J imi H endrix THE
THE
MAN,
MA GIC, THE
SHARON LAWRENCE
TRUTH
T
echnically, I’m not a guitar
player.AllI...
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J imi H endrix THE
THE
MAN,
MA GIC, THE
SHARON LAWRENCE
TRUTH
T
echnically, I’m not a guitar
player.AllIplayistruthandemotion. —JIMI HENDRIX
Contents Prologue.....v
PART ONE: A BOY-CHILD COMIN’ O NE ......Johnny/Jimmy.....3 T WO .....Don’tLookBack.....9 T HREE .....FlyingHigh.....21 F OUR .....TheStruggle.....27
PART TWO: LONDON, PARIS, THE WORLD! F IVE .....ThrillingTimes.....47 S IX .....“TheBestYearofMyLife”.....69 S EVEN .....Experienced.....91 E IGHT .....AllAlongtheWatchtower.....119 N INE .....TheTrial.....159 T EN .....Drifting.....175 E LEVEN .....PurpleHaze.....189 T WELVE .....InsidetheDangerZone.....207 Coda.....217
Contents
PART THREE: THE REINVENTION OF JIMI HENDRIX I NTRODUCTION .....229 T HIRTEEN .....1971–1989:TheNewRegime.....231 F OURTEEN .....1990–1999:ASeriesofShowdowns.....247 F IFTEEN .....2000–2004:Wealth,Power,and ReflectedGlory.....271
PART FOUR: THE TRUE LEGACY.....319 A CKNOWLEDGMENTS .....337
A BOUT
THE
A UTHOR
C REDITS C OVER C OPYRIGHT ABOUT THE
IV
P UBLISHER
PROLOGUE
F E B RU A R Y 9 , 1 9 6 8 Iobservedtheextravagantaureoleofcarefullyteasedblackhair.The face,withitsluminousbrowneyeslookingdirectlyatme,wasgentle. His handshake was firm. He smiled warmly, respectfully even, and saidinalow,whisperyvoice,“Thanksforcomingouttonight.” SothiswasJimiHendrix.TheexoticphotographsI’dseeninthe English music papers offered a somewhat terrifying image. On this night,though,Imetashy,politehumanbeing. “Sharon,”LesliePerrin hadsaidon thetelephone,“I’vejustarrivedfromLondon,andI’dliketointroduceyoutoJimiHendrix.He’s veryspecial.Andhe’splayingnearDisneylandtonight!” ForyearsLesliePerrinhadbeenafigureinLondonpressandmusic circles, jovial but shrewd, a stout, chain-smoking, middle-aged public relations expert whose clients ranged from Frank Sinatra to the Rolling Stones. Now he’d added the Jimi Hendrix Experience to his clientroster.The motto inscribedon his letterheadread RING ANYTIME—DAY OR NIGHT.
ME
Prologue “Thatwouldbenice, Les, butcould wedo itanother time? I’d love to see you, of course. Maybe for lunch tomorrow? It’s been a tremendously busy week, and I’m not at my best, and with all this rainthisisn’tagoodnight.”Imetandinterviewedcelebrities,particularlymajorfilmstars,everydayinmyjobasafledglingreporter intheLosAngelesbureauofUnitedPressInternational,thenapowerful news organization. Les sounded disappointed, and I felt ashamedofmyselfasI caught on—Perrinwasonunfamiliarturfin L.A.,dismayedbythesuddendownpourinsunnyCalifornia,andhe neededaride.IwasalsorememberingthatLeswasagreatpalofnumerousjournalistfriendsofmineinLondonandthathe’dbeenkind andhospitabletomeonarecentvisittoEngland.“WhereshallIpick youup,Les?” ThisishowImetHendrix,thehottestnewstarontheinternationalmusicscene:because,grudgingly,Iwasdoingafavor. ThetiresofmyblueDodgeDartsquealedontheslick,slippery freewaysaswedrovethethirtymilessoutheastfromLosAngelesto Anaheim in a steady, gloomy rain. We smoked cigarettes as Les amusingly related the latest music news from Swinging London. Finallywezigzaggedourwayoffthefreewayandslowlyturnedintothe driveway of the Anaheim Convention Center. It held seventy-eight hundredpeople,andtheparkinglotwasjammedaswemaneuvered intoaspacenearthebackstageentrance. I tentatively followed Perrin into the crowded dressing room, whereheintroducedmetodrummerMitchMitchellandbassistNoel Redding, two quite adorable and gracious English boys. We talked aboutthislatestroundofthe“BritishInvasion”—thetaggiventothe increasingnumberofEnglishbandstouringAmericainthesixties— and the Experience’s recent New York press reception on top of a midtown skyscraper. Everything they said made me laugh, down to thecornyjokesabout“That’swhatIcallgettinghigh!” Lestookmyarmandwesteppedoutsidethedoor,andtherewas Jimi Hendrix, in a deep purple silk crepe shirt, velvet pants, and a black cut-velvet jacket; I had never before seen a pop musician
VI
Prologue dressedwithsuchsubtleelegance;Hendrixlookedasifheshouldbe invitedtoposeforthecoverofVogue.Hisfaceandhisvoiceappeared shy.“I’vejustbeentuningmyguitar,”hesaid. TenminuteslaterLesPerrin,who’dgoneofftochatwithother musiciansonthe“Invasion”package—whichincludedEireApparent, SoftMachine,EricBurdonandtheAnimalswiththeExperienceheadlining—returned to smile approvingly as he saw Hendrix and me in animatedconversation.ItoldJimithatIhadalreadyseentheExperiencesoonaftertheMontereyPopFestival,whenthetrioopenedfor theMamasandPapasattheHollywoodBowl.“Ithoughtitwasfabulous the way you came onto the stage playing ‘Sgt. Pepper,’ ” I said. “Theperfectsongtograbthecrowd.” Jimi’seyeslitup;helikedthiscompliment,andheseemedtounderstandthatIwassimplysayingwhatIthought.Ilovedmusic,knew music, from Ella Fitzgerald to Tchaikovsky to Ray Charles and the Beatles; my earliest memories involved a home where the record player was alive with wondrous voices and captivating melodies, fromNegrospiritualstoGershwinconcertos.Ihadaboyfriend,Ron, acollegestudentinNewYorkandanavidrecordcollector,whowas crazyaboutthenewpopmusic.Peoplewhodidn’tcareaboutmusic usuallydidn’tinterestme. “MymotherthoughtyourgroupwasterrificattheBowl,”Icontinued. “She liked your songs and also your clothes. ‘That boy has beautifultaste,’shesaid.Motherlovesfinefabrics.” Hiseyesopenedwide.“Youtookyourmothertohearus?” “In California,” I explained, “the Hollywood Bowl has always beenafamilyplace,whereyoubringapicnicdinnerandhearmusic underthestars.It’sasummertradition.” Jiminodded.“PleasetellherIappreciatefabrics,too.” IkeptwaitingforHendrixtobringtheconversationtoahalt,but heseemedtobeenjoyinghimself.SoIwenton,“Mymothercollects material,edgings,trimmings;she’swonderfulatsewing.” Jimi seemed delighted to hear this, saying, “If I had a proper place,quitenaturally,I’dbecollectingallthat,too.”
VII
Prologue “I only collect records,” I said. “I’ve got hundreds of albums. I startedbuyingthemwhenIwasten,andnowoneofthebestthings aboutmyjobisthatI’minvitedtoseejustabouteverymoviemade, andtherecordcompaniessendmefreerecords.” “Theyallmustlikeyoualot!”hesaid. “No,”Isaid.“Ithinkit’smoreaboutwantingpublicity.Iquitcollegeanddidabitoffinaglingtolandmyjob.Iwasnaïve,Isuppose, because I hadn’t realized until recently that when people give you somethingfree,theyjustaboutalwayswantsomething.” Hendrixgavemeaseriouslook.“Isn’tthatthetruth,”hesaid. Lesrejoinedus,glancingathiswatch.“James,”hesaid,“Ithink you’resupposedtobeonstage.” Hendrixsmiledwarmlyatme.“Seeyouagain!” Ashehurriedtothedressingroom,therewasEricBurdoncomingfromtheotherdirection.I’dmethimacoupleoftimesbefore.Exuberantly,hegrabbedmyarmandsaid,“Comeon,let’sgooutfront. It’salwayssoexcitin’whenJimiplays.” Erichadjustfinished“warmingup”seventhousandyoungpeopleforthefirstoftwoshowsthatnight.Mostoftheaudiencewason theirfeeteagerlywaitingfortheExperience.Undoubtedlyquiteafew ofthesekidshadwitnessedtherivetingdebutoftheJimiHendrixExperienceatMontereyPoptheprevioussummer. The minute Hendrix made his entrance, the subdued fellow I’d just met turned into the most lascivious, outrageous, spectacular performer I’d ever seen. His Hollywood Bowl show seemed tame in retrospect.Nowhewasravagingtheguitarwithhisteeth,histongue, playing it behind his back and on the floor, in a brilliant display of showmanship and sound. Although I had seen everyone from the BeatlestotheStonestoBobDylan,Ihadnevergivenmuchconsiderationtotheguitar.Likemanyotherfansatconcerts,Itendedtoconcentrateontheleadsinger.Buttonightabold,brightlycoloredworld of fresh rhythms and sound was emanating from this white StratocasterthatHendrixplayedsoeffortlesslyitappearedtobepartofhis body. Yes, I thought, this is important. The mesmerized audience
VIII
Prologue hardlyseemedtonoticethatthereweretwoother musiciansonstage untilaninspiredbitofdrummingfromMitchMitchellgrabbedthem. ForallthespotlightonHendrix,thiswasatrueensemble;theExperience’splayingwasbothtightandseeminglyspontaneous,arareand invigorating mix. Noel Redding and Mitch Mitchell were the allimportantfoundationforJimi;thethreeofthemtogetherknewhow tocreatemagic.Continualripplesofapplausenowhadescalatedinto exhilaratingroarsofapproval.Thecrowdhungoneverynote,onthe soulful,whisperysingingvoice,thequick,shycommentsintothemicrophone.Ateenageboysittingbehindmesaidtohisfriend,“Hendrixistalkingtous!” AyearagoI’dassumedthatalltheexcitementabouttheExperience was purely press agentry and hype. Now I understood why all themajorBritishguitarplayerscouldn’tstoptalkingaboutHendrix. Backstageafterhisperformance,Jimirevertedtothesamegentle person I’d met two hours before. He struck me as a creature— moreofaspiritthanaperson.Withoutknowingpreciselywhy,Ifelt thatIwasinthepresenceofsomeoneunique. LesPerrinmurmuredsomethingoddaswedrovebacktoHollywood: “I hope you’ll get to know Hendrix. He could use a friend.” Meanwhileintherearseatofthecar,big,beefyChasChandler,formerbassistfortheAnimalsandnowJimi’sco-manager,wasgrinning ashere-countedthe thousandsofdollarsincashhe’dcollectedfor thegig.Therainbeatdownharder,butIdrovefaster.Iwasanervous wreckuntilChandlerputallthatmoneyinthehotelsafe. Ididn’tknowthatLesPerrinhadgivenJimimytelephonenumber,soaweeklaterIwassurprisedtohearfrommyansweringservice that “a Mr. Hendrix called to thank you for attending his concert.” He’dleftthenumberathislatesthotel,andwhenIreturnedthecall, hethankedmeagain.Gee,Ithought,Lesmusthavegivenmequitea buildupassomeoneworthknowinginL.A.DidHendrixwanttovisit amoviestudioorwhat?TheothermusiciansIknewfromEnglandalwaysurgedmetoshowthemwhereElvislivedandtakethemtosee the movie-star hand- and footprints at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre
IX
Prologue onHollywoodBoulevard.Butaswecontinuedourconversation,Jimi didn’tseemtowantanythingexcepttotalk.WhenIaskedhimabout lifeontheroad,Iwasastonishedathowopenlyhespokeofthetroubleshewasfacingasaninstantsuperstar. Histonewastense,almostdesperate.“Thegroup’sgottensobig so fast. I’m making everyone unhappy. I don’t want to overshadow anybody.” I didn’t know how to respond. The music world had clutched Jimi to its heart. His success appeared unlimited. I would have expectedhimtosayhewasontopoftheworld. IrememberedaTrackRecordsadvertisementofcongratulations in an issue of Melody Maker several months back—ALL
HAIL KING JIMI.
Onthecovertheself-taughtJimiHendrixwaspicturedacceptinghis trophy as “World’s Best Pop Musician,” his head bowed, an expressionofdeephumilityonhisface.NowIremindedhimofthis.“What afabuloushonor.Itmusthavemadeyoufeelgreat!” Asmilecoloredhisvoice.“Oh,yes!” Wespokeofnewrecordsbeingplayedontheradioandoffilms. HetoldmethatheadmiredMarlonBrando,JamesDean,andSidney Poitier. “I don’t have much time tosee movies,” Jimisaid, “but Ido lovethem.ThelastoneIsawwasIntheHeatoftheNight. Verycool movie.Didyouseeit?” “It was terrific,” I said. “Poitier’s a great actor! What I want to know,though,iswhyBrandoandDean?TheWildOnes,RebelWithouta Cause—isthishowyouseeyourself?”Iwasjoking,laughingasIspoke. Helaughed,too,briefly,andaddedquiteseriously,“Yeah,Irelateto thosemovies.Idigthosefilmsalot.I’dliketogetaredjacketinhonor ofJimmyDean,infact.It’ssosadthathediedsoyoung,isn’tit?” “Very,verysad,”Isaid. In mid-March, Hendrix telephoned me from New York, telling methathe’dseenmybylineonaUPIfeatureinthenewspaper.Iwas startledontwocounts—hearingfromhimagainandlearningthathe read newspapers. Most musicians I knew did not,except for stories aboutthem.
X
Prologue Jimi sounded weary. “We’ve been touring or recording for almosteighteenmonths.SinceIshowedupinLondoninthefallof’66, I’vemethundredsofpeoplebesidesthefans;thatpartofitisgenerallycool.Buttryingtokeepupwithradio-andrecord-businesspeople in each country—promoters, agents, program directors, press, publicity,andblah-blah-blah—it’suh . . . uh—” “Difficult?”Iinterrupted. “Damn right it’s difficult. I feel like I live on a roller coaster. I don’tmeantowhine.I’mjusttired.Throwinallthelittledramasin the band and the management and all the mind-blowing legal bull, and it definitely takes away from the music. I’d like three hours to concentrate only on writing a song.” Having gotten it momentarily offhischest,heturnedcheerier.“Nothingwrongwithmethatasolid week of sleep can’t cure! I was thinking about that when we talked aboutmovies.Wheneverthere’stimetogetrestedup,I’dliketogo seetenmoviesinarow!” “Why don’t you arrange for time off to go home and see your family?Tuneoutforawhile,”Isuggested. Hendrix’stonecompletelychanged.“There’snothingformein Seattle,” he said flatly. “It’s so beautiful, but I couldn’t stay there. Theydidn’tunderstandthen.Andtheydon’tnow.” As he spoke, I could never have known how desperately Jimi neededaconfidante,asoundingboard,anactualfriendwhowasn’t involvedinhiscareer.NorcouldIhaveguessedthatinthenextyears I would see him in a variety of places, situations, and especially moods—rangingfromjoytofear. Jimiheldlittlebackinourconversations.Itseemedthatsomany feelingshadbeenbottledupinsidehimforsuchalongtime,sothat whenhespoke,hewouldsometimesrevupintohighgear,justpouring stuff out. I was a good listener, often asking questions as he retraced his life, but only occasionally commenting. There were momentswhenIwasstartledanddismayedbyhiscandor.Hewasn’t cryingonmyshoulderoraskingforpity,simplyunwindingwashowI sawit.Iwasimpressedbythewayhespokewithinherentsensitivity
XI
Prologue of special moments and creative discoveries in his musical life. We sharedafewcynicallaughsoversomeoftheabsurditiesanddisillusionmentsinthebusinesssideofhiscareeraswellasmyown.Ifelt thatitwasimportanttoremembereverythinghesaidabouthistroubledformativeyears,hisdisappointments,hisdreams,hisgoals,and hisjoyinandpassionformusic.Still,whocouldforgetsuchastrong andvibrantmindandhowheexpressedhimself? Seeingandhearingthepleasurehereceivedfrom“practicin’up, workin’ with words and sneaky riffs,” it always made me feel privilegedtobepresentforafewofthosecreativetimes. I deliberately waited years to write this book, not sure that I wanted to revisit the tender and tortured territory of the “Hendrix Years”andalsoconvincedthattheperspectiveoftimeandaddedlife experience would surely make me see Jimi from a different point of view.ButIwaswrong aboutthat.MyintrinsicsenseofwhoJimiHendrixwasandwhathe’sallaboutremainsthesamenowasitdidthen. JimiwasthegreatestmusicianandtheleastboringpersonIhave everknown.
S H A R O N L AW R E N C E LosAngeles,November2004
XII
PART ONE
A Boy-Child Comin’
CHAPTER ONE
Johnny/Jimmy
S
helovedagoodtime.Therewerefewof
theminhershortandwretchedlife. Lucille Jeter shook off the gloomy blanket of wartime anxieties thattroubled all theadultsaround her, anddespiteher family’sadmonitions,sheignoredthetediousdrip . . . drip . . . dripoftheSeattleeveningraintogooutanddanceeverychanceshegot. Thesweet-naturedandnaïve“baby”oftheJeterfamily,Lucille had a brother and three older sisters. Their parents, Preston and Clarice,weretypicalofmanyoftheblackresidentsofSeattleinthe 1940s,menandwomenwhohadmigratedwest,seekingabetterlife butfrequentlydisappointed.BorninVirginia,PrestonJeterpossessed education but few opportunities. He worked, at various times, as a minerandasalongshoreman.Hiswife,Clarice,anativeofArkansas, broughtinmuch-neededincometoilingascleaningladyandhousekeeper. Welfare checks sometimes entered the picture. Mrs. Jeter’s Pentecostalreligionwasbothherrockandhersociallife;sheworried andprayedaboutLucilleandheralwaysfragilehealth.Lucillewasinclinedtooverdo.
SHARON LAWRENCE The sight of the pretty, tiny, pale-skinned black girl kicking up herheelsandthesoundofhergiddylaughterasshewastossedinto the air captivated Al Hendrix. It seemed that she would never get enough of the bright lights and spirited jitterbug rhythms. Lucille lovedhermusic! The exhilarating nights on the dance floor didn’t last long. Weeksafterthecouple’sfirstmeeting,Lucillebecamepregnantand hurriedlymarriedtwenty-two-year-oldAl,anattractiveifnothandsome bantam rooster of a man, standing barely five foot two. She toldhermotherthatshelikedthewayAlsmiledather. Her young husband was an American citizen raised in Vancouver,BritishColumbia,whohadsettledinSeattleseveralyearsbefore totryhisluckasalightweightboxerinthecity’sGoldenGlovescompetition.Al’sfather,RossHendrix,wasanOhionativewhogrewupto become a Chicago policeman and eventually, making an exotic switch, took a job as stagehand for a vaudeville troupe. He married one of the dancers in the company, Nora Moore, the daughter of a full-blooded Cherokee mother and an Irish father. Nora and Ross Hendrixdecidedtogiveupthetravelinglifeandmakeanewstartin Vancouver.InquicksuccessionNoragavebirthtotwosons,adaughter,andfinallytoJamesAllenHendrix,generallyknownasAl. Sincehiseducationhadceasedintheseventhgradeandhewas unpreparedforanyskilledwork,Alturnedtotheloveofdancinghe’d inherited from his mother to making a few bucks here and there in dance contests.Hisspecialtiesweretapdancing,jitterbugging,and solo improvisations. Although Al later was to refer to himself as a memberofanimportantshowbusinessfamily,MamaNoraworked long hours in the kitchen of a Vancouver restaurant after she left vaudeville;asateenagerAlwasawaiterthere. When he married Lucille, Al had perhaps only three things in commonwithhissixteen-year-oldwife:Theybothweretheyoungest children in their respective families, they each loved to dance, and they had a child on the way. Within days after their marriage on March 31, 1942, Al kissed Lucille good-bye. Drafted into the army, 4
Jimi Hendrix hewassentmorethanfifteenhundredmilesawaytoOklahoma,and thenontoGeorgia. Lucillewasbarelyseventeenwhenshegavebirthtoherfirstson, Johnny,onNovember27,1942.Thebirthtookplaceatthehomeof Dorothy Harding, a good friend to Lucille’s sister Dolores. Relatives andfriendsjokedabouthowstrangeitwasthatthesetwoshortpeoplehadconceivedsuchagraceful,long-limbedbaby. Raisingababywasnojoke,andLucillewasunpreparedtohandle the transition from dropout schoolgirl to mother. Through an army snafu, she was not receiving any of Al’s military pay. Not long after Johnnywasborn,PrestonJeterdiedofaheartcondition.Asaresult, Claricewasplaguedbyfinancialproblems.ShelovedLucille’sbaby, but she couldn’t take care of him and also work five days a week. Clarice and her daughter Dolores were deeply concerned about Johnny’s welfare as he was shuttled around a circle of relatives, friends, and even complete strangers in homes in and near Seattle. Week to week Johnny never was quite sure who was “in charge”—a phrase that stayed with him. He slept on pillows, in baskets, and in other people’s beds; a real baby crib was a luxury Johnny seldom knew. Lucille floated in and out of Johnny’s life, the “Mama” he adored—even if the young girl couldn’t support him or manage to takecareofhimformorethanafewdaysatatime. Whenhewasalmosttwoandahalfyearsold,Johnnywastaken in by a church acquaintance of his grandmother Clarice. This woman became ill and unexpectedly passed away; her sister journeyed from California to Seattle, where she met and was charmed by little Johnny. It was a fateful meeting, and while he eventually forgothername, heneverforgother. Shevolunteeredtotakecare oftheboyinherwartimehomeinBerkeley,California.Lucillehad noobjections. Johnnynowlivedinthefinesthouseyet,asimplebungalowseveral blocks away from the University of California campus. He felt comfortable and secure, and he blossomed under the warmth and concernofthewomanwhohadrescuedhim,nottomentiontheat5
SHARON LAWRENCE tention of her eldest daughter, who was approximately twenty, and twolivelyteenagechildren.Hewouldlaterrecallhowhelovedbeing read to, always eager for the next story. Johnny’s vocabulary increaseddramatically duringthis happyrespite from the insecurities ofSeattle.“Theycalledmealittlechatterbox,”hesaidtome,smiling atthethoughtofthoselong-agomemories. Al Hendrix had given some second thoughts to his marriage, particularlyafterheheardthatLucillehadbeenseeinganotherman; he was considering divorcing his young wife. Weeks after his dischargefromthearmylatein1945,hetraveleddowntheWestCoast toBerkeleytotakehisfirstlookathisson.Johnnydidnotquiteconnectthephotographofhisfatherinuniform,prominentlydisplayed inthe livingroom, with thenonuniformed young manwho was inspectinghimnow.AlstayedwithJohnny’sguardianangelsforafew days, met two of the boy’s neighborhood playmates, and when Johnnyapparentlyhadbecomeusedtohim,hepackeduptheboy’s belongings. The two of them embarked on an exhausting, eighthundred-mile train trip back to Seattle. Years later Johnny remembered how he cried and sobbed when this unfamiliar man he now was to call Daddy disciplined him midway through the journey: “I want to get off this train! I want to go home. You leave me alone! I wantmyfamily. “Ijustbawled,”hesaid.“Iknewtheylovedme,thattheywould miss me.” Although the details faded, Johnny never forgot this substitute family.“They,thattimehasalwaysbeenlikeacozylittledreaminmy mind,”hewouldsayasanadult. When Johnny was nearly four, his father applied to have his namelegallychangedtoJamesMarshallHendrix.ItbotheredAlthat Lucille might have named the baby after a boyfriend. The boy was toldthathewasnowtobecalledJimmy.Thisdisturbedandconfused Johnny, who’d been learning how to sound out and spell “Johnny” fromachild’salphabetbookhe’dbeengiveninBerkeley.“Thekid,” ashewasoftenreferredto,wasnowloadedwithnames.HisauntDo6
Jimi Hendrix lores, Lucille’s concerned and supportive sister, had earlier nicknamedhim“Buster.” LaterJohnny/Jimmyspokeofthefirstyearsofhislifeas“fullof confusion,” and he did not easily discuss his childhood memories. Therewasaperiodbeforehestartedschoolwhenheandhismother andfatheralllivedinAuntDolores’ssmallhomeaspartofherown growing family. “My auntie always tried to make things better,” he said.TheHendrixmarriagewasanon-again,off-againunion.Occasionally,toremovehimfromincreasingparentaltension,Jimmywas sentacrossthebordertoVancouver,BritishColumbia,forbriefstays with Al’s mother, Nora Hendrix. In January 1948, when Jimmy was six, his parents produced another son, Leon. Not quite a year later, Lucillegavebirthtoathirdson,Joseph. Lucillefelttrapped.Shewastooyoungtobethemotherofone child,muchlesstwoandthenathird;shecouldn’thandlebeingtied down. Al was increasingly bossy, short-tempered, and tight with money,alwaysaproblemformanyresidentsofSeattle’sCentralDistrict.Therewasnomoreromance—orjitterbugging—forthiscouple. Jimmy’sfatherwasalwaystellinghim,“Don’tgetintheway”or “Don’tmakeafuss”or“Nosassingfromyou!” Theboyswiftlylearnedthatbeingquietanddutifuloccasionally helped to avoid loud, unpleasant volleys of fighting. Al told Jimmy, “Thatwoman’samess.”Hehatedtohearhisfathertalkuglyabouthis motherasmuchashetrembledatseeingherintoxicated,stumbling and shaky. Al was no teetotaler himself, and his eldest son often sobbedintoanoldpillowashetriedtosleepwhileugly,noisybattles ragedafewfeetawayfromhisbed.“Sometimes,”Jimmylatertolda friend, “I would lay there and ask myself over and over, ‘Who am I? Whyisthishappening?WhatcanIdo?’ ” One nightmare of an evening, Lucille left, never to return. “Jimmybaby,”shetoldherson,“Ihavetoescape this!” ForJimmyhismother’swords,hertears,remainedanindelible memory. ThecoupledivorcedinDecember1951,withAlaskingforand 7
SHARON LAWRENCE receivingcustodyofthechildren.HewantedandarrangedforJoseph tobe“fosteredout.” AlwarnedJimmyandlittleLeontostayawayfromLucille.“She’s adrunk.She’snogood!” “No good.” These words, too, haunted the little boy—who becamethemanJimiHendrix—fortherestofhislife.
8
CHAPTER TWO
Don’t Look Back
S
eattledisplayednature’sbountyinabun-
dance, but the weather never could be counted on. In a matter of minutes, the breathtakingly lovely, shimmering blue panorama would often morph into gloomy gray, punctuated by intermittent threatening torrents of rain. “Changeable” was a good word to describeyoungJimmy’sexistence;sunny,happymomentsweremixed withhunger,abuse,neglect,andtheintermittentuglysoundtrackof hisparentsscreamingateachother. AfterLucilleJeterHendrixleft,thepatternthathadexistedfrom Jimmy’sbirthcontinued;heandhisfathermovedfromonelow-rent perch, even from one gritty flophouse, to another. Little Leon had beensenttostaywithrelativesandinseveralfosterhomes,returning toAlandJimmyatintervals.Betweentheagesofthreeandsixteen, Jimmylivedinfourteendifferentplacesandwaspulledinandoutofa dozenschools. “AsearlyasIcanremember,Ithoughtaboutrunningaway,”he recalled.“ButtherewasnowheretogoinSeattle,exceptsometimes tovisitatmyauntDolores’shouseortoseeAuntDorothy.Shewas
SHARON LAWRENCE notreallymyaunt,butIthoughtofherthatway;shepaidalotofattentiontome.IknewIshouldn’treallyrunaway,becausethenI’dbe duckingoutonmylittlebrother.” ThehighlightofhisearlyyearswastakingtheferrytoVancouver to visit his father’s relatives. “I always looked forward to seeing Gramma Nora, my dad’s mother, in Vancouver, usually in the summer,”hesaid.“I’d pack some stuff ina brown sack, and thenshe’d buymenewpantsandshirtsandunderwear.Ikeptgettingtallerand growing out of all my clothes, and my shoes were always a fallingapart disgrace. Gramma would tell me little Indian stories that had beentoldtoherwhenshewasmyage;Icouldn’twaittohearanew story.ShehadCherokeeblood.SodidGrammaJeter.Iwasproudthat itwasinme,too.” He was closer to Clarice, who frequently took him to the small Pentecostal Church of God in Christ on Sunday. “I learned hymns there,”Jimmywouldrecall.“Ican’trememberallthewordsnow,but Icanstillhumthemusic.”ClariceJeteralsointroducedhergrandson tooneofhisfavoritepastimes—“goingtotheshow,”ashephrasedit. Jimmy was excited to walk into a movie theater then and always thereafter. Early on, in his imagination, he envisioned himself as an actor.HelikeditwhenClaricewouldtellhimabouthowshealsohad takenhismothertochurchandtothemovies“whenLucillewaslittle like you.” Jimmy listened eagerly whenever his grandmother shared hermemoriesofheryoungestchild. SinceJimmy’sbirthLucillehadlivedashakylife.Shewasfragile physically and emotionally, wanting to be “grown-up” like her siblings, but Lucille wasn’t cut out for demanding physical work, and jobsinSeattlewereinscantsupply.Workingbrieflyasawaitress,for example, she showed difficulty lifting and carrying a heavy tray of dishesacrosstheroom.Sweetandpretty,Lucillewassusceptibleto menwhocomplimentedherorencouragedhertocomeoutdancing anddrinkingwiththem.Tavernsandbeerjointswereneverdifficult tofindintheCentralDistrict,andthemusicwasalwayshotonand aroundJacksonStreet.Lucillemadepoorchoicesinmen,whocame 10
Jimi Hendrix andwentorweretoldto“getlost”byherfamily.Hermotherandher sister Dolores felt increasing anguish over Lucille and helped her in every way they could. “When I went to church with her, my grandmotherprayedforeveryonesheloved,butespeciallyformymama,” Jimmyrecalled. He saw his mother infrequently but often heard reports of her looselifeandherdrinking,someofthistoldtohimbyhisfather.He criedinbedandinacloset,wherenoonewouldseehim,feelingembarrassed and frightened for Lucille. Still, he was always excited about spending time with her, nervously hoping “that my mama wouldbeokay,andthatmaybeshewouldn’tbedrinkinganymore.” Despite the fact that Jimmy attended ethnically mixed schools andthattheCentralDistrictwashometoYeslerTerrace,oneofthe firstfullyintegratedpublichousingprojectsinAmerica,Seattleasa whole,likemostcitiesinAmericaduringthe1940sand’50s,hadits uglypocketsofracism.YoungJimmybothheardthewordandwasreferredtoas“nigger”countlesstimes.Aswashisnature,hegenerally shruggeditoff.Althoughrecognizedasa“brightchildwithaninterestinart,”Jimmygotonlymediocregrades,andheoftenwastardy. Manytimeshewassenttoschoolwithacupofmilkashisonlybreakfast.Lunchwasahit-or-missproposition. “Al neglected the boy,” a onetime resident of the projects remembered.“Thenwe’dnoticehimpayingalittleattention,andthe next thing you know, the kid was all alone again. Al stepped out to haveafewbeers,doalittlegamblingandsomeflirting.Allikedthe ladies.” AnotherneighboroftheHendrixfamilywastosayofAl’ssons, “Leonwasbarelywalking,andmywifeandIwouldseejustonelight on in the evening, the two boys all alone. Sometimes we’d take a plate of hot food over on occasion or leave a bottle of milk on the porch. Jimmy never asked for food, but he certainly didn’t turn it down. He’d say thank you three or four times; he was very shy. Through the window we’d see Jimmy holding Leon on his lap and feedinghim.Itwasasadsituation.Onceinawhile,JimmyandIused 11
SHARON LAWRENCE tothrowabaseballbackandforth.IgavehimanoldmittI’dhadfor years,andhegotsoexcitedaboutthat.Eventuallytheymovedafew blocksaway,and there were storiesthatAlwasfeeding them horse meat.SeveralneighborsaroundheremadeapointofinvitingJimmy infromtimetotime,afterLeonwasputinafosterhome.AlHendrix was not too happy about it; he didn’t seem to want Jimmy being friendlywiththeneighbors.” HissontoldmethatwhenAllosthistemperorhadbeendrinking, “my father often beat or slapped me. Hard. I tried to keep him fromdoingittoLeon.” For a time Jimmy lived with Al’s brother Frank and his wife, Pearl,andtheirtwochildren,DianeandBob.“Regularmeals,”Jimmy remembered. “Diane was a little kid, but smart. We could laugh aboutthings.”Hispersonalitythroughouthischildhoodveeredfrom happyandbubblytosadandquiet,dependingonhowsecurehewas feeling at the moment. However, with an erratic mother, an erratic father, a life rooted in poverty, and no lasting, stable home base, Hendrix always felt “different.” He grew deeply embarrassed as he gradually realized that most of his teachers and some of his friends and their parents were aware that he came from what he later referredtoas“amessybackground.” Jimmyand Leon alsolivedwithGrace Hatcher,thedaughterof Al’s sister Pat. The Hatchers had children of their own and little money,but“theyweregoodtous,”Jimiremembered.“Theadultsin ourliveswentwithouttobesureuskidsgotenoughfoodinourstomachs.”TheadultsalsoincludedAl’sfriendsErnestineandBillBenson. “Ernie,” as Jimmy affectionately referred to her, “was very sweet to me and my brother. Very concerned, you know. My dad really just dumpeduswithpeoplewhilehewasrunningarounddrinking,gambling, and showing off to women. He always needed lots of attention.” James Williams and Terry Johnson were Jimmy’s closest childhoodfriends,andasmuchasheenjoyedbeingwiththem,hesaid,“I wasn’tlayingnosobstoryonthemaboutmymamaandmydadand 12
Jimi Hendrix all that messeither.”Togetherthey roamedfavorite neighborhoods andexploredSeattle’sverdantparks,runningdownhilltothewater’s edge. They talked animatedly of baseball and football, both sports Jimmylovedtoplay.“Welaughedalot;theyweretrue-bluefriends. Theyhelpedmeinmanyways,”hesaid,whichincludedtheirgiving himsomedecentclothesfromtimetotime. AsLeonHendrix’sbigbrother,Jimmywasnurturingandprotective whenever they were together. On occasional Sundays he would organize himself and Leon to look as respectable as their scanty wardrobes permitted so they could attend services at Goodwill Missionary Baptist Church. Zina Jordan, a member of that church since 1947,doesn’trememberseeingthemthere,butlatershewastosay laughingly,“IguessIdidn’tpayattentiontoboysthen.Jimmylooked bettertomewhenwegottohighschool.Ididrecentlytalktoanolder member of the church who said, ‘Yes, they lived just a few houses away, and the boys came here. They didn’t participate in Sunday schoolorthechoir,though.Theysatupinthebalcony.’Ourchurch hadoncebeentheoldJewishsynagogue,andithadabalconythen.” Leon’s first memory of his big brother comes from around the ageoftwo.“Iwaslittle,andIthoughtofJimmyasmyfather.Hewas my protector. But I did love Al. After all, I’d known him since I was born.Hewastheonewhotookmehomefromthehospital.Remember,hedidn’tmeetmybrotheruntilhewasthreeyearsold;theyhad adifferentkindofrelationship.Iwasahappybaby,butwhenIlookat picturesofmethen,Ithink,I’mraggedy-looking!Wehadnoclothes. Jimmy always found a way to feed me, and the neighbors helped. AuntDoloresdid.SoIwasneverinanyfear.Mybrothertoldmeawesomestories.Hetookcareofmeandlookedoutforme.” Leonlaughinglyrecalled,“MeandJimmyusedtogetintotrouble on purpose so we could go visit our mother. My dad made this our punishment—‘You gotta stay the weekend at your mama’s if you’re bad!’ That was what we wanted! Sometimes we’d wake up in the morningandsmellpancakesandbaconcookin’,andweknewMama wasthere.Itmadeushappy.” 13
SHARON LAWRENCE To his little brother, he was Buster, not Jimmy. “I remember watchingBusterplaybaseballandfootball,”Leonsaid.“AndIlikedit whenhedrew cartoonsforme.Buster wasreally goodatart. Wherever we lived, he was always making pictures. He loved those color pencils,andhe’dfiddlearoundtryingtochoosejusttherightcolor. Eventhoughpeoplethinkofhimasleft-handed,hecouldwriteand drawwithhisrighthand.” When Jimmy visited his mother, they listened to the radio together.“Sometimesshe’dsingalittlebittome,”hesaid.“I’dalready beenmessingwithtryingtolearnmusic.Italkedtomymamaabout it, and she would always smile.” Lucille was aware that her son had startedout“playing”abroomandthathehadprogressedtoworking overa“half-deadukulele.”Hedidn’ttellherthathehadbeggedand pleadedwithhisfathertobuyhimhisfirstactualguitar,anacoustic model, owned by one of Al’s gambling buddies. “He paid him five bucks.Eventually,”Jimmysaid. JimmywasfourteenyearsoldwhenhesawElvisPresleyperform atSicks’StadiuminSeattle.Sittinginacheapseatfarfromthestage, he was excited and intrigued by Presley’s energy and unique body language,butwhatinterestedhimmostwasthesinger’stightbackup band. “Those musicians were really something. Man, they were cool!”hesaid.“Theymadeplayingmusicseemlikethebestthingin theworld.”Itwasn’tuntiltwoyearslaterthatJimmyownedhisfirst electric guitar, a used white Supro Ozark, which Al Hendrix purchasedatadowntownmusicstoreaftermuchurgingfromhisson.“I put in plenty of gardening time with my dad to get that guitar,” he said.“Hoursofsweat,lifting,carrying,mowing,trimming, andtakingorders.” Asherfirstbornsonwasgrowingintohisteens,Lucille’shealth declined. Jimmy visited his mother in the hospital on two separate occasions, bringing her his drawings and a special card he had designed.InFebruary1958,Lucille,inseverepain,barelymadeitinside King County Hospital; she died almost immediately of kidney problemsthathadresultedinarupturedspleen.BesidesJimmyandLeon, 14
Jimi Hendrix she left four otherchildren, the fruit of assorted alliances, who had beenadoptedorfosteredout.Shewasthirty-twoyearsold. AlHendrixdidnotarrangeforJimmyandLeontoattendherfuneral.Asmuchasthefifteen-year-oldboydislikedthethoughtofany funeral,itbotheredhimdeeplyforhisentirelifethathehadnotbeen allowedtopayhisrespectsandshowhisloveforhismotheronelast time. Hepouredallhisemotionsintomusic.“Wordsmeantnothingto methen,”hesaid.Themoretheteenagerplayedhisguitar,themore hisconfidencegrew.Thereweremoments,Jimmyrecalled,whenhe “feltasifIwasflying,soaring.Ifeltfree, likeIcoulddomostanything. Iplayedforme.” He toldme that during this time he used to play with a kindred spirit named Sammy Drain, whom he knew from Leschi School, the elementaryschoolthatbothofthemhadpreviouslyattended.Named for a nineteenth-century Indian chief revered as a “courageous leader,”theschoolwasthreeblocksupthehillfromLakeWashington. Sammy Drain’s adult memories of Hendrix revolve around his passionformusic:“Webothhadpaperroutesdownaroundthewater.Iwasthirteen.Jimmywasfifteen.Eventuallywestartedsittingon theporchandjammingtogetherforhoursandhoursandhours.We wouldexchangelicksandhavesomuchfuninourownlittleworld. Webothwereself-taught.Weusedtovisualizebeingstarsandplayingforthewholeworld,thekindofstuffthatkidsfantasizeabout.His dad didn’t want him to play or talk that way. He was kind of mean, youknow.Alsometimescalledit‘devilmusic.’Somepeoplearound herewouldshunJimmyandmakefunofhimandthewayhehungon to that guitar justabouteverywhere he went.That hurt him inside, buthedidn’ttalkaboutit.”
H
e was a sweet, polite boy, just crazy about making music,” re-
called Terry Johnson’s mother, Florence, when she was told 15
SHARON LAWRENCE manyyearslaterthatJimmyalwaysrememberedheras“averynice lady, areal lady,whowasverythoughtful.Mrs.Johnsonwasagood cook, too. When we’d play at Terry’s house, I used to kind of hang around hoping she’d fix me a plate after we were done practicing. Andshealwaysdid.”Inherdiscreetway,Mrs.Johnsonsteeredclear of any discussion of Jimmy’s family life. “Those were tough times,” she said quietly, “for many people. But I have always thought of JimmyHendrixassomeonewhodeservedbetterthanhegot.” Overaneighteen-monthperiod,Jimmyplayedintwobands,the Rocking Kings and the Tomcats, but not exclusively. A man named JamesThomaswastheguidingforcebehindbothbands;hedecided whatsongswouldbeplayed,searchedforgigs,andgenerallyactedas manager. Jimmy was, according to a follower of the Seattle club sceneinthefiftiesandearlysixties,“akidwhowouldgoanywherehe could find transportation [to get to] and play guitar with any band thatwouldlethimsitin. Earlyon,Irememberhimplayingbassbeforehewasallowedtoplayleadguitar.Musicwasallhetalkedabout. Hendrix played at dances, picnics, even in the street.” Jimmy especially loved to play, he said, “Ray Charles and Chuck Berry songs.” The Rocking Kings and the Tomcats focused on performing cover versions of popular R&B songs. The two bands gigged at Jackson StreetvenuesliketheBlackandTanandWashingtonHallandseveral timesataroadhouseneartheairport,ajazzjointknownasSpanish Castle. (Despite stories to the contrary, this was not the inspiration forasongHendrixlaterwrote.)TheRockingKingsandtheTomcats alsogarneredamildfollowingatmilitarybasesinthestateofWashington.“JamesThomasgrinnedeartoearwhentheKingsplayedin theall-statecontest,”Hendrixremembered.“Theygavehimatrophy andall.” Jimmy went to pieces when his Supro Ozark guitar was stolen fromthestageatBirdland,aclubwhereheoftenplayed,usuallywith theRockingKings.Alwasnotsympatheticandtoldhissonthatitwas hisownfault forbeing careless. The lossof the guitar brought on a family argument, and it was his uncle Frank’s new wife, Mary, who 16
Jimi Hendrix steppedinandbought,oncredit,awhiteDanelectroforJimmy.He soonpainteditred.
C
arroll Collins was Jimmy’s classmate in the class of 1960 at Garfield High School; she was well known as a member of the
popularHi-Fi’ssinginggroup.NowCarrollBrown,anenergetic,wellspoken woman who runs two charitable organizations on the East Coast,shehasalwaysmadeapointofattendingGarfieldHighSchool reunions.In2000shewasaskedtoaddressthealumnigatheredfor theirfortiethreunion.Sherecalled,“Italkedspontaneouslyfromthe heartaboutwhatGarfieldhaddoneforallofus,andiftheyhadnot, didnot,takeadvantageofwhatwasgiventousasyoungpeople,then shame on them. They certainly can’t blame the school. The school has made me who I am today. We had teachers who cared, though
theydidn’tlooklikeus.TheonlyblackteacherswereMr.Hayesand Mr.Gary.” Ms. Brown continued, “Garfield was neatly manicured. Always! Wehadrhododendronsgrowingallinfrontoftheschool.Wewerenot allowedtoeatonthegrass,butwewereallowedtositunderthetrees. Keepingtheschoolbeautifiedwastaught.Respectfortheschooland thepropertyandgoodvaluesmattered.Therewasadresscode.Girls could noteven wear slackstofootball or basketball games;wewere expectedtoactlikeyoungladiesandtowearskirtsordresses.Wehad to respect each other because our neighborhoods were diverse. We didn’t need busing in those days. Our neighbors were AfricanAmericans,Jewish,Chinese,Russian;thereforethat’swhattheschool lookedlike.Weweretaughttorespectoneanother’scultures.” In remembering the Jimmy Hendrix that she knew at Garfield High, she chose her words carefully. “We understood, some of us, that Jimmy had talent. We didn’t think he was going to be college bound,butweknewhewoulddosomethingwithhismusic.Helived every day with that guitar! I mean, everyone else was in class, and 17
SHARON LAWRENCE he’s outside on the stoop. Alone. He was usually by himself. We weren’t allowed to smoke within ten blocks of the school. Smoking wasafad,soweallknewwhodidandwhodidn’t.Hedid.” Jerry Carson was another classmate of Hendrix’s at Garfield High.Carson,nowdeceased,wentontocollegeandthenbecamea reporterattheSeattleTimes.Hefeltawarmregardfortheself-taught guitarist. He remembered Jimmy as “being very excited when he heard a new record he liked. He’d try to learn the song right away. WhenIthinkofhim,Irecallhimsittingintheclassroommovinghis fingersasheplayedanimaginaryguitar.” AlHendrixneverhadmuchcommunicationwiththeteachersat anyoftheschoolshissonattended,andtherewasaminimumofdiscussion in the fall of 1959 when Jimmy decided to drop out of GarfieldHigh.Hefocusedontwopriorities—playingguitarandmakingmoney.Hehadbeenagoodworkersincetheageofseven,when hewasoftenseenhelpingAlwithgardeningjobs,sweepingupleaves, and mowing lawns. This work had continued on and off, and now once again he turned to gardening with his father, as well as other odd jobs, to support himself, since the money he made from music wasminimal. AsJimmybecamebetterknownaroundtheSeattleclubscene, numerous young girls paid attention to him. He definitely enjoyed this. “My specialgirlwas Betty Jean Morgan,” hetoldme. Hesaved upenoughcashfromtheworkhedidwithhisfathertobuyaninexpensiveengagementring.Realistically,though,hewasinnoposition togetmarried,particularlysincehedidn’twanttoremaininSeattle andBettyJeanwasveryclosetoherfamilythere. In 1961,Jimmy had anxietiesthatkepthimawake at night. He promisedhimselfthathewouldnotbelikehisfather,scramblingfor moneyorechoingthemoodswingsandthegrumbling—“Youdon’t knowhowmanysacrificesImake.”Andthethoughtofhismother’s short,misspentexistenceandmiserabledemisewouldalwaysbring tearstohiseyes.Hewaseighteenandeagertomoveforward.Hehad no plan, though, and over a period of several months, Jimmy made 18
Jimi Hendrix severalfoolishchoices.“Istolesomeclothesfromaplace,andI‘borrowed’ a car. I didn’t do these things all on my own. But I did get caught and called up before a judge,” he told me. A well-meaning counselor sat Jimmy down and strongly suggested that he should startthinkingaboutenlistinginthearmyifhewasn’tgoingtofinish highschool.“Igotthemessage,”Jimmysaid.“IfIendedupinjail,I knewIwouldn’tbeabletoplayguitar.” He yearned for a future that had nothing to do with his past. Jimmywentdowntowntoanarmyrecruitingstationandsignedup; hehadhopesofbeingassignedtothe101stAirborneDivision.Hours later he felt shocked by what he’d done; he’d signed up for three years!“Iwaspanicking,soIsatonthebedandhadalittletalkwith myself.ItmighthavebeenthefirsttimeIwasthinkingasaman,not asadumbkid.Imademyselfakindofpromise—Don’tlookback.If youdo,itwillholdyouback.”
19
CHAPTER THREE
Flying High
J
immy arrived at Fort Ord in California on
May31,1961.AmajormilitarytrainingpostsinceWorldWarII,Fort Ordcoveredmorethantwenty-fivethousandacres;itwaslargerthan thecityofSanFrancisco.Theappearanceoftheofficebuildings,barracks,andmesshallswasstrictlyutilitarian.MostofJimmy’sfellow trainees,somethreehundredofthem,lookedasuneasyashefeltin this strangenew world.Beingherewasnotabout making friends;it was strictly about learning how to serve and protect America. Like Jimmy,manyoftheyoungmenhadenlistedtomoveonfromimpoverishedbackgrounds. Jimmy underwent strenuous physical training and learned how tomarch“properly,”sometimesforhoursonend.Hewastaughtto shoot,andhewasproudofthesharpshooterbadgehewaseventually awarded. He was instructed in everything from how to wear a uniformtohowtoconducthimselfinfieldmarchesanddrillandceremonies, down to how to salute. In the PX store, he and his fellow trainees could buy alluring postcards of nearby towns but they
SHARON LAWRENCE weren’t allowed off base to enjoy the wonders of California coastal lifeforthemselves. TheMontereyPeninsulaimmediatelysouthofFortOrdwasdottedbytherecentlybuiltcoastaltownofSeaside,thehistoriccityand harbor of Monterey, and the tranquil villages of Pacific Grove and Carmel-by-the-Sea. Bing Crosby’s annual celebrity golf tournament tookplaceontherolling,velvetygolfgreensofPebbleBeach,withits fine mansions looking out to stunning ocean vistas. Down Highway 1, another twenty miles past Pebble Beach and Carmel-by-the Sea, laythedramatic,mysterious,andawe-inspiringbeautyofBigSur.All hislifethebeautyofnaturehadmatteredtoHendrix,andnowhefelt frustratedatacceptingthestringentrulesthatdidn’tallowhimtoexploretheCaliforniacoast. FourteenmileseastofthefortwastherichfarmlandoftheSalinas Valley, a veritable carpet of green in the growing season. Oak trees,afewblackwalnuts,andtalleucalyptuseswithgraceful,trailingleavesweretobeseenontheroadtoSalinas,aswellasroadside stands selling fresh flowers. This was John Steinbeck country, detailedintherenownedauthor’snovelEastofEden. Hendrixwasfamiliarwiththestoryanditssetting;whilestillinhighschool,he’dseen thefilmbasedonEastofEden. JimmyHendrixadmiredthepicture’s star, James Dean, also nicknamed Jimmy, who died tragically in an automobileaccidentnotlongafterthemoviewasmade.Hendrixwas particularlysensitivetoDean’scharacter,Cal,ayouthtroubledover hisunresolvedfamilyconflicts. AtFortOrdtherewerenotrees,noflowers—onlybleaknessout there on the endless acres of dirt, gravel, floodplains, and beachheads. Being ready to defend your country meant learning to sleep outdoors, no matter how wet, and then thanking God when you finally received the order to return to wooden barracks with rotting floorboards,tolumpycotsthatnowseemedtheultimateincomfort. TherewasadrillinstructoratFortOrdinthelatefiftiesandearly sixtieswhotoldhismen,“Ifyoudon’thatemygutsbythetimeyou leavehere, Ihaven’t donemyjobright!”Jimmy didn’thateanyone, 22
Jimi Hendrix buthedidn’tmakeanyclosefriendseither.Thelonelinessthathe’d lived with all his life followed him to California, and he knew in his heart,hesaid,thatnoonetrulycaredabouthim.“Iwaswornoutby nineo’clockatnight.Betweenallthosedamnpush-upsandpotatopeelingduty,mybody,myhands,achedsobadIcouldhardlysleep.” Jimmydidn’tlikeholdingorusingaknifeinhislongfingers.Earlyon, as a fledgling guitarist, he hadbecomeconsciousof theneedto alwaysprotecthishands. ThearmyallowedhimabrieffurloughinSeptember,andJimmy tookthebustoSeattle,wherehesawBettyJean,Leon,assortedmusicianfriends,andhisfather.Whentheyallaskedhimwhathewould bedoingnext,itbotheredhimtremendouslytoadmitthathehadno idea.He didn’twantto admitthat he was scared about whatfuture hismilitarycareermighthold.Beingaparatrooper,jumpingthrough thesky,wasasourceofexcitementhe’ddreamedabout.Butwhatif heendedupbeingassignedtoanofficejob—orworse?NooneatFort Ordhadofferedanyclues,andevenwhenhereturnedtothebase,his futureinthemilitarycontinuedtobeamystery. InsubsequentweeksJimmyparticipatedinadvancedsmall-unit tactictrainingandstillmoreruggedphysicaldrills.Hisdayswereexhausting. “When my head hit the cot, I was out like a light,” he recalled. He began receiving a salary of sixty-five dollars per month, andhewasnowallowedseveralfour-hourpassestoleavethebase. Ononeofthosepasses,hemanagedtofindaridetoMontereytoattendtheannualjazzfestival. FinallyJimmyreceivedtheordershe’dlongedfor.Hewastoreport for duty on November 8, 1961, at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, homeofthe101stAirborne.Hewasjubilant.Nowhisuniformwould soon show to one and all the fabled “Screaming Eagle patch,” the proud symbol of the 101st. And he would be able to parachute throughthesky.Heloved thatidea. InJanuary,Jimmywrotetohisfatherandaskedhimtosendhis guitar“ASAP.”Whenheopenedthebulkypackageandheldthered Danelectroguitaragain,checkingoverthestrings,hefeltdeephap23
SHARON LAWRENCE piness.Minusanamp,neverthelessheimmediatelyfingeredabitof old blues, humming to himself. In this moment Private First Class Hendrix was reminded that all he really wanted to do was play the guitar.Hethought,too,aboutBettyJeanMorganinSeattle.Helater told me, “She really didn’t like to hear it when I talked of going to placeslikeLosAngelesandNewYorkoneday.Icaredforher,butthe longerIwasinthearmy,themoreIknewIjusthad togetoutintothe world. My guitar was what had to come first, no matter what I’d promisedanybodyaboutanything.” HetookpartinaseriesofjumpsatFortCampbell.“Itwasscary and exciting when I stood in the jump tower,” he said, “moving through the air but keeping my mind on landing just right.” Jimmy stayed intouchwith his father,askingabout Leonand tellingof his progressasaparatrooper. Oneafternoon,inhisoffhours,hewasdeepintoplayingtheguitaratanon-basemusicfacilitythatprovidedamplifiersandinstrumentswhenanotherenlistedman,drawnbythemusic,cameupand introduced himself. Billy Cox said in his soft-spoken way to Jimmy Hendrix,“Youhaverealtalent.” No one had ever said that before. Jimmy never forgot either theseappreciativewordsorthelookofrespectonBilly’sface. It was Billy who suggested they put together a five-piece band, known around the service clubs as the King Kasuals. “A bit of the blues,alotofR&B,”Jimmysummedup.Offbasethenewbandoccasionally performed in Clarksville, a historic Tennessee town forty milesfromFortCampbell. On his twenty-sixth parachute jump, Jimmy broke his ankle. Though it was a painful injury, he saw this as a good omen. Jimmy consultedwithdoctorsandspokeatlengthtotwodifferentpsychiatrists,explaininghowmuchmusicmeanttohisfutureandasserting thathewasn’treallycutoutforthemilitary.Hewasquestionedextensivelyabouthisbackground—“TheythoughtIwasanoddball,”he saidwithashrug.Thedoctorhelikedbestwastheonewhoreported
24
Jimi Hendrix in writing that the ankle, when healed, would not likely be stable enoughforanymorejumps. Hendrix never served in combat, nor is he a part of the proud historyofUnit187ofthe101stAirborne.Duringtheoccupationof JapanafterWorldWarII,Americanparatroopersweregivenaname that has been in use ever since—rakkasan. This is Japanese for “falling-down umbrella.” The fancifulness of the term appealed to Hendrix, but ultimately the 101st Airborne gave Jimmy what he wantedevenmore—amedicaldischarge.
25
CHAPTER FOUR
The Struggle Lonelinessissuchadrag. —JIMI HENDRIX
J
immyHendrixwasafool.Hesaidsohim-
self.“IwasadisgracetomyScreamingEaglepatchthesamedayIleft FortCampbell.”Hendrixsquirmedwhenherecalledhisbehavioron thatlong-awaitedday;afterthirteenmonthshewasfinallyfreeofthe disciplineofmilitaryservice.“Ireceivedmydischargejustbeforethe FourthofJulyin’62.TheygavemeallthemoneyIhadcomingtome, alittleoverfourhundreddollars.ItwasthemostmoneyI’deverhad inmyentirelife.Anddoyouknowthekindoffoolyou’retalkingto? Thatfoolblewthatmoney,justfrittereditawayinaday.IwasMr.Big Shot,buyingdrinks for peopleI didn’tevenknow,loaning, giving— becauseIneversawadimeofitback—almostallofitaway.” Jimmywasinapanicforthenextfewdays,tryingtosurviveon theeighteendollarshehadleft,andthatincludedallthechange.If someone had accidentally dropped a fifty-cent piece on the sidewalk,hecouldn’twaittograbit.Hewasnotyettwentyyearsold,and herehewasinClarksville,Tennessee,facedwiththesameproblems he’d faced when he left Garfield High School. “Working odd jobs again,”hesaid. “I couldn’tbelieveI’d putmyself in thatsituation. I
SHARON LAWRENCE played guitarfor acouple of dollars here and there, justwaiting for Billytofinishupintheservicesowecouldgetsomethinggoing.” Butlifecontinuedtodrag,evenafterCoxwasdischargedinSeptember.ThetwomusicianstriedtheirluckinIndiana.Luckdidn’texist there. They headed back to Tennessee, to Nashville, and performedattheClubDelMorocco.JimmyandBillyalsofoundbrief employmentbackingupassortedrhythmandbluesartists.“Ineeded money,butIalwayswantedtolearn,alongwiththedough.Thebest gig,”Hendrixrecalled,“wasworkingwithCurtisMayfieldandtheImpressions.Curtiswasareally goodguitarist,buthewasthestar,and he thought I was flighty. I learned quite a lot in that short time. He probablyinfluencedmemorethananyoneI’deverplayedwithupto thattime—thatsweetsoundofhis,youknow.” Hendrix met a handsome young rhythm guitar player in Nashville—LarryLee—whowassupportiveofhistalentandhelpfulin manyways.Larrywasoneofthefewpeople,Jimmysaid,“thatIcould really talkto.” Falldeepenedintowinter.“Cold,homesick,andhungry,”Jimmy hustled a couple of free rides and took a series of buses more than twothousandmilesacrossNorthAmericatoVancouvertostayseveralweekswithGrammaNorainherapartment.Hemanagedtopick upafewbucks,sittinginwithagroupcalledtheVancouversataclub knownasDante’sInferno,andherefueledhisdeterminationto“be recognizedinthebigworld.”OnceagainJimmytookuphispersonal battlecry,“Don’tlookback!” He didn’t bother to hop the ferry from Vancouver to Seattle to visithisfather.TwotelephonecallstoAlHendrixhadbeenunsettling anddepressing.Aldidn’tsuggestthathecomehomeforavisit,nor didheencouragehissoninhismusic;hemadeitclearthathewished thatJimmyhadstayedinthearmy.“Hemademefeellikeafailure,” Jimmysaid.“AndofcourseIwas.ButIdidn’tplantostayone.” HeplayedandbusedhiswaybacktoNashville.HeandBillyCox werealwaystreatedwellattheClubDelMoroccoonJeffersonStreet; Hendrixremembereditastheirsteadiestjob.GuitaristJames“Nick” 28
Jimi Hendrix Nixon knew Hendrix in those days. “Jimmy’s music was almost like Delta blues with a little twist to it,” Nixon said. “A little ahead, you know.AtthetimeIdidn’tunderstandit.Alotofpeopledidn’tunderstand it. Jimmy thought we didn’t appreciate him. But that wasn’t right.Itwasjustbecauseweweren’tusedtoit.” Today Nixon is a respected guitar instructor and a member of the long-established New Imperials band. Thinking back on his friendship with Hendrix, he commented, “I didn’t necessarily listen to a lot of Jimmy’s music. And at that time it would have never occurredtomethathewouldbecomefamous.WhatIbasicallydidwas runaroundwithJimmy,youknow.Wewereallveryyoung—Jimmy, BillyCox,andme—justhangingout,havingagoodtime.” Jimmy’s education as an artist and performer continued. Most importanttohiminthisearlypartofhiscareerwas“listening,listening, listening. I learned more hearing blues players at clubs and on the radio in Kentucky and Nashville than I ever did in Seattle,” he said.Still,Jimmycouldn’tmakealivinginNashville.HeandBillyhad met George Odell there, a man who made his money on the road backing up assorted singers and playing a set or two with his own band. “They called him Gorgeous George,” Hendrix said. “He was a character from the get-go. He wore a fancy silver wig and flashy clothes.Billywasn’ttoosureabouthim,butIhadnothingtolose.I joinedhisbandforawhilein’63.” In the next couple of years, Hendrix crisscrossed America with assorted rhythm and blues bands on what has long been known as the “chitlin circuit,” a network of black clubs and theaters in big citiesandtinycountrytowns.(Chitlins,orchitterlings,arepigintestines,consideredadelicacyincertainsouthernandblackcircles.)He backed up such popular artists as Jackie Wilson, Sam Cooke, King George, and Wilson “Wicked” Pickett and appeared with no-name bands that fizzled out and musicians he soon forgot. Jimmy finally had to face the fact that therewas no futurefor him on thecircuit. “Themoneywasnowhere,andIsawguysgettingoldjusttryingtoget by, backing up anybody for the bucks whether they liked them or 29
SHARON LAWRENCE not.”Throughitall,despiteincreasingfemaleattention,hefeltanintense, abiding loneliness. He sent postcards to his father, trying to create a connection that really wasn’t there. He missed Leon and wonderedifhewasstill“fosteredout.”“IfIwasgonnabeinacityfor afewdays,I’dputtheaddresswhereIwas,”hesaid.“SometimesDad wrote me back. He sent me ten dollars once and five bucks a few monthslater.But henever offeredme a busticket tocomeback to Seattleforalittlebreak.Icouldn’tbringmyselftobeg,couldn’tbear the idea that he’d make me admit that I just wasn’t cutting it. My true—thetruestcompanionIhadwasmyguitar.Iwouldpracticeuntil I fell asleep. I slept withit many nights, quite naturally to keep it frombeingstolenandbecauseitwasallIhad—untilthenexttimeI pawned it for money to eat on.” In the army Jimmy had become strongandfit.Onthestreetshelostweight;hebecame“tooskinny,” andhisstomachwasneverfull. Jimmy turned twenty-one on November 27, 1963,and he long rememberedhowhopelesslifeseemedtohimonthatbirthday.Five days before, John F. Kennedy had been assassinated in Dallas. “A greatmangonejustlikethat.IalwaysadmiredKennedyandsawhim asspecial.Icriedforhim.Iwasbroke.Iwasno-count.ButIcriedfor himandmaybealittleforme.Kennedywasborntoaccomplishimportant things. I had accomplished nothing. I had to do something aboutit.” Fourmonthslater,withafewdollarssaved,Jimmysummonedup hisnervetotakeonNewYorkCity.Hedidn’tknowasoulthere,andhe felt fearful about how he would fare, as he bused his way across the country. When he arrived, he headed straight uptown to Harlem. “It was awful when I first laid eyes on Harlem. Huge rats. Freezing-cold tenements. Harsh voices. Scary-looking people screaming in the streets. Drawn knives flashing.” He heard about the famous Wednesday-nightamateurcontestattherenownedApolloTheateron 125thStreet,whereformorethantwenty-fiveyearsmanyoutstanding entertainersfromdiverseethnicbackgroundshadgottentheirstart.“I won first place,” Hendrix said. “I was thrilled! That applause was for 30
Jimi Hendrix me.Theygavemetwenty-fivebucks.Itseemedlikeafortune.”Thereis norecordofwhatmusicheplayedthatnight. Themoneywassoonspentonthenecessitiesoflife.Afriendofa friend introduced him to the Isley Brothers, and he joined their backup band. They treated him well, and he recorded on several tracks,mostnotably“Testify.”EdSalamon,lateranillustriousfigure in radio broadcasting, was about fourteen years old when he attended a white teenage dance club known as Club Geiant in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, circa 1964. “This was the Brentwood area on BrownsvilleRoad,andthereweremorethantwohundredkidsatthe clubthatnightdancingtotheIsleyBrothersband,”herecalls.“Iwas an R&B fan, and I noticed this guitar player who was quite compelling. I’d never seen anyone so extreme—he outdid Bo Diddley! It wasn’thisband,andhewasn’tastar,butRonnieIsleywasallowing him to express himself. This young player, Jimmy Hendrix, made quiteanimpressiononme,andthenextdayatschool,Icouldn’tstop talkingabouthim.” JimmyalsoplayedonDonCovay’shit“HaveMercy.”“Iwasfrustratedalloveragain,”hesaid,“because itlookedlikeIwouldnever riseabovebeingamemberofsomeoneelse’sband.” Hewentthroughaperiodofdeepdepression;theideaofending upaloserwastearinghimup.“SomedaysIfeltthatIwaslosingmy mind.I’dtriedeverythingIpossiblycould.” “When I was a teenager,” he said, “I never would have believed thatwhenIleftSeattleandbecameanadultintherealworld,I’dstill beprayingforthesolesofmyshoestolastjustalittlelonger.”Jimmy hadconvincedhimselfthathismusicianshipwouldleadtogreatopportunitiessoonafterheleftthemilitary,andhe’dbeenwrong. Hendrix toured with Little Richard in two separate stretches of time;hismemorieswerelessthanglowing.“Hestillowesmeeleven hundreddollars,”Jimmysaidin1968,addingbitterly,“andIneeded thatmoneysobad.”WhileheadmiredLittleRichard’sshowmanship andhisimpactonrockandroll,workingwithhimwasadisillusioning experience.Hesaid,“WhenIworeanewshirtwithsomefrills,hehad 31
SHARON LAWRENCE a fit and screamed, ‘I’m the only one who’s allowed to be pretty!’ ” Jimmy suddenly launched into a scary imitation of an angry Little Richard:“ ‘Hendrix,youbedeaf?Yougitrido’thatshirt,boy!’There were always problems,” he declared. “I wanted to quit. His brother wantedtofireme.” Musician Ellen McIlwaine recalled, “The first time I ever saw Hendrixwasin1965inAtlantaattheRoyalPeacock,backingupLittleRichard.WereferredtohimasDylanBlackbecauseBobDylanwas theonlypersonweknewofatthattimethathad[his]hairpuffedout. Hendrix’swasn’tnatural.Itwascurledandpuffedout.” In many respects 1965 was Hendrix’s worst year. One positive aspect, however, was his songwriting. Jimmy had steadily concentratedonteachinghimselfhowtowritesongs,lyricsaswellasmusic. Unlike many black players, he paid full attention to contemporary whitemusic,and,ashesaid,hewas“diggingit,”especiallyanother guywithanoriginalsound—BobDylan.Hefeltbetterthefirsttime heheardDylan’ssong“LikeaRollingStone.”Jimmyboughtthealbumandcarrieditaroundtoplayonotherpeople’srecordplayers. “It made mefeelthatI wasn’t the only one who’d ever felt so low. I’m talking about the chorus, you know.” Slowly, he recited the wordstome: “Howdoesitfeel Howdoesitfeel Tobeonyourown Withnodirectionhome Likeacompleteunknown Likearollingstone? . . .” His voice momentarily vibrated with remembered anguish. He knew exactlyhowitfelttobeonhisown.“Itfeelssoawfulthatit’sbeyondwords.” Jimmy told me that he’d carried around scribbled lyrics, phrases,andmusicalthemeswrittendownonmotelnotepads,cheap 32
Jimi Hendrix stationery,andnapkinsstuffedinaduffelbag.Someofthesequick noteswouldlatersurfaceasmemorablesongs. Forexample,inhishardscrabbleyearsgoingbackandforth,up and down, across a country even more vast than it appeared on a map,he’dwrittenonabus-ticketenvelope“HighwayChile . . . You’d probablycallhimatramp. . . .” He noticed the way he was observed by “normal people.” His odd,wornclothes,therun-downheelsandholesinhisshoes.“Isaw strangerslookatmewithscorn,”hesaid. Thewayheemphasizedtheword“scorn,”hiseyestightening,it wasapparent thatthesemoments hadbeencrushing. A tramp?No, thiswasnothisdream. During this year Jimmy met three people who would affect the rest of his life in highly negative ways—Curtis Knight, Edward Chalpin,andDevonWilson. Curtis Knight, born Curtis McNear, a small, ambitious young black man with a huge gift of gab, was a good if not great guitar player; he and his band,the Squires,played a motley assortment of gigsaroundtheNewYorkCityarea.WhenheranintoHendrixinthe lobbyofacheaphotelandtheyspokeofguitarsandJimmy’sexperienceonthechitlincircuit, Knight almost immediately decided that hewouldusehiminhisgroup. A New York drummer active in the 1960s club scene later said aboutKnight,“Curtislovedmusic,buthehadtoomanyotherthings goingon.It’snosecretthatCurtiswasapimp,alsoonehelluvahigh talker,abasicbullshitartist.”Severalmusicianswho’dbeenusedand burnedbyKnightfilledJimmyinonhim.Still,Hendrixdidn’thavea choice.HeworkedwithCurtisonandoff,strictlyforthemoney. “Juggy” Murray, a well-connected figure in R&B music circles, signed Jimmy to a two-year recording contract with Sue Records in July1965,butnothingcameofit.Jimmy’sruleofthumbwastocheck inweeklywithanyonelikelytohelpfindhimwork.“Ibelievehetried, butJuggydidn’tcomeupwithanythingforme,”hesaid. Inthefallof1965,CurtisKnightintroducedHendrixtoEdward 33
SHARON LAWRENCE Chalpin,ashrewdmusicentrepreneurwithanofficeandatinytentrackrecordingstudioatBroadwayandFifty-firstStreetintheheart ofNewYork’smusic-businessdistrict.OntheeveningofOctober15, EdChalpinwalkedfourblocksfromhisofficetoJimmy’stackybudgethotelandpresentedtwenty-two-year-oldHendrix—whohadneither the opportunity nor the funds to seek legal advice—with a one-pagerecordingagreement.ForChalpin’stokenpaymentofone dollar, Hendrix affixed his signature, agreeing that he would “produce and play and/or sing exclusively for PPX Enterprises, Inc. for three(3)years.”ThecontractsaidthatJimmy“shallreceiveone(1) percentofretailsellingpriceofallrecordssoldforhisproductionefforts, minimum scale for arrangements he produces.” Clause 6 stated, “Jimmy Hendrix shall playinstrumentsfor PPXat no cost to PPX Enterprises, Inc.” The agreement did not specify anything beyond the “one per cent of selling price” that Chalpin would give to Jimmy.The“onepercent”wouldbringHendrixlessthanapennyfor each single sold and perhaps a total of three cents for an album, whichthengenerallysoldforapproximatelythreedollars.Hesawno moneyfromthisagreementinthenextyear,andhistimeinthestudio with Ed Chalpin was minimal. “The sessions we did do were focusedonCurtis,”Jimmysaid.CurtisspokeoftenofEdChalpin“asmy managerandadviser”overaperiodofyears.Hendrix,however,never hadamanager-clientrelationshipwithChalpin. HendrixplayedintermittentlywithKnightattheCheetah,aspaciousdiscothequeonBroadwayandFifty-thirdStreet,bankrolledby several Frenchmen. He was using the name “Jimmy James” these days,thelastnameinspiredbyoneofhisfavoritebluesmen,Elmore James. LonelinessandlackofmoneycontinuedtohauntHendrix.Ashe evolvedintoatall,slimadultpossessedofacharming,shysexappeal greatlyenhancedbyhisprowesswithaguitar,Hendrix’smostnurturing moments were those offered by young women who desired to protect and help him in any way they could. Joyce . . . Fay . . . Rosa Lee . . . Kim—these were among the names he mentioned to me as 34
Jimi Hendrix “girls who believed in me, fed me, gave me money.” His tone was matter-of-fact,buthiseyesweredowncast.Hewasashamed. For many months Jimmy dressed in black, “partially because it didn’t show dirt.” He nightly washed his one and only pair of black pants.Therewerenumerousoccasionswhenhecouldn’taffordnew underpants,hesaid. Inlate1965abeautifulgirleyedJimmyataNewYorkclub,and, ashesaid,“Ieyedherrightback.”DevonWilsonwasaslim,beautiful,andtroubledblackgirlwhohadlefthomeinherearlyteens.She wasdrawntoexcitingpeopleinglamorousplaces,andbyagesixteen Devon was supporting a new and expensive lifestyle as a call girl in LasVegas.Afteracoupleofrun-inswiththelaw,shemovedtoNew York City. Hendrix told me that Devon was the one who had introducedhimtoLSD,alsotoavarietyofpills.Hisdrugusageuntilthat point had been irregular and minor, and Jimmy, while attracted to Devon,didnotencourageasteadyrelationship. “Devonhadalotofcontactsinhighandlowplaces,”amember ofherinnercircleinthelatesixtiessaid.“Shecouldscoreanykindof drug you wanted to buy. She looked like she could easily become a successfulmodel,butDevonnevergotheracttogether.Shehurtalot ofpeople,includingherself.”
J
immy joined King Curtis, a divinely talented saxophone player, in early 1966. Curtis was in demand for important record sessions,
particularlyatAtlanticRecords,andhehadhisownband,theKingpins.“IhadtobequicktopickupwhattheKingwanted,”Jimmyrecalled, “and I think I did a pretty good job. Cornell Dupree, a very pureplayer,wasonleadguitar.Bernard‘Pretty’PurdieandRayLucas alternatedasdrummers.ChuckRaineyplayedbass,great bass.They were the classiest musicians I had ever played with. I did some recordingwiththem,too.” Surely,Hendrixtoldhimself,thisassociationwouldbehishuge 35
SHARON LAWRENCE break.Nowhe had opportunitiestomeetrespected record producers, who undoubtedly would pay attention to his ability, his special sound. “Not bragging,” he said of his high hopes then, “but I was greatlyimprovedfromthewayIwasplayin’in1963.Somenights,I sweartoyou,Ijustsizzled!” Everyone in New York music circles knew that King Curtis workedwithonlythebest,butalthoughsuccessful,respectedmajor record executives and producers listened to Curtis’s current lineup onstage and in the recording studio in early 1966, the undeniable factwasthesemenneverconsideredJimmyasapotentialstar;later on, Hendrix was to smile tightly when told, “I always knew you’d makeit!” AlthoughthiswasaperiodofescalatingsocialchangeinAmerica,segregationstillhelditsowninmanypartsofthecountry.Inthe recording industry, as in many others, blacks had been frequently taken advantage of, particularly financially, and this would not change overnight. Five years later, leading record labels began to considergroomingNegroperformerstoappealtowhiteaudiencesas wellasblack.Butinearly1966,Hendrixwasstrictlyabackupmusician;helackedstandingtoattracttheattentionofexperiencedmanagerswhocouldfindhimdeals,givehimartisticadviceandsupport. “IrememberseeingHendrixplay . . . severaltimesin1966,”anoted whiterecordproducerrecalled.“NowaycouldIhavesoldhimtomy label,butIdidrecognizehispotentialasamusician.Still,Inevervisualizedhimasastar,nordidIthinkofhimasaguywhocouldwrite powerfulsongs.TomehewasjustanothermusicallyhipNegrowho happenedtopossessagreatsmile.I’mnoracist;IcouldsayIfeltthe same way then about plenty of white kids who were after a record deal. For me it’s always about coming across a hit song. If Hendrix hadbeenplayingahottune,youcanbetIwouldhavejumpedongetting the rights. He’d have been paid fairly, but I would have had to givethatsongtoawhiteartisttobreakitbig.” Hendrix left the Kingpins after four months. It simply wasn’t a situationwherehecouldstandout,andhehadcometobelievethat 36
Jimi Hendrix being“outfront”wastheonlywayhe’dgaintherecognitionhewas struggling so hard to achieve. “I got to the point where I’d rather makeafoolofmyselfthannottry,”hesaid.“It’ssoriskytryin’tobe different,tryin’tochaseyourdreams.”Hepickedupothergigswith the ever-ingratiating Curtis Knight and also with Carl Holmes, a Philadelphiasoulsinger.AlAronowitz,thenwritingawidelyreadmusiccolumnintheNewYorkPost, remembersseeingJimmyplayagig at the Cheetah in April 1966. “I’d never seen anything like him,” Aronowitzsays.“TherewasapointwhereIcouldn’ttakemyeyesoff him.” AsJimmybecamemorefamiliarwithManhattan,asopposedto onlyHarlem,hedecideditwastimetocease“justlookinginthewindow” at Manny’s Music on West Forty-eighth Street—all those guitarsbeckoningtohim.Onedayhefinallysummonedupthenerveto stepinside.Hecarefullyinspectedbothacousticandelectricguitars. Eventuallyhebecameafamiliarfigureinthisguitarmecca;thesalesmen, several of them fine musicians, themselves, liked him and his sounds and allowed him to play assorted guitars. Their encouragement prompted Jimmy to check out Greenwich Village, a two-mile walkdownSixthAvenuefromManny’s.Itwasthebohemiancharacter—and characters—of the Village that offered him renewed hope for a true breakthrough. No one stared at the tall, slim, pale young black man with his guitar slung over his back. “People treated me good in the Village,” he said. Timidly at first, he walked around the narrow streets, peering into the windows of the coffeehouses that servedashangoutsforthelocalswhoplayedchess,readpoetry,discussed Beat writers, gossiped, and listened to the music of the “folkies” who populated the area. “One of the first places I set foot in,” Hendrix said, “was the Café Wha? Dylan had played there early on.SoofcourseIhopedthey’dletmeplaythere,too.Itwasalittle dreamofmine.” Nearhislatestcheaphotel,he’dmetMikeQuashie,arenowned Trinidadian limbo dancer at a spot on West Forty-fourth Street knownastheAfricanRoom.Quashiewasawell-knownfigurearound 37
SHARON LAWRENCE the New York club scene. “Mike’s a colorful guy,” Hendrix said in 1969,“inthewayhedressesandinhisownspecialwayoftalking.He was groovy about loaning me money or asking if I had a place to sleep.Iwasalwaysonthelookoutforafloororasofatofallaparton inNewYork,especiallyifitwasanywhereremotelyneartheVillage.” Hendrix added quietly, “The day came when I was able to repay his helpandhisdollarswithinterest.” Another“Jimmybeliever”wassaxophoneplayerLonnieYoungblood.Hendrixrecalled,“Ilearnedalotaboutplayingguitarfromthe wayLonnieplayedtenorsaxandthetonesheproduced.Healsowas averygoodfriendtome.” Youngblood remembers Hendrix as “inspiring.” “Jimmy was a phenomenalmusician,”hesaid.“Hehadadepthandadeftnessthat went far beyond an ordinary guy, you know what I’m sayin’? The depth of your structure creates a different thing, and Jimmy happenedtohavethat.Irememberonenightwhenwewereworkingat theLighthouse,theBroadwayclubintheWestSeventies.Iwantedto play something different. I wanted to play ‘Misty,’ and I hoped that wascoolwithhim,becauseIdidn’twanttoputhiminastrangesituation,sincewe’dbeenplayingalotofstraight-outR&B.Hesaid,‘Go ahead,man.’Isaid tomyself,Thisisgonnabeinteresting,andsure enough it was interesting, because Jimmy played the hell out of ‘Misty’!Ifeltitwasunbelievablethatthisguycouldhavesuchadedication and love for blues and such an ability that he could go and take his playing into a whole ’nother genre and create such a great rendition that the people there that night loved it!” The sax player treated Jimmy as a brother. He kept an eye on him, bought him an amplifier,and madesure theperenniallylateHendrixgottogigson time. Lonnie and his wife helped him pay his weekly hotel rent. YoungbloodwasoneoftheraremeninJimmy’slifewhomhecould countonandwhowasn’tlookingforanythingfromhim. In1966,shortlybeforeHendrixbrokeawayfromCurtisKnight, hemetReginaJackson(notherrealname),ateenagerunawayfrom Minneapolis. Jimmy recognized that the sixteen-year-old Regina, a 38
Jimi Hendrix fledglingprostitutewithseveralarrestsonherrecord,wasnomatch forthedangersofthelow-downlifeinNewYorkCity.Justasmostof his“chicks”hadshownconcernforhimandhisbeaten-downdreams and miserable lifestyle, Jimmy attempted to perform his own good deed.Nowhe tookontheroleofnurturer;iftherealitiesofNewYork onzerodollarsadayhaddevastatedhim, thisbigcitywasabsolutely noplaceforateenagegirlfromtheMidwest.HetoldmeherepeatedlyurgedReginatoabandonthestreets—“Shewasheadedforterrible trouble.” They lived together for a short time in two different inexpensivehotelsintheTimesSquarearea.IgnoringJimmy’sheartfeltadmonitions,shesoonwasarrestedagain,andthistimesheleft New Yorkin a hurry to avoid jailtime. The headstrong Regina, who wasintheearlystagesofpregnancy,movedsoquickly,infact,that shecouldn’tfindJimmyJamestosaygood-bye.
F
or some time Hendrix had been “fooling with an idea about a bandofmyown.FirstIwasthinkingofcallingittheRainflowers,
butIwentwithJimmyJamesandtheBlueFlames.”Thatsummerhe and a changing cast of fledgling musicians played a short string of
gigs in the Village. Here he unveiled his own versions of two songs that would serve him well in the future, “Hey Joe” (written by Billy Roberts)and“WildThing”(writtenbyChipTaylor). Already Jimmy, ever the hapless juggler of female attention, hadcaughttheeyeofayoungEnglishwomanwhowastoserveasa vitalcatalystinhiscareer.LindaKeithfirsthadbeencaptivatedby Hendrix’s guitar-playing antics at the Cheetah; now the English modelspenthereveningsinGreenwichVillagewatchingJimmyand thevariousdifferentBlueFlames.Keithwasclosetobeautiful,stylishlydressed,withgreatlegsandshiny,well-cutbrownhair.AformercoffeehousewaitressintheVillagesaidofKeith,“Youknewby lookingatherthatLindawasamodel,andsheseemedtoknowall kinds of important people. We heard that she was Keith Richard’s 39
SHARON LAWRENCE girlfriend, but she definitely was crazy about Jimmy James. Every time she dropped in, she was telling someone about how talented he was, how he was going to be somebody. That British accent of hersjumpedoutinasmallroom.Shehadtobetheclassiestwoman IeversawaroundJimmy.” LindaKeithknew musicandwasconvinced,shetoldJimmy,that hisdestinywastobeagreatstar.Shesanghispraisesrelentlesslyto everyEnglishmusiciansheknew:“You’vegottoseeJimmy;he’sfabulous!”Shetoldthehusbandofherbestfriend,Sheila,RollingStones mentor Andrew Loog Oldham, about Jimmy, believing that this hip “tastemaker” would sign him up, but Oldham didn’t react with the fervorshehadexpected.TheStonesthemselvesturneduponJuly2 toseeJimmyperformatOndine,apopulardiscothequeonEastFiftyninth Street. The Stones flipped for Jimmy’s guitar sound and his unique onstage persona. Rolling Stone Brian Jones became a major fanfromthatnighton,andinthecomingmonthsJonestreatedHendrixbetterthanhedidalmostanyoneelsearoundhim.TheStones’ approvalvalidatedLindaKeith’sfeelingsthatHendrixcouldbeastar. OnJuly5,LindaKeithranintoChasChandler,bassplayerforthe Animals,oneofthefirstbandstotourAmericaaspartoftheBritish Invasion.Chaswaswelloversixfeet,big-boned,pudding-faced,with light blue eyes and a sleek short haircut. He was no more than a mediocrebassplayer;still,hewasafoundingmemberoftheAnimals and had toured extensively and played on all their hits—including “HouseoftheRisingSun,”“BringItonHometoMe,”and“WeGotta GetOutofThisPlace.” WordhadgottenaroundthatChaswassplittingfromthegroup. He was the first to admit that he wasn’t a great bassist. Plus, he’d madelittlemoney,duetotheskewedbusinessstrategiesoftheAnimals’ manager, Michael Jeffery, who always looked out for number one.Chaswasthinkingthesedaysthatrecordproductionwaswhere therealmoneywas,andherewasLindaKeith,whomadmittedlyhe barelyknew,ravingaboutJimmyJames. Chas showed up at the Café Wha? at the corner of MacDougal 40
Jimi Hendrix and Minetta streets just hours after his chat with Linda, to see for himself. Like the Rolling Stones, he, too, immediately recognized Jimmyas“veryspecial,”andhewasexcitedthatthishotguitaristwas playing“HeyJoe,”asonghe’dheardbeforeandthoughtwasfantastic.Chandlerfeltsostrongly that hesaw thecombination of Jimmy Jamesandthat songasagoodomen. Chandler introduced himself as soon as Jimmy finished his set, speakinginahuskyGeordieaccent,completewithrollingr’s,commontotheNewcastle-on-TyneregioninthenorthofEngland,where he’dbeenborn.“Itriednottogetexcited,”Hendrixrecalled,“butI wasthinkingabouttheAnimals’hitrecords,whichIliked,andthinkingthatthismight beagoodconnection.Iwastryin’tobecool,but Chaslaidonthecomplimentsinthatthickaccentofhis.Imean,he raved tillIwasgettingembarrassed;hewascrazyabouttheslowversionof‘HeyJoe.’HeevenseemedtolikethewayIsangit.I’dreally nevertalkedthatlongtoanyonequitelikehimbefore,beingEnglish, hip tothebluesandall. HetoldmethatI’d behearingfromhimas soon as he finished up with his band. I didn’t see him again for six weeks.” IntheintervalJohnHammondwasappearingattheGaslighton MacDougalStreet,aVillageclubwhereBobDylanhadintroducedhis powerfulsong“MastersofWar.”SeveralmusiciansmentionedJimmy James in such glowing terms that Hammond hurried to check him out.Althoughinhisearlytwenties,Hammondwasalreadyanauthorityontheblues,whichheplayedandsangwithpassion.Hammond wouldsay,“Jimmyamazedme.Playingleft-handedandupsidedown on a Strat, he was brilliant. And offstage he was a sweet and essentially humble guy who took great joy in music. I recognized him as one of a kind.” Almost immediately they did some rehearsing, and HammondinvitedHendrixtojoinhiminperformanceattheCafeAu GoGoonBleeckerStreet. Hendrix’sfacelitupwhenhespokeofHammond.“Heplaysand singswithsomuchfeeling,”hesaid.“WhenIcametoknowJohnny Hammond, I found out that he was not only handsome but that he 41
SHARON LAWRENCE ownedhandsandfingersandasouljustmadetoplaytheblues.Heis oneofthenicesthumanbeingsIhaveevermet.Johnisagentleman, andhetreatedmelikeone,too.” WhenChasChandler,nowanex-Animal,returnedtoNewYork in early August, he immediately began searching for Jimmy James. Flustered because Jimmy had moved out of his cheap hotel and the deskclerktherewascluelessastowherehe’dgone,Chasheadedfor GreenwichVillage,poppinginandoutofthecoffeehousesandclubs. Someone told him thatJimmymight be getting something together with Johnny Hammond. Chas knew that Johnny’s father was the renownedColumbiaRecordsproducerJohnHammond,whohaddiscoveredandnurtured,amongmanyothers,BobDylan.“Iwascursin’ at the thought that I’d lost Jimmy,” Chandler said. Chas headed for the Cafe Au Go Go. “I was worrying it over,” he said. “What if Mr. HammondwasonhiswaytosigningupHendrix?”Hebreathedasigh ofreliefwhenhespottedJimmy,whosaid,“Whenarewegoingtoget serious?” ThenextafternoonChas,accompaniedbyacolleague,dropped intotheCafeAuGoGototalkbusiness.ChandlerspiedJimmysitting against one of the club’s redbrick walls, inspecting someone else’s acoustic guitar. He introduced Jimmy to Animals manager, and Chas’s future business partner, Michael Jeffery, a brown-haired, “straight”-appearing Englishman of medium height, with keen eyes framed behind the nerdy, businesslike glasses that he always wore. JefferyhadnotheardJimmyJamesplaybefore,nordidheaskJimmy toplayforhimthen.Jefferywastheresimplytocheckout“thelook” ofthisunusualcharacterthatChashadpraisedtotheskies.Inamatter of minutes, he was whispering to Chas, “He could be the black Elvis!” Ellen McIlwaine, who had moved up to New York from Atlanta andwholaterwouldbecomeknownforhertalentasaslideguitarist, happenedtobesingingandplayingpianoattheCafeAuGoGo,where she’d recently met Jimmy James. Ellen remembers Chas Chandler’s visitstothe Au GoGo: “WhenJimmy wasfirst talking to theEnglish 42
Jimi Hendrix guys,heintroducedme.IheardChandlertellinghim,‘Comewithme toEngland,andwe’lldothisandthisandthat.’Jimmywantedtoknow ifhecouldtakeanyoftheBlueFlameswithhim.Chandlersaid,‘You don’t need them. I’ll put a band together for you in London. And the name Blue Flames has to go. We have our own Blue Flames in England.’ ” JimmylistenedtoallthatChandlerandJefferyhadtosay.There was discussion of his real name and of changing the spelling of his nametothemorefanciful,eye-catchingJ-i-m-i.Hendrixbrieflymentionedtherecordingagreementthathe’dsignedwithEdChalpinalmost a year earlier, and also the agreement with Sue Records. “Not legal,” said Jeffery. “You had no representation of your own. Don’t worry.I’llhandleit.” Chas didn’t especially admire Jeffery as a person; after all, the Animals were perennially grousing that Mike cheated them. But he didappreciatewhatJefferyhadaccomplishedwithhislife—hewasa manofwealthandproperty,andheknewhowtotalkbusinesswith music executives and lawyers. Chas really didn’t know any other managers that he felt would takehim seriously; he believed that he couldlearnfromMike,butmainlyhefeltheneededhimasbackupto getHendrixofftheground. JimmysignednothingwithChandlerorJefferyatthistime.However, in mid-August—still never having seen Hendrix play guitar— MichaelJefferyopenedanaccountinthenameof“JimiHendrix”in theBahamiantaxshelterknownasYameta,thathehadestablished earlyin1966.Hendrixwasnottoldofthis,norwashemadeasignatoryontheaccount. “IntheVillagesceneatthattime,”EllenMcIlwainesaid,“there was a lot of sitting around and playing together, a certain camaraderie.Jimmyinfluencedmeasfarasusingtheguitarasavoice,and howtomakesoundeffectsonaguitarinthreeeasylessons!Hejust diditwithaguitarandanamp.Hereallydidn’tneedallthosegimmicksthatbecamepopularlater.Ilovedtowatchhim.” As much as she appreciated Jimmy’s talent in the summer of 43
SHARON LAWRENCE 1966,Ellenwasstartledtoobservehiscompetitiveside:“Heplayed withJohnnyHammondandreallyjustblewhimoffthestageonpurpose! And then he still wanted to play on my sets, and I thought, ‘Ooohareyoukidding?I’mgonnaaskyou tostabmeintheback?’But he didn’t do that to me. And in retrospect I realized that John was enoughofafriendthatheallowed Jimmytoexpresshimself.Itwasan actofgenerosity.” ChasenjoyedobservingtheaudienceatseveraloftheHendrixHammondgigs;thewarm,excitedresponsereinforcedthenewmanager’sdeepbeliefinthetalentofhisstar-to-be.Nomatterhowlate Chashadbeenupthenightbefore,hisdaysweredevotedtotaking careofthefuture.HepaidoffSueRecords—itrequiredlessthanone hundred dollars—to be sure the small company would have no furtherclaimsonHendrixasarecordingartist.Hewasdelightedthathis meagerofferwasreadilyaccepted.IttookChandlerlongertogethis wayinSeattle.Hespokewiththevital-statisticsbureautherenumeroustimesinthesearchforacopyofJimmy’sbirthcertificate;thefact thatAlHendrixhadchangedhisson’snameconfusedtheissue.Chas dealtwithlawyers,askingforhelpinrushingthroughHendrix’sfirst passport,andhecontendedwithJimmy’sskittishnessaboutgetting thenecessarysmallpoxshot.ChasliterallyshovedhimintokindlyDr. Meyerhoff’sofficeonWestFifty-seventhStreet,whereJimmyclosed hiseyeswhilethedeedwasfinallydone. Morethanfouryearshaddraggedbysincehe’dleftFortCampbell, so confident he’d soon be recognized in “big-time circles” for hismusicaltalent.Itdidn’toccurtoJimmythathewasnaïvelysetting himselfupfordisappointment,disillusion,poverty,sleeplessnights, and the aching dismay of regularly pawning his guitar to stay alive. Timeandtimeagain,hedroppedtohiskneesandprayedtoGod.He had wept and struggled and picked himself up one more time, still waitingfortheday—asbluesmanWillieDixonhadwritten—that“the worldwannaknowwhatthisallabout.” Johnny/JimmyJimiwasready.
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PART TWO
London, Paris, the World!
CHAPTER FIVE
Thrilling Times
T
he passport for James Marshall Hendrix
camethroughthemorningofSeptember23,1966.Chaswastedno time;byearlyeveningheandhisfirstdiscovery/clienthadarrivedat JohnF.KennedyAirportonLongIslandandwerewaitingimpatiently to board the Pan Am flight. Accompanying them was Terry McVay, roadmanagerfortheAnimals,ahardworking,no-nonsenseNewcastlelad. Chasfeltexcitedandnervous,andhisideasforlaunchingHendrixkepthismindracingontheflightover.Chaswassurethatevery greatmusicianinLondonwouldfreakoutoverJimithewayhehad— that wasthekeytomakingHendrixhappen.Findingarecorddealwas essential.Heknewhehadtogetdowntobusinessstraightawayand create instant luck. If things were to drag out, the whole mindblowingimpactofHendrixandwhathewasallaboutmightbelost. Chaswasobsessed,andhisneckwasstuckoutalltheway. Seated beside him, Chas’s discovery had his own thoughts. JimmyHendrixandJimmyJamesweregone. Forevermore,thename wouldbeJimi!HendrixamusedhimselfandasmilingChasbywriting
SHARON LAWRENCE thenameoverandover.“Chasalwayslikedtobelievehe’dthoughtof it,” Jimisaidtomein1968. “Actually, thatspellinghadcrossed my mindbefore;I’devenuseditacoupleoftimesinNewYork.”Onthe plane they talked and talked about how important it was to make everythinghappenfast.Nothinggoodhadeverhappenedquicklyfor Hendrix before. In the back of his mind, he figured that at least he wasgettingtheopportunitytotravelinafirst-classseat—whichwas a big deal to him—and a chanceto see, maybe even meet, the best Englishguitarplayers. McVay quietly but firmly helped smooth the way with Her Majesty’s customs officers, and he carried Hendrix’s white Stratocasterthroughthecheckpoint.Jimi,asanAmerican,wascautioned thathecouldnotworkonthistrip,andhisshinynewgreenpassport wasstampedaccordingly. AssoonastheyleftHeathrowairportthatmorningandheaded intoLondon,Chas,sensitivetoJimi’sconcernsabout“fittinginwith Englishmusicians,”decidedtoputhisfearsatrest.Theydroppedin at Zoot Money’s house on Gunterstone Road in West London. Zoot (realnameGeorgeBruno)wasawarmhearted,outgoing,talentedorganistin the Jimmy Smith tradition, with his own rhythm and blues musicalaggregation,TheBigRollBand.ZootgreetedChasandHendrix,complimentingJimionhishair,whichstoodoutfromhishead like a full, dark, slightly wiry dandelion, an effect achieved with rollers.ChasproudlyexplainedtoZootthatJimihadcreatedthisstyle himself,modelingitafteraphotoofBobDylan. Zoot immediately offered them cups of strong English tea with milk.Hendrixhadlandedinawelcomingwhiteworldwheremostmusicianswere“goodmates.”ZootwaseagertohearJimiplay,declaring that“anymateofChas’sisamateofmine!”Hishomewasconstantly alivewithmusic;heandhiswife,Ronnie,rentedsmallflatswithinthe large house to musicians, and by noon that day Jimi was playing a whiteTelecasterthatZoothadborrowedfromAndySummers,oneof his boarders and also the guitar player in the Big Roll Band. (Later SummerswastogainrecognitionasamemberofthePolice.) 48
Jimi Hendrix Chas grinned with pleasure watching Zoot’s enthusiastic face whileJimiplayedacoupleofoldbluessongs,thenmovedintoaRay Charlestune.JimismiledtohimselfashegotusedtotheTelecaster. Zootwaspassionateabouttheblues,andRayCharleswasamonghis personalheroes.Chaswasproudthathe’dthoughttostopinatZoot andRonnie’s.Zootwasimmenselypopular,absolutelytheidealpersontohelpspreadthewordabouthisamazingAmericandiscovery. ThateveningChasandhisSwedishfiancée,Lotta,broughtJimi into the heart of London’s West End to one of Chandler’s favorite clubs, the Scotch of St. James. Opened a year prior, the Scotch was the most glamorous of the Swinging Sixties clubs and the midnight headquartersforestablishedpopstars,aspiringpopstars,andpretty girlslookingtoattractstatusboyfriends.Itfeaturedbagpipesonthe walls,plaidlampshades,andwaitersintartanwaistcoatswhoserved upendlessroundsofscotchandCoke,consideredtobetheBeatles’ favoritedrink.The“FabFour,”whentheydroppedby,relaxedintheir ownreservedbooth,completewithaspecial“Beatles”plaque. Jimihadneverbeeninsuchafineclubbefore.“TheScotchwas classy,”herecalled,“andcomfortable.”Hewassure,though,thathe wastheugliestpersonevertowalkthroughthedoor.Hewishedthat he had some decent clothes, and he was self-conscious about the scattered acne spots and scars on his face, which he religiously washed with a special cleanser. He had felt vaguely better when someone in the Village told him that Bob Dylan had acne, too. Jimi played guitar for a few minutes that night, and everyone stopped talking, joking, and carrying on to listen, to actually listen. “They seemedtolikemequitealot.Ifeltoverwhelmedinsidethatthiswas reallyhappening,”hesaid.“WhenIwaswallowinginmiseryinNew York, I’d imagined moments like this. But, quite naturally, I never couldhavedreamedthatitallwouldhappeninLondon,England.” Chasmadesurethatwell-knownsinger/pianistGeorgieFame— leader of England’s Blue Flames—was at the club to meet Hendrix. Georgie and Zoot Money, too, were great “mates,” known for their appearancestogetheratLondon’sFlamingoClub,whereFame’sen49
SHARON LAWRENCE semblewasthehouse bandforseveral years.TheFlamingowasthe site of many legendary late night “rave-ups” in which Georgie and Zoot unleashed their powerful voices, soulful keyboard talent, and blazingenergy. That night Zoot and Ronnie Money brought along nineteenyear-oldKathyEtchingham,oneoftheirtenantsintheGunterstone Road house. “She was good-looking, with lots of hair and big, bold eyes, a very confident chick,” Jimi said. They latched on to each other.KathyalsowasnewtoLondon,butsheknewherwayaround.It waswellpastmidnightwhenEtchinghamfoundataxiandaccompaniedHendrixtothemodestlypricedHydePark Towers,whereChas hadbookedasingleroomforJimionatemporarybasis.Afewdays later,shegaveupherplaceatZootandRonnie’shouseandmovedin withHendrix. Although Kathy Etchingham was Jimi’s first English girlfriend, shecertainlywasnothislast. On September 29 two significant events occurred in the lightning-quickcreationofJimiHendrix.ChasandJimistartedholdingauditionsatBirdland,atrendybasementclubintheheartofPiccadilly. A thin, twenty-year-old guitarist from Kent named Noel Redding showed up. He’d recently returned from the Continent, wherehewasalreadyaveteranoftheexhaustingGermanclubscene asamemberoftheBurnettes,latertobeknownastheLovingKind.“I thought I was following in the footsteps of the Beatles,” Noel recalled,“gettingmestartinGermanyandallthat.Pullthechicks,play endlesssets,takepillsinsteadofsleep—isn’tthathowyoubecomea star?” AtBirdland,Noelmadeitclearthathewasaguitarplayer,and Jimi made it equally clear that he needed a bass player. “James was soft-spoken,allmumblyandwhispery,really lookingmeover,”Noel said. “He ran down a few chords. We messed with ‘Hey Joe’ and a coupleofsoulnumbers.Iwasaquicklearner.Hendrixsmiledonceor twiceatthesoundwewerestartingtoget,andhelookedatmeagain. ‘I like your hair,’ he said. ‘And your shoes.’ Jimi actually looked like 50
Jimi Hendrix hell,exceptforhiscurls.Hewaswearingthisdismaltannishraincoat. Like Bogart gone bad, if you know what I mean. I thought he was a goodplayer.Theleft-handedthingwasquiteinterestingtome,butI didn’tsussoutthatdayjusthowgoodhewas.” Whenhe left Birdland, Redding wasn’tsure ifhehadthe gigor not. Withinhalfanhour,JimiknewthatNoelwouldberightandsaw itasaplusthatReddingwasaguitarplayer.“Hepaidattentionwhen Ishowed himthebass sound Ineeded;itdidn’t takemuchexplaining,”Jimirecalled.“Hishairwasalittlefreaky—alight,curlyversion ofmine.Thiswasgood,becauseIbelievedthatit wouldjustbetoo weird for someone that looked like me to be onstage with English boys with gentlemanly haircuts. Noel was amusing; he made me laugh.Hisspeakingvoicewasfullofinterestinglittletones.Hewore cool-lookingsquare-toedbootsthatday.IwishedthatIwaswearing them!Always,infact,Noelworegreatbootsandshoesthathepicked outspeciallyinLondon.Peoplejustdonotrealizehowimportantthe rightshoesareonstage.Notonlyforlooksbutalsoformovingeasily, comfortably.” That evening at one of the Beatles’ favorite clubs, Blaises, locatedinQueensGateinthebasementoftheImperialHotel,Jimisat in with the Brian Auger Trinity. Auger, a stirring organist, and his band—including guitarist Vic Briggs, whom Hendrix was to rememberas“areallykindhearted,supportivecat”—impressedJimi.Auger wasgenerous,too,tellingChasandJimithathewas“alwayswelcome tositin.” European pop idol Johnny Hallyday—the “French Elvis,” as he was known in England—was in the audience, considering Auger’s group to open for his major concert at the Olympia music hall in Paris. An added musical bonus at Blaises was this American fellow bursting with sound and spirit, even playing guitar with his teeth! WhenHallydaylefttheclub,hewasquitepleasedwithhimself;he’d actuallypickeduptwosupportactsinanhour—theBrianAugerTrinityand JimiHendrix,acompleteunknownwithnoband. 51
SHARON LAWRENCE PeteTownshendandJeffBeckwatchedHendrixshowhisstuffat Blaises on another night. “These were thrilling times for me,” Jimi said,“thrilling. JeffBeck,atrulygreatguitarist,listeningtome.IrememberPetecomingtoseemeplayatseveralclubsinthebeginning. I think I was cool with them. But I probably came off like an idiot when I wasn’t playing. It was a lot to take in, and getting the right bandtogetherwasmakingmenervous.Quitenaturally,ithadtobe tight.Wehadtoagreeonsongs.Writesongs.Learnsongs.Rehearse. Rehearse. Rehearse. And at the moment all I had was a maybeprobablybassplayer.Andnodrummer.” Jimi and Chas weren’t the only ones eager for a band to be assembled.KitLambertandChrisStamp,too,werewaitingwithgreat anticipation to become integral parts of the Jimi Hendrix launch. These young Englishmen, co-managers of the Who, were well connected.Lambert’sfatherwasthebrilliantEnglishcomposerConstant Lambert. Stamp’s brother, Terence, was becoming an important screen actor.Kit andChris werepopularand respected members of themusicscene,andtheiropinionscountedagreatdealinLondon. ChrisStampexplained,“KitandIsawJimiforthefirsttimejustafter he’darrivedinLondon.ChashadbroughtJimi’roundtoaclub,which probablywastheScotch.Hendrixwasn’tactuallymeanttoplay,but he got up and jammed with the band. He had a special look about him.Ilovedhisfaceandhishair.Itwasjustthedynamicthatgotyou. A band was playing, and suddenly there was some other enormous thinghappening.Thewholethingwasabouttenminutes.That night, right, we went up to Chas, knowing him only as a bass player, and said,‘Thisguyis . . . well,wewanttomanagehim!’Chassaid,‘Mike, our manager, is already managing him with me.’ So we said, ‘Well then, we want to produce his records!’ Chas said, ‘I was thinking aboutdoingthat. . . .’Wesaid,‘We’rethinkin’ofstartingarecordlabel.’‘Oh,really,’Chassaid.‘Well,I’dlovetotalktoyouaboutthat!’ Chaswaslookingformoney,butourlabel,whichwewerethinkingof namingTrackRecords,atthemomentdidn’tevenexist.” JimiwantedAlHendrixtoknowthatitappearedhisluckhadfi52
Jimi Hendrix nally turned. He impulsively managed to locate his father’s latest telephonenumberinSeattle;theyhadn’tspokeninquitesometime. ButAl,reactingasmanyparentsmighthave,wasaghastthathisson was calling him collect late at night from five thousand miles away. HeaccusedhimofstealingthemoneytoflyfirstclasstoLondon.“I supposetomydad,”Jimsaid,“Englandseemedlikeanotherplanet. Hemademefeellousy.Ialwaysregrettedmakingthatcall.” Chas had let it be known that he’d like Hendrix to sit in at Cream’sLondonPolytechnicconcertonOctober1,averyimportant showforthenewlyformedtriomadeupofthehighlyrespectedmusicians Jack Bruce on bass, drummer Ginger Baker, and guitarist Eric Clapton.Thatnight,attheuniversityhallinRegentStreet,Jimimade hisfirstpublicappearanceintheUnitedKingdom.Eric,eversensitive and a gentleman and already aware of Pete Townshend’s and Jeff Beck’s praise for Hendrix, agreed that he should play a song of his choiceeventhoughGingerandJackhadmixedfeelings. Privately Jimi had dreamed of a dramatic musical showcase in LondonsincethefirsttimeheandChashadtalkedinNewYork.Now he took full advantage of the situation and of another band’s audience,acrowdwhohadpaidforticketstoseethreegreatEnglishmusicians—not some American stranger. Hendrix, playing his white Strat, performed a dazzling, lengthy version of legendary bluesman Howlin’ Wolf’s “Killing Floor” while a coolly triumphant Chas stood offtothesideofthestagewithClapton.“Ericactuallyturnedpale,he was so overwhelmed by Jimi’s talent,” Chas said. “He could hardly talk.” For Clapton, acknowledged as the finest guitar player in England since his previous work with the Yardbirds and John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, hearing Hendrix stretch out this way was a startling, threateningmomentintime. Hendrixsaid,“WhenIthinkback,itseemsso pushythatIwould havebargedintosomeoneelse’sshowthatway.IcanhardlybelieveI treatedClapton—aheroofmine—withsolittlerespect.Icanstillrememberseeingoutofthecornerofmyeye,aglimpseofhimwatchingmethatnight.IknewIwasbeingrude.ButatthetimeIhad toget 53
SHARON LAWRENCE moving.SoIdid.”Hiseyessparkledatthememoryashespoke,and he added, “Youknow that I love EricClapton. My ideaof happiness would be for the two of us to play together for hours one day, one night, one week! Just grooving away on every song that comes into ourminds,ourfingers . . .” WithindaysaftertheCreamgig,Hendrixbeganrehearsingwith NoelReddingwhileChashuntedfordrummers.AynsleyDunbarwas verymuchintherunning;still,whenChasheardthathispalGeorgie Fame was making changes and that John Mitchell was out as the drummerfortheBlueFlames,hegotintouchwithMitch,ashewas knowninmusicalcircles.Mitchell—thin,blond,withaspecialcharm about him—was just nineteen. He was poised, a show business veteran.Asachildhehad attendeddramaschool, acted ontelevision, andwasevenatalentedtapdancer.Nowmusicwashisgreatpassion. Chas and Jimi went back and forth, back and forth between AynsleyDunbarandMitch.Theyhad tomakeadecision;theHallyday tour was starting the next week. Chas was frantic about rehearsals; there could be no screwups. He said, “We all thought Aynsleywasgreat.Mitch,too.Weactuallyflippedacointodecide.It cameupMitch.” “Chas knew that Georgie Fame would never have put up with anything less than a good drummer, but I was not at all sure about Mitch,”Jimirecalledtome.“HehadplayedwithNoelandmeseveral times,butIfeltlikesomethingwasmissing.Iwasdeadwrongabout him,becauseitturnedoutthatMitchwasalittlemonsterondrums. He really put out onstage in our first gigs. I’d be up front, and suddenlymyearswouldpracticallystandtoattention.Mitchwasallenergyandprecision. “AnotherthingaboutMitch,”Jimisaid,“isthathewastheone whointroducedmeto JimMarshall,whowas notonlyan experton drumsbuttheguywhowasmakingthebestguitarampsanywhere. MeetingJimwasbeyondgroovyforme.Itwassucharelieftotalkto someonewhoknowsandcaresaboutsound.Jimreallylistenedtome
54
Jimi Hendrix thatdayandansweredalotofquestions.IlovemyMarshallamps;I amnothingwithoutthem!” TheSohoareainLondon’sWestEndwastheheartofthemusic business. A variety of restaurants, strip clubs, private gambling rooms, record shops, and pubs catered to a diverse clientele in this oldbohemianquarter.MichaelJeffery’sofficeonGerrardStreetwas identified as ANIM
LTD. on the door, since it was the official London
headquartersoftheAnimals.There,onOctober11,1966,Jimi,Noel, andMitchsatdownforaspecialmeetingwithJefferyandChandler. At the age of thirty-three, Michael Frank Jeffery, a native of South London, had built himself a successful business career. He ownedclubsinNewcastleandSpain,afairamountofrealestate,includingahouseinLondon;asthemanageroftheAnimals,he’dmade hundreds of thousands of dollars. He knew how to be charming, when to be intimidating, and his timing was dead-on for moments thatrequiredanairofabsoluteauthority.Atvarioustimeshewould imply that he had been or even still was part of British Intelligence. Therewerethosewhowouldtellyou,inhushedvoices,“He’saspy, you know.” Of course, these people were mostly easily impressed musiciansandhangers-on.Otherhushedvoicesthenandlaterspoke ofJeffery’smysterious“gangsterconnections.”JefferydiddohisNationalService.HespenttimeinEgypt,andhewassaidtospeakfluent Russianbutthedetailsofhowandwhywereneverfullyexplainedto themusicianshemanaged.Onedidn’tjust suddenly startup nightclubs on a shoestring, and Mike was ever evasive, refusing to be pinned down to the specifics of how he became an entrepreneur. LateritturnedoutthatMikeJeffery’sgreatesttalentwasinknowing howtostrikewhenhisclientsweremostvulnerable. But today, as Jimi, Noel, and Mitch sat listening to the agreementbeingreadaloud,Mikedidn’thavetoworkathisvictory.The new band was desperately eager to record, to tour, to make money andhaveagoodlife,thequickerthebetter.Theseven-yearcontract gave Michael Jeffery and Bryan James “Chas” Chandler complete
55
SHARON LAWRENCE controlofthetrio’sfuturerecordings,andtheirsongwritingandpublishing.Thewordingofthisagreementwasheavilyweightedregardingrecordsasopposedtocareermanagement.Themusicianswould splitapproximately21⁄2 percentrecordroyalties;thevastmajorityof the profits, if the group was successful, would belong to Chas and Mike.Littlethoughtordiscussionwasgiventothepossibilityofthe newband’sbecomingabig-grossingtouringactinternationally.The meeting and the signatures took only a few minutes. In time there wouldbeotherlegalagreements. Eyesrolledthateveningaswordcirculatedinamusic-bizpubin Sohothatitwasofficial;Chaswas actuallypartneredwithJefferyin managing the new group. “Bloody hell!” exclaimed the barman, a crony of the Animals, well acquainted with their complaints about Jeffery.Offtherecord,aformerassociateofJeffery’sinhisclubbusiness told a reporter for one of the music weeklies, “Jeffery’s just signed up more lambs to the slaughter. And Chas, of all the lads, knowswhatJeffery’slike;he’smadeaterribledecisiontoletMikein onthegroup.Hewill besorry.”Coldwords,yes,butnooneeverdisputed that Michael Jeffery did do one great thing for the band—he dreamedupthenametheJimiHendrixExperience. Music entrepreneur Don Arden, who created great success in EnglandforsuchAmericanartistsasGeneVincent,JerryLeeLewis, Little Richard, and Sam Cooke, knew Michael Jeffery only too well. Hisson DavidArden summeduphisfather’s opinionofJefferysuccinctly:“MichaelJefferywasanarsehole!” Other lawyers and managers associated with pop talent had mixed feelings as to whether Hendrix and his “instant group” really could get off the ground in the international market. When Jeffery wasoverheardcomparinghimselftoBrianEpstein,thedevotedmanager of the Beatles, the knives came out. “Brian is honest and decent,”saidanEMIRecordsexecutive,“twowordsthatcouldneverbe associatedwithMichaelJeffery.” JimihimselfrecalledlaterthatJefferyhadtoldhim,“Ihavemore experience than Epstein. You’ll see.” Hendrix said, “All I knew was 56
Jimi Hendrix that these were businessmen, and you had to have representation. ChasintroducedmetoJeffery,andthatwasthat.” Despite all their assurances to Jimi, Chandler and Jeffery were strikingoutintheireffortstosecureamajorrecorddeal.Theywent firsttoDecca,whoturneddownHendrixas“lackinginlong-termpotential.” Meanwhile, Chris Stamp and Kit Lambert were moving ahead with their plan for Track Records. “What clinched it,” Stamp remembers,“wasChasandMikeinsisting,‘Youhave togiveussome sortofmoney.’Noonewasgettingthesortofmoneythatbandsgot later on. Wedidn’t want to lose Hendrix, so we eventually came up withathousandpounds,andwepromisedthatTrackwouldgetHendrixonReady,Steady,Go!”ThistremendouslyinfluentialFriday-night television program showcased English and American pop musictalent—andotherinterestingyoungpeople“onthescene,”withguests rangingfromboxerMuhammadAlitorecordproducerPhilSpector. Theinnovativeshowwasassembledinahip,visualwaybyStampand Lambert’sgoodfriendsVickiWickhamandMichaelLindsay-Hogg. “WealsosaidtoChasandMike,”Stampcontinued,“andtheyalreadyknewthis,‘Look,we’rethebestsortofconceptpromotiongoing at the moment. In an overall management, conceptual way.’ ” Lambert and Stamp were already well recognized for their abilities anddistinctflair,qualitiesthatJefferyandChandlerdidnotpossess. “Chashadonlyjuststoppedbeingabassplayer,andMike,thoughhe hadbeenveryluckyandwasashrewdoperator,wasnotoperatingon the sort of level that Kit and I worked on. Jeffery was not the most imaginative fellow, but he was certainly ambitious and held out for thebestdeal.Probablybusiness-wisehemadeKitandmelookstupid,becauseweweren’tthatfabulousatbusiness,sotospeak.” InactualityStampandLambertwerefarfromstupid.Itwasonly amatterofweeksbeforetheygainedtheinterestofthegiantPolydor RecordsinfinanciallysubsidizingthelaunchofTrack. ThenewbandstarteditscareerattheNoveltyinEvreux,France, thenplayinginNancy.TheFrench,accordingtothecustom,satand watched,seldomapplaudinguntilthefinale.Forthemostpart,they 57
SHARON LAWRENCE liked this unusual trio. And Hallyday’s band gradually bonded with theExperience,inpart,asMitchMitchellwastoremember,“through apufforthreeonamarijuanacigarette.”Thesegenerallyconsistedof hashishmixedwithtobacco. Thetwobandstraveledtogetherinabus;Hallyday,agreatstar in France then and now, was driven separately in a sleek Aston Martin. “Johnnywasveryprofessional,oneofthebest-rehearsedentertainersIhadeverseen.ChasandIwatchedeverymovehemade,all his stage tricks. When and whyheslowed the pace down. How and whyhemovedclosertotheaudience,”Jimirecalled.“Hewasnever sloppy.Ever.Johnnywasveryalerttotheaudienceandtohisband. You could tell how determined he must have been from the beginningtobecomethisbigFrenchstar.Somuchthinking.Somuchrehearsal.” TheExperienceappearedwithHallydayinVillerupt,thendrove toParisthenextmorning.Theyneededtimetorehearseforthe“big show” at the Olympia on the evening of October 18. Jimi said that he walkedeveryinchofthestageandthroughtherowsofseatsinthe intimate hall, getting a sense of what was in store, thinking out the dramaticopeningheandChashaddiscussed.Afterseveralhours hequietlyleftthetheater.Hisnerveswereactingup,hewantedtobe aloneforafewminutesandgetasenseofthecity. HebegantostrolldowntheboulevarddesCapucines,makinga point ofnoticingthenameson street signs sohe could retrace his steps; as his landmark he just focused on the impressive Paris Opéra. “I wanted so badly to sneak inside that building that looks likethetallest,mostelegantbirthdaycakeanyoneevercreated,all gold on top. I wondered if they ever allowed guitar players on the stage.” This was what he had yearned for—the Big Time. Lucille’s baby boy Johnny in Paris,France, of allplaces. Unlikehismother, hehad pulledoffhisescapefromalifethatofferedlittle.Hendrixsaidofthis dayinOctober1966,ofhisexcitementandhisterror,“Evenme,with 58
Jimi Hendrix my big imagination, had never imagined any place so beautiful—a city with so much history that I wanted to know every single thing aboutwhathadhappenedthere,thekingsandqueensandrebellions andhowtheybuiltthecityandwhatkindofpeoplehadlivedtherein thepast.IwishedthatIcouldstoptimeandexploreallthosefantasticbuildingsforweeks.” It was cold and overcast; Jimi shivered in his cheap jacket. He keptwalking.“Forjustatinyminute,thegraydisappearedasthough I’dsnappedmyfingers.ThenexttimeIlookedup,therewasagracefultowerrisingintoaheaven-bluesky.I’llneverforgetthat.Ithadto bemagic,ithappenedsoquickly.I’dseenpicturesoftheEiffelTower before,butIdidn’tunderstandthatitwasart.” Hesawandwasimpressedbytall,ancientlampposts“decorated withatouchofgold.Iwantedtogetcloser,soIwalkedrightacross the river on this old bridge, just grooving away. And then, when I turned around to head back, in the distance were crystal fountains filledwithlight.Ilovedeverysinglethingaboutthiscity.Thehustle andbustle.Thetrafficandallthosehornssquawkingandsquealing. The smell of fresh roses in the air . . . that slightly funky fragrance thatturnedouttobechestnutsroastingincauldronsrightthereon thestreetcorners . . . tobaccoandtaxifumes.WhatIthoughtthen, whatItoldmyself,was,Finally, something’sthewayit’ssupposedto be.” Jimiwaskeyedupinanticipationofthefifteen-minuteslotwhen he, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding would perform as the leastknownopeningactontheOlympiabill.Hewasquitepreparedforthe reality that the French would be saving all their cheers for “Johnnee!”“WouldtheydigtheExperienceatleastalittlebit?”Jimiwondered.“Wouldwebetooloud?Couldweheareachotheronstage?” At rehearsalastagehandwhospokehaltingEnglish triedtotell him aboutallthestarsthathadplayedtheOlympia.Jimihadneverheard oftheFrenchsingersthemanmentionedbutknewtheywerespecial fromtheexcitementinhisvoice.“Hesangmebitsoftheirsongswith all those French words, figuring I’d catch on. It was sweet how he 59
SHARON LAWRENCE tried.ItoldhimIwantedtosaythankyouonstage,andIpracticedmy ‘mercibeaucoup’ onhim.Whatwasreallyamazingtomewasthathe told me that Bob Dylan had played the Olympia only a few months before. Quite naturally, this seemed like such a good omen. I just knew thatIwouldplayinParisagain . . . thattheywouldwant meto comeback.” Jean-Pierre Leloir watched Hendrix play that first time on the stage of the Olympia. Leloir, a young photographer who was to becomerenownedforhisimagesofsuchlegendsasRayCharles,Miles Davis,andCharlesMingus,wasallowedfullaccess—inthewings,on the stage, and in the dressing room— to candidly capture the new band’snerves,theirfocus,andtheirpersonalexcitementatperforminginsuchaprestigiousvenue. LeloirlaterspokeofthatOctobernight.“IwasshockedbyJimi’s wayofplaying,ofbehaving,onstage.ItwasratherlikewhathadhappenedtomewhenIsawColtrane,whenhecamewithMilesDavisin 1961forthefirsttime.Hendrix’smusicwasdisturbing.Different.He didn’t pay attention at all to the camera. I immediately felt that he wasgoingtobeimportant.” LeloirsaidthatasHendrixmadehisentrance,therewasasubtle intakeofbreathfromtheaudience.Whatwasthis?Theylookedhim over,listenedtothat“disturbing”music,murmuringtothemselves, “Ah,whathavewehere?” Mitch and Noel were already in place onstage. An announcer said,“Ladiesandgentlemen . . .”Theaudienceheardaflurryofmusical notes coming from the wings. Then again the emcee: “From Seattle,Washington . . .”Hendrixappears,wearingthebluemohair suitandwhiteshirtthatChashadinsistedupon,hisleftarmdramaticallyraised.Theaudiencereactsinastonishment,becausehisguitar continuestomakemusic,butitappearsthathe’snotplayingit.This was one of Hendrix’s early “tricks.” The set began. The songs were “KillingFloor,”“WildThing,”and“HeyJoe.” Leloir remembered, “He was like a butterfly on that stage. All movement.Natural.Completelynatural.” 60
Jimi Hendrix
D
eLaneLeaStudiosinKingsway,London,isthestudiowhereJimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding recorded together
for the first time, on October 23, 1966. Having worked there fre-
quently with the Animals, Chas was able to cut a good deal for the recordingofthedemoversionofwhatwouldbethefirstsingle,“Hey Joe”with“StoneFree”ontheflipside.Forthenextsix months, the grouprecorded—inbetweeneverygigtheycouldgettostayalive—at RegentSoundandOlympicStudios,withreturnvisitstoDeLaneLea. WhenHendrixhadanhourtohimselfandifitwasn’ttoocold, heenjoyedstrollingthestreetsofLondon.Parishadbeenbeautiful, dramatic,andsophisticated.“Londonfeltlikeastorybook,”hesaid. He loved the parks and especially the old churches with angels of stained glass. He gravitated to statues, taking the time to inspect themcarefully.Whenhecameuponabookstallonthestreet,heinspectedthebooks,too.Theydidn’thavemuchinthewayofscience fiction, which he was always hoping to find. Still, for as little as a shilling,therewerebooksofpoetry,someDickens.Heboughtaworn copyofDavidCopperfield.Jimisaid,“Ireaditonaplaneonetimeand started crying, it was so sad in parts. One of the things I liked most aboutLondonwasseeingwindowboxesfilledwithprettylittleflowers,eveninwinter.Ireallyenjoyedbeingaloneandgettingintouch withmyimagination,myactualthoughts.Musiccanbesuchanighttimething,andthewayIgrewup,Iwasusedtobeingpartofnature. It’sthatkidthingwhereyouwanttorunaroundandexploretheoutdoors.Orneedto.” Hendrix’s innate interest in words and sounds was enriched by his London life. “Words paint pictures in mymind. Now I see that I knewnexttonothingaboutsongwritinguntilIgottoLondon.Ihad ideasandphrases,butIwasuneasyabouthowtomakethewordsall hold together for an entire song,” he said. “In England I learned dozensofnewwordsandexpressionseverysingleday,whichopened upmywriting.Chaswassupportive,evenwhenhedidn’tknowwhat 61
SHARON LAWRENCE Iwasramblingonabout.Hegavemeconfidenceingettingmywritinggoing.” Hendrix found inspiration even in the BBC newscasts. “I heard big,impressivewordsspokensoproperlyonthetelly.I’llneverforget watching the news and a reporter speaking of ‘uncharted waters.’ Eversince,Ihavewantedtouse‘unchartedwaters’inasong.That’s lifeinanutshell!HearingEnglishspokeninEnglandwaslikeopening adoor. . . .”JimipickedupnumerousEnglishaccents,fromMayfair toCockneytoGeordie,andhewasdelightedbysuchexpressionsas “taking the mickey,” or “are you daft?” and even “bugger off!” His lifelong love of the radio now encompassed the silly, stupid, and wonderfulGoonShow. “IthinkthatSpikeMilliganmustbesomekind ofgenius,”Hendrixsaid.
W
hile Noel, Mitch, and Jimi constantly complained about tiny weekly salaries thatsimplycouldn’tbe stretched any further,
Mikewashisusualevasiveselfonthesubject,andalthoughhecould wellaffordtogambleontheirfutureprospects,hedidn’t. ChascameupwithagiginGermany.TheExperiencespentseveraldaysinMunich,playingmainlyforAmericanmilitarymen,along withacoupleofsoulbands.NoelspokeafairamountofGermanand knewhowtoorderfoodforthethreeofthem.JimilikedMunichbut wonderedwhatthehellhewasdoingbackinthesamekindofsituationhe’dleftintheStates.AroundthistimeanotherofNoel’sideas cameintheformofGerryStickells,“medrinkingmatefromKent.” NoelsaidthatStickells“wasamechanic,andhehadavantheband coulduse.Jeffery’sofficehiredhimtodriveus,lugtheampsaround, andgenerallylearnhowtobearoadmanager.”Noel added,“Gerry reallydidn’tcaremuchforourmusic.” A tremendously exciting idea had been burning in Chas Chandler’sbrainsinceshortlyafterhefirstmettheformerJimmyJames. Hedreamedofpresentingasmall,intimateeventthatnooneinthe 62
Jimi Hendrix Londonmusicscenewouldeverforget,theofficiallaunchofMr.Jimi Hendrixandhisnewband.Lunchtime“receptions”forpoprecording groups were starting to become a London tradition, and Chandler scrambledupthepoundnotestopayforwhatthepressjocularlyreferredtoasa“booze-up”attheBagO’NailsonNovember25.Noone understoodbetterthanChasthatthequalityoftheguestlistwasthe keytorevvinguppresscoverageandattractingseriousinterestfrom bookingagents. It was a risky dream, he knew, because what if he spent the dough and the music stars he was counting on—used to late hours and sleeping until afternoon—didn’t show up in time? Worse yet, whatiftheydidn’tshowatall?Whatiftheyforgotthedate?“Ifaked confidence with Jimi, Noel, and Mitch,” he recalled, “and worried meselfsick.”Thetransitionfrombassplayertoco-manager,impresario, and record producer was loaded with responsibility for Chas. HewasdeterminedtodorightbyJimi,togainstatusandsuccessby makingeventshappeninthebiggestandbestway,andtoavoidthe mistakeshenowevenmoreclearlyrememberedseeingMichaelJefferymakeinhismanagementoftheAnimals. Thiswinterdayturnedouttobeunusuallybeautiful.Theairwas crisp,butnaturehadprovidedoneofEngland’sfamous“sunnyintervals,” complete with blue skies. Gradually, the charming young princesofLondon’srockscenetroopedintotheBag,onKinglyStreet afewyardsfromCarnabyStreet.Itwasunlikelythatanyofthemhad ever set foot in the place during daylight hours before. Chandler needn’thaveworried.EricClapton.TheBeatles.TheRollingStones. Pete Townshend. Jimmy Page. And more. Tall Chas, towering over themall, was ecstaticas henoticed members of the press nodding, smiling, and scribbling down the high-powered names—“the lads,” asChasthoughtofthem.Itwasagoodpressassembly,byhisassessment. Not great. A couple of reporters for the “nationals,” as the daily newspapers were familiarly known, and writers from the allimportantweeklymusicpapers—NewMusicalExpress,MelodyMaker, DiscandMusicEcho, andRecordMirror. 63
SHARON LAWRENCE Thereweretwoother“lads”therethatday:fifteen-year-oldDan Kesselandhistwelve-year-oldbrother,David.Theywerebright,musically sophisticated boys, the sons of American guitarist Barney Kessel, who had beeninfluenced by Charlie Christian and was asuperb player revered in jazz circles as well as pop music, where he’d workedwitheveryonefromPhilSpectortoRickyNelson.TheKessel boys had heard about this special reception at the Bag O’Nails, and theypersuadedtheirfathertousehisinfluencewithafriendatPolydortogetthem intothe club.Theywereself-consciousabouttheir youth, but they knew how to radiate a certain cool; the boys had beenaroundfinemusiciansthroughouttheiryounglives.“Itwasthe mostexciting daythateverhappened!” Dan Kesselrecalled.“Tobe sittinginches awayfromall the greatest players in London.Our heroes.AndtoseeJimiHendrixforthefirsttimewasunbelievable.He wasfantastic!TheEnglishplayerswentnuts—theycheered,clapped, hooted,andhollered!” The forty-minute performance was ear-blastingly loud in the small club; there was no doubt that this was definitely a power trio, and Jimi’s flashy showmanship overwhelmed the audience. The set included “Like a Rolling Stone,” “Everybody Needs Somebody to Love,” and “Johnny B. Goode.” The guitar players in the audience wentnutsoverthatlastone.Wasn’tJimiHendrixtheverypersonification of Chuck Berry’s lyric? And then there was “Wild Thing.” “Amazinglycool,”JohnLennonwastosay.However,itwasprobably Jimi’sversionof“HeyJoe”thatmadetheafternoonalovefest.Allthe musicianspresentknew thatthiswouldbeahugehitonedaysoon. After their set Noel and Mitch wore expressions of disbelief when JohnLennonwasthefirststartoappearintheband’sdressingroom. “Grand!” he said. Paul McCartney was right behind him: “James, you’reawonder!”Jimigrinned,listeningattentivelytoeachwordof praisespokenbytherestofChas’s“lads.” Of course, the Kessel boys had to meet Hendrix, and their father’shelpfulPolydorfriendarrangedthat,too.“Hewasveryniceto us,” Dan said. “All these guitar stars dying to talk to him, and Jimi 64
Jimi Hendrix gaveushistimeandinterest.”Theirpathswouldcrossagain,andJimi alwaysrememberedthem. Attheendoftheafternoon,Hendrixwasrelaxedandhappyina wayhe’dneverbeenbefore,hesaid.Heradiatedjoy.“Jimi,youarea very attractive lad when you smile,” Chas said, turning on the full Geordieaccent,r’srolling.
O
nNovember27,1966,Jimi’stwenty-fourthbirthday,hehadno reasontofeelanythingbutoptimisticabouthisfuture.Henow
possessed an English work permit, he had acquitted himself well in Paris, his English musical peers worshipped him, and he was in the processofmakinghisownfirstalbum.Nolongerwasheconsidered “just a backup musician.” The life of Jimi Hendrix had dramatically changedwithinthespaceofameretwomonths. The week after the Experience had wowed the starry crowd at theBagO’NailsMikeescortedHendrixtotheMayfairofficeofsolicitor John Hillman, the architect of Jeffery’s Bahamian tax shelter, YametaCompanyLimited.“Jefferyhadalreadymentionedtomethat hewasputting togetherNew York headquarters,”Jimi recalled. “He talkedaboutaRolls-Royce,too.Iwasimpressed.HeandChasmade mefeelthoseofficeswouldbelongtome,tothegroup,too.Afterwe played Paris, Mike got excited about the good reports he heard. He said hewas inspiredwith several new ideas aboutwhathe coulddo formeinLosAngeles,includingfilms.Butmainly,tobeginwith,he wasworkingonabigAmericanrecordcontract.”ThisafternoonHillman and Jeffery presented Jimi with another legal agreement, this oneexclusivelytodowithhimasaperformerinallmediums;itcalled for Jeffery to receive a whopping 40 percent of Jimi’s gross performanceearnings,anextraordinaryfigurebyanyshowbusinessstandard. Jeffery explained that a part of that percentage could pay for possibletourexpenses.HillmantoldHendrixthatthese“taxdeductionscouldworkwellforYameta,”andhementionedthenameofSir 65
SHARON LAWRENCE Guy Henderson. “He was avery importantperson in the Bahamas,” Hendrix said, “and Mike told me that Sir Guy had helped start Yameta. . . . They also talked about how, if I did good in America, thatvariousBahamasaccountswouldsavemepayingtoomanytaxes andeventuallysupportmefortherestofmylife,”Jimisaid.Inthese earlyweeksofbeingtheleaderoftheJimiHendrixExperience,hewas gratefulfortheideaspresentedtohimthatday.TohearHillmanand Jefferyspeakof“success”and“earnings”madehimextremelyhappy. “Itallsoundedfirstclass!”hesaid. Jimi remembered that Chas was not present at this meeting. EventhoughheandJefferywereJimi’sco-managers,Jefferystillheld managementpapersonChasfromhisdaysasbassplayerfortheAnimals; that contract had not yet expired. Before Chas left the group, Jeffery had presented a similar glowing scenario to Eric Burdon and the band. Like Jimi, the Animals, too, had been excited to believe theywouldsaveontaxesbyvirtueoftheYameta“shelter,”andcould beassuredthatmoneywastuckedawayforthefuture. JefferydidnotofferHendrixtheopportunitytoseekoutsidelegal counsel or to discuss the meeting and contract with Chas. Hendrix raised the subject of Ed Chalpin, and Mike once again assured himthatthepaperhe’dsignedwithChalpin“couldbehandled.”This day’sagreementwouldseriouslyaffectHendrixintheyearstocome. Inthissameweek,atangiblerewardoftheadmirationfeltforJimi wasRingoStarr’soffertoloanHendrixandChandlerhisflatinMontagu Square.“Itwasroomy,withtwobedroomsandgoodlight.Iwaspretty sickoftheHydeParkTowers,andKathywasveryexcitedaboutmoving tosuchaclassyneighborhood,”Jimisaid.HefeltthatLotta,Chas’sdevotedgirlfriend,wasnotnecessarilypleasedaboutlivingwithanother couple, and he didn’t blame her. Lotta was kind to Jimi, even though she had to put up with endless hours of discussion about his career. “Lottaisaverysweet,quietSwedishgirl,asyouknow,”Jimisaid.“Sheis alady.AndIthinkthatnothavingmuchprivacywasroughonLotta.” Attheurgingof his girlfriend, andagainsthisownbetterjudgment,Hendrixvisitedhisex-employerLittleRichard,whowasinLon66
Jimi Hendrix don to perform at the Saville Theatre. Kathy was pushing to meet him.“LittleRichard’salwaysbeenabigdealinEngland,youknow,” Jimisaid.“I wanted to ask himfor all the money he owed me, but I wasembarrassedandonlymanagedtotalkhimoutoffiftybucks.It wasoneofthose‘howlowcanyougowhenyouneeddough?’situations.” The Experience’s first single, “Hey Joe,” written by Billy Roberts,wasreleasedonDecember16.Thatnight,thankstoStamp and Lambert and their television pals Vicki Wickham and Michael Lindsay-Hogg, the Experience was seen performing the song on Ready,Steady,Go! Thefirstnotesofthesonggrabbedmanyaviewer. So did the musical atmosphere of building menace, plus the topnotchplayingofthebrand-newband. TheuniquelookandattitudeofHendrix,Redding,andMitchell made them a talking point among RSG! fans throughout England. “What was that line about ‘gonna shoot my old lady’?” people everywherewereasking. As much as “the lads” admired “Hey Joe,” Jimi’s own song, “StoneFree”wastheBsideofthesingle,andthisquintessentialrock androllsoundwaswellappreciatedbyeveryguitarplayerinLondon. OnecouldsaythatitconvincinglystakedoutHendrix’sclaimtorock greatnessandboreoutthetongue-in-cheekphrasethatcametobe identifiedwithhim—“LetJimitakeover!” InastorydetailingthecurrentrecordchartsMelodyMaker soon declared:
H ENDRIX L EADS S TONES
IN
P OP S ONG R ACE
On December 26, Jimi, stting in a dressing room before showtimeattheUpperCutclubinLondon,finishedwritinganewsongentitled “Purple Haze.” He said, “It had been in myheadfor awhile. I wasn’tatallsurethatitwouldamounttoanything,butChaslikedthe openingriff.” TheExperienceventureddowntothecoasttoNoel’shometown ofFolkestoneonthelastdayoftheyear.Amodestlittlevenue,buta 67
SHARON LAWRENCE gigatStan’sHillsideClub,aftermuchhustlingfromNoel,broughtin fifty pounds. “It seemed like a fortune to Jimi and Mitch and me,” Noelsaid,“andIwasreallybuzzedtoshowthe localsthatitwas all happeningforme.”LatethatnightJimimetNoel’sgrandmotherand his adoring, outgoing mother, Margaret, who served up an impromptu hot supper. A blazing fire had been lit on this cold New Year’s Eve, and Jimi always remembered the evening as “cozy and happy.”Heenjoyedfeelingwelcomeinwhathetermed“arealfamily home” and was immediately comfortable with Margaret Redding. She treated Jimi with warmth and humor, as though they’d known eachotherforages.“Mumthankedhimforputtingmeinthegroup. She told him how pleased she was that they were spending New Year’stogether,”Noelrecalled.“OurJameswasathisbestthatnight, verysweetandmannerlytomymum.Icanstillpicturethemstanding by the fire laughing together. It’s one of Mum’s favorite memories.” Chas was full of high spirits this night. “Folkestone, London, Paris,theworld!”hedeclared,raisingaglasstoJimi.“You’vegotahit recordbloomingandmoreontheway!I’vekeptmypromise,mate!” Inaprivatemomenttogether,ChasappreciateditwhenHendrixsurprised him with a rarehug. “Thank you, Chas,” he said. “One other thing,Chas,”Jimideclared.“Nomoremohairsuits!”hesaid,smiling thatcharismaticsmile. “Our”and“we”ishowitwasastheyenteredaglorious1967.
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CHAPTER SIX
“The Best Year of My Life”
H
endrix is the most exciting, sexual, and
sensual performer I have ever seen,” Mick Jagger of the Rolling StonestoldtheBritishpress.HespokeforallJimi’smusicalpeersin early1967,who,openmouthed,watchedtheExperienceinactionat small, packed London venues, among them the Marquee, the Speakeasy,theUpperCut,the71/2,andreturnappearancesattheBag O’Nails. Jimi Hendrix was on his way to achieving a most elite acknowledgmentoffame—thestatusofbeingknownbyasinglename. InLondon,whenonespokeof“goingtoseeJimi,”nobodyneededto askpreciselywhothatmightbe.AttheclubstheBeatles,theStones, andtherestof“thelads”felthonoredwhenJimiacceptedaninvitationtojointhemattheirtables.Theywerebesottedwiththisfascinating figure. They admired his hair, his cheekbones, his smile, his cheap but imaginative clothes, his whispery voice, and the way his eyesshonewhenhelaughedattheir“Britishisms.” PennyValentinewasEngland’smostinfluentialreviewerofnew popsingles.HerwritinginDiscandMusicEcho wasspecificandpowerfully evocative. As Richard Williams was later to write in the
SHARON LAWRENCE Guardian, “She was the first woman to write about pop music as though it really mattered.” Valentine, a lovely young human being withasparklingpersonality,wasseenregularlyacrossEnglandonthe JukeboxJury televisionshow.TheBeatlesandtheStonestoppedthe listofherfans,everappreciativeofherreviews. In an unpublished excerpt from her journal, Valentine noted early in 1967 that “Hendrix appears at the Bag O’Nails in Kingly Street.Wegoalong.PeteTownshendisthereandEricClaptonisalmost unrecognizable. Just back from Paris, he looks like a slender Frenchmodwithacroppedhaircutandtight-fittingpastelcashmere sweater.BythetimeHendrixcomesonstage,thisclubissohotand full that condensation is running down the walls. Sweat is running downmybackasHendrixstartsthestamping,heavingintroduction to‘PurpleHaze.’‘Ican’tseehim,’Iwail.Iambeginningtofeelfaintin thecrushandwishthatIhadnothadthreevirulentlycoloredtequila sunrises. Someone lifts me up onto their shoulders so I can see the stage.Young,skinny,blackwithahaloofcurls,Hendrixholdshisguitarslunglowandslightlyawayfromhisbodybutmakesitroardefiantly, even though it doesn’t look like his fingers are moving. He finishes by getting on his knees and playing with his teeth. We are stunned. I have a momentary panic that Hendrix will electrocute himself. Pete and Eric have their mouths open but say nothing and Hendrixfinisheswithaflourishoffeedbackandwailinganger.When hecomesoffstagetotalktoTownshendandClaptonheissoshyand deferentialweallfeelbewildered.” ChrisStampandKitLambertcamethroughwithanofferforthe ten-week-oldExperiencetoappearatBrianEpstein’sSavilleTheatre inLondon,wheretheWhotoppedthebill.TheKoobasandThoughts weretwoothersupportingacts;thusJimi,Noel,andMitchplayeda short set and dreamed of headlining the bill “next time.” This gig kickedoffamostlyfriendlyrivalrywiththeWho. Still,theappreciationofacoregroupofrenownedmusiciansor atop-tenhitrecordin“HeyJoe”didn’tnecessarilytranslateintoan instant love affair when the Experience ventured outside London. 70
Jimi Hendrix Stillstrugglingtoexistontheirmeagersalaries,theyacceptedvirtuallyanygigChascouldfindinEnglandwhiletheywaitedforJefferyto deliveronhisearlierpromise:“You’llhavemoneyinthebank!” The Experience puzzled many provincial audiences. What on earthweretheseEnglishlads,ReddingandMitchell,doingonastage withthisexoticcreatureinthestrangeclothes?Whatwaswrongwith asuit?Whyvelvetpantsandflowery,feminineshirts?SeveralmembersofthepresshadalreadydubbedHendrix“theWildManofBorneo.” And how could this disturbing, flamboyant music with weird lyricsbeconsideredpop?Whateverhappenedto“LoveMeDo”? JimioncedescribedanExperienceshowataworkingmen’sclub: “WewereplayinginthisclubinthenorthofEngland,completelydifferentfromLondon.WhentheygotalookatNoel,Mitch,andespecially me, they didn’t know what the hell we were all about. You wouldhavethoughtwewerefromJupiterorSaturn.Someofthemen werewhisperingabout‘thenigger’andmakingreallyrudecomments about Noel and Mitch. We kept at it, and these guys eventually seemed to relax and pay some attention to the music. They really perkedupfor‘HeyJoe.’Afterwefinished,thisred-faced,bigbruiser typecameovertomeandsaid,‘Niggerboy,youhavemagicfingers.’ ” After Jimi recounted this story, he took one look at me and laughed.“Yououghttoseethelookonyourface,”hesaid.“Hemeant noharmcallingmethat.Andhegavemeagroovycompliment.”He lookeddownathishands.Hewasveryproudofthosemagicfingers. Hendrixpossessedanelevatedattitudetowardracialprejudice. “I’magainstlabelsofanykindexceptonpicklejars,”hesaid.“Iknow thatpeoplearejustpeople,whetherthey’regreen,yellow,black,or white. I am colored, and I’m Indian, and I’m this, and I’m that. If someonesays‘nigger’tome,aslongastheymeanitoutofignorance andnotfromcruelty,Igenerallydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.” OneofthemainlabelsattachedtoHendrixinhisgrowingpopularitywas“sexsymbol.”Hegrewsickofhearingit,butinthebeginninghewasflattered.Sexy,intriguingphotoscreatedattention,and HendrixwasdefinitelyinonChasChandler’songoingplantoattract 71
SHARON LAWRENCE presscoverage.OnstageHendrixdeliveredplentyofbodymovement, tongueaction,andmeaningfulglances.Notonlywashethatrarityof thetime,aleft-handedguitarplayer,buthisperformanceintheearly daysincludedplayingwithhisteeth,withonehand,behindhisback, andoccasionallyrollingaroundonthefloormidsong.Hesawitallas “puttingonashow.”“That’swhattheaudiencepaysfor,”he’dbeen told by Little Richard and the leaders of other bands in his chitlincircuityears.TheyhadkeptHendrixinthebackground;nowhe was theleader.“Iplayforthecrowdmostofthetime,butIliketothrow in something for me, too, and that’s about challenging myself with musicandforgettingthecircus.” “PurpleHaze”wasreleasedinEnglandonMarch17.Thissong, withitsmemorableintroductionandJimi’sdistinctivevoice,wasinstant magic for pop fans. From schoolkids and their parents to factoryworkersandthedebutanteset,“PurpleHaze”createdahostof newfansfortheExperienceandfurtherdocumentedtheviewofhis peersthatHendrixwastrulyoneofakind.Thissingleopenedanew doorinEnglishpopmusic. The month of March marked the beginning of constant travel; the band played club dates and appeared on radio and television in England,Holland,France,Belgium,andevenacoupleofnightsatthe Beatles’—and Noel’s—former haunt, the Star Club in Hamburg, beforereturningtoEnglandtoembarkontheirfirstofficialUKtour. In 1967, when he was asked by a newspaper reporter, “Do you thinkyou’resexy?”Jimiquipped,“Shoot,I’mnoEngelbertHumperdinck!”TheExperienceandHumperdinck,anunlikelycombination, had performed on the same tour package after Chas had pulled stringstomakeithappen.ThewildlypopularWalkerBrothersheadlined the tour, which also featured singer/songwriter Cat Stevens. Keith Altham of the New Musical Express amusingly wrote of the March 31 London show at the Finsbury Park Astoria, “Engelbert Humperdinck was smooth, suave and sophisticated and followed HendrixratherlikeDr.JekyllfollowingMr.Hyde.” Althamwentontonote,“TheJimiHendrixExperienceareamu72
Jimi Hendrix sicallabyrinth—youeitherfindyourwayintothesolidwallofincredible sound or you sit back and gasp at Hendrix’s guitar antics and showmanship,wonderingwhatit’sallabout. . . . ThefinaletoHendrix’ssetcameaboutwhenhisguitarburstintoflames,‘byaccident,’ weareassured.” Chaswaselatedwiththisandotherpresscoverageregardingthe “accident,” and he chuckled to himself and his mates at the fury shownbytheWalkerBrotherscampoveralltheattentionthatHendrix was getting on their tour. On a personal level, Jimi, though, got alongwellenoughwitheveryoneonthetour.Onenightontheroad whenHumperdinck’sguitarplayerdidn’tmakeittotheshow,Hendrix volunteered to help out the singer. He stood backstage and playedtheguitarpartswithappropriatestyleandvolume. WhenJimiwasn’tplaying,hewaslistening.Twoelementsalways mattered to him in London—hearing diverse musicians he’d never beenexposedtobeforeandjammingwiththem.EnglishbluesmastersJohnMayallandAlexisKornersanghispraises,andHendrixfelt unusually complimented by their interest. “They know much more thanIwillprobablyeverknowaboutplayin’theblues,”hesaid. The blues were one thing. Roland Kirk, the “multiinstrumentalist,” was another.Hendrix heardKirkat Ronnie Scott’s club, and he saw this brilliant, blind artist as a revelation. “Roland canplayeverypossiblekindofsax,”Jimiexplained.“Heisabletosing while he plays flute at the same time. I keep tellin’ you there’s no best,butImustalsosaythatRolandisaspecialmessenger.I’venever said that before about anyone!” He took a deep breath, his eyes sparklingasheadded,“And heiscompletelyunique.And wejammed together.And helikedmystuff!” Afterthetwocouples—ChasandLottaandJimiandKathy—had beguntothinkofRingoStarr’sflatashome,Chasgotthewordthatit wastimetomoveon;theneighborswerefedupwithtoomuchnoise, especially late at night. It was a busy time for Chas and Jimi, whose mindswerealwaysongigsandrecordingschedules.Chasscurriedto findanotherplacenearby.TheyallmovedtoaflatinUpperBerkeley 73
SHARON LAWRENCE Street. Chas asked Jimi to stop playing his record collection at top volumeandtokeepKathy’svoicetoacalmerpitch.Jimiapologized, tellingChas,“Shejustlikestoscream;shedoesn’tneedareason.”He said,“I’lltellhertodoheryellinginthepark.” ChrisStamprecalled“afavoriteJimimoment”thattookplaceat the Upper Berkeley Street flat. “We’d already recorded four or six tracksforAreYouExperienced? ChasandLotta,Jimi,Kit,andIwerein the Marble Arch apartment; I don’t remember anyone else being there. We were talking, just hanging out, probably rolling some spliffs,havingadrink,whatever.Theapartmentwasquitesmall,on the corner of Edgware Road. The TV is on. The record player is on. JimiandIaresittingplayingMonopoly,ofallthings. “Everyone’s talking. The music is playing. There’s traffic noise from Edgware Road. Everything is noisy. Loud! As I’m sitting there, every minute Jimi looks up and says something about a sound. Like thesound ontherecord . . . thesound oftheTV . . . thesound ofataxi outside.Alwayssomethingtodowithsound.AftertenminutesIstart torealizethisguyishearingsoundslikenooneelsehearsthem.He wasextractingthingsfromtheairinthisgreatbigpitcherofsound. HewouldmakeanoteofitandthengobacktoplayingMonopoly.He listenedlikewedon’tlisten.”ForJimi,always,soundwastiedinwith discovery.
J
ack Nitzsche, one of the truly innovative arrangers, composers, and producers of the Los Angeles music scene, was probably the
hippestmusicmanknowntoMoOstin,presidentofRepriseRecords, FrankSinatra’ssmallnewlabelatWarnerBros.inBurbank.Jackhad worked with Phil Spector among others, and he knew sound. When
Ostin, whose experience was in accounting, not music, needed a solidopinionontheworthofamusicalartist,hefrequentlypickedup the phone and called Jack. In the early spring of 1967, he told Nitzsche,“I’mhearingnothingbutravesaboutsomeoneinEngland 74
Jimi Hendrix calledJimiHendrix.Youknoweverybody.CouldyoucallMickJagger andaskhimwhatheknowsorthinksaboutthisguy?” LosAngelesproducerDennyBruce,aclosefriendofNitzsche’s, recalled Jack telling him, “Mick says, ‘Hendrix is the most exciting performer in the rock thing to hit London or anywhere.’ So Jack passed this on to Ostin. He was very helpful to Mo in the sixties as Reprisewasgettingofftheground.” ANewYorklawyer,JohananVigoda,wasinstrumentalinguiding Mike Jeffery to strike a very rich deal for the time, an approximate $125,000advanceplusasizablepromotionbudgettomarkettheExperienceinAmerica.TheagreementwasmadebetweenRepriseand Jeffery’sYametacompany. Repriseputout“HeyJoe”asasingleintheUnitedStateswhile on May 12, in England, Track Records released Jimi, Noel, and Mitch’s first album, Are You Experienced? Provocative and sensual bothmusicallyandlyrically,thealbumcertainlyfulfilledChasChandler,ChrisStamp,andKitLambert’sstrongfeelingsaboutHendrix’s long-termpotential.Criticsravedandpredictedafabulousfuturefor theExperience. TheExperienceplayedtheSavilleTheatreagainonMay7after the release of the single “The Wind Cries Mary.” In Disc and Music Echo, PennyValentinewrote, Ifyoucouldseeelectricity,itwouldlooklikeJimiHendrix. . . . Hendrixproved,ifproofwereneeded,thatthereisnootherexplosiveforceontheBritishpopscenetodaytomatchhim. He is a resplendent figure. Tall, snakelike in scarlet velvet suitandfrilledshirt.Hishairlikeablackhaloroundhishead, his guitar like another limb to be used with his body. . . . On Sundayhetoppedthebillforthefirsttimetoanaudiencewholly receptive, filled with Hendrix devotees, many of them looking morelikeJimithanJimi. And they were given what they asked for. The man has changed—he is now confident and entirely at ease. . . . [H]e 75
SHARON LAWRENCE showedthatheisnowfeelingmuchmoreathomewithhissuccess.Crackingjokes,talkingtotheaudience,treatingthemajoritylikelonglostbloodbrothers,knowingtheyknewwhatitwas allabout. . . . Jimi and the Experience went through “Hey Joe,” “Stone Free,”“PurpleHaze,”“WindCriesMary,”“WildThing,”“Likea RollingStone”withalmostindecentease. . . . BrianEpsteindidn’twaitlongtobooktheExperienceagain.Sunday, June 4, was a stellar evening, with crowds being turned away fromthesold-outperformance;thevarietyofsupportactsincluded Stormsville Shakers, the new and hot Procol Harum, the Chiffons, andDennyLaineandhisElectricStringBand.Thestar-studdedaudienceincludedmembersoftheBeatles,whojusttwodaysbeforehad releasedtheirgroundbreakingalbumSgt.Pepper’sLonelyHeartsClub Band. EpsteinandhisBeatleswereoverthemoonwhenJimiHendrix walkedoutonstageplayingthetitletrackasasurprisetributetothe “FabFour.”ThiswastheSwingingSixtiesatitsmostsuperb. AftertheshowBrianEpsteinhostedasupperpartyathishome; whentheExperiencearrived,PaulMcCartneyhimselfwasatthedoor towelcomethemin.Thegrouphadbeeninexistenceforonlysixand ahalfmonths,butalreadyanauraofexcitementclungtoeverything Jimi, Noel, and Mitch participated in—every record, every performance, every late-night jam. Epstein considered his party to be a kind of “farewell . . . good luck!” event for the Experience, soon to ventureintounchartedterritory.
T
he producers of an innovative California music festival courted boththeBeatlesandtheRollingStonestoheadlineaweekendof
musiconJune16,17,and18.Eachgroupdeclined.However,itwas PaulMcCartneywhomadethecalltosuggestthattheExperiencebe partofthebillandMickJaggeralsourgedthatJimibeinvitedtoMon76
Jimi Hendrix terey.“Thelads”feltthatthiscouldbetheperfecttimeandplacefor “their”JimitoreturntoAmericaandcauseacommotion! Thefestival, despite localcontroversy, was set fora fairground area, accommodating only three thousand people, in the historic town of Monterey, just ten miles south of Fort Ord, where Hendrix hadbeenstationedforhisfirstmonthsinthemilitaryin1961. Jimi,Mitch,andNoelwouldjoinanexcitingrangeofartists,includingOtisRedding,Simon&Garfunkel,RaviShankar,EricBurdon, theJeffersonAirplane,theGratefulDead,theWho,theMamasand Papas,andanewgirlsingernamedJanisJoplin. AstheExperiencepreparedtoflytoNewYorkandthentoMonterey, they received joyous news from Chas, who told them that Are YouExperienced? hadclimbedtothenumber-twospotintheEnglishalbumcharts.Jimiwouldreturntohisnativelandinanewincarnation— asamanofaccomplishment.Ifhisluckcontinuedtohold,hewould reinforcehisstarstatusatthesmallbutmightyCaliforniafestival.And luckyRepriseRecordswouldreallyhavesomethingto“promote.” The festival directors—Derek Taylor, John Phillips, Lou Adler, Donovan, Mick Jagger, Andrew Loog Oldham, Paul Simon, Smokey Robinson,JimMcGuinn(laterRoger),BrianWilson,andPaulMcCartney—createdafestivaltheme,borneoutinthestagebannerthatread LOVE, FLOWERS AND MUSIC, and they hired D. A. Pennebaker to film the
entire weekend. This foresight proved a masterstroke. Pennebaker’s 1965 documentary on Bob Dylan, Don’t Look Back, was admired by thedirectors,whovisualizedMontereyPop asasmallcinematicchronicle. Who could have guessed at the time that the movie would becomeaworldwidesensationandavaluablehistoricaldocument? PennebakerknewlittleaboutJimiHendrixexceptforwhatJohn Phillipshadtoldhim.“Johnsaidtherewasaguyhe’dseeninEngland whoplaysbluesandsetsfiretohimself!”Pennebakerrecalls.Hetold hiscrewtoshootjustonesongforeachperformerinordertosaveon filmcosts.Asmallredlightwaspositionedonthesideofthestage. “Wehadthesecameramenallaroundtheplace,andtheycouldsee theredlightwason,andtheyallknewthatiftheyshot,thenthere’d 77
SHARON LAWRENCE besomethingtoeditto.”DuringtheExperience’sperformance,the director said, “We all realized that Hendrix was so amazing that we justkeptonshootingeverythinghedid.” Thelightneverwentoff. MichaelLydonisoneofthedefinitiveauthoritieson themusic explosionofthesixties.AfoundingeditoratRollingStone andapassionate, perceptive writer, Lydon is the author of numerous books that focus on music, including Flashbacks: Eyewitness Accounts of the Rock Revolution and a superb biography of Ray Charles. He came to knowvirtuallyeverysquareinchoftheMontereyFairgroundsduring his days and nights covering the festival. This is what Lydon wrote aboutJimiHendrix: He is both curiously beautiful and as wildly grotesque as the proverbial Wild Man of Borneo. He wore scarlet pants and a scarlet boa, a pink jacket over a yellow and black vest over a whiteruffledshirt. . . . Dressedashewasandplayingwithasavage wildness . . . the act became more than an extension of Elvis’s gyrations. It became an extension of that to infinity, an orgy of noise so wound up that I feared that the dynamo who powereditwouldfailandfissionintoitsprimordialatomicstate. Hendrix did not only pick the strings, he bashed them with the flat of his hand, he ripped at them, rubbed them against the mike, and pushed them with his groin into his amplifier. And whenhekneltbeforetheguitarasifitwereavictimtobesacrificed,sprayeditwithlighterfluidandignitedit,itwasexactlya sacrifice:theofferingoftheperfect,mostbelovedthing,soitsdestructioncouldennoblehimfurther. “The audience was completely overwhelmed by Hendrix,” said JoelSelvinoftheSanFranciscoChronicle, longarespectedwriterand popmusiccriticandawalkingencyclopediaofBayAreamusicmemories.“Itwasanepic,historicperformance.” For Jimi, Monterey was “just wonderful! Wonderful! Our band 78
Jimi Hendrix wasgreat!NoelandMitchwereasexcitedasIeversawthem;afterwardtheycouldn’tstoptalkingaboutit.Itwaslikethebirthdayyou alwaysdreamofanditneverhappens.We’dhadafewblah-blahmomentsbeforetheshowwithPeteTownshendaboutwhowasgoingon last,butitallworkedoutforeverybody.”Whathemeantwasthatthe Who played before the Grateful Dead, and the Experience followed theDead—justthewayChasandJimihadhopeditwouldbe.“Iknew andtheWhoknew,”Chassaid,“thatthey’dbecrazytotryandcome onstageafterJimi.” TomDonahue,adiscjockeyattheSanFranciscoFMradiostation KMPX,deservescreditforhisroleinrevolutionizingAmericanradioat thistime.Byplayingalbumcuts,producingliveradiobroadcasts,and utilizing the airwaves as a true public service to listeners, Donahue founded“underground”radio.Hishipnesswasaninstrumentalfactor inhelpingthecareerofJimiHendrixtakeoffbefore aswellasafterthe Monterey Pop Festival. Donahue had been playing Experience tracks for several months prior to the band’s appearance onstage at Monterey.SanFranciscoareafanshiptothe“newmusic”couldn’twaitto attendthefestival,andoneofthemust-seenamesontheircollective listwasJimiHendrix.However,therewereothersintheaudiencewho knewnothingofHendrixandwererestless.Atfirst. “The Experience arrived in San Francisco a day after their appearance in Monterey,” Joel Selvin explained. “Jimi was to be the opening act on the show with Jefferson Airplane and Gabor Szabo. BillGrahamatthattimehadnoideaofwhatwasgoingon. “Hebookedactsinacombinationofblindluck,speculation,and other people’s advice. Bands played two sets a night and they did them ‘3 . . . 2 . . . 1 and 3 . . . 2 . . . 1’ so that the opening act followedtheheadlineronce.Thisledtosomeprettyinterestingmatchups.SoHendrixshowedupandsowipedtheAirplaneoffthemapthe firstnightthattheydidnotcomeback!Theyhadsixnightsbookedat theFillmoreJune20to25,andTuesdaynightHendrixopened.He’d been all over the radio in San Francisco, even before the Monterey festival,sonobodygaveafuckthattheAirplanewasthere.Everybody 79
SHARON LAWRENCE was there to see Hendrix, which came as a surprise to the Airplane andBillGraham. “At that time there’s this vector going on and you see people raising the bar on almost a weekly basis. And that’s what the first Hendrixalbumdid.Immediately,everybodyrecognizedthatthiswas something new, that this had raised the bar and that we were now dealingwithawholenewworld.Hendrixwasanexcitingandradical new high. We all saw that . . . we’d all been listening to everything thatwasgoingon.BluesbreakerswithClapton.TheButterfieldband. Every new record was scrutinized. The Hendrix record had been broughtinhereasanimport.Itwasn’tevenreleasedinthiscountry until August. It was such a focused thing in San Francisco, this burgeoningmusicalculture. “SoHendrixblowstheAirplaneoffthestage.JanisJoplinandBig BrotherandtheHoldingCompanywerebroughtintofillouttherest oftheengagement.TheAirplanesuddenlyrememberedtheyhadto leavetownto . . . uh . . . workontheirrecord!SothatSundaythere wasafreeconcertinthePanhandle,whichwasalittlebitofGolden GateParkthatsticksoutfromthemainpark,ablockwide.Threeor four blocks from Haight-Asbury. There’s a generator and a flatbed truck.TheAirplaneloansthetruckandsomeequipmentandMitch, Noel,andJimiplaythatSunday.Fifteenhundredpeopleshowedup!” SoonJimiwasinvitedtomakeanin-storeappearanceinLosAngeles, his first, at the Groove Company, the Sunset Strip’s first hip music store, located at Sunset and Crescent Heights boulevards, acrossfromanin-crowdclubknownasPandora’sBox.TheappearancewasengineeredbyMichaelVillella,abrightandknowledgeable fellow,whohadrecentlybecomearecordbuyerfortheshop.Villella hadfirstheardtheExperience’srecordsonavisittoLondon,andhe traveledtoMontereytoseeHendrixonstage—“Jimiwasmagical.His aura took over the entire festival.” The Groove Company soon sportedapaintedfaçadeofNoelandMitchoneithersideofJimi.To enter the store, customers walked inside Jimi’s mouth. When the avant-garde radio station KPPC alerted listeners as to the day and 80
Jimi Hendrix timetheycouldseeJimiHendrixinpersonattheGrooveCompany, fans filled the store, its spacious parking lot, and the surrounding sidewalks;thebuzzafterMonterey,350milesupthecoast,wasthat strong.Villella hadscoredyetanothercoupby arrangingtosell the firstAreYouExperienced? albumsbeforetheofficialAmericanrelease dateweekslater. Hendrixwasalsoseenduringtheseglorydaysridinginalimousine along Hollywood Boulevard with twin blond Playboy Playmates oneithersideofhim.Jimiandhischicksdroppedbyapartyhonoring the Who, hosted by Rodney Bingenheimer and Frank Zinn at Zinn’s Hollywoodhome. FrankwasafriendandfanoftheWho.DiminutiveRodney,with hisBusterBrownbob,wastobecomeknownasthestand-inforDavy JonesontheMonkees’televisionseries.Rodneyenjoyedknowingthe “right”peopleandHendrixwasalwayskindtohim,ayearlatereven takinghimcruisinginhisnewCorvetteontheSunsetStrip. AttheWhogathering,Hendrixsatdownonacouchflankedby his blondes, and the guests were “flipping out,” as they said, to see Hendrixupclose.Asuddenlinematerializedofbothmaleandfemale wannabegroupiesbeggingforhisautograph.Jimididn’twishtodisruptthepartyoroffendhisfriendsintheWho,soheandtheblondes soonsplit. Life was not justabout fun andpop frolics,however.Eversince theassassinationofJohnF.Kennedy,politicalturmoilhadblanketed the “land of the free and the home of the brave.” The words of “Blowin’ in the Wind” by Bob Dylan and of Sam Cooke’s song “A ChangeIsGonnaCome”resonatedinthesetroubledtimes.Peopleof conscience,horrifiedbytheunspeakabledailyactsofcrueltyandviolence against black citizens, debated how integration could and mustbepeacefullyaccomplished.Numerouswhitesofallagesmade their way tosouthernstates, most notably Alabama, totakepart in freedom marches and support the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther KingJr.AndAmericansinallregionsofthecountryfeltanincreasing concernoverthemilitaryactioninVietnaminthesummerof1967; 81
SHARON LAWRENCE thiswasarealissueformanyyoungpeople,aswellasforparentswho didn’twanttoseetheirsonsgotowarinaplacethey’dneverheard of.Why arewethere?Imagesofhugeprotestmarchesthroughoutthe countryfilledtelevisionscreensandthefrontpagesofnewspapers. Then, too, a major new element was infiltrating the lives of America’syouth—drugs.Two slogans becamepartofthe lexiconof the young—“Peace and love” and “Turn on, tune in, drop out,” the motto of LSD guru Timothy Leary. The sweet, acrid smell of marijuanafilledtheair.“Acid”becameanewwordinthehipstervocabulary—slangforLSD.ThreeyearslaterJimiHendrixwouldsay,“They calledittheSummerofLove.SummerofAcidismorelikeit!TheLSD passed around in San Francisco was a fabulous discovery to me. I’d taken LSD in London, but this acid was advanced, a whole other thing.Iwantedmore;itbecamethegreatescape.Therewerenights whenitseemedlikeanyonewhocamenearmewashandingmeLSD. I overdid it. I know that now. Almost every musician I knew was an acidfreak.Quitenaturally,therewerealsopeoplewhocouldn’thandleit;theyhadtofindoutthehardway.IactuallythoughtthatIwas oneofthespecialonesmeantforLSD.Idon’tbelievethatanymore.”
M
ichael Goldstein, a New York publicist, flew to California
specifically to attend the Monterey Pop Festival, where he
hoped to pick up music clients. One of the stories that circulated aroundthefestivalconcerned“thisNewYorkguywhorushedoverto Hendrix and said, ‘Hello, Otis! I’m a big fan of yours!’ ” Despite the gaffe of confusing Hendrix with Otis Redding, “the New York guy” and the Experience’s manager, Michael Jeffery, hit it off. Michael GoldsteinreturnedtoNewYorkwiththetitleof“Americanpressrepresentative”forJimi,Noel,andMitch. That summer Patricia Costello, who worked for Goldstein, was instrumental in putting together a far-ranging American publicity campaign.“ThefirsttimeImetJimiHendrixwas,asIrecall,inJulyof 82
Jimi Hendrix 1967,”PatCostellosaid.“Ihadn’tyetheardthemusic.ImetJimithe person in New York after the Monterey festival, and I understood therewassomethingdifferentthere.Ijustgotthisfeelingthathewas unique,notjustanotherrun-of-the-millguycominginfromEngland soontobeforgotten.TherewasaspecialsparkinJimiandabouthim. He was quiet and shy, soft-spoken, well mannered, quite unlike the imagethatMichaelJefferywantedtopresenttotheworld.” Jimifeltcomfortablewithher.“Patissuchapleasantperson;she hasthatwonderful,gentlevoice,”hesaid.Jimialwaysnoticedspeech patternsandtonesofvoice.Hewasuncomfortable,though,withthe oftenaggressivesoundofherboss’svoice.Jimipreferredtodealwith CostelloratherthanMichaelGoldstein.Thepress,too,respondedto her“gentlevoice,”andJimi,Noel,andMitch’smusic,backedupby Pat’stelephonecalls,createdademandforinterviewsinawiderange ofnewspapersandmagazines.Patlivedwithatelephoneinherearas she scheduled interviews around their performing and recording commitments,andshewasevervigilantinseekingrecordandconcert reviews. Costello was one of the trustworthy few who truly worked long and hard for Jimi Hendrix and didn’t gouge him for money. How did the media react to this unique new presence in the mostly white world of pop music? “I never really thought about his color,”Costellosaid.“Idon’tthinkmostpresspeopledidwhenthey methim.HewassimplyJimi.” She paused reflectively and then continued, “Maybe a few of them were scared to meet him not because of color but more because of the bold image on record sleeves and in publicity photographs.IrememberwhentheExperiencewastobeonTheEdSullivan Show, someonefromthe Sullivanofficecalledtoask, ‘Now,whatis this guy all about?’ I said the truth—‘He’s great to work with.’ The show was all set, but at the last minute, as I recall, Jeffery’s office calledwithachangeofplans.So,unfortunately,theExperiencenever appeared on Sullivan. I can’t think of anyone in the press who was afraidofJimiwhentheyactuallymethim.Justsurprisedathownice 83
SHARON LAWRENCE hewas,andperhapsinacoupleofcases,writerswereembarrassedto havehadpreconceivedideas.”
E
ricClaptoncouldbeshyandlessthanforthcomingwiththepress. InearlyJuly1967,heopeneduptoPennyValentineinDiscandMu-
sicEcho. Shewaseasytotalkto,andClaptonrespectedher.“Atpresent,theCreamareenjoyinggreatpopularity,”Valentinewrote.“Eric, modestly, puts this down to the fact that Jimi Hendrix is out of the country.”ClaptontoldValentine,“That’s ourrealcompetition.We’re alwaysgettingcomparedandwhenhe’saroundweknuckleunder!”He also declared of playing guitar, “For me it’s mylife. I am wholly concernedwithandcompletelywrappedupinmusictwenty-fourhoursa dayandwhenI’mworkingnothingelsemattersinlife.”Inthephotograph accompanying the article, Clapton was sporting a handsome andfullwhite-boyversionofthefamiliarJimiHendrixhairstyle. Hendrix,whenhewastoldofEric’sinterview,wasdelightedwith allthatClaptonhadsaid, alsoamused andflattered that thealways fashion-conscious guitarist had posed for a picture that showed indisputablyhewastakinglessonsfromHendrixinthe“looks”department,fromhisshirttohisrecent“EnglishAfro.” OnJuly8,Jimi,Noel,andMitchbeganthefirstofeightnightson tour as the support act for the Monkees. Chas was said to be angry thatMikeJefferyhadagreedtothisunlikelytourcombination.OthersintheinnercirclebelievedthatChas,fromthefirst,sawthepublicity value of the idea and went along with Jeffery and Michael Goldsteininplottingoutaletter-writingcampaign,signedmostlyby fictitious names, complaining to the media that “The Jimi Hendrix Experiencedoesn’tbelongonashowforinnocentchildren!” Mickey Dolenz of the Monkees said, “We were so close to that uproarwhentheExperiencetouredwithus.Jimireallywasoneofthe nicestpeopleI’veeverknown.Weallhadalotoffuninthehotels.The Monkeeswereintochicksandbeingdrunkandstonedandstuff,and 84
Jimi Hendrix sowasJimi’sband.ButthedifferencewaswhentheMonkeeswereonstage,wehadtodo‘LastTraintoClarksville.’Notthatweminded,becausethekidsdugit,butwereallyhadagoodtimebackatthehotel jamming together,Peter Tork andMike Nesmith especially, because theywereprimarilymusiciansallthetime.Itwasafantastictourfrom ourpointofview.WhentheExperienceleftus,they’dhadarealgood offer in New York City. Wedidn’t want to hold on to them, because the audience we were playing to wasn’t the audience that really appreciatedHendrix.ItwasdrivingtheExperiencecrazytoplayforkids as young as eight and ten after their incredible reception from teenagers and adults at Monterey. The little kids didn’t understand theirmusic.Butweallhadsuchagoodtimeoffstage!” NowawayfromtheMonkees,HendrixcaughtupwithEricClaptoninNewYorkfortwonightsattheendofJuly;theyrushedoutto seeJohnHammondattheGaslightonMacDougalStreet,oneofBob Dylan’searlyhaunts.ThesmallstagesizzledasHendrix,Hammond, and Clapton played the blues in free-flowing jams. These exciting musicalhourswithspecialmenwhocontinuedtoshowhimrespect andfriendshipmeanttheworldtoJimiHendrix;itwashisdefinition oftruehappiness. With success comes envy. In Los Angeles, producer Jack Nitzsche praised Hendrix to the skies, calling Are You Experienced? “utterlybrilliant,”accordingtoDennyBruce.“Jackplayedthealbum constantly,”Brucerecallsofhisfriend.“NeilYounggotsickandtired ofhearingaboutHendrixfromJack.Neilwasjealous.” Two men in New York were more than jealous—Curtis Knight andEdChalpin.TheywantedapartofJimiHendrix’snewfoundsuccess.CurtisdroppedinonHendrixathisNewYorkhotelthatsummer and pressured him. Hendrix agreed to accompany him to Chalpin’s studioanddoalittlerecording“foroldtimes’sake.”“Curtiswason my case about going ‘big time’ at Monterey,” Jimi said, “and I’d already heard that Chalpin was causing problems at Track. I just wantedtocooleverybodyout.IsaidI’dplayonsometracksforCurtisbutthattheycouldn’tusemyname.Curtisagreed.” 85
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G
reetedlikeconqueringheroeswhentheyreturnedtoLondonat the end of the summer, the Experience was deemed a “super-
group”afterlessthanayearofexistencebythepressandtheband’s powerful English fan base. On September 16, MelodyMaker held its
annualawardspartyattheHotelEuropainLondon.Thehighlightof the festivities was the moment when Jimi Hendrix was named “World’s BestPopMusician.”Hisface wasastudy in humility ashe acceptedalargetrophytoaroomfulofcheersandapplausefromthe movers and shakers of the English music industry. Days later Track Recordstookoutanadbannered:ALL HAIL KING JIMI! BarrieWentzell,atalentedphotographercoveringthegreatsof theLondonmusicscene,snappedmanypicturesofHendrix,includingthespecialoccasionattheHotel Europaasheacceptedhistrophy.“WelovedhimatMelodyMaker,”Wentzellsaidcheerily.“Chris Welch,whofirstsawJimidownattheBagO’Nails,andallofus.We werecompletelyintohismusic,hisart, really.Wealwayslookedforward to wonderful conversations with Jimi, the best guy on the planet!” JimidiscussedhisMelodyMaker awardwithmeacoupleofyears later. “Nineteen sixty-seven was such a busy, busy, busy year,” he said.“Ialmostnevergotmorethanfivehoursofsleepanight.WhenI hadthreeminutestobreatheacoupleofdaysaftertheMelodyMaker party, we were off somewhere on the road, and I was brushing my teeth, thinking about it. I started to cry because it meant so much, and I ended up washing my face three times to get off this mess of tearsandtoothpaste.” HehadcometoEnglandnotknowingwhattoexpect,wondering if the pop greats would accept him, and so much had happened so quickly.“Nineteensixty-sevenwasthebestyearofmylife,”hesaid. “WewentovertoParisinOctober,andtheystill lovedus,”Hendrixsaidproudly.“Standingonstagelookingintothefirstfewrows,I feltsoclosetotheaudience.Icouldseeintotheireyes;itwaslikewe 86
Jimi Hendrix had a little understanding. Those are the times when I just want to playandplay.”Hesmileddreamilyandadded,“IfIeverhaveaplace ofmyown,IwantittobeinoneofthosehistoricoldbuildingslookingoutattheSeine.I’dlikealittlehometohideawayfromtherestof mylife.SomewhereIcanplayallmytapesandthinkandimagineand plan.I’dliketotakedrawinglessonsinParis,too.” Chas Chandler, Michael Jeffery, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding—thefourmenwhoseliveswerethenintertwinedwithJimi’shad little knowledge of his deepest dreams. With them, with the press, and with Noel’s mother and Mitch’s parents, when he was asked aboutgrowingupinAmerica,Hendrixkeptitlight,offeringonlythe occasionalamusing comment ormemory about Seattle, family, the military, or the chitlin circuit. Few clues circulated as to childhood betrayals and poverty, fear, loss, and loneliness. The “bad stuff,” as hereferredtocertainpartsofhispreviouslife,washiddenawayina corner cupboard of his brain. The good days were in the here and now. WhileJimiwaswavinghis“freakflag”high,Chalpinwaved,too, even higher, the one-page October 1965 recording agreement that HendrixhadsignedinNewYork.MichaelJefferyandSteveWeiss,the attorneyJimiandMikenowshared,toldtheirstarthatChalpincould conceivablykeephimfromfurtherrecordingandpossiblyevenfrom performinguntiltheproblemswereresolved.AsJimilistenedtensely toJefferyandWeissspeakofChalpin’sthreats,hecouldhardlycatch his breath. Not since his mother had left him and his brother Leon hadanythingsocataclysmichappenedinthelifeofJimiHendrix. TheHendrix-Chalpinissueswouldnevergoaway.
C
has prized publicity. He was quite sure that the Experience was
just starting to show the world what Jimi Hendrix and his band
were all about. As a former member of the Animals, he knew firsthand what a valuable tool the right kind of press could be, partic87
SHARON LAWRENCE ularlyinthenationaldailypapersandincolormagazinespreads.He cherished his own assortment of clippings, ranging from tiny ads about gigs the Animals had played in theNewcastle area to reviews andinterviewsinLondonmusicweekliestophotosinAmericanteen magazines.HewasintentoncapturingtheinterestofLesliePerrin,a clever,amiable,middle-agedmanwhowasSwingingLondon’smost revered music press agent. Perrin knew virtually every journalist worthhis typewriter in the whole of the UnitedKingdom. London’s topeditorsandreporterswerehisfriends;theymetfrequently,most usually at the Wig and Pen on Fleet Street, for plenty of booze and evenmoregossip. “Heknowseveryone,andhehasagreedtorepresentthegroup,” ChastoldJimi,Noel,andMitch.“Leswillbeourgood-luckcharm.” Their other good-luck charm was Dick Katz, a fine agent with HaroldDavison,Ltd.Katzwasadeluxewheeleranddealerwiththe clout to secure important concert dates; he had impressive experience in career building. The Davison agencyrepresented a range of world-renowned singers and musicians, including jazz legends, who’dbeenwiththemforyears.JimirespectedPerrinandKatzand enjoyedhearingtheirlivelystoriesaboutmusiciansheadmired.They wereperhapstheonlymeninhisbusinesslifewhopossessedthesensitivity and the knowledge of the music business to understand his past. In their company he didn’t have to pretend to be anything he wasn’t or answer painful questions. Dick Katz kept a careful eye on Hendrix. “I knew early on that he was one of the greatest players I wouldeverhear,”hesaid.“Itisdeeplygratifyingformetoworkwith someonesoyoungwhohasunlimitedpotential.” Successbroughtadazzlingescalationintheattentionofferedby the female sex. In America, California blondes, hippie chicks, and sexymodelspantedafterHendrix,and,timepermitting,hewasmore than agreeable in accommodating them. For the Experience and most other popular English and American groups, sex was like fast food—quick and readily available. Names were often forgotten; descriptions would suffice: “the red-haired scrubber,” “the kinky New 88
Jimi Hendrix Jersey model,” “big tits from Detroit.” Jimi was high on the “score list”ofnumerousEnglishbeauties,afewofthemthegirlfriendsofhis musicalpeers.Tallorpetite,curvyorthin,theseoftenbraless,miniskirted“dollybirds,”astheyweredescribedintheBritishpress,with their thickly lined eyes, gleaming pale lips, and long, shiny, straight hairwentcrazyforthesexyJimiHendrix.“HalfthetimeIdidn’teven knowthegirl’sname,andtherewewereinbed,”hewastotellme. Hewasn’tbragging,juststatingthefacts.HemadeitclearthatKathy Etchinghamwaswellawareofitallandthattheirswasan“open”relationship—onbothsides. His fellow musicians privately acknowledged Jimi as a fantasy figure.“Weallweresurethathissexual . . . uh . . . equipmentwasas astounding as his musical technique,” a noted British guitar player said.“Weallwantedtobehim.Whatcouldbemorecoolthantobea sexyblackman,playingthebluesandpullinganychickyoufancied?” ThatfalltheExperiencemadeaquicktriptoHollandfortelevision filming and a concert, immediately returning to England for theirsecondandmoreextensivetourofthecountry.Kickingitoffat Royal Albert Hall in London,theygave thirtyperformances in three weeks’ time.Jimi,Mitch,and Noel wound upexhausted in Glasgow andgotverydrunkafterthefinalshow. Asheheadedintoanewyear,JimiHendrixwasgratefulforthe hugeprogresshehadmadeinhiscareer,deeplyproudoftheExperience’s hit records and also of the bags of fan mail that was arriving dailyattheJeffery-ChandlerandTrackRecordsoffices.Theseletters mattered toJimi;theyweretangibleproofofhissuccess,ofthefans’ respect,andhemadeanefforttopersonallyanswerasmanyofthem astimepermitted. Also,thelettersbolsteredHendrixintheincreasedpressureand insecurityhewasfeelingasEdChalpinturneduptheheatonhislegal actions. “I was very scared,” Jimi told me a year later. “I remember goingofftojamattheSpeakeasyonenight,sofulloffrustrationthat I wanted to play until my fingers were bleeding, do anything that wouldblotoutallthelegalblah-blah-blah.Iknewitwasn’tgoingto 89
SHARON LAWRENCE besettledeasily,nomatterwhatcrazyroutineJefferywaslayingon me.Somuchhadbeenaccomplishedin1967.Sovery much!Tome thewholepointofsuccessistocontrolmyownmusicalthoughtsand how each song is recorded, mixed, and produced. Every song! All these damned threats of lawsuits have nothing to do with music. Nothing! It’sallaboutgreed.” OnDecember1,thesecondExperiencealbum,Axis:BoldasLove, wasreleasedintheUK.JimifeltthatAxis representedagiantstepin the progress of his recording and songwriting; the rave reactions from fans and critics alike to this new Experience record filled him withasenseofaccomplishment.Forallhissuccess,his insecurities wereeverpresent.“ThewayAxis turnedoutgavemefaiththatIcould keepmovingforward,”hesaidtome,“andthattheaudiencewould comewithus.” Jimi’s pride in his work was soon diluted, however. He became agitated and physically ill when Mike Jeffery informed him that the American release of Axis was to be held up so that the litigious Ed Chalpin could first release “Get That Feeling,” a concoction of old trackswithCurtisKnightonvocalsandJimibackinghimup.Onthe basisoftheHendrixname,Chalpinhadnegotiatedahandsomedeal for himself with Capitol Records. The Beatles topped the American label’s list of artists, and the company generally distributed quality music.JohnLennonassertedtoHendrix,“Youarebeingpunishedfor your talent and success.” Lennon felt frustrated and sad that the seemingpoweroftheBeatlesdidn’tworkatCapitol;hewasunableto helpandprotectthismusicianheadmired. Itwasn’tallpunishment,though.“FenderGuitarscalledmeup,” JimitoldLennon.“Theywanttogive mesomeStrats.AnythingIwant, theysaid.Canyouimaginethat?”
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CHAPTER SEVEN
Experienced
O
n that rainy evening of February 9,
1968,backstageatAnaheimConventionCenterwhenLesPerrinintroduced me to Mitch and Noel and then to Jimi, there was little doubt in my mind that these three musicians possessed personal flair and charm. But music was what it was really all about. Like mostoftheseven-thousand-plusmembersoftheaudience,Iheard andfeltthebirthofgreatnessthatnight.Thismusicwasindeeddifferent, and the wide-eyed, openmouthed crowd soaked up every note and each exciting, swoopingHendrix stage move. “I’ve never seenanyonelikehim!”saidtheteenageboysittingdirectlybehind me.“Thisbandisincredible!”Heandhisfriendscheeredeverysong. Theyleapedtotheirfeettoapplaud.Ifollowedsuit.Everyonewas grooving to “Wild Thing.” I turned and smiled at the boys behind me,seeingtheirjoy-filledfaces.Theyweresocaughtupintheirelationthattheydidn’tseemtonoticeEricBurdonstandingalongside me.Eric,astarinhisownrightwho’dalreadyseenHendrixperform many times, appeared as joyful as these kids, his eyes fastened on thestage.I’vealwaysenjoyedobservingaudiences,andIsensedin
SHARON LAWRENCE thatmomentthattheboysbehindmewouldtreasurethisnightfor averylongtime. InmycarwithLes,Chas,andLotta,onthefreewaybacktoHollywood,Chastalked about the Experience’s demanding schedule of the past ten days. “You ought to have seen him in Paris last week,” Chas said. “Jimi’s a huge star there now;heloves playing inFrance, and they love him. We sold out two shows with Eric as our support act.” Chas and Eric Burdon, both Newcastle lads, knew each other well,ofcourse,fromtheiryearstogetherasmembersoftheAnimals. “ImmediatelyaftertheParisshow,theExperienceflewtoNewYork,” headded. Theirplane,caughtinheavyairtraffic,circledNewYorkforalmostanhour.FinallyJimi,Noel,andMitchlandedatJohnF.Kennedy InternationalAirport,enduringastripsearchbeforetheymadetheir jauntyentrance at the “British AreComing”pressreception plotted outbyMichaelJefferyandhispressaideMichaelGoldstein.Asthey stepped inside the Copter Club on top of the Pan Am building, crowded with reporters and photographers, they were almost blindedbyafloodofflashbulbs. “Paris and New York. Sounds like an exhausting two days and nights,”IremarkedtoChas. “Only the beginning of a long haul,” he said. “New York was purelyabout publicity. No gig.” Hourslater theExperienceboarded anotherjet,thistimeflyingacrossAmericatoSanFrancisco. The Bay Area was “Hendrix territory.” “We love to hear you scream!” Jimi boyishly commented to an audience in the city that hadbeenastrongholdfortheExperiencesincetheMontereyfestival. ThescreamsechoedoveralongSanFranciscoweekend—twoperformances at the Fillmore and six more at Winterland, all with Albert King, a guitar player Jimi admired; he bought every King record he couldfind.HispalsfromLondon,JohnMayallandtheBluesbreakers, providedevenmoreguitarpowertotheshows.Forthelastnightat Winterland, Janis Joplin with Big Brother and the Holding Company wereaddedtothebill. 92
Jimi Hendrix HendrixtoldJoplinthatheknewthispartoftownbeforehebecamefamous.“IbackedupIkeandTinaTurner,”hesaid,“butnotfor verylong.”Joplin’seyesgotbigasshelistened.“ThatTinaTurneris damnedfine,”shesaid,“butIhearthehusband’sbadnews.” Day in, day out, Jimi, Noel, and Mitch were on the move. “So manyairports,somanyhotels,somanygigs,”Noelsaid.“Itbecomes ablur.”Eventuallyhedevelopedafearofflying,needingValiumanda strongpushtogethimuptheboardingsteps.Occasionallythemusiciansmanagedtosqueezeinasmuchassixhoursofsleep.Inlieuof adequatesleep,artificialstimulationintheformofpills,marijuana, and hashish became as essential to the band as amps and microphones. No major group of this era—including the Beatles, Stones, Cream,andWho—enduredsuchapunishingschedule. ToAmericanfanstheExperience’slifelookedlikeaspectacular party,fueledbythunderousapplauseandhourlyoffersofdrugsand sex. “You guys areso great!” wasthe chorus thatconstantly rang in themusicians’ears.Onstagethebandrepresentedarangeoffulfillment for the audience—powerful music, sex appeal, fun, intimacy. AsbigandboldasHendrixappeared,hismostardentfansnevertheless picked up on his shyness and vulnerability when he spoke to thembrieflyasheintroducedasongormadeacommentortwobetween numbers;theyloved to hearhim talk, tofeel apersonal“just between you and me” connection, and they delighted in intermittently singing along to Hendrix’s tongue-in-cheek version of “Wild Thing,”giddyasJimideclared,“WildThing,IthinkIloveyou. . . . Sock ittomeonemoretime.” GuitarsaleswereskyrocketinginanAmericawherehundredsof thousandsofyoungpeoplewerethinkinglessabouttheireducation andmorepassionatelyaboutlearningtoplayaninstrument,mostespecially one of those shiny Stratocasters. This was great news for Fender Guitars, the California-based company that was seriously considering ceasing production on the “Strat” until Hendrix came along.Theimpactandstyleofhismusicquicklyquadrupledsales;urbanyoungmenandcountryboysalikeallwantedaguitar“justlike 93
SHARON LAWRENCE Jimi’s,”whethertheyknewhowtoplayitornot.ThenewAmerican Dreamwas nowabout beingina band, or at the very least working forone. Chas Chandler had been a mere musician as opposed to a star, andnowhewasahitrecordproducerandaco-manager.Heenjoyed these titles and savored his growing prestige and power. Chas was generallypleasantandpoliteandknewthevalueofsayingthankyou. Still,hecameonasstrongashedaredwithRepriseRecordsinCalifornia. Chandler’s goal was to make lots of money—the faster the better. To this end he was on the telephone or in meetings with recordexecutivesandpromotionandpublicity peopleonanhourly basis. Chas’s favorite word was “strategy,” and Reprise listened closely to his ideas. In both America and England, Chas made it a point to acquaint himself with key “opinion makers” who could be helpfultotheExperience. OneofthemwasTonyPalmer,whocametoknowChasandHendrix in large part due to Beatle John Lennon. In 1964, Palmer was studying at Cambridge, where he attended the film premiere of A HardDay’sNight. “Lennonwasthere,”Palmerrecalls.“Westruckup a conversation and got on extremely well. John said, ‘Next time you’re in London, why don’t you ring me?’ He gave me a number whereIcouldreachhim.”Twoandahalfyearslater,Palmerwentto London.“BythentheBeatleswereextremelyfamous,”hesaid,“butI did try the number. Tomy absolute astonishment, John did call me back,andwebecamegoodfriends.” PalmerwasoneoftwomusiccriticsoftheObserver from1967to 1974.Hisspecialresponsibilitywasjazzandrockandroll.Herecalls, “IreviewedAreYouExperienced?,whichIdidn’tlike.Iwrotearather badreviewofit,whichIalmostimmediatelyregretted.Iwrotealetter toChasChandlersaying,‘ThenextopportunityIhave,Iwillre-review thisrecordbecauseI’vechangedmymindandactuallythinkthatit’s marvelous!’SoIwasnotintheirgoodbooks,toputitmildly.Iamso ashamedofthatfirstreview. “AtthistimeI hadgottenajobattheBBCinthefilmsandarts 94
Jimi Hendrix department, the cultural department, as a filmmaker. John Lennon saidtomethatIreallyoughttousemyinfluencetomakeafilmabout whatwashappeninginrockandrollinearly’67and’68.Isaid,‘Fine, willyouhelpme?’HegavemealistofpeopleImustfilminthiswonderfulfloweringtimeformusic.IwantedtocallthefilmAllMyLoving,andJohngavemepermissiontousethetitle.Ofthemusiciansin it,notasingleonehadactuallyappearedonBritishtelevision,other than in little promos, and had never been seen talking seriously aboutwhatitwastheywantedtodo.TheyweretheCream,theWho, theBeatles,ofcourse.Johnsaid,‘Whateveryoudo,you’vegottofilm JimiHendrix.’ “JimiwasdoingaNorthAmericantour,andIrangChasandsaid, ‘Don’tslamthephonedown—thisiswhatI’mdoing.Mysponsorasit wereisJohnLennon.WouldyouallowmetofilmJimiathisnextgig?’ Andhesaid,‘No!’Isaid.‘Allright,wouldyouhaveathinkaboutit?I’ll callyoubackinanhour’stime.’SoIdid,andChassaid,‘I’vespoken toJimi,andhe’ssoangryhewantstopunchyou.Sothereforeyou’d better show up, and if he doesn’t kill you, then you can film.” I showedupinWorcester,Massachusetts,onaverycold,snowynight inFebruary1968.Chaswasn’tthere,butIwasintroducedtoJimiby oneofhisroadmanagers,andthethingthatsaveditwaswediscovered that we had a very close mutual friend, Mark Boyle. Jimi said, ‘Well, I can’t punch you, because if I do, Mark won’t speak to me again.AndIlikeMark.’IfilmedJiminonstopforabouttwoandahalf hours; only about five minutes survived, because the BBC junked it all.” EventuallyPalmerboughtabighouseinLadbrokeSquareinthe middle of Notting Hill Gate. “It was great fun to be there at that time,”herecalled.“Jimicame’roundquitealot.Hewasshyandinsecure,likeafewothercreativepeopleI’veknown;heoftensatinthe corneratparties.Hewasalmostalwaystheonlyblackpersoninthe room.” Palmer’sfriend,Glasgow-bornMarkBoyle,whowaslatertobecome an internationally acclaimedartist,was an innovator withre95
SHARON LAWRENCE gardtothe“lightshows”ofthelatesixties.HeandJimibecamemutual admirers when Boyle and his wife, Joan Hills, produced a fabulous light show for the Soft Machine on the 1968 tour called “The BritishAreComing.”“TheMachinetouredAmericawiththeExperienceonagruelingroutethatspannedtwenty-fivecities,performing atsomefiftyvenues,oftenplayingtwoshowsanight. Boyleremembersanextraordinarytimeonhisfirstandlastpop tour. “On an April afternoon, we were in this bar in Virginia Beach, Virginia,sittingaroundquietly.Jimi,mywife,Joan,andIwerethere, and Mike Rattledge from Soft Machine, who was then the greatest keyboard player in the world, also Robert Wyatt, who was their thrilling drummer, and Mitch and Noel. Suddenly there were these mencrowded’roundthebarwhobegantoshoutandlaugh.Andthey startedopeningbottlesofwineanddrinkingtothehealthofsomeone’sassassin.Thewaitresstoldusthatithadjustcomeovertheradio that Martin Luther King Jr. had been shot. My Glasgow instinct wastogrababottleandattack,andIlooked’roundattheothersand sawJimistaringawayintospace.Imaturedtwentyyearsintwominutes, and we got up and left the bar in silence. We all flew back to New York immediately. There was rioting in the streets; cars were turnedoverandsetonfire.WewereduetoplayinNewarkthatnight, and no one wanted to go. Jimi said the last time he had been in Newark,thereweretanksonthestreetandthecitywasonfire.Weall milledaboutinthefoyerofthehotel,waitingforthedecisiontocancel. Then the police came on the phone from Newark to say that therewasavastcrowdwaitingforus,andifwedidn’tshowup,they weresurethey’dburnthecity.Thefirstlimodrivertookalong,thin cheroot out of his mouth and said, ‘Jimi sits up front with me, or I don’t go.’ So Jimi sat up front, and all of us white people slumped downinourseats,andwesetoff.ThestreetsofNewarkweresilent and deserted when we arrived, except that there seemed to be an enormous black man on each corner as though he was a sentry or policingtheblockorsomething.Therewasanimmensecrowdatthe auditorium,andIwasterrifiedthatJimiwasgoingtobekilled.Atthe 96
Jimi Hendrix time everyone thought there was an insane conspiracy to eliminate anyonewhowasseenasathreattotheextremerightinAmerica,and whowasnextonthelist?Wewereoutintheauditoriumwiththeprojectorsforthelightshow,andwhatwouldwedoifsomeonesuddenly stoodupwithagun? “Jimicameonveryquietlytoenormousapplause.Thenhesaid softlyintothemicrophone,‘Thisnumberisforafriendofmine.’He then began an improvisation that had a beauty that was simply appalling. Immediately everyone knew that the friend was Martin Luther King Jr., and this music somehow seemed to convey all the agony of the black people. The whole audience was weeping. Even the stagehands just stood there with tears streaming down their faces.Itwasalamentforagreatman,butitwasthemostharrowing lament,beyondanyone’simagining.Whenhefinishedtherewasno applause.Everyoneinthisvastcrowdjustsatorstoodsobbing,and Jimilaidhisguitardownandwalkedquietlyoffthestage.”
J
imi dropped by my editing room in New York several times in
1968,”MontereyPop directorD. A.Pennebakerremembered.“Jimi
wasapleasuretohavearound;hewasaverygentleperson.I’msure theonlyreasonheeverspentanytimewithmewasbecauseofDylan.” Hendrix was impressed that Pennebaker personally knew Bob Dylanandhaddirectedafilmabouthim.Pennebakerdidn’tfullyunderstand that Jimi had been interestedin movies since his boyhood and that he was a veritable human sponge when in the company of other creative people he respected, soaking up knowledge and new insights. Most of Jimi’s thoughts in April, May, and June 1968 were focused on recording Electric Ladyland, although it was being done in fitsandstartsduetotouring.AtthebeginningofMay,thebandwas inthestudio,soonfittinginaFillmoreEastgigwithSlyandtheFamilyStoneandheadliningtheMiamiPopFestival.TheyflewtoEurope 97
SHARON LAWRENCE forashorttourofItalyandSwitzerland.MichaelJefferyinsistedHendrixflybackto New Yorkfor two daysoflegal meetingsabout “the Chalpin situation” and then return to meet Noel and Mitch in Switzerland.InJune,Hendrixwasallowedafewmoredaystoworkon ElectricLadyland. MitchMitchellsaidinhisbookonJimiandtheExperience,“AfterwefinishedAxis andbeforeweleftforthesecondU.S.tour,some recordingwasdoneatOlympicinLondon,includingtheoriginalfourtrack versionsof‘CrosstownTraffic’and‘AllAlongtheWatchtower,’ whichweretransferredtosixteentrackinNewYorklateron.”Mitch makesaveryimportantpointinthebookinsaying,“Bythattimethe pressurewasoffofustorecordhitsingles,whichwasgreat.Themarket had changed and you could become to all intents and purposes analbumband,whichiswhatwe’dalwayswanted.Forus,recording wasacompletelyseparatethingfromplayinglive,andI’mveryproud of the fact that we were able to deliver the goods on both fronts in verydifferentways.”However,thiskindofthinkingwasmoretrueof HendrixandMitchellthanitwasofNoelRedding. When Jimi was productive in the studio, he was happy. But it sometimestookawhiletogettothe“productive”stage.Theothers, particularlyChasandNoel,whobitchedtogetheraboutthisonaregular basis, were weary and bored by what Mitch calls “Jimi’s selfindulgenceofrerecordingendlessbasictakes.”ElectricLadyland isa superbalbum.Couldrecordinghavebeencheaperandeasierwithout the indulgences? Undoubtedly so. But the fact remains that, as Jimi said,“Sometimesittakesthemessingaroundtogettothegoodstuff. Youcannotwalkintoarecordingstudio,pushabutton,andsay,‘I’ll begreattonight!’Soundisinmyhead,butit’snotalwaysinmyfingers.”MostofElectricLadyland wasrecordedattheRecordPlant,because Jimi, Noel, and Mitch liked the engineer and co-owner, Gary Kellgren. The band and the growing entourage partied incessantly, oftenhangingoutatStevePaul’sclub,theScene,acoupleofblocks away.ThiswaswhereJimilovedtojam.TeddySlatus,whomanaged theScene,referstoHendrixas“oneofthefewgentlementhatcame 98
Jimi Hendrix downtotheclub.Hewasverypoliteandnicetoeveryone,especially to me; he was a great guy to have around.” The basement club was small and intimate, a hangout where a variety of musicians would dropbyinhopesthatHendrixwasintownandreadytojam. “Each time Jimi arrived back in New York from the road,” Pat Costello recalled, “the first thing he would ask is, ‘Who’s playing in town?’TherewasoneoccasionwhenIcasuallymentioned,‘Oh,just JeffBeck.’AsIknewhewould,Jimigotsoexcited!‘JeffBeckson!Jeff Beckson [his affectionate nickname for the guitar player]! Great, great,great!I’llcallhimrightawayandsetupajam.’ ” AsmuchasJimilikedtojamwithhisEnglishfriends,hewasnot an elitist. One night at the Greenwich Village Club then known as Generation(latertobecomethesiteofElectricLadyStudios),when Mitchwasnowheretobefound,JimibroughtupaNewYorkcollege kid,WoodyLewis,tositinondrums,providingLewiswiththethrillof hislife. In 1968 the magazine division of the Hearst Corporation launched Eye, a totally hip publication, aimed at young people and music lovers. Journalist Michael Thomas wrote the finest feature pieceonJimiHendrixthathadbeenpublishedinAmericauntilthat time. “Hendrixisamasterofceremonies,”Thomassaid.“Hesaunters onstage,lookinglikeabuccaneerOthellocometoCamelot,invelvet andlaceandbootsofSpanishleather,aMexicanbandit’shatonhis headwithafeatherinthegoldchain-band,hissilkblouseopentothe navel,ashinygoldmedallionsparklingonhischest. . . . Heis,after all, the Great Pretender of rock ’n’ roll burlesque. He is, unchallenged,theCassiusClayofpop.” Thomaswentontowrite,“AtacollegeconcertonLongIsland,I sawkidsmobthestageattheendinthekindoffrenzyI’veonlyseen beforeataStonesconcert,andtheywerecollegekids,notteenies.At aconcertatUCLA,grownmencried;theaudiencecrawledontothe stageandtriedtokisshisboots.” ThatspringHendrixtelephonedmeseveraltimes.Heknewthat 99
SHARON LAWRENCE myfriendsandIwereregularsontheWhisky–Troubadour–AshGrove club circuit, and he liked to hear updates on the L.A. music scene. Also,hegotakickoutofsomeofmycruelbuttruecomments—“Soand-sowascompletely patheticattheTroub,thedullestactinthehistory of folk music,” or “I was invited to the Doors’ office the other day; Morrison insisted on reading me his poetry. It was eighty-five degrees,buthewaswearingthoseleatherpants.TheyweresoshinyI thinktheyactuallymaybevinyl.”Hendrixburstoutlaughingatthis— “Vinyl!”HewasnotaMorrisonfan. WhenIheardfromJimi,Iwasn’tsureifhewasbored,lonely,or feeling momentarily hemmed in or isolated by his regular “record, tour,jam,party”routine.Inoneofthesecalls,hetoldmethathewas “comingdownfromatrip.”Ilistened,sayinglittle.“Idon’tknowwhy I phoned you,” he concluded. “I’m embarrassing myself. You must thinkI’mafool.” I heard from Chas Chandler, too, and the picture he candidly painted was one of unbearable disappointment. Chas’s Geordie accentranrampantashespoke.“Jimiisnowcompletelysurroundedby hangers-on, particularly when we’re in New York. I can’t stand ’em! I’mnotputtin’upwiththis!It’shell!Jimidoesn’tlistentomeoranyoneelse.”ChashadfoughtforJimi’sstardom,forgettingthatstarsattractallkindsofpeople,usersaswellasdevotedfans.Chasmissedthe “mateyness”andthesenseofteamworkoftheearlydays.Astronger, moreexperiencedmanagermighthavesatHendrix,Noel,andMitch downtogetherandindividually,talkingstraightandnippingemerging problemsinthebud.Easiertosaythando,andChaswaitedtoolong. “Pleasebehonestwithme,”hesaid.“IstherealotofchatinL.A. aboutthingsgoin’wrongwithJimiandme?” “No,”Isaid.“Ihaven’theardanything.IwillletyouknowifIdo.” “Thethingis,”Chasblurtedout,“I’mgettingreadytopullaway.I don’tbelieveI’llbeproducin’Jimianymore.ThisisnotthelifeIwant.” Ihadtoholdbackagasp.IwassimplyamazedbyChas’swords.He spokeofhismarriagetoLottaandeventuallybeinga“familyman.”He madeitclearthathewasalreadyonthelookoutforothertalent.“I’ll 100
Jimi Hendrix be in the business for a long time!” he said confidently. “I’ve shown nowthatI’vegotitinmetobeasuccessfulproducerandmanager.” On June 28, Jimi, Mitch, and Noel signed several far-reaching agreements that affected them jointly and individually. Jeffery presentedtheseideasasasortof“Chasisleaving,soI’lltakebettercare ofyou”package:WarnerBros./ReprisehadagreedtopayEdChalpina handsomepercentageontheExperiencealbums,andthushewould nolongerbeaproblem.Jeffery-ChandlerhadagreedtoallowWarner Bros./Reprise to essentially “purchase” Jimi from them; the original ReprisedealfromMarch1967wassupersededbyanewagreement inwhichJimiwassigneddirectlytothecompanyforproductionand recording.InthisarrangementaclausestatedthatHendrixwouldbe responsibleforallroyaltypaymentstoanyandallsubproducers,vocalists,andmusicians.Stillothercontractswerevoidedorrewritten toincludeNoelandMitchintheYameta“taxshelter.” AfterseveraldaysofrecordingattheRecordPlant,theExperience returnedtoEnglandinearlyJulytoperformattheWoburnMusicFestival.Ajoyfulcrowdwelcomedthemhomeafterasix-monthabsence. One fan summed up the show this way: “Jimi was inexpressibly wonderful!” Mike Jeffery made no plans for other English concerts that year;farmoremoneywastobemadeinthevastnessofAmerica. BeforeJimiarrivedinLondon,Chasalreadyhadmadeitclearto KathyEtchinghamthatheandLottawouldnotbelivingagainunder the same roof as she and Jimi or any other of his growing string of girlfriends.Jimihadtoldhimhewouldbequitecontenttoliveonhis own“inanicehotelneartheclubs.” WellawareofJimi’sotherfemaleinterestsandunwillingtolose him, Etchingham found and took out a lease on a small third-floor flatinBrookStreet,asuperbLondonlocationafewyardsfromClaridge’sHotelandneartheSpeakeasy,whereHendrixlovedtojam.In theeighteenthcentury,GeorgFriedrichHandelhadlivednextdoor; Jimi was impressed by this fact, despite knowing little more about Handelthanthathe’dbeenarespectedmusicalfigure.Jimiagreedto moveintoKathy’s“find,”andtheyimmediatelyembarkedonaone101
SHARON LAWRENCE dayshoppingspreealongOxfordStreet.Since,asalways,hepaidfor everything, Hendrix supervised the speedy decoration of the flat, whichwassoonputtouseforaflurryofpressinterviewsandphoto shoots.JimialsotookthetimetopurchaserecordingsofHandel’sorgan concertos. Over the next six months, he spent only scattered days at Brook Street; for quite some time, he and Kathy had been leadingseparatelives.Hendrixsaidthattheyhadeventually“mutuallydisappointedeachother.” AmonthaftertheWoburnAbbeygig,theExperiencereturnedto America for another lengthy tour, striking, as Jeffery had told Jimi, “while the iron is hot.” The band members’ life as newly anointed rockstarswasn’tcompletelysweet.NoelandMitch,boththin,palecomplexioned, curly-headed English boys, were horrified to discover—inassortedtownsinAmerica’sSouthandMidwest—thatJimi wasnotwelcometoeatinthesamerestaurantswiththemorentera bathroommeantforwhitemales.Theirmouthsdroppedopenwhen theirattentionwascalledtothe COLORED
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took it in stride; this treatment was nothing new to him. Onstage thereweretimeswhenJimispontaneouslycreatedmusicalmoments thatweresopowerful,unexpected,andexcitingthatevenNoeland Mitch sometimes viewed him as godlike. Encounters with racism threwthemforaloop—howdareanyonetreattheirJimiinsuchademeaningway?“Itmademybloodruncoldwhensomeoldscrubber of a waitress said once, ‘The nigger can’t be served here.’ Ignorant cow!” Noel said. Occasionally, when they all were high, Hendrix, a dandymimicandborncharacteractor,wouldentertaintheboyswith wildimpersonationsandbawdyraciststoriesfromthechitlincircuit untileveryoneexplodedinhelplesslaughter.
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n September 14, 1968, the Experience played the Hollywood
Bowl, where, little over a year ago, they had been the opening
act for the Mamas and Papas. Now it was Jimi who headlined, and 102
Jimi Hendrix thousandsoffanssittingunderthestarsfeltspellboundinhispresence.“MyfriendsRichardandBillTuskewisczandIthoughtofnothing else for days,” recalled Kirk Silsbee, today a Los Angeles writer, who was barelyintohis teens in 1968. “We plotted and planned on howtogetasclosetothatstageaspossible.”Stealthilytheymoved downward,afewinchesatatime,fromtheirseatshighupintheamphitheater. Sneaking past ushers and random security guards, finally—delightedly,triumphantly—theyclaimedavantagepointafew feet from the stage. Now they could fix their eyes on Jimi’s every move. These were innocent and happy times for young people like Silsbeeandhisfriends,thedayswhenJimiwasking. Acoupleofdaysafterthatshow,IreturnedtoLosAngelesfrom a vacation in England and Europe. Chas and Lotta Chandler were in townandinvitedmetodinewiththem atamuch-lovedHollywood hangout, a Japanese restaurant called the Imperial Gardens. Chas toldme,“Noelwantstoworkwithsomeofhismatesinabandcalled FatMattresseverynowandagainwhentheExperienceisn’tgigging.” Wecasuallytalkedofrecordadvances,andChasfelthecouldcome upwithamajordeal,includingpublishingmoneyforRedding.Chas was excited, Lotta was supportive, and I was dubious, thinking that though a lucrative deal might be procured off Noel’s connection to the Experience, delivering a great record might not be such a sure thing. I said little, though, since it was Chas who was the musicbusinessprofessional. Gradually disengaging from his relationship with Jimi and with Jeffery,hewasstillintheprocessofworkingoutthefinancialdetails ofthatseparation.IsensedthatChasharboredhopesthatJimiwould beghimnottoleave. Now spending substantial time in New York, Mike had relaxed hisdullEnglishwardrobe.Sportyjacketsandopenshirtsgraduallyreplacedhis“seriousbusinessman”look.Hewastobeseeninhipster sunglasses. Jeffery had also taken up LSD on a regular basis; Chas Chandlerhadnotexpectedthis,anditworriedhim.Hesaidoftherelationship between Jimi and Jeffery, “One day they’re acid buddies. 103
SHARON LAWRENCE ThenextdayJimiismoodyandcursinghim,thoughnottohisface, because Mike has a second sense about avoiding bad scenes with Hendrix.” ChastoldmethattheExperiencewaslivingforafewweeksina contemporaryhouseoffthecurvingBenedictCanyonRoad—Beverly Hillsmovie-starterritory.Hedeclaredthehometobeaveritablezoo, andthatwaswhyheandLottadidn’twishtostaythere.“Thatdangerousroadwindsupandup,andallsortsofpeoplearefindingtheir way.”Thewayhesaid“people”resonatedwithdistaste.Myimpressionwasthattherecordcompanywaspayingforapriceyrentalthat had turned into a twenty-four-hour-a-day party house. Well, that wasrockandroll,wasn’tit?“Iwishyou’dcallJimi,”hesaid,“andgo upthereandhavedinner.”Iwasn’tquitesurewhatthiswasallabout. Hiseyestwinkledmomentarilyashesaid,“Youcanbeagoodinfluence.Jimilikesyou.” “Myschedule’sprettyhectic.IdoubtthatIcangetupthere,especiallywiththehoursmusicianskeep,”Isaid,“butIwillcallJimiin thenextdayortwoifyouwantmeto.” Hewrotedownthetelephonenumberonanapkin. Ihadn’ttalkedtoHendrixsinceJuly,andIwassurprisedwhenhe answeredthephonehimself.WhenIthoughtofexpensivehousesin thecanyonsofBeverlyHillsatthattime,itbroughtimagesofbutlers and“staff”tomind.Iheardmusic,laughter,andthevoicesofsquealing girls in the background. Jimi said, “Let me change phones and rooms,okay?” “Hi,”hesaidafterseveralminutes.“I’mgladyoucalled.I’dheard youwereinLondonforawhile.” “AndIhearyou’relivingbigtimeinBeverlyHills!” “ItsoundedsogroovywhenChasfirsttolduswe’dbeinahouse instead of a hotel,” Jimi said, “but now too many characters know where we are.” He told me he’d been surprised that I wasn’t at the HollywoodBowlshow.Iexplainedaboutdeadlinesandmeanbosses. I congratulated him on how well the band was doing. I thought I’d heard wrong when he said, “Noel Redding’s driving me crazy.” He 104
Jimi Hendrix muttered into the phone, “Just a stuck-on-himself English guitar player.” Then, quickly, he attempted to reverse himself. “I don’t mean that. I don’t want to overshadow anybody.” Overshadow? Funny, I thought, he used that same word to me earlier this year. Bands have leaders. Leaders get attention. Hendrix was a rock god now. Wasn’t this what he wanted? I’d been around Noel Redding briefly.Hewasamusingandagoodplayer;thatwasallIknew.Sohe was jealous, too. And maybe Hendrix was oversensitive? But Jimi’s tonewastense. “Groupshavethesekindsofproblems,”Isaidfinally,“andthen it all sort of works out, doesn’t it? I think fame takes some getting usedto,atleastfromwhatI’veseeninHollywood.” “Ittakesalot ofgettingusedto!”Jimisaid.
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has had told me that one reason the band was staying in ritzy, rusticBenedictCanyon wassothatradioand press movers and
shakers could meet and become friends with the Experience “at home.” OnefellowinvitedtodinnerwasamajorWestCoastrockcritic, a friend who telephoned me the next morning to admit ashamedly, “Well,Iblewit!Jimi,Noel,andMitchcouldn’thavebeennicer.ButI was overwhelmed when I sat across from Hendrix at dinner. My knees started to shake, I began to sweat, and my voice cracked. I guessIactedlikearealjerk.” Sepp Donahower, a fledgling concert promoter in the late 1960s,alsovisitedtheBenedictCanyonhouse.“IranintoJimiatthe Whiskyonenight,”herecalls,“andheaskedmeifIcouldgivehima ridehome.Itookhimuptothehouse,andneitherofuscouldbelieve oureyes.Itwasnoisyashell,andthehousewascrawlingwithcreepy people.Jimiwasatleastalittlestoned,andIcouldtellhejustwanted some peace and quiet, and here was the bunch of people partying andmakingthemselvesathomeinahousehewaspayingfor.Hewas 105
SHARON LAWRENCE thehotteststarinthebusiness,andnooneevenaskedhimifhewas hungryoriftheyweregettinginhisway.Finallyhejustburstloose. Heyelledandcursedandtoldthemalltogetthehellout.Itseemed sadandsurprisingtomethathewastreatedsodisrespectfully.” OnOctober19,Isatwithanotherfriendintheaudienceatthe ForuminInglewood,California,tocatchEricClapton,GingerBaker, and Jack Bruce on the Cream farewell tour. A major buzz of excitementtickledmyears.Ilookedaround,andafewrowstomyrightI observed Jimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and George Harrison sitting outfrontwiththefans.Asmanyinthecrowdofeighteenthousand cametorealizethis,theexcitementinthearenabuilttofeverpitch. Thiswasafantasticnighttobeatarockconcert!Jimi!Mitch!ABeatle!And Cream!Too much! Claptonwasincrediblyhandsome,andJackBrucetheessenceof macho.Red-haired,wild-eyedGingerBakerwasademonondrums. Althoughrumorhaditthattheyweresickofoneanother,Creamperformedasabrilliantcohesiveunit,andtheirhypnoticsongs,suchas “Sunshine of Your Love” and “White Room,” brought fans to their feetagainandagain. Russ Shaw, an effervescent young promotion man from Jimi’s recordlabel,approachedme.“Sharon,doyouseehowthey’rereacting to Hendrix? Even when he’s just sitting. Isn’t this fabulous!” We grinnedinfellowship,becauseseeingstars“happen”wasoneofthe thingsthatwassowonderfulaboutlivinginL.A.inthelatesixties;we werestillkids,notlongoutofschool,anddefinitelygratefulforthe opportunities and special perks our jobs brought us. “I want you to comebackstageafterCream’slastencore,”hesaid.“IbelieveyoualreadyknowJimi.”Ismiledbutdidn’tcomment.“I’lltakegoodcareof you,”Russpromised. JimRissmiller,oneoftheconcertpromoters,atall,fair-haired, youngCaliforniaguywhowassoontobecameamajorforceinbringingleadingEnglishandAmericanrockgroupstoLosAngeles,handed meatinyslipofpaper,thekindyouwouldfindinafortunecookie.It readTHE CREAM BACKSTAGE.ItwasthefirstbackstagepassI’deverseen. 106
Jimi Hendrix Aftertheclimaxofthehigh-octaneconcert,whichleftHendrix, Mitch, and Harrison clapping and cheering like enraptured teenyboppers, I shyly stepped through the VIP entrance, an opening in a curtained-off section near the arena stage. A long hall led to a spacious,well-furnishedreceptionroomadjacenttothelockerroomof theLakersbasketballteam. HerethetopfiguresintheL.A.recordhierarchy,drinksandcigarettesinhand,weremixingandminglingwithoneanother,gawking at Cream, and trying to figure out ways to meet Jimi Hendrix and GeorgeHarrison,bothgarbedintrendyKingsRoadfineryandsitting casuallyonabasketball-player-sizesofa.Imovedthroughtheroom, noddingandsayingquickhellostorecordexecutivesandlocalmusicians I knew, sipping from a glass of champagne handed to me the momentIenteredtheroom. “Hey!”Jimisaidinthatfamiliarwhisperyvoice,gentlypullingat mybluevelvetjacket.“Comesitdown.”Isoonfoundmyselfinspirited conversation with Hendrix, Clapton, and Harrison. We compared notes about our favorite soul singers and bands. “The boys” weresurprisedthatIwasawareofthesongsandstylesofJackieWilson,Bobby“Blue”Bland,SamCooke,andalltheothersI’dlistenedto onKGFJinLosAngelessinceIwastenyearsold. “Sharon’sveryhip,”declaredJimi. They couldn’t believe it when I said I must leave because I was dueatworkatseveninthemorning. “Every day,love?”Harrisonwasaghastatthethought. “Justabout,”Isaid,embarrassedbecauseitsoundedsogeeky. Hendrixhadmentionedthathewouldbedoingsomerecording inLosAngelesoverthecomingweeks,gettingastartonthenextalbum.“Willyoucomeandtellmewhatyouthink?”heasked.Watch andlistentoJimicreatingoriginalmusic?Iwassurprisedbytheinvitation—andhonored. At8:30 P.M.thefollowingTuesday,IdroppedbyTTGStudios,a compactfacilityonaquietsidestreetinthelong-establishedindustrialareasouthofHollywoodandSunsetboulevards,wherefilmlabs 107
SHARON LAWRENCE and equipment companies abounded. TTG concentrated on sound andwasminusanyrockstardécororperkssuchashottubs.Nearby wastheoldstudiowhereRickyNelson’sfamilyhadfilmedTheAdventuresofOzzieandHarriet televisionshow. Oneoftheband’sroadiesgreetedmecheerilyanddirectedme through a narrow door into the control room. Expecting an aura of serious concentration, I stepped tentatively, quietly, so I wouldn’t disturbtheproceedings,takingaseatonacomfortablebenchbelow the recording console that looked directly into the window of the room where the Experience’s equipment was set up. Soon a young blackmansatdown,grinnedinafriendlyway,andmutteredintomy ear,“Areyouholding?”Iwasn’t ashipasJimithoughtandIhadn’ta cluethenthatthismeantdidIhaveanydrugstoshare? Jimi,lookingstressed,appeared.Hesmiledatme.“Oh!”hesaid. He nodded to the young man next to me, and then Hendrix strode intotherecordingstudiobehindtheglasstocheckthetuningonhis guitar. Asmallwaveofyoungwomenattemptedtoparadeintothetight space of the control room. Two sleek and gorgeous girls of color, eachwithanairofwondrousconfidence,casuallylookedoverabevy of long-haired white chicks in miniskirts and tight tops minus bras. Thicklashingsofmascaraand pale,glossy lipswerethemakeupdu jour. “ThoseblackgirlsareEmerettaandWinona,”oneoftheblondes whisperedtoherfriends.“They’refromNewYork!”Thenshesaidina toneclosetoawe,“They knowJimi!”Astheeveningprogressed,his musicwasofscantinteresttomostofthewhitegirls,whowerebusy comparing notes on musicians they’d slept with or wanted to sleep with.“Ican’twaitfortheStonestocometotown!Lookout,Keith!” oneofthemexclaimed.ThenNoelandMitchboppedin,evokingexcited giggling from the groupies; meaningful eye contact was exchanged. Afteralmosttwohourshadelapsed,Iwasboredwiththisscene,
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Jimi Hendrix andsinceIhadyettohearanymusicrecorded,Iquietlyslippedout intothenightair.
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ritingonadeadlineintheUPIofficelateintheafternoon,Iwas deep in concentration when the intercom rang. “Lawrence!”
thebureaumanagerbarkedinmyear.“SomeguynamedHendrixis onthephone.” “Ijustgotup,”Jimisaid.“AndI’msorryIwastedyourtimelast night. We’re gonna be at TTG for a few nights. I hope you’ll come back.” “I’dliketo,”Itoldhim.“Maybetomorrownight.” When I got there, Hendrix was working on vocals in a narrow, closetlike booth. Through the small window in the closed door, his facelookedtense.Ikeptmovingandtookaseatonthesamebench as before. It was just Angel the engineer and me in the room, both waitingforgreatness. Fiveminuteslaterastreamofgirlsdressedintheirbestmodfinerytroopedin,fillingtheroom.Theyhappilyeyedoneanother,atintervals touching up their hair and their makeup, delighting in inspectingthemselvesinprettylittlehandmirrors.Theybehavedlike chirping sparrows intent on capturing the same juicy worm. When Jimiwalkedin,theypracticallyhissedwithexcitement.Hendrixonly half smiled, completely focused on the lyrics he wanted to get on tapethatnight;hespokebrieflytoAngelandthenlopedaway.Noel andMitchwanderedintochatwiththechicks. Thesession didn’t gowell. Jimi, still nervous about hissinging, literally hid in the tiny vocal booth, making agonized attempts to soundstrongandassured,redoingthelyricsoverandover.Chashad toldmeHendrixlackedconfidenceinhisvocaltalent. Thegirlscontinuedtopreenthemselves,bynowboredandfuriously looking at their watches. Jimi left the booth, heading to the
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SHARON LAWRENCE board to speak to Angel. “Let’s go to the Whisky!” one of the girls begged,slitheringherfingersdownJimi’schest.NoelandMitchappeared pallid alongside their magnetic leader, and now they were grinningatthislittlemoment.Thesedaysitwasalways likethis. The Whisky was the rock club on the Sunset Strip, and its latenight menu paid tribute to Hendrix this way—“JIMI’S FAVORITE: Super-SausageonaWah-WahBun.” Finally the party dolls were politely urged by a roadie to disappear.NoelandMitchalsosplit,whileJimistayedtolistentotheplayback. He didn’t like what he heard, and, obviously annoyed with himself, he searched for his green jacket, putting it on as he wanderedouttothesmallhallway.Hereturnedalmostimmediately,took offthejacket,andwalkedintothestudio,standingtherealoneneara pileof tangled electrical cords. Angel and I glanced at eachother— whatnow?Hendrixpickedupaguitar,checkedthetuning,glanced atusthroughthewindow,andlaunchedintooneofhisclassicblues numbers—“There’s a red house over yonder. . . .” It was a long song, andheplayedandsangwithsomuchfeelingthatAngelcouldbarely speak.“Man,thatwasmagnificent,”hesaidwhenJimijoinedus.The songwasabrilliantandunexpectedgift. Jimismiled,withhiseyesaswellashislips.Hisperformancewas aformofapology.“SorryIputyouthroughallthatcaterwaulingbefore,”hesaidtome. “Thankyou,Jimi,”Isaid,grabbingmybrightbluecardiganand handbagfromthebench. “I’llwalkyoutoyourcar,”hesaid. Itwaspastmidnight,andwestoodatthecurblookingupintoa dark,mistysky.“Youandthebluesareamagiccombination,”Isaid. Itwasacommentasopposedtoacompliment. “WhenIwasalittlekid,”hesaid,“Iheardarecordplayingata neighbor’shouse turnedwayup.That songcalledtome,andnowI don’tevenrememberwhichoneitwas.Ileftmyyard,wentdownthe street,andwhenthesongwasover,Iknockedonthedoorandsaid, ‘Whowasthatplaying?’‘MuddyWaters,’theguysaid.Ididn’tquite 110
Jimi Hendrix understand. He repeated it and spelled it out—M-u-d-d-y. I heard more blues, of course, along the line when I was in school, and I fooled around trying to write the blues, but it wasn’t until I was workin’thechitlincircuitthatIheardawholemessofblues,usually onsouthernradiostations.WhenIwasalone,I’dplayeveryriff,every changeIcouldrememberfromtheradio.Isawitasholymusic.” Wesat for a while inthecaras Hendrix talked aboutrecording versusplayinglive.“It’sallabouttones,”hesaid.“Thisisveryimportanttoremember:It’sall abouttones.”Iaskedhimtoexplain.Softly, hesaid,“Youhearthesoundinyourheadoryourheart,andyousend a message to your fingers. That’s my technique.” He smiled at me. “Onagoodnight,itworks.” Whenhefinallygotoutofthecar,hesaid,“Nowdon’tforget!It’s allabouttones.”
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endrixhadtoldmethatIwaswelcomeatthestudio“whenever youhavetime.”WhenIdidreturntoTTG,IbroughtalltheEn-
glishmusicpapers—NewMusicalExpress,MelodyMaker,andDiscand MusicEcho—sentregularlytomebytheUPILondonbureau,withthe hopethattheLosAngelesbureauwouldcatchonthatpopmusicwas increasingly important and worth covering. I knew that Jimi, Noel,
Mitch,andEricBarrett,theirdevotedyoungguitartechnician,were homesickfornewsoftheLondonscene. IhandedJimiapagefromMelodyMaker. Itfeaturedareviewof hisnewsingle,“AllAlongtheWatchtower,”written,ofcourse,byhis greatinspiration,BobDylan.Hiseyesfocusedonparagraphsofhigh praiseforhiswork;itappearedasthoughhedidn’teverwanttoput downthatpage.WhenJimifinallylookedup,heconcentratedonme withequalintensity—browneyesglowing—andsaid,“Thankyoufor makingmesohappy.” Thiswasastartlingandunforgettablemomentforme;Hendrix’s reaction, his emotion, was extremely touching. That he cared so 111
SHARON LAWRENCE muchabouthismusic,thatthiscriticalvalidationwassomeaningful, was a powerful revelation. Later I was to realize that Jimi, perhaps more than any one of the hundreds of celebrities I’ve encountered, understoodhowveryfleetingsuccessandpublicapprovalcanbe.
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tanley Booth, the brilliant American writer, best known for his chroniclesoftheRollingStones,recallsthatinOctober1968he
had gotten hold of the Electric Ladyland album before its official release in the UK. It was his first visit to London at the peak of its grooviness, and Booth was looking forward to meeting Brian Jones, who had suggested lunch at the Casserole on Kings Road. The fair-
haired,trendilydressedJonesandhisgirlfriend,Suki,werecharmed byBooth’ssouthernaccent,andtheRollingStonewasthrilledwhen StanleytoldhimhehadthenewExperiencealbum.Brianwanteddetails—“What’sitlike?” Stanleylaughinglydeclared,“Morepsychedelicbullshit.” Briansighed:“Itold himtosticktotheblues!” ElectricLadyland, theExperience’sthirdalbum,wasfarmoreexperimentalthantheprevioustwo,featuringimaginativemusicalcollaborations with diverse musicians ranging from Stevie Winwood of TraffictotheJeffersonAirplane’sbassplayer,JackCassady.Fansand musiccriticsalikeweredazzledbyJimi’spowerhouseversionof“All Along the Watchtower.” In other words, the two-record set offered morethanahintthatJimiHendrixwaslookingtogoinanewdirectionandthatthetrioformatmightbewearingthinforhim. TrackRecords’ownersChrisStampandKitLambertwereproud ofwhatHendrixhadaccomplishedthusfarinhiscareer;hisrelationshipwiththemcontinuedtobeoneofmutualadmiration.“We,the world,hadtwobrilliantrecordsinElectricLadyland,”ChrisStampremembered.“WewereveryimpressedwithJimi’sprogress.Hewasthe first musician to use the studio as another instrument, which Chas didn’tgetatall.EitherChaswasgoingtogototallyoffthewallwith 112
Jimi Hendrix JimiorJimiwasgoingtohavetodoitonhisown.Thatwasinevitable; itcouldhavebeenevenbetterifChashadsomehowstayedinthere.” WhiletheirrelationshipwithJimiwasstrong,itwasquitedifferentwithNoelandMitch.Stampsaid,“Ididsomethingthatwaspoliticallyincorrectinasense,whichsetmeapartfromNoelandMitch, revolvingaroundtheElectricLadyland album.ThiswasJimi’sfirstmajorwork,thenextstepup.Iputtogetherthatalbumsleevewiththe nakedwomen.TherewasallthetalkthatJimididn’tlikethesleeve, but thiswasn’ttrue.Insideofthatalbumsleeve,Ihadthebeautiful photographofJimi,andItookthelibertyofputtingthewholeofitinside the double sleeve.” In the left- and right-hand corners, Stamp placedtwosmallphotographsofNoelandMitch.Thephotographof Hendrixworkedmagnificentlyintheartisticcontextofthesleeve,although it also visually overshadowed the image of the Experience. “NoelandMitchtookumbrageatthat,”Stampsaid,“whichIsortof understand.Still,theywerealreadyfeelingthisdraftbetweenthemselves.Ididn’tdoitinanykindofdeliberateway.”
W
estoodoutsideTTGonanOctobernight,smokingcigarettes. Hendrix said, “You and Chas and Lotta are friendly, aren’t
you?”
“Chashasbeenveryopenwithme,”Isaid,“andI’msorryyou’re notworkingtogether.” Jimi listened as though my opinion really mattered. “I hear sounds and tones, have ideas, that Chas doesn’t,” he said. “Why don’twegogetsomethingtoeat?Ineedabreak.” Itwaslate,andtheonlyplaceIcouldthinkofthatwouldbeopen andnotagreasydivewasNickodell,along-establishedrestauranta few blocks away. As we drove down to Melrose Avenue, Jimi said, “You probably know that Chas can’t stand most of the people that comearoundtheband,aroundme.I’vegotawholelotofso-called friendsthesedays.” 113
SHARON LAWRENCE So-called friends. What an interesting phrase, I thought. “Why don’tyoutellthemtobuzzoff?”iswhatIsaid. “Hardtodo,”Jimisaid.Hesighed. “Whoarethey?”Iasked. Jimishruggedanddidn’twanttotalkaboutit.Iwaitedhimout. Finallyheofferedaverballist.“Producers.Would-beproducers.Musicians. Guysthat want to be musicians or work for the band. Girls thatwanttobesingers.Dopeaddicts.Drugdealers.Aboutahundred millionchicksthatliketobearoundthescene.Designers.Models.A lotofguyswhowantorneedmoney.Afewthieves . . .”Iwondered how I’d feel in his position and knew I couldn’t imagine screaming, Get the hell out! Movie stars had secretaries or chauffeurs or occasionalbodyguardstodealwithextraneouspeoplesotheycouldkeep their glossy images. It seemed odd to me that his manager hadn’t hiredabodyguardforJimi. Nickodellgotthestudiocrowd—workingpeoplefromtheadjacentParamountandColumbiamovielots,agingbit-partactors,local characters.Heretheycouldsitincomfortableboothsandrelaxafter ahardday,receiveawelcomingsmilefromthelongtimewaitresses, and, in some cases, feel like “somebody,” right here in Hollywood, California. This restaurant was not glamorous; big-name stars seldom dropped in, unless they needed a cocktail fast. Nickodell was cozy;thefoodandtheboozewerepricedright. As we walked down an aisle to an empty booth, several of the customerslookedJimiover.Henoticed,hesmiledpolitely,andthey smiledback.Idoubtedthatanyoneintherestaurantwouldbefamiliarwithhismusic,buttherewasasensethatsomeofthesemenand womenunderstoodthathereallywassomebody. Jimi ordered a bowl of soup, a hamburger, and a Coca-Cola. I wentforthesoup.Wetalkedabouthitrecordsontheradio;hehad noticedthatKHJ,amajorAMstation,wasclosetotherestaurant.He broughtupwriting—curiousastohowlongittookmetowritea350wordfeatureora2,000-wordarticle.Iwantedtoknowwhatinspired himtostartwritingasong. 114
Jimi Hendrix Jimi’sbestideasforsongsoftencame,hesaid,“whenIfirstwake upandmyheadisbuzzingwithwordsandphrases . . . ideas,andI’m running around the hotel room searching for stationery. The first flash of an idea or line is always the best, if you can just capture it rightaway.I’mtryingtotrainmybrainsothatifI’vehadsomesolid sleep, I can wakeup with a song strong inmyhead;I don’t want to thinkaboutanythingelse.Othertimeswe’rerushingtogettotheairportandthenextgig;Imightwriteafewlinesontheplane,especially ifIhadamelodygoingwhileIwasbrushingmyteeth.” He took a bite of his thick hamburger and then another. “I’m starving!”hesaid.“Ineedtoeatmore.Whenyoutravelallthetime,it canbedifficultfindingadecentmeal.” “Don’tyouevervisityourfamilyandhaveahome-cookeddinnerortwo?”Iasked. “After six yearsI finally went back to Seattle this year,” he told me.“ItwentbetterthanIthoughtitmight.”Heconsideredthisfora minute. “Actually, it was two or three days after Les Perrin introducedyoutome,Ibelieve.”Helaughedatthesurpriseonmyface.“I haveasharpmemory!”Jimisaid.“Notbragging,justwarningyou!” TheelderlywaitressbroughthimarefillonhisCoca-Colawithout being asked, and he smiled at her. Jimi took a few sips and declaredcasually,“MydadneverthoughtI’damounttoahillofbeans, and now he kept wanting to have his picture taken with me. There waswaytoomuchposingforphotographs;itwasembarrassingand weird,withvariouspeopleliningupinfrontofmetositdownfortwo minutes.Click,click.Andthenextpersonsitsdown.Click,click.My fatherwasasbossyasever.Healwayshadvariousgirlfriends,butit seems he married this one. She’s Asian, with a mess of kids. June— that’s her name—is nice but starstruck, you know. Like really starstruck.Theywantmetocallher‘Mom.’Ididacoupleoftimes, butitstuckinmythroat.BecauseinmyheartIhavejustonemother, youknow.Theyallkeptaskingmewhatitfeltliketobeamillionaire. Quitenaturally,Ididtherightthing,gavethemsomemoney,bought whattheywanted.” 115
SHARON LAWRENCE A bittersweet mood hung in the air. I attempted to break it by teasing him, really piling it on. “A millionaire? Far out, man, you nevertoldme!You’retoo groovy.” Jimichuckled.“Anddon’tyouforgetit!”hesaid.Thenheadded, “I’llprobablyneverbeamillionaireifallthesedamnedlawyershave anythingtosayaboutit.” “Ireadinthepaperthatyoureceived some honor at your high school.” “Yeah, a welcome-back thing, at eight in the morning after we didashowthenightbefore.Jeffery’spublicityguyconcoctedit,Ibelieve. It felt really strange to be at Garfield again, especially since I nevergraduatedandtheyweregladtogetridofme,” Hendrixsaid. “We went back to play in Seattle for the second time a few weeks ago.” Jimiwrinkleduphisfaceasthoughhewerereflectingonhisrelationshipwithhishometown.“Ourrecordsaredoinggoodthere.Not greatbutgood.Thebestthinghasbeenseeingmygrandmother,my auntsandcousins,andafewoftheguysIusedtobeinbandswith.” Hetook a lastbiteand pushed his plateaway. “Themain thing thatconcernsmeaboutthefamilystuffismybrother.Idon’tthink he really remembers our mama. He was such a sweet little kid, and he’sstillgotallthatsweetnessfloatingaroundinside,buthecouldbe headingfortrouble.Beingrelatedtomeonlymakesitworseforhim. Don’tyouthink?” Inodded. Hepaid thecheckandplacedafifty-dollarbillon thetable for thewaitress. IdrovehimbacktoTTG.“Thiswasfun,”Jimisaidwarmly.Fun? I foundmuchofwhathetoldmesurprisingandsad.Itriedtosuppress ayawn,asIrealizedthatIwasdueatworkinfivehours. Several weeks later I asked Jimi if he’d heard from Bob Dylan abouthisversionof“Watchtower.”Heshookhishead,seeminglyunbotheredbywhatotherswouldconstrueasaslight.“BobDylanisa very busyperson,”hesaid. 116
Jimi Hendrix
J
imi’sinfluencewasbeingfeltculturallyacrossAmerica,notonlyin musicbutalsoinfashion.ThechangingHendrix“look”wassoin-
triguingandinnovativethatin1968Eye magazineaskedtointerview himasecondtimeforasplashyfeaturetitled“PrivateWardrobesof the Stars,” along with such diverse celebrities as Peter Fonda, Liza Minnelli,andBuffySainte-Marie.“TheywantedJimiverymuch,”Pat Costelloremembers,“andhewasflattered,butheinsistedthatNoel andMitchshouldbepartofthepiece.”FashioneditorDonnaLawson wrote, “Not since the Beatles have any pop star’s clothes and hair beenasemulatedasJimi’s.Hewearschainbelts,silverIndianbelts, scarvesaroundhiswaist,paisleyshawls,antiquebrooches,flowered chiffonblouses,andthreeringsatonetime.” LawsonwentontosayofHendrix,“Onachainaroundhisneck hewearsanorientalgreenjademedallion,agoldthree-leafclover,an elephant-hairring,acentaurarcherSagittariansymbol—Jimi’sbirthsign—andsometimesasurfer’scross.Girlsgivethemtohimandthe memorabiliagrowsallthetime. “Jimi,MitchMitchell,andNoelReddingusuallyshopinthesame places in London and the States. They once bought gear at Dandy FashionsinKingsRoadbeforedesignerJohnKrittlewenttotheBeatles’ boutique, the Apple. Now they stock up at Granny Takes a Trip andChrisJaggerandJay,boutiquesinLondon. . . . [In]NewYorkthey shopatStonetheCrow,theshopoverSalvationdiscotheque.InLos AngelestheyshopatDeVoss.” Chris Jagger is the talented singer/songwriter and younger brotherofMick.BeforeChrisbeganmakingsomefinerecordsofhis own,heandhisfriendJayputtogetheraLondonshopwheremanya trendyfoundsomethingspecialtowear.“WeknewagirlnamedJulia who had done some silk ties using inks, something not much done then,”Chrissaid.“Jay,mypartner,andIhadtheideathatsheshould makesomethingbigger,likeajacket,whichshedid.ItwasJulia’sown design,witheyesonthefront.Jimicametomindforthis,aswehad 117
SHARON LAWRENCE sold him clothes earlier, colored jackets and shirts. The jacket was sixtypounds.Hewasagentleman,andhealwayspaidforeverything, butwedidn’thustlehimeither!Wesharedaloveforbluesmusic,and thatwasimportanttohim.Thereisnopictureofustogether,andof coursewenever asked for an autograph.That would have beentoo crass!Hey,wewerehipthen!” The legendary silk “eye” jacket was purchasedat auction years laterbytheHardRockCaféfortwelvethousanddollars. BlairSabol,the Americancolumnistonhipfashion,wasa“mustread” in New York’s Village Voice newspaper in the late sixties and early seventies. She remembers, “First of all, Hendrix had incredible taste.Jimiwasit!Hisbeautifulheadbands.Hisvests.Hispants.Inthe earlydays,heworealotofOrientalfabricthatmenneverworeand opensilkshirtsandgorgeouskimonos.Hewasanabsolutetrendsetter.Other guys were walkingaround in bell-bottoms, and Jimi wore cutvelvetandthefabulousMoroccanstuff.Evenhisguitarstrapwas aworkofart.StellaandColettehadthatfunnylittleshopintheEast Village,andtheyreallydeckedhimout.” In1968,asintheyearprior,daysofffortheExperiencewereas rareasperfectpearls.PatCostellorecalls,“Evenwithhiscrazyschedule,Jimiwasalmostalwayscooperativeaboutdoingpressinterviews andphotosessions.HeisoneofaveryfewpeopleI’vemetinthemusicbusinesswhodidn’tgothroughaprimadonnaphase.Iremember pickinghimupinmidtowninataxionabittercoldwinter’sdayand goingallthewaydowntotheEastVillage.Itlookedlikesnowwhen wegotthere,andforsomereasonJimididn’thaveacoat,probablyso hewouldn’tmessuphisshirtforthisphotographysession.Whenwe were finished, I knew he must really be cold, because when we got downstairs,hehurriedtohuddleinadoorway,andsaid,‘Please,Pat, could you be the one to find a taxi? If I stand out in the street, you knowtheyaren’tgoingtowanttostopforme.’ ”Despitealltheattention and acclaim, Jimi understood from experience that success didn’topeneverydoor.
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CHAPTER EIGHT
All Along the Watchtower “Theremustbesomewayoutofhere,” saidthejokertothethief. There’stoomuchconfusion, Ican’tgetnorelief.” —BOB DYLAN
L
ulu’s television program has been very
successful,”MarianMasseysaid,“andquitedelightfultodo,withthe exceptionofthatdreadfulboyJimiHendrix.”Iraisedaneyebrowat thisunexpectedcomment,andshewaseagertoexplain.“Heandhis groupwereourguestsontheshowinJanuary.Theydidasong,and then he was supposed to do another one. He launched into it, changedhismind,andproceededtostartbabblingaboutCreamand Eric Clapton. Then they began to play a Cream song. It just spoiled everything.Wewereshortoftime.JimiHendrixisaterrible person.” Massey was the dedicated manager of energetic, big-voiced youngLulu,theGlasgow-bornpopsongstress,whosesongs“Shout” and“ToSirwithLove”hadbeenhugehitsaroundtheworld.IwasinterviewingLuluabouthercareerwhenhermanagermovedawayto
SHARON LAWRENCE takeatelephonecall.Lulusmiledatmeanddeclared,“Itwasreally great when the Experience were on the show,” she said. “I’m a big fan!Jimiperformed‘VoodooChile’andstartedinto‘HeyJoe,’buthis guitar went out of tune so he, Noel, and Mitch really worked over ‘SunshineofYourLove.’Itwasfab!Absolutelyfab!” AfterthedepartureofChasChandler,theExperiencetookonthe dynamics of an airplane that was seriously veering off course. Mike Jeffery, as ever, concentrated on his own interests while the band continueditsintensetouringschedule.Wheneverpossible,Jimiwas eagertolosehimselfintherecordingstudio.ThiscrampedNoeland Mitch’sstyle;theygrewboredwithlongnightsofwaitingwhileHendrix,oftensurroundedbyaphalanxoftheso-calledfriends,tookhis timedecidingwhatsoundshewantedorengagingintakeaftertake ofanewsong.WhilearecordingstudiomighthavebeenoneofJimi’s favoriteworlds,thiswasnottrueforNoelandMitch.Youngandeagertoparty,ReddingandMitchellsavoredtheirstatusasAmerican pop stars. On days off in Los Angeles, after sleeping into the afternoonwheneverpossible,theypreferredaleisurelyeveningschedule, taking theirtimetoselectand adorn themselvesinthe latest smart clothesbeforetheywentclubbing.MarioMaglieri,themajordomoof the Whisky A Go-Go, found Jimi to be “quiet and gentlemanly; he neverwantedafusstobemadeoverhim.” NoelandMitch,however,boyishlyenjoyedbeingcateredtoand greetedlikeroyaltyinthenightspots.AtypicalexamplewasRedding phoningTheeExperience,MarshallBrevitz’snewclubontheSunset Stripnamedafterthetrio,toinquirewhenRickDerringer’sbandwas goingon.Whentold,Noelsighedindisappointment,realizingthathe couldn’tgettherethatsoon.“Nottoworry,”assuredBrevitz.“Would ten be better than nine-fifteen for you?” On occasions when Jimi himselfshowedup,wordspreadlikewildfireandthevenuewassuddenly packed with customers. “Just to see him close up was mindblowing,” recalls a former Sunset Strip habitué, “and if he jammed, welostourminds!” An added bonus in the growth of the club scene included in120
Jimi Hendrix creasingly blatant displays of drugs offered for sale, usually in the parkinglotandthemen’sroom,aswellasfree“samples”forVIPcustomers.DrugdealersfromthroughoutCaliforniaconvergedonSunset with their portable candy stores of new pills, “dynamite Colombian,”andSanFrancisco’sfinestacid.Aradiodiscjockeywho frequentedTheeExperienceusedtolovinglyrefertoNoelandMitch as“thejuniorchemists.”“Theywillswallowanything,”hechuckled. “AndeveryoneknowsthatHendrixisadrugfreak.” ThiswasatypicalcommentutteredaboutHendrix,mostoften by those who had never met him. Wild music, wild sex, wild drugging—wasn’tthatwhatJimiHendrixwasallabout?Whataluckyguy; hecoulddoashedamnedpleased!Justwavinghis“freakflag”high, minusanyworldlycares. Hendrix didn’t see it that way. Michael Jeffery, plus assorted lawyersandaccountants,calledhimalltoofrequentlytospeakoffinancialconcerns.WhentheExperiencetookevenashortbreak,cash flow and the rapidly improving lifestyles of all the band’s “support team”wereaffected—“Gottakeepthosemonkeysworking,”wasthe wayJimionceexpressedhiscynicalviewofthenever-endingfinancial pressure.Hedidn’tliveinadaydream;Hendrixwasthefirsttorecognizethatherequiredmoneytocovertouringandrecordingexpenses and salaries, legal bills and managementcommissions. “I just wish,” hetoldme,“thatwhenIgetallthosephonecallswiththemoneyblahblah talk, someone could ask, ‘How are you, Jimi?’ before they start in.”Ashespoke,IthoughtabouttheironicfactthatHendrix’spublic imagewasofapowerful“coolcat,”whohadachievedalevelofsuccess that gave him the freedom to do everything his way. The world didn’tknowthatJimihadlongagobeenbrainwashedbytheadmonitions he’d heard over and over in childhood—“Don’t get in the way. Don’t makeafuss.”Asanadulthewaswillingtoputupwithwhatever hemustinordertokeepplayinghisguitar. In February 1969 the Experience had played two shows in the splendoroftheVictorian-designedRoyalAlbertHallinLondon,with their pal Eric Burdon as a support act. Burdon enthusiastically gave 121
SHARON LAWRENCE input into the filming of the performances for a project with the workingtitleofTheLastExperience. NowfreeofMichaelJeffery,Burdon had become a management client and, he was led to believe, “partner”ofSteveGoldandJerryGoldstein;thesetwohadendlessly hustled Hendrix to allow them to film the concert for their aptly namedcompany,Far-OutProductions. Weeks after the Royal Albert Hall filming, Jeffery telephoned fromNewYork,interruptingalatemorningofHendrix’ssongwriting inLosAngeles,tosavagelytearintoEricBurdon’snewmanagement and predict what a disastrous mess the film of The Last Experience wouldbe.Recountingitalltome,Jimisaid,“Thestoryisalwaysthe same. ‘We love you! We’ll all get rich together.’ Gold and Goldstein get high and dress their pathetic version of cool, but they’ve got addingmachinesforminds;they’reloadedwithbadvibes.Iseethem asweekendhippies,justplayingtherole.Andwhat’swrongwithEric Burdon?Heshouldknowbetter!AfterfinallygettingloosefromJeffery,howcouldhefallinwiththosetwo?Andwhy doesMikebother mewiththisstuff?He’s supposedtobethebrilliantmanager.DidItell youthatJeffery’sboughthimselfahouseupinWoodstock?Speaking ofanotherweekendhippie . . .” Itwasabeautifulspringday;Ihadputinsomuchunpaidovertime thatIwastakingadayofffromwork.Hendrixhadphonedearlier,ashe atearoom-servicebreakfast,toaskifIwantedtogorecordshopping withhim.Hewouldsendalimousine,hesaid.Ihadlaughedathim— “L.A.ismyturf.I’lldothedriving.”NowIsatsilentlyinthelivingroom of his hotel suite as he muttered and cursed; I had never heard Jimi carryonlikethisbefore.Iwatchedasheorganizedasheafoflyricsand carefully hid them under the sofa cushions. Hendrix had unhappily come to the conclusion that someone who worked for the band was “nosing around,” he said, and regularly removing assorted personal itemsfromhishotelroom.Hepatteddownthecushions.“Iamwaking up to business,” he said. “I am sick of being walked on.” Finally he smiled,andswitchedgears.“Let’sgouptothefunkypartofHollywood andseeifwecanfindthatoldrecordshopthathasthebluesalbums.” 122
Jimi Hendrix Thestorewasclosed.I turnedthecararoundanddroveslowly down the once glamorous, now crumbling boulevard. As we approached the exotically designed Grauman’s Chinese Theatre, Jimi said, “One day let’s come back here and look at all the movie-star foot-andhandprints,okay?WhenIwasstarvinginthescuzzypartof Hollywood,Ialwayswantedtoexplorethatcourtyardandtakeapeek in the theater. There might be a whole other world in there.” I maneuvered into a no-parking zone in front of Grauman’s, as close as possibletothesectionwhereafewfamousprintscouldpartiallybe viewed from the street. Jimi, with his less-than-perfect eyesight, peered out the open car window for a couple of minutes. Then he placedhisownhandsonthecardashboard,inspectingthemwitha subtlesenseofpride.“Igetmyhandsfrommymother,”hesaid.“She wastiny,butshehadverylongfingers.” Fromcommentshe’dmadeinthepastmonths,IknewthatJimi possessed a deep yearning that his mother somehow could know he’ddoneherproud,thathe’dfoundhiswayoutintothebigworld and his musical talent counted for something. He had told me, “I wouldgiveanythingifmymothercouldseemeplaytheguitar.”He always spoke warmly of Noel’s mother and of Mitch’s parents, who welcomedhimintotheirhomesandtreatedhimwithsincereinterest and kindness. Jimi was effusive in his thanks when my own mother senthimahomemadestrawberryshortcake,afterhe’dmentionedto heronthetelephonethathelovedstrawberries.Hesoneededtobe treatedasahumanbeingandnotastar. When I dropped Jimi off at the hotel, Noel was standing in the smallparkinglot.Hecalledout,“Sharon,Imustbuyyouadrink!” “Havefun!”saidJimiinmyear.“There’snothingmoreexciting thangettingtohearaboutFatMattress!” Overhisvodkaandmyscotch,Noelhappilyreeledoffthedates thatFatMattresswasplayingasasupportactontheExperiencetour, includingSeattle.“I thoughtHendrix didn’t wanttoplaytherefora while,”Isaid.“Iwouldn’tknow,lovie,”Noelsaid.“Cometothinkof it, he almost never talks about home. Maybe he got sick of all that 123
SHARON LAWRENCE rain up there.” He chuckled as he spoke. “You must know that our Jamesisverymuchaladofthepresent.” Noel,wellmanneredandamusing,waswrappedupinNoel.He enjoyedtellingmeabouthisplans;alwaystheemphasiswasonmakingalotofmoney.Hespentfreely,writingdowneachexpenditurein a little notebook. “You don’t write down your drug bills, do you?” I joked.“Incode,love,”hesaidwithawink. ThecamaraderiethatNoel,Mitch,andJimihadshareddefinitely appeared to be in jeopardy. Whenever Hendrix mentioned his concerns about the Experience, I came up with Girl Scout rhetoric like, “HaveyoutalkeditoutwithNoelandMitch?”or“Youguysneedtosit downandmakeaplan.”Jimiwouldsigh,makingcommentssuchas, “I’m nothing without Mitch” or “I wish Noel wasn’t on Planet Redding.” Jimigavehandwrittenletters—respectfulandfromtheheart—to NoelandMitchasanattempt,hesaid,“tokeepthingstogether,”and although he didn’t think much of Fat Mattress’s music and wished that Noel had not pushed for his new group to open for the Experience,Hendrixhadagreedinorderto“keepitallcool,”hesaid.
I
wasdroppingoffarecordalbumhe’daskedtoborrow.Thedoorto his suite was ajar, and Jimi sat on the living room sofa, sorting
throughthreestacksoflegalandfinancialdocuments.“Hi,”Isaid. Helookedup,unsmiling.“Sowho’sgoingtobethenewme?”he asked.“JamesTaylor?” Wow! I thought. I understood that his insecurities were part of
whatdrovehistalent,butthesewordsinthisgrimtonehithard.Jimi maderoomformeonthesofa.“Weshouldwarnhim!”hesaid. Astrongbuzzcirculatedintherecordbusinessthesedaysabout the potential of singer/songwriter James Taylor. Hendrix admired Taylor;he’dheardabouthimearlyonfromtheBeatles,whohadsigned himtotheirApplelabel.“IwasjustthinkingasIreadallthis stuffhow 124
Jimi Hendrix one minute you can be so up, so positive, and the next minute you feellikenothingatall,”hesaid. “Butyou’ll alwaysbeoneofakind,” Itoldhim,“and that’s the onlycomplimentyougetfromme.”IpulledtheStevieWonderalbum outofmytotebag.Jimi’sfacelitup.“ImetStevieinLondonawhile back,”hesaid.“Wedidn’tgetachancetotalk,butwediddoatiny bit of jamming. He played drums! And, of course, the way he plays thatharmonicaispuregenius.” This was a word that many of Hendrix’s peers applied to him. CarefullyIasked,“Doyouthinkthatyou areagenius?” He swatted my shoulder. “Don’t say that. No, no. Technically, I’mnotevenaguitarplayer.AllIplayistruthandemotion.” Anywhereaguitarwaswithinreach,JimiHendrixwashome. Hiseyes,hisearswereconstantlydrawntothisinstrumentthat hetrulylivedfor.Itcouldbeacheapieplayedonastreetcorner,afine oldGibsonbroughttointeresthiminbuying,orahotelloungemusician’searlyStratocaster.IfafancarryingaguitarranintoHendrixand summonedupthecouragetoaskaquestion,Jimitreatedtheperson andthequestionwithgenuineinterest,makingsuggestions;ifhehad time,hewasquicktodemonstrate.Itwasn’tamatterof“beingniceto a record buyer”—these encounters brought him personal pleasure. “Quite naturally, I learn about guitars every single day,” he told me. “I’vegotalottolearn.I’llalwaysbelearning;that’s whatmakesmusic soenjoyabletome.WithoutaguitarI’dbeasquawkingoldhen!” If the Experience were staying in the same hotel for several nights,JimilikedtokeepaStrat,asmallamp,andanacousticguitar with him. On several occasions he played bits of new songs he was workingonforme,orhe’dlaunchunexpectedlyintoaclassicalriffor hisversionofaBeatlessong.Hesmiledincontentmentasheplayed. Ialwaysfeltprivilegedtolisten. WhenIthinkofthe“realJimi,”itismomentslikethisthatcometo mind.Hewouldplayhisguitarforperhapstwoorthreeminutes,then pausetocomment,“Now,I’vetoldyouit’sallabouttones.Butremember, when you’re writing a song, musically or in the words, it’s also 125
SHARON LAWRENCE aboutcolors.Thinkingaboutaspecificshadeofacolorpaintspictures inmymindthatIwantinthesong.Forinstance,orangeisaveryinsecurecolor;ithasn’tyetdecidedifitwillberedoryellow.”Hetoldme thatwhenhewasworkingonasong,heoftenrememberedpartsofhis lifethathewantedtoforget.“IfIputthesefeelingsinthelyrics,inthe music, sometimes I feel cleansed. Words can be—” He stopped, searchingfortheprecisethought,hiseyestightinconcentration. “Likevolcanoesofemotion,”Isaidquietly. “Yes! Yes. Yes.” Jimi seemed thrilled with this phrase that had cometomeoutoftheblue. “Wordscanbelovelyorfragileoruglyorbreathtaking,”Ioffered. “Oh, yes!” he agreed. He was a high school dropout; I hadn’t lastedlongincollege,butweboththrivedontheseconversations. OftenthelyricsI’dseenonapageofhotelstationerycametolife in a way I never could have imagined when he added music. “MachineGun,”“Izabella,”and“BellyButtonWindow”wereamongthe songsIsawinseveraldifferentdrafts.Emotionalpowersoaredfrom his guitar, punctuating his themes, his feelings, when he put the songs down on tape. Jimi would watch me as I read his words. He grinned when I laughed at the “chocolates” in “Belly Button Window,”butIalsointerpretedseriouspersonalissuesinthatsong;we brieflydiscussedthoseconcerns.OfcourseIrealizedthathe wasthe unwanted baby in the song and that the words were different, a bit funny,andawholelotpoignant,andIsaidprettymuchthattohim.I alsosaidthatitwasadarnedunusualsongforabig-dealperformerto do.Jimitookthisasacompliment. Impressed by the care Jimi took in his lyric polishes, I saw the work of a dedicated lyricist who corrected misspellings and, sometimesbutnotalways,grammar.Hewentforsoundinwordsaswellas music. It was never all about him, which was unusual in Starland. Jimi likedtoheartalesofmyjob,fromgrumpybossestomyinterviewson movie sets and locations, in studio commissaries, and in fancy restaurantsliketheBrownDerbyandScandia.Hesippedherbteaor 126
Jimi Hendrix orange juice and devoured strawberries by the dozen, smiling contentedly as he quizzed me on the latest movie actor or director I’d written about. First I interviewed the celebs; then Hendrix interviewedme.Icouldbeoutspokenandsarcastic,andJimiwouldlaugh andlaughinreactiontomysmart-assasides. Hereally wantedtoknowaboutothercreativepeople—howthey lived, how they worked. What kind of goals had they set for themselves?Whoassistedoradvisedthem?Weretheyhappy?Formeone ofJimi’smostappealingcharacteristicswashiseagernesstolearn. IdescribedstrollingwithOscar-winningdirectorGeorgeStevens atsunriseintheNevadadesertasheexplainedhowhewasgoingtoset uptheshotsfortheday’swork.ItoldJimiaboutFritzLang,therevered director of such classic films as Metropolis and M: “Fritz is in his late seventies, wears a black eye patch, and after he escaped from the NazisandcametoAmerica,thefirstthinghedidwasdrivehundredsof milestoseetheIndiansoftheSouthwest.”Langwasalsowellversedin science fiction, another subject that deeply interested Hendrix. StevensandLangwerehighlyrespectedfilmdirectorsthroughoutthe world. It was meaningful to Hendrix to hear that men of such lofty standinghadenduredtheirownstruggleswiththecreativelifeandhad feltasfrustratedashedidoveralove-haterelationshipwithfame. I mentioned a special trip to Henri Matisse’s studio in Nice, France, and being the only person there looking out the window at the same scene the artist had viewed fifty years prior—shimmering sea,trees,roses—andwhatithadmeanttome.“Ihave togothere!” hesaid. ItwasobviousthatJimi’sprimaryinterestwasthatthesemenof uniquevisioncontinuedcreatingand/orusingtheirpowerfulimaginationsalltheirlives.Thiswaswhathewantedforhimself.“Iwantto playmyguitarforever.Forever,”heemphasized. OneafternoonItoldhimIfeltthatatsomepointintime—inthis worldorthenext—ifheweretoenteraroomofgreatmusiciansand composers, among them Beethoven and Mozart, they wouldrecognize and welcome him. A naïve thought, perhaps, but I believed it 127
SHARON LAWRENCE thenasIdonow.Jimididn’ttakethisasflattery.Asheandhismusic evolved, he believed absolutely in the continuity, the kinship, of inspiredmusicmakersthroughtheages.AsmuchasJimiHendrixoften livedinthemoment,hissenseofthemeaningofmusicwentfarbeyondarockfestivalorahitsingle.Whenhewasdeepintoanelevated thought, his spirituality, his message, burned as an incandescent flame.Onstageandoff.
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nApril26theExperienceplayedoneofitsmostimportantCaliforniaconcertssincehittingthebigtime,attheForum.Among
the eighteen thousand fans attending were hip young men sporting
tie-dyedT-shirtsandbluejeansandfashion-consciousgirlsingauzy peasantblousesandminiskirts.Butnomatterhowmuchtimethey’d spentgettingreadyfortheshow,whenJimi,Noel,andMitchtookthe stage, their admirers forgot about looking trendy; their eyes were gluedtotheband.Themusicbuilttoafeverpitch,andHendrixwas moreexcitingthisnightthanhisrapidlygrowingLosAngelesfanbase couldhandle.Hundredsofdevoteespushedpastmorethanameasly dozensecurityguardsfrontingthestage,hurlingthemselvesasclose toJimiastheycouldget.Girlsandguysalikeriskedbodilyharminthe crush,desperatetocatchJimi’seye,touchhisboots,scream thatthey lovedhim,thatyes,theywereexperienced! The Experience was one of the first bands in these early days of therockexplosiontodrawthissudden,emotional,anddramaticreactionattheForum.Halfsittinginmythird-rowseatintheperfectspot toviewtheentirestage,Ifoundthispandemoniumbreathtakingand thrilling!Ilovedwatchingthecrowdaswellastheperformers,andtonight was an ecstatic eyeful. Jumping to my feet to see more of the lovefesttakingplaceatJimi’sfeet,Isuddenlyfeltsomeonetakeholdof myarmandpullmeforward,awayfromthegrowingrushtothestage. Iwasfuriousasthis . . . thispersonpulledmegentlybutfirmlytoward the orange curtains at the side of the stage. “I don’t want you to get 128
Jimi Hendrix hurt!”saidRussShaw,theniceyoungguyfromRepriseRecords.“It’s rough out there!” He meant well, but now, to my great disappointment,Icouldviewonlypartoftheelectricallychargedmeleeinstead ofall.IsmiledasIobservedJimi,Noel,andMitchgrinningandlaughing at one another, soaking up their popularity. It made me tremendouslyhappytoseethatitwasallgoingtoworkbetweenthem. The next day the bureau manager at UPI called me in and told mehewantedmetointerviewJimiHendrix“immediately.”Frowning as if I’d been remiss, he said, “I can’t understand why you haven’t written a featureon him already.He’sthe blackguythatcalls here, right?He’sbecomingverypopular.”Inodded,unabletotellhimthat IknewfartoomuchaboutHendrix,mostofwhichwouldnotfitinto someeasygoingfeaturestyle.“Findout,”mybosssaid,“whatit’slike totravelontheroadmakingallthatmoney.Getsomestoriesabout thefans.Whoarethey?NewYorkwantsyourstorythisweek.” ItelephonedHendrix,andwesetitupfortheafternoonofMay1 attheBeverlyRodeoHotel.Jimisoundedexcitedabouttheinterview: “Thiswillbefun!We’reflyingtoDetroitlater.Igottagetmyclothes fromthedrycleaner.WecantalkwhileIpack,okay?” Itdidn’tturnouttobefunatall.HissuitewaslikeGrandCentral Station,fullofconfusionandinterruptions.Iendedupwithnothing thatwouldlend itselftothe type of lighthearted feature belovedby UPI’sNewYorkbureau.Thatafternoonstuckinmymindbecauseit was one of the few times I had everreturned to myoffice to admit, embarrassed,“Theinterviewdidn’thappen.”
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nMay3,1969,theRoyalCanadianMountiesswoopeddownon JimiHendrixashe,Noel,andMitchweregoingthroughcustoms
in Toronto, after flying across the border from Detroit. A piece of Jimi’shandluggagewasinspectedandtakenawayforfurtherexamination,andultimatelyhewaschargedwithpossessionofheroin. According to bystanders, Jimi’s face expressed genuine shock 129
SHARON LAWRENCE whentheword“heroin”wasused.Hewasreleasedonbail,andavery shakenbandwentontoperformastrongconcertthatnightatMaple LeafGardens. Several days later at the Los Angeles news bureau where I worked,myattentionwascalledtoabriefwirestoryoutofCanada. “HeySL,don’tyouknowthisguythatgotbustedforheroin?”someonecalledtome. Iscannedthebriefreport. “Youhangin’outwithajunkie?”mycolleagueinquired. “No,Idon’thaveanyreasontothinkHendrixisajunkie,”Isaid, “butifthisistrue,Iwouldn’tbedoinganyhangingouteither.”Iwas matter-of-fact, assuming that a mistake had been made; from time totime,wereceivedwirestoriesthatwereinaccurateandweresoon corrected. Iwascompletelyopposedtoharddrugs.Mostofmyfriendswho diddopeonaregularbasisfeltthatheroinwasthelinethatcouldnot be crossed; it was a word, a drug, that they didn’t joke about. Less thantwomonthsbefore,Ihadenduredadevastatinginterviewwitha popular entertainer who was so high on “smack”—as his manager later admitted to me—that he smoked one cigarette after another, puttingouttheendofeachstill-fierybuttwithhisfingertips.Disillusioned, not to mention horrified, I couldn’t wait to leave his office, shakilymuttering,“Thanksforyourtime!” There was nothing about the Hendrix arrest in the Los Angeles papers,butIsoonreceivedaninterofficemessagefromareporterin the UPI Londonbureau who mentioned the arrest and saidthat the word around London was that someone had arranged to plant the heroinonHendrix.Preciselywhyandwhowasthemystery. IconsideredJimiHendrixagreattalentandafinehumanbeing whohadovercomegreatoddsinhistroubledlife.AlmosteverymusicianIknewdidsomesortofdrugs,buttherewasn’toneofthemthat Iwouldcontinuetoassociatewithifhewasplayingwithharddrugs, andthatincludedHendrix. Twoweekslater,onaweekendtripwithmyfamily,wedrovea 130
Jimi Hendrix hundredmilesdownthecoastfromLosAngelestotheexquisiteseasideresortofLaJolla,avillagewevisitedseveraltimesayear.Thedisc jockeyonthelocalradiostationwasrevvedupwithexcitementover thefactthattheJimiHendrixExperiencewouldbeplayingattheSan DiegoSportsArenathisverynight.Iknewthattheywerestillontour, butI’dassumedtheywereinsomeotherpartofthecountry. Laterthatglorious,sunnySaturdaywithitsnear-perfecttemperatures,Icruisedtwentyminutesfartherdownthecoast.Ifiguredthe Experience hadn’t arrived yet, so I would find my way to the arena andseeifticketswerestillavailable.Asluckwouldhaveit,thefirst sightIsawasIcameoffthenarrowexitwasalarge,brightlycolored equipmenttruckparkedinahotellotwithacheerydriverwavingat me.“Hello,love.Goodtoseeyou!”ItturnedouttobeoneoftheExperience’sroadies.AfewfeetawaystoodNoelandMitch,smilingin mydirection.
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imi had the drapes drawn against the afternoon sun, and he was
standingatanironingboardinhishotelroom,wearingjeansanda
peach-coloredfloweredsilkkimono.Helookedserious andnotinthe moodforconversation.“I’mtired,”hesaid.“Toomuchtravel.” “Youneedsomerest,”Ireplied,takingthehint.“I’mgoingonback toLaJollafordinner.”Irosefrommychair.“I’llseeyouattheshow.” “I’msorryI’mgrumpy,”hesaid.“Sitbackdown.Please.”Heattempteda smile, but his face was tight, his brow furrowed, and the smiledisintegrated.Isattherewatchinghowcarefullyhepressedthe rufflesonasatinshirtheplannedtowearonstagethatnight. “A while ago,” I said, “I heard something quite surprising, and thenIgotverybusyandputitoutofmymind.Isittruethattheband wasarrestedinCanada?” Jimiglaredatme.“Itwasn’ttheband,”hesaid.“I wasarrested.” His voice shook with humiliationandfear. “Whatever I havedone,” hesaid, “gettinghooked onheroin is notone of them. I’mafraidof 131
SHARON LAWRENCE needles.Ialwayshavebeen.Drugsaresupposedtobefun.I’veseen realjunkies.NoddingoutintheguttersofNewYork.That’s notfun. Yeah,Iknowpeoplewhodoheroin.” Miserably, he inspected the shirt, gave it a couple more deft toucheswiththehissingiron.Thenheadjustedtheshirtneatlyona hangerinthecloset,unpluggedtheiron,anddeclareddefiantly,“I’m willingtostandnakedinthatcourtroom.Theywon’tfindanyneedle marks!” Defiance quickly turned to tears. “Damn!” Hendrix headed to thebathroomandcameoutmoppinghisfacewithatowel. Ashepulledhimselftogether,Iwasrememberingsomething . . . almost. Weeks earlier, when we had attempted to do the interview, therewasthesoundofatoo-eagervoicethathadstuckinmyhead. Someoneholdingsomething,wavingitaround.Who?What? Bytheir training, reporters remembered conversations and noted settings. Plus,Ihadinheritedagoodmemory;itcameinhandyinmyjob. “Iwanttoaskyouaquestionaboutwhatwasfoundatcustoms—” Hemovedawayandsharplycutmeoff.“I’mnotsupposedtotalk aboutthis.” “Was a bottle with a yellow top involved?” I was remembering more,andIattemptedtopresshimonthis. He whirled around. “How could you know that?” He sounded suspicious,evenparanoid. Ishruggedandlefttheroom. That night the Experience delivered a great performance, with Noel’sbandFatMattressasoneoftheopeningacts.Ibelievethiswas thefirsttimeI’deverheardJimiplay“LittleWing”live;itwasoneof thehighlightsoftheevening. Backstageaftertheshow,Noelwassweetandcharming.“How didyoufeelabouttheMattress,love?”heasked. “It’sagoodgroup,Noel.” “But . . . ?” he pressed, picking up on my lack of wild enthusiasm. “Youneedacoupleofbig songs,”Isaidquietly.Outofthecorner 132
Jimi Hendrix ofmyeye,IwatchedHendrixconversingwiththreerecord-company promotionmenandahandfuloflocalmusicwriters.IkissedNoelon thecheekandwalkedovertoJimi. “Whenyouhaveamoment . . .”Isaid. He finished with the men, and we moved to a corridor outside thedressingroom.Igotstraighttothepoint:“Whenweweretrying tohavethatinterviewinLosAngelesandyouwerepackingtoleave, therewassomeoneoutsidethedoorwhopushedherwayinandhad abottlewithayellowtop.” “Yousawthis?”Jimiwasastonished. “Ahippiechick—”Isaid. “Atthedoor?”heasked. “Yes!Doyouknowhername?” Heshookhishead.“Ididn’tknowmostofthepeopleinandout oftheroom.Itwashotthatafternoon.Iwantedtogetabreezegoing, soIhadthedooropen.” “She was wearing long love beads; they swayed as she leaned intotheroom,”Isaid.“Ibelieveit’sinmynotes,becauseitwaspretty obvious that we were never going to get the interview done, so I scribbledafewnotesaboutfansandconstantinterruptions.AsIwas watching Noel’s band tonight, I was thinking about that afternoon, tryingtorememberwhatitwasabouttheflashofthatyellowtop.I mayevenhaveitallonacassette.Thatgirlwassopushy,thewayshe spoke.” “That’sright,you’dbroughtthatbigoldSonyrecorder!”Hisface was a study in relief. “It’s the weekend. I’ll call my lawyer Monday. Canyoutellhimwhatyouremember?Andplaythetape?”Thewords virtuallyflewoutofhismouth.
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teve Parker was a young college student when Jimi, Noel, and MitchappearedattheSantaClaraFairgroundsonMay25,1969.
Herecalledthattheaudience,photographers,andeventhesecurity 133
SHARON LAWRENCE guardsweremesmerizedastheywatchedJimi’sintensephysicaland emotionalconcentrationonhismusic.Likeasleekracehorse,sweat glisteningoffhisfaceundertheheatoftheafternoonsun,hewasa champion, their champion. “We understood that he was giving us everything,”Parkersaidmorethanthirtyyearsaftertheconcert,still vividly remembering that California day. “Jimi was magnificent beyondallbelief.” Parkerremembered,too,“theamazingsenseoffreedomweall felt thatday. Sittinginthesun . . . someof thegirlstaking offtheir tops, which was a fairly bold move for college girls at that time . . . guyspayingmoreattentiontoHendrixthantothegirls.” Seth Winston, today an Oscar-winning filmmaker for the short SessionMan, alsoattendedtheSantaClarashow.“Iwasgoingtoschool atthe UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,” he said. “Idrovedownto SantaClaraspecificallytoseeHendrix.Ihadfourth-row-centerseats, andIwastrippingonmescaline.IwasamazedbyHendrix.Itwaslike watchingamagicianplay,hishandscomingfromallovertheplace.I sawhimjusttheonetime,andI’mstill recoveringfromthegig!”
H
enry W. Steingarten, the New York lawyer who months back Chas Chandler had suggested should represent Jimi within the
Steingarten,WedeenandWeissfirm,telephonedmeseveraldaysafter I’d seen Hendrix in San Diego. For a long time, Jimi, as well as MikeJeffery,hadbeencounseledbyStevensWeissinacozysituation thatIthoughtdefinitelybenefitedmanagement,nevertheir“artist.” IreadMr.SteingartenthenotesI’dscribbleddowninHendrix’shotel suitetheafternoonofMay1;heaskedmetomailtheentirenotepad, including interviews with two film stars I’d also seen that week, to
him immediately. I mentioned that I also had a cassette of my attempts to conduct an interview; Jimi’s voice and that of the determinedifuninvitedhippiegirlwereclearlyheardonthetape,aswere my earlier attempts to launch the interview. Mr. Steingarten asked 134
Jimi Hendrix metodescribeandnameeveryonewho’dbeenintheroom;Iknew only a couple of Hendrix’s visitors, and only by their first names, a youngmusicianandapetite,dark-hairedgirl. June 20 wasaday filled withsunshine andblueskies,anditwas mydayoffwork.Jimihadaskedmetoattendalate-morningmeeting withHenrySteingarten,whowasinLosAngelesonbusiness.Theconversationrangedfromthelawyer’sthoughtsaboutJimi’sdrugarrestin TorontotoupcomingbusinessdecisionsJimineededtomake.Hendrix kept turning to me as though seeking my approval, which made me uncomfortable.Isaid,“Jimi,whydon’tyoujustexplainwhatyoureally feel?”Irememberthinkingatthetimethathedidn’tseemtobeused tobeinglistenedto.Hegraduallybecameveryverbalanddirectwith Mr. Steingarten; they both were clicking and on the same track. Jimi was in a great mood when we came away from the lawyer’s Wilshire Boulevard hotel. “I accomplished things!” he said. We were being drivenaroundLosAngelesinalimousine,asJimiranhiserrands,purchasing“normal”thingslikethreepairsofsocks,anewspaper,chewinggum,andseveralwritingpads.Weatealeisurelylatelunchonthe patioofahealthfoodrestaurant.Hewasinawonderfulmood.Tonight wasabig gig,thekickofftoathree-dayrockfestivaltitledNewport’69, heldonacollegecampusfifteenmilesoverthecanyonstoaplacedeep in the San Fernando Valley known as Devonshire Downs. Creedence Clearwater Revival, Steppenwolf, Eric Burdon, and Three Dog Night were among the performers. “They’re paying us a hundred thousand dollars tonight. More than even Elvis got,” Hendrix said reverently. It was theonly time Jimi evermentionedto me the financial guarantee foragig.“It’sthemostwe’veevermade.”“We,”not“I.”Hewasproud thatday,andexcitedabouttheeveningtocome. Jack Meehan had arrived in Los Angeles that weekend. He was anothergreatfriendoftheExperience’sLondonPRman,LesPerrin. Meehan,adistinguishedveteranreporterintheLondonUPIbureau, was a colleague of mine. Although “straight-looking” and middleaged,MeehanwasoneofthemostperceptivemenI’devermet.After lunchIaskedJimiwhetherhe’dmindifwepickedupJackathishotel; 135
SHARON LAWRENCE Meehan planned to attend the Devonshire Downs concert with me andsomeotherfriends,andIwouldbedrivingthemalltotheshow. JackandJimihititoffimmediately,andHendrixwasimpressed thatJackwouldbewillingtomaketheefforttogoallthewayoutto theValley.“It’llbeoutdoorsanduncomfortable,”Jimisaid.“Alotof hippies!” They started talking music; Jimi was impressed by intelligentpeople,andhelikedthewayJackanalyzedtheworkofeveryone fromtheJeffersonAirplanetoStravinsky.HewasintriguedthatJack had seen the Stones, the Doors, and the Nice, among others. “Are you sure you want to see the show tonight?” Jimi was all consideration.Didn’tthinkIshoulddrive.Whydidn’thegetusourownlimousine?RemindedJackthere’dbelotsofpotsmokersinthecrowd.Jack shrugged.Inhiscoolway,hetoldJimi,“I’veheardyouplayinSwinging London. I want to hear you in mellow California.” Jimi laughed andpattedJackontheshoulder. Ithadbeenagreatday,andMeehan,acoupleofmyfriends,and IdrovedeepintotheValleythroughthetraffic,trekkedforalongdistance to get out to the field where the stage was located. We were revved for the show of the year. A half hour later, we felt like we’d beenservedafallensoufflé.Hendrixwasawful. Hisbackwastothe audienceformostoftheverybriefset.Thiscouldnotbetheperson I’dspentfourhourswithearlierintheday.Iwasdumbfounded,andI wasangry.Fightingallthattrafficallthatwayfornothing!Ispoketo him later that night. “What happened?” I asked. “Bad-news people backstage,”Jimisaidwithoutelaboration.Oneofhisroadiestoldme thenextdaythat“amessofheavy-dutyblackguyslaidapoliticalrap on Hendrix. No one knew how to get rid of them. It was, um . . . dicey.SomeoneelsespikedtheplasticcupJimiwasdrinkingfrom.” Jimi returned to the festival on Sunday afternoon. From all reports, some lengthy and exciting jamming took place, and the audience rockandrolledalloverthatdustyfield. Isawhimsoonafter,butwedidnotdiscussthedebacleatDevonshireDownsfurther.WhileJimiwasstraighteningupthelivingroomof hissuite,hiseyewenttotheheadlineonanEnglishmusicweeklyatop 136
Jimi Hendrix apile ofnewspapersand magazines onthecoffeetable.He picked it up,lookedatit,showedittome.TheheadlinereadBAND BREAKS UP. The story was about a minor English group that had called it quits.“It’sallsosad,”hesaid.“Somebandsarejustborntodie.” As I observed Hendrix in both happy times and miserable moments,whatIadmiredabouthimmost,hismusicaside,washiscomplete lack of pretense or self-importance. He was a genuinely kind humanbeing,andintheworldofshowbusiness,wherephonieshang fromeverytree,Jimiwasverymuchforreal. As obsessed as he was with music, Hendrix paid attention to whatwasgoingonintheworld.Irememberhimstaringataphotoof Richard Nixon on a magazine cover, muttering indignantly, “Nixon. Well, we all know where he’s at! This article is sickening. Just read this!Andhethinkshe’sfoolingeveryone.” MostrockstarskepttheTVontwenty-fourhoursaday,relishing background noise. If Jimi watched cartoons on television, it wasn’tforlong,andhegenerallysketchedordrewwhentheTVwas on.Agoodcartoonneverfailedtomakehimlaugh,andJimienjoyed the sounds as much as the animation techniques. He generally preferred the daily papers to viewing a news broadcast. Newspapers meantsongideasandinteresting,freshwordsandconceptstoHendrix.Onceheshowedmeastoryconcerningwaterpollution.“They can dump all they want in that ocean,” he declared, “but one day Neptunewilljustslapitallbackintheirfaces.” Hewasbiggerthanlifeonstage,butathomeinthelatesthotel suite, the adjective that fit him best, strangely enough, was “cozy.” He was a basic Mr. Clean both personally and in his surroundings. Jimi could barely contain a sigh when some of the so-called friends wouldcarelesslysplashketchupontherugwhilemunchingaburger he’d had taken it upon himself to order from room service. Once I heardhim say inannoyance,“Please. This is myhome.”Observinga visitor grind out a cigarette in a half-finished piece of pie had him grittinghisteeth. When his pals departed, Hendrix often tidied up rather than 137
SHARON LAWRENCE leaving the mess for the middle-aged French maid who cleaned his suiteattheBeverlyRodeo.“MonsieurJimi,Iwilldothis—” “No,no,”hecutheroffashecontinuedclearingtheremnantsof aroom-servicelunchdevouredbyoneoftheso-calleds,asIcameto thinkofthem.“I’mjustaboutfinished.”Shescurriedtobringinfresh towelsforthebathroom;Jimirushedtohelpher.Smilingsweetly,he said,“Mercibeaucoup,”aliltinhisvoice.Sheadoredhim. Jimi emptied ashtrays, sorted piles of magazines into music and news,dampenedatissuetoremovestickyspotsfromatablewherehis Coca-Cola bottle had rested. Watching him putter around definitely addedadimensiontohowIthoughtofHendrix;itwasparticularlyfascinatingtoseehimorganizinghisamazingwardrobeforthedrycleaners,layinghisclothesincategoriesacrosstheking-sizebed—“special care”and“needsmending.”Heenjoyed hissilkshirts,velvetandsuede pants,andhisarrayofscarves,placedbylengthinaplasticbag. His“looks,”likehismusic,wereeverevolving—thesilkscarftied jauntilyaroundavelvet-pantedthigh(fordayonly)orhisupperarm, the leopardskin band wound around his wrist, the famous widebrimmed black hat. At home—wherever that happened to be at the moment—therewasalwaysaninventivetouch,abraceletorabrooch or an exotic shirt, boldly proclaiming that this was not the boy next door. Yet for all his wonderful finery, I remember the day I first saw him barefoot, dressed only in blue jeans and a black T-shirt. I said what I thought: “Jimi, you look great!” He was pleased and smiled shyly, his long, thick eyelashes lowering as he accepted the compliment.“Thisismynewday-giglook,”hesaid.“I’vebeenworkingona song.”Hetoldmematter-of-factlythathe’dneverhadmorethantwo changesofclotheswhenhewasachild.Hewasmakingupforitnow. Hendrix noticed any mood that invited guests might display. “Everything okay with you?” he’d ask with genuine interest. And at some point your wardrobe would be pleasantly inspected. He respondedtocoloranddetailasagreatpaintermight.Adelicateperiwinkleblueorasharp,clearcoraloranengravedpieceofoldsilver wouldcatchhiseye.Heseemedtoapplaudthetouchesthatsaidthat 138
Jimi Hendrix thismanorwomanhadtried, andhewasfreewithhiscompliments, noddingapprovinglyorsaying,“You’revery togethertoday.” AsImarveledathowrespectfullyhetreatedtheFrenchhousekeeper, I thought about the dynamics Jimi offered in conversation. Dependingonwhomhewasrelatingtoorwith,hewasachameleon. Daysbefore,IhadobservedJimiandaparticularmusicianwho oftendroppedbytoaskfor“aloan.”Jimilistenedquietly.“ Bro,”this guy said, “you know the struggle we share.” It was all a bit jivey sounding and Jimi obligingly turned quietly “bro-like.” When his “pal”tookthefivehundred-dollarbillsJimipulledoutofapillowcase, one of the current hiding places, he slapped Jimi’s hand hard, and Hendrix halfheartedly slapped it back. When the musician left, Jimi revertedtobeingrelaxedandenthusiasticasheofferedaflowerydescription of the room-service dinner he planned to order. “You’ve beenworkingallday.You’reprobablyhungry,”hesaidtome.“Ithink you’dlikeasmallfiletmignon?Medium-well,right?I’llhaveone,too. A big salad. Baked potato or fries? Dessert is a must. Maybe they’ll havebutterscotchpie!” He could be quite the actor in these relaxed moods, gesturing amusingly,rollinghisdarkeyes,andstrikingsillyposes.Iaskedhimif hisfriendwho’dcomeformoneyeverpaidbackhisloans.“Hellno!” Jimisaid,andhegrinnedatme.“How’dyoulikethatriffabout‘the struggleweshare’?Thisisaguywhooncecalledalimousinetobring him over here to borrow money, and then had the nerve to charge thelimotome!” With olderpeople or someonewell spoken,Jimi pulled out his best grammar, and his impressive vocabulary came into play. AroundNoelandMitch,thereweremomentswhenHendrixbecame moreEnglish,dishingoutamusingexpressionshe’dlearnedinLondon.Ifhefeltshy,hisvoicebecamewhispery.Whenhewasactually enjoying a conversation with anyone who took him seriously and treated him as a human being instead of an “image,” his eyes sparkledandhisconfidenceasserteditself.Duringhisyearsoffame, Jimi became worldly and sophisticated in positive ways. From con139
SHARON LAWRENCE stant travel and exposure to different cultures, attitudes, and languages,hesoakedupknowledgeandmadeaconsciousefforttoimprovehisgrammar.Healmostalwaystriedtoputothersatease.His myriadinterestsincludedsciencefiction,art,history,politics,football,chess,andanyboardgamethatcalledforquickthinking.Alot wentoninhishead.
T
o visit Jimi at hotels in Los Angeles or New York was to run the
gauntletoffanworship.Malewannabesofdiverseethnicorigins
hungaroundhopingtostrikeupaconversationasJimimadehisway inoroutofhishotel.Shiny-facedwhitecollegegirlswhoshylyadmittedtheyhadhugepostersofJimiintheirdormroomssometimessat primlyinthelobby,adjustingtheirminiskirts,thrilledwhenHendrix walked by and offered them a pleasant smile. “I had a big crush on Jimi,”recallsEllenBerman.“Seeinghimperformatthefirstrockconcert I ever went to was fantastic! I cherished the black-and-white posterofhiminmybedroom.Ourfamily’scleaningladywasveryupset.Shewenttomymotherandsaid,‘Doyouknowthatyourdaughterhasabigpictureofablackmaninherbedroom?!’ ” Bermanwassucha“nicegirl”thatsheneverdaredsetfootina LosAngeleshotelseekingJimi;sheworshippedstrictlyfromafar. “Bold girls”didn’tsettleforanythingless thanstealthilycampingoutinhotelcorridors—forgetaboutthelobby!Theywouldwaitfor hours, or until they were firmly asked toleave by hotel staff.At the veryleast,these girlssoughtasmilefrom Hendrixoran autograph. The ultimate score was a sexual rendezvous. Their giggles and the vibeoftheirhighanticipationfilteredthroughtothesuite.Theyhad becomeafactofhislife.Whenitbecameridiculouslynoisy,hewould grininembarrassmentandcallthefrontdesktohaveabellmanescort them downstairs and lie: “Mr. Hendrix has checked out.” One day he had just made such a request, and he turned to me selfconsciously.“Ah,mylittledistractions,”hesaidlightly. 140
Jimi Hendrix “Little distractions?” I echoed. “That’s how you really think of these girls? Honestly, Jimi!” I was half laughing at him. “Well, there arecertainlyplentyofslutsandscrubbersrunningaroundherewhen you,Noel,andMitchcometotown,”Isaid,“butIalsonoticesome very nice girls who really like you.” I mentioned two or three that floatedaroundhisaxis. Henodded.“They aredecent,andthey’resweet,butIaminno way interested in settling down anytime soon. And I’ve never pretendedotherwise.ItriedtomakethatcleartosomeoneinEngland, andshedidn’tlikehearingit.Nowshe’slivingherlifeandI’mliving mine.IwishIhadahomeofmyown,butuntilIhavesometimeto sortmylifeout,theonlyplaceIliveisonarollercoaster.” This was not the Jimi Hendrix many of his “chicks” wanted to know—or listen to. They craved sex and excitement, the divine recognition of being the female on Jimi’s arm out in public. Tosay you’d done it with Hendrix had become the ultimate rock status symbol. So many women. And always they came to him. I was intrigued,amused,and,intheend,saddenedtorealizethatforallhis mightyreputation,theonethrillJimihadmissedwasthepleasureof pursuit. “OnceinawhileImightsay‘love’toagirl,butIdon’tmeanit,” he admitted quite straightforwardly. “I’m not in one place long enoughtofallinlovewithanyone.I’venevertrulybeeninlove,the kindoflovethatlasts.Theonlypersonwhoeverreallylovedmewas mymother.Andshe’slongdead. “Love doesn’t love anybody these days.” As if to highlight his words,hereachedforhisguitarandstrummedadiscordantriff.
O
netimeInoticedonthecoffeetableacollectionofofferingsleft athisdoorbystrangerswhomanagedtogetpastthereception
deskandupstairs.Ipickedupalargepinkseashell.Tapedinsidewere amarijuanajointandatabofLSD,plusasmallnotewithanameand 141
SHARON LAWRENCE phone number. I stared at the shell and then at him. “So you are a drugfiend!”Iwasjokingandalsocurioustoseehisreaction. “I’vegotthingstoaccomplishtoday,”hesaid,andbrisklystrode intothebathroomtoflushhispresentsdownthetoilet.Assoonashe returned,Jimireachedforagreen-and-whitepackageofKools.Helit acigarette,tookapuff,anddrylycommented,“Ofcourse,Ishouldn’t bedoingthiseither.”Heturnedonhistaperecorder. Earnestlyhesaid,“Everythingcanbeusedproperlyaslongasit’s notusedasacrutch,aslongasitdoesn’ttakecommandofyou.Iwas thinkingaboutthisafterweplayedtheSanJoseFestival[actuallythe Santa Clara gig so well remembered by Steve Parker and Seth Winston].“Iwasonsuchaverynaturalhigh.Itwassuchabeautifulfeeling. I could see better. I could breathe better. Sometimes I could almostseebehindme.I’dbeenmakingcontactwiththerightpeople aswewereridingalongtothegig.Therewerecertainsmilesthatwere directingmeinsuchagoodway.That’swhywordssometimesgetin theway;theyhaveatendencytodrawawayfromtherealpower,the first flashing I get about something holy or something real. What I havefoundoutisthatwhenIgetaroundpeopleorlistentopeopletoo much,theyhaveatendencytopullmeawayfromthesefeelings.But thatonetemporarythingisenoughtohelpmelearnalessonnottobe pulledasmuch.Again.Actuallynottobepulledatall.” ThiswasanimportantthoughttoJimi,andhecontinued,“LikeI saidbefore,Iwasonanaturalhigh.Iwasplayin’theguitar,practicin’ up.Ineverplayedthatgoodbeforeinthedressingroom.Andallofa suddentherewerealotofpeoplemillingaroundbeforewewenton, and thena person,inatokenoflove, in a token offriendship, gave meajoint.Lovedoesn’tloveanybodyrightnow.Soforgetaboutlove andthinkabouttruthandunderstanding.Andtheideaofmeturning onbeforegoingonstagewasn’tactuallymebeingtruthfultoaccepta joint then. I shouldn’t have accepted it. Maybe if I’d already played andwasgoingbackhometolistentomusicandrelax, Imighthave accepteditthen.That’swherethatisandnowhereelsebutthat.” Jimi admitted he couldn’t handle hard liquor, which set off a 142
Jimi Hendrix bottled-upanger,adestructivefuryhealmostneverdisplayedotherwise. He regularly smoked marijuana and hashish, and he told me that he’d been introduced to LSD by one of the Rolling Stones. I lookedskeptical.“You’vealwaysbeensoopenwithme,”Isaid. “BecauseItrustyou.You’resmart,”hesaid.“Becauseyouunderstand.Becausewecareaboutalotofthesamethings.” Ibrusheditoff.Hetalkstome,Ithought,becausehe’sgot totell someone. “Okay,okay,”Jimisaid,“IgotturnedontoLSDinNewYorkbeforeIeverwenttoLondon,courtesyofDevonWilson.” “Don’tyouevertrytoavoidtemptation?”Iaskedhim. “Hell,yes!”heflaredup.“Ihavecommonsense!”Thenheapologizedandsimmereddown.WithquietprideJimisaid,“I haveIndian blood; both my grandmothers were part Cherokee. Gramma Nora toldmestoriesaboutIndianlaws.Iremembereverywordshesaid:If you don’t keep your balance, nature will make you pay. You can’t defynature.Youcanonlyrespectitandworkwithit.”
M
ikeJefferycontinuedtodescribehisclientasthe“blackElvis,” eventhoughhewasawarethatHendrixwishedhewouldn’tdo
so.“I’mnotElvis,andhe’snotme,”hesaid,“andI’vecometorealize thatMikedoesn’tactuallyknowanythingaboutmusic.I’veseenthe wayhe’sscrewedupmylifewiththeChalpinthing,andIdon’twant his advice on race and politics. He doesn’t know what he’s fooling with.” Jimi was leery when pushed to comment at length on racial matters.“I’monlyamusician,”hewouldsay.Hedidnotseehimself asaleaderorcelebrityspokesmanfor“thecause.” When black-militant leaders from New York and California sought him out, they werethe ones who did allthetalking.Jimi listenedpolitely,andseveraltimeshequietlyaffirmedtothesepassionateyoungblackmenthathebelievedinthenonviolencestandtaken byDr.MartinLutherKingJr.Itwasnotwhattheywantedtohear.He 143
SHARON LAWRENCE discussedtheirconversationswithme,andheoncetoldme,“Idon’t feel black.It’stheIndianpartthatImostlypayattentionto.Anyway, I’mjustme. . . .” However,hesaid, hedidhaveanideaofhowtohelpthe black community.“WhenIhavesomeactualbigmoney,I’mgonnabuyone ofthoseawful,beatoldbuildingsinHarlemandfixitup.Thatwillcall attentiontothatmessandgetotherpeopletodothesamething.Togetherwecouldcleanuptheghetto.Youcan’tevenimaginehowbad someofthosestreetsare!” “WhatI’mwondering,Jimi,iswhereareallthepeoplegoingto live while you’re fixing up buildings?” I asked. “Where will the childrensleep?” “TheywillallcampoutonFifthAvenueuntiltheycangobackto theirnewhomes,”heexplainedfirmly.“That willgettheattentionof therich—ifthepoorarerightoutthereinfrontoftheirnoses.”
H
endrix engaged in a quest for self-knowledge and reassurance,
looking for answers his music could not supply. He always en-
joyedagooddiscussiononfateanddestinyversusfreewill.Afewof his female “distractions” regularly gifted him with jewelry featuring his astrological sign, Sagittarius. He read his horoscope for a time andfoundnothingcompellingenoughtomakehimabeliever.Aspecialist in tarot cards wrote him kooky letters offering to give him a freereading.Whatdidseemtoconsistentlyresonateforhimwasnumerology. “I’vebeensearchingforthisbook,”hesaidtomeonasummer afternoon.“Itfinallyturnedupinaguitarcase.IboughtitinLondon, andIwantyoutoreadit.”Jimiheldupaslightlytattered,fadedbook publishedattheturnofthecentury,aclassicreferenceworkonnumerology.“Thisisimportant.I’vereaditdozensoftimes.You should readit.Ithinkthatyou’reafive. “I’manine,”Jimisaidsoftly,asthoughhewereconfidingarare 144
Jimi Hendrix andspecialsecret.“It’sapowerfulnumber,anditcanbeverygoodor verybad.Ninesaremeanttoaccomplishthingsinthisworld.” “Didyoualwaysthinkyouwouldaccomplishsomething?” He nodded, his facevery serious. “Even when it was very bad, I feltsurethatIwould.InNewYork,ofcourse,butalsoasakid.Ihad tobelieveinsomething.” He lit a cigarette. So did I. The room was silent except for the swiftstrikingofthematches.Foramoment,Ifoundmyselfthinking aboutthepoorandhopelessunfortunatesIsaweverydayindowntownLosAngeles,otheryoungmenandwomen,draggingsmallkids around, unable to find their futures. “What was the worst time?” I askedhim. “ProbablywhenI’dhearthatmymotherwasinthehospital,”he saidintotheair,notlookingatme.“Shehadtuberculosisandother stuffwrongwithher.Likeherlife.Ifitwasn’tforgettingintomusic,I wouldhavegoneoutofmymind.” “Youmusthavefeltveryalone,”Isaid. Afteralongpause,hesaid,“Ihadmyimagination.” IaskedJimiifhehadvisitedhismother’sgrave. “No,”hesaidsharply.“Itbreaksmyhearttothinkofherinthat awfulplace.Iknowhersoulcan’tbethere.Andthesouliswhatmatters.” IaskedhimifhebelievedinGod.HelookedatmeasifI’dlostmy mind.“Ofcourse.” Jimiappearedtobemakingasupremeefforttomoveaheadwith his life and career. He called me at my office one day, saying, “I’m backattheBeverlyRodeo.Canyoucomeover?I’vegotsomethingreallyimportanttotellyou!” “NotuntilIgetoffwork.” “It’sreally important!” Shortlyafterfourintheafternoon,Idrovethroughtheheartof theBeverlyHillsshoppingdistricttohishotel.AsIparkedthecar,I heard one of the bellhops talking about drummer Buddy Miles. “He hadthisbigdrumkitsentuptoHendrix’spenthouse,andheplayed 145
SHARON LAWRENCE so loud you could hear those drums pounding all the way down to Wilshire Boulevard! One of Hendrix’s roadies says Buddy comes aroundtoborrowmoney.” AsJimihadbecomearegularguestattheBeverlyRodeo,almost everyone who worked or shopped on world-renowned Rodeo Drive knewwhohewas.ThecomingsandgoingsofHendrixandhisfriends wereviewedwithinterest,andthebettingwasthatBeverlyHills’vigilantpolicechiefwouldn’tallowmuchmoreofBuddyMiles’sdrumming. Insidethehotel’ssmalllobby,asIwaitedfortheelevator,Iheard thetelephoneoperatorcomplaintothemanager.“Allthesecallsfor Hendrix have the switchboard completely tied up. He’s apologized and says he doesn’t know most of them.” She brandished a thick handfulofpinkmessageslips. Jimigreetedmeatthedoortothepenthouse;hisfacewasjoyous, hiseyesshiningwithexcitement.Heescortedmetoachairandsat downontheendofthebed,brandishingawhitelegalpad.“I’vebeen thinkingaboutitallmorning.Howtomakelifebetter.Howtomove ahead.I’mgoingtoputtogetherSkychurch.I’llbuysomepropertyin thecountry,maybeinthosehillsneartheocean,uphighaboveMalibu, maybe . . . not Topanga Canyon, too many people nestled in there.We’llworkonnewmusic.Anyonewho’sgood,whotrulycares aboutmusic,canbepartofit.Itwillbeafamily.” “Afamily?” “Ahome.Awayfromeverything,withamusicalfamily,”hesaid. “Aplacetoconcentrateonmusicallthetime.We’llexperiment.Take themusicforward.Progress, that’swhatIwant.It’sgoingtobegreat!” “Whoareyouthinkingofinvitingtobepartofthis?” “Eric C., of course. Stevie Winwood. Mayall. Beck!” He paused andadded,“IfIcangetJefftoleaveallhiscars.VicBriggs—Ilearned fromhim.RogerMayer—hemighthavesomenewsoundideas.”Jimi satsmilingasItookthisallin.I’dneverseenhimsohappy. Thenhejumpedup,movingaroundtheroom,mutteringtohimself,satbackdown,grabbedhispen,andbeganwritinginbigletters, 146
Jimi Hendrix then making small sketches, talking as he drew. “Definitely, definitely,definitely RolandKirk.Icanseeusalllisteningtohimblowour minds.Likeaprivateconcertkindofthing.Youmustrealizethatthe entireworldisanorchestra.AtfirstI’mthinkingaboutguitarplayers, because that’swhat I know. Butthereare great musicians who play other instruments. I need to get to knowthem and prove myselfso theymightwanttojoinin.” He arose from the bed and handed me the legal pad with his sketches, standing over my shoulder, pointing out details. “Two stages, I think. The main one not too large. Outside, near groves of trees. And a small one inside, for when it rains.” I could practically seeJimirushingouttobuyahammerandnails,hewassoexcitedand andeagertomakeithappen. Iaskedhim,“Wherewillyouallsleep?Gobackintotown?” “No,no,notatall.”Heraisedaneyebrowatmeasiftosay,Don’t you getit? LaughinglyIwondered,“Willtherebeabunkhouse?” “Why not? Designed in a U shape, you know. With really comfortablebeds.” “You’llhaveakitchen?” “Abigonewithsomeonetocomeinandcook.Aniceolderlady, maybeawidowwholikesmusic.We’llbuildacozydiningroom.” SoJimiHendrix,whosefamilylifehadbeensketchyatbest,and whohadneverlivedinanythingresemblingagenuinehomeformore than a few months at a time, made his plans. “All my childhood dreamsarecomingtrue!”hedeclared.Peninhand,hebeganmaking alist.Skychurch, hewrotewithaflourish.Findproperty wasitemone. “And there’ll be an office in town! Wecan all do our business from there.Getsomehonestmanagement.” Jimi never spoke of owning a fancy estate or a mansion à la Elvis’sGraceland;Skychurchwashis dream. Two days later Hendrix asked me to drive him to the Sunset Strip. He was recognized virtually every foot of the way. He smiled andsmiled,wavingtiny,self-consciouswavesbacktothehippiesand 147
SHARON LAWRENCE the fans in other cars. I giggled and teased him, “Now I know what QueenElizabeth’schauffeurmustfeellike.” “Oh . . .”hesaid,wavingalongfinger,chidingme.“Now,don’t bedisrespectfultothequeen.”Thenhegiggled,too. Wesat waiting for a long red light to change. I snapped on the car radio; KHJ was playing a preview of Elvis Presley singing a new song called “Suspicious Minds”; he hadn’t had a hit in a while, but thissoundedlikeone.Jimiturnedupthevolumeandbegansinging along.“Greatsong!”webothsaidatthesametimeasElvisfadedout. Heturnedthevolumedownandsaid,“Mymamaalwayslikedtolistentomusic.Sometimes,whentheExperiencevisitsradiostations,I think how pleased she’d be that her little babydoll is talking on the radio.Ialwayshopeshe’slistening.Doyouthinkshecanhearme?” “Ofcourse!”WhatelsecouldIsay? Jimijustbeamed.Inthissunny,relaxedmood,heseemedtobe completely magical. When he spoke of his mother and music, it reminded me of a line from an old blues song. Lightly, I spoke the words.“Yougotaboy-childcomin’,gonnabeasonofagun.” “You are too much!” Hendrix just gasped at these words from “Hoochie Coochie Man,” grinning from ear to ear. “Willie Dixon! I love WillieDixon!”Hebegantosinginanunusuallyrobustvoice: “Gypsywomantoldmymother’foreIwasborn, Yougotaboy-childcomin’,gonnabeasonofagun, Gonnamakeprettywomensjumpandshout, Andthentheworldwannaknowwhatthisallabout.” “I wish, I wish, I wish,” he said, “that I had my guitar with me rightnow!I’minthemoodtoplayso good!”
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n the southeast corner of Sunset Boulevard and Carol Street
stood the large building owned by Phil Spector, the eccentric 148
Jimi Hendrix producer/songwriter with thevisionary ears.Therewasapossibility thatSpectormightconsiderrentingoutalimitedamountofspaceto the right person; his assistant had arranged for Hendrix to take a look, graciously allowing him to wander at will. Jimi nervously fingeredhistightgreenvelvetpantsasthoughhewerebeingpresumptuous to explore someone else’s turf. But soon he couldn’t wait to tourallthreespaciousfloors,evenpeekingintoakitchen.“I’llhavea refrigerator likethat someday,” he said softly, his eyes fixed on this bland-appearing appliance as though it were unbelievably rare and special. In retrospect this remark was to haunt me, conveying so muchaboutwherehe’dbeenandwherehewantedtogo. Jimi gazed out a window that looked onto Sunset Boulevard. “Wow!”hesaid.“It’ssoclearthatyoucanseetotheverytopofthe hills.Californiaissobeautiful today,isn’tit?Like a verysunny kingdom.”Carefullysurveyingseveralroomsthatflowedintooneanother, Hendrix’sbrowneyestookonadreamyquality.“Icanjustseehowit could be. A big desk and a telephone here. Maybe that larger space overthereforalounge,alivingroom,youknow,forallthemusicians torelax . . . talkalittlebusiness . . . playnewtapesfromthestudio. Our own place. For Eric C. and Stevie Winwood—all our English friendswhenthey’reintown.”Jimi’seyessparkledjustthinkingabout hispotential“kingdom.”Hekeptmoving,paddingaroundinthatgentle way of his. “I could buildshelves acrossmostof that long wallto hold records and tapes, and do some drawings to be hung near the door.DoyouthinkPhilSpectorwouldletusrentthatmuchspace?” HemarveledatSpector’sprocessionofhitsingles,thegoldrecordsattachedtoanotherwall,pausinginfrontof“ToKnowHimIsto LoveHim.”“Hewasonlysixteenwhenhewrotethat,youknow,”Jimi saidreverently.“Andlookatwhathe’saccomplished.” “He even has his own building,” he added. “Just like Mike Jeffery.” JimiwassoexcitedabouthisvisittotheSpectorbuildingthathe mentionedittoJeffery,whoimmediatelysquashedhisdreams.“Heremindedmethatthemanagementcontractcallsforhimtomakethose 149
SHARON LAWRENCE kindsofdecisions,”Jimisaid,imitatingMike’sBritishaccent.“Hetold metoconcentrateonmypriority.Hegotkindofstrongaboutit.”We were sitting in Du-Par’s restaurant at the Farmers Market, and althoughhisseafoodsaladhadjustarrived,Jimilitacigarette;hewasincreasinglynervousashethoughtabouthislatestdilemma. ThepriorityJefferyhadremindedhimofwastheongoingdesign and building of Electric Lady Studios in New York. “A place where I canplayandrecordanythingIwantto,”Hendrixsaid.“Free.Agood investment.Likeapension,youknow.Iwassoexcitedinthebeginning.”NowheexpressedhisconcernsoverthewayJefferyhadgone aboutsettinguptheplanforElectricLadyrecordingstudiosonWest EighthStreetinGreenwichVillage.“Mikeusedmeandmymusicas collateralforabigloanfromReprise.We’repartnersinthestudio—I hatethis!Thenthere’sallthemoneythatit’scostingforanarchitect to build the studio on property that’s owned by someone else. It seemsasifI’msupposedtoputinhundredsofthousandsinmoney that hasn’t been made yet into a place that will be leased from a stranger,”hesaid.Thenheblurtedout,“Heknowsbadpeoplewith badconnections.Everyone’stellingme,whisperingtome,aboutthe Mafiaandallthat.”Hegrimacedandshuthiseyesforamoment,asif tosay,I’mwillingthishorrendousthoughttodisappear. “Ican’tgoalong withthat.”Heopenedhiseyesandstaredatme:“Damn!Can’tanythingevergoright?” “HaveyoumentionedanyofthistoJeffery?”Iasked. “Ihavetoprotectmyself,butIcannevergethimonthephone whenI’vegotmynervetogethertopinhimdown.” Headdedabruptly,“Ijustdon’twanttoenduplikeJoeLouis.” “JoeLouis?”Icouldn’tseewhattheformerboxerhadtodowith it.Oh!Right.Apatheticex-championbleddrybyhisentourage.
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une29wasmiserablyhotattheMileHighStadiuminDenver,Colorado, where the Experience headlined the Denver Pop Festival. 150
Jimi Hendrix The audience, twenty-five thousand strong, screamed and cheered for Jimi, Noel, and Mitch. They screamed so loud that many of the fans didn’t hear what Jimi said into the microphone just before the band left the stage: “This is the last gig we’ll ever be playing together.” Noel Redding was now out of the Experience, free to play withFatMattressatanytimehechose. For months Noel and Jimi had been unhappy with each other, andJimihadbeenincommunicationwithBillyCox,hispalfromthe armyandhisearly,strugglingdays.Itwasn’tasecrettoanyoneinthe innercirclebuttherewasneveranofficial“thisisserious”discussion amongthebandmembers;MichaelJefferyhadneversatthethreeof themdowntogetherandtriedtoworkitallout.“Billyisasolidbass player,”Jimihadtoldmeweeksback,“andhelistens.”Itwaswrenching to accept that the early camaraderie and kinship between the membersoftheExperiencewerenowindisputablyinthepast.Jimi’s desireforprogress wasquitedifferentfromNoel’s.
L
ondonwasinthemidstofasuffocatingheatwaveinearlyJuly.I flewinfromLosAngelesforalengthyvacation,thankstoallthe
overtimehoursI’daccumulated.Twohoursaftermyplanelandedat Heathrow,Iwalkedslowlythroughacrowdoftwohundredthousand people, with thousands more still arriving, at Hyde Park, the vast greenspaceinthecenterofLondon.TheRollingStoneswere“ready torock”attheirlong-awaitedfreeconcert.Itshouldhavebeenajoyousoccasion,butonlythreedayspreviousoneofthefoundingmembers of the Stones, Brian Jones, a strong swimmer, had died in mysteriouscircumstances—drowninginhisownswimmingpoollate at night. Weeks before, the troubled Jones had been thrown out of theband,drugsbeingonlyoneofhisproblems.Hiswasthefirstmajor rock death, and music fans around the world continued to feel deepshock;heroesweren’tsupposedtodie. A personal invitation had been sent to me in California, and 151
SHARON LAWRENCE nowIwasgivenaspecialbadgeandofferedlusciousEnglishstrawberriesfromthebigbowlonatableintheStones’trailerbehindthe stage. The heat was overwhelming as the band took the stage. Mick Jaggerworealongcottontunicoverhispants;thenewspaperheadlinessoonwouldblare:JAGGER WEARS DRESS! He nervously stood facing the vast crowd and made clear that the concert was dedicated to the late Brian Jones. He recited Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poem “Adonais” for Brian as tiny white butterflies werereleasedintotheair;mostofthem,too,felttheheatandflutteringly fell into the crowd. Newspapers loved this irony:
JAGGER
QUOTES SHELLEY AS MOTHS DIE.
Young, angelic-appearing Mick Taylor, who’d been rehearsing withtheStones,onthisdayofficiallyreplacedBrianJonesonguitar. In the next two weeks, I spent hours with another musician who had left his band—Noel Redding. He and Chas solicited my thoughts about what Fat Mattress could further accomplish in America,andIobliginglywatchedthebandseveraltimesinLondon at clubs such as the legendary Marquee on Wardour Street. I was youngandtrulynoexpertonwhatanybandshoulddo.ButsinceI was from the land of the Sunset Strip, this appeared to be enough “expertise”forthem. Chas was deeply interested in anything I would tell him about producers that Hendrix was considering working with. Foolishly, I mentionedthatI’dsuggestedtoJimithatGlynJohnswassomeonehe shouldgettoknow.IhadmetJohnsonlyonce,casually,butIwasfamiliarwithhisworkfortheBeatlesandtheStonesandhissolidreputationasanengineerwhoknew andlovedsound.SowasJimi.He’d perkeduphisears.“Ohhh!”hesaidashiseyeslitup,too. AsIrecounted this, Chas flushed and angrily said to me, “That wouldnever work!GlynJohnswouldbeintotalaweofJimi!”Iwished that I’d held my tongue; I hadn’t meant to hurt Chas. In any case, JohnsandJimineverconnected.
152
Jimi Hendrix
T
hetelephonebeganringingthemomentIwalkedintomyLosAngelesapartmentaftermyEnglishholiday.ItwasJimi’sattorneyin
New York. Henry Steingarten was loaded with bad news. Regarding Hendrix’sdrugsituationinToronto,therewoulddefinitelybeatrial, andIwouldbecalledasawitness;adepositionwouldn’tsuffice. HetoldmethatJimihadtakenabriefvacationtoMoroccowith some of the so-called friends. “His pals can really pick the spots,” Steingartensighed.“Nothinglikeatriptoamajordrugcapitalwhen he’sintroublealready.Nowhe’sbackattherentedhouseinShokan, allegedlyrehearsing.” “What’sShokan?”Iwondered. MikeJefferyhadfoundarustic,spaciousoldhomeforrentinthe small town of Shokan near Woodstock in upstate New York, Steingartensaid,andJimiandMitchwerelivingandworkingwithperhaps eightortenofJimi’smusicianfriends,includinghisarmybuddyBilly CoxandhissupportivefriendfromTennesseeLarryLee,therhythm guitar player. Apparently this was Mike Jeffery’s version of Skychurch.ThenewbandwastobeknownasGypsySunandRainbows. EverythingSteingartensaidhadmegrittingmyteeth.Jefferywas now dismayed that there were several black men in the band. All sortsoflowlifesweredroppingbyatoddhours,disturbingthepeace ofthecountrysideandlivinghighonthehog,charging,amongother items,newtelevisionsetstoJimi,andthenjauntilyshovingthemout the window. Jimi wasn’t returning important telephone calls. “It’s justJimiandhisparasites,”Steingartensaid.HewasmightilydisappointedinJimi. “It’sdifficultforastartoruninterferenceforhimself,Mr.Steingarten,” I said. “If Michael Jeffery wants to keep the gravy train rolling,ifhegivesadamnaboutJimi,thenmaybehe’llallowyouto hireagenuinesecurityguardwithbrainsandloyalty.”Iknewitwould neverhappen.Mostfamouspopstarsofthetimehadbeguntohire
153
SHARON LAWRENCE one or more trustworthy men whose main job was to stand around lookingcoolandtryingtofitinwhilekeepingasharpeyeoutforpotentialtrouble—ortroublemakers. Hendrixphonedaftermidnighttoaskaboutmyvacation,andhe wantedtoknowiftheRollingStoneshadtreatedthememoryofBrian JoneswithrespectatHydePark.Ifeltlikesnipingathim,Atleastthey didn’trunofftoMoroccotogethighinBrian’shonor. Iheldmytongue. ItseemedthatSteingartenwasn’ttheonlyonefeelingdisappointed. Jimi’snerveswereonedgeabouthisnewgroup.“It’snoSkychurch,” he admitted. “I was thinking being out in nature would make it all cometogether.” “But?” He hesitated, not wanting to put down his musicians. “The houseisnice,andthefoodisgood,”hesaid.“AndthatlittleWoodstock festival is coming up soon, and I don’t know what this group will sound like with a crowd.” It was four o’clock in the morning in Shokan;hewasdepressedandfloundering. EllenMcIlwaine,Jimi’soldfriendfromtheCafeAuGo-Go,recalls seeing Jimi during this time. “I was living in Woodstock,” she said. “He walked into one of the hangouts there. I hadn’t seen him since our Village days. I smiled and said, quite happily, as I would have then,‘Oh,it’sgreat toseeyou.Wanttojam?’Buthedidn’trespond. He just kept walking, and he didn’t make eye contact with anyone. Everybodykneweveryoneelseatthisplace,andeventuallybothJimi andIendedupatthesametable.Hejustsatthere,notsayingaword. Hedidn’tseemhigh.Myinstinctstoldmehewasupset.Veryupset.” Ellen was upset, too, and sad. This was not the Jimmy she had known, forever filled with enthusiasm for music—never refusing an opportunitytojam. Afewdaysofmyvacationremained before Ireturnedtowork, andmyon-again,off-againboyfriend,Ron,hadsentmearound-trip tickettoNewYorkfortheweekend.He’dmadedinnerreservations atafancyFrenchrestaurantandboughtticketstoaBroadwayplay. Thiswasabigdealtome:IhadneverbeforesetfootinaNewYork 154
Jimi Hendrix theater.RonandIhadmetinawritingclassatUCLA;nowhemajored in journalism at Columbia University and had managed to land a summerinternspotatNewsweek.ItelephonedSteingartentosaythat IwouldbrieflybevisitingNewYork,andhesuggestedthatIdropin andsayhelloafterIarrived. Steingarten’sbusinesscardwasinmywallet.Iheadedofftothe lawfirmofSteingarten,WedeenandWeissat444MadisonAvenue. WhatIdidn’tknowuntilIarrivedtherebytaxiwasthatthisaddress wastheNewsweekBuilding,wherenumerouslegalpartnershipshad offices. In one of life’s fluky coincidences, Ron was working a few floors below Henry Steingarten. Jimi’s attorney showed me around the large suite of offices and introduced me to one of his partners, Stevens Weiss. So this was Michael Jeffery’s “personal lawyer,” I thought.Thisrenownedmusic-businesswheeler-dealerwasfriendly tome,radiatingconfidence.Foryearsafter,IwastomeetNewYork musicpeoplewhohadunhappytalestorelateregardingWeiss. Aswewalkeddownahallway,Steingartengesturedtoaroomon myright,perhapstenbyeightfeet,paintedanagingyellowishcream color.“ThosearethreeyearsofJimi’slegalfiles,”hesaid. “My God!” I said,staggered at the sight. Wasthis what success wasallabout?Boxuponbox,folderafterfolder,ceiling-highstacksof lawsuits, contracts, and “ownership” papers crammed this space. Thick files brimming over the top of a deep box near the door bore thegreenlabelEdChalpinandPPX. Iwantedtosqueezemyeyesshut againsttherealityofwhatitmeanttobeJimiHendrix. Iwas soonreadytoleavethisdepressingcitadeloflawyers.No wonderJimiwantedtotuneitallout.Myescapewouldbeshopping; IwasenoughofaCaliforniainnocentthatitwasquiteexcitingforme topassthroughtherevolvingdoorsoftheNewsweekBuilding,ready tostrollupworld-famousMadisonAvenue.ButImanagedonlyfive steps, because suddenly a uniformed man said, “You’re Sharon?” I hesitated, noticed his cap, and realized that he was a limousine driver.Hesmilinglyannounced,“MichaelJefferywantstoseeyou.”I hesitated some more, because although I’d heard this name hun155
SHARON LAWRENCE dredsoftimesfromHendrix,fromChas,fromEricBurdonandothers, Ihadn’tactuallymetmanyrotten peoplethen.When ChasandEric weretellingJefferystories,theygotreallywoundup,andtheirfaces showedangerandcontempt.IhadneverlaideyesonJeffery,nordid Iwishto.Thedriverassistedmeintotheplushrearseat;Iwasafraid toargueorcauseasceneinbroaddaylightonMadisonAvenue. When he parked the Cadillac in front of a brownstone on East Thirty-seventh Street, I hesitated once again, observing the JEFFERYCHANDLER
plaquenearthedoor.IwonderedwhatJeffery’sinnersanc-
tumwouldbelike;Iknewtherewasabasement,becauseJimitoldme he’dsleptthereonoccasion.Theinteriorseemedasdullandbrown as the exterior. I don’t remember any colorful posters or beautiful touches.Mikesatathislowdesk,anerdyintimidatorstaringatme behindlightlytintedaviatorglasses. “You’re a reporter,” he said. “Are you thinking about going into management?”Oneofhisminionswasskulkingaround,listeninghard. “That’s something that has never occurred to me,” I said. “I’m doingquitewellasitis.Icareaboutwriting.” “Youseemto have an influenceonHendrix,” Jeffery saidin his coolBritishtones.Iletitpass.Iwasnotparticularlysurethatthiswas true. When he was midway through asking if romance was involved, tryingtoputhiswordstogetherverycarefully,Ijustlaughed. “I understand that you may be a witness in his Canadian problem,”hecontinued. “I was there that afternoon when the girl . . .” My voice faded away.Ididn’thavethegutstoaskhimifitwastruethattheheroin hadbeenaplant.Hedidn’tpressmefordetails.Thisstruckawarning noteforme.IfIwerethemanagerofsomeonewhowasintrouble,I’d beconcerned.I’dwanttogettothebottomoftheproblem.I’dwant toknowaboutthehippiechick.Maybe heknewalotmorethanIdid. Iwasn’tpreciselyuneasyinJeffery’slair,buttheatmospherewasnot warm and cozy, and I understood he was a dangerous fellow. My brainwasaskingwhatadviceLesPerrinorJackMeehanwouldhave 156
Jimi Hendrix formeinthissituation.Idecidedthatitwastoleaveasquicklyand coollyaspossible. BeforeIcouldgetoutofthere,Jefferylaunchedintoanamazing riffonhowhevisualizedJimiastheleaderofhundredsofmillionsof peoplearoundtheworld.HeactuallymadeacomparisontotheReverend Billy Graham and, for good measure, Gandhi. “I have great plans for Hendrix,” he said. “He could use his power in so many ways.” An image of Michael Jeffery as puppetmaster came to my mind. Chas had told me that Mike had done and continued to do a fairamountofLSD.Ididn’tthinkhewastrippingatthemoment,but hedefinitelywasspinninganuttyfantasy.Itannoyedmetothinkhe believed thatIwouldbeimpressedwiththisbaloney.EspeciallybecausetherealitywasthatitwasmorelikelyJimiHendrixwasgoingto prisonthanturnintoBillyGraham. “Youknow,Mr.Jeffery,”Isaid,“I’mjustinNewYorkforashort time.Ron,myboyfriend,andIaregoingtodinnerandthetheatertomorrownight,andIneedtodosomeshopping.”Istoodupwhilehe chewedonthesewords.Hesatlikealump,notrisingfromhischair or walking me to the door. What a twerp,Ithought. A twerp minus manners.WherewasthatfamousMichaelJefferycharmanyway? YearslatersomeonementionedJeffery’snametome,andIactually feltfaint. I remembered how cool I thought I’d appeared at our little meeting. Looking back, I knew that underneath my cool I’d beenscaredtodeathoftheman.Hewasapowerfreak,andhehurt manypeoplebeyondHendrix.
F
ewcouldhaveimaginedinthesummerof1969thataneventheld on the bucolic pastureland of Max Yasgur’s farm in the town of
BethelinupstateNewYorkwouldgodownintheannalsofmusicasa momentous weekend in time. Promoters of the Woodstock Music andArtFair,heldAugust15,16,and17,hadbookedafabulouslistof performers for “Three Days of Peace and Music”—Janis Joplin; Joe 157
SHARON LAWRENCE Cocker; the Who; Sly and the Family Stone; Ten Years After; Ravi Shankar;Crosby,Stills,Nash&Young;theJeffersonAirplane;andthe JeffBeckGrouptonamebutafew.Tenthousandtotwentythousand musicfanswereexpectedtojourneytothefarm.Shockanddismay werefeltin thenearbyvillages when morethan fourhundredthousandpeopleshowedup. Mostofthesleeplessand,afterasiegeofrain,dirtyandmuddy audiencehaddepartedwhenJimiandGypsySunandRainbowstook thestageastheclosingact.Therewereperhapsthirtythousanddiehard devotees waiting for Hendrix. A respected middle-aged cinematographer named Dave Myers was there. Michael Wadleigh, the director of the film that came out of the Woodstock festival, was proud to have Myers among his hardworking crew. During the exhausting weekend, Myers’s bed was directly underneath the trailer that served as Jimi’s dressing room. While Myers shot many importantsequencesthatweekend,includingthefamous“garbagepickup” footage,hegotabreakwhenJimiandhisbandtookthestage.“Iwas onstage,afewfeetfromJimi,”heremembers,“croucheddownand purelyanenthralledlistener.Sunrisewentonforalongtime.Thesun cameupdirectlyinfrontofJimiasheplayed‘TheStar-SpangledBanner.’Thiswasanextraordinaryculminationtothefestival,andIfelt veryprivilegedtoseeandhearHendrix.” “Washeplayingtothecameras?”Iasked. “Oh,no,”Myerssaid.“Hewasplayingforhimself.Concentrating likeI’dneverseenanyoneconcentratebefore.Itwasallinhisfingers. Hisbeautifulmagicfingers.”
158
CHAPTER NINE
The Trial
I
’dliketotalktoyouprivately,”MickJagger
said to Jimi Hendrix. It was late the evening of Hendrix’s twentyseventh birthday, November 27. Earlier that night a devoted New York audience had screamed and cheered throughout the Rolling Stones’ tumultuous performance at Madison Square Garden. Jimi dropped by to say hello to his old friends in their dressing room, surroundedbyazooofhipdressersgoingforthat“coolStoneslook,” including ebullient record-company executives, disc jockeys, photographers,gorgeousgirls,andanyoneelsewhohadmanagedtotalk hisorherwayintoabackstagepass.Asthisprivilegedcrowdmultiplied, there were so many peoplemilling around the starsand their guitars,neatlysetoutonstands,thattheStoneshadhadtoretreatto a tiny room to do their tuning. Hendrix talked guitars with “new” StoneMickTaylor,andtheyjammedbrieflyinthesmallspace.When the Stones let loose onstage, Hendrix and the Stones’ pal, writer Stanley Booth, stood unobtrusively onstage behind Keith Richard’s amp,diggingtheshowandtheaudience’sexuberantreaction.
SHARON LAWRENCE AftertheirgigtheStonesrolledintothepartythatDevonWilson hadspentdaysplanning,bothtocelebrateJimi’sbirthdayandfurther herowndesiretostartanaffairwithMickJagger.She’dpersuadeda friendtoturnoverhisspacioustwo-storyManhattanapartmentfor the event, and it was well after midnight as the seductive Devon strolled through the large duplex, smiling, laughing, and gossiping withhermixedbagofpals.ThepartyreallytookoffwhenJaggerarrived.Devon’sgirlfriendsgrinnedknowinglyasthehostesskeptone eyeonJaggerandanotheronHendrix.Mickwaswearinganattysuit of his own design, and Jimi was all in black, to match his birthday mood.InninedayshewasdueinTorontotomeetwithCanadianattorneyshehardlyknew,thengoontrialtwodaysafterthat. IwastoldlaterbyoneofmyNewYorkacquaintanceswhofedon gossipthat“JaggerandHendrixwentoffthatnighttofightitoutover Devon.”Butthatwasn’ttrue. Micksuggestedto Jimithattheyfindaplace tospeakin confidence. “Let’s go downstairs,” Hendrix said. Impressed by Hendrix sincethefirsttimehesawhimplayin1966,Jagger’sadmirationgrew as Jimi’s career took off in London. Now, three years later, Hendrix wasahugeinternationalstar,andwhileJaggercontinuedtosinghis praises, on this particular night his feelings were ones of sympathy, concern,andsupport.
M
yflightfromLosAngelestoTorontoonSaturday,December6, wasuneventful.Ihadn’tspokenwithJimiinweeks,andtonight
wewouldbediningwithHenrySteingartenintheheartofdowntown Toronto. Inthetaxithatafternoon,Ispeculatedonwhattheproceedings would be like. For the past six weeks, I had received a series of odd phonecallsfrombothacquaintancesandtotalstrangersinNewYork. Thegistoftheirseeminglywell-meaningcommentswas,“You’dbetter lookoutfor yourself. Becareful! Pull back from Hendrixand his 160
Jimi Hendrix people;he’smixedupwithbadcompany.”IwastoldthatImightwell befollowed.SinceI’dneverexperienced anythingremotelycomparablebefore,Ididn’tknowwhattothinkorwhototell.SoIstarted walking fast to my car, keeping it and my apartment locked at all times—andguesswhat?Iwasstillbreathing.Thescariestthingabout these calls was that I hadn’t discussed Hendrix and the trial with hardlyasoul.Sowho wasputtingoutthenewsthatIwasgoingtobe oneofthewitnesses? Themostupsettingphonecallcamefromawell-placedfriendof an important friend at a New York record company, who said strongly, “Look, Sharon, there are people associated with Mike Jefferywhocouldhurtyou.Hedoesn’twantyouoranyotherwitnessat that trial in Canada. Michael Jeffery isa control freak; he has problemswithHendrix.Hewantstoteachhimalesson.I’mgoingtotell you the name of a man that Jeffery knows. . . .” And she did, and I neverforgotit.IcheckedoutthatnamewithafriendattheNewYork Times. ItwasoneofthealiasesofamajorManhattancrimeboss.Jesus! It made no sense to me as to where Jimi Hendrix and his drug bustfiguredinallthis. I thought about a conversation with a trusted source inside RepriseRecordsinBurbank,California.“WhatI’mhearing,”hesaid, “is that Mike Jeffery’s long-term plans depend on keeping Jimi as a managementclient.Mike’snobodywithoutHendrix,andit’snosecret that Jimi wants out. Maybe Jeffery’s been cruel enough to set him up so no other manager will touch him. . . . And if Jimi goes to prison, Mike controls unreleased Hendrix tapes plus that New York recordingstudiothey’rebuilding.Mikehasalwaysbeenlucky.Lucky andcrafty.” Ilookedoutthewindowontheleftsideofthetaxi—blueskyand traffic. The taxi driver irritably honked his horn. “D’ya see that?” he said.“Triedtocutmerightout.Theniggerbastard!Somanyofthem movingacrosstheborderfromDetroit.Damnniggers . . .” I’dbeen toldthattheprevailingpoliticalattitudeinCanadare161
SHARON LAWRENCE garding Hendrix was “We have to make an example of the fuzzyhairedblackweirdo;there’snowelcomefordrugged-outrock-androllershere.”Icouldn’twaituntilthistransplantedredneckdropped meoffatthehotel. Mythoughtsbecamegrimmer:Lifewassounexpected.Mebeing here. And everything in Jimi’s life seemed uncertain. From what he’d told me, instability was a way of life during his childhood and whenheplayedthechitlincircuit.Againsttheoddshehadachieved fame,andnowhissuccesswasgeneratingmorefearthanprotection. Would he go to prison? Would he be allowed to keep recording? Wouldheevenwantto?Whowouldheplaywith?Thebandthathad broughthimstardomhadfallenapart.Howlongwouldtheaudiences reallyrememberJimiHendrix?DidMikeJefferyhavesomeawfulsurprisewaitinginToronto? Thiswasareal“take-it-one-day-at-a-time”situation.AndhowI wished,asthetaxidrovemeclosertodowntownToronto,thatadepositionwouldhavebeenenoughtosavemefrommakingthistrip. I’dneverrespectedpeoplewhocomplainedthatthey“didn’twantto beputinthemiddle.”Itwassowimpy.IknewthatifIdidn’ttellwhat I’d observed that afternoon at the Beverly Rodeo, I would hate myself.Ofcourse,itmightnotmakeanydifferenceatall.
L
ateSaturdayafternoonJimi’sNewYorkattorney,HenryW.Steingarten,waitedbythetelephoneinhisroomattheRoyalYorkHo-
tel in Toronto. His client’s trial would commence in less than forty-eight hours, and Steingarten was worried. The two highpoweredCanadianattorneyswho’dbeenretainedtodefendHendrix hadtoldhimtheywerelessthanconfidentabouttheoutcomeofthe trial. They were also expensive, and Jimi’s personal cash flow was downtoafewthousanddollars. AnhouraftercheckingintotheRoyalYork,Isatinachairbya window as Steingarten removed a silver cocktail shaker from a 162
Jimi Hendrix bulgingbriefcase.“Mywifegenerallymakesashakerofmanhattans formetotakealongwhenItravel,incase,attheendofalongday,a drinkisinorder,”heexplained.Hewasaconsiderateman,veryclose tothe“teddybear”Jimihaddescribedtome.Ateddybearwithkeen eyes,afinelegalbackground,andadornedinconservativesuits.He commandedrespect. He offered to pour me a cocktail from the shaker. “No thank you,”Isaid.“I’vealwaysthoughtmanhattansandmartinistastelike gasoline.” IhadmentionedtoSteingartensome time backthatit seemed strangetomethatJimineverseemedtobeinvitedtogenuinelysocial occasions by his business associates or even his so-called friends. WhenIoccasionallytraveledtoNewYork,Iwastreatedverywell,but JimispokeasthoughhewereunfamiliarwithgoodVillageandmidtownrestaurants.Hemighthavebeenastar,buthewasnotapartof theupscalelifestyleofsuccessfulNewYorkers.InBritainhisEnglish friends had offered hospitality and friendship that were dazzling to him.InNewYork,tosome,Jimiwasmoreofanobject. In the fall of 1969, as a result of our conversation, Steingarten arranged a lovely dinner at his home and was shocked and humiliated,particularlyinfrontofhiswife,tohaveJimiturnupnotaloneor with a date but rather accompanied by several of his so-called friends. They were high when they walked in the door and became even higher through the evening. They’d brought cocaine into the home,andtherewasmuchrunningbackandforthtothebathroom to snort it. Steingarten didn’t quiterealize precisely whatwas going on,blamingthe“intruders”morethanhedidHendrix.Still,hesaid, “Jimiwasacompleteassthatnight.” However,hereinToronto,Steingartenwaswillingtogiveitanothertry,andhehadplannedasmall,relaxeddinnerforthisevening at a nearby steakhouse for Jimi, Chas Chandler—who was making a specialtripfromLondontotestify—andme.Itwasanightdesigned tobolsterJimibeforehewentintothecourtroom. Thebusyattorneyledademandingbusinesslifeandpreferredto 163
SHARON LAWRENCE spendhisweekendswithhisfamily.Hecouldn’tbelievethathewas sittingherenowwaitingforthephonetoringtosignalJimi’sarrival fromNewYork.Hewaitedandwaited,lookedathiswatch,andobserved the overcast weather outside the hotel window. He sighed severaltimes.“Jimicanbesuchasweetkid,buthislifeisamess,”he said. Finallytheshrillringofthephonepiercedthesilence.“Hi,Jimi!” hesaid, andthen tightened his lips.Thevoice ontheotherendbelongedtooneofMikeJeffery’speople.Steingartenturnedthephone ataslantsoIcouldhearasIrosefrommychair. Thevoicevibratingoutofthereceiverwassaying,“Um,wellyou see . . . Jimi’s not at the hotel. He’s still at the airport. They busted himfordrugpossessioncomingthroughcustoms.” “Busted? Again?” The expression on Steingarten’s face said he couldn’tbelievehe’dheardcorrectly.MyGod,Ithought.MyGod! Steingarten was furious. “We may as well pack our bags and leave,”hebarked.Hemovedpurposefullytowardhissuitcase. “No,”Isaid,“youcan’tabandonhimnow!What’sthisallabout? Weneedtoknow.IsthisoneofJeffery’sgames?IsJimialunatic?And Chaswillbeexpectingtohavedinnerwithyou.” After Steingarten settled down, the three of us drank red wine and ate our steaks at Barberian’s in between bouts of anxiety, and minusanyoftheLondonandLosAngelesrecordgossipthatChasand Ihadalwaysenjoyed.Steingartenwasnowwaitingforanothercallto saythatJimihadbeensprungfromcustoms.Ortakentoacell. Shortlyafter9:00 P.M.,weheardthatthesubstancefoundinan acousticguitarwas“tiny”andnotreadilyidentifiable,andthatHendrixhadbeenreleasedtocheckinattheFourSeasonsHoteluntillab workcouldbedoneandadecisionmade. ItoldSteingartenthatIwasgoingtotheFourSeasons“carefully and quietly” inhalf an hour.Hewasadamantthat I wouldnot. Surprisingly, Chas spoke up and said, “We have business relationships withJimi,Henry.He’smorelikelytotellSharonwhat’sgoingonbecausehetrustsher.” 164
Jimi Hendrix “I don’t really want to go there,” I said. “And I’m not sure that Jimi trusts anyone, including himself. But I can’t possibly sit down withthelawyerstomorrowandgointoacourtroomifthere’s some oddgamebeingplayed.WeneedtoknowwhatJimiisthinking.Ishe goingtoself-destruct?”
I
saidmyname,andJimiopenedthedoorbarelywideenoughforme toenter.Theroomwasdimlylit,withjustonelampburning.There
was no “hello” or “how are you?” I started to sit down in a wooden chairnexttothelatcheddoorofanadjoiningroom.Hendrixpointed, directingmetothefootofthebedlessthanayardaway,andhewhispered,“Therearetwoguyslisteningontheothersideofthatdoor.”I looked questioningly. He muttered their names; one fellow worked fortheband,andtheotherintheNewYorkoffice.Bothofthem,Jimi indicated,wouldbereportingbacktoJeffery. Wesatthereontheedgeofthebed.“Whatdidyouputinyour guitar?”Iwhispered. “SomethingtoblotitalloutforawhileifIgetsentaway.” “Iknowyou’renotstupid,Jimi.”MyvoicewassolowthatIcould hardlyhearmyownwords.“Youhave tothinkpositivetogetthrough this.” His eyes turned fierce. “Do you have any idea of what men in prisoncoulddotosomeonelikeme?Icouldn’tbearit!I’dbedeadin aweek.Onewayoranother.” “You have Mr. Steingarten and the two lawyers here. Chas is here,too.AndLesPerrinisonhiswayfromLondon.” “Let’sgointhebathroom,”hewhispered,pointingtohisright, thengrimacedatthelatcheddooracrossfromthebed. Weleaned against the tiled wall,and, finally in anormal voice, HendrixbegantellingmeabouthisconversationwithMickJaggeron hisnot-so-celebratorybirthday. “We went downstairs and talked quietly,” Jimi said. “I was em165
SHARON LAWRENCE barrassed because he was really nice to me. He cared. Mick always haslikedmyplaying,butthiswasawholeotherthing.Embarrassing. Iwassquirminginside.Youcandigthat.” “Youfelthumiliated,”Isaid. “Damn right, that’s what I felt. What I feel now. When he was tellingmeabouthimandKeithbeingsenttoprison,itwasveryreal. AndMickwasveryreal.HetoldmehowLesPerrinhelpedthem . . . aboutwhattheLondonTimes wrotethatgotthemoutofprison.” InFebruary1967,SussexpolicehadraidedKeithRichard’shome andfound,accordingtotheirreport,“varioussubstancesofasuspiciousnature.”MickJaggerwaschargedwithpossessionoffour“pep pills,” found in a jacket pocket and actually belonging to his girlfriend, Marianne Faithfull. Keith faced charges that he had allowed guests to smoke cannabis resin in his home. They were brought to trialattheendofJune.ThejudgegaveJaggerayear’simprisonment and fined him five hundred pounds. Richard’s sentence was three monthsinprisonandonehundredpounds.Mickwashandcuffedand transportedtoLewesPrison.Keith,alsohandcuffed,wastakenaway toWormwoodScrubs,a150-year-oldprison.“Theyweresetupand persecuted,” declared Les Perrin. The severity of the sentences for such minor offenses caused a stir across Britain, and led William Rees-Mogg of The Times to write the now legendary editorial “Who BreaksaButterflyonaWheel?”Thesituation,hesaid,was“asmilda drugcaseascaneverhavebeenbroughtbeforethecourts,”andhe asserted,“TheremustremainasuspicioninthiscasethatMr.Jagger received a more severe sentence than would have been thought proper for any purely anonymous young man.” Both Rolling Stones weresoonletoutonseventhousandpounds’bail.Jaggerultimately receivedaone-yearconditionaldischarge,andRichardwassetfree. “Mick told me he cried in the courtroom when he was sentenced,” Jimi said. “He and Keith were terribly frightened. But it all worked out, because it was an injustice.” Jimi sighed, looking gloomier by the minute. “They were English and in England. In Canada I’m the enemy. I can’t take . . .” Jimi’s voice trailed off. He 166
Jimi Hendrix turnedhisheadawayfromme;hewascryingnow.“Mightaswellget thetearsoverwith,”hesaidashepulledhimselftogether.“Icannot letmyselfcryinacourtroom.I willnotdothat!” Wemovedoutofthebathroom,awayfromtheglareoftheoverheadlight,intothetinyentryspacenearthedoor.“I’dbettergetout ofhere,”Isaid. “Be careful,” he told me. “Be very careful going back.” On this dark,cold,difficultDecembernight,JimiHendrixwassomberanda complete realist. Illusions and talent had built three years of fame, but there were no illusions left for him this night. “If anything happens to me, the lawyers will be fighting it out for the next twenty years,” he said. Even in the dimness, his eyes appeared intense, but histonewasmatter-of-fact.Jimiwasspeakingofmuchmorethanthe trialathand.Hewasreferringtohisverylife. “You know what I’m about. You know what it’s been like,” he said. “When the time comes, tell it straight. I don’t want people to thinkbadlyofme.”NowordscanexplainhowwretchedIfelthearing this. I reached for the doorknob and finally, briefly, turned to half faceJimi.“I’llseeyouinthemorning.” Jimigrabbedmyhand.“Beverycareful,”hesaidoncemore.
J
imi,Chas,HenrySteingarten,andIarrivedatthelawofficesofJohn O’Driscoll at 10:30 A.M. on a chilly Sunday morning. We were a
quiet, outwardly calm group, sitting in upholstered contemporary
chairsinadullydecoratedoblongroom.O’Driscollwasfortyish,attractive,andaformerdistrictattorney.HeandacolleaguewereHendrix’sdefenseteam,andwewaitedforthemtopresenttheirplanof actionforthetrial,whichtheypresumablyhadbeenworkingonfor severalmonths. Thetwoattorneysspokeknowledgeably,buttheirlackofconfidenceinJimi’schancesforacquittalhoveredintheair.Noclear-cut 167
SHARON LAWRENCE strategy was offered. They saw Chas, Jimi, and me as strange birds, andinallfairnessthiswasanunusualcasefortheserespectedToronto gentlementotackle.Steingartenwasokay,though;hewasalawyer. The conversation moved in stops and starts. Astime ticked by, the threeofuswaitedforthedynamicsofthismeetingtochange. PullingmyheftySonyrecorderoutofatotebagandplacingiton alowtable,IaskedO’Driscollifhe’dliketohearthecassetteofmy attemptstointerviewHendrixinBeverlyHillsonMay1.Ireminded the room at large that Jimi’s voice and that of the girl who had steppedthroughthedoorwere clearlyaudible. Thelawyersweren’t interested in hearing the cassette. “We won’t be able to use it in court,”Mr.O’Driscollsaid. “IguessIthoughtyou’dwanttohearitforyourselfjusttogeta senseofwhathappened,”Isaid. The two Toronto lawyers looked Jimi over. Finally one of them said,“You’llsayyoudon’ttakedrugsintestimony.” Jimiquietlyreplied,“ButIdo.JustabouteveryoneIknowtakes drugs.” Mr.O’Driscollwasdismayedbyhisanswer.“Doyoubuythem?” heasked. Jimi and Chas exchanged a look. “People bring drugs around everywhere we . . . I go,” Jimi answered. “Sometimes I take them, sometimesIdon’t.” Chas valiantly tried to explain life on the road, the lack of privacy, the “gifts” brought around in every city from complete strangers.BothJimiandSteingartenwereamazedbyChas’spassion as he struggled to make the lawyers understand how hard Hendrix worked, that he was an intelligent person whose sudden and immensefamehadnotturnedhimintoacapriciousmonsterwithnorespectforthelaw.Chaslockedeyeswiththelawyersasheconcluded, “Jimi,Noel,andMitchhavebeenstrip-searchedmanytimesintravelingaroundtheworld.I’vegonethroughit,too!You’d befuriousto betreatedinthismanner.Musiciansallknowthatvalisesandcarryonbagswillbesearchedcrossingborders.Jimiisnotafool!” 168
Jimi Hendrix To be fair, these attorneys were not used to dealing with rock stars,theirimages,andthehugeinfluencetheirmusichadonyoung people.Still,weallwonderedwhytheyhadn’tdonesomehomework about the lifestyle. Hendrix continued alert and cooperative during thatverylongday,butwhenSteingarten,Chas,andtheCanadianattorneyslefttheroom,hisfaceshowedaterribleanxiety.Hesatina large green chair against the wall. I sat in mygreen chair a few feet away.EventuallyJimistoodup,andwalkedovertothewindow,sighingdeeply. IthoughtaboutthelasttimeI’dspokenwithhim.Weeksbackhe hadrentedamodesttwo-bedroomapartmentonWestTwelfthStreet in Greenwich Village. One day he called me at work. “I know we’re notsupposedtotalkuntiltheTorontothingisover.ButIhadtotell you this!” His voice sparkled as he announced, “Guess what? I saw BobDylanonthestreet!”Dylan—hisabsoluteidol.“Isawhimdriving hiscar.Hislittlefeethardlyreachedthepedals.” “Howcouldyouknowthat?” “Ijustknow.”Whimsyandacaptivatingsenseofhumorwereas muchapartofJimiashisguitar. Humor and whimsy were absent today; only apprehensive silencefilledtheroom.Hepaddedsoftlybacktohischair. ToJimi’srightthedoortoanouterofficewasajar.Astheminutestickedon,weheardMr.O’Driscoll’sassociateentertheouteroffice with a young man, whose voice was instantly recognizable as a keyemployeeoftheJimiHendrixExperienceonandofftheroad.He had flown to Toronto from New York under instructions from Mike Jeffery. The attorney declaredthat if Hendrix were to be convicted, theprosecutorwouldaskthathebeimprisonedforaslongastwenty years.Headded,“Theattitudein politicalcirclesisthat we willnot tolerate drug use in our young people. The black idol of white teenagerswillnotsetourstandards.”Headded,“Obviously,wewould have the opportunity to appeal. It could drag out for quite some time.” Jimi’semployeeasked,“Notouring?” 169
SHARON LAWRENCE “Ishouldn’tthinkso,”theCanadianattorneyreplied.Heasked theEnglishmanifhewouldtakethewitnessstandandtestifyincourt thathehadknownHendrixforthreeyearsandgiveadescriptionof lifeontheroadasthebandtraveledtheworld.“No!Iwon’tdothat!” he said in a harsh squawk. “I’m not going to prison for the likes of him!” IsawJimi’seyesflicker,andhisfacetransformedintoanimpassivemask.
A
t the Toronto Courthouse on University Avenue, it was Action
Central early Monday morning, December 8, 1969. Press and
photographers eagerly awaited the arrival of Hendrix’s limousine, andthefans,outinfullforceonthesidewalkandinthestreet,waved andcheeredatthesightoftheirstarsteppingoutofit.Jimiforceda smileandawaveortwo.Hewaswearingablueblazer,bell-bottomed gray flannel pants, an open shirt filled in with an ascot instead of a tie,andaturquoiseringandbracelet. AshewalkedintoCourtroom15,someonecaughthiseye.“Oh, hi!Howareyou?”Hendrixsaidpleasantlytothegentleman,whoengaged him in a brief conversation. One would never have guessed thatinthelimousineafewminutesearlier,he’dbeengrimandquiet. “Whowasthat,Jimi?”Steingartenaskedwithconcern.“He’soneof thecustomsofficerswhowentthroughmybags,”Jimiexplained.“He wasaskingforanautographforhischildren.Hewasnicetomewhen Iwasarrested.” In the courtroom Hendrix was escorted to a three-sided wire cage—referredtobyoneoftheattorneysas“thebox”—totherightof JudgeJosephKelly.Jimiwasclearlyvisibletothejuryandallspectators in the room, which held approximately two hundred people, mostofthemfans,someincolorfulhippieattire,cometoviewthis “happening.” Despite the humiliating situation, Hendrix was attentiveanddignified.Heshowedrespectforthecourtbutalsoforhim170
Jimi Hendrix self.Itwasnearlyimpossibletobelievethatthisyoungmancouldbe adangerousdrugaddictouttocorruptyoungpeople. As his Paris friend, photographer Jean-Pierre Leloir, had observed in their first meeting, three years later Jimi Hendrix was still “natural”despitethefactthatnowthisbeautifulbutterflywasvirtually trapped and quite still. Steingarten whispered to me, “I’m impressedwiththewayhe’shandlinghimself.Hehasthedemeanorofa truegentleman.” Prosecutions in Canadian courtrooms are carried out in the nameofthequeenofEngland.CounselfortheCrown,JohnMalone, questionedJimiintenselyandinterminably,zeroinginseveraltimes on the issue of whether Hendrix had knowingly brought heroin into Canada.Hewasalsoaskedmorethanonceaboutasmallaluminum tubecontainingatraceofhashishresiduefoundinhisflightbag.FinallyJimilightlyreplied,“Maybeit’sapeashooter.”TheCrownprosecutor verbally poked and prodded for information on Hendrix’s career,histravelandtouringschedule,andhisfans,wheneverpossible focusing on drug usage. Jimi was attentive to each question, no matterhowmanytimesitwasasked. At the lunch recess, Hendrix’s lawyers took us to a nearby restaurantfrequentedbylegalcircles.Wewereusheredtochairsata longtablewhere,tooursurprise,wewereseatedclosetotheprosecutingattorneys.TheCanadianlawyersfrombothsideswerefriends, and they chatted affably and joked throughout the meal. Mention wasmadeofarecentcopyofLife,America’smostwidelyreadmagazine, in which Jimi had been featured in a lavish photo layout. The lawyersallgrinnedathim.Iwonderedifthey,too,wouldaskforautographs. Thebestthingaboutthefirstdayincourtwaswhenitwasover andwehadachancetositdownwithLesliePerrin,who’djustarrived fromLondon.Asalways,Leswaswarmandsupportive.Hewaslikea favoriteuncleforeveryonewhoknewhim;todayLeswasmoreseriousthanwe’deverseenhimbefore.“Starsaretargetsforallsortsof people,”Jimi,Chas,andIheardhimexplaintoSteingarten.“When171
SHARON LAWRENCE everFrankSinatraisinLondon,wealwaystakeprecautionstokeep strangersawayfromhishotelsuite.Butouryoungpoplads,likeJimi here,don’twanttoberudetothefans;they’remoreaccessible.” “Thisisjustthekindoftestimonyweneedfromyoutomorrow,” Steingarten said happily. “And, Sharon, you will probably take the standtomorrow,too.” Shortlyafter,Iexcusedmyself;Iwantedtogetsomesleepsothat onTuesdayIwouldappearmorerestedandcalmthanIfelt. ThenextmorningChascametomyroomandtoldmethatJimi hadbeenillduringthenight.“Thestrainisgettingtohim,”hesaid. Chashandedmeanewspaperaccountofthefirstdayofthetrial.The headlineintheTelegram readI’VE USED DRUGS BUT NOT HEROIN—HENDRIX. “Thisallseemslikeabaddreamtome,”Chassaid,adding,“Can youbelieveJefferynotbeinghereforthetrial?Ifthere’saconviction, IexpectMikedoesn’twanttobearoundtotaketheblameortheheat ofexplainingtotherecordcompaniesandthepress.OrtobequestionedbythepressastowhetherhehadthesmackplantedonJimi— andthat rumorisgettingaround.” “Maybehe’safraidofanall-outconfrontationwithJimi,”Isaid. “Jefferywouldbeterrifiedofthat,”heagreed.“Terrified,” herepeatedinhisrollingnorthernaccent. “Onemorething,Chas,”Isaid.“Doesn’titseemstrangetoyou thatJefferyhasn’tofferedtochipinonJimi’slegalbills?” “He’s a right bastard,” Chas said. “Mike’s a very tricky man.” I sawinhispaleblueeyesthathewasafraidofwhatheclearlyfeared Jefferyhadsetinmotion.
T
hejury,twelvewhitemen,mostlymiddle-aged,woregoodsuits andties.Iwasswornin,myhandontheBible,surprisedtofind
myself feeling relatively comfortable as the questioning got under way.Inlargepartthiswasduetothefactthatthegentlemenofthe jurywerelisteningclosely,andtheystruckmeasdecenthumanbe172
Jimi Hendrix ings who wanted to be fair. The honorable Judge Kelly, a respected Canadian,paidcloseattentiontotheproceedings.Iansweredquestionsforwhatseemedlikeatleasttwohours.InterrogatedbyJimi’s lawyerJohnO’Driscoll about theafternoon of May 1,I testified regardingthepeopleinandoutofHendrix’sroomasI’dtriedtoconduct an interview, detailing the constant interruptions, the open door,thehippiegirl,andHendrix’sdemeanor.TheCrownprosecutorJohnMaloneboredownonmybackground,myjob,andmyfamiliarity with drugs and music fans. The judge asked briefly about my writing job, and finally I was allowed to step down. “No more questions.” When court took a recess, I hurried up the aisle and out the courtroom door, moving as quickly as possible through a corridor swarming with fans, reporters, and photographers. Behind me I heard, “Here’s Hendrix! Get him! Get the picture!” While they all turnedtocatchJimi,Iwasoutofthere. Irushedaroundthecornertofindataxiandaskedthedriverto takemetotheRoyalYorkandwaitwhileIcheckedoutandretrieved mysuitcase.Asthetaxidriverdrovetotheairport,Iwonderedabout how much more testimony there would be and how long it would takeforthejurytoarriveataverdict.Ihadasensethatmostofthese menweresympathetictoJimi’ssituation,fromwhatIcouldobserve ofthewaytheylookedathim,listenedtohiswords.Myfingerswere crossed.Hewashopeful,JimihadtoldChas,thathewouldbevindicatedand“haveachanceatanewbeginning.”Iwassorelievedtobe awayfromthestressanduncertaintythatIcouldn’twaittogetback to work. Jimi described his world as “life on a roller coaster.” That wasnotwhatIwantedformyself. Latethenextafternoon,IreceivedamessagefromSteingarten’s NewYorkofficetellingmethey’dwaitedalldayforaverdict. “PopsingerJimiHendrixwasacquittedhereWednesdaynightontwo charges of drug possession,” read the United Press International story from Toronto that went out on the wire to newspapers around the world. 173
SHARON LAWRENCE A12-manjurydeliberatedeightandahalfhoursbeforesetting the 27-year-old singer free. He had been charged with two countsundertheCanadianNarcoticsControlAct—onedealing with possession of heroin and the other with hashish. Hendrix thanked his young fans for sticking by him. Some remained in thecourtroomfornearly12hoursWednesday—thetimetaken forthefinalsummations,thechargingofthejuryandthelong deliberation.Thetriallastedthreedays. “When the verdict was read, Jimi’s face just glowed,” Henry Steingarten told me on the phone. “I wanted to hug him; he was a manallthewaythroughit.Ofcourse,thechicksandthecreepswere surroundinghimsoonenough.Whatalifeheleads!” “Werethephotographersstillscreaming‘Gethim’?”Iasked. “Horrible phrase,” Steingarten said, agreeing with the disdain in my tone. “Well, they got him! There were photographers all over the place, TV cameras, reporters coming out of the woodwork. Jimi was verycooperative;hemusthavegiventheV-for-victorysignahundred timesaftertheverdict.Allkindsofpeopleliterallyfollowedhimdown thestreetuntilwecouldgethiminthecar.JimiwastheirPiedPiperin thathandsomebrownsuedecapeofhis.Hecutquiteadashingfigure.” IaskedSteingartenifMichaelJefferyhadsurfacedandwhether he’d offered to pay a portion of the legal expenses. “Not that I’ve heardof,”hesaid,adding,“IfindJefferyatroublingsubject.” IheardfromJimiinNewYorkthedayafterChristmas.Asusual, hehadnotreturnedtoSeattlefortheholidays.Hetoldmeaboutrehearsals with theBand of Gypsys, his latest musical concept. Mitch wastakingtimeoffinEngland.DrummerBuddyMileshadlongbeen pushingtoworkwithHendrix,soJimi,ashesaid,“gotmyselftalked into agreeing”that Buddy wouldbe partof the trio. Billy Cox would continue as Jimi’s bass player. As he gave me the details, Jimi soundedunsureofhimself;therewasnoneoftheusualsparkleand enthusiasmheusuallydisplayedinspeakingofhisnewmusic. NeitherofusbroughtupToronto. 174
CHAPTER TEN
Drifting
T
heBandofGypsysplayedfourshowsfor
concert promoter Bill Graham at the Fillmore East in New York on New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day. The first performance was showy,sloppy,andlackinginsubstance.GrahamjabbedatJimiduringtheintermission,“You’realljivetonight.Can’tyoudobetterthan this?”Jimiwastakenabackandangry.Hispersonalpridewasonthe line when he walked onstage for the second show. He offered up a highlyfocusedvirtuosoperformancethatheldthecrowdspellbound. JimiagreedtoplayatAWinterFestivalforPeace,onJanuary28, 1970,atMadisonSquareGarden,whichbenefitedandwasorganized by the Vietnam Moratorium Committee. The Band of Gypsysdidn’t appearuntilafterthreeinthemorning.Theexcitedcrowd,whohad waited forhimfor hours,soon realized that Jimi was in noshape to play.Hespokeoffensivelytomembersoftheaudience,becamesick with cramps, andfinallyhe walked offstage.It was an embarrassing disasterforHendrix. WhenIheardfromJimiinearlyFebruary,hetoldme,“Devonhit mewithsomebadacid.IwasoutofmymindattheGarden.”Person-
SHARON LAWRENCE allyandmusically,hehadnothingbutcoldwordsforBuddyMiles.I askedwhathadgonewrongwiththeBandofGypsys.Hesaidsarcastically, “Mr. Miles didn’t hear the songs the way I did. It was all recordedattheFillmoreshows;youcanhearforyourselfifyouwant to buy a copy from Mr. Chalpin. He’ll be releasing it for himself on Capitol,notReprise,thankstoMr. Jeffery.” Jimiwasnotusuallyasarcasticperson.Hemadeanefforttocool down. He spoke of new song ideas. I usually enjoyed hearing about thesongshewasworkingon,buttonightIdidn’tpaycloseattention. IwasthinkingaboutChalpinandJeffery.Theyremindedmeofadifficultmathprobleminschool,whereyoukeptaddingandaddingbut thetotalneverturnedoutright. ThusfarEdChalpinhadmadefarmoremoneyonHendrixRecords thanJimi had.Chalpin was shrewd;he’d mademonkeysof Jeffery and all the lawyers involved. “Ed Chalpin,” recalled a source involved in the negotiations, “was astute and tenacious. He was a master at wearing people down. Chalpin reminded me of a squirrel surrounded by acorns. When he found the one he wanted, he grabbed it and wouldn’t let go.” In two and a half years, Chalpin’s threats had delayed some of the Experience’s record releases, he’d received a handsome sum of money from Warner Bros. (ultimately charged to Jimi), released two substandard albums on Capitol, and now he’d struck gold. It was Jeffery’s idea to give him the Band of Gypsys’livealbum.Thenmaybe he’dgoaway. For years Chalpin had made a prosperous living releasing poorsound-quality recordings, in cheap sleeves, often by unknown performers—coverversionsofsongsestablishedartistshadmadefamous. “He made deals around the world for what you might call ‘bargainbasement music,’ a New York distributor said. “The kind you find at truckstops,drugstores,littlemom-and-popstores,andthelike.” Now on the latest authorized, however reluctantly, Hendrix album, Chalpin’s name and his company, PPX Enterprises, would be emblazoned for the world to see, and he would collect the lion’s shareoftheprofits.ItshouldhavebeenaproudstepupforChalpin, 176
Jimi Hendrix scoringinthebigleagues.Butstill hegrumbled.Whydidithavetobe a live album? Why couldn’t he get his hands on one of those big, splashystudioalbumsthecriticsravedabout? Theredidn’tseemtobeanendinsight,forChalpinwaspreparing to go after Jimi’s English record company. He had a history of serving up legal complaints against numerous people in America. Hendrixwasthebiggestscoreofall,andChalpinhadcannilyfocused onscaretacticsandsecuringsettlementsratherthangoingtotheexpenseandriskofallowingajudgetomakeadefinitiverulingonthe 1965 agreement between himself and the struggling, unknown JimmyHendrix. The fact is that Chalpin and Jimi Hendrix the star had never stoodtogetherinacourtroominfrontofajudgeandjury.“Youcould lose everything if itcametotrial,” Jeffery hadtoldJimi, butIdidn’t believe that any judge and/or jury would be so harsh. How much harshercoulditget?Thenever-endingpressurefromChalpinworked aterribleemotionalandfinancialhardshiponHendrix. JimiphonedmeagaininFebruary.Asbefore,therewastoo much on his mind this day. “Two children now,” he said abruptly. He told methathe’drecentlybeengiventhenewsthathewasthefatherofa son born several months ago in Sweden. I said nothing. What was theretosay?Ifounditallterriblysadandscrewedup,asIreflected onthesmallphotoofababygirlhe’dshownmein1969.Shewas,he said, the child of Regina Jackson, the young prostitute he’d tried to reform,tohelp,inthesummerof1966.“Thelittlegirllookslikeme,” he had said. “The eyes . . .” I had nodded. Whenever Jimi had broughtupassortedpersonalissues,Iusuallyjustlistened. “Twogirls . . . womenIhardlyknowanymore,”hewenton.“But Ido knowthem.”
F
or months several well-known figures in the music business had
beencourtingHendrixtotakeoverhismanagementassoonashis 177
SHARON LAWRENCE contractwithJefferyranout,inabouteighteenmonths’time.Oneof them was the powerful promoter Bill Graham. Mike Jeffery became increasingly uneasy as Devon Wilson, on Jeffery’s payroll as Jimi’s “assistant” and Mike’s informant, tauntingly told him about Hendrix’s conversations with potential new managers. Jeffery had long put the pressure on Jimi; now he was feeling it himself. Music producerAlanDouglas,whowasambitiousandknowledgeableabouta varietyofstylesofmusicandmusicians,wasyetanotherthorninJeffery’sside.DouglashadintroducedHendrixto,amongothers,John McLaughlin, a guitarist Jimi admired; lately they had jammed and recorded together. Douglas, according to Jimi, was “always full of plansandideasforme;he’sabigtalker.”Hewasawhitemanwhoaffectedthelookofablackman,completewithAfrohairstyle,goatee, and,often,deeptan.Mikefeltthreatenedbywhatheperceivedtobe Douglas’sinfluenceonJimi.DidDouglaswanttobeJimi’smanager? Hisproducer?Orboth?TheusuallycoolJefferywasheardscreaming outsideaNewYorkclub,“AlanDouglasisscum!Iwillnever lethim get his hands on Hendrix!” This in response to a surprised recordcompany promotion man who’d asked if Hendrix was hooking up withDouglas. DouglaslivednearHendrixintheVillage;hiswifeandhersister, talentedinfashiondesign,hadbeeninvolvedwithelementsofJimi’s wardrobe for quite some time, as well as personally involved with Jimi. “Lately I’ve been thinking that I’m circled by wolves,” Hendrix told me on the phone one afternoon, in reference to “Douglas and that whole little scene.” He sounded somewhat disenchanted with thelotofthem. Jimi felt “brutalized,” he said, by the tug-of-war over him as a businessentity.MikeJefferyhadnevermadeitasecretthathedidn’t want Hendrix playing with black musicians. Jimi was eager to play withMitchagain,andJefferywaspushingtoreassembletheExperience. Jimi told me that both he and Mitch had strong misgivings about working with Noel anytime soon. Redding’s personal, financial,andmusicalliveswereinchaos;asaresultofhiserraticbehav178
Jimi Hendrix ior,he’dbeenkickedoutofhisownband,FatMattress.ChasChandler had no further bright ideas for him, and he forthrightly said to Noel,“Youneedtogetfit,man.Thepillsareaffectingyourmind.And layoffthebooze.” JimisoontoldJefferythathewantedMitchondrums,thatBilly Coxwouldbeplayingbass,andthatwasthat.Hendrixsaidhewould not use the Experience name. “We’ll call ourselves Gypsy Sun and Rainbows again.” This was the band name he’d first used at the Woodstockfestival.JimihadworkedwithengineerEddieKramerfor mostofhisrecordingcareer,sincetheymetinLondonin1967,but he indicated to me that he’d been increasingly feeling that Kramer was not on the same creative wavelength with him. “With the new studio,I’dliketotryoutotherengineers,”hesaid.“Freshthoughts. Freshtones.”Hendrixhadstudiedrecentexpensesheets;thecostof beingontheroadwashuge,withsalariesandbonusestopayformusicians and crew plus hotels, airfare, and transporting the stage equipment.NowJimiwastakingonnewoverheadwithElectricLady, andit madehimuncomfortable that so many livelihoodsdepended onhim.
I
thadbeenahard,cold,dangerouswinterforJimiHendrix,andthe springof1970provedlittlebetter.Jimi’sfirstandonlytruehome,
the Greenwich Village apartment leased in the fall of 1969, was a vision to behold, for the most part personally decorated by him in an imaginative,tasteful Arabian Nights / Moroccan theme.Unfortunately, many of his guests were not as attractive as the décor. A growing stream of droppers-by, hangers-on, so-called friends, and Hendrix wannabes cluttered the sidewalk of West Twelfth Street, thegenteellobby,andtheelevatoratallhoursofthedayandnight. Hendrix—like many new rock stars—often felt he was obligated to share hissuccess, his privatetime, with his admirers. “Once you let ’emin,howdoyougetridofthem?”hedesperatelyaskedaNewYork 179
SHARON LAWRENCE policeofficerwhoshoweduponcetohelpthrowoutvisitorswhohad overstayedtheirwelcome. There were also the drug dealers and drug “gifters,” some of themmembersofNewYorkhighsociety,eagertofeelhipandtrendy byassociation.And there wasDevon,hanging on astight toJimi as waspossible.Shewasbyturnsbeguilingandbrazen,aswellasaserious drug userand supplierand possibly a“narc,”accordingto New Yorkrock-sceneinsiders;wheninatightspot,sheinformedonothers to avoid her own problems with the law. Jimi was drawn to her, but he had learned never to trust her for long. He had brought her name up to me on several occasions and admitted that it was a destructiverelationship—“Shehasalwaysbroughtmetrouble.”Heunderstoodthattocleanuphisownact,hehadtostayawayfromalist ofpeoplehehadidentifiedas“badnews.”HemadethiscleartoDevon when she dropped in unexpectedly, bringing two of the “bad news” crowd with her. Jimi’d just gotten home from the studio, and Devon andherfriendswerestoned;oneofthemfellheavilyonachairHendrixprizedandbrokeit. Being in Hendrix’s orbit was vital to Devon’s sense of selfesteem. She cared about Jimi, but more than this she needed him. Everyone in New York whose opinion mattered to her knew she was oneofJimi’sgirls.Shecouldn’tallowhimtodumpher.Shedecided toshowJimishecould getheracttogether. TherespectedstagedirectorCarmenCapalbowasrehearsinghis concept of the renowned lyric opera Mahagonny, originally created byBertoltBrechtandKurtWeillinthelate1920s.Itwastobestaged atNewYork’sAndersonTheateronSecondAvenue,especiallyrenovated for Capalbo’s theatrical event. Devon excitedly told Hendrix thatshe’dwonasmallroleinMahagonny. She counted the days until Jimicould see heronstage. Hendrix toldmeofwhatheviewedasamajorcreativerevelation.“I’veseen somethingsomind-blowingIfeellikeitcouldchangemylife!Incredible music! With sets and costumes! Can you imagine me creating somethingfortheater?”heasked.“Imean,onBroadwayandall?” 180
Jimi Hendrix “Absolutely,Jimi.Absolutely!”Itwasfantasticformetohearthe oldenthusiasmbackinhistone. Hesaidthathe’dmetthedirector.“Mr.Capalbotoldmehe’denjoyhearinganyofmyideas.AndIdon’tbelievehethinksI’manoddballoradrugged-outhippie,”Hendrixsaid. JiminevermentionedDevon’sstageappearanceinthisconversation;itwasallaboutnewcreativevistasforhimself. JimmyJustice—pianist,writer,composer,singer,andactor—was in the cast of Mahagonny. “We started rehearsing in February, and theshowopenedandclosedinAprilafteronlyeightperformances,” hesaid.“Itwasashame,butthat’sthewaythetheatercanbe.Devon Wilsonwasamongthebeautifulgirlswhoappearedashookersinthe show.Shedidn’tsingoract;thehookerswerepartoftheambience, thesetting.Iwasknownforcookingupsoulfoodandbringingitto theshow.Shesaid,‘Oh,myboyfriendwouldjustlovethisfood!’She asked for recipes and instructions. I don’t think she’d ever done much cooking, but she was very proud of knowing Jimi Hendrix. ‘I wantyou tocookforhim,’shesaid.Igatheredfromwhatshesaidthat hewasdisappointedinhowshefixedthebeans.” Jimmy Justice never did have the opportunity to cook for Hendrix; they would have hit it off, for the multitalented Justice was a graduate of Juilliard, the music school Jimi dreamed of attending. “Maybehedidn’treallyneedschool,”Justicesaid.“Ialwaysthought ofhimasoneofGod’sspecialchildren.” HendrixtoldMikeJefferyofhisinterestincreatingafull-length musical play for the theater. “He listened, but then he changed the subject,” Jimi said. Mike’s interest was in keeping the reins tight on Jimi.Hisbiglure—andhecountedheavilyonthis—wasElectricLady Studios.JefferyknewthatHendrixwouldgivehistimeandinterestto details of everything from microphone placement to sound baffles. Themilliondollarspluspouredintothestudiowerecoveredbylarge advancesagainstJimi’sfutureroyaltiesfromRepriseRecords.Nolariat could be tighter than the one Jeffery had long spun around his onceidealisticstar.Mikecalledtheshots,andJimi’sgrandplans,vi181
SHARON LAWRENCE sualizedmonthsagoinLosAngeles—allthose“childhooddreams”— werevanishinglikebeautifulbutfragilebubblesintheair. JimiappearedinLosAngelesinconcertonApril25,1970,again forasold-outshowattheForum.Thisnightseveralhundredyoung black men and women were on hand to check him out. I observed theircuriosityand,gradually,theirpride.Thiswhitefolks’blackrock starwassomethingelse!Theycheeredandjumpedtotheirfeet,joiningtheentirerockingarena,andtheyapplaudedthemusicianwhose recordsseldomreceivedairplayonblackradiostations.“He’ssomethin’,”Iheardathirtyishblackmantellhiswife.“We’llbuyanalbum ortwotomorrow.” Where Jimi really didn’t cut it was often with older, respected blackguitarplayers.They foundhim“tooflashy,”and theyweren’t sureexactlywhatitwashewastryingtosaywithhisguitarorinhis songs. Los Angeles record producer Denny Bruce worked with numerous talented black musicians; he heard their comments about Hendrix. “There was resentment,” he said. “Jimi was one of a kind, makingmoneyfromthewhiteaudience.Someoftheguysfelthewas anovernightsuccess,thathehadn’t paid hisdues,andherehewas makingabunchofmoney,ridinginalimousineandallthat.” “Yourowncanbesocruel,”Jimihadearliersaidtomeabouthis struggling days and the jealousy and lack of encouragement he felt frommanyotherblackplayers.B. B.Kingwasanotableexception.“I knew him just a tiny bit before I went to London,” Jimi told me. “Whenourpathscrossedagain,andIwasdoinggood,B. B.gavemea guitar.Thatmeantsomethingtome.”
H
endrixcalledmeseveraltimeswhenIwasoutoninterviews;we playedphonetaginvain.“Hewantstoknowwhatyouthinkof
the Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young album,” my answering service informedmeinoneofthemessages.“He’scrazyaboutit.Hesaidtotell you,he’slookingforagoodtaperecorderforyou.” 182
Jimi Hendrix Jimi,Mitch,andBillyplayedtwoshowsattheBerkeleyCommunity Theater near the end of May. Berkeley was directly adjacent to SanFrancisco,Jimi’sturfsince1967.BetweentheearlyBayAreafans andthecollegekidsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,“Hendrixmania”wasinfullthrottleforthesegigsthatwererecordedand alsofilmed.Inthecourseoftheevening,ReginaJacksonturnedupto speaktoJimiaboutfinancialsupportfortheirdaughter;theyended uphavingaseriousconversationinarestroomawayfromthecurious andbalefulgazeofDevon,who’dbeggedJimitolethercomealong on this California run. Regina would never forget “how handsome Jimiwasinhisblackleathersuit.” On June 20, I went to see Jimi at the Beverly Rodeo Hotel. I’d beenhearingstoriesaboutJimianddrugsthatmademesickatheart; they revolved around his snorting cocaine and heroin with Devon and her pals. On this occasion Hendrix was staying in a small suite, not his usual penthouse accommodations, and he, Mitch, and Billy hadarrivedonlyminutesbefore. Itapped lightlyat thedoorandsaidmyname.Jimi opened the doorformetoenterbutsaidnothingatall.Ignoringthefactthathe looked exhausted and had probably gotten little if any sleep before theyleftNewMexicoearlythatmorning.Istoodthereandjustsailed intohim,loadedwithrighteousness.“ItkillsmetohavehalfofNew York City calling me about the kind of dope you and your so-called friends are into.Snorting away and then talking about how spiritual youare.Whataloadofbull!” Jimi’seyeswentfromtiredanddulltoangry.Hebackedtoward aslidingglasswindow,placinghishandonawoodenchair,andhe looked as though he was contemplating flinging it at me. Jimi was onestepawayfromraisinghisfist.“Don’tmakemeactlikeafool.I havetogetsomesleep,”hesaid.AsImovedawayfromhim,Iasked him if he’d read the letter I’d sent to him in New York—a letter of encouragement, expressing faith that he could and would turn his lifearound.Helookedatmelikehedidn’tknowwhatIwastalking about and said again, “Don’t make me be a fool!” I’d never heard 183
SHARON LAWRENCE thissemithreateningtoneofvoicefromhim,anditangeredme.He angeredme. “You are a fool,” I snapped. “Whatever happened to that common sense you supposedly believe in?” He had never experienced crueltyorcontemptfrommebefore. Jimimovedcloser,lookedmestraightintheeye,andsaid,“Fuck you!Getoutofhere!” Iheadedforthedoor,hiswordsringinginmyhead.Thiswasnot theJimiIknew.Ididnotwanttoknowthisperson.
H
enrySteingartenphonedmetosayhellowhenhetraveledtoLos Angelesonbusiness.“Isupposeyou’vebeentalkingwithJimi,”
he said dourly.He was down onHendrix, tellingmethatJimididn’t show upfor seriousmeetingsthatwereimportant tohisbestinterests,orelsewhenhedid,hesoonleftthemeetingorclosedhiseyes andsaidnothing. “No, not lately,” I lied. I didn’t want to admit to our ugly confrontation. “He is simply not acting like a responsible adult,” the attorney told me. There had been times when Steingarten would affectionately say, “Jimi’s on the ball this week.” Now his lawyer seemed to have lost just about all respect for Hendrix. If he walked—and I figureditwouldn’tbelongbeforeSteingartendidjustthat—Jimiwould bemorevulnerableandtroubledthanever. IpouredallthisoutintheregularairmaillettersJackMeehanat theUPILondonbureauandIexchanged.JimiandMeehanalsocommunicated from time to time. Jack may have been fifty, which seemed ancient to me and everyone I knew, but he was intelligent, kind,andinsightful.WediscussedeveryonefromMarianneFaithfull to Jim Morrison to the Stones and the Jefferson Airplane. Jack sent me a telegram urging me to “be patient with Jimi. Don’t walk away fromhim.”IfeltthatIalreadyhad. 184
Jimi Hendrix Little more than a week after our confrontation at the Beverly Rodeo Hotel, I received a late-night phone call from Jimi. At the sound of his voice, I wanted to hang up on him, but he sounded earnest and clearheaded, so I listened. The words “I apologize . . . Pleaseforgiveme”wererepeatedmanytimes.Hewastryingsohard, but it was torturous for me to hear him actually plead. He told me thathehadreturnedtohisNewYorkapartment,“andIdugthrough all the stuff that was piling up. I found your letter!” Jimi said. “It meanssomuchtome.Ireaditcarefully,andIwillkeepreadingit.” Hesoundedtrulycontriteandsincere.“I’mnotstoned,incaseyou’re wondering,” he said. I asked him why he was on his own this night. “Because I want to be,” he said. “I’m trying to make changes. Can’t youtell?Iamreally trying. . . .”Hisvoicetrailedoff. I waited for more, but he said nothing. I was very quiet against this . . . this background of his constantinternal chaos.All the jugglingofhisproblems.IfelthowdesperateJimiwas,tryingtoholdon to himself. Finally I said, soquietlythatI could hardly hearmyown voice,“Your lifeisveryseriousnow.Youcan’tletallthelosersinyour lifebringyoudown.”Wewerebothcrying.“Somuchlightwouldgo outoftheworldifsomethinghappenedtoyou,”Isaid.Icouldbarely speakthewords. “Iknow.Iknow,”hesaid.
W
hatIthoughtaboutwhenJimiandIhungupwas . . . money.I
knewthathewasconcernedandembarrassedaboutthelack
offinancialsupporthecouldprovideforthetwochildrenhebelieved tobehis.His“personal”moneyinthelastthreeyearshadbeenspent on clothes (onstage and off), loans to virtually anyone who asked, generoustips,andthefundshisfatheraskedfor.Hehadbought,at different times, two or three Corvettes. He didn’t own a home or property.Occasionallyhislimousinebillwasoutofwhack,butacar anddriverwerealsoaformofsecurity.Drugsweregenerallyfree,but 185
SHARON LAWRENCE not always. The bulk of his income went two places: into Electric LadyStudiosandtopaythousandsuponthousandsofdollarsinlegal bills.Withcompetent,honestmanagement,mostofthoselegalfees wouldnothavebeennecessary. Incertainways,nomatterhowtalentedorfamoushewas,Jimi Hendrix was a “black curiosity.” The record industry in 1970 had a long and shabby history of treating black musicians dishonestly. It wasn’tjustwhiterecordlabelsthatplayeditthisway,butalsosome blackcompanies.Itseemed to me thatoftenblackperformerswho were joyful in their music were punished and easily taken for granted—“Oh, he [or she] will go along with it. He’s just glad to be working!”AndherewasHendrixbreakinggroundasaone-of-a-kind artist,astar in theeyesofthe whiteaudience.Two differentrecord executivesinLosAngeles,oneofthematJimi’sownlabel,hadasked meataparty,“DoyouthinkJimiHendrixknowshowlucky heis?”I didn’tknowhowtoreply. ItwasnotmuchmorethanayearearlierthatJimihadbeenfun, whimsical,stillidealistic,andfullofideasforhismusicandhislife.I wonderedwhenitwouldbelikethatforhimagain.
O
nJuly4,1970,Jimi,Billy,andMitchplayedtheAtlantaPopFestival, helddown the road from Atlanta proper, in Byron, Geor-
gia, during weather so sticky and sweltering that their show was moved from afternoon to midnight. One teenage fan, who had “camped out in the mud” at the Woodstock festival the previous summerandwho’dhitchhikedhundredsofmilesfromWashington, D.C., to Georgia specifically to hear Hendrix, described the Atlanta performanceasbeing“Jimiathisbest.Hewasclassyandfocused.It wasbeyondthrillingtohearHendrixplay‘TheStar-SpangledBanner’ on theFourthofJuly.”Young peoplefrom throughoutthesouthattendedthisthree-dayfestival,whichdrewatotalofabouthalfamil-
186
Jimi Hendrix lion people; along with Woodstock, it was the most impressive turnoutofthe“hippienation”ever.DuaneAllman,theinspiringand influential king of southern music, and the Allman Brothers Band playedonbothJuly3and5.Hendrixregrettedthatthetimeframedid notpermitaDuane-Jimijam. Seeing hundreds of thousands of people on their feet cheering Jimiasagreatstarthathotnightofferedamightyredemptionforthe boy who had first played Atlanta as an unknown backup musician, sleeping in the cheapest motel and dutifully obeying the Colored Onlysigns. All that summer, in sporadic chunks of time whenever his gig schedule permitted, Jimi spent long hours in Electric Lady Studios. Workingonnewmaterialandtestingthestudiosound,Hendrixunleashed his guitars in a hellacious frenzy, exploring the diverse rhythmsandtonesheheardinhisimagination.Aswordspreadabout Hendrix’s new hangout, admirers gathered outside 52 West Eighth Streethopingforaglimpseoftheirman. Fewofthemhadanyreasontoknowthatalmostfiftyyearsprior, down the street at 18 West Eighth, a comfortable, multistory, historichome,anothergracefulyoungmanaboutNewYorkhadspent Saturdayeveningsplayinghisnewcompositionsonthepianoforan arrayofspellboundluminaries.HisnamewasGeorgeGershwin.
W
hen Hendrix discovered Dylan, he made a point of learning
aboutDylan’sowninspiration,WoodyGuthrie.“Hewasaman
who knew about suffering,” Hendrix told me in 1969. “He had a roughlife,intheDepressionandall.Woodywrotehundredsofsongs, andhesketchedanddrewcartoons.Hediedacoupleofyearsago.It allcamefromdeepinside;Ithinkhemusthavebeenagenius.”Itwas oneofthefewtimesIeverheardJimiusethatword.InJuly1970,unexpectedlyJimisentmeacopyofsomewordsbyWoodyGuthrie:
187
SHARON LAWRENCE Iamouttosingsongsthatwillprovetoyou thatthisisyourworld andthatifithashityouprettyhard andknockedyouforadozenloops, nomatterhowhardit’srunyoudown, androlledoveryou, nomatterwhatcolor,whatsizeyouare, howyouarebuilt;Iamouttosingthesongs thatwillmakeyoutakeprideinyourself andinyourwork. Inthesameenvelope,Jimihadincluded copies of several businesscontractsandpertinentdocuments.Nonotewasattached.Ifigured he saw this assortment as representing warring factions in his life—prideversusbusiness. That summer Lonnie Youngblood met up with his old friend fromtheearlydaysinNewYork.LonnieremembersthatJimiworea seriousexpressiononhisface.“Hewasfamous;hehadsomemoney andabunchofworries.Jimitoldme,‘Man,Ihavegottomakesome changes.Themusicisn’tgoingwhereIwantittogo.’ ”
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CHAPTER ELEVEN
Purple Haze “Isittomorrow,orjusttheendoftime?” —JIMI HENDRIX
I
thadbeensunnyandwarminSanDiego,
wherehe,Mitch,andBillyhadenjoyedtheirconcert,almostasmuch asthefans,butwhenJimiflewintoSeattlethenextday,onJuly26, hefeltshiveryandcoldasastrongbreezekickedup.Wellawareof how changeable the Seattle weather could be, he had misgivings aboutplayingintheoutdoorSicks’Stadium.Jimifeltcertainitwould rain.Slowlytheskyturnedgray,andsodidhismood. Sammy Drain, his boyhood friend and fellow guitar freak, recalls, “It rained that night at the show, and there were electrical problems. Itwasdangerous.I saw Jimiathis dad’s house after the concert.Hekeptsaying,‘Sammy,itwasabummer . . . abummer.’I toldhim,‘Youplayedyourassoff!’Jimiwasthekindofguywho,no matterhowwellheplayed,healwaysfeltitcouldhavebeenbetter. Ishowedhimmynewcar,andhesaid,‘Man,that’sanicecar!’He toldmeabouthiswhiteCorvette. . . . Hewasrestless,though.Igot thefeelingthenthatsomethingelsebesidesthegigwasbothering him.”
SHARON LAWRENCE
J
imi called me a few days after the Seattle show, from Hawaii. We spokebrieflyofthefilminterviewsthathadtakenmeoutoftown
onlocation.“You’vebeenbusy,”hesaid.“Me,too.Wedidashowin Honolulu, and before that I was playing my guitar between two
craters—oldextinctvolcanos,youknow—inMaui,”hesaid.“Wedid twoshowsthere,andnowthere’sallthiscommotionandblah-blahblahaboutthisRainbowBridge movieJeffery’ssuckeredmeinto.”We had talked before about Michael Jeffery’s desire to become a film producer and how Jeffery was pulling strings at Warner Bros., using theHendrixconnectiontofloatthefinancing.“Ihavemixedfeelings aboutthismovie,”Jimisaid.It’skindaweird,tosaytheleast.Hippiedippyandblah-blah-blah.It’snotlikeareal movie.Mike’spouringon thecharmandactingsuperpalsy-walsy.Herentedmeanicehouse here, and it’s a beautiful area. They’re filming away, and I’m in bed recuperating,andIwantedtocatchupwithyou.” “Recuperatingfromwhat?”Iasked. “Well,Iwasoutintheocean,andIcutmyfeetonjaggedcoral. Man,ithurt!Stingslikeyouwouldn’tbelieve.Ifinallyhadtogotoa hospital and get treatment. Theybrought out one ofthose big needlesthathasalwaysscaredmetodeathsinceIwasakidtoclearup any infection. The doctor told me, ‘Go to bed and stay there.’ I’m feelingprettywobbly.ButI’vebeenthinkingalot.Beenreevaluating, asyoualwayssay.” Hmmm,Ithought.“That’sgood,isn’tit?” “Reevaluatingispainful!”hesaid.“I’vebeentakingahardlook at Jeffery, at some of the hustlers that come ’round, at my father, evenatmyself.” Histoneindicatedthatthiswastobeaseriousconversation,and Iwonderedwhatexactlyhadtriggeredit. “You know those two little children I told you about? I showed youthatpictureofthebabygirl.I’mgoingtohavetodosomething about them—do right, get involved, you know. I can’t have babies 190
Jimi Hendrix growingupthewayIdid.Quitenaturally,Ineedtomeetthem,supportthem.” “Iunderstand.” “Thishasbeeninmymindawhile,andwhenIwasinSeattlelast month, things happened, things were said. . . .” He was suddenly silent.AtfirstIthoughtthetelephoneconnectionhadbeenbroken. Butheplungedinagain,hisvoicelowandtroubled.“Therewasalot offoodatmydad’shouse,alotofpeople,oldfriends,relatives,people I’d never heard of come to look me over. Dad and his wife, the Japanesewoman,hadpicturesofmeondisplay,aposterandallthat. They were just groovin’ away on the fame riff. Then, at this certain point, myfather got on me about money and was wanting to know aboutmybusinesssituations.TheonlythingheknewaboutMikeJefferywasthattheofficewaswherehecalledwhenhewantedmoney. Quite naturally, I can assure you if I can’t make sense of all these damnmesses,howthehellcouldhe?Itwouldtakeathousandyears togooverallthat.” “Somuchforrestandrelaxationathome,”Iinterjected. “Exactly,”Jimisaid.“Exactly! Doyouknowthathecamerightout andaskedmewhatIwasdoingaboutawillandabouthimbeingthe beneficiary?HowoldamI?Twenty-seven,right?He’stwicemyage, andhewantstobethebeneficiary?”Hestopped,sighedalongsigh, andgottothepoint:“Iguesstheyallwantmetodie.” Thesewordsstunnedme.“No,Jimi,no!Hejustgotalittlecarried away. He didn’t mean it like that.” I found myself actually defending his father, whom I didn’t know at all, and trying to smooth overthispainfulfamilysituation. “No!”hesaid.“You’rewrong. Thiswasserious.Myfathermeant everyword,andheevenhadsomeoneelseworkmeover,askabout my assets and all that bull. Giving me the old routine about how much my dad had done for me. Hah! It was a bad, bad scene, I’m tellingyou.Icouldn’twaittogetoutofthere!” Itwasn’tthefirsttimehe’dtoldmehisfatherequatedhismusicwithmoneyandlotsofit.Sothis waswhatwasbugginghim.He 191
SHARON LAWRENCE feltdisrespected,butIdidn’twanttohearanymore,becausethere wasnothingIcoulddoaboutit.“Jimi,asyouliketosay,it’sallhogwash!” “Hogwash!”heechoed.“Yeah,that’swhatitis. . . .”Helaughed, butithadabitterring.
H
endrixleftHawaiiforthesteamyheatofaNewYorkAugust.He calledtotellmethatElectricLadyStudioswasshapingup,offer-
ing details of new microphones and technical ideas he was excited about. “Youmustbejustabouttheonlyrock . . . uh . . . starthatIcan thinkofwhohashisownstudio,”Isaid,immediatelyfeelingawkward becauseIseldomusedtheword“star”toJimi,whoneverreferredto himselflikethat. “IfEdChalpinhashisway,Iwon’thaveitforlong.He’sfiledan-
other lawsuit against me. There are times when I feel really great aboutthestudio.Othertimesitscaresme.Ican’treallyaffordit,and beingtiedtothestudio,quitenaturally,meansbeingtiedtoJeffery. We’regoingtoEnglandfortheIsleofWight,andyouknowit’llbea drag. Festivals,” he said disgustedly, “they’re a joke.” Once Hendrix haddeeplybelievedinthe“peace,love,andmusic”slogansofthese mass rituals; now he was disillusioned, viewing them as “money trips” that rewarded the promoters more than the audience. At the sametime,heruefullyadmitted,“Ihavetobeonmyownmoneytrip. To pay salaries and a million other things and blah-blah-blah. Am I boringyou?I’mboringme!” I told him that I would be taking my usual vacation in England andFrance.“IwasthinkingaboutgoingtotheIsleofWight,but,Jimi, youdon’tmakeitsoundworththeeffort.” He debated this momentarily. “You’d probably have a better timeifyouwereinLondon.Maybewecouldjustsendthebandtothe gigandwecouldgotothemoviesandeatpopcorn!” 192
Jimi Hendrix Igiggledatthethoughtandsaid,“Onlyifyoudothegigfirst,so youhaveenoughmoneytopayforthetickets.” “I’mgoingtobeonthespotattheIsleofWight.”Histonemade itsoundlikeatruedilemma.“IwishIhadsomethingmorespecialto play.They’reexpectingahotnewband;it’sjustnotthere yet.Ican’t saythatinaninterview.IjustreadaletterfromLesPerrinaboutall thepublicitythepromoterswantmetodo.Idon’tlikesounding—being—phonyinpublicity.” “Stopwhining,Hendrix!”Isaid,tryingtocheerhimup.“TheEnglish press has always loved you; they’ve been the best friends you couldaskfor.Theyaren’tgoingtotearyouintopieces.You’regood! Haveyouforgottenthat?” We agreed that we’d each give Les Perrin our various phone numbersinLondon.“GetLes to tellyouwhereI am, andcallmeas soonasyougetthere,okay,”Jimisaid.“Youwon’tforget?” “Iwon’tforget.” OnAugust26,1970,Hendrixattendedthepartytocelebratethe officialopeningofElectricLady;theguestlistwasamélangeofpress, musicians, friends, and so-called friends. “Eddie Kramer had suggested that we serve sushi,” Pat Costello remembers. “This was unusual in those times, and people enjoyed trying it that night. The guests loved touring the studio and were excited to see Jimi up close.”Oneofthoseguests,afan/photographerknownas“Clicker,” said, “It was a good party, but not great.” He recalled that Hendrix seemedtobeavoidingDevonWilson.“Heactedlikehewasafraidof her.” Although Jimi could have stayed another hour as the center of attention,hechosetoleaveearly.Hehadalimousinewaitingoutside on West Eighth Street to drive him out to JFK Airport to board the British Airways flight to Heathrow. Eric Barrett, his favorite roadie andguitartechnician,felthonoredtobeaskedto accompanyHendrix. AlmostfouryearshadelapsedsinceJimi,thenavirtualnobody, had flown to London for the first time. On this August morning in 193
SHARON LAWRENCE 1970, soon after he arrived at Heathrow, he declared, “No one can everunderstandwhatEnglandhasmeanttome.Everythinghashappenedhere.Somanygoodthings!”
N
o sooner had I arrived in London than I received a call from the Rolling Stones’ office—could I drop in at Maddox Street and see
MickJagger?IknewtheStonesonlycasually,mainlyfromencounters inLosAngeles,whereLesPerrinhadaskedmetobefriendlyandhelpful totheclientshetreasured.LesknewhowmuchIlovedtheirmusic.In anatmosphereofcontrolledchaos—deliverymencallingupthestairs, stagecostumesbeinginspected,telephonesringingnonstop,androck musicblaringonthestereo—Jaggerwasasbrightandamusingasever. He bowled me over when he asked if I would consider joining the
StonesontheirimminentEuropeantour;LesPerrinwasn’tfeelingwell enough to accompany them, and Mick needed a combination troubleshooter / press liaison on the road. These days Jagger was not only lead singer and cowriter for the band but now also manager and tour producer,clearlythrivingonarangeofresponsibilities.Tobelounging inabigupholstered chair in the actualoffice ofmyfavoriteband, listeningtoJaggerpouronthecharm,feltamazing.Theideaofseeingthe bandrehearseanddoaseriesofwarm-upshowsinDenmark,Sweden, Finland,andGermanyseemedtoofabulous—or“fab”aswealllikedto sayaboutanythinggroovyorcool.Ihesitated;thisopportunitywould leavemenotimeforthetruevacationIdesperatelyneeded.Jaggercontinued to be ingratiating: “We’re flying out from Heathrow in two days,”hesaid.“Sharon,Ineedyou.We needyou.Pleasecomewithus.” “I’dlovetodothisbut—” “Eventually we’ll move on to Paris, and you won’t believe how amazingitwillbe,”headdedtemptingly. “No,” I said. “I really have to return to my job on September twenty-first.”Itwaskillingmetoturnhimdown.“Givemeacouple ofhourstothink.I’llringyou.” 194
Jimi Hendrix I set off on a quick shopping spree, because shopping was very muchoneofthereasonsIlikedtovacationinLondon,hittingFoale& Tuffin, Liberty, and Mary Quant on the run. Back in my room, I phonedHendrixattheLondonderryHotel,wherehewasdoingwallto-wall press interviews. “I’ve talked and talked and talked and let themtakeazillionpictures,”Jimisaid.“Youwereright—theystilllike me! It makes me feel better to know that. Quite naturally, I’m tired andconcernedaboutthegig.Norehearsalandall.Alotofquestions aboutElectricLady,though.That’stricky.Iwantedtobehonestand sayIdon’thaveanymoneyandit’sreallyMike’sstudio.I’mjustpaying for it.” He rambled on in the way celebrities do when they’ve talkedwithtoomanypresspeopleintooshortatime.Finallyhetook abreathandsaid,“You’rehere!Ijust realizedthatyou’reinLondon.” “Yes,Iam,andI’mthrilled,asalways,tobehere.”Iplungedin. “Jimi,I’vedecidedtotakeyouradviceandnotgototheIsleofWight. Itsoundshuge, andIdon’twanttobecaughtupinawildcrowdgoing andcoming.Anyway . . . uh . . . youprobablyknowthatLesPerrinis having some health problems, so I’m going off with the Stones on theirtourforafewdaystohelpout.” Thisgothisattention.“Youdon’tneedtodothat,”hesaid. “Well,I’veneverbeentoScandinavia,sothisisagoodopportunityforme.” “Oh,” he said flatly. “You’d better be careful.” He didn’t like it, andIdidn’tcare. Ihand-selectedeachstemofabouquetofflowersthatIknewhe wouldappreciate,tuckedinacardfullofgoodwishesforthegig,and had themdelivered to his hotel. Twodayslater I joined upwith the RollingStonesandtheirmountainofluggageatHeathrow.Carefully placedontheheapwasacharmingtoyboxwith“Marlon”inscribed on the front. Keith Richard and Anita Pallenberg’s young blond son wasamuch-lovedmemberoftheRollingStones’TouringParty.
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H
endrixmania”wasatafeverpitchontheIsleofWight,wherean unprecedented half a million fans from throughout the United
KingdomandEuropehadcampedoutwaitingfor“TheMan.”Jimiwas definitely,ashe’dsaid,“onthespot”todeliverastrongperformance. Jean-PierreLeloir, Jimi’s Frenchphotographer friend, was there that weekend. “Jimilooked weak to me,” he recalled. “He wasthin, almostlosinghispants.Thesoundfromtheloudspeakerswasbad.I couldseehisunhappiness.HewasnotthestrongguyIhadseenbefore.Jimididnothavethesamepresence.” AsJimihad told me, he, Mitch, and Billy had not rehearsed for the festival. They opened their set with “God Save the Queen” and,
despitesoundandothertechnicalproblems,managedtosail,sometimessloppilyandatothertimesbrilliantly,throughsuchclassicsas “Spanish Castle Magic,” “All Along the Watchtower,” “Foxy Lady,” “Purple Haze,” “Red House,” and, for old times’ sake, the Beatles’ “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band.” At one point, in complete frustration over the sound situation, Jimi stepped from the edge of thestagefarbacktotherearofMitch’sdrumkit,withBillyfollowing his lead. The trio was practically joined at the hip in an attempt to tighten up and make it work. Through it all, the crowd rooted for Jimi,andtheyloved himthenastheywouldforever.
A
fteralmostaweekofthedrivingbeatoftheStones’musicand the usual petty jealousies and minidramas of the road, I was
awakenedfromasoundsleepinmyroomattheHotelForestainSwedenwhentheScandinavianconcertpromoter,whowasworkingwith the Stones, telephoned me in the middle of the night. “Your friend HendrixreallyscrewedupatmyconcertinÅrhus,”hesaid,hisvoice booming irately over the receiver. “He stumbled all over the stage whenhecouldmoveatall.Hewasincapableofplayingafullshow. Incapable!Ihadtorefundthemoney.I’lllosemyshirtifhedoesn’t showupinCopenhagen.Andhiscareerwillbeover!” 196
Jimi Hendrix Incapable? Oh, God . . . this word frightened me. Early the next morning,Iquietly,seriously,andembarrassedlyfilledMickJaggerin on myconcerns. I feltuncomfortable and somehowdisloyal speaking—oh, so briefly and choosing my words carefully—of Hendrix’s personal business to Jagger, even though I knew that no one could understanditallbetterthanhecould.Mickmadeiteasy.“Flythere today.Youneedtoseetohim.Don’tworryaboutus.Butdon’tstay long,allright?”
T
he Stones’ wonderfully efficient and good-hearted travel agent
booked myflight and made a reservation for me at the Copen-
hagen hotel where Jimi, Mitch, and Billy were staying. As soon as I checkedinandchangedclothes,ItookataxitoKBHallen,theconcerthall,wherethecrowdwasexuberantlyfilinginsidefortheshow. Thepromoterhadleftapassandaticketwaitingforme. The door was wide open to the long, narrow dressing room; it wasfilledwithprettygirlssurroundingJimi,whowassittinginachair holdingcourtattherearoftheroom.Itooktwostepsinside.Jimi’s eyes widened, and he immediately stood up, moved forward, and threwhisarmsaroundme.Hehuggedmeclose.Hekissedmewarmly and then stood back to admire the new dress and high heels I’d pickeduponmyshoppingspree.Wewereusuallycasualwhengreetingeachother,soIhadtoassumethatallthisattentionmeantJimi washappytoseeme;itwasthefirsttimewe’dbeeninthesameroom sincetheupsettingargumentinJune.TheattractiveDanishdamsels appeared startled and curious to discover a new ingredient in the mix.Hendrixlookedthinnerbutfitenough.Hewashimself.Thiswas allIneededtoknow. “ThisisSharon,”heannouncedtotheroomatlarge.“Thisismy friend.”Hesoundedproudandsentimental. “I’vebeenworryingaboutyou,”Itoldhimquietly,sonooneelse wouldhear. 197
SHARON LAWRENCE Jimi’s face softened even more; he was as touched by these wordsasifhe’dneverheardthembefore.“That’ssweet,”hesaid.He musthaverealizedthatI’dbeentoldaboutthepreviousevening’sdebacle,andheadded,“I’llbegoodtonight!” Ilefthimtoreturntohis“distractions”soIcouldfindmyseatin themedium-sizehall,whichheldperhapsfourthousandpeople,beforetheshowstarted.Iappreciatedagoodstageentrance.Allthose fair-skinned,blond,usuallylaid-backDanescheeredandclappedin delightthemomenttheysawJimi.Heseemedthepictureofhealthas heenergetically coveredthe stage.Jimi played well,althoughitwas nottheband’sgreatestperformance.Still,thepeopleintheaudience seemed to feel that they had gotten far more than their money’s worth. At the drum kit, Mitch was as precise as ever, his face wreathedinsmiles;hehadjustreturnedfromaquicktriptoLondon to see his new daughter. Billy Cox, despite recent stories I’d heard thathewasnotuptopar,seemedingoodformashelaiddownthe solidbassrhythmsthathadimpressedHendrixfromthebeginningof their friendship. The audience sat onthe edge of their seats for the big Hendrixsongslike“PurpleHaze,”“FoxyLady,”and“AllAlongthe Watchtower.”AsattheIsleofWight,Copenhagensimplylovedtheir Jimi,ultimatelycontenttolistentoanythinghechosetoplay.When hetiredoftheflashy,excitingshowmanship,Jimichangedthepace andsimplystoodinplace,aquietlydynamicpresence,gentlyblendingwithhisinstrument.Therollercoasterwasbackontrack. TheonlydamperonanexhilaratingeveningwasJimi’sconcern for Billy Cox, his soft-spoken, unworldly former army buddy. “He can’thandleallthis,”Hendrixwhisperedtomewhenweallreturned tothehotel. “It’stoodifferentfromwhathe’susedto.”The confusion,thenonstopattentionthatpermeatedtheHendrixorbit,andall that travel to unfamiliar places—plus a dose of “bad” LSD in Sweden—had Billy acting very strangely. “You talk to him, okay?” Jimi asked. WhileJimipartiedwithhisScandinavianadmirers,CoxandIsat quietlyatatableinthehotelmezzanine,talkingofthenewElectric 198
Jimi Hendrix Lady recording studio and of his respect for Jimi. “He’s a huge star everywhere,andhedeservestobe!”Billysaid.“I’mafraidthatI’mlettinghimdown.Youknow,therearepeopleconnectedwithhimwho hate me.Theydon’t wantmeplayingwithJimi.Idon’twanttolethim down; I have to get my act together. But I’m not used to this crazy kind of life. I don’t know how he stands it.” He talked and talked aboutlifeontheroad,thenbarragedmewithquestionsaboutwhat theStoneswerereallylikeandwhattheythoughtofHendrix. At three in the morning, I finally returned to my room; it had been another long day. Six hours later I rode in a car with Billy in a smallcaravanofvehiclesthatincludedMitch,Jimi,andhisentourage ontheirwaytotheairportfortheGermanlegoftheirtour.Theywere headliningaconcertinBerlinandasummerfestivalontheGerman islandofFehmarn.Asbaggagewasbeingchecked,Jimimotionedto metosplitfromthegroup,andwestrolledwhatseemedlikeendless milesofcorridorinthevastCopenhagenairport.Iwasstillclutching mypassportaswewalked.Hendrixgazedatitwithsurprise.“Howdo youkeepyourpassportsoclean?”Heshowedmehisownwell-worn, dingypassport. “Simple,verysimple.Everynight,”Isaid,“Igentlycleanitwitha washclothandmildfacialsoap,andthenIputthehairdryeronlow todaintilydryit.” He lookedat me out of the cornerofhis eye,reflectingon this whileItriednottolaugh. “Ijustrenewedit.Mypassport’sbrand-new!”Iexplained,andhe chuckled,givingmeoneofhisbestwidesmiles. SpottingthegatetotheplanethatwouldtakemebacktoSweden and the Stones, I stopped, smiled up at Jimi, and said, “Have a goodtime!”Ikissedhimonthecheek. “Whatdoyoumean?”Hegrabbedmyarm.“Aren’tyoucoming withus?” Iexplainedmysituation.“They’vecometocountonme.” “HowmanyStonesshowsdoyouhavetoseeanyway?”Hisfrown becameaglare. 199
SHARON LAWRENCE “Hey, man,” I declared, “I’m a free spirit!” I kept it light, but a partofmewasthinking,Maybeyou’dbetterchangeyourplans.Go to these German gigs—you don’t owe the Stones anything. Still, I stood my ground because I knew that I couldn’t run Jimi’s life or changeit. Abruptly,heinquired,“How’sKeith?” “Wrecked,” I said. “He’s messing with heavy dope. It’s sad and worrying.Mickisveryconcerned.” Jimisighed.“Howaretheirshows?” “Great! Getting tighter every night. Despite everything, Keith getsthroughthegigs.” “Youwon’tstayonwiththem,willyou?”heasked.“Didn’tyou tellmeyouhadtogobacktoworksoon?” “I’llbebackintheL.A.officeonSeptembertwenty-first.Iwant mypaycheck!” Helaughed.“Good!You deservebetterthantheroad.Don’tget tooinvolvedwiththoseStones.I’llcomeandseeyouinLosAngeles, okay?We’llgotothemovies!” We just stood there. He kissed me. “A free spirit . . .” he said. “Shucks!” Breezily,Itoldhim,“SeeyouwhenIseeyou.”ThenIhurriedover tothecheck-incounterfortheflighttoStockholm.
I
lovedlisteningtotheRollingStonestuneupinthedressingroom, lovedstandinginthewingsorsittingoutfrontattheshows.Their
high-energy music was the reward for urging a hotel restaurant to stay open after midnight so Keith could tuck into crêpes suzette, “properlyflamed,”andforsortingoutrequestsfromthelonglistof self-important reporters and photographers who “must have” time with“theboys.”Itwasdifficulttoleave,butreallifebeckoned.After averylatenight,IyawnedmywaytotheairportinHamburgandflew
200
Jimi Hendrix toParisforafour-hourwhirlseeingart,friends,andshops.Thetraffic was treacherous on the way back to Orly Airport. I flew over to London;ithadbeenabusyday,andIhadfourmoreofthemplanned beforeIjettedhometoLosAngeles. ItwasimpossiblenottobeinhighspiritsinLondononthisTuesdaysummernight.Idroppedmyluggageatafriend’shome,andwe journeyedbackdownHighgateHilltoRonnieScott’s,therenowned jazzclubonFrithStreetintheheartofSoho.Ithadbeensometime sinceEricBurdon,formerleadsingerfortheAnimalsandthesedaysa residentofLosAngeles,hadperformed inLondon,and herehe was with his hot new band, War, ready to show his old mates his “new thing.”Thefirstsetwasloudandexciting.AftertheshowEricintroducedmetohisparents;they’dcomeallthewaydownonthetrain fromupnorthinNewcastle-on-Tyne. The Burdons were an unpretentious, exceedingly kind and down-to-earth couple who adored the rambunctious young man theyconstantlyreferredtoas“ourEric.”Itwasdifficulttoheartheir soft, thick Geordie accents in the crowded, noisy bar area of the smallclub.Alovelycamaraderiefloatedintheair,andsinceI’dseen EricandWarnumeroustimesinLosAngeles,Iwasconvincedthatall ofLondonwouldbeimpressedbytheirmusicandthatEric,withhis powerfulvoiceandstagepresence,wouldbebackontoponcemore. Thelarge turnout proved how ready the music industry was to root forEric,andIassuredMr.andMrs.Burdonthatthiswouldbeamemorableweekfor“ourEric.” Asuddenelatedbuzzwhippedthroughtheclubthat“Hendrixis here!”Iknewthiscouldn’tbetrue,sinceJimi’sbandwasstillontour. Everyone at our table turned around to see, and there, a few feet away,justinsidethedoor,wasthebackofatallfigurewearingadistinctivecapeoverhisshoulders.Aheavilybutperfectlymadeup,expensively dressed, foreign-looking woman was at his side, her face glowingwithprideassheclutchedathisarm.Jimimovedslowly,asif inadaze.Irosetospeaktohim,andittookhimalongmomenttore-
201
SHARON LAWRENCE alizewhoIwas.Iactuallyhadtoexplain—“Jimi,it’sSharon.”Hisface wasashen,andhisbrowneyesappearedexhaustedandevenfrightened. Never had I seen him like this. “Sharon . . .” he said. “Oh, Sharon.”Hegazedatme,andhemuttered,“I’malmostgone.” Thiswasbeyondbeingmerelyhighoroutofit.Somethingvery serious was going on inside Jimi. Something terrible. I didn’t know whattosayorwhattodo.Thewomanpulledonhisarm,andImoved away. Returning to my table in the bar, I grabbed my handbag and quicklysaidmygood-byes.Iwouldn’tbestayingforEric’ssecondset. I couldn’t enjoy anything just now. I needed air. I needed to walk. I wantedtobealone.Onthewayoutoftheclub,Iranintoareporter friendwhoworkedforNewMusicalExpress.Hendrixhadcanceledthe restofhisEuropeantour,hetoldme,because“therewereproblems withBillyCox,anditfreakedJimiout.Jimibroughthimbackhereto seeadoctor,andnowBilly’sflownhome.”FrommytalkwithBillyin Copenhagen,Ifeltthatitallboileddowntothefactthathewasasensitivepersonwho’dhadenoughoftheconstantcircusaroundhim. I was amazed to receive a telephone call from Hendrix late the nextmorning,asIpreparedtoleaveforanappointment.Neitherof usbroughtupourencounteratRonnieScott’s.NotthatIdidn’twant to,butIcouldn’tgetawordinedgewise.Jimisoundedjitteryandangry.“Ican’tsleep.Ican’tfocustowriteanysongs.ThisChalpinthing ismakingmeawreck.Ihearthathe’scomingtoLondonanyday.” “You’vespokentohim?” “Hell no. I’m sick of talking. What good has it ever done with him?” Ed Chalpin was now suing Track Records and Polydor Records, who released Jimi’s music in the UK. High Court proceedings were scheduled in a matter of days. Jimi expected that he would have to testify,andhefearedthatthelegalitieswoulddragoutandlikelyget inthewayofallowinganynewmusictobereleaseduntilChalpinhad putallconcernedthroughthewringerandfoughtforeverypossible financial advantage—once again. Artists—great artists, in whatever 202
Jimi Hendrix genre—needandfeedonacreativeclimate.Formeitalwaysseemed to come back to Mike Jeffery’s lack of genuine, day-to-day respect forhisartist.Weren’tmanagers supposedtonurtureandprotecttheir clients?ButIdidnotwanttomentionJeffery’snametoJiminow. Hebroughtitupasifreadingmymind.“MichaelJefferytoldme fromthebeginninghe’dhandleit,buthe’ssellingmeout.Fiveyears later and that fucking Chalpin is still hounding me; I get sick every timeIhearhisname,”Jimisaid.“AndAlanDouglas’sflowninfrom NewYork;Idon’tneedhishustleatall.Devon’shere,too.Itold her nottocome.Everyonewantssomething,allofthemcluckin’overme andatme.Theythinktheyownme!”Iheardacrashingnoiseinthe background as Jimi flung furniture around. I had seldom heard him curse, but now he was letting the four-letter words fly. He seemed completelyundone.Onoverload. “Stopit!”Isaid,abruptlyremindedofthoseoldchildhoodwarnings he’d told me about: “Don’t make a fuss. . . . Don’t get in the way. . . . Nosassingfromyou.” “I’m so sorry,” he apologized. There was a long silence, and finallyhesaid,“Ijustneedtofindsomepeaceofmind.” “Ipraythatyou do,Jimi.”Fighting tears,Itold himIneededto getoffthephone. “Callmelater,”hesaid,“attheCumberland.Okay?” “Countonit,”Isaid. “It seems that all hell is breaking loose for Jimi,” Jack Meehan, myUPIcolleague,saidgravelyaswelunchedatWheeler’stwohours later.IrecountedmyeerieencounterwithJimiatRonnieScott’s,as wellashiswordsonthetelephone.Thenormallycool,calmjournalist looked disturbed as he lit a cigarette. He told me he felt that if therewaseveratimeforMichaelJefferytoactlikeaconcernedmanager,thiswasit.IknewthatHendrixhadspokentoJackonthephone severaltimessincethey’dmetinLosAngeleslastJune;they’dalsoexchanged letters. Jack had phoned Les Perrin at home earlier that morning.Lessaidhe’dbeentoldthatMikeJefferywastakingaholidayinMajorca.“IaskedLestotrytogetholdofHendrix’stourman203
SHARON LAWRENCE ager,”Jack said.“Somebodyneedsto keepa protective eyeonJimi. He’swalkingaroundinthemiddleofanervousbreakdown.” I wholeheartedly agreed. I had come to believe that, in part, HendrixsawhisfriendshipwithmeandlateralsowithJackasasafeguard;weweretworationalprofessionalswhoknewwhatwasgoing on.Heneeded otherstoknow,anditmeantagreatdealtohimthat Jack and I talked with him in terms of what his life could be as opposed to what it was. Pat Costello, Jimi’s friend and PR person, told me shortly before I left for England, “Jimi is being terribly manipulated,buthardlyanyonerealizes.” ThatnightmyChelseacroniestookmedowntoRonnieScott’s againtohearEricBurdon,whonowhappilyseemedtobehavepicked up the momentum he had long sought. Energetic music didn’t do muchformethisevening,though.Ifeltexhaustedandworried;once again I left the club early. Ironically, Jimi arrived there to jam with EricandWarshortlyaftermydeparture. The next day’s reports from “Hendrix insiders” were positive— “He was fine. . . . He played great.” Yet I still had the bad feeling I couldn’t seem to shake. Early that evening I telephoned Jimi at the Cumberland Hotel. The switchboard operator was a kind-voiced, trustworthy-sounding Englishwoman, who seemed to realize I was worried.“I’mconcernedabouthim,too,”shesaid.“Heissuchapolite person, and he sounded upset this afternoon. He asked me to place a call to New York but, when it came through, he didn’t answer.” “Couldyousendsomeonetocheckhissuite?Andcallmeback. Andpleasenottellanyone?”Icouldn’tkeepmyvoicefromquivering. “Ofcourse,Iwill.”Whenshetelephoned,shesoundedrelieved. “Everythinglookedfine.Hemusthavejustgoneout,dear.” Ireportedthisbacktothesmallcircleoffriendswhowereable toseebehindtherock-starimage,whocaredaboutJimiHendrixthe person.Thatnightweallsharedagreatuneasiness.Forthepastyear or more, we had anxiously watched Jimi stumble, pick himself up, stumbleagainindespairovertheobstaclesinhispath.Forushehad 204
Jimi Hendrix becomeakindofShakespeareanprotagonist,railingatandchallengingfate,whileagrowingbroodofgreedyvillainscircledlikevultures. Watchingtheclock,wecheckedinwitheachothereveryhour, nervously jumping as the phone rang. I tried the hotel again and waited for Jimi to make contact. Meet you at the Speakeasy! or I’m gonnajamagainwithEricatRonnieScott’s.Willyoucomedown? These werethewordsIneededtohear. Butnoneofusheardfromhim.AtthispointIheldtheheartfelt hopethatthisgrimforebodingwasonlyatrickoftheimagination. Thenextday,onthebright,blue,beautifulFridayafternoonof September18,IstrolledupBondStreet.Itwasjustafteroneo’clock. Theshopwindowsonthisfabledstreetwereburstingwithluxurious temptations. This day, however, it was the corner newsstand that caughtmyeye.Theafternoonpapershadjustarrived.Itookacasual glance at the front page. A photograph of Jimi Hendrix topped by a boldheadline:ROCK STAR DIES. I froze in place. The roller coaster had arrived at its inevitable destination.
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CHAPTER TWELVE
Inside the Danger Zone
I
was dazed, and my legs felt wobbly as I
wandered across Bond Street to the Westbury Hotel. I found a telephoneinthelobby,fumbledforacoin,anddialedUPI’sLondonbureauonFleetStreet.Ididn’trecognizethevoiceofthedeskassistant who answered, but from my shaky “Hello?” he knew immediately whowasontheotherendofthephone.HecalledoutforJackMeehan—“It’sSharon!” Jack’svoicewasquiet.“We’vebeentryingtolocateyouallover London.” “Isittrue?Ijustsawtheheadlineonanewspaper.Theycomeout sofasthere,don’tthey?” “Yes,it’strue.We’llsendataxiforyou.” “No,no.I’mfine.I’mjustfine.WhereisJiminow?” “AtSt.MaryAbbott’s.Don’tgothere.” “Ihaveto.MaybeIcandosomething.” LikeJimi,Ihatedhospitals.AsIrodealonginthetaxi,Iaskedthe driver to stop and buy me a box of matches. This elderly, whitehairedmanwaskind,sensingIhadaproblem.Whenhereturned,he
SHARON LAWRENCE litmycigarette,andwhenthetaxipulledupinfrontofthehospital, hesaidhewouldwaitforme. “No,no,I’mfine,”Iassuredhim.
T
he venerable St. Mary Abbott’s Hospital, a sturdy nineteenthcentury building in the Paddington area of London, was busy
with births, surgeries, and deaths this afternoon, according to the nursewhosewordsIoverheardasIwalkedquicklytothedeskinthe entryhall.“I’mafriendofJimiHendrix.Iwantedtoask—” Iheardawomanspeaktome,comprehendingonlysomeofher words,especiallythepartwhereshesaid,“Hewasdeadwhenhearrived.” The shock came in waves now; I didn’t know what else I shouldbesayingorasking.Inthespaciousreceptionarea,Inoticed two other staff members; they were coolly efficient, having already fielded many inquiries about Jimi in the past hour since news of his death was announced on television and radio. Now this tall, blond Americaninherbrightredcoatandwould-be“dollybird”minidress justdidn’tseemtogetit.“He’snothereanymore,”thetired-looking receptionistrepeated.“He’sgone.Hereallyisdead.” Fightingagainsttheshock,Islowlymademywaytoatelephone booth across the room. I wasn’t quite sure who I wanted to call or whattosay.EventuallyitcametomethatIshouldgetintouchwith EricBurdonathishotel.Didheknow?Itwouldbeexcruciatingtotell him. Eric loved Jimi very much and understood him better than most. There in my ear was that husky voice. “God, yes, I know. I’ve hardlyslept.Girl,you’dbettercomehere.Youshouldn’tbealone.” “Idon’tknowwhattodo.It’sterrible,isn’tit,Eric?” “Terrible,” he agreed. His voice shook with emotion. “It didn’t havetobethisway.Thatchick . . . Monika . . . rangmeinthemiddleofthenight,scaredbecausehedidn’tlookright.Itoldhertocall theambulanceimmediately.Butshedidn’tdoit.”Eric’svoicecontin208
Jimi Hendrix ued to tremble. “She rang up again later. . . . She still hadn’t done anything for him. . . . She said she’d gone out for a packet of cigarettes.Iscreamedather,‘Calltheambulancenow!’ ”Hewasalmost chokingashetriedtoholdbackhistears.“Itwastoolate.” “She went out for a packet of cigarettes,” he said again. “She waitedtoolong. . . . Oh,God . . . oh,God!” Ericbegantosob.OurbeautifulJimi . . . gone. Sunlightrippledthroughthehospitalwindows,shiningthrough the glass in the telephone booth and creating a glowing aura that seemedincongruousonthisnowunexpectedlyuglyafternoon. Rushing outside, breathing in huge gulps of air, I felt that I absolutelycouldnotallowmyselftodissolveinemotion.Imust pullmyselftogether.Onethoughtkeptpoundinginmybrain:Wehave tofind outexactlywhathappenedtoJimiinthehoursbeforehedrewhislast breath.Wemust knowthetruth.
L
ondon was quiet this Saturday noon. Jimi had been dead for twenty-four hours. The taxi moved easily down the hill from
Highgate to the center of the West End; many shop windows along the way displayedlarge photos ofJimiHendrix in tribute to a gifted humanbeingtheentirecityandcountryhadcometoloveandnow tomourn.Awonderfulhonor;hewouldhavebeenpleasedtoknow this. Jimi had often talked about wanting to feel that his music got through to the “real people.” These photographs today were one moreindicationhe’daccomplishedthat. AheadlayamissionIdreaded.Iwasabouttodiscoverwhathad happenedinJimi’slasthours.Anaccident?Anoverdose?Foulplay? EricBurdonhadarrangedformetomeetMonikaDannemannatthe modestoldhotel where heand Warwerein residence.Inthisblack London taxi, I steeled myself for anything I might learn from the womanwhohadwatchedJimiHendrixdie.Ithoughtaboutthetelephone call I’d received at myfriends’ home justbefore thetaxi had 209
SHARON LAWRENCE arrived. An associate of someone who’d been present thought I wouldliketoknowthatJimihadjoinedasmallgatheringofmenand womenataprivatehomeinLondonwellaftermidnightseveralhours beforehediedandthatDannemannhadpickedhimupinhercarat about 3:00 A.M. I remembered Jimi’s angry comments earlier in the week about the so-called friends, both American and English, who were pursuing him in London. These hangers-on liked to feel they werealwaysinthelooponallthingsHendrix;whetherhelikeditor not,theirlivesrevolvedaroundhim. Eric’smusiciansfilledthehotellobby,surroundedbyphotographersandamotleyassortmentofpress.Iheardashrill, demanding questionfromareporter:“TelluseverywordyourememberHendrix sayingatRonnieScott’sclub!”IknewthemembersofWarfromLos Angeles, where I’d seen them in the recording studio and onstage with Eric. Mostly young and unsophisticated, they were unused to playingabroad,muchlessbeingcaughtupinthespotlightattached tothedeathofacelebritytheybarelyknew.Theguyswerevibrating with excitement and in some cases tripping on LSD, which Eric’s creepyHollywoodco-manager,SteveGold,washandingoutwithsly, gleefulabandon.AcoupleofthemembersofEric’sbandgreetedme alittletoowarmly,seeminglyinterestedinprovidingmewith“comfort” I wasn’t interested in receiving. Stupid jerks, I thought, as I pulledaway.Don’ttheyknowdeathisfinal?It’snotjustanothergig. Ihurriedtotheelevator. Eric’stinyroomresembledacellwithasinglebed.Itfeltdimand dull,withthebeat-upoldwindowshadeshalfdrawn.AsmuchasIreallydidn’twanttofaceher,IhadbeeninsistentwithEricthatImust see Monika Dannemann. Within fifteen minutes a waxen blonde, dressedinblackfromheadtotoe,knockedathisdoor,accompanied by Eric’s girlfriend. I recognized the blonde as Jimi’s companion at RonnieScott’sthatpastTuesdaynight. It turned out that she wanted to meet me, too. “I’ve heard all about you,” she said in her German-accented English, ready to kiss bothmycheeksEuropean-styleasIpulledback. 210
Jimi Hendrix Herremarkstartledme.“Oh . . .”Isaiddoubtfully. “You’re the writer, and you live in Los Angeles. I want to be friendswithyouandvisityouinCalifornia.” Herwordsmademewanttoscream . . . curse . . . run!Friends? Jimi mysteriously dies in her flat, and the woman thinks of this as a basisforfriendship?Icontrolledmyanger,awarethatImustkeepmy cooltofindoutanythingIcould.Ericlefttheroom.Isatontheedge ofthebed,andshesatthere,too,offeringanothersmile. Her demeanor puzzled me. No tears, no sense of grief. That morning I’d seen photos of a wan-looking Monika leaving her flat, gentlysupportedbyoneofJimi’sroadies,plasteredacrossthefront pages of the London newspapers. But now she seemed almost upbeat.Inthebackofmymind,itregisteredthatthiswassomeonewho cravedattention. “Tell me what happened Thursday night.” I made an effort to soundcalm,butinsideIfeltawful;thiswasso weird. “Wewereveryhappyinourflat,”shesaid.“Wehadsuchapleasant dinner. I cooked. We drank wine. Not a lot. He sat at the table writingandwriting.FinallyIwenttobed.”Thisintimatelittleevening home alone didn’t quite ring true; she hadn’t mentioned that Jimi hadgoneoutlater.SinceJiminolongerdrankmuchwine,Idecided tofollowuponthis. “WhatkindofwinedidyouserveJimi?” Monika hesitated, and her eyes changed. “I don’t remember,” shesaid. “Exactlywheredidhedie?”Iasked. “Inmybasementflat.” “HaveyoulivedinLondonlong?”Iwascuriousaboutthis. “No.Jimi wanted me to be here,so I rentedour flat a few days agoattheSamarkandHotel.” “I’mafraidI’veneverheardofthishotel.It’snotwhereJimiwas staying.” “Hewantedtobewithme.SoIrenteditespeciallyforus.It’sin NottingHill.” 211
SHARON LAWRENCE Itsoundeddubioustome.He’dmadeapointofaskingmetocall himattheCumberlandHotel.“Whathappenedtohim,Monika?” “I don’t know,” she whispered, looking straight into my eyes, and it seemed to me that this was one of the truer statements I’d heardfromhersofar.“Ifoundhiminthemorning.” “Found him . . .” I repeated. “Did you talk to him? Was he conscious?” Shehesitated. “Well . . . ?”Isaid. “Sickwascomingoutofhismouth,”shesaid,“andhewaslaying init.” Iclosedmyeyesforafewsecondstotrytoblotoutthisimage. “Couldhetalk?Didyoutalktohim?” “Hecouldn’ttalk,”shesaid. “Buthewasbreathing?”Iasked. Shedidn’tanswerthis.Shebecameflusteredandupset,saying, “Iwasfrightenedaboutwhatthepresswouldsay.” Thiswasanunexpectedremark.“Thepress?”Irepeated.“How wouldtheyknow?Youweretherealonewithhim.” I closed my eyes again. I found it tragic to know that Jimi had beenuncaredforinhislastchokingbreathsonearth,whilethisselfabsorbed person debated about what the press might say and how shewouldbeportrayed. “IknewJimiwouldn’twantthemtoknow.Ididn’tknowwhatto do.SoItelephonedEricBurdon.”IalreadyknewfromEricthatshe’d contacted him twice, that hours had gone by before Monika finally calledforanambulance. WhenIattemptedtopindownatimeframe,Dannemannturned nervous and evasive. She threw herself into a speed rap about how shewouldpaintadozenlife-sizepictures“formyJimi.” “What didhetake?”Iaskedher. Monikareactedwithsurprisetomyquestion.Hermindseemed nowtobecompletelyfocusedonherself,onheranticipatedcareeras
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Jimi Hendrix an artist. She talked on and on about what Jimi had said about her work.“Iwillpainteverythingforhimandexhibitmyworkforhimall over the world.” She was becoming excited—as if she were thinking,Bye-bye,Jimi;hello,Monika,thegreatartiste!”ShespokeofJimi asifheweren’tarealperson.Underneaththatmaskofmakeup,she was scary. Ifearedthatinhidingoutfromhis so-called friends, Jimi hadfoundhimselfintheclutchesofsomeoneultimatelymoredangerous. I couldn’t fathom her self-centered crap in this totally surreal encounter,andIkepthopingEricwouldreturntotheroom;Ididn’t likebeingalonewithher.Whocaredaboutthedamnpaintings?Jimi wasdead,andIwantedtoknowhowandwhy.Didn’tshefeelsome responsibility, or at least some interest, for why he went from very aliveto dead in four or fivehours? Whatthehellhad he taken? Did shepoisonhim? Ittooksteadyprobingtogetthebasicfacts,toforce hertopiece it all together. “I have been a skating champion in Germany,” she said.“Ihadanaccident,thenanoperation,withmuchpain.” “What didhetake?”Iaskedagain. “Myprescriptionpillswereintheflat.” “Whatkindofpills?” “TheyarecalledVesperax.” “DidyougivethemtoJimi?Discussthemwithhim?” “No.Hemusthavefoundtheminthebathroomcupboard.” IknewIwasgettingmostofthetruthbutnotquiteall.However, IdidbelievethatHendrixhadfoundtheVesperaxforhimself. “Howmanydidhetake?” “Idon’tknow.”Monikabegantocry. “Pullyourselftogether,”IsaidasquietlyasIcouldmanage,becauseIwantedtostartscreaming.“Thisisserious.Howmanypillsdid hetake?” “They came in a packet of ten. I had four packets. I had not neededtoopenthem.”
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SHARON LAWRENCE “Howmanyareleftnow?” Miserablysheadmittedthatthreepacketsremainedintactand thatshe’dfoundanopenpacketonthefloor. “Andhowmanywereleft?”Irepeated. “One . . . justone.” Shestoppedanothertrickleoftearstoadd,inapracticaltone, “They’reverystrong.Mydoctortoldmenevertotakemorethanhalf ofone.” Ninepills.Nine—Jimi’snumber,thenumberhe’dsaidwas“very good or very bad.” So he had deliberately taken nine. “Nine,” I said aloud,soonwishingIhadn’t.Fromherinitialblankexpression,itwas obviousthatthishadnosignificancetoDannemann.Still,theremust havebeensomethinginmyvoiceoronmyfacethatpropelledherto suddenlybecomeamazinglyalert. “Thismeanssomethingtoyou?”shesaid,gettingexcited. “ItwasJimi’snumber,”Isaidshortly.Sheseizedonthisandkept atmeuntilIbrieflyexplained.Isensedthatshewastoo eagertoabsorb anything I might tell her about Hendrix; this bothered me. I wantedanswers. “Now,let’sgetbacktothepills,”Isaid.“Haveyougiventhepoliceallthedetailsyou’vetoldme?” Sheshookherhead. “You must tell them every single thing,” I said. “If you don’t, I will.” “IfyouthinkIshould . . .”Dannemannsoundedhesitant. “YousaidJimihadbeenwritingatthetable.Whatdidhewrite? Whereisit?” Monikarosefromthe bed.Now therewasasmile.“Iwillshow you.”Shelefttheroombrieflyandreturnedclutchingthreepiecesof paper,obviouslyfromawritingpad,approximatelylettersize. “Youare myfriend,” she said,handingme the pagesas though presenting me with a great treasure. “This was the final thing Jimi wrote,”shesaidproudly.“Ifounditonthediningroomtable.” Ireadalong,slightlyweirdbutcoherentpoeminhisfluid,artis214
Jimi Hendrix tichandwriting.Itbeganwith“ThestoryofJesussoeasytoexplain . . .” andended“Thestoryoflifeisquickerthanthewinkofaneye.Thestory ofloveishelloandgood-byeuntilwemeetagain.” It was wrenching to see that familiar, graceful handwriting for thelasttime. IhadalreadyheardofthisfromasoberEricBurdon.Hetoldme, “Jimileftalongpoem.WhenIwenttotheSamarkandthemorninghe died,Ifoundthreepagesbythebed,andIcalledthemtoMonika’sattention.” So much for her dining-room-table discovery. In the last yearofhislife,Jimihadmadeapointofplacingcompletedworkina burgundy leather portfolio for safekeeping, “so it won’t get ripped off,”he’dsaid.Hemusthavewantedtheseparticularpagestobeseen. These pages were not song lyrics. There was nothing that Hendrix wouldhaveputonarecord.Theywerethewords—themusings—ofa tiredandtroubledman. So this was Jimi’s state of mind at the end in the gloomy early hoursofSeptember18,1970. Forme, therecould beno doubtofJimi’s intention, thechoice he’dmade.Ithoughtbacktoseveralconversationsabout“numberninedays”inthepastyear.Itwasabsolutelymeaningfultohim.Iwas certain that he had deliberately confronted fate, made a conscious decision. If the Vesperax pills—nine of them—didn’t do it, then he wasn’tmeanttodie. FinallyJimiHendrixhadfoundpeaceofmind.
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CODA WhateverMozartandTchaikovskyhavecome tomeantoloversofclassicalmusic, Hendrixmeantthesameifnotmore toawholegeneration. —T O N Y P A L M E R , T H E O B S E R V E R , S E P T E M B E R 20,1970
I
n New York, Bob Dylan burst into tears
whenhewastoldthatHendrixwasdead.AnanguishedEricClapton criedout,“No!NotJimi.Iwishitcouldhavebeenme. Nothim.”The LondondailynewspapersranMickJagger’sreactionasafront-page headline:I AM SHATTERED! Chas Chandler had traveled up north to Newcastle the day of Jimi’sdeath;hisfathermethimatthetrainstationtobreakthenews. Chas, like Mitch and Noel, suffered immense shock and pain. Dick Katz,Jimi’sLondonagent,whosodeeplybelievedthatHendrix’stalentputhiminthecategoryofgenius,saidtome,“Thisisthegreatest tragedyIcanthinkof.” ForJimi’sadmirersnewsofhisdeathwasalandmarkmomentof grief and shock. Hendrix? No, the news reports couldn’t be true; theremustbeamistake.Itwasasifthesunhadbeenrippedfromthe sky.Impossible. Forweepingyoungpeoplearoundtheworld,theloss
SHARON LAWRENCE oftwenty-seven-year-oldJimiHendrixonSeptember18,1970,representedacruel,crushingendofinnocence.
I
t was just after four in the afternoon when I arrived at LAX from London;mymotherwaswaiting thereto takemetoher house to
recoverfrommy“vacation”beforeIresumedmyjobatUPIthenext morning.WhenIcheckedinwithmyansweringservice,adelugeof messagesgreetedme—expressionsofsorrowandsympathy,endless questions.“Whatreallyhappened?”“Callmeassoonasyougetthis!” voices urged. I was aghast when I heard a message about drummer Buddy Miles leading a movement to put Jimi’s body on display at MadisonSquareGarden,withanadmissionfeetogotocharity. I debated calling Jimi’s father in Seattle. I didn’t know him. He
didn’tknowme.Jimi,strangely,hadgivenmethephonenumberlast yearwhenhewasenroutetoSeattletoplayaconcert.Ihadscribbled itdownatthetime,neverimaginingIwouldneedorwanttouseit. A woman answered; I assumed it was Al Hendrix’s wife, June. QuietlyItoldherthatIwasafriendofJimi’s,thatmynamewaspossiblyfamiliartoMr.Hendrix,andthatIneededtospeaktohim.Iwas surprisedtogetthroughtothisman.Iknewthattheworldpressmust beattemptingtoreachhimatallhoursofthedayandnight.Andnow hewasonthephone,mumbling,“Hello . . . hello.” “Mr.Hendrix,” I said, “I’vejustcomebackfromLondon,andI’m hearing some terrible ideas about what may happen to Jimi’s body. Pleasedon’tletitbeacircus.HewashappyinEngland.Ihopehecan justbeburiedquicklyandquietlythere.”Ifeltshakyandpresumptuous. Jimi’sfathergrunted.Wasthisyesorno? Suddenlyhisvoicetookonclarityandstrength.Hesoundedalmost perky as he asked, “Would you be knowing how much money thereis?” Perhaps Jimi would not have been surprised by his father’s
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Jimi Hendrix words,buttheysentmeintoatailspin.Istoodthereinmymother’s kitchen, clutching the phone, unable to speak. While Al Hendrix waitedforananswer,Ihadnothingtosay.Finally,delicately,Ihung upthephone.
O
nMondayIspokewithasad,somberHenrySteingarten.Hewas one of the few with whom I ever discussed Monika Danne-
mann’s actions during Jimi’s last hours. Steingarten and I talked at lengthaboutmyassessmentofwhathadhappenedinDannemann’s basement flat that night. The lawyer had been in communication with Jimi on numerous occasions in the days and weeks before his death;hewasprivytomanyofJimi’sconcernsandthoughts,aswell as aware of his despairing moods. Steingarten agreed with me that Jimihadmadehisowndecisionwithregardtotheninetablets.“He tookhisownlife,”Isaid.“I’mconvincedofthat.” “Yes,”hesaid.Iheard,andfelt, growingsadnessandemotionin hisvoice.Hiswordsechoedinmyearsfordays—“Thatboydeserved somuchmorefromlife.” Billy Cox, still in the middle of his own breakdown, was fragile whenIcalledhim.“IfeelterribleguiltaboutwhathappenedtoJimi,” hesaidinbrokentones.“Maybehavingmeinthebandaddedtohis problems.” “This wasn’t yourfault, Billy,” I said.“It had beencoming fora longtime.” “He really talked to you, didn’t he? Jimi told you things,” Billy
said. “I didn’t understand that when I first met you.” He wanted to hearanywordImightsayabouthisfriend.IfeltcompassionandconcernforBilly;hehadlookeduptoHendrixsincethedaythey’dmetat Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Billy knew firsthand the former “Jimmy” andcomprehendedhisfriend’sstruggleashemarveledathismagic. Billy’ssenseoflosswashuge.
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SHARON LAWRENCE “Nothing ever will be the same,” Billy Cox said sadly as we grieved together over the phone lines. “You respected him, didn’t you?”heasked. “Istilldo.”
T
he American weekly record trade magazines Billboard and Cash
Box traditionally were jam-packed with colorful full-page ads
heraldingthelatesthotsingle,thenewbig-dealalbum.Soafewdays afterthedeathofJimiHendrix,readersimmediatelynoticedtwounusualpagesinthetrades. Onefullwhitepage,borderedinblack,boreafewlinesofcopy:
TO A BLACK GYPSY CAT WHO ROCKED THE WORLD WHEN IT NEEDED TO BE ROCKED
SLEEP WELL.
ItwassignedbytheMontereyInternationalPopFestival. Theotherpagesaidsimply:
G OOD N IGHT S WEET B L ACK P RINCE At the September 28 inquest in Westminster, a noted forensic expert, Professor Donald Teare, offered the results of the autopsy he’dconductedaweekearlier.ThecauseofJimi’sdeathwasgivenas “inhalation of vomit due to barbiturate intoxication.” A minor amountofamphetamineandcannabisweretheonlyotherdrugsubstancesfoundinHendrix’sbody. CoronerGavinThurstonhadnoreasontobelieve,hesaid,that Hendrixhaddeliberatelykilledhimselforwasavictimoffoulplay.He had listened attentively to the words of Gerry Stickells, Jimi’s tour
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Jimi Hendrix managerandacloseassociateofMichaelJeffery,whotestifiedatthe inquest,“Hewasahappyman.” Thurstonreturnedanopenverdict,meaningtherewas“insufficientevidence”tobemorespecificastowhythedeathoccurred. JackMeehan spokewith Dr. Thurstonthe nextday for close to anhour,aftergoingtogreatlengthstoquizotherprofessionalsabout the credentials of the coroner. He told me that the coroner was “straightforward and well respected.” Meehan said, “Dr. Thurston wentintodetailabouttheconditionofJimi’sbodyandthecontents ofhisstomach.Hedidnotfindneedlemarksorindicationsoflongterm use of hard drugs. He told me a fair amount of red wine had been ‘imbibed.’ I found that strange, since I remembered from our time in Los Angeles Jimi mentioning that he didn’t care much for wineanymore.Especiallyredwine.” AreporterforVariety toldmehebelievedthatWarnerBros.and Michael Jeffery held life insurance policies on Hendrix. “This is not particularlyunusual,”hesaid,“whenitcomestohigh-earning‘properties’ in the entertainment business. So they lucked out; a suicide verdict would most likely have invalidated the policies. No one at Warnerwantstocommentonit.” ThefuneralforJamesMarshallHendrix,bornJohnnyAllenHendrix, took place on the chilly afternoon of October 1, 1970, at the DunlopBaptistChurchonRainierAvenueSouthinthe“oldneighborhood.”AlHendrixmadethedecisionthatthecasketshouldbeopen, inanefforttoshowSeattleandtheworldthattherockstarseemingly haddiedofan“accidentaloverdose”anddidnotresemblearavaged drugaddict.Jimi,thepersonhisfriendsandhisfansthoughtofasthe mostalivehumanbeingintheworld,laythereverystillandondisplay.Howhewouldhavehated tobeviewedbyanyoneinthisstate. Although one of Mike Jeffery’s staff had telephoned me about attending the funeral, rather jauntily collecting RSVPs, there was neverathoughtinmymindaboutbeingpresent.Ihadalreadypaid myrespectstoJimiwhenhewasalive.
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SHARON LAWRENCE ItwasaterribleoccasionforNoelandMitch.Theywereyoung andbrokenhearted,clutchingeachother’shand.Theiruniquebond withJimi,theirloveandadmirationforhim,wouldlastforever.“Ican alwayscountonMitch,”Jimihadoftensaid,andnowhereMitchwas whiletherealJimihadflownaway.
W
hatashame,”MoOstin,thepresidentofReprise,Jimi’sAmericanrecordcompany,saidtomeinOctoberduringatalkinhis
Burbank office. “He was just getting started. Hendrix will sell a few morealbums,butessentiallyit’sallover.”Ostinwasabusinessman,a realist,andIhadnoreasontodoubthisassessment. In London, Chris Stamp and Kit Lambert at Track Records, the label that had launched the Jimi Hendrix Experience, issued a very special maxi-single for Jimi’s grief-stricken fans. The disk featured three of Jimi’s finest performances—“All Along the Watchtower,” “VoodooChile,”and“HeyJoe”—inasimpleblack-and-whitesleeve. Thecosttothefanswasameresixshillings. That October I traveled to New York to write a story about a movieshootingonlocationintheBowery,thenanuglyandfrighteningareaofthecity.AfterIfinishedmyinterview,summoningup mycourage,Itookataxitothetree-linedhistoricstreetinGreenwich Village whereJimi had lived on andofffor thelastyearofhis life.TearsgleamedintheeyesofPhil,thedeferential,middle-aged doorman,whenhesawme.I’dmethimjustoncebefore,butheremembered. “Mr. Hendrix was always so happy when you sent him thosepackagesofrecords,”hesaid.Thetearsnowrolleddownhis face, but he was not embarrassed. “He was so good, and so many bad people came here,” Phil declared. “As soon as those people from the office heard about his death, they came and took almost everything.Youknow,that office . . .”Hewasreferringtomembers ofJeffery’sstaff.“Rummagingthroughhisthings.Terriblehowpeoplecanbe.” 222
Jimi Hendrix HeaskedmeifIwouldliketovisitJimi’sapartmentonelasttime. Iwasn’tsureIcouldbearit.“Wewillbothgo,”hesaid,escortingme totheelevator. Nowitwasbarrenoftheexpensivestereoequipment,thecolorful rugs, shawls, and Moroccan pillows. The array of electric and acousticguitarshadvanished,alongwithdozensofreelsoftapesof hissongideasandjams.Sunpouredintotheemptyspace.Iwalked quickly through the simple, compact two-bedroom apartment and gazed out the windows at the quiet street. As I turned, something shinycaughtmyeyejustinsidetheentrancetothesmallkitchen.In thelastmonthsofhislife,onedreamdid cometrue:JimiHendrixhad finallygottenthatrefrigerator. WalkingdownSixthAvenue,Ihadonemorestoptomakeinordertoputitallbehindme.Isteppedaroundthetrashonthesidewalk ofWestEighthStreet,pausinginfrontofasleek,newlybrickedbuilding.Atthesideofthestepsleadingtoasturdydoor,aclosed-circuit TVmonitorguardedthepremises.Iidentifiedmyselfintoaspeakerphoneandlookeduptoseethedooropening.InthesemomentsIfelt thattoclimbthesestairs,topassthroughthatdoor,waslikeentering thegatesofhell. I stepped inside Electric Lady Studios and walked down a long, elaborate,muraledhallway.Ihadnoideaexactlywhowasworkingat the studio and how I would be greeted, but someone obviously had recognizedmynameonthespeakerphone.SuddenlythelastpersonI wouldhaveexpectedtoseeappeared—MichaelJeffery. He was pasty-faced, nervous, and subdued until, horrifyingly, I felthimembracingmeclosely.Jefferybecameemotional.Istepped back.“Why didhedoit?”Mikeasked. For once he sounded sincerely concerned about his late client. Hetriedtopullhimselftogetherandmutteredawayatme,notbotheringtopretendthatJimi’sdeathhadbeentheresultofanaccidental overdose. It was a tacit acknowledgment of his suicide. I remained silent.FinallyJefferyrosefullytotheoccasion,returningbacktohis oldself.“Jimihadsomuchtolivefor,”hesaid. 223
SHARON LAWRENCE
I
nFebruary1971,thesexy,treacherous,confusedDevonWilson, nowdeeperthaneverintoharddrugs,plungedtoherdeathfrom
a high floor of the Chelsea Hotel, located along a bleak stretch of WestTwenty-thirdStreetinNewYorkCity.Theoldredbrickhotel, with some four hundred rooms, has long been known for its bohemianatmosphereandartyclientele.DevastatedbyJimi’sdeath, Devonfeltunshakableguiltaboutvariouswaysshe’dlethimdown, acknowledgingtomeinanunexpectedtelephonecallinNovember 1970thatshehad hurtHendrix and takenadvantage of him many times. “Everyoneknowsthehotelhaditsshareofdruggies,”aNewYork policeman said days after Devon’s body had been taken to the morgue. “But this was a mysterious death. We could not pin down whetherDevonWilsonhadjumpedorifshehadbeenpushed.”
W
ellafterHendrix’sdeath,postersandblack-and-whitephotographs of Jimi dotted towns andvillagesthroughoutBritain. I
observed them in a variety of shop windows, in a tannery, infactories.Theseimagesstoodassymbolsofcontinuedmourning,of“raising the freak flag high,” of love and affection—poignant reminders that“ourJimi”wasanhonorarysonofEnglandwhere,ashe’doften said,“somanygoodthingshappenedforme.” In the late summer of 1971, I took a London train to the leafy pastoralareaofSurrey,whereEricClaptonlivedinabeautifullydesignedanddecoratedhome,itsgracefulwindowslookingoutonverdantviewsofhandsomeoldtreesandflowergardens.Hendrixwould have admired this “dream house” and certainly would have been close to dumbstruck at Eric’s collection of sleek Italian sports cars parkedinthedriveway. Clapton’sgirlfriend,AliceOrmsby-Gore,slim,withlong,wavy 224
Jimi Hendrix reddish brown hair and a pointed chin, greeted me warmly and, withgreatsensitivity,leftEricandmealonetoreminisceaboutJimi. Clapton looked as handsome as ever, if one discounted his pale countenanceandtroubledeyes.Hesaidsoftly,thinkingovereach word, “I can’t believe that he’s gone. When I heard the news, I beggedGodthat it notbe true. I wished that Icouldhavediedinsteadofhim.Iwasheartbroken.Completelyheartbroken.”Hisgaze wassofullofsadnessthatIcouldn’tspeak.Griefwaspalpableinthe room. Ericsatontheedgeofthesofainthelounge,rememberingthe firsttimeshe’dseenJimiandhowhehadn’tknownwhattothinkof him as aperson atfirst. “Hisplayingwas soamazingthat itscared me. I suppose there was some jealousy mixed up in it. We all felt threatenedbyhim,andwewereinbloodyawe!Icametoknowhim as clever and amusing, sweet and interesting, and above all totally caughtupinplayingmusic.IlovedJimi.IrespectedJimi.Itwasalways a thrill for me to hear him play. One could imagine knowing himforyearsandyearsandneverbeingbored.Musicallyorpersonally.” Eric was expressing his very soul, and I found this deeply admirable. Asduskfell,Iwantedtotelephoneforataxitotakemetothe trainbacktoLondon,anhouraway.Alicewouldn’thearofit,insistingthatshewoulddrivemethroughthetwistingroadsdeepinthe countrysideandbackthroughthetrafficleadingintothecity.She grabbedakeyringfromthekitchencounterandescortedmetothe drive, where she helped me into a low-slung mauve Maserati. We roaredoffintothedarknessinrock-starluxuryandspeed,pouring out our thoughts to each other—about music and men, love and fear. Alicewasnomorethantwenty,butsheseemedwisebeyondher years, and she was brimming over with love and concern for Eric, filled with compassion for his loss, everyone’s loss. “One of my best memoriesofJimi,”shesaidsuddenly,turningbrieflyfromthewheel to smileat me, as though she were presenting a treasure, “was one 225
SHARON LAWRENCE December when we had the idea that he should dress up as Father Christmas, white beard and all, for a charity event for children. He immediately agreed, and he was brilliant! Jimi was so sweet to the children,as intrigued by them as they were byhim. I’ll neverforget thatday . . . neverforgethim. Jimiwasaverylovelyperson.”
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PART THREE Somedayyou’llaccountforallthedeedsthatyoudone, Well,thereain’tnomanrighteous,nonotone. —BOB DYLAN
The Reinvention of Jimi Hendrix
Introduction
A
lways, Jimi Hendrix’s priority had been
hismusic.Nowhewasadeadrockstar,andhissadDecember1969 prophecy—“Ifanythinghappenstome,thelawyerswillbefightingit outforthenexttwentyyears”—wastotakeonanincreasingpowerfulandhorrifyingrelevance. Today,thirty-fiveyearslater,JimiHendrix’ssongsarestillbeing playedontheradioandeagercustomerscontinuetobuytherecords, nowknownascompactdiscs,fromthatfleetingandmagicaltimeof Jimi’salmostfouryearsofstardom.WhiletodayJimiholdsthetitleof “greatest guitar player in rock,” he also stands as the greatest creativefigureincontemporarymusictobeusedasabattlegroundfor greed—yes, the lawyers are still “fighting it out.” His prediction turnedouttobeconservative. ThisishowtheaftermathofHendrix’sdeathhasunfolded. . . .
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
1971–1989: The New Regime
I
n telephone conversations Henry Stein-
gartenfoundAlHendrixtobequiteunlikehissonJimi,andAlwasn’t interested in hearing what Steingarten could tell him about Jimi’s thoughts and decisions on a number of pressing issues. In the early seventies,neighborsonSewardParkwaySouthinSeattlevolunteered informationtomeregardingAlandJuneHendrix’sveryfirsttriptogether to New York City after Jimi’s death. Each of them had donned—of all things—a cowboy hat. The couple was in a state of highexcitement,clutchingtheirfreeairticketsanddeclaring,“We’re gonnacomebackrich!” However,“rich”didn’thappenfastenoughforAl.Hedidn’tlike mostofwhatSteingartenhadtotellhim,didn’twanttohearabout theclaimsagainstJimi’sestate,didn’twanttohearthattherewasno will. Al Hendrix absolutely didn’t want to hear about debts. He was not interested in whether Noel and Mitch were owed royalties for theirmusicalperformanceswithJimi.Nordidhewanttohearabout aclaiminthenameofTamikaLauriceJames,theyoungdaughterJimi hadnevermet,ortoberemindedthattherewasalsothesmallsonin
SHARON LAWRENCE Swedentobeconsidered.Hewasstaggeredtohearagainthatthere wasonlyameaslytotalof$21,000inJimi’sbankaccountsatthetime hedied.Alwanted“mywayandmymoney,”hetoldfriendsafterhis less-than-victoriousreturn. While Jimi Hendrix had strongly believed in and demonstrated qualitiessuchasjusticeandfairness,hisfatherdidnot.Al’sposition wasthatsincehissonwasfamous,surelyJimimusthavebeenamillionaireorclosetoit.Itrankledhimthatdespiteallthepressurehe putonJimiinSeattleattheendofJuly1970aboutmakingandsigning a will with Al as the major beneficiary, Jimi had not accommodated him. Al was terrified now that some other “claimant person” wouldwalkawaywithhis money. It was Herbie Price, a well-meaning black man who briefly workedwithJimiasaself-styledvaletduringthefilmingofRainbow Bridge,whotoldAl HendrixaboutLeoBrantonJr.,aLosAngelesattorney who had represented actress Dorothy Dandridge and silkyvoicedsingerNat“King”Cole.Brantonhadalsobeenanintegralpart of the successful legal defense of Angela Davis, the beautiful black womanwhowasinvolvedinthelatesixtiesandearlyseventieswith thepoliticalgrouptheBlackPanthers,andwhowasonceplacedon theFederalBureauofInvestigation’smost-wantedlist. Branton was one of the first black attorneys to practice in Los Angelesandwaswell-knownwithinthejudicialsystemofdowntown L.A.AwhitecolleagueofBrantontoldmein1971,“Leo’stall,terse, and he looks white, even though he’s not. He could pass for white, buttohiscredithehasn’tdonethat.Iseriouslydoubtthatheknows orcaresaboutrockandrollandtoday’smusicbusiness.” Ihopedthathedid,becausethelateJimiHendrixviahisfather now appeared to be Branton’s number-one client. The lawyer had wastednotimehookingupwithAlHendrix.BrantongotridofHenry Steingarten,threateningtohavehimdisbarred.AlhadtoldBranton, “Dowhatyouwant.JustbesureIseesomemoney.” In the year before his death, two young black lawyers in New YorkCity,EdHoward andKenneth Hagood, had madeseveralover232
Jimi Hendrix turestowardJimi;theywantedtorepresenthim.Hementionedthis oncetomein1969 andtwice in1970.Jimispokewiththemat the persistent urging of a mutual friend “from uptown.” “I told them a fewthings.Ilistenedalot.Ididn’twantthemtothinkIwasrudeor uppity.LaterIsaidtomyself,‘Damnitall,youdon’tneedtobegettinghookedupwithanymorelawyers.’ ”Hewastalkedintomakinga coupleofappointments,whichhelaterhadcanceled. HowardandHagoodcontactedLeoBrantonJr.Since,atthetime ofhisdeath,JimiwasalegalresidentofNewYorkCity,theLosAngeles–based Branton could use New York associates. Ed Howard becametheestate’s“attorneyofrecord”inNewYork,andhispartner, KennethHagood,alsoreceivedatitlehehadspecificallyrequested. OnAugust31,1971,KennethD.Hagood,the“Administratorof theEstateofJamesM.Hendrix,”fileda“NoticeofRejection”inthe Surrogate’sCourtoftheStateofNewYork.Hagoodtooktheposition thatthe“claimorclaims”ofNoelReddingandJohnGrahamMitchell were“notvaliddebtsoftheEstate.” AlHendrixandhisnewlawyersignoredthe1968contractMitch and Noel had signed with Jimi and dismissed them as “irrelevant.” Jimi had discussed this with me in 1969, after Noel left the Experience,andhewasfullyawarethathewasresponsibleforseeingthat theywerepaidforeachrecordtheyhadplayedonwithhim,including all agreed-upon royalties. “Noel, each of us, will always get our royaltiesaslongastherecordssell,”Jimisaid.Headdedwithregard totouring,“WeagreedamongthethreeofuswhenweputtheExperiencetogetherthatIwouldgetfiftypercentasleaderofthegroup, and Mitch and Noel would get twenty-five percent each of all our earnings.Weallpaidtowardroadexpenses,butIhavepaidmostof that.Bonusesandstuff.”ItwasnotinJimiHendrix’snaturetocheat anddisrespectfellowmusicians,muchlesshisbandmates. Further letters and pertinent documents from the Experience’s London and New York accountants illuminating Jimi’s words were alsoignored. ThenoticeofrejectionwasdevastatingtoMitchandNoelper233
SHARON LAWRENCE sonallyandfinancially.“Theyarebeingtreatedasthoughtheynever existed,”aNewYorkconcertpromotersaidatthetime,“andneither ofthemhasthemoneytosue.”Nordidtheyhavethehearttotakeon majorlitigationagainsttheestateoftheirdeadfriend. AlandJuneHendrixexpressedjoytotheirfriendsin1971when “twoterrificthingshappened.”Hisnewlawyersarrangedforhimto begin receiving $600 per month on June 1, and a quarterly royalty statement from Reprise at the end of the year showed that a check would soon be issued in the amount of $323,622 to the “Estate of Jimi Hendrix.” Although Al still clung to his million-dollar dreams, this royaltystatement,hesaid,wasthemostexcitingthingthathad everhappenedtohim.
I
’dbeenintouchbyphoneandmailwithLeonHendrixafterJimi’s death, sending him photographs and telling him how important
he’dbeentohisbigbrother.In1972,whenIwasonabusinesstripto Seattle, we met face-to-face. Leon, in his early twenties, had been discharged from the military and now was just one more young Americanmantryingtofigureouthowtomakealivingandwhatto dowithhisfuture.HewaseagertohearallIcouldtellhimabouthis brother,andIsearchedmymemoryforeverystory,thought,andanecdotethatJimihadsharedwithme.IremindedLeonofawordgame Jimihadinventedforhim,andhegrinnedhappilyastherecollection floodedbackintohismind. LeoncontinuedtobeimpressedandproudthatJimihad“made itout,”thathe’dbecomeastar.Hespokefarmoreaffectionatelyof hisfatherthanJimieverhadtome,mentioningAl’sfailings,butinan acceptingmanner.Leonwaspoliteandsweet,thesortofpersonyou alwayswishwell.HetoldmethatAl’swife,June,didn’tlikehimand that he felt she was fixated on Jimi’s money. Leon referred to her daughter,Janie,as“myyoungersister,”againwiththeboyishsweetnessthatseemedtobeanintegralpartofhispersonality.Fromtime 234
Jimi Hendrix to time after this meeting, Leon wrote and phoned me, sometimes collect,toaskforadviceorfeedback. InLondonIhadbeenshownashortandcharmingfilmshowing Jimi sitting on a tall stool playing a bit and speaking in that natural one-on-one way of his. At Island Records I met with a young EnglishmanbythenameofAustinJohnMarshall,whohadshepherded thisfilmintocompletion.HespokewarmlyofJimiandexplainedthat several people had contributed or loaned small amounts of money for the project. In passing he mentioned that record producer Joe Boydwasoneofthem.IknewthatBoyd,anAmerican,hadproduced Nick Drake, the Incredible String Band, and Fairport Convention, amongothers,and that he had recently movedto California, where he had an executive position at Warner Bros. Records in Burbank. I setupameetingwithBoyd,suggestingthatMarshall’sfilmbedistributedthroughoutAmericaasakindofgiftfromWarnerBros./Reprise tothefanswhomournedandmissedHendrix.“WhatIlikeaboutthis film,” I told Boyd, “is it shows the real, down-to-earth Jimi, the guy his friends knew. It’s him. Not the overblown image. Wouldn’t it be greattoreleaseitinAmerica,chargeaminimalfee,andgiveitallto charityinJimi’smemory?” BoydaskedmetoattendameetingatLeoBrantonJr.’sofficeon lowerWilshireBoulevardneartheAmbassadorHotel.NoelRedding, whohadarrivedrecentlyinLosAngeles,wassupposedtoaccompany me to the meeting—which already had been changed three or four times—but he was feeling nervous and insecure, and he chickened out,saying“Pleasedoyourbestforus,love.” Branton’s office was drab; he was wearing a brown suit that matchedhisbrownfurniture.Hisfirmappearedtoconsistofjusthim and his secretary. We discussed the documentary. Branton seemed enthusiastic. I mentioned Noel and Mitch’s royalties and wondered whentheywouldbepaid.Brantonhumoredmebylistening,buthe didn’tcomment.Itoldhimsomethingalongthelinesof,“Ifyouwant them to appear in the film, I’m assuming they’ll need the money they’reowed.ItcostsmoneytoflytoLosAngelesandstayinahotel, 235
SHARON LAWRENCE andthey’renotworking.It’squitedifficultwhenthey’veplayedwith someoneasspecialasJimitojustgooutandstartover.Remember, theaudiencelovestheseguysandwillwanttoseeandheartheminterviewed.” This really was not my business, but no one had mentioned Mitch or Noel so far. Branton said of them, “They are completely irrelevant.” I certainly didn’t want to repeat that line to Noel. Meanwhile, Boyd, who’d spoken to Al Hendrix on the phone several times, made a couple of disparaging comments about him. Branton smilingly agreed. The last ten minutes of the meeting were focused on charming me. “The ball’s in your court,” Branton said. Boyddeclared,“You’llbewellpaid.”TheonlyreplyImadewastotell themthatmyparkingmeterwouldexpireintwominutesandthatI neededtoleave. One of the dictates Jimi had offered to me on one of his “selfimprovementdays”was“Never assume.”Ittookmequiteafewyears togetit. Joe Boyd had produced good records by “sensitive” artists, so I just assumed that he would see the common sense behind my idea andthatofcoursehewouldwishtopayrespecttoHendrix.Itnever occurred tome that mysimpleconceptwassoon to become a fullblowndocumentary,withBoydnowenvisioninghisfutureasamovie producer.Thecharitableaspectofthefilmwasgonewiththewind, and when Boyd invited me to see some sample footage, I was distressedtoviewon-screenamusicianandgoodfriendtoJimibreaking down with emotion as a couple of the bozos working on the documentarychortledatthescreen—“We’llcutsomeofthisshit!”oneof themsaid.Forgetaboutseeingthe“realJimi.”TherealityIneededto face was that this now was officially “let’s all cash in on Hendrix” time.Thecastofcharactersbehindthescenesofthisdocumentary lovedtheideaofmakingmoneyandmakingmovies;Hendrixwasjust the hot dead guy to getthem off theground. Igotsnippyandcomplained to Warner Bros. moguls while Boyd poured on the charm, phoningtoinvitehimselftomyapartment—“I’llbringagoodbottle of wine, and we’ll sit back and listen to those cassettes you have of 236
Jimi Hendrix Jimitalking.”Iturneddownthatoffer,asIdidtheonethatinvolveda six-figurefeeformetoactas“consultant.”Iwasn’tnoble,justdisillusioned. Boyd’sAFilmAboutJimiHendrix receivedmixedreviewswhenit was released in 1973. It had brief moments that were interesting, moving, amusing. The best thing for Jimi’s fans, of course, was the shortsequenceshowinghimsittingquietlyonthetallstoolandthen laterexplodingintoJIMI!onstage.
T
woyearsafterJimi’sdeath,inOctober1972,Britain’sNewMusicalExpress printedtheresultsofapolloftheworld’sleadinggui-
tarists.JimiHendrixemergedasthe“undisputedwinner,”hispeers’ pick as “Number One Guitarist in the World.” While Jimi was no longerphysicallypresent,respectforhistalenthadnotdied.Reprise Recordswasproudtoannouncetotherecordindustryandthemedia that the new Hendrix War Heroes LP had garnered the top FM-radio airplayinAmericainitsfirstweekinDecember1972. Ron Saul, who coincidentally attended Garfield High School in Seattle,thoughnotatthesametimeasHendrix,becametheheadof promotion at Reprise during the last few months of Jimi’s life. “We loved him dearly,” he says today. “Jimi was the most incredible talent.I’venever seenanyonelikehim;hewassofaraheadofeveryone else.Completelyoriginal.”SaulrecallsthathemetJimionlyonceand sawhimplaytwice. “Likesomany,Iwasdeeplysaddenedanddisappointedwhenhe passedaway.IrememberhowweirdandmiserablewefeltinthepromotionofCryofLove, whichwasreleasednotlongafter his death.” Consideredtopsinhisareaofexpertise,Saul,nowretired,explains, “I felt very frustrated. At the company we loved our artists and workedhardforthem.Wewereperpetuallypsychedup!Thosewere greatdaysintherecordbusiness,andmanytimesIwishedsomuch thatIcouldhavedoneforJimiwhatI—whatwe—didforotherartists, 237
SHARON LAWRENCE thatwecouldhaveexperiencedasharedpleasurewithhiminseeing anotherHendrixrecordclimbthecharts.”
N
oel was young, strungout, andscaredabouthisfuture. HeeagerlyacceptedtheofferofarecorddealwithNaturalResources,
anew“white”divisionofMotown.HisEnglishpalLesSampson,alikable, enthusiastic young drummer, and an American guitarist, Rod Richard,onlybrieflyintheband,werethecomponentsofNoel’strio, bearingtheuninspirednameofRoad.Hemovedintoahumblelittle rental in Hollywood, and my mother supplied him with good china andmiscellaneoushouseholdgoods. Meanwhile, Mitch flew back and forth from England to the United States. He’d done some drumming for Jack Bruce and had nowbeentalkedintobeingpartofanewAmericangroupcalledRamatam,spotlightingagirlguitarist,AprilLawton.LoyalHendrixfans rushed to see Mitch’s club appearances, but the band didn’t last long. NoelandMitchhadlittlecommunication,andIkeptreminding Noelthatitwasimportantforthemtopresentaunitedfrontifthey weretoreceivethefundsowedtothem.Icontributedtothecausein avarietyofways,involvingtime,money,andanguish.TheNewYork lawyersNoelandMitchknewfromtheolddayswereexpensiveand gettingnowhereintheirdealingswiththeHendrixestate.SoNoelretained an ambitious, relatively young Beverly Hills attorney, who camerecommendedbyafriendatBillboard magazine.Noelaskedme toexplainthathecouldnotaffordaheftyretainer.Insteadhewould paythelawyer’sexpenses,includingtravel,andafairpercentageof whatevermonieshemightreceivefromWarnerBros.asopposedto theHendrixestate. EventuallyNoel,hisattorney,andIflewtoLondontomeetwith accountantsandotherpertinentpartiesonthequestforthemysteriousYametamoney.NoelhopedthatthisBahamiantaxshelterwould 238
Jimi Hendrix turn out to be his pot of gold. The highlight of the trip, if it can be calledthat,camewhenthethreeofusenteredtheantiques-filledofficeofJohnA.HillmanintheheartofposhMayfairinLondon’sWest End. Hillman, who appeared to be close to fifty, politely and confidentlyplayeditcool,actingasthoughhewereessentiallyunawareof whoNoelReddingwas,whileIavertedmyeyesfromNoel’smiserable faceandgrimlyadmiredtheexquisitewood-paneledwallsofthisinnersanctum.Hillmanwasdapperinanexpensivetailoredsuit.Weall quicklycomprehendedthatunderneaththegoodmanners,Mr.Hillman was a tough man and that while appearing cooperative, he wouldtellusnothing.ThiswasMichaelJeffery’sguy—Mr.Yameta. Noel breathed deeply when we left. He was shaking like a leaf andclutchingmyarm.He’dheldontosuchhighhopesthatHillman would be helpful to him. Noel’s lawyer later managed to persuade Hillman to put him in touch with Sir Guy Henderson, still one of Yameta’s“directors,”andflewtosunnyNassau,billingNoelforthe expenses. Henderson was as adept as Hillman in the charm and double-talkdepartment.Littlewasaccomplished.
I
n New York, Michael Jeffery’s Electric Lady Studios were busy
aroundtheclock.Everyartist,itseemed,wantedtomakeanalbum
inoneortheotherofthetwostudiosintheWestEighthStreetbuilding—amongthemKiss,LouReed,CarlySimon,DeepPurple,andLed Zeppelin. If it was good enough for Jimi Hendrix, then it must be great!AfterJimi’sdeathMikeenteredabriefperiodofseemingintrospectionandspokeofhisinterestin“meditation.”Whenitcameto the problems of Mitch and Noel, however, he had no time for deep thinking or offering a helping hand. Both musicians were owed money—by Jeffery himself as well as Yameta Company Limited and Reprise Records. As ever, what Mike thought about was . . . Mike. Within eighteen months of Jimi’s death, Jeffery was hunting down deals.Hedidn’tneedthemoney,buthemissedthepower,theplea239
SHARON LAWRENCE sureofbeingaplayerinthescene.Recordexecutivesatseveralcompanies, among them RCA Victor, telephoned me to discuss several artists and groups Jeffery was attempting to sign to record deals. “He’sreallypushingtheHendrixthing,”Iwastold.“HesaysJimiwas crazy about some of these musicians or wanted to produce them, et ceteraetcetera.DoyouknowifHendrixmetorheardanyofthem before he died?” Mike’s lawyer Steve Weiss was mentioned, too, in the pursuitofthesedeals. Itsoundedtome likeJefferywas back to hisoldtricks,usingthedeadJimiashehadtheliveone. OnMarch5,1973,realitycaughtupwithMichaelJefferyinabig way. Sixty-eight people died when two Spanish planes collided in midairoverNantes,France.One,anIberiaDC-9,disintegratedinthe sky, raining debris and bodies for a ten-mile radius. One of those mangled bodies was that of thirty-nine-year-old Jeffery, who could be identified only on the basis of the watch, rings, and chain he alwayswore.Theotherplane,aSpantaxCV-990,managedtolandwith nolossoflives.Itwaswell-knownthatMikehadafearofflying,often changing his reservation at the last minute, but the fact is that for yearshe’dflownbackandforthtoMajorca,thelocationofmanyof his assets and a place where he owned lucrative clubs. Mike and trustedmembersofhisstaffoftentransportedlargesumsofmoney on these trips. A strike by French air controllers at the time, unfounded accusations of pilot error, and “unwatched” radar were all elements in the mix of where to place blame for the accident. Asit concernsthelatemanagerofthelateJimiHendrix,thereisnotruth toaseriesofrumorsthatthecrashwascausedbyJeffery’senemies. Mikesimplylosttheluckhe’dcarriedforsolong.Delightingforyears inhisownshrewdness,success,andwealth,nowhewasjustyesterday’snews.
E
dChalpinhadwhinedabouttheBandofGypsys albumhereceived inaseriesofsettlementsthathewouldnever,everallowhimself 240
Jimi Hendrix toconsiderfinallysettled.ThelastalbumreleasedbeforeHendrix’s death,Gypsys soldsowellbothbeforeandafterthatChalpinallegedly garnered some $10 million from it through the years. When Leo BrantonJr.tookholdoftheestate,industryobserverswatchedwith interest to see who would outsmart whom. The lawsuit that Ed Chalpin had filed in London in 1970 before Jimi’s death, against TrackRecordsandPolydor,finallywasonthecourtdocketinMarch 1973alongwithotherpertinentsuitsagainstTrack,ChasChandler, MikeJeffery,andJimi’sestate.“ThejudgedetestedMr.Chalpinand felthereallydidn’thaveacase,”oneofmyFleetStreetpressfriends whoattendedtheproceedingstoldme.“HeruledthatChalpinhadto pay more than two hundred thousand American dollars in court costs.”AWarnerBros.executivetoldmeafewmonthsafterChalpin’s London failure, “Chalpin’s the kind of guy who lives for the thrill of thegame.Hedidn’twanttobeshutout,andaftertheLondoncourtroomstuff,Brantonlethimgetawaywithcontinuingtodistributethe oldPPXcrap.” Eventually Noel Redding reached an agreement with Warner Bros./Reprise Records wherein he signed away his rights for the patheticsumof$100,000.HiscareerwasnothappeninginAmerica,as ithadnotinEnglandafterhelefttheExperience.Heboughtahouse inIrelandandspenthistimeendlesslyreviewinghisaccountsandfinancial records and his stacks of legal documents. He worked sporadically on a book. He engaged in an ongoing battle with drugs, alcohol,andlackofmoney,buthedidn’tlosehischarm,hishumor, andhislikability. Theseventieswereaperiodoftremendousdruguseintherock musicindustry.Often,whenIranintofriendsandadmirersofHendrix in England and in America, I was stunned by the drug-crazy lifestyleofyoungmenandwomenwhohadseemedsovibrantand golden; now they appeared aged and tarnished, out of control. It had beenHendrix who’d owned the big, bad drug-gobbling image, butthis wassomuchworse.Tohavedinnerwithcertainstarswasto findoneselfcarefully,casuallypointingoutthattheplatetheywere 241
SHARON LAWRENCE waiting for was sitting in front of them and that their food was growingcold.Otherssimplydidn’tbotherwithregularmealsatall; theyhadayenforsweetsandseemedtoexistoncandybars.What hadhappened,Iwondered,tothatfleeting,joyfultimewhenweall feltandactedso cool?Oftentheworstpartafteroneoftheseagonizing dinners was seeing that drugged-out Mr. or Ms. Famous neededhelpinstandinguprightandhad tobeprotectivelyhelped to the limousine or across the street and told, “The light is green now.Wecancross.”Atthepeakofallthisself-destructivebehavior, IwasinvitedtoapartyinaridiculouslyexpensivesuiteatthePlaza HotelinNewYork.“Anyonewho’sanyone willbethere,”Iwastold. ArenownedCaliforniaband,inNewYorkforasloppyperformance at Madison Square Garden, was holding court; they were purred overbymajorrecordexecutives,wholaughedwithandschmoozed these completely out-of-it rock stars. In each room of the sevenroomsuite,twoorthreelargebowlswereprominentlyplacedontables and decorative chests. The bowls contained mounds of cocaine. IwasnoGoodyTwo-shoes,butthislunaticdecadencewasnota sceneIcaredtobeassociatedwith.Iwasmakingtrackstowardthe doorwhenIheardtwoofthestarsoftheCaliforniabandlisteningas a reporter from a music trade magazine was discussing how one of Jimi Hendrix’s so-called friends, producer Alan Douglas, had taken unfinished Hendrix song tracks and added side men on drums and bass—menwhohadneverplayedwithJimi—tomakemoremoneyfor himself,LeoBrantonJr.,andAlHendrix.“Man,that justsucks!”said oneofthestars.“Hendrixwouldbecompletelypissedoffaboutit.” Hewipedtheresiduecocainefromhisnose.“Thisbusinessisjustso brutal. Everybody knows that Douglas pushed so hard to be Jimi’s producer,andwithJimioutoftheway,nowhefinallyis.CanyoubelievethatWarnerBros.goesalongwiththisshit?” “I’m hearing that the lawyer’s son, Chip Branton, is making plenty off Hendrix, too,” the reporter said. “He’s got something or othertodowithbeinga‘producer’onJimi’smusic.” 242
Jimi Hendrix The two musicians seemed confused. “Who are these Brantons?” The Billboard man explained, “The father’s a lawyer. He works foroldmanHendrix.Iguesshewantshiskidonthepayroll,too.” Lingering,Ifeltlikebuttinginandaskingmorequestions,butI didn’t.I’dseenandheardenough. NoteveryonewasunhappywithAlanDouglas’s“reinvention”of JimiHendrix.TheCrashLanding albumheproducedbythecut-andpasteandoverdubmethodhittheAmericantop-tenchartsin1975, and his second Hendrix “production,” the song “Midnight Lightning,” was a strong seller at the end of that year. Douglas told the pressthathewasworkingwithsomeeighthundredhoursofHendrix tapeandthattherewouldbemorerecordstocome.LeoBrantonJr. and his client Al Hendrix were delighted to be associated with Alan Douglas.
L
ife was getting better and better for Al Hendrix. He’d received enough money from Jimi’s estate to buy a comfortable but not
lavishfive-bedroom,five-bathhomewithduallivingrooms,andhis own basement “hideout” complete with billiard table and beerstockedrefrigerator.ThehomewassituatedonalargelotwithaspaciousgarageinanupscaleneighborhoodinSeattle’sSkywaysuburb. ItwasherethathemetJimi’sSwedishson,JamesHenrikDaniel Sundquist, when the young child and his mother, Eva, flew in from Sweden for a brief visit. They’d been having a rough time, allegedly livingonwelfare.TheboyhadalreadybeenrecognizedasJimi’sson in a Swedish court. Branton had told Al that this was going to cost him, and Al was miserable about it. “Everyone wants money from me!”hesaid.“Evenwhentheydon’tspeakEnglish!”Itannoyedhim thatEvaandhersonweremorecomfortablespeakingSwedish.The boy’suncleLeon’svoicesoftenedinrecallinghisfirstglimpseofthe child.“WhenImetlittleJimi,Isaid,oooh!Therehewas,justlikemy 243
SHARON LAWRENCE brother—a little pigeon-toed. He walked with that special gait Jimi had.”JuneHendrix’sdaughterLindaremembers,“Thelittleboywas adorable.Helookedsomuchlikehisfather.” After months of strategizing and haggling on the BrantonHendrix side, Jimi’s son and his mother were paid approximately a milliondollars“forhissupport.”TheyfaredbetterthanJimi’sdaughter, Tamika. Legal suits filed soon after his death came to nothing, since her representatives were unable to provide proof of her relationshiptoJimiintheNewYorkcourts.Muchlatershewouldreceive the grand sum of a hundred dollars as a gift from her grandfather. Whenshewasayoungteenager,Tamikasummoneduphercourage, telephoned Seattle, and asked to speak to Al Hendrix. It was Janie Hendrix who answered the phone and shrieked at her, “You are not relatedtomybrother!Heisnot yourfather!” On the homefront,Aland JuneHendrix’s marriagewassaid to be “a quirky situation,” punctuated by arguments and altercations, sometimes alcohol-related. June’s concerns regarding “other women”wereinvolved.Junewantedout,althoughneithershenorAl seemedtodesireadivorce—toomuchHendrixmoneywasatstake. Afterhewasfedupwith“wrangling,”Alagreedtogivehiswifeanallowance.ShelefttheirhomeinSkyway.HerdaughterJaniechoseto remainwithAl.HeboughtJuneaninexpensivehouse,butshesoon suffered a stroke and needed physical therapy. In time she moved into a Seattle condominium. Several serious illnesses plagued her, worryingherolderchildren.Junewasinandoutofnursinghomes.
A
lanDouglasdidmakeatleastonemovethatbenefitedthemusic of Jimi Hendrix. The producer was instrumental in licensing a
limitedamountofHendrixmusictoRykodisc,atinyMassachusetts companyspecializinginlasertechnologyasappliedtosoundinthe brand-new format of the compact disc. In 1987, Rykodisc released JimiHendrixLiveatWinterland.Thehigh-qualitysoundwowedolder 244
Jimi Hendrix musicfans,wholovedtheirvinylandtheaccompanyinglarge,colorful, informative album sleeves, as well as younger fans and new artists,whohurriedouttobuyCDplayersandturnHendrixuploud andlong.TheCDsoldwithastrengththatamazedtherecordindustryanddefinitelyhelpedtoleadthemajorlabelstoastrongerbelief thatvinylwouldsoonbeobsolete.ThenextandfinalCDforHendrix on Rykodisc, Radio One, also sold speedily. One could say that Rykodisc was a large factor in helping to revitalize the career of a deadbutincandescentartist.
245
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
1990–1999: A Series of Showdowns
O
nJuly24,1990,ItelephonedLeoBran-
ton Jr. at his L.A. office. I had long been encouraged by numerous friendsandfansofJimitowritealengthypieceabouthim,possibly for The Sunday Times of London, as a tribute tied into the twentieth anniversaryofhisdeath.Foryearsmusic-businessinsidershadgossiped to me about the inner workings of the Leo Branton and Alan Douglas alliance with regard to Hendrix; it was time to ask a few questions. Branton’s pleasant-voiced secretary wasted no time in putting himonthelineafterIgavemynameandmentionedthatIwasthinking about writing a tribute to Hendrix. It must have been a slow morningfortheattorney,whohadrepresentedAlHendrixforsome nineteen years now. I had planned to remind Mr. Branton of our meetingsandtelephoneconversationsintheearlyseventies,buthe didn’t give me an opportunity. Today he was in a jovial mood and quiteeager totalkaboutthe littlekingdomhe ran.I couldhear the squeak of his desk chair as he mentioned that the sun was pouring throughhisofficewindowsonthisleisurelysummerday.Throughout
SHARON LAWRENCE our twenty-minute conversation, Branton came across as relaxed andverysureofhimself;hewasalawyerwhowassittingpretty.Now thesunnowshoneforhiminanenvironmentIrememberedasbeing drabandcold. I asked him about Jimi’s record salessince his death. “I receive royaltystatementsfromrecordcompaniesaroundtheworld,”Branton said proudly. Still, he hedged when I wondered how many hundredsofthousandsofHendrixalbumshadbeensoldinthepasttwo decades.Akidwithacalculatorcouldhavecomeupwithanapproximatefigurebasedonallthoseroyaltystatements.Whilehechoseto belessthanforthcomingaboutrecordsales,Brantonwasquicktotell me that all of Jimi Hendrix’s publishing, his song copyrights, were controlledbyhim,asopposedtolicensingtheHendrix“catalog”with majorinternationalsongpublisherssuchasEMIorSony.“Hissongs go through Bella Godiva, Incorporated,” Branton said, adding, “I’m the president of the company.” I remembered that “Bella Godiva” wasthenameJimihadchoseninthelate1960swhenNewYorkpublishingproAaronSchroederhadadministeredhissongwriting.Iwondered why Branton had selected himself to lead Bella Godiva, when he possessed little solid experience in the lucrative field of music publishing. BrantontalkedcasuallyofhowheandJimi’smanager,MikeJeffery,haddevelopeda“friendlyworkingrelationship”andhadcome totermsonmanyissues.Thisalliancesurprisedme.Surelythelawyer hadbeenshocked,perhapsevencontemptuous,ashelearnedofJeffery’s manipulations of Jimi’s earnings and of Hendrix himself. “So you’retheboss,”Iremarked,“whenitcomestoJimiHendrix.” “I’m theboss,”Brantonagreed. “AreyousurprisedbythegrowthofHendrix’spopularity?” “It’sphenomenal,”hesaid.“Certainlynotsomethingwewould haveexpectedatthetimeofhisdeath.” “Howdoyouaccountforit,Mr.Branton?” He chuckled and answered candidly, “Apparently Jimi Hendrix wasagreatermusicianthanIeverthoughthewas.Kidswhoweren’t 248
Jimi Hendrix evenbornwhenJimidiedlookonhimasoneofthegreatestguitarists ofalltime.Ineverwouldhaveandneverdid.ButIhavetorecognize thefactthattheworldrecognizeshimassuch.” Yes, this stranger to the real Jimi Hendrix was definitely sitting pretty,IthoughtasIthankedthelawyerforhistime.
E
arly in 1991 I was surprised to receive a telephone call from
MonikaDannemann,whoI’dlastheardfromalmosttwentyyears
earlier, when she’d written me a series of letters seekingmyfriendshipandinvitingherselftostaywithmeatmyhomeinLosAngeles. Then, tremendously upset by these letters, I had turned to Henry Steingarten,whoadvisedmetoignorehercompletely.“She’strying tomakeherselfmoreimportantthansheis,”he’dsaid.Now,afterall thistime,shewastelephoningmefromEngland,sweetlyasking,“Do yourememberme?”Ididn’treply;howcouldIeverforgetthewoman wholetJimidie? Threetimesinthisconversation,duringwhichIhadtoworkatremainingcalm,Dannemannurgedmetocomeandstaywithherather “country house” on the south coast of England. “We can speak of Jimi,”shesaideagerly.“Iknowyoumusthavemanywonderfulmemories.And,ofcourse,Ido.Wecansharethem.We’llhavetea,andyou canenjoymygarden.”Isoonerwouldhavestuckmyheadintheoven thanhaveacceptedherinvitation.Iunderstoodthatshewantedand, presumably,needed informationfromme.FriendsinEnglishpresscircleshadadvisedmefromtimetotimeovertheyearsthatMonikawas alwaystryingtosecureabookdealtowriteabout“myfiancé,”asshe generallyreferredtoHendrix.Irememberedhowshehadbecomeinvolvedwith CurtisKnight, the cocky littleNewYork musician, who’d beenthefirsttoexploit“theJimiIknew.”Shehadcontributedherversion of Jimi’s death to Knight for his jivey, error-filled memoir, publishedsoonafterthattragicevent,includingagarbledversionofwhat IhadbrieflysaidtoMonikaaboutJimi’sinterestinthenumbernine. 249
SHARON LAWRENCE ListeningtoMonikanow,Ifeltangerathercolossalnerve.“I’m quite busy,” I told her. “I must hang up and go out to an appointment.”IfeltquiteproudthatIhadmadeitthroughthis“blastfrom thepast”moment.ThankGodI’dgottenridofher! Ofcourse,Iwaswrongaboutthat.SeveralmonthslaterIreceived a registered letter from Monika Dannemann’s English solicitors, strongly warning me that I must never write about Jimi Hendrix’s death and implicate their client in any manner. I scanned the twopageletterinlessthanaminuteandimmediatelytosseditinthepost office’strashcan.Gotohell,Ithought,butitdidbothermethatDannemann had managed to track my address as well as my unlisted phonenumber,whichshewoulduseyetagaininthefuture.
I
nthespringof1992,AlHendrixflewtoNewYorktoattendafancy dinnerattheWaldorf-Astoriahotelontheoccasionoftheinduc-
tion of the Jimi Hendrix Experience into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Theimpressivecrowd,morethanathousandmenandwomen, waspackedwithmusiciansandrecord-industrymoguls.Theyallrose totheirfeettocelebratethelaterockstar,andtheyapplaudedand cheered for Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding, who stood alongside Jimi’sfather.Algrinnedfromeartoear,andasthecheerscontinued, he shed a few tears. NeilYoung was theofficial “inductor,” praising Jimiandthenperforming“AllAlongtheWatchtower.” “All that applause, that were really somethin’,” Al Hendrix declared to photographers as he obligingly posed once more after the ceremony.“He’sacutelittleguy,”apromotionexecutiveatAtlantic Recordssaidatthetime.“Allspiffyinhistuxedo.Didn’tlookathing likeyou’dexpectJimi’sfathertolook.” WhileAlHendrixseemedquitecontentsittingbackandcollecting$50,000ayearfromhisson’sestateplushavingLeo BrantonJr. take charge of his income taxes and all those other niggling little mattersthatmadeupthebusinessofbeingthefatherofadeadrock 250
Jimi Hendrix star,hisadopteddaughterJaniewantedtobeinvolved.Shewasnow the mother of four sons; her early career training as a hairdresser neverhadpannedout,andalthoughshehadnobusinessexperience whatsoever, it was Leo Branton who unknowingly inspired Janie to greaterheights. Beyondtheyearly$50,000toAl,fromtimetotimeBrantonalso sent checks to Leon and Janie, at their father’s request. In October 1992bothJanieandLeonreceivedlettersfromBrantononbehalfof Al asking to purchase their contingent reversionary copyrights in Jimi’s music. He explained that under federal copyright law, copyrights revert to their original owners after twenty-eight years. According to a lengthy, fact-filled trial brief later prepared by Leon’s Seattlelawyer,RobertCurran, Branton informed Leon and Janie that Al originally sold the Hendrixcopyrightsinexchangeforanannuitywhichhadprovidedhimwithasteadyincome.Nowthattheoriginalcopyright periodwasabouttoexpire,BrantonindicatedthatAlwishedto sellthereversionarycopyrightsaswell;however,inordertodo soheneededtofirstacquireLeon’sandJanie’scontingentrights whichwouldvestwereAltodiebeforethecopyrightsreverted. Branton’s letter requested that Leon and Janie sign an agreementwhereineachwouldwaivehisorhercontingentreversionary rights in Jimi’s music copyrights in exchange for $300,000cashanda$700,000trusttobeestablishedbyAlfor the“education,healthandwelfareofyourrespectivechildren.” BecausethetrustswouldbefundeduponthesalebyAlofthereversionary rights,theletterofferedtomakethe fundingofthe trustsbindinguponAl’sestateincasefundingdidnottakeplace beforeAl’sdeath. Al and his lawyer met in Seattle before the letters were sent to his two children. Branton explained “reversionary copyrights” to Al several times, but his client had a difficult time grasping all the de251
SHARON LAWRENCE tails.AccordingtoCurran’ssubsequenttrialbrief,“Leon signedthe ReversionaryRightsAgreementatwhathebelievedwastherequest ofhisfather.Untilthatpoint,Brantonhadhandledallofthelegaland business affairs relating to the Hendrix estate. Moreover, Al had alwaysdismissedLeon’sconcernsaboutBranton,tellingeveryonethat hewas‘welltakencareof.’AlalsoledLeontobelieveheagreedwith Branton’sproposalbytellingLeonseveralweeksearlierthat‘Leohas somethingforyou.’ ” Janiedidn’tsign.SheretainedaleadingSeattleattorney,O.Yale Lewis Jr. of Hendricks & Lewis, to advise her. Lewis investigated the worth of the contingent rights, and he came to the conclusion that Jimi’sestatewas“extremelyvaluable.”LewisthenmetwithAlHendrix and discussed a range of significant ideas. Janie’s thinking was that there must be many more millions that Branton had not mentionedinhisletterstoherandLeon. Al’snieceDianetelephonedhimfromNewYorktosaythatshe’d read in a newspaper article that Branton was making a new agreementtoselltheHendrix“rights”thatmightbringinasmuchas$40 million. He was flabbergasted—“Leo never mentioned anything like that,”hetoldherandthenJanie,hewouldlatertestify. News soon spread swiftly around Seattle that Janie was urging her father to dump Branton and “sue to get our legacy back.” At Janie’surging,AlretainedYaleLewisandhisfirmto“investigatethe handlingoftheHendrixestatebyBranton.”PaulAllen,theMicrosoft billionaire, had let it be known to Al Hendrix that he was willing to loanhim$5millionforlegalexpenses.If“thefamily”won,theycould repayhim.Iftheylost,Allenwouldforgivethedebt.
I
nearly1993,BrantonreceivednumerouslegallettersfromSeattle. One of them was fromYale Lewis,saying, “Mr.Hendrix has asked
metoconveytoyouhisinstructionsthatyoutakenofurtheraction onhisbehalforanyactionthataffects,inanyway,anyassetsthatare 252
Jimi Hendrix heldinhisnameorinanyothernameforhisbenefitwithoutmyprior review. A Revocation of Any Power of Attorney associated by Mr. Hendrix is enclosed.”Anotherletter requested copiousinformation and records on Al Hendrix’s behalf. Immediately defensive, accordingtosubsequenttestimony,Brantontooka“stonewall”posture,remindingAldirectlyhowmuchhe’ddoneforhimandwritinghimto sayitwouldtakealongtimetolocatealltherecordsoftheirtwentyyear relationship. Al was understandably nervous and scared about whathehadsetinmotion,frettingoverhowlongall“thisawfulness” wouldtake.Hislawyershadadvisedthathewouldhavetogivelong andtediousdepositionstellingallthatheknewandthathewouldbe expected to testify in front of a judge and jury. He didn’t feel good about this. Janie and her husband, Troy Wright, prodded Al, shored himup,speakingof“victoryparties”andgenerallyencouraginghim that“thisistherightthingtodo!” Almost twenty years prior, Branton had wrested the Hendrix estatefromJimi’spersonallawyer,HenryW.Steingarten,andhadbeen given carte blanche by Al Hendrix to “go make them deals.” It was a humiliating day for Branton when his family, his neighbors, his legal colleagues,andJimiHendrixfanssawtheApril20,1993,editionofhis hometownpaper,theLosAngelesTimes. Aprominentheadlineread:
J IMI H ENDRIX ’ S FATHER F ILES F RAUD S UIT A GAINST L AWYER Thestory,writtenbyjournalistChuckPhillips,saidthat“thesuit accuses Los Angeles entertainment lawyer Leo Branton Jr. of selling therightstothelaterockstar’scataloguewithouttheknowledgeor consentofthefather,James(Al)Hendrix.Brantondefendedhimself bystating,“ ‘Mr.Hendrixsignedawayallofhisrightstotheso-called legacy20yearsagoforaveryvaluableconsideration.Hesignedthe papershimself,andheunderstoodthem.Nowthatthesethingshave increasedinvalue,he’sjusttryingtoblackmailtheownersintogivinghimsomemoneybasedupontheclaimthathedidn’tknowwhat hewasdoing.’ ” 253
SHARON LAWRENCE News,facts,gossip,andrumorstraveledlikewildfirethroughout theLosAngelesrecordindustryandspreadinternationally.“PoorJimi, inhisgraveandstill gettingscrewed,”commentedamusicianwhohad seen his riveting performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. What everyone wondered was, is Branton a rip-off artist? Record producer AlanDouglasreceivedlesssympathy;afterall,he’d“messed”withthe musicofageniustomakeabuck.AlHendrixwaswhomostpeoplefelt sorryfor—“He’sJimi’sfather,forGod’ssake.Themandeservesallthe respectintheworld.”Recordexecutivesvieweditdifferently.Thiswas simply business. Jimi Hendrix was dead. If his father had made poor choices,sobeit.Onethingwascertain,accordingtothepros:IfMCA Recordsanditsparentcompany,Universal,wantedrightstoJimiHendrix’s music, they’d find a way to get them—everyone had his price. Still,thestoryintheLosAngelesTimes broughtsadnesstomusicbizveterans who’d always thought of Jimi Hendrix as synonymous with Reprise Records. As Reprise’s Bob Merlis had enjoyed saying, “Jimi Hendrixisthecornerstoneofourhipness.”ApparentlyRepriseandits corporatechiefshadmixedfeelingswithregardtoanewHendrixdeal anddidn’tcaretomatchtheMCAoffer.Therewas,ofcourse,thepossibilitythatBrantonhadbetterreasonsfornotwantingthemusicofa deadrockstaronRepriseanymore,thathehimselfwouldattainmore powerinthefaceofanewdealwithanewcastofexecutives. AssortedrelativesonbothsidesofJimi’sfamily,acquaintances, and former neighbors in the Central District talked nonstop when theysawtheheadlineintheSeattlePost-Intelligencer:
H ENDRIX L AWSUIT FatherofRockStarSuesforCopyrightOwnership “ImagineAlHendrix,ofallpeople,filingabig-deallawsuit,”was atypicalcommentinhisoldneighborhood.Thenewsstoryreported, “Thecourtbattleispartofadisputethatearlierthismonthdelayeda multimillion-dollar deal in which MCA Music Entertainment Group wastobuyJimiHendrix’srecordingandpublishingrights.”Thissur254
Jimi Hendrix prisedandconfusedthoseinSeattlewhohadassumedthatAlhimself was already a multimillionaire. After all, now he lived in a big houseawayfromtheCentralDistrict,andhissonhadbeenoneofthe mostfamousmusiciansintheworld. On June 14, 1993, the Hendrix attorneys stepped up the pressurebyfilinganamendedcomplaint“foranaccounting,breachoffiduciary duty, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, legal malpractice, restitution based upon rescission of contract, securities law violations,violationofRICO,conspiracytodefraud,infringementofcopyrights, unfair competition, conversion, infringement of rights of publicityanddeclaratoryjudgments.”Thefirstpageofthecomplaint spelledoutthewho’swhoofthedrama: United States District Court Western Washington District of Washington AtSeattle JAMES A. HENDRIX, anindividual,Plaintiff v.LEO BRANTON, JR., AND GERALDINE BRANTON, individuallyandthemarital communitythereof; LEO BRANTON, JR., A LAW CORPORATION, aCalifornia corporation;BELLA GODIVA MUSIC, INC., aNewYorkcorporation;PRESENTACIONES MUSICALES, S.A., aPanamanian corporation;INTERLIT B.V.I., LIMITED, aBritishVirginIslandscorporation; AUTEURSRECHTENMAATSCHAPPIJ B.V., aNetherlandscompany; BUREAU VOOR MUZIEKRECHTEN ELBER B.V., aNetherlandscorporation; ARE YOU EXPERIENCED? LTD., aCalifornia corporation; ALAN D. RUBENSTEIN a/k/a ALAN DOUGLAS, and JANE DOE RUBENSTEIN, individuallyandthemaritalcommunity thereof; andLEO L. BRANTON III, Defendants 255
SHARON LAWRENCE Inreadingthefullseventy-five-pagelegalcomplaintplusnumerous exhibit attachments, it was amazing to discover the number of offshorecompaniesand tax shelters thatBrantonhad dealingswith orhadpersonallyformed.MichaelJefferyandJohnA.Hillmanwould have been impressed. With its shades of Yameta, it was “déjà vu all over again,” as the hipsters on Sunset Boulevard used to say. The complaintstatedthatJimihaddiedwithoutawill,“leavingnospouse or child,” although his father was certainly aware that two children didexist,whetherhechosetoacknowledgethempubliclyornot. InMarch1994AlHendrix,nowinhismidseventies,satdownfor severaldayswithacoterieoflawyers—hisownandthoserepresenting Branton and his record-producer partner Alan Douglas et al.— andacourtreportertogiveadepositioninthelawsuithehadfiled. Attorney Kirk Hallam, representing defendants including Bella GodivaMusic,Interlit,ElberB.V.,AreYouExperienced?,andAlanDouglas,questionedAlHendrix. MR.HALLAM:
Wereyouawarein1970or’71thatthevalueof
yourson’sestatewoulddependinlargepartuponhow successfulthesalesofJimi’smusicwere? MR. HENDRIX:
No,Ididn’tknowanythingaboutthebusiness
oftheestate. MR.HALLAM:
Soinyourunderstandinginthatperiodoftime,
1970–71,therewasnoconnectionbetweenhowmuch your son’s estate would be worth and how many albumsofJimiHendrix’smusicweresoldinthefuture? MR. HENDRIX:
Ihadnoideawhatwasgoingon.AllIknowisI
inheriteditandthatwasthat. TherewerefewquestionsaskedregardingpreciselyhowtheestatehadcometoAlHendrix—thedefinitionof“inherit”wasatricky subject to be avoided, since Jimi Hendrix had not personally made andsignedawilloranyothersimilarwrittenagreementthatgavehis fatheranybequestwhatsoeverintheeventofhisdeath.However,a 256
Jimi Hendrix friendofAl’s,towhomhe’dloanedsubstantialmoney,significantly overelaboratedinherdepositiontestimonyinherpraiseofAlaswell ashercertaintyofJimi’sintentions. Severaltimesondifferentdaysoftheprocess,assortedlawyers mentionedthatAlHendrixseemed“sleepy”or“rambling”or“tired.” AhandfulofrelativesandfriendsfeltthatJaniehadbeenpushingher father too hard in the coaching and rehearsing process. However, theseconcernedpeoplewerenotallowedtoattendthedepositions. JaniewasonhandasmoralsupportforMr.Hendrix. AnumberofanswersgivenbyAlHendrixinthedepositionprocessconflictedwithknownfactsand/orstatementshehadmadein earlieryearsaboutbothJimiandBranton. Hisdeposition testimony about his relationship and conversations with his son were dotted with inaccuracies and outright falsehoods as he was questioned aboutJimi’schildhoodandhisvisitstoSeattleasastar. Thedepositionsbecameasoapoperawithinasoapoperawhen AlHendrixwasaskedaboutatelephonecallfromLeoBranton’swife, Gerry, pleading with him not to terminate her husband. “She also mentioned,” Al Hendrix said, “that there has been some personal thingsinthefilesthatwere—thatwouldhurtLeoaswellashurtmyselfiftheyweredisclosed. . . .”Mrs.Branton,anattractive,personable woman, reminded Al that they had all been good friends and urgedhimtocomedowntoLosAngelesandtalkthingsover. Aldeclaredinhisdeposition,“Shewaspleadingformetocome there. . . . Shesaid,‘Well,Itrustyousomuch.’Shesaid,‘IncaseanythingeverhappenedtoLeo,Iwouldliketohaveyoupresideoverour estate,’ and I just chuckled about that because I told her, I said, ‘I don’tknownothingaboutthislawyeringbusiness. . . .’ ” AllmannerofHendrixfamilydirtylaundrywasairedthroughthe course of the legal proceedings in Seattle. Eleven hundred miles down the West Coast in Los Angeles, another sad situation was unfoldingthatconceivablycouldderailAlHendrix’ssuit. The existence of Jimi’s son had not been widely known in June 1994whenayoungmanfromSwedenarrivedinLosAngeles.Hehad 257
SHARON LAWRENCE changedhis namefromJamesSundquistto JimiHendrixJr.EncouragedbysupportersinSwedenandAmerica,JimiJr.,nowagetwentyfive,hiredalawyerandfiledalawsuitinCaliforniadeclaringthathe wastherightfulheirtotheHendrixlegacy. Itwastragicthatthequietyoungmanwholookedsomuchlike Jimiwasspokenofbythosewithvestedinterestsasmeredirtunder their feet. The unexpected presence of Jimi Jr. on American soil struckfearintoAlHendrix,hisdaughterJanie,LeoBranton,andAlan Douglas. He was gossiped about by people who didn’t necessarily knowthecircumstancesasifhewerenomorethanagreedy,lyinginterloper,whileothersunderstoodthatJimiJr.hadalegitimateclaim totheestateandthat,inhumantermsalone,hedeservedtoberecognizedashisfather’ssonandtobuildsomeself-esteeminsteadof wonderingwhoandwhathewas,asJimihadbeforehim.Animpeccable source recalled, “It was a nightmare for the boy. There had been the prior support-money settlement and some birthday and Christmascardssenttohim.Therewashisremarkableresemblance toJimi.AndnowtherewasJanieHendrixstaringathimasthoughhe wasdirt.Hewasshunnedbytheso-calledfamily.Hefelthumiliated.” EventuallyaCaliforniajudgethrewoutJimiJr.’sclaim.“Thekid never stood a chance,” a New York lawyer familiar with the Seattle suit as well as with Jimi Jr.’s California suit told me. “He’s been up againsttoomuchandtoomany.” However, the young man ultimately received approximately $1.5millioninafinalsettlementfromthefamilycorporationonthe adviceoflawyers.Noonewantedthis“inconvenient”sonofJimi’sto getinthewayoftheirgoodthing.
E
venmusiciansusedtoaudiencesgetshakywhentheyhavetotalk onstage to a huge crowd, but, like her father, Janie Hendrix-
Wrightappearedtoenjoyeveryminuteofthespotlightwhenshear-
258
Jimi Hendrix rived in upstate New York at the Woodstock II festival, in August 1994. After asking Carlos Santana to introduce her, Janie boldly steppedforwardtoaddressacrowdofapproximatelythreehundred thousand people. In everyday life Janie seemed to be just another small, nondescript brunette, but at Woodstock II she was positively glowing. The fans naturally applauded wildly at the mention of Jimi Hendrix,andJanietoldthemhowhardsheandherfatherwereworkingto“getmybrother’slegacybackfromthoselawyers!” Whatwasn’tcleartomostobserverswasthatJaniewasnotrelated to Jimi. Throughout the legal process, she made a number of unlikelystatementstolawyersaboutherrelationshiptoandwithJimi Hendrix. Aside from asserting that Leon was not Al’s true son and thusnotreallyJimi’slittlebrother,shetoldlawyersthatshewasAl’s naturaldaughterandthusJimi’srealsister,showingthemabirthcertificate as “proof.” The state of Washington certificate had been giventohermotheratthetimeofsix-year-oldJanie’s1968adoption byAlanddidnotdifferentiatewithregardtoherbeinganadoptedor abiologicalchild. HerstatementsbegantoseriouslytroubletheSeattlelegalteam representingAlHendrix.Finallyanotherlawyerwashandpickedtosit downwithAlHendrixtoaskseveraluncomfortablequestionsabout Janie’s claims. Al was forthright—“I adopted Janie in 1968.” GenevieveLisaJinkaHendrixWright,aka“JanieHendrix,”hadmetandobserved Jimi Hendrix during four brief encounters when he visited Seattleontourandperformedconcertstheretwicein1968,oncein 1969,andoncein1970—whenshewasbetweentheagesofsixand nine. Just weeks after Janie andher older siblings andtheir mother, June,metJimitherockstarforthefirsttime,JuneurgedAltomove aheadontheadoptionofJanie. Hendrixv.Branton wouldbeajurytrial.Thejudgepresidingover thesuitwasThomasS.Zilly.Foralltheposturingbybothsides,itwas apparentthatsettlementwouldbehighlypreferabletotherisksofa jurytrial.JudgeZillyaskedhisrespectedcolleagueJudgeWillliamL.
259
SHARON LAWRENCE Dwyertomediatethesettlement.A“settlementjudge”actsasaninterpreter;hedoesnotmakerulings.ItwasuptoZillytomakecertain rulings. ItwasagreedthatthetermsofthesettlementbetweenAlHendrix,LeoBranton,andAlanDouglaswouldbekeptconfidential.Ultimately, however, a number of professionals and friends in Seattle, LosAngeles,andNewYorkweremadeawarebyprincipalsinthecase thatBrantonandDouglasallegedlywereallowedtokeepthemillions of dollars they’d each made through the music of Jimi Hendrix. Al Hendrix also had to pay them a considerable amount of money for the rights to Jimi’s music that had been acquired by Alan Douglas throughvarious meansinthepasttwenty years.Douglas possessed boxes and boxes of Hendrix tapes, ranging from dazzling master recordingstounfinishedsongsandbootlegcassettes.HecarvedalucrativecareeroffHendrix,whomhehadneverproducedinJimi’slifetime.Douglasoverdubbed,remixed,andreinventedmaterial,added new musicians, and even gave himself a writing credit on some of Hendrix’ssongsdistributedbyRepriseRecordsandassortedinternationalcompanies.Thesewereamazingpresumptionsforanyonewho claimedtobea“friend”ofJimiHendrix. The federal courthouse in Seattle had never experienced the likes of Hendrix v. Branton, with two tenacious teams of lawyers billing their clients millions of dollars over a period of almost two years and generating a staggering nineteen hundred documents, eachrangingfromonepagetoalmostonehundred. NowitwasAlHendrix’sturntobeinthecatbirdseat.Al,usually withJaniealongside,posedforthecamerasinthesummerof1995. Victory was sweet! “Jimi’s music is back home where it belongs,” Janiesaid.Theybothspokeof“winning”asthoughajudgeandjury had made a momentous decision in which the bad guys had gone downinflamesandGoodhadTriumphed.Theessentialfactthatthe lawsuithadresultedinasettlementandhadnevergonetotrialwas played down. Therewas muchrhetoricabout the“legacy”andhow overjoyedJimiwouldbeaboutthis“victory.” 260
Jimi Hendrix The legal wrangling did not stop there. After the settlements Janie and her husband, Troy Wright, retained other lawyers to take action against Hendricks & Lewis, the firm that had provided more than two years of solid guidance in a difficult and unprecedented lawsuit.TheWrights,withAlHendrix’sblessing,tookissuewiththe sizeofthelegalfees.“TheFamily,”astheynowlikedtobereferredto inpressreleases,alsotooktheirtimeinrepayingtheloanfrombenefactorPaulAllenthathadmadethe“victory”possible. Freetoprofitfromthemusicrightstheyhadacquiredinthesettlement,theHendrixesmadeabetterdealthantheoneBrantonhad originallyagreedto.Thistimetherewouldbenooutrightpurchaseof Jimi’smusic,butratheralicensingdealthatwasrenewableoncethe advance was earned out. It was a great deal, allegedly worth some $40millionforstarters.“AlHendrixhadvirtuallynothingtodowith anyofit,”saysaformerMCARecordsexecutive.“Theoldmancould barelyread.Hewasafigurehead.Hisdaughterpaidthroughthenose for heavy-hitterrecord-businessattorneysto guideherthrough the deal.She’dalsohiredawayafellownamedReedWassonfromthelegalfirmthatwontheSeattlesuitforher.” Janie named the Family’s company Experience Hendrix. Al assumedthetitleofchairmanoftheboard.InSeptember1995AlHendrix sat on a large throne wearing a “royal robe” and a replica of a gold crown on his head at a tribute concert to his son, held in the Memorial Stadium at the Seattle Center’s Bumbershoot Festival. Some members of the audience found the robe, crown, and throne ensemble an embarrassment, but Al enjoyed it, and he felt good aboutplayingtheroleofsurrogateJimi.Asmanyotherscheered,Al, savoringeverymomentofthespectacle,wavedandsmiledwidely.In theyearssincehisson’sdeath,hehadcometorelishsoakingupthe limelight, receiving rounds of applause, and meeting Jimi’s famous friendsandadmirers,whotelephonedtopaytheirrespectswhenever they came through Seattle. Rather oddly, he seemed to invent new dialoguebetweenJimmytheyoungboyandhimself—“Isaidtohim, ‘Jimmy,ifyou’regonnaplayguitar,you’dbetterbeanoriginal.’Igave 261
SHARON LAWRENCE him a lot of suggestions.” Those who had known Al for many years wondered where these new memories were coming from, and they concluded that it was Janie who’d been encouraging and “helping” herfathertotakemorecreditforhis“accomplishments.”Justasshe was concerned about cleaning up Jimi’s image, she desired that Al projectapastinwhichhehadbeenadedicatedsinglefatherraising his boy and also providing a significant inspiration and influence in thedevelopmentofJimi’smusicalcareer.Shealsohiredapublicistto aidinperpetrating herneedtobelieveand have othersbelievethat shewasrelatedbybloodtoAlHendrixandhisfamousson,Jimi.Janie wantedtheworldtoknowthat“mybrotherandIwereveryclose.” TheFamily’sgoodfortunecontinuedwitharenewedworldwide interestinJimiandhismusic.CablemusicchannelVH1begantofocusonJimiHendrixinthemid-andlatenineties.“He’sthegreatest musicianthatrockandrolleverproduced,”sumsupBillFlanagan,a former journalist with a thorough understanding of popular music. TheseniorvicepresidentandeditorialdirectorofVH1,Flanaganwas directlyresponsibleforaHendrix“LegendSpecial”thathasbeenrun and rerun many times,excitingnewgenerations of music buffsand turning them on to Jimi. Flanagan brought airings of Monterey Pop andJimi’s1969appearanceonTheDickCavettShow toVH1. “Musicgoesincycles,”hesays.“Intheninetiestherewerealot ofkidswhofellinlovewithrockforthefirsttime.Therewasafocus on Seattle and electric guitar. That meant bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam and, of course, Jimi.” Larry King, a veteran of more than seventeenyearsattheTowerRecordsSunsetBoulevardstoreinWest Hollywood, California, is an expert on retail record, CD, video, and DVD sales. He says, “Two things were particularly helpful in establishing Hendrix’s longevity as an artist. Generally speaking, the tragedy of his early death and all that promise being lost created a senseofsomeoneverypreciousmissinginmusic.Specifically,there have been two movies that opened many eyes, mine included, to Hendrix. What a showman he was! Monterey Pop made us all want moreandmoreJimi.InthegiganticlineupofthemovieofWoodstock, 262
Jimi Hendrix Hendrixwasacolossus—hejustrodeoverthatstagelikeheownedit. Therehavebeencountlessshowingsofthesefilmsontelevision,and thoseimages,alongwiththeCDrevolution,havemadeJimiunforgettable. Even though he is gone, his talent continues to speak for itself.” At the Virgin Megastore on the Sunset Strip, a young woman sales manager said admiringly of Janie Hendrix, “She’s really something!ImaginegettingtorunJimi’scompanyandmakeallthedecisions.She’sshowingthatwomencancutitintherecordbusiness.I see the sales figures, so I know how great she’s doing. And the big plus she’s got going for herself is all the television screenings of movieswithJimiHendrix.They’relikefreecommercialsforHendrix CDs.”
I
n1996MonikaDannemanntelephonedmeforthefinaltime.Ifelt instantly furious when I picked up the telephone and heard her
softlysay,“It’sMonika.”Howcananyonemanagetoputsadnessbehind when there’s always some creep unexpectedly bringing it all backintofocus?Whatcouldshepossiblywantnow?Hadsheforgotten the legal warning she’d instructed her solicitors to issue? How couldshepossiblythinkIwouldconsiderherafriend?Shestartedin, oncemorepushingherdesirethatIshould“comeandvisit. . . . Ireally needtotalktoyou.Canyoucomenextweek?” Icouldn’tbelievemyears.I’dhadenoughofher,andIletloose. “Idon’twanttoeverseeorspeaktoyouagain.You’vetoldtoomany lies through too many years. How can you possibly believe I would wanttobeyourfriend?” Shebegantostammeratthevehemenceofmytone.“Oh,isthis ab-b-badtimetot-t-talk?” I felt somehow that things had gone terribly wrong for Monika and that she was in some kind of trouble. But I didn’t care, and I didn’twantdetails.“You helpedtokillafriendofmine.Youshowed 263
SHARON LAWRENCE norespecttoJimiHendrix.Helaythereinlayersofhisownvomitfor hours,andyou lethimdie.” Icouldhearmyselfyellingintothetelephone,andIfeltshocked by my own anger. “You could have called a doctor. An ambulance. Thepolice. Thehotelmanager.Butyou didn’t. Theverynext morning, you told me what happened. But you didn’t tell me everything! When he was choking, gasping for breath, did you pour red wine downhisthroat? Therewasalongpause.ItookastabatsomethingI’ddiscussed with Jack Meehan after his conversation with the coroner and had subsequentlypuzzledoverforyears.“Iknow youdid,”Isaid. “It was all untidy. He was messy. I thought it would help,” Monika haltingly explained. I could just imagine her running off to washherhandsbecausethedyingmanwas“untidy.” “You madeitallworse.” Sheletoutaseriesofhystericalshrieks,butshedidnotdenymy words. I kept at her. “You could have gotten help that would have savedhim.Butyou madeachoice,andyou havebeenlyingaboutall ofiteversince.”Monikawassobbingnow,butshemanagedtointerrupthersobstosay,“Stop!You’regoingtogivemeaheartattack.” “That’s an impossibility!” I yelled. “You have no heart. No conscience.YoubarelyknewJimiHendrix,andyoulethimdie.” “No!” “Youandyoursickcharade,”Isaid,quietingdown.Ihadnever spokentoanotherhumanbeinglikethatbefore. Shewasquiet,too.Thesobshadvanished. “Don’t you ever telephone me or contact me in any way ever again.Youareacruelandterribleperson.Andagoddamnedliar!” Monika Dannemann moaned into my ear on the telephone; it was terrible to hear. Finally she said, “I am sorry. Believe me, I am sorry.”Icouldn’tlistentoanotherword.Ihungup,andtwodayslater Itooktheadviceoffriendsandchangedmytelephonenumber. Through the years Kathy Etchingham, Jimi’s first London girlfriend,hadneverboughtintoMonika’sassortedconcoctionsofthe 264
Jimi Hendrix “Jimi I knew” or her assorted tales of Jimi’s death. In the nineties Etchingham conducted her own private investigation of the woman from Düsseldorf,Germany, and late in 1993 she askedthe authorities to reopen the investigation of Jimi’s death. Scotland Yard’s inquiryprovedinconclusive. Monikacontinuedtomakeslanderouscommentsaboutothers, includingNoelRedding.Mostunwisely,shemadeaseriesoffalseaccusations to journalists about Kathy Etchingham, and Kathy took MonikatocourtinApril1996overherallegations.Thejudgeruledin Kathy’sfavor,andMonikawasalsofoundguiltyofcontemptofcourt. TheEnglishpresshadcoveredthestory,andMonika’shouseofcards hadtoppleddown.Shewasdistraughtoverthispublichumiliation. Severaldaysafterthejudge’sruling,Monikaattachedahoseto theexhaustpipeofhershinyMercedes.Shesealedthecarwindows tightandsatdownatthewheelandturnedontheengine.Apparently the last thing she did as she began to lose consciousness was to switch offtheengine. She was found deadinherfume-filled car on April5,1996. It took several years for me to bring myself to visit a public library and spend fifteen minutes looking through Monika’s 1995 book containing forty-five full-color paintings of Jimi or allegedly “inspired”byJimi,plusmind-bogglingtext.Thentherewerethephotographs of Monika grieving at his Seattle grave, and with Al, June, andJanieHendrix,akathe“CleanUpJimi’sImage”brigade.Jimi’sfather even offered words of endorsement, including the “fiancé” riff thatwouldcertainlyhavestartlednumerousyoungladieswhoknew Jimiinthelastyearofhislife.Onanearlypageofthebook,amessage fromAlHendrixdeclares:“Towhomitmayconcern . . . Iwouldliketo statethatmysonJimiHendrixwasengagedtoMonikaDannemannand that they planned to get married. All those slanderous stories written aboutMonikaregardingmysonarefalse. . . .” EventhoughAlHendrix neverheardfromhissonagainafterJimi’slastperformanceinSeattle in late July 1970, he chose to agree to the above words written for himinDannemann’sbook. 265
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A
lHendrixandJanieflewtoLondonfromSeattleinJuly1996;it wasthefirsttriptoEnglandforbothofthem.Eachhadbought
a new wardrobe for the business trip. Al felt ill at ease in a strange country; some of the food mystified him, and Janie had a difficult timekeepinghimoutofthehotelbar.TheywereinEnglandonamission: Janie had arranged for an appointment with Jimi’s friend and onetimemanagerandproducerChasChandler.Shewasdetermined to buy the early Experience tapes that Chas had in his possession. Themeetingcouldn’tanddidn’thappen,becauseChasdiedonJuly 17atNewcastleGeneralHospital,wherehewasundergoingtestsrelated to an aortic aneurysm. Bryan James “Chas” Chandler was a popularmaninEngland,andhisearlydeathattheageoffifty-seven cameasagreatshocktohisfriends.Thelosswasdevastatingforhis second wife, Madeleine, a former beauty queen, and their three youngchildrenandcertainlyforSteffan,theadoredsonfromChas’s first marriage to Lotta, the young woman who had been so kind to Jimi,evendowntohelpinghimwashhisclothesasheadjustedtolivinginLondon. Chas’s death put a damper on Janie’s plan to return to Seattle withthetapes;shedecidedthatsheandherfathermustattendthe funeral. Understandably, they were fish out of water, with Al complaininghecouldhardlycatchaclearwordinthenorthernaccentsof Newcastle.Janienetworked,meetingseveralofChas’sfriendswho’d known Jimi, and she made it clear that she “definitely” expected to purchase“mybrother’stapesassoonaspossible.” AfterChashadlefttheExperience,he’dmanagedseveralbands, but the next true success for him after Jimi had been Slade, a huge groupinEnglandintheseventies.Helatertalkedaboutneverhaving received much of anything to show for his youthful years as bass playerfortheAnimalsanditwasagreattriumphforhimtobecomea wealthyman.ChasandIhadalwaysbeenveryopenwitheachother; therewasalongperiodwherewewereoutofcontact,butintheearly 266
Jimi Hendrix ninetiesweranintoeachotherinLondon.Wespentfourhourstalking nonstop over a lavish lunch in Mayfair. Chas told me about his planstodevelopamajorsportsandentertainmentcomplexinNewcastle. The enthusiasm in his voice and the confidence in his pale blueeyestoldmethatitwascertaintobeasuccess.FromwhatChas said,thetimingwasjust rightforthearenahewasenvisioninginpartnership withanoldfriend. Iwas happyforhim.Mainly,though,we spokeofHendrix.Chaswasso“overthemoon”tohaveanopportunitytorelivethedaysandnightswhenhefirstgottoknowJimithat hisGeordieaccentkeptgettingthickerandthicker.IfeltasIlistened thathismemoriesofbringingaguitarvirtuosotoLondonandseeing all the musicians they both revered falling at Jimi’s feet had given Chandlermorehappinessinretrospectthanhefeltaboutanyother partofhiscareerinmusic.Hetoldmethathewasmiserableaboutall that he knew of how the estate was handling the songs that he and Jimi had worked on together. Softly, he thanked me, “for your loyalty,”andhuggedme.IwishI’dbeenabletoseehimagain.
O
n September 14, 1997, after much campaigning by Kathy
Etchingham, English Heritage unveiled one of its famous “blue
plaques” outside the Brook Street flat where Jimi Hendrix had so briefly lived in 1968. These sought-after plaques have long marked historicsitesintributetopeoplewho’vehavemadeasignificantcontributiontotheUnitedKingdom’sculturalheritagethroughthecenturies.Jimiwasthefirstrockstarevertobememorializedinthisway. His ardent admirer and friend Pete Townshend of the Who spoke warmlyandatlengthofHendrix,callinghim“atranscendentalartist becauseheseemedtocreatelightonthestageandwiththemusic.” Agreatcrowdoffansandmusiciansfilledthestreet,cheeringtheir latehero. A fewfeetaway, watchingthe proceedings,wereAl Hendrix and his daughter Janie, who blatantly bad-mouthed the event andKathyEtchinghamtoattentivemembersofthepress.Itwasquite 267
SHARON LAWRENCE aslapinthefacetofriendsandadmirersgatheredtocelebrateJimi. In 1998 Janie Hendrix was to be reminded that she wasn’t the onlyonewhohadrightstoJimiHendrix’smusic.Theever-vigilantEd ChalpinofPPXEnterprisescontinuedtohavehisownissuesabouthis rights. He filed suit in New York against MCA, Leo Branton Jr., Alan Douglas,AreYouExperienced?Ltd.,ElberB.V.,andExperienceHendrix, L.L.C. Chalpin wanted his own piece of the pie, but he fared poorlyintheoutcome.However,hewouldreturn.
W
hile Janiecontinuedtoworkon“sanitizing” Jimi’ssex, drugs, androckandrollimage—goingasfarasbuyingupeverypossi-
blephotographandnegativeofhimandhavingcigarettesandanyaccompanyingsmokeairbrushedout—hermotherlayonherdeathbed. Afterseveralsiegesofillnessinassortednursinghomes,AyakoFujita JinkaHendrix,generallyknownasJune,diedonAugust20,1999,at the age of seventy-nine. Several years before her death, she’d told both friends and strangers that “a long time ago, Janie used to be a sweetlittlegirl.NowIamashamedofher.”Linda,herbrotherWillie, andhersistersMarshaandDonnawereraisedbytheirfather,Satoshi Jinka, when June left the family. She had become involved with anotherman,ofEuropeandescent, and,outofwedlock,gavebirth to Janie. Her older children didn’t see their mother or meet Janie for several years. June became Al Hendrix’s wife in1966, and although Janie’s real father was alive, June encouraged Janie to think of Al as Dad, even though the marriage got off to a rocky start and was a union filled with arguments. The obituaries and news reports focused,asoneheadlinehadit,on“JUNE”HENDRIX,JIMI’S STEPMOM. ThespinthathadcomeintoplaysinceJimi’sdeathkeptincreasing in the years since Al Hendrix won his big settlement. Janie and “herpeople”madecertainthattheobituariespaintedaportraitofa strong,closefamily,eventhoughthefactshaddisputeditforsome time.JuneandAlhadlong livedapart,and hehadacquiredatleast 268
Jimi Hendrix one“specialfriend,”butnow,onthissadoccasion,readerswereable topictureagrievingwidower.LeonHendrix,whoinhisyoungeryears had lived with his father and June and her daughter Janie, was not mentioned,buthisbrotherJimiwasafocalpoint,takingprecedence overJuneFujitaJinkaHendrix’sfourolderchildren.Itwasmentioned thatJunehadlovedJimi’ssong“PurpleHaze”andfrequentlydressed inpurplefromheadtotoe.“FoxyLady”wasplayedatherfuneral.The obituariesdidnotnotehowbriefheracquaintanceshipwithJimiactuallyhadbeen.
A
sthecenturydrewtoanend,JanieHendrixspentlonghourson thetelephone,inbusinessmeetings,andfleshingoutanexotic
rangeofideascalculatedtokeepJimiHendrix’snameinthemarketplace. She had encouraged her father to publish his own book, My SonJimi. JasObrecht,arespectedprofessionaljournalist,washiredas “cowriter,” and while Al Hendrix’s memory was often shaky, Janie provided forceful guidance behind the scenes. The book contained factualerrorsandmisstatements,accordingtofansandsomefamily members,andtherevisionisthistoryapparentlyfocusesmoreonAl andhisfamilybackgroundthanitdoesonJimi. The self-published book, however, did not bring in anything close to the substantial money that came from Reebok, to whom Janie licensed Jimi’s classic song “Are You Experienced?” for a sneaker commercial. On the record front, Janie toiled tirelessly preparingand“producing”afour-CDTheJimiHendrixExperience box set. Some of the recordings came from the tapes that the late Chas Chandler hadprotected for solong.Janiepurchasedthe tapes from Chandler’s second wife for $2 million, a sum she paid grudgingly. Still, she was ecstatic; it was as though she had claimed the crown jewels.Janiewasconvincedthattheworldwouldviewherboxsetas amasterpieceandatriumphforExperienceHendrix. Janietoldthepressthatshewasintheprocessoffindingamore 269
SHARON LAWRENCE suitable place for Jimi’s remains. She proposed to construct a large purpleedificeatthecemetery,whichfamilyandfanscouldenjoyvisiting.FanshadnotroublefindingHendrix’sgrave.“Allyouhavetodo is follow a trail of beer cans and cigarette butts,” writer Tony Paris said, “left by some of Jimi’s sloppier admirers.” His gravestone had beenstolenseveraltimes,untilAlHendrixwasfedupwithspending themoneytoreplaceit.Janieurgedthepublictomakefinancialdonationsforherpurplemausoleum,buttherewasenoughofanoutcry throughoutthecityagainstherideathatsoonenoughherplanvanishedintothinair. Inthepastsevenyears,Janiehaddeterminedlyworkedonreinventing Jimi, reinventing her father, and dramatically changing her ownlife.Nowshe wastheonewhowassittingpretty.
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN
2000–2004: Wealth, Power, and Reflected Glory
A
swemovedintothebeginningofanew
millennium,JimiHendrix’smusiccontinuedtosellaroundtheworld, despitethefactthattheguitaristhadbeendeadforthirtyyears.As historiansandcriticsassessedvariedgenresofmusicofthetwentiethcentury,thewords“legendary”and“immortal”werefrequently attachedtoJimi’sname. Janiefedonthesedescriptions.Relativesandformerclassmates sawincreasingchangesinhermanner,hertoneofvoice,andhernew sensethatsomehowshewasarareandspecialhumanbeing—a“superstar,” if you will. She often listed her name as producer of Jimi Hendrix “product,” emanating from her Experience Hendrix company, for which she paid herself six-figure fees. After her divorce from Troy Wright, Janie made a legal adjustment to the surname of her four young sons. They were henceforth to be referred to as Hendrix-Wright. Those who did business with her began to notice that Janie had made changes to her signature; now it seemed to be strangelyimitativeofthesignatureofherlate“brother.” President and CEO Janie operates from a spacious, expensively
SHARON LAWRENCE decoratedsuiteonherexecutivefloorinafineofficebuildingadjacent to a major Seattle freeway. She supervises a staff of ten, plus right-handman,vicepresidentBobHendrix,whosomeCentralDistrict natives laughingly refer to as “Janie’s token genuine Hendrix,” and who previously had worked in warehouse management at Costco. Bob is the son of the late Frank Hendrix, Al’s brother. The othermanwhoreallycountsforJanieislawyerReedWasson,herpersonalandbusinesscounselsincethe1995victory.Additionally,Janie haslawyersonretainerinNewYork,LosAngeles,andLondon.Many ofJanie’smeetingsareheldinaprivateroomwhereparticipantssit aroundaconferencetablewithatopthatfeaturespurplevelvetunder glass. An array of photographs of Jimi decorate the entire floor, along with carefully selected images of Al Hendrix. Autographed celebrityphotosarealsopartoftheexecutiveatmosphere. Although Janie has assured journalists that at Experience Hendrix “marketing is secondary,” the “catalog headquarters” take up yet another entire floor of the building. The fulfillment department handles worldwide orders for some 650 items bearing the name or image of Jimi Hendrix, ranging from golf balls, boxer shorts, and “Road Rage” air freshener, to a book of Hendrix lyrics personally signedbyJanieHendrix.Shehasproducedalimitededitionofoneof Jimi’schildhooddrawingsandtitleditThePrayer, thoughthecolorful artdoesn’tappeartohaveanyconnectionwithprayingorreligion.A smallprintsellsfor$600.Shockingly,shealsosellsaT-shirtemblazonedwithareplicaofJimi’shandwritingdisplayingthelastwordshe everwroteinthattroubledpoemduringtheearlyhoursofthedayhe died. ThiscrassandcrazycatalogappearstoindicatehowJanieHendrixpersonallysumsupthepowerandgloryofJimiHendrix. AnExperienceHendrixbusdubbed“RedHouse”hastouredthe UnitedStates,seemingatfirstaninventivetraveling“Jimimuseum.” MusicianDaveRabinowitztellsofseeingthebigbuspullintoBoston: “Icouldn’twaittogoinsideandcheckitout.ThereweresomephotosofJimiandacoupleofgoldrecordsandthenallthismerchandise, 272
Jimi Hendrix prettytackystuffforthemostpart.Innowaywasitamuseum;itwas astore.ItmademesadtoseeHendrixexploitedthisway.” WhatwouldparticularlyhorrifyandangerJimiHendrixhimself, someofhismostsensitivefansbelieve,areCDsoftherecordingshe madewithsuchgreatcareandconcernthatnowbearagoldsealon thecoverthatreads APPROVED
BY THE HENDRIX FAMILY
or AUTHORIZED
HEN-
DRIX FAMILY EDITION. Several of the recordings issued by the Hendrix
Family contain “takes” Jimi never approved and in fact didn’t consideruptohisstandards. Janie’sbigmusiccouphasbeenthereleasein2000ofTheJimi Hendrix Experience, which has sold in a consistent pattern nationally and internationally since its unveiling. Critics and fans speak enthusiastically of this classy CD package, with some referring to it—fulfillingJanie’shope—asa“masterpiece.”DespiteJimi’sownsupervision on most ofhis tracks and his dedicated, evolvinggrowth intherecordingstudio,Janie’susualproducercreditisemblazoned ontheboxset. Anotherproducercredit isgiventooneofherstaff members,writerJohnMcDermott,whonevermetHendrixandwas neverinarecordingstudiowithhim.EddieKramer,whoengineered numerous, but not all, Hendrix sessions and certainly knew more than most about the sound and approach Jimi was going for in the studio,roundsoutthetrioofproducers. Steve Rodham, editor and publisher of the England-based Jimpress fanzine,believesthattheboxset“hassomestunningmoments” butsays,“Forhard-corecollectorsthebestthingExperienceHendrix has done is to introduce the Dagger label releases of official bootlegs.”
I
n June 2000, at a cost of $250 million, Microsoft billionaire Paul AllenofficiallyopenedhispetprojectbysmashingartistDaleChi-
huly’sglass replicaofa Fender Stratocaster guitar andsmilingly de-
creeing, “Let the Experience begin!” Seattle didn’t know what to 273
SHARON LAWRENCE make of the Experience Music Project. Initially it had been inspired by Allen’s admiration for Jimi Hendrix. He’d hired the worldrenownedarchitectFrankO.Gehrytodesignthebuildingthatwould sitatthefootoftheSpaceNeedle.Asconstructionwaswindingup, Seattle residents wrote local newspapers to offer comments, most alongthelinesof,“Thisisahugefiasco.”VIPguestsfromHollywood andNewYorkattendingAllen’sfancyblack-tie“pre-opening,”many of whom knew their art and architecture, seemed to admire the buildingorsotheysaid. AlHendrixandhisdaughterattendedyetanotheropening.Their relationshipwithAllenappeared,asJaniesaid,“cordial.”Butthemedia, Janie’s employees, and many of the Experience Music Project staff knew that she felt competitive with Allen when it came to the late Jimi Hendrix. Despite the huge financial favor Allen had done Janie and Al in the lawsuit days of the midnineties, Janie refused to loanAllenanyofthemotleyassortmentofJimi’schildhoodartifacts thatAlhadkept,stuffedinboxesandfoldersalongwithvariousother remainders and reminders of the numerous moves he’d made throughtheyears.“Mydadnevergetsridofanything,”Jimi’sbrother Leonhadtoldmeyearsback.“He’sapackrat.Hekeepsallkindsof junk.Luckily,he did keepJimi’s thingsfromgrowingup. Andmine, too.” Al, however, did sell several items of clothing Jimi had worn duringhisfametoeagercollectors. When the public was finally allowed entrance, one fellow declaredthatthebuilding’sexterior“callstomindasquashedsoftdrink can.”Othersechoedthesentiment.Still,youcan’tpleaseeveryone, and this “EMP,” as it’s known, has brought pleasure and entertainment to visitors from all over the world, especially those who love JimiHendrixspecifically,orwhoaremusicloversgenerally,or,inparticular,tochildrenwhoarefascinatedbytheinteractivetechnology offeredinside. “The Man”ishowmanyofthemusicloverswhotourEMPreferto Jimi.“Coolestofthecool”isadescriptionoftenheardthere,especially from other guitar players or women who think Hendrix is “totally 274
Jimi Hendrix sexy.”VisitorsgazeinaweatsuchitemsasHendrix’sblackhat,hisembroideredsilkkimono,andseveraloftheexoticbraceletshecollected. Guitarsaretobefoundinabundance,particularlyinthelobby,where aneye-catchingtoweroffivehundredguitarsisafocalpoint. PaulAllenevenhashisown“SkyChurch,”quiteunlikeJimi’s“Skychurch.”WhileJimienvisionedanoutdoorenvironmentforhismusical friends only, Allen’s concept, which works well for him, is an impressiveindoor concertstageinaspacewithanextremelyhighceiling, adjoining the lobby, that can accommodate hundredsofpeople. Justlookingatit,youknowthatthesoundandlightingmustbeworld class.Onthedownsideisthe$19.95ticketpriceforentrytothemany displays.MostSeattleresidents,especiallykidsfromtheCentralDistrict, have never entered EMP. “Too rich for our blood,” a group of fourteen-year-old African-American boys told me. “Twenty bucks is hard to come by.” Perhaps eventually Paul Allen and his EMP executiveswillestablisha“localsday”ortwoeachyear,followingtheleadof suchpopulardestinationsastheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.
T
hefallandwinter2001artcalendarinPariswasrichandrewarding, full of myriad and diverse high-quality exhibitions. The
GrandPalaisfeaturedahomagetoPabloPicassoandHenriMatisse,a veritable sensory explosion pinpointing the marvelous growth and rangeofthesetwobrilliantartists.Afewblocksawayontheruede RivoliattheMuséedelaModeetduTextileofthePalaisduLouvre, visitorsstoodinlinetoviewaremembranceofJacquelineKennedy. Across Paris on the avenue Jean Jaurès, Jimi Hendrix was being honored in a comprehensive exhibition. Jimi, I’m quite sure, would thinkofitasextraordinarythatapresentationfocusedonhim would takeplaceinParis,oneofthegreatcapitalsoftheworldandthecity that had so impressed him thirty-five years earlier. Not to mention being honored at a time when Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and JacquelineKennedy—allpeopleheadmired—werebeingcelebrated. 275
SHARON LAWRENCE ItwasEmmaLaVigneofLaCitédelaMusique,theculturalcomplexthatencompassesbothclassicalmusicthroughthecenturiesas well as contemporary music, who came up with the idea to honor Hendrix.TheFrenchhadnotforgottenthatJimiandtheExperience got their start in France. Ms. LaVigne queried the Experience Music ProjectinSeattleaboutlendingCitédelaMusiqueavarietyofHendrixitems.ThecuratorsatEMPfelthugeexcitementaboutmakinga connection with such a prestigious venue and were cooperative in numerous ways. The event also seemingly enabled EMP and Janie Hendrixtomendafewfences.ThisincludedJanie’slendingsomeof herfather’s“Jimistuff”forexhibitioninParis;shelaterallowedthese artifactstofinallybeshownatEMPinSeattle.AspresidentandCEO of Experience Hendrix, Janie jetted to Paris early in the planning stagestoensure,aParistelevisionjournalisttoldme,“thatthisplace andthesepeopleknewwhattheyweredoing.”Headded,“Iwonderif JanieHendrixhaseverconsideredhowveryluckyshewastobeassociatedwithsomanyprofessionals oftasteandknowledgeinFrance whoworkedsotirelesslytohonorJimi.” EMP“bigboss,”PaulAllen,contributedasizablesumofmoney toward the French exhibition, which included prominent billboards placed throughout Paris. Allen’s immense wealth has transformed the shy Seattle native and self-proclaimed “computer nerd” into a jet-setterwhoownsfabulousvillas,privatejets,andayachtandwho enjoys mingling with film and music stars, often hosting lavish junkets and parties so that he can meet everyone from Mick Jagger to ClintEastwood.However,atthegalaOctoberopeningeveningreception of the Hendrix exhibition in Paris, Allen was nowhere to be found.JanieHendrixhadthespotlighttoherself. I attended the Hendrix show weeks later on a cold December day, peering out of the taxi as it arrived at La Cité de la Musique to watch a gathering of Parisians admiring a poster of Jimi. Sentimentally,Iwonderedifanyofthemhadseenthebutterflywithaguitarin allhisgloryattheOlympia“backintheday.” Itwastheguestbookinthefoyeroftheexhibitionthatgotme. 276
Jimi Hendrix Scores of French admirers as well as visitors from other European countriesandtheUnitedKingdomhadtakenthetimetowritedown cherished memories and loving tributes to Jimi. A group of schoolchildren and I walked through together, inspecting five or six small roomsof“Jimimemorabilia.”Anoisyroomwiththedoorclosedfeaturedafilmandlightshow.Itookapeekinside;theonlythingmissing from that sixties feel was the scent of marijuana! The kids chuckledastheylookedatseveralboyhooddrawings,includingone of a cool youngElvis Presleyinaredjacket.ItemsofJimi’sclothing were displayed in special cases; the last time I’d seen one of the shirts,Jimihadbeenwearingit.Itfeltweirdandunsettlingtoviewhis clothes.He’doncecasuallysaidtome,inoneofourfar-rangingconversations,“Youknow,themoonisadeadservant.”Ithoughtofthat interestingphrasenow,lookingattheseitemsofapparel.ButIhadto laughwhenIcameuponapairofcheapstripedpantshe’dboughtin Londonin1967;Jimihadhatedthemandtossedthemoutassoonas hecouldaffordbetterones.SubsequentlyPaulAllenhadpurchased thepantsatauctionformanythousandsofdollars.Projectedblackand-white photos flashed on a wall—Jimi as a child, some showing him full of energy and one haunting shot wherehe was a picture of alienated unhappiness. Leon was shown once; his father, Al, many times.Janieasachild,ofcourse.Then,bysomemiracle,animageof Jimi’smother,Lucille,appeared,aflowerinherhair.Ihadneverseen thisphotographbefore,butJimihaddescribedittome—“It’smyfavoritepictureofmymother.IhopeIcangetacopyofit.”Thehandwrittenlyricsonhotelstationerygavemeajolt.ThelasttimeI’dseen those pages was when Jimi had handed them to me in Los Angeles andNewYork—“Whatdoyouthink?Behonest!Isitgoodwriting?” In Paris five different people told me of Janie Hendrix’s arroganceandcontrol-freakbehavior.Iwasshownaletterreceivedbya devotedfanofJimi’s,aFrenchmanwhowastooyoungtohaveseen Jimiplaybutwhospokeofhimas“themanwhochangedmylife.”He hadwrittentoJaniewithanideaofwhathewouldliketodotohonor Jimi; it involved the participation of Paul McCartney. Her scathing, 277
SHARON LAWRENCE high-handedreplymentioned“SirMcCartney”atleastfivedifferent times. The letter made it clear in no uncertain terms that the fan shouldnotandcouldnotpursuetheideaandthatthisnobodymust not attempt to contact “Sir McCartney.” Her words and tone were cruel and insulting. I gazed at the “Experience Hendrix” logo at the top of the page, featuring Jimi’s face. I thought about how Jimi and Paul had respected each other, about how kind in how many ways McCartney had been to Jimi and the Experience. I remembered the delightin Jimi’s voiceas herecounted howhe’d admiredacustommadejacketMcCartneywaswearingandthattheBeatlehadinsisted Jimi should have it. “It even had his initials inside!” Jimi declared. I alsothoughtofJimi’sappreciationofParisandthewarmthhehadalwaysshownhisfans. Three days later I attended “Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years,” a touring exhibition assembled with grace and integritybyfinecuratorsunderthesupervisionandlovingeyeofCaroline Kennedy Schlossberg for the John F. Kennedy Library and MuseuminBoston.Thiswasabeautifullyassembleddisplayoffashion,charmingartandsketches,handwrittenlettersanddetailsofthe White House restoration by America’s beloved first lady; it showed her heart, her mind, her original style. The French, despite the rain thatSunday,turnedoutenmasse,withvisitorsdrivingortakingthe train to Paris just for this exhibition. It had two things in common withtheHendrixtribute:Thevisitorswerequietandrespectful,and the guest-book messages here, too, were filled with love. For both Jimi and Jacqueline, hundreds of men and women had inscribed touchingsentiments.Thecommonthemewassimply“Wewillnever forgetyou.”
J
anieHendrixfellinlovewithanattractiveblackvocalistandguitar player,SheldonReynolds,whobecameknownforhisworkwiththe
CommodoresandlaterwithEarth,Wind&Fire.Thecouplemarried 278
Jimi Hendrix inarelativelysmallbutlavishmarriageceremonyinHawaii.Talkcirculated around Seattle that Janie had presented her new husband withalargecashweddinggift.EvenbeforeSheldonleftEarth,Wind& Fire,thenewMrs.ReynoldshadaddedherhusbandtotheExperience Hendrixpayroll. Juggling the time-consuming business of Jimi Hendrix with her roleasmotherandnewbride,Janie’sschedulebecameincreasingly hectic.Shehadlesstimetodropbyandseeherfather,andwhenshe did find time to be alone with him, the conversation tended to be aboutassortedlegalsituations.Itwasneverasecretwithinthefamily orinhisneighborhoodthatAlHendrixhadproblemswithalcoholas well as with an ongoing heart condition. “Sometimes he’d feel depressedandevendownrightlonely,”aformerneighborintheSkyway residential area, recalled. “Then there were days when fans would knockatthedoorandtreathimreallynice,veryrespectfulandall.If hewereinagoodmood,Alwouldinvitetheminandshowthemwhat helikedtocall‘Jimi’sBedroom,’asortofashowcaseofpostersand pictures,abigbed,evenapackofcigarettesonthenightstand.Alittlestrangereally,becausealthoughitwasJimiHendrix’smoneythat paidforthehouse,hewasalreadydead.FromwhatJunehadtoldme, JimitherockstarwasonlyeverintheirplaceintheCentralDistrict on Seward Parkway.” She also mentioned Al’s assorted girlfriends andthedaughterborntooneofthem.“Alneverdeniedbeingthefatherandputoutquitealotofmoneyforthechildandhermother.” Janie ensured that nurses and medical technicians gave her fatherallpossiblecareduringhospitalstaysandathome,accordingto aSeattlesourcewhovisitedhiminFebruary2002.Hefeltthatwhile Al suffered from what he termed “borderline senility,” he also enjoyedperiodsofgreatlucidity.“Hestillgotrevvedupaboutmoney; hetalkedabouthowrichhewas.Buthealsoseemedtoenjoytelling me about his old gardening days. He told me that he hadn’t really workedinmanyyears.Iwonderedifhemissedthetimewhenhewas incontrolofhislife.Manyelderlypeopledo.Mainly,though,Icame awaythinkingofhimaslonely.” 279
SHARON LAWRENCE ItbecameapparentinMarchthatAlHendrixwasfading.Vigils wereheldforseveralweeks,atJanie’sdirection,andaccordingtotestimonyandcourtrecordsshegaveinstructionsthatLeonwasnotto be advised of Al’s condition or allowed contact with his father. It wasn’tuntilthedaybeforeAldiedthatLeonwasgivenpermissionto visithisfather. FATHER OF GUITAR HERO DIES AT
82—thiswasa headlinein the April
18,2002,issueoftheSeattleTimes.Aswasthecaseinthedeathofhis estrangedwife,June,JamesAllenRossHendrix’sobituarycontained the by-now-customary Janie “spin”: “It was Mr. Hendrix who introducedhissontomusic.” The news story said “poor health forced Mr. Hendrix to retire from his landscaping job in 1979,” some twenty-three years before his death, and that he was “remembered as hard-working and religious.”Janiewasquotedassaying,“WhenpeopleaskedmewhatJimi wouldbeliketoday,Itoldthemtolookatmydad.Jimiwassosweet andsoftspokenandwisebeyondhisyears—justlikemydad.” The story explained that after the settlement of Al Hendrix’s lawsuitagainstLeoBrantonin1995,hetransferredcontrolofJimi’s estate to Janie. Janie was further quoted regarding her adopted father:“Everybodywhomethimwastouchedbyhiskindness.” Surprisingly, although her grandfather refused to publicly acknowledgeheraskinanddidn’twanttohearaboutthe“newfangled” DNAtesting,Tamika,nowathirty-five-year-oldwoman,wasallowed to attend the funeral, where Janie was observed glaring at Jimi’s daughter.Ironically,dayslaterJanieproclaimedtothepress,“Everyone lovedmyfather. Aroundtheworld! He’sjustauniversal granddad!” These statements and her deification of her adopted father wereand continuetobeheartilydebated byarangeofSeattleresidents,somewho’dknowntheyoungJimmyandotherswhothinkof theongoingdramasoftheHendrixfamilyandattachedinternational press coverage as a tacky soap opera that is an embarrassment to Seattle. Local papers handled news involving the Hendrix family after 280
Jimi Hendrix Jimi’s death with kid gloves—although several honorable reporters wereandcontinuetobemadeawarebyawiderangeofsourcesofthe backstory.Theireditorsgracefullyallowedacertainamountofspin, emanating from Al Hendrix and particularly his daughter Janie. It is fairtosay thatthenewspapersweregenerallymorethanhonorable innotdishingthedirtandneverstoopingtotabloidlevelsregarding allegedmisdeedssurroundingJimi’s“reinvention”andtheinfighting ofthefamilyovermoney.ThepoliciesofthemajorSeattlepressdid not significantly change after Al Hendrix’s death. They objectively publishedonlythefacts.Andthelatestfactswerestartling. OnAugust 16, 2002, Leon Hendrix filed a lawsuit in Seattle allegingthathehadbeendeniedhisrightfulinheritancebyhisfather andthatJanieHendrixused“undueinfluence”inoverseeingAlHendrix’swillandlivingtrust,signedbyAlwhileavideographercaptured theevent. LanceLosey,oneofseveralattorneysrepresentingLeon,stated, “WebelievethathadAlbeeninfullpossessionofhisfacultiesandfull possessionofallthefacts . . . hewouldnothavedisinheritedLeonas heappearedtodo.Thebottomlineisthatwebelievethiswillismore thewillofJaniethanitisthewillofAl.” Leon’sonlybequestfromAlHendrixwasagoldrecordtobeselectedbyJanie. In a rebuttal to Leon’s suit, Experience Hendrix stated, “This is the latest attempt of Leon to capitalize on Jimi’s fame and legacy.” Theprincipals,JanieHendrixandLeon’scousinBobHendrix,further commented, “The pleadings reflect the sad story of a man who has mademanybadchoicesinhislife,isunhappywiththenaturalconsequencesofthosechoicesandcontinuestolaytheblameatthefeetof others.” AfterAlHendrixandJaniebeganrollingindollarsfromlicensing JimiHendrixtoMCAinadealworthmanymillions,Alwasgenerous with“hisfamily”whileignoringJimi’smother’sfamily,especiallyDoloresJeterHallHamm.Lucille’ssisterhadbeenconsiderateofAlina varietyofways,bothwhilehewasinthearmyandafterward,when 281
SHARON LAWRENCE he returned and needed a place to stay. Often it was Dolores he turnedtowhenhedidn’thaveajob.She’dfedAlandlookedafterhis twosonsonmanyoccasions.SeveralofJimi’sJetercousinsandother relatives could have used a better living situation and had hopes of being offered a job at Experience Hendrix. No gracious gesture, no helpinghandwasextended.EachtimeAlshowedalackofrespectfor Jimi’s mother’s family, he disrespected Jimi. His Jeter connections matteredtoJimi.EvenattheongoingJimiHendrixexhibitionatEMP inSeattle,withmanyphotosandartifactsloanedbyJanie,theJeter familyisbarelyinevidence.InthematterofAlHendrix’swillandlivingtrust,therewasnobequestforDoloresJeterHallHammorforany othermemberofJimi’smother’sfamily. JaniecontinuedtosnipepubliclyatLeonandagainclaimedthat Leonwasnotthe“natural”sonofAlHendrix.Shetookshotsatthe troubledlifestyleofthelateLucilleJeterHendrix.Whateverthetruth maybe,AlHendrixoftenspokeofLeonashisownson,includingin previouswills. WhatJaniehadnowaytoknowwasthatinthelastmonthsofhis life,JimiHendrixhadspokentomeindetailofthelifehismotherhad lived. In discussing his family relationships, he went as far to say, “There’sagoodchanceAlisn’treallymydad.”Iunderstoodthathe felthurtbyhisfather’sseeinghimaswhatJimitermed“amoneymachine.” Still, I hadalsoseen photographs ofAl Hendrix, andIsaw a certainresemblancebetweenthetwomen. Leon,asJimihadfeared,didnotfarewellundertheshadowofa famousbrother.SeveralyearsafterJimi’sdeath,Leonbecameadruggie.Hislifewentthroughaseriesofupsanddowns.Atonejunction Leonseemedtobefollowinghisfather’searlypath,workingatodd jobs.AsometimefriendofLeon’stoldmethatthereusedtobeajoke thatwent,“WanttomeetJimiHendrix’sbrother?Allyouhavetodois callandorder.”ThiswaswhenLeonwasworkingasapizzadeliveryman.Leonmarriedandeventuallybecamethefatherofsixchildren, buthisfamilylifewasdisruptedwhenhisdrugproblemsescalatedto thepointthathewassenttoprison.Inthe1990sLeonpulledhimself 282
Jimi Hendrix together,enteredrehab,andbegantotakeguitarlessonsandstudy music. Hewasrealisticabout notexpecting tofollow in Jimi’s footsteps.“Ilovemusic,andIworkatiteveryday,practicingandwriting songs,” he told me. “I’ve been clean and sober for more than six years.Ialwayshadastrongcreativeforceinsideme,fromthetimeI wasa littlekid, butit wasn’t encouraged.But now,Iswear, Iamfocused! I hope you’ll listen to my tapes. And you can be honest with me.Iknowthey’regood,maybenotgreat,butgoodenoughthatI’m notashamedtohaveyoulisten.” Many of Leon’s musical and other expenses have been bankrolledbyCraigDieffenbach,whobeganworkingwithhiminthe ninetiesasanadviserandbusinessmanager.Dieffenbachisabright, amiable divorced man with an eight-year-old daughter he adores. Years back, he says he, too, had substance-abuse problems. He workedtoturnhislifearound,eventuallytomakeseveralmilliondollarssellinghisinterestsinSeattleOnline.com,whichhefounded,and through his savvy as a real estate developer in Washington State. Dieffenbachownsseverallargebuildings,andhisassociatessayhe’s aneasytouchwhenhecomesacrosssomeonewithaproblem,even going so far as to pay for serious, necessary, and expensive dental procedures for someone he barely knew. Certainly he’s taken some hugefinancialrisksinhisrelationshipwithLeonHendrix.
I
had seen Billy Cox only a couple of times after Jimi’s death, once
whenheappearedattheWhiskyAGo-GoinHollywood,whenhe
wasplayingbasswithCharlieDaniels’scountrymusicband.InJanuary2003IspokeagainwithBilly,whohaslivedforyearsinNashville. “I don’t really care about the music industry these days,” he said, “and I’m not interested in being on the road. I never liked all that. I hadaroughtimeafterJimidied.”IntheseventiesBillywentbackto college“soIcouldmakealiving.Iturnedmybackonmusic.” ItoldBillythatIhadneverforgottenthelookofpleasureonHen283
SHARON LAWRENCE drix’sfacewhenhetoldmeaboutmeetingCoxearlyin1962atFort Campbell, Kentucky, and that Jimi had always remembered Billy’s firstwordstohim:“You’reverytalented.”IremindedBillythathe’d once declared with certainty that God had “sent Jimi as a special messenger.” “DoyoustillfeelthatwayaboutJimi?”Iaskednow. Billy took his time; I understood that it was painful for him to speakofHendrix,togobackanddredgeup memories thatperhaps he’dtriedtoputto restforhisownpeaceofmind.“Yes,Ido,”Billy said. We talked briefly of Billy’s hurt that he had “not been wanted aroundJimibycertainpeople.”FinallyBillysaid,bothsadlyandbitterly,“Jimiwasundertheassumptionthatifyouwereagoodplayer, people would treat you good. He was taken advantage of over and over.Hewasnaïve.”
N
oel Redding died alone at home in Clonakilty, Ireland, on May 11,2003.Hismother,Margaret,hadpassedawayafewweeks
before. Noel took the loss hard, for she’d always been his staunch supporter,ingoodtimesandbad. Months before, after persistent requests and legal inquiries regardinghisroyalties,theJanieempirehadreluctantlypaidNoelless than £30,000 (which he desperately needed), while millions of dollars poured into the Experience Hendrix coffers. When Noel requestedacopyofthefour-CDboxset,itwassaidthatonewassentto himCOD,withthecostoftheCDsandallpostagedue.Aspokesman forJanielaterdeniedthis.AtawarmandlovingIrishfuneral,dozens oflovelyfloraltributesforNoelwereinevidence.JanieHendrixsent whatwasdescribedas“oneofthetiniestandleastexpensivebunch of flowers ever seen.” Like Experience fans throughout the world, I was very sad when I was told the news. It seemed to me as though Noelhadsimplywornhimselfout.Noel’sfriendandcloseassociate IanGrant,whoheadsanewversionofTrackRecordsinEngland,has 284
Jimi Hendrix hopesthatNoel’sIrishhomewillonedaybeturnedintoamusicmuseum. AdmirersaroundtheworldreactedwithsadnessandsharedpreciousmemoriesoftheJimiHendrixExperienceforweeksandmonths afterNoel’sdeath.Irememberedthatinoneofthelastconversations IeverhadwithNoel,hespokeofhowhenowwishedhe’dbeenmore comfortingtoandsupportiveofJimiwhenthesubjectofEdChalpin had come up. “You know, love, at first I thought it was just Jimi’s problem. But now I see how that cheap little recording contract affectedourbandinsomanywaysforyears.NowIknowallabouthurt anddisillusion . . . disappointment.IwishIhadn’tbeensocaughtup inmyselfthen.IshouldhavegivenJamesabighugmoreoften.” WewerebothontheedgeoftearsasItoldNoelhowterriblyupset Jimi was those last days about the English court proceedings Chalpinhadinstituted.
I
mpulsively,onthemorningofJune11,2003,Ispentanhourtracking down the current New York telephone number of Ed Chalpin,
thesomewhatelusivemusicproducerandpublisher,whohasmadeit apracticetokeepalowprofile.Thedayunfoldedwiththeslynessof a Molière play. I phoned Chalpin’s office and spoke with a polite woman who declared that she was “only a temp” and didn’t really know Mr. Chalpin, that he wasn’t in, and she wasn’t exactly sure whenhewouldarrive.Igavehermynameandnumberandtoldher thatIwaswritingabookandwantedtospeaktoChalpin. Icalledbackanhourlater,andthesamevoiceonthetelephone gavemethe“temproutine”again.Icouldhearaman’svoiceinthe background, and suddenlyIrealizedthatthis routine was undoubtedlystandardprocedureinChalpinland.Hemusthavemanycallers he wanted to avoid. As the woman went through her little “I know nothing”routine,Ihadtolaugh.“Youareawonderful actress,”Isaid. “You’re not a temp. You sound far too savvy! I’ll bet that you’ve 285
SHARON LAWRENCE workedforMr.Chalpinforyears.”She hadtolaugh,too.“Well . . .” shesaid.Sheputmeonholdandcamebackonthelinetoask,“Are youwithWarnerBros.Records?” Iwaspuzzledbythis.“No,I’mnot.” “You’resure?”sheasked. “AsItoldyou,I’mawriter.ThenumberIgaveyouismyphoneat home,hundredsofmilesfromWarnerBros.” Apparentlynowcurious,Chalpinactuallygotonthephonefora fewminutes.Ivolunteeredtofaxhimmypersonalbiographyimmediately so that he could see for himself I had no affiliation with WarnerBros.Heseemedsatisfiedwiththisidea,buthedidnotphone meback,ashe’dsaidhewould.Iwonderedwhy,afteralltheseyears, Chalpin was that nervous about Warner Bros. Records, so I telephonedsourcesinLosAngelesandNewYork.TheytoldmethatalthoughChalpinhadreceived“substantialmoney”fromWarnerBros. since1967,theyhadcontinuedtowarsinceJimi’sdeath. By 3:40 P.M. on the West Coast, I was extremely annoyed that Chalpin had never called me back as promised. Suddenly I rememberedthatheandIhadamutualacquaintance,atoughandpowerful manwhousedtotellme,whileItriednottogiggle,“It’sso lonelyat thetop.You can’timagine.WhenIsitinmyofficeattheendofthe dayallalone,sometimesIcouldalmostcry.” I dialed Chalpin’s number—and bingo! No “temp,” just Ed ChalpinhimselfansweringhisowntelephoneinNewYorkattheend oftheday.Fortwohourshetalked,talked,talkedwhileIlistened,listened,listened.Chalpinwasaspellbindingorator—andoperator.He spunhistale,andatonepointIactuallyfoundmyselfdecidingthat he was the most misunderstood fellow in the record business and thatsomehowJimimusthavegottenitallwrong.AsIrealizedthatI wasbeingsuckered,IthoughtabouthoweffectiveChalpinmusthave beenwhenheofferedyoungJimmythatthree-yearcontractin1965 andhandedhimadollarbill—“Youwanttousemystudio?I’llputyou inasasideman.Sure.Ofcourse!Anytime!” ChalpintoldmethatWarnerBros.“owesmemoney,andthey’re 286
Jimi Hendrix stonewalling.”HetoldmethathehatedAlHendrix’sformerlawyer, LeoBrantonJr.“Thatguybuiltasmokescreenaroundwhathewasup to and had the nerve to paint me as a villain.” He said even worse things about little Janie Hendrix, president and CEO of Experience Hendrix. “Itsoundsasifyoudon’tlikeher,”Isaidfacetiously. “Well,youknowwe’vebeenincourtinEngland,”Chalpinsaid, asiftheentireworldwerekeepingtabsonhisyearsoflitigation.Iwas awarethatExperienceHendrixhadsuedChalpinandhisPPXEnterprises in England the previous year, claiming that he’d breached a 1973agreementwithLeoBrantonconcerningthereleaseofrecordings from Jimi’s time in the studio with CurtisKnight in the midsixties. Experience Hendrix won a partial victory in the English High Courtproceedings,andChalpinhadbeenupsetoverthejudge’sdecisionthathepayalargeportionofthecourtcosts,althoughPPXwas giventherightofappeal. “I’mcallingyouaboutmusic,notlawsuits,”Itoldhim,becauseI justdidn’twanttohearaboutonemoredamnlawsuitinvolvingJimi’s creativity. “One thingI’ll give Janie,”Chalpin said. “Itwas quick-wittedof hertotakeonBranton. . . .”Thoughtheremarkseemedcomplimentary, his tone implied that Janie Hendrix had not heard the last of him. Everyone who’d had dealings with Ed Chalpin understood that he,too,was“quick-witted.” Then he launched a spiel about his “warm relationship” with Jimi.JustasAlHendrixhadgraduallybegunspeakingofhimselfasa major inspiration and influence on Jimi as a musician, Chalpin was nowclaimingthathewastheonewho’dintroducedJimitohispioneering recording techniques. He was charm personified as he told me, “I taught Hendrix about overdubbing. After he was famous, he cameintomystudioanddidsomeworkontherecordsheowedme. Hecouldn’thavebeensweeter.Wehadagoodtime;hewassoenthusiastic.Heevendrewacartoonforme.”PoorJimi,IthoughtasIlistened,rememberinghowhe’dtriedsohardtokeepitallcoolsothat 287
SHARON LAWRENCE thelawsuitswouldcease,sothathismusicwouldn’tsuffer.Chalpin wentonandonaboutJimi,andsuddenlyIheardmyselfinterjecting, “Butthat’s notwhatJimisaid.” Chalpin reacted instantly; his tone of voice was abruptly sharp andclosetostunned.“NotwhatJimi said!Whatareyoutellingme? Didyouknow JimiHendrix?” “Yes,”Isaidcalmly.“Quitewell.” Heaskedfordetails,andbrieflyItoldhimaboutLesPerrin’sintroducingusandtellingme,“Jimicoulduseafriend.”Myimpression wasthatChalpinknewwhoPerrinwasandthatmaybehecouldnow trustmeafterallhisconcernsthatIwasaWarnerBros.spy. “SoyouwereoneofJimi’sgirlfriends?” “Girlfriends came and went,” I said. “I was . . . uh . . . a real friend.” “Afriend,”herepeated.Inatoneofgenuinesensitivity,Chalpin said,“Yes,hewouldhaveneeded afriend.” Now he was really out to charmme. He told me about his wife andhistwoyoungchildrenwholivedinSwitzerland,wherethewife hadotherchildrenbyaformermarriage.EdChalpinwantedtoclear upthatvillainimageBrantonhadgivenhim,hesaid.“Iwantmykids tobeproudofme.”Heaskedmeaboutmythoughtsonwhetherhe shouldhireaPRperson. Hediscussedhisimageasa“litigiouscharacter”andtoldmeof themanypeoplehe’dhadtosuethroughtheyears,“becausethat’s thenatureofthebusiness.”Hemoanedabouthowexpensivelawyers were.Heevenmentionedthathehad“eightyvolumesoflegalpapers todowithHendrix.” EverytimeIfoundmyselfalmostlikingorunderstandinghim,he would come up with comments that were like the sound of chalk screechingacrossablackboard. ChalpintoldmethatheandJimihadplannedtoworkoutasettlementoftheirlegaldifferencesinSeptember1970.Iknewthatthis wasnotatalltrue.IwellrecalledthatChalpinhadahearingsched-
288
Jimi Hendrix uled for the English High Court in September 1970. I asked him for more details of his conversation with Jimi about this alleged settlement.Hehedgedandfinallyadmittedthathehadn’tpersonallyspokentoHendrixonthissubjectandthathehadinfactonlyarrivedin LondononFriday,September18,theverydaythatJimidied.“Isaw the newspaper headlines,” Chalpin commented, “and I said to myself,‘They’vekilledhim!’ ” I wondered as he spoke, Is this the original perpetrator of the “Jimiwasmurdered”conspiracytheorythathasbeenbandiedabout foryears,withnosoundbasis? AndhereisEdChalpinsomethirtyyearslater.LiketheEnergizer Bunny,hekeptgoingandgoingandgoing.Hesoundedrelievedwhen Ichangedthesubject,awayfromthatmiserableSeptember. IaskedhimaboutCurtisKnight,whohadoriginallyintroduced HendrixandChalpinin1965.“Youknow,”Chalpinsaid,“whenCurtis and Monika Dannemann became tight in the seventies, he brought hertomyofficeandsheaskedmetobecomehermanager.” Now, there was an offer that must have been easy to refuse, I thought.“Ahyes,Monika,”Isaid.“Theskatingchampion . . .” He laughed and then surprised me once again. “I used to be a championskater,andIlearnedfromskatingthatitisnotfuntocheat towin,”EdChalpinrighteouslydeclared. I asked him to clear up an amazing rumor I’d been hearing for sometime.“It’sthewildestthing,”Ideclared,“butI’vebeentoldthat you arenowinchargeofMikeJeffery’sestate.” Heproudlyassuredmethatthiswastrue.“WhenJefferydiedin that airplane explosion in 1973, his estate went to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Jeffery. The mother died, and when Jeffery’s father died,theestatewaslefttofourteencharities.IwenttothosecharitiesandsaidthatIcouldhelpthemmakeabiggerprofitontheassets oftheestate.Soyeah,Ihandlethings.” Theoretically, Jeffery and Chalpin had been archenemies while Jimi was alive, and Mike had savvily used Jimi’s fear of and disap-
289
SHARON LAWRENCE pointmentinChalpintoshoreuphispositionasmanagerand“protector.”JefferywouldbeoutragedthatChalpinhaddeliveredthefinal coupdegrâce.
T
hesummerof2003sawthedramaofthesuitsandcountersuits between Leon Hendrix and his father’s adopted daughter Janie
continue. A story in the New York Times circulated across America and around the world. There had been a time when Jimi Hendrix’s name was mentioned in the Times only for his talent. Now it was aboutthemarketingofJimiHendrixairfreshenersandJimiHendrix golfballsandhowmuchhis“sister”wasworthandhowhisbrother wascutoutofhisfather’swill.Asthefamilyfoughtintheglareofthe spotlight, Janie Hendrix, who was so concerned about Jimi’s image, now had her hands full regarding her own. The CNN appearance of Leon and his lawyer on one half of a split screen with Janie and her lawyer on the other half, being interviewed from separate places, shookuplongtimefans.“IloveJimiHendrixforhismusic,”aLondon taxidrivertoldme.“IusedtoqueueoutsidetheclubswhenHendrix livedhere.Iheardhimplaythreetimes,andI’mgladhe’ssomewhere thathedoesn’thavetoseehowhisrelativesarebehaving.”
NEW H ENDRIX M EMORIAL C OULD P LAY TO B IG C ROWDS ROCK I CON’S REMAINS M OVED;L AVISH RENTON P LOT NEARLY F INISHED ThiswasaheadlineintheSeattlePost-Intelligencer inearly2003. JaniehadsecretlymovedJimi’sbody,whichcameasaterribleshock tohisbrotherLeon.“WehaveIndianblood,”Leonsaid.“Indiansdo notliketobemoved.”JaniearrangedforAlHendrixandhismother, Nora, and her own mother, June, also to have resting places in the custom-designed burial vaults beneath a thirty-foot-high granite domesupportedbythreepearlgraygranitecolumnstrimmedinwhat 290
Jimi Hendrix shedescribedas“rainbowmarble.”Janie,too,expectstoresidenear Jimiwhenthetimecomes. On an October visit to Seattle, hurrying out the door of Nordstrom’s Rack, a bargain hunter’s paradise, I inadvertently bumped intoanelderlywomanwithacane.Shewaswavinggood-byetoanother older woman just outside the store entrance. Apologizing, I tooktheopportunitytoasktheladywiththecaneifshecoulddirect metoabusthatwouldstopinthePioneerSquarearea.Shegaveme full instructions. Slowly, we walked down the street together in the afternoon sun, unusually hot for an October day in the Northwest. Weintroducedourselves.“I’mRuthie,”shesaid.“I’velivedherefora million years! Well, ninety-one, to be exact.” She told me that she andherfriendhad spentlatemorning“atthecemeteryout inRenton.”Asthesunbeatdown,Istartedtofeelthirsty,andonimpulseI askedRuthieifshe’dlikeacolddrink.Soonwewereinsideoneofthe dozens of downtown coffee shops. My new friend told me about growingupinSeattleandsaidthatshestilllivedinthefamilyhome notfarfromGarfieldHighSchool. WetalkedaboutMountRainierandtheCascaderangeandlocal architecture,butIkeptthinkinghowodditwasthatthisstranger,in thespaceoflessthantenminutes,hadmentionedsubjectsthatresonated with regard to my friend Jimi. She was a white woman who probably didn’t even know who he was, but I gave it a small try. “I wonderifyoueverknewanyonenamedJeter?” Shethoughtaboutitandsaid,“Ofcourse.Butyou’retooyoung toknowoftheladyI’mthinkingof.She’sbeendeadalongtime.She helped a friend of hers from their church clean occasionally for my mother when she was getting along in years. Clarice was her name. ClariceJeter.” Iwasmorethanalittlesurprisedtohearthisname.ClariceJeter. Jimi’sgrandmother. “As a matter of fact,” Ruthie continued, “I thought about her when we were out at Greenwood this morning. Greenwood is the cemetery. That’s changed, too,” she said. “People keep dying, and 291
SHARON LAWRENCE Greenwoodkeepsexpanding.Weleftflowersonafriend’sgravenot farfromthebiggest,showiestplaceyou’veeverseen.Couldyoupossiblyimagine that Clarice Jeter’sgrandbaby is at the bottom ofthis towering hunk of marble? There’s even a sign, ‘Hendrix Circle.’ I neverknewthatlittleboy,butIdoknowhebecameafamousmusician.” “Hewasverytalented,”wasallIsaid. “Claricehadanumberofchildren,Ibelieve.IlivedathomebecauseInevermarried;IworkedasasecretaryuntilIretired.Theonly reason I had any conversation with Clarice is because a couple of timesIdroveherhome.” RuthieandIsippedatourcoollattes.“Youseemlikeaniceperson,”shesaid,“andthismightmakeyoufeelfunnytohearit,since you’renotfromaroundhere.ButmyfriendandIalmostwishedwe hadn’tseenthatexpensivemonument.”Shepausedandseemedto be feeling some emotion, but she continued, “Mymother told me that Clarice’s youngest daughter had problems, and that she died too young. Her name was Lucille, and I thought about her today, too, even though I never knew her. The terrible thing about going outtoGreenwoodtodayisthatIrecollectedmymothertellingme that Clarice’s girl Lucille had been buried in the dirt in the part of the cemetery where they put poor people, and that there wasn’t even a proper gravestone for her. It’s so far from the fancy monument we saw that I couldn’t possibly have walked there. Very far fromherboy.NoroomatHendrixCircle,itseems.Butnexttimemy friendandIgoouttoRenton,wewillhavesomeonehelpusfindLucille’srestingplace,andwewilltakerosesfrommyyardandpayour respects.”
L
eon Hendrix and the board of directors of the James Marshall
HendrixFoundationhadlongplannedandadvertisedtheannual
Jimi Awards ceremony and birthday celebration to be held on No292
Jimi Hendrix vember 21, 2003. Just days before the event, Janie tried to stop it fromhappening.AccordingtomusiccriticGeneStout,reportingfor theSeattlePost-Intelligencer: Operated by Janie Hendrix, Experience Hendrix controls the Hendrix estate, worth about $150 million to $240 million. It ownsthename,imageandmusicofJimiHendrix. The company had sought to prevent the use of the name James Marshall (Jimi) Hendrix Foundation and to have all moneyreceivedbythefoundationplacedinatrust.Experience Hendrix had also asked that the organizers of the Jimi Awards publicly state that the event was in no way affiliated with the SeattlecompanyorwiththelateAlHendrix. ButLeonHendrix,whoissuingExperienceHendrixovera claimthathewasdeniedarightfulinheritancefromhisfather’s estate,hassaidthatAlHendrixgavehimpermissionin1988to useJimiHendrix’snamefornon-profitcharitablecauses. InadditiontocelebratingJimiHendrix’sNov.27birthday, theJimiAwardswillhelpthefoundationraisemoneytorestore JimiandLeon’schildhoodhome,aswellasimprovethelivesof needychildrenandtheirfamilies. . . . U.S.DistrictCourtJudgeThomasS.Zillydeniedthetemporary restraining order and preliminary injunction that Janie had asked for in an attempt to see the event canceled. In his ruling he said, “Theplaintiffshavenotactedinallrespectsinaprudentwayherein waitingsolong,andthenatthelastmomentattemptingtoderaila charitable event. . . . What I believe strongly on the facts I have seen is that what the plaintiffs have done here is done at the last moment for purposes of attempting to disrupt an otherwise planned,longplannedevent,totheirbenefit.Andit’sunfortunate, it’stragicreally,thatthisfamilyanditsvariouspartscouldnotand havenotbeenabletoliveouttheJimiHendrixlegacyinamorepositiveway.” 293
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O
nFebruary9,2004,twomorepeoplejoinedLeoninoneofseverallawsuitshefiledagainstJanieHendrix.Inthematterofthe
“RevocableLivingTrustofJamesAllenHendrix,”a“jointjoinderand cross petition” brought (Janie’s sister) Linda Jinka and Diane Hendrix-Teitel(sisterofRobertHendrixandcousinofLeonandJimi) intothefray.TheyhadneverreceivedapennyfromAl’strust,which duringhislifetimehehadspokenofashis“gift”tothebeneficiaries. The plaintiffs requested of the Superior Court of the State of WashingtonforKingCountythefollowing:
• thatthecourtremoveJanieHendrixastrusteeoftherevocable living trust of James Allen Hendrix and appoint a professionaltrusteeinherstead • that the court remove Janie Hendrix as personal representativeoftheestateofJamesAllenHendrix,andappointasubstitutepersonalrepresentativeinherstead • thatthecourtremoveJanieHendrixandRobertHendrixfrom management positions within Experience Hendrix, Authentic Hendrix, Axis Inc., Bodacious Hendrix, or any other Hendrixrelatedbusinessentity • thatthecourtorderJanieHendrixandRobertHendrixtopersonally pay to petitioners and other beneficiaries of the James Allen Hendrix estate damages and restitution for their multiple breaches of fiduciary duty, and to reimburse the estate for the coststheyhaveincurredinthefurtheranceofthislitigation LindaJinka,amotherandgrandmother,sadlytoldme“mysister has an evil heart.” She discussed her “mixed-up” relationship with Janie,whomshemetforthefirsttimewhenJaniewasthreeyearsold, afterJune,theirmother,hadleftherhusbandandtheolderchildren. 294
Jimi Hendrix “Janiewasmylittlesister.Ilovedher.”Lindatriedtobeaspositiveas she could be about the president and CEO of Experience Hendrix, even after she was aware that Janie had “absolutely trashed” her in trialdepositionsinearly2004.“Yousee,”Lindasaid,“Janiebelieves she’s worked for all that she has. She fought for the Jimi Hendrix rights she controls. She did what she wanted to do, had to do, becauseAlcouldn’tdoit.Hedidn’tknowhow.”Lindawasabouttwenty years old when she met Jimi Hendrix in 1968, but her memories of Jimihave not expandedalongthe linesofJanie’s, whowassixthen. “Wethoughtitwasveryexcitingtomeethimandtosuddenlyhavea starinthefamily,”Lindasaid.“Jimiseemedtobeaniceperson,but wereallydidn’tknowhim.” WhatdeeplybothersLindaisthatnowawedgehasbeendriven between her and her other siblings, who are also beneficiaries of trustssetupforthembyAlHendrix.SomeJinkafamilymembersare on Janie’s “fulfillment department” payroll, and they need their salariestosurvive. Linda told me that she had no genuine “family feeling” toward BobHendrix.“He’snever,evergivenoffmuchwarmth,”shesaidquietly.“It’sdifficultformenottofeelresentmenttowardBob;hehas notactedhonorablyasatrustee.” LindaJinkaiswrappedupindismayoverthisunhappysituation; she’s hurt, and it shows, but it’s no pleasure for her to talk against Janie.However,ifLindaisperhapsappealinglysoft,Jimi’scousinDianeHendrixisstrong. For a short time, Jimi lived with his younger cousins Diane and Bobinthehomeoftheirparents,Al’sbrotherFrank,andFrank’swife, Pearl.IrememberJimitellingmebrieflyabout“mylittlecuzDiane.” DianetoldmethatthelasttimeshehadseenJimi,allgrownupanda rockstar,waswhenheplayedVancouverin1968.Ayearorsolater, DianeandJimispokeonthephoneseveraltimes;oneofthoseconversationswasaboutJimi’stakingsometimeoffand“hidingout”in Vancouver. Diane,whoworkedforanumberofyearsinNewYorkCity,has 295
SHARON LAWRENCE returnedtoWashingtonState,where bothshe and herhusband are ministers. I mentioned to her that an amazing number of people seemtofearJanie.“I don’tfearher,”shedeclared.“AllmylifeIhave believedinjustice,andIamnotafraidofJanie.” Diane is hopeful that when this unhappy situation is resolved, shewillbeabletoworkwithhercousinLeontoaccomplishcharitablegoodworksonbehalfoftheJamesMarshallHendrixFoundation, wheretheyarebothontheboardofdirectors.“MycousinLeonisa sweet,sweetguy,”shesaid.“Onlynowdoesheseemtobecomingto termswithhislife.He’smorethanfifty,andhe’sstillgrowingup,but Iamcountingonhim.” DavidOsgoodistheyoungSeattlelawyerwhorepresentsLinda Jinka and Diane Hendrix. His colleagues respect Osgood, and in my conversationswithhim,Iunderstoodwhyhewasdescribedtomeas “anobjective,capable,honestattorney.” “WhatIhopetoaccomplish,”hesaid,“forLindaandDianeisto get Janie and Bob off those trusts and out of control of this company.” Soifthisweretohappen,whowouldrunExperienceHendrix? “Ideally,” Osgood said, “someone with business-management experiencewhowillrunitforthebenefitofallthebeneficiariesand family members.” He seemed quite certain that justice will prevail. “Notonlywillthejudgetakeallthefactsandevidenceintoconsideration,”Osgoodsaid,“butthelegalstandardhastobetakenintoconsideration. Trustees have an absolute duty, to take care of the beneficiaries.Thatiscalledafiduciaryduty,anditmeansyoucan’t useyourpositionofauthoritytoenrichyourself.Yourdutyofloyalty istothebeneficiaryaboveanyoneelse,includingyourself.Andifyou putyourselfinapositionwhereyoustandtogainandthebeneficiary doesnotbyvirtueofyourrepresentation,it’syourdutytoresign.The dutiesaresoclearasamatteroflaw.” ThisparticularFebruarywasperhapsthemoststressfultimein Janie Hendrix’s entire life.Her publicimage was increasinglyshaky, andherlawyerswereworkingovertimeonlegalstrategiestofendoff 296
Jimi Hendrix Leon, her sister Linda, and Bob Hendrix’s sister Diane. Janie hit the spin button; she and her husband, Sheldon Reynolds, assembled a three-city concerttour,titled“CelebratingtheMusic andLegacyof JimiHendrix.”OpeningnightwasinSeattle,andthenthetourmoved to Portland, Oregon, and then on to San Francisco, where Jimi had beenlovedfromtheverybeginningofhisAmericanbreakthrough. IflewintoSeattlethreedaysbeforeopeningnight.Thedaybeforetheshow,Ispokewithtwomiddle-agedmusicianswhohadonce known and participated in some elementary jamming with the teenage Hendrix. They wouldn’t be attending the event, they told me. “It’snotmeantforpeoplelikeus,”oneofthemsaidforthrightly. “It’saJaniething.” “She isthewitchfromhell!”hisfriendsaid.“AllJanieeverdoneis useJimi’smemorytomakeherselfrichandimportant.” Idebatedthesewordsthroughouttheconcert,heldattheParamount, a beautifully restored Art Deco jewel box of a theater in downtown Seattle. The air was ripe with excitement this Sunday night,andtheconcertpromoter,Janieherselfinanewrole,hadstationedalargetableinthelobby,mannedbyafriendlystaffofyoung menwhoweresellingavarietyofExperienceHendrixitemstoeager customers. For those who had paid approximately fifty dollars a ticketandalsowantedHendrixmerchandise,itwasapriceyevening. Onethingwasfree—thefamousExperience Hendrix catalog chockfullofJimiitemsforallages.Istruckupaconversationwithayoung womanwhostoodwatchingthesalesstaff. “Thismakesmewanttopuke,”shesaid.“MydadadmiredJimi Hendrixsomuch,andIwasflat-outexcitedwhenIgotajobworking forJanie.Iknewthatmydadwouldbesoproud.ButseeinghowJanie operates . . .” “Howlongdidyouworkthere?”Iasked. “Notlong.She’snotagoodperson.Shecanturnonalookthat saysyou’rejustdirtunderherfeet.Butifsomeoneimportant walksin orcallsonthephone,shebecomesthebiggestphonyintheworld,all 297
SHARON LAWRENCE sweetness and light, babbling about how tight she was with her brother.” NoneedtomentionthatIknewJimi,Ithought,andthatthissort oftalkispainfultohear.TonightI’mstrictlyhereforthemusicandto seeMitchMitchellandBillyCoxonstageagain. The young woman’s husband joined her. “I got a really good parkingplace,baby,”hesaid.“Afreespot!” Shegrinnedupathimandexplainedtome,“Ahundreddollars fortwoticketsisawholelotofmoneytous.ButJimi’sworthit.” Theaudienceofperhapsfifteenhundredpeoplewastreatedto more than three hours of exceedingly loud music, minus intermission.TheshowkickedoffwithSheldonReynolds’srenditionof“Foxy Lady.”Attheendofthesong,herhusbandannounced“thisgoesout toJanie.”IfounditsurprisingthattherewasnotawonderfulphotographofJimitobeseenonthestage,noflowers,nobriefwordsasto whatwasrareandspecialabouthim.MoreJimisongsfollowed.He’d told me so many times, “Now, remember, it’s all about tones.” Tonightitwasmoreaboutloud. Thentheladyherself,GenevieveJinka HendrixWrightReynolds—Janie—walkedonstage.“Sheremindsme ofachunkyMinnieMouse,”saidthemiddle-agedguyinfrontofme, whowisecrackedhiswaythroughtheshow.“Butshesureisluckyto haveJimiHendrixforabrother.”Oddly,Janie,whohadexpoundedat length about her childhood recollections of Jimi, hardly mentioned himthisnight.Nowinherearlyforties,Janiepreferredtoofferaloving tribute to Al Hendrix. The short brunette president and CEO of Experience Hendrix, tonight turned concert promoter, was wearing dark pants that ended just below her knees and high wedge shoes with leather-look laces wound around her legs. She also sported a colorful, probably expensive, hand-screened top emblazoned with Jimi’sface.BobHendrix,hervicepresident,woreasomewhatsimilar shirt and periodically played the role of overly enthusiastic cheerleaderandwannaberockstarasrealmusicianscameandwent,includingVernonReidandLivingColor,andDoubleTrouble.KennyWayne Shepherd, in a heavily Hendrix- and Stevie Ray Vaughn–influenced 298
Jimi Hendrix performance,playedwithapassionJimiwouldhaveappreciated.The audience,approximately80percentmale,rangedinagefromtento seventy.Veritableclaquesinthecrowdscreamedandapplaudedfor severallocalSeattlebandsincludedinthelineup.Mercifully,midway through the concert, Billy Cox and Mitch Mitchell appeared. Billy grinned widely, enjoying his recognition from the fans. Mitch, still slimandblond,displayedconcernaboutthedrumkit,whichdidn’t appeartobeuptohismeticulousstandards.Embarrassed,hestepped out front for a moment to quickly explain to the audience that there’d been little time for rehearsal at the theater. The lack of the solidintroductionhedeservedhadsomeintheaudiencewondering exactly who Mitch was. Others weren’t familiar with Paul Rodgers, the fabulous lead singer for those great British bands Free and Bad Company,whenhejoinedMitchandBillyinarendition of “Angel.” Heencouragedtheaudiencetojoinhiminthechorus. BuddyGuy, inhis sharpgreen threads completewithmatching hat, expertly performed on acoustic guitar on a low-down, dirty Chicagobluessongs.Ileftalittleearly,missingBuddy’srenditionof Jimi’s“RedHouseBlues”backedupbyMitchandBilly.Thefinale,according to newspaper critics, featured nine different guitar players workingouton“VoodooChile.”
T
hethree-citycelebrationofJimi’smusicwasagreataccomplishment for Janie, but afterwardshe sat on a very hotseat. Weeks
turned into months of depositions, with more than forty witnesses telling their stories. A gentleman walking through a corridor of the buildingtoldareporterthatJanieHendrixhadrushedoutofaroom sobbing,tellingoneofherlawyers,“Ican’taffordtogototrial!” JanieHendrixWrighthadpresentedherselftothehugethrongat Woodstock II in 1994 as working around the clock to fight those greedylawyers,portrayingherselfastheveritablesaviorofJimi’smusic if she and her father prevailed in the still-pending lawsuit. Now, 299
SHARON LAWRENCE tenyearslater,asdetailsofJanieHendrix-Reynolds’slavishspending circulatedaroundSeattle,shedidn’tseemlikeasavioratall—justa profiteerwhobelievedthatcharitybeginsathome.WhatJaniedidn’t spend money on was her fiduciary duties as the lead trustee of Al Hendrix’strust.Twoyearsafterhisdeath,thebeneficiariesofhislivingtrusthadreceivednothingatall. SoonafterAlHendrix,withJanieathisside,tookovercontrolof theestatefromLeoBrantonin1995,Janietoldthepress,“Jimi’sback homenow,andwe’regoingtolookafterhim.He’sbackwithhisfamily,wherehebelongs.”Thecloselyguarded(untilrecently)financial recordsofExperienceHendrixandJanie’sextravagantlifestyleshow betterthanmerewordspreciselyhowJimi’sbeen“lookedafter”and howJanietakescareof“family.” MESSY TRIAL OVER JIMI HENDRIX LEGACY BEGINS
was a June 29, 2004,
headlineintheSeattlePost-Intelligencer asitallgotunderway. AnearlywitnesswasYaleLewis,thelawyerspecializinginintellectualpropertyandentertainmentlawwhohadguidedAlandJanie to their “victory settlement,” testifying of his dealings with Janie from1993to1995.HetoldJudgeJeffreyRamsdellthatevenbefore the settlement, Janie was concerned about Leon’s inclusion in Al’s will and made it clear that she did not want Jimi’s brother to be involvedinthebusinessoftheestateinanyway.“Shewasquiteconcerned,”Lewissaid,“thatitbehandledinawaythatthelegacywould stayinher lineforgenerations,asshesaidwastrueforpeoplelikethe Rockefellersand the Fords.”Janie wanted herfourchildren,hetold thecourt,“tohavethosesamebenefitsandlegacy.”Spectatorswere startledtohearthatevenbeforetheso-calledlegacywastakenover by Al and Janie, she had dreams of her sons’ being spokenof in the samebreathasAmerica’sold-linebillionairefamilies. Leon’sforty-three-pagetrialbrief,submittedtothecourtbyhis lawyersRobertJ.Curran,LanceL.Losey,andJohnP.Mele,isafactfilleddocumentthatsuccinctlydetailsthecompositionoftheFamily andtakesthecourtinsidethefinancialmazethatcameintobeingafter Al and Janie founded Experience Hendrix in 1995. It begins, 300
Jimi Hendrix “Greedisclever,findingaplaceamongthosewhodonotrecognizeit. Greedisdeceptive,hidingoutsizedbenefittoitselfbehindaveneer of incidental benefit to others. And greed is magnetic, drawing in thosewhoshouldknowbettertohelpitscause. “Butwhengreedencounterssomethingittrulycovets,itsrapaciousnessinevitablyleadstoitsdownfall.Becauseallofnatureisultimately too littlefor it,greed will overreach. . . .”During atrial that spannedseveralmonths,RobertJ.Curran,leadlawyerforLeonHendrix, presented a powerful and sickening study of “greed and overreaching.”Heexaminedandcross-examinedaparadeofwitnessesto back up a major statement in the trial brief: “Both before and after Al’sdeath,Janiedisregardedeveryfiduciarydutyshehadandevery responsibility as a corporate officer in order to live the extravagant life of a rock star. Although Experience Hendrix earned more than $48.5 million from 1995 through 2002, it spent about $49.54 million,foranetlossofabout$540,000,overthoseyears.Atleast$19.2 millionofthatwaslostthroughwasteandmismanagement.” Supporting documents showed that Experience Hendrix lost moneyoneverybusinessventureitenteredintoonitsown.Thetrial brief states, “Notwithstanding the business losses which piled up yearafteryear,Janieandherfellowboardmemberspaidthemselves exorbitant salaries and even more obscene bonuses. For example, Janiepaidherself$672,800insalaryandbonusesin2003.Shepaid her husband Sheldon a $4,000 per month retainer as a consultant. Companyexpensesincluded$34,128peryearautopaymentsmade for Janie’s investment-grade Mercedes. In total, Janie received over $4.1 million in compensation and benefits through 2003, with her spousereceivinganadditional$250,000.” Janie, Robert, and Janie’s niece Amanda also benefited from morethan$1milliontheyvotedtoloantothemselvestopayofftheir homemortgages.Curransuggestedthatsuchfundscouldhavebeen usedtopaydowncompanydebt—ortodistributemoneytothetrust beneficiaries. “Janie, since day one, has treated Experience Hendrix as an 301
SHARON LAWRENCE ATM,”attorneyDavidOsgoodtoldthecourt.“Theywilltellyouthat the income over the past few years earned them $47 million, but what they won’t tell you is that they spent $48 million, which is a hugenetoperatingloss.” There was snickering in the court when it was mentioned that Janie had charged more than a hundred beauty appointments at $500eachtoExperienceHendrix. “Theircomplaints,”saidJanie’sleadattorney,JohnWilson,“are with Al. They may think there were bad decisions, but they were madebyAl.” WilsonpaintedasadrelationshipbetweenAlandLeon.Hetold thecourtthatLeon’sdemandsformoneyfromhisfatherincreased, thathehadadrugproblem,andthatLeonhadskippedoutonacriminalbondpostedbyhisfather. Her lawyers made a point of mentioning to the press that Janie Hendrix was a “committed Christian” who regularly attended church. Leon, lithe and slim like his brother, arrived early at the courtroom each day of the trial, attending both morning and afternoon sessions.Dressedappropriately,withhisgray-streakeddarkhairina neatponytail,helookedyoungerthanhisfifty-fouryears. Judge Ramsdell’s courtroom in the historic old King County Courthouse,undergoingalengthymajorretrofit,isapleasant,sunny spacewithitswhitewallsandlargewindows.Twolongtablesareparallel to each other in front of the judge’s bench. Janie Hendrix and CousinBobsatwiththeirlegalteamatonetableafewshortfeetfrom Leonandhisadvisersatthesecond.Athirdtableformsthebaseof this U-shaped arrangement. David Osgood, representing a majority ofthebeneficiariesofAlHendrix’strust,andKarenBertram,counsel forLeon’schildren,sathere,surroundedbyabackdropofheavylegal binders containing trial exhibits and documents. The courtroom holds no more than seventy-five spectators. One regular attendee wasJanie’stall,attractivehusband,SheldonReynolds,whothroughoutthedaysuppliedherwithpapercupsofcoffeeandsodaandperi302
Jimi Hendrix odicallyglaredatLeonandhislawyers.Janie’sbrotherWillieandher sisters Donna and Marsha attended the proceedings on occasion; they were the only three beneficiaries of Al Hendrix’s trust who did notjointheotherbeneficiariesinthesuitagainstJanieandBob. Before the trial started, Jackie and Frank Hatcher joined Linda JinkaandDianeHendrix-TeitelasclientsofattorneyDavidOsgood. TheHatchersarethegrownchildrenandheirsofAl’slatenieceGracie,abeneficiaryinAl’strust.Onthewitnessstand,JackieHatcher identified family photographs and recalled the days when Jimi and Leonlivedwiththeirfamily.Shespokematter-of-factlyof“havesand have-nots.”Withquietdignityshemadeitclearthatpovertyhadalwaysbeenawayoflifeforherfamily.Hermotherhadbeennameda beneficiaryofAl’strust,andshetoldthecourtthatAlhadbeengenerouswithGracie,givinghera$500monthlychecktoliveon.When Graciewasstruckdownwithcancerandunabletoaffordfinemedical attention andnecessary prescriptiondrugs, Al Hendrix told the Hatchers, “Talk to Bob.” But no help was forthcoming from ExperienceHendrix.Inhisheart-wrenchingtestimony,Gracie’ssonFrank, who dropped out of school to take care of the dying Gracie, talked aboutherlastdays.“Mamadiedinpovertyintheprojects.Shedidn’t havethemoneyforarealhospital.”NorcouldtheHatchersafforda proper burial for Al’s trust beneficiary Gracie. They contacted Bob Hendrixagain.HeandJanieagreedtodoa“loannote”for$10,000to berepaidtoExperienceHendrixat6percentinterest. On a July afternoon, Joe Alan, a longtime friend of Leon’s, was called to the stand and thoroughly questioned by Janie Hendrix’s lawyer John Wilson. Wilson wanted to know if there had been talk when they were young boys as to Leon’s parentage. Hadn’t there been rumors that his mother had “been with another man” before Leon’s birth? Alan was uncomfortable, embarrassed. He conveyed thatLeon’sfriendsthoughtofAlsimplyas“Leon’sdad.” JanieHendrixandCousinBobkepttheireyesonLeonsittingjust four feet away. As I sat in the courtroom that day, I saw that they wereenjoyingthetestimonyaswellasthecross-examinationbytheir 303
SHARON LAWRENCE lawyer, John Wilson. Leon maintained his composure as Wilson briefly commented on his mother’s personal life and as the lawyer smilingly,pleasantlyattemptedtomakeitclearthatLeonwasnotreallyaHendrix. Eachdayofthetrial,anassortmentofHendrixfanswoulddrop byoutsidethecourtroom,eagertohearwhathadbeenhappeninginside.IwatchedseveralmenintheirthirtiesandfortiesapproachLeon ashestoodbytheelevatorsshortlyafterJoeAlan’sappearanceonthe stand.“How’sitgoing,Leon?”theyaskedwithconcern.Heforceda smile. “Okay,” he said. “Okay.” He paused in reflection, then smiled pensively at me. “I’ve got Jimi, and I’ve got my mom.” He spoke as though their memories were talismans that would get him through. NomatterhowhurtfulJanieandherlawyerswere,hewasnotalone. Iaskedalawyerwhoattendedthetrialbutwhodidnotrepresent LeonHendrixwhathereallythoughtofJimi’sbrother.Iwasblunt.“Is headisgrace?Ishebadnews?” Iwassurprisedbytheanswerfromthisconservative-appearing attorney. “Frankly,I don’t think he’s led any different life than any otherchildthrownintothefoster-childsystem,”hesaid.“Thereare reasons for why he has had such a difficult life. I believe that any adulthastotakeresponsibilityforhimself.Thatcantakealongtime formanyofus.LeonHendrixstrikesmetodayasaveryniceman.” Up the hill near the courthouse are the aging, somewhat depressing Yesler projects, one of the many places young Jimmy HendrixhadlivedintheshabbyneighborhoodsoftheCentralDistrict.In 1968hehadsummeduphismemoriesinthesematter-of-factwords: “There was nothing there for me. . . .” No one in those neighborhoods could ever have guessed that Jimi would grow up to accomplishagreatdealinashorttime.Now,alltheseyearslater,hislegacy had turned into a battle that would surely have caused him intense pain,anger,andhumiliation.Thereisanincredibleironyinthefact thatmoneyhis talenthasgeneratedwasspentin2004topaylawyers representing Janie Hendrix and Experience Hendrix to savagely discreditanddisrespectthelittlebrotherheloved. 304
Jimi Hendrix Inthefourthweekofthetrial,JasObrecht,arespectedjournalist whowasthelongtimeeditorofGuitarPlayer magazineandwhocurrently is a professor at a Michigan community college, took the stand. Obrecht told how excited he was to receive a call from Janie Hendrix “on September 18, 1995, the twenty-fifth anniversary of Jimi’sdeath.”Janiesaidthatshewouldlikehimtowriteanauthorized familybiography,workingonitwithAlHendrix.Obrechtsaid,“Jimi wasmyboyhoodhero,andIfelthonoredtohavetheopportunityto meethisfather.”Hetoldherthathewouldprefertodoan“astoldto” formatbook. AfewdayslaterheflewtoSeattle,whereJaniepersonallypicked himupatSeaTacAirport.Shealsotookhimtolunchandmadecertain things clear to him during the meal, he testified. Janie wanted himtounderstandthatLeonwasnotAl’sson,notJimi’sbrother,and thatthetwoboyswerenotcloseaschildren.Janietoldhimthatshe wasAl’s daughter andJimi’ssister,and shetoldhim not toaskAlif Jimihadanychildren. Obrecht ultimately participated in seventeen meetings with Al Hendrixathishomeandspokefrequentlytohimonthetelephonefor thebook, whichwastitledMySonJimi.Hetoldthe court thatatan earlymeetingwithAl,hewasshownaboxofJimi’schildhooddrawings and was horrified to see Janie, who was eating a greasy snack, carelesslyhandletheagingpapersothatgreasespotswereleftonthe edgesofsomeoftheartwork. DuringthealmostfouryearshewasincontactwithAl,Obrecht testifiedthathenoticedagreatchangeinAl’shealthanddemeanor. “Hesloweddownasifhemighthavehadastroke.”Obrechtsounded sadashesaidquietly,“Onthephoneheseemedbefuddled,asthough hewasnotsurewhoIwas.ThebooktooksolongbecauseofAl’sinabilitytoreadbeyondafifth-toseventh-gradelevel.Finallymywife readthemanuscriptontoatapesoAlcouldhearit.” AltoldObrechtthathewentintotheExperienceHendrixoffice onMondaysandsignedwhateverJanieandBobwantedhimtosign. “I’mjustthefigurehead,”hetoldObrecht. 305
SHARON LAWRENCE Robert Hendrix appeared uncomfortable as he listened to Obrecht’swords.TheexpressiononJanie’sfacereadNobigdeal. ObrechttoldthecourtofaconversationheandAlHendrixhad whiledrivinginAl’sMercedes.“HesaidthatsometimeshewasfrustratedwithLeonwhenhedidn’ttoetheline.ButthatLeonandLeon’s childrenandgrandchildrenwouldneverwantforanything.Hesaid, ‘Theyaretakencareofinmywill.I’mcertainthatJimiwouldwantit thatway.’AlwaskeenlyawarethattheywereJimi’sbloodrelatives.” Soonafterthistestimony,“Rayrae”Goldman,afriendofLeon’s, told me that several years ago Leon had visited him at his home in SouthernCalifornia.“Leonsaid,‘Iknowyou’vegotthebookmydad wrote. I want to see it,’ ” Goldman recalled. “I felt very uncomfortable.IsaidthatIdidn’thaveit.LeoninsistedthatIshowMySonJimi tohim.FinallyIgotitoutandtoldhimalittlebitaboutit.Helooked through the book. ‘A lot of this isn’t true,’ he said. Everyone knew that Janie had been involved with the book and with some of the wrong stuff Al said. But Leon didn’t want to believe that she would behavelikethat.LaterthatdayLeontelephonedhisfather.Goldman heardLeontellhisfather,“Idon’tcarewhatyouwroteinthatbook.I loveyou,Dad.”Leonsaidafterthecallthathisfatherreplied,“Ilove you,too.”
A
l Hendrix, who had earned little more than $5,000 yearly as a
gardener,andwhohadbeenjoyfulinthe1970swhenLeoBran-
ton had eventually arranged for him to receive $50,000 annually fromJimi’sestate,wasgraduallytoexecuteanumberofwills.Immediately after Janie retained Hendricks & Lewis in the 1990s, Lewis drafteda“RevocationofPriorWills”thatAlwantedtosign.Inorder toavoidaconflict-of-interestsituationbecauseoftheirrepresentation of both Al and Jane, Hendricks & Lewis brought in attorney Jonathan Whetzel to draft a new will for Al. According to Robert J. Curran’s trial brief, “the principal purpose of the new will was to 306
Jimi Hendrix replacea1987will,whichleftmostofAl’sestatetoatrustcontrolled byBranton.Leon,Janie,andJuneweretheprincipalbeneficiariesunderthenewwillsignedbyAlonJanuary29,1993. “OnSeptember24,1994,Alexecutedasecondwilldraftedfor himbyWhetzel,”thebriefcontinues.“Thewillleft38%ofAl’sestate toJuneinamaritaltrust.Janiealsoreceived38%,19%outrightand theremainderintrust.Leonreceived24%intrust. . . .”UponJune’s death the remainder of the marital trust was to be distributed to Jane’s children Linda, Donna, Marsha, and Willie, as well as to Al’s nieceDianeandnephewRobertandtoAl’ssister-in-lawPearlBrown andhisnieceGraceHatcher. JonathanWhetzelhadanamiableandprofessionallawyer-client relationshipwithAl.Theymetalone,andhelistenedtoAl’sthoughts, answered his questions, and sent Al correspondence, summarizing thedetailsofAl’sdecisions.AlwascomfortablewithWhetzel. After Al won back “Jimi’s legacy” from Leo Branton, Janie’s lawyer Reed Wasson retained the law firm of Stoel Rives and estate plannerGeorgeSteerstoassistinthepreparationofAl’sestateplan. InNovember1996,accordingtothetrialbrief, AlexecutedathirdwilldraftedbyWhetzel.Thiswillwassimilar toAl’s1994willexceptthatitrecognizedtheformationofExperience Hendrix and its related companies and the birth of a child, Corvina Pritchett, whom Al believed to be his daughter. Leon and his children were to receive 24% of Al’s holdings in trust.Al’sotherbeneficiariesweretoreceivetheirinterestsinthe familycompaniesoutright.Underthe1996will,nosingleheir would have had a controlling interest. For her part, Janie received38%ofAl’sestateunderthe1996will. AccordingtoabrieffiledbyLeon’sattorney, InlateNovemberof 1996,JanieandRobertmetagainwithAl, Wasson,andSteerstodiscussAl’sestateplanning. . . . Whetzel 307
SHARON LAWRENCE wasnotaskedtoattendthismeeting,norwasheaskedtodoany additionalestateplanningforAl. TheStoelRivesestateplandifferedgreatlyfromtheterms of Al’s previous wills. It did away with the concept of a family owned and run company, and replaced it with a multilayered structureofentitiestobecontrolledbya“successor.”Inessence, itgavecompletecontroloftheHendrixcompaniestoJanieand toalesserextentRobert.NoneofAl’sotherheirswereallowedto haveameaningfulsayintheoperations.Intheearlyversionsof thisplan,includingthoseexplainedtoJaniein1996,Leonand hischildrenweretohavea24%interestheldintrust. George Steers of Stoel Rives took the stand on July 22, 2004. Judge Ramsdell listened attentively to the testimony of the estate planner who’d drafted the documents constituting Al’s last will. Steersappearedquietlyevasiveanddefensiveonthestand.Inanswer toquestions,heacknowledgedlawyerReedWasson’spresenceatthe meetingsandhisroleinnegotiatingAlHendrix’sestateplan.Leon’s attorneyarguedthatasJanie’semployee,Wassonhadinvolvedhimself in a conflict of interest. But now, sitting in the sunny Seattle courtroom, Janie Hendrix didn’t appear worried as to what conclusionsthejudgemightdraw.Shechewedgum,giggled,andwhispered tobig,baldBobHendrix,incessantlyscribblingontinybluePost-its. Itwaslikeamovieplayingout. In1968littleJanieandJune,hermother,whomJimihadrecognized as“starstruck,” hadmet himforthe firsttime.He had come prepared with cash to please his father, he’d been generous to Al’s newfamily,andthen,followingtheirfinalmeetingin1970,hehad left his hometown hurt and disillusioned over the pressure put upon himtomakeawill.AfterJimi’sdeathLeonhadbecomedisillusioned, too, for many reasons, including, as he had told me in 1971,thefactthat“June’sbeingveryuglytome,aboutme.It’sall aboutthemoney.”Nowhistorywasrepeatingitself.June’sdaughter was the one being ugly. Through the years literature and movies 308
Jimi Hendrix havechronicledthecharacterofthegreedy,manipulative,ungratefuldaughter.Butthiswasreallife.AlHendrixhadbeenverygoodto Janie,andyetsheandhercompanyhadpaidforsomesixmonthsof private meetings with a bevy of legal advisers focused on “finetuning”Al’swishes. Ultimately,aswashiscustom,Alhaddutifullysignedthepapers putinfrontofhim.OnApril16,1997,hesignedthefirstcodicilto the1996will.ItbequeathedallofAl’sstockinasubsidiarycompany, AxisInc.,toJanie.ItincreasedCorvinaPritchett’sshareoftheestate ifshewasproventobehischild.Itincreasedthemaritaltrust’sshare to50percentoftheremainingestate.ItbequeathedtoJaniethecontingentreversionaryrightsAlhadpurchasedfromLeon.Itdisinherited Jimi’s brother Leon with the exception of a single gold record, anditdisinheritedLeon’schildrenentirely. OnFebruary12,1998,Alsignedhislivingtrustandtheaccompanying “pour-over” will was executed. Janie had arranged for a videographertocapturethesigning. RepresentingLeon’ssixchildren,KarenBertram,theonlylawyer involved in the court action who had an exclusive practice in estate planning and trust and estate litigation, listened intently to George Steers’sJuly22testimony.Onbehalfofherclients,herhope,shesaid, was“toobtainarulingthatthe1996willshouldgoverntheestate.” Leonandhislegalteamaskedthecourttoconsiderthefollowingsolutionsandremedies: • creationofatrust for Leon andhis children, whichholds 24 percent of the Hendrix legacy, taken from the portion of the legacycurrentlyheldbyJanie • adamageawardagainstJanieinfavorofallestatebeneficiariesotherthanherandRobert,intheirproportionateshares,for the monies she wrongfully squandered while in control of the Hendrixlegacy • removalofJanieaspersonalrepresentativeofAl’sestate 309
SHARON LAWRENCE • removal of Janie and Robert as trustees of the various trusts createdafter1996 • apermanentinjuctionpreventingJanieandRobertfromacting inanyfiduciarycapacity,participatinginthemanagementofExperience Hendrix, and receiving any compensation from ExperienceHendrixotherthantheirshareofthenetprofitsasownersof thecompany • anawardagainstJanieandRobertinfavoroftheestate,directingthemtorepayattorneyfeesandcostsincurredbytheestateattheirrequests • an award against Janie and Robert in favor of Leon for the reasonable attorneys’ fees, litigation expenses, and costs incurredbyLeoninthisaction. OnSaturday, September 25, 2004, a long-awaited Seattle Times headlineread:JIMI HENDRIX BROTHER GETS NONE OF $80MILLION ESTATE.Thestoryby ChristineClarridge,whoregularlyhadcoveredthetrialsinceJune,read:
Jimi Hendrix’s stepsister—a woman he met only a handful of times—willinheritthebulkofthelaterocklegend’sestate,underarulingyesterdaybyaKingCountySuperiorCourtjudge. Jimi’s brother, Leon Hendrix, lost his bid to get a share of theestimated$80million,afteraseven-weekcourtbattlethat leftbothsidesfeelingbruisedandlookinglessthansaintly. Aspartofyesterday’scourtruling,whichwasreadbyJudge JeffreyRamsdellinadenselypackedbutmutedcourtroom,Janie Hendrix—who was adopted into the Hendrix family when her mother married Jimi’s father, Al—was removed as trustee for someoftheotherbeneficiariesbecausesheviolatedherfinancial responsibilitytothem. Inotherwords,therewasnoclear-cutvictoryforanyone.
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Jimi Hendrix ObserversinthecourtroomsaidthatJaniecriedaftertheruling wasread;theymentionedthatshewasbolsteredbymembersofher church who had told her all along, “God wants you to win!” Leon, hurtanddisappointedonbehalfofhisfamily,remainedcomposed. Brian Alexander reported in the New York Times, “Friends and relativesofbothJanieandLeonHendrixoverflowedintothehalloutside the courtroom. Supporters of Leon Hendrix wore white shirts thatread‘Jimi’sbloodrunsthroughme’and‘Hislegacylivesthrough hisfamilyandfriends.’ ” Seattlelegalsourcesfoundthejudge’srulingtobeconservative withroomforfurtherlegalhearingsastohowthebeneficiarieswill be treated in the future as well as other significant financial issues. “Thejudgedidn’tlikeJanie,andhedidn’tlikeLeon,”declaredanattorney uninvolvedin the proceedings. “He wentby the facts,and it was clear that Al had given Janie all the power that she wanted, whetheritwasbeinginchargeofthemoney,themusic,orwhereshe chosetoreburyJimi’sremains.” JudgeRamsdellfoundthat“AltrustedandrelieduponJanieto provide him with advice and counsel,” that “Janie was involved in thepreparationandprocurementofAl’sestateplan,”andthat“the bequestreceivedbyJaniewasunnaturallylarge.”Whilethesefacts were “sufficient to raise the presumption of undue influence,” the court found that Leon had failed to prove undue influence. Leon’s own behavior—including his failure to complete a drug rehab program as promised, and his “failures to manage monetary resources,”whichindicatedthatabequestwouldbe“squandered”— was, the court found, sufficient reason for his father to disinherit him.ButitalsoruledthatJanieandRoberthadbreachedtheirfiduciary duties to trust beneficiaries and should be removed as trustees. Among the “Findings and Conclusions on Legal Issues Presented” in Judge Ramsdell’s thirty-five-page ruling, he declared the following:
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SHARON LAWRENCE • “Thecourtfindsthatplaintiff[LeonHendrix]hasfailedtoestablish that Al Hendrix lacked testamentary capacity to enter intohispost-1996estateplan. • “Theassertionofconflictofinterestboilsdowntoacontention that the attorneys creating Al’s estate plan were not acting in Al’s best interest. Having painstakingly reviewed the evidence presented,Iamunabletofindthatthisassertionissupportedby theevidence.” • “Leon Hendrix and his children have failed to prove the existenceofundueinfluencebythehighstandardofclear,cogent,and convincingevidence.Therefore,theirrequestforreliefisdenied.” • “ThiscourtordersthatJanieandRobertHendrixberemovedas trusteesoftheDianeHendrix-Teitel,LindaJinka,andtheHatcher Familytrusts.ThecourtalsoordersthatJanieandRobertareobligatedtopaytheattorneyfeesoftheaforementionedbeneficiaries,thecostsassociatedwiththeinvestigationbyspecialcounsel, and the costs arising from Washington Trust Bank’s role as cotrustee.ThesecostswerenecessitatedbyJanieandRobert’sbreach offiduciarydutyandthereforeshouldbebornebythem.” • “TherequesttoremoveJanieasthepersonalrepresentativeof Al’s will is denied without prejudice. This court is not satisfied thatadequatejustificationexistsatthistimetoremoveherfrom that position. However, the court will retain jurisdiction to revisitthatissueshouldfuturecircumstanceswarrantreconsideration.JanieandRobertarealsoorderedtocontinuetocooperate in efforts to identify personal expenses and loans that should rightfullyberepaidtoExperienceHendrix.” Itwas revealedduring the courseofthetrialthatSony/ATV,the worldwide company that administers Jimi’s song copyrights, loaned JanieandExperienceHendrix$2.5milliontowardlegalexpenses.This courtesysurprisedsomemembersoftherecordindustry,whofound 312
Jimi Hendrix it unseemly that Sony/ATV would takesides in what Court TV called “the rock trial of the century.” In effect, this sizable sum to be paid backfromfundsearnedbymusicwrittenbyHendrixwasspentinan attempt to punish and defeat the brother Jimi loved and to protect and defend Janie, whom he barely knew. “There’s something very cruelaboutthisfact,”summedupaSeattlelawstudent,“butthenthis trialhasnever beenabout Jimiorwhathe might have wanted.After all,hetookhimselfoutoftheequationonSeptember18,1970.” In the years since Jimi died, there have been constant disputes aboutownershipofrightstohissongs,withvariouspartiesclaiming toholdrightsindifferentcountries.Severalofthesedisputeshaveresulted in litigation. Indeed, it is likely that Janie Hendrix has spent moremoneyonlawyersthansheeverhasonpayingmusicians. ASeattleattorneywhoknowsLeoBrantonwasevenmoreforthcomingonthebasisthathenotbenamed.“Iunderstand,”hesaid, “that despite that the bitter lawsuit in the nineties Leo Branton has continuedtoassisttheAlHendrixestateinassortedsubsequentlitigations and in trying to recover additional intellectual properties.” WhenIexpressedsurpriseatBranton’saidingJanie,whohadspoken publicly and privately ofhim in the most scurrilous manner,theattorney chuckled. He added, “As a matter of fact, Janie even sent Brantonaletterofapology.” I telephoned Leo Branton and he verified that on March 31, 2003, Janie Hendrix sent him a lengthy letter wherein she thanked him for his recent help in the PPX litigation in England and for his legalopiniononothercontracts.Sheadmittedhisloyaltytoherfatherandexpressedregretthatthe1993lawsuithadmadeunfounded accusations of fraud against Branton. The retired lawyer acknowledgedtomethathefeltReedWasson,Janie’sleadlawyer,hadlikely suggested that fences be mended. Her letter made Branton feel at leastslightlybetterabouttheentiresituation,andhisreplythanked herforherwords. HeisconvincedthatJaniewouldneverhaveencouragedherfathertotakelegalactionagainsthimifshehadn’tbeeninfluencedby 313
SHARON LAWRENCE PaulAllen.“Thelawsuitwascompletelyunnecessary,”Brantonsaid. “Do you believe you would still be handling the Hendrix estate todayifitweren’tforthatlawsuit?”Iasked. “YesIdo!”Brantondeclared. In our two lengthy conversations, Branton spoke about several ofthecastofcharactersintheongoingsagaofJimiHendrix,therock starworthmoredeadthanalive.RegardinghowLeonHendrixfared in the 2004 litigation against Janie, Branton said, “There was a will whereLeonwasleftacertainpercentage,andwithinayearthewill waschangedandhewascutoutcompletely.Idon’tknowwhatcould havehappenedtochangethingswithinthattime.Ithinkit’sashame. AndIamquitesurprisedthatnoonegotintouchwithmeregarding beingawitnessinanywayinconnectionwiththatcase.” “Iamamazed,”Itoldhim.“Iwouldhavethoughtyouwouldhave beenaveryimportantwitness.” “I would have thought so, too,” Branton said. “But nobody calledme.” I asked him about his feelings regarding Ed Chalpin. “You were helpfultoJanieHendrixin2002regardingMr.Chalpin.Didyoumeet withhimanumberoftimesovertheyears?” “Oh yes, indeed,” Branton said. “I often say when I describe Chalpinthathegetsasexualvicariousthrilloutoflitigating.IrememberwhenIwenttoEnglandtotrythecasein1973—whichhelost— he tried to settle the case with me, and I wasn’t willing to give him fiftycents.WarnerBros.hadalreadysettledwithhimontheUnited Statesrights.TheysawthatHendrixwasamultimillion-dollarproduct and they didn’t want any possibility of losing him. They rushed intoasettlement,butatthesametimeHendrix’slawyersdidn’tget Chalpintowaiveanyrightsinconnectionwiththeforeignthing.The wholethingshouldhavebeensettledatonetime,oritshouldn’thave been settled. That Chalpin, him and his settlements. In my dealings withhim,Ifinallytoldhim,‘Iwouldn’tgiveyouadollartobuyacup ofcoffeeandabagel.’ ” “Show us your ownership. Prove it.” These taunts have been 314
Jimi Hendrix comingJanieHendrix’swayfromthebigworldoutsideSeattle,where twoelderlymentookaparticularinterestinthetrialthatpittedLeon Hendrixagainsther.InacoastaltowninEngland,JohnHillman,who draftedalltheoriginalYametaagreementsandservedasaYametadirector,alongwithhiscloseassociatethelateSirGuyHenderson,frequentlytelephonedSeattlesources monitoringthelatestExperience Hendrixdevelopments. Ed Chalpin, too, is perennially near the phone in the New York City apartment where he has lived for more than half his life. It’s withinblocksofthesmallonetimestudiowherehefirstmetJimiHendrixin1965.Heissaid“toe-mailthedayaway,”asalwaysfullofsuggestionsforpotentialdealsregardingHendrix’smusic. For a time Chalpin and Hillman seemed friendly, but they ultimately had a serious falling-out. Chalpin had encouraged Lawrence Miller, a former promotion man in the British record industry, to form an independent record label, Purple Haze Records. “Janie doesn’t own the rights to all the Hendrix tapes,” he declared. “Go ahead!”ChalpinandMillerthenhadtheirownfalling-out. Subsequently Hillman and Miller collaborated on four CDs of Hendrix material issued on the Purple Haze label, the latest release beingaCDofJimiperforminginStockholmin1969.Millerclaimed tothepressthathehadreportedJanieandherlawyerReedWasson to the U.S. attorney general and the FBI and further alleged that he wasfilingsuitagainsther.Millerdidnotprovideanydetailsastothe natureoftheirallegedwrongdoingorhisclaims,andthegovernment hastakennoactionagainsteitherofthem. According to documents from the Law Society in England, on November2,1989,JohnArthurHillmanwas“struckoff”(disbarred) by the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal. Periodically for some fifteen years,commencingsoonafterthedeathofMichaelJefferyin1973, Hillmanhadbeenaccusedofaseriesofgraveimproprieties,oftento do with betraying his clients’ trust. These included utilizing for his ownpurposes“moneyheldandreceivedbyhimonbehalfofclients.” Hillmanwentthroughaseriousheartoperationandlatersuffered 315
SHARON LAWRENCE a major stroke. For a time hehad aloss of memory. Hillman had few encounters with Jimi Hendrix, and yet today, when speaking to business associates and with the press, he sometimes offers memories of most unlikely conversations with Jimi and even with Monika Dannemann. Hillman claims that it is he who owns the rights to the Experience’salbums,not Janie.Heoffersnoproof,pooh-poohsanystatuteof limitations, and does not care to discuss his alleged bankruptcy, in whichheallegedlywasforcedtogiveuphisdirector’srolewithYameta. In his twenty-plus years of serving as Al Hendrix’s lawyer, Leo Brantoniscertainlyasknowledgeableamanascanbefoundabout ownership of the various musical rights involving Jimi Hendrix, and hewasverysurprisedtohearofHillman’s2004claims.Brantonsays, “While it’s true that John Hillman was one of the organizers and founders of Yameta in the sixties, in the seventies we got control of YametaandalloftheproductthatcamefromYameta.” He adds, “There are people coming out of the woodwork on Hendrix every day with claims, hoping for financial gain or ‘settlements.’Idon’tthinkthesagawilleverend.” A London solicitor familiar with many details of Hillman’s past says,“Heisaverysmartmanwhobelievesheknowswheretheskeletonslie.Perhapshewantstosellhisknowledge.Or,likeEdChalpin, hemayjustenjoybeinginthegame.” A retired record executive in New York who knew Jimi and helpedpromotetheExperience’srecords,andwhohashaddealings with both John Hillman and Ed Chalpin, sees Chalpin as the biggest threattotheHendrixempire.“Chalpin’salwayslurkinginthebackground,”hetoldme.“Iexpecthe’sgotafewmorefireworksplanned. He’sanamazinginstigatorwhenitcomestothemusicofpoorJimi.” The series of serious accusations against Janie Hendrix, “president and CEO of Experience Hendrix,” also has concerned Vivendi/ Universal,apubliclytradedcompany,whereJimiHendrix’smusicisa proudassetoftheMCARecordsdivision.Seattlesourcessaythatthe MCAagreementwithExperienceHendrixwillcomeupforrenewalat theendof2009,andthatbeforethe2004trialbegan,Janieenjoyed 316
Jimi Hendrix mentioningafigureof$50millionastheamountofthenextadvance. However,accordingtoreliablesourcesinNewYork,LosAngeles,and Seattle, Janie’s various record “productions” through Experience Hendrix have yet to earn out the hefty advance she received in the late 1990s. And of course no one can say for certain who will be in chargeofExperienceHendrixin2009—oriftherewillevenbe anExperienceHendrixstillinbusiness. “It’s very sad the way Jimi Hendrix’s music and memory have been abused,” says longtime Los Angeles music writer Harvey Kubernik.“Whilehewasalive,Hendrixcouldhavebeenevenmoresuccessful if he’d had honest and truly professional management. He was worshipped the most but also exploited the most. Jimi could trustonlyahandfulofpeople,andit’sdisillusioningthatthishasnot changedinalltheyearssincehisdeath.” Just after my conversation with Kubernik, I saw a full-page advertisementfromtheTelevisionandFilmMusicSpecialissueof the HollywoodReporter. ItshowsalargeimageofJimiHendrixplayinghis guitar at Monterey. The text above his head reads “The World’s GreatestGuitarist.”Belowthephotograph,thisiswhatitsays:
E XPERIENCE H ENDRIX LicensingtheName,Likeness,ImageandMusicofJimiHendrix All details of how to contact Janie’s Seattle headquarters are included. JohnFogerty,themajortalentandsongwriterbehindCreedence Clearwater Revival, told a reporter: “When you use a song for a TV commercial,ittrivializesthemeaningofthesong.Italmostturnsit intonothing.”Jimiundoubtedlywouldhaveagreed.Butthere’snothingthatadeadstarcandowhenhissongsareusedtoadvertisePop Tarts,automobiles,orReeboksneakers—orwhenhislikenessandhis wordsaremerchandisedintheFamily’scatalog. JimioncespokeadmiringlyofCharlesDickens’sDavidCopperfield and how the poignant story had brought tears to his eyes. However, 317
SHARON LAWRENCE he never read Dickens’s Bleak House, one of whose themes detailed generations endlessly fighting as lawyers came and went, profiting throughthedecadesastheybledtheestate. Ever since his death, and particularly in the past ten years, the creative assets of Jimi Hendrix frequently have been hostage to the greedandegoofothers,whohavevirtuallynothingincommonwith him and hiscreative vision and his joy in music, not to mention his senseofhumilityandhumanity.JimiHendrixhadnocreditcards.He wasnotamillionaire.Heownednohome.Helivedbyhistalentand hisownhardwork. Inthesummerof1969,duringaseriousconversationaboutthe constantbarrageoflegaldocumentsoverthepastalmostthreeyears ofhissuccess,Jimisatincalmreflection.Hesaid,“Icanenvisionthe daywhenallmaterialthingsarepulledfromme,andthenthestronger mysoulwillbe.”
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PART FOUR Jimiwastheveryfirst, andperhapsthelast, tobelovedsodeeply, sopurely. — C O N C E RT
P R O M OT E R
BILL GRAHAM
The True Legacy
G
ood guitarists pay attention to horn
players.
IlearnedthisfromJimi,whoseearswereeveropenfortones,be theydivineandgolden,unexpected,orpreviouslyunknown. Intheyearssincehisdeath,comparisonshaveoftenbeenmade between Hendrix and John Coltrane, the stunning visionary of the tenor saxophone, and with revered alto sax player Charlie “Bird” Parker,anothersoul-thrillingimproviser.ButalwaysHendrixhasremindedmeoftheimpoverishedblackyouthfromNewOrleanswho grew up to be a trailblazing trumpeter, loved and respected around the world—Louis Armstrong. Long before songs like “Hello, Dolly” came along, Armstrong in his heyday made a huge musical impact thatexpandedtheboundariesofjazzandAmericanpopularmusic. Beyond their tough childhoods, Armstrong and Hendrix had much in common, including bigger-than-life personalities, eclectic vocabulariesandaloveofwords,quickintelligencesandimpressive memories, as well as innate modesty. “Louis Armstrong said he believedhewasbornwiththetalentinsidehim,”Jimitoldme.“Struggle
SHARON LAWRENCE isonething.Practice—always,always,always.Butyougottahaveitin theretobeginwith.Iguessyouhavetoneed it,too.” TherewasthatbriefperiodinHendrix’searlylifewhenitseemed that everything was meant to turn out differently. In those all-tooshortmonthsinBerkeley,California,thehandofdestinyhadreached out tohim,blessed him with thenurturingand stability heneeded, andthen—withoutwarning—rudelyretrievedthegift.Inthetremendous twist of fate that had transported a two-and-a-half-year-old childfromSeattle,Washington,eighthundredmilesdowntoBerkeley,onecanonlyspeculateonwhatandwhohewouldhavebecome ifhehadremainedwiththe“secretfamily”thattookhimin.Young “Johnny”foreverrememberedthatthey’dwishedhecouldstaywith them,butwhathedidn’tknow,neverknew,wasthatthefamilyhad askedtoadopthim. Just outof the army, Al Hendrix had little tooffer the son he’d only then met for the first time, but he made up his mind that the child was returning to Seattle with him; these well-meaning people wouldnotbeallowedtoadopthis boy. “No one could ever know how I felt going off with this strange guy,” Jimi Hendrix recalled twenty-three years later. “I cried and cried.Itwastheworstthingthateverhappened.” “Jimi Hendrix was born Jimi Hendrix,” said his friend Tony Palmer, today a world-renowned film director of important music documentariesandanauthorityonthelivesofdiversemusicalgods through the centuries. “Great musicians are not created; they are born.Jimiwasmeantformusic.” Los Angeles record producer Jack Joseph Puig put it this way, “WhatsomanyplayerstodayaremissingiswhatJimihad—feeling.A feelingisnottransferable.Itcomesfromthesoul,whichGodmakes innately unique to that one person. Without a doubt Hendrix is responsible for a whole approach to rock guitar and an attitude that, frankly,stillreallyhasn’tbeentouched.” ThegreatmiracleofJohnny/Jimmywasthathemanagedtotranscendhisshakybeginningsandcreatehimselfintosomeonerareand 322
Jimi Hendrix specialbyengaginghisdeepestfeelingsandhisvirtuallyunparalleled senseofsound.Hepropelledhimselfthroughsheerwillandconcentrationand,aboveall,bybuildingafortressofhisimagination. Inthesummerof1967,areporterforNewMusicalExpress,Keith Altham, visited the flat that Jimi and Chas Chandler shared off the EdgwareRoadinLondon.InHendrix’sbedroomAlthamnoticedthat, suspendedfromalampshade in themiddleoftheceiling,weretwo small gilt figures of cherubs that Jimi had recently bought in an antique shop. One of the little angels had a broken arm. “That’s the groovythingabouthim,”AlthamquotedJimiassayingwithasmile. “Hecanflywithabrokenarm!” Hendrixsavedthatpressclippinginaboxinmygarage,andeven nowIstillseethatcherubasametaphorforJimi.Althoughhenever didlosethescarsofhisbrokenboyhood,hecouldstillfly. Histrue legacycanneverbe summedupin the numberofrecordsandCDssoldorthedollarfiguresattachedtohisname.ForHendrix the great axis of the universe was music, and he reveled in its enlightenment,power,andpleasure,owningagiftthathewaseager toshare.Thatgiftliveson. Certainly there are Hendrix fans in America and around the worldwhoexistinthepovertythatJimiknew.Otheradmirerspossess riches but lack the talent that money can’t buy. Many fans are fine musicians for whom he is an inspiration—for example, his friend fromtheearlydaysinLondon,PeteTownshendoftheWho.TheSeptember18,2003,issueofRollingStone focusedon“The100Greatest Guitarists of All Time”—Jimi Hendrix topped the list. In tribute, Townshendwroteafull-pagepieceforthemagazine.Inithesaid,“I feelsadforpeoplewhohavetojudgeJimiHendrixonthebasisofhis recordings andfilmalone,becauseinthefleshhewassoextraordinary.Hehadakindofalchemist’sability;whenhewasonthestage, he changed. He physically changed. He became incredibly graceful andbeautiful.Itwasn’tjustpeopletakingLSDwhothoughtthatwas going on, there’s no question. But he had a power that almost soberedyouupifyouwereonanacidtrip.HewasbiggerthanLSD.” 323
SHARON LAWRENCE TownshendsaidofJimi,“Hemadetheelectricguitarbeautiful.” In1977JohnLennon,hisvoicecracklingwithemotion,toldme, “I’llneverstopmissingthatbrilliantboy.HowIwouldhavelovedto have played or sung on an album with Hendrix! He brought excitementintotheroomwithhim.Justhisphysicalpresencewasamazing, muchlesshismusic!Ah,Jimilad,we’llloveyouforever. . . .” Singer/songwriter Chris Jagger spoke of his friend Hendrix with warm affection when he said, “Thanks, Jimi, for all the good times yougaveus.PurpleHaze . . . that wasarevelation.” Glyn Thomas is a schoolteacher in southwest London. He was bornandgrewupinSouthWales,where,herecalled,“In1966Iwas likemostfourteen-year-oldkids,veryintotheBeatles.ButIhadbecome more interested in R&B bands with a harder sound like the YardbirdsandtheRollingStones;thereforeIlikedthesoundof‘Hey Joe’whenitfirstcameout.However,forme,theturningpointwas the release of ‘Purple Haze,’ which was so different from anything else at the time. It summed up the sixties and that whole psychedelicphase,withthemoodylyricsandheavyriffandleadguitarlike ithadneverbeenheardbefore.Therewasawatershedformeindeciding to spend my hard-earned pocket money on Are You Experienced? rather thanthe Beatles’ Sgt.Pepper album. Iwalked into the SoundCentreshopinTredegarandpaidmyonepoundplusseveral shillings. In all the years since that day, I have never regretted my decision.” Like so many others, Thomas was devastated to hear of Hendrix’sdeath.“Itfinishedmeforguitar-herobands,becauseIknewno oneelsewouldevercomeclosetoJimi.” Heisproudthathisdaughteris a Hendrix fan,too. She started borrowinghisrecordsseveralyearsagoandnowpossessesherown Hendrix“mainCDs.”“Jimi’smusicwillalwaysliveon,”Thomassaid. “Thememoriesandthelegacywillbepasseddownfromgeneration togeneration.”Parents,grandparents,aunts,andunclesalloverthe worldwhocherishJimiHendrixyearnforthenextgenerationstoappreciatehim,too. 324
Jimi Hendrix “Jimitodayisagenuinefolkhero,”saysDavidWish,amusician andteacherwhoin1996,outoffrustrationoverthelackoffunding ofmusicaleducationforchildren,becameanintegralforceinforminganorganizationknownasLittleKidsRock.Thousandsofelementary school children in California, New York, New Jersey, and Tennesseehavereceivedfreemusicaleducationandmusicalinstruments through the popular afterschool program. Students listen to andlearntoplayrock,funk,hip-hop,andtheblues.“Thekidsareexposed to a variety of artists and songs,” Wish commented. “You mightbesurprisedathowmanychildren,evensix-andseven-yearolds,arefamiliarwithJimi’sstyleandsomeofhissongs.Theyknow Jimiequalsguitar.”LesPaul,B.B.King,BonnieRaitt,PaulSimon,and BobWeirareamongthenotedmusicianswhoaresupportiveof the LittleKidsRockprogram. PhilLehmanistheexecutivedirectoroftheFenderMuseumof Music and the Arts in Corona, California, affiliated with the Fender Guitar corporation, and the Kids Rock Free program. A young girl whohasbeenlearningtoplaydrumswrotehim,“Thankyouforgiving me the opportunity to do what I love,” and her parents added, “Shelooksforwardtoeachlesson!”Similarly,ayoungguitarstudent reported,“IhavelearnedmorethanIexpected.Theteacherteaches usanythingwewant,”andoneofhisparentsnoted,“Youhaveprovidedapositiveoutletformyson’smusic,hisemotions,andenergy.” A number of students in the Fender program have learned to play several instruments. Inspiration derived from the creativity of Jimi Hendrixandhisfellowmusicianshasbeenakeyfactorinthesuccess ofthesethrivingorganizations.
A
sakidJimididadrawingofElvisPresley.IntheHendrixexhibitionatCitédelaMusiqueinParis,Iviewedthissweetportraitof
Elvis,depictedastheprototypeofthefair-skinnedall-Americanboy in blue jeans, a red jacket, and—oh, yes—a blondish pompadour! 325
SHARON LAWRENCE HendrixrespectedElvis’simpressivetitleas“KingofRockandRoll,” aware that Elvis had risen from the bottom, with his own roots of poverty,tothetop. AfriendofPresley’soncesaid,“Elvisdidn’treallypayanyattention to music unless it was gospel. I remember when he was introducedtosomeEnglishmusiciansandafterwardsaidtome,‘Whothe hellareLedZeppelin?’ ” IwonderedifElvishadevergivenathoughttoJimiHendrixinthe latesixties.IaskedtwoofPresley’sclosestfriends,JerrySchillingand JoeEsposito, keymembersofwhat was affectionatelyreferredto as theMemphisMafia. Schilling told me, “Tom Hulett, the concert promoter, talked aboutJimitous.TompromotedsomeofJimi’sshowsatthetimehe wasalsopromotingElvis.Hewasgoingtoputtogetherameetingbetween Elvis and Jimi, but it never happened.” Joe Esposito said, “Of courseElvisknewwhoJimiwas,andheappreciatedwhatagreatentertainerhewas.Wespokeabouthimafewtimes,becauseElvisunderstood that he played with his heart and his soul. With Jimi the audiencecouldfeel it,andthatalwaysmatteredtoElvis.” Achildpianoprodigy,HerbieHancocktodayisoneofthemost renowned jazz pianists in the world. In the sixties, at the age of twenty-three,hejoinedtheMilesDavisQuintet,whichalsofeatured WayneShorter,RonCarter,andTonyWilliams.“Iwasyoung,” Hancock said, “but I didn’t necessarily think like a kid. I was a ‘serious musician,’andInevergaveanythoughttoseeingHendrixperform.I hadtunnelvisionaboutjazzandwasn’tpayingattentiontorockand rollatall.YoucouldsaythatIhadanarrowviewpointinthesixties. But I began to notice that Miles Davis did have records by Hendrix, Cream,JamesBrown,andothers;hewasinterestedinalotofdifferent music. Miles, to me, was the epitome of coolness, and I said, ‘Waitaminute!’Ihadthoughtitwascooltojustbeintojazz,butseeing that Miles was open, I decided that it must also be cool to be open.Istartedtoinvestigatealittlemoreandlistentorockandfunk. “Later,”Hancocksaid,“therecameapointwhenIregrettednot 326
Jimi Hendrix recognizingHendrix’stalentwhenhewasalive,anditwasevolving.I wassorryInevergottohearhimplay.ItwastoolatewhenIcameto realizethattherewasso muchmusicinhim.Agreatimproviserplayingwithsuchfreedom.Oh,yeah,hewasavant-garde!” Like Hancock, the superb jazz guitarist Barney Kessel also had hisdoubtsaboutHendrix,andinthebeginninghefoundrockmusic forgettableforthemostpart.HissonDanKesselrecalled,“Fromthe timemybrotherDavidandIsawHendrixattheBagO’NailsinLondon, we were huge believers in Jimi.” The boys were desperate to make the father they loved a Hendrix fan. “Dad recognized there was creativitythere,ofcourse,andwewererelentlessinurginghim to play Jimi’s records. He became aware of other musicians he respected talking about Hendrix. Eventually he sat down and listened to Jimi’s music. ‘Okay, okay,’ he said. ‘He’s probably the most advanced player I’ve heard. I love the fact that he’s blues-based; it’s rock-and-roll blues. Yeah, Jimi is the guy.’ He understood that Jimi haddedicatedhimselftohisart.WhenDadcamearound,itmadeus veryhappy.” John Mayer, the musical hero of a new generation, was too young ever to have known Hendrix, but the tribute he penned in RollingStone’s“Immortals”issueofApril15,2004,resonateswitha marvelous understanding, a rare familiarity, of what Jimi was all about. Mayerwrote, JimiHendrixisoneofthoseextraordinaryhubsofmusicwhere everybody lands at some point. Every musician passesthrough Hendrix International Airport eventually—whether you’re a Black Sabbath fan or an Elmore James fan; whether you like HansonortheGratefulDead.Heisthecommondenominator ofeverystyleofmusic.Thereweresomanysidestohisplaying. Was he a bluesman? Listen to “Voodoo Chile” and you’ll hear someoftheeeriestbluesyoucanfind.Washearockmusician? He used volume as a device. That’s rock. Was he a sensitive 327
SHARON LAWRENCE singer-songwriter?In“BoldasLove,”hesings,“Myyellowinthis caseisnotsomellow/InfactI’mtryingtosaythatit’sfrightened likeme”—thatisamanwhoknowstheshapeofhisheart. IthinkthereasonmusiciansloveHendrix’splayingsomuch isthatthelanguageofitwassonativetohisheadandhisheart. Hehadasecretrelationshipwithplayingtheguitarandthough itwasincrediblytechnicalandbasedintheory,itwashis theory. AndIthinkthatwassacredtohim. These phrases—“Hendrix International Airport . . . common denominatorofeverystyleofmusic . . .”—my,my,my!JimiHendrixwas thekindofguywho’dbetrulyamazedandtouchedthatanothermusician and songwriter would concentrate this kind of deep thinking abouthimandeventakethetimetowriteitout—andsoimpressively remindtheworld,asWillieDixonhadputit,“whatthisallabout.”
O
neofthemanythingsthatimpressedmeaboutJimiandtheExperience,”LosAngeleswriterKirkSilsbeerecalledfromhisteen
years, “was that the band would tune up between numbers. You didn’tseethat withmostgroups.They’djustkeepgoingsongtosong, butJimisteppeduptothemicrophoneandsaid,‘Wetunebecausewe care.’ ” Jimi generally felt relaxed and ready for his L.A. shows. Denny Bruce remembered another Hendrix moment at one of the Experience’sForumperformances:“Hendrixstartedtheintroto‘TheWind CriesMary’withagreatcountry-tingedflavor.Thenhesteppedupto themicrophoneandsaidjauntily,“ ‘Nashville,U.S.A.!’ ” It’slikelythattheaudiencemighthavewonderedwhatthepsychedelic Mr. Hendrix could possibly know about the country-music capital of America, but the fact is that Jimi always considered Nashvilletobethetownwherehe’dembarkedontheroadtoworldwiderecognition.During1962and1963,hecouldfrequentlybeseen 328
Jimi Hendrix walkingthestreetsofNashville“playing”anunpluggedelectricguitar. Thus he wasgiventhenicknameof“Marbles,”asin,“The boy’slost hismarbles.”Thistagdidn’treallybotherhim,sinceaguitarwouldalwaysbehisfriend,hissourceoffocus,hissecurityblanket. In March 2004 the Country Music Hall of Fame premiered a high-quality exhibition titled “Night Train to Nashville: Music City Rhythm & Blues 1945–1970.” An introduction to the exhibition states,“ ‘Nashvillereallyjumps,’sangCecilGantin1946.Gantwould know, for he was one of many stars playing rhythm & blues in the emergingcapitalofcountrymusic.DuringtheyearswhenNashville grewintoitstitleofMusicCityU.S.A.,African-Americanartistssuch asLittleRichardandJimiHendrixspenthoursofbandstandapprenticeshipinNashville’sblacknightclubs.Atthesametime,Nashville station WLAC blasted rhythm & blues across half the United States whenmostnationalradioconsideredthemusictaboo,andblackand whitemusiciansmadehitrecordstogetherintheNashvillestudiosin tacitdisregardofsegregation.” In this fascinating exhibition, young Jimmy is seen enthusiastically playing guitar in a clip from Nashville’s Night Train television show, which predated Chicago’s Soul Train by five years. The rare video was loanedby Hendrix’s friend, singerFrank Howard. Asmall framednewspaperadvertisementfortheJollyRoger,oneofarowof nightspotsinNashville’sPrintersAlley,reads: JOLLY ROGER FeaturingBILLY COX and the SANDPIPERS Also JIMMY HENDRIX AND HIS MAGIC GUITAR
Michael Gray, the dedicated and painstakingly attentive cocuratoroftheexhibition,toldmethatBillyCox,alongtimeNashville resident, had been highly supportive of the museum show, loaning numerous artifacts,includingtheold Gibsonamplifier heand Hendrixshared. 329
SHARON LAWRENCE Outside,itwasasteamy-hotsouthernSaturdayinJuly,butitwas cool and comfortable inside the Ford Theater of the beautifully designed, ultraclassy Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. More thantwohundredfansofallages,Hendrixloyalists,waitedeagerlyto hearwhataspecialpanelcouldtellthemabouttheyoungmanwho’d spentmorethanayearonandoff,circa1962to1963,inNashville after his discharge from the 101st Airborne. The predominantly white audience did include a number of black musicians and older people who had encountered Hendrix in those early days and had come to pay their respects to the boy, the artist, they never saw again. It was a heartwarming occasion, a most perfect tribute to “Marbles,” who none of his Nashville friends could have guessed in the early sixties was to become an unforgettable figure in the big worldofmusic. Moderated by radio authority Ed Salamon, who as a fourteenyear-oldkidhadseenJimiwiththeIsleyBrothers,thepanel—Johnny Jones, Frank Howard, George Yates, Marion James, Billy Cox, and TeddyAcklenJr.—wereclearlyproudoftheexhibition;therecognitionoftheirrootsmeantagreatdeal,andtheymadeapointofsincerelythankingMichaelGrayinfrontoftheaudience. Johnny Jones, who got his start playing with Junior Wells and Freddy King in Chicago, was introduced as “the leading guitarist in Nashville’sgoldeneraofrhythmandblues.”AssortedR&Bmusicians hadpreviouslytoldmethatJohnny,playingleadintheImperials,had beentheveritablekingoftheclubsonJeffersonStreetandthatHendrix had been no threat. Today, as a panelist, Jones took the lead onceagaintoconfidentlyassuretheaudiencethatthathadbeenthe case. Jones,liketheothers, recognized that Hendrix was a different kind of person, and he reminded everyone that even his manner of speakingwasdifferent. The audience applauded especially warmly when Billy Cox was introduced “as one of Jimi’s oldest friends, who played with him at Woodstock and with the Band of Gypsys.” Most of the panel members were wearing their “Sunday best,” but motorcycle-crazy Billy 330
Jimi Hendrix was decked out in full biker regalia; he was, he explained, “heading outforarallylater.” “HarleysareBilly’s number-one passion these days,” I was told byoneofhisfriends. SingerMarionJames,knownasNashville’s“QueenoftheBlues,” was one of the rare women leading a band in the 1960s, and for a whilesheemployedbothHendrixandCox.Sheremembereddriving topickupJimiforagigoutoftown.Shewaitedoutsidepatiently,and whenhedidn’tappear,shefinallywentinside—andtherehewassitting on the bed, dreamily playing his guitar. He’d be “down in a minute,” he said. She went back to the car and, now impatiently, waitedsomemore.Eventuallyshereenteredthehouse,andJimiwas “stillsittingonthatbedplayinghisguitar.” Teddy Acklen Jr. grew up around music as the son of the man who owned the Club Del Morocco, where his father was known to many musicians as “Uncle Teddy.” “Young Teddy,” now a middleagedman,wasengaging,amusing,andinteresting.Astheafternoon drewtoaclose,heturnedserious,makingaspecialpointofaddressingtheaudiencetosay,“JimiHendrixwasaverygoodperson.” PanelmemberGeorgeYateshadbeendescribedbySalamonas “aguywhoplayedguitarleft-handed,playeditwithhisteeth . . . and no,I’mnot talkingaboutJimiHendrix.”Thetwoleftiesfirstmetwhen Hendrix and Billy Cox dropped by the New Era Club at Twelfth and Charlottein1963.LaterYatesandItalked.Hesaid: Whatmeandmostofthemusiciansonthepanelrealizedinthe sixtieswasthefactthatthepeopleofNashvilleknowgoodmusic.Youhadtoknowwhatyouweredoinginordertoplayand makeanymoneyatall.OneofthethingsIknewasamusician wasthatthepeoplewantedtoseeashow.SomebeingcrazyI played behind myear, behindmylegs,behind myback.It was partofwhatwedidtomakeadollar,youknow.Itdidn’thave anythingtodowithlearningorplayingthatwell.Itwaspartof theact,andpeopleseemedtotaketoit.ThenightImetJimi,he 331
SHARON LAWRENCE was interested in what I was doing, especially on a song called “Lucky Lou.” He seemed to have a certain admiration for my tones,the style, andthecraziness. Myimpressionwasthatthis wasthefirsttimehe’deverseensomeoneplaybehindtheirhead. WhereIcamefrom,guitaristsinLouisvilleweredoingit,andI learnedfromthevery,verybest.ThefirstguyIeversawdothat wasArthurPorter.WecalledhimAgie.Heusedtoplaybehind HankBallardandtheMidnighters. I had a left-handed guitar, and it was strung up like a right-handed man would play it with the small strings on the top. Jimi had the big strings on top. He could play my guitar, though;itwasabrand-newFenderStratocaster. He’dbrought alonghisblondish-lookingFenderTelecaster;JimiwasaFender man! SomethingelseYatesfondlyremembersaboutHendrix,hetold me,“Jimialwayswantedtoputonagoodshow.He’dbereallymadat himselfifitdidn’tturnoutgood.Whenhebecamefamous,andIheard ‘AllAlongtheWatchtower,’Isaidtomyself,Thisisthereal Jimi.That melodiclineatthetop—thosetones!” Yates, a sensitive man, went on, “After I heard that Jimi was dead,Ithoughtthen,andmanytimessince,thatmaybehe’djustaccomplishedallhe’dsetouttodo.”
I
n the area adjacent to Hollywood known as Universal City, the
sprawling Vivendi/Universal complex, encompassing a long and il-
lustrioushistory,rulestheland.Herestandsthefamousblackexecutive tower, along with sleek contemporary buildings, Steven
Spielberg’slavishheadquarters,andthethirty-fivehugemoviesound stageswhereOscarwinnerslikeMarlonBrando,PaulNewman,Robert Redford,GregoryPeck,andsomanymoregreatshaveemotedinclassicfilms.Fournarrowroads,mannedbyguards,formmainentrances 332
Jimi Hendrix into the studio. They are named for powerful men in the entertainment business—film director Alfred Hitchcock, actor James Stewart, andLewWasserman,formanyyearsthebigbossofUniversalStudios and virtualking ofHollywood.The fourth streetsign says JIMI
HENDRIX
DRIVE.Thisacknowledgmentwouldhavedazzledmovie-lovingJimi.In
1967, when he sat down with Leslie Perrin in London to discuss his backgroundandhisgoalsforhisfirstpublicitybio,hewasaskedabout hisprofessionalambitions.Jimigrinnedanddeclared,“Tobeamovie starandcaressthescreenwithmyshininglight.”Thenheblushed. Withthenamingofastreet,Hendrix’spresentrecordcompany, alliedwithUniversalmoviestudios,hasdonehimproud. Therearedayswhenhisfriendswishfortheimpossible—thathe could see Jimi Hendrix Drive for himself, that he could enjoy “all thosemovies”hedreamedofhavingtimetosee,thathecouldknow of the wit, the humor, and the talent of Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, and Jim Carrey. Jimi, who always appreciated laughter, would have beenthefirsttorecognizetheirartistry. When I think of what Jimi has missed out on, I remember, too, the special plaque that is placed in the heart of the French town of Evreux. It reads HERE
THE EXPERIENCE OF JIMI HENDRIX, MITCH MITCHELL AND
NOEL REDDING GAVE THEIR FIRST OFFICIAL CONCERT OCTOBER
13, 1966. Jimi
wouldbethrilledtoknowthatFrancehasnotforgottenthetriowho barely knew each other on that nervous October night. In Paris at Cité de la Musique’s “Jimi Hendrix Backstage 2002” exhibition, it wouldhaveastoundedhimtoseeondisplayhisbroken1965Stratocaster,partiallyrepairedandstillinexistence.OnJune4,1967,atthe Saville Theatre in London, as he wound up “Are You Experienced?” Hendrix smashed the guitar and then tossed it into the audience. He’d drawn flowers on the front, and on the back he’d depicted a heartfulloffeelings,endingwiththewords“Mydarlingguitar.Restin peace.Amen.” Americans who visited the Boston Museum of Fine Arts from November 5, 2000, through February 25, 2001, viewed another of Jimi’sguitarsinamemorableexhibitionencompassingfourhundred 333
SHARON LAWRENCE years of stringed instruments, entitled “Dangerous Curves . . . The Art of the Guitar.” Curator Darcy Kuronen wrote, “The guitar has beenamusicaliconformorethanfourcenturiesfromthecourtsof EuropetothefieldsofWoodstock.Overthattime,itsformanddecorationhavevarieddramatically,morethanthoseofanyothermusical instrument,changingwithtimeandplace.Whetherembracedinthe arms or worn like a talisman, the guitar is intimately bound to its player—not just an instrument but a partner.” There in Boston, alongside exquisite baroque guitars, lyres, mandolins, and guitar harps was a 1967 Gibson Flying V,once owned and played by Hendrix.Inthoseexhibitionroomswasproof ofoneofhismostheartfelt beliefs—the continuity, the bond, between musicians through the centuries.Allthose “partners”on display,justmeant formagic fingers . . . Jimiwouldhavebeenecstatic.
I
n the summer of 1969, I drove up a West Hollywood side street leadingtotheSunsetStriponabalmyFridaynight,thelastraysof
anactualsunsetilluminatingthesky.AheadIcouldseethebrightly coloredWhiskyAGo-Goonitsprominentcorner,asIwaitedatared stoplightthattookforevertoturntogreen. On that corner outside the Whisky stood a tall slim figure in
creamyoff-whitesuedepants andjacketdripping withthickfringe, complete with matching shoulder bag, its own fringe catching the breeze—itwasanarrestingportraitofJimiHendrixinprofile,avision ofabsolutebeautyinthisexpensiveensemble.Asheturnedthough, therewassomethinginhisface,inhisbodylanguage,thatspokeof loneliness,ofbeingslightlyoutofplace.Ashestoodtherebyhimself, thesidewalkstartedtofillwithyoungmenandwomenontheirway toaneveningattheWhisky,perhapshopingthey’dbeluckyenough tositintheredboothsagainstthewallasopposedtothetablesand chairsupstairs.OncetheyrecognizedHendrix,expressionsofdisbeliefcameovertheirfaces.Theyweresweetlythrilled. 334
Jimi Hendrix When the light finally changed, I drove across Sunset. I saw a teenage boy stop in his tracks. My car windows were rolled down. “Oh!” I faintly heard him say. “Oh . . . how neat!” I pulled into the parking lot of the gas station a few feet from the Whisky so I could continue to take in this charming scene of fans enthralled to be so veryclosetothisgreatgodoftheirworld.Hendrixremainedstill,but now he was smiling as dozens of fans came closer, yet respectfully keptjustabitofdistance.“Howareyou?”Iheardhimsay,andhewas asgraciousandgentlewiththeseyoungpeopleashehadbeentome theeveningI’dfirstmethim.Thekidsexchangedexpressionsofdelight;howcouldyouevertopthis? Sitting parked at the gas station for at least five minutes, I wondered,shouldIgetoutofthecarandaskJimiifheneededaride?Why washealone?Famousstarsdon’tjuststandbythemselvesonLosAngeles street corners. Still, I couldn’t think of interrupting this joyful crowd. Jimi was a grown man; he could handle himself, and here he was surrounded by love and appreciation. I’m sure that no one who wastherethatsummernighthaseverforgottenthisshiningencounter. All these years later, for me and for his other friends, from NashvilletoLondon,LosAngelestoNewYork,ourmemoriesofHendrixareasvividtodayastheywereinthesixties.Hewaslikenoother. The odds were against him from his birth. Success, when it came, offered a life that proved equally precarious and undependable.Hewasbetrayedoverandoveragain. Perhapsitnolongermatters.ForJimiHendrix’smagnificenttalent and incandescent spirit continue triumphant. An ever-growing audienceofallagesineverycountryintheworldreveresthemusicof the humble young man who played only, in his words, “truth and emotion.” Remember the “golden-winged ship” that made the crippled girl jumpinoneofhisgreatestsongs,“CastlesMadeofSand”?“Anditreally didn’thavetostop,”Hendrixwhispered.“Itjustkeptongoing.” The castle melted into the sea. But fame, that most capricious goddess,hasstoodbyhim. 335
Acknowledgments
AbouquettoJoFagan,thetalentedpublishingprofessionalwhointroduced me andmyHendrix materialtoMauroDiPretaatHarperCollins. ThankyoutoMauroDiPreta,ChristopherGoff,JoelleYudin,SusanSanguily,andtheentireHarperCollinsteam. Thank you to my agent Martha Kaplan, her colleague Jenny Meyer,andtolawyerandgentlemanEllisLevine. ThankyoutoMichaelLydonforhisintegrityandadvice,andto the wondrous writer Stanley Booth, whose words linger in my ears everyday—“Wewereyoungandso emotional.”MygratitudetoSan Francisco music authority Joel Selvin, spellbinding to hear as he recreatedtheBayAreamusicsceneofthesixtiesforme. Thankyoutothemorethan250sources,namedandunnamed, throughout the United States, England, Scotland, Ireland, and FranceformeaningfulconversationsaboutJimiHendrixbothbefore andafterhisdeath.Withregardtothe68American,English,andEuropeanattorneysandnumerousrecordindustryexectivesthrough-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS outtheworldwhospokeonconditionofanonymity,thankyoufor trustingme. ThankyoutotheSeattleneighbors,friends,andadmirersofthe young Johnny/Jimmy Hendrix for sharing long-held concerns and memories throughout the years. I continue to keep my promise to eachofyouandrespectyourcollectiverightnottobenamed. Thankyoutoworld-classphotographersJean-PierreLeloir,BarrieWenzell, andHenryDiltz. Anda special thankyou toJimi’s aunt DoloresforphotographsofJohnny/Jimmy/Jimi,hisbrotherLeon,and theirmother,Lucille. Thankyoutoallthemenandwomenaroundtheworldwhocontinue to risk their lives in the interests of peace and freedom for all humanbeings.ThemusicofJimiHendrixresonatesformanyofyou, andthisfactwouldbemostmeaningfultohim. My deep appreciation to Ronnie Mann, Cecil Hardaway, Minnie Scott,SuzanneFinstad,andtoJoeJohnson,BridgetMcConnellandVictorHenryinMonterey,California,fortheirhelpandprofessionalism. RosesalwaystomymotherMargaretLennartzLawrence,toCarolineBoucher,VickiWickham,NancyLewisJones,PatriciaCostello, andtothelate,great,andlovelyPennyValentine.
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About the Author
started her career as a reporter for the United Press International’s Los Angeles bureau. Her specialty was the entertainment beat, including film and pop music. After more than five years with UPI, she became a management, marketing, and PR consultant for such clients as MCA, Columbia, Apple, and Rocket Record Company, as well as for major movie studios. She has worked with numerous artists including Elton John, David Bowie, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice, and Lynyrd Skynyrd. Lawrence is the author of So You Want to Be a Rock and Roll Star and Old Carmel in Rare Photographs. She lives in Los Angeles. SHARON LAWRENCE
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Credits
Designed by Jeffrey Pennington Jacket design by P. R. Brown @ Bau-Da Design Lab Front jacket photograph © jean-pierre leloir
Copyright
Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to quote from the following: “Hoochie Coochie Man,” written by Willie Dixon. Copyright © 1957, renewed 1985 Hoochie Coochie Music (BMI); administered by BUG. All rights reserved. Used by permission. “Ain’t No Man Righteous (No Not One),” words and music by Bob Dylan. Copyright © 1981 by Special Rider Music. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. Reprinted by permission. “All Along the Watchtower,” words and music by Bob Dylan. Copyright © 1968 by Dwarf Music. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. Reprinted by permission. “Like a Rolling Stone,” words and music by Bob Dylan. Copyright © 1965 by Warner Bros. Inc. Copyright renewed 1993 by Special Rider Music. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. Reprinted by permission. Excerpt from “WNEW” by Woody Guthrie. Copyright © 1965 (renewed) by Woody Guthrie Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Excerpt from article by Pete Townshend from Rolling Stone, September 18, 2003. Copyright © 2003 by Rolling Stone LLC. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission.
Excerpt from article by John Mayer from Rolling Stone, April 15, 2004. Copyright © 2004 by Rolling Stone LLC. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission. JIMI HENDRIX.
Copyright © 2005 by Sharon Lawrence.All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBound™. PerfectBound™ and the PerfectBound™ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Adobe Acrobat eBook Reader January 2005 ISBN 0-06-077554-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lawrence, Sharon, 1948– Jimi Hendrix : the man, the magic, the truth / by Sharon Lawrence.—1st ed. p. cm.
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