Learn to Speak English: Методическое пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения (часть 2)

Министерство образования Российской Федерации Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

Ульяновский государственный технический университет

Learn to Speak English Методическое пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения

Ульяновск 2003

Министерство образования Российской Федерации Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

Ульяновский государственный технический университет

Learn to Speak English Методическое пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения (часть 2)

Составители: Г. К. Асафова Т. А. Матросова

Ульяновск 2003

УДК 802.0(076) ББК 81.2Англ я 7 Л 33 Рецензент доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки» УлГТУ, канд. филал. наук., доцент Пятышина Т.Г. Одобрено секцией методических пособий научно-методического совета университета

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Learn to Speak English : Методическое пособие для студентов всех специальностей дневного отделения (часть 2) /Сост. Г. К. Асафова, Т. А. Матросова. – Ульяновск: УлГТУ, 2003. – 72 с. Пособие составлено в соответствии с программой курса английского языка для высшей школы, построено на материале американского курса Multimedia “Learn to speak English”. В пособие включены тексты, диалоги, грамматические упражнения и идиомы. Кроме того, каждый урок содержит список разговорных выражений, словарь по тематике урока и творческие задания. Пособие позволяет овладеть навыками разговорной речи и навыками общения на английском языке. Предназначено для студентов 1 и 2 курсов всех специальностей дневного обучения. Работа подготовлена на кафедре «Иностранные языки».

УДК 802.0(076) ББК 81.2Англ я 7

© Г. К. Асафова, Т. А. Матросова, 2003 © Оформление. УлГТУ, 2003

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Lesson 16. APPLYING FOR A CREDIT CARD I. NOTE One of the fundamental rites of passage for most young adults in the U.S. is applying for and receiving their first credit card. Credit cards are issued by almost anyone — bookstores, service stations, banks, department stores, record stores, etc. The requirements for some credit cards are tougher than for others. Many people start off with a gasoline card, which is relatively to obtain. Two of the best known brands of credit or bank cards in the U.S. are Visa and MasterCard. Most of these cards carry a monthly service charge as well as annual interest in the 16-21% range. Cards like American Express are not actually credit cards, because you cannot defer payment on any part of your balance. Having a credit card opens many doors in the U.S., but also entails considerable risk if used unwisely. II. DIALOGUE Credit employee: Are you applying for a Miller’s charge? You: Yes, how long will it take for approval? Credit employee: Only a few weeks. Have you filled out the application form yet? You: Not entirely. I’m not a U.S. citizen. My bank and previous charge accounts are all abroad. What should I do? Credit employee: I don’t think there’ll be a problem. Just write down the name and number of your accounts at home. We'll let our credit office work on this. You: Is there a charge to use the card? Credit employee: There’s no charge for the card itself. You pay a small amount of interest on the remaining balance at the end of each month. You: Is there a limit on what I can charge? Credit employee: We’ll start you off with a $1200 maximum. If your credit history is good, and you need to increase your line, we can usually do it. You: Great. When can I start using it? Credit employee: We should have approval within ten days. Where shall we mail your card? You: To this address. I’m having all my mail forwarded while I’m out of town. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to answer the questions in the way shown. Example: “Did Ann make that dress herself?” “No, ... she had it made... 1 “Did you cut your hair yourself?” “No, I ...” 2 “Did they paint the house themselves?” “No, they ...”

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3 “Did Jim cut down that tree himself?” “No, ...” 4 “Did Sue repair the car herself?” “No, ...” 2. You are giving advice to a friend. Use should or shouldn't. Example: Your friend is always coughing because he smokes too much. Advise him to stop smoking. ...You should stop smoking... 1 Your friend has a bad toothache. Advise him to go to the dentist. You ... 2 Your friend rides his bicycle at night without lights. You think this is dangerous. Advise him not to do it. ... 3 Your friend is going to visit Greece. Advise him to learn a few words of Greek before he goes. ... IV. IDIOMS For a Song (for very little money) Sara, I picked up the perfect chair for the living room the other day. That’s wonderful. I know you’ve been looking for some time. Where did you finally come across what you wanted? I was really quite lucky. I got it for a song at a little furniture store. I was able to buy it for very little money because the owners of the store were right in the middle of their spring liquidation sale. Money Burns a Hole in Someone’s Pocket (someone spends as much money as possible; informal) Sally can’t seem to save anything. Money burns a hole in her pocket. If money burns a hole in your pocket, you never have any for emergencies. Money Is No Object (it does not matter how much something costs) Please show me your finest automobile. Money is no object. I want the finest earrings you have. Don’t worry about how much it costs because money is no object. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Credit cards Where can I get a credit card? What annual fee do I have to pay to get the card? When do I pay the annual fee? What do I need to get a credit card?

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What documents do I need prove my income? What credit line can I have? What credit cards are accepted here? Do you accept Master Card? VI. VOCABULARY account счёт (в банке) amount сумма annual fee ежегодная плата balance остаток bank банк bank statement выписка из счёта bank teller кассир (в банке) banking банковские операции bill банкнота bill купюра blank check незаполненный чек bounced check чек, возвращенный банком(из-за отсутствия средств на счёте) canceled check погашенный чек change, small change, silver мелочь check чек checking/savings account комбинированный/текущий счёт code number of a bank branch код отделения банка countersignature контрольная подпись deposit вклад deposit account срочный вклад deposit slip приходный ордер hard (freely convertible) currency свободно конвертируемая валюта holder of a check владелец чека identification card удостоверение личности interest проценты по вкладам line of credit сумма предоставляемого кредита loan займ money деньги money order денежный перевод non-banking hours нерабочие часы банка personal identification number номер удостоверения личности personal reference рекомендация plastic card чековая карточка purchase reference свидетельство о покупке туристских чеков

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rate of exchange savings account, deposit account savings bank service charge service charge (fee) on a check spending money, pocket money tax to bank by computer to be taxable to carry cash to cash a check to cash a check to draw money out of one’s account to earn interest on money to exchange one’s money for dollars to wire money to withdraw money from one’s account withdrawal slip

валютный курс срочный счёт сберегательный банк плата (за услуги) плата за банковские операции по оформлению чека карманные деньги налог получать деньги по автомату в подлежит обложению налогом носить деньги с собой получать деньги по чеку оплачивать чек снимать деньги со счёта получать проценты по вкладам обменивать валюту на доллары переводить деньги по телеграфу снятие денег со счёта расходный ордер

Abbreviations PIN = personal identification number номер удостоверения личности 1. a) b) 1. 2. 3.

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Speak on the following situations: Explain to your friend who is from Russia how he could apply for a credit card in the USA. You are a bank employee. You have to explain to your customer what s\he needs to do to get a credit card and the difference between various credit cards. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV to VI. Say what you have learnt about credit cards in the USA. Say if there is the same system of credit cards in Russia.

Lesson 17. ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS I. NOTE Despite the size of the U.S., it is easy to travel from state to state by taking the extensive interstate system. Interstate highways crisscross America from north to south and east to west. If you’re driving from coast to coast, you should allow several weeks so you can see the sights along the way. Travel agencies can help you plan the trip and make hotel or motel reservations for you. Some agencies, like the AAA, specialize in automobile travel. One of their

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services is to plan a driving trip for you. They will put together an itinerary along with maps and recommendations about interesting sights you may want to see. Unlike travel agencies, AAA requires that you join their organization, so you can take advantage of such services as trip planning, insurance, etc. Despite the high quality of interstate highways in the U.S. you should be careful not to drive too fast. Most highways are patrolled by police with radar. II. DIALOGUE AAA Agent: Good morning. Can I help you? You: I’ m trying to figure out the best way to get to Washington, D.C. AAA Agent: Are you driving or flying? You: I’m driving. My car’s parked outside. AAA Agent: You have two options. The first is to take Interstate 85 north through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. You: What’s the other option? AAA Agent: You could also take I-75 north through Georgia into Tennessee. In Tennessee, you pick up I-81 which will take you through Virginia to Washington. You: Is there a difference in distance between the two? AAA Agent: I-85 is somewhat shorter, but it’s not as scenic, and there’s usually a lot more traffic. You: How do I pick up I-85 in Atlanta? AAA Agent: Just head north on the freeway until you reach the I-285 beltway. Then follow the signs. You: By the way, do you have any information about the Washington, D.C. area? AAA Agent: Sure. Here’s a packet of brochures. Do you need a hotel reservation? You: No thanks. I’ve already made one. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make suggestions. Use could. Example: Where shall we go for our holidays? (Scotland) ...We could go to Scotland... 1 What shall we have for dinner tonight? (fish) ... 2 When shall we go and see Tom? (on Friday) ... 3 What shall I give Ann for her birthday? (a book) ... 2. Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form).Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible. Example: Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I ...must (or have to)... go now.

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Ann was feeling ill last night. She ...had to... leave the party early. 1 You really ... work harder if you want to pass that examination. 2 Many children in Britain ... wear uniform when they go to school. 3 Last night Don suddenly became ill. We ... call the doctor. 4 Ann has ... wear glasses since she was eight years old. 5 I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I ... work late. 6 I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I ... work late. 7 Tom may ... go away next week. 8 We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We ... take it to a garage. 9 When you come to London again, you ... come and see us. 3. Now make questions with have to. Example: “Tom had to go to the police station.” “Why ...did he have to go to the police station?... l “Ann has to leave tomorrow.” “What time exactly ...” 2 “We had to answer a lot of questions in the examination.” “How many questions ...” 3 “George had to pay a parking fine.” “How much ...” 4 “I have to get up early tomorrow.” “Why ...” 4. This time make negative sentences with have to. Example: “Did they change trains?” “No, it was a through train so ...they didn’t have to change (trains)...” 1 “Did you pay to get into the concert?” “No, we had free tickets so we ...” 2 “Does Jack shave?” “No, he’s got a beard so ...” 3 “Did you get up early this morning?” “No, it’s my day off so ...” 4 “Do you work?” “No, I’m extremely rich so ...” IV. IDIOMS All Roads Lead to Rome (there are many different routes to the same goal) Mary was criticizing the way that Jane was planting the flowers. John said, “Never mind, Mary, all roads lead to Rome.” Some people learn by doing. Others have to be taught. In the long run, all roads lead to Rome. End of the Road End of the Line (the end; the end of the whole process; death)

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When we reach the end of the road on this project, we’ll get paid. You’ve come to the end of the line. I’ll not lend you another penny. When I reach the end of the road, I wish to be buried in a quiet place, near some trees. A Stone’s Throw Away (a short distance; informal) John saw Mary across the street, just a stone’s throw away. Philadelphia is just a stone’s throw away from New York City. All the Way (from the beginning to the end) I walked all the way home. The ladder reaches all the way to the top of the house. Get in Someone’s Way (to interfere with someone’s movement or intentions) Tom is going to back out the car. Please, don’t get in his way. I intend to run for Congress. You had better not get in my way. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Asking the way I’m a stranger here I’m a foreigner Excuse me, can you tell me where ... is? Can you tell me the way to ... ? How can I get from here to ... ? Can you tell me how to get to ... ? Is it far from here? Is it too far to walk? How far is it from here? Can I walk there or must I take a bus or subway? What is the shortest way to ... ? What is the best way to get there? Can you show me how to get there on this map? Write down the address for me, please I’m trying to locate this address I don’t know the way to ... I’ve lost my way Officer, I think I’m lost What’s the name of this street? Am I going the right way for ... ? In what direction must I go?

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Where is the crossing? Is there a city information center? Where is the city information center? Is there a subway station (post office, coffee shop, McDonalds) near here? This way, sir. It’s only a short way to the square. It’s a long way from here. Which is the best way there? You are going in the opposite way (direction). I can’t find my way in. Which is the way out? Are you going my way? Shall I see you part of the way? He lives over the way (on the other side of the road). It is an out-of-the-way place (corner). The taxi-driver brought us a long way round, not by the shortest way. Where does the road lead? You may go by either road. You’ve mistaken the road. May I help you over the road? Are we on the right road? On turning the corner you’ll see that the road descends steeply. The road slopes to the sea by a gradual descent. The roads are slick (slippery) with wet mud. The motor-car skidded (slipped sidewise) on the wet road. It’s a long distance off. It’s no distance at all. It’s quite a distance from here. Oh, some distance. He lives within easy distance from his office. My house is within walking distance from the University. avenue beach block booth busy centre change cinema circus

VI. VOCABULARY авеню пляж квартал будка, кабина занятый, оживлённый (об улице) центр изменять, менять кинотеатр цирк

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corner cross crossing estate fare find out get on get off hostel lane left main mean (meant, meant) noisy number pardon me pavement place pleasure porter post post office right run (ran, run) square stop store; department store taxi-rank trolley-bus turn underground zoo

угол пересекать, переходить (улицу) перекрёсток жилой квартал плата за проезд узнавать, разузнавать сесть (на трамвай) выйти (из трамвая) общежитие переулок левый главный, основной иметь в виду шумный номер извините тротуар место; ставить, помещать удовольствие носильщик почта почтамт правый бегать, ходить площадь остановка; останавливаться магазин; универмаг стоянка такси троллейбус поворачивать метро зоопарк

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Add a beginning (begin with: May I ask you…, Be so kind as to…, will you please…, Would you please…, Could I trouble you for…): (1)—… --- You may go by either road. (2)---… ---Not that way. The information booth is over there. (3)---… --- It’s a long distance off. You’d better take a bus.

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(4)---… ---Sure it is. We can’t do better than take a taxi. (5)--- … --- Certainly it is, but if you walk, you’ll have to give yourself half an hour to get there in time. (6)---… --- It’s at the other end of the town. (7)---… ---It’s a stone’s throw from here. 2. Complete the following sentences according to the given model: If you want to get to the hostel quickly… (взять такси) If you want to get to the hostel quickly, you can’t do(any) better than take a taxi/ You should better take a taxi/ you had better take a taxi. (1) If you don’t want to be lost…(обратиться к девушке в справочном бюро). (2) If you want to ask the way… (обратиться к милиционеру). (3) If you don’t want to miss the house…(идти прямо). (4) If you want to get to the café… (дойти до площади и повернуть направо). (5) If you want to reach the taxi-stand quickly…(выходить из вокзала с правой стороны). (6) If you want to get off at your destination…(попросить кондуктора высадить вас у площади). (7) If you want to get there in time… (выходить за полчаса). 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V. Lesson 18. BUYING GAS I. NOTE While it is still possible to find full-service gasoline stations in the U.S., they are being replaced increasingly by self service outlets where you pump your own gas. At some service stations, you have the option of pumping the gas yourself or having an attendant do it for you. Usually, the price per gallon of gas is considerably higher at a full service pump. Most service stations accept credit cards for payment, including Visa and MasterCard. Be sure to ask about this before filling up your car. Unleaded gasoline is now required for all cars manufactured in the U.S. There are various grades of octane levels of gas. You will usually find such names as “Premium” or “Super” (highest octane level) and “Regular” for the lower octane level.

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II. DIALOGUE Service Station Attention: Regular or super unleaded? You: Regular, please. Could you also check the oil and the tires? (You read the instructions for Washington.) Service Station Attention: Your oil is down a bit. Shall I put in a quart? You: OK. Would you mind cleaning the windshield, too? Service Station Attention: Sure. Where are you headed? You: To Washington. I’ve got to do some research there. I know nothing about the city. Service Station Attention: It’s a great place — lots of good restaurants, museums, and stores. How long will you be there? You: I’m not sure yet. Probably several days. Service Station Attention: Have a safe trip! And don’t miss the Smithsonian! (The instruction for Washington look complicated. And you still have to go to Chicago and the West coast! As you drive away, you wonder whether you’ll be able to collect your inheritance after all.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing). Example: Tom is out of breath. (he/run) ...He has been running... 1 Ann is very tired. (she/work/hard) ... 2 Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill/fight)... 3 George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he/lie/ in the sun) ... 4 Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis) ... 2. This

time you have to ask a question for each situation. Example: Your friend’s hands are covered in oil. (you/work/on the car?) ...Have you been working on the car? ...

1 You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you/cry?) ... 2 You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?) ... 3 Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty. (what/you/do?) ... 3. This time you have to imagine that you are talking

to a friend. Read the situation and question beginning in the way shown. Example: Your friend is learning Arabic.

ask

a

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How long ...have

you

been

learning Arabic?...

1 Your friend is waiting for you. How long ... 2 Your friend writes books. How many books ... 3 Your friend writes books. How long ... 4 Your friend plays football for his country. How many times ... 4. In this exercise you have to read a situation and

then write a sentence. Example: The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. (they/fight) ...They had been fighting...

1 Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/ hard all day) He ... 2 When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/smoke/in the room) Somebody ... 3 When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in the sun too long) ... 4 The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football) ... 5 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn’t know where she was. (she/dream) ... IV. IDIOMS Gas UP (to fill up one’s gasoline tank with gasoline; informal) I have to stop at the next service station and gas up. The next time you gas up, try some of the gasoline with alcohol in it. Run out of Gas (run out of energy; lose momentum; run out of petrol) We can’t go any further. We are running out of gas. What a day! We’ve been working since morning, and I’m really running out of gas. This electric clock runs out of gas. I’ll have to get a new one. Add Fuel to the Fire/ Flame (to make a problem worse) To spank a crying child just adds fuel to the fire. Bill was shouting angrily, and Bob tries to get him to stop by laughing at him. Of course that was just adding fuel to the flame.

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V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Where is the nearest gas station? I want ... gallons of gas I need some oil Fill it, please Six gallons of regular, please Five dollars worth of regular, please Put some water in the radiator Please put some antifreeze in Wash the car, please Put air in the tires, please Change the tire, please Change the spark plugs, please I want the oil changed I’d like the windshield cleaned Will you check the tires? I think the tires are low on air Check the oil, please Please check the battery Can you charge the battery? What’s the gas mileage? What kind of gas does it take? amount of gas antifreeze attendant at the gas station automatic transmission back up battery dead battery drive a car economy car fender fill the gas tank yourself gas mileage gas station gas station gas, gasoline let the car pass overtake a car

VI. VOCABULARY количество бензина антифриз служащий автозаправки автоматическая система передач подать автомобиль задним ходом аккумулятор разрядившийся аккумулятор водить машину малолитражный автомобиль бампер заливать бензин самому (самообслуживание) расход бензина на … автозаправочная станция бензоколонка бензин пропустить автомобиль догнать автомобиль

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overtake and pass a car regular gas release the hand brake rest area; parking areafreeway, expressway self-serve island set the hand brake super/ hi-test gas tank traffic police used car

догнать и обогнать автомобиль обычный бензин (93-ий) снять с ручного тормоза автомобильная стоянка автозаправочная станция самообслуживания поставить на ручной тормоз высокооктановый бензин бак автоинспекция подержанный автомобиль

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Explain what kinds of gasoline stations exist in the USA. 2. Speak on the differences in services at the gas stations in the USA and in Russia. 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections Lesson 19. YOUR CAR BREAKS DOWN I. NOTE Many Americans now have telephones in their cars. Increasingly, you will see people driving while holding a telephone. Some are concerned that it is unwise to drive engage in a telephone conversation at the same time. Those who have car telephones defend their use by saying that they actually drive more slowly and cautiously, because they are not in such hurry to get to the office to return their phone calls. Throughout the U.S., the number 911 has been recognized as an emergency telephone number. By dialing 911, you can report your whereabouts and a lifethreatening situation. Fire, police, or medical personnel are then dispatched depending on the circumstances. II. DIALOGUE You: I don’t know what’s wrong. It’s a rental car. Maybe I should call the emergency number of the agency. Motorist: Can I give you a lift to the next exit? (You notice that he has a telephone in his car.) You: If you don’t mind, I think I’ll call the rental agency. Motorist: Not at all. Go right ahead.

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(You dial the emergency number. The agent who answers tells you to have your car towed to the nearest garage. They will reimburse the garage for any parts and labor. You hang up.) You: Thanks. Can you drop me off at the Exxon station at the next exit? Motorist: No problem. You’re not from around here are you? You: No, I’m not an American. I’m visiting the U.S. for the first time. I’ve been to Atlanta, Georgia, and now I’m on my way to your nation’s capital. Motorist: You mean Washington? You: That’s right. Motorist: I’ve never been there. I’d like to go there one day. They say it’s a lovely city. Hope the rest of your trip goes well! III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make sentences with may or might. The first four sentences are present. Examples: “Do you know if Jack is in his office?” “...I’m not sure. He may be in his office...” “Do you know if Ann likes ice-cream?” “...I’m not sure. She might like ice-cream...” 1 “Do you know if they are married?” “I’m not sure. They ...” 2 “Do you know if she wants to go?” “I’m not sure ...” 3 “Do you know if he’s telling the truth?” “I’m ...” 4 “Do you know if he has a car?” “I ...” The next three sentences are past. Examples: “Do you know if he was serious?” “...I’m not sure. He might have been serious...” “Do you know if they were looking?” “...I’m not sure. They may have been looking...” 5 “Do you know if she was ill?” “I’m not sure. She ...” 6 “Do you know if she told anybody?” “I ...” 7 “Do you know if they were listening?” “...” And now you have to use may not or might not. Example: “Is Jack in his office?” “...I’m not sure. He might not be in his office...” 8 “Does she want to go?” “...”

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9 “Is he telling the truth?” “...” 10 “Are they ready?” “...” 2. In this exercise you have to talk about your (and other people’s)future plans. But you are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might. Example: Where are you going for your holidays? (to Italy???) I haven’t finally decided but ...I may (or might) go to Italy... 1 What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes???) I’m not sure yet but I ... 2 What are you doing this weekend? (go to London???) I don’t know for sure but ... 3 Where are you going to hang that picture? (in the dining-room???) I haven’t made up my mind yet but ... 4 When is Tom coming to see us? (tomorrow evening???) I’m not sure but ... 5 What’s Jill going to do when she leaves school? (a secretarial course???) She hasn’t decided yet but ... 3. This time you have to talk about possible happenings. Use the word(s)in brackets. Examples: Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may) ...It may rain this afternoon... Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not) ...She might not come to the party... 1 Do you think Tom will be late? (may) He ... 2 Do you think Ann will be able to find our house? (might not) She ... 3 Do you think there’ll be an election this year? (might) There ... 4 Do you think Tony will pass the exam? (may not) ... 5 Do you think they’ll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might) ... 6 Do you think it’ll snow later? (may) ... IV. IDIOMS Smell a Rat (feel that something is wrong) How come the front door is open? Didn’t you close it before we went shopping? I’m sure I did. I can’t understand it. Frankly, I smell a rat. Me, too. I’m convinced that something is definitely wrong here.

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We’d better call the police. Go to the Dogs (become run-down) Have you seen their house lately? It’s really gone to the dogs. It’s true that it has become run-down and in serious need of repair, but I’m sure that it can be fixed up to look like new. I guess with a little carpently work and some paint it could look pretty decent. Take the Bull by the Horns (take decisive action in a difficult situation) Julie had always felt that she was missing out on a lot of fun because of her clumsiness on the dance floor. She had been putting off taking lessons, but she finally took the bull by the horns and went to a professional dance studio for help. She was tired of feeling left out and acted decisively to correct the situation. Hot Under the Collar (extremely angry) Did you see how Bill came in to work this morning? Did I ever! Boy, was he hot under the collar! What brought that on? He said that he was extremely angry because he got stuck in slow-moving traffic and arrived late for an important business meeting. All’s Well That Ends Well (a successful outcome is worth the effort) Hi, Benito. How are things going? Well, everything’s OK now. Remember that teaching job for which I applied? Yes, I sure do. Well, I was finally hired, but I had a bit of a rough time before I got it. Between all that paperwork and all those interviews, I’m all worn out. Thank goodness it’s all over. Great! All’s well that ends well. After all that you went through, I’m happy to hear that things finally turned out satisfactorily for you. Yes, I’m happy, too. It was really worth the effort. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Trouble on the road I have a problem with my car I want to phone a garage I have trouble with my car. Can you help me? We must call the police about this accident

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There should be a special phone on the shoulder of the road I’ve had an accident My car broke down on the ... road (parkway, expressway) My car is stuck The engine died The brakes aren’t working I have a flat tire The wheels are making a grinding noise The engine won’t start I ran out of gas A car hit my car from behind Where can I rent a car? How much does it cost to rent a car? What is the cost per day (per mile)? What are the weekly (monthly) rates? How do I pay for renting a car? What’s the gas mileage? How much is the deposit? When can I pick up the car? What kind of gas does it take? What do I do if the car brakes down? Do I have to pay for repairs if the car breaks down? Who do I call if the car breaks down? Who do I notify if there is an accident? accident report air conditioning auto mechanic auto mechanic shop back door be licensed to drive bearing bend brake fluid car registration change gears check the oil cost of repair crossroad damage a car dashboard

VI. VOCABULARY протокол дорожного происшествия кондиционер автомеханик станция техобслуживания задняя дверь иметь водительские права подшипник крутой поворот тормозная жидкость регистрация автомобиля переключать передачу скоростей проверить масло стоимость ремонта перекрёсток повредить автомобиль приборная доска

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driver’s license driving regulations driving violation engine enter (merge into) highway exceed the speed limit exit the highway fender fill out an accident report flat tire foot brake fork freeway, expressway front door gear gearshift hand brake have the car repaired highway hold up traffic hood horn ignition system international Driver’s License intersection level of alcohol in blood license plate lights main road make a U-turn mileage offense oil one-way traffic overtake, pass parking lights parking ticket police officer police station put air in the tire

водительские права правила вождения автомашины нарушение правил вождения двигатель въезжать на шоссе превышать скорость съезжать с шоссе бампер заполнять протокол дорожного происшествия спущенное колесо ножной тормоз разветвление автострада передняя дверь передача скоростей рычаг передачи скоростей ручной тормоз ремонтировать автомобиль шоссе задерживать движение капот гудок зажигание международное водительское удостоверение т-образный перекрёсток уровень алкоголя в крови номерной знак фары главная дорога развернуться километраж правонарушение масло одностороннее движение обгонять; обгон габаритные огни извещение об уплате штрафа полицейский полицейский участок накачать шины

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rearview mirror repair report an accident road accident seat belt service station side road spark plugs speed speed limit steering steering wheel step on the brake tail lights take a driving test tire traffic circle traffic jam, hold-up, tie-up traffic lights traffic signs, road signs turn off the engine turn on headlights turn signal, “blinkers” turning two-way traffic wheel windshield wipers

зеркало заднего вида ремонт сообщать о дорожном происшествии дорожное происшествие ремень безопасности авторемонтная мастерская второстепенная дорога свечи скорость предельная скорость рулевое управление руль затормозить задний свет держать экзамен на права шина круговое движение дорожная пробка светофор дорожные знаки выключить двигатель включить передние фары сигнал поворота поворот двустороннее движение колесо ветровое стекло «дворники»

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. (a) You have just come to the US, and you enquire the hotel receptionist about renting a car. What questions would you ask? (b) You have to explain your Russian friend how he can rent a car in the USA. 2. Give advice to a driver whose car broke down. 3. Make up dialogues with the expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 20. A WASHINGTON TRAFFIC JAM

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I. NOTE Washington, D.C., is both the capital of the United States and one its most beautiful and historic cities. The metropolitan Washington area has a population of close to four million. Washington is the headquarters of the federal government. All three brunches of the US government, the legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court) reside and meet in Washington. The President proposes laws and manages America's relations with other countries. Congress makes and passes legislation. Finally, the Supreme Court interprets the laws, deciding whether they are constitutional or not. Some of the famous places mentioned in Aunt Stephanie's letter are: — Georgetown, a fashionable residential area and site of Georgetown University. — Smithsonian Institution: several museums housing more than 60 million items. The museums are as follows: National Air and Space museum (where you can see the Wright brothers’ plane and Charles Lindbergh's “Spirit of Saint Louis”; National Museum of American History; National Museum of Natural History; and the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building. The world famous National Gallery of Art and Hirshhorn Museum are also part of the Smithsonian. — National Archives, containing the original of Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence. — National Arboretum, which has trees and shrubs from many parts of the world. — Lincoln Memorial, a monument honoring Abraham Lincoln. — US Capitol, the place where members of Congress meet to discuss and vote on legislation. II. DIALOGUE You(reading your Aunt’s letter):”Washington taught me so much about American history. I therefore instruct my nephew to do the following while he is in Washington: 1. Visit Georgetown where I lived a number of years ago as a student. 2. Have dinner at Antonio’s, my favorite Italian restaurant. Request a menu and bring back a copy of the check as proof. 3. Visit the Smithsonian Institution. Take a picture of Lindbergh’s “Spirit of St. Louis.” 4. Visit the National Archives to view the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. 5. Drive through the National Arboretum, Washington’s best-kept secret. 6. Finish by visiting the Lincoln Memorial and the U.S. Capitol.

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While I do not expect my nephew to prove that he visited all the places I have listed, I assume that he will follow my wishes. My hope is that he will learn as much about the U.S. as I did when I first moved here.” (Finally, the traffic begins to move. You drive to your hotel and spend the next two days exploring Washington as your aunt directed.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence with I wish ... would ... Example: It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. So you want it to stop raining. What do you say? ...I wish it would stop raining... 1 You’re waiting for Tom. He’s late and you’re getting impatient. You want him to come. What do you say? I wish ... 2 A baby is crying and you’re trying to sleep. You want the baby to stop crying. What do you say? I ... 3 You’re looking for a job — so far without success. You want somebody to give you a job. What do you say? I wish somebody ... 4 Brian has been wearing the same old clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes and you want him to buy some. What do you say to him? ... IV. IDIOMS Put the Cart before the Horse (to have things in the wrong order; to have things confused and mixed up) You’re eating your desert! You’ve put the cart before the horse. Slow down and get organized. Don’t put the cart before the horse! John has the cart before the horse in most of his projects. Upset the Apple Cart (to mess up or ruin something) Tom really upset the apple cart by telling Mary the truth about Jane. I always knew he’d upset the apple cart. On Easy Street (in luxury; slang) If I had a million dollars, I’d be on easy street. Everyone has problems, even people who live on easy street. Get/Have a Fix on Something (to find out the exact location of something)

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I can’t get a fix on your location. Where are you? We are trying to get a fix on your radio transmission. (to begin to understand the direction of a discussion) I can’t quite get a fix on what you are trying to say. I can’t get a fix on where you’re going with this argument. Give Someone a Fix on Something (to tell someone the location of something) Please give me a fix on your location. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS There’s much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally there’s a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The road doesn’t correspond to the needs of modern traffic. The policeman is directing traffic (he is on point duty). You have to be quick in order to dodge (escape) the traffic. Traffic signs are always conspicuous. The noise of the traffic kept me awake. The traffic was dislocated by a snow storm. She made a movement to cross into the traffic. I could see her through a gap in the traffic. Let’s wait for a break in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Honking is a menace to traffic safety. Traffic keeps to the left in England. All the traffic has to make way for a fire-engine. auto mechanic brake car accident chain lock checkbook garage headlights identification papers, I.D. insurance company key lock Lost and Found

VI. VOCABULARY механик в гараже тормоз дорожное происшествие цепочка на двери чековая книжка гараж передний свет удостоверение личности страховая компания ключ замок бюро находок

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main road parking peephole police officer purse, handbag, pocketbook rest stop, emergency parking road roadside secondary road service road shopping bag shoulder, side of the road tail lights thief tire to break down to get a flat tire to get stuck to lock the door to lose to park a car to rob to steal turn signals umbrella valuables wallet watch

главная дорога стоянка глазок в двери полицейский кошелёк стоянка на обочине дорога обочина дороги второстепенная дорога дорога-“дублёр” хозяйственная сумка асфальтовая обочина дороги задний свет вор шина сломаться проколоть шину застрять запирать дверь на замок терять ставить машину на стоянку грабить украсть указатель поворота зонтик ценности бумажник часы

VI. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES Tell a friend of yours about places of interest in Washington D.C. 1. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V. Lesson 21. A FENDER BENDER IN CHICAGO I. NOTE If all goes well while you are in the States, you will not have to contend with such an unpleasant situation. However, sometimes there will be the unavoidable accident and encounter with the police. It is best to remain calm, to explain who you are and where you are from, and to show any documentation that is requested. If you've rented a car, be sure that you are familiar with the insurance options. You may or may not be insured by your agency at home while driving in the U.S. It is

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best to look into this before you leave your home. If you do request additional insurance coverage from the rental agency, you may end up paying $10-15 more per day. II. DIALOGUE First Motorist: What the hell do you think you’re doing? Second Motorist: Sorry, I didn’t see your turn signal until it was too late to stop. First Motorist (turning to you): Hey buddy, did you see what happened? You: Yes, I think so. Why? First Motorist: I’m going to call the police. You can tell them what you saw. This jerk ran right in to me. Look at my bumper! It’ll cost $1,000 to fix. Second Motorist: Calm down. It was just one of those things. I have insurance. You: I really don’t want to get involved. (A police officer arrives to investigate the accident. The two motorist explain what happened. The officer turns to you.) Officer: Can I have your name, address, and phone number? You: Yes, here’s my passport. I’m a foreigner. I’ve come to Chicago on business. Here’s a contact if you need to get in touch. (You give the officer the name, address, and phone number of a friend of your aunt whom you’re supposed to look up while you’re in Chicago.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences with these verbs: try wash

steal play

meet eat

look splash

write go

make drive

be knocked take

Example: Do you fancy ...playing... tennis this afternoon? 1 Could you please stop ... so much noise? 2 I don’t enjoy ... letters. 3 Does your job involve ... a lot of people? 4 I considered ... the job but in the end I decided against it. 5 If you use the shower, try and avoid ... water on the floor. 6 Jack gave up ... to find a job in Britain and decided to emigrate. 7 Have you finished ... your hair yet? 8 The phone rang while Ann was having her dinner. She didn’t answer it; she just carried on ... . 9 He admitted ... the car but denied ... it dangerously. 10 Why do you keep on ... at me like that? 11 They had to postpone ... away because their son was ill. 12 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ... down by a car.

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2. Answer these questions using the verbs given. Examples: Why do you never fly? (hate) ...I hate flying... Why does Tom go to the cinema so often? (like) ...He likes going to the cinema... 1 Why do you always wear a hat? (like) I ... 2 Why does Ann watch television so often? (enjoy) She ... 3 Why do you never go to the cinema? (not/like) ... 4 Why does Jack take so many photographs? (like) ... 5 Why don’t you work in the evenings? (hate) ... 3. This time put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: I enjoy ...being... (be) alone. Would you like ...to come...(come) to a party? 1 Do you mind ... (travel) such a long way to work every day? 2 Ann loves ... (cook) but she hates ... (wash) up. 3 I can’t stand people ... (tell) me what to do when I’m driving. 4 I don’t like that house. I would hate ... (live) there. 5 Do you like ... (drive)? 6 When I have to catch a train, I’m always worried about missing it. So I like ... (get) to the station in plenty of time. 7 I very much enjoy ... (listen) to classical music. 8 I would love ... (come) to your wedding but it just isn’t possible. 9 Sometime I’d like ... (learn) to play the guitar. 4. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to +

infinitive. Examples: If you want to pass your exams, you need ...to study... (study)more. I’m sorry I broke the glass. I couldn't help ...dropping... (drop) it.

1 Does this job need .... (do) now or can I leave it until later? 2 I’ve got an extra bed, so when you come to stay, you won’t need ... (bring) your sleeping bag. 3 Tom helped his mother ... (get) the dinner ready. 4 When he told me that everybody had made fun of him, I couldn’t help ... (feel) sorry for him. 5 Those shirts need ... (iron) but you don’t need ... (do) it now.

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6 He looks so funny. When I see him, I can’t help ... (smile). 7 The fine weather helped ... (make) it a very enjoyable holiday. 5. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning. Each time begin in the way shown. Example: I phoned Ann and then I went out. After ...phoning Ann I went out... 1 Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink. Before ... 2 The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed. Soon after ... 3 We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead. Instead of ... 4 You put people’s lives in danger if you drive dangerously. You put people’s lives in danger by ... 5 He hurt his leg but he managed to win the race. In spite of ... 6 Bill is a very good cook. Bill is very good at ... 7 I don’t intend to lend her any money. I have no intention of ... 8 George took more exercise and so lost weight. By ... 9 He was angry with me because I was late. He was angry with me for ... 10 Tom thinks that doing nothing is better than working. Tom prefers doing nothing to ... 6. In this exercise you have to write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence. Example: Jack insisted ...on going... out by himself. (go) 1 After a long time we eventually succeeded ... a flat. (find) 2 I’ve been thinking ... for a new job. (look) 3 His parents didn’t approve ... him ... out so late. (stay) 4 I wonder what prevented him ... to the party. (come) 5 I’m getting hungry. I’m looking forward ... dinner. (have) 6 I don’t feel ... today. (study) 7 Forgive me ... you but I must ask you a question. (interrupt) 8 The arrested man was suspected ... into a house. (break) 9 Have you ever thought ... married? (get) 10 I’ve always dreamed ... on a small island in the Pacific. (live) 11 The cold water didn’t stop her ... a swim. (have) 12 Have you ever been accused ... a crime? (commit) 13 She apologized ... so rude to me. (be) 14 We have decided ... a new car. (buy) 7. Now you have to make sentences with worth.

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Examples: I’d read this book if I were you. This book ...is worth reading... I wouldn’t read this book if I were you. This book ...isn’t worth reading... 1 I’d visit the museum if I were you. The museum ... 2 I wouldn’t repair those shoes if I were you. Those shoes ... 3 I wouldn’t keep these old clothes if I were you. These old clothes ... 4 I’d consider the plan if I were you. The plan ... IV. IDIOMS Blow It (fail at something) How did you do on the history exam? I think I blew it! There was a section on the Civil War, and that’s the chapter in the book that I studied the least. Well, at this point you can’t really be sure that you completely failed the examination. You must have done okay on the rest of the test. Perhaps I didn’t fail the entire exam, but I’m sure that I didn’t do well. Get Away Clean (escape punishment) After robbing a neighborhood bank, the robbers sped off in a waiting car and got away clean. In spite of all police efforts to apprehend them, the criminals were never caught and punished for their crime. Push/ Press the Panic Button (to become anxious or panicky; slang) I do okay taking tests as long as I don’t push the panic button. Whatever you do, don’t press the panic button. Have a Near Miss (to nearly crash or collide) The airplanes – flying much too close – had a near miss. I had a near miss while driving over here. Have a Screw Loose (to act silly or crazy; slang) John is such a clown. He acts like he has a screw loose. What’s the matter with you? Do you have a screw loose or something? Get Someone out of Jam

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(to free someone from a problem or a bad situation) I like John. He got me out of a jam once. I would be glad to help get you out of a jam. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS There is much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally there’s a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The traffic was blocked up for a long time. There was a jam in the traffic for a quarter of an hour. The pointsman won’t tell you anything. He is directing traffic (he is on point duty). I could see her through a gap in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Traffic keeps to the left in England. The noise of the traffic has lulled at last. I must telephone (arrange, send)for a taxi to pick us up. Is it possible to hire the car by the hour? Get into the car; there’s room for you in it. I don’t feel like going in a taxi. Come with me; I’ll take you in my car. The driver helped her into (out of; to) the car. Will you help me to the car with my luggage? The car has been in service for a long time. I seldom have trouble with the car. The car is being overhauled. Their car made its way for the airport. Cars are parked tightly against the theatre fronts. VI. VOCABULARY accident/ crash авария block/ hold-up in the traffic задержка в движении bottle-neck in the traffic сужение дороги break in the traffic перерыв в движении heavy traffic большое движение jam in the traffic транспортная пробка keep to the right держаться правой стороны left-sided traffic левостороннее движение light traffic мало транспорта lull in the traffic затишье/пауза в движении the traffic is blocked up/ jammed движение заблокировано

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the traffic is heavy/ congested to chase to collide (with) to comply with the traffic rules to direct the traffic to dodge to gain on to knock down to overtake / to overhaul/ to outstrip a car to run into/over to slow down to speed to tail to violate the traffic rules traffic lights traffic safety traffic signs

движение интенсивное гнаться, преследовать столкнуться соблюдать правила дорожного движения направить движение вильнуть, увильнуть нагонять, догонять сбить обгонять машину наехать замедлить движение превысить скорость следовать за нарушать правила светофор дорожная безопасность дорожные знаки

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: (a) You are in a hurry, but unfortunately you got into the traffic jam. You phone your colleague, explain the situation and say the hypothetical time of your arrival. (b) You got into a road accident, and your car is badly damaged. What will you do in this situation? 2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV-VI. 3. Order a taxi for your friend, and ask if the driver will help him to the car with his luggage. Lesson 22. AN INVITATION TO DINNER I. NOTE Americans love to entertain in their homes. It is not unusual to receive a dinner invitation from someone you barely know. This is considered an excellent way to get acquainted. If you receive an invitation to dinner, it is good idea to ask how you should dress. You might ask if you should dress casually or more formally. For a man, a jacket and tie are suggested unless you are told to dress less formally. When invited to someone's house it is nice to bring a small gift, such as bouquet of flowers, candy, or a bottle of wine. Later, you might consider a

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reciprocating the invitation by inviting your host to your house/apartment or to a restaurant if you are staying in a hotel. II. DIALOGUE Mrs. Jones: Good evening. I’m Ellen Jones. Won’t you come in? (You give her a bouquet of fresh-cut flowers.) Mrs. Jones: What lovely flowers! Thank you. I’ll call Michael. Please make yourself at home. (You sit down in the living room.) Mr. Jones: Hello, I’m so glad to meet you. Stephanie told me so much about you. You were her favorite, you know. You: Yes. I’m sorry I didn’t get to see her again before she died. (Mrs. Jones offers you a drink. You ask for a glass of wine.) Mr. Jones: So, what brings you to Chicago? You: Aunt Stephanie wanted me to know more about the city. I guess she lived a few blocks from here. Mrs. Jones: Yes, we became friends almost twenty years ago. She had moved here from Washington. You: And I guess she left Chicago five years later and moved to the West coast. Mr. Jones: Chicago winters were too harsh for her. She wanted more sun and warmer temperatures. Mrs. Jones: Dinner is ready. (The three of you go into the dining room and sit down for a delightful dinner.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after many years and you found that many things were different. Example: Most of my friends were no longer there. They ...had left... (leave). 1 My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He ... (go) away. 2 The local cinema was no longer open. It .... (close) down. 3 Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He .... (die). 4 I didn’t recognize Mrs. Johnson. She ... (change) a lot. 5 Bill no longer had his car. He ... (sell) it. 2. In this exercise you have to complete each sentence with a suitable verb. Example: Don’t forget ...to post... the letter I gave you. 1 Tom refused ... me any money.

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2 Jill has decided not ... a car. 3 The thief got into the house because I forgot ... the window. 4 There was a lot of traffic but we managed ... to the airport in time. 5 I’ve arranged ... tennis tomorrow afternoon. 6 One day I’d like to learn ... an airplane. 7 I shouted to him. He pretended not ... me but I'm sure he did. 8 Why hasn’t Sue arrived yet? She promised not ... late. 9 Our neighbour threatened ... the police if we didn't stop the noise. 10 Ann offered ... after our children while we were out. 11 The teacher was very strict. Nobody dared ... during his lessons. IV. IDIOMS Wet Blanket (dull or boring person who spoils the happiness of others) James was not invited to go on the outing with the rest of the group because he’s such a wet blanket. On many previous occasions he has kept others from enjoying themselves by his pessimism and lack of enthusiasm. It’s understandable that no one wants him around. Dressed to Kill (wear one’s finest clothing) The reception for the new Swedish ambassador at the Jennison’s was quite lavish. Naturally, everybody was dressed to kill. Since it was a formal occasion, everyone was dressed in their finest, most elegant clothes. Eat Someone out of House and Home (eat a lot of someone else’s food) He’s quite nice with good sense of humour but for his ability eating everyone out of house and home. Have Someone Eating out of One’s Hand (have someone completely under one’s control) One of my main difficulties is that I’m not good with an audience. There are guys who can come out and have a crowd eating out of their hand right away with a few jokes. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS How do you do? How are you? How are you getting on? How are things? What’s the news?

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I haven’t seen you for ages! What would you like to drink? Have some more salad! Help yourself to some more fish. What about another cup of coffee? I have never tasted such a nice cake! I don’t think I’ll have some more, thank you. I’m fond of fruit pudding! I have enjoyed it greatly! Thank you very much for your invitation! Thank you, the evening was marvelous! apricot bacon bitter bite; to have a bite breakfast broth cabbage chicken chips chop course dessert delicious dine dinner dish elevenses fry help oneself hot dog hungry jelly juice lobster mashed potatoes mushroom mutton noodle pea

VI. VOCABULARY абрикос бекон горький закусить завтрак бульон капуста цыплёнок жареный картофель отбивная блюдо десерт вкусный обедать обед блюдо лёгкий завтрак около 11 часов утра жарить угощаться сосиска голодный желе, кисель сок омар картофельное пюре гриб баранина лапша горох

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pie porridge pudding refuse roast sausage smoked sour stewed sweet tart taste toast veal vegetable

пирог, пирожок овсяная каша пудинг отказываться поджаривать колбаса копчёный кислый тушёный сладкий пирог с фруктами/ ягодами вкус тост, поджаренный хлеб телятина овощ

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Make up sentences filling in the blanks in the following pattern with the expressions given below: The …(fish) … I had … (where?) yesterday … was … (tasty). Tasteless; a bit overdone; a bit underdone; a bit sour, I don’t now why; a little oversalted; well roasted; badly stewed; a bit sweet; very bitter; well smoked; extremely hot (cold); etc. 2. Tell about traditional Russian\ British dishes. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI. Lesson 23. A FLIGHT TO THE WEST COAST I. NOTE Although our protagonist has bought a one-way airplane ticket, most people purchase round-trip tickets. Sometimes a one-way ticket costs as much as round trip. It is a good idea to go through a reliable travel agent when purchasing airplane tickets. There are so many different options and special packages available, as well as restrictions, that only a qualified travel agent can help you sort them out. Most American airplanes offer two classes of travel — first class (more expensive) and coach (less expensive). On some large airplanes, there is an intermediary category called business class. Smoking is now forbidden on all flights within the continental U.S. Finally, The preferred usage to refer to a member of the flight crew is “flight attendant”, even though people still use “stewardess” (female) and “steward”. II. DIALOGUE

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Ticket Agent: A one-way ticket to San Francisco. How many pieces of luggage will you be checking? You: Just two. Can I have an aisle seat, please? Ticket Agent: Yes, seat 12-A in the coach section. You’ll be boarding in about 30 minutes from Gate 16. (You walk to Gate 16 after passing through airport security. A few minutes later, you board the plane and soon you’re in the air.) Stewardess: Good morning. Can I offer you something to drink? You: Coffee, please. No cream or sugar. Stewardess: Today we’ll be serving a light breakfast and lunch. You: How long will it take to get to San Francisco? Stewardess: About four hours. Would you like a newspaper or magazine? You: No thanks, I brought a book. It’s all about U.S. history — fascinating! Captain: Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to United Airlines flight 260, nonstop service to San Francisco. We’ve just reached our cruising altitude of 32,000 feet. Thank you for flying United. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Now you have to read two sentences and then write one sentence with the same meaning. Use a relative clause in your sentence. Example: A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. The girl ...who was injured in the accident is now in hospital... 1 A man answered the phone. He told me you were out. The man ... 2 A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. The ... 3 Some boys were arrested. They have now been released. The boys ... 2. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most suitable ending from the list and make it into a relative clause. he invented the telephone she runs away from home they are never on time they stole my car they used to hang on that wall

it makes typewriters it gives you the meanings of words it won the race it can support life it was found last week

Example: Gerry works for a company ...that (or which) makes typewriters... 1 The book is about a girl ...

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2 What was the name of the horse ...? 3 The police have caught the men ... 4 Alexander Bell was the man ... 5 Where are the pictures ...? 6 The police are still trying to identify the body ... 7 A dictionary is a book ... 8 I don’t like people ... 9 It seems that Earth is the only planet ... 3. Complete these sentences, where necessary, with that, who or what. If it is possible to write that or leave it out, write (that) - in brackets. Examples: Did you hear ...what... I said? Everything ...(that)... he said was true. 1 She gives her children everything .... they want. 2 Tell me ... you want and I’ll try to help you. 3 Why do you blame me for everything ... goes wrong? 4 I won’t be able to do very much but I’ll do the best ... I can. 5 I can’t lend you any money. All ... I've got is a pound. 6 Nora is the only person ... understands me. 7 Why do you always disagree with everything ... I say? 8 I don’t agree with ... you’ve just said. 9 This is an awful film. It’s the worst ... I’ve ever seen. 4. You were on holiday with a friend of yours. You met some people who had some bad experiences during their holiday. You met: 1 some people/their car broke down 2 a man/his wife became ill and was taken to hospital 3 a woman/her husband was arrested by the police 4 a girl/her passport was stolen 5 a couple/their luggage disappeared You can’t remember the names of these people, so you ask your friend. Make sentences with whose. 1 ...What was the name of the people whose car broke down...? 2 What was the name of the man ... 3 What ...? 4 ...? 5 ...?

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IV. IDIOMS Think Twice before Doing Something (to think about something more thoroughly) I don’t think that going by plane in such weather is a good idea. I would think twice before buying the tickets. At the Drop of a Hat (without delay or good reason) These days Russian visas are issued at the drop of a hat. Fire in the (or one’s) Belly (a powerful sense of ambition or determination) There’s no fire in the belly, no sense of urgency. Take a Flyer (take a chance) I know it’s extremely difficult, but you can take a flyer at least. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Going by plane How do I get to the airport? What’s the plane schedule from ... to ... ? I’d like to make a round trip reservation One ticket for the 6 p.m. plane for ... Where can I buy a ticket for the shuttle flight? What time do I have to be at the airport? Where’s the check-in desk? Where can I leave my luggage? How much luggage is allowed free of charge? Has the boarding time been announced? Which direction is gate number ...? When’s our plane taking off? What’s the departure time for flight number ...? When does the plane for ... take off? When does the next plane leave for ...? How long is the flight? How long is the flight to ...? Is this a non-stop (direct) flight? Where does the plane stop on the way? At what time does the plane arrive in ...? What’s the arrival time at ...? What airport will we arrive at?

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VI. VOCABULARY aisle seat место у прохода air sickness воздушная болезнь altitude высота area район (жилой) arrive прибывать arrival прибытие be delayed опаздывать (о рейсе) boarding посадка boarding pass посадочный талон bridge мост business-class ticket билет в бизнес-классе cancellation возврат билета come back возвращаться check-in desk стойка регистрации change trains\ planes делать пересадку credit card кредитная карточка crew экипаж самолёта crossing переход delayed flight рейс с опозданием departure gate выход на посадку destination пункт назначения domestic flight рейс на внутренних линиях economy (tourist) class ticket билет в туристическом классе emergency exit запасной выход entrance вход excess luggage лишний вес fare плата за проезд fasten a seat belt пристегнуть ремень безопасности first class ticket билет первого класса flight attendant бортпроводник (-ица) landing strip/ runaway взлётно-посадочная полоса lose one’s way заблудиться passenger lounge/ waiting room зал для пассажиров pedestrian crossing пешеходный переход route маршрут seat место seat number номер места shuttle flight челночный рейс suitcase чемодан suburb пригород

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take off ticket office weight window seat

взлетать, взлёт билетная касса вес место у иллюминатора

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: (a) Two friends are discussing their summer holidays and plans to go somewhere. They speak about the best time to go and choose the transport. (b) You are buying a ticket for a plane. Ask about the timetable, price and meals during the flight. (c) You and your friend are discussing how to get to Great Britain. You don’t like going by planes and prefer train or ferry. 1. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of traveling by planes. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI. Lesson 24. CALIFORNIA DREAMING I. NOTE The drive along Highway 1 in California is spectacular. One of the most scenic stretches runs from the city of Monterey south to Big Sur. The coastal highway hangs perilously above the Pacific Ocean. Big Sur is 80 miles of treacherous ocean and rocky shore. Along your drive, you will see otters, sea lions, and whales. The coast line is dotted with redwoods, the world's largest trees. Carmel (its official name is Carmel by the Sea) is a storybook village. One of its most famous inhabitants, and former mayor, is the American movie actor Clint Eastwood. If you go to the Hog's Breath pub, you may just run into him. II. DIALOGUE You (reading your aunt’s will): “One of my favorite places in America is the area around Monterey, California. I would like my nephew to visit Monterey as I did as a tourist. He should do the following: 1. Have lunch at a restaurant on Cannery Row. Sit at a table overlooking the water. Perhaps you’ll be able to catch a glimpse of the famous sea otters. 2. Visit the Monterey Bay Aquarium. 3. Take the scenic 17-mile drive. 4. Drive on Highway 1 down to Big Sur for a splendid view of the rugged California coastline. 5. On the return drive to Monterey, spend a night at the quaint Lamp Lighter Inn in beautiful Carmel by the Sea. Ask for the Hansel and Gretel cottage if

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you can get it.” (The next morning, you check out of your hotel and drive for two hours south to Monterey. You spend the next few days exploring the sights your aunt wanted you to see.) III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. You have to complete them with where .... Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses. I can buy postcards there she had bought it there people are buried there

I was born there we spent our holidays there we can have a really good meal there

Examples: I recently went back to the town ...where I was born... 1 The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop ... 2 Do you know a restaurant ...? 3 Is there a shop near here ...? 4 The place ... was really beautiful. 5 A cemetery is a place ... IV. IDIOM Toot One’s Own Horn (boast) Michael’s last novel was a best seller. He has no need to toot his own horn about his literary accomplishments. His readers and critics alike will now become aware of his talent. He won’t have to boast about his skill and success as a writer. Thank One’s Lucky Stars (feel grateful for one’s good fortune) All Alec could do was thank his lucky stars that his daughter was fit again. Up for It (ready to take part in a particular activity) At first I was not sure that the girl would race with him, but then I felt that she was clearly up for it. On a Wing and Prayer (relying on hope; with only a slight chance of success) Nobody knew the way, but at last we arrived at the destination on a wing and prayer.

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V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Where can I buy a train\ plane ticket? I want to buy a round trip ticket. How much is the ticket? Where can I check my luggage? Where’s the waiting room? Where can I see the timetable? What train do I catch to get to…? How long does it take to get to…? Is it a through train\ plane or do I have to change? Where do I have to change? Will we arrive on schedule? Do I need to make a reservation for meals? I would like to book a ticket for the passenger/ express/fast train I want to travel by air/ land/sea/railway/bus/car The fare to London is … How much is the return single ticket to Riga? I would rather go to Moscow by air. Hurry up! (Step on it!) We may miss the train! Don’t make a fuss! We shall make it. Do you happen to know when the train starts? Will you see to my luggage? advantage agrarian area book border on capital channel coast discover extent; to an extent form fortnight fuss; to make a fuss gazetteer hemisphere hike huge

VI. VOCABULARY преимущество сельскохозяйственный район, площадь, пространство заказывать (билет) граничить с столица канал, пролив побережье открывать, обнаруживать до некоторой степени образовывать две недели нервничать, волноваться по пустякам географический справочник полушарие путешествовать пешком огромный

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hurry island luggage occupy pack part peninsular performance polar population possible proper reach region republic resource rucksack see off settle side sleeper solve stretch surround track trip underdeveloped vast wallet wash

спешить, торопиться остров багаж занимать (место, территорию) упаковывать часть полуостров представление, спектакль полярный население возможный собственно, сам достигать область республика ресурс рюкзак провожать урегулировать, улаживать сторона спальный вагон решать простираться, тянуться окружать след путешествие слаборазвитый (о стране) обширный бумажник мыть, стирать, омывать

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak about advantages/ disadvantages of traveling by car in this country and in the USA. 2. Speak on the following situations: (a)You are going hiking for the first time, and you don’t know what to put into your rucksack. Ask a friend to give you advice. (b)Your friend is fond of driving, so he is all for traveling by car. Try to persuade him to go by train. (c) Your friend and you are going to Siberia during your summer/winter holidays. You have never been there and you don’t know much about this particular region. Speak about your preparations and plans.

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3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI. Lesson 25. A BUSINESS LUNCH I. NOTE San Francisco is one of the most popular destinations for American as well as foreign tourists. Sometimes called “America's favorite city”, San Francisco draws more than 2 million tourists each year. Blessed with a mild climate, San Francisco has a metropolitan population exceeding 5 million. The city itself is built on and around more than 40 hills overlooking the San Francisco Bay. Many of San Francisco's streets are quite sleep, especially in the areas of Nob Hill and Russian Hill. Some of the important sights of San Francisco include: Fisherman's Wharf (once a bustling port for fishing boats), Chinatown, the Golden Gate bridge, and Alcatraz (a former federal prison build on a rocky island). II.DIALOGUE You: How did you know my aunt? Colleague: Stephanie and I founded a small company specializing in fine wines and foods. We worked together for about six years. She took care of finances, and I handled marketing and sales. She was a delight to work with. You: I didn’t realize that she had lived on the West Coast. Colleague: She didn’t. We met in Chicago. As the company grew, I moved to California to be closer to our distributors. She eventually moved to Atlanta, as you know. You: How is the company doing? Colleague: Very well, thank you. When Stephanie became ill, she sold her shares of the company. What brings you to the States? You: My aunt wanted me to relive her experiences. I’ll receive an inheritance once I complete this trip and return to Atlanta. Colleague: Before you leave San Francisco, be sure you see the Golden Gate bridge, Chinatown, and Sausalito. You: I’ve already been to Chinatown. I was just about to go see the bridge. Thanks for lunch. It was a pleasure meeting you. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to put in when or if. Example: ...If... it rains this evening, I won’t go out. 1 I’m going to Paris next week. ... I’m there, I hope to visit a friend of mine. 2 Tom might phone this evening. ... he does, can you take a message?” 3 I think he’ll get the job. I’ll be very surprised ... he doesn’t get it. 4 I hope to be there by 10.30. But ... I’m not there, don’t wait for me.

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5 I’m going shopping ... you want anything, I can get it for you. 6 I think I’ll go home now. I’m feeling very tired. I think I’ll go straight to bed ... I get home. 7 I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you ... I get back. 8 I want you to come to the party but ... you don’t want to come, you needn't. 2. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I found $100 in the street, I ...would keep... (keep) it. They’d be rather angry if you ...didn't visit... (not/visit) them. 1 If I was offered the job, I think I ... (take) it. 2 I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he ... (refuse). 3 Many people would be out of work if that factory ... (close) down. 4 If she sold her car, she ... (not/get) much money for it. 5 They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ... (not/come). 6 Would George be angry if I ... (take) his bicycle without asking? 7 Ann gave me this ring. She ... (be) terribly upset if I lost it. 8 If someone ... (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened. 9 What would happen if you ... (not/go) to work tomorrow? 10 I’m sure she ...(understand) if you explained the situation to her. 3. Now answer these questions in the way shown. Example: Are you going to catch the 10.30 train? (we/arrive too early) No. ...If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early... 1 Is he going to take the examination? (he/fail it) No. If he ..., he ... 2 Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I/have to invite Linda too) No. If I ... 3 Are you going to bed now? (I/not/sleep) No. ... 4 Is she going to apply for the job? (she/not/get it) No. ... 4. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I ...knew... (know) her number, I would telephone her. I ...wouldn’t buy... (not/buy) that coat if I were you. 1 I ... (give) you a cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t. 2 This soup would taste better if it ... (have) more salt in it. 3 If you ... (not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the

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time. 4 I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather ... (be) better. 5 I'd help you if I ... (can) but I’m afraid I can’t. 6 If I were you, I ... (not/marry) him. 7 We would happily buy that house if it ... (not/be) so small. 5. Now you have to write sentences with I wish ... Example: I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely). ...I wish I knew more people... 1 I can’t give up smoking (but I’d like to). I wish I ... 2 I haven’t any cigarettes (and I need one). I wish ... 3 George isn’t here (and I need him). I wish George ... 4 It’s cold (and I hate cold weather). I wish ... 5 I live in London (and I hate London). I ... 6 Tina can’t come to the party (she’s your best friend). I ... 7 I have to work tomorrow (but I’d like to stay in bed). ... 8 I don’t know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). ... 9 I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that’s a pity). ... 6. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I ...had known... (know) that you were ill last week, I’d have gone to see you. Tom ...wouldn’t have entered... (not/enter) for the examination if he had known that it would be so difficult. 1 Tom got to the station in time. If he ... (miss) the train, he would have been late for his interview. 2 It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday. I ... (forget) if she hadn’t reminded me. 3 We might not have stayed at this hotel if George ... (not/ recommend) it to us. 4 I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I...(have) your address. IV. IDIOMS Bend Over Backwards (try very hard) When Joan first started teaching she was afraid that she would have a lot of trouble. However, her fears turned out to be unfounded, since everybody bent over backwards to help her. Everybody tried very hard to help her feel comfortable and adjust to the school.

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Duck Soup (easy, effortless) Can you help me hook up my new stereo equipment? I’m having quite a bit of trouble with all these connections. Sure, that’s duck soup for me. Well, with all your experience, I have no doubt that it will be very easy for you to do. Face the Music (accept the consequences) It’s no wonder you have a stomachache. I told you not to eat so many green apples. You don’t listen, and now you are going to have to face the music. Keep under One’s Hat (keep something a secret) Although the contestants were most anxious to know who won the prizes in piano competition, the judges kept the results under their hats. They kept the results a secret so that the formal announcement could be made in public at the awards ceremony. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Be so kind as to open the door. Would you mind opening the door? Could I trouble you for a glass of water? Certainly!/ Of course!/ Naturally!/ With pleasure!/ Here you are! I’m afraid I won’t have enough time to do it. You talk as if you knew etiquette very well. Thank you. – Don’t mention it. What time do you expect me? What time should I arrive? Will there be other guests? Is it an informal evening? I’d be glad to come. Do you want a drink? Please don’t trouble yourself. A gin and tonic would be fine. A beer’s fine with me. Please pass the salt/salad/bread/ meat VI. VOCABULARY

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acquaint to get acquainted with awkward bore company excuse host insist introduction principal pull somebody’s leg sick and tired stranger tall story upset; to be upset witticism

знакомить знакомиться с кем-либо неловкий надоедать компания, собеседник оправдание хозяин настаивать представление, введение главный, основной морочить кому-либо голову до смерти надоело незнакомец, посторонний небылица быть расстроенным острота, шутка

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Make up polite requests to suit the following situations: 1) Suppose you need some salt and the salt-cellar is at the far end of the table. 2) Suppose you sit down at the table and find you have no spoon. 3) Suppose you have enjoyed coffee very much and want a second helping 4) Suppose you want to treat your guest to some more pudding. 5) Suppose you have not understood the speaker but you must know what he said. 2. Imagine you are at the table. What would you answer to these offers and requests: 1) Will you have a second helping of cake? 2) Will you have tea or coffee? 3) Would you like some more salad? 4) Pass me the mustard, please. 5) May I trouble you for the menu, please? 6) Would you mind passing me the pepper-pot? 7) How much sugar do you take, two or three lumps? 8) Bring me a bottle of mineral water, please. 1. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI. Lesson 26. A HOUSEHOLD EMERGENCY I. NOTE

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Plumbers are relatively expensive, particularly if they are called at night and on weekends. It is not uncommon for a plumber to ask you for something to drink while he works. If you are having major work done (replacing pipes, installing new fixtures like toilets and sinks, etc.), it is a good idea to ask several different plumbing companies for estimates. II. DIALOGUE Plumber: What seems to be the trouble? You: Look, there’s an inch of water on the floor. What a mess! Can you fix it? Plumber: No sweat. Where’s the main water valve. You: The what? Plumber: Do you know where I can cut off the water? You: I think it’s in the closet. What shall I do about all the water on the floor? Plumber: Tell the manager to call a carpet cleaning service. They’ll take care of it for you. Do you have any coffee? You: I’ll make some. What a way to end my trip! Plumber: Have you been on vacation? You: Not exactly. How much is this going to cost? Plumber: I’m pretty sure the apartment owners will cover it, as long as you didn’t cause the problem yourself. You: How could I? I’ve been out of town for weeks. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make a new sentence from these questions. Example: Where has Tom gone? Do you know ...where Tom has gone... 1 Where is the post office? Could you tell me ...? 2 What does this word mean? Do you know ...? 3 What’s the time? I wonder ... 4 Where did you park your car? Can’t you remember ...? 5 Is Ann coming to the meeting? I don’t know ... 6 Where does Jack live? Have you any idea ...? 7 What time did he leave? Do you know ...? 8 Where can I change some money? Could you tell me ...? 9 What qualifications do I need? I want to know ... 10 Why didn’t Tom come to the party? I don’t know ... 11 How much does it cost to park here? Do you know ...? IV. IDIOMS

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Get Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed (wake up in a bad mood) What’s the matter with Bernard today? He started shouting from the moment he stepped into the office. I don’t know. He usually doesn’t act that way at all. I guess he got up on the wrong side of the bed. Just because he woke up in a bad mood is no reason for him to be so cross and to go around shouting at everybody. Hopefully he’ll relax as the day goes on. Out on a Limb (in a risky position) The members of the committee realized that their position against expanding the student aid program was an unpopular one, and that they were going out on a limb by voting against the program. Nevertheless, their position was justified to a certain extent. Although they knew that they were placing themselves in a risky position, they felt that other budgetary considerations were of greater urgency. Bite the Bullet (endure in a difficult situation) We really had a frightening experience when we went hunting last month. What happened? We got lost in the wilderness and had to bite the bullet until help arrived. Did you manage OK? Barely. We weren’t prepared for the cold weather and we couldn’t find any shelter. We had to endure in a very trying situation. We almost froze by the time they found us. Make Ends Meet (pay one’s bills) It’s almost impossible trying to keep up with the high cost of living. It’s true. Things are so expensive nowadays that it’s very difficult to make ends meet. You know, even with Lucie’s salary, our combined income is hardly enough to pay all the bills. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS The door won’t open! The lamp won’t light up! The fire-wood won’t burn!

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I shan’t be able to repair the radio today. Be so kind as to turn on the light. The gas stove is out of order. The tap got out of order. The lock must be out of order. The fridge is now in order. The vacuum tube is now in working order. The iron is now repaired. He won’t be able to fix the lock. She couldn’t change the fuse. I can’t change the bulb. You had better change the fuse now. May I ask you to repair my radio? You should take care of your electrical appliances. What modern conveniences are there in your house? VI. VOCABULARY вентиляция air conditioning annoy раздражать, досаждать appliances; electrical appliances электрические приборы bulb электрическая лампочка burn out сгореть carpenter плотник choose (chose, chosen) выбирать clean чистить, убирать, чистый convenience удобство destroy разрушать discuss обсуждать district район fall (fell, fallen) падать fan вентилятор final окончательный, последний fire-wood дрова fix налаживать, чинить fuse электропробка get hot; You’ll get it hot! Тебе влетит! handy удобный для пользования heating нагревание, отопление immediately немедленно job работа joiner столяр locksmith слесарь

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mess mislay occupation opportunity pay (paid, paid) radiator repair repairs rubbish chute running water shake (shook, shaken) sharp switch on switch off tap tidy up tool trade trust utilize vacuum cleaner washing maсhine welder whistle wipe whole

сделать беспорядок, напортить положить не на место, потерять занятие возможность платить радиатор чинить ремонт мусоропровод водопровод трясти, встряхивать острый, резкий включать выключать водопроводный кран убирать, прибираться инструмент ремесло, торговля верить, доверять использовать пылесос стиральная машина сварщик свистеть вытирать весь, целый

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. What will you say of a door which you can’t open? of a pen which you can’t write with? of fire-wood which is very wet? of a tap which you can’t turn on? of a window when you can’t close it? 2. Think of sentences to ask somebody to do something about the house, giving reasons for the requests. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI. Lesson 27. A TOUCH OF THE FLUE I. NOTE

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In most American cities, you can find quick medical care at what are called “walk-in” medical clinics. If you are sick and don't have a doctor, such clinics can provide prompt and relatively inexpensive treatment for minor illnesses. Temperature in the U.S. is on the Fahrenheit rather than the Centigrade scale. 98.6 is considered a normal temperature. There is no national health insurance plan in America. Most Americans are insured through their employers. Unusually, employees pay monthly premiums in addition to the premiums their employers pay. II. DIALOGUE Nurse: What seems to be the trouble? You: I feel terrible. I have a fever and chills. Nurse: What’s your temperature? You: 102. Nurse: Have you taken anything for it? You: Just some aspirin. What should I do? Nurse: I think you better see one of our doctors. You probably have an infection. Can you come right now? You: Yes, I’m on my way. I don’t have any medical insurance. Is that all right? Nurse: Don’t worry. Our business office takes cash, personal checks, or credit cards. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentences. Example: You must study more or you won't pass the examination. ...You won’t pass the examination unless you study more... 1 You must listen carefully or you won’t know what to do. You won’t know what to do ... 2 We must hurry or we’ll miss the train. We’ll ... 3 You must speak very slowly or he won’t be able to understand you. He ... 4 My salary must be increased or I’ll look for another job. ... 5 She must apologize to me or I won’t forgive her. ... 2. This time you have to choose the correct word or expression for each sentence. unless Example: You can use my car as long as you drive carefully. (“as long as”' is correct) unless

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1 I’m playing tennis tomorrow providing it’s raining. unless 2 We’re going to start painting the house tomorrow providing it’s not raining. unless 3 You can smoke in here as long as you leave a window open to let the smoke out. unless 4 George doesn’t trust anyone. He won’t lend you any money as long as I you promise in writing to pay him back. unless 5 The children can stay here providing they don’t make too much noise. unless 6 I’m going now provided you want me to stay. unless 7 I can’t understand why he’s late as long as he didn’t get our message. IV. IDIOMS Out of the Woods (out of danger) Although Eric was well on his way to recovering from his bout with pneumonia, he was still not out of the woods. The doctors told him that he would have to take it easy and avoid exposure to cold, since he was not out of danger and difficulty yet. On One’s Last Legs (sick and failing) Poor Mike. He was one of the greatest musicians I’ve ever know, but when I saw him the other day he looked like he was on his last legs. Yeah. He hardly plays any more. What made him give up his music? Apparently he lost confidence in himself at some point in his career, and he’s been sick and failing ever since. (To) within an Inch of One’s Life (almost to the point of death) -Oh! I haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been all this time? -You know, I was very ill. -Sorry to hear it. I hope nothing dangerous. -Unfortunately, it was a terrible flue. Actually I was within an inch of my life.

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V.USEFUL EXPRESSIONS He was down with flue/ pneumonia/bronchitis You must take this medicine for the flue. I had a terrible headache/earache/stomach-trouble/toothache To fall ill with pneumonia To suffer from some disease. I am dizzy. I am running a high temperature. I have a cough/ a fever VI. VOCABULARY боль, болеть ache alas увы attack приступ breathe дышать call on навещать, заходить catching заразный chest грудная клетка clogged заложенный (о носе) complication осложнение cough кашель dizzy чувствующий головокружение down слечь to be down with some disease лежать с болезнью fall (fell, fallen) ill заболеть fever жар, лихорадка flue грипп hot water bottle грелка medicine медицина, лекарство pain боль pill пилюля powder порошок recover выздоравливать remedy средство, лекарство sound выслушивать (больного) tablet таблетка VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: a) You are not feeling well. Describe your symptoms to your chief and ask the permission to leave.

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b) You are having a terrible headache. You are not sure whether it is the flue or not. You decide to go and consult a doctor 1. Say about how you felt when you had the flue last. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI. Lesson 28. AT THE DOCTOR’S OFFICE I. NOTE Even in medical clinics, you will sometimes have to wait for some time before you see the doctor. the advantage of a medical clinic over a regular doctor's office is that you do not need to have an appointment. Patients are seen on a first-come, firstserved basis. Doctors are not supposed to dispense drugs, other than free samples, When your doctor gives you a prescription for medicine, you will have to go to a pharmacy or drugstore to have it filled. Sometimes the pharmacist will call your doctor to confirm the dosage or the nature of the prescription. II. DIALOGUE Doctor: How are you today? You: Not so good. I think I have the flu or something. Doctor: What are your symptoms? You: I have a fever, chills, and a sore throat. Doctor: Let’s take a look. Open wide. You: Ahhhh! Doctor: Your throat is pretty red. How long have you had the fever? You: Since last night. It comes and goes. What’s wrong with me? Doctor: You have some sort of bacterial infection. I’m going to write you a prescription. Take it to any drugstore, and they’ll give you some pills that you’ll need to take for five days. You should be completely well by then. You: Thanks. I sure wish I felt better. I guess I’ll go home and rest. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

arrest drive

wake make

knock spend

check hear

translate carry

find

Example: The music at the party was very loud and could ...be heard... from far away. 1 A decision will not ... until the next meeting. 2 That building is dangerous. It ought to ... down before it falls down.

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3 When you go through Customs, your luggage may ... by a customs officer. 4 I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to ... up at 6.30. 5 Her new book will probably ... into a number of foreign languages. 6 If you kicked a policeman, you’d ... . 7 Police are looking for the missing boy. He can’t ... anywhere. 8 Do you think that less money should ... on arms? 9 The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ... . 10 I don’t mind driving but I prefer to ... by other people. 2. Now you have to read a sentence and write another sentence with the same meaning: Example: We can solve the problem. The problem ...can be solved... l People should send their complaints to the head office. Complaints ... 2 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness. The meeting ... 3 Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it. Your car ... 4 An electrical fault could have caused the fire. The fire ... 5 They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco. Next year’s congress ... 6 They shouldn’t have played the football match in such bad weather. The football match ... 3. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning. Begin each sentence as shown. Examples: Somebody stole my bag in the shop. My bag ...was stolen in the shop... The police have arrested three men. ...Three men have been arrested by the police... 1 The bill includes service. Service ... in the bill. 2 People don’t use this road very often. This road ... 3 They canceled all flights because of fog. All flights ... 4 Somebody accused me of stealing the money. I ... 5 They are building a new ring-road round the city. A new ring-road ... 6 I didn’t realize that someone was recording our conversation. I didn’t realize that our conversation ... 7 They have changed the date of the meeting. The date of the meeting ... 8 Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street. Brian told me that he ...

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4. This time you have to make a passive sentence from the words in brackets. Examples: That church looks very old. (when/it/build?) ...When was it built?... A: Is Margaret popular? B: Yes. (she/like/by everybody) ...She is liked by everybody... 1 This is a very popular television program. (every week it/watch/ by millions of people) Every week it ... 2 What happens to the cars produced in this factory? (most of them/export?) ... 3 A: Was there any trouble at the demonstration? B: Yes. (about 20 people/arrest) ... 4 A: There is no longer military service in Britain. B: Really? (when/it/abolish?) ... 5 A: Did anybody call an ambulance to the scene of the accident? B: Yes. (but nobody/injure/so it/not/need) ... 6 A: Last night someone broke into our house. B: Oh dear. (anything/take?) ... 7 Mr. Kelly can’t use his office at the moment. (it/redecorate) ... 8 George didn’t have his car yesterday. (it/service/at the garage) ... 9 Where’s my bicycle? It’s gone! (it/steal!) ... 10 The people next door disappeared six months ago. (they /not /see / since then) ... 11 This room looks different. (it/paint/since I was last here?) ... 12 A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow/down in the storm) ... 5. This time you have to complete the sentences. Each time you have to use being with one of these verbs:

keep

pay

attack

give

invite

use

ask

Example: Mr. Miller doesn’t like ... being kept... waiting. 1 He came to the party without ... 2 She won’t go out alone after dark. She is afraid of ... 3 I don’t like ... stupid questions. 4 Few people are prepared to work without ... 5 Mr. Kelly doesn’t like his phone ... by other people. 6 Most people like ... presents. IV. IDIOMS Abandon Oneself to Someone or Something (to give up and accept a situation; to yield to a person)

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Ann gave up and abandoned herself to the flue. This time he had no alternative. He had to abandon himself to doctors. All in Good Time (at some future time; in good time; soon) This phrase is used to encourage people to be patient and wait quietly. When will the baby be born? All in good time. I am sick and tired of lying in bed. When can I get up at last? - Don’t be in a hurry, you are still weak. All in good time, dear. Cuts No Ice (has no effect; makes no sense; has no influence) That idea cuts no ice. It won’t help at all. It cuts no ice that you were ill. You might have phoned at least. V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS To treat somebody for his illness To treat pneumonia To diagnose the illness as pneumonia To strip to the waist You must have your chest X-rayed You must have your blood examined This medicine will cure you soon. You must take these pills/ drops/tablets for the flue. When you are ill Where’s the clinic? How do I get to the hospital? How do I call the doctor? Please give me the doctor’s phone number I’d like to make an appointment to see the doctor Can I make an appointment to see the doctor? That time would be fine What are the doctor’s hours? Can the doctor see me today? Can it be sooner? On what days does the eye doctor have office hours? I need to consult a neurologist I’d like to make an appointment with a gynecologist Please call a doctor It’s an emergency I’d like to arrange for a doctor to make a house call

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What’s the doctor’s charge for a house call? I have an appointment with the doctor at 11:30 At the doctor’s office I need an interpreter Is there a doctor who speaks Russian? I feel sick I feel completely exhausted I have a cold I must have caught a cold I have a head cold I think I have a temperature I have a cough I sneeze I have a headache I have a splitting headache My throat is sore I have a fever My stomach hurts. I have a stomach ache My stomach is upset. I have indigestion I have diarrhea I’m constipated I’ve lost my appetite I have a stiff neck I feel sick. I feel nauseous What diet should I follow? I feel a heaviness in my stomach after a meal I’m having a heart attack I have a pain in my chest I had a fainting spell My pulse is irregular I have arrhythmia I have a pain in the back of my head I have a pain in the small of my back I have a bad backache I can’t move my arm I feel dizzy I feel lightheaded I have high blood pressure My blood pressure is always normal My blood pressure is sometimes slightly above normal Please check my blood pressure

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I’m bleeding I haven’t been sleeping well I have (suffer from) insomnia My leg hurts I banged my knee I have a sore foot I cut my hand I hurt my elbow I have dislocated my arm It hurts here I’ve got a splinter in my hand I think that a fish bone is stuck in my throat I have cramps in my hands in the morning I have an earache I have shooting pains in my ear My hearing has become worse I have a buzzing in my ears My eyes have become worse I think I’ve hurt my eyes I have something in my eye I have pains in my eyes and they are watering I feel worse I’m taking this medicine I’ve been taking this medicine, but I’m not getting better What is your diagnosis? Is it serious? How long should I take this medicine? I’m allergic to antibiotics How much is the fee? When should I come back? VI. VOCABULARY аппендицит appendicitis bronchitis бронхит conclude заключить; прийти к заключению cups банки cure лечить dermatologist дерматолог; спец. по кожным болезням diagnose ставить диагноз diet диета dislocate вывихнуть drops капли

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examine extract indigestion instruction intestines lungs malaria mend mumps mustard plaster neurologist oculist ointment pain patient pediatrist physician plaster plaster of Paris prescription quinsy recover remedy rheumatism scarlet fever scratch shoulder sick-list stomach strip suffer from surgeon treat trouble urgent wrist x-ray

осматривать извлекать; удалять несварение; расстройство желудка указание; инструкция кишечник лёгкие малярия чинить свинка горчичник невропатолог окулист мазь боль пациент педиатр; детский врач терапевт пластырь; накладывать пластырь гипс предписание; рецепт ангина выздоравливать средство; лекарство ревматизм скарлатина царапина; царапать плечо бюллетень желудок раздеваться страдать от хирург лечить беспокойство; болезнь срочный запястье; кисть (руки) рентген; сделать рентгеноскопию

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Add a logical reason for the action indicated in the sentences below: Model: John hasn’t come to school. He hasn’t come because he is down with flue.

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2.

3. 4. 5.

Mike missed four lessons running. Lilly didn’t take part in the chess tournament. Alec was not ready for the lesson at all. Nancy has to take this medicine for another week. Dick will have to have his blood examined. You must have your chest X-rayed. What specialist do we consult when we have a broken arm? we have a stomach-trouble? we have a bad eye? we have a tooth-ache? we are very nervous? we have an attack of appendicitis? we have a skin burn? our small son is ill? Say when the following measures are prescribed: Cups; hot water bottle; mustard plaster; plaster of Paris; ointment. Speak about your last illness. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI.

Lesson 29. AT THE DENTIST’S OFFICE I. NOTE If you need dental work while you are in the U.S., you can usually find prompt, reliable care by calling a dentist. Although most dentists, like doctors, prefer that you have an appointment, they will normally make allowances if you have a true emergency. As with doctors, be prepared to pay for treatment when you leave. More an more health care professionals accept credit cards for payment or will file directly with your insurance company. II. DIALOGUE Dentist: My assistant said you have a toothache. How long have you had it? You: For about twenty-four hours. I’ve had trouble with this tooth before. My dentist at home said that it would have to be removed eventually. Dentist: Let me take a closer look. Hmmm . . . I concur with your dentist. The tooth has to come out. Looks like you also need to brush and floss more often. You: Will it hurt? Dentist: Not too much. I’ll give you some Novocain to make the tooth numb. You: Oh, I hate to go to the dentist! When will you remove it? Dentist: It should come out right now. You: All right. Go ahead. What a way to end my stay in the U.S.! Dentist: When are you leaving?

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You: I have to see an attorney in the morning. My flight home is later — around 6 p.m. III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Read these sentences and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences. Example: I couldn’t sleep although I was tired. (despite) ...I couldn’t sleep despite being tired (or despite the fact (that) I was tired)... 1 Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German. (despite) Despite ... 2 In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk to the village. (although)... 3 I decided to accept the job although the salary was low. (in spite of) I decided ... 4 We lost the match although we were the better team. (despite) ... 5 In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry. (even though) ... IV. IDIOMS Drive Someone Up a Wall (annoy someone greatly) Wow! What a great set of drums! Yeah, they’re great, but I can’t play on them when my folks are at home. They say I drive them up a wall with all the loud banging. You know, I am always very nervous at a dentist’s office, and the noise of the drill simply drives me up a wall. In Jig Time (extremely quickly; in a very short time) My dentist always tries to calm me down, saying that it won’t hurt and that he’ll do everything in jig time. Shape Up or Ship Out (behave properly or leave) Al has been constantly reprimanded for being negligent on the job. Finally, in desperation his supervisor exclaimed, “Shape up or ship out!” I remember my last visit to the dentist finished with his crying out, “Shape up or ship out!” V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS At the dentist’s Can you recommend a good dentist to me?

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What’s the dentist’s phone number? What are the dentist’s hours? I want an appointment with the dentist Can I have an appointment for tomorrow? I have an appointment for 10 o’clock Can you please check my teeth? I have a toothache I have a broken tooth I broke my tooth It hurts when I bite something The filling fell out The filling is loose The filling on the left upper side is loose I don’t want to have the tooth pulled. Can you save it? I think I need a crown on my tooth The crown has broken I want to have metal crowns put on my teeth How much will it cost to have a gold crown put on my tooth? I have bleeding gums anaesthetization appointment bite brake (broke , broken) check crown; put a crown drill extract fall out filling hurt injection loose pain pull tooth (teeth pl.) toothache

VI. VOCABULARY анестезия, обезболивание запись (на прием к врачу) кусать, укусить ломать(ся) проверять коронка; поставить коронку сверлить, сверло, бормашина удалять (зуб) вылетать (о пломбе) пломба болеть, боль укол ослабнуть, шататься (о пломбе) боль удалять, выдергивать (зуб) зуб (зубы) зубная боль

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations:

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a) You are a dentist and you are trying to calm down your patient before you begin to mend his tooth. b) You have just come to a dentist’s office to make an appointment. You should explain why you need to see your dentist as soon as possible. c) Your friend is afraid of going to the dentist in spite of his/her terrible toothache. Try to persuade him/her to do this. 2. Say when you last visited your dentist and why. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI. Lesson 30. COLLECTING YOUR INHERITANCE I. NOTE Although we do not know the exact amount the nephew received from his aunt's inheritance, it is clear that it is a substantial sum. For instance, the attorney mentions that the nephew will be able to return to the US as often as he likes. Knowing the large credit card bills that he has incurred during his stay in the United States, he is somewhat consoled. He is also an idealist, pleased that he learned so much about the US and the English language. The money that he will receive is a small reward compared to the joys of having experienced American culture first hand. That's all, folks! II. DIALOGUE Mr. Young: Well, how did your trip go? You: It was great. I had no idea the U.S. was so large. I thought I would never get back to Atlanta. Mr. Young: Did you follow your aunt’s instructions? You: I think so. Here are my receipts and the other items she wanted me to collect. I think everything is in order. (Mr. Young examines what you gave him.) Mr. Young: Yes, I believe you have satisfied the conditions in your aunt’s will. Here’s your check. You can deposit it once you get home, if you want. You: Thanks, I think I’ll do that. I’ll have a lot of credit card bills waiting for me. Mr. Young: One thing is for sure. Your English has really improved since you arrived. You: You’re kind. I think it has, too. I wonder how I’ll keep it up. Mr. Young: With the money from your inheritance, you’ll be able to come back to the U.S. as often as you like. Have a safe trip home! III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to write what you would say in these situations. Example: Ann says “I’m tired”. Five minutes later she says “Let’s play tennis”. What do you say?

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...You said you were tired... 1 Your friend says “I’m hungry” so you go to a restaurant. When you get there he says “I don’t want to eat”. What do you say? You said ... 2 Tom tells you “Ann has gone away”. Later that day you meet her. What do you say? Tom told ... 3 George said “I don’t smoke”. A few days later you see him smoking a cigarette. What do you say to him? You said ... 4 You arranged to meet Jack. He said “I won’t be late”. At last he arrives — 20 minutes late. What do you say? You ... 5 Sue said “I can’t come to the party tonight”. That night you see her at the party. What do you say to her? ... 6 Ann says “I’m working tomorrow evening”. Later that day she says “Let’s go out tomorrow evening”. What do you say? ... 2. Now you have to read a sentence and write a new sentence with the same meaning. Examples: “Listen carefully”, he said to us. He told ...us to listen carefully... “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”, Ann said. Ann said ...not to wait for her she was late... 1 “Eat more fruit and vegetables”, the doctor said. The doctor said ... 2 “Read the instructions before you switch on the machine“, he said to me. He told ... 3 “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us. She told ... 4 “Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand”, he said to me. He asked ... because ... 5 “Don’t come before 6 o’clock”, I said to him. I told ... IV. IDIOMS On the Line (in danger of being lost) Lately Tom’s been more conscientious about the accuracy and quality of his work with the company. He was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concern for his duties. When Tom was alerted that he was in danger of losing his job, he began to take his obligations with the company more seriously. Fishy (strange and suspicious)

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When the security guard saw a light in the store after closing hours, it seemed to him that there was something fishy going on. So he immediately called the central office. Horse of Different Color (quite a different matter) Eric likes to play jokes on his friends, but he makes sure that nobody is hurt by any of his pranks. A prank that hurts someone is a horse of a different color! Being playful is one thing, but hurting someone by one’s prank is quite a different matter. Let the Cat out of the Bag (inform beforehand) Rob was going to retire from teaching in June, and the foreign language department was planning on presenting him with some good present at his retirement dinner. He wasn’t supposed to know about it, but someone let the cat out of the bag. V.USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Affect private life Break the law Carry out laws/rules Depend on existing juridical system Exert influence Exact and undeviating observance of laws Immediate consequence In accordance with In conformity with In the restricted sense Neglect of laws On behalf of somebody Pass laws Private property law Reject the idea Reveal the real reason for Safeguard the law Take into consideration There is no rule without agreement To the detriment abandon abolish account

VI. VOCABULARY отказываться, покидать отменять, упразднять счёт, расчёт

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acknowledge action aim alien allowance aware barrister breach comprise conform contend (for) contradict deprivation eliminate embrace empower enact enforce ensure entail essence estimate except exception expire feasible fulfill govern grant heed heir infringe juridical juridically late law law-breaker lawyer obtain provide provide for

признавать, допускать, подтверждать действие цель, намерение чужестранец, иностранец денежное пособие/содержание осведомлённый, знающий адвокат нарушение (закона, обязательства) включать, охватывать соответствовать, согласовать(ся) оспаривать опровергать, отрицать, противоречить лишение устранять, исключать охватывать, включать, содержать уполномочивать, доверять предписывать, вводить в действие принуждать обеспечивать ограничивать права распоряжения собственностью сущность, суть оценивать исключать, за исключением исключение, изъятие истекать, оканчиваться выполнимый, вероятный выполнять, осуществлять управлять даровать, дарить обращать внимание, учитывать наследник нарушать (закон) юридический, правовой, законный юридически, по закону покойный закон, право правонарушитель юрист, адвокат приобретать, получать обеспечивать предусматривать

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repeal requirement successor transgress transgression trust wealth will

отменять, аннулировать, отмена требование наследник нарушать (закон), посягать нарушение (закона) доверять, доверие, опека богатство, благосостояние завещание

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: a) According to your dad’s will you are the only heir of his wealth. You are at a loss because you have two sisters. You consult the lawyer on this problem. b) Your granny left you her whole wealth, but you can get it only after you are married and have children. You want to contend for it and speak about it with your family lawyer. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI.

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Библиографический cписок

1. Жданова И.Ф., Мэй Фишер. Вы едите в Америку// Русско-английский разговорник. – М.: Русский язык, 1993 2. Raymond Murph. English Grammar in Use. – Cambridge University Press, 1992. 3. Дудкина Г.А., Павлова М.В., Рей З.Г., Хвальнова А.Т. Учебник английского языка для делового общения. – М.: Аверс, 1991. 4. Harry Collis 101 American English Idioms. – Lincolnwood, Illinois, USA, 1987. 5. Gvardzhaladze I.S., Kochinashvili T.G., Gilbertson A.L. 500 English Proverbs and Sayings. – Higher Publishing House, Moscow, 1966. 6. Kirillova E.P. Talk on Familiar Topics. – М.: Международные отношения, 1976. 7. Мултимедийное обучающее пособие “Learn to Speak English” Foreign Language Software. Version 3.11. by John B. Romeiser and Martin P. Rise.

Учебное издание Методическое пособие “Learn to Speak English” Составители: АСАФОВА Галина Константиновна МАТРОСОВА Татьяна Ахметовна Pедактор Н.А. Евдокимова

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