Advances in Industrial Control
Arun K. Samantaray • Belkacem Ould Bouamama
Model-based Process Supervision A Bond Graph Approach
123
Arun K. Samantaray, PhD Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology 721302 Kharagpur India
Belkacem Ould Bouamama, PhD LAGIS-UMR CNRS 8146 Ecole Polytechnique de Lille (Polytech'Lille) USTL, Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex France
ISBN 978-1-84800-158-9
e-ISBN 978-1-84800-159-6
DOI 10.1007/978-1-84800-159-6 Advances in Industrial Control series ISSN 1430-9491 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Samantaray, Arun K. Model-based process supervision : a bond graph approach. (Advances in industrial control) 1. Process control - Mathematical models 2. Bond graphs I. Title II. Bouamama, Belkacem Ould 670.4'27'015115 ISBN-13: 9781848001589 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007941548 © 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited MATLAB® and Simulink® are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098, USA. http://www.mathworks.com Mathematica® is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc., 100 Trade Center Drive, Champaign, IL 61820-7237, USA. http://www.wolfram.com Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L., Girona, Spain Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Advances in Industrial Control Series Editors Professor Michael J. Grimble, Professor of Industrial Systems and Director Professor Michael A. Johnson, Professor (Emeritus) of Control Systems and Deputy Director Industrial Control Centre Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Graham Hills Building 50 George Street Glasgow G1 1QE United Kingdom Series Advisory Board Professor E.F. Camacho Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Universidad de Sevilla Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092 Sevilla Spain Professor S. Engell Lehrstuhl für Anlagensteuerungstechnik Fachbereich Chemietechnik Universität Dortmund 44221 Dortmund Germany Professor G. Goodwin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Professor T.J. Harris Department of Chemical Engineering Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada Professor T.H. Lee Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576
Professor Emeritus O.P. Malik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Calgary 2500, University Drive, NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Professor K.-F. Man Electronic Engineering Department City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong Professor G. Olsson Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund Institute of Technology Box 118 S-221 00 Lund Sweden Professor A. Ray Pennsylvania State University Department of Mechanical Engineering 0329 Reber Building University Park PA 16802 USA Professor D.E. Seborg Chemical Engineering 3335 Engineering II University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Doctor K.K. Tan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Professor Ikuo Yamamoto The University of Kitakyushu Department of Mechanical Systems and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Engineering 1-1, Hibikino,Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135 Japan
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Series Editors’ Foreword
The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies}, new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. All evolving engineering disciplines first create a body of fundamental knowledge and then move on to new problem areas. Control engineering has now reached this level of maturity and is tackling new theoretical and applications areas. The field of nonlinear systems is receiving much research attention as are the problems of industrial supervisory control. The twin drivers of research into supervisory control are the use of new technology (computer networks and distributed sensor networks, for example) and the search for theoretical techniques to describe and solve supervisory control application problems. In this field, the Advances in Industrial Control series has recently published an optimisation approach to supervisory control of in-building traffic systems by Sandor Markon and colleagues (Control of Traffic Systems in Buildings). A monograph dealing with the second type of research impetus was that by Emilia Villani and colleagues entitled Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems. This particular entry to the series dealt with process industry applications, and is the first book in the series to use hybrid system techniques. Continuing with this trend of work on supervisory systems, we are pleased to welcome Model-based Process Supervision: A Bond Graph Approach by Arun Samantaray and Belkacem Ould Bouamama into the Advances in Industrial Control monograph series. It is really surprising to learn that bond graph techniques have been developing over a forty-five year history since they were invented by Henry Paynter of MIT in 1959. Their main advantages are their generality of application to a very wide range of systems and their rigour and consistency. Thus, the bond graph rigorously
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Series Editors’ Foreword
describes the physical processes in a system, shows the cause and effect relationships active, and allows the further analysis of properties of the process being modelled. Although the pictorial representation of the bond graph may look rather abstract, software is now available for the production, analysis and transformation of bond graph information. In this monograph on model-based process supervision, the authors have written a truly encyclopaedic account of how bond graphs can be used to provide the framework and techniques for process fault monitoring and analysis. It is particular noteworthy that Chapters 1–5 allow the reader to learn about the core bond graph, control, and fault detection concepts and some of these chapters even include problem sections so that the reader can test the skills they have learned. The remainder of the book describes a sequence of highly relevant advanced topics, and applications. A particular strength of the book is the many examples used to illustrate the techniques and the real-world case study material presented. We believe the systematic and thorough development of bond graph, process modelling and fault detection methods presented by the authors will meet the requirements of a very wide range of readers. The early chapters of the book can be used in taught courses or for self-study whilst the later chapters may be more appropriate for the process control expert. Industrial engineers and control academics alike will be interested in the application and case study material presented. This is a very welcome addition to the Advances in Industrial Control monograph series that extends the available range of contributions on supervisory control methods for industry. Industrial Control Centre Glasgow Scotland, UK 2007
M.J. Grimble M.A. Johnson
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
1QNBDRR 4TODQUHRHNM
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
97 0MDCHLDMRHNM@K KHLHSR NM OQNBDRR U@QH@AKDR
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
*MSQNCTBSHNM SN 1QNBDRR 4TODQUHRHNM
97 5GQDRGNKC YNMDR HM @ BQNRRRDBSHNM NE SGD RO@BD RO@MMDC AX SGD OQNBDRR U@QH@AKDR
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
%H@FMNRSHB 4XRSDL
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
*MSQNCTBSHNM SN 1QNBDRR 4TODQUHRHNM
BNLOKHLDMS@QX SNNKR @MC SGD QNNS B@TRD @M@KXRHR HR CNMD AX TRHMF @ UNSHMF RBGDLD &TQNOD@M OQNIDBS $)&. <= V@R NMD RTBG @SSDLOS TMCDQ VGHBG RDUDQ@K SNNKANWDR VDQD CDUDKNODC AX TRHMF CHEEDQDMS CH@FMNRSHB @OOQN@BGDR @MC SGDX VDQD SGDM TRDC RHLTKS@MDNTRKX SN CH@FMNRD QDKH@AKX E@TKSR HM RDUDQ@K HMCTRSQH@K SDRS B@RDR
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
%H@FMNRSHB 4XRSDL
97 $K@RRHB@SHNM NE CH@FMNRSHB @KFNQHSGLR
SHUD ED@STQD DWSQ@BSHNM *M PT@MSHS@SHUD ED@STQD DWSQ@BSHNM NMD B@M ODQENQL DHSGDQ @ RS@SHRSHB@K NQ MNMRS@SHRSHB@K ED@STQD DWSQ@BSHNM 5GD BK@RRHB@SHNM NE CH@FMNRSHB RXRSDLR HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GDQD HR @KV@XR @M NUDQK@O ADSVDDM SGD U@QHNTR @OOQN@BGDR 'NQ HMRS@MBD HS HR BKD@Q SG@S @KK LNCDKR MDDC C@S@ ENQ DRSHL@SHMF RNLD NE SGD O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGD LNCDK @MC @KK SGD LDSG NCR A@RDC NM OQNBDRR C@S@ MDDC SN DWSQ@BS RNLD ENQL NE @ LNCDK SN ODQENQL E@TKS CH@FMNRHR %HEEDQDMS @OOQN@BGDR ENQ SGD '%* OQNBDCTQDR G@UD ADDM CDUDKNODC CD ODMCHMF NM SGD JHMC NE JMNVKDCFD TRDC SN CDRBQHAD SGD OQNBDRR LNCDK &@BG RXRSDL NQ OQNBDRR G@R HSR NVM BNLOKDWHSHDR VGHBG MDDC SN AD CDRBQHADC AX ENKKNVHMF @ ROD BHB LDSGNCNKNFX 7DMJ@S@RTAQ@L@MH@L 7F 3> <_= G@UD BK@RRHDC U@QHNTR E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC CH@FMNRHR LDSGNCR HMSN PT@MSHS@SHUD LNCDK A@RDC LDSGNCR PT@K HS@SHUD LNCDK @MC RD@QBG A@RDC LDSGNCR @MC OQNBDRR GHRSNQX A@RDC LDSGNCR 'TQSGDQ RTABK@RRHB@SHNMR @MC CDS@HKDC QDUHDVR NM D@BG @OOQN@BG @QD FHUDM SGDQDHM %HEEDQ DMSH@SHNM NE PT@MSHS@SHUD PT@KHS@SHUD @MC OQNBDRR GHRSNQX LDSGNCR HM SGD NOHMHNM NE SGD @TSGNQR NE <_= @MC @TSGNQR NE SGHR ANNJ OQNUHCDR @ BK@RRHB@SHNM HM SDQLR NE SGD L@MMDQ HM VGHBG SGDRD LDSGNCR @OOQN@BG SGD OQNAKDL NE E@TKS CH@FMNRHR
*MSQNCTBSHNM SN 1QNBDRR 4TODQUHRHNM
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
0QF@MHY@SHNM NE SGD #NNJ
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
*MSQNCTBSHNM SN 1QNBDRR 4TODQUHRHNM
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
81@D5B
?>4 B1@8 #?45<9>7 9> &B?35CC >79>55B9>7
*85 ?>4 B1@8 #5D8?4?
<;02=A@ .;1 2;6A6<;@ #DENQD HMSQNCTBHMF ANMC FQ@OG LDSGNCNKNFX KDS TR CDMD SGD MNSHNMR NE LTKSHONQS ANMC @MC ONQS 5GD LTKSHONQS QDOQDRDMSR @MX BNLONMDMS %$ LNSNQ OTLO S@MJ CDRHFMDC SN @BBNLOKHRG RNLD RODBHB LHRRHNMR NQ NAIDBSHUDR 8GDM SGD OQNBDRR HR
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
BNLOKDW SGD LTKSHONQS HR @ RTARXRSDL VGDQD SGD HMOTSR @MC NTSOTSR @QD @ O@HQ NE U@QH@AKDR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG BDQS@HM MTLADQ NE ONHMSR @S VGHBG SGD RTARXRSDL BNTKC AD BNMMDBSDC SN NSGDQ RTARXRSDLR SN ENQL SGD OQNBDRR $NMRHCDQ @ EDDC V@SDQ RTOOKX HMRS@KK@SHNM @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ 5GD RXRSDL HR BNLONRDC NE RDUDQ@K RTARXR SDLR DKDBSQHB LNSNQ OTLO RSNQ@FD S@MJ 5N @BGHDUD HSR FKNA@K ETMBSHNM RTOOKX V@SDQ SN SGD TRDQ D@BG RTARXRSDL LTKSHONQS HR CDRHFMDC SN @BGHDUD @ RODBHB RTA ETMBSHNM 8GDM SVN RTARXRSDLR @QD OGXRHB@KKX BNMMDBSDC SNFDSGDQ @ O@HQ NE BNL OKDLDMS@QX U@QH@AKDR B@KKDC BAI7D H3D;34>7E @QD BNMRSQ@HMDC SN AD DPT@K ENQ SGD SVN RTARXRSDLR 8GDM SGD DKDBSQHB LNSNQ HR BNMMDBSDC SN SGD GXCQ@TKHB OTLO SGD SNQPTD @MC @MFTK@Q RODDC @S SGD NTSOTS NE SGD LNSNQ LTRS AD HCDMSHB@K SN SGD SNQPTD @MC RODDC @S SGD OTLO HMKDS 5GD ONVDQ DWBG@MFDC ADSVDDM SVN BNMMDBSDC RTARXR SDLR B@M AD DWOQDRRDC @R @ OQNCTBS NE SGD SVN ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR @MC HS HR QDOQDRDMSDC @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD A AX BNMMDBSHNMR B@KKDC ONVDQ ANMCR NQ RHLOKX ANMCR 5VN RTARXRSDLR BNTKC @R VDKK DWBG@MFD HMENQL@SHNM BNMSQNKKDQ BNLOTSDQ VGHBG HR QDOQDRDMSDC AX @M HMENQL@SHNM ANMC NQ RHFM@K @R FHUDM HM 'HFTQD B *M SGD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ SGD U@KUD HR BNMSQNKKDC AX @M DWSDQM@K RHFM@K G5 VGHBG HR QDO QDRDMSDC AX @M HMENQL@SHNM ANMC LNCTK@SHNM HM SGD RTALNCDK TRDC SN QDOQDRDMS SGD U@KUD CXM@LHBR
97 &MFHMDDQHMF LTKSHONQS BNMMDBSHNM 1 'DDC V@SDQ RTOOKX OQNBDRR 2 1NVDQ DWBG@MFD QDO QDRDMS@SHNM 3 *MENQL@SHNM DWBG@MFD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM
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
5GD #NMC (Q@OG .DSGNCNKNFX
ONQS DKDLDMS @MC (: HR @ SVN ONQS DKDLDMS 5GD 4A@6E @QD ENQLDC VGDM SVN ONQSR @QD BNMMDBSDC ADSVDDM @ O@HQ NE DKDLDMSR $NMMDBSHMF @KK DKDLDMSR VD NAS@HM @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 'HFTQD B NE SGD DKDBSQHB LNSNQ BNMRHCDQDC HM 'HFTQD @
97 $NMBDOSR @MC CDMHSHNMR 1 .TKSHONQS DKDLDMSR 2 ONQSR @MC DKDLDMSR 3 #NMC FQ@OG
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#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
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
97 *MENQL@SHNM ONQSQ@X@K HM @ ANMC FQ@OG QDOQDRDMS@SHNM
5GD #NMC (Q@OG .DSGNCNKNFX
97 $NMBDOS NE ONVDQ CHQDBSHNM
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#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
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#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
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97 #KNBJ CH@FQ@L 1 @MC MNM B@TR@K 2 @MC B@TR@K 3 VNQC ANMC FQ@OGR NE SGD RXRSDL HM 'HF
97 8NQC ANMC FQ@OG HMBKTCHMF SGDQL@K DEEDBS
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
%@2B1< %
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
1RDTCN ANMC FQ@OG ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR &EENQS 7 'KNV 8
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*M SGD GXCQ@TKHB CNL@HM SGD O@HQ ? ( HR OQDEDQQDC ADB@TRD ? @BSR @R @ BNL LNM U@QH@AKD ENQ ANSG HMBNLOQDRRHAKD @MC BNLOQDRRHAKD THC NV LNCDKHMF @MC HE SGDQLNTHCHBR HR BNMRHCDQDC SGDM SGD DMDQFHDR ADHMF BNTOKDC SGD DMSG@KOX NV HR B@KBTK@SDC EQNL L@RR NV ? *M SGD BNMUDBSHNM NE SGDQL@K DMDQFX EQNL @ -@ FQ@MFH@M ONHMS NE UHDV SGD O@HQ DMSG@KOX NVSDLODQ@STQD NQ RODBHB DMSG@KOX : NQ , @QD TRDC @R ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR *M SGD B@RD NE SGDQL@K BNMCTBSHNM EQNL HR TRDC SGD &TKDQH@M ONHMS NE UHDV <= SGD O@HQ , )
1RDTCN #NMC (Q@OG
*M BGDLHB@K RXRSDLR SGD BNMBDMSQ@SHNM HR TRDC @R SGD DEENQS U@QH@AKD HMRSD@C NE SGD BGDLHB@K ONSDMSH@K @MC SGD LNK@Q NV @ HR TRDC @R SGD NV U@QH@AKD 0SGDQ QD RD@QBG VNQJR TRD SGD BNMBDMSQ@SHNM NE SGD RTARS@MBD @R DEENQS U@QH@AKD HMRSD@C NE SGD BGDLHB@K ONSDMSH@K @MC SGD CDQHU@SHUD NE SGD BNMBDMSQ@SHNM @R SGD NV U@QH@AKD 5GHR @OOQN@BG HR DWSDMRHUDKX TRDC HM <= ADB@TRD HS @KKNVR NMD SN L@MHOTK@SD U@QH@AKDR LNQD HMSTHSHUDKX SGDQDENQD D@RX SN RHLTK@SD @MC SGD ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR 7 9 BNMBDM SQ@SHNM @QD LD@RTQ@AKD PT@MSHSHDR %D85B ,1B912<5C *M @CCHSHNM SN ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR 7 @MC 8 NSGDQ U@QH@AKDR B@M AD DWOQDRRDC @R ETMBSHNMR NE RS@SD U@QH@AKDR NQ ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR 'NQ DW@LOKD SGD R@STQ@SDC RSD@L OQDRRTQD HM @ ANHKDQ L@X AD DWOQDRRDC AX TRHMF RSD@L S@AKDR :> ( ¦=; α ; (;
:H ( ¦>; β ; (; ; ν > ( ¦? ν H ( ¦@; δ ; (; ; γ ; ( ρ ( ρ H ( > B λ ; (; , ( ¦A; ε ; (; $. , ¦;
VGDQD : ν , @MC $ @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD RODBHB DMSG@KOX RODBHB UNKTLD SDLODQ @STQD @MC K@SDMS GD@S α β γ δ ε @MC λ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ν % NE SGD RSD@LV@SDQ LHWSTQD 0 8 ν % :%
%@2B1< ;2?4F +.?6./92@ 5GD DMDQFX U@QH@AKDR NQ RS@SD U@QH@AKDR HM SGD ORDTCN ,ANMC FQ@OG NE OQNBDRR DMFH , SHLD HMSDFQ@K NE DM MDDQHMF RXRSDLR @QD SHLD HMSDFQ@K NE L@RR NV ? ?6F , @MC SHLD HMSDFQ@K SG@KOX NV ,6F SHLD HMSDFQ@K NE LNKD NV & @6F NE SGDQL@K NV ) )6F $NMRDPTDMSKX SGD DMDQFX U@QH@AKDR @R RTLL@QHYDC HM 5@AKD @QD
.@RR ? RSNQDC AX @MX @BBTLTK@SNQ 5NS@K DMSG@KOX NQ HMSDQM@K DMDQFX RSNQDC HM @MX GD@SDC @BBTLTK@SNQ /TLADQ NE LNKDR & @BBTLTK@SDC HM @ QD@BSNQ 5GDQL@K DMDQFX ) RSNQDC AX @MX LDS@KKHB ANCX
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
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
1RDTCN ANMC FQ@OG DMDQFX U@QH@AKDR *LOTKRD B %HROK@BDLDMS C /TLADQ NE LNKDR & < LNKD= 1QDRRTQD LNLDMSTL B B .@RR ? <JF= 5GDQL@K DMDQFX ) <+= *MSDQM@K &MDQFX - <+=
1C93 ?>4 B1@8 <5=5>DC *M ANMC FQ@OG K@MFT@FD SVN @BSHUD DKDLDMSR M@LDKX RNTQBDR 4D @MC 4E SGQDD FDMDQ@KHYDC O@RRHUD DKDLDMSR * $@MC 3 SVN ITMBSHNMR @MC @MC SVN SQ@MR CTBDQR 5' @MC (: @QD TRDC SN LNCDK @MX DMDQFDSHB OQNBDRR 8GDM SGD DWBG@MFDC ONVDQ HR MDFKHFHAKD NQ HR CQ@VM EQNL RNLD TMLNCDKDC DWSDQM@K RNTQBD 7 9 SGD S@MJ BHQBTHS HM @M @LOKHDQ SGDM HS HR QDOQDRDMSDC AX @M HMENQL@SHNM ANMC G@UHMF ETKK @QQNVR SN RGNV SGD CHQDBSHNM NE HMENQL@SHNM HLONRHSHNM KHJD HM @ AKNBJ CH@FQ@L 5GD ETKK @QQNV NM SGD HMENQL@SHNM ANMC @KRN B@KKDC @BSHU@SDC ANMC B@M QDOQDRDMS SGD RHFM@K SQ@MRLHSSDC AX @ RDMRNQ HMSDFQ@SNQ RTL LDLADQ 7F5 5GDQD @QD MHMD A@RHB LTKSHONQS DKDLDMSR FQNTODC HMSN ENTQ B@SDFNQHDR @BBNQCHMF SN SGDHQ DMDQFX BG@Q@BSDQHRSHBR 5GDRD DKDLDMSR @MC SGDHQ CDMHSHNMR @QD RTLL@QHYDC HM 5@AKD
$;2 %
#@RHB #NMC (Q@OG &KDLDMSR
*12<5 %DMHSHNMR NE SGD A@RHB ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR
97 3DOQDRDMS@SHNM NE ONQS O@RRHUD DKDLDMSR
(5C9CD9F5 <5=5>DC ( 5<5=5>D 5>9D9?> " ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMS HR NE SXOD 3DKDLDMS QDRHRSNQ NQ CHRRHO@SDQ HE HS CDMDR @M @KFDAQ@HB BNMRSHSTSHUD DPT@SHNM ADSVDDM DEENQS @MC NV 5GHR DKDLDMS LNCDKR @KK DMDQFX CHRRHO@SHNM SXOD OGDMNLDM@
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
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
97 3 DKDLDMS 1 #NMC FQ@OG 2 &KDBSQHB@K QDRHRS@MBD 3 .DBG@MHB@K C@LODQ 4 )XCQ@TKHB QDRHRSNQ 5 $GDLHB@K LDLAQ@MD
5GD BNMRSHSTSHUD DPT@SHNM NE 3DKDLDMS HR @ RS@SHB ETMBSHNM Φ* 7 8
5GHR QDK@SHNM B@M AD KHMD@Q NQ MNMKHMD@Q &W@LOKDR @QD
0GL R K@V HM SGD DKDBSQHB@K CNL@HM G *7 ; .DBG@MHB@K EQHBSHNM *? J #DQMNTKKH R K@V HM GXCQ@TKHBR ∆ ( *:. $GDLHB@K CHEETRHNM K@V ADSVDDM SVN RTARS@MBDR NE CHEEDQDMS ONSDMSH@K SGQNTFG @ LDLAQ@MD ∆ µ * @
5GD 3DKDLDMS B@M AD LNCTK@SDC AX @M DWSDQM@K RHFM@K 'NQ DW@LOKD BNMRHCDQ @ U@KUD BNMSQNKKDC AX ]0M0EE^ BNMSQNKKDQ @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD BNMSQNK RHFM@K G5 ! HR LNCDKDC AX @M HMENQL@SHNM ANMC 'HFTQD A 5GD UNKTLD NV Q@SD . HR SGDM BNLOTSDC @R ENKKNVR & . ∆ (*: HE G5 . HE G5 $NMBDQMHMF SGD OQNBDRR OK@MS HSDLR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG CHRRHO@SHNM OQNBDRRDR SGD CQHUHMF ENQBD VGHBG KD@CR SN DMDQFX CHRRHO@SHNM NQ L@SDQH@K SQ@MRONQS@SHNM HR SGD DEENQS
#@RHB #NMC (Q@OG &KDLDMSR
97 .NCTK@SDC 3 DKDLDMS 1 4BGDL@SHB ENQL NE @ BNMSQNKKDC U@KUD VHSG U@QH@AKD QDRSQHBSHNM 2 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK
FQ@CHDMS CHEEDQDMBD ADSVDDM SGD TORSQD@L @MC CNVMRSQD@L DEENQSR OQDRRTQD CQNO BGDLHB@K ONSDMSH@K CHEEDQDMBD SDLODQ@STQD CHEEDQDMBD 'QNL @ ETMBSHNM@K ONHMS NE UHDV QDRHRSHUD OQNBDRRDR QDBDHUD ONVDQ @MC CHRRHO@SD HS 5GDX @QD U@KUDR QDRSQHBSHNMR EQHBSHNM DU@ONQ@SHNM QDRHRSNQR 7F5 5GD QDRHRS@MBD B@M AD MDF@SHUD HE HS RTOOKHDR ONVDQ 'NQ DW@LOKD SGD CQX EQHBSHNM OGDMNLDM@ NV HMCTBDC DWBHS@SHNM OGDMNLDM@ SNQPTDRODDC BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB NE LN SNQR NQ OQDRRTQD CHEEDQDMBDUNKTLD NV BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB ENQ @ OTLO B@M AD LNCDKDC @R * DKDLDMSR < = VHSG MDF@SHUD U@KTDR ENQ O@Q@LDSDQ * *S RGNTKC AD MNSDC SG@S SGD 3DKDLDMS TRT@KKX VHSGCQ@VR ONVDQ EQNL SGD RXRSDL @MC SQ@MRENQLR HS LNRSKX HMSN TRDKDRR GD@S HKKTRSQ@SHMF SGD E@BS SG@S SGD CHRRHO@SHNM OGDMNLDMNM HR HQQDUDQRHAKD 5A@A?;5 * 7>7?7@F 5GD 3DKDLDMS B@M AD TRDC ENQ LNCDKHMF DBNMNLHB RXRSDLR BG@Q@BSDQHYDC AX HMENQ L@SHNM DWBG@MFD 5GD SXOHB@K 3SXOD DBNMNLHB BNLONMDMS HR @ ETMBSHNM@K QDK@SHNM RGHO CDCTBDC EQNL SGD RTOOKX @MC CDL@MC BTQUDR HM L@QJDS OK@BDR " RODBHB DW@LOKD NE SGHR JHMC NE BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM ENQ RTOOKX @MC CDL@MC BTQUDR HR 85
(G (G
VGDQD HR @ BNMRS@MS CDMDC @R RDMRHSHUHSX NQ DK@RSHBHSX HM DBNMNLHBR KHSDQ@STQD ( 1>4 () <5=5>DC 9> ?>4E3D9?> 51D *B1>C65B 5N HMSQNCTBD SGD 3DKDLDMS HM SGDQL@K CNL@HM KDS TR BNMRHCDQ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKHMF NE BNMCTBSHNM GD@S SQ@MREDQ VHCDKX TRDC HM GD@S DWBG@MFDQR SGDQL@K KNRRDR SGQNTFG V@KKR NE ETQM@BDR 7F5 *M 'HFTQD GD@S SQ@MREDQ SGQNTFG @ V@KK NE SGDQL@K QD RHRS@MBD *F HR QDOQDRDMSDC 'NQ @ V@KK VHSG SGDQL@K BNMCTBSHUHSX NE SGD L@SDQH@K λ SGHBJMDRR @MC @QD@ *F HR
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
*F
λ
97 1 5GDQL@K BNMCTBSHNM 2 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 3 4 5QTD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR
#X @M@KNFX VHSG DKDBSQHB@K RXRSDLR SGD GD@S NV ) PT@MSHSX NE GD@S SQ@MRLHSSDC SGQNTFG SGD V@KK ODQ TMHS NE SHLD HR @ ONVDQ QDRTKSHMF EQNL SGD OQNCTBS NE @ UNKS@FD , @MC @ BTQQDMS + ) , +
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Φ* ∆ , ) *F
5GD DKDLDMSR ]^ QDRODBSHUDKX ]^ HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR 'HFTQD AC @QD ITMBSHNMR TRDC SN BNMMDBS OGXRHB@K BNLONMDMSR ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR G@UHMF BNLLNM NVR QDRODBSHUDKX BNLLNM DEENQSR 5GNRD ITMBSHNM DKDLDMSR @QD CDUDK NODC K@SDQ &PT@SHNM TRDR ORDTCN ANMC FQ@OG U@QH@AKDR *S QDOQDRDMSR @ BNMRSHSTSHUD RS@SHB @M@KNFNTR SN SGD DKDBSQHB NMD KHMJHMF DPT@SHNM QDK@SHMF DEENQS ∆ , @MC NV ) CHEEDQDMBD NE ONSDMSH@K VHSG BTQQDMS #TS SGD TRD NE DMSQNOX NV SQTD ANMC FQ@OG
#@RHB #NMC (Q@OG &KDLDMSR
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97 &W@LOKDR NE 5' DKDLDMS 1 &KDBSQHB@K SQ@MRENQLDQ 2 )XCQ@TKHB OHRSNM 3 .DBG@MHB@K KDUDQ
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
5Q@MRENQLDQR @QD NE SVN CHEEDQDMS JHMCR *LODC@MBD SQ@MRENQLDQR VGDQD SGD HMOTS @MC NTSOTS U@QH@AKDR @QD NE SGD R@LD DMDQFX CNL@HM NQ BK@RR $K@RR SQ@MRENQLDQR VGDQD SGD HMOTS @MC NTSOTS U@QH@AKDR ADKNMF SN CHEEDQDMS DM DQFX CNL@HMR NQ BK@RRDR 7 9 GXCQ@TKHB BXKHMCDQR @MC OTLOR BNMMDBSHMF GXCQ@TKHB U@QH@AKDR VHSG LDBG@MHB@K U@QH@AKDR )XCQ@TKHB ONVDQ HR SQ@MRCTBDC HMSN LDBG@M HB@K ONVDQ HM SGD OHRSNM KD3FAD 7>7?7@F 1 5>9D9?> " (XQ@SNQ DKDLDMS CDMNSDC AX (: HR @ BNMRDQU@SHUD SVNONQS ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMS VGHBG RB@KDR CHRRHLHK@Q ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR FDMDQ@KKX SQ@MRENQLHMF DM DQFX EQNL NMD CNL@HM HMSN @MNSGDQ 5GD HMOTS DEENQS HR OQNONQSHNM@K SN SGD NTSOTS NV @MC SGD NTSOTS DEENQS HR OQNONQSHNM@K SN SGD HMOTS NV &PT@SHNM (XQ@SNQR @QD @KRN B@KKDC SQ@MRCTBDQR @MC SGDX @KKNV NMD SN SQ@MRENQL DMDQFX EQNL NMD CNL@HM HMSN @MNSGDQ FXQNRBNOD DKDBSQHB LNSNQ "M DW@LOKD HR SGD DKDBSQHB LNSNQ SG@S SQ@MRENQLR DKDBSQHB ONVDQ SN LDBG@MHB@K QNS@QX ONVDQ 'HFTQD @ 5GD BNMRS@MS NE OQNONQSHNM@KHSX D HR B@KKDC 9KD3FAD D3F;A NQ ?A6G>GE 5GD FXQ@SNQ L@X AD @CITRS@AKD @MC HSR BNMUDQRHNM Q@SHN B@M AD LNCTK@SDC AX @ RHFM@K @OOKHDC SGQNTFG @M @BSHU@SDC ANMC 5GHR HR QDOQDRDMSDC AX SGD RXLANK .(: ?A6G>3F76 9KD3FAD "M DW@LOKD HR SGD DKDBSQHB LNSNQ VHSG U@QH@AKD DKC RSQDMFSG 'HFTQD A 6MKHJD SGD 5'DKDLDMS SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD DPT@SHNM ENQ (: HR ]BQNRRDC^ ; 7 AD SVDDM CHRRHLHK@Q ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR 7 D 8 7 D 8
97 1 (XQ@SNQ DKDLDMS 2 .NCTK@SDC FXQ@SNQ DKDLDMS
/NSD SG@S SGD LNCTK@SDC RHFM@K @BSHU@SDC ANMC LD@MR SG@S MN ONVDQ HR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG SGD BG@MFD HM ? @MC D HM ANSG 5' @MC (: DKDLDMSR SGTR SGD ONVDQ 7 8 HR DPT@K SN 7 8 5GHR HR BNMSQ@QX SN NSGDQ O@RRHUD DKDLDMSR 7 9 $DKDLDMS VGDQD SGD RSNQDC DMDQFX BG@MFDR VGDM SGD HMENQL@SHNM RHFM@K BG@MFDR 0MD DW@LOKD NE SGD K@SSDQ B@RD HR @ B@O@BHSNQ VHSG LNU@AKD OK@SDR
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97 *MENQL@SHNM ANMC 1 &EENQS CDSDBSNQ 2 'KNV CDSDBSNQ 3 5Q@MRLHSSDC NQ BNMSQNK RHFM@K
5GHR LD@MR SG@S NMKX NMD U@QH@AKD DEENQS NQ NV HR TRDC HM @ RHFM@K ANMC 5GD DEENQS RDMRNQ ENQ DW@LOKD OQNUHCD SN SGD TRDQ NQ SN NODQ@SNQ NMKX HMENQL@SHNM @ANTS SGD DEENQS LD@RTQDLDMS 5GDQD HR MN QD@BSHNM EQNL SGD RDMRNQ SN SGD RXRSDL 5GHR HR VGX SGD NV HR BNMRHCDQDC DPT@K SN YDQN 'HFTQD @ 5GD ANMC HR CDMNSDC @R @BSHU@SDC 4A@6 ;E 53>>76 35F;H3F76 ;8 A@7 A8 ;FE 5A@7 ;E E7F FA L7DA
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
@ ODQODMCHBTK@Q RSQNJD NM D@BG ANMC 5GHR RHMFKD L@QJ NM @ ANMC B@KKDC @ 53GE3> EFDA=7HMCHB@SDR GNV 7 @MC 8 @QD RHLTKS@MDNTRKX CDSDQLHMDC NM @ ANMC -DS TR BNMRHCDQ HMSDQ@BSHNM ADSVDDM SVN RTARXRSDLR " @MC # GXCQ@TKHB OTLO @MC @ S@MJ @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD OTLO L@X CDKHUDQ @R NTSOTS @ NV UNKTLD NV .( NQ @M DEENQS DEENQS (( 5GD BNMITF@SD ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR ENQ SGD S@MJ @QD OQDRRTQD (( @MC UNKTLD Q@SD .* $NLOTS@SHNM NE SGD LNCDKR B@M AD ODQENQLDC AX SVN B@TR@K ANMC FQ@OGR @MC SGDHQ BNQQDRONMCHMF AKNBJ CH@FQ@LR (( HR JMNVM ENQ # 'HFTQD @ NQ .* HR JMNVM ENQ # 'HFTQD A
97 $@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS QTKD
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K@SDQ SG@S HM MNMOGXRHB@K RXRSDLR RTBG @R VGDM VD TRD @U@HK@AKD HMENQL@SHNM ENQ CH@FMNRHR SGDX B@M AD BNNQHDMSDC 5GD B@TR@KHSX BNMUDMSHNM HR D@RHKX QDLDLADQDC SGQNTFG SGD FQ@OGHB@K QDOQDRDMS@ SHNM FHUDM HM 'HFTQD B
(2>B2;A6.9 [email protected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¦ @MC ¦ #@RDC NM CHRBTRRDC B@TR@KHSX QTKDR 5@AKD BNMRSHSTSHUD B@TR@K DPT@SHNMR ENQ SGD ITMBSHNM @MC 3DKDLDMS B@M AD VQHSSDM @R ENKKNVR
:E>3D9?> ENQ DEENQSR ∆ , , , ENQ NVR ) ) ) ) ∆, ( 5<5=5>D ) 'NTQHDQ R K@V HM KHMD@Q B@RD *F
'QNL SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK FHUDM HM 'HFTQD A VD NAS@HM
:E>3D9?> ENQ DEENQSR , , , ENQ NVR ) ) ) ) ( 5<5=5>D , *F )
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
*12<5 $@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS ENQ ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR
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97 $@TR@K ORDTCNANMC FQ@OG @MC AKNBJ CH@FQ@L LNCDKR NE SGDQL@K BNMCTBSHNM
/NSD SG@S *F HR SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS
[email protected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
97 #HB@TR@K ANMC FQ@OG
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
*M SGD QRS B@RD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD SGD B@TR@KHSX NE 3 HMCHB@SDR SG@S ANSG DEENQS @MC NV @QD @U@HK@AKD SN @ AKNBJ QDOQDRDMSHMF SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM NE SGD 3 DKDLDMS 5GHR @KKNVR NMD SN B@KBTK@SD SGD QDRHRS@MBD * ; 7 HS GDKOR HM O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM .NQD CDS@HKR NM AHB@TR@KHSX MNS@SHNM @MC HSR TRD @QD FHUDM HM $G@OSDQ
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
5GD CHLDMRHNM NE SGD RS@SD UDBSNQ HR DPT@K SN SGD MTLADQ NE $ @MC *DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX *E @LNMF SGD @ $ @MC *DKDLDMSR @> @QD HM CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX SGDM SGD NQCDQ NE SGD LNCDK HR @ @> 5GD RS@SDRO@BD DPT@SHNMR B@M AD CDCTBDC EQNL @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM SGD ENK KNVHMF RSDOR 8QHSD RSQTBSTQ@K K@VR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD 5' (: 8QHSD BNMRSHSTSHUD DPT@SHNMR NE RNTQBDR @MC D@BG O@RRHUD DKDLDMS 3 $ * $NLAHMD SGDRD CHEEDQDMS K@VR SN NAS@HM RS@SD DPT@SHNM SGQNTFG RDPTDMSH@K NQCDQHMF @MC RTARSHSTSHNMR
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97 1 "M DW@LOKD DKDBSQHB@K RXRSDL 2 *SR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK
5GD RS@SDRO@BD DPT@SHNM VHKK AD CDQHUDC HM SGD ENQL JF JF G @MC SGD NTSOTSR VHKK AD VQHSSDM HM SGD ENQL K J G 8GDQD SGD RS@SD U@QH@AKD J SGD BNMSQNK HMOTS G @MC SGD LD@RTQDLDMS K @QD QDRODB SHUDKX SGD DMDQFX U@QH@AKDR HM CXM@LHB ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMS $ @MC * SGD RNTQBD 4D @MC SGD DEENQS CDSDBSNQ %D , 7 6F B J , C 8 6F G +7 F K 7 7 5GD RSQTBSTQ@K DPT@SHNMR @QD SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD DPT@SHNMR NE ]^ @MC ]^ ITMBSHNMR DMDQFX NQ ONVDQ A@K@MBD DPT@SHNMR 8 8 8 8 8 8 ITMBSHNM 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 ITMBSHNM 8 8 8 5GD ENKKNVHMF DPT@SHNMR @QD SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD ADG@UHNQ@K DPT@SHNMR NE ANMC FQ@OG * $ @MC 3 DKDLDMSR
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
! , B ' ' 7 6F 8 ' ' $ $ ' ' % , C 7 8 6F ' ' * 8 7 ' ' ' ' # 8 7 * $NLAHMHMF &PT@SHNMR @MC VD NAS@HM SGD RS@SDRO@BD DPT@SHNM * $ B B F C C $ * B K 7 C .NQD CDS@HKR NE RDPTDMSH@K NQCDQHMF SN NAS@HM RS@SD DPT@SHNMR @QD FHUDM HM <= /NSD SG@S ENQ RNLD RODBHB ENQLR RS@SD DPT@SHNMR B@MMNS AD NAS@HMDC @R RHLOKX SGQNTFG RDPTDMSH@K NQCDQHMF @MC RTARSHSTSHNMR 5GDRD RHST@SHNMR @QHRD CTD SN @KFDAQ@HB KNNOR CHRBTRRDC HM $G@OSDQ @MC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX " B@TR@K KNNO <= HR @MNSGDQ RHST@SHNM VGDQD HS ADBNLDR HLONRRHAKD SN DKHLHM@SD TMJMNVM U@QH@AKDR
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97 "M DKDBSQHB@K RXRSDL 1 @MC HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM 2 HMSDFQ@K @MC 3 CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX
97 1@QSHSHNMDC QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE LNCDK RSQTBSTQD
+ J; + 26 ;@ + 1 +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ 2; + J6 + AGF + -
5GD L@SQHW ) G@R @ @+ QNVR VGDQD @ @MC @+ @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD MTLADQR NE BNLONMDMSR *3 NQ $ @MC RDMRNQR HM SGD RXRSDLR %D @MC %E 5GHR L@SQHW HR BNLONRDC NE ? D NQ ? @MC D VGDQD ? @MC D @QD SGD LNCTKH NE SQ@MR
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
ENQLDQ 5' @MC FXQ@SNQ (: DKDLDMSR .NQD CDS@HKR NM SGD LNCDK RSQTBSTQD @MC HSR HLOKHB@SHNMR B@M AD ENTMC HM <=
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4HMFKD &MDQFX #NMC (Q@OG
97 4SDOR ENQ BNMRSQTBSHNM NE ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE LDBG@MHB@K SQ@MRK@SHNM
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF HM 1QNBDRR &MFHMDDQHMF
97 5GDQL@K RXRSDL @MC HSR DKDBSQHB@K DPTHU@KDMBD
97 %HEEDQDMS RSDOR HM ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKHMF @MC U@KHC@SHNM
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E.:=92 %[email protected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97 3DRONMRD NE SGD @QSHBTK@SDC UDGHBKD VHSG CHEEDQDMS EDDCA@BJ F@HMR
QDRODBSHUDKX SGD DPTHU@KDMS L@RR RSHEEMDRR @MC C@LOHMF NE SGD RKDMCDQ DPTHOLDMS VHSG @ SHO KN@C % 8 # 8 @MC * 8 @QD SGD ENTMC@SHNM L@RR RSHEEMDRR @MC C@LOHMF QD RODBSHUDKX 5GD RJX GNNJ C@LODQ HR *E @MC RB@KDC CNVM U@KTDR NE @KK SGD O@Q@LDSDQR @QD LDMSHNMDC HM SGD FTQD 8D VHKK BNMRHCDQ SGD CXM@LHBR NE SGD RXRSDL HM SGD UDQSHB@K CHQDBSHNM 5GD NA IDBSHUD HR SN CDRHFM OQNODQ ENTMC@SHNM C@LOHMF RTBG SG@S TSSDQ HMRS@AHKHSX B@M AD @UNHCDC
97 4BGDL@SHB CH@FQ@L NE @ UHFHK@MBD RXRSDL @MSDMM@
8D QDBNFMHYD SG@S SGD ENTMC@SHNM C@LODQ @OOKHDR @ ENQBD DEENQS NM SGD L@RR % 8 VGHBG HR OQNONQSHNM@K SN SGD UDKNBHSX NE SGD L@RR % 8 @MC HM SGD NOONRHSD CHQDBSHNM SN
$K@RRHB@K .NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
SGD UDKNBHSX 5GDQDENQD VD B@M BNMUDQS SGD @ANUD OQNAKDL SN @ BNMSQNK OQNAKDL @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @MC SQX SN MC @ OQNODQ F@HM U@KTD * 8 @ OQNONQSHNM@K EDDCA@BJ F@HM ENQ RS@AHKHSX NE SGD RXRSDL 4TBG @ V@X NE KNNJHMF @S @ RXRSDL CDRHFM OQNAKDL EQNL @ BNMSQNK SGDNQDSHB ODQRODBSHUD HR B@KKDC @ 6D;H;@9 BA;@F ;?B763@57 CDRHFM HM E@BS % 8 # 8 @MC * 8 SNFDSGDQ BNMRSHSTSD SGD CQHUHMF ONHMS HLODC@MBD
97 3DOQDRDMS@SHNM NE ENTMC@SHNM C@LOHMF EQNL @M @KSDQM@SHUD UHDVONHMS
8D VHKK CD@K VHSG SGHR OQNAKDL MTLDQHB@KKX @MC RS@QS EQNL SGD RS@SD RO@BD DPT@ SHNMR NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD DPT@SHNMR NE LNSHNM NE SGD NODMKNNO RXRSDL @ESDQ QDLNUHMF SGD EDDCA@BJ CDQHUDC EQNL SGD @ANUD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK @QD ( #7 ) *7 ( %7 ( % 8 # 8 ) *E ( %7 #7 ) *7 ( %7 ( % 8 ( ) ( % 8 ) ( %7 ( % 8 . 8 ( % 8
#X RTARSHSTSHMF MTLDQHB@K U@KTDR NE O@Q@LDSDQR HM &PT@SHNM SGD RS@SD RO@BD , ENQL VHSG RS@SD UDBSNQ J ( ( ) ) @MC NTSOTS K . 8 B@M AD VQHSSDM HM SGD ENQL NE SGD ENKKNVHMF L@SQHBDR
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD UHFHK@MBD RXRSDL @M SDMM@
@MC
5GDRD RS@SD RO@BD L@SQHBDR VHKK AD TRDC K@SDQ HM SGHR BG@OSDQ ENQ CHEEDQDMS V@XR NE RXRSDL RS@AHKHY@SHNM /NSD SG@S SGD DHFDMU@KTDR NE L@SQHW @QD < @MC < VGHBG LD@MR SG@S @KK SGD DHFDMU@KTDR NE SGD NODM KNNO RXRSDL G@UD ONRHSHUD QD@K O@QSR @MC GDMBD SGD NODM KNNO RXRSDL HR TMRS@AKD 8D QRS CDQHUD SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM NE SGHR 4*40 RHMFKD HMOTS RHMFKD NTSOTS RXRSDL E
E E E E E E E
5GD ONKDR NE SGD @ANUD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM @QD < @MC < R@LD @R SGD DHFDMU@KTDR NE L@SQHW HE SGDQD HR MN ONKDYDQN B@MBDKK@SHNM @MC SGD YDQNDR @QD @MC < 3NTSG RS@AHKHSX @M@KXRHR NE SGD @ANUD SQ@MREDQ ETMB SHNM RGNVR SG@S SGD EDDCA@BJ RXRSDL VHKK AD RS@AKD ENQ SGD F@HM Q@MFD U@KTD NE * 8 SN )NVDUDQ VD VHKK CQ@V @ QNNS KNBH OKNS NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HM &PT@SHNM ENQ ETQSGDQ DW@LHM@SHNM @R FHUDM HM 'HFTQD "R SGD F@HM HR HMBQD@RDC EQNL ONKDR L@QJDC VHSG SN f YDQNDR L@QJDC VHSG N SGD DHFDMU@KTDR LNUD @KNMF SGD KNBH @MC @KK QNNSR ADBNLD RS@AKD VGDM SGD F@HM DWBDDCR )NVDUDQ @R SGD F@HM HR HMBQD@RDC ETQSGDQ SN @MC ADXNMC NMD NE SGD QNNSR ADBNLDR TMRS@AKD @R RGNVM HM SGD YNNLDC QNNS KNBH HM 'HFTQD
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97 3NNS KNBH OKNS
97 ;NNLDC QNNS KNBH OKNS
5GD NOSHLTL C@LOHMF HR NAS@HMDC VGDM VD G@UD SGD DHFDMU@KTDR VHSG SGD K@QFDRS ONRRHAKD MDF@SHUD QD@K O@QS *M SGHR B@RD SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF F@HM HR ENTMC SN AD &RS@AKHRGHMF @ MDF@SHUD EDDCA@BJ VHSG F@HM NE VD G@UD @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM 8 E
E E E E E E E E E
5GD HMUDQRD -@OK@BD SQ@MRENQL NE 8 E HR FHUDM AX K 8 F BNR F 7 F BNR 7F *M E@BS &PT@SHNM CDRBQHADR SGD QDRONMRD NE SGD RXRSDL SN TMHS HLOTKRD VGHBG HR OKNSSDC HM 'HFTQD
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 *LOTKRD QDRONMRD NE SGD UHFHK@MBD RXRSDL @MSDMM@
8D KD@UD HS SN SGD QD@CDQ SN UDQHEX SG@S HE SGD RXRSDL HM 'HFTQD HR QDOQDRDMSDC HM AKNBJ CH@FQ@L ENQL @MC HR RHLTK@SDC VHSG * 8 /RL @MC @M HMHSH@K UDKNB HSX NE LR FHUDM SN SGD ENTMC@SHNM L@RR * % 8 SGDM SGD R@LD QDRONMRD FHUDM HM 'HFTQD HR NAS@HMDC 0MD L@X MNV G@UD @ BKNRDQ KNNJ @S SGD RXRSDL CXM@LHBR EQNL SGD ONHMS NE UHDV NE OGXRHBR NE SGD OQNAKDL VGX CNDR SGD RXRSDL ADBNLD TMRS@AKD ENQ KNV @R VDKK @R GHFG U@KTDR NE ENTMC@SHNM C@LOHMF! 5GD MDF@SHUD C@LOHMF CQ@VR DMDQFX EQNL SGD DMUHQNMLDMS @R NOONRDC SN ONRHSHUD C@LOHMF SGD RNTQBD NE DMDQFX HM SGHR B@RD HR SGD @HQ NVHMF NUDQ SGD AKTEE ANCX 5GHR HLONQSDC DMDQFX RGNTKC AD CHRRHO@SDC AX NSGDQ BNLONMDMSR NE SGD RXRSDL RTBG SG@S SGD RXRSDL QDL@HMR RS@AKD 5GHR HR VGX VD MDDC RNLD LHMHLTL C@LOHMF HM SGD ENTMC@SHNM 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC @R SGD ENTMC@SHNM C@LOHMF HMBQD@RDR SGD DMSHQD ENTMC@SHNM ADBNLDR UDQX G@QC ITRS KHJD @ I@LLDC RGNBJ HRNK@SNQ NE @ UDGHBKD 5GHR LD@MR SG@S SGD ENTMC@SHNM VHKK MNS AD @AKD SN OQNUHCD RTEBHDMS DMDQFX CHRRHO@SHNM HS HR @KLNRS KHJD L@RR % 8 @MC DUDQXSGHMF ADKNV HS ADBNLHMF O@QS NE SGD FQNTMC RSQTBSTQD )DMBD SGD QDL@HMHMF VDDJ C@LODQ *7 HR MNS DMNTFG SN RS@AHKHYD SGD RXRSDL 5GD DMDQFDSHB HMSDQ@BSHNMR ADSVDDM U@QHNTR BNLONMDMSR HM SGHR DW@LOKD VNTKC ADBNLD BKD@QDQ VGDM VD HMSQNCTBD SGD BNMBDOS NE @BSHUHSX HMCDW HM SGD MDWS BG@OSDQ /NSD SG@S HE VD BNMRHCDQ SGD CDRHFMDC U@KTD NE SGD C@LODQ HM SGD LNCDK @MC QD OK@BD SGD ENTMC@SHNM RSHEEMDRR @R @ CHROK@BDLDMS CDODMCDMS ENQBD EDDCA@BJ SGDM VD B@M @KRN CDRHFM @ OQNODQ ENTMC@SHNM RSHEEMDRR @MNSGDQ O@QS NE SGD CQHUHMF ONHMS HL ODC@MBD *SDQ@SHUDKX VD B@M @QQHUD @S SGD ADRS ROQHMFC@LODQ O@Q@LDSDQR ENQ SGD ENTMC@SHNM *S HR VNQSGVGHKD SN LDMSHNM SG@S SGD BNLAHMDC ROQHMF C@LODQ BNLAHM@ SHNM @BSR @R @ 1* OQNONQSHNM@KHMSDFQ@K EDDCA@BJ VGDQD UDKNBHSX NE SGD ENTMC@SHNM L@RR HR SGD BNMSQNKKDQ HMOTS @MC @ ENQBD NM SGD ENTMC@SHNM L@RR HR SGD BNMSQNKKDQ NTSOTS
1EC1< &1D8C 0MD NE SGD A@RHB BNMBDOSR TRDC HM RSQTBSTQ@K @M@KXRHR NE LNCDKR HR SGD TMCDQRS@MCHMF NE SGD HMENQL@SHNM DWBG@MFD S@JHMF OK@BD @BQNRR @ AQN@C RODBSQTL NE DKDLDMSR HM SGD
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97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD DKDBSQNLDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL
LNCDK *M SGD OQDUHNTR BG@OSDQ VD G@UD CHRBTRRDC B@TR@KHSX NE CHEEDQDMS DKDLDMSR SVN ONQSR @MC ITMBSHNMR VGHBG L@X AD BNMRHCDQDC @R @ KNB@KHYDC B@TR@K @RRHFMLDMS BNMBDOS HM VGHBG 4$"1 V@R ENKKNVDC SN @QQHUD @S BNLOTS@AKD LNCDKR )NVDUDQ HE NMD HR HMSDQDRSDC HM RSTCXHMF VGHBG DKDLDMSR @QD FNHMF SN HMTDMBD VGHBG CXM@L HBR SGDM NMD G@R SN HMSDQOQDS GNV SGD HMENQL@SHNM ADSVDDM CHEEDQDMS RDFLDMSR NE SGD FQ@OG @QD BNTOKDC 5GHR VNTKC DM@AKD TR SN MC HE SGD HMTDMBD NE CXM@LHBR NE @ O@Q SHBTK@Q RDFLDMS VNTKC AD RHFMHB@MS RSQNMF HMSDQ@BSHNM NQ LHMNQ VD@J HMSDQ@BSHNM NM @MNSGDQ RDFLDMS 5>9D9?> " B@TR@K O@SG < = SQ@BJR SGD OQNFQDRR NE @ RHFM@K SGQNTFG SGD LNCDK *M ANMC FQ@OG SDQLR @ RHFM@K HR NMD NE SGD ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR ; 7 DEENQS NQ NV 8GDM SGD RHFM@K QD@BGDR @ ITMBSHNM HS HR DHSGDQ CHRSQHATSDC ; 7 ENKKNVR @MX NMD NE SGD VD@J ANMCR HE SGD RHFM@K HR SGD RSQNMF U@QH@AKD NE SGD ITMBSHNM NQ FNDR SN SGD RSQNMF ANMC HE HS HR SGD VD@J U@QH@AKD NE SGD ITMBSHNM 8GDM SGD RHFM@K QD@BGDR @ O@RRHUD DKDLDMS * $ NQ 3 HS QDSTQMR A@BJ SGQNTFG HS ATS TMCDQFNDR @ PT@KHS@SHUD BG@MFD ; 7 NV U@QH@AKD ADBNLDR DEENQS U@QH@AKD @MC H;57 H7DE3 4HLHK@QKX HE SGD RHFM@K O@RRDR SGQNTFG @ FXQ@SNQ SGDM SGDQD HR @ PT@KHS@SHUD BG@MFD 8GDM @ RHFM@K QD@BGDR @ RNTQBD NQ @ RDMRNQ HS HR SDQLHM@SDC SGDQD 5>9D9?> 8GDM @ B@TR@K O@SG RS@QSR EQNL @ O@QSHBTK@Q U@QH@AKD HM @ O@QSHBTK@Q ANMC @MC QDSTQMR SN SGD R@LD U@QH@AKD HM SGD R@LD ANMC @F@HM HS HR B@KKDC @ BKNRDC O@SG @MC SGD O@SG HR SDQLHM@SDC SGDQD 5>9D9?> " BKNRDC B@TR@K O@SG HM VGHBG MN O@RRHUD DKDLDMSR @QD DMBNTMSDQDC ; 7 MN *$ NQ 3 HR @ B@TR@K KNNO < = 5>9D9?> " BKNRDC B@TR@K O@SG HM VGHBG @KK O@RRHUD DKDLDMSR DMBNTMSDQDC @QD DHSGDQ QDRHRSHUD DKDLDMSR NQ CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HR @M @KFDAQ@HB KNNO < =
)?.;@32? B;0A6<;@ 3?<: <;1 ?.=5 "<129@ $NMRHCDQ SGD ANMC FQ@OG NE SGD RXRSDL CDRBQHADC D@QKHDQ HM 'HFTQD @ VGNRD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HR QDOQNCTBDC GDQD HM 'HFTQD ENQ QD@CX QDEDQDMBD 8D G@UD TRDC SGHR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK D@QKHDQ SN HKKTRSQ@SD SGD OQNBDCTQD NE BNMRSQTBSHMF RHFM@K NV FQ@OGR
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
*M 'HFTQD KDS TR SQX SN MC SGD B@TR@K O@SGR EQNL SGD RNTQBD SN SGD NTSOTS ; 7 SGD UDKNBHSX NE SGD L@RR ADHMF KHESDC 8 5GD RS@QSHMF RHFM@K HM SGHR B@RD HR 7 #DB@TRD 7 HR SGD VD@J U@QH@AKD HM SGD MDWS ITMBSHNM HS FNDR SN SGD RSQNMF ANMC ; 7 ANMC MTLADQ 8D VHKK VQHSD SGHR @R 7 7 *M E@BS SGHR SQ@UDQR@K B@M AD UHRT@KKX CNMD ANMC MTLADQ G@R @ B@TR@KHSX SNV@QCR SGD NMD ITMBSHNM @MC RN HS B@M S@JD @ O@SG @KNMF @MX ANMC G@UHMF B@TR@KHSX @V@X EQNL SGD ITMBSHNM *M SGHR B@RD ADB@TRD VD G@UD @ ITMBSHNM SGDQD HR NMKX NMD ANMC G@UHMF B@TR@KHSX @V@X EQNL SGD ITMBSHNM *E HS VDQD @ ITMBSHNM SGDM @KK NSGDQ ANMCR VNTKC G@UD B@TR@KHSX @V@X EQNL SGD ITMBSHNM @MC SGD B@TR@K O@SG BNTKC G@UD SQ@UDQRDC @KNMF @MX NMD NE SGDL "KK SGNRD ONRRHAHKHSHDR @QD BNTMSDC @R CHEEDQDMS B@TR@K O@SGR *M SGD MDWS RSDO VD DMBNTMSDQ @ O@RRHUD DKDLDMS * * @S ANMC MTLADQ SGQNTFG VGHBG SGD B@TR@K O@SG QDSTQMR VHSG @ PT@KHS@SHUD BG@MFD 5GHR HR ADB@TRD SGD 3 DKDLDMS HM SGHR B@RD S@JDR DEENQS HMENQL@SHNM @MC QDSTQMR NV HMENQL@SHNM 5GTR SGD B@TR@K O@SG VHKK MNV AD VQHSSDM @R 7 7 * * 8 5GD NV HMENQL@SHNM 8 HR MNV CHRSQHATSDC AX SGD ITMBSHNM NMD FNDR A@BJ SN SGD RNTQBD @MC SGD B@TR@K O@SG SDQLHM@SDR SGDQD ; 7 7 7 * * 8 8 VGHBG HR B@KKDC @ RNTQBD KN@CHMF @MC SGD NSGDQ O@SG HR 7 7 * * 8 8 5GD B@TR@K O@SG MNV DMBNTMSDQR @ FXQ@SNQ DKDLDMS @MC GDMBD HS VHKK ETQSGDQ TM CDQFN @ PT@KHS@SHUD BG@MFD @R 7 7 * * 8 8 1 µ 7 5GDM VD QD@BG @MNSGDQ ITMBSHNM SGQNTFG VGHBG SGD O@SG QD@BGDR @MC QDSTQMR @ESDQ PT@KHS@ SHUD BG@MFD EQNL @M *DKDLDMS @R ENKKNVR 7 7 * * 8 8 1 µ 7 7 ! " 8 5GD NV U@QH@AKD 8 B@M ENKKNV SVN O@SGR EQNL SGD ITMBSHNM VD VHKK OQNBDDC @KNMF SGD ENQV@QC O@SG SGQNTFG SGD 5' DKDLDMS VGDQD SGD RHFM@K PT@KHSX QDL@HMR R@LD @MC QD@BG 7 7 * * 8 8 1 µ 7 7 ! " 8 8 , D 8 8 #NMC MTLADQ HR SGD RSQNMF ANMC NE SGD MDWS ITMBSHNM @MC HS HR CHUHCDC HMSN SVN O@SGR SGDQD D@BG NMD NE SGDL QD@BGHMF 8 @R ENKKNVR 7 7 * * 8 8 1 µ 7 7 ! " 8 8 , D 8 8 8 * *D 7 7 7 7 ! ? 8 8 @MC 7 7 * * 8 8 1 µ 7 7 ! " 8 8 , D 8 8 8 # #D 7 7 7 7 ! ? 8 8 'QNL &PT@SHNMR @MC VD MC SG@S SGDQD @QD SVN B@TR@K O@SGR EQNL SGD RNTQBD SN SGD RDMRNQ *M E@BS HE VD BNMRHCDQ @OOQNOQH@SD DKDLDMS F@HMR * @MC * ENQ 3DKDLDMSR HM QDRHRSHUD @MC BNMCTBSHUD B@TR@KHSX QDRODBSHUDKX !E @MC #E ENQ HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC * @MC $ DKDLDMSR QDRODBSHUDKX @MC SGD SQ@MRENQLDQ @MC FXQ@SNQ LNCTKH @R @QD @OOQNOQH@SD @MC RHFMR CTD SN ONVDQ CHQDBSHNMR VD B@M @QQHUD @S SGD R@LD ENQV@QC O@SG F@HMR @R HM &PT@SHNM
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4HLHK@QKX NMD L@X OQNBDDC SN HCDMSHEX SGD KNNOR HM SGD LNCDK 'NQ DW@LOKD HE NMD RS@QSR EQNL U@QH@AKD 8 SGDM NMD B@M G@UD NMD NE SGD B@TR@K O@SGR @R 8 8 1 µ 7 7 ! " 8 8 8 1 µ 7 7 * * 8
VGHBG HR HM E@BS @ KNNO ADB@TRD HS RS@QSR @MC DMCR VHSG SGD R@LD U@QH@AKD @MC HSR KNNO F@HM HR R@LD @R SG@S NE $ µ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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
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
%<92 %9.02:2;A 'NQ ONKD OK@BDLDMS NE 4*40 RXRSDLR SGD RXRSDL LTRS AD BNLOKDSDKX BNMSQNKK@AKD @MC NARDQU@AKD 5GDQDENQD RSTCX NE SGDRD SVN BNMSQNK OQNODQSHDR @RRTLDR @M HLONQ S@MS QNKD EQNL SGD HMBDOSHNM NE SGD CDRHFM RS@FD 4HLHK@QKX ENQ ETKK NQCDQ NARDQUDQ CDRHFM @BBNTMSHMF ENQ RDMRNQ MNHRD @MC OQNBDRR CHRSTQA@MBDR AX TRHMF @ ,@KL@M K SDQ @MC ENQ NOSHL@K BNMSQNK @OOKHB@SHNMR ETKK BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX @MC NARDQU@AHKHSX NE SGD RXRSDL HR @ OQDQDPTHRHSD )NV SGDRD BNMSQNK OQNODQSHDR B@M AD CDSDQLHMDC EQNL @ RXRSDL LNCDK HR CHRBTRRDC HM SGD MDWS RDBSHNM 5GD ONKDR NE SGD RXRSDL @QD OK@BDC @S SGD CDRHQDC KNB@SHNM AX @ RS@SD EDDCA@BJ ; 7 G G !J VGDQD G HR SGD MDV HMOTS UDBSNQ ! HR @ L@SQHW NE EDDCA@BJ F@HMR @MC J HR SGD RS@SD UDBSNQ $NMRDPTDMSKX SGD RS@SD RO@BD ENQL NE SGD RXRSDL ADBNLDR J J G !J ! J G K J G !J ! J G
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
"TFLDMSDC $NMSQNKKDQ @MC 0ARDQUDQ %DRHFM
ATS MN HMENQL@SHNM @ANTS SGD @BST@K RS@SDR NE SGD RXRSDL 5GDM GNV CN VD HLOKDLDMS SGD EDDCA@BJ !J! 5GHR HR SGD BDMSQ@K QD@RNM SN CDUDKNO @M NARDQUDQ RXRSDL < = "M NARDQUDQ HR @ LNCDK NE SGD OK@MS VGHBG QDBDHUDR SGD R@LD HMOTS @R SGD OK@MS 5GD NTSOTS NE SGD @BST@K OK@MS @MC SGD NARDQUDQ @QD BNLO@QDC @MC SGD DQQNQ HR EDC A@BJ SGQNTFG @ F@HM RTBG SG@S SGD DQQNQ CXM@LHBR HR @RXLOSNSHB@KKX RS@AKD $NMRHCDQ SGD OK@MS CXM@LHBR CDRBQHADC AX J J G K J G
@MC HSR BNQQDRONMCHMF NARDQUDQ CXM@LHBR FHUDM AX JA JA G " K KA KA JA G
VGDQD RTARBQHOS ?N QDEDQR SN NARDQUDQ @MC @KK NSGDQ U@QH@AKDR G@UD SGDHQ TRT@K LD@M HMF 5GDM SGD RS@SD DQQNQ CXM@LHBR L@X AD VQHSSDM @R J7 J JA J G JA G " K KA J JA " J G JA G " J JA " J7
0AUHNTRKX HE @KK DHFDMU@KTDR NE L@SQHW " KHD NM SGD KDES G@KE NE SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD ; 7 G@UD MDF@SHUD QD@K O@QS SGDM SGD DQQNQ ADSVDDM SGD OK@MS @MC SGD NARDQUDQ RS@SDR VNTKC CDBQD@RD @RXLOSNSHB@KKX 5GD NAIDBSHUD SGDM HR SN BGNRD @ F@HM L@SQHW " RTBG SG@S SGD NARDQUDQ RS@QSR SQ@BJHMF SGD OK@MS @R RNNM @R ONRRHAKD 5GHR HR @F@HM @ ONKD OK@BDLDMS OQNAKDL 5GDM SGD FDMDQ@K RBGDLD NE ONKD OK@BDLDMS L@X AD @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD KF @MC K F @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD OK@MS @MC SGD NARDQUDQ NTSOTSR 5GD HM CHUHCT@K F@HMR HM SGHR @TFLDMSDC BNMSQNKKDQ @MC NARDQUDQ RXRSDL ! @MC " B@M AD HMCDODMCDMSKX CDRHFMDC SG@MJR SN SGD RDO@Q@SHNM OQHMBHOKD <= 3 SGHR @QBGHSDBSTQD B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD *M 4HLTKHMJ
3 *M 'HFTQD VD G@UD TRDC SGD QD@CHKX @U@HK@AKD 4HLTKHMJ
RS@SDRO@BD AKNBJ AX ODQENQLHMF SGD ENKKNVHMF SQ@MRENQL@SHNMR JA JA G "K K G JA $ @@ "K K A JA A G
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 (DMDQ@K RBGDL@SHBR ENQ ONKD OK@BDLDMS
3 97 1NKD OK@BDLDMS @QBGHSDBSTQD HM 4HLTKHMJ
VGDQD A @MC A $ @@ @QD TRDC SN CDMD SGD RS@SDRO@BD ENQL NE SGD NARDQUDQ @MC SGD NARDQUDQ HMOTS UDBSNQ HR BNMRHCDQDC @R GA G "K K , VGDQD @@ HR @M HCDMSHSX L@SQHW @MC @ HR SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR
"TFLDMSDC $NMSQNKKDQ @MC 0ARDQUDQ %DRHFM
4HLHK@QKX EQNL SGD NARDQUDQ VD MNS NMKX MDDC NTSOTS K ATS @KRN SGD RS@SDR ENQ HMBNQONQ@SHMF EDDCA@BJ HM SGD OK@MS ; 7 K J 5GDQDENQD HM 'HFTQD @@ A SGD NARDQUDQ AKNBJ G@R SGD ENKKNVHMF U@QH@AKDR HM SGD RS@SDRO@BD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM A A @@ A A @@ 5GD LTW @MC CDLTW AKNBJR SGHBJ UDQSHB@K KHMDR @QD TRDC HM 'HFTQD SN HM@SD SGD HMOTS UDBSNQ CHLDMRHNM GA @MC SN CHRRNBH@SD NARDQUDQ NTSOTS HMSN @BST@K NTSOTS K ENQ BNLO@QHRNM VHSG OK@MS NTSOTS @MC NARDQUDQ RS@SDR JA
E.:=92 0A6C2 9
3 OK@BDR ONKDR OK@BDLDMS AX TRHMF BNLL@MCR (>357 NQ 5=7D /NSD SG@S ."5-"#
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
@
A
97 $NMSQNKKDQ ENQ UHFHK@MBD RXRSDL @MSDMM@ @MC HSR NODMKNNO LNCDK
NE L@SQHW ! HMRSD@C NE L@SQHW ! SGTR MDF@SHUD NE SGD F@HMR NAS@HMDC 3 EQNL ."5-"#
VHKK AD BNMRHCDQDC GDQD ! 0ARDQUDQ ONKDR @QD TRT@KKX OK@BDC @ANTS SVN SN SDM SHLDR SN SGD KDES NE SGD RXRSDL 3 BNLL@MC SN OK@BD ONKDR NE SGD NARDQUDQ )NV ONKDR 5GDQD HR MN CHQDBS ."5-"#
DUDQ NMD L@X ENKKNV SGHR RHLOKD SQHBJ DHFDMU@KTDR NE L@SQHW " @QD SGD R@LD @R SG@S NE ", , , ", 5GDM NMD L@X CDMD L@SQHBDR , , @MC ! ", 5GHR @KKNVR TR SN OK@BD SGD ONKDR NE ! AX TRHMF @U@HK @AKD BNLL@MCR @MC SGDM VD S@JD @ QDUDQRD SQ@MRENQL SN NAS@HM " !, 'NQ , SGD FHUDM RXRSDL @MC ONKD KNB@SHNMR VD G@UD " /@STQ@KKX SGD L@SQHBDR TRDC HM NARDQUDQ R RS@SD RO@BD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM @QD FHUDM AX A A A @@ A @@ VGDQD @@ HR @ RPT@QD HCDMSHSX L@SQHW @MC @ HR SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR 5GDRD L@ 3 BNLL@MCR "N " SQHBDR B@M AD D@RHKX BQD@SDC AX TRHMF SGD ENKKNVHMF ."5-"#
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
"TFLDMSDC $NMSQNKKDQ @MC 0ARDQUDQ %DRHFM
@QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 'QNL SGDRD QDRTKSR VD MC SG@S SGD RXRSDL HR RS@AKD 'HFTQD @ ADB@TRD HSR ONKDR @QD OK@BDC OQNODQKX AX SGD BNMSQNKKDQ @MC SGD NARDQUDQ SQ@BJR SGD OK@MS VHSG RTEBHDMS @BBTQ@BX 'HFTQD A
@
A
97 3DRTKSR NE ONKD OK@BDLDMS 1 1K@MS QDRONMRD 2 &QQNQ CXM@LHBR
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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
SGD ANMC BNMMDBSHMF SGD ITMBSHNM SN SGD *DKDLDMS AX HMSQNCTBHMF @ ITMBSHNM HM ADSVDDM @MC SGDM @CC SGD LNCTK@SDC DEENQS RNTQBD SN SG@S ITMBSHNM 'TQSGDQLNQD ADRHCDR SGD @BST@K NTSOTS VD @KRN MDDC SGD RS@SD U@QH@AKDR @R NTS OTSR NE SGD NARDQUDQ RN SG@S VD B@M BQD@SD SGD HMOTS ENQ SGD OK@MS @MC SGD NARDQUDQ @R G F GF !J )NVDUDQ SGDQD HR MN LD@MR ENQ BQD@SHMF RTBG CHQDBS RS@SD LD@ RTQDLDMSR *MRSD@C VD B@M RODBHEX SGD @BST@K OQNBDRR HMOTS @R @ RS@SD LNCTK@SDC RNTQBD 0M SGD A@RHR NE SGD @ANUD CDUDKNOLDMSR SGD @TFLDMSDC BNMSQNKKDQ NARDQUDQ @Q BGHSDBSTQD NE SGD RXRSDL HM ANMC FQ@OG ENQL HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD
97 1NKD OK@BDLDMS TRHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR
5GD LNCDK @MC NARDQUDQ HMOTS HR @ LNCTK@SDC DEENQS RNTQBD VGDQD RS@SDR JA , ( ( ) ) @QD S@JDM EQNL SGD NARDQUDQ RHCD *MRSD@C NE TRHMF RS@SDR SGDL RDKUDR NMD L@X TRD UHQST@K RDMRNQR SN BNMRSQTBS SGD EDDCA@BJ !JA 'NQ DW@LOKD NMD L@X LD@RTQD SGD ENQBD HM SGD ITMBSHNM BNMMDBSDC SN DKDLDMS #7 NM SGD NARDQUDQ RHCD AX @CCHMF @M DEENQS CDSDBSNQ @MC SGDM LTKSHOKX SGD RHFM@K AX @ F@HM #7 SN FDS SGD RS@SD ) 4HLHK@QKX NV RDMRNQR L@X AD @CCDC SN NMD ITMBSHNMR BNMMDBSDC SN *DKDLDMSR @MC SGDM SGD @BPTHQDC RHFM@KR L@X AD LTKSHOKHDC VHSG BNQQDRONMCHMF L@RR SN NAS@HM SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF LNLDMSTL RS@SDR 5GDRD RS@SDR L@X AD TRDC SN BNMRSQTBS SGD BNLLNM HMOTS NE SGD OK@MS @MC SGD NARDQUDQ /NSD SG@S ONKDOK@BDLDMS B@M AD ODQENQLDC AX CHQDBSKX @M@KXYHMF SGD ANMC FQ@OG RSQTBSTQD @R CDUDKNODC HM < = .@MX LNCDK A@RDC E@TKS CH@FMNRHR SNNKR @QD A@RDC NM NARDQUDQR *M $G@OSDQ VD VHKK CD@K VHSG RNLD LNQD NARDQUDQ SXODR @MC SGDHQ TRD HM E@TKS CH@FMNRHR
"TFLDMSDC $NMSQNKKDQ @MC 0ARDQUDQ %DRHFM
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ΦFF JF
- F F
ΦF τ τ G τ 6τ
,F
VGDQD SGD RS@SDSQ@MRHSHNM L@SQHW ΦF τ 7 τ ξ 6ξ @MC JF HR SGD UDBSNQ NE HMHSH@K BNMCHSHNMR -DS TR @RRTLD SG@S VD CHRBQDSHYD SGHR RXRSDL AX R@LOKHMF HS @S HMSDQU@KR NE , RDB NMCR 'QNL 4G@MMNM R R@LOKHMF SGDNQDL VD TMCDQRS@MC SG@S SN @UNHC @KH@RHMF @MC EQDPTDMBX ENKCHMF SGD R@LOKHMF EQDPTDMBX LTRS AD @S KD@RS SVHBD SG@S NE SGD /XPTHRS EQDPTDMBX ; 7 SGD K@QFDRS EQDPTDMBX BNLONMDMS HM SGD RHFM@K 8D @RRTLD SG@S SGD R@LOKHMF EQDPTDMBX HR E@Q K@QFDQ SG@M 4G@MMNM EQDPTDMBX 5GDM HM D@BG R@LOKHMF HMSDQU@K VD B@M @RRTLD SG@S GF CNDR MNS U@QX LTBG ; 7 GF G=, =, F = , TMCDQ @ YDQNNQCDQGNKC YNG @RRTLOSHNM 8D ETQSGDQ @RRTLD SG@S SGD RXR SDL HR SHLD HMU@QH@MS ; 7 @M -5* RXRSDL *MRSD@C NE VQHSHMF R@LOKD HMRS@MBDR @R =, = , ENQ BNMRS@MS R@LOKHMF Q@SD VD VHKK VQHSD SGDL RHLOKX @R = = 5GDM AX SQD@SHMF SGD ITRS OQDUHNTR R@LOKD @R SGD HMHSH@K RS@SD VD B@M VQHSD &PT@SHNM @R J= Φ= =J=
=
=
Φ= τ τ 6τ G =
'NQ SGD CHRBQDSHYDC -5* RXRSDL Φ= = 7=, =, 7, @MC SGD RDBNMC , SDQL == Φ= τ τ 6τ 7, 5GDM VD B@M VQHSD SGD M@K CHRBQDSHYDC UDQRHNM NE &PT@SHNM HM @ CHRBQDSDSHLD RS@SDRO@BD ENQL @R J= 6 J= 6 G = K= 6 J= 6 G =
VGDQD 6 7, 6 7, 6 @MC 6 L@X AD ENQLTK@SDC EQNL 3 BNL CHQDBS HMRODBSHNM .@SQHW DWONMDMSR L@X AD B@KBTK@SDC AX TRHMF ."5-"#
3
L@MC 7JB? NQ ."5-"# BNLL@MC 56 L@X AD TRDC SN CHQDBSKX CHRBQDSHYD @ BNM SHMTNTR SHLD RS@SDRO@BD LNCDK VHSG U@QHNTR NOSHNMR RTBG @R SGD YNG NOSHNM TRDC GDQD *E E HR @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM L@SQHW BNQQDRONMCHMF SN SGD BNMSHMTNTR SHLD LNCDK @MC L HR HSR YSQ@MRENQL SGDM ONKDR NE L @QD DHFDMU@KTDR NE 7, 'TQ
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
SGDQLNQD HE @M DHFDMU@KTD NE L@SQHW HR HM SGD KDES G@KE NE SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD SGDM SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF DHFDMU@KTD NE L@SQHW 7, @OOD@QR HMRHCD @ TMHS BHQBKD @ANTS SGD NQHFHM HM SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD *M CHFHS@K RXRSDLR SGD TMHS BHQBKD HM SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD @BSR @R SGD RS@AHKHSX ANTMC@QX 5GD A@RHB CHRBQDSD SHLD ETKK NQCDQ BNMSQNKKDQ @MC NARDQUDQ HR RHLHK@Q SN SGD BNMSHM TNTR SHLD UDQRHNM $NMSQNKKDQ J= 6 6 ! J= 6 G= K= 6 6 ! J= 6 G=
JA = 6 JA = 6 G= " K= KA = KA = 6 JA = 6 G=
0ARDQUDQ
FHUHMF DQQNQ CXM@LHBR J7 = J= JA = 6 "6 J7 =
5GTR SGD ONKD OK@BDLDMS NE CHRBQDSDSHLD RXRSDLR HR DW@BSKX RHLHK@Q SN SG@S ENQ SGD BNMSHMTNTR SHLD RXRSDL )NVDUDQ SGD ONKDR LTRS AD OK@BDC HMRHCD SGD TMHS BHQBKD HM SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD SN DMRTQD RS@AHKHSX NE SGD RXRSDL
B??2;A @A6:.A
.D@RTQDLDMS TOC@SD SGD HMSDQLDCH@SD ENQL DRSHL@SDR SGD RS@SD U@QH@AKDR NE SGD \ 6 G= 5GDM MDWS RSDO @MC VD B@M NAS@HM @M DRSHL@SD K= \ 6 J= VD L@X QDVQHSD SGD NARDQUDQ R RS@SD RO@BD DPT@SHNM @R
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
JA = J= \ " K= K= \ KA = 6 JA = 6 G=
5GD DQQNQ CXM@LHBR HR SGDM ENTMC SN AD J7 = J= JA = J= J= \ " K= K= \ 6 "6 6 J7 =
5GHR LD@MR SG@S ONKDR NE L@SQHW 6 "6 6 RGNTKC AD OK@BDC @S CDRHQDC KN B@SHNMR HMRHCD @ TMHS BHQBKD HM SGD BNLOKDW OK@MD #X CDMHMF @ L@SQHW 6 6 6 SGD ONKD OK@BDLDMS OQNAKDL HR RHLHK@Q SN SG@S NE SGD BNMSHMTNTR SHLD NARDQUDQ 5GHR SVN RSDO OQNBDCTQD HR TRDC SN CDRHFM CHRBQDSDSHLD ,@KL@M KSDQR VGHBG G@UD VHCD ROQD@C TRD HM OQNBDRR BNMSQNK @R VDKK @R CH@FMNRHR
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
(A?B0AB?.9 '.;8 $NMRHCDQ @ KHMD@Q SHLDHMU@QH@MS -5* RXRSDL QDOQDRDMSDC AX SGD ENKKNVHMF RS@SD RO@BD LNCDK J J G K J G
*E @ HR SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR SGDM SGD BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB ONKXMNLH@K NE SGD RXRSDL NQ SGD CDMNLHM@SNQ NE SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNMR EQNL SGD BNMSQNK HMOTS SN SGD NARDQUDC NTSOTSR
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
L@X AD VQHSSDM @R E $E $ E B EC 3C EC 3 E 3
VGDQD E HR SGD -@OK@BD NODQ@SNQ HR @M @ @ HCDMSHSX L@SQHW B C @ @MC SGD BNDEBHDMSR 3C 3 @QD ETMBSHNMR NE SGD RXRSDL O@Q@LDSDQR 5GD MTLADQ NE RSQTB STQ@KKX MTKK LNCDR HM SGD RXRSDL HR B ; 7 SGDQD @QD @S KD@RS B MTLADQ NE DHFDMU@KTDR VGHBG @QD YDQN )NVDUDQ SGD @BST@K MTKK LNCDR HM SGD RXRSDL L@X AD GHFGDQ NVHMF SN O@Q@LDSDQ CDODMCDMBD 7 9 VGDM 3 SGD MTLADQ NE MTKK LNCDR HR B 4HMBD SGD SDQL E B B@M AD RDO@Q@SDC NTS @R @ E@BSNQ EQNL $E $ SGD E L@ SQHW BNMS@HMR B QNVR VHSG CH@FNM@K DKDLDMSR BNMS@HMHMF E @MC NSGDQ SDQLR HM SGNRD QNVR B@MBDK NTS CTQHMF CDSDQLHM@MS B@KBTK@SHNM 5GTR ENQ E NQ E SGDRD QNVR @QD KHMD@QKX CDODMCDMS NM NSGDQ QNVR 5GHR HLOKHDR SG@S L@SQHW B@M AD AQNTFGS SN @ ENQL VGDQD B QNVR VHKK BNMS@HM @KK DKDLDMSR DPT@K SN YDQN 5GTR SGD RSQTBSTQ@K Q@MJ NE L@SQHW HR @ B C 5N MC C SGD RXRSDL DPT@SHNMR MDDC MNS AD CDQHUDC @MC SDRSDC 5GDX B@M AD NAS@HMDC AX TRHMF SGD ENKKNVHMF RHLOKD QTKDR @OOKHDC SN SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 5GD NQCDQ NE @ RXRSDL CHLDMRHNM NE L@SQHW NQ MTLADQ NE RS@SDR HR SGD MTL ADQ NE HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR * @MC $ VGDM @ OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HR @RRHFMDC SN SGD LNCDK 5GD RSQTBSTQ@K Q@MJ NE SGD LNCDK Q@MJ NE L@SQHW VHSGNTS O@Q@LDSDQ CDODM CDMBD HR SGD MTLADQ C NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR * @MC $ SG@S B@M AD AQNTFGS SN CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX VGDM @ OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K NQ CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX HR @R RHFMDC SN SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 5GD MTLADQ NE RSQTBSTQ@KKX MTKK LNCDR HR SGD MTLADQ B @ C NE RSNQ@FD DKD LDMSR * @MC $ SG@S B@MMNS AD AQNTFGS SN CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX VGDM @ OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX HR @RRHFMDC SN SGD LNCDK
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
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
RS@SDRO@BD DPT@SHNM RDD &PT@SHNM $NMRHCDQ @ QDBTQRHUD DWDBTSHNM NE &PT@ SHNM VHSG F @MC F 8 =, , HR SGD R@LOKHMF SHLD @R ENKKNVR J J G J J G J G G J J G J G G G J= = J = G G= G= "BBNQCHMF SN SGD CDMHSHNM SGD M@K RS@SD J= HLOKHDR G= G= = = = J G G
@MC SGTR SGD RDPTDMBD NE HMOTSR QDPTHQDC SN AQHMF SGD RXRSDL SN M@K CDRHQDC RS@SD @QD ENTMC @R = J G= G, = = & = J
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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
FF3;@34;>;FK D735:34;>;FK 5A@6;F;A@ @757EE3DK 5A@6;F;A@ DUDQX RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC * @MC $ HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK VHSG OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LTRS G@UD @S KD@RS NMD B@TR@K O@SG EQNL @ BNMSQNK RNTQBD .4D NQ .4E +G85;7@F 5A@6;F;A@ DUDQX HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS * @MC $ HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK VHSG OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX B@M AD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC @RRHFMDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX VGDM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HR @RRHFMDC NM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK *E RNLD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC DKDLDMSR HM OQD EDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LNCD B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD OQD EDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX LNCD SGDM CT@KHR@SHNM NE RNLD NQ @KK BNMSQNK RNTQBDR BNMSQNK .4D SN BNMSQNK .4E @MC H;57 H7DE3 NQ HMUDQRHNM NE SGDHQ B@TR@KHSHDR L@X AD ODQENQLDC SN @KKNV SGNRD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR SN @BBDOS CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX /NSD SG@S B@TR@KHSHDR NE TMBNMSQNKKDC RNTQBDR 7 9 ENQBD CTD SN FQ@UHSX @QD MNS SN AD @KSDQDC *E SGD MDBDRR@QX @MC RTEBHDMS BNMCHSHNMR @QD R@SHRDC SGDM SGD Q@MJ NE L@SQHW ) HR @ *E L@SQHW HR NE ETKK Q@MJ SGD RXRSDL HR BNMSQNKK@AKD VHSG @ RHMFKD @BST@SNQ VGNRD ONRHSHNM HR CDSDQLHMDC AX SGD @SS@HM@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNM RTBG SG@S L@SQHW G@R ETKK Q@MJ @MC NSGDQ CDRHFM BNMRHCDQ@SHNMR *E SGD RTEBHDMS BNMCHSHNM HR MNS R@SHRDC @MC NMKX C C @ MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR NQHFHM@KKX HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX BNTKC AD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC SGDM SGD Q@MJ NE L@SQHW ) HR C 5GDM ENQ SGD LNCDK SN AD BNMSQNKK@AKD B @ C @BST@SNQR @QD MDDCDC @MC SGDHQ KNB@SHNM G@R SN AD CDSDQLHMDC AX @SS@HM@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNM @MC SGDHQ O@QSHBHO@SHNM G@R AD CDSDQLHMDC AX BNMSQNK RNTQBD CT@KHR@SHNM
(A?B0AB?.9 $/@2?C./696AF 5>9D9?> *E SGD HMHSH@K RS@SD JF NE @ KHMD@Q RXRSDL B@M AD B@KBTK@SDC EQNL SGD JMNVKDCFD NE HMOTSR GF @MC NTSOTSR KF HM SGD HMSDQU@K F F 8 SGDM SGD KHMD@Q RXRSDL HR R@HC SN AD NARDQU@AKD HM SG@S HMSDQU@K 5GD MTLDQHB@K LDSGNC SN CDSDQLHMD NARDQU@AHKHSX NE @ RXRSDL HR SN B@KBTK@SD SGD Q@MJ NE SGD NARDQU@AHKHSX L@SQHW 5GD NARDQU@AHKHSX L@SQHW % NE @ BNMSHMTNTR SHLD RXRSDL HR CDMDC @R % @
*S B@M AD OQNUDC SGQNTFG QDBTQRHUD DWO@MRHNM NE NTSOTS DPT@SHNMR HM &PT@ SHNM K SN K= HM SGD SHLD HMSDQU@K =, HM @M @M@KNFNTR L@MMDQ SN &PT@
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
SHNM SG@S SGD R@LD NARDQU@AHKHSX L@SQHW @MC HSR ETKK Q@MJ BNMCHSHNM @QD QD@BGDC ENQ CHRBQDSDSHLD RXRSDLR 5GD Q@MJ NE SGD NARDQU@AHKHSX L@SQHW CDODMCR NM SGD MTLDQHB@K U@KTDR NE SGD O@ Q@LDSDQR @MC GDMBD HS B@MMNS AD BNMRHCDQDC @R @ QNATRS LD@RTQD NE ETKKRS@SD NA RDQU@AHKHSX 5GHR LDSGNC @KRN CNDR MNS HCDMSHEX SGD LNCDR NE SGD RXRSDL SG@S @QD MNS NARDQU@AKD 5GD @KSDQM@SHUD MTLDQHB@K LDSGNC HR SGQNTFG EDDCA@BJ NTSOTS HMIDBSHNM VGDQD SGD RGHES HM SGD DHFDMU@KTDR NE L@SQHW " " HR @ F@HM L@SQHW NE RL@KK Q@M CNL U@KTDR EQNL SGD DHFDMU@KTDR NE HR BNMRHCDQDC @R @ LD@RTQD NE NARDQU@AHKHSX NE O@QSHBTK@Q LNCDR DHFDMU@KTDR 5GHR LDSGNC SNN HR O@Q@LDSDQ CDODMCDMS @MC HR MNS @ QNATRS LD@RTQD NE NARDQU@AHKHSX 5GD QNATRS RSQTBSTQ@K NARDQU@AHKHSX HR A@RDC NM SGD R@SHRE@BSHNM NE SGD ENKKNVHMF BNMCHSHNMR FF3;@34;>;FK D735:34;>;FK 5A@6;F;A@ @757EE3DK 5A@6;F;A@ DUDQX RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC * @MC $ HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK VHSG OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LTRS G@UD @S KD@RS NMD B@TR@K O@SG SN @ RDMRNQ %D NQ %E DKDLDMS +G85;7@F 5A@6;F;A@ DUDQX HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS * @MC $ HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK VHSG OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX B@M AD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC @RRHFMDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX VGDM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HR @RRHFMDC NM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 8GDM RNLD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC DKDLDMSR HM OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LNCD B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX LNCD RNLD NQ @KK RDMRNQR L@X AD CT@KHYDC %D SN %E @MC H;57 H7DE3 NQ SGDHQ B@TR@KHSHDR L@X AD HMUDQSDC RTBG SG@S SGNRD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR B@M AD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC *E SGD MDBDRR@QX @MC RTEBHDMS BNMCHSHNMR @QD R@SHRDC SGDM SGD Q@MJ NE L@SQHW % HR @ *E Q@MJ NE L@SQHW HR @ SGDM NMKX NMD RTHS@AKX OK@BDC NARDQUDQ CDSDQLHMDC , G@R ETKK Q@MJ HR RTEBHDMS SN AX @SS@HM@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNM RN SG@S L@SQHW , , FT@Q@MSDD ETKKRS@SD NARDQU@AHKHSX *E SGD Q@MJ NE % HR C SGDM B @ C MTLADQ NE @CCHSHNM@K NARDQUDQR @QD MDDCDC SN @RRTQD NARDQU@AHKHSX @MC SGD ONRHSHNM NE SGDRD RDM RNQR G@R SN AD CDSDQLHMDC AX SGD @SS@HM@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNM @MC CDRHFM BNMRHCDQ@SHNMR *7?3D= 4SQTBSTQ@K BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX @MC NARDQU@AHKHSX SDRSR @S SHLDR QDPTHQD CT @KHR@SHNM NE RNTQBDR @MC RDMRNQR QDRODBSHUDKX %TQHMF RSQTBSTQ@K BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX SDRSR NMD L@X CT@KHYD BNMSQNK RNTQBDR .4D @MC .4E DKDLDMSR SN @RRHFM CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSHDR SN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR 5GHR LD@MR SGD ONQSR @SS@BGDC SN SGDRD DKDLDMSR B@M S@JD TO @MX B@TR@KHSX 0MD NE SGD @KSDQM@SHUD LDSGNCR SN BGDBJ RSQTBSTQ@K BNMSQNKK@AHK HSX HR SN QDOK@BD @KK SGD BNMSQNK RNTQBDR AX 3DKDLDMSR VGHBG B@M S@JD @MX B@TR@KHSX @MC SGDM BNLOKDSD SGD OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS *7?3D= %TQHMF RSQTBSTQ@K NARDQU@AHKHSX SDRSR NMD L@X CT@KHYD RDMRNQR %D @MC %E DKDLDMSR RN SG@S L@WHLTL MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @QD AQNTFGS SN CHEEDQ DMSH@K B@TR@KHSX 5GHR LD@MR SG@S HM SGHR B@RD ONQSR BNMMDBSDC SN RDMRNQR B@M AD @RRHFMDC @MX B@TR@KHSX "KSDQM@SHUDKX NMD L@X RHLOKX QDOK@BD @KK RDMRNQR AX 3 DKDLDMSR @MC SGDM OQNBDDC VHSG OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 5VN RONNKR HM @ EQHBSHNMKDRR FTHCD
*7?3D= .NRS BNLLDQBH@K ANMC FQ@OG RNESV@QD @QD CDRHFMDC SN ATHKC RHLTK@ SHNM LNCDKR ; 7 SGDX NTSOTS ADG@UHNQ@K LNCDKR HM OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 5GDRD RNESV@QD SQX SN LHMHLHYD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR 5N SDRS RSQTBSTQ@K BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX @MC NARDQU@AHKHSX OQNODQSHDR NMD L@X CT@KHYD @KK RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR * SN $ @MC H;57 H7DE3 5GDQD@ESDQ CDODMCHMF NM VGHBG RSQTBSTQ@K OQNODQSX HR SN AD SDRSDC BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX NQ NARDQU@AHKHSX DHSGDQ BNMSQNK RNTQBDR NQ RDMRNQR @QD SN AD RTARSHSTSDC AX 3DKDLDMSR /NV SGD RNESV@QD VNTKC @TSNL@SHB@KKX SQX SN @RRHFM OQD EDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX SN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR 8GDM HS CNDR SG@S R@X SN @ $DKDLDMS HM SGD QDUHRDC ANMC FQ@OG SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF DKDLDMS *DKDLDMS HM SGD NQHFHM@K ANMC FQ@OG HR @RRHFMDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX 5GTR SGD MTLADQ NE DKDLDMSR VGHBG B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD QDUHRDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK BNQQDRONMCR SN SGD MTLADQ NE DKDLDMSR VGHBG B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD NQHFHM@K LNCDK 5GHR SQHBJ HR RTHS@AKD ENQ @KK LNRS @KK @U@HK@AKD ANMC FQ@OG RNESV@QD
E.:=92 )D< (=<<9@ 6; . F96;12? -DS TR BNMRHCDQ @ RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD SVN L@RRHUD RONNKR B@M AD LNUDC AX HMIDBSHNM NE BNLOQDRRHAKD THC @S SGD HMKDS ONQS 5GD QDRHRS@MBD ADSVDDM SGD BXKHMCDQ @MC RONNKR HR MDFKDBSDC 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD @ANUD RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD ENQ ANSG OQD EDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX 5GD B@TR@K O@SG KHMJHMF SGD RNTQBD SN NMD NE SGD RONNK L@RRDR HR RGNVM HM SGD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC LNCDK 'QNL SGD OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR NE SGD RXRSDL HR )NVDUDQ SGD OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK RGNVR SG@S NMKX SVN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR BNTKC AD @RRHFMDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @MC NMD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS HR KDES HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 5GTR SGD RSQTBSTQ@K Q@MJ NE SGD RXRSDL HR 'TQSGDQLNQD @KK SGQDD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR B@MMNS AD AQNTFGS SN CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX DUDM SGQNTFG BNMSQNK RNTQBD CT@KHR@SHNM BNMUDQSHMF .4E SN .4D VNTKC B@TRD UHNK@SHNM NE B@TR@K RSQTBSTQD @S SGD ITMBSHNM @MC GDMBD SGD RXRSDL HR MNS BNMSQNKK@AKD -DS TR BNMRHCDQ SGD RS@SD RO@BD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC LNCDK SGD RS@SDR @QD ( ( @MC )
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
@
A
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVN RONNKR HM @ EQHBSHNMKDRR FTHCD 1 *M HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 2 *M CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
! " ! " ! " ( & # % ( & % & % 6 ( # ( + # $ # $ 6F # $ ) ? ? ) 5GTR SGD RXRSDL L@SQHBDR @QD FHUDM AX ! " # %& # @MC # $ ? ?
5GD Q@MJ NE L@SQHW HR VGHBG S@KKHDR VHSG SGD QDRTKSR ENQ SGD RSQTBSTQ@K Q@MJ NAS@HMDC D@QKHDQ 4HLHK@QKX SGD BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX L@SQHW ) HR FHUDM AX # ) # # ? # ?
VGNRD Q@MJ HR 5GHR OQNUDR SG@S SGD RXRSDL HR TMBNMSQNKK@AKD -DS TR MNV BNMRHCDQ C@LOHMF HM NMD NE SGD RONNKR 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK ENQ SGD C@LODC RXRSDL HM OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
@
A
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVN RONNKR VGDQD NMD RONNK G@R EQHBSHNM 1 *M HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 2 *M CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 5VN @MBGNQDC RONNKR HM @ EQHBSHNMKDRR FTHCD
*M SGHR B@RD @KK SGD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR VHSG HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD OQDEDQQDC HM SDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK BNTKC AD AQNTFGS SN OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX 5GTR SGD C@LODC RXRSDL HR BNMSQNKK@AKD -DS TR MNV BNMRHCDQ @ LNCHDC RXRSDL @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD SGD L@R RHUD RONNKR G@UD ADDM @MBGNQDC SN SGD HMDQSH@K EQ@LD AX TRHMF SVN ROQHMFR 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK ENQ SGHR RXRSDL HM OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC OQD EDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
@
A
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVN @MBGNQDC RONNKR HM @ EQHBSHNMKDRR FTHCD 1 *M HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 2 *M CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
5GD OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK BNMS@HMR NMD RS@SD SG@S V@R HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC HM SGD OQDEDQQDC HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK @MC BNTKC MNS AD AQNTFGS SN CHE EDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX LNCDK )NVDUDQ CT@KHR@SHNM NE SGD BNMSQNK HMOTS B@M AQHMF HS SN CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GTR SGD @MBGNQDC RXRSDL HR RSQTBSTQ@KKX BNMSQNKK@AKD
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVN @MBGNQDC RONNKR HM @ EQHBSHNMKDRR FTHCD VHSG CT@K HYDC RNTQBD @MC HM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
E.:=92 F/?61 )D<A.;8 (F@A2: $NMRHCDQ @ GXAQHC SVNS@MJ RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 5VNS@MJ RXRSDL @R @M DW@LOKD NE @ GXAQHC RXRSDL
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
97 *MSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 %HEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
97 1QDEDQQDC CHEEDQ DMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL VHSG BKNRDC NTSKDS
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
@
A
97 1QDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL VHSG BKNRDC NTSKDS 1 8HSG SVN RDMRNQR 2 8HSGNTS QDCTMC@MS RDMRNQ
*M E@BS SGD B@TR@KHSX NE SGD NV RDMRNQ %E HM 'HFTQD @ B@MMNS AD HMUDQSDC HS KD@CR SN HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HM NMD NE SGD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM SGD FHUDM BNMFT Q@SHNM VGDM B@TR@KHSX NE SGD DEENQS RDMRNQ %D HR @KQD@CX HMUDQSDC 4TBG BNMRSQ@HMS ADSVDDM SGD B@TR@KHSHDR NE SVN RDMRNQR HR SDQLDC @ 6;D75F :3D6I3D7 D76G@63@5K /NSD
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HM CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX VHSG LHMHL@K RDMRNQ @QBGHSDBSTQD
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ρ9 $ $ ρ $ 6 ρ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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
E.:=92 6<:205.;60@ %?
@
A
97 1 "M HMBGVNQL 2 *SR RBGDL@SHB QDOQDRDMS@SHNM
8D VHKK @RRTLD SG@S SGD L@RR NE SGD HMRDBS HR DPT@KKX KTLODC @S HSR SVN DMCR 8D ETQSGDQ @RRTLD SG@S SGDQD @QD SVN QDRHRS@MBDR * 8 @MC *D @MBGNQHMF SGDRD L@RRDR SN SGD FQNTMC @MC SGDQD HR MN FQNTMC QDRHRS@MBD @S @MX NSGDQ OK@BD 5GDRD QDRHRS@MBDR RGNTKC AD LNCDKDC @R $NTKNLA EQHBSHNM ATS VD VHKK RGNV SG@S @ C@LODQ FHUDR QD@ RNM@AKD QDRTKSR 5GD RSHEEDMHMF @MC QDK@WHMF NE SGD LTRBKDR HR @RRTLDC SN AD @ NV RNTQBD ) VGHBG BG@QFDR @ ROQHMF ADMCHMF RSHEEMDRR @MC C@LODQ BNLAHM@SHNM #; @MC *; 5GD DPTHU@KDMS LDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL HR SGDM QDOQDRDMSDC HM 'HFTQD @ VHSG SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM 'HFTQD A
@
A
97 1 &PTHU@KDMS LDBG@MHB@K LNCDK NE @M HMBGVNQL 2 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK
8D MC SG@S SGD BNMSQNK RNTQBD .4E G@R B@TR@K O@SGR SN @KK SGQDD RSNQ@FD DKD LDMSR 8D BNMRHCDQ SGQDD RDO@Q@SD B@RDR GDQD
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
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
@
A
B
97 #NMC FQ@OG NE HMBGVNQL LNCDK TMCDQ CHEEDQDMS GXAQHC BNMFTQ@SHNMR
5N U@KHC@SD SGDRD QDRTKSR VD BNMRHCDQ SG@S SGD OTLOHMF BXBKD NV RNTQBD NE SGD VNQL HR @ RPT@QD V@UD G@UHMF RNLD @LOKHSTCD C? @MC @ SHLD ODQHNC , 8GDM SGD NV RNTQBD HR ONRHSHUD SGD VNQL KNBJR HSR QD@Q DMC ; 7 LNCTK@SDR SGD C@LODQ *D @MC JDDOR SGD EQNMS DMC EQDD EQNL SGD FQNTMC VGDQD@R VGDM SGD NV RNTQBD HR MDF@SHUD HS KNBJR HSR EQNMS DMC ; 7 @ GHFG C@LOHMF U@KTD * 8 @MC QDKD@RDR HSR QD@Q DMC 5GDRD ODQHNCHB LNCTK@SHNMR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD *9 HR SGD L@WHLTL U@KTD NE C@LOHMF 8D BNMRHCDQ SGD ENKKNVHMF QDOQDRDMS@SHUD C@S@ ? JF #; /L *; /RL , R ) LR *9 /RL *M SGD QRS B@RD VD @RRTLD SG@S ANSG * * 8 @MC * *D @QD @ARDMS HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD SGD CHROK@BDLDMS NE SGD EQNMS DMC HR FHUDM AX SGD BTQUD VHSG L@QJR @MC SGD CHROK@BDLDMS NE SGD QD@Q DMC HR FHUDM AX
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 .NCTK@SHNM NE HMBGVNQL R KNBNLNSHNM O@Q@ LDSDQR
97 .NSHNM NE HMBGVNQL VHSGNTS FQHO
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
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
97 .NSHNM NE HMBGVNQL VHSG OQNODQ FQHO
97 .NSHNM NE HMBGVNQL VHSG KHSSKD FQHO
C@LOHMF @S NMD NE HSR DMCR 8GDM NMD HMSDQOQDSR SGD RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR NMD MCR SG@S HMSDQDRSHMFKX VGDM SGD NV RNTQBD HR MDF@SHUD @MC SGD QD@Q DMC HR ADHMF CQ@FFDC ENQV@QC ; 7 MN C@LOHMF @S ANSG DMCR CTQHMF SGHR OG@RD SGD EQNMS DMC CNDR MNS QDSQ@BS RHFMHB@MSKX 5GHR HR @SSQHATSDC SN SGD LNLDMSTL F@HMDC AX SGD EQNMS DMC CTQHMF SGD OQDUHNTR G@KEBXBKD NE SGD LNSHNM
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 .NSHNM NE HMBGVNQL VHSG FQHO @S NMD DMC
;;6A2 -2?<2@ .;1 '29.A6C2 24?22 8GHKD CDRHFMHMF @ RTODQUHRHNM RXRSDL NMD MDDCR SN RSTCX GNV D@RHKX SGD RXRSDL HR BNMSQNKK@AKD 5GHR @RODBS VGHBG HR @ AQN@CDQ BNMBDOS VGDM BNLO@QDC SN RHLOKD RSTCX NE RSQTBSTQ@K BNMSQNKK@AHKHSX OQNODQSHDR HR HLONQS@MS EQNL SGD '5$ ONHMS NE UHDV *M < = SGD @TSGNQ @RBQHADR SVN QD@RNMR ENQ VGX @ O@QSHBTK@Q HMOTSNTSOTS O@HQ NE @ KHMD@Q RXRSDL CDRBQHADC AX @ Q@SHNM@K SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM L@X AD G@QC SN BNMSQNK 5GD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR K@QFD 5GD YDQNDR NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM @QD KHFGSKX C@LODC NQ G@UD ONRHSHUD QD@K O@QSR 8D VHKK KHLHS NTQ CHRBTRRHNM SN 4*40 RXRSDLR 5GD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR SGD MTLADQ NE ONKDR RS@SDR _ MTLADQ NE YDQNDR 5GD YDQNDR NE @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM @QD RNLDSHLDR QDEDQQDC SN @R MHSD YDQNDR 5GD MTLADQ NE HMMHSD YDQNDR NE @ RXRSDL HR SGD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM ; 7 SGD MTLADQ NE @RXLOSNSDR HM SGD QNNS KNBTR /@STQ@KKX SGD D@RD VHSG VGHBG -5* RXRSDLR B@M AD BNMSQNKKDC HR QDK@SDC SN SGD MTLADQ @MC KNB@SHNM NE SGD RXRSDL R YDQNDR -HJD SGD MTLADQ NE ONKDR NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR SGD MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD ADG@UHNQ LNCDK @KRN B@KKDC ENQV@QC LNCDK SGD MTLADQ NE YDQNDR SGD NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR SGD MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX HM SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK < = *E SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM ADSVDDM @ RNTQBD @MC @ RDMRNQ HR 8 E SGDM HM SGD HM UDQRD LNCDK SGD NQHFHM@K RNTQBD ADBNLDR SGD RDMRNQ @MC SGD NQHFHM@K RDMRNQ ADBNLDR SGD RNTQBD @MC SGD MDV RNTQBD SN MDV RDMRNQ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR ; E /@STQ@KKX ; E 8 E LD@MHMF SG@S SGD YDQNDR NE 8 E ADBNLD ONKDR NE ; E 5GDM ADB@TRD HS HR D@RX SN MC SGD MTLADQ NE ONKDR NE SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK ; 7 SGD NQCDQ NE CDMNLHM@SNQ ONKXMNLH@K NE @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM VGHBG HR DPT@K SN SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR NQ SGD MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KHSX HM SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
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ξ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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 3NNS KNBH RGNVHMF @RXLOSNSDR @MC GNV SGDX BG@MFD AX @CCHMF BNLODMR@SNQR
5GD HMUDQRD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HR BQD@SDC AX HLONRHMF ANSG DEENQS @MC NV HM ENQL@SHNM EQNL SGD RDMRNQ @MC QDBDHUHMF ANSG @S SGD RNTQBD 5GHR B@MMNS AD CNMD SGQNTFG MNQL@K B@TR@KHSX VD MDDC AHB@TR@KHSX @R HMSQNCTBDC HM SGD K@RS BG@OSDQ 5N QDOD@S HM AHB@TR@KHSX MNS@SHNM SGD DEENQS @MC NV B@TR@KHSHDR @QD ROKHS HMSN SVN G@KE B@TR@K RSQNJDR 5GD RHCD NE SGD ANMC VHSG SGD G@KE@QQNV ENQ ONVDQ CHQDBSHNM HR TRDC SN HLONRD NV B@TR@KHSX @MC SGD DEENQS B@TR@KHSX HR HLONRDC NM SGD NSGDQ RHCD 8GDM NV @MC DEENQS B@TR@KHSHDR @QD BNTMSDQNQHDMSDC SGD SVN G@KE B@TR@K RSQNJDR @OOD@Q @S NMD DMC NE SGD ANMC @MC LDQFD SNFDSGDQ SN ENQL @ RHMFKD B@TR@K RSQNJD VGHBG HR B@KKDC TMHB@TR@KHSX NQ MNQL@K B@TR@KHSX 8GDM NV @MC DEENQS HMENQL@SHNM @QD BN NQHDMSDC SGDHQ B@TR@K RSQNJDR @OOD@Q @S SVN CHEEDQDMS DMCR 5GD RNTQBD DKDLDMS 4D NQ 4E HR QDOQDRDMSDC @R @ RNTQBD RDMRNQ 44 DKDLDMS < = @MC SGD RDMRNQ %D NQ %E HR QDOQDRDMSDC @R @ RDMRNQ RNTQBD @F@HM 44 DKDLDMS SGD NMKX CHEEDQDMBD AD SVDDM SGDL ADHMF SG@S SGD RNTQBD RDMRNQ DKDLDMS QDBDHUDR HMENQL@SHNM NE ANSG ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR VGDQD@R SGD RHFM@K RNTQBD DKDLDMS RTOOKHDR ANSG 5GD AHB@TR@KHSX HR OQNO @F@SDC EQNL SGD NQHFHM@K RDMRNQ SN SGD NQHFHM@K RNTQBD *M SGD OQNBDRR RNLD HMSDQM@K ANMCR HM SGD LNCDK @QD @RRHFMDC AHB@TR@KHSX RTBG SG@S HS HR OQNO@F@SDC SN SGD QDBDHU HMF RNTQBD RDMRNQ "S DUDQX ITMBSHNM SVN ANMCR LTRS AD AHB@TR@KKDC VGHBG VHKK OQNUDC K@SDQ HM $G@OSDQ *M SGHR BG@OSDQ SGHR RHLOKD HCD@ NE AHB@TR@KHSX HR RTEBHDMS SN OQNBDDC
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
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
@
A
B
97 3DK@SHUD CDFQDD NE @ ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL VHSG @ UDKNBHSX RDMRNQ
@
A
97 3DK@SHUD CDFQDD NE @ ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL VHSG @ CHROK@BDLDMS RDMRNQ
ANMC MTLADQ QDBDHUDR ANSG NV @MC DEENQS HMENQL@SHNM $NMRDPTDMSKX SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK G@R NMKX NMD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC DKDLDMS @MC SGDM SGD MTLADQ NE ONKDR NE SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK HR 5GHR HLOKHDR SG@S SGD MTLADQ NE MHSD YDQNDR NE SGD ENQV@QC LNCDK HR @MC SGD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD RXRSDL HR -DS TR MNV TRD @ ENQBD RDMRNQ HM SGD ROQHMF HMRSD@C NE LD@RTQHMF SGD UDKNBHSX NE SGD L@RR ONHMS 5GDM SGD ENQV@QC @MC HMUDQRD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQDR @A QDRODBSHUDKX 'QNL 'HFTQD @ SGD MTLADQ NE ONKDR NE SGD RXRSDL HR ENTMC SN AD @MC EQNL 'HFTQD A SGD MTLADQ NE MHSD YDQNDR HR ENTMC SN AD MN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS HR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 5GTR SGD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD RXRSDL HR *M E@BS NMD L@X DW@LHMD SGD SVN SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNMR E @MC E EQNL SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR HM 'HFTQD A @MC 'HFTQD @ QDRODBSHUDKX E
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E
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-DS TR BNMRHCDQ SGD DW@LOKD NE @M DKDBSQNLDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @MC RTOONRD SG@S SGD UDKNBHSX NE SGD L@RR ADHMF KHESDC HR LD@RTQDC /NSD SG@S SGHR RXRSDL V@R D@QKHDQ BNMRHCDQDC HM 4DBSHNM @R @M DW@LOKD 5GD ENQV@QC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD *M SGD ENQV@QC LNCDK SGDQD @QD SGQDD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC GDMBD SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM G@R SGQDD ONKDR
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
97 "M DKDBSQN LDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL VHSG @ UDKNBHSX RDMRNQ
97 .NCDK NE SGD DKDBSQNLDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL VHSG @ UDKNBHSX RDMRNQ
5GD HMUDQRD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD 8GDM AH B@TR@KHSX HR OQNO@F@SDC EQNL SGD CDSDBSNQ SN SGD RNTQBD HS HR ENTMC SG@S SVN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @QD ENQBDC HMSN CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX @MC NMKX NMD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS QDL@HMR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 5GDQDENQD SGD NQCDQ NE SGD MTLDQ@SNQ NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM MTLADQ NE MHSD YDQNDR HR @MC SGD QDK@SHUD NQCDQ NE SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR
97 *MUDQRD LNCDK NE SGD DKDBSQNLDBG@MHB@K RXRSDL
*MCDDC VGDM SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM ADSVDDM SGD HMOTS @MC SGD NTSOTS HR CDQHUDC EQNL SGD RHFM@K NV FQ@OG RDD 'HFTQD HS HR FHUDM AX µ D *D E µ D #D 8 E 7 E * ? " E µ ? D *D * ? *D * " E µ *D D #D * ? #D * " E µ #D
VGHBG HR SGD R@LD @R &PT@SHNM LTKSHOKHDC AX E ADB@TRD &PT@SHNM HR @ SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM TO SN CHROK@BDLDMS 5GD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HM &PT@SHNM BNMQLR SGD QDRTKSR CDQHUDC EQNL RSQTBSTQ@K @M@KXRHR /NSD SG@S SGD @BST@K QDK@SHUD CDFQDD L@X AD CHEEDQDMS EQNL SGD NMD NAS@HMDC SGQNTFG RSQTBSTQ@K @M@KXRHR ADB@TRD VD CN MNS BNMRHCDQ O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR CTQHMF RSQTBSTQ@K @M@KXRHR 7 9 HE NMD BNMRHCDQR *D HM &PT@SHNM SGDM SGD QDK@SHUD
4SQTBSTQ@K "M@KXRHR NE $NMSQNK 1QNODQSHDR
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
.NCDKA@RDC $NMSQNK
ADSVDDM SGD HMOTS @MC NTSOTS NE @M 4*40 RXRSDL *E SGD RXRSDL HR .*.0 SGDM SGD UDBSNQ QDK@SHUD CDFQDD B@M AD CDSDQLHMDC <= $NMRHCDQ SGD RXRSDL FHUDM HM 'HFTQD @MC HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM 'HF TQD 8D G@UD CDQHUDC SGD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM NE SGD RXRSDL HM &PT@SHNM @MC RGNVM SGQNTFG AHB@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS HM 'HFTQD SG@S SGD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD RXRSDL HR SVN *M SGD ADG@UHNQ@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL SGD RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG KHMJHMF SGD HMOTS SN SGD NTSOTS +7 SN 8 HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD AX CNS SDC KHMDR " RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG BNMS@HMR LHMHLTL MTLADQ NE HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR 5GDQD @QD SVN HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM SGD RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG 5GHR LD@MR SG@S SGD QDK@SHUD CDFQDD NE SGD HMOTSNTSOTS SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM HR SVN @MC SGD NQCDQ NE SGD MTLDQ@SNQ ONKXMNLH@K HR NMD SGD MTLADQ NE HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR MNS @OOD@QHMF HM SGD RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG 5GD OQNNE HR RSQ@HFGSENQV@QC SGD NQCDQ NE SGD CDMNLHM@SNQ ONKXMNLH@K HR WDC HM SGHR B@RD SGQDD CTD SN SGQDD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR 5GD RGNQSDRS ENQV@QC O@SG F@HM BNMS@HMR @ E@BSNQ E CTD SN SVN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM SGD RGNQSDRS ENQV@QC O@SG VGHBG VHKK AD LTKSHOKHDC VHSG E @ESDQ @OOKHB@SHNM NE .@RNM R QTKD 0AUHNTRKX SGD GHFGDRS ONVDQ NE E HM SGD MTLDQ@SNQ ONKXMNLH@K BNQQDRONMCR SN SGD CHEEDQDMBD AD SVDDM SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR NE SGD RXRSDL @MC SGD MTLADQ NE RS@SDR DMBNTMSDQDC HM SGD RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG
97 4GNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SG ADSVDDM SGD HMOTS @MC SGD NTSOTS
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VGDQD ? HR SGD SNS@K MTLADQ NE LNCDR HM SGD LNCDK 5GHR ENQLTK@SHNM @KKNVR DKHL HM@SHNM NE DMSHQD LNCDR EQNL SGD LNCDK HE BDQS@HM LNC@K @BSHUHSHDR @QD ENTMC SN AD HMRHFMHB@MS VHSG QDRODBS SN NSGDQR 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC HE DKDLDMSVHRD @BSHUHSX HM CHBDR @QD BNMRHCDQDC SGDM HS HR ONRRHAKD ANSG SN QDLNUD DMSHQDKX RNLD LNCDR NQ SN QDLNUD RNLD DKDLDMSR EQNL RNLD LNCDR 8GHBG HR SGD ADSSDQ NOSHNM CDODMCR NM SGD @OOKHB@SHNM HM G@MC
.NCDK 0QCDQ 3DCTBSHNM
'NQ DW@LOKD @S DWSQDLDKX KNV DWBHS@SHNM EQDPTDMBHDR @BSHUHSHDR NE @KK LNC@K DK DLDMSR DWBDOS LNC@K L@RRDR @QD RN KNV SG@S SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF DKDLDMSR L@X AD QDLNUDC EQNL SGD LNCDK 5GDM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK B@M AD QDCTBDC SN @ RHM FKD DPTHU@KDMS L@RR DWBHSDC AX SGD UDKNBHSX VGDQD SGD DPTHU@KDMS L@RR HR % µ % µ % µ µ /NSD SG@S SGHR HR SGD R@LD @R SGD RTL NE SVN L@RRDR HM SGD NQHFHM@K LNCDK ; 7 % %E %G 5GHR LD@MR SG@S SGD QDCTBSHNM NE SGD NQHFHM@K LNCDK @MC QDCTBSHNM NE SGD LNC@K LNCDK @QD DPTHU@KDMS
97 5HLD QDRONMRDR NE ETKK RXRSDL @MC SGD SVN LNC@K NRBHKK@SNQR SN KNV EQDPTDMBX DWBHS@SHNM
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µ HR RTEBHDMS SN @OOQNWHL@SD SGD RXRSDL ADG@UHNQ @S KNV EQDPTDMBX DWBHS@SHNMR 4HLHK@QKX QDRTKSR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @QD ENQ GHFG EQDPTDMBX DWBHS@SHNM . F BNRF @MC HS HR NARDQUDC SG@S BNMRHCDQ@SHNM NE NMKX GHFG EQDPTDMBX LNCD CXM@LHBR ; 7 µ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97 $NLO@QHRNM NE EQDPTDMBX QDRONMRD NE SGD ETKK LNCDK VHSG SGNRD NE HMCHUHCT@K LNCDR
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
.NCDK 0QCDQ 3DCTBSHNM
97 " SVNS@MJ RXRSDL VHSG @CI@BDMS MNMKHMD@Q BNMSQNK U@KUDR
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL RGNVHMF @KFDAQ@HB KNNO
97
#QD@JHMF @KFDAQ@HB KNNO VHSG @ BNTOKHMF B@O@BHSNQ
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKA@RDC 2T@KHS@SHUD '%*
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
VGDQD = CDMNSDR SGD BTQQDMS SHLD @MC = CDMNSDR SGD SHLD @S SGD OQDUHNTR R@LOKD 5GD @BST@K R@LOKHMF SHLD , VGHBG HR @RRTLDC SN AD @ BNMRS@MS CNDR MNS @OOD@Q HM SGDRD DPT@SHNMR VGHKD S@JHMF CDQHU@SHUDR ADB@TRD VD @QD MNS BNMRHCDQHMF @BST@K U@KTDR HM @ PT@KHS@SHUD @M@KXRHR 5GD PT@KHS@SHUD RS@SD NE @ O@Q@LDSDQ HR CDMDC @R NQ NQ
GHFGDQ SG@M MNQL@K HMBQD@RD MNQL@K MN BG@MFD KNVDQ SG@M MNQL@KCDBQD@RD
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7 7
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8 8 7
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97 "KFDAQ@ @MC ETMBSHNM MNCDR NE @ SQDD FQ@OG
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69 6 3 7A $ 9 $ 9 37E $ 9 6 6S 69 3 7A $ 9 $ 9 37N $ 9 6 6S 3 7E $ 9 6
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97 5QDD FQ@OG NE SVN S@MJ RXRSDL
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97 5VNS@MJ RXRSDL QDRONMRD SN RSDO BG@MFD HM @ U@KUD R CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS
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97 5DLONQ@K B@TR@K FQ@OG NE DKDBSQNLDBG@MHB@K GNHRSHMF LDBG@MHRL
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97 #@BJ OQNO@F@SHNM HM @ SDLONQ@K B@TR@K FQ@OG @MC BNMHBS QDRNKTSHNM
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97 'NQV@QC OQNO@F@SHNM NE E@TKS GXONSGDRHR
97 5QDMC FDMDQ@SHNM ENQ 5$( A@RDC CH@FMNRHR
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Ω µ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97 '@TKS GXONSGDRHR FDMDQ@SHNM ENQ SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
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97 3DRONMRD NE SVN S@MJ RXRSDL SN RSDO BG@MFD HM HMOTS NV Q@SD
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97 " ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL @MC G@QCDMHMF ROQHMF BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB
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97 /NMKHMD@Q @MC KHMD@QHYDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR
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
97 *MUDQSDC ODMCTKTL NM @ UDGHBKD
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97 " SVNS@MJ RXRSDL VHSG BNMHB@K S@MJR
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97 "M DKDBSQHB@K BHQBTHS BNMRHCDQDC ENQ PT@KHS@SHUD @M@KXRHR
" RHLOKD GD@S DWBG@MFDQ RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD BNKC V@SDQ @S SDL ODQ@STQD ,I HR RTOOKHDC VHSG @ BNMRS@MS Q@SD @ NV RNTQBD NE )I @MC SGD GNS V@SDQ HR S@JDM NTS @S SGD R@LD Q@SD HM RSD@CXRS@SD NODQ@SHNM 5GD V@SDQ NTSKDS HR SGQNTFG @ KNMF OHOD VGHBG CHRBG@QFDR V@SDQ SN SGD DMUHQNMLDMS 5GD CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE SGD NTSKDS OHOD HR 6 5GD GNS RSD@L DMSDQR SGD GD@S DWBG@MFDQ SGQNTFG @ U@KUD G@UHMF CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS E @S SGD MNLHM@K U@KUD ONRHSHNM 5GD HMKDS RHCD RSD@L OQDRRTQD HR BNMRS@MS @S (E @MC HSR SDLODQ@STQD HR ,E 5GD U@KUD ONRHSHNM HR BNMSQNKKDC SN L@HMS@HM @ BNMRS@MS V@SDQ SDLODQ@STQD HM SGD A@SG 'NQ LNCDKHMF OTQONRD VD @RRTLD SG@S SGD V@SDQ SDLODQ@STQD HM SGD A@SG HR TMH ENQL @MC SGD V@SDQ KDUDK HM SGD S@MJ QDL@HMR BNMRS@MS BNMRDPTDMSKX SGD L@RR HM
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97 " RHLOKD GD@SDWBG@MFDQ RXRSDL VHSG U@KUD BNMSQNK
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97 " SNVHMF AN@S @MC @ X@BGS SQ@UDKKHMF @F@HMRS SGD VHMC
*M RSD@CX RS@SD R@HKHMF SGD SNVHMF AN@S @MC SGD X@BGS G@UD SGD R@LD UDKNBHSX @ 4TCCDMKX HS V@R ENTMC SG@S SGD SNVHMF AN@S RS@QSR SN R@HK LTBG E@RSDQ %H@FMNRD SGD ONRRHAKD B@TRDR AX BNMRSQTBSHMF @ SDLONQ@K B@TR@K FQ@OG NE SGD RXRSDL *E SGD E@KK HM VHMC QDRHRS@MBD HR BNMRHCDQDC @R SGD E@TKS GXONSGDRHR FDMDQ@SD SGD SQDMCR A *E HS V@R ENTMC SG@S SGD RODDC NE SGD SVN AN@SR G@UD RHLTKS@MDNTRKX CDBQD@RDC SGDM FDMDQ@SD SGD SQDMCR VHSG @ E@TKS GXONSGDRHR SG@S SGD OTLO HMRS@KKDC HM SGD X@BGS HR MNS ETMBSHNMHMF OQNODQKX ; 7 SGD L@RR NE SGD X@BGS HR HMBQD@RHMF " BNMSQNKKDC THC RTOOKX TMHS HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 " BNMSQNKKDC THC RTOOKX TMHS
5GD VNQJHMF THC HR @RRTLDC SN AD BNLOQDRRHAKD 5GD OTLO CDKHUDQR @ BNMRS@MS NV Q@SD @MC SN L@HMS@HM @ BNMRS@MS OQDRRTQD HM SGD @BBTLTK@SNQ @ QDKHDE U@KUD HR TRDC SN AXO@RR SGD OTLODC THC SN SGD RTLO %TQHMF RSD@CX RS@SD NODQ@SHNM HS V@R ENTMC SG@S RTCCDMKX SGD OQDRRTQD HM SGD @BBTLTK@SNQ RS@QSDC SN E@KK 5GD BNM SQNKKDQ @TSNL@SHB@KKX SQHDC SN L@HMS@HM SGD @BBTLTK@SNQ OQDRRTQD @MC SGTR BNLOKDSDKX BKNRDC SGD QDKHDE U@KUD 5GDM SGD NODQ@SNQ ENTMC SG@S SGD @BBTLTK@SNQ OQDRRTQD RDMRNQ QD@CHMFR VDQD E@KKHMF @MC FQ@CT@KKX QD@BGDC @ RSD@CX RS@SD U@KTD 5GD NODQ@SNQ QRS BGDBJDC SGD QDKHDE U@KUD SN @RBDQS@HM SG@S SGDQD V@R MN KD@J@FD SGQNTFG HS @MC SGDQD @ESDQ GD VDMS SN SGD NTSOTS RHCD @MC ENTMC SG@S SGD NV Q@SD SN SGD BNMRTLDQ G@C
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97 " KDUDK BNMSQNK RXRSDL
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
*MSQNCTBSHNM
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
97 " FDMDQ@K RBGDLD NE LNCDKA@RDC '%*
*M 'HFTQD HS HR @RRTLDC SG@S E@TKSR B@M @EEDBS OQNBDRR BNLONMDMSR RDMRNQR BNMSQNKKDQR @MC @BST@SNQR .NCDQM OQNBDRRDR @QD TRT@KKX BNLOTSDQ BNMSQNKKDC @MC SGTR BNMSQNKKDQ E@TKSR @QD GXONSGDSHB@K 5GD SVN CHRSHMBS AKNBJR HM 'HFTQD @QD *7E;6G3> 97@7D3F;A@ SGHR AKNBJ FDMDQ@SDR QDRHCT@KR NQ E@TKS RXLOSNLR < = VGHBG RGNTKC HMCHB@SD @MX E@TKS NBBTQQDMBD 3DRHCT@K FDMDQ@SNQR B@M AD CDUDKNODC TRHMF CHEEDQDMS LDSGNCR 7 9 NARDQUDQ < = O@QHSX QDK@SHNMR < = @MC O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM < = A@RDC LDSGNCR
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E@TKS V@R QDO@HQDC 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF OQNBDRR QDRONMRD HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ *M SGD E@TKS CTQ@SHNM SGD V@SDQ KDUDK HM 5@MJ B@LD CNVM @ KHSSKD VGDQD@R SGD 0M 0EE BNMSQNKKDQ NUDQVGDKLDC SGD E@TKS @MC L@HMS@HMDC OQNODQ V@SDQ KDUDK HM 5@MJ /NSD SG@S HE SGD NV NTSOTS SN SGD TRDQ HR BNMRHCDQDC HS VNTKC MNS AD @EEDBSDC AX SGHR E@TKS *M BKNRDC KNNO OQNBDRRDR BNMSQNKKDQR SQX SN GHCD E@TKS DEEDBSR @MC SGTR HS HR TRT@KKX HLONRRHAKD SN MC E@TKSR HM RTBG OQNBDRRDR AX RHLOKX NARDQUHMF SGD OQNCTBSR NQ OQNBDRR NTSOTSR *M SGHR OQNBDRR SGD OQNBDRR QDRONMRD HR MNS RLNNSG CTD SN 0M 0EE BNMSQNK @BSHNM @MC SGTR SGD Q@V QDRHCT@K RHFM@KR @QD MNHRX VHSG K@QFD @LOKHSTCDR ENQ UDQX RGNQS CTQ@SHNMR 6RD NE RTBG Q@V QDRHCT@KR ENQ CH@FMNRHR VNTKC KD@C SN @ K@QFD MTLADQ NE E@KRD @K@QLR 5GDQDENQD U@QHNTR QDRHCT@K ONRSOQNBDRRNQR @QD TRDC *M SGHR @OOKHB@SHNM LNUHMF @UDQ@FD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR @QD S@JDM NUDQ @ SHLD VHMCNV NE R RO@M 5GD QDRONMRDR NE SGD QRS SVN QDRHCT@KR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD A @ESDQ ONRSOQNBDRRHMF 0SGDQ QDRHCT@KR QDL@HM YDQN @MC @QD NLHSSDC EQNL SGD FTQD 8D MC SG@S CTQHMF SGD KD@J@FD EQNL 5@MJ NMKX QDRHCT@K D CHUDQFDR EQNL HSR MNLHM@K U@KTD @ SGQDRGNKC @QNTMC LD@M YDQN U@KTD 5GDQDENQD HM SGD E@TKS CTQ@SHNM VD NAS@HM @ BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ #DB@TRD SGD BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ HR MNM YDQN @M @K@QL HR Q@HRDC @MC @ L@SBG ENQ SGHR BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ HR RD@QBGDC HM SGD E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHW *M 5@AKD VD MC @ TMHPTD L@SBG VHSG SGD E@TKS RHFM@STQD NE BNLONMDMS 5@MJ 5GDQDENQD SGD E@TKS B@M AD HRNK@SDC EQNL SGD QDRHCT@K QDRONMRDR
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97 " OTLONODQ@SDC KDUDK BNMSQNK RXRSDL
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1QNAKDLR
97 4BGDL@SHB QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE @ RHLOKD AKDMCHMF OQNBDRR
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97 4BGDL@SHB QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE @ OQDBNMCHSHNMDQ ENQ @ EDQLDMS@SHNM OQNBDRR
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@@<931D9?> D? 1 )D51= 5>5B1D?B &B?35CC
>DB?4E3D9?> 5GD LDSGNCNKNFX CDUDKNODC HM SGD OQDUHNTR BG@OSDQR HR @OOKHDC HM SGHR BG@OSDQ SN RTODQUHRD @M HMCTRSQH@K RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ 5GD OTQONRD NE SGHR @OOKHB@SHNM HR SN CDRHFM @ RTODQUHRHNM OK@SENQL VGHBG @KKNVR NMD SN BNMSQNK @MC SN LNMHSNQ SGD OQNBDRR HM MNQL@K RHST@SHNMR @R VDKK @R HM SGD OQDRDMBD NE E@TKSR @MC E@HKTQDR 0M SGD NTSRDS VD FDMDQ@SD @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD OQNBDRR @MC U@KHC@SD HS RN SG@S SGD LNCDK B@M AD TRDC ENQ "33 FDMDQ@SHNM @MC HSR NMKHMD HLOKDLDMS@SHNM
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
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
97 1QNBDRR @MC *MRSQTLDMS@SHNM %H@FQ@L NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ
5GD BNMCDMRDQ HR @ BNLOKDW RXRSDL 5GD RSD@L BNLHMF EQNL SGD DWO@MRHNM RXR SDL SN SGD BNMCDMRDQ HR BNMCDMRDC NUDQ SGD UDQSHB@K STADR SGQNTFG VGHBG SGD BNNKHMF V@SDQ NVR 5GD STADR @QD ROKHS HMSN SGQDD O@QSR @S SGD HMOTS SN SGD BNMCDMRDQ HM SNTBG VHSG SGD RSD@L VHSGHM SGD BNMCDMR@SD @MC SGDM @F@HM HM BNMS@BS VHSG SGD RSD@L @S SGD NTSOTS EQNL SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5GD KDUDK NE SGD BNMCDMR@SD HR BNMSQNKKDC AX LD@MR NE SGQDD 0M0EE U@KUDR . . @MC . OK@BDC HM O@Q@KKDK ADSVDDM SGD BNMCDMRDQ @MC SGD S@MJ 5GDRD 0M0EE U@KUDR JDDO SGD BNMCDMR@SD KDUDK $ VHSGHM - NE @ FHUDM RDSONHMS 5GD V@SDQ RTOOKX RXRSDL HR L@CD NE SVN OTLOR ( @MC ( @MC @ OHOD "S @MX FHUDM ONHMS NE SHLD NMKX NMD OTLO B@M AD HM NODQ@SHNM SGD NSGDQ OTLO RHLOKX OQNUHCDR DPTHOLDMS QDCTMC@MBX 5GD OTLO CQHUDR V@SDQ HMSN SGD ANHKDQ @BBNQCHMF SN SGD 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ BNLL@MC CDODMCHMF NM SGD KDUDK NE V@SDQ HM SGD ANHKDQ RDMRNQ $ 5GHR HMRS@KK@SHNM G@R ADDM RODBHB@KKX CDRHFMDC SN ODQENQL @R @ OHKNS OK@MS SN SDRS '%* @OOKHB@SHNMR *S HR ONRRHAKD SN RHLTK@SD LNRS NE SGD E@TKSR L@MT@KKX NQ @T SNL@SHB@KKX " KD@J@FD EQNL SGD BNMCDMRDQ SGD S@MJ NQ SGD ANHKDQ B@M AD RHLTK@SDC AX NODMHMF SGD U@KUDR . . NQ . QDRODBSHUDKX " ANHKDQ NTSOTS AKNBJ@FD B@M AD BNMSQHUDC AX ETKKX NQ O@QSH@KKX BKNRHMF SGD U@KUD .
*MSQNCTBSHNM
#<:2;09.AB?2 4XLANK 9 ρ 5B /B ( , ,3@= .4A;>7D #?7 # # 5 B? .5A@6 5A@6 5 BA@6 %FA@6 @F ρ> µ> λ> $H >F . >6 . >6 . >6 . >6 . >6 . >6 . >6 $
%DRBQHOSHNM $NMRS@MS NE FQ@UHSX %DMRHSX NE V@SDQ 4ODBHB GD@S NE V@SDQ 5GD ONVDQ NE SGD GD@SDQ "SLNROGDQHB OQDRRTQD "SLNROGDQHB SDLODQ@STQD 5@MJ @QD@ 7NKTLD NE SGD ANHKDQ 0UDQ@KK GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE SGD ANHKDQ R ANCX 1TLO BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB 1TLO BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB 4ODBHB GD@S NE SGD LDS@K NE SGD ANHKDQ 7NKTLD NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ DWBKTCHMF BNNKHMF STADR "QD@ NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ 4ODBHB GD@S NE LDS@K NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ .@RR NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ ANCX /TLADQ NE STQMR NE BNNK@MS STADR %H@LDSDQ NE BNNK@MS STADR %DMRHSX NE BNMCDMR@SD %XM@LHB UHRBNRHSX NE BNMCDMR@SD 5GDQL@K BNMCTBSHUHSX NE BNMCDMR@SD -@SDMS GD@S HE OQDRRTQD -DMFSG NE BNNK@MS STADR . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS . %HRBG@QFD U@KUD BNDEBHDMS -DUDK HM SGD S@MJ
7@KTD 4DMRNQ
6MHS LR JFL +JF , +R 1@ , L L +R ,
L R 1@ L R +JF ,
L
L +JF , 'TMBSHNM 4DMRNQ
JF L JFL JFL R + LR, +JF L JFR 1@ JFR 1@ JFR 1@ JFR 1@ JFR 1@ JFR 1@ JFR 1@ L
4XLANK , $ $ ( ( ,
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
%DRBQHOSHNM 5DLODQ@STQD HM SGD S@MJ 'KNV EQNL OTLO 7NKTLD NE V@SDQ HM SGD ANHKDQ 1QDRRTQD HM SGD ANHKDQ 1QDRRTQD NE SGD RSD@L HM SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5DLODQ@STQD NE SGD RSD@L HM SGD BNM CDMRDQ $ $ $NMCDMR@SD KDUDK HM SGD BNMCDMRDQ 1QDRRTQD @S SGD ANSSNL NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ ( 5DLODQ@STQD NE BNMCDMR@SD @S SGD ANS , SNL NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5DLODQ@STQD NE SGD BNNK@MS @S SGD HMKDS , SN SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5DLODQ@STQD NE SGD BNNK@MS @S SGD NTSKDS , EQNL SGD BNMCDMRDQ $NNK@MS NV Q@SD SN SGD BNMCDMRDQ ) )D@SDQ ONVDQ NTSOTS , 5DLODQ@STQD NE SGD V@SDQ HM SGD ANHKDQ 5DLODQ@STQD NE SGD RSD@L HM SGD ANHKDQ , 4SD@L NV EQNL ANHKDQ ( 1QDRRTQD TORSQD@L NE . 1QDRRTQD CNVMRSQD@L NE . ( 1QDRRTQD TORSQD@L NE . ( 1QDRRTQD CNVMRSQD@L NE . ( ?' 1TLO BNLL@MC )D@SDQ BNLL@MC ?' 0M0EE U@KUD BNLL@MC ?' . NODMHMF L@MT@K ?- . BNLL@MC L@MT@K ?- . BNLL@MC ?- #NHKDQ KDUDK RDSONHMS $ >D7 8 #NHKDQ OQDRRTQD RDSONHMS (>D7 8 (>D7 8 ( OQDRRTQD RDSONHMS $NMCDMRDQ KDUDK RDSONHMS $ >D7 8 %>%66 #NHKDQ OQDRRTQD BNMSQNKKDQ %>%66 1TLO BNMSQNKKDQ & ( OQDRRTQD BNMSQNKKDQ
7@KTD 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ
6MHS , L R L 1@ 1@ ,
4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ
L 1@ ,
4DMRNQ
,
4DMRNQ
,
4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DMRNQ 4DSONHMS 4DSONHMS 4DSONHMS 4DSONHMS 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM
L R 8 , , JFR 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
L 1@ 1@ L
*MSQNCTBSHNM
4XLANK %>%66 E :F :< ν H ν > Φ7 ρ H &C*C *C&C
%DRBQHOSHNM $NMCDMR@SD CHRBG@QFD BNMSQNKKDQ 5HLD CDQHU@SHUD NODQ@SNQ 4ODBHB DMSG@KOX NE RSD@L HE OQDRRTQD 4ODBHB DMSG@KOX NE V@SDQ HE OQDRRTQD 4ODBHB UNKTLD NE RSD@L HE OQDRRTQD 4ODBHB UNKTLD NE V@SDQ HE OQDRRTQD &PT@K ODQBDMS@FD U@KUD NODMHMF HE ON RHSHNM %DMRHSX NE SGD RSD@L HE OQDRRTQD 4SD@L SDLODQ@STQD HE OQDRRTQD 4SD@L OQDRRTQD HE SDLODQ@STQD
7@KTD 'TMBSHNM 0ODQ@SNQ 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM
6MHS
'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM 'TMBSHNM
JFL , 1@
+JF +JF L JF L JF
,
97 8NQC ORDTCNANMC FQ@OG NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OQNBDRR
5GHR QDOQDRDMS@SHNM GDKOR TR SN CDQHUD SGD ANMC FQ@OG RTALNCDK NE D@BG BNLON MDMS SN @RRHFM SGD BNQQDBS B@TR@KHSX @MC BNMRDPTDMSKX SN BNLOKDSD SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD DMSHQD OQNBDRR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
?>4 B1@8 #?455B1D?BC ?=@?>5>DC &@BG NE SGD BNLONMDMSR NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ HR QDOQDRDMSDC @R @ RTALNCDK 5GD RTALNCDKR @QD BK@RRHDC HMSN CHEEDQDMS OQNBDRR BK@RRDR M@LDKX RSNQ@FD SQ@MRONQS SQ@MRENQL@SHNM @BST@SNQ RDMRNQ 7F5 CDODMCHMF TONM SGD ETMBSHNM@KHSHDR NE D@BG CD UHBD < = 5GHR @KKNVR RSNQ@FD NE CHEEDQDMS BNLONMDMS LNCDKR HM @ GHDQ@QBGH B@K SQDD RSQTBSTQD < = @MC @KRN @HCR SGD OQNBDRR DMFHMDDQR HM D@RHKX BNMRSQTBSHMF SGDHQ OQNBDRR LNCDKR AX BNMMDBSHMF U@QHNTR SGDQLNTHC @MC AKNBJCH@FQ@L BNL ONMDMS LNCDKR @U@HK@AKD HM SGD FDMDQHB OQNBDRR C@S@A@RD 5GD @OOQN@BG OQDRDMSDC HM SGHR ANNJ HR HLOKDLDMSDC HM .NCDK#THKCDQ RNESV@QD CDUDKNODC HM SGD EQ@LDVNQJ NE $)&. OQNIDBS 5GHR RNESV@QD HMBKTCDR L@MX BNLLNM OQNBDRR DMFHMDDQHMF BNLON MDMS RTALNCDKR 5GD BNLONMDMS RTALNCDKR ENQ RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OQNBDRR @QD @CCDC SN SGD .NCDK#THKCDQ KHAQ@QX )DQD VD CDS@HK NMKX SGD BNLONMDMSR OQDRDMS HM SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OQNBDRR
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 <3 A52 (A
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RSNQ@FD S@MJ
5GD BNMCDMR@SD L@RR NV ? EQNL SGD BNMCDMRDQ HR RSNQDC HM SGD S@MJ SN FDMDQ@SD OQDRRTQD ( 4HLHK@QKX SGD SNS@K DMSG@KOX NV SN SGD S@MJ QDRTKSR HM SDLODQ@STQD , U@QH@SHNM 5GD DMDQFX BNTOKHMF ADSVDDM SGD GXCQ@TKHB @MC SGDQL@K OGDMNLDM@ HR QDOQDRDMSDC AX @M HMENQL@SHNM ANMC HM SGD LNCDK 'NQ SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ @O OKHB@SHNM SGD RSNQ@FD S@MJ G@R @ BNMRS@MS BQNRRRDBSHNM ,3@= 5GD B@O@BHSHDR NE SGD
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKR NE 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ R $NLONMDMSR
ANMC FQ@OG RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR : @MC SGD RS@SD CDODMCDMS B@O@BHSX F HM 'HFTQD @QD FHUDM AX : ,3@= 9 F 5 B ): 5 B
-
8: 6F
VGDQD ): HR SGD RS@SD U@QH@AKD QDOQDRDMSHMF SGD SNS@K L@RR NE SGD KHPTHC HM SGD S@MJ @MC 5 B HR SGD RODBHB GD@S B@O@BHSX NE SGD KHPTHC
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∆ (BG?B # ?'
VGDQD # @MC # @QD SGD BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB O@Q@LDSDQR NE SGD OTLO ∆ (BG?B HR SGD OQDR RTQD F@HM @BQNRR SGD OTLO @MC ?' HR @ AHM@QX RHFM@K EQNL SGD NTSOTS NE @ BNMSQNKKDQ HM SGHR B@RD ANHKDQ KDUDK BNMSQNKKDQ 5GD BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNMR ENQ SGD NV SGQNTFG SGD OHOD HR FHUDM AX 2 8 B;B7 .>6 ∆ (B;B7 E;9@ ∆ (B;B7 ?' VGDQD ∆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
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
97 3DRNKTSHNM NE NO DQ@SHMF ONHMS ENQ OTLOOHOD RTARXRSDL
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD V@SDQ RTOOKX RXRSDL
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKR NE 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ R $NLONMDMSR
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD ANHKDQ
AKDR NQ .NKKHDQ BG@QSR 4N HE NMD NE SGDRD SVN QDK@SDC U@QH@AKDR HR JMNVM SGD NSGDQ B@M AD B@KBTK@SDC 5GD 4SD@L PT@KHSX 0 HR CDMDC @R 0
?H ?> ?H
VGDQD ?> @MC ?H @QD SGD L@RRDR NE R@STQ@SDC KHPTHC @MC CQX R@STQ@SDC RSD@L QD RODBSHUDKX 5GD SNS@K DMSG@KOX @MC SNS@K L@RR HMRHCD SGD ANHKDQ @QD FHUDM AX SGD RS@SD U@QH@AKDR @MC ? NE SGD 4 DKC 4HMBD SGD UNKTLD NE SGD ANHKDQ .4 HR @ JMNVM BNMRS@MS O@Q@LDSDQ SGD RODBHB UNKTLD ν ? @MC SGD RODBHB DMSG@KOX :? NE SGD LHW STQD @QD B@KBTK@SDC @R ENKKNVR ! .4 ' ' % ν ? ? 0ν > (4 0ν H (4 ' ' # :? 0:> (4 0:H (4 ? VGDQD ν > @MC ν H :> @MC :H @QD QDRODBSHUDKX RODBHB UNKTLDR @MC SGD RODBHB DM SG@KOHDR NE SGD KHPTHC @MC U@ONTQ FHUDM @R ETMBSHNMR NE SGD RSD@L OQDRRTQD (4 5GDRD ETMBSHNMR @QD TRT@KKX NAS@HMDC TRHMF ONKXMNLH@K HMSDQONK@SHNM NE SGD RSD@L S@AKD C@S@ 5GD RDS NE DPT@SHNMR HM &PT@SHNM B@M AD RNKUDC HSDQ@SHUDKX TRHMF CHEEDQ
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
DMS MTLDQHB@K LDSGNCR 7 9 AHRDBSHNM SN CDSDQLHMD SGD OQDRRTQD @MC RSD@L PT@KHSX 4SD@L S@AKDR @QD @F@HM TRDC SN CDSDQLHMD SGD R@STQ@SHNM SDLODQ@STQD ,4 EQNL SGD R@STQ@SHNM OQDRRTQD (4 " MNMHSDQ@SHUD ENQLTK@SHNM NE @ LTKSHOG@RD SGDQL@K $DKC L@X AD NAS@HMDC AX CHEEDQDMSKX BGNNRHMF SGD ONVDQ U@QH@AKDR <= 5GD KDUDK HM SGD ANHKDQ $4 HR LD@RTQDC AX RDMRNQR $ @MC $ VGHBG @QD B@KH AQ@SDC SN LD@RTQD SGD UNKTLD NE R@STQ@SDC V@SDQ *S HR B@KBTK@SDC EQNL SGD RS@SDR NE SGD 4 DKC TRHMF SGD RNKTSHNMR ENQ SGD RSD@L OQDRRTQD @MC RSD@L PT@KHSX @R FHUDM ADKNV $4 0ν > (4 ? 5GD @BST@K KDUDK HM GDHFGS NE R@STQ@SDC V@SDQ HMRHCD SGD ANHKDQ CDODMCR NM SGD FDNLDSQX @MC NSGDQ BNMRSQTBSHNM@K ED@STQDR
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 <3 A52 (A2.: E=.;@6<; (F@A2:
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RSD@L DWO@MRHNM RXRSDL
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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKR NE 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ R $NLONMDMSR
J
! ' ' ' ENQ G %
G ENQ G ' ' ' # ENQ G Φ7 J *7J \6 6 Φ7 J
VGDQD G HR SGD BNMSQNKKDQ NTSOTS J HR SGD U@KUD RSDL ONRHSHNM Φ7 HR SGD DPT@K ODQ BDMS@FD ETMBSHNM * HR SGD Q@MFD@AHKHSX E@BSNQ @MC \6 HR SGD DEEDBSHUD BNDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE SGD U@KUD 5GD QRS U@KUD @S SGD NTSOTS NE SGD ANHKDQ *H G@R @ KHMD@Q BG@Q@BSDQHRSHBR @MC HR TRT@KKX BNLOKDSDKX NODM 4HMBD R@STQ@SDC RSD@L NVR SGQNTFG SGDRD U@KUDR SGD NV BG@Q@BSDQHRSHB HR FNUDQMDC AX SGD ENKKNVHMF DPT@SHNM ! ' % \6 (G ENQ (6 (G 8 & & ' # \6 (6 (G (6 ENQ (6 (G VGDQD (G (6 @MC 8 @QD SGD TORSQD@L OQDRRTQD SGD CNVMRSQD@L OQDRRTQD @MC SGD L@RR NV Q@SD QDRODBSHUDKX 5GD SVNONQS DKDLDMS E HR @ MNMKHMD@Q BNTOKHMF B@O@BHSNQ TRDC SN @UNHC @KFD AQ@HB KNNOR ADSVDDM SGD MNMKHMD@Q QDRHRSHUD DKDLDMSR *H @MC *H @MC *H @MC *H #X @RRTLHMF R@STQ@SDC CQX RSD@L NV 0 SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNMR ENQ SGHR DKDLDMS @QD FHUDM @R * .ε + 7: ( ν ) H (8: 6F
7F , &C*C ( VGDQD .ε HR @M HMMHSDRHL@K UNKTLD ν H HR @ SGDQLNCXM@LHB ETMBSHNM SG@S B@KBTK@SDR R@STQ@SHNM OQDRRTQD EQNL SGD RODBHB UNKTLD NE CQX RSD@L AX TRHMF RSD@L S@AKDR &C*C HR @ SGDQLNCXM@LHB ETMBSHNM TRDC SN B@KBTK@SD R@STQ@SDC RSD@L SDLODQ@STQD EQNL JMNVM OQDRRTQD ( HR SGD RSD@L OQDRRTQD @MC , HR SGD RSD@L SDLODQ@STQD
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 <3 A52 <;12;@2? 5GD UDQSHB@K BNMCDMRDQ HR @ BNLOKDW RTARXRSDL HM SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ HMRS@KK@SHNM 5GD RSD@L HR BNMCDMRDC NUDQ UDQSHB@K 6STADR B@QQXHMF SGD BNNK@MS 5GD BNMCDMR@SD HR RSNQDC @S SGD ANSSNL NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5GD BNMCDMR@SD KDUDK HR BNMSQNKKDC AX TRHMF SGQDD NMNEE U@KUDR @S SGD CHRBG@QFD 5GD 6STADR B@QQXHMF SGD BNNK@MS @QD O@QSH@KKX RTALDQFDC HM SGD BNMCDMR@SD 5GTR SGDQD @QD GD@S SQ@MREDQR ANSG EQNL SGD RSD@L
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
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
5GD RSD@L HR OTQD @MC R@STQ@SDC "CUDBSHNM HR MDFKDBSDC 5GD SDLODQ@STQD NE SGD BNMCDMR@SHNM RTQE@BD HR BNMRS@MS 5GD BNMCDMR@SD NVR CNVM CTD SN FQ@UHSX ENQBD @MC SGD NV HR K@LHM@Q 5GD L@WHLTL KL SGHBJMDRR HR RL@KK BNLO@QDC SN SGD CH@LDSDQ NE SGD STADR
5GD @RRTLOSHNMR SG@S SGD RSD@L HR OTQD @MC SGD BNMCDMR@SD NV HR K@LHM@Q CNDR MNS GNKC FNNC HM OQ@BSHBD %TD SN CDONRHSHNM NE RDCHLDMSR NUDQ SGD STADR B@QQXHMF SGD BNNK@MS SGD BNMCDMR@SD NV HR V@UX @MC SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMSR @QD CHEEDQDMS @R BNLO@QDC SN SGD SGDNQDSHB@K NMD 'TQSGDQLNQD SGD RSD@L HR MNS OTQD @MC BNMS@HMR MNMBNMCDMR@AKD F@RDR 5GDQDENQD BNQQDBSHNMR @QD @OOKHDC SN SGD /TRRDKS R ENQLTK@D <= SN QDOQDRDMS SGD @BST@K Q@SD NE BNMCDMR@SHNM @MC DEEDBSHUD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDE BHDMS 5GD ORDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD *M SGD ORDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK SGD RSNQ@FD NE L@RR @MC DMDQFX NE SGD RSD@L HR LNCDKDC HM E DKC DKDLDMS 5GD FNUDQMHMF DPT@SHNMR ENQ SGHR DKDLDMS @QD HCDMSHB@K SN SGD FNUDQMHMF DPT@SHNMR ENQ SGD ANHKDQ FHUDM HM &PT@SHNM 4HLHK@QKX SGD RSNQ@FD NE BNMCDMR@SD @S SGD ANSSNL NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ HR LNCDKDC AX SGD DKDLDMSR : @MC F 5GHR O@QS NE SGD LNCDK HR HCDMSHB@K SN SGD LNCDK NE SGD RSNQ@FD S@MJ FHUDM HM 'HFTQD ADB@TRD SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD HR TMCDQR@STQ@SDC 5GD @BST@K OQDRRTQD @S SGD DWHS NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ ANSSNL HR B@KBTK@SDC AX @CCHMF SGD CHEEDQDMSH@K OQDRRTQD CTD SN BNMCDMR@SD V@SDQ GD@C @MC SGD RSD@L OQDRRTQD @S SGD ITMBSHNM VHSG ANMC MTLADQ 5GD LNRS BNLOKHB@SDC O@QS NE SGHR LNCDK HR SGD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD /TRRDKS R ENQLTK@D ENQ BNMCDMR@SHNM TRHMF SGD LNCTK@SDC LTKSHONQS QDRHRSHUD DKC DKDLDMS *@ #DRHCDR @ KNS NE FDNLDSQHB@K @MC OGXRHB@K O@Q@LDSDQR SGD Q@SD NE BNMCDMR@SHNM OQHL@QHKX CDODMCR TONM SGD SDLODQ@STQD NE SGD RSD@L @MC SGD BNMCDMRHMF RTQE@BD
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKR NE 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ R $NLONMDMSR
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE BNMCDMRDQ GD@SDWBG@MFDQ
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µ > λ > > ,E ,F; π @F 9 ρ > ρ > ρ H ? 5; µ > 9 ρ > ρ > ρ H 0 $H η5 B ,E ,F; ? 5
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"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
VGDQD ; QDOQDRDMSR SGD SVN RDBSHNMR NE SGD STAD HM BNMS@BS VHSG SGD RSD@L @F HR SGD MTLADQ NE SGD 6STADR ρ > @MC ρ H @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD BNMCDMR@SD @MC RSD@L CDMRHSHDR FHUDM @R ETMBSHNMR NE SDLODQ@STQD µ > HR SGD CXM@LHB UHRBNRHSX NE SGD BNM CDMR@SD λ > QDOQDRDMSR SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE BNMCDMR@SD ,E ,F @MC ,F @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD R@STQ@SDC SDLODQ@STQD NE SGD RSD@L SGD SDLODQ@STQD NE BNMCDMRHMF RTQE@BD NE SGD SVN RDBSHNMR NE SGD STAD HM BNMS@BS VHSG SGD RSD@L $H HR SGD K@SDMS GD@S NE U@ONQHY@SHNM NE SGD RSD@L 5 B RS@MCR ENQ SGD RODBHB GD@S B@O@BHSX NE SGD BNMCDM R@SD 0 HR SGD RSD@L PT@KHSX > @MC @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD KDMFSG @MC SGD CH@LDSDQ NE SGD RDFLDMS NE STADR DWONRDC SN SGD RSD@L 'NQ SGD BNMCDMRDQ HM SGD RSD@L FDMDQ @SNQ HMRS@KK@SHNM SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ EQNL SGD BNMCDMR@SD SN SGD STADR HR BNQQDBSDC AX @ E@BSNQ NE η SN @BBNTMS ENQ KL QHOOKHMF @MC SGD DEEDBSR NE MNMBNMCDMR@AKD F@RDR < = 5GD KDMFSG NE SGD STAD > DWONRDC SN SGD RSD@L HM D@BG RDBSHNM HR B@KBTK@SDC @R > >F Φ59 ∆ (>
VGDQD >F HR SGD SNS@K KDMFSG NE D@BG 6STAD HMBKTCHMF SGD ADMCR ∆ (> HR SGD CHEEDQDM SH@K OQDRRTQD CTD SN VDHFGS NE RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD RS@SD ) FHUDR L@RR @MC Φ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
5GD GD@S SQ@MREDQ EQNL SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD SN SGD BNNKHMF STADR HR LNCDKDC AX *F> DKDLDMS ENQ VGHBG SGD NUDQ@KK GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS HR FHUDM AX λ F> Φ59 ∆ (> VGDQD λ F> HR SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS ADSVDDM SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD @MC SGD LDS@KKHB V@KKR NE SGD STAD ENQ TMHS KDMFSG NE SGD STAD @MC Φ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
#NMC (Q@OG .NCDKR NE 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ R $NLONMDMSR
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 <3 A52 <;12;@.A2 6@05.?42 +.9C2@ 5GD CHRBG@QFD U@KUDR @QD TRDC SN BNMSQNK SGD BNMCDMR@SD KDUDK HMRHCD SGD BNMCDMRDQ 5GD ORDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGHR RTARXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD BNMCDMR@SD CHRBG@QFD U@KUDR
5GD U@KUDR *H *H @MC *H QDBDHUD SGD R@LD BNLL@MC ?' FHUDM EQNL SGD KDUDK BNMSQNKKDQ 5GDRD SGQDD U@KUDR OQNUHCD L@SDQH@K QDCTMC@MBX @MC DMRTQD R@EDSX NE SGD OQNBDRR 5GD L@RR NV NE BNMCDMR@SD 8; @MC DMSG@KOX NV ; VHSG ; FNHMF SGQNTFG D@BG U@KUD @QD FHUDM AX 1 8; .; >6 $∆ ($?' ; 8; 5 B ,5 VGDQD ∆ ( RS@MCR ENQ SGD OQDRRTQD CQNO @BQNRR SGD U@KUDR .; >6 HR SGD DEEDBSHUD CHR BG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE SGD ;SG U@KUD @MC ,5 HR SGD SDLODQ@STQD NE SGD BNMCDMR@SD
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
#?45< ,1<941D9?> 5GD FKNA@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD OQNBDRR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD HR U@KHC@SDC SGQNTFG BNLO@QHRNM ADSVDDM SGD LNCDK NTSOTSR RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR @MC SGD DWODQH LDMS@K NARDQU@SHNMR BNKKDBSDC AX SGD RDMRNQR 5GD MTLDQHB@K U@KTDR NE SGD O@Q@LD SDQR NE SGD OQNBDRR VDQD NAS@HMDC SGQNTFG FDNLDSQHB@K LD@RTQDLDMSR DWODQHLDMSR @MC EQNL BG@QSR OQNUHCDC HM SGD L@MTE@BSTQDQR B@S@KNF 5GD U@KTDR ENQ SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNQQDBSHNM E@BSNQ η HM SGD BNMCDMRDQ V@R DRSHL@SDC EQNL DWODQHLDMS@K C@S@ "S η @ANTS @BBDOS@AKD BNGDQDMBD ADSVDDM SGD SGDNQDSHB@K @MC DW ODQHLDMS@K QDRTKSR VDQD NAS@HMDC 5GHR U@KTD NE η HR BKNRD SN SGD RTFFDRSDC BNQQDBSHNM HM <=
97 (KNA@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OQNBDRR
.NCDK 7@KHC@SHNM
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
*12<5 5DBGMHB@K RODBHB@SHNMR NE OQNBDRR BNLONMDMSR #NHKDQ
.@JD #"#$0$, 8"/40/ 5XOD 3&7 ,8 3@SHMF A@QR ,FG 7 7@KUDR .@JD 4".40/ 5XOD %/ 3@SHMF A@QR $NMCDMRDQ .@JD $*"5 5XOD 69 1 $- 3@SHMF A@QRA@QR BNNK@MS -SQR 1TLOR .@JD "## "RD@ #QNVM #NUDQH 5XOD .&6$ - 3@SHMF A@QR JFG A@QR ,FG
5GD ETMBSHNMR :F @MC :< QDSTQM RODBHB DMSG@KOHDR NE RSD@L @MC V@SDQ QDRODB SHUDKX @R ETMBSHNMR NE R@STQ@SHNM OQDRRTQD -HJDVHRD RODBHB UNKTLDR NE RSD@L @MC V@SDQ @S R@STQ@SHNM @R ETMBSHNMR NE OQDRRTQD @QD FHUDM AX ETMBSHNMR ν F @MC ν < QDRODBSHUDKX 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF R@STQ@SDC RSD@L SDLODQ@STQD ENQ @ FHUDM OQDRRTQD HR CDSDQLHMDC AX SGD ETMBSHNM (E, E @MC SGD CDMRHSX NE SGD RSD@L HR FHUDM AX ρ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
.4 $ ν > ( .4 $ ν > ( $ ν H (
.4 @MC 0 ν > ( 0 ν H (
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5GD RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR ENQ SGD OQDRRTQD ( @MC V@SDQ KDUDK $ HMRHCD SGD ANHKDQ @QD FHUDM HM 'HFTQD @ *M 'HFTQD A RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR ENQ SGD RSD@L OQDR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
RTQD ( NTSKDS BNNK@MS SDLODQ@STQD , @MC SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD SDLODQ@STQD , NE SGD BNMCDMRDQ @QD FHUDM "R B@M AD RDDM EQNL 'HFTQD @ SGD KDUDK HM SGD ANHKDQ BNMSHMTDR SN CQNO ADB@TRD NE SGD RSD@L NVHMF HMSN SGD BNMCDMRDQ "E SDQ @ KNMF SHLD CDODMCHMF TONM SGD KN@C VGDM SGD KDUDK E@KKR ADKNV SGD KNVDQ SGQDRGNKC RODBHDC AX @ RDSONHMS SGD OTLOR @QD RVHSBGDC NM SN KK SGD ANHKDQ TO SN SGD TOODQ SGQDRGNKC RODBHDC AX SGD RDSONHMS *S B@M AD RDDM EQNL 'HFTQD A SG@S SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD HMHSH@KKX GD@SR TO CTD SN LHWHMF VHSG SGD GHFG SDLODQ@ STQD ITRS BNMCDMRDC KHPTHC OG@RD NVHMF EQNL SGD 6STADR 5GD GD@S SQ@MREDQ EQNL RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD SN RTALDQFDC STADR HMBQD@RDR VHSG HMBQD@RD HM BNMCDMR@SD KDUDK $NMRDPTDMSKX SGD RSNQDC BNMCDMR@SD SDLODQ@STQD @SSDMCR @ CXM@LHB RSD@CX RS@SD
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97
4HLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR ENQ 1 ANHKDQ @MC 2 BNMCDMRDQ
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(2920A6<; <3 206@6<; %?<021B?2 0MBD @M@KXSHB@K QDCTMC@MBX QDK@SHNMR @QD NAS@HMDC @MC OQ@BSHB@K E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@ SQHBDR @QD BNMRSQTBSDC SGD CDBHRHNM OQNBDCTQD HR SGD MDWS HLONQS@MS RSDO HM SGD CDRHFM NE @ RTODQUHRHNM RXRSDL 5GD CDBHRHNM OQNBDCTQD HR @OOKHDC SN SGD RDS NE SGD DU@KT@SDC QDRHCT@KR @S D@BG R@LOKHMF SHLD @MC FDMDQ@SDR SGD @K@QLR *M SGHR @OOKHB@SHNM VD @O OKX @ QDRHCT@K OQDOQNBDRRNQ Ψ∆ , VGHBG S@JDR @ LNUHMF @UDQ@FD NE QDRHCT@KR ENQ @ CTQ@SHNM NE ∆ , 5GD SGQDRGNKC HR BNMRHCDQDC AX ANTMCHMF $Ψ∆ , D; $ AX @ RL@KK U@KTD ε ; "R DWOK@HMDC OQDUHNTRKX SGHR MNMYDQN ANTMC ε ; HR CTD SN OQNBDRR TMBDQS@HMSHDR LNCDKHMF DQQNQR @MC LD@RTQDLDMS MNHRDR 5GDM D@BG DKDLDMS 5; NE SGD BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ HR NAS@HMDC AX TRHMF SGD ENKKNVHMF QTKD ! % HE $Ψ D $ ε ; ∆, ; 5; # NSGDQVHRD 5GD BGNRDM U@KTD NE ε ; LTRS MDHSGDQ AD SNN AHF SN @UNHC SGD LHRRDC @K@QLR NQ MNM CDSDBSHNM MNQ AD SNN RL@KK SN @UNHC SGD E@KRD @K@QLR *M SGD BTQQDMS @OOKHB@SHNM @ LNUHMF @UDQ@FD NE R SHLD VHMCNV HR ODQENQLDC NM @KK SGD QDRHCT@KR 5GD SGQDRGNKCR BGNRDM ENQ RB@KDC QDRHCT@KR NE SGHR HMRS@KK@SHNM @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD @KNMF VHSG SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF RB@KHMF E@BSNQR ζ 1QNODQ RB@KHMF NE QDRHCT@KR SN NAS@HM TMHENQL QDRHCT@K SGQDRGNKC HR CHRBTRRDC HM K@SDQ BG@OSDQR )DQD@ESDQ SGD SDQL QDRHCT@K D; ; HM SGHR BG@OSDQ LD@MR HSR RB@KDC U@KTD
*12<5 &WODQHLDMS@K QDRHCT@K SGQDRGNKCR @ESDQ LNUHMF @UDQ@FHMF NUDQ R D; D D D D D D D D
ζ;
ε;
D; D D D D D D D D
ζ;
ε;
D; D D D D D D D
ζ;
ε;
'NQ SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ @OOKHB@SHNM SGD E@TKSR B@M AD BK@RRHDC HMSN SVN B@SD FNQHDR @AQTOS E@TKSR @MC HMBHOHDMS E@TKSR
0MKHMD *LOKDLDMS@SHNM
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
.A. 0>B6@6A6<; .;1 )<<9/<E ;A24?.A6<; 5GD A@RHB S@RJR HMUNKUDC HM RTODQUHRHNM @MC OQNBDRR BNMSQNK @QD CDS@HKDC HM <= *M "33 A@RDC NMKHMD RTODQUHRHNM SGD QRS RSDO HMUNKUDR HLOKDLDMS@SHNM NE SGD @KFN QHSGLR ENQ SGD DU@KT@SHNM NE SGD QDRHCT@KR @MC NE SGD KNFHB NE SGD E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
97 5GD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ HMRS@KK@SHNM
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
0MKHMD *LOKDLDMS@SHNM
97 1@MNQ@L@ C@S@ @BPTHRHSHNM RBGDLD
BDCTQDR @MC M@KKX HRNK@SDR @MX E@TKS VGDM OQDRDMS "K@QLR FDMDQ@SDC HM '$5*/511 @QD QDONQSDC SN 1@MNQ@L@ VGDQD SGDX @QD CHROK@XDC SN SGD NODQ@SNQ HM @M @OOQNOQH@SD L@MMDQ 5GD R@LOKHMF ODQHNC HR RTEBHDMS ENQ @KK B@KBTK@SHNMR AX TRHMF NOSHLHYDC $ K@MFT@FD BNCD @MC HS KD@UDR @ANTS NE OQNBDRRNQ QDRNTQBDR EQDD ENQ TRD AX NSGDQ OQNFQ@LR RTBG @R SGD MDSVNQJ BNLLTMHB@SHNMR NSGDQ CH@FMNRHR SNNKR ETSTQD HLOKD LDMS@SHNM NE BNLOKHB@SDC @MC QDRNTQBD HMSDMRHUD @KFNQHSGLR 7F5 5GD QDRTKSR OQDRDMSDC HM SGHR BG@OSDQ @QD SGD NTSBNLD NE QDRD@QBG VHSGHM SGD EQ@LDVNQJ NE $)&. OQNIDBS <= 5GD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ HMRS@KK@SHNM RDQUDC @R NMD NE SGD &TQNOD@M SDRS OK@SENQLR ENQ L@MX CHEEDQDMS @OOQN@BGDR SN '%* 5GD .NCDK #THKCDQ RNESV@QD CHRBTRRDC HM 4DBSHNM G@R ADDM O@BJ@FDC @R @ SNNKANW 5# 5GD LNCDK HM 5# B@M AD QDMDC HMMHSDKX 7 9 @CCHMF MDV RDMRNQR NQ BG@MF HMF RDMRNQ OK@BDLDMSR 7F5 SN @BGHDUD SGD CDRHQDC KDUDKR NE HRNK@AHKHSX *S RHLTKS@ MDNTRKX OQNUHCDR @ ADG@UHNQ@K LNCDK HMBKTCHMF ONRRHAKD E@TKSR @MC KHMJDC VHSG SGD QDRHCT@K DPT@SHNMR 5GHR ADG@UHNQ@K LNCDK B@M SGDM AD RHLTK@SDC AX TRHMF U@QHNTR RNESV@QD <= 5GHR SNNKANW OK@XR @M HLONQS@MS QNKD HM SGD BNMBDOSHNM NE @M HMSD FQ@SDC RTODQUHRHNM OK@SENQL SGQNTFG NTS HSR KHED BXBKD 0MD HLONQS@MS BNMSQHATSHNM NE .NCDK#THKCDQ HR SG@S HS B@M FDMDQ@SD 9.- D9SDMCDC .@QJTO -@MFT@FD NTSOTS NE SGD QDRHCT@K DPT@SHNMR @MC SGD E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHW ENQ CHQDBS SQ@MRLHRRHNM SN NSGDQ RNESV@QD HM MDDC NE SGDRD %HEEDQDMS SNNKANWDR CDUDKNODC HM $)&. OQNIDBS OQNUHCD BNLOKDLDMS@QHSHDR HM @M@KXRHR 5GD BNLLTMHB@SHNM @MC HMSDQ@BSHNM @QBGHSDBSTQD ADSVDDM @ O@QS NE SGDRD HMSDFQ@SDC NODQ@SHNMR HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD 5# FDMDQ@SDR SGD OQNBDRR LNCDK RXLANKHB DWOQDRRHNMR ENQ QDRHCT@KR E@TKS RHF M@STQD L@SQHW @MC RDMCR SGDL SN NSGDQ HMSDQDRSDC SNNKANWDR @MC SN SGD OQNBDRR HMSDQ E@BD HM 9.- ENQL H;3 SGD $$0. RDQUDQ @M HMRS@MBD NE 9.- #K@RSDQ QTMMHMF TRHMF +@U@ QTMSHLD @MC BNLLTMHB@SHMF NUDQ MDSVNQJ SGQNTFG QDLNSD OQNBDCTQD B@KKR TR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
97 1@QS NE SGD HMSDFQ@SDC RTODQUHRHNM OK@SENQL
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
0MKHMD *LOKDLDMS@SHNM
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
#.A6C2 ;A2?3.02 #DRHCDR @KK SGDRD SNNKANWDR SGD OQNBDRR HMSDQE@BD @KRN BNMS@HMR @ M@SHUD HLOKDLDM S@SHNM SN CDSDBS @MC HRNK@SD E@TKSR 5GHR HLOKDLDMS@SHNM TRDR SGD DW@BS ENQL NE SGD QDRHCT@KR @MC SGD RDS NE E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHBDR ENQ U@QHNTR GXAQHC RS@SDR OQDRDMSDC HM 4DBSHNM *LOKDLDMSDC HM SGD '$5*/511 OQNFQ@L HS CDSDBSR @MC HRNK@SDR SGD E@TKSR HM SGD OQNBDRR @MC CHROK@XR SGDL HM SGD 1@MNQ@L@ RXMNORHR VHMCNV 5GD NTSOTS NE SGHR HLOKDLDMS@SHNM OQNUHCDR BNLOKDLDMS@QHSHDR VHSG NSGDQ SNNKANWDR @MC
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
HS G@R ADDM TRDC @R @ ADMBGL@QJ SN SDRS ODQENQL@MBD NE NSGDQ SNNKANWDR HM $)&. OQNIDBS 5GD M@SHUD HMSDQE@BD HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GHR HMSDQE@BD CHROK@XR OQNBDRR SGD RS@SD LD@RTQDLDMSR QDRHCT@KR @K@QLR @MC SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF E@TKSR 5GHR M@SHUD HMSDQE@BD B@M AD DWDBTSDC HM @MX QDLNSD BNLOTSDQ #DRHCDR LNMHSNQHMF SGDRD O@RR VNQC OQNSDBSDC BKHDMS OQNFQ@LR @KKNV RODBHB BG@MFDR SN OQNBDRR RDSONHMSR 5GD QDRTKSR OQDRDMSDC HM SGD ENKKNVHMF RDBSHNMR @QD NAS@HMDC AX TRHMF SGD M@SHUD HLOKD LDMS@SHNM
@
A
97 4TODQUHRHNM HMSDQE@BD 1 /@SHUD LNMHSNQHMF 2 3DLNSD RTODQUHRHNM
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ε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
&WODQHLDMS@K 7@KHC@SHNM NE '@TKS 4BDM@QHNR
KDUDK RDMRNQ E@HKTQD^ B@M AD HRRTDC AX SGD RTODQUHRHNM OK@SENQL *S B@M AD RDDM EQNL 'HFTQD @ SG@S CTQHMF NODQ@SHNMR NE SGD OTLO ?' SGD E@KK HM KDUDK $ HR @ MNQL@K OGDMNLDM@ @MC HS CNDR MNS @EEDBS SGD L@FMHSTCD NE QDRHCT@KR
@
A
97 %DSDBSHNM NE 1 E@RS S@MJ KD@J@FD @MC 2 BNLOKDSD ANHKDQ NTSOTS AKNBJ@FD
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η σ = 9= K= η σ
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
@
A
97 %DSDBSHNM NE RKNV S@MJ KD@J@FD 1 .NUHMF @UDQ@FD 2 $T4TL
5GD NTSOTS EQNL SGD HLOKDLDMS@SHNM NE SGD $T4TL @KFNQHSGL CTQHMF RL@KK KD@J @FD EQNL S@MJ HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD A 5GD @MC RXLANKR HM SGD FTQDR BNQQD RONMC QDRODBSHUDKX SN SGD ONRHSHUD @MC SGD MDF@SHUD BTLTK@SHUD RTLR NE SGD QDRHCT@K D VHSG ν 5GD RKNV KD@J@FD EQNL SGD S@MJ HR CDSDBSDC VGDM SGD ONRHSHUD RHCD 9 NE $T4TL HR GHFGDQ SG@M @ SGQDRGNKC :5 WDC EQNL DWODQHDMBD *M SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ @OOKHB@SHNM $T4TL @KFNQHSGL HR TRDC SN BNMRSQTBS SGD DKDLDMSR 5; NE SGD BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ BNQQDRONMCHMF SN @KK QDRHCT@KR SG@S BNMS@HM CDQHU@SHUDR NE LD@RTQDLDMSR 5GDRD QDRHCT@KR SGDHQ BNQQDRONMCHMF $T4TL SGQDRG NKCR :5; ENQ ;SG QDRHCT@K @MC SGD BGNRDM U@KTDR NE ν @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD *12<5 5GQDRGNKCR ENQ G+G? ν :5
D
D
D
D
D
D
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
&WODQHLDMS@K 7@KHC@SHNM NE '@TKS 4BDM@QHNR
97 %DSDBSHNM NE KD@J @FD EQNL SGD BNMCDMRDQ
NE QDRHCT@KR 5GD HRNK@SHNM OQNBDCTQDR @QD @BSHU@SDC @ESDQ R CDK@X EQNL SGD QRS HM RS@MS NE CDSDBSHNM SN FHUD DMNTFG SHLD ENQ NSGDQ QDRHCT@KR NQ SGDHQ BTLTK@SHUD RTLR SN QDDBS SGDHQ BNMRDPTDMS CXM@LHBR 5GHR CDK@X WDC SGQNTFG DWODQHDMBD NM SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OQNBDRR @UNHCR RL@KK ODQHNCR NE E@KRD CH@FMNRHR
(2;@
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
@
A
97 ( RDMRNQ E@TKS 1 /NQL@K CDSDBSHNM HM D @MC D 2 $T4TL CDSDBSHNM HM D
-HJDVHRD E@TKSR HM @KK NE SGD RDMRNQR B@M AD CDSDBSDC AX TRHMF RHLOKD SGQDRGNKC SDRSR NM SGD QDRHCT@KR @MC SGD SVNRHCDC BTLTK@SHUD RTLR &WBDOS ENQ E@TKS HM SGD RDMRNQ $ @KK NE SGD NSGDQ RDMRNQ E@TKSR B@M AD HRNK@SDC HM @KK GXAQHC BNMFTQ@SHNMR 8GDM SGDQD HR @ E@TKS HM RDMRNQ $ SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ G@R SVN HCDMSHB@K L@SBGDR HM SGD E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHW @MC @ MNMCDSDQLHMHRSHB V@QMHMF @R S@MJ E@TKS @MCNQ S@MJ KDUDK RDMRNQ E@TKS HR L@CD @R CDRBQHADC HM 4DBSHNM
0AB.A
97 %DSDBSHNM NE GD@SDQ E@TKS
&WODQHLDMS@K 7@KHC@SHNM NE '@TKS 4BDM@QHNR
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ε 5GD HMSDQLHSSDMS RL@KK ITLO HM 'HFTQD HR CTD SN _ R CDK@X ADSVDDM SGD BNLL@MC ?' RDMS AX SGD BNMSQNKKDQ @MC SGD DEEDBSHUD NODMHMF NQ BKNRHMF NE SGD U@KUDR . . @MC . 5GD E@KRD CDSDBSHNM B@TRDC AX SGHR CDK@X D ADBNLDR ENQ SGD CTQ@SHNM NE CDK@X HR @UNHCDC AX R LNUHMF @UDQ@FD @OOKHDC NM @KK SGD QDRHCT@KR 5GHR QDCTBDR SGD L@FMHSTCD NE QDRHCT@K D CTD SN SGD CDK@X SN ENQ R CDK@X 8GDM SGD CDK@X HR LNQD SG@M R DUDM SGD LNUHMF @UDQ@FD DWBDDCR SGD SGQDRGNKC 5GTR @MX CDK@X NE KDRR SG@M R HR BNMRHCDQDC MNQL@K *S HR HLONQS@MS SN MNSD SG@S HE SGD CXM@LHBR NE SGD U@KUDR @QD LNCDKDC @MC MDV QDRHCT@KR @BBNTMSHMF ENQ SGD CDK@XR QDRONMRD SHLD NE U@KUDR @QD HMSQNCTBDC DUDM SGDRD RL@KK CHRBQDO@MBHDR B@M AD DWOK@HMDC @MC CDSDBSDC
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
97 %DSDBSHNM NE BNM CDMRDQ KDUDK BNMSQNKKDQ E@TKS
(53?>7EB1D9?> 5GD QDBNMFTQ@SHNM RSQ@SDFHDR < = @QD @HLDC SN DMRTQD SGD BNMSHMTHSX NE SGD OQNBDRR NODQ@SHNM HM SGD OQDRDMBD NE E@TKSR 5GD L@SDQH@K QDCTMC@MBX NE RDMRNQR @MC RNLD BNLONMDMSR HM SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ OK@MS @KKNVR RTBG QDBNMFTQ@SHNMR 5GD E@TKS SNKDQ@MS OQDRRTQD BNMSQNK HM SGD ANHKDQ HR @M HLONQS@MS S@RJ EQNL SGD ONHMS NE UHDV NE R@EDSX 5GD V@SDQ HM SGD ANHKDQ HR GD@SDC @BBNQCHMF SN SGD OQDRRTQD HMRHCD HS LD@RTQDC AX SGD RDMRNQ ( "S SGD R@STQ@SHNM ONHMS NE SGD RSD@L SGDQD DWHRSR @ QDK@SHNM FHUDM AX SGD RSD@L S@AKDR ADSVDDM SGD OQDRRTQD ( @MC SGD SDLODQ@STQDR NE RSD@L @MC V@SDQ VGHBG @QD LD@RTQDC QDRODBSHUDKX AX , @MC , 4HMBD SGDRD SVN RDMRNQR @QD NMKX TRDC HM ** @MC ** HS HR D@RX SN HRNK@SD SGDHQ E@TKS *M SGD B@RD NE @ RHMFKD E@TKS VGDM ( LD@RTQDLDMS HR VQNMF SGD RDMRNQ , HR TRDC SN BNMSQNK SGD OQDRRTQD HM SGD ANHKDQ @MC @UNHCR RGTSSHMF CNVM NE SGD OQNBDRR 4HLHK@QKX HE ANSG ( @MC , @QD E@TKSX SGDM SGD OQDRRTQD HM SGD ANHKDQ B@M RSHKK AD BNMSQNKKDC AX SGD LD@RTQDLDMSR EQNL , 'NQ SGD RSD@L DWO@MRHNM RXRSDL SGD QDBNMFTQ@SHNM BNMBDQMR SGD BNMSQNK NE RSDL ONRHSHNM NE SGD U@KUD . @BBNQCHMF SN OQDRRTQD ( 4N HE ( RDMRNQ HR E@TKSX SGDM SGD BNMSQNK NE SGD U@KUD . B@M AD B@QQHDC NTS TRHMF DHSGDQ ( NQ ( ADB@TRD SVN NE SGDRD SGQDD RDMRNQR @QD QDCTMC@MS 5GD KDUDK HM SGD BNMCDMRDQ HR BNMSQNKKDC TRHMF SGD RDMRNQ $ 5GD RDMRNQ $ B@M AD TRDC HM @ RHST@SHNM VGDQD SGDQD HR @ E@TKS HM SGD RDMRNQ $ 5GD E@TKS HM SGD SGQDD CHRBG@QFD U@KUDR . . . ADSVDDM SGD BNMCDMRDQ @MC SGD S@MJ B@MMNS AD HRNK@SDC *E @ E@TKS HR CDSDBSDC HM SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF RTARO@BD NE SGD RSQTBSTQD SGD NODQ@ SNQ L@X L@MT@KKX @RBDQS@HM SG@S MNS @KK NE SGDL @QD E@TKSX RHLTKS@MDNTRKX @MC SGDM BNMSHMTD SN QTM SGD OQNBDRR HM @ CDFQ@CDC NODQ@SHMF LNCD VHSG SGD QDL@HMHMF NMDR 5GD RDSONHMSR ENQ SGD KDUDK @MC SGD BNMSQNK K@VR ENQ SGDRD U@KUDR B@M AD @LDMCDC HE CDDLDC MDBDRR@QX
3DBNMFTQ@SHNM
4HLHK@QKX SGD RDMRNQ $ LD@RTQDLDMSR B@M AD TRDC HM OQDRDMBD NE SGD E@TKS HM SGD $ KDUDK RDMRNQ 5GD E@TKS HM NMD NE SGD OTLOR HM NODQ@SHNM KD@CR SN HMBNQONQ@SHNM NE SGD NSGDQ OGXRHB@KKX QDCTMC@MS OTLO SN RTOOKX V@SDQ SN SGD ANHKDQ %HEEDQDMS NODQ@SHMF LNCDR NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ @QD ONRRHAKD @BBNQCHMF SN SGD MTLADQ NE RDMRNQR @MCNQ BNLONMDMSR E@HKDC SGD MNQL@K NODQ@SHMF LNCD VGHBG BNQ QDRONMCR SN SGD @U@HK@AHKHSX NE @KK RDMRNQR @MC BNLONMDMSR NE SGD OK@MS CHEEDQDMS CDFQ@CDC NODQ@SHMF LNCDR CDODMCHMF NM SGD E@TKSX RDMRNQR @MCNQ BNLONMDMSR @MC SGD RSNO NODQ@SHMF LNCD 8GDM SGD HMRSQTLDMS@SHNM NE SGD RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ CNDR MNS @KKNV SN QTM SGD OQNBDRR HM R@ED BNMCHSHNM SGD CDBHRHNM SN RSNO SGD OQNBDRR ENQ QD O@HQ @MC L@HMSDM@MBD G@R SN AD S@JDM "RRTLHMF @ CDFQ@CDC LNCD DWHRSR SGDQD @QD DHFGS ENQ SGQDD GXAQHC BNMSQNKKDQR CHEEDQDMS E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHBDR NE CHLDMRHNM B; C; ENQ D@BG NODQ@SHMF LNCD @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD B; @MC C; @QD SVN ONRHSHUD HMSDFDQR QDOQDRDMSHMF QDRODBSHUDKX SGD MTLADQ NE BNLON MDMSR @MC SGD MTLADQ NE QDRHCT@KR KNRS HM SG@S LNCD *M SGD B@RD NE MNQL@K NODQ@SHNM B; C;
97 .@M@FDLDMS NE NODQ@SHMF LNCDR
5GD SQ@MRHSHNM EQNL NMD LNCD SN @MNSGDQ CDODMCR NM SGD S@RJ SN AD @BGHDUDC @MC HSR BNQQDRONMCHMF RDS NE HMRSQTLDMS@SHNMR @U@HK@AKD "KK NE SGDRD QDBNMFTQ@SHNMR @QD CHQDBSKX @BGHDUDC AX TRHMF SGD U@QHNTR SNNKANWDR HM SGD RTODQUHRHNM RXRSDL 5GD BTQ QDMS NODQ@SHMF LNCD @MC DPTHOLDMS @U@HK@AHKHSX @QD RSNQDC HM %@S@.@M@FDQ 3D@CDQR L@X RDD < = ENQ @ GXAQHC CH@FMNRHR RBGDLD CDUDKNODC AX TRHMF 1DSQHMDS @MC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR )DQD SGD B@RD NE QDBNMFTQ@SHNM HM OQDRDMBD NE ( RDMRNQ E@TKS HR CHRBTRRDC 8GDM RDMRNQ , HR TRDC HMRSD@C NE RDMRNQ ( SGD QDCTMC@MBX QDK@SHNM FHUDM AX &PT@
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4SD@L (DMDQ@SNQ 1QNBDRR
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
81@D5B
917>?CD93 1>4 931EC1< ?>4 B1@8C 6?B
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8GDM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HR @RRHFMDC SN SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK TRHMF HMUDQRHNM NE SGD RDMRNQ B@TR@KHSHDR HE MDBDRR@QX SGD ENKKNVHMF UD BNLONRHSHNMR @QD ONRRHAKD
*MUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM SGD DEENQS RDMRNQ %D *MUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM SGD NV RDMRNQ %E /NMHMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM SGD DEENQS RDMRNQ %D /NMHMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM SGD NV RDMRNQ %E *MUDQRHNM NE RHFM@K RDMRNQ %R SN RHFM@K RNTQBD 4R @KV@XR HMUDQSDC
5GD B@TR@KHSHDR NE SGD NTSOTS ONQSR NE RDMRNQR VGHBG L@X AD BNMMDBSDC SN BNM SQNKKDQR @QD MNS HMUDQSDC 4DMRNQ NTSOTS ONQSR @QD BNMRHCDQDC HM RHFM@K CNL@HM @MC VD CN MNS DWSDMC SGD MNSHNM NE B@TR@KHSX SN SG@S CNL@HM -DS TR BNMRHCDQ SGD HMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM SGD DEENQS RDMRNQ %D "R OQNONRDC HM $G@OSDQ SGD NV HM SGD ANMC BNMMDBSDC SN SGHR RDMRNQ HR DPT@SDC SN YDQN 5GHR DKDLDMS HR SGDM QDOQDRDMSDC @R @M DEENQS RNTQBD LD@RTQDLDMSR EQNL QD@K OQNBDRR @MC SGD DWOQDRRHNM ENQ SGD RNTQBD KN@CHMF NV U@QH@AKD HR DPT@SDC SN YDQN 5GHR DWOQDRRHNM HR HMCDDC @ QDRHCT@K HS CNDR MNS HMUNKUD @MX RS@SDR ADB@TRD @KK RSNQ @FD DKDLDMSR @QD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC 8D TRD @ UHQST@K NV RDMRNQ VGHBG G@R NMKX BNLOTS@SHNM@K DWHRSDMBD SN LD@RTQD SGHR NTSOTS "KK UHQST@K RDMRNQR LD@RTQHMF QDRHCT@KR @QD QDOQDRDMSDC VHSG @ RTODQRBQHOS ? 7 9 %E 5GHR RTARSHSTSHNM HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
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97 1 %D HM ADG@UHNTQ@K LNCDK 2 *MUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM %D 3 4TARSHSTSDC QDOQDRDMS@ SHNM ENQ HMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM %D QDRTKSHMF HM SGD QDRHCT@K RDMRNQ %E
B A
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97 1 'KNV RDMRNQ %E HM HMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX 2 $NQ QDRONMCHMF RTARSHSTSHNM @MC QDRHCT@K RDMRNQ
@
A
97 1 &EENQS RDMRNQ %D HM MNMHMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX 2 $NQQDRONMCHMF RTARSHSTSHNM
@
A
'NQ SGD DEENQS RDMRNQ VGNRD B@TR@KHSX HR MNS HMUDQSDC 'HFTQD @ SGD U@KTD LD@RTQDC AX SGD RDMRNQ B@M AD CDSDQLHMDC EQNL SGD LD@RTQDLDMSR AX SGD NSGDQ RDMRNQR 5GTR SGD CHEEDQDMBD ADSVDDM SGD U@KTD NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD DWOQDRRHNM ENQ SGD DEENQS CDSDQLHMDC EQNL SGD NSGDQ RDMRNQR @MC SGD NMD LD@RTQDC AX SGD BNMBDQMDC RDMRNQ HR YDQN 5GHR FHUDR QHRD SN @ QDRHCT@K VGHBG VGDM QDOQDRDMSDC HM @ ANMC FQ@OG ENQL HR NARDQUDC AX SGD UHQST@K RDMRNQ RGNVM HM 'HFTQD A 5GD RTARSHSTSHNM ENQ SGD NV RDMRNQ VGNRD B@TR@KHSX HR MNS HMUDQSDC HR FHUDM AX SGD CT@K NE SGD RTARSHSTSHNM HM 'HFTQD A /NSD SG@S ENQ SGNRD RDMRNQR VGNRD B@TR@KHSHDR G@UD ADDM HMUDQSDC SGD BNQQDRONMC HMF QDRHCT@KR @QD NARDQUDC HM SGDHQ CT@K RDMRNQR VGDQD@R ENQ SGNRD RDMRNQR VGNRD B@TR@KHSHDR G@UD MNS ADDM HMUDQSDC SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF QDRHCT@KR @QD NARDQUDC HM RHL HK@Q RDMRNQR *M SGD RHFM@K CNL@HM SGD NTSOTSR NE SGD BNMSQNKKDQR @QD FDMDQ@KKX LD@RTQDC *M LNRS @OOKHB@SHNMR BNMSQNKKDQ @KFNQHSGLR @QD HLOKDLDMSDC HM SGD RTODQUHRHNM RNES V@QD 5GHR @KKNVR SGD ONRRHAHKHSHDR ENQ SGD E@TKS SNKDQ@MS BNMSQNK '5$ AX BG@MFHMF SGD BNMSQNK K@VR SN BNLODMR@SD ENQ SGD DQQNQR 5GD QDRHCT@KR ENQ SGD BNMSQNKKDQR @QD RHLOKD BNLO@QHRNMR NE SGD LD@RTQDC NTSOTSR @MC SGD OQDCHBSDC NTSOTSR 'NQ SGHR OTQ ONRD D@BG RHFM@K RDMRNQ %R HR @KV@XR BNMUDQSDC SN @ RHFM@K RNTQBD 4R @MC SGD QDRHCT@K HR NAS@HMDC AX RHLOKD BNLO@QHRNM @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
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A
97 1 4HFM@K RDMRNQ %R 2 4TARSHSTSHNM ENQ HMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX HM RHFM@K RDMRNQ
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A
97 1 " SVNS@MJ RXRSDL @MC 2 HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
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97 %#( LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
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97 " BNMSQNKKDC SGQDDS@MJ RXRSDL
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%H@FMNRSHB #NMC (Q@OG
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VGDQD λ @MC λ @QD SVN O@Q@LDSDQR @MC ∆ ( HR SGD OQDRRTQD F@HM @BQNRR SGD OTLO 0AUHNTRKX λ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
4HLTK@SHNM @MC 3D@K 5HLD *LOKDLDMS@SHNM NE SGD 3DRHCT@KR
*12<5 1@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR ENQ SGD SGQDDS@MJ RXRSDL 1@Q@LDSDQ 6 6 6 6 λ λ : $E E #B #; ρ 9
%DRBQHOSHNM $QNRRRDBSHNM@K @QD@ NE S@MJ 5 $QNRRRDBSHNM@K @QD@ NE S@MJ 5 $QNRRRDBSHNM@K @QD@ NE S@MJ 5 $NDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE OHOD $NDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE U@KUD 7 $NDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE U@KUD 7 $NDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE U@KUD 7 1TLO O@Q@LDSDQ 1TLO O@Q@LDSDQ -DMFSG NE SGD OHOD -DUDK RDSONHMS ENQ 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ 'KNV RDSONHMS ENQ 1* BNMSQNKKDQ 1QNONQSHNM@K F@HM NE 1* BNMSQNKKDQ *MSDFQ@K F@HM NE 1* BNMSQNKKDQ %DMRHSX NE SGD THC (Q@UHSX
7@KTD
6MHS L L L JF L JF L JF L JF L LR JFR L L JFR
JF L LR
97 5HLD QDRONMRD NE SGD SGQDDS@MJ RXRSDL
*12<5 3DRHCT@K SGQDRGNKCR ε ε ε ε
ε
5VN E@TKS RBDM@QHNR G@UD ADDM RHLTK@SDC *M SGD QRS B@RD @ KD@J@FD EQNL SGD LHCCKD S@MJ 5 G@R ADDM RHLTK@SDC CTQHMF @ R SHLD HMSDQU@K EQNL _ R /NSD SG@S S@MJ 5 CNDR MNS BNMS@HM @MX RDMRNQR 5GD QDRONMRD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD QDUD@KR SG@S QDRHCT@KR D @MC D @QD RDMRHSHUD SN SGHR E@TKS 5GHR QDRTKS
%H@FMNRSHB @MC #HB@TR@K #NMC (Q@OGR ENQ '%*
97 3DRONMRD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR SN KD@J@FD HM S@MJ 5
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
5GD *MHSH@K $NMCHSHNMR 1QNAKDL
97 3DRONMRD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR SN AKNBJ@FD NE U@KUD 7
/NSD SG@S RNLD E@TKSR HM SGD SGQDDS@MJ RXRSDL BNTKC AD CDSDBSDC EQNL SGD QD RONMRD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR D @MC D VGHBG VNTKC MNS AD NSGDQVHRD @U@HK@AKD ADB@TRD SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF "33R B@MMNS AD NAS@HMDC HM SGD RXLANKHB ENQL .NQDNUDQ VGDM RNLD E@TKSR @QD MNS TMHPTDKX HRNK@SDC CTD SN K@BJ NE RTEBHDMS MTLADQ NE RDMRNQR SGDX @QD CDSDBSDC @MC @ E@TKS RTARO@BD BNMS@HMHMF E@TKS B@MCHC@SDR HR HRNK@SDC VGHBG HM STQM GDKOR SN B@QQX NTS PTHBJ L@HMSDM@MBD VNQJ
*85 >9D91< ?>49D9?>C &B?2<5= *S HR MNS @M @ARNKTSD MDBDRRHSX SN HMUDQS B@TR@KHSHDR NE @KK MNMG@QCV@QD QDCTMC@MS RDMRNQR SN CDQHUD "33R *M E@BS RTBG HMUDQRHNMR NESDM KD@C SN ENQL@SHNM NE B@TR@K
%H@FMNRSHB @MC #HB@TR@K #NMC (Q@OGR ENQ '%*
@MCNQ @KFDAQ@HB KNNOR HM SGD LNCDK VGHBG MDDC SN AD @UNHCDC "KK "33R ENQ RNLD TMCDQ CDSDQLHMDC RTARO@BD NE SGD FQ@OG HM VGHBG @ EDV TMJMNVM U@QH@AKDR B@MMNS AD DKHLHM@SDC CTD SN KNNOR B@MMNS AD NAS@HMDC )NVDUDQ SGD LDSGNC CDUDKNODC HM SGD OQDUHNTR RDBSHNM VNTKC CHQDBSKX NAS@HM RNLD QDRHCT@KR TRHMF MTLDQHB@K RNKT SHNMR SGTR AXO@RRHMF SGD MDDC SN CDQHUD "33R '@TKS RHFM@STQDR ENQ RTBG RXRSDLR @QD TRT@KKX NAS@HMDC EQNL B@TR@K O@SGR 5GD A@RHB QDPTHQDLDMS ENQ "33 CDQHU@SHNM HR SN CDBNTOKD SGD NARDQU@AKD RTARO@BD NE SGD FQ@OG EQNL SGD TMNARDQU@AKD RTARO@BD HE @MX 5N CN SG@S @ LHMHLTL RDS NE RDMRNQ B@TR@KHSHDR LTRS AD HMUDQSDC GNVDUDQ SGDQD HR MN G@QL HM DWBDDCHMF SGHR KHLHS @R KNMF @R HS CNDR MNS KD@C SN ENQL@SHNM NE HQQDRNKU@AKD KNNOR 5GHR LD@MR SG@S @KK B@TR@K O@SGR LTRS RS@QS EQNL SGD JMNVM NTSDQ UDQSHBDR @MC SDQLHM@SD @S UHQST@K QDRHCT@K RDMRNQR ; 7 SGDX RGNTKC MNS FDS HMSN @ MDUDQ DMCHMF KNNO RNLDVGDQD HM SGD NARDQU@AKD RTARO@BD 'NQ BDQS@HM RXRSDLR VGDM SGHR BNMCHSHNM G@R SN AD ETKKKDC NMD B@MMNS @RRHFM CDRHQDC B@TR@KHSHDR HM SGD LNCDK 7 9 CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSHDR SN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @MC OQDEDQQDC B@TR@KHSHDR SN MNMKHMD@Q DKDLDMSR KHJD MNMHMUDQSHAKD 3DKCR *M SGHR RDBSHNM VD BNMRHCDQ GNV SN CDQHUD "33R VGDM RNLD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX @MC ADB@TRD NE SG@S SGD "33R CD QHUDC ADBNLD RDMRHSHUD SN HMHSH@K BNMCHSHNMR $NMRHCDQ SGD ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL @MC HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK RGNVM HM 'HFTQDR @A QDRODBSHUDKX
@
A
B
97 4HMFKDCDFQDDNEEQDDCNL RXRSDL @MC HSR #( LNCDK
8GDM VD @RRHFM OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX SN RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD B VD MC SG@S SGD RDMRNQ B@TR@KHSX B@MMNS AD HMUDQSDC 5GTR SGD RDMRNQ CNDR MNS ADBNLD SGD NTSDQ UDQSDW NE SGD RXRSDL .NQDNUDQ SGD LNCDK HM 'HFTQD B G@R @ CHEEDQDMSH@K KNNO ADSVDDM SGD * @MC $ DKDLDMSR VGHBG LD@MR HSR DPT@SHNMR B@MMNS AD CDQHUDC 5GDQDENQD KDS TR SQX SN MC NTS SGD "33R VHSGNTS HMUDQSHMF SGD RDMRNQ B@TR@KHSHDR ; 7 EQNL SGD LNCDK HM 'HFTQD A
5GD *MHSH@K $NMCHSHNMR 1QNAKDL
7 F 7 ?E 8 7 * 8 8 8
8 8
8 8
8 NQ ? 8 8
7 7 7 7
8
E7 #
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
97 %#( NE RHMFKD CDFQDDNEEQDDCNL RXRSDL
%DQHUHMF SGD "33 DPT@SHNM 7 VD NAS@HM "33 F ?
6? 8 *? 8 # 6F
-
? 8 6F
%H@FMNRSHB @MC #HB@TR@K #NMC (Q@OGR ENQ '%*
5GHR "33 HR RDMRHSHUD SN HMHSH@K BNMCHSHNMR CTD SN SGD HMSDFQ@SHNM @MC SGTR HS B@MMNS AD TRDC ENQ QD@KSHLD OQNBDRR RTODQUHRHNM 5GDQDENQD VD S@JD @ SHLD CDQHU@ SHUD @MC NAS@HM "33
6 ? 8 6? 8 6 F ? #? 8 * 6F 6F 6F
$?12? <3 EA?. 2?6C.A6C2@ 5GD DWSQ@ CDQHU@SHUD V@R MDBDRR@QX CTD SN SGD HMUNKUDLDMS NE SDQLR EQNL @M HMSD FQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS $ 5N CDSDQLHMD GNV L@MX NQCDQR NE CDQHU@SHUDR RGNTKC AD S@JDM NMD L@X ENKKNV SGHR RHLOKD OQNBDCTQD $GDBJ @KK CHEEDQDMS B@TR@K O@SGR SN @ QDRHCT@K RDMRNQ "RRHFM @M NQCDQ BNTMSDQ SN D@BG B@TR@K O@SG 5GD NQCDQ NE SGD O@SG A > ? VGDQD > @MC ? @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD MTLADQ NE HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC @MC CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM SG@S B@TR@K O@SG *E SGDQD @QD L MTLADQ NE B@TR@K O@SGR SN ;SG QDRHCT@K RDMRNQ KDS @; L@W A < < L VGDQD A < HR SGD NQCDQ @RRNBH@SDC VHSG <SG B@TR@K O@SG 'NQ ;SG "33 SN AD HMRDMRHSHUD SN HMHSH@K BNMCHSHNMR @; *E @; SGDM @S KD@RS @; MTLADQ NE CDQHU@SHUDR @QD SN AD @OOKHDC NM SG@S "33 .NQD CDQHU@SHUDR VHKK RDQUD MN OTQONRD ADB@TRD SGDX VHKK KD@C SN OQNAKDLR HM HLOKDLDMSHMF SGD CDBHRHNM OQNBDCTQD 5GTR SGD OQNODQ %#( QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL RGNTKC AD @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 &WSDMCDC %#( NE RHMFKDCDFQDDNEEQDDCNL RXRSDL
-DS TR BNMRHCDQ @ RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ *M SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM 'HF TQD A SGDQD HR MN V@X SN @RRHFM OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSHDR SN SGD SVN RSNQ @FD DKDLDMSR @S SGD LNRS NMD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMS B@M AD @RRHFMDC CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX 5GDQDENQD SGD RXRSDL HR TMNARDQU@AKD 'TQSGDQLNQD SGD LNCDK BNMS@HMR @ CHEEDQDM SH@K @KFDAQ@HB KNNO @MC SGD RDMRNQ HR MNS SGD NTSDQ UDQSDW VGHBG LD@MR "33 B@MMNS AD CDQHUDC ENQ SGD RXRSDL
)NVDUDQ VGDM VD HLONRD RDMRNQ @R @M NTSDQ UDQSDW ANSG SGD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @BPTHQD HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ 5GTR AX @M@KXYHMF SGD B@TR@K
5GD *MHSH@K $NMCHSHNMR 1QNAKDL
@
A
97 5VNS@MJ RXRSDL VHSG @ NV RDMRNQ @MC HSR LNCDK
O@SGR SN SGD QDRHCT@K RDMRNQ HM 'HFTQD A SGD M@K UDQRHNM NE %#( HR NAS@HMDC HM 'HFTQD B
@ #@RD LNCDK
A %#(
B &WSDMCDC %#( 97 $NMRSQTBSHNM NE DWSDMCDC %#( NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL EQNL SGD A@RD LNCDK
5GD "33 ENQ SGD RXRSDL NAS@HMDC EQNL 'HFTQD B HR FHUDM AX 6? 8 ?8 ) B ? 8 "33 , 6F , , 6
%H@FMNRSHB @MC #HB@TR@K #NMC (Q@OGR ENQ '%*
5GD @ANUD "33 ADBNLDR RHMFTK@Q VGDM SGD U@KUD HR BKNRDC 5GTR AX LTKSHOKXHMF 6 SN ANSG RHCDR NE SGD DPT@SHNM VD NAS@HM "33
6 6? 8 ? 8 6 ) B ? 8 , 6F , ,
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
.B9A (02;.?6< (6:B9.A6<; 5GD CDUDKNOLDMS NE @M HMSDFQ@SDC RHLTK@SHNM LNCDK ENQ SDRSHMF QDRHCT@K RDMRHSHUHSX HMUNKUDR BNTOKHMF NE SGD ADG@UHNQ@K @MC SGD CH@FMNRSHB LNCDKR 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF BNTOKDC LNCDK SN DU@KT@SD SGD "33 FDMDQ@SDC HM &PT@SHNM HR FHUDM HM 'HF TQD HM VGHBG C@RGDC KHMDR RDO@Q@SD SGD ENTQ CHEEDQDMS YNMDR @MC SGD DWSQ@ CDQHU @SHUD HR @CCDC ADENQD SGD QDRHCT@K RHMJ /NV NMD L@X @RJ GNV SN @RRHFM B@TR@KHSHDR RTBG SG@S SGD RHMFTK@QHSX HM "33R &PT@SHNM HR @TSNL@SHB@KKX @UNHCDC *M SGHR B@RD HS LD@MR @RRHFMHMF BNMCTB SHUD B@TR@KHSX SN SGD 3DKDLDMS ENQ SGD U@KUD @MC XDS ADHMF @AKD SN SDQLHM@SD B@TR@K O@SGR @S UHQST@K QDRHCT@K RDMRNQR RTBG SG@S "33R B@M AD CDQHUDC 6MENQSTM@SDKX SG@S HR MNS ONRRHAKD HM @ BK@RRHB@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 5GHR HR ADB@TRD VGDM B@TR@KHSX HM @ ANMC HR BGNRDM ENQ NMD ONVDQ U@QH@AKD χ 7 8 SGDM SGD B@TR@KHSX NE SGD BNLOKH LDMS@QX U@QH@AKD χ 7 8 χ HR @TSNL@SHB@KKX @RRHFMDC ENQ SG@S ANMC 8D B@MMNS HMCDODMCDMSKX @RRHFM SGDRD B@TR@KHSHDR HM @ ANMC FQ@OG )NVDUDQ DW@BSKX SGD R@LD BNMCHSHNM HR MDBDRR@QX HM O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM @KFNQHSGLR @MC @KRN HM RXRSDL HMUDQ RHNM 5GHR OQNAKDL LNSHU@SDR TR SN TRD SGD AHB@TR@KHSX MNS@SHNM VGHBG HR CHRBTRRDC HM SGD ENKKNVHMF RDBSHNM
#1D389>7 &B?2<5=C 9> <1CC931< ?>4 B1@8 #?45<9>7 *M '%* LNCDKR SGD LD@RTQDC PT@MSHSX HR HLONRDC NM SGD RXRSDL @R @ ORDTCNRNTQBD OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX HR TRDC HM RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @MC SGD QD@BSHUD E@BSNQR NE ONVDQ EQNL SGD ORDTCNRNTQBDR @QD DPT@SDC SN YDQN 5GDRD QD@BSHUD E@BSNQR @QD SGD "33R HE SGDX @QD VQHSSDM HM RXLANKHB ENQL *M RNLD NSGDQ MNS@SHNM RDMRNQR @QD MNS BNMUDQSDC HMSN RNTQBDR ATS QDS@HMDC @R SGDX @QD @MC HMRSD@C SGD B@TR@KHSHDR NE SGD RDMRNQR @QD HMUDQSDC
.@SBGHMF 1QNAKDLR HM $K@RRHB@K #NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF
97 $NTOKDC ADG@UHNQ@K @MC CH@FMNRSHB ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
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
%H@FMNRSHB @MC #HB@TR@K #NMC (Q@OGR ENQ '%*
97 4BGDL@SHB ENQBD UDKNBHSX BG@Q@BSDQHRSHBR ENQ CQX EQHBSHNM
@
A
B
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE @ BNMSQNKKDC U@KUD VHSG CHEEDQDMS RDMRNQ B@TR@KHSHDR
*M SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK SGD 3DKDLDMS QDOQDRDMSR SGD CHRRHO@SHNM NEEDQDC AX SGD U@KUD VGHBG HR LNCTK@SDC AX @ BNMSQNK RHFM@K G 5GD CNSSDC KHMDR QDOQDRDMS ONRRHAKD HMRSQTLDMS@SHNMR RDMRNQ %E SN LD@RTQD NV SGQNTFG SGD U@KUD @MC %D ∆ ( SN LD@RTQD CHEEDQDMSH@K OQDRRTQD @BQNRR SGD U@KUD 5GD 3DKDLDMS G@R SN AD @RRHFMDC BNMCTBSHUD B@TR@KHSX VGDM %D DKDLDMS B@TR@KHSX HR HMUDQSDC ; 7 ∆ ( HR S@JDM @R SGD RS@QSHMF MNCD 'HFTQD A VGDQD@R SGD 3DKDLDMS G@R SN AD @RRHFMDC QDRHRSHUD B@TR@KHSX VGDM %E DKDLDMS B@TR@KHSX HR HMUDQSDC ; 7 HR S@JDM @R SGD RS@QSHMF MNCD 'HFTQD B "RRTLHMF SG@S G @MC ∆ ( @QD JMNVM @R RGNVM HM ANMC FQ@OG @MC AKNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNMR HM 'HFTQD @ SGD NV SGQNTFG SGD U@KUD B@M AD CDSDQLHMDC EQNL 1 6 $∆ ($E;9@∆ (φ G
*M @MNSGDQ B@RD RTOONRHMF SG@S SGD NV SGQNTFG SGD U@KUD @MC G @QD JMNVM @R RGNVM HM ANMC FQ@OG @MC AKNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNMR HM 'HFTQD A SGD OQDRRTQD CQNO @BQNRR SGD U@KUD B@M AD CDSDQLHMDC @R
.@SBGHMF 1QNAKDLR HM $K@RRHB@K #NMC (Q@OG .NCDKHMF
@
A
B 97 #NMC FQ@OG B@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS @MC BNQQDRONMCHMF AKNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD BNMSQNKKDC U@KUD ENQ CDSDQLHM@SHNM NE NV 1 OQDRRTQD CQNO 2 @MC BNMSQNK BNLL@MC 3
∆(
6 φ G
E;9@
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97 *MENQL@SHNM DW BG@MFD HM AHB@TR@KKDC ANMCR
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97 #HB@TR@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE @ BNMSQNKKDC SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
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
*@2? (2920A21 $=2?.A6;4 "<12 *($" "R CHRBTRRDC OQDUHNTRKX HM NQCDQ SN @UNHC RHLTKS@MDNTR @SSDLOSR @S ODQENQLHMF HM BNLO@SHAKD RDQUHBDR AX SGD RXRSDL HMHSH@KHY@SHNM @MC OQNCTBSHNM RDQUHBDR ENQ DW @LOKD SGD RDS NE RDQUHBDR HR NQF@MHYDC HMSN BNGDQDMS RTARDSR B@KKDC 640.R &@BG 640. BNMS@HMR @S KD@RS NMD RDQUHBD @MC D@BG RDQUHBD ADKNMFR SN @S KD@RS NMD 640. "S @MX FHUDM SHLD @MC @BBNQCHMF SN SGD SDBGMHB@K RODBHB@SHNMR @ RXRSDL B@QQHDR NTS @ BNGDQDMS RTARDS NE LHRRHNMR &@BG NE SGDRD RTARDSR HR B@KKDC @M NODQ@SHMF LNCD &@BG 640.; B@M AD @RRNBH@SDC SN @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK MNSDC .#(; VGDQD ; HR @M HMCDW ENQ SGD NODQ@SHMF LNCD
&WSDQM@K .NCDK
640.; .#(;
640.R @QD FHUDM AX @ FDMDQ@K BK@RRHB@SHNM NE SGD NODQ@SHMF LNCDR NE HMCTRSQH@K CDUHBDR NEENODQ@SHNM BNMFTQ@SHNM L@MT@K NQ @TSNL@SHB LNCD MNLHM@K QDFHLD RS@QSHMF LNCD 7F5 "M @TSNL@SNM SN BG@MFD SGD TRDQ NODQ@SHMF LNCDR RODBHDR SGD 640. HMHSH@K 640. @MC SGD NSGDQR @MC SGD BNMCHSHNMR SN BG@MFD EQNL NMD 640. SN @MNSGDQ 'QNL SGHR CDRBQHOSHNM @ ENQL@K RODBHB@SHNM NE SGD HMSDKKHFDMS DPTHOLDMS B@M AD NAS@HMDC .7DE;A@E A8 E7DH;57E "BBNQCHMF SN SGD QDRNTQBD RS@SDR CDBHCDC AX SGD RTODQUHRHNM NE SGD OQNBDRR RDUDQ@K UDQRHNMR . NE SGD RDQUHBDR MNLHM@K @MC CDFQ@CDC L@X AD CDRHFMDC "R @M DW @LOKD HE SGD RDS NE RDQUHBDR RDS NE ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR HR Z+ + + +@ [ @MC Z. . . .@ [ HR SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF RDS NE UDQRHNMR SGDM SGD QTMMHMF NODQ@SHMF LNCD HR QDOQDRDMSDC @R .#( + . + . +@ .@ !
$=2?.A6;4 "<12 ".;.42:2;A "S @MX FHUDM SHLD SGD OQNBDRR NQ SGD DPTHOLDMS QTMR HM @ MNLHM@K NODQ@SHMF LNCD QDOQDRDMSDC AX SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK -DS .#( AD SGD RDS NE SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR @MC .#( < AD SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK BNQQDRONMCHMF SN SGD <SG NODQ@SHMF LNCD @MC @ AD SGD SNS@K MTLADQ NE SGD NODQ@SHMF LNCDR .#( .#( .#( .#(> .#(@ !
-DS 4 AD SGD RDS NE SQ@MRHSHNMR 4 4; <
VGDQD 4; < HMCHB@SDR SGD QDPTHQDC BNMCHSHNM SN LNUD EQNL .#(; SN .#( < 5GD SQ@M RHSHNM BNMCHSHNM HR QDOQDRDMSDC AX SGD #NNKD@M U@QH@AKD 4; < ! *S HR BNMRHCDQDC SG@S @KK LNCD BG@MFD BNMCHSHNMR MNSDC ? @QD BNQQDBSKX CDMDC ; 7 .#(; ; @ .#( < RTBG SG@S 4; < ? @MC 4; < 5GD QTMMHMF NODQ@SHMF LNCD B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC @R . <; E .#( < E < . < E < . < E <;
"BST@SNQ @MC 4DMRNQ 1K@BDLDMS ENQ 3DBNMFTQ@SHNM
VGDQD ? HR SGD MTLADQ NE RDQUHBDR ETMBSHNMR NEEDQDC AX SGD RXRSDL SN @BBNLOKHRG SGD FHUDM NODQ@SHMF LNCD LHRRHNM @RRNBH@SDC SN SGD .#( < @MC = HR SGD MTLADQ NE ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR MDBDRR@QX ENQ SGD OGXRHB@K ODQENQL@MBD NE SGD ;SG RDQUHBD &@BG 640. NQ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK .#( < BNMS@HMR @S KD@RS NMD RDQUHBD ; 7 NMD ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMS NSGDQVHRD SGD OGXRHB@K OQNBDRR CNDR MNS DWHRS *M E@BS SGD 640. R NQF@MHY@SHNM B@M AD CDRBQHADC @R @ CDSDQLHMHRSHB @TSNL@ SNM -DS .#( 4? ! AD SGD 640. FQ@OG *S B@M AD RDDM @R @ CDSDQLHMHRSHB SQ@MRHSHNM HE .#(; .#( 4; < ? @S SGD LNRS NMD SQ@MRHSHNM VHSG .#(; @R NQHFHM LNCD @MC 4; < @R K@ADK .#( HR SGD RDS NE ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR 5GD RDSR NE SGD 640.R @MC SGD SQ@MRHSHNM BNMCHSHNMR B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 640. FQ@OG HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG RDMRD
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97 %"."%*$4 RL@QS @BST@SNQ U@KUD
5GD BNMSQNK U@KUD VGHBG B@M AD @ CHRJ A@KK NQ OKTF BNQQDBSR SGD NV HM SGD OHOD SN L@HMS@HM @ CDRHQDC NV RDSONHMS 5GD CQHUHMF ENQBD NE SGD THC HR SGD CHEEDQDMBD ADSVDDM SGD TORSQD@L OQDRRTQD +7 ( @MC SGD CNVMRSQD@L OQDRRTQD
"BST@SNQ @MC 4DMRNQ 1K@BDLDMS ENQ 3DBNMFTQ@SHNM
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
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 <3 A52 (:.?A 0AB.A
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4L@QS 1MDTL@SHB 7@KUD
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE RL@QS U@KUD HM MNQL@K NODQ@SHMF LNCD
5GD BNLOQDRRHAHKHSX DEEDBS @MC SGD @HQ L@RR RSNQ@FD HM SGD OMDTL@SHB BG@LADQ @QD LNCDKDC AX SGD SVNONQS $DKC 5 5GHR LTKSHONQS @KKNVR SN B@KBTK@SD SGD OQDRRTQD VGHBG CDODMCR NM SGD L@RR UNKTLD NE @HQ @MCSGD . @ ( @ @ VGHBG KD@CR SN (. (. ( . ( / 0 ? ρ . ρ. @(
VGDQD @ HR SGD ONKXSQNOHB HMCDW ρ HR SGD THC CDMRHSX @MC . HR SGD UNKTLD NE SGD BNKK@ORHAKD BG@LADQ VGHBG HR U@QH@AKD 5GHR $DKC G@R BNMRDPTDMSKX NMD ( ? ONQS @MC NMD ( . ONQS 5GHR HLOKHDR SG@S SGD SNS@K DMDQFX CDODMCR NM ? @MC . 5GD ANMC FQ@OG NE SGHR DKDLDMS QDOQDRDMSR @ RNOGHRSHB@SDC UDQRHNM NE LNCDKR NE BNL OQDRRHAHKHSX DEEDBSR HM @HQ RDQUNLDBG@MHRL HM VGHBG SGD UNKTLD HR U@QH@AKD *M SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK 'HFTQD SGD ANMC MTLADQ LNCDKR SGD RSNQ@FD NE L@RR @MC SGD ANMC MTLADQ LNCDKR SGD RSNQ@FD NE UNKTLD 5GD OQDRRTQD HR SGD R@LD HM ANSG SGDRD ANMCR ( ( 5GD BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM ENQ SGD 5 DKC HR FHUDM AX , ( # #ρ 3 ?6F , ( # #ρ 3 . 6F
"BST@SNQ @MC 4DMRNQ 1K@BDLDMS ENQ 3DBNMFTQ@SHNM
0 / ρ 3 . VGDQD ρ 3 HR SGD @HQ CDMRHSX @MC # @( *M HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX SGD DEENQS U@QH@AKD OQDRRTQD HR B@KBTK@SDC AX SGD BNMRDQU@ SHNM QTKDR @S SGD ] ^ ITMBSHNM @MC SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM NE SGD 5 DKC 7
-
@7 8 ρ 3 8 6F 7 ρ 3.
5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF AKNBJ CH@FQ@L ENQ @ NQ @M HRNSGDQL@K B@RD HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD
97 #NMC FQ@OG @MC AKNBJ CH@FQ@L LNCDK NE 5 DKC
5GD SQ@MRENQL@SHNM NE SGD OMDTL@SHB DMDQFX HMSN LDBG@MHB@K DMDQFX VGHBG KD@CR SN SGD RDQUNLNSNQ R RSDL CHROK@BDLDMS HR LNCDKDC AX SGD SQ@MRENQLDQ 5' VGNRD LNCTKTR 7 HR SGD BQNRRRDBSHNM@K @QD@ NE SGD CH@OGQ@FL 5GD CXM@LHBR NE SGD RDQUNLNSNQ R RSDL HR LNCDKDC AX SGD BNMRDQU@SHNM NE DMDQFX QDOQDRDMSDC @S SGD ] ITMBSHNM^ KHMJDC SN SGD 3 $ @MC * DKDLDMSR ! % #H #E #6 +7 %9 H5 @MC B @BBNTMS QDRODBSHUDKX ENQ SGD HMDQSH@ CTD SN SGD L@RR NE SGD RSDL SGD ENQBD CTD SN SGD EQHBSHNM <= SGD ENQBD CTD SN SGD RSHEEMDRR NE SGD ROQHMF SGD ENQBD CTD SN SGD DK@RSHBHSX NE SGD CH@OGQ@FL SGD FQ@UHSX SGD H7@3 5A@FD35F3 ENQBD VGHBG CDODMCR NM SGD OQDRRTQD NE SGD BNMSQNKKDC THC CH@LDSDQ NE SGD OKTF 7F5 @MC SGD @BSHUD ENQBD 5GD NV SGQNTFG SGD BNMSQNK U@KUD HR LNCDKDC AX SGD LNCTK@SDC 3DKDLDMS * *H@ 5GD QDRHRS@MBD U@KTD NE * *H@ HR SGD BNDEBHDMS NE GXCQ@TKHB KNRRDR VGHBG CDODMCR NM SGD RSDL ONRHSHNM J VGHBG HR CDMDC @R ENKKNVR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4L@QS 1MDTL@SHB 7@KUD
J 1NRHSHNMDQ H # BH>D7 8 π @QBRHM HE H -NFHB AKNBJ 4 NSGDQVHRD @MC 4b 4
"6@@6<;@ .;1 +2?@6<;@ #@RDC NM SGD NAIDBSHUDR WDC AX SGD SDBGMHB@K RODBHB@SHNMR ENQ SGD @BST@SNQ @ MNM DWG@TRSHUD KHRS NE LHRRHNMR @MC @RRNBH@SDC RDQUHBDR ; 7 ANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR HR CD MDC HM 5@AKD *12<5 /TLADQ
-HRS NE LHRRHNMR @MC RDQUHBDR ENQ SGD RL@QS @BST@SNQ .HRRHNMR 5N RTOOKX SGD OMDTL@SHB BG@LADQ VHSG @HQ OQDRRTQD 5N RSNQD SGD @HQ HM SGD OMDTL@SHB BG@LADQ 5N SQ@MRENQL OMDTL@SHB DMDQFX HMSN LDBG@MHB@K 5N OQNUHCD @ LNSHNM NE RDQUNLNSNQ RSD@L 5N BNMSQNK SGD RDQUNLNSNQ RSD@L ONRHSHNM 5N BNMSQNK SGD NV NE SGD THC 5N OQNUHCD @ THC HM SGD OHOD 5N LD@RTQD SGD OQDRRTQD HM SGD OMDTL@SHB BG@LADQ 5N LD@RTQD SGD HMKDS OQDRRTQD HM SGD OHOD 5N LD@RTQD SGD NTSKDS OQDRRTQD HM SGD OHOD 5N LD@RTQD SGD RDQUNLNSNQ RSDL ONRHSHNM 5N LD@RTQD SGD BNMSQNK U@KUD NV 5N L@HMS@HM DPTHOLDMS
#( DKDLDMSR +7 H * HE * H7 +7 5 , , #6 #E * #H 8 1NRHSHNMDQ 8 1NRHSHNMDQ +7 * *H@ 7 7 7 8 8
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97 0ODQ@SHMF LNCD L@M@FDLDMS NE SGD RL@QS U@KUD
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
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ 4L@QS 1MDTL@SHB 7@KUD
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE RL@QS U@KUD HM B@UHS@SHNM LNCD
97 7@KUD NV BG@Q@BSDQ HRSHBR @MC NV BGNJHMF
SGD OMDTL@SHB BG@LADQ LNCDKDC AX SGD SVN ONQS 5 DKC HR MNS @U@HK@AKD ADB@TRD NE @ KD@J@FD 5GTR @BBNQCHMF SN 'HFTQD SGD SQ@MRHSHNM SN 640. .#( NQ .#( VHKK AD QDIDBSDC RHMBD RDQUHBD ADKNMFR SN ANSG SGDRD NODQ@SHMF LNCDR NMKX SGD SQ@MRHSHNM SN .#( VHKK AD @KKNVDC 5GD @K@QL FDMDQ@SHNM HM SGD RL@QS @BST@SNQ R '%* RXRSDL HR CDUDKNODC HM SGD MDWS RDBSHNM
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3DRHCT@KR @MC 3NATRSMDRR
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*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
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VGDQD RTARBQHOS = RS@MCR ENQ =SG R@LOKD ψ F= @MC φ F= @QD SHLD U@QXHMF BNDE BHDMSR LNCHEXHMF SGD LD@M @MC SGD RS@MC@QC CDUH@SHNM QDRODBSHUDKX G= HR SGD HMOTS F= HR SGD SHLD @MC L HR @ BNDEBHDMS QDK@SDC SN SGD BNMCDMBD KDUDK <= 5GD LD@M @MC SGD RS@MC@QC CDQHU@SHNMR NE SGD QDRHCT@K η G= @MC σ G= QDRODBSHUDKX @QD DW OQDRRDC @R η G= δ η; G= λ η; σ G= δ σ ; G= λ σ ;
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.DSGNCNKNFX ENQ 4HMFKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM
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*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
97 4BGDL@SHB CH@FQ@L ENQ HRNK@SHNM NE RSQTBSTQ@KKX MNMHRNK@S@AKD E@TKS SGQNTFG A@MJ NE LNC DKR @OOQN@BG
#DENQD RNKTSHNM NE E@TKS LNCDKR BNQQDRONMCHMF SN CHEEDQDMS E@TKS GXONSGDRDR U@K TDR NE RS@SD U@QH@AKDR HM MNME@TKSX RS@SD @QD DRSHL@SDC EQNL @M NARDQUDQ @MC BNOHDC @R HMHSH@K U@KTDR SN D@BG NE SGD ? MTLADQ NE E@TKS LNCDKR 5GD NARDQUDQ L@X AD A@RDC NM @M NODMKNNO NARDQUDQ @ ,@KL@M KSDQ NQ @M DWSDMCDC ,@KL@M KSDQ <= CD ODMCHMF NM SGD @OOKHB@SHNM *M B@RD NE @ BKNRDCKNNO NARDQUDQ E@TKSR HM SGD RXRSDL HMTDMBD SGD NARDQUDQ VGHBG G@R ADDM TRDC DWSDMRHUDKX SN CDUDKNO NARDQUDQ A@RDC '%* RBGDLDR HM $G@OSDQ )NVDUDQ HM NTQ B@RD SGD HMHSH@K U@KTDR BGNRDM SN QTM E@TKS LNCDKR @QD S@JDM BNQQDRONMCHMF SN @ SHLD @S VGHBG SGD OQNBDRR V@R VNQJHMF VHSGNTS @MX E@TKS *M NSGDQ VNQCR VD @QD TRHMF DRSHL@SDR NE RS@SD U@QH@AKDR BNQQD RONMCHMF SN SGD K@RS JMNVM MNME@TKSX RS@SD ; 7 VGDM SGD QDRHCT@K V@R VHSGHM SGD CDRBQHADC SGQDRGNKC )NVDUDQ MNSD SG@S @ C@S@A@RD NE OQNBDRR @MC NARDQUDQ GHRSNQX HR QDPTHQDC ENQ SGHR OTQONRD 5GDQDENQD SGD JHMC NE NARDQUDQ TRDC HR TMHLONQS@MS @R KNMF @R SGD QDRONMRD SHLD NE SGD NARDQUDQ HR RTEBHDMSKX E@RS )NVDUDQ SGDQD VHKK AD @ SHLDRGHES ADSVDDM SGD QDRONMRD NE SGD E@TKS LNCDKR @MC SGD @BST@K OQNBDRR QDRONMRD CTD SN SGD SHLD CDK@X RTEEDQDC HM CDSDBSHNM NE SGD E@TKS BNOXHMF NE SGD HMHSH@K RS@SDR EQNL SGD NARDQUDQ 7F5 5GHR @RODBS HR CHRBTRRDC HM SGD DW@LOKD @OOKHB@SHNM
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
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97 4BGDL@SHB CH@FQ@L NE @ SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
*12<5 .NCDK O@Q@LDSDQR NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL 4XLANK #B #! +(F 8?3J ; 6 6 (3F?
%DRBQHOSHNM 1QNONQSHNM@K F@HM NE BNMSQNKKDQ *MSDFQ@K F@HM NE BNMSQNKKDQ 4DSONHMS NE SGD BNMSQNKKDQ .@WHLTL NTSNV EQNL OTLO $QNRRRDBSHNM @QD@ NE S@MJR 5; ; %HRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 %HRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 "SLNROGDQHB OQDRRTQD F@FD
7@KTD LR L /L JFR L JF L JF L /L
5N R@SHREX NARDQU@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNMR VD @RRTLD SG@S SGD U@KUDR 7 @MC 7 @QD MDUDQ ETKKX BKNRDC 5GD PT@MSHSX NE V@SDQ NTSNV )' SN SGD BNMRTLDQ HR L@MT@KKX BNMSQNKKDC AX SGD U@KUD 7 5GD U@KUD 7 B@M AD TRDC SN RHLTK@SD KD@J@FD EQNL S@MJ 5 -D@J@FD EQNL S@MJ 5 B@MMNS AD HRNK@SDC @R SGDQD HR MN CHEEDQDMBD ADSVDDM KD@J@FD EQNL U@KUD 7 @MC SG@S EQNL S@MJ 5
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
8D @RRTLD SG@S SGD NTSOTS NE @KK BNMSQNKKDQR @MC RNTQBDR @QD LD@RTQDC 5GD LNCDK U@QH@AKDR @MC OQNBDRR O@Q@LDSDQR @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE SGD RXRSDL VHSG HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC TRHMF AHB@TR@KHSX HM LD@RTQDLDMS ONQSR @MC OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX ENQ CDQHU@SHNM NE "33R @QD RGNVM HM 'HF TQD @A QDRODBSHUDKX *MRSD@C NE TRHMF "& @MC "' DKDLDMSR SGD @BSHU@SHNMR @QD CHQDBSKX RGNVM MD@Q SGD ANMCR 8 HM 'HFTQD A
@
A 97 1 #DG@UHNQ@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL 2 #HB@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HM OQDEDQQDC CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
''@ .;1 (" 5GDQD @QD SGQDD RDMRNQR ; 7 G( )( @MC ( RN SGQDD RSQTBSTQ@KKX HMCDODMCDMS "33R B@M AD CDQHUDC @R ENKKNVR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
"33 G( Φ1* ( "33 )( Φ1 G( & 6 "33 )( ( 6 ( (3F? 9 6F 7 6 6 & 6 9 6F ( 6 ( (3F? 5 6 ( (3F? 6 6 & ( ( ( 3F? 6 6 9 6F ( 9 6F 6
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
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
*12<5 '@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHW NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
'@TKS RHFM@STQDR HM 5@AKD HMCHB@SD SG@S E@TKSR HM SGQDD BNLONMDMSR 6 6 6 ; 7 BNLONMDMS VHRD E@TKS HM 7 7 @MCNQ 5 @MC 5 G@UD HCDMSHB@K RHFM@STQD @MC GDMBD SGDX @QD MNS HRNK@S@AKD VHSG SGD FHUDM HMRSQTLDMS@SHNM HM SGD RXRSDL 'NQ RHLTK@SHNM (@TRRH@M MNHRD @LNTMSHMF SN NE SGD RHLTK@SDC RDMRNQ NTSOTSR HR RTODQONRDC SN QD@KHYD MNHRX RDMRNQ NTSOTSR 'TQSGDQLNQD SN QD@KHYD O@Q@LDSDQ TM BDQS@HMSX VD G@UD TRDC O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR FHUDM HM 5@AKD SN DU@KT@SD SGD QDRHCT@KR ATS TRDC Q@MCNL DQQNQ HM BNDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFDR @MC Q@MCNL DQQNQ HM @QD@R SN FDMDQ@SD @ RDS NE C@S@ SN RHLTK@SD SGD OQNBDRR ADG@UHNQ 'NQ SGD SGQDRGNKC RDKDBSNQ NE D VD G@UD BGNRDM δ η λ η δ σ @MC λ σ 8D G@UD BGNRDM BNMCDMBD KDUDK HM SGHR VNQJ ENQ VGHBG L .NUHMF @UDQ@FD NE D@BG RDMRNQ C@S@ HR SGDM S@JDM NUDQ @ WDCVHCSG RKHCHMF SHLD VHMCNV BNQQDRONMCHMF SN ∆F MTLADQ NE R@LOKDR QDRTKSHMF HM > ∆F MTLADQ NE @UDQ@FDC ONHMSR EQNL > MTLADQ NE RDMRNQ C@S@ 5GDM DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUD HR B@KBT K@SDC AX S@JHMF SVN @UDQ@FDC C@S@ ONHMSR @S @ BDQS@HM F@O R@X ? ONHMSR 5GHR XHDKCR > ∆F ? MTLADQ NE DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUD U@KTDR 5GHR RBGDLD NE KSDQHMF MNHRX RDM RNQ C@S@ SN NAS@HM DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUDR HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD *M SGD OQDRDMS @OOKHB@ SHNM > MTLADQ NE RHLTK@SDC C@S@ @QD S@JDM EQNL RDMRNQ ( @MC ENQ LNUHMF @UDQ@FHMF ∆F HR BNMRHCDQDC @R R@LOKDR 5GDM SN NAS@HM DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUD ? HR BNMRHCDQDC @R 5GD MTLADQ NE DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUD ONHMSR SGTR FDMDQ@SDC HR 5GD @UDQ@FDC U@KTDR NE RDMRNQ NTSOTS @MC SGDHQ DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUDR @QD TRDC SN B@K BTK@SD QDRHCT@KR @MC DRSHL@SD O@Q@LDSDQR ENQ E@TKS HRNK@SHNM /NSD SG@S RDKDBSHNM NE U@KTDR ENQ > ∆F @MC ? HR CDODMCDMS NM SGD RODBHB RHFM@K @MC SGD CXM@LHBR NE SGD BNMBDQMDC @OOKHB@SHNM
97 4BGDLD NE RDMRNQ MNHRD KSDQHMF ENQ NAS@HMHMF DOHRNCD CDQHU@SHUDR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
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
97 3DRHCT@K QDRONMRD TMCDQ 7 AKNBJ@FD
8D BNMRHCDQ SGD NSGDQ B@RD ; 7 VGDM D HR ODQRHRSDMSKX @AMNQL@K @MC D @MC D @QD MNQL@K 5GHR BNMCHSHNM HR R@SHRDC VGDM E@TKS NBBTQR DHSGDQ HM SGD U@KUD 7 @MCNQ 5 NQ HM U@KUD 7 *M SGDRD RHST@SHNMR U@QH@AKDR 6 @MC 6 B@M AD DRSH L@SDC SGQNTFG BKNRDCENQL RNKTSHNMR NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD DWOQDRRHNM ENQ "33 5GD DRSHL@SDC CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS b6 NE 7 HMBKTCHMF 5 KD@J@FD HR SGD ONRHSHUD QD@K QNNS NE SGD PT@CQ@SHB DPT@SHNM b6 b6
VGDQD
6( 6F 6
& ( (3F? 6 ( 6( 9 & & ( (3F? 9 6F 9 6 6 ( (3F? 6F
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
6( 6F 9 6
6( 6 ( 6( 9 )( µ 6F 6F 6F
*M &PT@SHNM 6 @MC 6 @QD BNMRHCDQDC @R MNLHM@K U@KTDR #DB@TRD SGD MNL HM@K U@KTD NE 6 HR YDQN HS CNDR MNS @OOD@Q HM &PT@SHNM 4HLHK@QKX HM SGD B@RD NE KD@J@FD EQNL S@MJ 5 SGD DRSHL@SDC CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 HR FHUDM AX & 6 6 b 6 )( µ ( 6 ( (3F? J & 9 6F 9 6F J (3F? VGDQD
J (
& 6( 6 ( (3F? 9 6F 6
@MC @KK NSGDQ O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR 6 @MC 6 @QD S@JDM @R MNLHM@K
97 3DRHCT@K QDRONMRD TMCDQ 7 AKNBJ@FD
5GHR DRSHL@SHNM OQNBDCTQD HR U@KHC@SDC AX RHLTK@SHMF SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HM 'HFTQD @ HM MNQL@K NODQ@SHMF LNCD @MC VHSG E@TKSR HM U@KUD 7 NQ S@MJ 5 6 @MC S@MJ 5 6 NMD @S @ SHLD HMSQNCTBDC HM SGD OK@MS *S HR NARDQUDC EQNL SGD RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKSR HM 'HFTQD SG@S D HR @AMNQL@K @ESDQ AX QDCTBHMF SGD BN R VGDM AKNBJ@FD DUDMS V@R HMSQNCTBDC HM SGD U@KUD 7 & JFL SN
EQNL MNLHM@K U@KTD DEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD 6 & JFL 5GD DRSHL@SDC U@KTD NE 6 FHUDM AX b6 HM 'HFTQD BKNRDKX SQ@BJR SGD @BST@K NMD ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD HMBDOSHNM NE E@TKS #X @RRTLHMF @ S@MJ KD@J@FD SGD U@KTD NE 6 FHUDM AX b6 VGHBG B@M QDRTKS HM SGD R@LD U@KTDR NE QDRHCT@K HR @KRN DRSHL@SDC 5GDRD DRSHL@SDC U@KTDR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @MC HS B@M AD MNSHBDC SG@S b6 FNDR MDF@SHUD @ESDQ SGD E@TKS HMBDOSHNM @S R VGHBG HR MNS @ QD@KHRSHB OGDMNLDMNM 4N SGD E@TKS HM 7 HR CHQDBSKX HRNK@S@AKD HM SGHR B@RD *M NSGDQ RHLTK@SHNMR KD@J@FDR HM 7 @MC S@MJ 5 @QD HMSQNCTBDC @S R QDRODB SHUDKX 5GD DRSHL@SHNM HR ONRRHAKD ADB@TRD D HR ODQRHRSDMSKX @AMNQL@K @ESDQ E@TKS ENQ ANSG B@RDR @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQDR @MC
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97 1@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM TMCDQ 7 AKNBJ@FD
97 3DRHCT@K QDRONMRD TMCDQ 7 NQ 5 KD@J@FD
5GD KD@J@FD & HM 7 NQ EQNL 5 HR RHLTK@SDC & AX BG@MFHMF SGD U@KTD NE 6 EQNL SN JFL E@TKSX 5GD @UDQ@FD DRSHL@SDC JFL MNLHM@K & b6 HR @ANTS JFL @ESDQ E@TKS @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGHBG HR RTE R@LD U@KTD BHDMSKX BKNRD SN SGD @BST@K U@KTD 5GD U@KTD NE b6 VGHBG B@M QDRTKS HM SGD& NE D HR @KRN DRSHL@SDC @MC HM SGHR B@RD HS HR QD@KHRSHB @ANTS JFL RN E@TKS B@MMNS AD KNB@KHYDC @S SGHR RS@FD 4HLHK@Q OQNAKDL HR DMBNTMSDQDC ENQ S@MJ 5 KD@J@FD VGDQD SVN DRSHL@SHNMR OQNUHCD QD@KHRSHB U@KTDR @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
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*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
97 3DRHCT@K QDRONMRD TMCDQ 5 KD@J@FD
97 1@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM TMCDQ 7 KD@J@FD
b6 VGHKD @KK NSGDQ O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGD LNCDK G@UD SGDHQ MNLHM@K U@KTDR 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC SGD RDBNMC LNCDK CDUNSDC SN HRNK@SD SGD E@TKS HM U@KUD 7 TRDR SGD DRSHL@SDC BNDEBHDMS NE CHRBG@QFD NE RNLD GNKD HM S@MJ 5 ; 7 SG@S NE U@KUD 7 NQ b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
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97
1@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM TMCDQ 5 KD@J@FD
'.5 SGD E@TKS LNCDK TRHMF DRSHL@SDC CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE KD@J@FD EQNL 5 ; 7 CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE SGD U@KUD 7
+.961.A6<; )5?
/NQL@K NODQ@SHNM @MC NARDQUDQ HR SQ@BJHMF SGD OK@MS
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
97 .TKSHAKNBJ RVHSBGHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
#
'@TKS CDSDBSHNM HMHSH@K RS@SD QDBNQCHMF EQNL NARDQUDQ ITRS ADENQD E@TKS HMBDOSHNM @MC O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM $ 1@Q@KKDK QTMMHMF NE E@TKS LNCDKR TRHMF DRSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQR @MC E@TKS HRNK@ SHNM % $NQQDBS DRSHL@SHNM NE E@TKSX O@Q@LDSDQ QDOK@BDC HM NARDQUDQ VGHBG @F@HM RS@QSR SQ@BJHMF SGD E@TKSX OK@MS 5GD QDRONMRD O@SSDQM NE SGD E@TKS LNCDK SG@S L@SBGDR ADRS VHSG SGD OK@MS QDRONMRD HR HCDMSHDC @MC SGD BNLONMDMS BNQQDRONMCHMF SN SGD DRSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQ TRDC HM SGD LNCDK HR BNMBKTCDC SN AD E@TKSX #TS MN RTBG L@SBGHMF O@SSDQM HR BKD@QKX UHRHAKD EQNL 'HFTQD 5GD SQDMC L@SBGHMF OQNBDCTQD B@M AD QDK@SDC SN SGD HMSDQUDMSHNM @M@KXRHR OQNUHCDC HM < = ENQ SHLD RDQHDR LNCDKHMF @MC SN ETQSGDQ VNQJR A@RDC NM NTSKHDQR HM HCDMSHB@SHNM <=
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97 4BGDLD NE E@TKS HRNK@SHNM BNLO@QHRNM NE QD RONMRDR EQNL OK@MS @MC E@TKS LNCDKR
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
97 4DS NE OQHLHSHUDR SN AD TRDC ENQ PT@KHS@SHUD SQDMC FDMDQ@SHNM
*M RHLTK@SHNM NE @MNSGDQ E@TKS RBDM@QHN ; 7 KD@J@FD EQNL S@MJ 5 SGD DRSHL@SDC CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMSR NE 7 @MC 7 b6 @MC b6 QDRODBSHUDKX @QD RDS HM SGD E@TKS LNCDKR @ESDQ R VGDM SGNRD DRSHL@SHNMR G@UD QD@BGDC @ RSD@CX RS@SD U@KTD HM
97 4DMRNQ QDRONMRD EQNL OK@MS 5QDMC " & # $ % " 1QNKD " & # $ % "
97 4DMRNQ QDRONMRD EQNL '.7 5QDMC " & # $ % " 1QNKD " & # $ % "
97 4DMRNQ QDRONMRD EQNL '.5 5QDMC " ' & * $ % " 1QNKD " ' & * $ % "
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
"OOKHB@SHNM SN @ $NMSQNKKDC 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97 $NLO@QHRNM NE QDRONMRDR EQNL OK@MS @MC E@TKS LNCDKR
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
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
&B?2<5=C " ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 7@QH@AKDR ? 8 @MC ?7 QDOQDRDMS SGD LD@RTQDC U@QH@AKDR NAS@HMDC EQNL SVN RDMRNQR %E @MC %D QDRODB SHUDKX ENQ SGD UDKNBHSX NV @MC SGD ROQHMF ENQBD DEENQS QDRODBSHUDKX $QD@SD @ AHB@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK @MC RGNV SG@S TMCDQ RHMFKD E@TKS GXONSGDRHR SGD E@TKS HM ROQHMF # B@M AD HRNK@SDC ADB@TRD NE SGD TMHPTDMDRR NE HSR E@TKS RHFM@STQD ATS SGD E@TKS HM L@RR % @MC C@LODQ * @QD MNS HRNK@S@AKD
97 "M HMRSQTLDMSDC ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL HM VGHBG E@TKSR B@MMNS AD HRNK@SDC
5GD MNLHM@K U@KTDR NE O@Q@LDSDQR @QD % JF # J/L * J/RL 5GD R@LOKHMF SHLD HR LR #DB@TRD SGDQD @QD SVN MNMHRNK@S@AKD E@TKS O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGHR OQNAKDL SVN E@TKS LNCDKR @QD QDPTHQDC ENQ RDBNMC OG@RD E@TKS HRNK@SHNM 5GD QRS LNCDK CDUNSDC SN HRNK@SD SGD E@TKS HM L@RR % VHKK TRD SGD DRSHL@SDC L@RR %7EF VGHKD @KK NSGDQ O@Q@ LDSDQR HM SGD LNCDK G@UD SGDHQ MNLHM@K U@KTDR 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC SGD RDBNMC LNCDK CDUNSDC SN HRNK@SD SGD E@TKS HM C@LODQ * VHKK TRD SGD DRSHL@SDC C@LOHMF QDRHRS@MBD *7EF VGHKD @KK NSGDQ O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGD LNCDK G@UD SGDHQ MNLHM@K U@KTDR 4BGDL@S HB@KKX RGNV SGD QDRTKSHMF '%* @QBGHSDBSTQD 5GD O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM L@X AD CNMD EQNL SGD "33R NQ EQNL SGD AHB@TR@KKDC LNCDK @R ENKKNVR %7EF
F *@A? ? 8 ?7 ? 8
*7EF
F %@A? ? 8 ?7 ?8
6RD @ RHMTRNHC@K DWBHS@SHNM R@X F RHMF @MC RHLTK@SD ENQ R CTQ@SHNM VHSG @ E@TKS HMSQNCTBDC @S R AX BG@MFHMF * U@KTD SN /RL EQNL MNLHM@K /RL 6RD &PT@SHNMR _ @MC RGNV SG@S VGHKD RSD@CX DRSHL@SDR @QD NAS@HMDC ENQ ANSG SGD O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGD MNME@TKSX QDFHLD _ R HM SGD E@TKSX B@RD _ R RSD@CX DRSHL@SD HR NAS@HMDC ENQ SGD U@KTD NE *7EF VGDQD@R SGDQD HR MN RSD@CX DRSHL@SD ENQ %7EF 7DQHEX SGHR SGQNTFG RHLTK@SHNM @MC CHRBTRR GNV SGD RSD@CHMDRR NE DRSHL@SD B@M AD TRDC ENQ E@TKS HRNK@SHNM
1QNAKDLR
97 4BGDL@SHB CQ@VHMF NE @ ADKSCQHUDM CQHKKHMF L@ BGHMD
1DQENQL @MNSGDQ E@TKS RBDM@QHN RHLTK@SHNM ENQ R CTQ@SHNM VHSG @ E@TKS HMSQN CTBDC @S R AX BG@MFHMF % U@KTD SN JF EQNL MNLHM@K JF 4GNV SG@S @ RHLHK@Q @OOQN@BG A@RDC NM RSD@CHMDRR NE DRSHL@SDC U@QH@AKDR *7EF @MC %7EF @R @ RDBNMC KDUDK CDBHRHNM OQNBDCTQD NQ E@TKS CDSDBSHNM KSDQ B@M AD TRDC ENQ E@TKS HRNK@ SHNM " ADKS CQHUDM RHMFKD ROHMCKD CQHKKHMF L@BGHMD VHSG %$ ONVDQ RTOOKX @MC ONVDQ EDDC HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD EDDC Q@SD HR @RRTLDC SN AD BNMRS@MS *E SGD CQHKK DMBNTMSDQR @ G@QC RONS SGD SGQTRS NQ DMC KN@C NM SGD CQHKK ATHKCR TO DMNQLNTRKX @MC L@X KD@C SN CQHKK AHS AQD@J@FD 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC HE SGD CQHKK DMBNTMSDQR @ RNES RONS ; 7 HLOTQHSX K@XDQ NE KNV G@QCMDRR L@SDQH@K AKNV GNKDR 7F5 SGD DMC KN@C CDBQD@RDR 8D MDDC SN LNMHSNQ ANSG SGD B@RDR @KNMF VHSG SGD OGDMNLDM@ NE ADKS RKHOO@FD @MC LNSNQ E@TKS HM @M '%* RBGDLD " LNSNQ BTQQDMS RDMRNQ HR HMRS@KKDC @R SGD NMKX RDMRNQ SN S@JD NTSOTS EQNL SGD OK@MS 5GD %#( LNCDK NE SGD OQNBDRR CDUDKNODC VHSG RTHS@AKD @RRTLOSHNMR HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD 5GD MNLDMBK@STQD NE U@QHNTR U@QH@AKDR TRDC HM SGD LNCDK HR FHUDM HM 5@AKD 5GD KN@C SNQPTD % @MC SGD SGQTRS NQ DMC KN@C (J @QD NAS@HMDC AX SGD ENKKNVHMF DLOHQHB@K QDK@SHNMR % % J EK (J B J EK
VGDQD % HR HM JFLL (J HR HM JF HR SGD CH@LDSDQ HM LL E HR SGD EDDC Q@SD HM LLQDUNKTSHNM 1@Q@LDSDQR % B J J K @MC K @QD L@SDQH@K BNMRS@MSR FHUDM HM 5@AKD VGDQD #)/ RS@MCR ENQ #QHMDKK )@QCMDRR /TLADQ 5GD MDS KN@C SNQPTD B@M AD VQHSSDM @R τ 6 % (J 9D
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
97 %#( LNCDK NE SGD CQHKKHMF L@BGHMD *12<5 1@Q@LDSDQR NE SGD CQHKKHMF L@BGHMD 4XLANK . *3 $3 α µ "? "6 D D #4 *4 9D HE
%DRBQHOSHNM 4TOOKX UNKS@FD "QL@STQD QDRHRS@MBD NE %$ LNSNQ "QL@STQD HMCTBS@MBD NE %$ LNSNQ 1QNONQSHNM@KHSX BNMRS@MS $3 *3 &PTHU@KDMS FXQ@SNQ LNCTKTR ENQ LNSNQ 3NS@QX HMDQSH@ NE SGD LNSNQ RHCD OTKKDX 3NS@QX HMDQSH@ NE SGD CQHKK RHCD OTKKDX 3@CHTR NE LNSNQ RHCD OTKKDX 3@CHTR NE CQHKK RHCD OTKKDX 4SHEEMDRR NE SGD ADKS %@LOHMF NE SGD ADKS &PTHU@KDMS FD@QHMF Q@SHN 4KHO UDKNBHSX
/NLHM@K U@KTDR 7 Ω ) )Ω /L" JFL JFL L L /L /RL QDURQ@CLL LR
VGDQD 9D QDOQDRDMSR SGD SNS@K DPTHU@KDMS FD@QHMF Q@SHN *12<5 &LOHQHB@K BNDEBHDMSR .@SDQH@K 4SDDK σ G JFLL "KKNX RSDDK σ G JFLL $@RS HQNM #)/ $@RS HQNM #)/ #QNMYD
%
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5GD DMSHQD L@SDQH@K KN@C B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC @R @ MNMKHMD@Q 3DKDLDMS *> HM SGD ADG@UHNQ@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK *M SGD HMUDQSDC B@TR@KHSX LNCDK SGD KN@C EQNL SGD L@ SDQH@K RHCD HR FHUDM AX @RRHFMHMF BNMCTBSHUD B@TR@KHSX SN SGD KN@C QDRHRS@MBD @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD MDS KN@C SNQPTD HR @ ETMBSHNM NE SGD EDDC "R EDDC E HR CHQDBSKX QDK@SDC SN QNS@SHNM@K RODDC ω 6 NE SGD CQHKK ROHMCKD OTKKDX SGD MDS KN@C SNQPTD τ 6 HR @KRN @ ETMBSHNM NE ω 6 *E K @MC K @QD NE SGD R@LD U@KTD HM &PT@SHNM @R HM SGD
1QNAKDLR
B@RD VGDM B@RS HQNM NQ AQNMYD HR TRDC @R SGD VNQJHMF L@SDQH@K ω 6 B@M G@UD @ BKNRDC ENQL @KFDAQ@HB RNKTSHNM HM SDQLR NE τ 6 #TS HM SGD FDMDQ@K B@RD @R ENQ RSDDK σ G JFLL BNMRHCDQDC ENQ SGD OQDRDMS OQNAKDL K K *M RTBG B@RDR ω 6 B@M AD NAS@HMDC MTLDQHB@KKX EQNL RODDCSNQPTD BG@Q@BSDQHRSHBR *M SGD OQDRDMS OQNAKDL @ SGHQC NQCDQ ONKXMNLH@K @OOQNWHL@SHNM VHSGHM @ Q@MFD NE U@KTDR NE QNS@SHNM@K RODDC L@X AD TRDC SN NAS@HM ω 6 @R @ ETMBSHNM NE τ 6 @R ω 6 τ 6 τ 6 τ 6
&PT@SHNM HR SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD QD@SHNM ENQ SGD KN@C QDRHRS@MBD HM SGD %#( LNCDK HM 'HFTQD *M SGD ADG@UHNQ LNCDK SGD KN@C QDRHRS@MBD HR HM QDRHRSHUD B@TR@KHSX @MC HSR BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM HR FHUDM AX &PT@SHNM VHSG E ω 6 9D 4GNV SG@S VHSG SGD RHMFKD RDMRNQ HS HR MNS ONRRHAKD SN HRNK@SD E@TKSR HE O@Q@LD SDQR *3 HE @MC ω 6 CDUH@SD EQNL SGDHQ MNLHM@K U@KTDR 5N @QQHUD @S SGHR QDRTKS TRD DHSGDQ B@TR@K O@SG @M@KXRHR NM SGD %#( SN BNMRSQTBS SGD '4. NQ RGNV SG@S AHB@TR@K HSX B@MMNS AD @RRHFMDC RTBG SG@S @KK SGQDD BNQQDRONMCHMF SDQLHM@SHMF MNCDR B@M AD RHLTKS@MDNTRKX AHB@TR@KKDC *MSQNCTBD @ E@TKS HM SGD ADG@UHNQ@K LNCDK AX BG@MFHMF SGD QDRHRS@MBD *3 EQNL MNLHM@K U@KTD NE Ω SN @ E@TKSX U@KTD NE Ω @ESDQ R NE RHLTK@SHNM $NMRSQTBS SGD ENKKNVHMF SGQDD E@TKS LNCDKR '.* '@TKS .NCDK TRHMF DRSHL@SDC *LODC@MBD *3 @MC BNMRDPTDMSKX $3 '.&- '@TKS .NCDK TRHMF DRSHL@SDC &WSDQM@K -N@C EQNL INA L@SDQH@K '.#4 '@TKS .NCDK TRHMF DRSHL@SDC #DKS 4KHO 4GNV SG@S SGD NTSOTS O@SSDQM EQNL SGD QRS E@TKS LNCDK L@SBGDR VHSG SGD @BST@K OK@MS QDRONMRD LD@RTQDC @QL@STQD BTQQDMS @MC SGTR SGD E@TKS B@M AD HRNK@SDC /NSD SDLONQ@QX K@QFD U@KTDR NE CDQHU@SHUDR NE RNLD RHFM@KR L@X AD BQNOODC AX 3 R R@STQ@SHNM AKNBJ SN NAS@HM ADSSDQ QDRTKSR TRHMF 4HLTKHMJ
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
*RNK@SHNM NE 4SQTBSTQ@KKX /NMHRNK@S@AKD '@TKSR
97 " ONKXLDQ BN@SHMF OQNBDRR
97 " .*( VDKCHMF OQNBDRR
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
81@D5B
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
-,
KF θ KF b θb 6F
VGDQD F HR SGD SHLD U@QH@AKD θ HR SGD UDBSNQ NE @BST@K O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR θb HR SGD UDBSNQ NE SGD DRSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR K F θ HR SGD OQNBDRR NTSOTS UDBSNQ @MC Kb F θb HR SGD NTSOTS EQNL @ RHLTK@SHNM LNCDK TRHMF DRSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR 5GD RD@QBG RO@BD B@M AD BNMRSQ@HMDC HE KHLHSR ENQ RNLD O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR @QD JMNVM @MC SGDX @QD HLONRDC @R @OOQNOQH@SD ODM@KSX ETMBSHNMR 8GDM O@Q@LDSDQR NE @ RXRSDL BG@MFD CTD SN RNLD E@TKS VHSGNTS BG@MFHMF SGD RSQTBSTQD NE SGD RXRSDL ; 7 SGD LNCDK QDL@HMR R@LD SGDM SGD DRSHL@SHNM OQNBDCTQD @OOKHDC NUDQ @ SHLD VHMCNV SN , HCDMSHDR SGD MDV RDS NE O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR *E CHEEDQDMS VDHFGSR @QD SN AD
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
@RRHFMDC SN LHMHLHYD CHEEDQDMS NTSOTS DQQNQR 7; Fθ K; F θ Kb; F θb ; @K SGDM SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM B@M AD QDVQHSSDM @R "
-,
KF θ KF b θb , 'FKF θ KF b θb 6F
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*MSQNCTBSHNM
3NATRSMDRR @M@KXRHR HR CNMD VHSG SGD NAIDBSHUD NE CDRHFMHMF BNMSQNK K@VR FT@Q@M SDDHMF SGD RS@AHKHSX ENQ O@Q@LDSDQ U@QH@SHNMR HMRHCD @ JMNVM U@QH@SHNM HMSDQU@K 5VN SXODR NE LNCDKR ENQ QNATRSMDRR RSTCX NE KHMD@Q RXRSDLR @QD TRDC 5GD QRS HR SGD B@MNMHB@K ENQL NE TMBDQS@HM RXRSDL RS@SD DPT@SHNM FHUDM @R J @ ∆ J @ ∆ G K @ ∆ J @ ∆
VGDQD @ @ @ @MC @ @QD SGD RS@SDRO@BD L@SQHBDR TRHMF MNLHM@K O@Q@LDSDQ U@K TDR @MC ∆ ∆ ∆ @MC ∆ @QD SGD CDUH@SHNMR HM SGNRD L@SQHBDR CTDR SN TMBDQ S@HMSHDR HM O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR
97 4S@MC@QC HMSDQBNM MDBSHNM NQ HMSDQM@K EDDCA@BJ KNNO LNCDK
5GD RDBNMC LNCDK HR QDEDQQDC SN @R SGD RS@MC@QC HMSDQBNMMDBSHNM LNCDK NQ HMSDQM@K EDDCA@BJ KNNO *M SGHR ENQL SGD O@Q@LDSDQ TMBDQS@HMSHDR @QD RDO@Q@SDC EQNL SGD MNL HM@K LNCDK @MC QDOQDRDMSDC @R EDDCA@BJ KNNOR NE HMSDQM@K U@QH@AKDR RDD 'HFTQD @R ENKKNVR J @ J I @ G L J I G K @ J I @ G I ∆ L
VGDQD @ @ @ @ @ @ L HR @M @TWHKH@QX NTSOTS HMSDQM@K U@QH@AKD I HR @M @TWHKH@QX HMSDQM@K HMOTS @MC ∆ HR @ CH@FNM@K L@SQHW BNMS@HMHMF QDK@SHUD TMBDQS@HMSHDR NE O@Q@LDSDQR 5GHR LNCDK HR SGD A@RHB ENQL TRDC HM µ@M@KXRHR @MC µ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
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
@
A
97 " KHMD@Q SVNS@MJ RXRSDL @MC HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK
5GD CH@FMNRSHB ANMC FQ@OG %#( NE SGD RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR @QD HM CHEEDQDMSH@K B@TR@KHSX
97 %H@FMNRSHB ANMC FQ@OG NE SGD SVNS@MJ OQNBDRR
'HQRS NE @KK VD BNMRHCDQ BDQS@HM TMBDQS@HMSHDR HM SGD O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR 3DKDLDMSR ADB@TRD SGD @BST@K U@KTD NE SGD 3DKDLDMS HR MDUDQ JMNVM HS B@M AD VQHSSDM @R *@ ∆ * *@ δ * VGDQD *@ HR SGD @UDQ@FD DRSHL@SDC MNLHM@K U@KTD @MC ∆ * δ * *@ HR SGD TMBDQS@HMSX HM DRSHL@SHNM 8GDM SGD 3DKDLDMS HR HM BNMCTBSHUD B@TR@KHSX HSR BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM L@X AD VQHSSDM @R δ * 7 7 *@ ∆ * *@ 7 I* *@
8
VGDQD δ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
*MSQNCTBSHNM
97 3DKDLDMS VHSG BNMCTBSHUD B@TR@KHSX SQ@MR ENQLDC SN -'5 ENQL
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HM -'5 ENQL
6( ( ( 6( ( ( δ δ * 6F * 6F * **@ 3 6( ( ( ( 6( ( ( ( ** δ * δ * δ * 6F * * 6F * **@ 3
** ) B
5GD "33R CDQHUDC @ANUD G@UD ADDM RDO@Q@SDC HMSN SGDHQ MNLHM@K O@QS @MC TM BDQS@HM O@QSR 3 @MC 3 5GTR SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF QDRHCT@KR @QD D D@ 3 @MC D D@ 3 /NSD SG@S SGD TMBDQS@HMSHDR HM U@QHNTR O@Q@LDSDQR @QD TMBNQQDK@SDC 5GHR LD@MR SGDQD HR @R LTBG KHJDKHGNNC NE SGDL B@MBDKHMF NTS D@BG NSGDQ @R SGD KHJD KHGNNC NE SGDL @CCHMF TO 5GDQDENQD VD VHKK S@JD LNRS BNMRDQU@SHUD DRSHL@SD @MC VQHSD SGD TMBDQS@HM SDQLR @R ENKKNVR 6( ( ( δ 3 δ 6F * * ( ( 6( ( δ δ 3 δ * * 6F * * -DS TR @RRTLD SG@S SGD OTLO FHUDR @ OTKR@SHMF NV CTD SN @BSHNM NE RNLD BNM SQNKKDQ @MC SGD OQDRRTQDR HM SGD SVN S@MJR @QD JMNVM ENQ BDQS@HM SHLD CTQ@SHNM 5GD SGQDRGNKC FDMDQ@SNQ LTRS TRD SGD BNMSDLONQ@QX HMOTSR @MC @ MNLHM@K LNCDK VHSG TMBDQS@HMSHDR < = " AKNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD SGQDRGNKC FDMDQ@SNQ NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
97 5GQDRGNKC FDMDQ@SNQ @MC QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM
*M 'HFTQD SGD SNO O@QS TRDR @ MNLHM@K LNCDK AKNBJ CH@FQ@L ENQL NE #( HM 'HFTQD A @MC @ CH@FMNRSHB LNCDK AKNBJ CH@FQ@L ENQL NE %#( VHSG -'5 HM 'HFTQD SN FDMDQ@SD SGD QDRHCT@K SGQDRGNKCR #DB@TRD SGD RXRSDL HR NARDQU@AKD HS HR ONRRHAKD SN DWDBTSD SGD MNLHM@K ADG@U HNQ LNCDK VHSG DRSHL@SDC HMHSH@K RS@SDR /NSD SG@S SGD MNLHM@K LNCDK LTRS AD DWDBTSDC VHSG @BST@K OK@MS HMOTSR *E SGD OQNBDRR HR BNMSQNKKDC SGDM BNMSQNKKDQR RGNTKC AD S@JDM NTS NE SGD MNLHM@K LNCDK @MC @BST@K BNMSQNKKDQ NTSOTSR LTRS AD TRDC *M 'HFTQD SGD QDFHNMR RGNVM HMRHCD NU@KR BNQQDRONMC SN DU@KT@SHNM NE U@KTDR 3 @MC 3 5GDRD SVN U@KTDR @QD TRDC HM QDBS@MFTK@Q QDFHNMR HM SGD FTQD SN B@KBT K@SD SGD SGQDRGNKCR 5GD ANSSNL O@QS NE SGD LNCDK HM 'HFTQD HR SGD TRT@K '%* EQ@LDVNQJ VGDQD SGDQD HR @ OQNUHRHNM SN HMSQNCTBD @ E@TKS HM SGD U@KUD 7 QDFHNM L@QJDC VHSG @ BHQBKD 5GD DEEDBSHUD U@KTD NE O@Q@LDSDQ * HR LNCHDC AX LTKSH
*MSQNCTBSHNM
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δ δ * δ δ *
97 3DRONMRD NE QDRHC T@K D @MC HSR @C@OSHUD SGQDRG NKC
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
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
!<0.96G.A6<; <3 .B9A (B/@=.02 $NMRHCDQ @M DW@LOKD '4. FHUDM HM 5@AKD HM VGHBG θ ; ; @QD RHW HMCDODM CDMS O@Q@LDSDQR @MC D < < @QD SGQDD QDRHCT@KR 8GDM QDRHCT@K D HR @AMNQL@K HS KD@CR SN @ BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ VGHBG G@R @ TMHPTD L@SBG HM SGD '4. @MC SGD BNLONMDMS BNQQDRONMCHMF SN O@Q@LDSDQ θ HM E@TKS RTARO@BD +( HR HRNK@SDC @R SGD E@TKS B@MCHC@SD 3DRHCT@K D HR RDMRHSHUD SN @ RHMFKD O@Q@LDSDQ E@TKS @MC GDMBD HS BNM RSHSTSDR SGD RSQTBSTQDC O@QS NE SGD '4. 3DRHCT@KR D @MC D @KNMF VHSG O@Q@LDSDQR θ SN θ BNMRSHSTSD SGD TMRSQTBSTQDC O@QS NE SGD '4. /NSD SG@S HM SGD TMRSQTBSTQDC O@QS NE SGD '4. D@BG QDRHCT@K HR RDMRHSHUD SN LNQD SG@M NMD E@TKS
*12<5 &W@LOKD E@TKS RHFM@STQD L@SQHW
5GD TMRSQTBSTQDC O@QS NE '4. B@M AD ETQSGDQ RTABK@RRHDC HMSN CHEEDQDMS E@TKS RTARO@BDR G@UHMF BNLLNM E@TKS RHFM@STQDR ; 7 AHM@QX 03 NODQ@SHNMR VHSG NSGDQ E@TKS RHFM@STQDR CNDR MNS BG@MFD RNLD E@TKS RHFM@STQDR *M NSGDQ VNQCR RNLD E@TKS RHFM@STQDR L@X QDRTKS EQNL NMD NQ LNQD E@TKSR @OOD@QHMF RHLTKS@MDNTRKX 'NQ DW@L OKD VGDM NMKX QDRHCT@K D HR @AMNQL@K SGD BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ HR BNMRHCDQHMF NMKX SGD TMRSQTBSTQDC QDRHCT@KR @MC HSR '4. @MC KNB@KHY@SHNM NE θ HM E@TKS RTARO@BD +( @R SGD E@TKS B@MCHC@SD HR ONRRHAKD 4HLHK@QKX HE NMKX QDRHCT@K D HR @AMNQL@K SGDM SGD E@TKS BNTKC AD CTD SN BG@MFD HM U@KTDR NE θ NQ θ NQ ANSG E@TKS RTARO@BD +( *E ANSG QDRHCT@KR D @MC D @QD @AMNQL@K SGDM SGD QDRTKSHMF BNGDQDMBD UDBSNQ BNTKC AD CTD SN BG@MFD HM U@KTDR NE @ RHMFKD O@Q@LDSDQ θ NQ θ NQ CTD SN RHLTK S@MDNTR E@TKSR HM LNQD SG@M NMD O@Q@LDSDQR E@TKS RTARO@BD +( 7 9 θ @MC θ θ @MC θ @MC NQ θ 7F5 8GDM @ E@TKS RTARO@BD BNMS@HMHMF LNQD SG@M NMD O@Q@ LDSDQ HR HCDMSHDC @R SGD E@TKS B@MCHC@SD NMD MDDCR SN DRSHL@SD @KK SGD O@Q@LDSDQR HM SG@S E@TKS RTARO@BD SN HRNK@SD VGHBG O@Q@LDSDQR HM HS @QD @BST@KKX E@TKSX @MC AX VG@S L@FMHSTCD!
'@TKS *RNK@SHNM AX 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
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RGNTKC MNS AD Q@HRDC 0MKX VGDM SGD DRSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTD HR RTEBHDMSKX CHEEDQ DMS EQNL SGD NQHFHM@K DRSHL@SD R@X 5 B@M NMD R@EDKX CH@FMNRD SG@S SGD U@KTD NE SGD O@Q@LDSDQ G@R BG@MFDC @MC SGD BNQQDRONMCHMF BNLONMDMS G@R @ E@TKS
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97 1@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR DRSHL@SDC AX LHMHLHYHMF QDRHCT@KR
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$=A6:6G.A6<; /F *@6;4 6.4;<@A60 <;1 ?.=5 *M SGD BNMRHCDQDC OQNAKDL "33R BNTKC AD CDQHUDC @MC SGTR QDRHCT@K DWOQDRRHNMR BNTKC AD VQHSSDM CHQDBSKX HM SGD ENQLTK@SHNM NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM *E QDRHCT@KR G@UD SN AD BNLOTSDC HLOKHBHSKX SGDM NMD G@R SN TRD @ %#( @MC BNMUDQS HS SN @ QDRHCT@K FDMDQ@SNQ "KSGNTFG BKNRDC ENQL "33R BNTKC AD CDQHUDC ENQ SGD BNMRHCDQDC RXRSDL VD VHKK RGNV SG@S SGD R@LD QDRTKSR B@M AD NAS@HMDC AX ENKKNVHMF SGD LNQD FDMDQ@K @OOQN@BG NE HLOKHBHS QDRHCT@K FDMDQ@SHNM 5GD HLOKHBHS QDRHCT@K FDMDQ@SNQ NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HM %#( ENQL 'HF 3 AKNBJ TQD HR CDQHUDC EQNL 'HFTQD A @MC SGDM HS HR BNMUDQSDC SN 4HLTKHMJ
CH@FQ@L ENQL @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 #KNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD CH@FMNRSHB ANMC FQ@OG NE SGD SVNS@MJ OQNBDRR
*M @ %#( NMD L@X VQHSD IF θ DF @MC SGD S@QFDS U@KTD NE SGD NOSHLHY@SHNM OQNBDRR @R IK F θ ; 7 QDRHCT@KR LTRS AD YDQN VGDM DU@KT@SDC VHSG BNQQDBS O@ Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR VHSG SGD @RRTLOSHNM SG@S SGDQD HR MN BG@MFD SN SGD LNCDK RSQTBSTQD ; 7 SGD BNMRSQ@HMSR @QD RS@SHB *M CHRBQDSDSHLD QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM EQNL "33R TRDR CDQHU@SHUDR B@KBTK@SDC AX TRHMF SGD C@S@ HM SGD OQDUHNTR R@LOKD 5GD NAS@HMDC CDQHU @SHUD VHKK MNS AD @ FNNC @OOQNWHL@SHNM HE SGD R@LOKHMF SHLD HR K@QFD 5GDQDENQD @S =SG R@LOKHMF HMRS@MBD NMD L@X B@KBTK@SD SGD QDRHCT@K ENQ SGD ITRS OQDUHNTR RSDO ; 7 = SG RSDO 5GDM SGD QDRHCT@KR NE SGD SVN S@MJ RXRSDL RDD &PT@SHNM L@X AD DU@KT@SDC @R
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
( = ( = ( = ( = , * ( = ( = ( = ( = ( = D = * , *
D = ) B =
VGDQD , HR SGD R@LOKHMF SHLD @MC = HR SGD R@LOKD MTLADQ /NSD SG@S QDRHCT@K B@KBT K@SHNM HR CDK@XDC AX NMD RSDO 5GD CHRBQDSDSHLD QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SNQ NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD %#( NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD AKNBJR G@UHMF F@HM L L @QD TRDC SN B@KBTK@SD CHRBQDSDSHLD CDQHU@SHUDR VHSG R@LOKHMF ODQHNC NE R
97 #KNBJ CH@FQ@L QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD CH@FMNRSHB ANMC FQ@OG NE SGD SVNS@MJ OQNBDRR VHSG QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM HM CHRBQDSD SHLD
5GD SNO O@QS HM 'HFTQD HR SGD @BST@K OQNBDRR @MC SGD ANSSNL O@QS HR SGD CH@FMNRSHB QDRHCT@K FDMDQ@SNQ O@QS 5GD NAIDBSHUD HR SN CDSDQLHMD O@Q@LDSDQR HM SGD CH@FMNRSHB O@QS RTBG SG@S RPT@QD NE SGD QDRHCT@KR @QD LHMHLHYDC "MX @QAHSQ@QX HMHSH@K BNMCHSHNMR L@X AD @RRHFMDC SN SGD SVN HMSDFQ@SHNM AKNBJR HM SGD LNCDK 5GD NTSOTS NE SGD LNCDK HM 'HFTQD SVN QDRHCT@KR L@X AD TRDC SN CDMD SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM @R FHUDM HM SGD BNCD ADKNV 0>8-=398 0'+850>8, 7B9:=< <37
&W@LOKD ** " 3DEQHFDQ@SNQ 4TARXRSDL
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
H1=@<5 (56B975B1D?B )E2CICD5= " SGDQLNTHC OQNBDRR BNMRHCDQDC GDQD HR BNLONRDC NE ENTQ L@HM BNLONMDMSR @ BNLOQDRRNQ @ BNMCDMRDQ B@OHKK@QX STADR @MC SGD DU@ONQ@SNQ @R RGNVM HM 'HF TQD " L@SGDL@SHB@K LNCDK NE SGD OQNBDRR DWBKTCHMF B@OHKK@QX STAD @MC DU@ONQ@SNQ TMHS HR CDQHUDC HM <= VHSG SGD ENKKNVHMF @RRTLOSHNMR 5GD QDEQHFDQ@MS DMSDQHMF SGD BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK HR RHMFKDOG@RD
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
97 5GDQLNTHC OQNBDRR QDEQHFDQ@SNQ RBGDL@SHB
5GD LNSNQ HMDEBHDMBHDR 7 9 EQHBSHNM @MC DKDBSQHB LNSNQ KNRRDR @QD SQ@MRENQLDC HMSN GD@S 5GD SGDQL@K DEEDBSR NE SGD KTAQHB@SHMF NHK L@X AD KTLODC VHSG SGD BNLOQDRRNQ RGDKK 5GD @UDQ@FD L@RR NV Q@SD HR TMHENQL CTD SN BNMRS@MS BNLOQDRRNQ RODDC 5GD BNMCDMRDQ GD@S SQ@MREDQ OQNBDRR HR HM RTODQGD@S OG@RD
*12<5 1@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR ENQ SGD QDEQHFDQ@SNQ RTARXRSDL LNCDK 7@QH@AKD / ;@ ηF :5? :;@ 5E :AGF 5E :55 ? %? %8 %5 % ,8 ; 3? 3;@ E 3AGF E 35 5? 5H 8 5H5 5B 8 D? DE ε? εE σ ,f
%DRBQHOSHNM $NLOQDRRNQ ONVDQ 5GDQL@K DEBHDMBX NE BNLOQDRRNQ $NMUDBSHUD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE LNSNQ $NMUDBSHUD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE HMRHCD NE RGDKK $NMUDBSHUD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE NTSRHCD NE RGDKK $NMUDBSHUD GD@S SQ@MREDQ BNDEBHDMS NE BNMCDMRDQ .@RR NV Q@SD .@RR NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ .@RR NE THC QDEQHFDQ@MS .@RR NE BNMCDMRDQ &PTHU@KDMS GD@S B@O@BHSX NE RGDKK @MC KTAQHB@SHMF NHK % %E 5E %A;> 5A;> *MKDS THC SDLODQ@STQD 4TQE@BD @QD@ NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ 4TQE@BD @QD@ NE HMRHCD NE BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK 4TQE@BD @QD@ NE NTSRHCD NE BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK 4TQE@BD @QD@ NE RTODQGD@S BNMCDMRDQ 4ODBHB GD@S NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ 4ODBHB GD@S NE THC @S BNMRS@MS UNKTLD 4ODBHB GD@S NE BNLOQDRRNQ LDS@K 4ODBHB GD@S NE THC @S BNMRS@MS OQDRRTQD 3@CHTR NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ 3@CHTR NE BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK &LHRRHUHSX NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ &LHRRHUHSX NE BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK 4SDE@M#NKSYL@MM BNMRS@MS "LAHDMS SDLODQ@STQD
7@KTD 8 8 L , 8 L , 8 L , 8 L , JFR JF JF JF +, , L L L L + JF, + JF, + JF, + JF, L L 8 L , ,
&W@LOKD ** " 3DEQHFDQ@SNQ 4TARXRSDL
5GD CXM@LHBR NE SGDRD BNLONMDMSR @QD CDQHUDC EQNL SGD QRS K@V NE SGDQLNCX M@LHBR @MC GD@S SQ@MREDQ OQHMBHOKDR @OOKHDC SN SGD $NMSQNK 7NKTLDR $7 RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 8D G@UD BNMRHCDQDC SGD RXRSDL @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD ENQ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKHMF RHLTK@SHNM @MC '%* @M@KXRHR 5GD MNLDMBK@STQD @MC SGD O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR TRDC HM SGD LNCDK @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD
97 $NLOQDRRNQ @MC RTODQGD@S BNMCDMRDQ RBGDL@SHB
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εσ 3 ,: ,5
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGDQLNTHC OQNBDRR VHSG OQDEDQQDC CDQHU@SHUD @MC OQDEDQQDC HM UDQSDC CDSDBSNQ B@TR@KHSX
VGDQD ε HR SGD DLHRRHUHSX NE SGD NAIDBS σ HR SGD 4SDE@M#NKSYL@MM BNMRS@MS @MC 3 HR SGD RTQE@BD @QD@ 8D B@M LNCDK SGD GD@S SQ@MREDQ CTD SN Q@CH@SHNM AX TRHMF @ SVNONQS MNMKHMD@Q 3DKC RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD MNMKHMD@Q BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNM NE SGD 3DKC RDD 'HFTQD HR FHUDM @R ) εσ 3? ,? ,E VGDQD ε
ε?
E ε εE
HR SGD DPTHU@KDMS DLHRRHUHSX NE SGD BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ ε ? @MC SGD RGDKK ε E "M@KXRHR NE SGD B@TR@K O@SGR NM SGD CHEEDQDMSH@KKX B@TR@KKDC LNCDK QDUD@KR SG@S SGD RXRSDL HR RSQTBSTQ@KKX NARDQU@AKD VHSG ENTQ RDMRNQR $NQQDRONMCHMF SN SGD ENTQ RDMRNQR ENTQ "33R @QD CDQHUDC @R ENKKNVR "33? / ;@ η F
σ 3?
,? ,E
ε E D? ε? εE DE :5? 3? ,? , 8 %? 5? ,? B 8 , 8 ; , 8 :5? 3? ,? , 8 "33 8 ?5 ;@ :;@ 5E 3E ,E , 8 % 8 5H 8 , 8 σ 3? AGF AGF "33E
,? ,E :5E 3E ,E ,f ε E D? ε? εE DE ;@ ;@ :5E 3E ,E , 8 % ,E? B 8 , 8 ,5 %5 5H5 ,5 :55 35 ,5 ,f "335 ?5
&W@LOKD ** " 3DEQHFDQ@SNQ 4TARXRSDL
&U@KT@SHNMR NE "33? "33 8 "33E @MC "335 QDRTKS HM QDRHCT@KR D? D 8 DE @MC D5 QDRODBSHUDKX 5GD '4. RGNVM HM 5@AKD HR NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD "33R AX BNM :AGF RHCDQHMF η F ? 5E @MC :55 @R SGD O@Q@LDSDQR NE JDX BNLONMDMSR 5GD '4. G@R @ RSQTBSTQDC O@QS @MC @M TMRSQTBSTQDC O@QS VGHBG @QD L@QJDC HM 5@AKD *M SGD RSQTBSTQDC O@QS E@TKSR HM η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ηF :AGF 5E :55 ?
D?
3DRHCT@KR DE D5
D8
*M SGD MDWS RDBSHNM VD BNMRHCDQ RHLTKS@MDNTR CDUH@SHNMR HM @KK SGD O@Q@LDSDQR @MC BNMSHMTNTRKX DRSHL@SD O@Q@LDSDQR U@KTDR ENQ @KK E@TKS B@MCHC@SDR
.B9A @<9.A6<; )5?
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
97 5DLODQ@STQD QDRONMRDR EQNL RDMRNQR CTQHMF MN E@TKS
DMUDKNO SGD QDRHCT@KR VHSG SGD CDRHQDC BNMCDMBD KHLHS @S @KK SHLDR CTQHMF MNQL@K OQNBDRR NODQ@SHNM " FDMDQ@K ENQL ENQ @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC HR FHUDM HM $G@OSDQ VGHBG HR @KRN @OOKHB@AKD ENQ SGHR BG@OSDQ 5GD U@QH@AKDR λ η; λ σ ; 7F5 RDD 4DBSHNM B@M AD @RRHFMDC RL@KK U@KTDR SN L@JD QDRHCT@KR NUDQRDMRHSHUD SN E@TKSR @MC TMJMNVM HMOTSR
*12<5 "C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC O@Q@LDSDQR 5GQDRGNKC O@Q@LDSDQR ETMBSHNMR ΨF δ @; λ @; L φF δ σ; λ σ;
D? F 8 8
3DRHCT@KR DE D8 F F 8 8 8 8
D5 F 8 8
5GD U@KTDR NE SGQDRGNKC O@Q@LDSDQR BNMRHCDQDC ENQ SGHR DW@LOKD @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD *M OQ@BSHBD DWODQHLDMS@K C@S@ @U@HK@AKD HM SGD ENQL NE @ OQNBDRR GHRSNQX C@S@ A@RD @QD TRDC SN CDSDQLHMD SGD WDC SGQDRGNKC O@Q@LDSDQR NQ SHLD U@QXHMF SGQDRGNKC ETMBSHNMR 3DRHCT@KR @QD MNQL@KHYDC AX TRHMF SGD SGQDRGNKCR FHUDM HM 5@AKD @MC SGD MNQL@KHY@SHNM ETMBSHNM FHUDM HM &PT@SHNM RN SG@S CTQHMF MNQL@K NODQ@SHNM SGDX @QD ANTMCDC VHSGHM
&W@LOKD ** " 3DEQHFDQ@SNQ 4TARXRSDL
@ D? VHSG HSR SGQDRGNKC
A DE VHSG HSR SGQDRGNKC
B D 8 VHSG HSR SGQDRGNKC
C D5 VHSG HSR SGQDRGNKC
97 4DKDBSHNM NE @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC O@Q@LDSDQR NM TMMNQL@KHYDC E@TKSEQDD QDRHCT@KR
"AQTOS OQNFQDRRHUD @MC HMSDQLHSSDMS GTMSHMF E@HKTQDR @QD BNMRHCDQDC HM SGD ENK KNVHMF E@TKS RBDM@QHNR $NMCDMRDQ E@M LNSNQ E@HKTQD BNMCDMRDQ E@M LNSNQ E@HKTQD QDRTKSR HM KNRR NE ENQBDC BNMUDBSHNM VGHBG HR RHLTK@SDC AX QDCTBHMF :55 @AQTOSKX EQNL MNLHM@K 8 L , SN @ RL@KKDQ U@KTD NE 8 L , @S F R 0TSRHCD BNUDQHMF NE BNLOQDRRNQRGDKK SGD O@Q@LDSDQ :AGF 5E HR BNMRHCDQDC SN CQHES OQNFQDRRHUDKX VHSG SHLD @MC RDSSKD @S G@KE NE HSR MNLHM@K U@KTD *M SGD RHL TK@SHNM VD G@UD HMSQNCTBDC
SGD E@TKS@S F R AX @RRTLHMF @ ETMBSHNM AGF AGF :5E F :5E $F 7DFF 8 GE F 8 VGDQD D R F 8 R @MC GE HR SGD TMHS RSDO NQ )D@UHRHCD ETMBSHNM /NSD SG@S ENQ SGD BGNRDM U@KTD NE CDB@X Q@SD D SGHR E@TKS B@M AD BNMRHCDQDC SN AD @KLNRS @AQTOS $NLOQDRRNQ OHRSNM KD@J@FD SGHR E@TKS HR @KRN NE OQNFQDRRHUD SXOD @MC HS HR RHLT K@SDC AX QDCTBHMF ? SN G@KE NE HSR U@KTD RS@QSHMF @S F R VHSG @ RL@KK CDB@X Q@SD D R $NLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ GTMSHMF E@HKTQD GTMSHMF ADG@UHNQ NE BNLOQDRRNQ LNSNQ HR @M HMCHB@SNQ NE @M HMBHOHDMS E@TKS 5N RHLTK@SD SGHR ADG@UHNQ @ RPT@QD V@UD ETMBSHNM G@R ADDM TRDC SN CDBQD@RD SGD U@KTD NE η F @AQTOSKX SN @MC RTRS@HM SG@S U@KTD ENQ R SGDM QDRSNQD SGD U@KTD NE η F A@BJ SN HSR MNQL@K U@KTD NE @MC L@HMS@HM
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
HS ENQ R @MC SGDQD@ESDQ SGD BXBKD QDOD@SR 5GHR SXOD NE GTMSHMF HM LNSNQ HR @M HMCHB@SHNM NE L@INQ E@HKTQD NE SGD LNSNQ HM MD@Q ETSTQD 5GHR E@TKS HR HMSQNCTBDC @S F R 5GD R@LOKHMF SHLD S@JDM HM SGD RHLTK@SHNM HR R 5GD U@QH@SHNMR NE SDLODQ@STQDR VHSG SHLD ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD E@TKSR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 3DRONMRDR NE SDLODQ@STQDR EQNL OK@MS LNCDK RHLTK@SHNM ADENQD @MC @ESDQ E@TKSR
5GD MNHRX RDMRNQ C@S@ @QD OQNBDRRDC ADENQD SGDX @QD TRDC ENQ QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM 3 ETMBSHNM KSKS HR TRDC ENQ YDQNOG@RD @MC O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM " ."5-"#
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
/NQL@KHYDC QDRHCT@KR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @QD OQNBDRRDC ETQSGDQ ENQ ED@STQD DWSQ@BSHNM HM RDBNMC OG@RD AX TRHMF BTLTK@SHUD RTL @KFNQHSGL @MC @K@QL RS@SD HR CDBK@QDC NM SGD A@RHR NE SGQDRGNKC BQNRRHMF AX SGD BTLTK@SHUD RTL 'HFTQD 5GD BNLLNM SGQDRGNKC ENQ MNQL@KHYDC QDRHCT@KR HR RGNVM AX SGD RG@CDC @QD@ HM 'HFTQD "KK SGD QDRHCT@KR @MC SGDHQ BTLTK@SHUD RTLR CQHES EQNL MNLHM@K YDQN U@KTD @S CHEEDQDMS SHLDR TONM HMSQNCTBSHNM NE CHEEDQDMS E@TKSR
&W@LOKD ** " 3DEQHFDQ@SNQ 4TARXRSDL
97 3DRHCT@K QDRONMRDR ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD E@TKSR
97 $TLTK@SHUD RTLR NE QDRHCT@KR
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
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
@
A 97 &RSHL@SDC O@Q@LDSDQR NE SGD QDEQHFDQ@SNQ RTARXRSDL 1 &RSHL@SDC ? @MC :55 2 &RSHL@SDC η F @MC :AGF 5E
H1=@<5 $?> <9>51B *G? D1>; )ICD5= )52 (F@A2: .;1 A@ <;1 ?.=5 "<129 " BNMSQNKKDC SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD LNCDK U@QH@AKDR @MC OQNBDRR O@Q@LDSDQR @KNMF VHSG SGDHQ MNLDMBK@STQDR @QD FHUDM HM 5@AKD 5GD OQNBDRR BNMRHRSR NE SVN S@MJR 5 @MC 5 VGHBG @QD BNMMDBSDC AX @ OHOD VHSG @ U@KUD 5N R@SHREX SGD NARDQU@AHKHSX BNMCHSHNMR VD @RRTLD SG@S SGD U@KUDR 7 @MC 7 @QD MDUDQ ETKKX BKNRDC 5GD U@KUD 7 HR TRDC SN RHLTK@SD KD@J@FD HM S@MJ 5
&W@LOKD *** " /NMKHMD@Q 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97 1QNBDRR @MC *M RSQTLDMS@SHNM 1 * CH@FQ@L NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
*12<5 1@Q@LDSDQR NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL 4XLANK #B #! +(F (?3J (?;@ 8?3J ; 6 6 6 (3F?
%DRBQHOSHNM 1QNONQSHNM@K F@HM NE 1* BNMSQNKKDQ *MSDFQ@K F@HM NE 1* BNMSQNKKDQ 4DSONHMS NE SGD 1* BNMSQNKKDQ 6OODQ KHLHS NE 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ -NVDQ KHLHS NE 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ .@WHLTL NTSNV EQNL OTLO $QNRRRDBSHNM@K @QD@ NE S@MJR 5; ; %HRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 %HRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 %HRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMS NE U@KUD 7 "SLNROGDQHB OQDRRTQD F@FD
7@KTD LR L /L /L /L JFR L JF L JF L JF L /L
5GD S@MJ 5 HR KKDC AX @ OTLO @MC SGD HMKDS NV )( SN SGD S@MJ 5 HR BNMSQNKKDC AX @ 1* BNMSQNKKDQ VGHBG HR @BST@SDC AX @ OQDRRTQD RDMRNQ ( HMRS@KKDC @S SGD ANSSNL NE SGD S@MJ 5 5GD BNMSQNK BNLL@MC G( EQNL SGD 1* BNMSQNKKDQ @BST@SDR SGD OTLO NV HM NQCDQ SN L@HMS@HM SGD OQDRRTQD HM S@MJ 5 @BBNQCHMF SN @ RDSONHMS +(F 5GD OTLO BG@Q@BSDQHRSHBR @MC SGD 1* BNMSQNKKDQ ETMBSHNM @QD QDOQDRDMSDC AX Φ( G( @MC Φ(! ( QDRODBSHUDKX 5GD 1* BNMSQNK K@V @MC SGD OTLO NV R@STQ@SHNM K@V G@UD @OOD@QDC D@QKHDQ HM $G@OSDQ 5GD V@SDQ KDUDK HM S@MJ 5 HR BNMSQNKKDC AX @M 0M 0EE BNMSQNKKDQ Φ' VGHBG HR @BST@SDC AX @MNSGDQ OQDRRTQD RDMRNQ ( HMRS@KKDC @S SGD ANSSNL NE SGD S@MJ 5 5GD BNMSQNK BNLL@MC GA EQNL SGD 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ LNMHSNQR NV SGQNTFG U@KUD 7 SN JDDO SGD OQDRRTQD @S SGD ANSSNL NE S@MJ 5 HM SGD Q@MFD (?;@ SN (?3J 5GD BNMSQNK K@V HR FHUDM @R HE ( (?3J GA Φ' ( HE ( (?;@ 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE SGD RXRSDL HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX @MC AHB@TR@KHSX ENQ CDQHU@SHNM NE "33R @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQDR @MC QDRODBSHUDKX
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
97 #NMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX
97 #HB@TR@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
'[email protected] 2;2?.A6<; .;1 .B9A 2A20A6<; 5GDQD @QD SVN RDMRNQR SVN LD@RTQDC RHFM@KR EQNL BNMSQNKKDQR NTSOTSR EQNL 1* @MC 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQR @MC @M HMSDQM@K RNTQBD OTLO HM SGD OQNBDRR 5GDQDENQD UD "33R @QD NAS@HMDC EQNL SGD AHB@TR@K ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK FHUDM HM 'HFTQD @R "33 1TLO )( Φ( ( "33 1* BNMSQNKKDQ G( Φ(! ( "33 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ GA Φ' (
1 1 "33 )( ( 6 $( ( $ GA 6 $( $ 9
1 1 "33 6 $( ( $ GA ( 6 $( $ 9
VGNRD DU@KT@SHNMR XHDKC UD QDRHCT@KR D; ; $NMRHCDQHMF NMKX OQNBDRR E@TKSR ; 7 A@RDC NM SGD @RRTLOSHNMR SG@S RDMRNQR B@MMNS AD E@TKSX SGD ONSDMSH@K E@TKSR @QD BNMRHCDQDC NMKX HM SGD BNMSQNKKDQR OTLO @MC SGD
&W@LOKD *** " /NMKHMD@Q 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
U@KUDR U@KUD 7 6 U@KUD 7 6 @MC U@KUD 7 6 5GD QDRTKSHMF '4. HR FHUDM HM 5@AKD
*12<5 '4. NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL
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
$NGDQDMBD UDBSNQ D D
'@TKS B@MCHC@SDR /N E@TKS 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
.B9A @<9.A6<; )5?
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
5GHR L@X AD SQD@SDC @R @ RDBNMC KDUDK CDBHRHNM OQNBDCTQD )DQD VD G@UD RHLTK@SDC @ SXOD % E@TKS RHFM@STQD < = AX RHLTKS@MDNTRKX QDCTBHMF SGD U@KTD NE 6 AKNBJ@FD HM 7 @MC HMBQD@RHMF SGD U@KTD NE 6 KD@J@FD EQNL 5 VGHKD SGD U@KTD NE 6 QDL@HMR TM@KSDQDC 4HMBD SGD MTLADQ NE TMJMNVMR DWBDDCR SGD MTLADQ NE QDRHCT@KR NMD @CCHSHNM@K SDLONQ@K HMENQL@SHNM C HR TRDC SN CDMD SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM RODBHDC ENQ O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM 5GD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD HR RHLTK@SDC @MC TMBNQQDK@SDC (@TRRH@M MNHRDR @LNTMSHMF SN NE SGD RHLTK@SDC RDMRNQ NTSOTSR @QD RTODQONRDC SN QD@KHYD QD@K RDMRNQ NTSOTSR ( @MC ( 5GDRD MNHRX 3 ETMBSHNM KSKS 5N KSDQ NTS SGD RDMRNQ C@S@ @QD KSDQDC NTS TRHMF SGD ."5-"#
MNHRD EQNL RDMRNQ RHFM@KR @MC SGDHQ CDQHU@SHUDR C@S@ ONHMSR @QD BNMRHCDQDC HM SGD AX BG@MFHMF 6 EQNL KSKS ETMBSHNM 5GD AKNBJ@FD E@TKS & HM U@KUD 7 HR RHLTK@SDC & HSR MNLHM@K U@KTD NE JFL SN JFL @MC SGD KD@J@FD E@TKS HM HR HMSQNCTBDC AX BG@MFHMF SGD U@KTD NE 6 EQNL HSR MNLHM@K YDQN U@KTD SN S@MJ 5 & JFL #NSG SGD E@TKSR @QD RHLTKS@MDNTRKX HMSQNCTBDC @S R 5GD SHLD QDRONMRDR NE RDMRNQ RHFM@KR ( ( @MC )( EQNL SGD OK@MS LNCDK ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD E@TKSR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD
97 4DMRNQ QDRONMRDR EQNL OK@MS LNCDK ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD E@TKSR
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
&W@LOKD *** " /NMKHMD@Q 5VNS@MJ 4XRSDL
97 3DRHCT@K QD RONMRDR ANSG ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD E@TKSR
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
97 .NUHMF @UDQ@FDR NE QDRHCT@KR
/NSD SG@S @ BNLOKDW @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC RDD 4DBSHNM B@M AD CDMDC SN DM UDKNO SGD QDRHCT@KR *E VD BNMRHCDQ GA 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ RHFM@K @R NMD NE SGD HMOTSR SGDM VD B@M TRD HS SN LNCTK@SD @ RHLOKD @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC CDUDKNODC HM $G@OSDQ AX RDO@Q@SHMF SGD TOODQ @MC KNVDQ ANTMCR NE SGD SGQDRGNKC NE D@BG QDRHCT@K @R RGNVM
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
HM 'HFTQD 5GD SGQDRGNKC CDMDC HM 'HFTQD HR RDMRHSHUD SN GXAQHC SQ@M RHSHNMR ; 7 HS @CCR RS@SHB RGHESR ITRS ADENQD @MC @ESDQ SGD SHLD HMRS@MSR BNQQDRONMCHMF SN 6G 6F )NVDUDQ SGHR RBGDLD NE @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKCHMF VNTKC QDPTHQD @M 3 BD;AD; JMNVKDCFD NE VGDM 6G 6F VHKK AD MNMYDQN @MC GDMBD HS HR CHEBTKS SN HLOKD LDMS 0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC SGD @C@OSHUD SGQDRGNKC CDUDKNODC HM 4DBSHNM HR LNQD @BBTQ@SD @MC D@RHDQ SN HLOKDLDMS
97 $TLTK@SHUD RTLR NE QDRHCT@KR
97 "C@OSHUD SGQDRG NKC ENQ @ SVNS@MJ RXRSDL QDRHCT@K
*E GA 0M0EE BNMSQNKKDQ RHFM@K HR YDQN SGDM SGD SDQLR BNMS@HMHMF 6 HM "33 @MC "33 FHUDM HM &PT@SHNM U@MHRG @R SGNRD SDQLR @QD LTKSHOKHDC VHSG GA 5GDQDENQD 6 B@MMNS AD DRSHL@SDC CTQHMF SGD 0EE ODQHNC NE SGD BNMSQNKKDQ ATS 6 @MC 6 @QD DRSHL@SDC CTQHMF SG@S CTQ@SHNM AX RNKUHMF NTS RHLOKD @KFDAQ@HB DPT@ SHNMR NAS@HMDC @ESDQ DKHLHM@SHMF SGD SDQLR BNMS@HMHMF 6 EQNL "33 @MC "33
0OSHLHY@SHNM AX 6RHMF 3DRHCT@K 4DMRHSHUHSX
RDD &PT@SHNM 5GD DRSHL@SHNMR NE SGD SGQDD CHRBG@QFD BNDEBHDMSR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @MC 'HFTQD VGHBG U@KHC@SDR SGD E@TKS RBDM@QHN RHLTK@SHNM 5GD CTQ@SHNMR ENQ VGHBG U@KUD 7 QDL@HMDC BKNRDC @QD HMCHB@SDC AX SGD RG@CDC ONQSHNMR HM 'HFTQDR @MC
97 3DRONMRDR NE DRSHL@SDC 6 @MC 6
97 3DRONMRD NE DRSH L@SDC 6
%@D9=9J1D9?> 2I +C9>7 (5C94E1< )5>C9D9F9DI "KK NOSHLHY@SHNM OQNAKDLR RS@SDC OQDUHNTRKX HM SGHR RDBSHNM VDQD RNKUDC SGQNTFG /DKCDQ.D@C R RHLOKDW @KFNQHSGL &@BG O@Q@LDSDQ HM SGD E@TKS RTARO@BD ; 7 θ ; 4O ; ? V@R DRSHL@SDC AX TRHMF KD@RS RPT@QDR NOSHLHY@SHNM NE @ QDRHCT@KR VHSG SGD NOSHLHY@SHNM OQNAKDL ENQLTK@SDC @R LHM " θ VGDQD θ
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
" θ
=
¦
<=C
BL , F < 'LB F <
HR SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM θ ? ' @@ HR @ ONRHSHUD RDLHCDMHSD VDHFGSHMF ETMBSHNM BL F < @ HR SGD MNQL@KHYDC QDRHCT@K UDBSNQ @S <SG R@LOKD = HR SGD OQDRDMS R@LOKD MTLADQ @MC C HR SGD MTLADQ NE O@RS R@LOKDR BNMRHCDQDC "KK QDRHCT@KR HM @QD MNQL@KHYDC @R FHUDM HM &PT@SHNM " FQ@CHDMS RD@QBG NOSHLHY@SHNM @KFNQHSGL NEEDQR ETQSGDQ HLOQNUDLDMS HM O@Q@ LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM AX QDCTBHMF SGD MTLADQ NE HSDQ@SHNMR 5GHR @OOQN@BG TRDR O@QSH@K CDQHU@SHUDR NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM VHSG QDRODBS SN O@Q@LDSDQR B@KKDC RDMRHSHUHSHDR $NMRHCDQHMF SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM " θ
-,
IF θ IK F, 'FIF θ IK F6F
VGDQD IK F HR SGD S@QFDS @MC IF θ HR SGD NTSOTS EQNL @ RHLTK@SHNM LNCDK VD G@UD ∂ " θ ∂θ;
-,
IF θ IK F, 'F
∂ IF θ 6F ∂θ;
5GD RDBNMC CDQHU@SHUD NE " θ B@M AD VQHSSDM AX TRHMF (@TRR/DVSNM @OOQNWH L@SHNM @R -, ∂ IF θ , ∂ IF θ ∂ " θ 6F 'F ∂θ; ∂θ; ∂ θ ;
∂ IF θ HR SGD UDBSNQ NE NTSOTS RDMRHSHUHSHDR VHSG QDRODBS SN O@Q@LDSDQ θ ; ∂θ; (Q@CHDMSR NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM CDMDC HM &PT@SHNM L@X AD CDQHUDC HM @M @M@KNFNTR L@MMDQ #DB@TRD @KK QDRHCT@KR @QD MNQL@KHYDC NMD L@X BNMRHCDQ ' SN AD @M HCDMSHSX L@SQHW @MC SGDM
VGDQD
∂ " θ ∂θ; @MC
=
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∂ Db; F < ∂θ;
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0OSHLHY@SHNM AX 6RHMF 3DRHCT@K 4DMRHSHUHSX
∂ D; F < H3> ∂θ; VGDQD
∂ "33; ∂θ;
FF <
∂ "33; HR @ RXLANKHB QDK@SHNM B@KKDC QDRHCT@K RDMRHSHUHSX ETMBSHNM ∂θ;
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∂ " θ ∂ " θ @ UDBSNQ @MC @MNSGDQ UDBSNQ @S SGD FHUDM FTDRR ∂θ ∂θ
∂ " θ ∂ " θ ∆θ ∂θ ∂θ 6OC@SD θ HM SGD CHQDBSHNM NE RSDDODRS FQ@CHDMS ; 7 θ θ ∆ θ &U@KT@SD " θ *E SGD MDV U@KTD NE NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM HR KNVDQ SG@M HSR OQDUHNTR U@KTD SGDM OQNBDDC SN RSDO DKRD TRD @ AHRDBSHNM SDBGMHPTD AX BGNNRHMF ∆ θ ∆ θ @MC QDOD@S RSDOR @MC 5GD @KFNQHSGL SDQLHM@SDR VGDM SGD RSDO RHYD NQ SGD U@KTD NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM HR KDRR SG@M RNLD OQDCDMDC SGQDRGNKC 'HMC @ RSDO BG@MFD ∆ θ RTBG SG@S
4SDO HR MNQL@KKX RNKUDC SGQNTFG @ RHMFTK@Q U@KTD CDBNLONRHSHNMA@RDC ORDTCN HMUDQRD /NSD SG@S HE SGD CHEEDQDMS SDQLR HM SGD "33R BNMS@HM NMKX @ RHMFKD U@QH@AKD ∂ " θ ; < 5GDM RSDO NE SGD @KFNQHSGL L@X AD VQHSSDM @R SGD RNKT SGDM ∂ θ ;∂ θ < ∂ " θ VGDQD HR SGD )DRRH@M L@SQHW FHUDM AX SHNM NE ∆ θ ∂θ ∂ " θ ∂ θ ∂ " θ ∂ θ ∂ " θ ∂ θ ?
E.:=92 8D BNMRHCDQ SGD R@LD RXRSDL TRDC HM 4DBSHNM @R @ O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM OQNA KDL 8D BNMRHCDQ SG@S SGDQD HR MN E@TKS HM SGD OQNBDRR 5GD NAIDBSHUD HR SN TRD SGD
.TKSHOKD '@TKS *RNK@SHNM 5GQNTFG 1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
DMSHQD C@S@ RDS @MC DRSHL@SD SGD O@Q@LDSDQR NE SGD RXRSDL 5N BNLOTSD ADSSDQ @O OQNWHL@SHNM NE CDQHU@SHUDR VD TRD SGD QDRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM HM SGD ENQL TRDC HM &PT@ SHNM 5GD LD@RTQDC OQNBDRR NTSOTSR @QD @RRTLDC SN AD HMCDODMCDMS U@QH@AKDR 'QNL &PT@SHNM SGD QDRHCT@K RDMRHSHUHSHDR VHSG QDRODBS SN SGD O@Q@LDSDQ UDB SNQ ; 7 θ * * @QD ( = ( = ∂ " θ ∂ D = ∂θ , θ ∂ θ
∂ D = ∂θ ∂ D = ∂θ ∂ D = ∂θ ∂ D = ∂θ ∂ D = ∂θ ∂ D = ∂θ
( = ( = ( = ( =
( = ( = , θ
∂ D = ( = ∂θ
5GDM SGD RDMRHSHUHSHDR NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM VHSG QDRODBS SN O@Q@LDSDQR @QD FHUDM @R >
& ∂" ∂ D = ¦ D = ∂ θ = ∂θ
>
& ∂" ∂ D = ∂ D = ¦ D = D = ∂ θ = ∂θ ∂θ
>
& ∂" ∂ D = ¦ D = ∂ θ = ∂θ
>
& ∂" ∂ D = ¦ D = ∂ θ = ∂θ
VGDQD & HR SGD SNS@K MTLADQ NE R@LOKDR 5GD RDBNMC CDQHU@SHUDR NE SGD NAIDBSHUD ETMBSHNM @QD @OOQNWHL@SDC @R
0OSHLHY@SHNM AX 6RHMF 3DRHCT@K 4DMRHSHUHSX
& ∂ D = ∂ " ¦ ∂θ ∂ θ = & ∂ D = ∂ D = ∂ " ¦ : ∂θ ∂θ ∂ θ = & ∂ D = ∂ " ¦ : ∂θ ∂ θ = & ∂ D = ∂ " ¦ : ∂θ ∂ θ =
:
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<1CC931< )ICD5= >F5BC9?> <7?B9D8=C 5GD HMUDQRHNM @KFNQHSGL FHUDM AX 4HKUDQL@M <= HR QDK@SDC SN ODQENQLHMF RTBBDR RHUD CHEEDQDMSH@K @MC @KFDAQ@HB SQ@MRENQL@SHNMR NE SGD NTSOTS K RN @R SN NAS@HM @ QD K@SHNMRGHO VGHBG B@M AD RNKUDC HE ONRRHAKD ENQ SGD HMOTS G HM SDQLR NE SGD RS@SD J SGD NTSOTS K @MC HSR CDQHU@SHUDR 5GHR CDMHSHNM HR @OOKHB@AKD SN ANSG SGD KHMD@Q @MC MNMKHMD@Q RXRSDLR 'NQ FDMDQ@K KHMD@Q RXRSDLR SGHR B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC AX TRHMF @ RS@SD RO@BD LNCDK @R ENKKNVR < = J F J F G F K F J F G F
VGDQD G ? HR SGD HMOTS UDBSNQ K ? HR SGD NTSOTS UDBSNQ J @ QDOQDRDMSR SGD RS@SD UDBSNQ @MC @QD SGD L@SQHBDR NE @OOQNOQH@SD CHLDMRHNMR 5GD HMUDQRD RXRSDL HE HS DWHRSR B@M AD VQHSSDM AX TRHMF FDMDQ@KHYDC RS@SD RO@BD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM @R ENKKNVR L F L F B K F G F L F B K F
VGDQD @MC @QD BNMRS@MS L@SQHBDR VGHKD B @MC B @QD ONKXMNLH@K L@SQHBDR HM SGD CHEEDQDMSH@K NODQ@SNQ B66F \ @MC L HR @ FDMDQ@KHYDC RS@SD UDBSNQ NE CHLDMRHNM D @ D "M @KSDQM@SHUD QDOQDRDMS@SHNM NE SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL HM SGD RHMFTK@Q NQ CDRBQHOSNQ ENQL <= B@M AD VQHSSDM @R 0 F E 0 F E K F G F E 0 F E K F
VGDQD HR @ RHMFTK@Q L@SQHW 0 HR @ CDRBQHOSNQ UDBSNQ NE CHLDMRHNM DE DE @ @MC E E E @MC E @QD BNMRS@MS L@SQHBDR NE @OOQNOQH@SD CHLDMRHNMR *M SGHR B@RD VD VNTKC RODBHB@KKX SQX SN NAS@HM SGD ENQL FHUDM HM &PT@SHNM
'@TKS 5NKDQ@MS $NMSQNK
!6;2.? )6:2 ;C.?6.;A !) (F@A2: ;C2?@6<; 5GD HMUDQRHNM NE @ FDMDQ@K -5* RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD E HR SGD RXRSDL LNCDK HM EQDPTDMBX CNL@HM VHSG GE @MC KE @R SGD HMOTS @MC NTSOTS QD b RODBSHUDKX @MC E HR SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK VHSG GE b KE @R SGD HMOTS @MC KE b @R SGD NTSOTS "M HCD@K HMUDQRD RXRSDL RGNTKC FHUD KE b GE
97
4BGDLD NE @ FDMDQ@K RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM
*M SGD RHMFKDHMOTSRHMFKDNTSOTS 4*40 B@RD SGD ENQV@QC RXRSDL HR FHUDM AX E
&E E
VGDQD &E @MC E @QD QDRODBSHUDKX SGD MTLDQ@SNQ @MC SGD CDMNLHM@SNQ ONKXMN LH@KR 5GD HMUDQRD RXRSDL HR SGDM FHUDM AX b E E &E
5GD HMUDQRD RXRSDL HR TRT@KKX TMQD@KHY@AKD ADB@TRD SGD ONKXMNLH@K NQCDQ NE E HR TRT@KKX FQD@SDQ SG@M SG@S NE &E 5GHR B@KKR ENQ SGD TRD NE @ OQNODQHMF KSDQ ADENQD SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL ; 7 GE b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
K JF GF VGDQD J @ G ? @MC K B @QD SGD RS@SD UDBSNQ SGD HMOTS UDBSNQ @MC SGD NTSOTS UDBSNQ QDRODBSHUDKX .@SQHBDR @MC @QD NE @OOQNOQH@SD CHLDMRHNMR 5GD B ? EDDCSGQNTFG L@SQHW HR QDRONMRHAKD ENQ CHQDBS HMOTS HMIDBSHNM SN SGD NTSOTS *E SGD EDDCSGQNTFG L@SQHW HR QDFTK@Q ; 7 SGD MTLADQ NE HMOTSR HR DPT@K SN SGD MTLADQ NE NTSOTSR @MC L@SQHW HR HMUDQSHAKD SGDM GF KF JF
$K@RRHB@K 4XRSDL *MUDQRHNM "KFNQHSGLR
/NSD SG@S HM SGD 4*40 B@RD VGDQD HR @MC SGD QDRTKSHMF SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM G@R YDQN QDK@SHUD CDFQDD ; 7 ONKXMNLH@KR &E @MC E G@UD R@LD ONKX MNLH@K NQCDQ 4TARSHSTSHMF &PT@SHNM HM &PT@SHNM J JF JF KF JF KF
5GDM SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL B@M AD QDOQDRDMSDC AX
L JF L GF Jb b b L JF L GF Kb b b
VGDQD L L L L GF b KF KF b GF 'NQ MNMKHMD@Q RXRSDLR HMUDQRHNM OQNBDCTQDR @QD RHLHK@Q ATS HMUDQSHAHKHSX HR MNS FKNA@K 4NLD RHMFTK@QHSHDR L@X @OOD@Q < = CDODMCHMF TONM SGD BNMRSHSTSHUD QD K@SHNMRGHOR NE DKDLDMSR )NVDUDQ VD @RRTLD SG@S SGD RHMFTK@QHSX HR @UNHC@AKD AX BGNNRHMF @OOQNOQH@SD ENQL NE B@TR@KHSHDR @MC BNMRSHSTSHUD QDK@SHNMR
:=9606A ;C2?@6<; <3 (A?60A9F %?<=2? (F@A2:@ $NMRHCDQ @M -5* 4*40 RXRSDL LNCDK HM EQDPTDMBX CNL@HM HM VGHBG SGD NQCDQ NE SGD ONKXMNLH@K &E HR ? @MC SGD NQCDQ NE ONKXMNLH@K E HR @ 5GDM SGD RXRSDL HR B@KKDC RSQHBSKX OQNODQ HE @ ? $NMRHCDQ SGD AKNBJCH@FQ@L HM 'HFTQD VGDQD SGD NQHFHM@K RXRSDL SN AD HMUDQSDC HR OK@BDC HM @ BNMUDMSHNM@K EDDCA@BJ KNNO
97
*LOKHBHS OQNODQ HMUDQRHNM RBGDLD
'@TKS 5NKDQ@MS $NMSQNK
5GD SQ@MREDQ ETMBSHNM ADSVDDM SGD HMOTS G F @MC NTSOTS K F RDD 'HFTQD HR FHUDM AX # # E K E E G E # E E #&E $NMRHCDQHMF K@QFD EDDCA@BJ F@HM # KHL E
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'NQ SGD .*.0 B@RD SGD EDDCA@BJ RGNTKC TRD @ L@SQHW F@HM 'QNL &PT@SHNM b HS @OOD@QR SG@S SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL G@R ? ONKDR @MC @ YDQNDR @MC SGTR E HR HL b OQNODQ /NSD SG@S HM QD@KHSX RDD &PT@SHNM E G@R @R L@MX ONKDR @R YDQNDR b ATS @ ? NE SGDL @OOQN@BG HMMHSX @R # f 5GHR LD@MR E HR ITRS OQNODQ @MC HM E@BS SGD EDDCA@BJ RDQUDR @R @M HLOKHBHS OQNODQHMF LDBG@MHRL VGHBG @OOQN@BGDR SGD DWOKHBHS HMUDQRHNM @R # f )NVDUDQ HLOKHBHS HMUDQRHNM HR D@RHKX @OOKHB@AKD SN K@QFD RXRSDL LNCDKR @MC RNLD BK@RRDR NE VD@JKX MNMKHMD@Q RXRSDLR 5GD RS@SHNM@QX F@HM @S E NQ ENQ YDQNEQDPTDMBX RSD@CXRS@SD HMOTS NE SGD @OOQNWHL@SD HMUDQRD RXRSDL VHSG MHSD EDDCA@BJ F@HM # HR FHUDM AX # #& 5GTR @ OQDKSDQ VHSG F@HM 8 # G@R SN AD TRDC ADENQD SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK /NSD SG@S KHL#f 8 ; 7 SGD OQDKSDQ HR TMMDB DRR@QX ENQ RTEBHDMSKX GHFG EDDCA@BJ F@HMR )NVDUDQ GHFG EDDCA@BJ F@HMR HMSQNCTBD K@QFD EQDPTDMBHDR HMSN SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL LNCDK ; 7 SGDX HMBQD@RD HSR A@MCVHCSG @MC SGTR QDRTKS HM RSHEEDQ MTLDQHB@K HMSDFQ@SHNM
E.:=92@ <3 (F@A2: ;C2?@6<;
97
*LOQNODQ RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM SGQNTFG GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ
$NMRHCDQ SGD HMUDQRHNM NE @ OQNODQ RXRSDL E E E SGQNTFG @ GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD HMOTS HR @ QDOD@SHMF RDPTDMBD NE R SHLDODQHNC @MC SGD NTSOTS NE SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD BNMS@HMR SQ@MRHDMSR @S RG@QO HMOTSTBST@SHNM ONHMSR
$K@RRHB@K 4XRSDL *MUDQRHNM "KFNQHSGLR
/NSD SG@S SGD NUDQRGNNSR @OOD@Q @S ONHMSR BNQQDRONMCHMF SN CHRBNMSHMTHSHDR HM RTB BDRRHUD CDQHU@SHUDR NE SGD HMOTS @MC SGDRD NUDQRGNNSR HMBQD@RD VHSG HMBQD@RHMF EDDC A@BJ F@HM -NVDQ EDDCA@BJ F@HM QDCTBDR SGD NUDQRGNNSR ATS SGD HMUDQRD RXRSDL NTS OTS CTQHMF RLNNSG HMOTS ODQHNC CDUH@SDR EQNL SGD CDRHQDC QDRTKS
97
3DRTKSR NE HLOQNODQ RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM SGQNTFG GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ
97
*LOQNODQ RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM SGQNTFG GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ @MC @ KNVO@RR KSDQ
5N NAS@HM @ OQNODQ HMUDQRD LNCDK @ OQNODQKX CDRHFMDC KNVO@RR KSDQ B@M AD TRDC @R @ OQDKSDQ 5GD NAIDBSHUD NE SGHR OQDKSDQ HR SN RTEBHDMSKX RLNNSGDM SGD NTSOTSR RTBG SG@S SGD DEEDBS NE GHFGEQDPTDMBX ONKDR HMSQNCTBDC CTD SN GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ @QD LHMHLHYDC 5GD HMUDQRHNM RBGDLD VHSG SGD OQDKSDQ @MC SGD NTSOTS NE SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQDR @MC QDRODBSHUDKX
E.:=92 <3 ;=BA '20<;@A?B0A6<; 0MBD @M HMUDQRD LNCDK G@R ADDM CDRHFMDC ; 7 SGD EDDCA@BJ F@HM @MC SGD QDPTHQDC OQDKSDQ @QD RDKDBSDC SGDM HS B@M AD TRDC SN B@KBTK@SD SGD HMOTS RDPTDMBD QDPTHQDC SN OQNCTBD @ FHUDM NTSOTS RDPTDMBD $NMRHCDQ @ ITRS OQNODQ RXRSDL FHUDM AX E E E E E 5GHR RXRSDL L@X AD QD@KHYDC HM RS@SDRO@BD ENQL VHSG SGD ENKKNVHMF BNDEBHDMS L@SQHBDR
'@TKS 5NKDQ@MS $NMSQNK
97
3DRONMRD NE HL OQNODQ RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM SGQNTFG GHFGF@HM EDDCA@BJ @MC @ KNVO@RR KSDQ
@MC
97
*MOTS QDBNMRSQTBSHNM @MC SDRSHMF ENQ @ OQNODQ RXRSDL
-DS SGD CDRHQDC NTSOTS AD @ TMHS OTKRD RDPTDMBD VHSG @ SHLDODQHNC NE R *M SGD AKNBJCH@FQ@L RGNVM HM 'HFTQD SGD CDRHQDC NTSOTS RDPTDMBD HR EDC @R SGD HMOTS SN SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK @MC SGD NTSOTS EQNL SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK HR EDC SN SGD ENQV@QC LNCDK 5GD RHLTK@SHNM QDRTKS RGNVHMF SGD CDRHFMDC HMOTS VGHBG HR SGD NTSOTS EQNL SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD @ 5GD @BST@K QDRONMRD EQNL SGD ENQV@QC RXR SDL VGDM SGD CDRHFMDC HMOTS HR @OOKHDC SN HS HR FHUDM HM 'HFTQD A 5GD HMUDQRHNM RBGDLD HM SGHR B@RD HR QD@RNM@AKX ODQEDBS ADB@TRD SGD OQNBDRR TMCDQ BNMRHCDQ@SHNM G@R YDQN QDK@SHUDCDFQDD
$K@RRHB@K 4XRSDL *MUDQRHNM "KFNQHSGLR
@
A
97
3DRTKSR NE HMOTS QDBNMRSQTBSHNM @MC SGD SDRS NTSOTS
E.:=92 <3 <;1 ?.=5 "<129 .@21 :=9606A (F@A2: ;C2?@6<; $NMRHCDQ @ ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL VHSG @M DWBHSDQ NM SGD L@RR @MC @ UDKNBHSX RDMRNQ @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ 5GD B@RB@CDC ENQV@QC @MC HMUDQRD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE SGD RXRSDL @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD A HM VGHBG µ HR SGD EDDCA@BJ F@HM 5GHR B@RB@CDC LNCDK HR QDOQDRDMSDC HM 4:.#0-4 RNESV@QD @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD @ 5GD ENKKNVHMF O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR VDQD BGNRDM ? JF # /L * /RL @MC µ 5GD HMOTS F NQ 7 HR S@JDM @R @ QDOD@SHMF RPT@QDV@UD VGHBG HR BNLO@QDC VHSG SGD NTSOTS EQNL b NQ 7 HM 'HFTQD A /NSD SG@S SGD LHMNQ DQQNQ HM NTSOTS SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK F EQNL SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK CHR@OOD@QR VGDM SGD EDDCA@BJ F@HM HR HMBQD@RDC 7 9 µ
@
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#NMC FQ@OG A@RDC HMUDQRHNM NE @ ROQHMFL@RRC@LODQ RXRSDL
'@TKS 5NKDQ@MS $NMSQNK
@
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97
*MUDQRHNM HLOKDLDMS@SHNM HM 4:.#0-4 RNESV@QD @MC SGD NTSOTS
<;1 ?.=5 "<129 .@21 E=9606A (F@A2: ;C2?@6<; " LHMHL@KNQCDQ HMUDQRD LNCDK L@X AD NAS@HMDC AX SGD RNB@KKDC CHEEDQDMSH@K FDN LDSQHB @OOQN@BG )NVDUDQ SGD HMUNKUDC SQ@MRENQL@SHNMR RNLDSHLDR NARBTQD SGD RSQTBSTQ@K ED@STQDR @MC SGTR SGD OGXRHB@K HMSDQOQDS@SHNM NE SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK CXM@L HBR ADBNLDR HLONRRHAKD 5GHR LNSHU@SDC SGD @TSGNQR NE < = SN CDUDKNO SGD BNMCHSHNMR ENQ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK A@RDC DWOKHBHS RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM 5GNRD BNMCHSHNMR L@X AD RS@SDC @R ENKKNVR "M ?HMOTS ?NTSOTS #( LNCDK VHSG MN RDS NE ? CHRINHMS *0 B@TR@K O@SGR HR MNS HMUDQSHAKD "M ?HMOTS ?NTSOTS #( LNCDK VHSG @ TMHPTD RDS NE ? CHRINHMS *0 B@TR@K O@SGR HR HMUDQSHAKD "M ?HMOTS ?NTSOTS #( LNCDK VHSG LTKSHOKD RDSR NE ? CHRINHMS *0 B@TR@K O@SGR HR HMUDQSHAKD HE SGD ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD NE SGD LNCDK HM AHB@TR@KHSX HR RNKU@AKD ; 7 MN B@TR@K KNNOR MNMKHMD@Q @KFDAQ@HB KNNOR @MC CHEEDQDMSH@K @KFDAQ@HB KNNOR 4HLOKX RS@SDC @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HR HMUDQSHAKD HEE HS B@M AD AHB@TR@KKDC HM RTBG @ V@X SG@S @KK RNTQBDR QDBDHUD ANSG DEENQS @MC NV HMENQL@SHNM VGDQD@R @KK RDMRNQR RTOOKX ANSG DEENQS @MC NV HMENQL@SHNM VGHKD DMRTQHMF @S SGD R@LD SHLD SG@S SGD QDRTKSHMF ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD HR RNKU@AKD 0AUHNTRKX SGD RNKU@AHKHSX NE SGD ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD CDODMCR NM SGD MTLADQ NE *0 O@HQR @MC SGDHQ KNB@SHNMR /NSD SG@S SGD BNMCHSHNMR HM < = @QD RS@SDC HM SDQLR NE ONVDQ KHMDR @MC RGNQSDRS B@TR@K O@SGR " ONVDQ KHMD HR @M @B@TR@K BNMBDOS VGHBG QDEDQR SN SGD RDS NE BNMMDBSHNMR ANMCR SGQNTFG SGD ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD RS@QSHMF EQNL @ RNTQBD @MC DMC HMF @S @ RDMRNQ .NQDNUDQ SGD NTSOTS_HMOTS 0* OQNO@F@SHNM NE AHB@TR@KHSX LTRS AD B@QQHDC NTS @KNMF @ LHMHL@KKDMFSG *0 B@TR@K O@SG ; 7 SGD B@TR@K O@SG RGNTKC BNM S@HM LHMHLTL MTLADQ NE RSNQ@FD DKDLDMSR HM HMSDFQ@K B@TR@KHSX 5GD K@SSDQ DMRTQDR SG@S SGD HMUDQRD LNCDK VNTKC QDPTHQD LHMHL@K NQCDQ NE NTSOTS CDQHU@SHUDR $NMRHCDQ SGD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD HM VGHBG G @MC G @QD SGD SVN HMOTSR @MC K @MC K @QD SGD SVN NTSOTSR
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97
" SGQDD %0' RXRSDL S@JDM EQNL < =
5GD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD RXRSDL HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD VGDQD SGD SVN *0 ONVDQ KHMDR ANKC KHMDR @MC SVN RGNQSDRS *0 B@TR@K O@SGR CNSSDC KHMDR @QD RGNVM C: 1/k2
SS : F1
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97
'NQV@QC LNCDK RGNVHMF *0 ONVDQ KHMDR @MC RGNQSDRS *0 B@TR@K O@SGR
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k2 I:m1 SS : F1
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97
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97
" SGQDD %0' RXRSDL S@JDM EQNL < = VHSG LNCHDC RNTQBD KNB@SHNM
0M SGD NSGDQ G@MC BNMRHCDQ SGD R@LD RXRSDL VHSG @ CHEEDQDMS KNB@SHNM NE HMOTS G @R RGNVM HM 'HFTQD 5GD BNQQDRONMCHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK HR RGNVM HM 'HFTQD C: 1/k2 I:m1 1
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97
'@HKTQD HM AHB@TR@KHSX @RRHFMLDMS CTD SN NUDQK@OOHMF *0 O@SGR
*M SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK RGNVM HM 'HFTQD HS HR HLONRRHAKD SN OQNO@F@SD AHB@TR@KHSX EQNL @KK RDMRNQR SN @KK RNTQBDR 5GHR VNTKC UHNK@SD SGD ITMBSHNM RSQTBSTQD @S SGD ITMBSHNM RGNVM VHSGHM SGD CNSSDC BHQBKD HM 'HFTQD ADB@TRD NMKX SVN ANMCR B@M AD AHB@TR@KKDC @S @ ITMBSHNM 5GDQDENQD SGD RXRSDL RGNVM HM 'HFTQD HR MNS HMUDQSHAKD ENQ SGD FHUDM *0 KNB@SHNMR
E.:=92 <3 <;1 ?.=5 "<129 .@21 E=9606A (F@A2: ;C2?@6<; $NMRHCDQ SGD RHLOKD DW@LOKD RXRSDL RGNVM 'HFTQD @
"RRTLD SG@S SGD U@KUD 74 V@R BNMSQNKKDC AX @ BNLOKDW BNMSQNKKDQ SN FHUD @ U@QX HMF RPT@QDV@UD NV NTSOTS ADSVDDM JFR @MC JFR @S HMSDQU@KR NE R %TD SN L@KETMBSHNMHMF NE SGD BNMSQNKKDQ VD G@UD QDLNUDC HS @MC JDOS SGD U@KUD ETKKX NODM 'NQ E@TKS SNKDQ@MS BNMSQNK VD MDDC SN CDRHFM @M NODMKNNO BNMSQNK AX BG@MFHMF SGD OTLO NV RN SG@S SGD CDRHQDC NV SGQNTFG SGD U@KUD HR @BGHDUDC 5GD NTSOTS QDRONMRD HR OQDRBQHADC @R
1@Q@LDSDQ &RSHL@SHNM
@
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97
" GXCQ@TKHB RXRSDL @MC HSR ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK
ψ F ENQ DUDM U@KTDR NE ;@FF VGDQD ψ S ENQ NCC U@KTDR NE ;@FF @MC ;@F HR SGD HMSDFDQ SQTMB@SHNM NODQ@SNQ 'QNL SGD AHB@TR@KKDC LNCDK ENQ SGD RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM 'HFTQD A SGD DWOQDRRHNM ENQ OTLO NV HR NAS@HMDC @R 67 67 67 , , 6F 6F 6F 6 8 6 , 6 ) B 8 , 6F 6F 6
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/NSD SG@S NMD L@X RNKUD @M NOSHL@K BNMSQNK OQNAKDL VHSG @ GD@UX BNRS NM DW BDRRHUD HMOTS RHYD QDK@WDC SQ@MRHSHNM@K BNRS NM SGD NTSOTSR @MC QDK@WDC FKNA@K BNRS NM SGD NAIDBSHUD S@QFDS SN CDSDQLHMD @M @OOQNOQH@SD HMOTS RDPTDMBD )NVDUDQ CDSDQ LHM@SHNM NE VDHFGSHMF L@SQHW BNDEBHDMSR NE SGD BNRS ETMBSHNM HR RTAIDBSHUD @MC SGD RNKTSHNM CNDR MNS FT@Q@MSDD SG@S SGD OTLO VHKK NODQ@SD @S HSR ETKK DEBHDMBX 'TQSGDQ LNQD RNKTSHNM NE SGD MNMKHMD@Q NOSHL@K BNMSQNK OQNAKDL HM QD@KSHLD '5$ @OOKHB@ SHNMR L@X AD SHLD BNMRTLHMF VGDM BNLO@QDC SN SGD RHLOKDQ LDSGNC NE CDQHUHMF SGD BNMSQNK K@VR SGQNTFG RXRSDL HMUDQRHNM 5GD HMSDFQ@KKX B@TR@KKDC ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK NE SGD SVNS@MJ RXRSDL FHUDM HM 'HF TQD V@R RHLTK@SDC VHSG SGD O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR FHUDM HM 5@AKD SN RSTCX SGD RXRSDL ADG@UHNQ O@QSHBTK@QKX VHSG '5$ HLOKDLDMS@SHNM 5GD SHLD QDRONMRDR NE S@MJ OQDRRTQDR @QD RGNVM HM 'HFTQD #KNBJ@FD E@TKS HM 7 V@R HMSQNCTBDC @S R KHMD - @MC '5$ V@R @OOKHDC @S R KHMD . @ESDQ BNLOKDSD E@TKS CH@FMNRHR HMBKTC HMF HRNK@SHNM O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM @MC QDPTHQDC 1* BNMSQNKKDQ RDSONHMS B@KBTK@SHNM V@R NUDQ 5GDQD@ESDQ SGD E@TKS SNKDQ@MS BNMSQNK K@V V@R @TSNL@SHB@KKX RVHSBGDC NUDQ SN SGD MNQL@K 1* BNMSQNK RDSONHMS HR BG@MFDC @S R KHMD /
97
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1@RRHUD '5$ 3NATRS 0UDQVGDKLHMF $NMSQNK
5GD 1* BNMSQNKKDQ HR RTRODMCDC 1TLO HR SGDM NODQ@SDC @S L@WHLTL ONVDQ SN AQHMF SGD KDUDK HM S@MJ 5 RTE BHDMSKX BKNRD SN @ MDV RDSONHMS $E 'HM@KKX SGD 1* BNMSQNKKDQ HR QD@BSHU@SDC VHSG SGD MDV RDSONHMS VGHBG S@JDR B@QD NE ETQSGDQ RL@KK CDUH@SHNMR 3D@CDQR L@X QDEDQ SN < = ENQ @ ANMC FQ@OG LNCDK A@RDC RBGDLD VGHBG BNUDQR @ O@QS NE SGD OQNAKDLR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG '5$ 0MD L@INQ OQNAKDL VHSG SGD @BSHUD E@TKS SNKDQ@MBD CDUDKNODC RN E@Q HR SG@S HS HR MNS RTEBHDMSKX QNATRS *S CNDR MNS BNMRHCDQ SGD TMBDQS@HMSHDR @RRNBH@SDC VHSG O@Q@LDSDQ DRSHL@SHNM @MC LD@RTQDLDMSR .NQDNUDQ SGD E@TKS LTRS AD RSD@CX ; 7 O@Q@LDSDQ U@KTDR RGNTKC MNS AD TBST@SHMF BNMSHMTNTRKX *M SGD MDWS RDBSHNM VD CDUDKNO @ QNATRS BNMSQNKKDQ SN @CCQDRR SGDRD OQNAKDLR
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'@TKS 5NKDQ@MS $NMSQNK
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97
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O@FDR _ 8@RGHMFSNM %$ 64" +TMD *'"$ < = , cRSQkL 1 "KADQSNR . #K@MJD @MC " *RHCNQH A@FDA> A8 A?B>7J +KEF7?E 4OQHMFDQ 7DQK@F -NMCNM < = , + cRSQk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< = - 4 #NMCDQRNM 7DBSNQ ANMC FQ@OGR @OOKHDC SN NMDCHLDMRHNM@K CHRSQHATSDC RXRSDLR "AGD
@3> A8 K@3?;5 +KEF7?E %73EGD7?7@F 3@6 A@FDA> _ < = 8 #NQTSYJX 4TOONQSHMF SGD FDMDQ@SHNM NE @ RS@SD RO@BD LNCDK AX @CCHMF SD@QHMF HMENQL@ SHNM SN SGD ANMC FQ@OG +;?G>3F;A@ (D35F;57 3@6 ,:7ADK _ <= 8 #NQTSYJX A@6 D3B:E %7F:A6A>A9K 8AD %A67>>;@9 %G>F;6;E5;B>;@3DK K@3?;5 +KEF7?E 4$4 1TAKHRGHMF )NTRD &QK@MFDM 4@M %HDFN <= 8 #NQTSYJX 3DRHCT@K ANMC FQ@OG RHMJR ENQ MTLDQHB@K DU@KT@SHNM NE @M@KXSHB@K QDCTMC@MBX QDK@SHNMR HM LNCDK A@RDC RHMFKD E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM *M (DA5 F: GDAB73@ A@87D
7@57 A@ %A67>>;@9 3@6 +;?G>3F;A@ %+ O@FDR _ 4@MJS "TFTRSHM (DQL@MX .@X <= 8 #NQTSYJX # #@QM@QC @MC + 5GNL@ %DRBQHAHMF ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR NE GXCQ@TKHB BNL ONMDMSR HM LNCDKHB@ %3F:7?3F;5E 3@6 A?BGF7DE ;@ +;?G>3F;A@ _ <= 8 #NQTSYJX # #@QM@QC @MC + 5GNL@ "M NQHBD NV LNCDK ENQ K@LHM@Q @MC STQATKDMS BNMCHSHNMR +;?G>3F;A@ %A67>>;@9 (D35F;57 3@6 ,:7ADK _ <= 8 #NQTSYJX @MC ' & $DKKHDQ 5D@QHMF @KFDAQ@HB KNNOR HM ANMC FQ@OGR +!%-$
,!'&,D3@E35F;A@E A8 F:7 +A5;7FK A8 A?BGF7D +;?G>3F;A@ !@F7D@3F;A@3> _ <= 8 #NQTSYJX @MC ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX *MBQDLDMS@K ANMC FQ@OG @OOQN@BG SN SGD CDQHU@SHNM NE RS@SD DPT@SHNMR ENQ QNATRSMDRR RSTCX +;?G>3F;A@ %A67>>;@9 (D35F;57 3@6 ,:7ADK _ <= 8 #NQTSYJX ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX @MC $ ,@L 3DK@SHNMR ADSVDDM SVN ANMC FQ@OG @O OQN@BGDR SN RDMRHSHUHSX @M@KXRHR @MC RSTCX NE QNATRSMDRR %3F:7?3F;53> 3@6 A?BGF7D %A6
7>>;@9 A8 K@3?;53> +KEF7?E _ <= " . #NR @MC + - 5HDQMDFN 'NQLTK@ L@MHOTK@SHNM HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKKHMF @MC RHLTK@SHNM NE K@QFD LDBG@MHB@K RXRSDLR "AGD@3> A8 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ < = ( & #NW @MC ( $ 5H@N 3K7E;3@ ;@87D7@57 ;@ EF3F;EF;53> 3@3>KE;E "CCHRNM8DRKDX 3D@CHMF .@RR < = 1 $ #QDCUDKC .TKSHANMC FQ@OG DKDLDMSR HM OGXRHB@K RXRSDLR SGDNQX "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= 1 $ #QDDCUDKC (:KE;53> +KEF7?E ,:7ADK ;@ ,7D?E A8 A@6 D3B:E 1G% SGDRHR 6MHUDQRHSX NE 5VDMSD 5GD /DSGDQK@MCR <= 1 $ #QDDCUDKC 3 $ 3NRDMADQF @MC 5 ;GNT #HAKHNFQ@OGX NE ANMC FQ@OG SGDNQX @MC @OOKHB@SHNM "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= + 8 #QDVDQ 1QNFQDRR HM SGD ANMC FQ@OG QDOQDRDMS@SHNMR NE DBNMNLHBR @MC ONOTK@SHNM CXM@LHBR "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= + 8 #QDVDQ @MC 1 1 $Q@HF #HKHMD@Q CXM@LHB RHMFKDONQSR @MC ANMC FQ@OGR NE DBNMNLHB RXRSDLR "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= + 8 #QDVDQ 1 1 $Q@HF . )TAA@QC @MC , 8@SS 5GD ANMC FQ@OG LDSGNC ENQ SDBGMN KNFHB@K ENQDB@RSHMF @MC QDRRNTQBD ONKHBX @M@KXRHR @7D9K _ <= + ' #QNDMHMJ RHL RNESV@QD ENQ GHDQ@QBGHB@K ANMCFQ@OG#KNBJCH@FQ@L LNCDKR +;?G
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<= ' #TRRNM $7E A@6 D3B:E %G>F;O@7D9;7E (AGD >3 %A6O>;E3F;A@ 7F >3 +GDH7;>>3@57 @ O@;7 7E (DA5O6OE 1G% SGDRHR 6MHUDQRHSi CDR 4BHDMBDR DS 5DBGMNKNFHDR CD -HKKD <= 3 $@BGN + 'DKDY @MC $ 7DQ@ %DQHUHMF RHLTK@SHNM LNCDKR EQNL ANMC FQ@OGR VHSG @KFD AQ@HB KNNOR 5GD DWSDMRHNM SN LTKSHANMC FQ@OG RXRSDLR "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= 1 $@RS@KCH 8 (DQH . .NMS@M@QH @MC " 5HKKH " MDV @C@OSHUD @OOQN@BG ENQ NMKHMD O@Q@LDSDQ @MC RS@SD DRSHL@SHNM NE HMCTBSHNM LNSNQR A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 (D35F;57 _ <= 4 $@TUHM . 0 $NQCHDQ $ %NTRRNM 1 -@ANQHD @MC ' -i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hR 4BHDMBD <= ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX 1 #NQMD @MC . -DAQTM 0QCDQ QDCTBSHNM NE LTKSHSHLD RB@KD RXRSDLR TRHMF ANMC FQ@OGR SGD QDBHOQNB@K RXRSDL @MC SGD RHMFTK@Q ODQSTQA@SHNM LDSGNC "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX " 3@GL@MH @MC $ 4TDTQ #NMC FQ@OG @HCDC CDRHFM NE BNMSQNKKDC RXRSDLR +;?G>3F;A@ (D35F;57 3@6 ,:7ADK _ <= - %HMB@ 5 "KCDLHQ @MC ( 3HYYNMH '@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HCDMSHB@SHNM HM CXM@LHB RXRSDLR VHSG MNHRX C@S@ @MC O@Q@LDSDQLNCDKHMF TMBDQS@HMSHDR *7>;34;>;FK @9;@77D;@9 3@6 +KEF7? +387FK _ <= 4 %HNO &KHLHM@SHNM HM BNMSQNK SGDNQX %3F:7?3F;5E A8 A@FDA> +;9@3>E 3@6 +KEF7?E _ <= . " %IDYHQH 3 .DQYNTJH # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ @MC ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX '@TKS CDSDBSHNM NE A@BJK@RG OGDMNLDMNM HM LDBG@SQNMHB RXRSDL VHSG O@Q@LDSDQ TMBDQS@HMSHDR TRHMF ANMC
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87D7@57 A@ A@6 D3B: %A67>;@9 3@6 +;?G>3F;A@ ! % O@FDR _ 4HLTK@SHNM 4DQHDR 7NK /N *4#/ 1 + 'DDMRSQ@ & + .@MCDQR 1 + .NRSDQL@M ( #HRV@R @MC 3 + #@QMDSS .NCDKHMF @MC HMRSQTLDMS@SHNM ENQ E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM NE @ BNNKHMF RXRSDL *M (DA5 ! +AGF: 3EF A@87D7@57 O@FDR _ /@RGUHKKD 5/ 64" 1 'Q@MJ &MG@MBDLDMS NE QNATRSMDRR HM NARDQUDQA@RDC E@TKS CDSDBSHNM !@F7D@3F;A@3> "AGD
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
3DEDQDMBDR
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
63@5K A@6 D3B: BBDA35: 1G% SGDRHR *MCH@M *MRSHSTSD NE 5DBGMNKNFX ,G@Q@FOTQ .@X < = 4 , (GNRG@K @MC " , 4@L@MS@Q@X .TKSHOKD E@TKS CHR@LAHFT@SHNMR SGQNTFG O@Q@LDSDQ DR SHL@SHNM " ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKA@RDC @OOQN@BG !@F7D@3F;A@3> "AGD@3> A8 !@F7>>;97@F +KEF7?E ,75:@A>A9;7E 3@6 BB>;53F;A@E < = $ " (NMYfKDY ( "BNRS@ @MC $ %D 1Q@C@ ,MNVKDCFD A@RDC OQNBDRR BNMSQNK RTODQUHRHNM @MC CH@FMNRHR SGD "&30-*% @OOQN@BG JB7DF +KEF7?E I;F: 3BB>;53F;A@E _ < = $ " (NMYfKDY # 1 +TMPTDQ@ ( " -@YN @MC $ - #DKKN 0MKHMD HMCTRSQH@K RTODQUHRHNM @MC CH@FMNRHR JMNVKDCFD KDUDK CDRBQHOSHNM @MC DWODQHLDMS@K QDRTKSR JB7DF +KEF7?E I;F: BB>;53F;A@E _ <= + + (Q@MC@ 5GD QNKD NE ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKHMF @MC RHLTK@SHNM HM LDBG@SQNMHBR RXRSDLR "M HMSDFQ@SDC RNESV@QD SNNK $".1( ."5-"#4*.6-*/, %75:3FDA@;5E _ <= + + (Q@MC@ 5GD $@LO(.@SK@A4HLTKHMJ BNLOTSDQ FDMDQ@SDC RNKTSHNM NE ANMC FQ@OG CDQHU@SHUD B@TR@KHSX *M (DA5 ! % UNKTLD NE +;?G>3F;A@ +7D;7E O@FDR _ *4#/ <= ) )@EE@E # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ @MC ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX .@SQNHC @KFNQHSGL ENQ LNMHSNQ@ AHKHSX @M@KXRHR NE ANMC FQ@OGR "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= ' )@LDKHM @MC % 4@TSDQ 3NATRS E@TKS CDSDBSHNM HM TMBDQS@HM CXM@LHB RXRSDLR GFA?3F;53 _ <= ) )@LLNTQH . ,HMM@DQS @MC & ) &K :@@FNTAH $75FGD7 &AF7E ;@ A?BGF7D +5;7@57 UNKTLD BG@OSDQ "OOKHB@SHNM NE MNMKHMD@Q NARDQUDQR SN E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM O@FDR _ 4OQHMFDQ #DQKHM <= # )DHL 4 (DMSHK # $DKRD 4 $@TUHM @MC - 5Q@Ui.@RRTXhR '$$ CH@FMNRHR TRHMF RDUDQ@K B@TR@K @MC JMNVKDCFD A@RDC LNCDKR *M / &U@ 8T DCHSNQ + (*' ++
O@FDR _ 8@RGHMFSNM %$ 64" +TMD *'"$ <= $ )DMX % 4HL@MB@ @MC . %DKF@CN 1RDTCNANMC FQ@OG LNCDK @MC RHLTK@SHNM NE @ BNMSHMTNTR RSHQQDC S@MJ QD@BSNQ "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= % . )HLLDKAK@T 3G>F 7F75F;A@ 3@6 ;39@AE;E ;@ :7?;53> 3@6 (7FDA5:7?;53> (DA57EE7E &KRDUHDQ "LRSDQC@L
3DEDQDMBDR
< = 3 . )HQRBGNQM *MUDQSHAHKHSX NE LTKSHU@QH@AKD MNMKHMD@Q BNMSQNK RXRSDLR ! ,D3@E GFA?3F;5 A@FDA> _ < = % 5 )NQ@J '@HKTQD CDSDBSHNM HM CXM@LHB RXRSDLR VHSG LNCDKKHMF DQQNQR "AGD@3> A8 G;6
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
3DEDQDMBDR
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
A9K _ <= . ,QXR@MCDQ 7E;9@ 3@6 @3>KE;E A8 ;39@AEF;5 +KEF7?E -F;>;L;@9 +FDG5FGD3> %7F:A6E 1G% SGDRHR -HMJkOHMFR TMHUDQRHSDS <= +% -@LA "RGDQ (. @MC 8NNC@KK %3 $@TR@K KNNOR @MC L@RNM R QTKD ENQ ANMC FQ@OGR *M (DA5 ! % UNKTLD NE +;?G>3F;A@ E7D;7E O@FDR _ 4$4 OTAKHB@SHNM *4#/ <= * % -@MC@T !67@F;53F;A@ 7F A??3@67 7E +KEFN?7E )DQLDR 1@QHR <= 8 -DD $ 1@QJ @MC ( ,DKKX '@TKS CDSDBSHNM HM @M @HQG@MCKHMF TMHS TRHMF QDRHCT@K @MC QDBTQRHUD O@Q@LDSDQ HCDMSHB@SHNM LDSGNCR + * ,D3@E35F;A@E (3DF _ <= + -DEi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
3DEDQDMBDR
<= - 4 -NTB@ @MC + - 4SDHM &MDQFXA@RDC LNCDK QDCTBSHNM NE KHMD@Q RXRSDLR *M (DA5 !@F7D
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
(*' ++
O@FDR _ #TC@ODRS )TMF@QX <= % - .@QFNKHR @MC ( & :NTMF 3DCTBSHNM NE LNCDKR NE K@QFD RB@KD KTLODC RSQTBSTQDR TRHMF MNQL@K LNCDR @MC ANMC FQ@OGR "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ <= , .DCI@GDQ A@FD;4GF;A@ 67 >'GF;> A@6 D3B: BAGD >3 A@57BF;A@ 67 +KEFO?7E 67 +GB7DH;E;A@ 67E (DA57EEGE !@6GEFD;7>E 1G% SGDRHR 6MHUDQRHSi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
3DEDQDMBDR
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gBGDMJNMCDMR@SHNM CDR 8@RRDQC@LOEDR . ! 27;FE5:D;8F _ @MC _ < = " 7 0OODMGDHL @MC 3 8 4BG@EDQ ;E5D7F7 ,;?7 +;9@3> (DA57EE;@9 1QDMSHBD )@KK < = " : 0QA@J & &RJHM@S @MC 0 4 5TQJ@X 1GXRHB@K O@Q@LDSDQ RDMRHSHUHSX NE RXRSDL DHFDM U@KTDR @MC OGXRHB@K LNCDK QDCTBSHNM "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ < = " : 0QA@J 0 4 5TQJ@X & &RJHM@S @MC , :NTBDE5NTLH .NCDK QDCTBSHNM HM SGD OGXR HB@K CNL@HM (DA5776;@9E A8 F:7 !@EF;FGF;A@ A8 %75:3@;53> @9;@77DE (3DF ! "AGD@3> A8 +KEF7?E 3@6 A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 _ < = " 8 0QCXR " 8 1HJD . " +NGMRNM 3 . ,@SDAH @MC . + (QHLAKD %A67>>;@9 3@6 +;?G>3F;A@ A8 (AI7D 7@7D3F;A@ (>3@FE 4OQHMFDQ7DQK@F < = + 03DHKKX '4E7DH7DE 8AD $;@73D +KEF7?E "B@CDLHB OQDRR/DV :NQJ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ .NCDK ATHKCDQ ENQ SGDQLNTHC RXRSDLR TRHMF @ ANMC FQ@OG @MC ETMB SHNM@K LNCDKKHMF *M F: GDAB73@ +;?G>3F;A@ +K?BAE;G? +;?G>3F;A@ ;@ !@6GEFDK ++ O@FDR _ .@QRDHKKD 'Q@MBD *4#/ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ #NMC FQ@OG @OOQN@BG @R @M@KXRHR SNNK HM SGDQLNTHC LNCDK KHAQ@QX BNMBDOSHNM "AGD@3> A8 F:7 D3@=>;@ !@EF;FGF7 _ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ , .DCI@GDQ . #@X@QS " , 4@L@MS@Q@X @MC # $NMQ@QC '@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM NE RL@QS @BST@SNQR TRHMF ANMC FQ@OGR @MC DWSDQM@K LNCDKR A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 (D35F;57 _ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ , .DCI@GDQ " , 4@L@MS@Q@X @MC . 4S@QNRVHDBJH 4TODQUHRHNM NE @M HMCTRSQH@K RSD@L FDMDQ@SNQ 1@QS * #NMC FQ@OG LNCDKKHMF A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 (D35F;57 _ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ " , 4@L@MS@Q@X , .DCI@GDQ . 4S@QNRVHDBJH @MC ( %@TOGHM 5@MFTX .NCDK ATHKCDQ TRHMF ETMBSHNM@K @MC ANMC FQ@OG SNNKR ENQ '%* CDRHFM A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 (D35F;57 _ < = # 0TKC #NT@L@L@ " , 4@L@MS@Q@X . 4S@QNRVHDBJH @MC ( %@TOGHM5@MFTX %DQHU@ SHNM NE BNMRSQ@HMS QDK@SHNMR EQNL ANMC FQ@OG LNCDKR ENQ E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM *M !@F7D@3F;A@3> A@87D7@57 A@ A@6 D3B: %A67>;@9 3@6 +;?G>3F;A@ ! % O@FDR _ 4HLTK@SHNM 4DQHDR 7NK /N *4#/ < = 1 . 1@SG@J " .TJGDQIDD @MC " %@RFTOS@ *LODC@MBD BNMSQNK NE RO@BD QNANSR TRHMF O@RRHUD CDFQDDR NE EQDDCNL HM BNMSQNKKDQ CNL@HM ,D3@E35F;A@E A8 F:7 +% "AGD@3> A8 K@3?;5 +KEF7?E %73EGD7?7@F 3@6 A@FDA> _ < = 1 . 1@SG@J " .TJGDQIDD @MC " %@RFTOS@ *LODC@MBD BNMSQNK NE RO@BD QNANS !@F7D@3
F;A@3> "AGD@3> A8 %A67>>;@9 3@6 +;?G>3F;A@ _ < = 3 + 1@SSNM @MC + $GDM " QDUHDV NE O@QHSX RO@BD @OOQN@BGDR SN E@TKS CH@FMNRHR *M (DA5 + (*' ++ UNKTLD O@FDR _
3DEDQDMBDR
< = 3 + 1@SSNM @MC + $GDM 0ARDQUDQA@RDC E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM 3NATRSMDRR @MC @OOKHB@SHNMR A@FDA> @9;@77D;@9 (D35F;57 _ < = 3 + 1@SSNM 1 . 'Q@MJ @MC 3 / $K@QJ 3G>F ;39@AE;E ;@ K@3?;5 +KEF7?E ,:7ADK 3@6 BB>;53F;A@E 1QDMSHBD)@KK &MFKDVNNC $KHEE /+ < = 3 + 1@SSNM 1 . 'Q@MJ @MC 3 / $K@QJ !EEG7E A8 3G>F ;39@AE;E 8AD K@3?;5 +KEF7?E 4OQHMFDQ7DQK@F -NMCNM -HLHSDC < = ) . 1@XMSDQ @3>KE;E 3@6 67E;9@ A8 @9;@77D;@9 +KEF7?E .*5 1QDRR <= 4 1i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
BGF7D %A67>>;@9 A8 K@3?;53> +KEF7?E _ <= " 1NR 1 #NQRS + 5NO @MC ) "JJDQL@MR 3DTR@AHKHSX NE RHLTK@SHNM LNCDKR #@AI>7697
3E76 +KEF7?E _ <= ' -DNM 1QHSBG@QC 0M HLOKHBHS RXRSDLR NE CHEEDQDMSH@K DPT@SHNMR "AGD@3> A8 ;887D7@F;3> CG3F;A@E _ <= 7 1THF @MC + 2TDUDCN 1@RRHUD QNATRS E@TKS CDSDBSHNM TRHMF ETYYX O@QHSX DPT@SHNMR %3F:
7?3F;5E 3@6 A?BGF7DE ;@ +;?G>3F;A@ _ <= 7 1THF + 2TDUDCN @MC 4 5NQMHK 3NATRS E@TKS CDSDBSHNM "BSHUD UDQRTR O@RRHUD @OOQN@BGDR *M (DA5 + (*' ++
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hLDR KHMi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
3DEDQDMBDR
<= " , 4@L@MS@Q@X .NCDKHMF @MC @M@KXRHR NE OQDKN@CDC KHPTHC ROQHMFC@LODQ RGNBJ @A RNQADQR +;?G>3F;A@ %A67>>;@9 (D35F;57 3@6 ,:7ADK EB75;3> ;EEG7 A@ 4A@6 9D3B: ?A6
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i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
5:3@;53> +KEF7?E 3@6 +;9@3> (DA57EE;@9 _ <= . 4S@QNRVHDBJH @MC . #@X@QS .NCDKR @MC K@MFT@FDR ENQ SGD HMSDQNODQ@AHKHSX NE RL@QS HMRSQTLDMSR GFA?3F;53 _ <= . 4S@QNRVHDBJH @MC ( $NLSDS7@QF@ "M@KXSHB@K QDCTMC@MBX QDK@SHNMR ENQ E@TKS CDSDBSHNM @MC HRNK@SHNM HM @KFDAQ@HB CXM@LHB RXRSDLR GFA?3F;53 _
3DEDQDMBDR
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
F;A@ _ <= . 5@FHM@ + 1G $@RR@Q ( %@TOGHM5@MFX @MC . 4S@QNRVHDBJH .NMHSNQHMF NE RXRSDLR LNCDKKDC AX ANMC FQ@OG *M !@F7D@3F;A@3> A@87D7@57 A@ A@6 D3B: %A67>;@9 3@6 +;?G
>3F;A@ ! % O@FDR _ 4HLTK@SHNM 4DQHDR 7NK /N *4#/ <= 1 5@HKKHADQS 7@QHNTR HLOQNUDLDMS SN CH@FMNRHMF VHSG SDLONQ@K A@MCR *M F: !@F /AD=E:AB A@ (D;@5;B>7E A8 ;39@AE;E 0 .@RR@BGTRRDSR <= 1 5@HKKHADQS 3DRHCT@K DU@KT@SHNM VHSGNTS CDQHU@SHUD BNLOTS@SHNM *M ". &CDKL@XDQ @MC $ #@MX@RY DCHSNQR + (*' ++
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
BGF3F;A@3> %7F:A6E ;@ +5;7@57 3@6 %3F:7?3F;5E UNKTLD &KRDUHDQ /DV :NQJ <= 5VDMSDRHL -E7DE %3@G3> A8 ,I7@F7E;? E;? $NMSQNKK@A 1QNCTBSR *MB &MRBGDCD /DSGDQK@MCR <= $ eMCDX & 5@S@Q@ @MC "KH d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
FGF7 _
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
