MYOFASCIAL MUSCLE CHAINS
PETER D.M. JONCKHEERE, Physical therapy, Principal Teacher Myofascial Therapy, Belgium.
E-mail:
[email protected]. JAN A.J. PATTYN, Physical therapy, Teacher Myofascia I Therapy, Belgium.
Objectives: To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region in
function of their focus and radiation. With this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.
Methods:
In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary (muscles that give focal pain) and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain) myofascial muscle chains were determined and charted.
Results: 1. Classification of the muscles divided into
61 pain regions according to focality and radiation.
2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain region. 3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle. 4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.
Conclusions:
The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial - muscle chains and so there is a point of application to dissolve myofascial dysfunctions efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.
ISBN: 90-804265-1-2
FRONT
23
P. Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw ...... . . . .. .. .... . 12 .
Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw .
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107
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. . . 13 14 Ear - TMJ . . ... . .. . . . . .. . . . 15 Teeth . . .... . .. .. . . ... 16 Throat . ..... .. .. ... . . .. . . .... ... 17 Head - Frontal . .. . 18 Head - Temporal . . . . 21 Head - Vertex . . . . . 23 Shoulder Anterior ..........................................40 Shoulder Lateral. ...........................................46 Upperarm Anterior . ..... ... . . . . ........ 49 Upperarm Lateral ..........................................53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis .......................54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis .......................56 Elbow - Antecubital .......................................58 Forearm - Volar .............................................59 Forearm - Radial .. . ....... . . ... ......61 Forearm - Ulnar . .. . . 62 Hand - Wrist - Radial . . .. . ..... .. 66 Hand - Volar side & Wrist ............................. 69 Hand - Wrist - Ulnar ......................................71 Fingers Volar . . . . ..... 75 Chest - Front .. .. . . .. .. ... ....... .. .. .. .. 76 Chest Side . .. .. . .. .. ... ..... .. 78 Abdomen .......................................................79 Groin .............................................................83 Hip - Anterior .................................................85 Thigh - Medial ...............................................89 Thigh - Anterior ................................... : .........90 Thigh - Lateral. ..............................................94 Knee - Anterior ..............................................97 Knee - Medial. . . . .. ... . ............. ..... . . ..99 Knee - Lateral ............................................. 100 Leg - Anterior (shank) ................................. 101 Leg - Lateral. ............................................... 104 Leg - Medial ................................................ 105 Ankle - Malleolus Externus ......................... 106 Ankle - Malleolus Internus .. . .. 107 Foot - Dorsal ............................................... 110 .
Eye
89
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BACK
23
P. Ear - TMJ
Head - Occipital Head - Vertex
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Neck - Posterior
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Back - Upper-Thoracic Back - Mid-Thoracic Back - Lumbar Back - Sacral
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Back - Low-Thoracic
Back - SIJ
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Back - Coccyx
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Shoulder Posterior Shoulder Lateral
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Upperarm Posterior Upperarm Lateral
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Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis Elbow - Olecranon Forearm - Dorsal Forearm - Radial Forearm - Ulnar
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Hand - Wrist - Ulnar Fingers Dorsal
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Hand - Wrist - Radial
Chest - Side
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Hand - Dorsal side & Wrist
Buttock
15 19 23 24 25 27 30 31 34 37 39 43 46 51 53 54 56 57 60 61 62 63 66 71 73 78 80 87 89 92 94 95 99 1 00 102 104 105 106 108
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Hip - Lateral
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Thigh - Medial
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Thigh - Posterior Thigh - Lateral
Knee - Posterior Knee - Medial Knee - Lateral
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Leg - Posterior (calf) Leg - Lateral Leg - Medial
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Ankle - Malleolus Externus Foot - Plantar
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73
Peter Jonckheere Jan Pattyn
MYOFASCIAL MUSCLE CHAINS
Trigger
vzw
Title: "Myofascial Muscle Chains" Authors:
Peter D.M. Jonckheere Jan A.J. Pattyn
Cover: Ignace Pattyn Translation: Kathelijne Decloedt
Copyright
© 1998
Trigger vzw
234 8310 Brugge
Weidestraat Belgium
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copywright owner.
Printed in Belgium - All rights reserved. ISBN
90-804265-1-2
979287
MYOFASCIAL MUSCLE CHAINS
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Index
Introduction
1
Chapter 1 : Practical Working Method
2
Procedure chapter 4 : muscle chains according to their pain region
2
Procedure chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle
4
Chapter 2 : Definitions
7 Myofascial Muscle Chains Trigger Point
Chapter 3 : Algometrics
7 8
9 Purpose
9
Myofascial Dysfunctions
10
Myofascial Pain Index (MPI) Conclusions
9 10
11
Chapter 4 : Myofascial Chains in function of the pain region Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw Eye
Ear - TMJ Teeth Throat Head - Frontal
Head - Occipital
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Head - Temporal
19 21
Neck - Posterior
24
Head - Vertex
Back - Upper-Thoracic
23
25 27
Back - Mid-Thoracic Back - Low-Thoracic
30
Back - Lumbar
31
Back - Sacral
Back - SIJ
34
37
Back - Coccyx
39
Shoulder - Posterior
43
Shoulder - Lateral
46
Shoulder - Anterior
Upperarm - Anterior Upperarm - Posterior Upperarm - Lateral Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis Elbow - Olecranon Elbow - Antecubital Forearm - Volar
40
49 51 53 54
56 57 58 59
Forearm - Dorsal
60
Forearm - Ulnar
61 62
Forearm - Radial
Hand Dorsal Side & Wrist
63
Hand - Wrist - Radial
66
Hand - Wrist - Ulnar Fingers - Dorsal
71 73
Fingers - Volar Chest - Front
76
Hand Volar Side & Wrist
Chest - Side Abdomen Buttock
69
75 78 79
80
Groin
83
Hip - Anterior
85
Hip - Lateral
87
Thigh - Medial
89
Thigh - Anterior
90
Thigh - Posterior
92 94
Thigh - Lateral Knee - Posterior Knee - Anterior Knee - Medial
95 97
Knee - Lateral
99 100
Leg - Anterior (shank)
101
Leg - Posterior (calf)
102
Leg - Lateral
104 105
Leg - Medial
Ankle - Malleolus Externus
106
Ankle - Malleolus Internus
107 108
Foot - Plantar Foot - Dorsal
Chapter 5 : Myofascial Muscle Chains per muscle Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers) Abductor Hallucis Adductor Brevis Adductor Hallucis
110
11 2 113 114 115 118
Adductor Longus
119
Adductor Magnus
122
Adductor Pollicis Anconeus Biceps Brachii
124 125
126
Biceps Femoris
128
Brachialis
130
Brachioradialis Coccygeus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus
Digastricus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
132
134 135 137 140 141 143 146
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
147
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
151
Extensor Digitorum Longus
152
Extensor Hallucis Longus
155
Extensor Indicis
157
Flexor carpi Radialis
158
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
160
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
149
154
Flexor Digitorum Longus
161 162
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
164
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
165
Flexor Hallucis Longus
166
Flexor Pollicis Longus
167 168
Gastrocnemius Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Gracilis Iliocostalis Lumborum Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliopsoas Infraspinatus
170 172 175 178 179
181 183 185
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers)
188
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes)
190
Latissimus Dorsi Levator Ani
Levator Scapulae
191 194
195
Longissimus Thoracis
196 199
Multifidus (neck)
201
Multifidus (back) Obliquus Externus Abdominis
202
Obturatorius Internus Occipitofrontalis
205 206
Opponens Pollicis
207
Orbicularis Oculi
208
Masseter
204
Palmaris Longus
209 210
Pectineus Pectoralis Major
212
Pectoralis Minor
215
Peroneus Brevis
217 218
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius
220
Piriformis
221
223 224
Plantaris Popliteus
Pronator Teres Pterygoideus Lateralis
225
Pterygoideus Medialis
227
226
Quadratus Lumborum
228
Quadratus Plantae
231
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
232
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
234
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
237
Rectus Abdominus
240
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
235
Rhomboideus Major
242
Rhomboideus Minor
243 244
Sartorius Scalenus
246
Semimembranosus
249
Semispinalis Capitis
251
Semispinalis Cervicis
252
253
Semitendinosus
Serratus Anterior
255
Serratus Posterior Inferior
256 257
Serratus Posterior Superior Soleus
258
Splenius Capitis
260
Splenius Cervicis
261
Sternalis
263 264 267
Sternocleidomastoideus Suboccipitale Subscapularis
268
Supinator
270
Supraspinatus
272
275
Temporalis Tensor Fasciae Latae
Teres Major
Teres Minor Tibialis Anterior Tibialis Posterior Trapezius
Triceps Brachii
.
277 278 280 282
283 284 287
Foreword
For the therapist who has to deal with a pain problem of the locomotor system there is an enormous amount of information available. Along with the "classical" orthopaedic approach, the manual, osteopathic or chiropractical vision, the electro magnetical therapies a.o. acupuncture etc., the Myofascial approach gains more and more importance. For a great number of therapists, Myofascial Therapy is the ideal completion of their other techniques.
This new book: "Myofascial Muscle Chains" is to be situated within the Myofascial Therapy. With impatience we have been looking forward to this book. It really fills up a gap in which the myofascial pain therapist will find practical information which cannot be
found anywhere at the moment.
How did this book come into existence? Why throw a book about Muscle Chains and more specifically Myofascial Muscle Chains on the market? The deeper roots of "Myofascial Muscle Chains" can naturally be found in the splendid basic work written by Travell and Simons: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual I and II. In this systematic work, Travell and Simons make mention of the fact that each
particular muscle has associated muscles. When active trigger points are found in one particular muscle, Travell discovered on
a clinical
basis that there
are
permanent connections between this muscle and other muscles. In practice this means that, when dealing with a pain problem, one muscle is found to be prominent, the associated muscles have to be checked and treated as well. Peter Jonckheere is
the principal
teacher
of
the highly
qualified course
of
"Myofascial Therapy" at the Jing Ming School in Flanders, Belgium. On the basis of his clinical practice and his intrrest in computer programs he went in search of
systems among these associated muscles and created the concept "Myofascial Muscle Chains" in the early 90ties.
With the help of his own ingeniously built-up schedule of muscles and the year-long clinical testing and debating with his students, this basic concept was gradually turned into what is lying now in front of you: a very handy workbook about clinically relevant links between muscles and their pain patterns. The manual is divided into 2 chapters: In the first chapter the therapist can start from the PAIN REGION. For this region all prominent muscles are presented into a schedule, together with
their associative chains. (The definitions of these chains can be found in an
introductory chapter). In this way the therapist immediately knows which main muscles he is dealing with.
In the second chapter the therapist can start from a MUSCLE. Which chains start from this muscle and which chains this muscle forms a part of? In that way surprising links between muscles of the same region occur. Links can also be made with more distant muscles. This knowledge can help the
treatment spectacularly.
The neurological segment per muscle is also mentioned: in that way the link between the relevant muscle chains and potenially primary dysfunctions in the vertebral column can be put more easily. Both authors are teachers at the Jing Ming School for "Myofascial Therapy" in Belgium.
Peter Jonckheere works as a physiotherapist in Bruges, is a pioneer of the Myofascial Therapy in Flanders, Belgium. He started the above training from scratch and is author of some basic works on MT.: 'Spieren en Dysfuncties, Trigger Punten,
Basisprincipes van de Myofasciale Therapie', Publ. SATAS and 'Pijn, u kunt er iets aan doen', Publ. SAT AS. Peter is vice-president of the Myofascial Therapists' Association and editor of
"Trigger Nieuws", the three-monthly magazine about MT.
Jan Pattyn works as a physiotherapist in Torhout, attended the training as a student of Peter's and some years ago he was qualified as a fellow-teacher. His enthusiasm and dynamism formed the start of their co-operation which resulted in the publishing of this manual in less than 1 year. As president of 'Trigger", ex-student and fellow teacher of the training and dedicated user and defender of the MT., I am convinced this manual is indispensable in the library of every pain therapist. Moreover, it deserves a place, within reach, to be
consulted easily, between two palpations or function tests, which, sadly enough, can not be said of a lot of manuals.
Kris Demanet, M.D. Sports Medicine Private Practice Torhout, Belgium.
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Introduction
Objectives To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region
in function of their focus and radiation. With
this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.
Methods In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary focal pain)
(muscles that give
and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain)
myofascial
muscle chains were determined and charted.
Results 1. Classification of the muscles
divided into 61 pain regions according to
focality and radiation. 2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain
region.
3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle.
4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.
Conclusions The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial muscle chains and so there is a point of application
to dissolve myofascial
efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.
dysfunctions
Chapter 1 Practical working-method
Myofascial therapy treats, by means of trigger points, pains that are caused by the malfunctioning of muscles. The purpose of this work is to present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region, in function of focus and radiation. This survey enables the user to consult the myofascial muscle chains instantly.
Procedure chapter 4 region
muscle chains according to their pain
PURPOSE: searching the main muscles starting from the pain region indicated by the patient. We argue horizontally. How do we determine which muscles are responsable for pain in a certain region? We start from a specific pain region, indicated by the patient Per pain region you get a survey of the primary and secondary muscle chains minimum 3 muscles that cause focal pain.
•
primary m uscle chain
•
secondary m uscle chain
=
=
minimum 3 that cause referred pain.
e.g. patient complains of pain in the neck.
pain focus
referred pain
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck) Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)
Infraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Suboccipital
Out of this schedule we immediately read there are 4 muscles that cause focal pain in the neck. By means of algometries (see chapter 2) we can determine which of these muscles contain an active trigger point. active TP
=
TP that provokes the recognizable pain when palpated.
2
An association m uscle chain can start from each muscle with an active TP out of the primary muscle chain. •
association m uscle chain
=
a muscle chain that only consists of muscles that
from their muscle in dysfunction develop TPs in associated muscles.
Example 1
:
our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Multifidus
Multifidus
Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervi cis
This schedule shows that the M.Multifidus has 5 associative muscles.
Which of these 5 associative muscles also cause focal or referred pain? Multifidus(neck)
In our example the 2 above-mentioned muscles are the only ones that cause focal pain in the neck. We speak of a primary association chain. We neglect the M.Sternocieidomastoideus because this muscle only causes radiation pain for the neck and therefore cannot be fitted into the primary association chain. In this book we only sum up the sheer primary and secondary association chains in function of each pain region. Example 2
:
our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Splenius Cervicus.
Splenius Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital
This schedule shows the M. Splenius Cervicus contains 4 associative muscles. Which of these 4 associative muscles also cause focal or radiation pain?
Splenius Cervicis
Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
3
In our example only the 2 above-mentioned muscles. Since both cause merely radiation pain, we can speak of a secondary association chain. For the same reason the M. Trapezius does not belong here. In this chapter we have determined which muscles are myofascially involved in a certain pain region . When we want to go further into this matter, we consult chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle. In that way we can put the links to other pain regions.
procedure Chapter 5 muscle
the muscle chains of each particular
PURPOSE: Finding the links (possibly to other pain regions) starting from the muscle that is already defined.
The working-method is vertical. We start from a muscle in dysfunction , as defined in chapter 3. e.g. a dysfunction of the M. Trapezius. Chains starting from the Trapezius
We give a catalogue of the muscles associated with the M. Trapezius. associated muscles (according to Travell & Simons)
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
We now give a catalogue of the primary and secondary asociative chains starting from the M. Trapezius in function of the different pain regions. Primary associated chains
Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP 1 ,2,3)
head - lateral
neck - posterior
etc.
4
Secundary associated chains
head - occipital
Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Scalenus
shoulder - posterior
Chains in which Trapezius is involved
Dealing with a chronological complaint in which different pain regions are involved, you don't always find the solution to the problem, because already several muscle chains have developed and succeeded one another. To go back to the initial muscle chain we have to proceed in a reversed order . We can do this by looking in which chain of another muscle the Trapezius occurs. The scheme below shows the muscle of which the Trapezius is an associative muscle. Supraspinatus associated muscles (according to Travell & Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Simons) Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii We schedule all the different associative chains which the M. Trapezius occurs in.We make three columns. Firstly, the muscle out of which the associative chain starts. In the second column, the likely involved pain region and in the third column the actual associative chain which the M. Trapezius occurs in.
Primary associated chains ... Levator Scapulae
Trapezius
Suboccipital
..
neck posterior
head-lateral
.
5
Trapezius
(contralateral, TP1,2,3) Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1)
Secundary associated chains ... Rhomboideus Minor Sternocleidom astoideus
...
back mid - thoracic
Trapezius
head occipital
Trapezius (TP 1 ,2,3)
6
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Temporalis
Chapter 2 Definitions
Myofascia/ Muscle Chains Conditions: •
the presence of at least 3 muscles
•
the presence of at least 1 TP per muscle involved
•
the presence of at least 1 active TP in the chain
Kinds:
Direct myofasciaJ muscle chain Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction,can cause pain, for a well-defined region. Primary direct myofascia/ muscle chain
Collection only of muscles that , in dysfunction, for a well-defined region, can cause FOCAL PAIN.
Secondary direct myofascia/ muscle chain
Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction, can cause not merely focal but referred pain as well.
MyofasciaJ Associative muscle chain Collection of muscles that starting from their muscle in dysfunction develop associative TPs in other muscles.
Primary myofascia/ associative muscle chain
Collection
of
muscles
that,
starting
from
their
muscle
in
dysfunction, develop associative TPs that cause FOCAL pain for a well-defined region. Secondary myofascia/ associative muscle chain
Collection
of
muscles
that,
starting
dysfunction, develop associative TPs
merely focal pain for a well-defined region.
7
from
their
muscle
in
that not necessarily cause
Trigger Point A self-maintaining hyper-irritable spot in a skeleton muscle or its associated fascia.
Active Trigger Point A very sensitive spot that , when palpated, causes an identifiable pain that totally or partly agrees with the pain track of the muscle in dysfunction.
Latent Trigger Point A spot that causes local pain only when palpated.
False Positive Trigger Point A spot that causes referred pain: or:
- not in accordance with the identifiable pain
or:
- in accordance with the specific track for this trigger point but with an algometric score higher than the MPI
8
Chapter 3 Algometries
Purpose The purpose of algometrics is to define whether a TP is active, latent, falsely positive or absent.This knowledge is based on the most recent data from the American study: "PressureThreshold for referred pain by compression on the trigger point and adjacent area." (Chang-Zern Hong, Yuh-Ning Chen, Debra, Twehous, Dennis H. Hong. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain.)
Myofascial Pain Index (MPI) Pain is subjective. To get an idea by means of algometrics of the pain the patient experiences , we must be able to make an objective evaluation. By means of the calculation of a myofascial pain index we can estimate objectively the value of the pain the patient can bear. The MPI is calculated by measurements on the 18 Tender Points with the Algoprobe® . The Algoprobe®
is an
electric algometer
automatically calculated .
by
means
of
which
the
MPI
is
,
The trigger point research is linked to the MPI and evaluated in that way in function of the individual pain threshold of each patient.
These are the locations of the Tender Points we have to measure :
1.
occiput : at the insertions of the Suboccipital muscles.
2.
lower cervical: at the anterolateral aspect of C5-C6
3.
edge of trapezius: in the middle of the shoulder
4. supraspinatus: the fossa supraspinatus at the medium edge of the scapula 5.
second rib: up lateral at the sterno-costal junction
6.
lateral epicondyl: 2 cm distal of the epicondyl
7.
knee: at the medium fleshy thickness proximal of the jOint
8. major trochanter: posterior of the prominentia trochanterica 9. gluteal: in the upper lateral quadrant anterior The MPI is the average pressure that is measured at these 18 Tender point locations (9 right - 9 left) =>
18 values have to be registered by pressure with the probe
=>
The MPI is simply the average value measured at the Tender Points.
Here comes an example how the MPI is calculated.
9
e.g.
left
right
TeP 1
3,70
4,30
TeP2
3,30
3,30
TeP3
4,80
5,30
TeP4
4,00
3,60
TePS
3,90
3,50
TeP6
3,60
4,30
TeP7
6,10
7,40
TeP8
8,90
7,20
TeP9
6,20
4,50
44,50
43,40
4,94
4,82
MPI
4,88
0,12
at the insertions Suboccipital muscles anterolateral aspect C5-C7 middle point of the shoulder fossa supraspinatus, medium edge scapula upper lateral at costochondral junction rib 2 2 cm distal of the epicondylus lateralis at the medium side of the knee posterior of prominentia trochanterica in upper exterior quadrant
The calculation of an individual MPI is essential for the following reasons:
I.
pain is subjective and has to be assessed objectively and individually.
2. when, as in the example above, a palpation pressure of 2 kg is used, a lot of muscle indications will be missed, as for this person too little pressure is given. When, on the other hand, a palpation pressure of 6 kg is used, this is too high for this person and a lot of false positive results will be registered. 3.
when
diagnosing myofascial dysfunctions, this MPI is determining whether we
are dealing with active TPs, latent TPs or with False positive TPs. This information is essential as to stipulate the way of treatment.
Myofascial dysfunctions In function of the pain region
(dr. Chapter 4) and the already determined MPI we
measure the Trigger Points that are considered. In function of the individual pain index we can automatically read whether a Trigger Point is active, latent or falsely positive. A TP is active when it has a lower score than the MPI and is attended with the typical referred pain . A TP is latent with a lower score than the MPI but without radiation. A TP is falsely positive when it has referred pain with a score higher than the MPI or when the patient experiences a non-recognizable referred pain with a score lower than the MPI.
Conclusions. It is useless to apply algometrics without determining a Myofascial Pain Index. The interpretation of the measurements can only be objectified in function of the patient himself.
10
Chapter 4
Myofascial Chains in function of the pain region
11
Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw referred pai n
pain focus
Masseter Pterygoideus Lateralis Zygomaticus Major Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Soleus (Iat UTP)
Tempora lis (3 anterior TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Masseter Orbicularis Oculi Platysma Pterygoideus Medialis
Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis
Pterygoideus Lateralis Zygomaticus Major Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
Soleus
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Haliucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Haliucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus
Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Temporalis
12
Face - Lower Cheek & jaw pain focus
referred pain
Masseter Trapezius (TP1)
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Platysma Pterygoideus Medialis
Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
Trapezius (TP 1 )
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus
13
Eye pain focus
referred pain
Masseter Occipitofrontalis (UTP) Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Orbicularis Oculi
Suboccipital Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1 )
Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)
Occipitofrontal is Splenius Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal )
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Splenius Capitis Suboccipital Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocu li Occipitofronta lis
Orbicularis Oculi Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi
Secundary associated chains
Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Splenius Cervicis (UTP)
Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP 1 ) SL\boccipital Trapezius (TP1 )
14
Ear TMJ -
pain focus
. referred pain
Masseter Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular) Masseter
Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus
Splenius Cervi cis (UTP)
Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontalis
Primary associated chains
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis
15
Teeth referred pain
pain focus
Temporalis (TP1) (upper incisor teeth) Temporalis (TP2) (upper premolar teeth) Temporalis (TP3) (upper molar teeth) Digastricus (anterior part) (lower incisor teeth) Masseter (superficial part) (upper molar teeth) Masseter (superficial part) (lower molar teeth)
Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporalis
Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Temporalis Temporalis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis
Digastricus Masseter
Primary associated chains
Masseter Digastricus
Digastricus Temporalis Masseter Temporalis Secundary associated chains
Temporalis
Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus
16
Throat pain focus
referred pain
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sterna/)
Pterygoideus Medialis
Digastricus
Masseter Temporalis Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocu li Occipitofrontalis
Sternocieidomastoideus
17
Head - Frontal referred pain
pain focus
Masseter Occipitofrontalis Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular) Zygomaticus Major Temporalis (anterior 2 TPs)
Semispinalis Capitis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Suboccipital
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis
Zygomaticus Major Occipitofrontalis Masseter
Temporalis
Temporalis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) D igastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior) Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter /
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
18
Head - Occi pital pain focus
referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Cervicis Trapezius (TP1,2,3) Digastricus (Post TP)
Semispinalis Capitis Temporalis ( Post TP) I nfraspinatus (Upper 2 TPs) Occipitofrontalis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Suboccipital
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis Multifidus ( neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis
Semispi nalis Cervicis
Trapezius (TP 1 ,2,3)
Digastricus
19
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP 1 ,2,3)
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Cervicis Temporalis Trapezius (TP 1 ,2,3) Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
/
20
Head - Temporal /
pain focus
referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Semispinalis Capitis Occipitofrontalis Suboccipital Temporalis Trapezius (TP1) Masseter (superficial lower 2 TPs)
Masseter Splenius Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Cervicis Splenius Cervi cis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Semispinalis Capitis
Occi pitofronta lis Suboccipital
.
Temporalis
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck) Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
21
Trapezius
Masseter
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) D igastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)
Primary associated chains
Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus
Trapezius Temporalis Masseter
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1 ) Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP 1 ) Occipitofrontalis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)
22
Head - Vertex pain focus
referred pain
Splenius Capitis
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal )
Splenius Capitis
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital
23
Neck - Posterior referred pain
pain focus
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck) Trapezius (TP1,2,3)
I nfraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Suboccipital
Splenius Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital Splenius Cervicis Scalenus Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Su praspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
Levator Scapulae Multifidus
Trapezius
Primary associated chains
Multifidus(neck) Trapezius
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 .2.3)
Secundary associated chains
Splenius Cervicis
Suboccipital $ternocleidomastoideus
24
Back - Upper-Thoracic pain focus
referred pain
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (TP5)
Biceps Brachii Rhomboideus Major I liocostalis Thoracis (T6) Multifidus (neck) Supraspinatus Trapezius (TP2,3) Triceps Brachii (caput longum)
Levator Scapulae
Splenius Cervicis Scalenus Levator Scapulae Trapezius I nfraspi natus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2 ,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
Rhomboideus Minor
Scalenus
Trapezius
25
Primary associated chains
Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus
26
Back - M id-Thoracic pain focus
referred pain
Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (TP4) Iliocostalis Thoracis (T6) Infraspinatus (lower medial TP) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Multifidus(back) (T3) Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Multifidus (neck) Levator Scapulae Subscapularis Trapezius (TP3-TP5)
Rhomboideus Major
Levator Scapulae Trapezius I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachiorad ialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus M inor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Scale'lus
Trapezius
Iliocostalis Thoracis
27
I nfraspinatus
Latissimus Dorsi
Multifidus(back)
Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Rhomboideus Minor
Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Su bsca pularis Pectoralis Major Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I liocostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck) Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
28
Primary associated chains
Iliocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi
Multifidus(back) Rhomboideus Major Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior l Iiosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior I nfraspinatus Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I liocostalis Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Trapezius I nfraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Rhomboideus Minor
29
Back - Low-Thoracic pain focus
referred pain
Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi(UTP)
Serratus Anterior Trapezius (TP3)
Rectus Abdominus
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Teres Major Triceps Brach ii (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I liocostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
I liocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior I liocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior I nferior
30
Back - Lumbar pain focus
referred pain
Multifidus (back) (L2) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP-L1) Gluteus Medius (med - lat TP) Rectus Abdominis (UTP) Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Iliopsoas Soleus (Iat UTP)
Serratus Posterior I nferior I liocostalis Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP- T1 0)
Multifidus (back)
Latissimus Dorsi Quad ratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior Quad ratus Lumborum (other side) I liopsoas I liocostalis Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gl uteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Latissimus Dorsi Quad ratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior Pi riformis Gl uteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (Posterior) Tensor Fasciae Latae Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor B revis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Quadratus Lumborum
Longissimus Thoracis
Gluteus Medius (med TP)
Rectus Abdominus
I liocostalis Thoracis
31
I l iopsoas
Soleus
Q uadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Q uadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumboru m Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
32
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum
I liopsoas
Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominis I liocostalis Thoracis Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I liopsoas Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Thoracis L----
I liocostalis Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Iliocostalis Lumborum LonQissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Remark
Eventually we can take the Hamstrings as a key for the low back pain in this region. In this book we didn't take them in the muscle chains.
33
Back - Sacral pain focus
Multifidus (back) (S1-S4) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Piriformis Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP - med UTP) Soleus (Iat UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Coccygeus Sphincter Ani Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - L1) Iliopsoas
referred pain
Q uadratus Lumborum (superficial) Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - T1 0-1 1 ) I liocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T1 1 )
Multifidus (back)
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Thoracis I liocostalis Lumboru m I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Rectus Abdominus
Piriformis
Gluteus Med ius
Gluteus Maximus
34
Soleus
Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I liopsoas I liocostalis Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Quadratus Lumborum
Coccygeus Sphincter An i Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus M edius Gluteus Minimus I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
I liopsoas
35
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Piriformis
Gluteus Maximus Quadratus Lumborum I liopsoas
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I liopsoas Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Recus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus
I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas
36
Back SIJ -
referred pain
pain focus
Multifidus (back) (S1) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Gluteus Medius (med TP - lat TP) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Soleus (Iat UTP) Iliopsoas Longissimus Thoracis (UTP)
I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial)
Multifidus (back)
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longu s Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fasciae latae Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I liopsoas I liocostalis Lumborum Obliquus Externu s Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Rectus Abdominus
Gluteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum
Soleus
37
I l iopsoas
Longissimus Thoracis
Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus B iceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Su boccipital Sternocleidomastoideus M u ltifidus (neck) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Quad ratus Lumborum Iliopsoas
Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum
Longissimus Thoracis i liocostalis Lumboru m Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral ) I liocostalis Lumborum
38
Back - Coccyx pain focus
referred pain
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) Multifidus (S1 - S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Medius
Multifidus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I liocostal is Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum I l iopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Pi riformis Gl uteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Obturatorius I nternus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani
39
Shoulder - Anterior referred pain
pain focus
Biceps Brachii Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (ant TP - mid TP) Infraspinatus (Iat TP - med TP) Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Scalenus Supraspinatus
Brachialis Latissimus Dorsi Sternalis Subclavius Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major (sternal)
B iceps Brachii
Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii · Deltoideu s Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus (anterior)
anterior part:
Infraspinatus
Pectoralis M inor
Pectoralis Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part) Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis
40
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)
Scalenus
Supraspinatus
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part) Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
41
Primary associated chains
B iceps Brachii Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus
I nfraspinatus
Supraspinatus Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Deltoideus I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Secundary associated chains
I nfraspinatus
Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Sternalis Subscapularis Sternalis Pectoralis Major
42
Shou lder - Posterior pain focus
referred pain
Deltoideus (post TP - mid TP) Serratus Posterior Superior Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus (/at TP - med TP)
lIiocostalisThoracis Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Scalenus Biceps Brachii
Deltoideus (posterior)
Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
posterior part:
Serratus Posterior Superior
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior) I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii (caput long u m ) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Su bscapularis
43
Teres M inor
Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6)
Triceps Brachii (caput longum)
I nfraspinatus
I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
44
Primary associated chains
Trapezius
Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral) Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius I nfraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum) Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Posterior Superior Trapezius Teres Minor
Scalenus I liocostalis Thoracis Levator Scapulae Scalenus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
45
Shou lder - Lateral referred pain
pain focus
Coracobrachialis Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus (middle part) Infraspinatus Subscapularis Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (clav) Scalenus
Deltoideus (posterior part) Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Teres Minor Levator Scapulae (UTP) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP)
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Supraspinatus B iceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)
Su praspinatus
Teres Major
Deltoideus (middle) I nfraspinatus
Subscapularis
46
Serratus Posterior Superior
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)
Pectoralis M inor
Scalenus
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Pectoralis Major Deltoideus Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brach ii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
47
Primary associated chains
S u praspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Teres Major I nfraspinatus
Subscapularis
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)
Pectoralis Minor
Scalenus
Deltoideus I nfraspinatus I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Teres Major Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Scalenus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Deltoideus Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Su praspinatus I nfraspinatus Su bscapularis Pectoralis Major
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres M inor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus
48
Upperarm - Anterior referred pain
pain focus
Biceps Brachii Scalenus Subclavius Triceps Brachii (caput mediale)
Brachialis I nfraspinatus ( upper 2 TPs) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major (sternal & costal) Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior S u perior Sternalis Supraspinatus Deltoideus (ant - mid) Subscapu laris
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Scalenus
Subclavius Triceps Brachii
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
49
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
50
Upperarm - Posterior pain focus
referred pain
Coracobrachialis Scalenus Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) Supraspinatus
Deltoideus (ant - post) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Levator Scapulae (UTP) Serratus Posterior Superior Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus (upper 2 Tps) Teres Major
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus Biceps B rach ii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i Sternocleidomastoideus Trapeziu s (u pper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Scalenus
Triceps Brachii
Supraspinatus
51
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachialis
Secundary associated chains
Coracobrachialis Supraspinatus
Triceps Brachii
Deltoideus Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor
52
Upperarm - Lateral referred pain
pain focus
Scalenus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput latera/e)
Scalenus
Teres Major
Triceps Brachii (caput laterale)
. I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitoru m (ring finger) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major
Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
53
El bow - Epicondyl us Lateralis referred pain
pain focus
Anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Serratus Posterior Superior Supinator Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum)
I nfraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Subclavius Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior & posterior)
Anconeus
Triceps Brachii Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & mediale) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoralis Minor Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis Biceps Brachii Palmaris LonQus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Serratus Posterior Superior
Supinator
54
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Trapezius (u pper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachiorad ialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Triceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus Brachiorad ialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator
Secundary associated chains
Supraspinatus
I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
55
El bow - E picondyl us Medialis pain focus
referred pain
Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) Pectoralis Major (sternal part)
Pectoralis Minor Sternalis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Triceps Brachii
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
Pectoralis Major
Secundary associated chains
Pectoralis Major
Sternalis Serratus Anterior
56
El bow - Olecranon pain focus
referred pain
Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum) Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
Serratus Posterior Superior
Supinator
Supraspinatus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoralis Minor
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachii Supi nator
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
57
.Elbow - Antecubital p a i n focus
referred pain
Biceps Brachii Supinator
Brachialis I nfraspinatus
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis Supinator Triceps B rachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus
Supinator
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Supinator
Supinator Brachialis B rachialis Biceps Brachii
58
Forearm - Volar
pain focus
Pectoralis Major (sternal)
referred pain
Subclavius Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Palmaris Longus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Pronator Teres Scalenus Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i (caput mediale) Brachioradialis
Pectoralis Major
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
59
Forearm - Dorsal referred pain
pain focus
Coracobrachialis Subclavius
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Su praspinatus Triceps Brachii
Subclavius
Secundary associated chains
Coracobrachialis
60
Forearm-Rad ial pain focus
Subclavius
referred pain
Brachioradialis Infraspinatus Scalenus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis
I Subclavius
61
Forearm - Ulnar referred pain
pain focus
Pectoralis Major (sternal)
Teres Major Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Serratus Posterior Superior Palmaris Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)
Pectoralis Major
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
62
Hand Dorsal side & Wrist referred pain
pain focus
Brachialis Brachioradialis Coracobrachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Indicis Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Subscapularis Supinator
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Levator Scapulae (UTP) Scalenus Subclavius Supraspinatus Infraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Abductor Digiti Minimi
Brachialis
Biceps Brachii Brach ioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps B rachii Deltoideus Biceps Brachi i Supraspinatus Triceps B rachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Pectoralis Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Brachioradialis
Coracobrachialis
Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis
Scalenus
63
Serratus Posterior Superior
Supinator
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor I ndicis
Subscapularis
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis B iceps Brachii Palmaris Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii(caput longum ) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus
64
Primary associated chains
Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Supinator Brachialis Extensor Carpi Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Supinator Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi
Brachialis Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor I ndicis Scalenus
Rad ialis Brevis
Rad ialis Brevis Ulnaris
Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Subscapularis
Supinator Scalenus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Diqitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
65
Hand - Wrist - Radial pain focus
referred pain
Brachialis Flexor Carpi Radialis Pronator Teres Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Indicis Opponens Pollicis Coracobrachialis Subscapularis Scalenus Adductor Pollicis
Flexor Pollicis Longus I nfraspinatus I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Subclavius Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supraspinatus
Brachialis
Biceps Brachii Brachiorad ialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profu ndus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Pectoralis Minor
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Pronator Teres
Supinator
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis
66
Extensor Ind icis
Opponens Pollicis Coracobrachialis
Subscapularis
Scalenus
Adductor Pollicis
Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris I nterosseu s Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Pollicis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius ( upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longu m) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer) Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Brevis
67
Primary associated chains
Brachialis
Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Indicis Scalenus
Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Supinator Brachioradialis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis Pronator Teres Brachioradialis Opponens Pollicis Subscapularis Scalenus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Coracobrachialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Pollicis Triceps Brachii(caput longum) I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
68
Hand Volar side & Wrist pain focus
referred pain
Adductor Pollicis Brachialis Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Opponens Pollicis Palmaris Longus Pronator Teres Serratus Posterior Superior
Extensor Digitorum ( m iddle finger) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus I nfraspinatus I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (sternal) Serratus Anterior Subclavius Subscapularis F lexor Pollicis Longus Scalenus
Brachia lis
Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Supi nator Adductor Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Poll icis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Su perficialis Profu ndus Flexor Carpi Ul naris Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Su perficialis Profu ndus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Abd uctor Digiti M i n i m i Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Su perficialis Profu ndus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ul naris Flexor Digitorum Su perficialis Profundus Flexor Pollici" Longus
Adductor Pollicis
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi U l naris
Opponens Poll icis Palmaris Longus
Pronator Teres
69
&
&
&
&
Serratus Posterior Superior
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhom boideus Minor I l i ocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus
Flexor Flexor Flexor Flexor
Carpi Carpi Carpi Carpi
Radialis Ulnaris Radialis Ulnaris
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ul naris
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Profundus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia lis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitoru m Superficia lis Profu ndus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Profu ndus Flexor Pollicis Longus
70
& &
& &
Hand - Wrist - U l na r referred pain
pain focus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Subscapularis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Flexor Dig itorum Superficialis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Abductor Dig iti Mini m i Levator Scapulae ( UTP) Latissim us Dorsi Serratus Anterior Pectoralis M i nor Pectoralis Major ( sternal ) Triceps Brach i i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ul naris Flexor Carpi Ul naris
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Flexor Dig itorum Su perficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia lis Flexor Pollicis Longus Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus M i nor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck) Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius ( upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectora lis Major Pectora lis M i nor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Dig itorum ( m iddle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring fi nger) Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres M i nor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissi mus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspi natus
Serratus Posterior Su perior
Scalenus
Subscapu laris
71
Secundary associated chains
Subscapularis Scalenus
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Pectoralis Minor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
72
F i ngers - Dorsal referred pain
pain focus
Abductor Digiti Minimi (little finger) Brachialis (thumb) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (thumb, index, middle finger) Scalenus (thumb & index) Serratus Posterior Superior (little finger)
Abductor Digiti Minimi Brachialis
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
Adductor Pollicis (thumb) Extensor Indicis ( index) Latissimus Dorsi (little finger, ring finger) Subclavius (thumb, i ndex, middle finger) Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) (ring finger) Scalenus (all fingers) I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (little finger) Coracobrachialis (middle finger) Levator Scapulae (little finger, ring finger) I nfraspinatus
Biceps Brachi i Brachiorad ialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis M inor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor I ndicis
73
Scalenus
Serratus Posterior Superior
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Secundary associated chains
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor I ndicis
74
F i ngers Volar -
pain focus
referred pain
Flexor Pollicis Longus (thumb) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus (little finger, ring finger, middle finger) Opponens Pollicis (thumb) Serratus Posterior Superior
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Opponens Pollicis (thumb) Serratus Posterior Superior
Subclaviu s (thumb, index, middle finger) I nfraspinatus (index, m iddle finger) Adductor Pollicis (thumb) Serratus Anterior (little finger, ring finger) Pectoralis Major (sternal) (little finger, ring finger, middle finger) Pectoralis Minor (little finger, ring finger, middle finger) Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) (little finger, ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi (little finger, ring finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Lonqus Adductor Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 I nterosseus Dorsalis 2 Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifid us (neck)
Secundary associated chains
Opponens Pollicis (thumb)
Adductor Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
75
Chest - Front pain focus
referred pain
Pectoralis Major (sternal, costal) Pectoralis Minor Sternalis Subclavius Scalenus Serratus Anterior
I liocostalis Thoracis (UTP) Obliquus Externus Abdom inis Platysma Serratus Posterior Superior Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular)
Pectoralis Major
Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Sca lenus Serratus Anterior Rhom boideus Major Rhom boideus Mi nor Trapezius ( m iddle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Pectora lis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Pectora lis Minor
Sternalis Subclavius Sca lenus
Serratus Anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius ( u pper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Mi nor Triceps Brachii (caput long um) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum ( m iddle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
76
Primary associated chains
Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Major Scalenus
Pectoralis Major Sternalis Scalenus Scalenus Sternalis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor Sternalis Scalenus
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
77
Chest - Side referred pain
pain focus
Serratus Anterior
Latissimus Dorsi
Serratus Anterior
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
78
Abdomen referred pain
pain focus
Rectus Abdominis (Mc Burney) Obliquus Externus Abdominis Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP) Pyramidalis
M ultifidus ( back) ( L2, S 1 ) Obliquus Externus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum (superficial part) Pectineus Latissimus Dorsi Adductor Magnus I liopsoas
Rectus Abdom inis
Obliquus Externus Abdom inus Add uctor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Rectus Abdominis Add uctor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lu mborum Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior
Obliquus Extern us Abdominis
I liocostalis Thoracis
Pyramidalis
Secundary associated chains
Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Magnus Rectus Abdo minis Adductor Magnus
79
Buttock pain focus
Gluteus Medius (med TP & mid TP) Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Maximus Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Piriformis (lat. TP) Gluteus Minimus Multifidus (back) (S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Sphincter Ani Coccygeus
Gl uteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum
G l uteus Maximus
I l iocosta lis Lumborum
referred pain
I l iopsoas Multifidus ( back) (S1 )
Piriformis Gl uteus Maximus Gl uteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Quadratus Lu mborum (other side) I l i opsoas I l i ocostalis Lu mborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gl uteus Medius Gluteus M i n i mus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M i n i mi s Biceps Femoris Semitendi nosus Sem i membranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l i ocostalis Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum I l iopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Femoris - Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
80
Longissimus Thoracis
Sem imembranosus
Semitendi nosus
Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus
Multifidus ( back)
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior Adductor Magnus . Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l i ocostalis Thoracis I l i ocostalis Lumboru m Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Add uctor Magnus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l i ocostalis Thoracis I l i ocostalis Lu mborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Gluteus M i n imus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gl uteus Maximus Pi riformis Gl uteus Maxi mus Gl uteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lu mborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Obturatorius I ntern us Sphincter Ani
81
I
Levator Ani Coccygeus
Primary associated chains
Gl uteus Medius
Q uadratus Lum borum
Gluteus Maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimem bra nosus
Piriform is
Gl uteus M i n i mus
Pi riformis Gl uteus Maximus Gl uteus M i n i m us Tensor Fascia latae Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l i ocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus M i nimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendi nosus Sem i mem branosus Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lu mborum Sem i membranosus Q uadratus Lu mborum I l i ocostalis Lu mborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Semitend i nosus Quadratus Lumborum I l i ocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis M u ltifidus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator An i Coccygeus Gluteus Maxi mus Pi riformis Gl uteus Maxi mus Gl uteus Medius Quadratus Lu mborum Secundary associated chains
Sem itendinosus Semimem branosus
I l i opsoas M ultifidus I l i opsoas Multifidus
82
G ro i n referred pain
pain focus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus (UTP) Pectineus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Add uctor Mag nus
Pecti neus
Obliquus Externus Abdominus
. I liopsoas Piriformis Quadratus Lu mborum Rectus Abdomi nus Q uadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis I l i opsoas Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus
83
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis Add u ctor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus
84
H i p - Anterior pain focus
referred pain
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus (UTP) Pectineus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Iliopsoas (UTP) Sartorius (UTP)
Quadratus Lum borum Quadriceps Vastus I ntermed ius Rectus Abdominus
Add uctor Brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pecti neus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pecti neus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pecti neus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis I l i opsoas Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimem bra nosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M i n i mus I l i ocostalis Thoracis
Adductor Longus
Add uctor Mag nus
Pectineus
Obliquus Externus Abdominus
I liopsoas
85
Medialis
Medialis
Medialis
Femoris
Long issimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Trapezius Splen ius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Add uctor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus
Pecti neus
Add uctor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Sartorius
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l i opsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Add uctor Magnus
Secundary associated chains
I liopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus
86
Hip
-
Lateral
pain focus
referred pain
Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Piriformis (Iat TP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3, 4,5) Gluteus Minimus (ant)
Gluteus M i n i mus ( post) I liocostalis Lum borum Gl uteus Medius (med TP) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral i s (TP2)
Gluteus Maxi mus
Gl uteus Med ius Gluteus M i n i m i s Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissi m us Thoracis I l i ocostalis Thoracis I l i ocostalis Lumborum I l iopsoas Q uadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Piriform is Gluteus Maxi mus Gl uteus M i n imus Tensor Fascia Latae Gluteus M i n i mus Levator Ani Coccygeus Gl uteus Maximus Quadratus lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l i ocostalis Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominis Latissimus Dorsi Gl uteus Med i us Gluteus M i n i m us Gluteus Minimus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l i opsoas Sartorius Piriform is Gl uteus Maxi mus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gl uteL's Med ius
Pi riformis
Quadratus Lu mborum
Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus Minimus
87
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumboru m Gluteus Maximus
I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum
88
Th i g h - Med ial pain focus
referred pain
Adductor Magnus (UTP) Gracilis Sartorius (UTPs) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (UTP)
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis ( UTP)
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Sartori us Add uctor Brevis Add uctor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus I l iopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Sartorius
Gracilis Sartorius
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Medialis
Medialis Femoris Femoris Lateralis I ntermed i us
Primary associated chains
Sartorius
Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Secundary associated chains
Adductor Mag nus
Sartori us
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadri ceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
89
Th i g h - Anterior pain focus
referred pain
Adductor Magnus (UTP) Iliopsoas (UTP) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (UTP) Sartorius (UTPs)
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis ( UTP) Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quad riceps Vastus Med ialis Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdom inus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Tensor Fascia Latae Pecti neus Semitend i nosus Semi membranosus Biceps Femoris Gl uteus Maxi mus Gl uteus Med ius Gl uteus M i n i mus I l i ocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l i ocosta lis Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Su boccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) I liopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Sartorius
I l i opsoas
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius
90
Femo ..is
Lateralis Medialis Femoris
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med i a l is ( UTP)
Add uctor Brevis Add uctor Longus Add uctor Magnus Graci lis Quad riceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris I l i opsoas Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Quad riceps Femoris Sartorius
Vastus Med i a l is Rectus Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus I ntermed ius
Primary associated chains
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius
Sartorius
I liopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med i a l is Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med i a l is
Secundary associated chains
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius
Adductor Magnus
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Adductor Brevis Add uctor Longus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Pecti neus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus
91
Femoris Med ialis
Medialis Femoris
Med i a l is
Th i g h - Posterior
pain focus
referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (post TP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris Gastrocnem ius (med UTP) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Gluteus Maximus (med UTP) M u ltifidus ( back) (S1 ) Obtu ratorius I nternus Piriformis Q uad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3)
Gl uteus M i n i mus
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Q uad riceps Femoris Vastus Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Gastrocnem ius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l i ocostalis Thoracis 'I liocostalis Lumborum Long issimus Thoracis Multifidus
Semi membranosus
92
Lateralis
Latera lis Medialis I ntermed i us Femoris
Semitendinosus
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumboru m Rectus Abdominis I liocostalis Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris M ultifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis B iceps Femoris Mu ltifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
93
Th i g h
-
Lateral
pain focus
referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP1-TP2-TP4) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
Biceps Femoris Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3)
Gl uteus M i n i mus
Pi riformis Gl uteus Maxi mus Gl uteus Med ius Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Gluteus M i n imus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus I l i opsoas Sartorius I l i opsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Sartorius Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I liopsoas Sartorius
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius
Primary associated chains
Gl uteus M i n i mus
Secundary associated chains
Gl uteus M i n i mus
94
Latera lis
Femoris
I ntermed ius Med ialis Femoris Femoris Medialis Lateralis
Knee - Posterior referred pain
pain focus
Biceps Femoris Plantaris Popliteus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3) Gastrocnemius (UTP med - UTP lat)
Biceps Femoris
Plantaris
Popliteus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
. Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Gluteus M inimus (post) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Soleus (UTP)
Adductor Magnus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Q uadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis Iliocostalis Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius Gastrocnemius Plantaris I liopsoas Q uadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
95
Gastrocnemius
Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus
Primary associated chains
Biceps Femoris Popliteus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Secundary associated chains
B iceps Femoris Plantaris
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus
96
Knee - Anterior referred pain
pain focus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP1-TP4)
Sartorius Gracilis
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pecti neus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus I l iopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Sartorius I l iopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Sartorius I liopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Sartorius
Adductor Longus
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
97
Medialis
Medialis Med ialis Lateralis I ntermed ius
Femoris Lateralis I ntermedius
I ntermed ius Medialis Femoris
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
98
Knee - Med ial referred pain
pain focus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis
I liopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
99
Knee - Lateral pain focus
referred pain
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP1 - TP2 - TP3 - TP4) Gluteus Minimus (ant)
Add uctor Brevis Adductor Longus Q uad riceps Femoris Rectus Femoris B iceps Femoris
Q uadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
I liopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Sartorius Piriformis Gluteus Maxi mus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lu mborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gl uteus Minimus
1 00
I ntermedius Medialis Femoris
Lateralis
Leg - Anterior (shank) referred pain
pain focus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Tibialis Anterior
101
Leg - Posterior (calf) referred pain
pain focu s
Gluteus Minimus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3) Soleus) (UTP med) Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius (UTP lat - UTP med)
Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Piriformis Plantaris Popliteus Sem imem branosus Sem itendinosus
Gl uteus Mini mus
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gl uteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae I liopsoas Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Quad riceps Femoris Rectus Sartorius Gastrocnem ius Tibialis Posterior Hall ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius Flexor Digitoru m Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Soleus Sem imembranosus Semitendi nosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gl uteus M i n i mus
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Gastrocnem ius
1 02
Latera lis
I ntermed i us Medialis Femoris
Primary associated chains
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior
Secundary associated chains
Soleus Gluteus Minimus Gastrocnemius
Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Semimembranosus Semitendi nosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
1 03
Leg - Lateral pain focus
referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Peroneus Tertius
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Gluteus Minimus
Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitoru m Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M i n imus
Peroneus Tertius
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus M i n i m us Peroneus Tertius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis 'Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
1 04
Leg - Med ial pain focus
referred pain
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus
1 05
An kle - M a l leol us Extern us referred pain
pain focus
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
Q uad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Tertius
Gl uteus M i n i mus
Piriformis Gl uteus Maximus Gl uteus Med i us Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lu mborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gl uteus Minimus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnem ius Soleus Gl uteus M i n i m u s
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Primary associated chains
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Longus G luteus Minimus Peroneus Brevis Gl uteus M i n i mus
1 06
Ankle - M a l leol us I ntern us pai n focus
referred pain
Flexor Oigitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
Add uctor Brevis Adductor Longus Tibialis Anterior Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitoru m Longus Extensor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Quadratus Plantae Add uctor Hall ucis Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitoru m Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Abductor Hal lucis
1 07
Foot - Plantar pai n focus
Abductor Digiti Minimi (toes) Abductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Quadratus Plantae Soleus (UTP med) Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis
Abductor Digiti M i n i m i (toes) Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Digitoru m Longus
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus
referred pain
Piriformi s Tibialis Posterior
Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hallucis Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitoru m Longus Extensor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsa lis 1 Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitoru m Longus Extensor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Haflucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
1 08
Gastrocnemius
Soleus Semitend inosus Semimem branosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitoru m Longus Gl uteus M i n imus
Quadratus Plantae Soleus
Gastrocnem i us Tibialis Posterior Hall ucis Longus Flexor Digitoru m Longus Gluteus M i n i mus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitoru m Longus Extensor Haliucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
I nterossei Dorsa lis 1 Add uctor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Abductor Haliucis
Gastrocnem i us
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hall ucis Longus
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Haliucis Brevis Flexor Digitoru m Brevis I nterossei Dorsa lis 1 Adductor Haliucis Flexor Digitoru m Longus F lexor Haliucis Longus Soleus F lexor Digitoru m Brevis Flexor Haliucis Longus Flexor Haliucis Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Haliucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Secundary associated chains
Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
1 09
Foot - Dorsal pain focus
referred pain
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius
Exte nsor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Anterior I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis
110
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus Tibialis Anterior Extenspr Hallucis LonQus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
111
Chapter 5 Myofascial Muscle Chains per muscle
1 12
Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers)
(CB-T1 )
Chains containing the Abductor Digiti M inimi (fingers) M uscle associated muscles
Palmaris Longus
113
( Abductor Hallucis
(L5-S 1 )
C hains starting from the Abductor Hallucis associated muscles
Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hallucis Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Primary associated chains
foot - plantar
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis
1 14
Adductor Brevis
(L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Adductor Brevis associated muscles
Add uctor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Primary associated chains
groin
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
hip - anterior knee - anterior
Chains containing the Adductor B revis M uscle associated muscles
Add uctor Longus Adductor Magnus Pecti neus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis
) 115
Primary associated chains
Adductor Longus
knee - anterior
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus groin Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus hip - anterior Adductor Longus Sartorius Adductor Magnus
116
Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Maqnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Iliopsoas Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Maqnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus
Secundary associated chains
Sartorius thigh - anterior Adductor Magnus
Adductor Magnus thigh - medial Sartorius
117
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Add uctor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Adductor Hallucis
(51 -52)
C h ains containing the Adductor Hallucis M uscle Abductor Hallucis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hallucis
foot - plantar
1 18
Adductor Hallucis Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1
Adductor Longus
( L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
groin hip anterior -
knee - anterior
Chains containing the Adductor Longus M uscle Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis
associated muscles
1 19
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus groin Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus hip - anterior Adductor Brevis Sartorius Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis
knee - anterior
1 20
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Maqnus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus I liopsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Sartorius thigh - anterior Adductor Magnus
Adductor Magnus thigh - medial Sartorius
121
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Adductor Magnus
(L2-S 1 )
C hains starting from the Adductor M agnus Adductor Brevis Add uctor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus
groin hip - anterior
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus
thigh - medial thigh - anterior
Chains containing the Adductor M agnus M uscle Add uctor longus Adductor Brevis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis Pectineus
associated muscles
1 22
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus hip - anterior Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Sartorius Obliquus Externus Abdominus Pectineus groin Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Sartorius
thigh - anterior
Sartorius
thigh - medial
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Iliopsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Rectus Abdominus abdomen Obliquus Externus Abdominus
1 23
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Magnus Rectus Abdominis Adductor Magnus
Adductor Pollicis
(C8-T1 )
Chains starting from the Adductor Pollicis Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Brevis
associated muscles
C hains containing the Adductor Pollicis M uscle Brachialis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Brachialis
hand - wrist - radial
Brachioradialis Adductor Pollicis Supinator
Secundary associated chains
Opponens Pollicis
hand - wrist - radial
Opponens Pollicis
fingers - volar
1 24
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis
Anconeus
(C7-C8)
Chains starting from the Anconeus associated muscles
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateralis
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
Chains containing the Anconeus M u scle associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachii elbow epicondylus lateralis Supinator
1 25
Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis LonQus Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
(C5-C6)
C hains starting from the Biceps Brachii Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
shoulder - anterior
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Brachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supi nator Brachialis
arm - anterior
elbow - antecubital
1 26
Chains containing the Biceps Brachii M uscle Teres M inor I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Brachialis Supinator
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus shoulder - anterior
I nfraspinatus
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major ( clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Teres Minor
shoulder - posterior
Supinator
elbow - antecubital
1 27
Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii Brachialis Biceps Brachii
Biceps Femoris
(L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Biceps Femoris Biceps Femoris
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumboru m Rectus Abdominis Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Primary associated chains
knee - posterior
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
knee - posterior
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
C hains containing the Biceps Femoris Muscle associated muscles
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
1 28
Secundary associated chains
Semitendinosus thigh -posterior Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
leg - posterior (calf)
1 29
Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
Brachialis
(C5-C6)
Chains starting from the Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Brachioradialis Supinator Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis
hand - wrist - radial
Chains containing the Brachialis Muscle Supinator Scalenus Biceps Brachii
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Supinator hand - wrist - rad ial Scalenus
Supinator Scalenus
hand - dorsal side & wrist
1 30
Extensor Carpi Brevis Brachialis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Brevis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Brevis
Radialis
Rad ialis Radialis
Radialis
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachi i Supinator
elbow - antecubital
Scalenus arm - anterior Biceps Brachi i
131
Supinator Brachialis Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
Brachioradialis
(C5-C8)
C h ains starting from the Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & medial)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator
elbow - epicondylus lateralis
hand - dorsal side & wrist hand - wrist - radial
Secundary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
hand - wrist - radial
1 32
C h ains containing the Brachioradialis M u scle Triceps Brachii Scalenus Brachialis Anconeus Extensor I ndicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor DiQitorum (middle finQer)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Brachialis Extensor Indicis hand - wrist - radial Scalenus
Brachialis hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor I ndicis
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
elbow epicondylus lateralis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Scalenus
hand - dorsal side & wrist
1 33
Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Supinator Brach ioradialis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brach ioradialis Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceos Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis
Coccygeus
(54-55)
Chains containing the Coccygeus M uscle associated muscles
Piriformis
Primary associated chains
Piriformis
buttock
Piriformis
back - sacral
1 34
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Coracobrachialis
(C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Coracobrachialis associated muscles
Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
shoulder - anterior shoulder - lateral arm - posterior �.
Secundary associated chains
arm - posterior
Deltoideus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
forearm - dorsal hand - wrist - radial
Chains containing the Coracobrachialis M uscle associated muscles
1 35
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Major
shoulder - lateral
1 36
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis
Deltoideus
(C4-C6)
Chains starting from the Deltoideus associated muscles
I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus anterior part:
Pectoral is Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part) posterior part:
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part)
Primary associated chains
shoulder - anterior
Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput lonQum) I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
shoulder - posterior shoulder - lateral
Chains containing the Deltoideus M uscle Teres M inor Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor I nfraspinatus Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii
associated muscles
1 37
Primary associated chains
Supraspinatus
Teres Major shoulder - posterior Teres Minor
Su bscapularis
Biceps Brachi i Coracobrachialis
I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
shoulder - anterior
Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Su praspinatus Coracobrachialis Teres Major
shoulder - lateral
I nfraspinatus
1 38
Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput Lonqum) Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Deltoideus I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Teres Major Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Subscapularis shoulder - lateral Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Deltoideus Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Pectoralis Major
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus
shoulder - lateral
Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Teres Major
arm - lateral
Coracobrachialis arm - posterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii
arm - anterior
Supraspinatus
elbow epicondylus lateralis
1 39
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Teres Minor Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Brachialis Su praspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
Digastricus C h ains starting from the Diastricus associated muscles
C hains containing the Digastricus M uscle Masseter
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Masseter
teeth
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
face - lower cheek
1 40
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
(C7)
C hains starting from the Extensor Carpi Radialis B revis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Pectoralis M inor
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus
hand - wrist - radial
Chains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle Supinator Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis
associated muscles
1 41
Primary associated chains
Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
hand - wrist - radial
Scalenus
Brachioradialis Supinator
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Scalenus
Scalenus
hand - wrist - ulnar
1 42
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoralis Minor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
(C5-C7)
C hains starting from the Extensor C arpi Radialis Longus associated muscles
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoralis Minor Primary associated chains
hand - wrist - radial
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus
C hains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle associated muscles
Triceps Brachii Scalenus Supinator Brachiorad ialis Anconeus Extensor I ndicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Dig itorum (ring finger) Extensor Dig itorum (middle finger)
1 43
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus elbow epicondylus lateralis Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator
Triceps Brachii Supinator elbow - olecranon Supinator
Brachioradialis hand - wrist - radial Scalenus
1 44
Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Supinator Scalenus
Scalenus hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radialis Brev;s
1 45
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
(C7-C8)
C hains containing the Extensor Carpi U1naris M uscle Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor I ndicis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
1 46
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) (C5-C8)
C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
associated muscles
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Muscle Brachioradialis Scalenus Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
fingers - dorsal
1 47
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)
Secundary associated chains
Brachioradialis hand - wrist - radial Scalenus
Brachioradialis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
1 48
Triceps Brachii (Extensor Digitorum middle finger) Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) (C5-C8) Chains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) associated muscles
Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateralis
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supi nator
C hains containing the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Muscle associated muscles
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Scalenus Brachioradialis
Primary associated chains
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 &2
Brachioradialis
fingers - dorsal
elbow epicondylus lateralis
1 49
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii
Secundary associated chains
Brachioradialis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Scalenus
hand - wrist - ulnar
1 50
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
(51 -52)
C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Brevis associated muscles
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus
foot - dorsal
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum Brevis M uscle associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
foot - dorsal
1 51
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
(L5-S 1 )
C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Haliucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Lon us
foot - dorsal
Secundary associated chains
foot - dorsal
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
C hains containing the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Tibialis Anterior Soleus Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Flexor Haliucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Haliucis Brevis
associated muscles
1 52
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis foot - dorsal
Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior
1 53
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor D igitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
(51 -52)
C h ains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
foot - dorsal
C h ains containing the Extensor Hallucis Brevis M uscle associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
foot - dorsal
1 54
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
( L4-S 1 )
Chains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Longus associated muscles
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Primary associated chains
foot - dorsal us Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
foot . dorsal
C hains containing the Extensor Hallucis Longus M uscle associated muscles
Tibialis Anterior Soleus Plantaris Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Dig itorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis
1 55
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Tibialis Anterior
1 56
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Indicis
(CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Extensor I ndicis associated muscles
Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Primary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Supinator Supinator Brachioradialis
hand - wrist - radial
Chains containing the Extensor I ndicis M uscle
Secundary associated chains
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 &2
fingers - dorsal
1 57
Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis
Flexor Carpi Radialis
(CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Flexor C arpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Longus
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
hand - wrist - radial
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
hand - volar side & wrist
C hains containing the Flexor C arpi Radialis M uscle Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Pronator Teres
hand - volar side & wrist
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
1 58
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Pronator Teres
hand - volar side & 'tIrist hand - wrist - radial
1 59
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
(C8-T1 )
C hains starting from the Flexor Carpi U1naris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis
hand - volar side & wrist
C hains containing the Flexor C arpi Ulnaris Muscle Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Pronator Teres Pal maris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
hand - volar side & wrist
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis
hand - volar side & wrist
1 60
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
(L5-S1 )
Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Brevis M uscle associated muscles
Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Longus foot - plantar
Flexor Hallucis Longus
1 61
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Digitorum Longus
(51 -53)
Chains starting from the Flexor Digitorum Longus associated muscles
Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal/ucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1
foot - plantar
Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Longus M uscle· Tibialis Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Hallucis Lonqus
associated muscles
1 62
Primary associated chains
Gastrocnemius foot - plantar Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Secundary associated chains
Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius
Soleus
foot - plantar
1 63
Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Profundus (C7-T1 )
&
C hains starting from the Flexor Superficialis & P rofundus associatiespieren
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Longus
C hains containing the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & P rofundus M uscle associated muscles
Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
hand - volar side & wrist
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - wrist - radial Pronator Teres
1 64
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundusi Flexor Digtorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis LonQus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
(LS-S1 )
Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Brevis M uscle associated muscles
Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hallucis foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
1 65
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Hallucis Longus
(51 -53)
Chains starting from the Flexor Hallucis Longus associated muscles
Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
foot - plantar
Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle associated muscles
Tibialis Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus Primary associated chains
Gastrocnemius foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Longus
1 66
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Pollicis Longus
(C6-C8)
Chains containing the Flexor Pollicis Longus M u scle associated muscles
Palmaris Longus Adductor Poll icis Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis
Secundary associated chains
Palmaris Longus hand - volar side & wrist Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - wrist - radial Pronator Teres
nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
fingers - dorsal
1 67
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Ind icis
Gastrocnemi US
(51 -52)
Chains starting from the Gastrocnemius Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus
Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Soleus Gluteus M inimus Tibialis Posterior
leg - posterior (calf)
Secundary associated chains
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus
leg - posterior (calf)
foot - plantar
C hains containing the Gastrocnemius M uscle Soleus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus Plantaris Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Biceps Femoris
associated muscles
1 68
Primary associated chains
Biceps Femoris knee -, posterior Popliteus Soleus
leg - posterior (calf)
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius Plantaris Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
Plantaris Soleus
knee - posterior leg - posterior (calf)
1 69
Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
(L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Gluteus M aximus associated muscles
Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumboru m I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Primary associated chains
back - sacral
Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum
buttock
,
Secundary associated chains
I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas
back - sacral
C hains containing the Gluteus M aximus M uscle associated muscles
Piriformis Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
1 70
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Piriformis back - sacral I liopsoas
Gluteus Medius hip - lateral Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
,
buttock Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus
1 71
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumboru m
Gluteus Medius
(L4-LS)
C h ains starting from the Gluteus M edius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae
back - sacral buttock
C hains containing the Gluteus M edius M uscle associated muscles
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum
1 72
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum back - SIJ Iliopsoas
Gluteus Maximus Quadratus Lumborum back - sacral
Iliopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum back - lu mbar I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum
hip - lateral Gluteus Minimus
Quadratus Lumborum
buttock
1 73
Gluteus Medius I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Lonqissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Il iopsoas Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius G luteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius I liocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Maximus buttock Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus
thigh - lateral
1 74
Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis I liocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Gluteus Minimus
( L4-S 1 )
C hains starting from the Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Minimus
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Primary associated chains
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateralis
buttock
hip - lateral
thigh - lateral
Secundary associated chains
thigh - lateral
Gluteus Medius Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus
leg - posterior (calf) leg - lateral
1 75
Chains containing the Gluteus M inimus M uscle associated muscles
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tensor Fasciae Latae Soleus Quadratus Lumborum Plantaris Piriformis Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum buttock G luteus Maximus
Piriformis
Soleus
leg - posterior ( calf)
Gastrocnemius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
ankle malleolus externus
1 76
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Quadratus Lumborum ( other side ) Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum hip -. Iateral Gluteus Maximus Plantaris
knee - posterior
1 77
I liocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus
Gracilis
(L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Gracilis associated muscles
Sartorius
C h ains containing the Gracilis M u scle associated muscles
Sartorius Obliquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Pectineus
Primary associated chains
Sartorius
thigh - medial
1 78
Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Iliocostalis Lumborum
(C4-L3)
Chains starting from the Iliocostalis L umborum Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
associated muscles
Chains containing the Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Maximus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus Maximus buttock
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
1 79
Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Mini mus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum Il iocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I liopsoas back SIJ -
Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum back - lumbar Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus
1 80
Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Iliocostalis Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Iliocostalis Lumborum LonQissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliocostalis Thoracis
(C4-L3)
Chains starting from the I liocostalis Thoracis associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
back - mid-thoracic back - low-thoracic
Secundary associated chains
back - lumbar
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Chains containing the I l iocostalis Thoracis M uscle Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi
associated muscles
1 81
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi
back - low-thoracic
Latissimus Dorsi back - mid-thoracic Serratus Posterior Superior
I liopsoas
back - lumbar
lliosostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior lliosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus
back - sacral
Serratus Posterior Superior
shoulder - posterior
1 82
Iliocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Scalenus Iliocostalis Thorac_i�
Iliopsoas
(T1 2-L4)
C hains starting from the Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumboru m Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius I liocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis
back - lumbar
back - SIJ
back - sacral
Secundary associated chains
I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum
back - lumbar back - SIJ
1 83
C hains containing the Iliopsoas M uscle associated muscles
Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadratus Lumborum Pectineus Gluteus Maximus Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum
back - SIJ
Quadratus Lumborum
back - lumbar
Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Quadratus Lumborum
Pectineus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius
hip - anterior
thigh - anterior
Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Iliopsoas Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus
back - sacral
Semitendinosus buttock Semimembranosus
1 84
I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Iliopsoas Multifidus Iliopsoas Multifidus
Infraspinatus
(C4-C6)
Chains starting from the Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
Secundary associated chains
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
1 85
C hains containing the Infraspinatus M uscle associated muscles
Teres Minor Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Deltoideus Primary associated chains
Deltoideus shoulder - anterior Supraspinatus Supraspinatus
Teres M inor shoulder - posterior Subscapularis
Deltoideus Supraspinatus Deltoideus shoulder - lateral Subscapularis Rhomboideus Major back - mid-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor
1 86
Biceps Brachii Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Trapezius Infraspinatus Trapezius
Secundary associated chains
Supraspinatus
arm - posterior
Supraspinatus
elbow epicondylus lateralis
Subscapularis
hand - wrist - radial
Subscapularis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
1 87
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus Infraspinatus Deltoideus Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Interosseus Dorsalis
1 &2
(fingers)
(CB
T1 ) C hains starting from the I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis M inor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Su perficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor I ndicis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
fingers - dorsal
Secundary associated chains
fingers - dorsal
Latissimus Dorsi . Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis
1 88
Chains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 M u scle associated muscles
Adductor Pollicis
Secundary associated chains
Opponens Pollicis
hand - wrist - radial
Opponens Pollicis
fingers - volar
1 89
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 &2 Adductor Pollicis Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis
Interosseus Dorsalis
1
(toes)
(51 -52)
C hains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) Muscle Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Longus
foot - plantar
Flexor Hallucis Longus
1 90
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Latissimus Dorsi
(C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Latissimus Dorsi associated muscles
Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (upper) Subscapularis Iliocostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic
I l iosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior l Iiosostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior
back - low-thoracic
C hains containing the Latissimus Dorsi M uscle associated muscles
lIiosostalis Thoracis Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Teres Major Supraspinatus Subscapularis Serratus Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis I nfraspinatus Iliocostalis Lumboru m Deltoideus
1 91
Primary associated chains
I liocostalis Thoracis
back - low-thoracic
I liocostalis Thoracis back - mid-thoracic Multifidus(back) Serratus Anterior
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus (back) back - l umbar Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis I nfraspinatus
shoulder - anterior
Teres Minor
shoulder - posterior
Teres Major Supraspinatus shoulder - lateral I nfraspinatus Subscapularis
1 92
Iliocostalis Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor
Triceps Brachii arm - posterior Supraspinatus Subscapularis
hand - wrist - ulnar
Subscapularis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 &2
fingers - dorsal
1 93
Teres Major Teres M inor Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis
Levator Ani
(53-55)
C h ains containing the Levator Ani Muscle associated muscles
Piriformis
Primary associated chains
Piriformis
buttock
Piriformis
back - sacral
1 94
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Levator Scapulae
(C4-C5)
Chains starting from the Levator Scapulae associated muscles
Splenius Cervicis Scalenus
Chains containing the Levator Scapulae M uscle associated muscles
Trapezius Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Mu ltifidus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor
Primary associated chains
Multifidus (neck) neck - posterior Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor back - high-thoracic Trapezius
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP 1 ,2 ,3) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Secundary associated chains
Rhomboideus Minor
back - mid-thoracic
Trapezius
shoulder - posterior
1 95
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Levator Scapulae Scalenus
Longissimus Thoracis
(C2-LS)
Chains starting from the Longissimus Thoracis associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
back - lumbar
Chains containing the Longissimus Thoracis M uscle associated muscles
Gluteus Maximus Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
1 96
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Iliopsoas
Iliopsoas
back - SIJ
Iliopsoas
back - lumbar
Gluteus Maximus
buttock Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
1 97
G luteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Iliocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I liopsoas
back - lu mbar
I liopsoas
back - SIJ
Gluteus Maximus
back - sacral
1 98
Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum I liocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas
Masseter Chains starting from the Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus PteryQoideus Lateralis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
ear - TMJ
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
head - frontal head - lateral
Secundary associated chains
Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (3 anterior TPs) Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
face - upper cheek
face - lower cheek eye
1 99
C hains containing the Masseter M u scle associated muscles
Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus DiQastricus
Primary associated chains
Digastricus
teeth
Sternocleidomastoideus
eye
Temporalis head - frontal Sternocleidomastoideus Sternocleidomastoideus head - lateral Temporalis
Masseter Temporalis Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Trapezius Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Masseter
--
Secundary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
face - u pper cheek teeth head - lateral
200
Masseter Temporalis Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)
Multifidus (neck)
(C3-S4)
C hains starting from the Multifidus (neck) associated muscles
Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Primary associated chains
neck - posterior
Chains containing the M ultifidus (neck) Muscle associated muscles
Suboccipital
201
Multifidus (back)
(C3-S4)
C hains starting from the M ultifidus (back) associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Su erior
back - mid-thoracic
Secundary associated chains
back - lumbar
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
C h ains containing the M ultifidus (back) M uscle associated muscles
I
Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Semitendinosus buttock Semimembranosus
202
Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Semitendinosus buttock Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus thigh - posterior Semimembranosus
203
I l iopsoas Multifidus I liopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Obliquus Externus Abdominis
(T5-T1 2)
C hains starting from the Obliquus Externus Abdominus associated muscles
Rectus Abdominis Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus Primary associated chains
groin
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus
hip - anterior
Secundary associated chains
abdomen
Rectus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus
C hains containing the Obliquus Externus Abdominus M uscle associated muscles
Rectus Abdominis Quadratus Lumboru m Secundary associated chains
Rectus Abdominus
abdomen
204
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Magnus
Obturatorius Internus
(L 1 -L4)
Chains containing the Obturatorius Externus M uscle associated muscles
Piriformis
205
Occipitofrontalis
C hains containing the Occipitofrontalis M uscle
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus head - lateral Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoideus
head - frontal
Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius
head - occipital
206
Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
Opponens Pollicis
(C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Opponens Pollicis associated muscles
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Add uctor Pollicis
Secundary associated chains
hand - wrist - radial
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Add uctor Pollicis
fingers - volar
Chains containing the Opponens Pollicis M uscle associated muscles
Adductor Poll icis
207
Orbicularis Oculi
C h ains containing the Orbicularis Oculi M uscle associated muscles
Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
eye
208
Masseter Splenius Cervi cis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi
Palmaris Longus
(CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Palmaris Longus Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
hand - volar side & wrist
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
hand - volar side & wrist
Chains containing the Palmaris Longus Muscle associated muscles
Supinator
209
Pectineus
(L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Iliopsoas
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
g roin hip - anterior
Chains containing the Pectineus M uscle associated muscles
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Iliopsoas Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus . Adductor Brevis
210
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis hip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis g roin Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Add uctor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pecti neus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Magnus
thigh - anterior
21 1
Adductor Brevis Add uctor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pecti neus
Pectoralis Major
(C5-T1 )
Chains starting from the Pectoralis M ajor Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
thorax - anterior
Scalenus Sternalis Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis
shoulder - anterior shoulder - lateral
Secundary associated chains
Sternalis Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus Sternalis Serratus Anterior
shoulder - anterior shoulder - lateral elbow - epicondylus medialis
212
--
Chains containing the Pectoralis Major Muscle Trapezius Subscapularis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Pectoralis Minor I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Pectoralis Minor thorax - anterior Scalenus
Deltoideus
Infraspinatus shoulder - anterior Scalenus Pectoralis M inor
I nfraspinatus
213
Pectoralis Major Sternalis Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Teres Major Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Subscapularis
Subscapularis shoulder - lateral Pectoralis M inor
Scalenus
Teres Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
I nfraspinatus shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Minor Scalenus
Subscapularis
arm - anterior
hand - wrist - ulnar
Pectoralis M inor Sternalis
thorax - anterior
Scalenus
214
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Major Sternalis Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
(C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Pectoralis Minor associated muscles
Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis
Primary associated chains
thorax - anterior shoulder - anterior shoulder - lateral
Pectoralis Major Sternalis Scalenus Deltoideus , Pectoral is Major Scalenus Deltoideus Pectoral is Major Scalenus ,.
,
Secundary associated chains
shoulder - anterior
Pectoralis Major Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
thorax - anterior
C hains containing the Pectoralis Minor M uscle associated muscles
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
215
Primary associated chains
Scalenus
thorax - anterior
Scalenus
shoulder - anterior
Scalenus
shoulder - lateral
Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus
arm - anterior
Scalenus
hand - wrist - ulnar
216
Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii
Peroneus Brevis
(L5-S 1 )
Chains starting from the Peroneus Brevis associated muscles
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Primary associated chains
Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus
ankle - malleolus - externus
Chains containing the Peroneus Brevis M u scle Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Extensor Hallucis Longus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Peroneus Longus
ankle malleolus - extern us
Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
leg - lateral
217
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Longus
(L5-S 1 )
C hains starting from the Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M inimus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
ankle - malleolus - extern us
Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus
C hains containing the Peroneus Longus M uscle associated muscles
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Tibialis Anterior Gluteus Minimus . Extensor Hallucis LonQus
218
Primary associated chains
Peroneus Brevis
ankle malleolus - extern us
Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius leg - lateral Gluteus Minimus
219
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius
(L5-S1 )
C h ains starting from the Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Lon us
leg - lateral
Chains containing the Peroneus Tertius Muscle Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Plantaris Extensor Hallucis Longus
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Hallucis Longus
220
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Piriformis
( L5-S2)
C h ains starting from the Piriformis associated muscles
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
back - sacral
Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
buttock
Chains containing the P iriformis Muscle associated muscles
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
221
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius
back - sacral
Gluteus Minimus hip - lateral Gluteus Medius G luteus Medius buttock Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus
leg - posterior (calf)
222
Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Plantaris
(51 -52)
Chains starting from the Plantaris associated muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Secundary associated chains
knee - posterior
Gastrocnemius Gl uteus Minimus Soleus
Chains containing the Plantaris M uscle associated muscles
Popliteus
Primary associated chains
Popliteus
knee - posterior
223
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Popliteus
(L4-S1 )
C hains starting from the Popliteus Popliteus
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Primary associated chains
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
224
Pronator Teres
(C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Pronator Teres associated muscles
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus
Primary associated chains
hand - volar side & wrist
Secundary associated chains
hand - wrist - radial
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
225
Pterygoideus Lateralis
Chains containing the Pterygoideus Lateralis M uscle Temporalis Masseter
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Masseter
ear - TMJ
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
face - upper cheek
226
Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (3 anterior TPs)
Pterygoideus Medialis
Chains containing the Pterygoideus Medialis Muscle associated muscles
Temporalis Masseter
Primary associated chains
Masseter
ear - TMJ
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
face - upper cheek
227
Sternocieidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Temporalis
Quadratus Lumborum
(T1 2-L4)
C hains starting from the Quadratus Lumborum associated muscles
Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I liopsoas I liocostalis Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus M inimus
Primary associated chains
back - lumbar
Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Iliopsoas Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
back - sacral back - SIJ buttock
Secundary associated chains
back - lumbar
Iliocostalis Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Iliocostalis Lumborum
back - SIJ
228
Chains containing the Quadratus Lumborum M u scle associated muscles
I liopsoas Multifidus (back) I liocostalis Thoracis Gluteus Minimus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum back - SIJ Iliopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum back - sacral Iliopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum back - lumbar I liopsoas
229
Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius · Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum G luteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Iliocostalis Thoracis
Gluteus Minimus hip - lateral Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum
Semitendinosus buttock Semimembranosus
Gluteus Minimus
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Iliocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I liopsoas
back - SIJ hip - anterior
230
Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Iliocostalis Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus
Quadratus Plantae
(51 -52)
Chains containing the Quadratus Plantae Muscle associated muscles
Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hallucis
foot - plantar
231
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris (L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Iliopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
knee -anterior
Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris M uscle Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Tensor Fascia Latae Sartorius Iliopsoas Gluteus Maximus
associated muscles
232
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius thigh - anterior Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
knee - medial
233
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Add uctor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius (L2-L4) Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius associated muscles
I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
thigh - anterior
Secundary associated chains
thigh - anterior
C hains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius M uscle associated muscles
Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
234
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis ( L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Iliopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
knee -anterior
Chains containing the Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis M uscle Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Semitendi nosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris
associated muscles
235
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus
hip - lateral
Gluteus Minimus
thigh - lateral
Biceps Femoris
knee - posterior
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus
thigh - lateral
Semitendinosus thigh - posterior Semimembranosus
Gluteus Minimus
leg - lateral
Gluteus Minimus
leg - posterior (calf)
236
Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis ( L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus M edialis associated muscles
I liopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
knee -anterior
Secundary associated chains
knee - medial
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
C hains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis M uscle associated muscles
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius Add uctor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
237
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius thigh - anterior Sartorius Sartorius
thigh - medial
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
238
Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
Sartorius thigh - anterior
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Magnus thigh - medial Sartorius
239
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Femoris Vastus Quadriceps Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Rectus Abdominus
(T5-T1 2)
C hains starting from the Rectus Abdominus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus
abdomen
C hains containing the Rectus Abdominus M uscle I l iopsoas Latissimus Dorsi
associated muscles
240
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi
back - low-thoracic
I liopsoas
back - lumbar
Iliopsoas
back - SIJ
Iliopsoas
back - sacral
lIiosostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Lonqissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Iliopsoas
abdomen hip - anterior
241
Rectus Abdominus Adductor MaQnus Quadratus Lumboru m Rectus Abdominus
Rhomboideus Major
(T1 -T4)
Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Major associated muscles
Levator Scapulae Trapezius I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Primary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic
C hains containing the Rhomboideus Major M uscle associated muscles
Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Trapezius
back - high-thoracic
Serratus Posterior Superior back - mid-thoracic Trapezius
242
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I liocostalis Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Rhomboideus Minor
(C4-C5)
Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Trapezius (TP4) Infraspinatus
back - high-thoracic back - mid-thoracic
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius (TP3-5) Levator Sca u lae
back - mid-thoracic
Chains containing the Rhomboideus Minor M uscle associated muscles
Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Pectoralis Major Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Trapezius
back - high-thoracic
243
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Sartorius
lL 1 -L3)
C h ains starting from the Sartorius associated muscles
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Primary associated chains
hip - anterior
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
thigh - medial thigh - anterior
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
thigh - medial thigh - anterior
Chains containing the Sartorius M uscle associated muscles
Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Tensor Fasciae Latae
244
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
thigh - anterior
Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
knee - medial
245
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Scalenus
(C4-C8)
Chains starting from the Scalenus associated muscles
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Primary associated chains
shoulder - anterior
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
shoulder - lateral hand - wrist - radial hand - dorsal side & wrist
Secundary associated chains
back - high-thoracic
Trapezius Triceps Brachii Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
arm - anterior
hand - wrist - radial hand - dorsal side & wrist
246
hand - wrist - ulnar
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoral is Minor Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer) Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
thorax - anterior
Chains containing the Scalenus M uscle associated muscles
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Levator Scapulae Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Trapezius
back - high-thoracic
Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
back - mid-thoracic
Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor thorax - anterior
247
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Iliocostalis Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Pectoralis Major Sternalis Scalenus
Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Major shoulder - lateral Pectoralis Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
I nterosseus Dorsalis
hand - wrist - radial
fingers - dorsal
Scalenus Sternalis Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Subscapularis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Pectoralis Major Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Scalenus Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Posterior Superior Trapezius Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Serratus Anterior
shoulder - posterior
hand - wrist - radial hand - dorsal side & wrist thorax - anterior
248
Scalenus I liocostalis Thoracis Levator Scapulae Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
Semimembranosus
(L5-S2)
C hains starting from the Semimembranosus associated muscles
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitend inosus Biceps Femoris I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Primary associated chains
buttock
Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Iliopsoas Multifidus
thigh - posterior buttock
249
Chains containing the Semimembranosus M u scle Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus buttock Semitendinosus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris
knee - posterior
Gastrocnemius
leg - posterior (calf)
250
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
Semispinalis Capitis
(C3-C6)
Chains starting from the Semispinalis C apitis associated muscles
Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Cervicis Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Secundary associated chains
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus
head - lateral
C hains containing the Semispinalis Capitis M uscle associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Suboccipital
head - lateral
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP 1)
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Cervicis
head - occipital
251
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Semispinalis Cervicis
(C3-C6)
C h ains starting from the Semispinalis Cervicis Multifidus (neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
head - occipital
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
C h ains containing the Semispinalis Cervicis M uscle associated muscles
252
Semitendinosus
(L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Semitendinosus associated muscles
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quad riceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I liopsoas Quadratus Lumboru m Rectus Abdominis I liocostalis Thoracis I liocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Primary associated chains
Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis M ultifidus
buttock
Secundary associated chains
I liopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
buttock thigh - posterior
253
C hains containing the Semitendinosus M uscle associated muscles
Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus buttock Semimembranosus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris
knee - posterior
Gastrocnemius
leg - posterior (calf)
254
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
Serratus Anterior
(C5-C7)
Chains starting from the Serratus Anterior associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
thorax - anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
Chains containing the Serratus Anterior M uscle associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Ma'or
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi
back - mid-thoracic
I liosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Secundary associated chains
Pectoralis Major
elbow epicondylus medialis
255
Sternalis Serratus Anterior
Serratus Posterior Inferior
(T9-T12)
C hains starting from the Serratus Posterior Inferior associated muscles
C hains containing the Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle associated muscles
I liocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
I liocostalis Thoracis back - low-thoracic Latissimus Dorsi
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior l I iosostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior
Secundary associated chains
Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis
back - lumbar
Iliocostalis Thoracis
256
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior
Serratus Posterior Superior
(T1 -T4)
C hains starting from the Serratus Posterior Superior associated muscles
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck)
Primary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I liocostalis Thoracis
Chains containing the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle associated muscles
Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi I liocostalis Lumborum I liocostalis Thoracis
Primary associated chains
I liocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi
back - mid-thoracic
Multifidus(back)
257
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Iliosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior
Soleus
(51 -52)
Chains starting from the Soleus associated muscles
Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Primary associated chains
leg - posterior (calf)
Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
leg - posterior (calf)
Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
foot - plantar
C hains containing the Soleus Muscle associated muscles
Gastrocnemius Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
258
Primary associated chains
Gastrocnemius
leg - posterior (calf)
Gastrocnemius
foot - plantar
Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus
Secundary associated chains
Plantaris
knee - posterior
259
Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus
Splenius Capitis
(C1 -C8)
C hains starting from the Splenius Capitis associated muscles
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital
C h ains containing the Splenius Capitis M uscle associated muscles
Splenius Cervicis . Suboccipital Scalenus
260
Splenius Cervicis
(C1 -C8)
Chains starting from the Splenius Cervicis associated muscles
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis S u boccipita I
Secundary associated chains
Suboccipital Trapezius (TP 1 ) Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
eye neck - posterior
Chains containing the Splenius Cervicis M uscle associated muscles
Splenius Capitis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) Levator Scapulae
261
Primary associated chains
M ultifidus(neck) Sternocleidomastoideus
neck - posterior eye
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Masseter Splenius Cervicis Orbicularis Oculi
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis head - lateral Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Cervi cis head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus
262
Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Cervicis Temporalis Trapezius
Sternalis Chains starting from the Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Ma"or
associated muscles
Secundary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Ma"or
thorax - anterior
Chains containing the Sternalis M u scle Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Pectoralis Minor thorax - anterior Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major Sternalis Scalenus Scalenus Sternalis
Secundary associated chains
Pectoralis Major shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major
elbow epicondylus medialis
263
Sternalis Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Sternalis Sternalis Serratus Anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus
(C1 -C2)
C hains starting from the Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occi pitofronta I is Masseter Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis
eye head - lateral
head - frontal
Secundary associated chains
Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP 1 ) Splenius Cervi cis Temporalis Trapezius (TP 1 ,2,3) Masseter Temporalis
eye head - occipital face - upper cheek
264
Chains containing the Sternocleidomastoideus M u scle Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Suboccipital Sternalis Splenius Capitis Serratus Anterior Scalenus Pectoralis M inor Multifidus (neck)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Masseter
ear - TMJ
Suboccipital head - lateral Temporalis Temporalis Masseter
head - frontal
Masseter
265
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1) Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
face - lower cheek
Masseter
face - u pper cheek
Masseter
eye
Temporalis
teeth
Semispinalis Cervi cis
head - occipital
Semispinalis Capitis
head - lateral
Splenius Cervi cis
neck - posterior
Pectoralis Minor Sternalis thorax - anterior Scalenus Serratus Anterior
266
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis (3 ant TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
Suboccipital
(C1 )
C hains starting from the Suboccipital associated muscles
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
head - lateral
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1)
Chains containing the Suboccipital M u scle associated muscles
Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Trapezius
Secundary associated chains
Splenius Cervicis
eye
Splenius Cervicis
neck - posterior
267
Suboccipital Trapezius (TP 1) Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
Subscapularis
(C5-C8)
C h ains starting from the Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Teres Major Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
Secundary associated chains
Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii
shoulder - lateral hand - dorsal side & wrist hand - wrist - radial hand - wrist - ulnar
268
--
Chains containing the Subscapu laris M uscle associated muscles
Pectoralis Major Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus
Primary associated chains
Teres Major shoulder - posterior Teres Minor Teres Major
Infraspinatus
shoulder - lateral
Pectoralis Major
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum) Deltoideus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major Deltoideus Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
I nfraspinatus shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Major
269
Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Teres Major Pectoralis Major Sternalis Subscapularis
Supinator
(CS-C6)
C hains starting from the Supinator associated muscles
Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateralis
Anconeus Extensor Carpi Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Triceps Brachii Brachialis Extensor Carpi Extensor Carpi Extensor Carpi Brachialis
elbow - olecranon hand - dorsal side & wrist hand - wrist - radial
Radialis Longus Radialis Longus Radialis Brevis Radialis Longus Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
elbow - antecubital
Brachialis Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus
hand - dorsal side & wrist hand - wrist - radial
C h ains containing the Supinator Muscle associated muscles
Triceps Brachii Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachioradialis Brachialis . Biceps Brachii Anconeus
270
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus elbow epicondylus lateralis Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Tric8ps Brachi i
elbow - olecranon
Brachialis hand - wrist - radial Brachioradialis Extensor Indicis Brachialis Brachioradialis
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Extensor Indicis
Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supi nator Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Supinator Brachi,oradialis Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachii
elbow - antecubital
271
Supinator Brachialis
Supraspinatus
(C4-C6)
C hains starting from the Supraspinatus associated muscles
I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
shoulder - anterior
Deltoideus I nfraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Deltoideus I nfraspinatus
shoulder - posterior shoulder - lateral
Secundary associated chains
shoulder - lateral
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus Deltoideus
elbow - epicondylus lateralis
Chains containing the Supraspinatus M uscle associated muscles
Trapezius Teres M inor I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii
272
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Coracobrachialis
Deltoideus
shoulder - anterior
Infraspinatus
Trapezius
Teres Minor shoulder - posterior Deltoideus Deltoideus Coracobrachialis shoulder - lateral I nfraspinatus
273
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral) Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Secundary associated chains
Coracobrachialis
arm - posterior
Biceps Brachii
arm - anterior
Coracobrachialis
forearm - dorsal
Coracobrachialis
hand - wrist - radial
274
Deltoideus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Brachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Temporalis Chains starting from the Temporalis Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP 1 ) Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter
head - lateral head - frontal
Chains containing the Temporalis M uscle Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Trapezius Digastricus
associated muscles
275
Primary associated chains
Masseter teeth Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus head - lateral Trapezius Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus head - frontal Masseter
Digastricus Temporalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporalis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Masseter
eye
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter face - upper cheek Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus
276
Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Splenius Cervicis Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)
Tensor Fasciae Latae
(L4-S 1 )
Chains starting from the Tensor Fascia L atae Gluteus Minimus (anterior part) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I liopsoas Sartorius
associated muscles
Chains containing the Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle I liopsoas Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus
thigh - lateral
Glulteus Medius
buttock
Gluteus Medius hip - lateral Gluteus Minimus
277
. Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumboru m Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Teres Major
(C6-C7)
C hains starting from the Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum) Deltoideus Subscapularis
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
shoulder - lateral arm - lateral
Chains containing the Teres M ajor M u scle Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
associated muscles
278
Primary associated chains
Teres M inor
Subscapularis shoulder - posterior Triceps Brachii
Deltoideus
Infraspinatus shoulder - lateral Subscapularis
Deltoideus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Su praspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major Pectoralis Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Infraspinatus
Triceps Brachii
shoulder - anterior
arm - posterior
279
Pectoralis Major Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor
Teres Minor
(C5-C6)
C hains starting from the Teres M inor I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major
shoulder - posterior
Secundary associated chains
shoulder - posterior
Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
Chains containing the Teres M inor M uscle associated muscles
Teres Major Triceps Brachii Subscapularis ,Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus
280
Primary associated chains
Teres Major
shoulder - posterior Subscapularis
Triceps Brachii
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput LonQum) Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres M inor
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Triceps Brachii
arm - lateral arm - posterior
Teres Major I nfraspinatus shoulder - lateral Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
281
Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Teres M inor Teres Major Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres M inor Deltoideus Teres Minor
Tibialis Anterior
( L4-S 1 )
C h ains starting from the Tibialis Anterior associated muscles
Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
Primary associated chains
foot - dorsal
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Lon us
C h ains containing the Tibialis Anterior M uscle
associated muscles
Extensor Hallucis Longus Soleus
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus foot - dOrsal Extensor Hallucis Longus
282
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior
(L4-LS)
C hains starting from the Tibialis Posterior associated muscles
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis
Chains containing the Tibialis Posterior M uscle associated muscles
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Soleu� Plantaris Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus G luteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior
Secundary associated chains
Soleus
foot - plantar
283
Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
Trapezius
(C2-C4)
C h ains starting from the Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
head - lateral
Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ,2,3) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral)
neck - posterior back - high-thoracic
back - mid-thoracic shoulder - posterior
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapu lae Scalenus
head - occipital shoulder - posterior
284
C hains containing the Trapezius M uscle Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Trapezius shoulder - posterior Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor back - high-thoracic Trapezius
Trapezius
neck - posterior
285
Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral) Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius I nfraspinatus I nfraspinatus Trapezius I nfraspinatus Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ,2,3)
Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus head - lateral Trapezius
Temporalis
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1 ) Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occi p itofrontal is Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor
back - mid-thoracic
Sternocleidomastoideus head - occipital Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus eye Splenius Cervicis
286
Trapezius Triceps Brachii (caput lonqum) Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 ,2 ,3) Trapezius (contralateral ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1 ) Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1 )
Triceps Brachii
(C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Triceps Brachii associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Primary associated chains
shoulder - posterior
Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus
elbow - epicondylus lateral is
elbow - olecranon
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi
arm - posterior
Chains containing the Triceps Brachii M uscle associated muscles
Teres Major Supinator Subscapularis Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Biceps Brachii Anconeus
287
Primary associated chains
Teres Major
S ubscapularis
shoulder - posterior
Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Supinator
arm - posterior elbow - olecranon
Anconeus
Brachioradialis elbow epicondylus lateralis Supinator
288
Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus
back - high-thoracic
Scalenus arm - anterior Biceps Brachii
Teres Major
arm - lateral
Coracobrachialis
arm - posterior
Coracobrachialis
forearm - dorsal
Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Subscapularis
hand - wrist - radial
Scalenus
Subscapularis hand - wrist - ulnar Scalenus
Subscapularis hand - dorsal side & wrist
Trapezius Triceps Brachii Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Triceps Brachii Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ialis LonQus Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Pectoralis M inor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Supinator
289
Scalenus I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 &2
hand - dorsal side & wrist fingers - dorsal
290
Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Lonqus Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor I ndicis
Chapter 6 Appendix
291
Abreviations
UTP
Upper Trigger Point
LTP
Lower Trigger Point
TMJ
Temporo Mandibular Joint
SIJ
Sacro Iliacal Joint
TP
Trigger Point
Tps
Trigger Points
ant
anterior
post
posterior
med
medial
lat
lateral
mid
middle
C
Cervical Vertebra
T
Thoracal Vertebra
L
Lumbar Vertebra
S
Sacral Vertebra
292
