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Table of Contents The Two Lives of Pocahontas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Powerful Powhatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5
The Two Lives of Pocahontas This is the story of a young woman. She was an Indian girl, a princess, and an English Lady. Her name was Pocahontas. You will learn about her life as the daughter of an Indian chief
Who Was Pocahontas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6–7 The Men of Fort James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–9
and her life as Lady Rebecca in England. Her story will teach you how one person can affect the lives of many.
The Stick of Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–11 John Smith—Friend or Foe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13 Saved by a Girl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14–15 Pocahontas Kidnapped! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–17 Life as a Captive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–19 John Rolfe—More than a Friend! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20–21 Pocahontas’ Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22–23 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Pocahontas
Lady Rebecca
An Indian Princess Pocahontas w as an Indian prin cess because her father was a g reat Powhatan Ind ian chief. There a re no records ab out Pocahontas’ m other.
Powerful Powhatan Pocahontas was the daughter of a great chief. His name was Wahunsonacock (wah-hun-SON-uh-kok). He was very powerful. All the local tribes respected him. There were about 30 different tribes in his area. They lived in over 200 villages. The English settlers called Wahunsonacock a different name. They called him Chief Powhatan (POW-uh-tan) because that was the name of his tribe. Chief Powhatan had many wives. He had more than 20 sons and 11 daughters. Powhatan especially loved his daughter Pocahontas. She enjoyed being near her father.
Chief Powhatan holding a tribal meeting
Who Was Pocahontas? Around 1595, a young Indian girl was born. Her name was Matoaka (muh-TOE-kuh). This means “Little Snow Feather.” Her father decided to call her Pocahontas. Pocahontas means “playful one.” She had lots of energy and enjoyed playing
A Magica
l Sec
ret Matoaka was a sec ret name Indians b . The elieved t hat if ano tribe kne ther w your n ame, the harm wo n uld come to you. If could ke you ep your n ame secr spirits w et, the ould pro tect you.
outdoors. Her family lived in the Chesapeake (CHESS-uh-peek) Bay region. This is where fresh water leads to the salt water of the Atlantic Ocean. Pocahontas grew up eating oysters and fish. The forest where she lived was home to deer, beavers, and wild turkeys.
Map of the Chesapeake Bay region
Fishing in the Chesapeake Bay
Animals such as deer, beavers, and turkeys lived near Pocahontas
The Men of Fort James Pocahontas first saw British settlers in 1607. The Indians
The Indians secretly watched the settlers. The Indians hid in tall grass around the fort. The settlers
called the settlers white men because of their pale skin.
looked strange to the Indians.
Pocahontas loved to listen to stories about the white men.
The white men had more hair
The white men came on large ships. They lived in a colony
than the Indians did. And,
called Fort James. The fort was named after King James I of
the white settlers wore funny-
England. Later, the fort’s name was changed to Jamestown.
looking clothes. Everything about them seemed different.
Men with Facial Hai r?
The Indian s thought that the pale men with bear ds were a strange sig ht. Indian women carefully p lucked ou t all the facial hair of the Ind ian men with clam shell twee zers. So, the fac t that the settlers wanted fa cial hair se emed odd.
The first British colonists building Jamestown
Birds-eye view of Jamestown
The Indians tried to become friends with the white men.
Settlers trading guns to Indians
They wanted to trade corn for the fire sticks. The white men were afraid of the Indians. At first, they would not trade. Soon the Jamestown settlers became hungry. Their British crops did not grow in this new land. So, they decided to trade. Powhatan Indians helping a settler to gather food
ck?
e Sti r i F a s i t Wha
t the was wha ” k ic t s e A “fir They d a gun. e ll a c s n India der ns “thun o n n a c d en calle never se d a h y e h ons sticks.” T , or cann s e x a l a t guns, me before.
The Stick of Fire Pocahontas heard stories about something called a “fire stick.” She heard that this fire stick could kill people. Her friends were afraid of this stick. Then, the Indians learned that the fire stick could also help them hunt animals. 10
11
John Smith — Friend or Foe?
Conspira
cy Th
eory? An Engli sh capta in accuse Smith of d John mutiny o n his ship was put . Smith in chains . Later, h freed of e was the charg es. Perh experien aps this ce made him brav the India e with ns.
Pocahontas was a regular visitor to Jamestown. She talked often with a man named John Smith. He wanted to learn from the Indians. The settlers were not very good at growing crops. Smith visited the Indian villages to trade for food. One day, a group of Indians captured (CAP-chured) Smith. They took him to Chief Powhatan. The chief seemed to welcome him at first. Then, the Indians stretched him across some stones. They raised their clubs above his head. Smith thought he was about to die.
John Smith 12
Captains John Smith and Christopher Newport landing at Jamestown on May 14, 1607
The Indians and settlers did not always get along. Here, John Smith is taking an Indian prisoner.
This is how John Smith was captured by the Powhatan Indians.
13
Saved by a Girl
During this time, Pocahontas
John Smith was in danger. Suddenly, Pocahontas ran up to Smith and placed her head on his. Chief Powhatan told his men to free Smith. Years later, Smith wrote in a book that Pocahontas had saved his life. After that, Powhatan adopted Smith as his son. The settlers were finally at peace with the Indians.
would tell her father when the settlers were low on food. Then, the Indians could bring the settlers food and furs. The settlers gave the Indians hatchets and trinkets in return.
Life or Death
When Pocaho ntas ran to Jo hn Smith, she pe rformed the In dian execution (ek -si-Q-shun) an d salvation (salVAY-shun) ce remony. This ceremon y meant that Smith was now part of the tribe.
Pocahontas saving Smith’s life
Powhatan Indians with food they have gathered
Powhatan hunters
14
15
Pocahontas Kidnapped! By 1613, the British and the Indians were no longer getting along. Captain Samuel Argall decided to kidnap Pocahontas. Kidnapping Powhatan’s daughter would make
Indians to give up their guns. If everyone could agree, then Pocahontas would be allowed to return home. Chief Powhatan only sent
the chief want to work with the settlers. Argall convinced
back some of the prisoners. The
an Indian to trick Pocahontas into coming to his ship.
guns he returned were broken.
The captain wanted a ransom from Chief Powhatan. He wanted British prisoners set free. And, he wanted the Map of the region drawn by John Smith
He asked the settlers to take
Sewing Class Pocahontas showed the British women “nature’s thread.” She used the silk fiber from a yucca plant for thread. She also showed them how to make bright colors for dying cloths.
care of Pocahontas. She remained a captive! Captain Argall kidnaps Pocahontas
16
17
Baptism of Pocahontas
Life as a Captive Captain Argall moved Pocahontas to a farm in Henrico, Virginia. Today, this is near Richmond, Virginia. He was afraid her tribe would attack them to get her back. Reverend Alexander Whitaker taught Pocahontas the
Convertin
g Nativ
Christian faith. She became the first Indian convert. They gave her the name of Rebecca. Rebecca had to get rid of her deerskin clothes. She learned the English language and prayed to their God. The new convert was a bright student. Rebecca dressed, acted, and prayed like her captors. Her captors became her friends. 18
Rebecca after her conversion to Christianity
es When the settlers ca me to their new land, one goal was to conver t the India ns. The English w ere proud of their ne convert, R w ebecca. T hey hoped to conver t more Ind ians as the settled in y the New W orld. 19
John Rolfe — More Than a Friend! The kidnapping of Pocahontas changed her life. She fell in love with a man named John Rolfe. Her captors allowed her to see her father once more. She told him she was in love with Rolfe. Chief Powhatan gave his blessing. She got married on April 5, 1614. There was peace once again between the Indians and the settlers.
well. In 1616, the governor thought of a way to raise some money. He wanted to take some Indians to England. The Indians would help convince others to settle in the New World. John Rolfe, Rebecca, and their one-
The Peace of Pocahontas There was peace with the Indians after the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe. The Indians were so friendly that the settlers called this period of time the “Peace of Pocahontas.”
year-old son, Thomas, were part of this group. Rebecca even got
The wedding of John Rolfe and Rebecca
20
Jamestown was not doing
to meet King James I.
John Rolfe and Lady Rebecca are presented to King James I
21
Pocahontas’ Legacy The Rolfe family set sail to return to Virginia in 1617. Lady Rebecca got very ill. The family had to
Before Lady Rebecca died, she said she was glad her son would live. She never returned to her homeland of Virginia. But, her son Thomas did travel to the colonies. Pocahontas was a brave young woman. Her actions saved the lives of the Jamestown settlers. Her capture by the British changed her life. She was important to the Powhatan Indians of Virginia. Then, she became important to the British settlers. The courageous life of Pocahontas changed the lives of those around her.
return to England. Rebecca died in Gravesend, England. She was only 22
TThhee LLeeggaacy cy LLeefftt BBeehhin indd
maassRRoolfe was TThhoom lfe was ra raisised in EEnngglalanndd. . THheo later re ed in mas latetur rn reetud toVVirirggin to iniaiato tofifinndd that Ch rned that ief PPoowwhhaata tannhhaadd left h Chief imaann left him inhheeririta tannce in ce. . HHee owned owned o u sa oth f acresnodfslaonf dacres of thousands . land.
years old.
Pocahontas and her son Thomas Gravesend Church in London, where Pocahontas is buried 22
23
Glossary captive—a prisoner captors—people who take or hold prisoners captured—took a prisoner by force or a trick Chesapeake Bay—the fresh water area between Maryland and Virginia that leads to the Atlantic Ocean colony—a new home set up by people who have traveled far away from their own country convert—one who follows a new way of life execution—putting to death inheritance—something that is given or passed down as a gift; usually given by relatives mutiny—a fight against a leader ransom—the price demanded before a prisoner is set free salvation—saved from a punishment or death settlers—people who make their home in a new land or country trinkets—beaded jewelry made by the settlers
24
