Sādhanamālā, Vol. I

SADHANAMALA

EDITED BY

BENOYTOSH BHATTACHARYYA, M.A. Li/e Ycmb~r,A~iolicSociuty of Bengd.

Central Library, Baroda.

Pl~bliehedby Newton Mohun Dutt. C'uM.tr)r of State Librarir*. f o ~ the Go\-~rnmcntof H.H. the Mnha~'n.ja(:wkwnd of Rar(K1~. Printed s t the Baptiut &ion Prees, 41. Inwer Circular R o d , Odcutta.

Price. Rs. 5.

HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA DR.SIR SAYAJI HA0 GARKWAD. G.C.S.T.. G.C.I.E., LL.D., in tbe course of his n~enlorsblcAddren~d e l i v a d before the Chnvmution of the Henartw Hindu 1Tniverait-y on the 19th zlanuclr~.1914, clivelt tit le~lptllon tire neoe~eity of hrerrdth of \-isio~ii n field of J~ldinnsoholarehip, R I : ~ warned all sctio1~1.s l o trr-oid Ilrcrt tnmt terrible of t l r c b

b-

Prrorv, the trf~rt.or,.tr~.*~v of thorrr~ht.rc*hicit rrt tlrv end 8tiJhz thntrghf and i~uf;r.itittnlif,y. '' Hin Higlrnc~~~'w words were

not lllere words o f elllpty co~lnc.il: he wan laying down a principle ivbic*h I~adrol~aixtt~ntly followed through11th

~ tof ~cl~olarship Hiu Highnem's out his lift.. 111 t h ~~ l lt er t)n*~dth c ~ tvisicw intlr~cetlI l i ~ ut,o i~lstitutihn thorot~gh esalllina t io11 of this .Tttill Hllcillclnl.x of .Jaisnlrner and Patt,ali. Tlliu si*~rv11 R K H ~ I ! let1 too the discovery of two nnicjtle alld ~ ) r ~ c ( ~Rr~dcll~i~t li~-s 13155 which were long supposed to ha\-(% I,ce~rloqt t o t l l c a \c.orld i l l their original Sanskrit. His Highness. in corlrsc*of thc snrne addrees, also at~norrncedthe dir~coveryo f thpae t w o MSS. The first in tilth Nyciynl)r.c~t*e.Qtr of Diilnaga, who is reputed to be the first yv~t~enliser of lridiall IAociv,and the second c ~ l~~ ~ f ~l i t n r a k with ~ i t ~the . Paiijih is t h T~a l f t ~ f ~ . s c r t ! q rof of Kitmltla4ila. Hot11 tliene ucholer~ will ever be remembered in Illdin11 history for having introduoed, Buddhisr~land Huddl~isticcult urc! into Tibet. Great io the achierea~eutcolil~equerlt011 the breadth of vision, which once on the part of the ancient Jainas, led to the preservation of these u~liqueworku in their Bhandam, and again on the part of His Highneen, led to the dimvery and publication of tl~eseworku. Furthermore, aotuated by his characteristic love of ancient Tndien aulture, His Highness gaciously promised his powerful eupport

to the cause of Buddhist and Jaitl studies in his State. An ardent lover and keen student of comparative religion he roalieed the lack of published materials for further rwertrches in Buddhism and .lainism. In pursuance of His Higtlness's wisl~esin the matter of Buddhistic str~diesseveral ue\v Hnddhist works have been undertaken for puhlicntion i t 1 tlie Cnekfocrd'r Oriental Sem'e.~,besides t 11e Xgilyn prvr /.P.(.IL and the Tnft?:a.sa~!h,grahu already referred 1.0. The niost inlporta 11t alllo~lg them are the SudhnnnmAlfi, .4dtrcr!ln ~-qjrcr.vn~~~!\rcri~(~ Jii~ n n ndddhi of I ntlral~hn ti, Prrr.j,?o1>irynt.ini~4cc1,ya~iddIt i of Anailgavnjrn a ~ l dthe TarEnhhas,c of ,\lokytlktirasrupta. (I

The Sadhicnu~nitlfibeing so~lle\\.htttvoll~tnino~~s, it is proposed to isslte it in two volunles. the tirst of which is now prenent.ed t,o tlw Satlsl;ritists. This book belongs to a little known l)t.;~nclhof Norther11 Hutldhism eallcrl the \Tajrayanrt. The importance of t.lle work was rightly recog~liacstlby t l ~ etautlioriticbs of t l l c x Rilrliothicc~Buddhiat Seriea o f S t . t3ctcrsl)rlrg, \vho tool< u p this work for publicatioll over 11 yenrs itpo 1)nt 11ad to abandon their activities dr~ringthe great \\-ar a.tltl tlie s ~ ~ b a e q r ~ e ~ l t Ru~siallKevolntio~l. The iatrodur-tion to th(. secoiid \?olumeof this work will girc full details of the SitrJhnrrnt~titliiand of the Vajrayanu syst,em of Buddhist pliilosoplly with n history of the litmetun. atid noticixs of the iniportatlt autllora mainly. 111 this ~ o l u m ewe will elldeavollr to explain tt few salient feature.? of the worlr whicll may enable our readers to follow the text with greater ease and satisfaction. The S i i d h n a ~ ~ n iis.i l aa ~ the title indicatee. acollection of short works called Sadhenas or rituals for worshipping deitiee. It s p p e m to be a heterogeneous collection of SBtlhanas, oompoed by different. authors, without any

PREFACE.

~ i i

definite plan. a~ can be eeet~frotn a qlence at the s~~110ps b of contents. The work begins with two Siidhanas for Trisamayan%ja, wllo is t.o he ident i6ed with Anloghasiddhi. one of the five Dhptini Huddllas. They arc followed by threr Sridlla11a.sof VRjriisnna Buddha wllo i~ pelierallg confonnded with G ~ I I ~ RBliddlln. I I I R hr~twho. as A matter of fact. is nolie other than tilt. I)hy&ni Ruddhn Aksoblig~ liimself. Only o ~ l cSlidhaan (So. 3) i l l single 31s gives the. Snrrrn.4irr.rr n s : --

hut RS his V ~ j a ~ l ~ i ~isn t'*r tH~I I I"~ t llt- Vijalnnatnr of A k ~ b h y un11t1 . as thcb Sndhat~lnNo. :I (p.18.1. 17) deacribcs \'rrjr&snu~as .Ak+ohlrgn nllrl i t l s o n.4 IIP shows t Ile Rhfiuli*parria 3lrldrli or tllc. 1111clraof .-!kvot)hytl, it is c l e ~ tbtit r \'ajrtisan<~ant1 .Ak.~;ot)l~yi~ I I I I I R ~ol~viol~sly be the same. .Akgol)liyn gt*tssthtb nl)itlict of Vtljruval~ntts his Lfiircc.lr.nr~a~ is the \ * H J ~ Ht111da.9 1 1 sits ~ i l l t hf? I'(!jrnp(tr!/ai.kaattitude. 'I'hc Sadhallas of \'itjri~sii~l;~ ilrcbs~~c-c.c~c~tled by u ua~nher of Siicl11ana.r clpvott*d t,o t 11ccii tTer*c~ t vnrietie~of Avalokitc4vnrn, t l ~ t : r S l i - ( ' o ~ ~ l ) i l s ~ i ~Kotlhisatt ~ ~ i t t ~ * va. who, acc.ol*di~rg to Kiira~!davy~~l~n. ~.tbfuncrlanl~at~ion, tl~ough fully (butit.lecl to it, I I I I ~i l all c.rcnut~ I I - ~ofS the I.'niverw were in posscsrior~of' tlle Ijoilhi Itnowlcdge. Thirtysere11 Sadllsl~as(6-43! are rlcvoted to his v s r i o ~ ~n~anis fedt,ations, na~nrly, $ai!ltkynri LokeAvnra, LokanBtha, Halahal~. Va jracl harnln. Khssarpalla, HirphanBda, Padmanartterivara, Harihariharivahanodbhavs, Trailokyava.bai~kara,S i l a k a ~ ~ t hI\layBj&lakrama-Lokesvara a. Sugatiaandarciana and Pretbgantarpita. The Sldhanas of Avalokitebvara are followed by 41 SBdhanas ( 4 6 8 4 ) devoted t o the different forms of Mafijukri, namely, Sthiracakra, Vadirat, Malijughoga, Arepacantl, V a j a nanga, DharmadhatuvBgikvara, Vlk. Siddhaikavirtl, M&rajaliIts- Maiij uk5, Alimanmatha, Vajrtlfikgga, Dharm&n khaeamadhi-Mtlfijucin, Niimtwabgiti, and

PREFACE.

X

-anq particle

(p. 179), for instaace, a has beon inc!uded in s long conlpound ; in mf&. two vowels are kept in juxtaposition without being joined together by the rules of Sandhi. hmetimes tinnecessary words are introduced in the line, (p. 70) in a Rloka in for inetance w u i m d -1 the U s j r r i metre; also, in ~f+$i qwrd 3 nmt 4 WTTKWWTTU- ip. 197) in a11 dnztp!rdh i l o l i ~ . Sometimee el80 an additiona.1line is introduced in a kloka of four lines, for instance, amm'sn; ifcr?i fw% 011 1). 70, 1. 12. ZIQT

It may not be out of place to inention here the nlethod adopted in editing this most difficult worli-olle written in a very outlandish language. Here tlie arrangement of the S ~ d h a n a8s~ foalid in tIhe -4, C'. N and Xa ha^ generally been followed. Sew Siidlla~lasnot occurring in individual MSS have been inserted in the micldle, end in their appropriate places. Regarding different r d i n g u , the one that approac11e.r Ilearest t.0 correct Sanskrit ha^ generally been rcd~pt~ed.AS regard8 Ortliogrephy slight changes have been made, while the correct Sanskrit spelling lias in most cmee been adopted, and care has been taken not to disturb the fantastic gram~~iatical oonstruction. It1 spelling words, the MSS do not generally agree : Rome give the correct Sanskrit form, \vhile others show variou~degrees of incorrectness. In such cases. the nearest correct spelling in Sa~lskrithas been adopted in the text, the incorrect forms being given in the footnotes. The -4 t~agrahcr( s ) marks are given very rarely in the MSS, so most of them have been added by tlie editor. At the ( ) is not end of the verses, in many instances d n w ~ r a changed info m (q). Uniformity .has been secured in thie respect. Throughout t.he book, whenever there has been any suspioion aa to the omiesiou of letters or words, addit-ionel letters or words have been inserted in square

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xi

brackets [ 1. When, however, the reading given on the text has been found to be obviously incorrect. the c o m c t form has been given on the body of the text, the incorrect form being enclosed within sir~glehrncket1~ ( ): and whenever ,zng editorid liberty has been taken with regard to the text. it has bee11so statecl ill the foot~lote~. Whenever again. passares or words could not be r~nderstood R query enclosed within silirle 1)rttcketn ( ? I I ~ M R been added tliereaftcl.. -4s regards tlre d i f f e l ~ ~rl et d ings, suggestions given in thc footuotes will be fonnd to be copio~isand i.sIlarlsti\.e. n~ldt l ! ~renders tvill. it in hoped. extend tl~cir ind~~lgc*l~c.c if so~ne r ~ r ~ n c ~ c e s s ~ r ~ readings are forllld tilereill. 'I'liej- arcnt tlcrtb for those ingenious readers \\.]lo art1 cb\ cr ready to dincovcr some hidden meaning ill ;dl ohscurc~I)irsuagtbn. Tl~c*reading wbich seenlcd to l ~ t *corrcvt and 1110at c*xprrsdive ~ Q R always been stat.etl on tllc I)ntly o f t llc t c ~ t .wllile fill others have been pat rlo\t111i l l the footnotcbs, R I I ~from these readings tllr*V C R ~ ( T S will Iinve alnplc opportr~rlitien to exercise their o\\ 11 ill~:~gination. The present etlitiol~of the S f i d k n ~ ~ a t r ~ i~ r i bl)clse
2. B. The original which is dated N.S. 285 (A.D. 1165) is now in the Cambridge University Library.

xii

PBEWACE.

Bdng old it it3 in some d e g m o o r k t , though omimions and errors are quite numerous. It has yielded severel new 8gdhantt.s which are pointed out in the footnotea in their respective places. It is incomplete in the beginning and in the middle and a few leaves ere lost a t fbe end also. Thiu MIS has been described under No. Add. 1686 on page 174 in the C'atulogue of the Buddhid San.~kritMlFR i n IhR U n i v e r ~ i t yLibrary, Cam-bridge, by Rendall. An a~t~henticated copy of this MS is preserved in t,he CENTRAL LIBRARY, RARODA.

.

I t is a paper MS belonqi~~g aluo to the Canlbridge Univereity Lihrary. It. is a grossly incorrect copy lllade hp Am~tiinandabhe Residency Pandit in Nepal wlleil Brian Hodgson was the Resident there. 'l'he date given in the pout-colophon is X.S. 939 corresponding to A.D. 1819. It is described in RendaW'~ Cnlalogzir under No. 1595 on page 132. In arrangement it is sin~ilarto A, N and Nb. A and C commit the xanle kind of ~nist~akes and r~pet~itions, and it appears thcreforc that tile original in both t l l e ~ ecanses was tshe same. 3.

N. This MS in palm-leaf is in an excellent state of preserv~tion.though some leaves at the end have been hlllrred alld erased bg coilstant handling. It is by far the best MS of Sfidhana,,aCtki and is mostsly correct. I t i~ dividetl. into two parts, the dirision being purely arbitrnry. and is written in a character similar t o that emplo~edin the MS of Paricarak?a which is d a h d in &aka 1211, corresponrlinp t,o A.D. 1289, and ia preserved in the B e n ~ n l~ s i l r t i c - ~ o c i e 1t ~, i~b' sr q . This MS of 8iidhn,tta??tiilfitherefore appears to have been written solnetiiue between A.D. 1275 and 1300. It is described in M M . Haraprasad Shestri'~Catalogue of palm-kxzj and I=pr MSS hloolging to the Dwrbw Librrtry, Nepal, vol. 11. on page 83. 4.

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xiii

5. Ab. The original MS in palm-leaf is in tbe Iibrery of the Asiatic Society of Bengd. An eutbenticated copy of this MS is aleo preserved in tbe CENTRAL LIBRARY, BARODA, and the p r e n t text haa been collated therewith. The readings herein found are rather whim~icaland dieagree with other MSS in many respects. I n arrangement also it i~ not regular. as can be seen from the descriptioil of the 1\18 in the Cdarlogue of ,qanskn't M S 8 in tire (Jotret*rrv~~ant Cdleetion under No. I1 1 on page !78 6.where a l i ~ of t 8Bdhanaa contained therein has been given. The writing of the MS is more akin to the triangular variety of Rr&hmi,and the date of the writing may be Idaced Romewhere in the beginning of the 13tl1centnry. 6. Ba. Two copies of this paper 51s are in existence, one in the Library o f tire Asiatic 8ociety of hngal, and another. in tile CENTRAI, 1.IBRARY. HARODA. It is inoomplete, the first and the last pageu being written in a ditlerent and a much later hand. Tlie writing of the MS appears to be about 300 years old. In arrangement it generally follows the MS. A, N and C with occasional omiseions. For a description of the MS eee A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanekit Mi98 i n the Government Collection. vol. I . under No. 112 on page 180 ff.where a liut of Ehdhanas ia aleo given. This M8, on the lest leaf, gives the data e~ N.S.224 corresponding to A.D. 1104, which seemu to be the date of the original A S S because, the writing i~ so late that i t cannot warrant us in placing the present MS so early.

7. Na. It ie a very defective paper MS written in a very modern hand end ie full of e m m and omiseions. It ie numbered 603 in the Library regiater of the Nepal Durbar Library and is dated in V.8. 1968, It begine with the Trisamayaraja SBdhana and ends with the $ot$eBabhuja-Mahahla a d b a n a and confeins about'

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X ~ V

150 &dhanaat in all. In arrangement it agrees with the M8S, A, C, and N. The MS. measures 12"x 6", contains 268 folia and itP extent in $lokas is 6,000. The p r e ~ e n t text ha^ only been partially collated with this MS.'

8. Nb. I t is also a very defective MS. and horribly incorrect, and is preserved in the Durbar Library. Nepal. It is a recent MS and hm been described in MM. Haraprasad Shastri's Catalogue of Seketed Pr~per and Palm.-leaf ,!?lS~~helonqi~ag to the Durbar Ldhrary, Nepal, vol. IT, on page 200 where a list of Siidha~~cts a l ~ oappears. The text hereinafter presented has only been partially collated with the MS. I11 nrrangement it does not agree with m y other MS of the work, and it contains a t the end some portions of ctnother work not t o be found in any other MS. These arc the eight MSS which were con~ulted or 11~edin this edition. There are some other MSS in esistence, but we had 110 opport~inity of consulting t l ~ e n ~Onch . i~ ill Cambridge wl1ic11is nllnlbered in the library regi~t~er as Add 1684 alld belongs t o the 13th century. The second is in the Biliothdque Nationale, Paris, and two others are in the possession of the Kombag Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Thougli we had not the opportunity of examining these MSS, vet it is hoped that t l ~ epri~ltedtest will he found to be ctcourate and complete. -4t this stage it is llecessary to discuss the title and the extent of the Siidhunamiilii. The 3lSS A, C, and Na cli~tiactlystate in the last colopl~onthat the name of the work is Siidhanamniilii. The 31s. Ba has the letters in. an. on the margin of every page, and these appear to be nothing but an abbreviation of the word m w s r m r . N

-- - -

-

.- .-- - -.. - - -- - . I a n obliged to my friend. Prof. Sudhir Kumnr Roy Chowdhuri, M.A.,of S1.1wl. for atapplying me with thin inionnation to mpleninh m y memory. 1

is also called ~ ~ R T Uin Uthe Cdalogau though the laet colophon is obliterated by constant handling. The palm-leaf MS Ab has no end and no laat colophon, but the blank obverse side bears the title ~lrrwmgqwwritten in a rery late hand. B haa neither the end nor the last colophon, but it has been called a r m in Bendell's Cntalque. Only in MS Nb we find the name mumqqw in the colophon of every Sfidhana, the nllmbers ebo being airen in every case. -4 glance a t the list of S & d h ~ n agiven s on pp. 200-6 in the second volunle of the Cntnlo!jtre of Paper and Polnr-lenf JlSS in the Dztrbar Libmrp, Sepal. \\.ill show that in arrangement the MS Nb follows none of the other BISS of thc aruqinrri thougl~the actual S~clllanasare found in others. It appears therefore that the same collection of Sadhanee is designated in some 3fYS as armaw and in ail others RS m m . The sense of the two words being the sanle, alld the mnjoritv of the MSS being entitled wr-~nrrrprr Me have chosen this title. There are Tibetan translatio~lsof this work, and there also both thc titles are found. the only difference being in the arrangement .of the SBdhanas. Sow that the title of the MS hae been discussed, we will proceed to diicuss its beginning and the end. The MS -4begins with the Trisamayaraja Sadhana (No. I ) , B is i~lcon~plete in the beginning, C begins with the Vajribsana Sadhana. (No. a), N begins with the Trisamayaraja Sadhana (No. l),Ba is incomplete in the beginning, wll~leSa also begin.cr with the Trisamayaraja Sadhena tXo. I ) : so, we can talie it for granted that the Sibdhanamala co~l~~nences with the Skdhana for Trisamayareje which begins with :--qrrfmmi etc. But we muat leave the palm-leaf MS Ab and the paper M S Nb alone, as the first begins with the Vajravariibi SBdhanct, und as both have arrangements entirely of their own not

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xvi

PREFACE.

followed by any other MS of the muwmm or m a g r c r so far diecovered. To seoertein the end of this heterogenoas'wllect?on of the Mdhanas is also no easy task. The MS A ends with the Skdhana of b&da$abhu ja-~ah&k&l&idhann, tbough eren after the end it hrts long extracts from the Malriikula Tantra which is again followed by duplicates 'of some Sidhaslas and the final colophon. N ends with the same S&dhane,ao also C and Na. B ie incomplete at ,the end, and eo ie Ba. The MSS Nb and Ab mliat be left out of acoount as t,heee have their'special arrangement of the Siidhanas, and in this respect both the b1SS are independent. But rrs the majority of the MSS cnd with the QodaBabhuja-Mah&k&las&dhana, that is taken to be the end of the book. The Sadbanas, besides prescribing a regular procedure for the wor~hippingof deities. give descriptiorl of numerous Mudas, the nameu of me~nyof which are altogether new, and were believed to have bee11 forgotten. There are, moreover, a large number of 5lantros and Dharaqie, many of which are eren now recited in Tibetan and Newari worehip. On pp. 247,249,250,251, appear eeveral intereating Mantrag for the prevention of snake bite, and for the extraotion of poisoil from the body of the patient. In the W h a n a s of Jiliguli. i t is written that hez Mantra hae extraordinary powers inasmuch as whoever heam it., but once, will not be bitten by a snake for aeven yeere, and whoever keeps the Mantra in memory, is never bitten by a snake througl~outlife. Moreover, there appeam a series of different kinds of applioation of some Mentras which, along with certuiil mediainee and ingrediente, are said to confer great benefitson the worshippers. The Bdhanas of Vajratirii (Nw.93, 94, and 110) and of MafijuBri (No. 84) are i-aes r point.

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xvii

The Mantras and Dhiiranis were employed generally for t,he good of mankind such aa curing of diseases, saving of people from fierce and dangerous animals, prevention of disewes. and snake-bit-es,etc. These were equally e~i~ployed for evil pnrposeg, snch as V k i k a r a ~ a , bewitching ', Mgrann. destruct.iotl of enemies' and Ic&tatla, ' dest.ruction of dwellitlp hoases,' nnd so forth. More.abont these a,fterwnrds.

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Cordial and grateful tlianks are due t,o our revered l)e\van Snlieb, HIS ES('ELI,ENC3Y SIR MANlTBHAI N. XEHTA. Kt., ('.S.l., ,li..4.. I,L.H., for his keen and sylnpathetic i~iterestin this ~ o r l ifor , Iris munificent grant for its printing arid for his sr~stniriedenconragoment. Hearty ,zcknowledgments arc also aladt* to our itssistant. the elrcelleilt Jairl Patldit. Mr. Lalchand I3hagwat1dasGandhi, who has retrd(.~.edinval~tnblc~ervioe I)? carefully revisitrg tlw proofs, and hy hi^ numerous x~tgqest~ionn a ~ l dcnit~i~dationx for improving the t9oxt. He is ii deep and well-read sclrolar. of the old sc.lroo1, and his extensivch knowledge of .4pntlirnmha and grrcmmar Iias prorcbd to be of grc-at Iielpfulrtcsn.