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121
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CHEAPSIDE, and MILK STREET,
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THE
CHESS OPENINGS 2
>
ca cc
BY
*S u, K 3 c < O H /V ^
I.
GUNSBERG
r
LONDON
GEORGE BELL
& SONS
AND NEW YORK 1901
ft.
*
-
*s_i
^*\
,_^
i-J
LONDON
:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
PRE FACE MY
aim
arranging this
in
volume has been
little
the chess student the best idea
to give
could of every opening of
I
have also endeavoured to present to him the methods and tactics of the soundest players, and to place
the game.
him
I
in a position for appreciating the raison d'etre of the
In a work of such small compass as
various debuts. it is
But
almost impossible to do more.
content with
Every
and
in the
the
some of the
notes,
I
my own
handbook abreast
most
variation that appears here
has been carefully examined, and the text
this,
have not rested
the tables which are to be found in
modern chess books.
To make
I
have substituted, both
in
views and lines of play.
of the times I have included
best variations, which have occurred in actual
play between chess masters in their most recent encounters. These have never before been included in any chess hand-
book.
I
have not
thought
it
necessary to write a general
introduction to the subject, but the reader will find that
I
have dealt synthetically and analytically with each opening separately.
The
of the columns
him I
the
student will also find that the arrangement is
of a kind
in learning or in
works
will
be most helpful to
comparing them.
must not omit here of
which
Steinitz,
to
acknowledge Bardeleben,
my
indebtedness to
Gottschall,
Gossip,
PREFACE
x
Freeborough and Ranken.
Their books have served
me as
a basis in the elaboration of the present handbook.
In conclusion,
volume the
I trust
satisfaction
my
readers will find in this
which
my
little
experience has taught
me
even when they have pored over far more elaborate treatises than the one which I here respect-
is
not always
fully offer
theirs,
them.
CONTENTS PAGE
THE FRENCH DEFENCE THE SICILIAN DEFENCE THE CENTRE COUNTER GAMBIT
5
PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE
9
PETROFF'S DEFENCE
THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE THE
.
QUEEN'S BISHOP'S SCOTCH GAMBIT
.
.
i
7
.
PAWN OPENING
.
.
.
(PONZIANI)
.
.
.12 15
.
17
RUY LOPEZ
Two
KNIGHTS' DEFENCE. Giuoco PIANO EVANS GAMBIT DECLINED EVANS GAMBIT KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING CENTRE GAMBIT DANISH GAMBIT KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT. CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT KING'S KNIGHT'S GAMBIT
......
22 27
33
.........
36 38
42 44 46
......
48 51
-55 58
SALVIO GAMBIT
61
Muzio GAMBIT
63
........ ........
ALGAIER-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT
66
ALGAIER GAMBIT ALGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT VIENNA GAME STEINITZ GAMBIT HAMPE-ALGAIER GAMBIT.
70
.
72
76 79
82
CONTENTS
xii
THE
..... .........
KING'S BISHOP'S
FROM'S GAMBIT
PAWN OPENING
THE ENGLISH OPENING ZUKERTORT OPENING
.
.
... .
84
86
.88
...
THE QUEEN'S PAWN OI-ENING. THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT
PAGE
.
.
.
.
1
94
-97
... .
9
100
THE CHESS OPENINGS I.
GUNSBERG
Cfte Club Series OF CARD AND TABLE GAMES. Small 8vo, cloth^ is. each. By Dr. William Pole, F.R.S., author of " The Philosophy of Whist," etc. SOLO WHIST. By Robert F. Green, author of " Chess."
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Green, editor of the "British Chess Magazine." With Illustrations. CHESS OPENINGS. With Introductions and Notes. By T. Gunsberg.
THE
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THE CHESS OPENINGS
SYNOPSIS OF P-K4, P-K3
P-QB4
!
r-Q4 P-K4; 2 B-B4 2 P-Q 4
.. ,,
2
,,
2
,,
2
ii
QKI-B3;
2 2
2
.
2
M
2
KKt-B3 OKt-B 3
,, ,,
PxP,
,,
P-B 3
3
3 3
2
3
,,
>
2
3
,,
>
2
3
J?
3
M
2 2
,,
,,
M
3
.
P-Q4 ;
.
4 P-QKt4, B-Kt3 BxKtP >, 4
,,
P-KKt4
.... ;
4 B-B4, B-Kt2 4
P-Kts
,,4 M P-KR4, P-Kt5 ,,4 ,,
,,
4
4
.........
P-K4
P-Q 4
4 P-B 3
B-B 4 KKt-B3, B-K2 ,,
P-KB4 P-QB 4 KKt-B 3
;
3
"
P-KKt4
B-134, etc
2
"
.
4Kt-P>3,
,,
P-KB4,
2
'
4P-Q4
,,3 B-B4, Kt-B3 ,,3 E-B4; ,,3 ,,3
2
,,
PxP;
3
KKt-B3, P-Q3
2
>.
3 P-B4,
M
2
M
P-QB3
3
QKt-B3
2
2
.
PxP;
,,
2
P-QB 4 P-K 3
2
PxP
,
xiv
THE OPENINGS (French Defence) (Sicilian
Defence)
.
.
1-4
.
.
5- 6
(Centre Counter)
6 Kt-Kt5
r-KI<4
.
.
(Centre Gambit)
.
.
(Danish Gambit)
.
.
(Vienna Game)
.
.
(Steinitz 5
.
Game)
(Bishop's
Gambit)
.
(Hampe-Algaier)
.
.
.
.
12-14
(Ponziani)
.
15-16
.
.
.
.
(Ruy Lopez)
.
.
22-26
(Two Knights' Defence)
27-32
.
.
.
.
38-41
(Gambit Declined)
.
48-50
(Algaier Gambit)"
5
>,
K x Kt
;
7
33-35
36-37
Kt-Kts 6 Kt x P,
17-21
(Evans Gambit Declined) (Evans Gambit)
5
;
9-11
(Scotch Gambit)
Kt-Ks ['-KRj
82-83
(Petroff's Defence)
5
5 Castles
76-78 79-81
.
(Bishop's Gambit) (Cunningham Gambit) (Ordinary King's Gambit) (Salvio Gambit) (Muzio Gambit) (Kieseritzky Gambit)
Kt-Ks
44-45 46-47
(Philidor's Defence)
(Giuoco Piano)
5
7-8 42-43
.
P-Q4 (Algaier-Thorold) (Bird's
Opening)
(From Gambit)
.
51-54
.
55~57 58-60 61-62
.
,
.
.
63-65
.
66-69
.
.
70-71
.
.
72-75
.
.
.
.
84-85 86-87
(English Opening)
.
88-90
(Zukertort Opening)
.
91-93
(Queen's Opening)
.
94-96
(Queen's Gambit Declined) 97-99 (Queen's Gambit)
.
u
THE FRENCH DEFENCE i
P-K 4 P-K 3 ,
2
;
P-Q 4} P-Q 4
IT seems almost superfluous to explain that the French Defence is resorted to by players who do not care to face
may result from Black's reply of P-K 4 Superiority of one player over another is largely made up of superior experience, and there is, of course, no stage of the game in which superior knowledge does produce the attack which
.
such effective and successful results as in the opening part of the game. The reply of P-K3, followed as it is by all the attacks and they constitute the large which are based on the attack on the weakest
P-Q 4 avoids ,
majority spot in the ordinary array of the forces namely, the KBP. For a long time the players of the close Defence rejoiced.
They
baffled their
opponents by preventing
all
attacks on
the usual lines, and often won games on account of the impatience with which White met the Fabian tactics of his adversary, and which found vent in injudicious assaults on the position of the second player, resulting in damage to the aggressor rather than to the defender. Certain players
found
it
almost impossible to find the proper line of play We may mention as a notable ex-
against the French.
ample Tschigorin, who
lost three games against the Author, the latter conducting the French Defence. To these facts the Queen's-side openings owe some of their popularity.
A
great many players begin with i P-Q 4 and other similar moves, mainly to avoid having to play against the French. In recent times, however, ways and means have been 1
B
THE FRENCH DEFENCE found to direct with safety aggressive play against the French Defence, which has deprived this debut of a great deal of the merit which it formerly had of protecting the second player against attack. In the new mode of play the principal attack is directed against the King's Rook's Pawn, but at the same time a
on in the centre or on the on the King's side leads to extremely interesting combinations ; in fact, some of the attacks resulting from this treatment of the French Defence are more beautiful and intricate than may be found even in such an attacking opening as the Evans Gambit. This may also serve as an answer to the arguments of many struggle for position also goes
Queen's wing.
players
The
who lament
play
the fact that the greater soundness of
modern play has deprived the game of much of tive
character.
now than
The
contrary
is
the case.
its
imagina-
Play
is
finer
ever was before, but far more difficult. In Variation I. we give a good specimen of the kind of it
dangerous attack which White may amass, but which Black En passant we may mention that the should try to avoid.
form of play 9...P-KR4 may also result from many other The sacrifice of the Knight on move 10 in particular is a common form of attack which should be studied
openings.
by the learner. In Variation
II.
there
is
avoid the tactics in Variation
do more
safely
a partial endeavour I.,
made
which, however, Black
to
may
by not Castling, and proceed to develop on
the Q's side. In Variation III. White proceeds with 4 P-K5, and Black obtains an excellent Defence.
Variation IV., though it is unassuming and simple compared to Variation I., is nevertheless safe and reliable, and
may even which
is
lend
itself to
given in the
text.
fine complications/
an example of
THE FRENCH DEFENCE i
,
II.
I.
QKt-B 3
P-K 4 P-K 3
(i)
;
THE FRENCH DEFENCE 2 Stronger, we believe, than P-K5, which exposes White to some danger, owing to his advance in the centre having preceded the development of his pieces. 3 Here 5 P-K5 is possible, which move is subject to the same remark as Note 2. 4 In a game Showalter v. Lasker, the play continued as follows :
9 Q-B4, P-QB4 ; 10 PxP, Q-Kt4, P-KKt3; 8 P-KR4, P:KR4 BxBP; II Kt-B3, P-Rs ; 12 O-OO, Q-B-2 13 P-KKt4 and White has the better game, because if the Black B xthe BP, White obtains a strong attack on the K-B file. 5 Here Black would do better to defer for O-O, and play 7-..P-QB4 instead, and proceed with his development as in a Q-side opening, for it is obvious that Black is weak on the K-side, and strong on the Q-side, and/*?;- contra White's Q-side is weak, and will suffer in the end game by the absence of his Q's B. 6 The reason for this move is to support the Kt on KKt5, even against P-B3 or P-R3, because if the Kt is taken, White, in most instances, will obtain an equivalent for the piece sacrificed through having his Rook's file open, enabling him to bring his Q on that file, and threaten the KRP. The idea is applicable to many other openings, and should be guarded against. 9...P-KB4 is better, the game might be continued; 10 PxP en pas., or else he might play 10 P-KKt4. 7
;
;
;
~<
8
If io...P-Kt3
9
While we have no doubt
;
ii
KtxP, KxKt, Q-R5ch that 3-..B-Kt5
is
.
not good,
we
are not
If White plays quite so sure that Black cannot play 4-..B-Kt5 now. x P, Black gains time by the 5 P x P, attacking the B ; or, if
Q
Q
White plays 5 P-K5, P-KR3, etc., will be a sufficient reply. 10 6 P x Kt, P x P If 5 P-K5, P-KRs >x_P, R-Kt I without any disadvantage for Black or if 5 P-K5, P-TTKJ; 6 B-R4, P-KKt4; ;
;
;
;
7
I'xKt 11
12
,
There
PxB-.
danger in 5-..P-QB4, on account of 6 P-K5. 6...QKI-B3 is sometimes played.
13
We
14
There
is
prefer 5-..B-K2. is not much virtue in this
move, as White's intention
allow the exchange of his K's Kt, and thereby obtain an open his R. 15
BxRP! PxKt;
is
to
file for
18 17 R-K-Kti(!), Q-B3 This beautiful play occurred in one of 6 games, played simultaneously and blindfolded by Mr. Blackburne, who conducted the White pieces.
Continuation
BKt7ch;
QxB;
16
19
RxQ
and wins.
;
THE
SICILIAN i
WE
can only repeat close openings, that development, he Black's timid
P-K4,
DEFENCE
P-QB4
what we have said regarding previous if White contents himself with a steady
will
thereby derive the best advantage of
and retarded defence.
There
is
no doubt
that the line of play given in Variations I. and II., in connection with Black's move, P-Q3, is the only one that has
The play here is typical, and we its own fairly well. leave off at a point where Black threatens to concentrate a number of pieces, Q, R, and his against White's held
KB
Queen's side. This is a contingency against which White must be on his guard, and which must be attended to before
he proceeds to a King's side attack, beginning with
P-KB4.
Variations III. and
IV.
are
instances
of old-
fashioned attacks which do not produce any specific results, and are inferior to the line illustrated in Variations I. and
when White plays steadily for position, devoting main intention towards preventing P-Q4. II.,
his
THE SICILIAN DEFENCE i
P-K4, P-QB4 I.
'
.
P-KKt3 P-Q4 (0
;
2 II.
Kt-QB3, Kt-QB3 III.
;
3 Kt-B3.
IV.
THE CENTRE COUNTER GAMBIT i
P-K4, P-Q4
;
2
P
x P,
Kt-KB3
THIS has been
tried on many occasions, and as far as actual the number of failures largely exceed the practice goes number of successes at this Defence.
In late practice Black has resorted to the expedient of 2 KKt-B3. If White attempts to defend the P by
playing
P-QB4 at once,
it
will readily
be seen that Black obtains an attack
and should be able
to recover his
Pawn
later on.
White's best reply is 3 P-Q4 as in Variations I. and II., where, after a few moves, a similar position is arrived at as
occurs in the case where Black plays on the 2nd
move
QxP. Variations III. and IV. show the play following White's 3rd move, B-Kt5ch. Generally speaking we can only endorse our remarks relating to other close openings, and the best procedure for
White
is steady play, directed mainly Black from mending any little weakpreventing nesses in his development, and in course of time these
towards
will become more pronounced and own punishment.
weaknesses their
bring about
I
T
X.
,
P-Q4
PHILIDOR'S i
P-K4, P-K4;
2
DEFENCE KKt-B3, P-Qs
WE
have never taken kindly to this opening, but personal does not of necessity condemn the opening, but still we may say that if we wished to adopt a close defence, we dislike
should prefer a French or certain variations in the Sicilian Defence. In Variations
L,
II.
we show
that
Black to enter on a counter attack by a stage.
it
is
P-KB4
not safe for at too early
These Variations are worthy of study, as there is some resemblance between them and the Defence of P-KB4 in the
Ruy Lopez. In Variations
III.,
IV.
is
given P-Q4, the most usual
continuation.
From the remaining Variations it will be seen that in 3 B-B4 White has a reliable move at his disposal. Of course in this, as in other close Defences, it is useful to know certain acknowledged, lines of play, but, generally speaking,
the player (White) who contents himself with developing all his forces and awaits for his superior development and gradual advance to tell on his opponent's position is the
person who will benefit to a greater extent by the cramped nature of Black's game than a player who attempts by
immediate, and in most cases premature, attacks to harass his
opponent.
PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE
IO
I.
P-Q 4
PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE I
V.
B-B 4
II
PETROFF'S DEFENCE i
As
will
main
The
P-K4, P-K4
;
2
KKt-Bs,
be seen from Variations
play, White's third
I., II.,
move P-Q4
best that can be said for Black
which contain the
III., is
is
superior to that
as
in
Kt
x P.
Varia-
tion I. he obtains a position analogous to the French, but with one or two moves behind. The only difference is, that Black limits to a very
narrow scope White's choice of
By playing the Petroff he avoids the more dangerous variations in the French, but the sacrifice of time is attack.
serious.
Variations II. and III. are not good for the Defence. In Variations IV. and V. White resorts to 3 Kt x P instead of P-Q4, position.
move
and here Black
is enabled to obtain equality in Variations VI., VII. and VIII., containing the B-B4, leads to ingenious attacks, but as shown ,
3 in Variation VIII. Black has an effective this line of play. 12
way of meeting
PETROFFS DEFENCE i
I.
-
P-Q4
P-K4, P-K4
;
2
KKt-B3, KKt-B 3
13 .
PETJROFF'S
14 I
V.
KtxP
DEFENCE
THE QUEEN'S
PAWN
BISHOP'S
OPENING i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
Kt-KB 3> Kt-QB 3
;
3
P-B 3
The
attack in this opening, though dangerous to an inBlack has experienced player, is not of a lasting nature. If Black defends two good Defences, 3 P-Q 4 or 3 K Kt-B 3 P-Q 4 White may play 4 Q-R 4 as in Variation I., to which Black's reply P-KB 3 advocated by Steinitz is the best, or he may play 4 B-Kt5, as shown in Variation II., when Black must adopt a different mode of defence by 4 P x P. .
with 3
,
Variation III. and IV.
move, 3 Kt-B 3
.
show the play
resulting
from Black's
16
THE QUEEN'S BISHOP'S PAWN OPENING i
I.
i
P-K4, P-K4
;
2 II.
Kt-KB3, Kt-QB3 III.
;
THE SCOTCH GAMBIT i
P-K.J,
P-K4
2
;
KKt-B 3 QKt-B3 ,
3
;
P-Q 4 P x P ,
THE attacks in this
opening are rather interesting, but can all be met by the Defence in a satisfactory manner, the result being that White loses that command over his game which it player to have, and for this reason seldom adopted by the best players, who prefer lines of play in which the opening moves are of an uncompromising character, and merely form the first stage of a subtle struggle for position. We have given three forms of this opening the first arising from 4 Kt x P, B-B4 com-
necessary for the the Scotch Gambit
is
first is
;
prises eight variations.
Nos. I., II. show how 7 Q-Q2, formerly considered midable, can be met in an interesting way. No. III. completely answers the move 7 B-Kz.
Nos. IV., V. applies to
7
6-64, a
move which
for-
requires
care.
to
No. VI. shows how Black can equalize the game White 7 B-QKt5. Nos. VII. and VIII. contain the Defences of
which lead
The into
to a line of play not of so-called German Defence,
prominent notice
in
this
result
from
this
Some
defence,
Steinitz,
an inviting character. which was first brought
country
through
match between Zukertort and Blackburne, playing 4 .... Kt-B3.
in reply
very
the
interesting positions in a peculiar
which represents 17
first
consists of Black
c
1
THE SCOTCH GAMBIT
8
manner the special faculty possessed by the late Dr. Zukertort to cope successfully with complicated developments in the Openings. Variations IX. to XII. give four specimens of this debut. In Variations XIII. to XVI. we examine the old form of attack 4 if
This
B-QB4.
Black cares to take
may
all
also lead to the
Danish Gambit
the proffered Pawns, but he need
not do that, and he should have no difficulty in at least the game as shown in Variation XVI., or
equalizing
obtaining a superior position as in Variation i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4 Kt x P, I.
,
Q-Q^
B B4
;
(i)
2 ;
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 5 B-K 3 (2), Q-B 3 ,
;
;
6
XIV.
3 P-Q4,
PxP;
P-QB 3 KKt K 2 ,
.
THE SCOTCH GAMBIT
4
i P-K 4j P-K 4 Kt x P.
V. 1
,
B-B 4
B-K 3
;
2
KKt-B3, QKt-B3;
VI.
VII.
IQ 3
P-Q 4
,
PxP;
VIII.
THE SCOTCH GAMBIT
2O
i
P-K 4) P-K 4
IX. r
Kt-B 3
QKtB 3
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 4 KtxP. ,
X.
XI.
;
3 P-Q4,
PxP; XII.
THE SCOTCH GAMBIT P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 4 B-QB 4 ,
;
21
3
P-Q 4>
PxP;
.
XIII.
r
B-Kt5ch -
P-B3
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
THE RUY LOPEZ P-K 4j P-K 4 THIS debut
is
2
;
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 ,
;
3
B-Kt5
practised to a greater extent than any other
The Defences we have examined
opening.
are,
firstly,
and IV.; secondly, in as Variations V., VI., VII., and VIII. ; thirdly, 3...Kt-B3 3...P-Q3 as in Variations IX. and X., and fourthly, 3...P-B4 as in Variations XL and XII. Our readers will pardon the The late player digression if we here tell them a little story. 3...P-QR3
as in Variations
I., II.,
Kolisch was once introduced to a
III.
spiritualistic
seance
;
the
following was the question put by him a
medium move
9th the
spirit
tions, I
of a slate in the
:
What
Evans Gambit
did not reply.
hope we
is
to the spirit through the best Defence to Morphy's
shall
(9 Kt-B3).
Needless to say
cannot decide such quesnot be expected to decide a similar If a spirit
question in this opening, viz., what not only are we not spiritual, but
is
the best Defence.
we have
For
also too great
experience and, contrary to some fellow-authors, we know that we do not know. We have seen Morphy and Ander-
3-..P-QR3 Defence, and we have seen move for the 3...Kt-KB3 Defence; then again we have seen Steinitz decry both and recommend the 3-..P-Q3 Defence, which recommendation was based on a very elaborate and from his point of view an " Chess Instructor." able analysis in Part I. of his modem So great was his influence that the 3-..P-Q3 Defence soon became general, but, lo and behold, Steinitz adopted this defence against Lasker and the result was a grievous and So much so that in the last Ruy Lopez egregious failure. game played in the match Steinitz forsook his cherished sen favour the
Zukertort abandon that
22
THE RUY LOPEZ Defence
in favour of
2%
3-..P-QR3, and proved himself
bril-
We
may, therefore, say, with due liantly successful with it. diffidence, that we think 3-..P-QR3 a fairly reliable Defence,
when White contents
requiring, however, the greatest care,
himself with P-Q3, which is less showy but more tenacious The Defence of 3-..Kt-KB3 would also seem than P-Q-j.. the play in Variation VI. arising fairly good, were it not out of White's move 6 Q-K2, which we do not consider satisfactory
for
under a cloud in the
"
Black.
The 3--.P-Q3
Defence, although
for the time being, should, like the best play
Philidor," enable a careful second player to draw The same may also perhaps be said of the
the game.
Defence 3-..P-KB4, which has been so enthusiastically advocated by Mr. Reeves.
P-K 4 P-K 4
i
,
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 3 B-Kt 5 P-QR 3 4 B-R 4 (2) Kt B 3 ,
;
,
.
I.
-
P-Q4
IV.
Kt-B 3
(i)
THE RUY LOPEZ
24
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
V. A
o-o
;
2
KKt-F 3 QKt-B 3 ,
;
3
B-Kt 5j Kt-B 3
.
THE RUY LOPEZ i
P-K4, P-K 4
'
P-Q3 Kt-B 3
2
X.
IX.
.
;
(23)
KKt-B 3 QKt-B3 ,
XL
25
;
3
XII.
THE RUY LOPEZ
26 16
And
think
it is
But we do not move and initiate an opportune moment by
the books declare the position to be even. all smooth sailing, as White may vary his
a dangerous attack on the King's side at KKt-B5 in conjunction with B-R6, etc., which has to be guarded In most cases P-KB3 for Black will help to break the against.
or, of course, P-Q4, if a favourable opportunity presents itself. Black would not do well by playing Kt-B4 and Kt-Kj too soon, as he must be prepared to play his Queen's Pawn at any time to guard against an attack by Q-Kt4 and Kt-B5. *' 6 Q K2, and we have the position If 4...KKtx P; 5 O-O, B-K2
attack
;
;
The same would
dealt with as in the previous Variation. if
18
the 19
Variation 20
the
I.
B
PxP
Or 9
happen
;
Again moves
Variation
also
5 O-O, KKtxP, 6 Q-K2, etc. the position is the same as in our Variation I., although have been transposed, the only difference being that in
4...B-K2
is
on R4-
BxKt;
en pas.,
10
BxKt, KtxQP,
as in
etc.,
I.
Continued 13 Kt-B3, Q-B4 14 B-Kt5, P-Q5 15 B x Kt, Q x B 17 Q-B2, B-Kt5; 18 Q-Kt3, B-R4-. Steinitz prefers the 6th and 7th moves transposed for White. 12 Kt-Kt5, Continued as in game 2, match Steinitz v. Lasker. ;
;
;
i6QxP, R-Ki; 21
22
PxP;
QR-Qi 14 P-Kt4, 15 BPxP, P-KR3; 18 Kt-Rs, Kt-QB4; 19 Kt-B2, 17 B-B2, Kt-Q_2 20 P-Kt5, P-KR4 21 Kt-B5, and White won.
13 P-B3,
F-Q_4;
;
I6Q-B3, B-Ki;
P-QKt4 23
If
24 If
P-B3
;
;
;
;
4P-Q3, P-B4 White obtains a 4-..B-Q2;
5
8 B-K-3, Kt-Bi
Kt-B3,
better
KKt-K2
;
as in the cable
6
game by
5
6-64.
PxP, PxP;
7 B-Kt5, game, Liverpool Chess Club
v. Steinitz. 23
Kt,
This
not good.
is
QP x B
;
Kt x
P.
The
correct continuation
is
4-..Px
KP
;
5Bx
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 ,
;
3,
B-B 4 Kt-B 3 ,
BLACK by giving up a Pawn deprives White of the advantage of the ist move, and obtains a sound, substantial Counter attack. White may at the outset simplify the
game and avoid
the Counter attack by treating
it
in
Giuoco
Pianissimo fashion by playing 4 P-Q3, which certainly is safest. Furthermore, as shown in Variations I., II., III., the
may be treated somewhat after the manner of Giuoco Piano, with much the same results. If, however, White follows up the attack by 4 Kt-Kt5, we cannot say with any degree of confidence that he ought to do well either in the Variation when Black gives up a Pawn, or even in the play formerly considered irresistible where White on opening
move plays Kt x KB P. In Variation IV. we have what seems to us rather a favourable line of play, viz.
the 6th
:
4
Kt-Kts,
we
think,
obtains
12
is
;
5
P
x P,
satisfactory.
VIII.
is
very
Kt
x
P
6
Q-B3, which, In Variation VI., VII. Black
good games by the
Variation
IX.
P-Q 4
excellent
interesting,
Q-Qi, is rather difficult we carry out 13 Kt-B 3
;
to in
move as
10
Black's
B-Q3. move,
meet, though in Variation a satisfactory manner, yet
the position is so full of possibilities, we only advance this move in a tentative way. Variation X. exemplifies the sacrifice of the Knight by White following 4 Kt-Kt5, 27
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE
28
P
Kt x P
6 Kt x BP. As will be seen, 9 Pgood Defence, whereas the line of play adopted by Black in Variations XI. and XII. makes the sacrifice of the piece more profitable to White. x P,
P-Q4
;
QKt4
gives Black a
5
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
I.
;
2
;
KKt-B3, QKt-B 3
;
3
B-B 4 Kt-B 3 ,
.
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE p-K 4 p-K 4 ,
ii
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE
3O i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 4 Kt-Kts, P-Q 4 ,
;
3
B-B 4 Kt-B 3 ,
.
IX. f
PxP
X.
XI.
XII.
;
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE
3!
5
B-R4 is bad. B-Q3 has been attempted principally by Gunsberg v. Tschigorin, and Gunsberg v. Lasker, with a result which was not encouraging. 6
To Kt-Rj, advocated by
Steinitz,
our previous
remarks apply
equally. 7
Another
Black's
line of play
advantage,
is
II
11
i.e.
Kt-B4, which, however, would result to 12 B x Kt, Kt-Kt5 Kt-B4, Kt x Kt ;
;
I3Q-K2, O-O; 14 P-KRj, Q-R5. 8 This line of play for Black is recommended by Mr. Steinitz in his modern "Chess Instructor" the alleged unsatisfactory outcome of the play in this Variation for White is advanced by him as the reason of Mr. attempting the novel move of Kt-R3 on the 9th move. and now Steinitz continues: 13 B x P, Kt-Q4 14 Q-Q2, Q-Kt3 but White is in no way he gives 15 P-QKt3, P-K6, and Black wins :
;
;
:
he would wish us to believe. Some excelmight be obtained from the following continuation 15 P-B4,
in such a hopeless plight as
lent play
KtxB R;
19
:
QxKKt, QxKtP; 17 QxKP, B-K3 18 O-O, Qx KtxKBP, K-Q2 20 KtxB, KxKt; 21 Q-K5ch, K-Q2 (!)
;
16
;
;
;
22 B-Kt4, and wins. Black has, of course, a large selection of moves, notably 17 Castles, but probably White should win sufficient for the Rook in any case to make it a. paying sacrifice. 9 ii Kt-Kt4 leads to complications, in which, however, White with
BxKt
Pawn. II Kt-Kt4, 12, B x B, P-K6; ; 14 K-Bsq, O-O-O ; 15 P-Bj, Q-Q6ch; 16 B-K2, Q-B4 ; 17 P-Q4, and White should be able to defend himself. 10 This is a good attack. If White plays 15 P-Kt3, Black continues
some
efforts retains the
13 B-B3,
Q x RP to a
PxBPch;
with good
draw,
i.e.
White's other move 15 K-Q2,
effect.
BxP;
PxB, P-K6ch
16
B x P,
KB2, B-B4ch
17 perpetual check. ;
leads
18
;
B-Qj, Kt-Kt5ch, and draws by 11 If White plays loKtxP Black continues P-B3 11 Kt-B3, B-R3; 12 B-Kt3, Q-Kt3 White may also play 10 13 PQR3, Kt-Q6ch. B x P, and Steinitz continues as follows: B-R3 B-R4, Kt-KB3 12 B-Kt3ch, K-Q3 ; 13 Q-K3, P-QB 4 ; 14 P-Q3, Kt-B3 with a good game. 12 If White plays II KtxP, Black continues B-R3 with advan;
:
;
;
n
;
tage. 13 14
If Kt x P, Q-Q2 answers well. Black here should maintain his superiority,
plays
HQxPch, K-Q2
;
PxP
if, for instance, White 16 Q-Q4ch, K-B2 with dis. ch. Kt(B6)-Q4; 15 P-B3, Q-Kt3 ; 16
15
PxKt, BxP;
advantage, or if 14 P x Kt, Q-Q5 with advantage.
THE TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENCE
32
15 Black's defence, P-QKt4, is the best, for, as may be seen, in any other line of play White should obtain a good game. 16 White has now a good game, and if Black replies Q-Q2 ; 15 O-O,
16 B-Kt5ch, K-Ksq 18 BxKt, PxB; 17 P-K6, Q-Q3 Q-B5 with a winning attack. 17 The continuation might be as follows Q-B2 15 O-O, R-Bi 18 B-Q3, BxB; 19 B x Rch 16 KR-Ki, R-B4; 17 Q-R5, K-Q2
K-K2;
;
;
19
:
;
;
;
If in this Variation on with advantage, as Black must play K-Qi. the 1 7th move Black should endeavour to escape by playing K-Bj, White would continue 18 Q X RPch, K-B2 (!) ; 19 B x Ktch PxB (!) ;
20
ExB,
RxB
;
23 K-Bi, and wins.
21
Q-R7ch,
K-K3
(!)
;
22
Kt-Kt5,
Q-Kti
;
THE GIUOCO P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
THIS
2
;
PIANO.
Kt-KB 3 Kt-QB 3 ,
;
3
B-B 4j B-B 4
.
an ideal opening for a player understanding the the line of play most of development frequently adopted is given in Variations I., II. and III., of which it may fairly be said they belong to the class of close openings, in which after several moves each player is
active principle
;
stands on his merit, and, moreover, there are no traps which a player may fall into. It happens sometimes that if Black delays his K's side development, White by -castling
Q's side and advancing in the centre may gain an advantage. If Black castles first, White without castling may initiate
an attack on K's
side.
In Variation IV. we
illustrate the
In Variations V. and VI., opening. "The Max Lange," another interesting form of attack is given in both cases the Defence prevails. In Variation VII. we give an ingenious line of play which should be committed
normal play
in
this
;
to
memory.
Variation VIII.
frequently played.
33
is
another form of attack
THE GIUOCO PIANO
34
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
I.
,
p -Q3
(i)
;
2
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 ,
;
3 B-B4,
B-B 4
.
THE GIUOCO PIANO P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
V.
0-0
;
2
Kt-KB 3> Kt-QB 3
;
35
3
B-B 4 B-B 4 ,
.
THE EVANS GAMBIT DECLINED. i
P-K4, P-K4
;
2
4
KKt-B3, QKt-B3 P-QKt 4 B-Kt 3
;
3 B-B4,
B-B4
;
.
,
IT is owing to the fact that by the declining of the Evans by 4 B-Kt3 Black obtains a fair game that we do not meet with many specimens of the Evans in public tournaments and matches. The usual way for White to continue is shown in Variations I. and II., where the game assumes an aspect
somewhat similar to that presented by the last Variation in the Giuoco Piano. Black is to be preferred, as he has a free development, and the position of White's Pawns on the If, howQ's side is rather unfavourable for the end game. ever, White attempts to push his attack by playing 5 P-Kt5, we have shown in Variations III. and IV. that Black should be able to defend himself against the attack, which is violent lasting, though some modern authorities still think
but not
that Black's
game
is
very difficult to defend.
36
THE EVANS GAMBIT DECLINED P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
4
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 P-QKt 4 B-Kt 3 (i). II.
I.
5
P-QR 4 P-QR 3
6
P-R 5 B-R 2 P-Kts
'
o
PxP B
KtP
x
0-0 9 ?TT
KKtxP
10
Q-K2 Kt-B 4
I.
12
Ktxp Kt-Qs ?4 -
Q
-
'
,
,
O-O
;
3
37
B-B 4 B-B 4 ,
;
THE EVANS GAMBIT. P-K 4) P-K 4
2
;
4
IT
will
KKt-B 3 QKt-B 3 P-QKt4, B x KtP.
;
,
3
B-B 4 B-B 4 ,
;
not be out of place here to throw a strong side-light If all that has been written concernstrategy.
on modern ing
the various branches
together,
it
Vet what does
it
to turn the
Piano, which
shown
in
Gambit were gathered
library of respectable dimensions. all amount to in the present day, when
your modern strategist
White
of this
would form a
is
game
plays 4 ...B-Kt3, which compels into a slow form of the Giuoco
rather in favour of the second player, as The Evans Gambit Declined ? All
our chapter on
the beautiful
variations
of this
intricate
and
interesting
Gambit, together with all the newest improvements shown by enthusiastic amateur analysts, must then be consigned the regions of vain regrets for missing opportunities. Many a player adopts the Ruy Lopez, simply in fear of
to
entering on a
Gambit which
is
be declined.
sure to
We
have endeavoured to give the most interesting variations in this debut: we begin 5...B-R 4 6 O-O, and Black replies in Variations I., II., and III., 6...Kt-B3. In Variation IV. ,
we discuss
the
new defence of 6...P-Q3, but
in Variations
V.
and VI. Black takes the BP, thus producing what is known as the compromised Defence. The remaining 4 Variations from 5-..B-B 4 in Variation VII., White adopts the famous move 9Kt-QB3, the favourite continuation of Tchigorin Variations VIII. and IX. treat of the familiar attack, 9 B-Kt2 and X. is devoted to 9 P-QR 4 illustrate the play arising
:
;
.
;
38
THE EVANS GAMBIT i
P-K4, P-K 4
;
2
4 P-QKt4, I.
6
a0
Kt-KB3,
B
x KtP.
II.
;
39
THE EVANS GAMBIT
4O
Kt-KB 3 Kt-QB 3 3 B-B 4 B-B 4 4 P-QKt 4l BxKtP; 5 P-B 3
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
,
;
,
.
V.
5
-R4
,
P-Q4
VI.
VII.
VIII,
;
THE EVANS GAMBIT
2 Kt-KB 3 Kt-QB 3 3 B-B 4 B-B 4 P-B 3 B-B 4 KtP 6 O-O, P-Q 3 5 x x P P 8 P B-Kt P, P-Q 4 3
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
P-QKt 4
,
B 7
4I
;
;
,
IX. Q
;
,
x
B-Kt2
,
;
,
;
.
;
;
THE
KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING. i
P-K 4 P-K4 ,
;
2
B-B 4 Kt-KB 3 ,
.
THE
players who resort to this game take the earliest opporThere is no tunity of turning it into a Giuoco Piano. in 2 that is a nonit B-B4, except particular point
committing move. Black's move 2 Kt-KB3 is undoubtedly best. White's most attacking move would seem to be
P-KB4, but the reply 3 P-Q4 produces a variation of the King's Gambit Declined, which is not very favourable to the attack, as shown in Variation I. Note (2). White's move, 3
3 P-Q4, also leads to an indecisive line of play, as in Variation II. In Variation III. 3 Kt-QB3 and 3 Q-K2 in Variation IV. produce no improvement on former lines of play.
Bishop's game may be summed up by saying that it possesses a few of the features, according to White's play,
The
of several openings. In this debut, however, the Defence has greater freedom than the second player would have in the various openings into which the play drifts as a rule.
42
THE KING'S BISHOP'S OPENING i
P-I<4,
I.
P-Q3
(2)
P-K 4
;
2
B-B4,
Kt-KB 3
(i).
43
THE CENTRE GAMBIT. i
P-K4, P-K4
;
P-Q 4j P x P
2
;
3
Q x P,
Kt-QB 3
.
THIS opening is only another illustration of the fact that whenever the Queen moves early in the game, as occurs here (as well as in the Scotch Gambit), the Defence
may
derive a benefit in development, as the Queen in the middle of the board forms a prominent object of attack for Black's
minor
pieces.
The best
We
Defence, as given in Variations L, 1 1., is 4 P-KKt3. that Black need fear a K's side attack ;
do not think
on the
contrary,
if
White O-O-O, Black
is
in
a
more
favourable position to forestall him with a Q's side attack. Black's Defence 4 Kt-KB3 also holds good against White's
QKt-B3 or 5 B-Q3, as shown in Variation where Black later on, by such moves as R-Ki and P-Q4, but against White's move 5 BK.2, as obtains an advantage shown in Variation IV., Black's Defence of 4 Kt-KB3 is less
continuation of 5 III.,
;
satisfactory.
THE CENTRE GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
I.
T
P-KKt 3 QKt-B 3
;
2
P-Q 4 P ,
II.
x
P
;
3
III.
Q x P,
45
Kt-QB 3 IV.
.
THE DANISH GAMBIT. i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
THIS opening from which
is
it is
;
2
P-Q 4 P ,
x
P
;
3
P-QB 3) P
x P.
not nearly as reliable as the Scotch Gambit,
an
In Variations L, not take the third
offshoot. II., III., it
is
shown
Pawn on Q'sKt2,
that
if
Black does
but plays 4 Kt-KB3,
then White has no compensation for the sacrifice of the Pawn, and Black should remain with the better game. Should, however, Black take the third Pawn, as in Variawe believe White should win. This one variation
tion IV.,
suffices to
conducted.
show on what
lines
the
attack
ought to be
THE DANISH GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
2
P-Q 4 II.
I.
B-QB 4
;
(i)
,
AJ
THE
KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED. i
WE
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
P-KB 4
.
do not believe
in declining the Gambit except by with a close Defence, such as the French The most customary move of declining the
it
anticipating or Sicilian.
Gambit is by 2...BB 4 ; White, however, obtains a good development with a chance of a K's side attack after he has Variation
played P-KB5-
I.
should prove very useful, as it and shows that Black's
illustrates a position often occurring,
move Kt-Q5 need not always be shows how Black may obtain a good
feared.
Variation
II.
outlet for his pieces
on
the Queen's side. In Variation III. Black plays 2...Kt-KB3. To those desiring perfect safety this move should prove useful, particularly in
connection with Black's fourth move
of Mr. Barbour of Philadelphia. one deserving of more attention than we could give it, and we believe that the 2...P-Q4 Defence is No doubt White strongest in connection with 3-..PxP. can vary his play on the 4 th move, as for instance 4 KKt-B3 but then Black by such moves as KKt-B3 and
Kt-Kt 4
,
the
invention
Variation IV.
is
;
B-Q3 may
obtain a steady game.
Variation V. ought
like-
known by most players, as it contains a trap which has claimed many victims. Variations VI., VII. and In the VIII. show the result of Black's move 3-..P-K5. wise to be well
4 B-Kt5ch, and interesting play In Variation VII. the continuation 4 Kt-QB3 leads to an even game, and in Variation VIII. the result is more
first
White continues
results.
in favour of Black.
THE KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED
I.
49
THE KING'S GAMBIT DECLINED
5O i
P-K 4 P-K 4
V. 3
,
';
2
VI.
P-KB 4 P-Q 4 ,
;
VII.
3
P
x
QP. VIII.
QxP Kt-QB 3
Q-K2_ B-Q3 P_LQ3_
o-o
PxP KtxKP KtxKt_ R-Ki
Q-B 3 ^ P-KB 4 -
THE i
KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT.
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
P-KB 4 PxP; ,
3
B-B 4
.
THIS Gambit
is difficult both for the attack and the Considered as a Gambit, we think the attack has more chances than in many variations of the ordinary
defence.
The
play, as will be seen soon, becomes and mainly resolves itself into a struggle There is for position, as shown in Variations I. and II. also in Variations III. and IV. illustrated the immediate 8 K-B2, but we attack on the Q by 6 Kt-KB3 7 P-KR 4 think Variations I. and II. deserve preference.
King's Gambit.
very complicated,
;
;
In Variations V. to VIII. Black retains the QP, by not This defence, although believed to be inplaying P-Q 4 .
nevertheless leads to very interesting complications. MacDonnelPs attack is illustrated in Variation VIII.
ferior,
51
THE KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT
52 i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
P-KB 4 P ,
Q-R5ch; I.
6
Kt-QB3
II.
5
x
P
;
3
K-Bi,
B-B 4) P-Q 4 (i)
;
4
B
P-KKt* III.
Kt-KB^
IV.
x P,
THE i
P-K4, P-K 4
;
2
P-KB 4 PxP; P-KKt 4
5
,
3
,
4 K-Bi,
V.
GAMBIT
KING'S, BISHOP'S
VI.
B-B 4
,
53
Q-Rsch
.
VII.
VIII.
Ivia-15 "3
QKt-B 3
Q~R 4 P-KR 4
B-Kt2
P-KKt 3
;
TH^ KING'S BISHOP'S GAMBIT
54 5
If 9
c
TxP; 7
White may
8
Continued 15
PxP; 21
Kt-Qs, K-Qi. also be played here ; if Black play P-Kt5, roKt-Ki, ii Kt-Q5, K-Qi; 12 PxP, B-Q2; 13 P-K6, etc.
B-Q2 may
safely play 10
Kt x KP.
KtxKKtP, Q x Kt
;
BxP, Q-B4
16
KtxP, Q-B4ch; 19 K-Ri, KtxR, QxB; 22 QxKtch, K K2 18
QxB; ;
23
;
17
20 Q-Q6,
P-K6,
P-K4
QxKt, Q-R5ch,
;
and
draws by perpetual ch. 9 This position may be arrived at by a transposition of moves, i.e. 7 Kt-B3, Q-R4 ; 8 P-KR4 63, B-Kt2; 6P-Q4, Kt-Iv2 5QKt. ,
;
P-KR3. 10
Continued
P-Q3
;
15 Q-R5, 18 B-K2, B-K3.
K-R2
;
16 B-K3,
KtxP:
17
QR-KBi,
THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT. i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
P-KB 4 P
2
,
x
P
;
3
Kt-KB 3 B-K 2 ,
;
4 B-B4,
THIS Gambit is reduced to the very sober proportions of an If ordinary Gambit Declined by White's move 5 K-BSq. Black then attempts to hold the Pawn, as shown in VariaBlack's best tion I., White should obtain an advantage. course is to surrender the Pawn by 5 P-Q 4 as shown in ,
but even here White, with careful play, should ultimately obtain an advantage, as the K'sBP cannot be defended for any length of time. Variations III. and IV.
Variation II.
are
devoted
;
to
6
the
arising from White playing will as be seen, White's attack, and,
attack
O-O, 5 P-KKt3 though it may be greatly varied, can always be met by Black in a satisfactory manner. a-:.d
55
THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K4 ,
;
2
P-KB 4 4 B-B 4
,
II.
I.
K-Bi
(i)
,
THE CUNNINGHAM GAMBIT 4
Continued 16 K-Kti, Kt-K6
;
57
Kt-R3, Kt-Bj.
17
Kt-KR3; 8 P-Q4, P-Q4 9 B x Kt, PxKB; 10 P x B 1 1 Kt x KBP, Q-K2 12 Kt x R, Q x Pch 13 K x P, 14 Kt-B3, Q-K3; 15 Q-Q2, B-Kt4 6 If BxKt, 9 Q-R5, Q-K2; 10 RxP, Q-B4; 11 R-BSch, 12 P-Q4, QxP; 13 B-KtSch, K-Q3 14 Kt-Q2, Kt-KB3 15 5
If
;
;
;
;
Kt-Ks, B-Kt5
;
.
;
RxR;
Q-B4; 17 Kt-Kt3, and wins. White obtains an overwhelming attack by Kt-K2; i4Kt-B3, P-B3; 15 QR-Qi, etc. 7
If
;
K-K2 BxKt,
;
16 P-B3,
BxP
13 B-Kt5ch,
THE i
KING'S
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
KNIGHTS GAMBIT.
P-KB4,
PxP;
3
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt4. ,
PROPERLY speaking, these moves only form the prelude to one of the many particular lines of play which branch from this opening. The Gambit proper is however undeservedly Very interesting play may arise by such steady I., when, in spite of the fact that Black has retained the Gambit Pawn, we should be in-
neglected.
tactics as are given in Variation
clined to favour White's game. There is also another way of proceeding somewhat similar to the play in Variation I. by White O-O-O, and then
on the King's side. when White attempts he will most likely fail.
directing an attack
Variation
II.
shows,
hasty attack, that In Variation III.
to
push on a
we give a good example of the attack from White's arising play of 5 P-KR4, followed by an exchange of Rooks, and by his playing Q-Q3, as well as P-K5, with a view to playing Q-Ry, etc. Neither in Variation III. or IV. does White succeed to our satisfaction in establishing a sound position.
58
THE KING'S KNIGHTS GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
I.
0-0
59
THE KING'S KNIGHTS GAMBIT
6O 3
To
avoid the possibility of Kt x
KtP and Kt-B;ch
in
some Varia-
tions. 4 If White attempts to continue the attack by sacrificing the piece, Black has a valid defence, i.e. 14 Kt x KtP, Q x Kt ; 15 B x P, Q-R5ch ;
P Kt3, Q-R8ch 17 K-Q2, Q-Kt7ch White may either play 16 Kt-Kti, Q-R5ch 17 K-Qi, or he may again attempt to obtain an attack by 16 B X P, P x Kt 17 Q x P, B-Kt3 18 O-O-O, but it hardly seems likely that this sacrifice should 16
;
.
5
;
;
;
succeed any more than in the previous case.
THE SALVIO GAMBIT. i
THE
2 P-KB4, P x P 3 Kt-KB3, P-KKt4 46-64, P-Kt5; 5 Kt-Ks, Q-Rsch; 6 K-Bi.
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
;
four Variations of the Salvio, or, correctly speaking, the Cochrane Gambit, prove that White does not do well
Salvio
to avoid the sacrifice of the
Knight by playing
5
Kt-K5
;
it
therefore follows that in the King's Gambit White must either play 4 P-KR4, leading to the interesting ThoroldAlgaier Variation, which is most popular in England, or he
must submit to giving up the K's Knight by O-O, which gives the old form of the Muzio, or by playing 5 P-Q4, a new form of the same opening. Variations
I.
and
II.
Gambit, but Variations
good Defences to the above and IV. are likewise in favour
are
III.
of Black.
ui
THE SALVIO GAMBIT
62
P-K 4
P-K 4; 2 4 B-B 4 P-Kts ,
,
,
5
Kt-K 5 II.
I.
"
1
P-KB 4 PxP; ;
P-B6
KtxP(B 7 )(2)
(i),
3 Kt-KB 3 P-KKt 4 Q-R 5 ch 6 K-Bi. ,
;
III.
IV.
;
THE MUZIO GAMBIT. P-K4, P-K 4
;
2
P-KB4, P x P
;
3
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt4 ,
.;
4 B-B4, P-Kts.
WE
fill up easily, and in an interesting manner, volume with a treatise on the Muzio Gambit, and
could very
this little
even then, perhaps, we should not have said the last word. For our own part, we should just as soon play this Gambit as
any other.
It is
probably owing to the fact that
it is
optional with Black whether he plays 4...P-Kt5, or directs the game into the tame channel of an ordinary King's
Gambit by playing 4...B-Kt2, which influences most first players to play 4 P-KR4, whereby they can mould the game after their own liking. We have selected what we consider the four most representative Variations. Variation L, after 5 O-O, P x Kt 6 Q x P, Q-B3, White ;
continues of this on
7
Q
x P. Variation II. is a sub-variation P-K.5, 1 2th move. Variation III. shows when Black
refuses
on the yth move
instead.
Variation IV.
to take the Pawn, and plays Q-B4 shows the danger which Black is exposed to by White's tricky continuation of P-Q4, and also shows how it can be avoided.
63
THE MUZ 10 GAMBIT
64 i
P-K 4 P-K4 ,
I.
,0-0
THE MUZ 10 GAMBIT
65
Black has a much better defence than 9...Q x Pch by 9-..Q-KB4, in which case White will not be able to obtain an equivalent for his sacrifices. 2
If
IO...P-QB3
Q-Qj; 17
;
n
QR-Ksq, Q-B4ch
;
12 K-Rsq, P-O_4
Q-R5,
13
;
BxQP, PxB; 15 Kt x P, Kt-B-3 16 B-B3, Q-Kt3 BP x Q 18 B x R, K-B2 19 Kt X P, B x Kt 20 R x Bcli,
14
Q x Q,
;
;
;
;
;
B-B 4 -. 3
Better than
4
Continued
n...Q-B4ch; 12 K-Rsq, etc. B x P, BxP; 18 QxB,
17
QxQch;
19
KtxQ,
20B-B3, P-B4 21 B-B6, K-Q2 22 P-Q4, P x Kt 5 II B-Q3, Q-K3 12 BxP, 10 Kt-K4, B-Kt2 If 9...Kt-K2; Kt-Kt 3 13 Kt-KtS, Q-K2; 14 B-K 3 O-O 15 Q-R5, P-KR 3 1 6 Kt x P, R x Kt 17 Q x Kt, and wins. 6 The moves can be 6 P-Q4. transposed by 5 O-O, P x Kt 7 Better than 6...P X P, or P-B;ch, if 6...P x P 7 B x Pch, with a
R-KKti
.
;
;
;
;
;
,
;
;
;
;
;
;
winning attack.
F
THE ALGAIER-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT. i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
4
AT one
time
this
2 P-KB 4 P x P P-KR 4 P-Kt5 ,
;
,
;
5
3
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt 4 ,
;
Kt-Ks.
The
used to be the favourite Gambit.
Dr. Zukertort did a great deal to combat the attack of this opening, and in the Vienna tournament of 1882 he late
administered the coup de grace by defeating Steinitz. particular line of play will be found in Variation
This I.
In
Black adopts the alternate move of 7 B-Q3. White here in vain sacrifices a piece for an attack which In Variation III. White plays 9 B-Kt5ch does not last. Variation
II.
and wins the exchange, which Black voluntarily surrenders for the sake of a successful attack. In Variation IV, instead of going in for the exchange, White tries another expedient by 9 K-B2, with, however, no more satisfactory than in the previous case. In Variation V. Black adopts Paulsen's Defence 5 B-Kt2. Very often the play arising from this move is by a transposition, as in the result
5
KKt-B3
Defence.
as also in Variation
White emerges with an equal game, VI., where he alters his tactics on
the 9th move and plays B x P. In Variation VII. we give a simple Defence of 5 P-Q 4 to which we cannot see any valid objection. This is combined with the 6 P-B6 ,
which Black also adopts in Variation VIII. which formerly used to be considered the principal Defence to this opening. In either case the Defence fares well. attack,
,
66
THE ALGAIER-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4
P-KR 4 6
I.
'
8
B-lCt2
QKt-B 3
;
2
(i),
P-KB 4 PxP;
3
,
P-Kt 5
B-B 4
(3),
II.
;
5
Kt-K 5
P-Q4
;
7
6j
KKt-B 3 P-KKt 4 KKt-B 3 P x P. ,
(2),
III.
;
IV.
;
THE ALGAIER-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT
68
i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4
V. '
6
B-Kt2
P-Q4
;
2 P-KB 4 P x P P-KR 4 P-Kt5 5 ;
,
,
VI.
;
3
Kt-KB 3) P-KKt 4
Kt-K5. VII.
VIII.
;
THE ALGAIER-KIESERITZKY GAMBIT
69
R-R2, B-KB4 B-Qj, K-Kt2 16 Kt-Bj, R-Kich 17 K-B2 K-Q2, Q-K2 18 Q-Kti, B-Kt5 19 B-B4, Q-K7ch 20 BxQ, 18 KtxKt, R-Bch, 21 K-Qr, BxP mate). 17 ... Kt-K5ch P-Kt6ch 19 Kt x P, P x Ktch wins. If 14
'
;
17
(if
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
8
Continued 16 K-Ki, Q-K2ch
BxBch; igPxB, R-Kti 9
10
If 12
;
K-Qi, B-Kt5ch
17
18
;
6-63,
.
B x Kt, Q x B
In a
B-KKt, 3
; 13 Kt-QB3, Q-Qi -. game between Thornton and Steinitz, White here played Kt-K6; II Q-K2, QxQP; 12 P-B3, Q-Kt3 13 B-Ktj, ;
B-K3 14 Kt-Q2, etc. 11 IfKt-QB3; 12 P-B3, KtxKt; ;
PxKt, Q-Kt4
13
;
14 Q-Q.2-
BxP-. 12
If
White plays 6 P x P, then Q-K2 or B-K2, or
if
6
KtxKtP,
PxKP-. 13
Black plays P-B6, 8 PxP, P-Q3 9 Kt-Q3, B-K2, etc. 8 Kt x BP, R x Kt 10 BxP, but Black 9 B x Rch, K x B should maintain his advantage by B-R3 O-O, K-Kt2, etc. 15 Continued 13 Q-B4, Kt-Q2 14 Kt-Bj, Kt-Kt3 ; 15 B-Kt3, If
u Or
;
;
;
;
;
R
Kt2.
n
THE ALGAIER GAMBIT. i
4
P-K4, P-K4;
P-KR 4 P-Kt5
THE
,
P-KB4,
2 ;
5
continuation of
PxP;
Kt-Kts,
7
3
P-KR 3
Kt-KB3, P-KKt4 6 Kt x P, K x Kt. ;
;
B-I>4ch in this Gambit has
move
made
P-Q4, which leads to more England In reply to 7 B-B4ch, interesting and enduring attacks. can go either to Kt2 or Ki. P-Q4 8 B x Pch, the Black
room
for the
in
K
;
White's
7
move
7
QxP
is
worse than the preceding one,
though inexperienced players are very liable to take to it. Variation IV. is a complete refutation of that line of play.
70
THE ALGAIER GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4
;
2
P-KR4, P-Kts; I.
B-B 4 ch
P-KB 4 P ,
5
Kt-Kts,
x
P
;
3
P-KR 3
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt 4 ,
;
6
Kt x
P,
;
K x Kt.
THE ALGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT. P-K 4 P-K 4
i
,
4 P-KR4,
;
P-K5;
2
P-KB4, 5
PxP;
3
P-KRj
Kt-Kt5,
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt4 6 KtxP, KxKt; ,
;
;
D
7
1
-Q4-
WHITE'S seventh move forms Mr. Thorold's innovation on the Algaier Gambit. It is, we believe, played more often in England than any other Gambit. It is a beautiful game, and the attack has very large scope in the hands of an attackBlack's recognised Defence is 7...P-Q4, but ing player. P-B6, as given in Variation VII., may also be played with a prospect of a fair Defence. 7---P-Q3, as shown in Variation VIII. in connection with Black's 8th move K-Kt3, a Defence, we believe, advocated by the late Dr. Zukertort, but we do not think it an improvement on the P-Q4 is
Defence.
Of
we give six Variations. Variations V. and from their predecessors, inasmuch as after 8 B x P Black does not play P x P, but replies with Kt-KB3, a Defence recommended by Mr. Freeborough, which we VI.
the latter
differ
is as If 8...P x P; 9 B-B4ch, K-Kt2 good as PxP. White has several continuations at his disposal 10 B-K5ch, as given in Variations I. and II. ; 10 O-O, as given in Variation III. and 10 Kt-B3, as given in Variation IV.
think
:
;
THE ALGAIER-TPIOROLD GAMBIT Speaking of the
we may say style
sacrifice of the piece
that the result
of play
73
by White, generally, depend greatly on the
will
and the capacity of the
first
player.
If
he
be of an imaginative turn of mind, and of an attacking style, he will probably succeed in carrying through the If, however, White is a player of the mathematical order, we should as little recommend him to adopt this opening as we should recommend an imaginative
attack successfully.
In both cases the parplayer to play a French Defence. ties would be out of their elements.
i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4
P-KR 4 P-Kt5
7
P-Q 4
,
(2),
I.
B-Ksch
;
;
2 5
P-KB 4 PxP; P-KR3 ,
Kt-Kt5,
P-Q 4 (!);
8
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt 4
3 (i)
QBxP, PxP;
II.
III.
,
;
6 9
;
Kt x P, K x Kt B-B 4 ch, K-Kt2.
;
IV.
THE ALGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT
74 i
4
P-K4, P-K4; P-KR4, P-K5; V.
7
P-Q4
2
P-KB4, 5
PxP;
Kt-Kts,
3
P-KR 3
Kt-KB 3 P-KKt4 ,
;
6
Kt
x P,
Kx VIII.
;
Kt.
THE ALGAIER-THOROLD GAMBIT
75
2
This continuation, brought first into prominent notice by the talented player, Mr. Thorold, of Bath, has entirely displaced in England the old-fashioned and weaker continuation of 7B-B4ch. In a game between Thorold and Dr. Ballard, the former played I3P-RS, KtxB; 14 P x Kt, B-B4ch ; 15 K-Ri, Kt x P 16 R-B;ch, K-Kt3 17 QxQ, RxQ; 18 RxP, B-Kt3 19 B-B;ch, K-Kt2 20 R X B, K x B, and won. :'
;
;
;
4
Continued
Kt-R4; if
PxKt, QxQch; 15 RxQ, B-B4ch 16 K-R2, K-Kt3 18 KtxP, and White should win; for
14
;
17 R-B7ch,
;
Kt3; 19 Kt-Q6 wins
I8...B
An
win.
;
interesting variation
;
or
if
would
i8...R-Bi, then QR-KBi should from the following line of
result
21 20 R-Q6ch, K-B4 18 RxP, P-Kt6ch 19 K-Ri, B-Kt3 R-B7ch, K-KtS 22 R-Kt6ch, KxP; 23 KtxP, R-Qsq (if B-KKtS; 24 Rx Bch, Kx R ; 25 B-K2ch, KR5 26 R-B5, and wins) 24 B-K2, B-K6; 25 P-K6, BxP; 26 RxB, R-KBi 27 B x Kt, KxB; 28 Kt x Pch, and wins. 5 Continued 17 B x B, QxB; 18 R-B5, Kt-Kt6 19 Q x Pch, K-R2; 20 Kt-K4, KtxKt; 21 Q x Kt, K-Kti ; 22 R-B6, Q-K2 ; 24 R-Q7, and wins. 23 Q-Kt4ch, B-Kt2 6 If Qx Pch 12. ..Kt X P might be 13 QxQ, KtxQ; 14 B-K5
play
:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
played, though the 7 8 9
RxB,
Continued 14 io...B-Kt5
move
is
inferior to
Kt-Iv4
;
generally a bad
is
B-Q3. 15 B-Kt3, R-Bsq-.
move
in this opening.
iSBxP, KtxB. Black may also QxKtch, QxQ; 20 KtxQ, KtxKt; 21
Continued 17 Kt x P, P-Q4
;
I8...Q-K2; 19 KR-Bich, K-K2 22 KR-Ki, K-B3. and draw; 19 R x Kt, QxR; 21 Kt-Kt5ch, PxKt: 22 P x Pch, and win in 20 Q-B6ch, K-K2
play
;
;
6 moves. 10
If 9...
KtxP;
10
KtxKt, PxKt;
II
similar to that in the previous defences. 11 If I3...B-K2 or B-K3, White can play 12
Continued 15 K-Kt2,
BxP;
B-B4ch, and the play
is
RxPch.
16
B-KB4, QKt-Bj 17 Kt-Kt5, 20 B x R, QxB; R-R2 18 Q-Q2, P-Rj 19 Kt x Pch, R x Kt 21 P-B 3 Q-Qsq; 22 QRKsq, B-Kt 4 24 Q-B 3 23 Q-Q 3 P-R 5 Kt-B3; 25 BxKtch, PxB; 26 P-K5, Kt-Q4 27 Q-R5ch, K-Q2 16 KtxB, 28 P-B6, and wins, or if 14. ..KtxB 15 KtxKt, P-B3 QxKt 17 B-Kt5 13 i2...KtxRPas played by Ur. Ballard against Gunsberg would ;
;
;
;
;
,
,
;
;
,
;
;
;
.
;
produce 13 RxKt 14 Continued 16 Kt-lv4, P-Q4 .
KB2-.
;
17 Kt-B6,
KtxKt;
18
PxKtch,
THE VIENNA GAME. i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
2
Kt-QB 3
.
THIS move may of course lead
to many interesting GambitVariations, but in 2...Kt-KB3, Black has a Defence which makes it unprofitable to continue on Gambit lines. As far
we understand
as
the Vienna
game we cannot
advise a con-
tinuance of play 3 P-KB4, as in every case the Defence seems to derive a balance of advantage. In Variation I.
we 5
give at once what
Q-^3
;
is
but even then
assumed it
will
to be White's best play, be seen that 5...P-KB4, as
played by Lasker v. Blackburne, is a perfectly safe reply. In Variation II. we give White's continuation of 5 Kt-B3, but the play soon flows into shallow channels. Variation III. contains the
move
of 4 P-Q3, which in former times was
Variation IV. shows one line of play, frequently adopted. and a perfectly sound one, whereby White rightly avoids the consequences of persisting with 3 P-KB4 against Black's
White may, however, by such moves Kt 63 or 6-64 turn the game into a Giuoco Piano. In games Gunsberg v. Blackburne, the former played 3 P-QR3Defence 2...Kt-KB3.
as 3
76
~~
THE VIENNA GAME i
I.
P-B 4
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
;
II.
2
Kt-QB 3 Kt-KB 3 ,
III.
(i).
IV.
THE VIENNA GAME 5
This move has been very
6
This
is
his best
move
;
much in vogue recently. game may be equalised by 5--Kt x Kt
the
6KtPxKt!, Q-Rsch; 7 P-Kt3, Q-K5ch, 7 If 6 P x P en pas. Kt x P
;
etc.
.
8
seems almost hopeless for White to develop on the King's side ; he is therefore better advised to take whatever risk there is in this move. 9 Or 5...KI-QB3 ; 6 B-Kts, B-K2, 7 O-O, O-O ; 8 Q-Ki, Kt-Kt4 ; 9 BxKt, PxB; or5...BK2; 6 Q-K2, Kt x Kt j yKtPxKt, O-O; It
8 Q-B2,
etc.
5 PxP, Kt-KtS;6 QKt-K2, Kt x KP 7 P-B3, Or ...4 B-QKtS; 5 PxKP... KtxP 6 PxKt, Q-R5ch 8 P x B, B-Kt5ch 9 Kt-B3, PxP; 10 Q-Q4, B-R4 7 K-K2, B x Kt II K-K3, BxKt; 12 PxB, Q-K8ch draw by 13 K-B4, Q-R5ch PxB; 14 Q x KP, 12 B-KtS ch., P-B3 13 P x B. perpetual ch. 11 Or 6 PxP, BQKts 7 P-Q4, Kt-Kt3 8 B-KtSch, B-Q2, etc. 12 It would not be good to continue 10 Kt x Kt, P x Kt 1 1 B x B, 10
Or4...P-Q_5;
P-QB4
;
.
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
PxKt; 13
12
PxP, Q-R5ch,
etc.
If 8...Kt-Qs, KKtxKt; 9 favourable for White.
PxKt, P-B4, and
this
is
not so
THE STEINITZ GAMBIT. i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4
;
Kt-QB 3 Kt-QB 3J 3 P-B 4j P P-Q 4 Q-Rsch; 5 K-K 2 2
,
x
P
;
.
,
THERE
will always appear to be a certain halo of romance In this opening the King, contrary surrounding this debut.
to
usage, emerges boldly into the open board, and defies all his forces to do their worst against him.
all
enemy and The results of the
games played by Mr.
the
ventor of this Gambit
Steinitz
the in-
1883 tournament were supto the first player, principally on be unfavourable to posed account of the fact that Black is supposed to be able to i P-K 4 obtain a draw by the following line of play in the
:
P-K 4
,
Kt-QB 3 3 P-B 4 PxP; 4 P-Q 4) 7 K-B2, Q-R5ch; 5 K-K 2 P-Q 4 6 P x P, Q-K2ch Q-R5ch. In this position Steinitz played 8 P-KKt 3 in ;
2
Kt-QB 3
;
,
,
;
,
;
,
order to avoid the draw by perpetual check ; but after P x Pch, 9 K-Kt2, Englisch played the excellent move of It was therefore assumed that B-Q 3 an(3 White lost. White must take the draw; but analysis seems to throw considerable doubt on this assumption ; so much so, that ,
we can only express our not put
No
it
doubt,
to the test
surprise
that
Mr. Steinitz has
by an exhaustive
however, we
series of games. hear more about this very of Mr. Steinitz's work when-
shall
interesting attack in Part II. ever that book may see the light of day. continues as in Variation II. Variation I. 79
The analyst contains the
THE STEIN ITZ GAMBIT
So
move 7...O-O-O, whereby he gives up a piece. play here is very interesting and has by no means been exhausted. Variation III., 5...P-QKt3, is a defence which
alternative
The
requires careful treatment, as does also 5-..P-Q3 given in In addition to the above, we think Black Variation IV. also play 5...P-KKt4; we however should give the preference to the P-Q4 defence if we made up our mind to
may
accept this Gambit. i
P-K4, P-K 4
;
2
Kt-QB 3 Kt-QB 3 3 P-B 4 Q-R5ch; 5 K-K 2 ,
;
4 P-Q4, I.
P-Q 4 /[
PxP
II.
,
PxP;
.
III.
IV.
THE STEIN I TZ GAMBIT Or
1
10
81
B-B4ch; 12 K-B3, Kt-KSch; Queen is attacked White has nothing to fear from Kt-Bj. Again, if Black in answer to 10 Kt-Kt5 replies P-QR3, White has some interesting play at his disposal in ii P-Kt4, B takes KtP (if B-Kt3, then 12 P-B4 and B5, etc.) 12 P-B3, B-QB4 13 Q-R4, K takes P; 14 Kt takes P, with the better 13
K-Kt3
Kt-QKtS, Kt-B3 and owing to the ;
;
11 K-Q3(!),
fact that Black's
;
;
game. 2 Continued 15 R-Bsq, Kt-B3
RxQ; iSKtxR-, 3
QxP, Kt-Ksch
16
;
15 B Q_4, P-KB3 ; 16 18 R-Kt5, P-QKt3 ; 19 Q-K2,
Continued
Qx RP P-Q6,
;
PxP;
22 B-K4,
Q-Q4; 25 RxRP 4 7 P-QB4 is not 5 Or 7...P-K14;
Q x Kt,
Q-Kti
;
R-QKti, B x Kt ; 17 B x B, 20 R-Ri, Q-Kt2 21 ;
Q-R3
;
BxR, QxB;
23
24
RxKtP,
.
so good. 8 Kt-KB3,
Q-R4
;
9 K-B2,
B x Kt
Kt-Bs. 6
17
;
R-Qi.
If7...BxKtch; 8
KxB,
Kt-B3
;
9 B-QKts,
etc.
;
10
Bx
B,
THE HAMPE-ALGAIER GAMBIT. P-K 4 P-K 4 P-KKt 4
i
,
4 Kt-B 3
,
;
;
Kt-QB 3
2
5
,
7
IN
its
Kt x
features
principal
Kt-QB 3
,
P-KR 4 P-Kt5 P,
;
6
3 P-B 4j PxP; Kt-KKts, P-KR 3 ;
;
K x Kt.
this
opening
similar to
is
the
The attack is stronger, as White's Algaier-Thorold Gambit. QKt being played out restricts Black's Defence to narrower limits
;
2
Kt-QB 3 Black can ,
Vienna I,
is,
obtain a
much
better
game by
declin-
Gambit with KKt-B 3 producing a
position in the opening not favourable to the first player. Vari-
ing this
ation
and one that practically is a that whenever White plays
the only disadvantage,
serious one, to this opening
,
shows this opening developed on Thorold's lines. II. shows the same with Freeborough's Defence
Variation
Kt-B 3 added. Variation III.
Variation
is
Zukertort's Defence.
IV. will be
recognised as applicable to the
Algaier, Algaier-Thorold, and this opening, where, however, the Defence is least effective, owing to the fact that
White can very quickly bring
his
QR
into play.
THE HAMPE-ALGAIER GAMBIT i
P-K 4 P-K 4 ,
4 Kt-B 3
,
;
P-KKt4
Kt-QB 3 Kt-QB 3
2
,
P-KR 4 P-Kt5
5
,
7
8
x P,
;
6
3 P-B 4 PxP; Kt-KKts, P-KR 3 ,
K x Kt. IV.
I.
P-Q4
Kt
;
83
(i)
THE
KING'S BISHOP'S
PAWN
OPENING. i
P-KB 4
.
THIS form of opening has been brought into a good deal of prominence of late years, mainly by Mr. H. E. Bird, who has played past, ing.
it
at
almost every opportunity for several years
sometimes successfully against players of good standWe cannot say that we believe in the opening, for at
first player will be at some disadvantage, owing to the difficulty of finding a good place for his Queen's Knight,
best the
without having to weaken his King's Pawn. This may be seen in all the variations defended with 3...,P-QB4, and also when Black defends with I-P-K3. But when the defence of 2...,P-KKt3 is adopted, followed up in the manner illustrated in Variation L, the second player early obtains the better game.
8t
THE KING'S BISHOP'S PAWN OPENING I.
P-KB 4
85
FROM'S GAMBIT. i
FROM'S Gambit Opening.
is
P-KB 4 P-K4. ,
an offshoot of the King's Bishop's Pawn player, instead of playing on the
The second
defensive, begins at once with a counter-attack, commencAs to the absolute soundness of this ing with i...,P-K4. it would be rash to express any positive would not be difficult to fill a good-sized volume of analysis on this particular line of interesting attack. One thing is, however, quite clear, and that is, that White's game can be made sufficiently complicated to make it not at all easy for him to find all the correct replies to the many onslaughts that Black will be able to make on the position with the usual limited amount of time at the This may be gathered by perusing the disposal of players. complications arising in Variations II. and III., also in Variation I. we think the second player should obtain the
counter-attack,
opinion, as
better game.
it
FXOM'S GAMBIT i
P-KB 4 P-K 4 ,
II.
PxP
.
III.
THE ENGLISH OPENING. i
THE
English
Pawn game,
is
P-QB 4) P-K 3
;
P-QB 4 P-K 4
i
,
.
Opening, another branch of the Queen's one of the very soundest of openings, and
although somewhat gone out of practice of
late, it
very recent years, the favourite opening of
was, until
many
leading
The important competitions. safest defence to adopt for the second player is i..., P-K3 players
when engaged
in
;
or
IV.
i...,
P-QB4,
as
The defence
shown of
i...,
in Variations
P-K4, "
is
I.,
II.,
inferior, as
III.,
and
White may "
Sicilian Defence with a then proceed on the lines of the move ahead. Variations V. and VII. somewhat prove this,
although in Variation VIII. it will be seen that if Black play 2..., P-QKt3, followed by B-Kt2, he may succeed in obtaining something like an even position after the first ten or twelve moves.
THE ENGLISH OPENING
I.
89
THE ENGLISH OPENING
9O
V.
ZUKERTORT OPENING.
ANOTHER branch
of the Queen's
called Zukertort Opening,
Zukertort,
who played
International first
it
Pawn game
is
the so-
named
after the illustrious J. H. frequently in the great London
Tournament of 1883.
Kt-KB3, before P-Q4,
is
The
object of playing
to enable the first player to
P-QB4 without giving Black the chance of continuing with 3..., P x P, followed by P-K4, or P-QB4, as in In Variations L, II. and III., we the Queen's Gambit. play 3
give what we consider the best opening moves for both Variation IV. illustrates the inferiority of defending sides. i P-KB4. And in Variations V., VI., VII. and VIII., the student will perceive that to try to turn a close game into an open one too early results disadvantageously to
with
the player
who
attempts
it.
ZUKERTORT OPENING
92
I.
Kt-KB 3
ZUKERTORT OPENING V.
Kt-KP>3 1
P-Q4
P-Q 4
93
THE QUEEN'S PAWN OPENING. i
P-Q 4
.
THE Queen's Pawn Opening, with its numerous variations, has been played from time immemorial by the leading It is more safe, and perhaps chess-players of the world. slightly
more sound than King's Side Openings, and
it
is
owing to this, coupled with the fact that it is difficult for the second player to initiate any early counter attack, that experts of mediocre talent are often enabled to make a display of strength against better players than themselves. Especially is this the case in tournaments, where the better players cannot afford to risk much, in order to force a win out of what generally turns out to be a drawn position after
the players have emerged from the opening. In Variations IV. we have shown the best mode of I., II., III. and
when defending the modern form of attack, which has been recently brought into prominence by many We do not believe that this form of attack strong players. ought to succeed against a good defence. Variations V. and VI. deal with the troublesome complications which treatment
arise
from
Variations
the moves of i P-Q4, P-Q4 ; 2 6-64, and VII. and VIII. are devoted to the counter-
attack which the second players i P-Q4 with i..., P-KB4. 9t
may adopt by
replying to
THE QUEEN'S T.
P-Q 4
y.-nr.v
orENixa
95
THE QUEEN'S PAWN OPENING
96 V. r
P: 04
THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED. i
ONE ing
P-Q 4 P-Q4 ,
;
2
P-QB 4 P-K 3 ,
;
OR P-B 3
.
of the important offshoots of the Queen's Pawn Open the Queen's Gambit Declined. In every important
is
chess competition, whether set matches or tournaments, this particular form of the Queen's Pawn game is certain
The
to find a place. position,
and not
play being for a long time merely for it will depend a good
for gain in material,
upon the judgment of the player whether he obtains the better or worse game. Variations I. to V. are given to illustrate the effect of Black's defence 2..., P-K3, and
deal
Variations
latter
defence
Black's
game
and VIII., that of 2..., P-QP>3older defence is the safest, although the
VII.
VI.,
The former and
may be adopted without
will
be found to be more
the second than with the
first
great
difficult to
risk,
but
play with
plan of defence.
H
THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT DECLINED
98
I.
////:
OTEEX'S GAMBIT DECLINED
99
THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT. P-Q4, P-Q4;
i
2
P-QB4, P x
P.
FEW
experts of the present clay ever think of accepting the Queen's Gambit, although the masters of the old school
It has, however, been found by almost invariably did so. experience that Black gains no advantage, even if he suffer
no disadvantage, by accepting the gambit, as the Gambit Pawn cannot be maintained. There is, however, less risk in accepting this gambit, than either the King's or Evans Gambits, and the monotony of an otherwise close game might frequently be relieved by accepting the attack arising from 2..., P x P. We have demonstrated in Variation I., if Black continue after 3 Kt-P>3, with P-QB4, that the
second player can easily obtain at least an even game. In Variations II. and III., if White play 3 P-K3, the defence should get rather the better of the opening by adopting the line of play which w e have indicated, beginning with 3..., r
P-K-4.
And
in Variation IV.,
difficulty in establishing a
Black should also have no
good defence.
THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT I.
P-Q 4
IOI
INDEX PAGE
Algaier-Gambit
70-71
Algaier-Kieseritzky
66-69
.
72-75
Algaier-Thorolcl
Centre Counter
.........
Centre Gambit
7-8
44~45
Cunningham Gambit
55~57
Danish Gambit
46-47
English Opening
......... .......
88-90
......... ....... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...'.... .........
86-87
Evans Gambit
Evans Gambit Declined French Defence
From Gambit Giuoco Piano
38-41
36-37 1-4
33~35
Hampe-Algaier Gambit
82-83
King's Bishop's Gambit
5 I- 54
King's Bishop's Opening
King's Bishop's
Pawn Game
42-43 84-85
King's Gambit Declined
48-50
King's Knight's Gambit
58-60
Muzio Gambit Petroff's
Defence
.
.
.
.
103
.
.
.
.
63-65
12-14
TNDEX
io 4
Philidor's
Defence
Queen's Bishop's
.... ....
Pawn
Queen's Gambit
(Ponziani) Opening
Queen's Gambit Declined Queen's
911 15-16 1OO-IOI
97-99
.
Pawn Opening
Ruy Lopez
PACES
...... ..... ..... .....
94-96 22-26
Gambit
61-62
Scotch Gambit
17-21
Salvio
Sicilian
Defence
5-6
Steinitz
Gambit
79-81
Two
Knights' Defence
Vienna
Game
.....
Zukertort Opening
....
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think there is little doubt but that it will be regarded as the text-book subject. The illustrations are all that can be on this important branch of gymnastics. .
desired."
.
.
Gymnast.
DUMB-BELLS. Illustrated,
BOXING.
By
F.
GRAF, Orion Gymnastic Club.
if.
By R. G. ALLANSON-WINN, Inns
of Court
School of Arms, Winner of the Middle Weights, Cambridge, is. 1876-7 Heavy Weights, 1877-8. Illustrated, ;
" Mr. Winn's book is worthy of great praise, and best on the subject." Field.
for
it is
at
once one of the cheapest
BROAD-SWORD AND SINGLE-STICK.
With
Chapters on Quarter-Staff, Bayonet, Cudgel, Shillalah, Walkingand Umbrella. By R. G. ALLANSON-WINN and C.
stick
PHILLIPPS-WOLLEY. "There
Illustrated,
is.
the same practical comprehensiveness about the last volume of this feries as has characterized its predecessors. The book is illustrated and capitally "
printed.
is
Sportsman.
FENCING.
By H. A. COLMORE DUNN, Inns of Court
School of Arms. "
A
capital
Illustrated,
handbook on fencing."
WRESTLING. BUTTOCKER"),
By late
St.
is.
James's Gazette.
WALTER
Hon.
Sec.
ARMSTRONG ("CROSS-
Cumberland and Westmoreland
Wrestling Society in London. '
'
'
Wrestling book
is
the
work
Illustrated, is. needs no praise at our hands. It is sufficient to say that the hand of Mr. Walter Armstrong." Field.
LONDON GEORGE BELL & :
SONS.
A
SHADOWGRAPHY,"
complete
r Containing every piece o appa ratus named in the bo jk.
There are about 20 dilTereiv and exactly the same a
pieces,
used by TREWEY. Price only 3/6. Post free Book only, 6'd., pos 3/9. free.
THE TALKING HAND.
Causes roars of laughte.
Can be had in various figures, viz. Oil Woman, Nigger, Coster, Little Girl and Little Boy. Price, with Dialogue, 2/9, post frei VENTRILOQUIAL HEADS, at 5/4, ?/-, ll/ clever.
Very
:
Man, Old 1
5 6, and 22/-, post
free.
VENTRILOQUIAL FIGURES, 42/-, 63/-, and g~ods.
15/-, 21/-, SO/ 105/- each, carriage on receipt
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF VENTRILOQUIAL BOOK! Any Soecial Figure made to order. Original Dialogues written from 5/- to 42/-.
TROUBLE LATEST
WIT.
NOVELTY.
It
will
Performed at
Or,
A
Leading Feature at every Entertainment Very amusing and clever.
be the
coming season.
the
Price 2/9, post
frei
A Great Novelty TWENTY-FIVE HEADS UNDER ONE HAT.
Complete Set of Apparatus, Book, &c., &c.,
forr Public
Egyptian Hall.
tl
for
Chapeaugraphy.
An immense
succe:
c. Entertainments, Private Parties, Bazaars, Penny Readings, &c., Price ll/- complete, post free. Tricli to Order. Special Conj-uriny
made
Any
BOOKS JUST PUBLISHED: Modern Coin Manipulation. By T. Nelson Downs (" King of Koins "). 10/6, post free. Thurston'S Card Tricks. By Howard Thurston (King of Cards). 2/6, post free 2/i Cloth Cover, 3/6, post free 3/9.
Up-to-date Mystical Sleights and Illusions. Morrell.
We
are
Sole Agents
for
this
By
interesting
R
A.
book.
I/-, post free 1/1.
Mes-rs. Hamley Bros, have recently acquired the business of " the late firm of Hiam," Nile Street, City Road, N. They can supply any of Mr. Hiaiu's tricks or specialities. Messrs. Hamley Bros, undertake to supply any conjuring trick at a discount of 10 per cent, off the Catalogue Prices quoted by any other dealer in conjuring tricks in the world.
HAMLEY'S GRAND MAGICAL SALOO: 231, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. ALSO HAMLEY'S (LATE BLAND'S) PALACE OF MAQICA WONDERS, 35, NEW OXFORD STREET.
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