Wielu osobom trudno wyobrazić sobie pracę bez Wikipedii. Choć nie zawsze stanowi pełne, wystarczające i bezbłędne źródł...
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Wielu osobom trudno wyobrazić sobie pracę bez Wikipedii. Choć nie zawsze stanowi pełne, wystarczające i bezbłędne źródło wiedzy, to właśnie od niej studenci, naukowcy, czy inni użytkownicy Internetu zaczynają poszukiwania informacji na interesujący ich temat. Książka Dariusza Jemielniaka stanowi przewodnik po świecie Wikipedii, nie jest to jednak „instrukcja obsługi”, wprowadzenie w techniczne niuanse, czy też prezentacja dziejów popularnej encyklopedii. Autor przedstawia Wikipedię i ruch Wikimedia jako organizację czy nawet zjawisko społeczne, zaś jego książka jest etnograficzną podróżą po świecie tytułowych „wirtualnych dzikich”, świecie opartym na otwartej współpracy i samoorganizacji. Czytelnik ma dzięki temu okazję poznać nowe, interesujące oblicze świata organizacji zaprezentowane przez doskonale znającego realia pracy ruchu Wikimedia Autora. dr hab. Beata Glinka, prof. UW, Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Ta książka otwiera oczy. Umożliwia wyjątkowy wgląd w zamknięty świat aktywistów Wikipedii. Profesor Jemielniak jest mocno zaangażowanym Wikipedystą i jednocześnie międzynarodowym naukowcem z dziedziny zarządzania. To podwójne umocowanie pozwala mu na dotarcie do słabo znanych materiałów, które przedstawia w złożonej, pogłębionej analizie. Rezultaty jego badań są przedstawione w niniejszej książce. Otwiera ona oczy czytelnika na gry o władzę i mechanizmy zarządzania stojące za pozornie chaotyczną, anarchistyczną społecznością otwartej współpracy (...). Książka Jemielniaka jest lekturą obowiązkową dla wszystkich, którzy chcą zrozumieć przyszłość współczesnych organizacji. prof. dr hab. Andrzej K. Koźmiński, członek korespondent PAN, profesor Akademii Leona Koźmińskiego
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SPIS TREŚCI
PODZIĘKOWANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 WPROWADZENIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Dlaczego warto badać społeczności otwartej współpracy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Świadomość zbiorowa, głąby, przegrani i inne błędne założenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Zawartość książki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
WIKIPEDIA W TELEGRAFICZNYM SKRÓCIE: LICZBY, ZASADY, EDYTORZY
...............
27
Wikipedia: podstawowe fakty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Podstawowe zasady i normy zachowania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Życie społeczności, status i reprezentacja samego siebie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
FORMALNE ROLE ORAZ HIERARCHIA
...........................................................................
55
Role społeczne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Głosowania nad przyznawaniem uprawnień administratora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Choroba licznikowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Ścieżka zdrowia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Czy system upadł? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Czy admiństwo to wielka rzecz? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Dymisjonowanie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Klika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Egalitarny system władzy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6
ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... DLACZEGO MUSIMY UMIERAĆ ZA GDAŃSK?
.............................................................
93
Rozwiązywanie wirtualnych konfliktów . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Zapraszamy na Danzig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Wieczna wojna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Pokój z pominięciem konsensusu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Trajektorie konfliktów . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Współpraca, konflikt, a może i to, i to? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
WIELKI BRAT PATRZY
....................................................................................................
131
Kontrola przez śledzenie zmian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Kontrola przez strukturę wypowiedzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Kontrola przez procedury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Przyczyny biurokratyzacji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
NIE UFAJ NIKOMU: PRAWDA JEST... GDZIEŚ TAM
.....................................................
157
Zaufanie a społeczności open source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Sprawa Essjaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Na czym polegał występek Essjaya? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Późniejsze debaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Zaufanie i kontrola referencji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Zaufanie do procedur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
CZY LECI Z NAMI PILOT?
...............................................................................................
183
Odejście założyciela? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Ojciec Założyciel czy Ojcowie Założyciele? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Zmieniająca się rola Walesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Przełomowe eksperymenty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Dziecięca pornografia? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Tryby przywództwa w społecznościach otwartej współpracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Przekroczony Rubikon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
SPIS TREŚCI MIĘDZY ANARCHIĄ A BIUROKRACJĄ: ZARZĄDZANIE W WIKIPEDII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Wewnętrzni interesariusze ruchu Wikimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Relacje między WMF a organizacjami lokalnymi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Relacje między WMF a społecznościami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Forking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Niekompletna z definicji? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
UWAGI KOŃCOWE
..........................................................................................................
261
Nowe wolności i altruizm, czy wyzysk na nowo? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Wikipedia jako zagrożenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Zakończenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
DODATEK 1: METODYKA BADAŃ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Etnografia a przeniknięcie do badanej społeczności . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Narracja w pierwszej osobie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Metody badawcze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Pytania badawcze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Etnografia wirtualna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Nazewnictwo i powody, dla których badanie oparto na dwóch Wikipediach . . . . . . 284
DODATEK 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII
.......................................................................
289
Wprowadzenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Pięć filarów . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Czym Wikipedia nie jest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Podstawowe pojęcie neutralności . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Wikipedia: Prawa autorskie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Wikipedia: Wikietykieta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Podstawowe zasady etykiety Wikipedii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Wikipedia: Ignoruj wszystkie zasady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
BIBLIOGRAFIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
7
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ZLNLSHG\VWyZ2SLVXMċ]MDZLVNRZ\VWċSRZDQLDZ:LNLSHGLLQLVNLHJR SR]LRPXZ]DMHPQHJR]DXIDQLDZğURGRZLVNXZNWyU\PRFKURQDZLU WXDOQHJRZL]HUXQNXLSU\ZDWQRğýWRGZLHQDMğFLğOHMFKURQLRQHğZLċWRğFL 3U]H]DQDOL]ċSU]\SDGNXSRZDīQHJRNU\]\VX]DXIDQLDZ:LNLSHGLL SRND]XMċīHNRQWURODUHIHUHQFMLPRīHRVâDELýMHGQĆ]FHFKSU]\FLĆJD MĆF\FKOXG]LGRSURMHNWXNWyUĆMHVWPRīOLZRğýVWZRU]HQLDZL]HUXQNX RVRE\PDMĆFHMV]HURNĆZLHG]ċ 6NXWNLHPWHJRIXQNFMċNRQWUROLUHIH UHQFMLMDNWHī]DXIDQLDPLċG]\OXG]NLHJRSU]HMPXMH]DXIDQLHSURFH GXURP:UR]G]LDOHW\PRSLVXMċGODF]HJRVSRâHF]QRğýWDNVLOQLH VNRQFHQWURZDQDQDWZRU]HQLXZLHG]\RZ\VRNLHMMDNRğFLRG U]XFDU]HF]\ZLVWHUHIHUHQFMHLWRīVDPRğFL .ZHVWLD]DXIDQLDRWZLHUDUR]ZDīDQLDZNROHMQ\PUR]G]LDOHGRW\ F]ĆF\PDXWRU\WHWyZLSU]\ZyG]WZDZUXFKX:LNLPHGLD'RNRQXMċDQD OL]\UR]ZRMXUROL-LPP\·HJRÅ-LPERµ:DOHVD3RND]XMċīHDXWRU\WHW\ Z:LNLSHGLLQLHRWU]\PXMĆWDU\I\XOJRZHM2SLVXMċHZROXFMċSU]\ZyG] WZD:DOHVD]DUyZQRZZ\QLNXMHJRğZLDGRPHJRRGHMğFLDMDNLZVNX WHNMHJRQLHSRUDGQRğFLSU]\ZyGF]HMZGZyFKSU]\SDGNDFK3RND]XMċ īHZ\EUDQ\SU]H]:DOHVDLGHNODURZDQ\SU]H]HĕPRGHOSU]\ZyG]WZD MHVWVSU]HF]Q\]SRGHMPRZDQ\PLSU]H]QLHJRG]LDâDQLDPL=UR]ZRMX SRPQLHMV]HJREXQWXVSRâHF]QRğFLSU]HFLZNRVZHPXSU]\ZyGF\Z\ VQXZDPV]HUV]HZQLRVNLQDWHPDWSU]\ZyG]WZDZRUJDQL]DFMDFKRWZDU WHMZVSyâSUDF\:UR]G]LDOHVWDZLDPS\WDQLHRWRMDNLHURG]DMHSU]\ ZyG]WZDZMDNLFKZDUXQNDFKVWRVXMĆWHVSRâHF]QRğFL :NRĕFRZ\PUR]G]LDOHNRQFHQWUXMċVLċQDNZHVWLDFK]DU]ĆG]DQLD OHF]W\PUD]HPQDSR]LRPLHFDâHJRUXFKX:LNLPHGLD2SLVXMċJâyZQ\FK LQWHUHVDULXV]\:LNLPHGLD)RXQGDWLRQLMHM5DGD3RZLHUQLF]DORNDOQL SDUWQHU]\IXQGDFMLRUD]:LNLPHGLD&KDSWHU$VVRFLDWLRQ]U]HV]HQLH RZ\FKSDUWQHUyZORNDOQ\FKMDNWHīVDPHVSRâHF]QRğFLHG\WRUyZ RUD] ]ZLĆ]NLPLċG]\QLPLZW\PSU]HV]âHLDNWXDOQHQDSLċFLD3U]H]DQDOL]ċ ZDONLRZâDG]ċLU\ZDOL]DFMLR]DVRE\UR]ZDīDPPRīOLZRğýRGHUZDQLD VLċJUXS\HG\WRUyZRGRJyâXUXFKX:LNLPHGLDOHF]X]QDMċWDNLVFH QDULXV]]DPDâRSUDZGRSRGREQ\]XZDJLQDHODVW\F]QHG]LDâDQLD :LNLPHGLD)RXQGDWLRQMDNWHīVSUDZRZDQĆSU]H]IXQGDFMċNRQWUROċ QDG]DVREDPL5R]G]LDâ]DP\NDMĆRJyOQLHMV]HREVHUZDFMHQDWHPDW ]DU]ĆG]DQLDZUXFKX:LNLPHGLDLZQLRVNLSU]\GDWQHZEDGDQLDFK VSRâHF]QRğFLZLUWXDOQ\FK6WDUDPVLċRGNU\ýMDNUXFKRFKRWQLNyZ UDG]LVRELH]SRVWċSXMĆFĆSURIHVMRQDOL]DFMĆLU\ZDOL]DFMĆ R]DVRE\DWDNīHMDNLHSURFHGXU\]DU]ĆG]DQLD]DSHZQLDMĆPX Z]JOċGQĆVWDELOQRğý
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25
WIKIPEDIA W TELEGRAFICZNYM SKRÓCIE: LICZBY, ZASADY, EDYTORZY
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WIKIPEDIA: PODSTAWOWE FAKTY :EUHZWHPXFRVLċSRZV]HFKQLHXZDīD:LNLSHGLDQLHE\âDSLHUZV]\P VHUZLVHPLQWHUQHWRZ\PW\SXÅZLNLµ6HUZLV\ÅZLNLµQD]ZDQHWDNRG KDZDMVNLHJRVâRZDR]QDF]DMĆFHJRÅV]\ENLµLSRFKRG]ĆFHJRRGÅ:LNL
28
ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... :LNL6KXWWOHµDXWREXVXNXUVXMĆFHJRQDPLċG]\QDURGRZ\PORWQLVNX Z+RQROXOXWZRU]RQHVĆWDNE\PRīOLZHE\âRğOHG]HQLHGRNRQ\ZDQ\FK SU]H]Xī\WNRZQLNyZ]PLDQQDVWURQDFKRSLV\ZDQ\FKXSURV]F]RQ\P Mċ]\NLHP]QDF]QLNyZSR]ZDODMĆF\PQDâDWZHGRGDZDQLHSRJUXELHĕ SRFK\OHĕF]\WDEHOEH]NRQLHF]QRğFLQDXNLSHâQHMVNâDGQLMċ]\ND+70/ ,GHDVWURQZLNL]RVWDâDSRUD]SLHUZV]\SRND]DQDZURNXSU]H] :DUGD&XQQLQJKDPDNWyU\QD]ZDâVZRMHG]LHâR:LNL:LNL:HE ,GHD:LNL:LNL:HEE\âDDWUDNF\MQ\PZ\ERUHPGODZLHOXSU]HGVLċ ELRUFyZLZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQRMĆGRNRPXQLNDFMLZVSyOQHJRUR]ZLMDQLD SRP\VâyZEXGRZDQLDGRNXPHQWDFMLZ,QWUDQHFLHLGRG]LğVWDQRZL LVWRWQ\HOHPHQWZLHOXSURMHNWyZ]ZLĆ]DQ\FK]]DU]ĆG]DQLHPZLHG]Ć *UXG]HZVNLL+HMGXN*UXG]HZVNLL+HMGXN1RJDOVNL L.RZDOF]\N -HMSRSXODUQRğýMHV]F]HZ]UDVWDâDNLHG\-LPP\ Å-LPERµ:DOHVyZF]HVQ\G\UHNWRU]DU]ĆG]DMĆF\ÀUP\%RPLV,QFXUX FKRPLâZURNXSURMHNWHQF\NORSHGLLLQWHUQHWRZHMRQD]ZLH1XSHGLD 1XSHGLDPLDâDE\ýHQF\NORSHGLĆLQWHUQHWRZĆREH]SâDWQLHGRVWċS QHM]DZDUWRğFLSLVDQĆSU]H]HNVSHUWyZ&KFĆFGRUyZQDýVWDQGDUGRP UHSUH]HQWRZDQ\PSU]H]WUDG\F\MQHHQF\NORSHGLHWZyUF\1XSHGLL ]DZDUOLZVZRLPSURMHNFLHLGHċUHFHQ]MLQDXNRZHM]DPLDVWPHFKDQL ]PyZZLNL&Dâ\VHUZLVRSDUW\E\âQD]DâRīHQLXīHMHJR]DZDUWRğý PLDâDE\ýWZRU]RQDSU]H]QDXNRZFyZ]DGDUPRZUDPDFKSUDF\SUR SXEOLFRERQR 1RZDHQF\NORSHGLDUR]ZLMDâDVLċZ\MĆWNRZRZROQRZLċF/DUU\6DQ JHU]DWUXGQLRQ\SU]H]:DOHVDE\QDG]RURZDýSUDFHQDGQLĆSHâQLĆF\ WHīIXQNFMċUHGDNWRUDQDF]HOQHJRSRGMĆâSRP\Vâ]DSURSRQRZDQ\SU]H] %HQD.RYLW]DL]DVXJHURZDâE\GRWZRU]HQLDPDWHULDâyZHQF\NORSH G\F]Q\FK]DSU]ĆFRSURJUDPRZDQLHLLGHċZLNL3RP\VâWHQE\â]JRGQ\ ]]DâRīHQLDPL:DOHVDPyZLĆF\PLRVWZRU]HQLXHG\WRZDOQHMLRJyOQR GRVWċSQHMHQF\NORSHGLLZLċFZVW\F]QLXURNXXUXFKRPLRQR VHUZLVLQWHUQHWRZ\:LNLSHGLDFRPSRF]ĆWNRZRPDMĆF\VSHâQLDýIXQNFMċ JHQHUDWRUDWUHğFLGOD1XSHGLL 3RP\VâRND]DâVLċSUDZLHQDW\FKPLDVWRZ\PVXNFHVHP:SLHUZV]\P URNXG]LDâDQLDZ:LNLSHGLLVWZRU]RQRRNRâRW\VLċF\ZSLVyZZGUXJLP ²MXīW\VLċF\:W\PF]DVLH1XSLHGLDDOERPLDâDSUREOHP]GRWDU FLHPGRğURGRZLVNDNDGHPLFNLFKDOERğURGRZLVNDWHQLHSU]HMPRZDâ\
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Liczba haseł na angielskiej Wikipedii, grafika autorstwa HenkvD, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EnwikipediaArt.PNG
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... SRNU\ZDMĆF\PVZRLP]DVLċJLHPURGRZLW\FKXī\WNRZQLNyZMċ]\ND V]yVWDORNDWD FRMHVWMHV]F]HEDUG]LHM]DVNDNXMĆFHELRUĆFSRGXZDJċ īHMċ]\NDQJLHOVNLMHVWQDMSRSXODUQLHMV]\PMċ]\NLHPREF\PQDğZLHFLH ZVSyâF]HVQ\POLQJXDIUDQFD$QLMċ]\NSROVNLDQLKROHQGHUVNLQLHVĆ SRSXODUQHMDNRMċ]\NLREFH Angielska Wikipedia w porównaniu z pozostałymi z 10 największych projektów językowych
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Liczba tygodni pomiędzy kolejnymi 10 milionami edycji, na podstawie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Katalaveno/TBE (dane z 2 września 2012)
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... *UXS\W\SRZHGOD:LNLSHGLLIRUPXMĆVLċQDRNRâRW\SRZ\FK]DGDĕ 'ODSU]\NâDGXF]ċğýZLNLSHG\VWyZGHNODUXMHMDNRVZRMHW\SRZH]DMċFLH Å]ZDOF]DQLHZDQGDOL]PXµOXEÅSDWURORZDQLHRVWDWQLFK]PLDQµVSHFMD OL]XMHVLċZVSUDZG]DQLXHG\FMLLQQ\FKSLV]ĆF\FKF]ċVWRNRQFHQWUXMĆF VLċQDHG\FMDFKXī\WNRZQLNyZDQRQLPRZ\FK'ODWHJRZâDğQLHZLHOX GRZFLSQLVLyZZLG]LMDNLFKZDQGDOL]P\VĆXVXZDQHZSU]HFLĆJXPLQXW F]\QDZHWVHNXQGRGZVWDZLHQLDGR:LNLSHGLLZLHOXZLNLSHG\VWyZ SU]HJOĆGDZV]\VWNLHRVWDWQLRGRNRQDQHZSURMHNFLH]PLDQ\LNRQFHQ WUXMHVLċV]F]HJyOQLHQDG]LDâDQLDFKQLH]DUHMHVWURZDQ\FKOXEğZLHīR ]DUHMHVWURZDQ\FKXī\WNRZQLNyZ=DSRPRFĆRSURJUDPRZDQLDZVSLH UDMĆFHJR]ZDOF]DQLHZDQGDOL]PyZF]\QQRğýWDQDELHUD]QDF]HQLDVSR âHF]QRğFLRZHJR*HLJHUL5LEHV ]DUyZQRMDNRHOHPHQWVSDMDMĆF\ JUXSċJG\īJċVWHVLHFLZ\QDJUDG]DMĆVSRâHF]QLHW\FKNWyU]\NDU]ĆRVRE\ QDUXV]DMĆFHQRUP\3LVNRUVNLL*RUEDWDL MDNLSRND]]UċF]QRğFL :LNLSHGLLZHOLPLQRZDQLXEâċGyZ ,VWQLHMĆRVRE\RSLHNXMĆFHVLċQRZ\PLHG\WRUDPLZLWDMĆFHLFKZSUR MHNFLHLZSURZDG]DMĆFHZğZLDW]DVDG:LNLSHGLL&]ċğýXī\WNRZQLNyZ VSHFMDOL]XMHVLċZRNUHğORQ\FKG]LHG]LQDFKZLHG]\LWZRU]\ZLNLSURMHNW\ RUD]SRUWDOHVNXSLDMĆFHJUXS\OXG]L]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKRNUHğORQ\P]D JDGQLHQLHPSU]\F]\P]DJDGQLHQLDFHFKXMĆVLċGXīĆUyīQRURGQRğFLĆ ²PRīHWRE\ýSLâNDQRīQDVRFMRORJLDJU\53*F]\NROHMQLFWZR :LNL SURMHNW\RGJU\ZDMĆ]QDF]ĆFĆUROċZJUXSRZDQLXXī\WNRZQLNyZRRNUHğ ORQHMVSHFMDOL]DFMLSR]ZDODMĆFQDXVWUXNWXUDOL]RZDQLHLNRRUG\QDFMċ SUDFUHGDNWRUVNLFK)RUWHLLQ 6SHFMDOL]DFMDZLNLSURMHNWyZ PRīHSU]\EUDýUyZQLHīIRUPċSLOQRZDQLDQLHNWyU\FKDVSHNWyZWHFK QLF]Q\FK:LNLSHGLLWDNLFKMDNWZRU]HQLHLQIRERNVyZSLVDQLHERWyZ GRRNUHğORQ\FK]DGDĕF]\SLOQRZDQLHNDWHJRU\]DFMLKDVHâ 2F]\ZLğFLHSRMDZLDMĆVLċWHīLQQHPQLHMRÀFMDOQHIRUP\VSHFMDOL ]DFML'ODSU]\NâDGXSHZQDOLF]EDXī\WNRZQLNyZUHJXODUQLHG\VNXWXMH QDG]DVDGDPLSURMHNWXZÅ.DZLDUHQFHµVZRLVW\PIRUXPG\VNXV\MQ\P SRğZLċFRQ\PSRV]F]HJyOQ\PDVSHNWRPUR]ZRMX:LNLSHGLL,QQLXF]HVW QLF]ĆZG\VNXVMDFKQDGHQF\NORSHG\F]QRğFLĆDUW\NXâyZ0LPRīHGOD ZLHOXWHPDWyZLVWQLHMĆNU\WHULDHQF\NORSHG\F]QRğFL]DZV]HVĆSU]\ SDGNLJUDQLF]QHJG]LHDUJXPHQWDFMD]DSR]RVWDZLHQLHPXVXQLċFLHP DOERQDSUDZĆDUW\NXâXEĆGĩWHīSRâĆF]HQLDJR]LQQ\PKDVâHPPXVLE\ý SU]HP\ğODQD'HF\GRZDQLHRW\PNWyUHDUW\NXâ\PDMĆE\ýZ\HNVSRQR ZDQHQDJâyZQHMVWURQLH:LNLSHGLLXDNWXDOQLDQHMFRG]LHQQLHUyZQLHī Z\PDJD]DDQJDīRZDQLDF]ċğFLVSRâHF]QRğFLVNâDGDMĆFHMVLċ]ZLHOX UHJXODUQLHHG\WXMĆF\FKOXG]L3U]\]QDQLHKDVâXVWDWXVXÅPHGDORZHJRµ
WIKIPEDIA W TELEGRAFICZNYM SKRÓCIE: LICZBY, ZASADY, EDYTORZY MHVWU]DGNLPZ\UyīQLHQLHP²DNWXDOQLHZDQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLLMHVW PQLHMQLīWU]\W\VLĆFHKDVHâRW\PVWDWXVLHFRR]QDF]DīHGRZ\Uyī QLHQLDNZDOLÀNXMHVLċPQLHMQLīMHGQDW\VLċF]QDZSLVyZ 3RGREQLH SU]\]QDQLHVWDWXVXÅGREUHJRDUW\NXâXµRGE\ZDVLċSRDSUREDFLHVSR âHF]QRğFLJG]LHZG\VNXVMLUyZQLHīF]ċVWRVSHFMDOL]XMĆVLċRNUHğORQH RVRE\:DQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLLMHVWQLHFDâHW\VLċF\ÅGREU\FKDUW\NXâyZµ SU]\F]\PDUW\NXâ\ÅPHGDORZHµQLHVĆMXī]DOLF]DQHGRJURQDÅGR EU\FKµ 1DGDQLHWDNLHJRVWDWXVXKDVâXQLHMHVWQLHRGZRâDOQH²SUDZLH W\VLĆFKDVHâVWUDFLâRVWDWXVÅPHGDORZ\FKµ]XZDJLQDQLHVSHâQLDQLH DNWXDOQ\FKNU\WHULyZSU]\MċW\FKZSURMHNFLH 5yīQRURGQRğýG]LDâDĕLREV]DUyZZNWyU\FKGRFKRG]LGRLQWHUDNFML PLċG]\ZLNLSHG\VWDPLMHVWZ\VRND']LċNLWHPXNDīGHPXXī\WNRZQL NRZLWZRU]\VLċPRīOLZRğýSUDF\ZG]LHG]LQLHZNWyUHMPRīQDZ\NRU]\ VWDýMHJRXPLHMċWQRğFLDOHWHīGRFKRG]LGRUR]SUDV]DQLDNRQFHQWUDFML ZâDG]\RUJDQL]DF\MQHM,VWQLHMĆHG\WRU]\NWyU\FKJâyZQ\PVHQVHP E\FLDZLNLSHG\VWĆMHVWHG\WRZDQLHKDVHâOHF]SRZDīDQLHZSURMHNFLH EXGRZDQHMHVWQDLQWHUDNFMDFK]LQQ\PLLXF]HVWQLFWZLHZHZVSyOQ\FK G\VNXVMDFK)RUWHL%UXFNPDQ DSRGREQLHGRSR]\FMLZLQQ\FK VSRâHF]QRğFLDFKXī\WNRZQLF\PXV]ĆZ\ND]DýQLHW\ONRīHSRWUDÀĆ HG\WRZDýDOHWHīīHQDRGSRZLHGQLPSR]LRPLHZFKRG]ĆZLQWHUDNFMċ ]LQQ\PL:VSyâHG\WRZDQLH:LNLSHGLLSROHJDSU]HFLHīQDSURFHVLH QHJRFMRZDQLDLNRQVWUXRZDQLDZSLVyZXMDZQLDMĆF\FKZV]\VWNLH]QD F]ĆFHSXQNW\ZLG]HQLD.DQHLLQ ZâĆF]\ZV]\ZWRGRSXV]F]DO QRğýRNUHğORQ\FKĩUyGHâMDNWHīUyZQRZDīHQLHWHJRFRVWDQRZLGDQH QHXWUDOQHDFRQLHZLċFQDZHW]DGDQLDZ\GDMĆFHVLċPLHýFKDUDNWHU LQG\ZLGXDOQ\FKDUDNWHU\]XMĆVLċSHZQ\PLDVSHNWDPLZVSyâSUDF\ 3RQRZQLHQDOHī\GRGDýīHZLNLSHG\ğFLVĆWRZDU]\VF\1DZHWPLPR ]DSLVyZZSRGVWDZRZ\FK]DVDGDFKRW\PīH:LNLSHGLDQLHMHVWVLHFLĆ VSRâHF]QRğFLRZĆ]DğZLċNV]RğýZ\PLDQ]GDĕMHVW]ZLĆ]DQD]HQF\NOR SHGLĆLMHMUHGDJRZDQLHPLVWQLHMHV]HURNLZDFKODU]SURGXNFMLNXOWX URZHMSU]H]QDF]RQHMZ\âĆF]QLHGODLQQ\FKZLNLSHG\VWyZ0RīQDWHī RGQDOHĩýZLHOHKXPRU\VW\F]Q\FKHVHMyZLīDUWyZUR]XPLDQ\FKW\ONR SU]H]ZWDMHPQLF]RQ\FKZ\PLHQLDQ\FKZğUyGF]âRQNyZVSRâHF]QRğFL F]\WHOQLF\FKFĆF\SR]QDýWċF]ċğýZLNLSHG\MQHJRIRONORUXSRZLQQL
:DUWRQDGPLHQLýīHZJURQLHZ\UyīQLRQ\FKKDVHâVĆRSLV\SRZRMHQQHMKLVWRULL 3ROVNL>>HQ+LVWRU\RI3RODQG² @@ RUD]SROVNLHMNXOWXU\]RNUHVX,,ZRMQ\ ğZLDWRZHM>>HQ3ROLVKFXOWXUHGXULQJ:RUOG:DU,,@@
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ]DSR]QDýVLċ]]DZDUWRğFLĆNDWHJRULL>>HQ&DWHJRU\:LNLSHGLDKXPRU@@ >>.DWHJRULD+XPRUZLNLSHG\VWyZ@@ :LċNV]RğýZLNLSHG\VWyZQLHGâXJRSR]GRE\FLXSLHUZV]\FKV]OLIyZ ZSURMHNFLHWZRU]\VZRMĆVWURQċXī\WNRZQLNDVâXīĆFĆDXWRSUH]HQWDFML 3RVLDGDQLHWDNLHMVWURQ\PDLVWRWQHLPSOLNDFMHSUDNW\F]QH]XZDJLQD WRīHOLQNLGRQLHLVWQLHMĆF\FKVWURQNRORURZDQHVĆQDF]HUZRQRDRVRE\ ZVSyâRGSRZLHG]LDOQH]DSRZVWDQLHNDīGHMVWURQ\Z\PLHQLRQHVĆZMHM KLVWRULLLQDOLğFLHRVWDWQLFK]PLDQHG\FMH]DUHMHVWURZDQ\FKXī\WNRZ QLNyZQLHGRNRĕFDREH]QDQ\FK]HVSRâHF]QRğFLĆQDW\FKPLDVWVLċZ\ UyīQLDMĆLF]ċVWRXZDīDVLċMH]DZ\PDJDMĆFHXZDJL1LHSRVLDGDQLHVWURQ\ Xī\WNRZQLNDVNXWNXMHQDW\FKPLDVWRZ\PE\FLHPSRVWU]HJDQ\PZUROL QRZLFMXV]DOXEHNVWUDZDJDQFNLHJRUHGDNWRUD-HGQĆ]SLHUZV]\FKOHNFML NWyU\FKXG]LHOD:LNLSHGLDMHVWZLċFNRQLHF]QRğýVWZRU]HQLDRVRELVWHM VWURQ\MDNWHīVWURQ\G\VNXVMLRVRELVWHMVWURQ\NRQWDNWRZHM ,VWQLHMHZLHOH]DVDGRUJDQL]DFMLVWURQ\Xī\WNRZQLND1DMF]ċğFLHM Xī\WNRZQLF\RSLVXMĆVLHELHLVZRMH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDF]DVDPLZVSRPLQD MĆFWHīDVSHNW\]DZRGRZH&]ċVWRNRU]\VWDMĆ]W]ZXVHUERNVyZSU]HG VWDZLDMĆF\FKJUDÀF]QLHQLHNWyUHZâDğFLZRğFLXī\WNRZQLND3RODWHVĆ ]UyīQLFRZDQHLPRJĆRGQRVLýVLċGRUyOSHâQLRQ\FKZ:LNLSHGLLMċ]\NyZ ]DLQWHUHVRZDĕF]\SRJOĆGyZSROLW\F]Q\FKLUHOLJLMQ\FKNRSLDPRMH JR]HVWDZXXVHUERNVyZ]QDMGXMHVLċSRSUDZHMVWURQLH &]ċğý]QLFK MHVWQDZHWīDUWREOLZD/LF]EDXVHUERNVyZZ\ğZLHWODQ\FKQDVWURQLHMHVW UyīQRURGQD²QLHNWyU]\ZLNLSHG\ğFLZRJyOHLFKQLHVWRVXMĆLQQL]Dğ PDMĆLFKSRQDGVHWNċZâĆF]\ZV]\ZWRLQIRUPDFMHRÅSDWURQXVDFKµ ]HğZLDWD+DUU\·HJR3RWWHUD XOXELRQ\FKVHULDODFKWHOHZL]\MQ\FKF]\ QDZ\NDFKī\ZLHQLRZ\FK*G\E\SUyERZDýWXZ\]QDF]\ýMDNĆNROZLHN SUDZLGâRZRğýWRXī\WNRZQLF\GHNODUXMĆF\UDG\NDOQHSRJOĆG\OXE V\PSDW\]XMĆF\]HVNUDMQ\PLSUDNW\NDPLPDMĆPQLHMV]HV]DQVHQD SRSDUFLHZMDNLPNROZLHNJâRVRZDQLX=GDU]DâRVLċīHGHNODUDFMHSROL W\F]QHOXEZ\]QDQLRZHZ\VWDUF]Dâ\E\VNXWHF]QLHXğPLHUFLýZQLRVHN RQDGDQLHXSUDZQLHĕDGPLQLVWUDF\MQ\FKJG\īSU]HFLZQLF\XZDīDOL īHQDZHWJG\E\NDQG\GDWE\âZVWDQLHRGâRī\ýVZRMHV\PSDWLHQDERN SU]\FRG]LHQQHMSUDF\LQQLXī\WNRZQLF\PRJOLE\EâċGQLH]DNâDGDýīH ]RVWDOLQLHZâDğFLZLHSRWUDNWRZDQL]XZDJLQDSU]HNRQDQLDRZHM
3HâQDOLVWDXVHUERNVyZGRVWċSQ\FKGODUHGDNWRUyZDQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLLGR VWċSQDMHVWSRGDGUHVHPKWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL:LNLSHGLD8VHUER[HV*DOOHU\ ZSROVNLHM:LNLSHGLL]Dğ²KWWSSOZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL:LNLSHGLD8VHUERNV\
WIKIPEDIA W TELEGRAFICZNYM SKRÓCIE: LICZBY, ZASADY, EDYTORZY RVRE\'RGDWNRZRNRU]\VWD QLH]SU]HVDGQLHGXīHMOLF]E\ XVHUERNVyZQDVWURQLHXī\WNRZ QLND MHVW PQLHM SRSXODUQH ZğUyGGRğZLDGF]RQ\FKZLNLSH G\VWyZ 1LHLVWQLHMHVWDQGDUGRZ\ ]HVWDZXVHUERNVyZOHF]ZLHOX ZLNLSHG\VWyZRJâDV]DZWHQ VSRVyESRVLDGDQLHZGDQ\PSUR MHNFLHOXESR]DQLPRNUHğOR Q\FKXSUDZQLHĕDGPLQLVWUD WRUELXURNUDWDLWGZV]\VWNLH RSLVDQHZNROHMQ\PUR]G]LDOH 1LHNWyU]\RWZDUFLHGHNODUXMĆ WHīIDNWQLHE\FLDDGPLQLVWUD WRUHPFKRýF]DVHPMHVWWRUyZ QR]QDF]QH]QDU]HNDQLHPQD DNWXDOQ\REUD]VSRâHF]QRğFL -HGQ\P]QDMF]ċğFLHMVWRVRZD Q\FKERNVyZMHVWW]ZZLHīD %DEHO3R]ZDODRQDXī\WNRZ QLNRPQDSRZLDGRPLHQLHLQ Q\FKRVZRLFKXPLHMċWQRğFLDFK Mċ]\NRZ\FKZZLċNV]RğFLSUR MHNWyZZVNDOLRGEUDNPRī OLZRğFL NRPXQLNRZDQLD VLċ ZGDQ\PMċ]\NX GRSR]LRP EOLVNLURGRZLWHPXXī\WNRZQL NRZL L1Mċ]\NRMF]\VW\ :LHīD %DEHORUD]GHNODUDFMHSHâQLR Q\FKZSURMHNFLHIXQNFMLLQDGD Q\FKXSUDZQLHĕVĆW\SRZHGOD ZLċNV]RğFLSURMHNWyZ:LNLPH GLD3RGREQLHQLHPDOXQLZHU VDOQDMHVWPRīOLZRğýSRGDQLD SâFL²ZXVHUERNVLHDOERRVWDW QLRZXVWDZLHQLDFKNRQWDXī\W NRZQLNDFRGRGDWNRZRXPRī
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... OLZLDRGPLHQQHZ\V\âDQLHDXWRPDW\F]Q\FKZLDGRPRğFLGRNRELHW LPċīF]\]Q:LċNV]RğýXī\WNRZQLNyZQLHNRU]\VWDMHGQDN]WHMRSFML 3R]RVWDâHXVHUERNV\WZRU]RQH VĆVSRQWDQLF]QLHZSRV]F]HJyO Q\FKSURMHNWDFKMHğOLQDGHMG]LH WDNDSRWU]HEDDZ]DVLċJXUċ NLQLHPDQLNRJRNWRSRPyJâE\ ZW\P]DGDQLX1LHMHVWWRFLċī NLHZ\]ZDQLHOHF]Z\PDJDSR QDGSRGVWDZRZHJR]UR]XPLHQLD NRGXXī\ZDQHJRZ:LNLSHGLL LNRQVWUXNFMLVWURQSURMHNWX² QDZHWZQDMSURVWV]HMZHUVMLXVHU ERNVXSRZLQQDSRMDZLýVLċRGSR ZLHGQLRSU]HVNDORZDQDJUDÀND DMHJRZVWDZLHQLHQDVWURQċSR ZLQQRDXWRPDW\F]QLHJHQHUR ZDýZSLVZRGSRZLHGQLHMNDWHJRULLJUXSXMĆFHMXī\WNRZQLNyZRW\FK VDP\FK]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDFKF]\SRJOĆGDFK:SROVNLHM:LNLSHGLLVWZRU]\ âHPNLONDQDğFLHXVHUERNVyZDJG\GRâĆF]\âHPGRJURQDHG\WRUyZZHUVML DQJLHOVNLHM]DXZDī\âHPīHEUDNRZDâRWDPLQIRUPDFMLRXī\WNRZQLNDFK ýZLF]ĆF\FKNDUDWHLWDHNZRQGRZLċFSU]\JRWRZDâHPRE\GZDXVHUERNV\ :LċNV]RğýXī\WNRZQLNyZUR]ZLMDVZRMHVWURQ\RVRELVWHVWRSQLRZR REVHUZXMĆFEDUG]LHMGRğZLDGF]RQ\FKHG\WRUyZ.RSLRZDQLHIUDJPHQ WyZNRGXLXF]HQLHVLċWHFKQLF]Q\FKV]WXF]HNSU]H]LPLWDFMċWRV]HURNR SU]\MċWDQRUPDRGJU\ZDMĆFD]QDF]ĆFĆUROċZHQNXOWXUDFMLG]LDâDMĆFD SRGREQLHGRSRGJOĆGDQLDHG\FMLLQQ\FKRVyEZDUW\NXâDFK :LHOXEDUG]LHM]DDZDQVRZDQ\FKXī\WNRZQLNyZEXGXMHVZRMH VWURQ\RVRELVWHRSLHUDMĆFVLċQD]DDZDQVRZDQHMVNâDGQLQSGRGDMĆF RSâ\ZDMĆFHHOHPHQW\DQLPDFMH]DJQLHīGīDMĆFQDVWURQLHHOHPHQW\ ]LQQ\FKGRNXPHQWyZDXWRPDW\]XMĆFDUFKLZL]RZDQLHZLDGRPRğFL &KZDOHQLHVLċVZRLPLXPLHMċWQRğFLDPL]GHF\GRZDQLHRGJU\ZDZDīQĆ UROċLVâXī\SU]HGVWDZLDQLXZâDğFLFLHODWDNLHMVWURQ\MDNRRVRE\GRğZLDG F]RQHMEXGRZDQLXMHMUHSXWDFML.LONDUD]\QDZHWE\âHP]DS\WDQ\ RSURVWĆV]WXF]NċWHFKQLF]QĆNWyUĆZ\NRU]\VWDâHPQDVZRMHMVWURQLH Xī\WNRZQLNDDNWyUDSROHJDâDQDZVWDZLHQLXOLF]QLNDZ\ğZLHWODMĆFHJR OLF]EċVHNXQGRGPRMHJRQDURG]HQLDDNWXDOL]RZDQHJRSU]\NDīG\P ZF]\WDQLXVWURQ\%\âHPRWRS\WDQ\PLċG]\LQQ\PLGODWHJRīHNRG
WIKIPEDIA W TELEGRAFICZNYM SKRÓCIE: LICZBY, ZASADY, EDYTORZY RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\]DOLF]QLNWUXGQRMHVWVNRSLRZDýEH]SRSUDZHNLNRQ VXOWDFML²MHVWZQLPXNU\WDPRMDGDWDXURG]HQLD 6WURQDXī\WNRZQLNDWRUyZQLHīPLHMVFHSUH]HQWRZDQLDRVLĆJQLċý LZ\UyīQLHĕ]DSUDFċGOD:LNLSHGLL2SUyF]]QDF]QHJRZNâDGXZSRZVWD QLHOXEUR]EXGRZċPHGDORZ\FKLGREU\FKDUW\NXâyZLVWQLHMHFDâ\V]HUHJ RVLĆJQLċýNWyU\PLPRīQDVLċSRFKZDOLý6ĆRQHUDF]HM]GH]RUJDQL]R ZDQHQLīSRXNâDGDQHLZNDīG\PSURMHNFLHZ\JOĆGDMĆLQDF]HM(G\WR U]\DQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLLF]ċVWRNRU]\VWDMĆ]ÅQDJUyG]D]DVâXJLµ >>HQ:36HUYLFHDZDUGV@@ NWyUHQDOHīQHVĆXī\WNRZQLNRPZ]DOHī QRğFLRGLORğFLGRNRQDQ\FKHG\FMLLVWDīXZSURMHNFLH1DJURGDZ\VWċSXMH ZRGVâRQDFK]NWyU\FKQDMZ\īV]D9DQJXDUG(GLWRU(G\WRU6WUDī\ 3U]HGQLHM Z\PDJDRGSU]\V]â\FKMHM]GRE\ZFyZGRNRQDQLDW\VLċF\ HG\FMLLVSċG]HQLDODWQDHG\WRZDQLX:LNLSHGLL
Odznaka Vanguard Editor ĨUyGâRKWWSHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL)LOH(GLWRUBBODSLVBPDWWHUBLLLMSJ
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... OHF]UyZQLHīQDJURG\LRG]QDF]HQLDZ\ZRâXMĆSR]\W\ZQHHIHNW\VSR âHF]QRğFLRZHNWyUHZLQQ\FKJUXSDFKRRWZDUW\PPRGHOXZVSyâSUDF\ PRJâ\QLH]RVWDýGRFHQLRQHZWDNV]HURNLP]DNUHVLH.ULSOHDQLLQ 3ROLW\NDSRVWU]HJDQDMDNRV]WXNDEXGRZDQLDUHSXWDFMLRGJU\ZD ZDīQĆUROċZ:LNLSHGLLSRGREQLHGRVSRâHF]QRğFLZVSyâNRQVXPSFML %RWVPDQL5RJHUV 0LPRLVWQLHQLDWDNLHJRQLHIRUPDOQHJRV\VWHPXEXGRZDQLDLRGQDM G\ZDQLDVWDWXVXZVSRâHF]QRğFLMDNWHīSUDFQDGZâDVQ\PZL]HUXQNLHP :LNLSHGLDPDZDFKODU]IRUPDOQ\FKUyO]RUJDQL]RZDQ\FKZV\VWHP SDUDKLHUDUFKLF]Q\RUD]DQW\KLHUDUFKLF]Q\6ĆRQHWHPDWHPNROHMQHJR UR]G]LDâX
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checkuser administrator
steward
biurokrata rewizor
Typowe ścieżki zaangażowania dla najpopularniejszych ról społecznościowych: wybór na administratora jest zwykle pierwszym krokiem do stania się checkuserem lub rewizorem (choć nie jest on formalnie wymagany, to stosuje się go w praktyce, zawsze niezbędny jest natomiast dla podjęcia funkcji biurokraty). Role wyższego zaufania to biurokrata, checkuser i rewizor, które można przyjmować wewnątrz projektu, z tym że dwie ostatnie wymagają uwierzytelnienia tożsamości przed Wikimedia Foundation oraz pełnoletniości. Rola stewarda, uprawniająca do odbierania uprawnień oraz dająca dostęp do wszystkich narzędzi technicznych właściwych dla pozostałych ról społecznościowych we wszystkich projektach, lecz zakazująca używania ich w sposób naruszający lokalne reguły, nie wymaga teoretycznie doświadczenia w którejkolwiek z ról wyższego zaufania, lecz w praktyce doświadczenie w co najmniej jednej z nich jest typowym oczekiwaniem w stosunku do kandydujących.
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Liczba składanych rocznie wniosków o nadanie uprawnień administratora angielskiej Wikipedii ĨUyGâRRSUDFRZDQLHZâDVQH
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127
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129
WIELKI BRAT PATRZY
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132
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WIELKI BRAT PATRZY ]DFKRG]ĆFHZ:LNLSHGLLVĆ]DSLV\ZDQHLğFLğOHNRQWURORZDQH-HīHOL SRUyZQDOLE\ğP\WRGR]Z\NâHJRī\FLDRGSRZLDGDâRE\WRFLĆJâHPX SRGJOĆGRZL]DSRğUHGQLFWZHPNDPHUÀOPXMĆF\FKNDīG\UXFKLEH] WHUPLQRZRXGRVWċSQLDMĆF\FKQDJUDQLHSR]RVWDâ\PRE\ZDWHORP:W\P VHQVLH:LNLSHGLDSU]\SRPLQD3DQRSW\NRQ)RXFDXOW F]\RWZDUWĆ SU]HVWU]HĕELXURZĆNDīG\REVHUZXMHNDīGHJRDZV]\VWNLHG]LDâDQLD VĆ]DSLV\ZDQHQDZLHF]QRğý &KRýSU]\MċW\V\VWHPVNXWHF]QLHRGJU\ZDUROċUyZQRZDīĆFĆZRO QRğýHG\WRZDQLDLRFKURQċSU]HGGHVWUXNW\ZQ\PL]DFKRZDQLDPLQD SHZQRPRFQRZSâ\ZDQD]DFKRZDQLHVLċXī\WNRZQLNyZ:LNLSHGLL QDZHWMHğOLNZHVWLDNRQWUROLQLHMHVWZHUEDOL]RZDQDDRÀFMDOQLH]DVDG\ SURPXMĆZROQRğýLHJDOLWDU\]P.DīGĆUR]PRZċZ:LNLSHGLLSURZDG]L VLċZSyâRÀFMDOQ\PVW\OXZW\PUR]XPLHQLXīHMHVWRQDGRVWċSQDGOD ZV]\VWNLFK]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKMDNWHīīHSU]HFKRZXMHVLċMĆFHOHPNRQ WUROLVSRâHF]QHM=DSURV]HQLHGRNRQW\QXRZDQLDUR]PRZ\SR]DRÀFMDO Q\PLNDQDâDPL:LNLSHGLLQSSU]\Xī\FLXNRPXQLNDWRUDLQWHUQHWRZHJR QLHMHVWVWRVRZDQHLSRVWU]HJDVLċMHMDNRSRWHQFMDOQĆGURJċGRQDJLQDQLD ]DVDG3RGREQLHQDZHWÅRVRELVWHµZ\PLDQ\]GDĕQDVWURQDFKG\VNXVML Xī\WNRZQLNyZSRZLQQRVLċSURZDG]LýZJâyZQ\PMċ]\NXSURMHNWX 3URZDG]LWRQDSU]\NâDGGRV\WXDFMLZNWyU\FKGZDM3RODF\SURZDG]Ć G\VNXVMċZMċ]\NXDQJLHOVNLPQDğUHGQLPSR]LRPLHMċ]\NRZ\PJG\ī G\VNXVMDRGE\ZDVLċZ:LNLPHGLD&RPPRQVFHQWUDOQ\PUHSR]\WRULXP SOLNyZPXOWLPHGLDOQ\FKGODZV]\VWNLFKSURMHNWyZ:LNLPHGLD F]XMĆF SRWU]HEċ]DFKRZDQLDSU]HMU]\VWRğFLVZRMHMLQWHUDNFMLGODLQQ\FK'ĆīH QLHGRSU]HMU]\VWRğFLSR]EDZLDLQWHUDNFMHLFKSU\ZDWQHJRFKDUDNWHUX =SXQNWXZLG]HQLDNRQWUROLVSRâHF]QHMQLHMHVW]DVNDNXMĆFHīH ZğUyGZLNLSHG\VWyZNWyU]\QDZ]DMHPVLċQLH]QDMĆQLHLVWQLHMĆSUD ZLHīDGQHSU\ZDWQHNDQDâ\UHJXODUQHMLRJyOQLHX]QDQHMLQWHUDNFML SR]DSyâRÀFMDOQ\PLNDQDâDPL,5&Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQ\PLW\ONRSU]H] F]ċğýVSRâHF]QRğFLPRīOLZRğFLĆZ\VâDQLDZLDGRPRğFLHPDLOXī\WNRZ QLNRZLNWyU\JRG]LVLċQDWċIRUPċNRQWDNWXRUD]LQQ\PLğURGNDPL WHFKQLF]Q\PLPDMĆF\PLMHGQDNFKDUDNWHUSXEOLF]Q\MDNOLVW\G\VNX V\MQH-DNMXīZVSRPQLDQRZMHGQ\P]SRSU]HGQLFKUR]G]LDâyZOLVW\ G\VNXV\MQHDGPLQLVWUDWRUyZRUD]VWHZDUGyZU]HF]QLNyZLWG VĆ U]DGNLPLSU]\NâDGDPLNDQDâyZNRPXQLNDFMLJG]LHQLHIRUVXMHVLċ
1DOHī\]D]QDF]\ýīH]DVDG\:LNLSHGLLQLHGRW\F]ĆNRPXQLNDFMLQDNDQDâDFK ,5&LRWZDUW\FKOLVWDFKG\VNXV\MQ\FKFKRýNDQDâ\WHQLHVĆWDNSXEOLF]QHMDN LQWHUDNFMHZVDPHM:LNLSHGLL
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ]DVDGSU]HMU]\VWRğFLLGRVWċSXSXEOLF]QHJR6WDQRZLĆRQHMHGQDNZ\ MĆWHNRGUHJXâ\DQDOHī\GRGDWNRZR]D]QDF]\ýīHSRUXV]DQLHQDQLFK NZHVWLLQLHVWDQRZLĆF\FKEH]SRğUHGQLRRELHNWX]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDZ\ âĆF]QLHGDQHMOLVW\G\VNXV\MQHMVâXīĆFHMGRG\VNXVMLQDGG]LDâDQLDPL DGPLQLVWUDWRUyZQLH]DğLQQ\FKNZHVWLLZV]F]HJyOQRğFL]DVDGLLFK ]PLDQJG\īWHZ\PDJDMĆ]JRG\RJyâXVSRâHF]QRğFL MHVWĩOHZLG]LDQH
KONTROLA PRZEZ STRUKTURĘ WYPOWIEDZI =DVNDNXMĆFDUyīQLFDPLċG]\SROVNĆDDQJLHOVNĆ:LNLSHGLĆOHī\ZVSR VRELHSURZDG]HQLDZ\PLDQ\]GDĕQDVWURQDFKG\VNXVMLFRSU]HNâDGD VLċQDVSRVyEVSUDZRZDQLDNRQWUROLVSRâHF]QHM2SURJUDPRZDQLH 0HGLD:LNL]DU]ĆG]DMĆFHRE\GZRPDSURMHNWDPLSR]ZDODQDLQIRUPR ZDQLHXī\WNRZQLNDRSRMDZLHQLXVLċQRZHMZLDGRPRğFLJG\MHJR VWURQDG\VNXVML]RVWDQLH]PRG\ÀNRZDQD2F]\ZLğFLHPDWRQLH]DSU]H F]DOQH]DOHW\GODRVyESRMDZLDMĆF\FKVLċZ:LNLSHGLLSRZLDGDPLDMĆF LFKīHNWRğFKFH]ZUyFLýQDVLHELHLFKXZDJċ:SROVNLHM:LNLSHGLLIXQN FMċWċZ\NRU]\VWXMHVLċQDMSUDZGRSRGREQLHM]JRGQLH]SU]H]QDF]HQLHP VWURQ\G\VNXVMLXī\WNRZQLNyZVâXīĆ]DV\VWHPSRZLDGDPLDQLDVDPH ZLDGRPRğFLVĆZLGRF]QHSXEOLF]QLHOHF]QDGDQHMVWURQLHG\VNXVML ]QDMGXMĆVLċZ\âĆF]QLHZLDGRPRğFLSU]H]QDF]RQHGODZâDğFLFLHODQLH ]DğMHJRRGSRZLHG]L -HğOLFKFċSR]RVWDZLýNRPXğZLDGRPRğýWR HG\WXMċMHJROXEMHMVWURQċG\VNXVMLLRF]HNXMċīHRGSRZLHQDPRMHM VWURQLHG\VNXVML-HğOLZ\PLDQD]GDĕMHVWGâXīV]DWRZHGZRMHZ\PLH QLDP\VLċZLDGRPRğFLDPLQDVWURQDFKG\VNXVML &RPRīHG]LZLýQDZHWSU]\Xī\FLXW\FKVDP\FKğURGNyZWHFKQLF] Q\FKV\VWHPWHQQLHIXQNFMRQXMHWDNVDPRSRZV]HFKQLHZDQJLHOVNLHM :LNLSHGLL7DPG\VNXVMċSURZDG]LVLċQDVWURQLHG\VNXVMLXī\WNRZQLND JG]LHRQDVLċUR]SRF]ċâD*G]LHNROZLHNSRGMċWRZĆWHNWRWDPPDE\ý RQNRQW\QXRZDQ\DXF]HVWQLF\G\VNXVMLVĆRGSRZLHG]LDOQL]DğOHG]HQLH F]\ZVSUDZLHSRZLHG]LDQRFRNROZLHNQRZHJR:SUDNW\FHZLGRF]Q\ HIHNWSU]\SRPLQDUDF]HMZĆWNLQDIRUXPQLīSXEOLF]QLHGRVWċSQ\ V\VWHPZ\PLDQ\ZLDGRPRğFL3RZRG\WDNLHJRSRGHMğFLDGRG\VNXVML SU]HGVWDZLDVWURQD]UDGDPLGODSRWHQFMDOQ\FKDGPLQLVWUDWRUyZ2G VW\F]QLDQDGDOZLGRF]QDZOXW\P E\âDWDPZLGRF]QDQD VWċSXMĆFDUDGDVWDQRZLĆFDMHGQĆ]G]LHVLċFLXU]HF]\SRWHQFMDOQLH ]DEyMF]\FKGODSURFHVX38$>>HQ:LNLSHGLD+RZWRSDVVDQ5I$@@
WIELKI BRAT PATRZY -HğOLMHVWHğW\SHPXī\WNRZQLNDNWyU\RGSRZLDGDQDNRPHQWDU]HQD VWURQLHG\VNXVMLLQQHJRXī\WNRZQLND35=(67$Ĕ7252%,ü7UXGQR MHVWRVRELHSU]HJOĆGDMĆFHMSUDZLGâRZRRFHQLý]DZDUWRğýWDNLHMVWURQ\ GRWHJRPRīHWRVNXWHF]QLH]QLZHF]\ý7ZRMHV]DQVHZ38$-HğOLNWRğ ZSLVXMHQD7ZRMĆVWURQċG\VNXVMLNU\W\NċDOERRVWU]HīHQLHGREU]HMHVW E\LQQLPLHOLV]DQVċ]REDF]\ý7ZRMĆRGSRZLHGĩDOERSXQNWZLG]HQLD 1LHFKFHV]īHE\PXVLHOLGRNRS\ZDýVLċGRSUDZG\
7DNLHSRGHMğFLHPDMHGQĆ]GHF\GRZDQĆZDGċLVWRWQĆV]F]HJyOQLH GODEDUG]RDNW\ZQ\FKXī\WNRZQLNyZQLHVĆRQLDXWRPDW\F]QLHSRZLD GDPLDQLRRGSRZLHG]LDFKQDSR]RVWDZLRQHLQQ\PZLDGRPRğFL=DPLDVW WHJRRF]HNXMHVLċRGQLFKGRGDQLDVWURQG\VNXVMLXī\WNRZQLNyZ]NWy U\PLZFKRG]ĆZLQWHUDNFMċGROLVW\VWURQREVHUZRZDQ\FKF]ċVWR]D ZLHUDMĆFHMG]LHVLĆWNLW\VLċF\GRNXPHQWyZ LUHDJRZDQLDQDSRMDZLDQLH VLċRGSRZLHG]LĞOHG]HQLHZV]\VWNLFKZĆWNyZG\VNXVMLZNWyU\FKELHU]H VLċXG]LDâMHVWZ\MĆWNRZRXFLĆīOLZHGODDNW\ZQ\FKZLNLSHG\VWyZ 'RGDWNRZRSURZDG]ĆFG\VNXVMċ]NLPğ]NLPSRUR]XPLHZDVLċZLċNV]D OLF]EDRVyEQDOHī\SU]HG]LHUDýVLċSU]H]ZV]\VWNLHZĆWNLG\VNXVML ZSRV]XNLZDQLXZâDğFLZHJR&]ċğýXī\WNRZQLNyZDQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLL UDG]LVRELH]W\PXG]LHODMĆFRGSRZLHG]LQDZâDVQHMVWURQLHG\VNXVML LLQIRUPXMĆFLQWHUORNXWRUDRIDNFLH]DUHDJRZDQLDQDMHJRVWURQLHOHF] WDNDSUDNW\NDQLHMHVWSU]\MċW\PVWDQGDUGHPZLċFQLHPRīQDRF]HNL ZDýWHJRVWRSQLDXSU]HMPRğFLRGZV]\VWNLFK 7DUyīQLFDVWDQRZLâDGODPQLHFK\EDMHGHQ]QDMZLċNV]\FKV]RNyZ NXOWXURZ\FKZVSRâHF]QRğFLZLUWXDOQHM]NWyU\PLPLDâHPGRF]\QLHQLD SRGRâĆF]HQLXGRJURQDRVyEHG\WXMĆF\FKDQJLHOVNĆZHUVMċ:LNLSHGLL ZPDUFXURNX8]QDâHPīHZLċNV]RğýDQJLHOVNLFKZLNLSHG\VWyZ WRPDVRFKLğFLDQLHFKċýGRVNRU]\VWDQLD]IXQNFMLSRZLDGDPLDQLD RQDGHMğFLXQRZHMZLDGRPRğFL²]DLU\WXMĆFHLQLHORJLF]QH3RSU]HP\ğ OHQLXMHGQDNXZDīDPīHZLHPGODF]HJRWDNZâDğQLHURELĆ 3U]\F]\Q\WDNLHJRSRVWċSRZDQLDZ\OLF]RQHVĆZHZVSRPQLDQ\P MXīHVHMX]DZLHUDMĆF\PUDG\GODSU]\V]â\FKDGPLQLVWUDWRUyZ'\VNXVMD PDSU]HELHJDýZMHGQ\PPLHMVFXNRV]WHPQLHZ\JRG\G\VNXWXMĆF\FK OHF]GODZ\JRG\SRVWURQQ\FKREVHUZDWRUyZNWyU]\PRJĆHJ]HNZRZDý NRQWUROċVSRâHF]QĆQDGZ\PLDQDPL]GDĕ:\NRU]\VW\ZDQLHIXQNFML RSURJUDPRZDQLD0HGLD:LNLX]QDZDQHMHVW]D]PXV]DQLHVSRâHF]QRğFL GRÅGRNRS\ZDQLDVLċSUDZG\µJG\īZLNLSHG\VWRPQLH]DDQJDīRZDQ\P ZG\VNXVMċWUXGQLHMMHVWMĆğOHG]Lý0RīOLZRğýNRQWURORZDQLDZ\PLDQ\
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ]GDĕZMHGQ\PPLHMVFXMHVWGODVSRâHF]QRğFLZDīQLHMV]DQLīâDWZRğý NRPXQLNDFMLGZyFKOXEZLċNV]HMOLF]E\ Xī\WNRZQLNyZ 6ĆG]ċīHMHVWWRW\SRZHGODUHODFMLPLċG]\HG\WRUDPLNRQWUROD]H VWURQ\ZVSyâUHGDNWRUyZHQF\NORSHGLLSU]HQLNDZV]\VWNLHIRUP\NRQ WDNWX]DğZV]\VWNRFRZ:LNLSHGLLSRZLHP\PRīHE\ýLEċG]LHXī\WH SU]HFLZNRQDPMHğOL]GDU]\QDPVLċSU]HNURF]\ýRNUHğORQHJUDQLFH 3U]\F]\QDGODNWyUHMNRQWURODWDQLHMHVWZ\ZLHUDQDZWDNVDPRVLOQ\P VWRSQLXZSROVNLHM:LNLSHGLLOHī\SUDZGRSRGREQLHZZLHONRğFLVSR âHF]QRğFL,PEDUG]LHMUR]SURV]RQDMHVWJUXSDLLPPQLHMSROHJDRQDQD SyâRVRELVWHMVLHFLXī\WNRZQLNyZNWyU\FKUR]SR]QDMHP\SU]\QDMPQLHM ]SVHXGRQLPXW\PZLċFHMNRQWUROLZ\PDJDV\VWHPVSRâHF]Q\:V]\VW NLHHG\FMHVĆLWDNPRQLWRURZDQH]DğZLHOXXī\WNRZQLNyZSROVNLHM :LNLSHGLLSU]\]Z\F]DMRQ\FKMHVWGRNRQLHF]QRğFLMHGQRF]HVQHJRF]\ WDQLDZLHOXVWURQG\VNXVMLE\PLHýFDâRğFLRZ\REUD]WRF]ĆFHMVLċ UR]PRZ\ :SRGREQ\PGXFKXREVHUZDFMLXī\WNRZQLNyZZLNLSHG\ğFLVLOQLH VSU]HFLZLDMĆVLċXVXZDQLXF]HJRNROZLHN]WRNXG\VNXVMLFK\EDīHVĆ NXWHPXVLOQHSRZRG\²FKRý]DNUHVÅVLOQHJRSRZRGXµMHVWFLĆJOH G\VNXWRZDQ\2ÀFMDOQD]DVDGD:LNLSHGLL>>HQ:LNLSHGLD1RSHUVRQDO DWWDFNV@@ZDQJLHOVNLHM:LNLSHGLLRGSRZLHGQLNSROVNLHMUHJXâ\>>:L NLSHGLDĪDGQ\FKRVRELVW\FKDWDNyZ@@Z\UDīDâDFDâRğýZSDĩG]LHUQLNX QDVWċSXMĆFR 1LHLVWQLHMHRÀFMDOQD]DVDGDPyZLĆFDRW\PNLHG\LF]\ZRJyOHQDOHī\ XVXZDýDWDNLRVRELVWHFKRýNZHVWLDE\âDV]HURNRG\VNXWRZDQD8VX QLċFLHMHGQR]QDF]Q\FKDWDNyZRVRELVW\FK]ZâDVQHMVWURQ\G\VNXVML U]DGNRZ\ZRâXMH]G]LZLHQLH1DLQQ\FKVWURQDFKG\VNXVMLV]F]HJyOQLH ZSU]\SDGNDFKJG\WHNVWREUDīDRNUHğORQHJRXī\WNRZQLNDMHJRXVX QLċFLHSRZLQQRRJUDQLF]DýVLċGRSU]\SDGNyZHZLGHQWQ\FKDWDNyZ RVRELVW\FK
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171
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ZLG]HQLDSU]HZDī\âJG\īMHGQR]QDMEDUG]LHMIXQGDPHQWDOQ\FKFKRý QLHZ\UDīRQ\FKEH]SRğUHGQLR]DâRīHĕ]DNRU]HQLRQ\FKZNXOWXU]HZL NLSHG\VWyZPyZLīHZV]\VF\PDMĆWDNLHVDPHV]DQVHQDVWDUFLH 7DNLHSRVWċSRZDQLHMHVWXFLHOHğQLHQLHPSUDZG]LZHMIRUP\ÅXF]HVW QLFWZDRE\ZDWHOVNLHJRµZNWyUHZLHU]\VSRâHF]QRğý²NDīG\MHVWUyZQ\ ]ZV]\VWNLPLSR]RVWDâ\PL6WDWXVL]DXIDQLHQDOHī\]GRE\ýZHZQĆWU] VSRâHF]QRğFLDSUyE\SyMğFLDQDVNUyW\QDSU]\NâDGSU]H]SU]\ZRâDQLH Z\VRNLHMSR]\FMLVSRâHF]QHMSR]D:LNLSHGLĆVĆJHQHUDOQLHĩOHZLG]LDQH &LNWyU]\VWDMĆVLċF\IURZ\PLSDULDVDPL]XZDJLQDU]HF]\ZLVWHOXE GRPQLHPDQHSU]HZLQ\OXEQLHSU]\VWRVRZDQLHVSRâHF]QHPRJĆSU]\ MĆýQRZĆWRīVDPRğýL]DF]ĆýRG]HUD .RQWURODZUR]XPLHQLXVSUDZG]DQLDUHIHUHQFMLLNRPSHWHQFMLIRU PDOQ\FK]DWHPQLHZ\VWċSXMHDQDZHWSXEOLF]QDNOċVND35SRGSRVWD FLĆVNDQGDOX(VVMD\DQLHVWDâDVLċZ\VWDUF]DMĆF\PX]DVDGQLHQLHPGR ]PLDQ\VWDWXVTXR3RGREQLHIRUP\NRQWUROLRNWyU\FKSRZVWDQLX VSHNXOXMHVLċZRUJDQL]DFMDFKKLHUDUFKLF]Q\FKWDNLHMDNNRQWURODWHFK QRNUDW\F]QD%XUULV ED]XMĆFHQDZLHG]\HNVSHUFNLHMXF]HVWQL NyZLMHG\QLHF]ċğFLRZRQDUHIHUHQFMDFK]DZRGRZ\FK VĆZRGQLHVLHQLX GR:LNLSHGLL]QDF]QLH]UHGXNRZDQHOXEQLHZ\VWċSXMĆ]XZDJLQD RGU]XFHQLHNRQWUROLUHIHUHQFMLMXīQDSRGVWDZRZ\PSR]LRPLH6WRLWR MHGQDNZMDVNUDZHMVSU]HF]QRğFL]RJyOQ\PSRGHMğFLHPGRNRQWUROL Z:LNLSHGLLRSLVDQ\PZSRSU]HGQLPUR]G]LDOHLRSDUW\PQDZLHOX]D VDGDFKELXURNUDW\F]Q\FKMDNWHīQD]DSLV\ZDQLXZV]\VWNLFKZ\SRZLHG]L LG]LDâDĕXF]HVWQLNyZ 2JyOQLH]DVLċJNRQWUROLUHIHUHQFMLZ\GDMHVLċZ:LNLSHGLLZ\MĆWNRZR RJUDQLF]RQ\SRGREQLHMDNPHFKDQL]PyZ]DXIDQLD]XSHâQLHRGPLHQQLH RGSR]RVWDâ\FKREV]DUyZNRQWUROLRUJDQL]DF\MQHMZ:LNLSHGLL
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Dodatek 1
METODYKA BADAŃ
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Dodatek 1: METODYKA BADAŃ SRFKRG]ĆFHJRRGDXWRUDMHVW]DUyZQRSRīĆGDQHMDNLPRīOLZHµ*ROGHQ %LGGOHL/RFNH 1DUUDFMDEDGDĕHWQRJUDÀF]Q\FKZWU]HFLHMRVRELHE\âDMXīNU\W\ NRZDQD+DVWUXS%DO'HQ]LQL/LQFROQ/LQFROQ L'HQ]LQ DGRWHJRQLHVLH]HVREĆU\]\NRīHÅZLHOH]]DSLVDQ\FK WUHğFLQLHVWDQRZLSRSURVWXFLHNDZHMOHNWXU\JG\īWU]\PDQLHVLċ SU]\MċWHJRPRGHOXZ\PDJDE\SLV]ĆF\XFLV]DOLZâDVQ\JâRVE\X]QD ZDOLVDP\FKVLHELH]DF]\QQLN]DQLHF]\V]F]DMĆF\WHNVWµ5LFKDUGVRQ OHF]GHF\]MDLWDNQLHMHVWâDWZD(WQRJUDÀDF]ċVWRE\âD NZHVWLRQRZDQDLX]QDZDQD]DPDMĆFĆSR]\FMċQLīV]ĆRGSR]RVWDâ\FK QDXNF]DVHPZUċF]EDODQVXMĆFĆQDNUDZċG]LÀNFML6LOYHUPDQ :HEVWHU ZLċFG\OHPDWMHVW]DLVWHQLHPDâ\ &RFLHNDZHDQWURSRORG]\VĆZVWDQLH]DXZDī\ýSROLW\F]QĆQDWXUċ WHJRSUREOHPX&OLIIRUGL0DUFXV HWQRJUDÀDMHVW]DZV]HVXELHN W\ZQDFKRýE\ZGRERU]HSUH]HQWRZDQ\FKF\WDWyZLRSLV\ZDQ\FK ]GDU]Hĕ3RGREQLHGRSR]RVWDâ\FKWHNVWyZQDXNRZ\FKHWQRJUDÀDQLH MHVWUDSRUWRZDQLHPRELHNW\ZQHMU]HF]\ZLVWRğFLDXVXQLċFLHDXWRUD ]SLVDQHJRSU]H]HĕWHNVWXQLHVSUDZLDE\Z\QLNLEDGDĕE\â\EDUG]LHM OXEPQLHMXJUXQWRZDQHMHVWWRSRSURVWXSU]HNRQXMĆFDVWUDWHJLD SROHJDMĆFDQDVFKRZDQLXDXWRUD]DSR]RUQLHEH]VWURQQĆQDUUDFMĆ:DW VRQ 0DWRPLHMVFHQDZHWZWDN²Z\GDZDâRE\VLċ²EH]RVRER Z\FKG]LHG]LQDFKZLHG]\MDNHNRQRPLD0F&ORVNH\ F]\QDXNL ğFLVâH/DWRXUL:RROJDU.QRUU&HWLQD )DNW\F]QLHÅQLH GDVLċXQLNQĆýFLċīDUXDXWRUVWZDRERMċWQLHMDNZLHONLHJRQLHPD PRīOLZRğFLSU]HQLHVLHQLDJRZREV]DU\PHWRG\µ*HHUW] :SU]\SDGNXZ\GDU]HĕNWyU\FKQDXNRZLHFQLHW\ONRE\âğZLDGNLHP OHF]UyZQLHīZNWyU\FKDNW\ZQLHXF]HVWQLF]\âZ\PD]DQLHSLHUZV]HM RVRE\]QDUUDFMLGODXF]F]HQLDWUDG\FMLOLWHUDWXU\QDXNRZHMZ\GDMHVLċ GRğýNRV]WRZQ\PSRVXQLċFLHP%RFKQHU %\ýPRīHZâDğQLHGODWHJRF]ċğýEDGDĕHWQRJUDÀF]Q\FKSURZDG]RQD MHVWZSLHUZV]HMRVRELH3RZGHUPDNHU 3RGREQLHF]ċVWRX]DVDG QLRQHMHVWSLVDQH]SHUVSHNW\Z\ÅMDµZHWQRJUDÀDFKRUJDQL]DF\MQ\FK &]DUQLDZVND -HVWWRLVWRWQHGODQDUUDFMLNWyUHVĆHIHNWHP EDGDĕDXWRHWQRJUDÀF]Q\FK$QGHUVRQ'HQ]LQ$IRQVR L7D\ORU DZNWyU\FKHWQRJUDISRGHMPXMHUHÁHNVMċQDGZâDVQ\PL GRğZLDGF]HQLDPL 3URPXMĆFWDNĆZâDğQLHORJLNċQLHSRGMĆâHPSUyE\Z\HOLPLQRZDQLD ZV]\VWNLFKSU]\SDGNyZQDUUDFMLZSLHUZV]HMRVRELHZQLQLHMV]HMNVLĆīFH 2SLVXMĆFVSRâHF]QRğý:LNLSHGLLDWDNīHZZLċNV]RğFLLQQ\FKSU]\SDGNyZ
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... QDUUDFMċSURZDG]ċZWU]HFLHMRVRELHMHGQDNSU]\ZRâXMĆF]GDU]HQLD ZNWyU\FKVDPE\âHPVWURQĆVWRVXMċHOHPHQW\ÅNRQIHV\MQHµ9DQ0DDQHQ ]DğF\WXMĆFZâDVQHGRğZLDGF]HQLDEĆGĩSRGMċWHGHF\]MH ZâĆF]QLH]QLQLHMV]\PUR]G]LDâHPLNZHVWLĆZ\ERUXPHWRG\EDGDZ F]HM ]GDU]DPLVLċFHOHPSRGNUHğOHQLDXF]HVWQLFWZDSU]HFKRG]LýGR QDUUDFMLSLHUZV]RRVRERZHM
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PYTANIA BADAWCZE 3RGREQLHGRZLċNV]RğFLMDNRğFLRZ\FKEDGDĕLQWHUSUHWDF\MQ\FK0DU VKDOOL5RVVPDQ QLQLHMV]\SURMHNWQLHZ\V]HGâRGOLVW\KLSRWH]GR VSUDZG]HQLDOHF]UDF]HMRGSRF]ĆWNRZ\FKS\WDĕ6LOYHUPDQ E-DNOXG]LHSRVWU]HJDMĆKLHUDUFKLċLEXGXMĆÅNDULHU\µZDKLHUDUFKLF] Q\PğURGRZLVNX"-DNHJ]HNZXMHVLċZâDG]ċLVWDWXVZSURMHNWDFK RRWZDUW\PXF]HVWQLFWZLH":MDNLVSRVyEVSUDZXMHVLċNRQWUROċ RUJDQL]DF\MQĆZğURGRZLVNDFKZLUWXDOQ\FKJG]LHQLHGRVWċSQHVĆ WUDG\F\MQHQDU]ċG]LDPRW\ZDFMLDWRīVDPRğFLVĆSâ\QQH" E-DNF]âRQNRZLHRWZDUW\FKSURMHNWyZRSDUW\FKQDZVSyâSUDF\UyZ QRZDīĆSRWU]HEċVSUDZG]DQLDUHIHUHQFML]DZRGRZ\FKL]DXIDQLD LQQ\PHG\WRURP]SURFHGXUDPLLRUJDQL]DFMĆ" E'ODF]HJRWZRU]\VLċLHJ]HNZXMHELXURNUDW\F]QHSU]HSLV\ZSyâ DQDUFKLF]QHMVSRâHF]QRğFLZLUWXDOQHMNWyUDGHNODUXMHVSU]HFLZ ZREHFWDNLFKSURFHGXU" E:MDNLVSRVyEVSRâHF]QRğýUR]SURV]RQ\FKZRORQWDULXV]\PRīH RGHEUDýXSUDZQLHQLDRUJDQL]DFML:LNLPHGLD)RXQGDWLRQ GHIDFWR SRVLDGDMĆFHM]DVRE\ZâĆF]QLH]SODWIRUPĆG]LċNLNWyUHMZRORQWD ULXV]HPRJĆVLċZ]DMHPQLHNRQWDNWRZDý" E-DNLHVĆ]DVDG\LSDUDG\JPDW\]DU]ĆG]DQLDQDNWyU\FKPRīQD RSU]HýIXQNFMRQRZDQLHZLUWXDOQHMVSRâHF]QRğFLED]XMĆFHMQDRWZDUWHM ZVSyâSUDF\" E-DNZRUJDQL]DFMLSRGNUHğODMĆFHMHJDOLWDUQRğýLVSU]HFLZLDMĆFHMVLċ SU]\ZyG]WZXIXQNFMRQXMĆDXWRU\WHW\LSU]\ZyGF\"
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Dodatek 2
PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII
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Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... PDWR]ZLĆ]HN]RPDZLDQĆVSUDZĆLQLHPRJĆVWDQRZLýSUyE\SU]HG VWDZLHQLDMDNLHJRğWHPDWX]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDWHMPQLHMV]RğFLPDMĆ RSLV\ZDýSXQNWZLG]HQLDDQLHRSLV\ZDýWHPDW]JRGQLH]W\PSU]H NRQDQLHP :V]F]HJyOQRğFLSRZLQQRE\ýMDVQHNWyUHF]ċğFLWHNVWX RSLVXMĆSXQNWZLG]HQLDPQLHMV]RğFLDNWyUHRJyOQLHSU]\MċW\SXQNW ZLG]HQLD2JyOQLHSU]\MċW\SXQNWZLG]HQLDPDE\ýRSLVDQ\QDW\OHV]F]H JyâRZRE\E\âRMDVQHF]\PVLċUyīQLRGWHJRUHSUH]HQWRZDQHJRSU]H] PQLHMV]Rğý]DğNRQWURZHUVMHJRGRW\F]ĆFHSRZLQQ\E\ýMDVQRZ\PLH QLRQHLRSLVDQH,ORğýV]F]HJyâyZMHVW]DOHīQDRGWHPDWX1DSU]\NâDG ZDUW\NXOHRKLVWRU\F]Q\FKNRQFHSFMDFKSâDVNLHM]LHPL]QLHZLHORPDOXE EUDNLHPZVSyâF]HVQ\FK]ZROHQQLNyZPRīQDSRNUyWFHZ\MDğQLýZVSyâ F]HVQĆV\WXDFMċDQDVWċSQLHV]F]HJyâRZRRSLVDýKLVWRULċLGHLQHXWUDOQLH SUH]HQWXMĆFKLVWRULċG]LğRGU]XFRQHJRSU]HNRQDQLD,QQHV]F]HJyOQH RSLQLHPRJĆZ\PDJDýGâXīV]HJRRSLVXSXQWXZLG]HQLDPQLHMV]RğFL E\]DSRELHF]P\OHQLXF]\WHOQLND :LNLSHGLDQLHSRZLQQDSUH]HQWRZDýNZHVWLLVSRUQ\FKWDNMDNJG\E\ RSLQLDPDâHMJUXSNLOXG]LE\âDWDNLVWRWQDMDNWDV]HURNRSU]\MċWD 2SLQLHUHSUH]HQWRZDQHSU]H]PDâHJUXSNLOXG]LQLHSRZLQQ\E\ýSUH ]HQWRZDQHSR]DDUW\NXâDPLSRğZLċFRQ\PLW\PVSHF\ÀF]Q\PSXQNWRP ZLG]HQLD'DZDQLHQLHVâXV]QHMZDJLRSLQLRP]GHF\GRZDQHMZLċNV]RğFL OXEZâĆF]DQLHW\FKXWU]\P\ZDQ\FKSU]H]PDâHJUXSNLOXG]LPRīHE\ý P\OĆFH&HOHP:LNLSHGLLMHVWSUH]HQWRZDQLHSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKRSLQLL ZSURSRUFMDFKMDNLHVĆUHSUH]HQWRZDQHZZLDU\JRGQ\FKĩUyGâDFKQD WHQWHPDW2GQRVLVLċWRQLHW\ONRGRWHNVWXDOHLLOXVWUDFMLOLQNyZ ZHZQċWU]Q\FKNDWHJRULLLWS 1LHQDOHīQDZDJDGRW\F]\QLHW\ONRSXQNWyZZLG]HQLD$UW\NXâSR ZLQLHQGDZDýQDOHīQĆZDJċZV]\VWNLPDVSHNWRPGDQHJRWHPDWX RGSRZLHGQLRGRLFK]QDF]HQLD1DSU]\NâDGG\VNXVMDGRW\F]ĆFDSRMH G\QF]\FKZ\GDU]HĕNU\W\F\]PLLQIRUPDFMHSUDVRZHPRJĆE\ýZHU\ ÀNRZDOQHLQHXWUDOQHOHF]QLHSURSRUFMRQDOQHZFDâRğFLGRFDâHJRWHPDWX -HVWWRV]F]HJyOQLHZDīQHZVWRVXQNXGRDNWXDOQ\FKZ\GDU]HĕRNWy U\FKLQIRUPXMĆUyīQHPHGLD:DUWR]DXZDī\ýLīQLHQDOHīQDZDJDPRīH E\ýZ\UDīRQDPLċG]\LQQ\PLSRSU]H]GRNâDGQRğýRSLVXLORğýWHNVWX SRâRīHQLHZDUW\NXOHL]HVWDZLHQLX]GDĕ =WHJRSRVWX-LPP\·HJR:DOHVDQDOLğFLHPDLOLQJRZHM:LNL(1 ZU]HVLHĕ E-HğOLSXQNWZLG]HQLDMHVWSRG]LHODQ\SU]H]ZLċNV]RğýOXG]LâDWZH SRZLQQRE\ý]QDOH]LHQLHĩUyGâDZSRZV]HFKQLHDNFHSWRZDQ\FK PDWHULDâDFK
Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII E-HğOLSXQNWZLG]HQLDMHVWDNFHSWRZDQ\SU]H]]QDF]ĆFĆPQLHMV]Rğý
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Odpowiedzi na zastrzeżenia Obiektywizm nie jest możliwy 1LHPDF]HJRğWDNLHJRMDNRELHNW\ZL]P.DīG\NWRVWXGLRZDâÀOR]RÀċ ZLHRW\P-DNPRīHP\]DWHPEUDýQDSRZDīQLH]DVDGċÅQHXWUDOQRğFLµ" 1HXWUDOQRğýEUDNVWURQQLF]RğFLWDNLHU]HF]\QLHVĆPRīOLZH 7RMHVWSUDZGRSRGREQLHQDMF]ċVWV]H]DVWU]HīHQLHZREHF]DVDG\QHX WUDOQRğFL2G]ZLHUFLHGODWHīQDMF]ċVWV]HQLHSRUR]XPLHQLD]ZLĆ]DQH ]WĆ]DVDGĆ²LQWHUSUHWRZDQDE\ZDMDNE\SURSRQRZDâDPRīOLZRğýE\FLD RELHNW\ZQ\P$WDNQLHMHVW:V]F]HJyOQRğFL]DVDGDQLHPyZLQDZHW īHLVWQLHMHFRğWDNLHJRMDNRELHNW\ZL]PÅSXQNWZLG]HQLD]QLNĆGµ² WDNLSXQNWZLG]HQLDīHZV]\VWNLHDUW\NXâ\SLVDQHSRMHJRSU]\MċFLX DXWRPDW\F]QLHVĆSUDZG]LZH3LVDQLH]WDNLHJRSXQNWXQLHMHVWQDV]Ć ]DVDGĆDQLQDV]\PFHOHP=DDGDSWRZDOLğP\LQQHUR]XPLHQLHVâyZ ÅQHXWUDOQ\µLÅEH]VWURQQ\µ3RZWyU]P\RSLVXMHP\G\VSXW\]DPLDVW DQJDīRZDýVLċZQLH3RZLHG]LHýWRWRQLHSRZLHG]LHýQLFVSRUQHJR ]ÀOR]RÀF]QHJRSXQNWXZLG]HQLDZU]HF]\ZLVWRğFLMHVWWRFRğFRÀOR ]RIRZLHURELĆFDâ\F]DVZ\PDJDVLċRGQLFKDE\QDMSLHUZU]HWHOQLH VWUHğFLOLSRJOĆG\SU]HFLZQLNyZLXQLNQċOLW\PVDP\PSRVĆG]HQLD RIDVDGRZRğý =ZROHQQLF\UHODW\ZL]PXQDW\FKPLDVWRGNU\MĆīHWD ]DVDGDMHVWFDâNRZLFLHVSyMQD]HVWDQRZLVNLHPUHODW\ZL]PXZâDğQLH -HğOLMHVWFRğVSRUQHJRZRNyâWHM]DVDG\WRMHVWWRVXJHVWLDīHMHVW PRīOLZHZLDU\JRGQHSU]HGVWDZLDQLHG\VSXWZWHQVSRVyEīHZV]\VF\ QDMZDīQLHMVLLFKXF]HVWQLF\EċGĆSDWU]\OLQDUH]XOWDW]JDG]DMĆFVLċīH
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... ZNRQWHNğFLHG\VNXVMLLFKSRJOĆG\]RVWDâ\SU]HGVWDZLRQHī\F]OLZLH LZ\F]HUSXMĆFRÅ&]\WRMHVWPRīOLZH"µMHVWS\WDQLHPHPSLU\F]Q\P DQLHÀOR]RÀF]Q\P2EVHUZXMĆFWHNVW\SLVDQHQDFRG]LHĕSU]H]ZLċNV]Rğý SUDFRZQLNyZQDXNRZ\FKHQF\NORSHG\VWyZDXWRUyZSRGUċF]QLNyZ LG]LHQQLNDU]\PRīHP\VWZLHUG]LýīHWDNDU]HF]MHVWU]HF]\ZLğFLH PRīOLZD
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Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII DSRJOĆG\PQLHMV]RğFLF]\OLPLQF]DVDPLSVHXGRQDXNRZH MDNRSRJOĆG\ PQLHMV]RğFL,FRZLċFHMZ\MDğQLDýMDNQDXNRZF\SRVWU]HJDMĆSVHXGR QDXNRZHWHRULHLYLFHYHUVD ,VWQLHMHSHZQDPQLHMV]RğýZğUyGZLNLSHG\VWyZGODNWyU\FKMHVWWR EDUG]RZDīQ\SUREOHP6ĆRQLSU]HNRQDQLīH:LNLSHGLDSRZLQQD]D DGRSWRZDýÅQDXNRZ\SXQNWZLG]HQLDµ]QLHNRU]\ğFLĆGODÅQHXWUDOQHJR SXQNWXZLG]HQLDµ7RīHQLHXGDâRVLċWHJRSU]HIRUVRZDýZ\QLNDSUDZ GRSRGREQLH]EUDNXU]HF]\ZLVWHJR]DSRWU]HERZDQLDQDWDNĆ]DVDGċ :\JOĆGDQDWRīHQDXNRZ\SXQNWZLG]HQLDQDSVHXGRQDXNċPRīH E\ýMDVQRSHâQLHLU]HWHOQLHZ\MDğQLRQ\W\PNWyU\FKSVHXGRQDXND PRīH]ZLHğýQDPDQRZFHMHG\QLHSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLXQHXWUDOQHJR SXQNWXZLG]HQLD
Siła nauki vs. pseudonauka $OH]DUD]Z\GDMHPLVLċīHRSW\PL]PFRGRVLâ\QDXNLZREHFSVHXGR QDXNLMHVWEH]SRGVWDZQ\:LHP\]KLVWRULLīHQDXNDSRQRVLâDNOċVNL ZWHG\JG\FLNWyU]\SROHJDOLQDSVHXGRQDXFHXī\ZDOLNâDPVWZRV]F]HUVWZ LQV\QXDFMLL]PXV]DOLW\PZLċNV]RğýVZRLFK]ZROHQQLNyZGRÅQDZUD FDQLDµLQQ\FK-HğOLWHQSURMHNWSU]\]QDMHMHGQDNRZĆZDJċW\PNWyU]\ WZLHUG]ĆīH=LHPLDMHVWSâDVNDZGRVâRZQ\P]QDF]HQLX OXEW\P NWyU]\WZLHUG]ĆīHKRORFDXVWXQLJG\QLHE\âRWRQLHEDF]QLHSURMHNWWHQ EċG]LHOHJLW\PL]RZDýLSRPDJDýZSURPRFMLWHJRFRPRīHE\ýX]QDQH MDNRIDâV]L]âR 3URVLP\DE\ğFLHWRVRELHX]P\VâRZLOL]DVDGDQHXWUDOQRğFL:LNL SHGLL]SHZQRğFLĆQLHWZLHUG]LDQLQLHLPSOLNXMHīHPXVLP\ÅSU]\]QDý MHGQDNRZĆZDJċµFDâNRZLFLHRGUDīDMĆF\PF]\EH]VHQVRZQ\PSRJOĆ GRP2QDWZLHUG]LīHSLV]ĆF\PGODQDV]HMHQF\NORSHGLLQLHZROQR ]DPLHV]F]DýVZRMHMRFHQ\$OHWRQDVQLHSRZVWU]\PXMHRGSU]HGVWD ZLDQLDSRJOĆGyZZLċNV]RğFL]]D]QDF]HQLHPīHVĆWRZâDğQLHSRJOĆG\ ZLċNV]RğFL1LHSRZVWU]\PXMHQDVRGU]HWHOQHJRSU]HGVWDZLDQLDLRE MDğQLDQLDPRFQ\FKDUJXPHQWyZSU]HFLZNRRZ\PRGUDīDMĆF\PSRJOĆ GRPRGRSLV\ZDQLDPRUDOQHJRZVWUċWXNWyU\ZLHOHOXG]LZREHFW\FK VSUDZF]XMHLWS =DWHP]MHGQHMVWURQ\:LNLSHGLDRÀFMDOQLHQLH]DMPXMHVWDQRZLVND ZREHFWDNÅRF]\ZLVW\FKµVSUDZDOH]GUXJLHMVWURQ\QLHEċG]LHWR Z\JOĆGDâRMDNE\ğP\P\DXWRU]\:LNLSHGLLX]QDOLPRUDOQLHRGUDīDMĆFH SRJOĆG\]DMHGQDNRZRZLDU\JRGQH=DNâDGDMĆFīHDXWRU]\:LNLSHGLL VWDW\VW\F]QLHUHSUH]HQWXMĆZ\NV]WDâFRQĆRSLQLċSXEOLF]QĆQDVLF]\ WHOQLF\PRJĆRF]HNLZDýRGQDVīHDUW\NXâ\PDMĆSRGREQ\SU]HNUyM
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... MHğOLFKRG]LRRSLQLHQDWHPDWVNUDMQRğFLZLċNV]Rğý]QDVF]XMHGRQLFK DZHUVMċ
Polonocentryzm $PLVLċZ\GDMHīHSROVNRMċ]\F]QD:LNLSHGLDSU]HGVWDZLDMHG\QLHSXQNW ZLG]HQLD3RODNyZLZRJyOHMHVWHXURSRFHQWU\F]QD&]\QLHMHVWWR ZVSU]HF]QRğFL]QHXWUDOQ\PSXQNWHPZLG]HQLD" :LċNV]RğýRVyESLV]ĆF\FKDUW\NXâ\QD:LNLSHGLLSROVNRMċ]\F]QHMWR 3RODF\LE\ýPRīHWUXGQLHMLPMHVWXZROQLýVLċRGVSRMU]HQLDFKDUDN WHU\VW\F]QHJRGOD3RODNyZOXEV]HU]HMGODOXG]LLGHQW\ÀNXMĆF\FKVLċ ]F\ZLOL]DFMĆ]DFKRGQLĆ3RGREQLHMHVWQS]:LNLSHGLĆDQJLHOVNRMċ]\F]QĆ ²PRīHVLċ]GDU]\ýīHSU]HGVWDZLDMHG\QLHSRJOĆG\$PHU\NDQyZ VWDQRZLĆF\FKWDPQDMOLF]QLHMV]ĆJUXSċHG\WRUyZ 'REU\PUR]ZLĆ]DQLHPMHVWSR]\VNLZDQLHGRJURQDZLNLSHG\VWyZ REFRNUDMRZFyZ]QDMĆF\FKMċ]\NSROVNL0LOHZLG]LDQLVĆSU]HGVWDZLFLHOH 3RORQLLLREFRNUDMRZF\QDWXUDOL]RZDQLRUD]LQQHRVRE\PDMĆFHGâXJR WUZDâ\RVRELVW\NRQWDNW]LQQ\PLNXOWXUDPL
Co jest polonocentryzmem? 3U]\NâDGHPSRORQRFHQWU\]PXVĆRNUHğOHQLDVXJHUXMĆFHīHF]\WHOQL NDPL:LNLSHGLLSROVNRMċ]\F]QHMVĆZ\âĆF]QLH3RODF\²MDNFKRýE\]DVWċ SRZDQLHSU]\PLRWQLNDÅSROVNLµ]DLPNLHPÅQDV]µQSÅQDV]DGUXī\QDµ ÅQDV]HZRMVNRµF]\RNUHğOHQLDZURG]DMXÅZ\JUDOLğP\µÅ]GRE\OLğP\µ LWS1LHSRSUDZQHMHVWSLVDQLHZ\âĆF]QLH]SROVNLHMSHUVSHNW\Z\DUW\ NXâXNWyUHJRQD]ZDGRW\F]\QLHW\ONR3ROVNLQS0LQLVWHUVWZR)L QDQVyZRSLV\ZDQHGDOHMMDNRPLQLVWHUVWZRU]ĆGX5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM 3ROVNLHM²ZWDNLPSU]\SDGNXDUW\NXâQDOHī\]DW\WXâRZDý0LQLVWHU VWZR)LQDQVyZ3ROVND 3RORQRFHQWU\]PHPMHVWWHīSLVDQLHZFKD UDNWHU]HFLHNDZRVWNLVDPHMZVRELHRXG]LDOH3ROVNLF]\3RODNyZ&]\ ZLHV]īHEUDOLXG]LDâ3RODF\"3ROVNDMHVWZF]RâyZFHNUDMyZLWS RUD]Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLHF]FLRQNLZ\WâXV]F]RQHMZHIUDJPHQWDFKRGQR V]ĆF\FKVLċGRWHMWHPDW\NL-DNRRJyOQĆUHJXâċGREU]HMHVWSU]\MĆý īHQDOHī\MHG\QLHLQIRUPRZDýRQDURGRZRğFLOHF]QLHPRīQDZ\UyīQLDý īDGQHM]QLFK :QLHNWyU\FKSU]\SDGNDFKPRīQDZ\RGUċEQLýSU]H]Xī\FLHVHNFML IUDJPHQWDUW\NXâXGRW\F]ĆF\3ROVNLMDNQSZDUW\NXâDFKRGDWDFK F]\SU]HSLVDFKSUDZDLZ\QLNDWR]IDNWXīHMċ]\NSROVNLMHVWMċ]\NLHP RÀFMDOQ\PW\ONRZ3ROVFH]NWyUHMSRFKRG]LZLċNV]RğýXī\WNRZQLNyZ :LNLSHGLLSLVDQHMSRSROVNX
Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII Co nie jest polonocentryzmem? 3LV]ĆFDUW\NXâ\QDOHī\SDPLċWDýīHFKRý3ROVNDQLHPRīHE\ýQD:LNL SHGLLZ\UyīQLDQDF]\IDZRU\]RZDQDWRMHGQDNMċ]\NSROVNLMHVWXSU]\ ZLOHMRZDQ\SRGREQLHMDNMċ]\NLRMF]\VWHQDLQQ\FK:LNLSHGLDFK 'ODWHJRLQIRUPDFMHRSROVNLFKZ\GDQLDFKNVLĆīHNF]\ÀOPyZEĆGĩ FLHNDZRVWNLWâXPDF]HQLRZHQLHVWDQRZLĆMXīSRORQRFHQWU\]PyZ=WHM SU]\F]\Q\OHSLHMMHVWSU]\NâDGRZRVWRVRZDý]ZURWÅZ\GDQ\SRSROVNXµ ]DPLDVWÅZ\GDQ\Z3ROVFHµ1DOHī\WHīLQIRUPRZDýRGDWDFKSUHPLHU\ Z3ROVFHGDQHJRW\WXâXJG\ī]Z\NOHMHVWWRMHJRSLHUZV]HZ\GDQLHZMċ ]\NXSROVNLP
Zasada punktu widzenia oponenta 1LHSU]HNRQXMHPQLHWRFRPyZLFLHRÅSLVDQLX]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDRSR QHQWDµ1LHFKFċZ\UċF]DýDQLZVSLHUDýRSRQHQWyZ:LHOX]QLFKVWZLHU G]DU]HF]\NWyUHVĆMDZQLHQLHSUDZG]LZH&]\FKFHFLHSRZLHG]LHýīH DE\E\ýQHXWUDOQ\PSLV]ĆFDUW\NXâDE\ZLDU\JRGQLHSU]HGVWDZLý SXQNWZLG]HQLD]NWyU\PVLċQLH]JDG]DPPXV]ċNâDPDý" 3UDZGRSRGREQLHZ\QLNDWR]QLHSHâQHJR]UR]XPLHQLD]DVDG\QHXWUDO QRğFL3LV]ĆFSRZLQQRVLċVWZLHUG]LýW\ONRW\OHÅ7HQDWHQDUJXPHQWXMH īHWRLWRZ]ZLĆ]NX]W\PWRLWDPWR.URSNDµ0RīQDWRURELýRWZDUFLH EH]PRUDOQ\FKVNUXSXâyZSRQLHZDīWRVWZLHUG]HQLHSU]HND]XMHVLċGR NRJRğLQQHJREH]īDGQHJRNRPHQWDU]D7RMHVWQDMZDīQLHMV]\PRPHQW -HğOLQDV]\P]DPLDUHPMHVW]HEUDýVXPċOXG]NLHMZLHG]\QDGDQ\WHPDW ]JXELOLE\ğP\ZDīQĆF]ċğýLQIRUPDFMLSRPLMDMĆFF]\MHğDUJXPHQW\ :DUWR]DXZDī\ýīHFRğ]EOLīRQHJRGRQHXWUDOQHJRSXQNWXZLG]H QLDIXQNFMRQXMHZğURGRZLVNXQDXNRZ\P8F]HQLSUyEXMĆFXGRZRG QLýMDNLHğWZLHUG]HQLHPXV]ĆPLċG]\LQQ\PLSU]\WRF]\ýDUJXPHQW\ NWyUHPRJâ\E\]DSU]HF]\ýLFKWH]LH3R]ZDODWRLPZ\MDğQLýGODF]HJR ]LFKSXQNWXZLG]HQLDDUJXPHQW\SU]HFLZQLNyZVĆ]DZRGQH7DNL VW\OSUDF\Z\PDJDWUHQLQJXGDMHWDNīHOHSV]ĆZLHG]ċQDWHPDWPD WHULDâyZĩUyGâRZ\FKDWDNīHVSUDZNWyUHPRJâ\E\ýQLHGRVWU]HJDQH SU]H]ODWD-HğOLXF]HQLQLHRSLHUDMĆVLċQDIDNWDFKOXEMHğOLXī\ZDMĆ W\ONRIDNWyZGRZRG]ĆF\FKV]F]HJyOQHJRSXQNWXZLG]HQLDV]\ENR WUDFĆVZRMĆSR]\FMċLUHSXWDFMċ
Spory nt. neutralności -DNPRJċXQLNQĆýQLHXVWDQQ\FKVSRUyZFRGRQHXWUDOQRğFLMDNLHJRğ DUW\NXâX"
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... 1DMOHSV]\PVSRVREHPE\XQLNQĆýSURZDG]HQLDWHJRURG]DMXÅZRMHQµ MHVWSDPLċWDQLHīHZV]\VF\WXWDMMHVWHğP\Z\VWDUF]DMĆFRLQWHOLJHQWQL LXPLHP\MDVQRZ\UDīDýVZRMHP\ğOL²LQDF]HMQLHSUDFRZDOLE\ğP\ ZVSyOQLHQDGWDNLPSURMHNWHP *G\UR]SRF]\QDVLċVSyUQDWHPDWWHJRFRÅSRZLQQRµE\ýSRZLHG]LDQH ZDUW\NXOHOXEQDWHPDWWHJRFRMHVWÅSUDZG]LZHµQLHZROQRQDPSU]\M PRZDýZURJLHJRQDVWDZLHQLD0XVLP\]URELýFRW\ONRZQDV]HMPRF\ E\]DWU]\PDýVLċQDFKZLOċL]DGDýVRELHS\WDQLHÅMDNWHQVSyUPRīH ]RVWDýU]HWHOQLHVFKDUDNWHU\]RZDQ\"µ,WU]HEDRWRS\WDý]DNDīG\P UD]HPJG\SRMDZLVLċQRZDNRQWURZHUVMD1LHMHVWQDV]\P]DGDQLHP HG\FMD:LNLSHGLLWDNE\RG]ZLHUFLHGODâDQDV]HZâDVQHXQLNDOQHSRJOĆG\ DSRWHPREURQDLFKSU]HGZV]HONLPL]PLDQDPLSUDFXMHP\UD]HPGR GDMĆFQRZĆWUHğýDOHWDNīHJG\WRNRQLHF]QHGRFKRG]ĆFGRNRPSURPLVX QDWHPDWWHJRMDNSRMDZLDMĆFHVLċNRQWURZHUVMHSRZLQQ\E\ýRSLVDQH WDNE\E\â\DNFHSWRZDOQHSU]H]ZV]\VWNLH]DDQJDīRZDQHVWURQ\
Ciągłe naruszanie zasad $NFHSWXMċ]DVDGċEH]VWURQQRğFLDOHSRPLċG]\SLV]ĆF\PL]GDU]DMĆVLċ WDF\NWyU]\Z\JOĆGDMĆQDÅQLHUHIRUPRZDOQ\FKµ3LV]ĆVDPHVWURQQLF]H WHNVW\0XV]ċÅFKRG]Lýµ]DQLPLLFLĆJOHÅVSU]ĆWDýµ&RPDPURELý" 7RMHVWEDUG]RWUXGQHS\WDQLH -HğOLSU]\SDGHNQLHMHVWU]HF]\ZLğFLHMDVNUDZ\]DSHZQHQDMOHSV]Ć PHWRGĆEċG]LHSXEOLF]QLH]ZUyFHQLHXZDJLQDSUREOHPLSRSURV]HQLH LQQ\FKRSRPRF:DUWRWHīXSU]HMPLHSRLQIRUPRZDýRW\PVDPHJRSL V]ĆFHJR-HğOLV\WXDFMDVWDMHVLċU]HF]\ZLğFLHSRZDīQDPRīHP\SRSURVLý WċRVREċRRSXV]F]HQLHSURMHNWX:QDV]\PLQWHUHVLHMHVWWRE\:LNL SHGLDE\âDFDâNRZLFLHRWZDUW\PSURMHNWHP-HGQDNZLċNV]RğýDXWRUyZ ]SHZQRğFLĆGRVWU]HJDSHZQĆJUDQLFċWDNLPRPHQWZNWyU\PZDīQLHM V]DVWDMHVLċPRīOLZRğýXNRĕF]HQLDSUDF\EH]SRWU]HE\FLĆJâHJRXVX ZDQLDLQJHUHQFMLOXG]LQLHUHVSHNWXMĆF\FKQDV]\FK]DVDG
Użycie zasady jako pretekstu =DVDGDQHXWUDOQRğFLMHVWXī\ZDQDF]DVDPLMDNRSUHWHNVWDE\XVXQĆý WHNVWNWyU\Z\JOĆGDQDVWURQQLF]\&]\WRQLHSUREOHP" :ZLHOXSU]\SDGNDFKWDNMHVW:LċNV]Rğý]QDVMHVWSU]HNRQDQD īHIDNWLīNWRğQDSLVDâVWURQQLF]\WHNVWQLHMHVWVDPZVRELHZ\VWDU F]DMĆF\DE\RGUD]XWHQWHNVWXVXQĆý-HğOL]DZLHUDFHQQĆLQIRUPDFMċ WHNVWSRZLQLHQE\ýSRSURVWXRGSRZLHGQLRSU]HUHGDJRZDQ\²ZīDG Q\PUD]LHXVXQLċW\
Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII &]DVDPLPRīHE\ýNâRSRWZRNUHğOHQLXF]\MDNLHğVWZLHUG]HQLHMHVW SUDZG]LZHOXEXī\WHF]QH]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDDUW\NXâXV]F]HJyOQLH JG\MHVWZğUyGQDVNLONDRVyE]QDMĆF\FKVLċQD]DJDGQLHQLX:WDNLP SU]\SDGNXGREU]HMHVWXPLHğFLýVZRMH]DVWU]HīHQLDQDVWURQLHG\VNXVML DUW\NXâXMHğOLPDP\SRGVWDZ\E\VĆG]LýīHDXWRUWHQGHQF\MQHJRPD WHULDâXQLHEċG]LHVNâRQQ\DE\JRSRSUDZLýSU]HQRVLP\WHNVWQDVWURQċ G\VNXVML$UW\NXâSRZLQQRVLċFDâNRZLFLHXVXZDýGRSLHURZRVWDWHF] QRğFLQLJG\MDNRUXW\QRZ\VSRVyEUHDNFMLQDVWURQQLF]RğýWHNVWX
Problem kontrowersyjnych założeń &R]SU]\SDGNDPLJG\DE\QDSLVDýNLONDDUW\NXâyZQDMDNLğRJyOQ\ WHPDWPXVLP\SU]\MĆýMDNLHğNRQWURZHUV\MQH]DâRīHQLD":HĩP\QD SU]\NâDGHZROXFMRQL]P&]\PDP\VWUHV]F]DýGHEDWċSWÅHZROXFMRQL]P NRQWUDNUHDFMRQL]PµZNDīG\PDUW\NXOH" 2F]\ZLğFLHīHQLH&K\EDQLHPDWHPDWyZNWyUHPRīQDE\Z\âRī\ý EH]SU]\MċFLDMDNLFKğ]DâRīHĕNWyUH]NROHLNWRğPRīHX]QDý]DNRQ WURZHUV\MQH7DNZ\JOĆGDU]HF]\ZLVWRğýQLHW\ONRZELRORJLLDOHWDNīH ZÀOR]RÀLKLVWRULLÀ]\FHLWG -HVWWUXGQRQDNUHğOLýRJyOQH]DVDG\NWyU\PLPRīQDE\NLHURZDý VLċZHZV]\VWNLFKNRQNUHWQ\FKSU]\SDGNDFKDOHMHğOLGDQH]DâRīHQLH MHVWEDUG]RGREU]HSU]HG\VNXWRZDQHQDLQQHMVWURQLHSUDZGRSRGRE QLHQLHPDSRZRGXE\MHG\VNXWRZDýZSLVDQ\PSU]H]&LHELHWHNğFLH :DUWRMHGQDNGRGDýMDNLğQLHZLHONLQLHQDU]XFDMĆF\VLċRGQRğQLN1D SU]\NâDGMHğOLSLV]HP\MDNLğDUW\NXâRHZROXFMLRZDGyZPRīHP\ GRGDýMHGQRNUyWNLH]GDQLHīHNUHDFMRQLğFLQLHZLHU]ĆīHRZDG\OXE LQQHī\ZHVWZRU]HQLD SRGOHJDMĆSURFHVRZLHZROXFMLLZVND]DýF]\WHO QLNRZLRGSRZLHGQLDUW\NXâ-HğOLMHVWMDNDğGHEDWDGRW\F]ĆFDNRQNUHW QHMVSUDZ\PRīQDMĆSU]HGVWDZLýQDVSHFMDOQHMGHG\NRZDQHMMHM VWURQLH
WIKIPEDIA: PRAWA AUTORSKIE &HOHP:LNLSHGLLMHVWGRVWDUF]DQLHLQIRUPDFMLGRVWċSQHMGODZV]\VWNLFK 8UHJXORZDQLDSUDZQHZ\PDJDMĆRGQDVDE\ğP\SU]HVWU]HJDOLSUDZ DXWRUVNLFK,QIRUPDFMH]:LNLSHGLLEċGĆZWHG\RJyOQLHGRVWċSQH D:LNLSHGLDLWZRU]ĆF\MĆZRORQWDULXV]HXQLNQĆNâRSRWyZ]Z\PLDUHP VSUDZLHGOLZRğFL
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII... 'RF]HUZFD:LNLSHGLDE\âDXGRVWċSQLDQDQDQDVWċSXMĆF\FK ]DVDGDFK 7UHğý:LNLSHGLLMHVWXGRVWċSQLDQDZRSDUFLXROLFHQFMċ*18)UHH 'RFXPHQWDWLRQ/LFHQFH8G]LHODVLċ]H]ZROHQLDGRNRSLRZDQLD UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLDOXEPRG\ÀNDFMLWUHğFLDUW\NXâyZ:LNLSHGLL ]JRGQLH]]DVDGDPL/LFHQFML*18:ROQHM'RNXPHQWDFMLZZHU VMLOXEGRZROQHMSyĩQLHMV]HMRSXEOLNRZDQHMSU]H])UHH6RIW ZDUH)RXQGDWLRQQLH]DZLHUD6HNFML1LH]PLHQQ\FKEH]7HNVWX QD3U]HGQLHM2NâDGFHLEH]7HNVWXQD7\OQHM2NâDGFH
3RF]HUZFD:LNLSHGLDSU]HV]âDQDOLFHQFMċ&&%<6$ 7UHğý:LNLSHGLLMHVWXGRVWċSQLDQDZRSDUFLXROLFHQFMċ&&%<6$ 8G]LHODVLċ]H]ZROHQLDGRNRSLRZDQLDUR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLD OXEPRG\ÀNDFMLWUHğFLDUW\NXâyZ:LNLSHGLL]JRGQLH]]DVDGDPL /LFHQFML&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV8]QDQLHDXWRUVWZD1DW\FKVDP\FK ZDUXQNDFK8QSRUWHGOXEGRZROQHMSyĩQLHMV]HMZHUVMLOLFHQFML RSXEOLNRZDQHMSU]H]&UHDWLYH&RPPRQVNWyUD]DZLHUDWHVDPH HOHPHQW\FRQLQLHMV]DOLFHQFMD
-HGQRF]HğQLHZV]\VWNLHWHNVW\XPLHV]F]RQHZ:LNLSHGLLSU]HG F]HUZFDVĆZFLĆīGRVWċSQHQDSRSU]HGQLFK]DVDGDFK =DVDGQLF]RR]QDF]DWRīHMDNLNROZLHNWHNVWRSXEOLNRZDQ\Z:LNL SHGLLSR]RVWDQLHQD]DZV]HGRVWċSQ\QD]DVDGDFKFRS\OHIWLPRīHE\ý Xī\ZDQ\SU]H]NDīGĆRVREċ]REZDURZDQLDPLZ\V]F]HJyOQLRQ\PLSR QLīHMNWyUH]DSHZQLDMĆīHWHNVWWHQSR]RVWDQLHZROQ\ :LNLSHGLD]DZLHUDUyZQLHīPDWHULDâ\WHNVWRZHGĩZLċNRZHJUDÀF]QH LWSNWyUHVĆREMċWHLQQ\PLOLFHQFMDPLQLī*18)'/L&&%<6$QS )$/ F]\WHīQDOHīĆFHGRGRPHQ\SXEOLF]QHMWMJG\SUDZDDXWRUVNLH GRQLFKZ\JDVâ\OXEVLċLFK]U]HF]RQR:WDNLFKSU]\SDGNDFKMHVWWR Z\UDĩQLH]D]QDF]RQHQDMF]ċğFLHMZSRVWDFLMHGQHJR]V]DEORQyZZ\ PLHQLRQ\FKQDVWURQLH:LNLSHGLD2SLV\OLFHQFMLJUDÀNL
Obowiązki i prawa wikipedystów -HğOLWZRU]\V]OXEHG\WXMHV]ZSU]HVWU]HQLSROVNLHM:LNLSHGLLZV]\VW NRFRZSLVXMHV]MHVWREMċWHOLFHQFMĆ&&%<6$LMHGQRF]HğQLH *18)'/$E\PLHýGRWHJRSUDZR
Dodatek 2: PIĘĆ FILARÓW WIKIPEDII EPXVLV]SRVLDGDýSUDZDDXWRUVNLHGRZSLVDQHJRWHNVWXVDPDJR
VWZRU]\âHğDğ OXE EWHNVWPXVLSRFKRG]L]HĩUyGâDNWyUH]H]ZDODQDREMċFLHWUHğFLWHNVWX OLFHQFMĆ&&%<6$L*18)'/
:SLHUZV]\PSU]\SDGNX]DFKRZXMHV]SUDZDGRQDSLVDQHJRWHNVWX 3yĩQLHMPRīHV]RSXEOLNRZDýJRJG]LHLQG]LHMOXESRGLQQĆOLFHQFMĆOHF] QLHPRīHV]FRIQĆýOLFHQFMLMXīXG]LHORQHM:LNLSHGLL²WHQWHNVWSR]R VWDQLHQD]DZV]HREMċW\OLFHQFMĆ&&%<6$L*18)'/:GUXJLPSU]\ SDGNXPXVLV]ZRGSRZLHGQLPPLHMVFXQD:LNLSHGLLXPLHğFLýLQIRU PDFMċRSUDZDFKDXWRUVNLFKLGRâĆF]\ýGRQLHJROLQN]ZURWQ\MHğOLMHVW WRWHNVWGRVWċSQ\ZVLHFL ,QDF]HMPyZLĆFMHğOLXī\âHğWHNVWXGRVWċSQHJRJG]LHğZVLHFLZDU W\NXOHQDMOHSLHMR]QDF]JRSRSU]H]Xī\FLHSU]\SLVyZMHğOL]DğMHGQR F]HğQLHMHVWHğMHJRDXWRUHPFRVLċQLHNLHG\]GDU]DQDSLV]MHV]F]H ZG\VNXVMLDUW\NXâXÅMHVWHPDXWRUHPWHNVWX]DPLHV]F]RQHJRQDVWURQLH >KWWSDGUHVLQWHUQHWRZ\SR]D:LNLSHGLĆ@Xī\WHJRZW\PDUW\NXOHµ DGRGDWNRZRMHğOLWRW\ONRPRīOLZHSRGSRGDQ\PDGUHVHPZVLHFL QDMOHSLHMXPLHğýLQIRUPDFMċRW\PīHğZLDGRPLHZ\NRU]\VWDâHğJRQD OLFHQFML&&%<6$*18)'/SRGF]DVHG\FMLZ:LNLSHGLL 3UDZDDXWRUVNLHPXV]Ć]DZV]HE\ýRGQRWRZDQH]GDQ\PLZâDğFLFLHOD SUDZLGDWĆXG]LHOHQLDSR]ZROHQLD MHGQDN]HZ]JOċGXQDWRīHQDV]\P FHOHPMHVWMDNQDMV]HUV]DG\VWU\EXFMD:LNLSHGLL]DZV]HWUHğFLRU\JLQDOQH VĆSUHIHURZDQHRGWHNVWyZREMċW\FKFXG]\PLSUDZDPLDXWRUVNLPL 1LJG\QLH]DPLHV]F]DMZ:LNLSHGLLWUHğFLNWyUHPRJĆQDUX V]DýSUDZDDXWRUVNLHLQQ\FKRVyE7HJRW\SXSRVWċSRZDQLHPRīH SRZDīQLH]DV]NRG]LýSROVNLHM:LNLSHGLLLVSRZRGRZDýZNRQVHNZHQFML SURFHV\VĆGRZH-HğOLPDV]ZĆWSOLZRğFLFRGRVWDWXVXSUDZQHJRGDQHJR WHNVWXJUDÀNLOXEGDQ\FKGĩZLċNRZ\FK²GRGDM]DPLDVWQLFKWHVWZR U]RQHSU]H]VLHELH:V]F]HJyOQRğFLQLHOLQNXMWDNīHGRLQQ\FKZLWU\Q MHīHOLZLHV]OXESRGHMU]HZDV]īHPRJĆQDUXV]DýSUDZDDXWRUVNLHLQ Q\FKRVyE 6DPHLQIRUPDFMHQLHVĆREMċWHSUDZHPDXWRUVNLPGODWHJRGR]ZR ORQHMHVWZ\NRU]\VWDQLHLQIRUPDFML]DZDUW\FKZLQQ\FKĩUyGâDFKQS GUXNRZDQHMHQF\NORSHGLL SU]HWZRU]HQLHLFKZVSRVyEWZyUF]\L]D PLHV]F]HQLHZ:LNLSHGLL
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ŻYCIE WIRTUALNYCH DZIKICH. NETNOGRAFIA WIKIPEDII...
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