From My Hands to Yours: Lessons from a Lifetime of Training Championship Horses

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Acknowledgments Jean Abernethy and Caroline Baldock are to be

commended for their outstanding support and collaboration during the long process of writing this book. Jean worked tirelessly to make sure I had every diagram perfectly illustrated, enabling you to better understand the ,,Language of Equus" and use this knowledge for the benefit of your horses. I wish to thank Caroline Robbins of Tiafalgar Square Publishing for the final editing of From My Hands to Yours.It is with her assistance and excellent input that the book came alive and began to flow, so that you have, in the context, a better understanding of my concepts and experiences with horses. Our daughter, Debbie, took time out of her busy life to read my manuscripts. I appreciate her husband, Tom Loucks, and my grandsons, Matthew and Adam, for sharing their mom during this time. Also, I would like to thank Mindy Gatchell for her assistance as well. I owe Crawford Hall and Anna Twinney a great debt of gratitude. As a team, they work hard to teach the principles of Join-Up to the students who come from all over the world to study at my International Learning Center.

Without their capable assistance, I could not travel to demonstrate my work, which enables me to teach thousands of those who have the desire to learn but who cannot come to

California. Jane Turnbull, my literary agent, thank you for your encouragement in all my endeavors.

My good friends and fellow horsemen, Dr. Robert Miller and Richard Shrake, I thank you for sharing your knowledge with me. you have my admiration and respect for what you have contributed to the beneflt of all horses. Sheila Varian, I thank you for the opportunity to experience the greatest Arabian stock horse, Ronteza. I could never neglect acknowledging the horsemen from whom I have gained immensely from their shared experiences. Among them is my late friend Greg Ward, the lateJimmy Williams, and even the old master himself, Don Dodge. Thank you for your generosity. And to Sister Agnes patricia, my humble thanks for the path you provided me with your insight. M.R.

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Chopter 7 /TheWonders of the Duolly Holter How To Use the DuallY Halter / 110 Loading Your Horse, Trailer or Truck / 115 Walking Through Water / 125 Your Horse and the Fanlet | 127 132 Your Horse and the Veterinarian / 133 Horse / The Difficult-To-Mount

ChoPter 8 / Tools ofthe Trode The Foal Handler / 134 The Horse That Bucks / 137 The Head-ShY Horse / 146 The Rearer / 150 Hoof Rings / 155 Balking / 157

Chopter 9 lTlne Into-Pressure Syndrome Into-Pressure / 159 Starting Gates / 164 The Pull-Back Horse / 170 The Cinch-Bound SYndrome I 174

Chopter 10 / Imprinting Good Behovior Catching Horses / 177

Anxiety / 178 The Barn-Sour Syndrome and Separation The ShYing TendencY / 180 Foal ImPrinting

/

181

The Growing-UP Months / 184 Eleven Months to Starting / 186

Chopter 11 / Creoting a Willing Performer Respect for SensitivitY / 188 StoPPing Your Horse / 189 Turning Your Horse / 193 Changing Leads / 196 Backing Your Horse (Reining Back) / 201

ChoPter L2 I Conformotion Conformation Defined / 204

ChoPter 13 / Questions ond Answers Questions and Answers / 212 of Monty Roberts / 221 Appendix: A Retrospective of the Career GlossarY

I 229

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procedures for dealing with remedial problems. It is a given that I will not write the perfect book and no reader will understandably work without mistakes. With that knowledge in mind, I will include on these pages practices that I have discovered to be effective in dealing with man-made problems. Since the horse is a flight animal, he reacts and responds rather than initiates. This fact dictates that the presence of what we perceive as a remedial problem is caused by us and our shortcomings. If the horseman conducts his training each day with these facts clearly understood, it is likely that he will reduce the potential for creating negative behavior. I give you my recommendations for dealing with remedial horses that display undesirable

behavior such as bucking, biting, kicking, rearing, and much more. I will attempt always to educate you in the use of tactics that will produce results without violence. My goal is to create work that can be done safely and in comfort. I often tell my students that if they are unable to smile while working with a remedial horse, it is likely that they need to improve their methods. As knowing horsemen, we need to understand that our equine students can only have tr,vo goals in life. One is to reproduce and the other is to survive. Equine negative behavior stems from fear and not from meanness. The horseman who understands this and acts appropriately is far more likely to succeed than is the trainer who acts harshly, misunderstanding his student. I am a true supporter of the horse I am working with. I want my reader to become a strong fan of the species. I believe that it is virtually impossible for an adversary to teach its opponent anything. I have also decided to pass on to the reader elements of equine conformation. My life has been strongly linked to assessing equine conformation, and I feel it is an

xtv

important factor in creating a successful career with horses (see Chapter 12). While I have dealt with horses in many disciplines, I am certainly less than an expert in many activities that the horse industry embraces. I will try to provide you with information that will be appropriate for the widest possible number of disciplines. My life has been most actively led in the Western disciplines and in the world of Thoroughbred racing, but I have trained and competed in show jumping, polo, rodeo, Quarter Horse racing, and many gymkhana activities. I have dealt with mules and donkeys, along with horses, in packing and mountain riding, and also racing. Advice to the leisure rider has been a part of my career since the mid-forties, when I began to act as a riding instructor in my parents' operation. In Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and at the end of Chapter 4, you will flnd a dictionary of the Language of Equus. It is illustrated to educate the reader in the signs and signals that I use to

communicate with horses.

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clear parameters within which the horse can operate at his optimal level, are likely to be

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effective trainers.

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Pr ey-Pre dator and F light-F ight It is important to remember that the horse is a"prey" animal, his defense being to flee' Man as

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will come into play as a first response, horse and man will force the while the horse will only want to escape from danger. Aggressive acts by the horse, such as kicking and biting, most likely occur when he

these natural tendencies

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feels cornered and without any option to flee' This natural response to flee is the basis for my

r.r The horse tries to outrun his predators'

technique of Join-UP. If you describe responses as "flight-fight," then the horse is at the flight end of the flight-fight sPectrum. He is committed to survival and

procreation; fighting is for him a last resort. Man, however, is at the fight end of the

flight-fight spectrum. It is in man's nature to fight

when

faced with Perceived oPPosition or resistance. If You

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think you are going to sucr.z The horse will only defend himself as a last resort' cessfully fight with Your horse over anything, You are Observing Wild Hotses making a terrible mistake. To work effectively It was my good fortune to experience circumwith a horse, his true nature must be understances that allowed me to work with musstood and the trainer must also retrain his own tangs. In 1.948,I made my first trip to Nevada often responses to match those of the horse' So to help in the capture of horses to be brought it is the thoughtless act from a human or the to Salinas, California, for a wild horse race. loss of patience that can push a horse metaDuring the search, gather and capture time, phorically "ovet the edge" and cause him to I began to witness communication between move lnto survival mode. It is that thoughtthese horses seldom seen in the domestically lessness, that moment of panic or feat, which raised animal. I suppose that their existence in I am seeking to replace with knowledge, underthe wilderness instills a deeper understanding standing and calm to create a more harmoniof the need for safety within the family group' ous partnershiP.

4

Chapter 1 / The Nature of Equus

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pu!]su! leJnleu asoLlM

.rolepa.rd e {;angpullsut st uel4l

slulod

<<

s,(1uo14;

'sseffns

ol alnor

e snq] pue asroq aql Jo arnleu

Jo Surpuelsrapun Sur,trolle '1snr1

eql dSolopoqlau e pu€

pue uorl€Jrunurruoo ol '.ro1epa.rd e ]o

slf,urlsur I€ArAJns

llasrutq pu o] apetu

s!

snnbg 1o arnleN

aql / t .ra1deq1

I€rnleu aql q8norql qled e apprord sldacuor asaqJ 'eruollno ue Sunuangur Jo pue lq8noqr snolJsuof,;o alqeder sr asroq eq] IIe re4p lasJor{ aql Jo ,,suo}}nq due ssard,, }ou op s}daf -uor dlnq 'euo leq] ueql //ssard ol uollnq,, sno -Je8uep aJour ou sl aJaqJ'lelrlJns sn{ ue}earql a.r,r

'alloql

s,esJoq aq1 dea,re 3uqe1 dg 'aarlJaJJe sE

dlreau lou sem U leq] tuaredde puu dressarau se,\,t aJualor^ leql snor^qo erueJaq ]I 'luau -3pn[ ur roJJa ue peapur se,r,r sread JoJ efro_J

lou

snnb

'dno.

3qp UI AJ

-iil u 'a .

lqB epP-

-ttr

q8norq] Suppq leq] uorlpzrleal aql paqrosqp pulru dru ]eql suorssas asoql Surrnp se,r,r 11 .u4q peal dlenluala pue uo ratrIeq e 1nd uaaa 'rurq qf,nol plnor I ralel sJnoq eag ro rnog '1eo8 lsrg dur Surnerqoe snql 'SulMolIoJ urlq peq 1 ,os ro 'alu q]I^,t dn-u1of o1 Suelsnru srnoq

tz ulqll^^

e pesneJ 1 'a,r.arqoe plnof, ueru ]er{M Jo

uorlou

q8nor e dpo qlrm 'lrasap eq] ur araql lnc) 'sllr>ls Ieuorlesra^uof Jraq] Jo Surpuelsrapun raleer8 e quoJ lq8norq ltreluor luanbarg 'sreqrea] lsaq dru ara,r.r daql 1eq1 des o] rreJ sl lr a^arlaq 1 pue 's8uelsnur qlrm aurrl Jo 1o1 e luads 1 'pa,no11o; 1eq1 sread aql uI 'asroq aq1;o a8en8uel aql ol IerrlrrJ alp ]eql sarnlsa8 dueru aq] Jo arour puelsJapun o] Surldrualle 'depol 1ro.,lr ol anurluol 1 'asnuard srql palsal -aJ pue palsal sqluoru dueu ro; leql IIeJer I I pue JoJ uorlpla^al e se^{ ]eqJ 'Jeep aql JoJ 'aur Suru8rs a>lrl qrnru sarnlsa8

uolle

,,{.ran3

€.r

'sJolPl

Jo ualsds e sr 11 'a8en8uel

dpoq leqra,l,uou '1ua1s e dllerluassa se.,r,r asroq aqt Jo rualsds uorlef runururol aql ]eql azll€er o] atuel I ueqM >lrom j

-t''""5 i "

-,-*,--

leql ur dlrea se,tl 11

'leAIAJns Jo asuas pesnfoJ e go g13 s/aJnleu Jo asnpf, -aq dpreurud 'sruad uorlpur

i

;r'-lV rllVir +V fr:{':i

L-L "ivrJrL'

09 roJ palsrye e^eq sasroH 'I€rurue ]qBU slqr Jo slfurls -ur aq] af,uPqua o] sruaes srolepard ;o aruasard aq1

lJt}oo

illl

Communicotion

ond BodY Longuoge

believe are cerpredators, which the mustangs by removtain to arrive. I have experimented enclosy;'.. all but one mustang from the

ing

of communiBody language is a primal form sound sigrrals' basic cation, and together with protected it tor has guided animate life and of years' The horse owes his survival

,.rttfln,

system that is' to his efficient communication entirely almost already discussed' as

we have

provides language of gestures' This language system that the herd with a communication with allows them to successfully cohabit horses' by used predators. Sounds are seldom determinfor tut when they are it is generally

a

ing location.

watching Thanks to the,years I have spent I have kinds' all of and working with horses a meanbeen able to put together as definitive to these equine gestures' I have

ing as possible language found a way to interpret their body have disI What and to use my body to reply' Equus of covered, I have called the Language discern(see chapters 2 and 4)'It is predictable' I can usuible and effective' Thi's means that himself expresses ally tell you before the horse cathe that what he is about to do' It means an overt gesture' sual observer can actually see the lanIt is not mystical' It further identifies and guage as one that effectively transfers receives information'

The dictionary definition of communication is " afi actor instance of transmitting Horses living in a herd have to

information."

horses tend communicate to survive' Domestic

wild it is imto be vociferous; however, in the order not portant to be as silent as possible in predators' attract to attract attention-not to When brought into domestic envitonpanic at the ments, I have seen mustangs I have whinnying' horses sound of domestic enclosure' their of run to the corner seen them

their heads huddle tightly together and lower are conto about knee level' I believe they alert the will horses cerned that the domestic

fail

will no"ting that the remaining individual does simply This to calt"to his removed friends' not haPPen with domestic horses' to signal Domestic horses use sound mainly they have a where they are and to be sure that learn how will location on their friends' Horses like "whoa" to react to certain human sounds rather than and "trot," but this is habituation communication'

usSurprisingly, the human communicates Allanguage' i.ng as much as 80 percent body commllnication our of many though we base body language rs systems on the spoken word' our emotions. of the most powerful conveyor volume and and intent. Certainly intonation' virtually as impordemeanor of the speaker are tant as the words he utters' of smell Hotses' highly developed sense part in their and eyesight play an important . their survival' communication and, therefore' this commuThere in the desert, I could watch structure social nication and the sophisticated I came to realize that if I could learn

it created.

posture effecto use my body, gestures and

with them tively, I also could communicate

accept me into their society' like is My communication with the horse iust with the deaf; it is a body language'

und ih"y

*ould

"signing" "Horr"r'

social order gives the herd organiza-

is the tion to the lead mare' The alpha mare young horse power with which to reckon' If a

the *irb"hurr"r, then he may be punished by language' her of use matriarch, who, with the his survival sends him out of the herd where horse is at may be questionable' The isolated

set of risk. Thematriarch, with a different into back gestures, will invite the offender sentence it e ttetO only after an appropriate or infirm horse' has been served' The elderly the family' is of pace unable to sustain the harvested by soon isolated and

consequently

Chapter 1 / The Nature of Equus 6

:

I fr

i I

I

t

'uolssltuqns Io arnlsa6 e'lnqs pue

uedo

11""1^'I[::'H,ll;';

,,'6u11aatu aql

{l

snnbf lo arnlPN aql

/ [ ra]dPql

'sarnlsa6 aulnbf

t'!

t{ )l t4* ]tr

n

lo ue[uJleq)

aq1 aq nor( 1al lllint I 'slql ssn)s!p o1 a1r1 noI PlnoqS,, :u/v\op peaH

iiTl'j

;,tljl,\

,,'ltadsal noI 6u1{ed tue

:l

1,,

..,

iS% a cXJ' .'r

:uo sJe:l

le\

-r,J

'{er*e luarsa;oPe aq} spuas a;enbs sroPlnoqs

pue sa{a uo sa{1

Irt

.\ I{

tr.

lea

cie

.|l'l

m:

Urr

r€I L-l;

ioo

The mare moves to a 45o angle, inviting the adolescent back into the herd.

tf

1\,-.

hr: F*

+t!r\ " )'il l-l

-- It;

1

br

The mare moves to a 45' angle; bird's-eye

Tossing the head in an arc and flicking the

view.

nose up: "That wasn't my idea. I didn't mean to do that!"

r.5 Equine gestures (continued).

predators. The horse knows that isolation is not a healthy state in which to remain. (See figures 1.4 and 1.5 for an overview of some equine

mony. It is my hope that we can go forward from that point in the certain knowledge that we mean no harm to one another.

:E

gestures.)

The Leadership Void

DuringJoin-Up, when I send the horse away from me in the round pen, I am saying,

As the horse is a herd animal, he also relies on

"I am giving you an opportunity to choose for yourself. Flee, if that is what you feel is best for you." I want the horse to be free to choose his own course, because in that state of mind learning will occur. I patiently wait for the requested gestures of renegotiation. When the horse exercises his option to come to me rather than to go away,I welcome him as strongly as I can in the Language of Equus. I reinforce his choice so that we can work together in har-

good leadership for survival. As I touched on earlier, the alpha mare is essentially in charge of the social order of the family group. She makes the rules, keeping the other mares in line and disciplining the adolescents. She also decides the direction of travel, where to eat, sleep and drink, and is therefore the numberone decision-maker in the family. If you assumed that the breeding stallion was in charge of the daily family decisions, you are mistaken.

8

Chapter 1 / The Nature of Equus

'

',Ld

:,

6 spm aq qJIqM uI uollenlls e Jo rulq 3u1pu1uar aql ul lno auu aq '11e1s xoq e ul lnd lnq 'pIaU deur asroq aqJ 'asnqe Jo aJuelsul u€ Jo asroq 'ulerq e purluar deru uollenlls relnrpred V

s,esroq aql q pa38ol ualJo sI pa]llluuroJ sI 'deme Suldurn[ esnqe araqm lualuuorllua aq1

pue 3u1rur,l,r dq l1asru1q ]ralord ol >Iaas IIIM aq ,{poq slq uo paralslu1rupe uaaq seq ured s€q aq g1 'dpnbg 'peaq aql punore llq ueaq }€q] a^allaq 01 uosear dra'l'a sr aJaq] 'Sulqf,Pord -de pueq e;o u8rs due te dn peaq sH sMorq] asroq E uaqM 'sralpuerl ro sJauMo rleql uorJ reaq 1dro1s arues aq] sdenle 1ou st qrtq,l 'para;

-Jns a^eq deql asnqe erll Jo arnleu aql alerlsuo -uap sdenle dlpngr.t IIIM qlllll >Irol,r I sesJoq 01 Ielpaurar aqJ 'luarulearl snot'tard ltraual dllsuadord Suorls e eleq sasroH 'sarnlsa8 rlaql

Sut,trasqo le {rom pue a8en8uel rler{} ureal 'saruarradxa o1 dlt1rqrsuodsal Jno sauroJaq U s,aJII JIaq] aleJlunururof, 01 pual IIIM sesroH 'leurlue ue qfns Sulpuuq Jo {se} eq} aunsse qsrldruocru o1 d1111qe pue a8pal'tlrou>l

lou ro

1I

aql ssassod ppoqs pue 'dpplnb asroq aql lorl -uol o] paddlnba dlradord ueaq al€q plnoqs olr€uels slql ul ueunq rno 'llor p1o-read

-olq e dlrelnrpred pue 'asroq e qllm SuIIeap uaqu. dlqeluaur 1a1opL-3ul{ulrqs aql JoJ luooJ ou sI aJaqJ 'asJom sla8 rorneqaq snoradarlsqo aql aroJaq dplrrnb asroq aql Iooqf,s pue aSreqr a4e1 dlalepaurul lsnru palearJ eleq I olreuals ralpueq aq1 'sdrqsraulred aq] uI asroq aq]

JO

uollenlls asaql ]o sau11app3 aql 01 ploq ol 'roi^eqaq alqe aql ssasse o1 4l1nb aq lsnu aM -ldacreun ro; aulldpsrp Jo sralaurered qs11qe1sa pue rolleqaq alqeldarre preMar lel{l '{eeds ol os 'slualuaar8e are asaql 'sasJoq rno qllm sdlqs -raulred Surlean ]e lualadruoc eurofaq o1 {JoM lsnru'ualuasroq,,Sutdeqs-rolleqaq,, se'a14 .llq€q e pue

snnbl;o ernleN aql

/

t raldeq3

rrlr-: e 3ur33erp 'rsool IJB IltM asroq aql '{lalll osl€ sI 1I dlr.lrlre slql Jo uollelefsa ue aq il:'q araql 1eq] ,{1a{1 dra,t st }t 'anutluof 01 lo!\E: luoq s--

'laeJ -aq slql ,\\oll€ ralpueq aql plnoqs

qll^{ lno

e>llrls pue rear

de.r,re sde,r,rapls qsep

uaql 'ralpueq slq w{-lL ol sappap pu€ llels \{lL'

e u1 1q31u e ruorJ d8raua

dn-]uad seq ag 'poo: 'pre-iuec'

al1nb 3ur1aa; pue pal lIaM sI llol aqJ uado ue ssorfe 1lotr parqq8noroql p1o-rea"'asroq ! -o,,ul 'dqtpaq e 3upea1 sI auoauos

aleJllsaurop alr uaqM saurofaq dlqsrapeal 1ue-rodtut ,ttoq Jo alduexa ue nod a'tr8 aru 1a-I 'dqsrapeal Jo >llel aql Jo asnerau'

rnff,o sulalqord dueur se lnoqe 1nq 'a:ueu -ltuop Jo uollrasse aq] pue upd;o uollrrut4 aql Jo esneJaq uaddeq suralqord asroq IPIE' -aurar duetu 1eq1 anJ] sI 1I 'Joller{aq a'tt}e8au a8ernorua ol lde are ]€ql asJoq aql ol sa8e: -seur paxlu puas alr 'dlqsrapeal apr'tord o1 1te1 o} sraal a,l,t uaq6 'asodrnd e roJ sn r{}Im a8e8ua -unlo^ asroq aql qllq^\ u1 dlqsraulred e se ]1 Jo plnoqs {ulql 01 ralard qlnu I 'lelJole}llp aq 'a3ua1eql sHl ]eql d1dtul o1 ueaur ]ou op 1 afllpe pu€ uollf,aJlp JoJ sn e uo 3uqe1 uaqM

ol qool qll^^ {JoM -rul sl

lI

a1v{

asJoq qlea }eql }ue}rod

'srap€el auroJaq ol sn roJ dro1e311qo

'Surulert dq sasroq rno Jo roheqaq aql o1 ur8aq am sy 'ale1d pue asodrnd

sI U

aruengul

u't,ro slq seq IenpI^IpuI qfea 'arnlfnrls dlnuel aq] uI ]uelrodrul dlprpln sr drqsrapeal 'rapro l€Iros e MolIoJ daq] asneraq lred lear8 ur aAIArns daqt pue sleurlue praq lsrg are daql 'slerutue 1q31g are sasroq pll,n,t aIIqA\ 'dnor8 uleur aql o] uJnlal ol aJuo le {JoM ol daqi ';1o paleredas are auros JI 'azlleuoll 'dnor8

oB

111,r,r

-JerJ o] lou ]saq Ia^aI JIeq] op 11pu daql dpue; aql;o ra,tlod aq] Jo InJpulur uleuar

daql '1q31g a{el sasroq pIIM eq} uaqM 'suolsrlap

'saruelsulnr saIeul aq TIJIqM uo asle aI]lI sl aleql 'se slr{ 3ur1ea1s uIoIJ saleu raq}o 3uldaa{ pue salf

eurof,aq uef rol^eqaq Jo uos sIqJ -Jrf relrurrs ul sasroq asool qtr]er o1

Supdtual]e

paIIDIua^apu€unqotrq,'onqaldoaddue4-ueu8ardBursner;oa8reqruISIaleulSulpeal

'asrtuard ]eq] rapua8 .asoo1 Suruunr sr aq aIIqM esloq aql ol Intrro aqJ']leJ e ]ou sI dldruls U qrnur auop seq poo'ud1og ]eql azlear I uet sapn[u1 'dlsnora8uep Suruunr pue p€al -ua o]

beaten, he may become at once traumatized and defensive. Great care must be taken in dealing with this type of horse. He may be dangerous although he does not want to be. A round enclosure is an excellent place to observe a horse, how he interacts with us and how he is affected by our movements. It is crucial to be aware of his extreme sensitivity to movement. Sharp, jerky movements are effective in sending the horse away from you. Looking a horse in the eye when you want to catch him will simply tell him to go away, so do not be surprised when he turns away from you. A horse is highly sensitive to your eye movements. I can slow a horse down from a canter to a walk in the round pen simply by moving my eyes along his neck to his hindquarters (see p. 90). He is not likely to respond to my smile or a frown because these facial expressions are outside the Language of Equus. If you want a horse to be comfortable around you, move smoothly. You should move as if in hear,y oil. These subtleties are easier to learn through experience than they are to describe with the written word. "Intuition tells us, and research confirms, that nonverbal communication is a major force in our lives. In fact, it has been estimated that nearly twothirds of the meaning in any social situation is derived from nonverbal cues" (Birdwhistell, 1955. Judee K. Burgoon, David B. Buller and W. Gill Woodall, Nonverbal Communication, The Unspoken Dialogue. McGraw-Hill, 1996).

Monty's Points >>

Body language is a form of commu-

nication. >>

>>

Horses owe their survival to this silent form of communication. A horse's language is predictable,

discernible and effective. >>

>>

Domestic horses tend to be vociferous. Mustangs may panic when they hear domestic horses whinnying, thinking the noise may attract

predators. >>

Humans use as much as 80 percent body language in communicating.

alpha mare brings order to the herd.

>>The

>>

Leadership from the horseman is

important. >> Prompt response is critical. >> Proper equipment is essential.

Th

Iha

nici

earl

not

ther The int€

the pre(

>>

Mistakes can be dangerous.

\EJ

>>

Education is all-important.

fuor

>r

Success is more about knowledge

quit

than muscle. >> Horses tend to communicate their

lor

life's experiences. > A round enclosure is an excellent

place to observe horses.

I

guil

arl

hea: sotn

l,r,hi mrO{

taui gen,

I rnal

ism

cotr on5 10

Chapter 1 /The Nature of Equus

tt 'lualul Jnod pu€ ale nod oq^{ Mou)I ol spaeu aH 'lou sI leqM puP uI sleoS aJes sI leq^t Mou{ 01 speau aH o^tl asaq] seq dluo asJoq v 'uorl€arf,ord pue dluo aqr 'aJII

IeAIArns ere a3€n8uel € roJ sasodrnd sV 'asJoq eql ro; tarlrea peuolluaur al€q I

'asodrnd Pasol)slpun u€ a,req deru lsanbar aldurls e sI leqm puu 'srolre; asaqt dQ peuolslp dla8nq aq ueJ urelsds uorl

-ef,runururof ueunq aql'a^eq ]ou op dldtuts sasroq ler{} epua8e uapplq ppua}od e 3uI -rnpoJlul 'uor1lera1u1 pa;rad pnolr paar8 pue o8g 'paar8 pue o8g 'slurulue qllm ro uaaMl -aq u€ql xalduror aJolu sueurnl{ QII'r't uolle:) -runruuroJ a>lelu lEql sroltruJ o^\l eJ€ aJarIJ 'sarnlsa8 q8norql sI asJnoJSIp uryru rlaql lnq '1eo; pue ar€lu aql pue sprlq aq] a{I sa'\Iasuaql 'punos dq dpr fpuapt o] spunos a>1eru daql -eurpd aluflunlutuoJ lou op saazuedurtqr pue sueln8uero 'sade lear8 eq] leq] peraloJslp ,vrou

aaeq slslrolleqaq IeuIuV 'arnpordar dluo paau seqaoure llel-auo aql'uosueduroc'(g'a8en8 -uu1 estrard e roJ paeu aql ralear8 aql'saplxa1d -ruof, aql ra]€ar8 aq1 's1a'ta1 dueur uo s{JoM

t€q} ulerq Ieuolsuaulplllnur e a^eq suelunH 'u€afo aqtr

uI saf,uelslp Sursudrns 8ut1a'ter1 'paztu

-3orar aq ueJ leq] suolleJqll 1no Surpuas ul dlar dpreurlrd sleuureur eas'uollsflunullual

]ou pue 1enlF uoll€lulluapl ue d1e411 lsottl -<; 'sleu; punos aq] 's8uts >1re1 Mopearu eql uaqM -rue duetu ro; luelrodrur 'la,ta'ra'oq 'sr puno5 'uorlelrunururof, sresJoq aql JO auraqJs leraua; aql ul aIDII dra,t' ueatu spunos }€q] aru lq8ne: seq >port dur 'Ja.lamog 'slnoqeareqm s/Jaqloul slq raAoJSIp o1 ldrua]le ue ur Surduurq'r'" a1vl pue 'spunos IeoJ lsol ppo aq] aluarradxa

prniln8 qll.n,r ereur e Sutseal uolllels e reaq r deur a,r,t 'sa1 ',l.a1,,r;o 1u1od alqpnP pue Iensl\ uoJJ qloq 'dr{lpals uleurar ol }ue}rodrur a}rnb aq o] ll pug srazer8 aq] Jo IIe lsorule pue ador taaq 'a1nu dlreau dlprurou ar€ raaq -a1ue

'1erO'r alrni:

uago are ster 3lq 1a>1eu daql spunos eq] urorl saruanbasuor a,l'rle8au JeaJ o] uosear alltll -irl'r

aleq saJoAIuJeJ 'auo dsrou aql ueq] rolepald aq1 ape^a o1 d1a411 aJolu JeJ sI asroq ]ualis aql lPq] aleplp sread;o suollllur ra'Lo snnba olr4

llrnq slaf,eJ ]sa]]u-aq]-lo-IeAIArns Iern]€u aqn 'd1lua1s al€llunururoJ o] paau aq] sl ararll dard sy .a8en8uel rraql ol leJluar 1o{l

,s1eru1ue

are daq] 'spunos a{eru op sasroq

agqrt tallrel

pl€s I sv'esloq pue ueurnq ueaMlaq uolleflu -nururoJ;o sarnlsa8 0/I ra^o paupuapl a^eq

tr

snnbl Jo a6rrn6uD'I aql

asroH

a{tJo

a6un6uuf

aql z D1d01,13

Horses know that humans are predators' People say that I act like the alpha mare' No horse has ever thought that I was the lead mare! They know that I have two atms, two legs, and that I eat meat. Millions of years has

taught them how to handle that kind of animal. They are obliged to use those instincts' Horses know that as a predator I have the po-

tential to attack them. An untrained horse may, when I approach him-arms out, eyes on eyes, shoulders square-read my gestures and body language as predatory and stop what he is doing, pay attention and then probably flee' In the Language of Equus, gestures and body language work together and in synchronization. They must flow to be meaningful' It is critical to remember that your body is communicating whether you realize it or not' It is your obligation to decide how the horse perceives your gestures. Develop a sensitivity to each move you make, each gesture, each flick of your eyes. The horse is watching you' Gestures are central to the communication of the horse. Many of these gestures are known and have been easily recognized for centuries' Even from a mile or so away, horsemen

will

recognize the sight of a stallion circling his herd, his tail held high, and his neck arched and animated. His ears are forward as he trots with a high step in his gait. This is unquestionably the alpha male expressing his control of his harem. Later that day, we might see this horse walking the circumference of his family group, occasionally looking outlvard and pin-

ning his ears flat to his neck. Because ears flat back denote anger and/or aggression, horsemen will at once rcalize that there is probably another male somewhere out there and he is not haPPY

about it.

Should the intruder make his way closer to the harem, we might witness a gesture not often seen in our daily horse world' It is one that

would appear menacing to most observers' Generally conflned to a stallion, and virtually

12

always a threatened stallion, he might well flatten his ears to his neck, lower his head to

within six or eight inches of the ground,

stretch his neck to its fullest length and point his nose directly toward his adversary' He will then often march with knees slightly bent to lower his forequarters, resembling a large cat stalking its prey. The invader will at once tecognize this to be the ultimate admonition to leave at once. (See frgure2.2.) A mare will use a muted version of this gesture to banish an obstreperous adolescent from the herd. However, when I have seen this, I never felt the same cold chills travel my spine

I did when I witnessed a stallion displaying this gesture. A pair of forward ears shows interest in something in front of the horse' Forward ears with the head high denote interest in someas

thing ahead and at a distance. Forward ears with the head held low might mean an interest in something up close and near the ground' The head held in a normal position with a "split ear"-one forward and one back-shows an interest in something in front, while at the same time a concern about something slightly to the rear. The ears are, without question, a window to the interest of

a

horse' Their ears go

where the eyes go, and vice-versa (flg' 2'3)' If you are well away from a family group of horses in the wild and viewing them through binoculars, you can often gain insight into their communication patterns. If you can observe horses who are unaware of your presence, you might find them to have their ears hanging low, pointing east and west, that is, each ear pointing outward from the horse's head. This horse is probably at rest, and relatively confident that there is no danger close by. One can usually note that the lips of this horse will most often be relaxed and hanging away from the teeth. It is not uncommon to find this horse resting one hind leg' When all three of these gestures are present simulta-

Chapter 2

/fhe

Language ofthe Horse

ill

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,,'no{ 1snt1 11,1 ssan6 1

1er,u

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alaq/!\ aes l,uP)

eq1,,

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ol atuo)le^{

1,,

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s& .s'l nrt

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ilia

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q]'pr elt.to;

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pue u/v\op

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'sar(a uo sar(a '1no su.tY

'uollPsla^uo) aql oleld -uro) ol uo a;nssa;d aq1 daa; 'aurl aql buptolgl 'sar(a uo sar(a '1no su.tY

'uo alnssald

aql 6u|daa1 luado s.ra6ug 'sa{a uo sar(e 'lno stule :

'lno stule 'uado

,b"ffi

.--i*.-r Yli'r \\:-/t"'

,i6ryr t .. y"

\

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,{q};or* e aq sl epraq slq urot 1 p1noq5,, :suolldo slq sJeplsuol asloq aqI

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-req) oql aq

!*"l

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:peaq aql 6urddo.rq

'6utr*aql Pue 6ul1lt1

;' 'l\

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'atenbs s.raP;noqs'sa,{a uo sar{a 'PJeMro} 6ut1|eP1

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neously, the horse is unquestionably confident that he is safe.

If you scan the surroundings at this Point, You are not likely to find remarkable circumstances. It would not be

normal to

see

movement

an)'where on the landscaPe. It is probable that the entire

surrounding environment

will be tranquil. Howeveq it is also probable that You will find one horse standing as a look-out generallY in an elevated area. This animal will

now"' z.z A stallion "snaking," a gesture that means "Go away

have ears and eYes that are scanning the surroundings, and a neck and head that are

upright and mobile. Horses rely heavilY on sound, but the olfactorY system of this guard horse will also be hard at work Picking uP any smells emanating from a PotentiallY dangerous Predator'

With

eYes

#4'. ),> \,

constantly at

work, the guard horse will seldom remain static verY long. To witness the guard horse resting a leg or relaxing the lips would be rare indeed' As You view the familY

6A rl-/

c

i:>\-

D

/o 1J

/t

group/ You may see tails moving on horses that seem to be otherwise relaxed and

\ ia,Y \-1f ^.'

E

content. The tail that waves slowly to brush the side of the horse is likelY to be no

z.f (n)

more than a flY deterrent. The same Phenomenon, however, that lazilY moves the tail to clear the flies awaY

shows interest in something behind the horse. flat displays anger and/or aggression'

is hooked to the brain

14

t

for the rear' A horse showing interest in front and concern front' (s) A horse with forward ears shows interest in something (o) Ears back and at a distance. (c) A horse relaxed and at rest'

(r)

Ears back

and

to Chapter 2 / The Language of the Horse

st nod alaqM Jo aJ€lv\.€ aq ol a^Deradurl sI lI 'asrorl aql qllm Suqeap uaI{M saurltr raq}o ile 1e pue dn-u1of 1o ssarord aq1 Supnq ']reluor ada 3u1 -qs11qelsa lsrg dq slql saop lI pu€ saf,uaururor aseqf, aql aroJaq ruqJIA sll sauFuapl rolepard ar{J '}J€truoJ ada;o a:uepodu4 aqt >po'tr dur;o ]uapnls aql uodn q8noua ssardrur louuetr I dlsnotuorureq lsryaor daql uaqm aurrl Jo spopad a8rel are araql 'aro1araql 'pue alef,Iunururor uer daql 'a8en8uel dpoq s,raqlo qJea Jo Surpuelsrapun u€ qlIM 'aloq raleM aues aql ruor;3un1urrp rolepard pue dard aas

o] pnsnun lou sl trI 'srolepard aql 1o a8en8uel aql;o Supuelsrapun ue s€q aq ]eq} Ielluassa sI ll 'pIIM aql uI aAIArns ol asroq aql roJ Japro uI

asroH aql lo aben6uel aq1- / Z la1deql

/r'atu luJeq ]/uop os 'no{ lladsat 1,, sueatu as.roq 6unor( e u1 ,,6u1ddeu5,, (r)

sau!l ,,'1eql oP ol ueau l,uPlP l, sueau -auos ssol peaq V (o) ,,'6ur1aau aql Jo uetu -r!eq) aql aq no,( 1a; llrl,, :u^{op peag (>) 'pler* -ol 6ullulod s! ree aql pelqo aqr o1 6u1ua1s11 s! esrorl

-uo)

eql sueou.l uo palrol

rvrotls

lel (a) 'luauluel (v) l'z

uer ,,6ulrvraql pue

6u11111 ,,

l

r"A

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'sJopeJ asaqt Jo auo dq palloJluol are sasuods -ar slq ilV 'aAIArns o1 pu€ arnpordar o1 'a;q u1

spo8

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dpo

asJoq aql 'aro;aq ples sV

salg uo salfl-faa4ay

PuCI

nuD^PV 's8ullpru uI

]I peuolluau ra^a a^€q,r'r.e; dral leql 'ra'tamoq 'anl1 st lI 'uouaurouaqd sqr 1o aJ€Me aJaM palupnbre ruu I ruoqm qlIM srauleD do1 aql;o 'drqs luarrad gr o] 0r leql punoJ a.l'eq 1 'lle; u1

-u€urasroq Jo plroM aql Jo lsar aql ol uMou{ -un dla.rpelar Surqlauros servr lI 13ql lq8noql 'dn-uto[ ut 1 'lr pararr.otsrp ]srg I ueqM dgpuapl 1 sarnlsa8 rnoJ aql Jo auo sr ,,8u1rtaql pue 3ur4rr1,, 'alqeaar8e Suraq;o uotssardxa ue

pue '1uau4ualuof, Jo arnlsa8 e sr ,,3u1roqr pue 3ut4tr1,, leql poolsrapun 3uo1 al€q sJaulerl poo8 dueur leqt ]no puu o] >1ooq lsrg dru;o uo11er11qnd aql afuls paspdrns uaaq a^eq I 'raplr e urorJ

slsanbar qurr,r dddeq lou sI asroq aql leq] dld -urr sluaura^ou II€l aql esn€)aq alqsrlsap ueql € Japlsuof, plnoM ssal aq

ol esroq ,,IIe1-I{flIMs,,

sraulerl lsolll'uollelerSSe ;o apnlll]e ue 3u1 -da.tuor dgensn st 1t 'astf,Jaxa prrsdqd Jo aurll Supnp srnrf,o slql JI 'qJll,rts II€] € a{ola ua} e

-Jo IIIM epls aql ur rnds e ro Iaaq looq e asnef -3q uaurasJoq se sn o] lsaratrul JO SI ]uaura^orfl 'uope.ter83e Jo ]ualuoJslp Moqs I1el sIqJ

and the horse are looking' First, you In should learn to control eye focus' order for the gesture to be effective' it must be constant' The eYes of a horseman, like those of an artist' are tools indeed. Our eyes convey our intent, emotion, determination' frustration, and failure' Eyes also convey ambivalence, commitment, fear and trust. Horses see what you are saying

with your

./ , ^.,r,,' -.4,';,'' I' ii ' i -6, r':r, "'

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eyes and respond appropri-

ately. Eyes, accordingly, can be softly ii focused and gentle, or focused and

piercing. You must know not onlY what theY are looking at, but whY and how theY are looking' "Eyes on eYes" should immediatelY put the prey animal on notice that his

before the 2.5 A predator identifies his victim eye contact' chase commences by establishing

iif. l, i.t danger. The horse will virtually

begin always recognize this gesture and to make appropriate maneuvets' The determined predator will advancetaut eyes on eyes, shoulders square and muscles-displaying the intent to attack. This should initiate a full-flight as response from the horse, who has his flight distance between a quarter and three-eighths of a mile' This alert and healthy horse will, after that distance, curve his flight Path to observe. The horse is fullY aware that if he continues to exert extTeme effort to run in a straight line for an exces-

on eyes: the lion's piercing gaze is locked on his prey'

2.6

EYes

----%ff-:\

li o;*'r o{rE#}i $g* 1 fxurr- , tti*r '{}lY *&f "1tt'

(rr.r.r A]'ir tPt Ia

<'c!.

sive distance, he is aPt to place his life in ieoPardY

through exhaustion. A subsequent Predator could easilY make a meal out of the significantlY stressed flight ani-

mal. In addition, it is critical to conserve energy and not to mn mindlesslY into the jaws of another Predator'

16

outrun the predator' z.TThehorse flees in an attempt to Chapter 2 /The Language ofthe Horse

I

IL aql se snnbg Jo a8en8ue'I eql Jo aBpalMoDI qf,nur se ssassod I ]?q] luapuuoJ rue I 'aArAJns o] arlsep

esualur ue o1 palFull sr sueunq quM aSenSuul

rlaql

tallree passnrsrp sv 'rreq Jo aldls lsalel

asroH aql lo a6en6uel eqL / Z.ra1deq1

/'aJes

dlpapad q ll pue aru o] Jeau ]uauruorrlua ue sr araqJ 'aur lsnJl uer nod lng 'u.r,ro rnod uo araql lno dels ro 'nod lralord IIrM I pue alu qll^{ dn-urof pue aruo3 'suopdo rnod raprs

-uo:) 'tol e t{etrc oB 'ap}{ e [ette oB 1,uoq,, ar{l Jo '}a{Jeu {lo}s aq} '}q8guol }ea IIIM a,l,r :slql lerlm se qrns 'aydoad ddnrroard ol uaas leql a>1q Surqlaruos punos plnoM 'sproa,r olul lnd JI agl u1 s8u1q1 auepunur aql roJ suraluor rno areqs op daql areme dlrealr aq 'sasroq 1eq1 'uollesraluor Jno qsllqelsa 01 asn I ssaf, lou leq1 qlrm alef,runruruof, uer nod qJIqM dq srala -ord aql sI learlal pue alue^pv 'rolepard 1ou -ruered eql qlIM rerlrrueJ eruoraq nod sy dppga: 'puap; InJasn € aq ppol I leql spuels 'dreuolplp -rapun aq 'sasuas parpbre s1q 3u1sn 'uorlenlrs aq] ezrs aq] slrurl dlluergru8rs srqg eql ssassear o1 sur8aq aq 'pauaddeq seq Iry 'uor1 Jo -erlunruruor -ured Surqlou ]eq} sazrleer asror{.aq} se 'uaq1 dpo sr eare alqelle^e aq1 Jo IeArA -Jns atrurs 'a8ueqrxa a8en8uel sanadsralur o] rolepard p se asJoq aql ol;lasdru 4luapl I surelrad leql asroq aq1;o a8en8uel aqt uop 'dn-urof Su4nJaxe Jo sa8els dlrea aq1 u1 Jo 'sa,l,r1 dpep rno ur sn dlaq p1no,ra. 1I se tal -rod aql dpo augap ol pualur 1 'p raldeq3;o pua aql ]e pue uorlres slql uI snnbg;o a8en8 -]aq uouauouaqd slql puelsJapun o1 aurof, lou -u€T eq] 1o ,,dreuor1o1p, aU] olur qrunel nod aleq aM s8uqaq u€unq ]uellllJq se l€q1 ppo sl aroJaq paulltno aq ppoqs sroltreJ 11 'oo1 'srno 'aar8ap e o] pue alnleu fiaql sI slqJ l€Ja^as 'op sasroq ]eq'\ osl€ sl sIqJ 'sarue^pe aqs pu? 'lsnq slq urea 'aro;araql'upd 1 rurq Sursner lou rue I 'spuelsrapun asJoq aql sleaJlal aq 1s1ear1ar aqs pue saluplpe aH 'uoua derr,r aqtr ur asroq aq1 Surprerr,reJ rue I 'paaleJ -uouaqd slql Jo a8e1s,,1uar1ar-pue-aJuulpe,, -rad lsrg se,r,r se tolepard e lou rue dlpuarr; sr aql sFIl IIel I 'raq uror; Surluarlar sI aq se I ^{ou uorlualur dru leql asroq aql o1 Sururrguor ue rurq premol aruelpe o1 ufaq IIrM aqs 'aluasard s1q 3u1ss17rtr 'uorlualle aql;o pa.Lordde dlsnons 1'f,ette pueq dur a{e} I sV 'aes louueJ aq eare -uof,qns aqs leql sapnlruor dluappns ueurom ue olur Suro8 ure 1 'dn-u1of o1 ur sauroJ eq uaqM peaqaroJ aql uo asroq aq] Sugqqnr dg Sunod aq1 dqaa. Surzrleal ]noqlrm rulq roJ 3ur4oo1 ;lasraq puu pue araql ]ou s,arl '.ro1epa.rd slq enresqo ol uJnl esJoq aq1 e;o 'e;ru ]Pq] alpou dp1:pb IIIM aqs 'dn a,rr8 lllrlt sqlq6ra-aa.rqt pue.ral.renb e ueemlaq a)uelsrp p rallv g'z dlpug lq8pr aq ,(puapy aq ot sldrual -lP srq sJJnqar pue lulq ur lsarelur ou smoqs aqs;1 'os Jo qluou e lnoqe raUV 'aruoq raq 41e.r,r deur aq JI $lse pue palenleJur dysnor,tqo sl aH 'looqls

asJo

'roleF

\. 1.'

,\

-

h

'r(ard

tuo!l

i t 'pel aql

JeUe Jaq roJ slreM pue 's>1ooq raq drrer o1 Supa;;o 'sdep ro; punorc req s^ ol -IoJ aH 'alelusself, alerual a^llrer]]e ue slods oq,u Iooqf,s q8tq ut uuru Sunod aql Jo oueuefs ar{} reprsuo] '}lnser o] drqsraulred e asner dlTenluale pue asJoq e qlrm uoseal otr sldaruor asaq] asn u€J nod'asroq e qlIM elef,runur -uroJ ol 3upue.tr Suraq uuunq u sV

Wright Brothers did about the science of manned flight, but it is my belief that I am but scratching the surface of this phenomenon and that within a few decades it will progress significantlY.

Monty's Points >>

Sounds do not play a central role in the horse's communication sYstem'

> Many species use body language' Horses have no ego or greed' > Our bodY is lpeaking with each

>>

gesture we make. >r

lt

is our

obligation to be aware of

how the horse Perceivet us. > Most

flight animals use little or no

sound.

rrThe horse's ear$ are a window to his interest. r>Virtually every part of the horse's body helPs to create gestures' >> lt is easy for the predator to find a noisy horse' > Advance and retreat is a conversation between Predator and PreY' rr lt is a phenomenon occurring in all animate life. >r lt allows the horse to learn to trust' r>

Rubbing the horse on his forehead confirms mY intentions are

friendly.

Equine Vision It

is very

important for the student of my

methods to know about the primary elements of the horse's vision. The eyesight of the horse and the information the horse receives through his eyes are directly connected to the knowledge of his language and responses to his environment. Much of the language of the horse is learned; it is not all instinctual' I received two horses at Flag Is Up Farms to be started. One was born, and still is, com-

pletely deaf; the other was born blind' The

blind horse was rescued and subsequently had time eye surgery to remove cataracts' From that on, he had limited vision, the depth and range of which were difficult for us to judge' The deaf horse responded toJoin-Up in an average time' reading all the signs and responding to me normally. The blind horse had very little information about his own natural language and was

unable to understand what my gestures meant' having spent the early part of his life blind'

/\

//

t-u

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' -'a

b

\

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l&

e

\

li:r\

l

tl

1

I

'tr,l

t,

l1 ii

ii

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t'

SrrND AR€{

2.9 Equine field of vision:

(l) 285' monocular

vision; (e) 65" binocular vision; (c) 10' blind'

18

Chapter 2 I fhe Language of the Horse

6t

asloH eql ro a6en6ue1

aql

z

''ia:l1rns'rr-

: os sr 1r ,{qan sl slql 'uol}Pruls )Li- : I '4oo1 puoras e a{e} uaql aq IIL\\ fi- -i-;:: t'r"' 'aeLl .- i' -: rl' '\ ]€ sI aq sasuas aq uaq.tL dpg '"raBuep

ol uollJeJr IeruJullsul u: :+" :

'pr

re

-

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'(sueunq u!luPlsuo) 'sesloq lan.rau r11do 11rdnd

(r)

1e1rsnr.u

(r)

u1 a;qe1.ren)

qJIqM'llalqo ali-lr'-: - : : 'rlLI

a)uelslp lerol (t)

!e.rells (r) !eu;la.r

(r)

1sual

(o)

(a) leauro) (v) :pe.redruor sa,{a ueunq pue aulnbl

1s1't1

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aq: :::;- ;' : --' ;

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aJaqM'Uolle.'g. -.tl : - -' -rad gg lnoqe astoi :--- ,-; ,i: ela aql Jo JIrLL-:--: : - -

'sMopeqslt'- :----" uauo sasrot{ li- >:-- " -:ri qllqm puno:8 aul ;. - . " i aq plnoJ rlopeus L; "-: ;", 4aql Jo saer8aP !\-; ''-:..]rtli -1xo:dde ut srL\- OU SI

:'

-

-

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alaq] OS 'IPIlLr'a; ' * :uLl Suruteurl: :!.- : -ri

saaJBaP

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JeTnf OuIq ale uoit: ". : : ; n aarSaP-ggg )q::- :---: j, ,i,1, - '.,- "r..

99 ]noqv 'sea:SaP |l!]: Jo pIeU apr,ra ira-r E l-'rE 'aJ€J

eql

+o apls

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apnrlord iaql asni:'r: : -l' I -'':- -

letuuJetu pue; iue

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aql Suoure are s+-i: !

:';

rqJ 'relnJoulq lnq -:' ' fre palJlJlsal JO

P

qlllr :.r

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alllll lPLi: :+ -'- st ]l Jo ^JJ.\ 'lualls si :'::: trr 'puofas aql;o a8en8uel lPrl::; : -']eq] paMoqs luaruuadr-: ; -. -

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important not to get angry with a horse when he responds adverselY to some-

thing we Perceive

as

harmless

and small.

z.rr Equine blind sPots. Each eYe of the horse individually records information of the eye. The horse has very little white and which does not necessarily translate to the sometimes exhibits none at all. The pupil is set other brain hemisphere. Unlike the human, horizontally going from one side of the eye to the horse has a limited ability to cross-referthe other. There is also a membrane at the back ence information taken in through each eye' of the eye, the tapetum lucidum, which reflects This is why a horse accustomed to being back through the eye cremounted on the nearside may take fright when light and the image This has the effect absorption. light ating more handling of a mounted on the offside. Correct horse should consider this aspect of his physiology. A horse handled more on the nearside will often be less desensitized on the offside' Scientists maintain that the horse does have two narrow blind spots. One is immedi-

ately behind him in an arc of about 5 degrees, and the other is on the forehead and up to 6 feet (approx. 2 meters) in front of him and beneath his nose. Ifthe horse is attacked from behind, he can defend that approach with his hind feet. Therefore, caution should always be taken when approaching a horse from behind, as it is possible you will be viewed as an intruder into an area difficult for the horse to

fully

assess.

The flight animal's eyesight is highly evolved to identify moving objects. Obviously, this is linked to survival. He will often be alarmed by shapes or moving obiects for which he has no previous reference. Even static objects can cause alarm if seen to resemble a predator. When working around a horse, I always attempt to move smoothly and with consistent speed so as not to be associated with the

NWt Vision A horses' night vision is better than a human's' This is primarily because the eye is almost en-

20

goes through the

bright lights of a car are magnified in the horse's vision, which can cause considerable confusion to the horse.

Focus A horse does not focus as we do by contracting and dilating the pupil. His eyeball is not circular. When light enters through the pupil and

falls on the upper part of the retina, it allows him to focus close up. When it falls on the lower part of the retina, he can focus at a distance. This is why a horse moves his head, raising it to see fat, and lowering it to make out objects nearby. He does not have the advantage of sharp focus that we do, which may explain the hesitation when faced with some object similar to one he is familiar with, yet not easily identifiable.

It

aggressive movements of a predator.

tirely cornea. No light

of magnifying the amount of light on the retina. Because of a horizontal pupil and a large cornea, the horse has the advantage of having more light to work with for identification in the dark. It is important to remember that when riding in the dark, the approaching

white

is often helpful to allow a horse to lower

his nose to an object on the ground to examine it in detail. When a horse approaches a jump, he may slightly raise his head to focus on the obstacle. As he approaches takeoff, he loses sight of the jump and has to rely on his

Chapter 2 / The Language of the Horse

LZ

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aql

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The Intuitive Horse ln1942, at the

age of seven, I had a personal

experience that brought a phenomenon to light that I believe was relatively unheard of before my time. I had a raw horse come to me and trust me to put on his first saddle' The adults around me were frightened by this event and seemed certain that I was flirting with disaster. I do not recommend that children experiment with raw horses, but it seems

to me quite clear at this point in my career that horses can read the agenda of human beings far more clearly than most of us ever thought possible. It is likely, if you have been connected to the horse business for any length of time, you have had a story relayed to you where a child could successfully work with a horse where adults had failed' It seems plausible to me that the horse can identify members of the human species who have no agenda to harm. In recent years I have been closely connected with therapeutic riding and I am constantly amazed at how horses respond to physically challenged children and adults. Recently, I was at a therapeutic riding facility where I met a man in his fifties who contracted Parkinson's disease and was seriously disabled at the time of our meeting. He was a full-sized adult who had been a school teacher whose mind was fully functional. The horses seemed to read that he was in trouble

physically; they appeared to be attracted to and protective of him. Equally interesting is that the predators of the world are inclined to act out violently toward the weak or disabled. I believe nature must be working to rid the environment of the weak and dysfunctional, acting exactly opposite to flight animals. The predator will often turn on individuals that he iudges to be easy prey. There are examples of lions and bears turning on disabled trainers. One virtually never hears of flight animals attacking helpless humans.

22

We humans, being of the fight mode, have

been known to take advantage of disabled members of our own species' It is not unheard of for counselors of abused children to ultimately take advantage and further abuse them' I have referred to rape victims as "stunned fish,"

recognizing that the male human predator will often re-victimize these vulnerable people. The stunned bait fish tossed into a school of millions of its own kind will give off the vibrations of r,rrlnerability that are likely to attract the intended predator fish who selects them over the healthy ones. I believe that it is likely that horses have adopted or attempted to adopt vulnerable human beings. These facts might explain why horses seem quite comfortable around physically challenged people and able to respond to their needs, carrying them with a surprising awareness of this responsibility. As we further examine the ability of the horse to detect the agendas of the human species, let us investigate another in the list of human ailments that seems to connect us somehow with the horse, a flight animal.

Autism In the United States autism affects over 400,000 people. It occurs in approximately one in 500 births and five boys to every girl. It is the third most common developmental disability, following mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Shortly after my first book was published, I began to receive comments from the parents and caretakers of autistic children. One after another they seemed to echo the same message. They told me that my theories about communicating with horses had a very close relationship to the messages conveyed to the medical community by autistic people studying this problem. They made me aware that autistic people are often very much like flight animals. They are seldom sure that people with autism can fit into the society around them. Autistic people are often nonverbal and strong Chapter 2 / fhe Language of the Horse

EZ

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2.r3 The horse is a distractible animal'

Distractibility

is the tendency therefore to

be aware of everything happening in his vicinity. In the horse world, this is a great asset; in the human world, it is a disability' Modern man functions best if he can focus on one thing at a time. For example, it is important for the student to be able to block out the dis-

tractions of the classroom and concentrate on the task in hand.

Many children suffer from distractibility'

It is not that they do not want to focus on one thing, they simply cannot. People who suffer from this disorder find it virtually impossible to screen out peripheral sounds' For some autistic people, external cacophony can become a nightmare. Their only defense is to retract into another world, closing off from the distractions around them. Distractibility can' as we have implied, be an asset; it is to the horse. For those ofyou who have chosen to train horses or simply to ride and handle them for your own pleasure,

is useful to understand this phenomenon' If we become aware of its existence as a normal

it

part of the horse's makeup, we will be far more tolerant of behavioral patterns that have angered many horsemen. It will serve us well to intelligently approach distractibility in the horse and learn to deal with it appropriately' Each of us who has spent signiflcant time

within the horse industry will recall horses 24

being hit or yelled at because they shied from an unfamiliar object. So often the human's first response to fear is to attack. If we are to be good horsemen, we need to modify this behav-

ioral pattern within ourselves and learn to respond in a responsible fashion' I flnd myself stroking the horse on the neck and saying things like, "You silly boy, that's not going to hurt you." I would be distorting the truth if I told you that when a horse slams all four feet on the ground and iumps three feet to one side or the other that it does not startle me; it does' What I must do, howevet, is Pull mY adrenaline down, telax and respond to the horse in a cool, unhurried fashion' Horses

will synchronize with their rider or handler' If your adrenaline is up and you act out ballistically, your horse is apt to emulate your actions' Often this will escalate so that the horse and trainer simply alternate unacceptable behavior until there is an outright fight that never solves problems. Many horses have been permanently damaged by this phenomenon and good horsemen should seek to understand and control this resPonse to fear. It seems important at this iuncture to investigate the positive uses of distractibility in the training of a horse. I often use the horse's characteristic of distractibility in the Join-Up' One of the first procedures where I use distractibility on a regular basis has to do with the horse Chapter 2 / The Language ofthe Horse

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srq Jo JauroJ aql ut 1q31r

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q llq

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dru

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Chapter 3

Building Trust Trust child I watched my father apply the principle, "You do what I tell you to, or I'll hurt

As a

you!" to the horses that went through his hands. He often applied the same concept to me. Did the horses feel the same resentment that I did toward the needless pain inflicted upon them? I do not recall learning anything through being physically punished except how to avoid such an incident. Even then, I questioned whether an environment dominated by pain, and therefore feaq was productive. I obeyed him because that was what my father wanted. I loved my horses and knew that I wanted good relationships with them, surmising that there might be a better way. I was, therefore, from a very early age looking for a way to build a trusting relationship, a 5G-50 partnership. Through my observation of the mustangs in the desert and being constantly around horses, it occurred to me, as I watched them moving about in a close-knit herd united for survival, that trust and communication were the keys to their success as a species. After much observation, I could put the rudiments of their language together. I believed that if the horse could trust me, then the whole learning process would speed up. I felt strongly

26

that the answer was through communication' It was many years before I could share my methods with the public. I produced good horses and no one knew how. After my father died, I went public. The rest is historY. The desire to dominate is prevalent in man, the quintessential fight ar1imal. It ruled my father, but if you want the best from your horse, you must trust. Join-Up creates trust and conversely trust must be established with the horse before Join-Up can occur. Trust is the basis of everything I accomplish with the horse, and Join-Up is proof of the existence of trust within that relationship. By establishing trust,

I am creating azone around me where the horse feels comfortable enough to willingly Join-Up with me. At the moment of Join-Up,

'Utnil

he extends the circle

of

carnp&ssion to aII living things,

men wiII not find peace."

-Dr.

Albert Schweitzer

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I

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rraql a8eueur

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pn-s

-qJal aql uo op I se paseq dlqspualq e pauad -uof,eJ o] sI op uer nod lsaq aqJ,'uraql o] -duq seq 1eq,r,r laSro; Jalau pasnqe sasroH r{ttro ,,'spuaFJ a^eq I JI oaIAIIIS u€f pu€ I€urlue praq € ure 1 'nod lsnrl I lno-r' I pue aur o1 saurof, asroq aqi 11,1,, 'sdes IIU,vr

^els

Montyt'Points xThough notaeceptable; it is possible' to control through fear. rr lt ls better to create a partnership through trust. >foin*Up is not possible without trust. rr Understanding will overcome fearn Trust b'uilding is,a never-ending

prOc€SS'

l

Equine Orientotion Horses have an innate internal compass. Animals in general will demonstrate a natural

orientation. Horses can track themselves back from where they came and know in which direction they are going. I have ridden horses throughout long nights in the wilderness. I can recall often when I was certain that my horse was trying to take me in the wrong direction. I can remember arguments that I had with my horses, certain that I knew more about where we should be going than theY did. When I take a horse into the round pen, I move toward the center and face the horse in several different directions, rubbing his head each time I pause. This introduction allows the horse to orient himself, helping him to feel more comfortable in his surroundings. The horse has a directional mechanism so incredible that we human beings have difficulty in understanding it. The horse is far more likely to relax and accept his lessons if he is comfort-

stances. Snowstorms and other harsh conditions will often leave the human less than completely competent to iudge the appropriate direction to travel. Horses possess a vastly superior compass mechanism to that of a hu-

man being. One lady recently sent us a story about getting lost on a mountain trail ride. She ex-

plained that when night fell she became very cold and her hands were so numb that she could not even hold the reins. She was paralyzed with fear as she buried her hands deeply in the pockets of her coat. Under the circumstances, she made the decision to completely trust her horse. Approximately seven hours later, she recognized the ranch headquarters; the horse had safely escorted her home. Once his head was free, her mount used his natural orientation. We should not view this as an ex-

ceptional feat. We should understand horses well enough to know that this is something they do quite naturally. Just as we use tracking dogs or homing pigeons, horses too can be used to enhance the human's limited sense of direction.

Monty's

Points

ffiX

> florses have innate internal compasses.

>When taking a horse into the round pen, ori€nthim in each direetion. >> Orientation allows the horse comfort. >r Trust your horset. natural compass. :

ably oriented. Since the publication of my first book we have received many letters relating stories of horses that took their riders home. Some of these tales tell of quite frightening circum-

28

Chapter 3 / Building Trust

67

uI ]nq uad punor aql q dluo lou letrIlrrf, sr pue 'asroq aq1;o arueruro;rad pue d1a;es aql roJ s1 Supoog '3ur1oo; eq] sI ued

qloq luegodrul

punor u;o slradse letrllrrJ ]soru aq] Jo aug 'apou paxelal pue alqeuoJruof, e ur alerado ol lptrUJrp aloru reJ 1r sa>leru lndlno d8raue paseerJur aqJ 'aur uo pueuap ralearS

qf,nru e u1 Suppsar ']eal tI dlalerurxord -de o1 saseanur luauraJnseau leql uad punor I uaqM'Jalaluerp q ]aaJ leql alcrrc aq1 'uad looJ-09 e ur

>IJO^I

8 lnoqe sr asn dlleuosrad I

punor looJ-gs e ur {rom I uaqM '4se1 srq a1a1d -uroJ o] af,uslsrp lsalroqs aql sle^erl reur€Jl aql 's1ql paqsqdurole 3une11'relueJ alqelroJruof, e ro;3upa.o11e ayqrssod se Ilerus se sr

uad punoJ

aq] ueqM urnurrldo paraprsuof, aq ppoqs 1r ,o5 'uad punor aql Jo raluatr aq1 ur ra8rel qonur

qlaqa;N

leql

IaaJ

1

pue 'spueq

qlIM leap

o1 aur

pn.r1 6u1p;gng

9I ra^o

7

g.raldeqA

IIaM spoolqurel\t

sailnbal uauo dueruraS ul

>1ro,r,r d7,q ralauerp u1 (sralaur 91 'xordde) faa{ 97 dlaleurrxordde uad e ur sluurru€ raflsrus asaq] qlIM leap ol rarsua Jr pug 1 '1q8nq uq

spueq ZI o1 11 sapod qslaM pue sasror{ 4p -ueIaJI Jo srequnu 1uergp31s qlr,r. lpap '1sed aq1 ur 'azreq dlrypneaq suad rool{S 1 4ro,l,r ftu rayen! 'sparq I 'spuerl 9I

pue 'suerqery pue sasroH

-q8noroql

q1r,vr

dlednupd

4ro,r,r

ol tI Jo sasroq appes leruJou roJ azrs urnupdo aq] sI sUI'(sralaru 91 'xordde) ]eal 0S ]o tuaur -arnseeru ralauerp € pasn I 'qBH laag g d1a1uu

-rxordde s1p.r,r.4ue1d pllos Jo suad punor.lru lllnq I srurcC dn s1 3e1g uO 'relatuerp ur (sralau 99 'xordde) laal 0gI suad punor uaas aseq

l pue '(sralaur 61'xordde) laeJ 0t suad prmo"r uaas a^eq I 'azrs ul parJe^ arreq daql 'sarq uala Jo sauols 's>1ue1d 's3o1 :s1eua1eu ]uaJaJlTp dueru;o palrnJlsuof, uaeq a^eq suad punog 'uorssrruqns a^alq*

tluoIN-

,,:ap I']bqm r(q aw,a8pn[ taw lnq lula jfrI4lvt tal aut'?)1utr:e2sson,, I

ol paplgur se.tr ured araq^,vr areld e 'uorltu -lurop Jo areld e 'dlqsueruasroq 1euoplpeq q 'se,u uad punor aqJ 'peaq srq ra,ro dool e pE dysea ppor ralpueq aql 'rolupard qq adersa ldruape ue ur uad eql punor padolle8 asroq aql sV 'pIIr{J e se dep dra.ra spoq}au asaqt

o1

alf,rrJ e alerlo8au ol Jlasurq reulerl aq1 sannb -ar 1r 'an4 sr uorsnlJuof, l€ql aIIr{M .spaalq ;o urnrpads ilry aq] ssone Surpeal radord JoJ luauuorrlua ue apr.tord plnoM slql se 'xordde) laa; 'sasroq Jo sazrs ge ro; (sralaru 97 1dq,r,r >Ise p1nol

69;o uad punoJ

e asn

lou op

nod rp; suaas lI 'uad punor looJ-gg e ur dlqe -uoJruof IaAeJl IIrM sasJoq atues esoql .ralelue

-1p q laal 97 yo uad punor e ur (esran elrl ro 'pulqaq peal 1q31r pue luoq ul peal rya1) payun

-srp Ia^eJl ol pua] 11ral 'spueq 91 'des s,1a1 to sasJoq lsolu ]eql paJrlou a^€q J 'JeaJ pue luo4 peal aru€s aql Suluplureru taluer ol asJoq

ael Jo dlrrqeder aql sr azrs uad Surururralap ur dlasolt lsour alJasqo I leq] rolleJ aqJ

paqlle^l I 'leuorlrpeJl

o1

I

I 'xordde) taal t9 ol Z9 lo ralauerp

se u,\,lou>I erueraq

let[l

padolarrap spoqlau Sururerl 1eq1 sanbruqral asaql ruo4 seM ]I 'ua>Iorq pue paraqlal 'peo![ -sel aram daql araql se,ra. 11 'suad punor olu[ uaarJp pue paraqle8 ualJo araM sasroq pIrA\ 'eruuallrur aql q8norqg palrlJns seq auaql JeIIurs e lnq ,parre!, a.,r.eq uad punor aq] ur sanbluqral'luaupuof uulsv aql uo o8e sread;o spuesnoql pesn ac!-u, daql leql af,uaprle sl alaqJ 'sauntrual dueur ro; eluelsrxa ur uaeq arreq suad punou 'Ioo] alqs dlaurarlxa ue sr uad punor e 1nq 'eare,ruu -n1err

]sorule ur dn-urof qsrydruole uer nodlet1g ]I 'uad punor aq] qllm rerlrrueJ aruofaq plno^!!. I

anrl

sr

spoqlau dru Sursn auodue leq] as4pe

'sasroq esaql JoJ alerrdordde aroru sr (sralaru

8I

uacl punou

e

aql

each area of training. It is with these facts

mind that I have devoted

a section to

it

in

(see

"Footing," on the next Page). As my career developed, I discovered that I needed to be able to move a pen around' In 1.989, at Windsor Castle in England, a portable round pen was built for me' It was constructed of welded galvanized mesh. It was an effective design because it was light, safe and allowed viewers to see into the pen without having to be elevated. I demonstrated my work in this enclosure for Her Maiesty, Queen Elizabeth II, and it was the first time that I had ever worked in such an environment. I was amazed at how the horses accepted this type of fencing and remained attentive to me, even though they

create an octagon can serve quite nicely as a

substitute to a perfectly round enclosure. When the pen is circulaE it encourages the smooth flow of uninterrupted motion which allows for communication without the distrac-

tions generated when the pace is significantly altered. In the environment of the round pen I can set up response-based communication. The configuration of the round pen allows the horse to flee, yet remain at the same distance from me. If the pen is oval or rectangular, the horse could simply go to the point furthest from me. This would tend to break up the flow

c0Il!

tion [1r€E

ahil

r!

I iJffi wile t for

the alwr nica

I

t0r ena

of motion and make smooth communication more difficult. The flight distance of the horse is the distance he is apt to use trying to maintain a safe distance from his pursuer. This usually amounts to about a quarter to threeeighths of a mile. Once flight is no longer his choice, the horse will instinctively begin to communicate with his pursuer, tending to circle. Nature has instilled the understanding that if the horse continues to flee he is likely to

dNn.{

trn,

is important duringJoin-Up and is a place where the student of equine behavior can ob-

encounter another predator, eventually lacking the energy to successfully escape. Through survival of the fittest, the horse has come to realize that he is more likely to survive by conserving energy through communication and

serve the horse's natural language. If given a

negotiation.

&e

horse, but no bridle, halter, Iine or round pen,

It should be noted that the predator must also be deeply concerned with energy conservation. The predator who burns more calories

hu

could see through it. In recent years, I have designed my own version of a portable round pen and it is what I now use for my demonstrations worldwide. To date, I have worked with more than 3,000 horses using this type of enclosure with virtually no injuries or significant mishaps. My round pens are certainly not intended as places of trauma, quite the opposite. The round pen is my boardroom, my meeting place and my second home. This piece of equipment

I could still achieveJoin-Up by communicating with the horse using my body language. I've proven that one can doJoin-Up without the use of a round pen in open country; howeveg it takes longer and requires far more

effort. I am asked by many observers of my work why it is necessary to have the enclosure round instead of another configuration. While JoinUp can be achieved in a square or rectangular enclosure, the corners in them serve as spots that disrupt the flow of energy. Certainly a square pen with the corners paneled off to

30

in pursuit than he consumes will eventually face starvation. It is with this knowledge that the horse comes to understand the value of negotiating with his adversarY. In a proper round pen a person can control the energy expended by the horse. Through communication one raises the horse's energy output and conversely effectively reduces it. When I am working with a horse, I fully understand that he is of a species who synchronizes with life around him. Slmchronicity is key to Chapter 3 / Building Trust

iif[lls

tsc mre. ,"Cn

l]mn

nilt

int

l€fl hrit

retr

dle rfiJ

tf,U

cnn

W im ryl

effi

ttr ryr

i,sr sht

!u

im

Or

t€ 'sasroq Jno o1 InJureq

leq] SupooJ plo^e o1 dr1 plnoqs sn;o qrea'a1q1ssod ralaraql4'punor8 q8nor d1a'tts

aq p1nol

-saf,xa urorJ Surslnrq luanard o1 sped raql€al

apnlrul sdeqrad pue saoqs 1aa1s d,reaq qlyur looJ s,asroq 1!

rnod iloddns nod teql luelrodrur sl ol a^eq nod;1 '3u1

'IeD pellu-euols

e uo epu

-1oo; uarrr8 aql qlll\,l Suqeap;o ged luulrodrur

ue asroq rnod;o saoqs aql Japlsuor o1 nod ro1 alqes4pe sr 11 tanamog 'nod ol aIqPII€AP sI ]eq] 3u11oo; aql uo aplr o1 pa311qo are nod 'sraplr arnslel pue llerl aq deur oqu. nod Jo asoql JoJ 'd1snor.tqg 'au11dpsp l€qm ral]eru ou 'sasloq qll^\ {roM o} }no 8up}as aroJaq 8ur1oo;;o pue dpnls o1 ueuasroq poo8 e roJ IeP

aJe,r,re aq

-uasse sI lI a^aqaq I 'sasJoq Sulurerl;o ssarord aq1 ;o ged luelrodun dlaruarlxa ue sl Supooc

6ur1oo1

'sllpJluof alBaJf, ol ate;d e aq uE) uad Punor Y<< 'uolleluorluof, moqll/v\ dpqs"rapealJello uPf, suad punog

qulod

<<

<<

1sn.r1

6urPl1ng 7 g'ra1deql

'uorlerlo8au;o ssacord

aq1

ufaq snql pue

saruanbasuor a.tr1lsod a}€arJ o] ssed uer noi qJIqM q8norql plrod e se parurall eq ppoqs asuodsar duy 'Suqaas are arur ]eq] a8ueqr sI pue a8ueqf, pJerurol dals lsru aql sl asuods

1r

-aJ V 'Japlsuor d13u1p,l,r ol lde sr asroq aq] qllqm euo pue ']lelluor e saleaJl d1a'tpra;;a srql'luum nod auo aql lou sI la8 nod asuods

-ar aql JI peol >lrom aql asearf,ul ot luelrodun 'selqoqd asaql de11e ol a8ueqr awarf, uel s1 11

au. 'spuelsrapun asJoq aq1 aSen8uel e uI uollef -lunruuroJ q8norql'd1a1xue ro/pue rea;']srul

-slp qllM lueuruoJl^ua slq]

olul seuroJ asroq

e safuelsurnrrn dueru ur leq] .ryroDl aM 'rueal arues aql uo aJe a,lr ldasra[ JoIof, arues aq]

Surreau, qloq ar€ a,vr araqM aruld e st uad punor dyq'a.tpoa[qns aruof,aq ro sasuodsar s/asroq aq] azrleuosrad 1ou ppoqs ag 'a-tpra[qo uleuar sdea,r,1e lsnru raulurl aql'uapplJ pue palplrq 'palppes aq o] JIasuIq molp d13uq1lu. ol dlrunl -roddo aq] asroq erll JeJJo o1 sI qf,IqM'azr.rllaf -qo dur;o lq8rs asol ralau I 'uad punor aql uI asroq aql o1 puodsar pue elef,Iunruluof, I sV 'uoF€IosI 01 a^ueu -ralle ue snql pu€ dn-urof a,l'a1q]e o] aru sMoI

-p a8en8uel s/asroq aqt;o Supuelsrapun uV 'asJol{ € roJ a}els leJn}eu e }ou sI uol}elosl 'aru qlu,r dn 3u1uro[

'uo!lP)!untutuof JoJ tuntultdo aJP suad Punog << 'alqera;a;d sl adeqs Punor V<<

'etunsjl lnoq]!/v\ auoP aq ol {Jo/t^ /v\ollp uPl suad punou < 'agqepod aq uer suad PunoX << 'lef,!]!r) sl 6u1loo; pooD << 'lueuodtu! s! ezls alPlJdorddv<< 'slool alqPnlE^ {;aua.rya aq uef, suad Puno1 << 'plo s.rea{;o spuesnoq} ale suad punou

$-ee

1o d1111q1ssod

aql raplsuor ol

seq asJoq aql'umo slq uo sI aq leql Surlerlsuo -rrrap rue 1'1,le*te asroq aql puas I sV 'uol]rnp -ordar lnoqe Suqulqr lou sI aq uad dru sralua asroq eq] uaq6 'aAIAJns o] pue arnpordar o1 q sleo8 orvq seq asroq aql raqrueuag

-aJII

'lsnr] o] aruof, pue rulec dels 'uor1ellu -muuroJ p€ar o1 uollrsod e uI sulerual sde,u'1e Ieurlue aq1 'a8en8uul uMo slq uI asroq aql arra. 'dlradord uad punor aql asn a1v\ lf,aJlp u€J

uaqM'uorleluorJuotr lnoqtrlm dlqsrapeal ra;;o ol rauleD aI{1 sMoIIe 1I se rnf,ro o1 3ulurea1 ro; areld alelrdordde ue sapr,rord uad punor y 'aur lsnJl o1 eurof pue ]noqP Iue I ]eq^\ uJeal uuf, asroq aq] qJII'IM u! luaul -uorl^ua ue aleaJJ o1 {roM I 'Ul!{Op s{eaJq uol} -esJa^uo) aq] aJuasqe sll uI 'uoll€Jlunururo:)

s,d1uo61

have a the cutting horse. Obviously, if you

on To educate the reader about my ideas the to comments footing, I will confine my

you training ground for harness horses only'

creation of footing for round pens' training riding is tracks and other areas where regular to take place. I will attempt to cover several and then disciplines with which I am familiar'

so should come back to about Yzinch of sand smoother a on that the vehicles can travel

generalize where I have had less experience' It is my opinion that most activities involvon a ing the training of horses are best done a surface that approximates the following: sub well-drained area covered with a clayJike

base of approximately 6 inches,

with

a L%-

to

creating 2-inchcoarse sand surface' If you are have to may you a training area from sctatch,

build in your drainage by laying down

a

foot

be or two of gravel as a sub base' This should can esdone sufficiently so that water below On surface' cape the confines of the training down lay top of the gravel it is advisable to prevent clay about 6 inches in depth' This will

deep' your training surface from becoming too moist slightly while The clay should be rolled lower to pack it firmly in place' With the two

of coarse layers established, add lYzto 2 inches surface' training the sand to complete

Crowning or sloping the grade of your training area can help you in creating drainmainage. It is essential to realize that when the into tear not must you taining the surface You clay' and sand clay base, thus mixing the should use a light harrow so as not to destroy the integrity of your footing' Maintenance mainshould be confined to the sand area to

level, firm claY base' This surface is quite effective for disciplines

tain

a

reinsuch as iumping, hunter competitions' equitatrail' pleasure, horse, ing, working cow fivedressage, hack classes, three-gaited' gaited and harness horses, also Tennessee

tion,

Wulk"rr, Peruvian Pasos, Arabians and general horse show comPetition' by The cutting competition may be done of Vzto3/+ increasing the depth of sand another by inch in the area of anticipated herd work an

surface.

6 Many equestrians feel that they want learned inches of sand on their base' I have causes usually this that over my 60-plus years strain The good' more damage to a horse than affect the of footing that is too deep can often spine and pelvic attachments, and tendons and ligaments in the lower extremities' If you are training the reining horse to to keep achieve a sliding stop, you may want poryour sliding areas a bit dryer than those would you where tions of the training area

figure-eight, sPin or work a cow' his A good trainer should remember that The sand surface can never remain the same' step of a Every is an ever-changing substance' parhorse and every harrowing will fracture

your ticles of sand, thus constantly causing sand the Once finer' coarse sand to become clay the like more act has broken down, it will Care from which you have created your base' the should be taken to remove and replace to quickly too pack to sand when it begins day's the remain friable footing throughout

training schedule. It should be said that if you put the

sand -

ot under a microscope, it should be made up are There ones' jagged particles and not round America rorrr."s of round sand in North

-uny

and this type creates a surface that I have horses' learned is quite dangerous for training closely' too The round particles fit together becoming less than friable, and I have experifracenced far too many bowed tendons and

usually tures using round sand' Round sand is sand is Beach sea' created by the actions of the is round, while river sand or crushed sand jagged, thus creating the friable, gritty suface that I recommend. If you get sand from a source created from Chapter 3 / Building Trust

32

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sr asroq

Sunod aq] 3u1upr1 araqr* sarnparord

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ul

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afeJrl s

r pu{ jpn -fz[ -pa

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'sasJ(

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Jo

p

daql reqr punoJ pue sradun[ Jo sJeumo q]Ir\! osle a^eq I '}no Jea1v\ o} pua} saop 1I }eql

S,

pa{pl

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-qns lplf,Jauruor dueur eJe araql leq] lsa8

oullooJ {{

u! luEuodttl!

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pues

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aJe

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d

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-qord s'

relrarpur,"""";il"":'r11fi

[l :t:;

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'3upoo; asroq roJ pues asreoJ alqerlsap

aJ€JJns

uI IeJIIITJ s1 arelrns rnod Jo aJII aql Sur8uolord ul€Juleur ol asn nod draurqreur;o adfi aq1

'a1druls }eql paulllno a^€q I elnruroJ IIS€q aq1 1q

3u1daa4 lsaSSns p1nolt 1 'uorsnlruor u1

'elqelp^e suolllpp€

a^IlJaJJa lsoru aq] Jo auo sI pue IIaM atlnb 3ul -{JoM sI }I }eq} IaaJ 1 'rr1se1d pue raqqnr 'selueJ

a u.E sa

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uolleulqruol € sI 1I'saoqs spods dn-punor8 leql lrnpord are;rns ,vrau e qlIM Sulluaruuad

Jo sI

i

concerned. It is critical to cause the horse to the respond to cues from the reins and bit with tisThe most subtle cues one can accomplish' in the sues over the bars of the horse's mouth horsearea of the corners are precious to any reutmost with man. They should be treated spect as there is no second chance to create sensitivity once this area has been damaged

during training. I am a proponent of mouthing the horse before saddling or riding. The definition of mouthing is to accustom the horse to bit and bridle (usually a snaffle). It is to cause the horse and to be comfortable with wearing this device responsive to being guided by it' It might seem strange to the reader who has seen my demonstrations to grasp this concept' I do not see the horses used in my demonstrations until the time of the event. With a few exceptions, I don't even know who owns them or where they come from. I want as much separation between myself and the horse as I can possibly

have. This means that I would consider it inappropriate to even give instructions to the

owner regarding mouthing' To be given the chance to mouth a young horse before the start of saddling, bddling and riding is a high priority for me (outside of the parameters of a demonstration)' For the past 40 years or so, I have taken every opportunity to acquaint the horse to the bit, bridle and

reins before saddling and riding' I am a strong advocate for using "black iron bits." These were the normal bits for thousands of years before the advent of stainless steel' I find that horses prefer black iron and perform better with it than stainless steel' I further recommend that the black iron bit has copper inlaid in the mouthpiece. The combination of black iron and copper seems to me to be preferred by virtually every horse I work with' Since this segment of the book is devoted to mouthing, I will confine my comments to the use of the bit. It is true, however, that I

34

have used the hackamore, side pull and even Dually halteq all of which are bitless' Here

the I have chosen to recommend the use of a snaffle bit for earlY training' I recommend that you accustom the horse in to the surcingle, which can be accomplished the Once stall' box a in even the round pen or horse can cope with the surcingle comfortably' I begin the process of mouthing' You should from always take care not to have protrusions for use you enclosure the the walls or fences of

mouthing. I

will place a black iron snaffle with a brow-

band headstall appropriately on the horse's on head. You don't need to have riding reins instead' used the bit as a pair of side reins are The bit should sit in the horse's mouth so that it effects a slight smile on the horse' Once the bit is touching the corners of the horse's mouth, the handler should adiust it upward until it is about one-sixteenth of an inch higher

than the corners would be in a natural state' I suggest that the side reins be adjusted quite loosely at first. I recommend that the handler loose longe the young horse in the round pen in sessions approximating 15 to 20 minutes in length. You can execute this event

using all three natural gaits of the horse' It should be noted that exhaustion is not a part of training and you should be careful to monitor the horse's comfort throughout the procedure.

After the horse has accepted the surcingle and the snaffle bit with loose side reins, the handler should then begin a process of shortening the side reins until the horse is nodding off the bit. Take care not to tighten before the horse is fully comfortable as he could obiect

to the tension and potentially suffer iniury by rearing or acting out in another negative fashion. The side reins should be equipped with and elastic to allow the horse a flexible tension to continue not a solid one. The handlet might Chapter 3 / Building Trust

9€

sr aq

'dpea.r s! luapnls aulnba Jno{ uoqm {;uo aruenpv 'ler!}!r) sl &atres <

'speaq J!aLl] ssol lPql sasJoq lol pasn aq u€f salnpafoJd 6u!qlnoW <{ 'ssal Jo salnu!tu oz 01 suolssas 6utqlnou lltul-l << '6u;p1.r arolaq 6u1q1nou lo suolssas ZI o] 0[ oO << 'fllspla q]!/vl sulal apls asn << 'sular apls pue a16u1:;ns e q]!/v\ aull 6uol

P

esn

<<

'{e1u1

raddo) q1;m ]lg uorr {tre;q e esn << 'uad punoJ e u! Fulqlnotu U€]S <{ 'elqlssod s! 1! JaAauaqrvr ssa:old 6u;q1nou aq] Puatutuolal l<<

slulocl

s,d1uo1A1

lsnrl 6ulpl!n8 / €.r31oE'!: '{feq Sulular pue sdols'sulm s'- - - ""' .- -il Surzetue sI 11 a.\IleradooJ ^{oq r

slq] ul palooqrs Ieulue aq] aplr pu{ :':: dlpug I uaqM 'aAIlraJJr ]sour eq ol l, : - -' aleq pue .t,tou sJ€ad 09 Ja^o lle-\\ l.: ::e 3u1q1nou Jo poqtau slql pasn a-''tr suols:l: : I

'uollJas slqt ul pepuauuof,al

se

Jo JnoJ Jaue SuISSol peaq aqt dols 1ir-r'-

s:,-

,

'dleurro51 'sJllsela aq1 Surqrlarls pue sul:- ': eql Sullaeur d1du4s 'puaq stq sso] L-- :t- " aql MoIIe 01 a^Ilf,aJJa lr punoJ a-\e .r- - ; : -qord srql pasner seq spueq Jo les peq : -! 'padoldrue aq uef elnc::' - ' d1a>1q

lsotu

lsn:l

6

o] anu' puP u q a-

i: 1

-r)

aql Suipl -uor A

alSr

s1 11

Surqlnour s[I] ]eql uJq] IIa] 1 pue uar: - '-r ' -Jq rUqM perq stq sassol leql rsroq )t{- ' -ueq lsJSSns I Moq aul )se uJulasloq .i-L'. 'snleredde 3u1q1noru aql Jo aJnleal rlr-:: -:" .

uer nod leq] os araq uol]€rlsnlll uE p?P--"' - - a^eq I ']l loJ pJlPdard,,(11n] sr luaprul:L'rnod uaq,tr Sunue,Lpe .{1uo 'sarnsealg " :-r" elrlf,aJJa esn o] luelJodur

-o -IUOt

ue lUr-',

0tr ?

dlaruarlra s. -, 'JUO J.\llP- ---

'1etnb aq] ueql suolssas Jo Jaqlunu lalE;:: paqlnou aq plnoqs Ieurlue snollfer:r a: '

'

I

raqn-

JOJ

spaeu aq} ol SLIIP: - , - i -reu aqJ 'asrol{ eql Jo aq],{re^ llr,\{ lJlpur- r JrUr.l Jo qt3ua1

'{JO^^ }eqt Surldarle sI aq -\\LrL .

- vJ

1e

al8utr.rns

plnoqs auo

P,

-.

-MouI aqf 'SurPrr PUe SullPPes :: :suolssas ZI ol OIlo; aleld a\el prr ' Surqlnoru leql Puaurluol:- -

'JPllo)lseerq aql uo uolsual alqlxau olle ot )rlsela qtl/!{ su!ar apls t'€

^

ar{ l€'r .

*l

Surop sr asroq 3uno,{ Jq} Ilo\\ -: - lloq ol allllsuas aq s'{Pr\le pi:!- -: l

*itrvr? * * \)rrl.:a ;-,rrv'

relpuPq aql 'aq lq8tru aaul s.::: .arJqM uolllsod Jules Jql.i1;-' e

-rxo.rdde

JLI 1

uo sBul-'.

'

aql Sulsn saurl Sur.Lrrp afnporlul u:-uer nod 'suolssas aeJq] ol o.^^l Jaui 'leurue rno,{ ro1 snolaBueP Jq [ leq] luauuoJl^ua ue aleaJJ ol lou ii Xlasolr slleM Jql pue 3u11oo1 'aJes sI

aL1

u --UL

,rurI LLtrt

-

at 'l

ut tr\

t '.;--

lualuuorl-\Li:

:--

aJns ag 'pJeMJOJ UrIq a^oru o] asloq : - pulqeq au11 Sur,tpp ]qBII e Sursso] ''-.-u1s ,{q uolslndul 3utlea:.r 'JBuo1 :-

:r l.

Chapter 4

Ioin-Up The Process Relatively speaking, there are few practical working horses left today. The vast majority of the equine world now revolves around sport and recreation. Plowing fields, pulling heavy loads and carrying messages at breakneck speed are no longer the primary duties

of

horses. Fortunately, the days of dead horses

on the battlefields of the world are virtually a thing of the Past. The elimination of laborious tasks should not, however, lead us to conclude that man's journey with the horse is over' It is just begin-

ning. We are now free to exist with horses without the pressures experienced in former times. At last, we can listen to out hotses, enjoy the opportunity to learn from them and admire them for their many attributes' We have entered an era in which we choose to work and be with our horses; it is not a daily necessity. Entering the third millennium

to leave the world and peoPle.

36

a

of commonality, friendship and survival' This and is my journey, what the horses taught me what we have shared. It replaced my pain with joy and resentment with a willingness to serve' no The process has no time constraints; it has definable beginning or end' If you are involved with horses, then you should think horses' iust stars' The as the astronomer has his head in the process does not begin when you arrive at the barn to meet your horse; it begins when you

you wake up in the morning and exists even as sleep.

In demonstrations, when I first enter the round pen, I have simple goals' They are: the first saddle' Join-Up, follow-up and placing bridie and rider on the unstarted horse' Yet' as

e'l''

it seems appropriate to ask what kind of relationship we want with these animals and what we expect each species to get in return' These to adare important questions that I intend dress. They are central to my mission

a

to The practice of Join-Up is a commitment search in together travel path that two species

in life'

better place for horses

"We alwaYs P6ss failure on the way to success.t'

-MickeY

RoaneY

It

lr

se

'asroq s,pIII{f al}ua8 aq} uo s{ s8uelsnur plIM uo e^IlfaJJa s€ sr lI 'punoJS

-{Jeq ro a8e due Io sasroq IIe q}lM palarqre aq uer dn-u1o['leraua8 ut sldaluor dur augap

o] esues repeorq e uI pasn aq plnoM dn-utof Iura] aql ]€q] uoltezlueSro dur ur aldoad aq] 1o gsou dq papDep ralel seM ]I 'raplnoqs dru pre't.L -o1 lno asou slq saqJeal pue preMroJ SeAOIU AfI -rplunlo^ asroq eql uaqM ]uelsur lerfeut }eq} sr 11 ,,'dn-utof;o 1uauo1tr,,

sarnldlnls laq;o

auo peureu aqs uaqm urral uMo raq pauto: '1e4 '.{e.tle o3 o} ueql aru q}rm aq ol Ja}}aq 'a;1^,r,r d1ntr sI lI leq] saplJep asroq aql qlli-i^^ uI ]uaurolil ]eq] sI dn-u1o['uJe] aq] lo MaIA JaMoJJeu P

sarrnbar 'ta,ta,r,loq 'dn-utof augap oJ 'aJUaIoI^

]noqtl^^ sasroq qll,\^ Sulpap ur doldrua l {ro^{ dpoq aq] ot ua^13 a^eq I allll e sr dn-utof 1o

dg-u1oI

d

'suerunq lo

n-u rc

::

Io euo 'aJII lalleq e ol lli:.--

-laq

e

-

ii- :.---'' -' -

aql are daql 'aur plEr\ol sdl-s -''- sasJoq se,{1Pa1eada: Ll)}e\\ r

:

lr'"

:

: -

ro; 3ut1te,tr 'loi,teqaq lno ol ;l- '-l:: " ot rsroLl rrll jo {}lllqe aL{} iq f : -I'eur saqsluolse uago s8utttti:-sluJe] o] auroJ o] {rlltqe llr qJea qlllt sas€aJful lladsl-

:

' ;: . ' '

lou sl uolleJnpJ 1o r':.)cl ' a{e} o} asroq e uo uted .:-Ll rl - -' "' : -loj sMou) Pl.loM Jql'l\rl lplJom asroq aq] uo 8ur-rer1 !- : '-: -tul aqJ ']feJ slq] azruSolar Lrl '-:-- '

Mou aJe serPadolr.'(rra -igl: : ---1 : snollsuoJ tro apolu e lalul lerll a,,r,oLd uer I 'd1-uroitl:' snollsuot 1o alqeder lou l-r ". :: s: . -

sread;o spuesnoq] rol pa,\aliaq

,(:euotlle lou 'sarfads uA o lno ;o FutpuelsJapun JA]laq e ol sn peal uef sasloH << 'lq6lr r! lab

ol ueLunq aql

'r(teuotl:eal aJe sasloH

<<

<<

n.letloll)Pr-

-

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qllM {roM I uaqm Pue raldru -- : : sueurnH 'sasroq dq palel.i----:eJe

alnln] aq]

11e,r.t,t.rns JIaLI+

elns --:

sr ]I Jalauaqm deld olul ,ttotli'--- ,{aq1 'paa:3 ro o8a ou lttq 'iro-. -'

<(

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s,{1uo14;

PUe

'auroflno aLIl ol l' -: o1 anp s )>: 'aldul r\ 1): -'

eql ol luaullruuroJ dtu LlJntu ]eql J^JllJq e

JoJ 6ullrenn allq/!{

,{laler.rdo.rdde }:ea.r ue) sasJoH '1q6noq1 snolfsuof a^eq sasloH

a,teq

'paa.rb Jo o6a ou lnq'{rotuau ssal/v\el} ,{aql laldturs aJe sasJoH << e aneq

']ua1rlllllltuof e s1 d61-uro[;o arlpe.rd aql<< 'sasloq ,(ofua r{1n.r} o1 u16aq ue: a,v\ aJaqM atull e 6utlalua aJe aM<( 'uo!]eaJ)al pue

llods punoJe sallolal Mou PIJo,vr aulnba aql Jo ,{ll;oleu lse^ aql (

slulod

daql

'111n8

-

ro suotlertds': --

slq8noq] qtlm Pan8eld

lol':-:

aql uI 's{Jo,t,t asJoq JLII

sr:

::

r-

ur leo8 du a.teq I ellri71'1 aftirl: ' ,{1uo aqt sen,r }l JIse 3ulurt'e1 .l " palllurruotr ure I 'ool ']i {o[ur '' :'llrM eJualpne .,(ur 'asroq ln1ssal-r:-.: ' -

P asneJ

I

I plnOrIS 'olEflUoltlllitr

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u.lerl llrM osloq ,{u }eql \l Ir'' : : lnq'Surqlautos uleJl IIL\\ JJur-ir' r-;- ' 1 'passardur aq IIIM aluatPne ro; a:uatradxa PooS e sl u ll alli: :--ssa.tdut uo aruellodul ou Jlnlr; '' asaql JO are,t're dlsnorlsuoJ

-':':-

lou

-^I

il

J,

".

o

r'*;:,'-::j:;;,i"

rl::il:;. ':iil..^

are no short

fu""''#fiffi*, stuoY

tlt^':'"]

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yeatr "

:::.H#il,' I

J':::

l'l.lio,

: l:i l.'J,

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*:-: :: fJ'"J' ;;. ;;, ::"::itl,;li o?.' o""* :5:; "iH; ttt'' l" no'n"'t:::';:"":;;;"" 'u'n^ulb^f

:::::l ll li'Tf

-MontY

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o, on.

vou and

"* :o:' ^'^-." Raberts

r

unication'

i'1.;';':::

t!: ,, Actrons sPeak *:": a is' in fact' Ejruu' *orat -;"* , * acfions' of

tl.,,,

o coll.rrfl

^ ment for ongoln8 *,nian may take * "" o.' l"^1,iill ^"f oti llu t rr' "tO Ltt]t t.' '' ^-r,c at 2l1Y )(s6-

"

i

arlrur.' uoT even 1"_^.,.,once o'

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ffi' ;trtf**6P u .u:*tl-:j"'*-i"r.a oot tlLmand' un- ^i,*,".t*rtt :;";o r"r. ul.l]lH:; ;;;rry wirh two t.n'll.n'J*.0

1*"0ur".. *trnout .oilpr.n.ntivelY u is artemptinsjn'Pl":;^--",,are, i.t"'. know]T:e :l'::.".:;'J*t.

*"**

i'o.io ,n', ]'t::|*Iilo"irnluro ot one wr

;;;;a; *:l*::;::"U".fil.'; insttuctots' assistance

be

in.,lll.,..p,uur,u,.r. undertaken l*nio.un, 'o' ' u'

;t r'r properrv I

theim,po".uu'r.r o1,n. t-'igt-'nor rheim1::l:[;ji,".:".i r,*. is not , Tirrre I.

' no"t"ttt l::il;.

o".i'oto

we

""*'*"tt

lfoutd

t*r**q+6ffi-1[$$fi******=*i

**pffi $***$,u*ff ;;r*'t

language

ttntt-]')"'"not

once be [aked'

l*," ",.,,,'lf : :::I1:'l[ii."1.";" Exarnine'':1'j'r[.:l]:li.*'l :ffiT: recornrnendt .rnderstood,"::il,;,ou."01:.:l:',::' t"':,",,;: *nn,-^^enioyablt ally ' "' o, n-u p 1

',

'^

-

I :,li*k."T'"1i;*.-Jll"'"u'#"

which to .urr"

38

fine chisel, crr' and cornfortaole a

facility' ideal raciritv idear

chapter 4 / loin-up

d61-utoi 7 ";i,ilH'lt'l

tar

6t.

uollfas slql ul dn-utof aqulsap o] puetrul I '(ge 'd ,,'u,n,roq Surureal 'dn aurleuarpv" eas)

dn aurleuarpe lL{3lU 01 asroq aq} lnd pue a,tup dluo IIIM aJuaIoL\ uI lno lf,e ol leq]

aql ;o Supuelsrepun rno'r' :aleari : .-' : slqt Sulsn as:oq :no'{ ulell o'} }or I - -:

snnbl

1o

se uJ€al

a8en8uel Jql lnoqe

uaql

'slsl1 asaq] Jo

" '

alr'"' :

'

-

-

]ualJ:: : - - : '

ltou>I plnoqs a.r,t'>1se1 uasoqr e qsllduol:e ot asJoq aql Sulqrea] uaqM'lq8g ueql aag o] urreq raqtreJ plnoM pue saDads raqlo due ou suealu asJol{ aq} leq} spulu rno uI realJ

plsdn lI aaerl plnoqs aM 'aJII ulelsns otr qsau aq] peJno^ap ro paIIDI 'pa11e1s ralau s€q esroq plnoqs asJoq

leqtr arel qlyrl ateldrualuor ureJq aqtr aluanuul 01 sasooqJ oq1!{ sn Jo

e Jo

qlefi

lr

'sllaua8 q8norqt a:uereadde slq ralle Jo surel -1ed leror.l'eqaq s1q ploru ol arull srql Sutrnp punoJe lou se^\ UeIAI 'sn lnoqll^^ Sree^ uoIIIItu

>1req

uler] ol

uf

dels::

f,e,ne are+

lq8u salru:

-

;::; -::

gaI sal'-\lril --: ;

p€J It roJ IIaM dlna;rad plp salrads slql teq] aql uodn ]lagar ppoqs a'ra' 'asodlnd relnrtlred e roJ sasJoq

:saur- :

aq sn 1o due arolag 'ssaJf,ns loJ

r

-

+,;: {'!

l

ped +-:' l': laal dn;r;16:,i alq€i:;--

'snnbg 1o a8en8uel 1er1ualod aq] ralear8 aq]

s€are

'raqleal dn.r-rt1s (r) lalppes (o) lped alppes (r) 1seur1 6uo1 (e) 1alpuq (v) :dq-urol .ro4luatudlnba ,(lesselau aq1 t'?

o

l--\', :

,

iLi L'-

ir :5*

sleo3

^

li

I.l tri

\i

t

I

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":,1

sIDoD puD

t1

.1

a

j.t

luaudrtthq dn-utoit

as

it applies to the young, domestically raised

holse. By domestically raised, I mean a horse that now leads well, allows you to pick up his feet, and stands to be groomed or doctored

without resistance. The highest percentage of my readers are working with young, domesti-

1 1

cally raised horses, causing them to accept their flrst saddle, bridle and rider. The procedure varies significantly when you are dealing with a mustang untouched by human hands or a remedial horse with a reputation for a particular phobia. It should be understood that the circumstances of Join-Up can vary. It is also surprising how predictable they are, no matter the breed or the geographic location. BEFORE

'

-.-"-

i,t.

4.2 Arub between the eyes is a horse's reward.

;;161@""".&r1,r..,.

YoU BEGIN ANY woRK WITH YOUR

HORS[,, YOU MUST BE PERFECTLY SATISFIEI) THAT HE IS SOUND IN EVERY WAY. ANY PHYSICAL PROBLEM CAUSING PAIN COULD DESTROY THEJoTN-Up pRoCESS. Ir rs ar-so TRUE THAT

IT IS INAPPROPRIATE TO TRAIN A HORSE EXPRESSING PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENI"

|oin-Up Dqy One I recommend leading your equine student with a 3O-foot (approx. 10 meters) long line into the center of the round pen to initiate the procedure. I believe it is helpful to step in front of your animal and give him a rub on the forehead. This accomplished, turn the animal 90 degrees and repeat the process. Again,

turn him 90 degrees, rub his head and then make a final turn that brings you back to the original position. What this means is that you have stopped the horse in the center of the pen and rubbed him between the eyes while facing north, south, east, and west. With this, you ac-

complish an orientation helpful to the horse.

It is essential that you do not look the horse in the eye while doing this. It is best to look at a point near the shoulders or the forelegs. At this time, I am prepared to release the

40

i.9..

f

I { J

:.]r

I1 ..! .i

,.

\l

'1

t

i

1

}

t

\1 \

I ,,1

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4.3 Orientation.

animal and begin the process of communication. I unsnap the long line and step away toward the rear of the horse. I do not allow even so much as a glance toward the horse's eyes. Taking care not to enter the kick zone, when I am at a point directly perpendicular to the rear flank of the horse, I then go into action. I snap my eyes on the eye of the horse. I pierce his pupils with my gaze. Squaring my shoulders, I cause my body to assume a military stance of attention. I swing the line coils, slap-

ping my shoulders, flrst one side, then the

Chapter 4

/

Join-Up

LV

dru a.teq I aluo 'uolllarlp alrsoddo aq] ul ssal -ord aql treadar pue 'rurq asJaaal '1utod arueleq slq Jo ]uoq ur dals uaq] I 'tu1{ JoJ aJes pu€ alqu -uoJruoJ sr se d11;y,rs se Sur.toru asroq dtu qlpw sdel 9 ro t alurlo8au o1 dr1 1 'uollrarlp qrea uI sdel 9 o1 t uaaMlaq alerlo8au lsnru IeurIuP aql talaruerp ur (sralau 9I) laal 69 uad punor e u1 '(sralaur paJpunq 009 o1 00t) e1tu e lo th ol bAlnoqe sr asroq aq] Jo aluelslp lq8lu aqJ 'asroq aq];o sada aq] uo sada

du

qlyvr lf,eluof, Supreld uleluleur l pue '1uap qllrt arenbs sraplnoqs

-nls dru Jo srxe dpoq aql

dq-urof / 7.ra1deq3

dru daal L,il.ol e de.r,re oB 'al]]ll e de-rre ]ou oC 1de,r,re og,, 'sdes a8en8uel dpoq,iJl

r:

asloq aql a^tlp

A, lt* \-r t#

o1 a'reda.rd

d6-uro

f -de1s

'1u aJSe [c I. .

snoradarlsqo aql 3u1ul1dFslp ueqM alor sIL-paunsse aleual eqdle aql leql sdep dlrea -iul ; paureal 1 'aulldpsrp Jo ]fe ue se de,r,te ]uas iu -aq spre8ar asroq aql leq] aru lr{3nel s€q alu?-adxa d11 'aeg o] uolslrap slq qtltr dddeq i1+:;:

-rad ute T ]€I{} esroq aq} o1 da,ruor o} sI uc: -ua1ur d],\I.srapenb Jear aql pJemol aurl 3u aq1 qrlrd 1 'aru tuorl de.r,te sunr ]uapnls ,iru s'; 'aurrl .{ra.ta {1ungn saag asroq aq} pue 'raq-'',(errne

r

i!i: r:1"" 'r{er"re as.roq

ol l)eq da15 9'tr

-irelIIII

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I' JEAI

fI

i uatj 'sa,

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ol aull e rvrolql 9'7 t!

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from the horse's PersPective.

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encourage faster movement.

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4.9 Pitch the line to help send the horse away.

42

Chapter 4 / loin-UP

EV

Jno uo sasJol{ prcn8 aleq a14,, 'Surdes sr aq {ulql I 'pIPrJe aq }ouu€l aq 3ur1ea sI asroq aq} leql sueeur arnlsa8 slq] a^ellaq I 'e)ua -uadxa 3u1ua1q31r; u aleq lo 'asroq a8uerls eIIqM

e;o lq8rs aq] ]e tnqs pue uado s,lre[ r1aq1 deus daql uaq.tr sleog dq passardxa auo Jo uolsJel relel e sr arnlsaS slq] }€ql a^aIaq 1 'dressarau 1t aag o1 paredard '>1eads 01 os 'sralelt aql Supsal sI asJol{ aqJ'uaaJf,s

a{ous

Jo lJos e parepls

-uoJ aq ueJ slqt ']JeJ uI 'uI sI aq uollenlls aql 'Surlua st Jo plerJe aq louuer aq '3ut1ea sl aq JI puP aro^lclJaq e sl aq leq] saleJlunururoJ asroq

aq] 'os 3u1op u1 ,,'8ut,uaql pue 3un1r11,, arnlsa8 prlq] aql se ]sII IIIM 1 'suorlrsod repro qrlIMS uago sarnlsa8 quno; pu€ prlq] aql allqM 'IsIrgauaq d11en1nur aq plnoM ]eql lueuraar8e ue aletl -o8au o] a{ll plnoM eg 'nod ol rasolr la8 o1 pue

de^,r,re

d1-utof ' |.ra!i{!"lt: 3u1o8 dols o] slue,lt asJoq aql lr --- ; -l ;r lrl' arnlse8 slqJ 'aporu lq8rg aql ul -'-1:.- - l. paredurof, uatrJos puP \Ei-: n:'

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arou nod

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>llau eql ees uelJo 11rt nod '1urod srql l; ' slrl Jo azrs eqt Sullutrus'J)url u'--: aql JJo aluof, IIIM asroq eqJ 'pallsrp :: - - ; ,ll l\?u --.'arenb::* -i -,"tr

Jo puoJas sde,r,t1e dlreau st a.tnlsa8

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'arenbs sJaplnoqs 'sada uo sa ''l ' *li::'

11e

a.LtssarSSe rnod Sututnsse IIIIs JJE : - : -l lll raquraruag 'dq,tr arns lou sI aq q8no;- :ur luelrodrur are nod leq} slsaSSns s ';-- ' slradsar asJoq eqt ]eql suPaiu eJ[]stF !-l- - r I a^ellaq I 'luaIuuoJIAUa aql Jo ]sal r- - * ,rr spunos aq1 dn Sur4rrd 'a.totu 11-rr n - .' -*' I rLl

l

]saqunJ Jee aql ellqM luelsuoJ 'i1r-l- - t'r.L' -er IIrM rea slqJ ']r Jo lred uado aqr , - - ; uer nod teql os no.{ }sareau Jea eq} Js:L-:: I i asJori aqJ'sJea s/asroq aq] suraJuol :.'-: nod arnlsa8 ]sru aqJ 'op no,i,1r p:r -i -r s1dn-u1oflnq'sarnlsa8 aseqlJo qJer :'-., i '

'e)ua] aql #o 6uluor 'uollerlunuuor ;o a.rn1sa6 puo)as aql €t'f

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o] dresserau ]ou sl 1I 's1eo8 alqerts:: ' leql esrotl aq] dq sarnlsa8 rnoJ ale l:: 'eleJlUnLULUO)L:

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asroq aq] ]eq] ]ulod sltll ]e sl 1l 'altM .'1i : eru uro4 re; se 'alua; aql lsule8e uoLI' .'- rL urelureur dlpnsn IIIM pue arnlsa8 ,,i€Il.1l:;- : e srql JJpJSuOT Ot Sreadde asJoq OLII 'l:--- --1 il

,/'uo pal)o;,, Jea 'uo!le)!untutuo) ;o a.rn1sa6 1s.rr; eq1 zr'?

a.trssarS8e uu ur sle8ug eq] pualxa pLIE !;-. Ir qlll\{ Jle aql q8norql sluaura^otu F; i" '"' a{eu I '1q8r.r aql o1 Sutprn asroLl l'-;- 'pueq lq8rr dru;o sra8ug aql uado pr:: : - 1

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ga1 du ul euil dur 1nd uauo lllM 1 r;; : ' :::; i':." r :': ' MOis o1 asroq aq] 3u1,tto1p ',a'tea1 o1

ll

aq] efnpar ]eq] sa.rnlsa3 aqt doldlur

-aJ arour aq IIIM aH 'asJoq aql ol l- - * ^Aou auros Jo eq o1 slql punoJ e^eq I 'arolaq i--: ri -oru lsn[ palaleJt aq ]eq] uol]reJlp elu:, I . ur )treq asJoq aql slnd lesra,tar puoJas : -'sada uo sada 'arenbs sJaplnoqs -iru ql."t : "

r -{JoM IIIIs rue 1 'raqruaurag 'ute8e IPtu- j: esralar 1 'palalduor dlqepolutor 0I L:- . - -

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gesture, head down as if to say' 4.r5 ' The fourth "l'll let you be the chairman of the meeting'"

Thethi rd gesture of comm unication' "licking and chewing"'

4.'t

we must herds and when a predator is present high and stop eating. We must get our heads gefr"ady for the run or we die'" I often notice the it"ru, ttt" horse will defecate, lightening of outbowel, in order to have a better chance running the Predator' dropThe final desired gesture is the horse his so moving ping his head and neck and ,-ror.

it iust about

an inch from the soil' He

r

l

will

often flex at the poll so that the head synchromonizes with his pace with a kind of nodding

tion. If the trainer finds the horse does not his head, he can employ a gesture likely

drop to drop to evoke this response' To ask the horse geshis head, you should make the following fingers open with tures: first, raise one hand

wrist and and palm toward the horse' The arm' rapidly hanJ should be rigid at this point and the close moving left to right. Then, gradually wrist the fingers while simultaneously bending arm downand relaxing the arm and bring the body' With your of ward and toward the center and bending' the arm relaxed, wrist and elbow

your belt flngers closed, bring your hand across body U.r.ne to a point slightly beyond your horse the in result midline. This will often you stopping and dropping his head' Should again' you choose to send your horse onward the can employ your other arm to encourage (see pen round the horse to contlnue circling his drops believe that when the horse

p.92).I

a meeting tread, tre is saying, "If we could have

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and invite back in' 4.r6 Gestures that send away, Chapter 4 / loin-UP 44

9V

,,'dq-u1o( ;o luol.llotu,,

aql 6 t'7

d6-urof / 9.ra1deq1 alIrIM leql 1elllpl sl lI '(I raqrunN pog) ,,dn-u1o[;o luaruoulr/ eq] sl sIqI'raplnoqs tnotl alzznu ot asou slq qllrvr 1no Surqlear

pue dn lq8rr 3uqPm.'arue.rPe uauo IIrM asJoq aql atup slq] lv 'de'ue asrorl aql puas

dlupgar lsolul€ IIIM

ada rnod;o deus 4unb e Jo a{etsru aqJ 'arnllun[ slql 1e lef,Illrr st sada rnod;o asoql SuPnIf,uI ]ualualoru yo

drtpng

'd1ra[ ro Ptder ra,tau

'qloorus pue Mols aq Ppoqs aulu

'u! asroq aql all^ul o1 {q laPlnoqs aqt 6u16u1.lg 'a16ue .97 gr'?

slql ]e sluaua^ou IIV'rulq rlll1vl aq o] lue^\ asJoq aql a{€ul o} uol}€f -runluurof, asn ol Jaquaual plnoqs raurerl aqt leql alup slql lP sl lI 'asJoq aq] pJe1v\ -o] pue saar8ep 9? ]ou 'asJoq aq] uror; dernre dpq8qs Sune; 'uotlrsod aar8ap-g7 slq] le ssal -uorlour ureuau 'esJoq aql Jo slx€ aql ol a13ue aar8ap-gp e uo pue pexeler sraplnoqs 'pren

-uMop sada 'aluels a.lrssed e aurnssu '1u1od sql ]V 'premul {ool pue }1eq o} urlq asnu: d1p -nsn IIrM sIqJ 'asroq aq] luorJ de,ue pue prea'l -uMop dtrq8ls sada rnod Sutlsel 'lurod af,u€leq s,asJoq aq] Jo peaqe uoIlJeJJ e dals ']xaN

'peaq s,asroq aq] pJeMol 1ulod ppoqs rap

-Foqs auo 'asJoq aql qll^^ arenbs sraplnoqs 'u! asroq aql el!^ul o1 anlssed o6 pue '{q .replnoqs aqt 6u1rg lL'f

rnod a,teq ra8uol ou tnq '3ut1azrer1 sr asJoq aq1

qllq^{ uI uolparlp

alues aql uI a^oru ol dllqSus urnl 'lslg 'dn-utof o1 peal IIIM }€q} uop -€Jlunruurof, ;o luarualdurol IInJ eq] udaq o1 lulq 8ur.r,ro11e 'sarn1 -sa8 rno; 1e qsqdruorfe ol reuler] aql se leo8 rnod aq ppoqs ]I 'uorleluorJuof, lnoqll^^ dlqsrauyed

lsanbar arotu € roJ esJoq aql ^q e Surluem;o auo sI ]I 'drqsraulred auo lnq 'uorssltuqns;o a8essaur e sr lI ]eq] a^ellaq lou op L'3ul -laau aql;o uosradrreqr aq nod 1a1

plnom I ']J€rluoJ rno aletlo8auar o]

in the passive mode you do not make eye contact with your student. You should, however, keep the horse

within your peripheral vision to know where the animal is. If the horse feels the pierce of eyesight, he is likely to believe this is not a safe place to be and maY even break away. If the horse fails to walk forward, you should move

in

arcs

'.,i

4.zo lf the horse breaks, send him away and back to work.

turning away from

1-

the horse and remaining passive. By making these movements you are saYlng

in the horse's language, "I am a safe place to be." This will draw the horse toward

your shoulder. It is critical at this point for the trainer to remember that if indeed all learning is zero to ten, the most important part of learning is zero to one. If we can just get our student to take one tiny step in the

/t* I l7 l^

\ t& 4.zr Arcing to invite the horse.

right direction and reward him, it is likely that he will soon want to remain with us. In either case, once Join-Up is accomplished, you should then turn slowly toward the horse and standing immediately in front of him, rub gently between the eye. Never during this maneuver should you make eye contact. I find that it is advisable to look down between the horse's knees. Once you have rewarded your animal for his positive actions, you can then walk away and expect follow-up (Goal Number 2) to occur. Equestrians would do well to remember that predators never walk away from their prey, so the horse has come to regard this as a nonthreatening gesture'

46

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4.zz Reward.

Chapter 4 / loin-Up

ct

lv esaql 's{ueu r€ar pue aroJ eql pue dlaq aqr;o suorgod rapun aql

d6-urof

7

7 -ra1deql

'qted aulluadlas uo dn-r*ollol sz'f

n-r

}JP

a8esseur nod ]eql 1sa33ns JarIunJ I druoleue sgq;o Ped slql a8esseru spueq rnod se nod qu,l,t alqeuoJ sI asroq rnod ]eql IeP -ruol IIIIS lI 's1€l a8rel dq pe{lel}P

-uessa sI

ere sasroq areqm dPoq aq] Jo lred aql sl slqJ'>If,au pue sraqllm'peq aq] ra^o IIe asroq aqt Su1qqm 1sa33ns 1 '(P raqun11 Pog) sea -re elqerauln aq] olq o3 ol auF lI 'IIIM lsoru puu 'nod q]1m dlqe

sl

\ ** **-'dn-mo;qo1

-uoJurol suletueJ asroq rnod;1

dleufPo {oo} ll aur] aq] JIPq u€q] ssel uI rnJfo ol dn-utof'asrnof, slq] l,tol d1a4q

s1

-loJ ol asooqr nod PPoq5 'uoua -uouaqd dn-u.o11o; Pue dn-u1o[ aql Sulqsqqelsaar 'ssarord aq] Surleadar dq ]1 arro;ular ol IIaM

op

lq8ru no1 'dn-u1o[Paqsld

-ruolle

d11n;ssarcns

]ou

a,Leq

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'nod a.tea1 ol slu€M asroq rnod ]eql pue anssl lellllrf, e sI slql

JI

}eql a^allaq I 'palroJ sI aq asn€) -aq lou 'o1 slue.tt eq asnef,aq aru qq.t,r sdels dpeap lerulue aql ]€q} os aurl aq]

ul {lels a^eal ol ralard

1

'dn-mo11o1

'aru qlr,tl dels ol rulq esner ol esJoq eql 1nd o1 ]dua]]e ]ou op 11nq'uo peal aq] deus 1 '(uos -€ar rena]€qlt roJ eplr ol pualul 1ou pp nod asroq e ro 3ut1uea.r,r e qllm 8u1pap aram nod ;r dols plnom nod qrrq,r,t le ]urod aq1 s1 s1q1)

€z't

'Jrruapple dlpnlrpt' are raplr pue aIpIJq 'alppes ]darre o1 arnparord aql Jo af,ueleq aq1 'dn -MoIIoJ pue dn-urof paqsrldruorre 3ur'reg 'sluauraAolu

lrexa rnod 3upuo11o; dq nod qllm aq ol arlsap e sessardxa dlrealr asroq lI] ]eq] os suralled autluadras ul {lem ueJ no '(uol}fe aal}rsod e) nod 3url.o11o; roJ preMar e se peaqeroJ slq qnr ol spuo)as ,r,ta; dra,ta Surddols '1;a1 pue

lq8rr qtoQ saIJrIf, uI 3up1p,r,t puauuroral I

r.& 4.26 This is where cats attack'

attack' 4.27 This is where dogs

canine are the ateas most often attacked by Again' sensitive' critically are predators and

4.2

work' ao not enter the kick zone during this nearMassage the vulnerable areas from the and side, then passing in front of the horse on repeat forehead, the on giving him a rub the offside. I recommend that You return to the forenearside of the horse again, rubbing the to head when passing the head and prepare you First' 4)' pick up the feet (Goal Number pi.t np the near fore, using safe and accepted p.ocedu.es. Then progress to the near rear and iift it ut though you were going to clean the

again in front of the horse' giving a rub and then repeat the process on the offside' With these four goals accomplished' I lead my horse to a point at the round pen fence furthest from the gate. I normally remove the line so that the horse is free to leave me if he can chooses. The balance of the equipment

foot.

4.1

th

Pass

now be brought into the center of the round critipen and placed on the ground' While not in it bring cal, it is better to have an assistant

your for you so as not to lose the continuity of have an adrenaJoin-Up. Often, the horse will line rush at this point and may even break of the equipment Join-Up with you. The sight and strain your him frighten will sometimes

I recrelationship. This is normally short-lived'

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K\tY"\

4.28 StaY out ofthe kick-zone'

ommend that you keep your adrenaline down I and pay very little attention to this episode' suggesl that you walk between your equipment and the hotse's head, encouraging him the to stay with you rather than investigating equipment. you Once your equine student will follow attach again then comfortably, you should your long line to the halter, and stand with the your horse beside the equipment' Pick up Chapter 4 / loin-UP

48

saddle pad and approach your horse, holding the pad close to your right hip. Stroke your horse's shoulder with your left hand and slowly place the pad so that it is slightly ahead of the withers (Goal Number 5). At this point, slide the pad back until it sits in the intended position. When the pad is correctly in place, pick up the saddle (stirrups up) with the girth (or cinch) placed over the seat. Move so that your left hip is near the left shoulder of your horse. Gently place the saddle

on his back. Lift the girth and place it across his neck in front of the saddle (Goal Number 6). Now move carefully past his head to his offside, giving his forehead a rub as you pass. Stand near the right shoulder and take the girth down slowly and smoothly without

of the tack.

!

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1

hesitation. Move quietly back to the nearside, rubbing the forehead again. Stand near the left shoulder and carefully reach under to pick up the girth. For an English-t1pe saddle, place the front buckle on the front billet and draw it snug, reading your horse so as not to make it too tight, but

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tight

enough to ride or stay with the horse if he should buck. Do not place the tongue of the buckle into a hole on the billet

until you are comfortable that it is sufficiently tight to ride through bucking. Ifyour horse should start to buck before you place the tongue in the hole in the billet, then the buckle will slide off the billet, allowing your saddle to be thrown clear. If you place the tongue in a

50

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4.36 Pick up the saddle pad.

Chapter 4

/

Join-Up

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4.48 Close uP view of the procedure.

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4.45 Ninety Percent of horses buck with their first saddle. 4.49 Adjust the headstall of the bridle.

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i, 4.46The horse joins-uP

52

4.5o Where the reins 9o behind the saddle'

Chapter 4 / Join-UP

d61-uro[

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dog lou IIIM daql teul os Ieur 3uo1 Suunp umop pue dn aq o] sdnur]s eq] sasneJ -1ue rnof;o sapls aqtr ]e alnJes q8norql lI apltrnq uaql arnpacord sIqI'uorl reau aql dnrrlls aql pue '1I uI lslml auo lseal le SuFtnd 'raql€al ' aq} o} a^ohl yo ,f,r" r{loq dn >1o1d d1n;arel 'aplsreau uorl dnrrlls apIsJJo aql q8rlorq] deruqleq s8ueq u ]eq} os aql dn 4rI'I 'raluaJ q8norqt 11 dorp pue raql€al dmlls 'llq aql 3u1q1noru a11qm aql olul >Itr€q asroq aq1 SuFg uI {IeM asroq rnod lal pu€ 'ure8e saplrl 'sralnaueur I€urrou Sutlnraxa aIIqM qlnou nod

a,ro11o1

srasroq aql qll^^

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lou pue ueql ul {l€ls aJes

raqloue apl^

a^€q plnoqs sular aql'luaurqf,elle sular aql areld nod -ord ro ,alppes aql JO r€ar aql repun

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uad punor aq1 1o do-ulof ot dpear s1 aq '3un1onq ]noq]IM rnod >1se uel nod uaI'IM suollf,arlp qloq uI lalerl ol asroq

'dnr'rt1s aPls-J46

.uMopaulleuaJperncldSuldaa4.{JoMo}urrqlnddldtuls

ul alqqoq dn'r.r1ls a)eld zs-r

de'ue asroq rnod puas uer nod '1rnq o1 sasooqf, aq Jl pue Sudets pue dlsnotlner 'lurod slql 1v 'auoz >IrDI aql Jo lno aql uorJ auII aql al^ourar 'MoN 4req 8u1ddals 'ralleq 'sread luarar ut d1a't'rsnpxa quf a1d1s-qsq8ug sIqJ'asJoq aurll-lsJu aql aq] asn ol uasoqf, a'leq 1 dq'r't sI

poqlau raldruls Sulppes raulerl aql roJ luaurqJelle Jo aql 'uoFlppe uI 'Ierulue n ,rp1.oord qrrf aldrs-qsr13ug

snql 'd'leaq dol aroru reJ rnod rapun uJnl o1 auord arour eI-['L 'pauref,uor pue ralleaq dlpraua8 sI alppes uralsa6 ad&-qsq8ug aql u"qtr aJes ssal sI s1 8ul1ppes lsJU araqM '3u14lnq due lno apF ol qrup a1d1s-uralsa6 € Jo asn aq1 'q8noua uolloru 8ur'uog auo iq8p u la8 o1 ldual]e pu€ a4e1 '8u1ppes lsrg r{lp,t Snus oBI}eI aql Merp ol alef, }ou op I 'asJol{ uo qlulf J€ar ro {u€u e puaulurofar paqsllqelsa esn 'arnp

----\.

'a^o'qP

uroJl ]uaula)e1d urag l5-r

eqtr

rnod Sulppes ro1 sanbpqlel aJes a'l'eq nod 11 'auo -arord slql roJ alppes uJelsag e uasoqf

pu€ apllnq }uorJ aq} o1 >1ceq oB {leq aq} q}lm dn 1I Ie^aI qllou auo dn 1r 'r'rerp uaql pu€ euo ]sru aql ueql ralqSr] 'qr43 aI{} uo aplrnq >Ileq aq} q8norql nod teql 1sa33ns I ut aPlrnq luorl aq] qllM talllq >Ileq aqr IInd 'ace1d u€f qrlqm '"lualrrdxa Surualq8q; pue snora8uep e aq rnod a't'eq plnor nod asroq aql r"pt"' p"t'*l alppes ,Bur4rnq aql app ol q8noua lqBP sl 1I erolaq aloq lailIq

X1{i$Vt

,iJL,l0 l,ttryitr 'il,c& ssnat ittL

Long Lining Next, take up both iines holding them at the snap ends. Snap one into the nearside training ring of the Dually halter and place the other over the seat of the saddle allowing the snap

to just reach the ground on the opposite side' Cross in front of your horse to the offside, giving his head a rub as you go round. Pass the offside snap through the stirrup (back to front) and snap it into the offside training ring of the Dually halter. Take care to adiust the Dually ring smoothly under the bit and bridle. Return to the nearside and repeat the process with the nearside line. Pick up the two lines on the near

4.55 Fix the long lines on offside.

side of the horse and move backward and laterally outside the kick zone toward the rear of

the horse. At this point, you are prepared to drive your horse on the two lines (Goal Number 8). Swing the offside line over his hips, which places you well behind the horse and in the driving position. You should be experienced with long lining long before you execute this procedure with a raw young horse. I rec-

ommend that you long line many trained and quiet horses before you take on a young inex-

4.56 Fixthe long lines on the nearside.

i\il

horse accepts the lines

perienced one. Ifyour well, you are now prepared to allow him to circle the round pen while you stand near the center guiding him. Your horse should successfully execute circles on each lead and turn

comfortably away from you as you request. When your horse is turning and accepting his work at the walk, trot and canter, you should stop your student and turn him outward facing the fence. You should allow the animal to stand for a moment and relax. Then, lifting the lines, you should encourage him to take one step backward as he draws the slack from the reins. I recommend that you always cause your horse to take a step back before going to the next goal in the training procedure' I feel that this is important, as it instills in the horse's mind a desire to relax at the conclusion of each maneuver. If you accomplish this with

54

4.57 Long lining from the Dually halter.

Chapter 4 /loin-Uq

99

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no{ areqM sl slql z9't

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will never proyour horse, it is likely that you into the next proceduce a horse that barges apt to wait for dure unilaterally; he is more driving' using the rings of ,o.r. t...o-mend (see Chapter 7)' the Dually halter once or twice of to the rings the snaffle unA ,f-t.n'uO,tance

while long lining' and the,stirrup Next, i.-o"" the long lines hotses procedure' leather. At this point in the It ridden be to are ienerally ready in"t t riders that """ should be noted that I recommend for the first of horses that are being ridden No matter activity' this ,r-" ut. experienced in he does well who is starting the horse or how dangerbe can his work, an untrained animal to riding unous. Only a person accustomed to mount at schooled horses should attempt

\

this Point. tio not want to leave you with the impresriding on sion that I specifically recommend to repeat this the first day. Should you choose

1 I

1

{ -l.l

riding is.accomprocess for several days before should be cauptrrn"O, it is pefectly flne' You so to repeat the Join-Up process

I

.'

t :

I

*tl:':/''

tious not for your horse' much that it becomes boring students' I believe that just as with human in the educational horses need to move along interesting' work process/ keeping the thirty-five I rode my own horses for about my forties in years of my career' I began whiie

with the

to

use of an assigned

""p"ri-.'lt riaer. t discovered

very quickly that it makes or I little difference whether I got on myself inused another rider' In the Thoroughbred riders most of the owners feel that

I '

dustry, experience with ,ho.riA be very light' My early that in mind' ,rring ur-, assigned rider was with just as effective question that it is fner"e ls no

to have someone else ride for You' riding' make In preparing your horse for properly' adjusted is ,.rr. uU oi yont equipment wellsound' is It should be equipment that with young made and appropriate for dealing on the bit' and horses. Cfrect< the adiustment

of changing directions' 4.64 Overhead view view as the direction changes'

4.65 Overhead

resumes after 4'66 Long lining

changing direction'

lN

Chapter 4 / loin-Up 56

LS

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oLl : ' i- ' i - rr" ::i

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it is properly placed in the horse's mouth. Consult with the rider that the reins are acceptable. The girth, while not excessively

be sure that

tight, should certainly be snug enough to prevent the saddle turning. If you intend to ride the horse, it is at this point that I suggest yolt bring in an assistant to hold the horse and to leg you up (or hold for you to step on)' For this book, however, I will complete the guide to puts a Join-Up by describing how the trainer rider on his horse.

l,

,,

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., tl;l' t 'iiri:

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;19

li ti -" -/t)*,).6' j

,i Mounting

.. ...

Snap a line on the nearside bit ring' Give your

rider a minute or two to get acquainted with the horse. He should rub both sides of the animal, and over the head and neck. At this time the rider should check the girth to make sure it has not loosened during the long lining' The rider should never raise his voice or act aggressively. It is advisable that your rider understands the concepts of Join-Up,and that his body language sends the correct messages to

i:;

4,1

I

I

'iral

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) )

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4.72 Be sure to check the girth for tightness'

a:.t>--'-...'.

the horse. Jerky movements and aggressive body language could ruin the efforts you've made uP to this Point. I leg my riders up and I f,nd it safer to belly them over at flrst. Next, I turn my horse left and then right, allowing him to feel the weight of his first rider. Should the horse want to buck, the rider can safely jump back away from the horse, which he could not do if he were sit-

ting upright in the saddle. If the rider ejects from the belly position, he should stay forward of the horse and toward me. It is important that if this occursr I bring the head of the horse toward me which moves his hips away from both the rider and myself. This will prevent the horse from kicking either one of us' It should be noted that an unintentional kick

4.73 Leg-up the rider to belly over.

hurts iust as much as an intentional one' The reason that I turn the horse first left and then right is because I want the horse to view my rider with each eye. I turn left first because that

58

Chapter 4 / loin-UP

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gives us the greatest control. Once I see that

the horse has accepted this, I turn right so that the horse can see the rider out of the right eye. I am careful to control the horse and not allow him to take his head away from me should he start to buck as it could put my rider in jeopardy.

If the horse is comfortable with the rider lying over him, I will guide the rider's foot into the near stirrup and allow him to fully mount the horse (Goal Number 9). I then repeat the circles left and right. The reason being is that the horse will now see the head of the rider well above his back. This often frightens a young horse, and can evoke bucking. I repeat this procedure because I have found that if I can take my young horse through this nowfamiliar movement for the second time, I am less apt to get bucking with the upright dder. When my horse is relaxed and accepting the seated rider, I make larger circles so the horse gets a feel for walking forward with the rider up.

4.8o The proper

procedure for the attendant to assist rider in dismounting.

i"(tr; k SEFua{ FCrtll

60

VF'

UVE<

€r,ifil 5f ovr{ ?}]r {frhtfrtf Frfrrii 'rHf <4rfLr

Once the horse is moving

confldently, I quietly unsnap the line and help the rider by communicating with the horse that he should circle the pen once in each direction. I do not ask the horse to canter on the flrst day. I believe a walk and trot will sufflce for the first experience. After each revolution, I like my rider to stop and rein back one step. I maintain that this reinforces what I accomplished on the long lines and sets a pattern for the life of the horse. I ask the rider to request a step back and prepare for dismounting. The horse should be in a position well away from the fence. I attach the long line to the bit and throw the line behind me. I place one hand on the saddle at the withers as a precaution should the horse move

f

'l

4.8r How to remove the tack correctly.

toward me while the rider is dismounting. The rider should remove both feet from the stirrups and then bring the right leg clear over the back of the horse and dismount. I untack my horse using safe procedures, and allow the rider to leave the pen, taking the tack with him. At home, I'm not a hero if my

Chapter 4 / loin-Up

t9 {ool pue dllq8rrs urnl ppoqs asroq aq} 'spuo uIqlIM 'nod uror; de,tre asroq aq] saloru e{eu pue -f,as l\,\al e

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ul tulq {ool 'asJoq aq} uo dn arenbs rnod uo ador peal aql arunoq ppoqs nod

'eda aql '3e1

'nod o1 aruof, o] luslfnlal sr pue nod ruor; deru.e asroq aqtr pue llels aql ralua nod;1 3u1re;

s1

'asooqr nod;1 asroq aql uo rallerl aqt aleld uer nod alu!] slql ]v 'reau aurof ol esroq aqt Sullr,tur snql ',a18ue aarBap-g7 e o1 dliq8qs uJnl pue laaJaroJ s/asJoq aql reau lurod e ol seda rnod dorp ppoqs nod'nod preMol dlSurqtm salour asroq aql pue Ilels aq] ralue nod 1 'arnparord aq] lno -q8norql dn-urof ;o saldnurrd aq] asn plnoqs

nod 'put4 due;o Suqpueq ro 3u1prr roJ tulq a^oural pue asJoq P qJlef, o1 llels xoq e Jalue nod uaq14 'plag ilerus ro 4ropped 'letloc e se qJns ernsolrua aprslno ue 'raqlo aq1 pue 11els

xoq aql 'auo :saldruexa o,trl rapeal aq1 arrf o1 rIeJ sI tI {ulq} I taqlrn; }uaua}els 1eq} upldxa oJ'asroq aql Jo aJII aq1 lnoqSnorqr dn-ulof1o seldpurrd aqr de a^ll ppoqs a.r,r 'paqstldtuorre dn-urof aruo ]€q1 uaurasroq o1 des uago 1 sr

qDTS

aql uI

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Supeaq luasar dllenluala IIIM sasroH 'sarull Jo Jaqurnu alqeuosearun ue arnpatord aql leadar o] paau ou sI ereqJ 'suolssas dq-utof rno; rage sluapnls poo8 aq IIIM uels I sasJoq fllsaluop aq] il€ dpeau ]eq1 puu 1 'arer dlaurarlxa ta,ta -lroq 's1 slqJ 'saru11 ua1 se dueru se arnparord dn-utoflq aql op ol peq a^eq I sesroq Unf -g;p dlaruarlxa qlI^A 'uolqseJ drelduraxa ue ut Sururerl Jo eJrI srasroq aq] u€}s 111m s1q1 'sdep a^rssaf)ns uo saurll rnoJ lseel }e paqsqdurol aq1 -re aq pFoqs arnpatord dn-u1o[ 11n1

'uaauu ro ua]

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JI Unq lou saop 1r 1nq 'salnurlu a^u lseal le lsel ppoqs uorsses arurl-dqpnb aql leql a^allaq ol aruof, aleq aM'arup drrcnb aql enulluotr uaql pue puels 01 asJoq aql roJ 1re.r,r dldruls ppoqs no^ 'slql q1r,l,r.Suor,u.3u1q1ou dppyar sI ereql

dq-u;o[ / y.ra1deq3 pue '11or o] esooql IIIM sasroq auos 'nod q]!u dllualul lloq le paspdrns

aq o] slueM asroq eql

are supFlsanba lsoln[ 'salf,Jlf, u1 3ur41erur 'asroq aq1 ;o lq8rs Jo au11 aq] Sulssorl 'dene 4p.u ure8e pue peaq aql a>lorls pue urnlar plnoqs nod '1ou saop aq leql lua^a aq] q lnq'MoIIoJ IIIM esroq aql leql d1a>111 s1 11 de.r,te {le1v\ pue asroq aq] Jo peeq aql a>Iorls dldruls ppoqs no-\ 'ssacord dn-urof aql 1o ped se op a,tt s8ugp luelrodrut ]soru aq] Jo auo sI lI }eql saAaII -aq 'saperap aalql lsolul€ JoJ arrr qlIM pa{ro-ri seq oqM'11eg pro;u.er3 ,'erul] d1qenb,, 1z: le eM leql luaruuorllua ue ale

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-arf, plnoqs nod 'pasolr sI ale8 aql pue uad aq1 Jo Jealf are ]uarudlnba pue raplJ rnod rag5 sdeu.le

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pFoqs

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ue s1 aul1dps1q 'de,ra.e aq 01 ueql raqlur 'no-r, reau aq 01 urlq JoJ alqelroJluor lI a{elu o} lue-tt sde,ule nod pue 'ured asloq aql sasnef

leql l:e

aleJaqllap e asnlxa Jeulel} e uef, JaAaN 'suotsrJ -ap asol{l Jo saruanbasuor aq} roJ alqrsuodsar aq ol pue nod q1ua. eq o] ssooqJ o1 'sarlorp e>leru o] aarJ IeaJ ol luapnls rnod luem no,1 'raalunlo^ P aq o1 asroq aql lue,u. nod dq-u1o[

lnoq8norql leq] Jequauer ol IIaM sI lI .{oor

lI atup aql lou 'pa3pn[ sr

lI

aq IIIM nod

leqt slq] uo

'sasroq 3u11p,r,r pue dddeq 'pa,teqaq-1a.u

]uem IIe a14 'spo8 a^oqe aql Sulpre8ar smoqs asroq aql Surpuelsrapun pue arueldale '11 qslldurorre Jo Ia^aI aql ueau 1 'dlqenb dg nod 1se; ,ll'oq lou pue '>1rom aql;o d1lpnb aq1 sI luelrodrur sl leI{M '8ut}unoru aro;aq siep nod;r ua^e peaqe IIaM aq lptr noi

IeJeAas a4e1

]uq1 aru11 qf,nlu os nod a,res p,t. dn-u1o[ 'a8era.te uo salnulur 0€ lnoqe ur raplr aql Supdac:e dddeq allnb sI asroq atll dleraua8 leq] puu osp 1 dep lxau aq] uml /suolssas orr} -aJ o1 e^€q plnoM efualpne aql ro arull 3uo1 e {oo} I JI 'uolssas auo uI pa1a1d -ruof, aq lsmu daqt 'suorleltrsuoulap dru op I uaqm 'raqruaurag 'dep raqloue ro; leo8 1se1 slql a^es 1 lpalunoru aq o1 dpear ]ou sI esroq

at you. With this, you should drop your eyes, turn to a 45-degree angle and invite the horse

to turn off the back wall and approach you. If the horse is reluctant, you should repeat the process. If two or three of these episodes happen without the horse joining-up, you should consider returning to the round pen for another session. This procedure should be used in the box stall throughout the life of the horse.

Monty's Points oin-Up is the most critical element of my concepts.

>>f

oin-Up is the centerpiece of all communication when using my concepts. >>Violence must play no Part in the

>>

f

process.

In the Field In an outside enclosure, you should utilize the same procedures as described for the box stall. In the larger enclosure however, you may have to walk some distance to effect the same result. Again, if the horse is not cooperative in two or three attempts, you should return to the round pen for more Join-Up training. Like the box stall, these procedures should be used in outdoor enclosures for the entire relationship that you have with the horse. My students often tell me that they believe these Join-Up sessions are even more important than the round pen session.

>The procedure should be precisely followed. > Slow is >>

fas! fast is slow.

Goals should be set and met.

>>Time is the least >>

important thing.

Always be safe.

> Equipment must be appropriate.

Quality time is important after loin-Up. >> Principles of foin-Up should be used throughout the life of your relationship.

>>

Use principles of f oin-Up in the box stall. > Use principles of f oin-Up in outdoor enclosures.

>>

Questions and Answers Q. Can you do Join-Up with a weanling? A. I recommendJoin-Up for a weanling when he is fully separated from his mother and has ceased calling out to her. Before you attempt a weanling, I recommend that you practice this art on some older, trained horses. A weanling should not be introduced to the Join-Up process more than two or three times. Once you

have completed Join-Up, the horse should be turned out with other animals of the same age,

62

and allowed to grow up. You can live by the

principles of Join-Up throughout the many months of rearing your foal. This simply means that you should always use the body Language of Equus when dealing with young stock. Q. Does the size of the pen matter? A. Sure, it matters. (See "The Round Pen,"

p.29t.

Chapter 4 / Join-Up

t9

rld

sonolu asloq aql ^e^^e ",{eMe 6urob uo slseqdua.ro;

;ig{

'peal lq6tr stq uo

aur; 6uo; aq] s^ olql ,{1anr ssa.r 66e X1uo141 'sar{a uo sar{a qlrntr

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4 Monty moves into a

:-'iS

position to encourage the horse to reverse direction and take

-={ €

a left lead.

JEAI

I

5 Monty again reverses

the horse's direction back to a right lead for the second time around.

?.L:- t,*r

.ffi: ll

6 The horse continues

to move off, but the right ear is now locked onto MontY, starting to show respect.

64

Chapter 4 / loin-Up

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i:';..

..:i".

'sa,{a slq sdo.rp ,{1uoY1 6 l:i,r: i:ji;:t i:rl.

trlYlq++*$

l

r::*W,ff'ST:,qt.151 I .'.j;i;6ffi;$:*. 'alel1o6au

.., '' i-

o1

ssau!peal ;o a,tn1sa6 e 'uMop peeq srq 1nd

se

o] slrPls asloq aql pup sle6url pasol) qllrlt uMoP tule slq splol ,{1uo1u1 g

l1

t1 ,l

-3."-

trfr 'rvrou ,{1uo141

otuo pa))ol

X1e1e1d

-uro) rea qllM'un,rop 6urntols sr as.roq aq1 I

il g,r'sli,:,,ru&MW

,gd.,, -ir :lr.sri!ffi:.

i5,

F

ro The horse starts to move off the fence, coming closer. Both ears are locked onto Monty.

I

.{< rr The horse approaches Monty, while Monty re-

tr

3-*=

mains passive with eyes

down, inviting the horse to take that final step.

$ : ls'l*ffisw:ltl re--,.,.-.:

I

rz This is the

"moment of Join-Up." 66

Chapter 4 / loin-Up

Cha

r

t9

dq-u;of / y.raldeq;.l

dn

'uo!t)ar!p asl^i\I)olf -raluno) e ur dn-/v\ollo} ol asJoq aql sall^ul pue uoll -)aJlp sasJa^al ,quol^ 9t

€*it

:d +

ti,*

r 'uolloru asl/v\l)oll ul

r,ll!/v\

^luol ol sanu!luo)

e

dn-Mollo,

asJoLl

aql tl

i

il

I 'es!/!{I)ol) 6u1u;n1 -

1s.rg'dn-ano;;oJ ol esJotl aql sall^u!,(luol €r

I

lt

r6 The horse is fullY following Monty in a comPlete counterclockwise direction'

r7 MontY rubs the

vulnerable areas where lions, tigers and leoPards attack.

r8 MontY rubs the vulnerable areas where wolves, coYotes and other canines attack' Chapter 4 / loin-UP 68

d1-u1o[ / 7.ra1deq3 69

'I)el

eql {q pape;1

-s1P 6u1aq

alrdsaP'dn

-MOllo] ol asooqf ol asloq

aql 6ul/v\olle '{q }snrl s,asroq aql slsal ,{}uol^ rz

'ullq ureq

11tm

leHl

6u1q1auos s! l! ,! aes ol {1asop rano l! slool asJotl aql'llel aq1 ur s6u1;q /!{ou luepualle uv oz

',{11a1nb sPuP}s

asJoLl

aql allq^

'6eg pulq.reau aq1 dn s1:gd {g1n;a'rer ,{1uoY1 6r

"Sr.:''@' 'J';r j rl

'i

l'i

rlt

1,,

r 'a ii ri i

.'.

22 The

first saddle Pad is

put uP on the horses's withers. He stands quietlY.

#*i:.'! rrr.,, :!.ffi 1,','1..::1j#11{,,,1i;'U

23

Monty Puts the first

saddle of the horse's life over the saddle Pad. The horse remains calm'

' ,:1*,;l :.''r i'

; L

ii

r Ir B

]l" (

F

ii s 1.,

It lr

.il

z4 MontY now reaches under the horse to attach

il

,ri

i, tr t:

it

iiji

the girth. During this procedure the horse is standing with a loose long line.

i*

Chapter4/foin-UP

,h ,i!'

ii, ti ri

i

I lf

70

ryt$-:.

.p

&.r-"

l$!lf.'S&WW

-a

zB The horse

volunteers

to loin-Up with MontY once more, finding safetY in Monty's companY. '",,,

:ffixffi ry*Ywwffi's,i,,1"$x "*.f

gt{i€j${.&iffi I

,l

i:ilii .1. .: I I ir.l..t'l

:

ll i:i

z9 Now it is time to Put the first bridle on the horse. He accepts

it quietly.

3o Monty crosses the reins behind the saddle

in preparation for the long lining procedure.

72

Chapter 4 /Join-UP

34 Monty stePs back and away from the horse in

preparation to drive the horse on the long lines.

Monty flicks the offside long line down over the left hiP and the long lining procedure 35

begins.

what the long lining procedure looks like from the side as the

36 This is

horse moves awaY on his left lead.

74

Chapter 4 / loin-Up

9t

d61-uroI

f

'ruorl] sdorp pue saull 6uo1 aq1 suesool

,(1uo141

'1req

dals aq1 elel ol sJoa] -unlo^ asroq aq1 ra11y 6[

'1req dals auo a)el pue dols o1 asroq eql slse,(1uo141 g€

'peal 1q6r.r srq uo asJor{ aq} }nd o} uoll

-)ar!p

sasra^a.r

ftuo6 l€

40,ason Davis, the rider, now introduces himself to the horse, while Monty stands back

quietly watching.

4r Before mounting, Monty assists lason in

bellying overthe horse to accustom him to the weight and to see the rider on his back.

4zlason rides the horse

off in a quiet fashion, giving the horse the chance to feel comfortable with his first rider.

76

Chapter 4

/

Join-Up

LI

dq-u1ol / 7.ra1deq1

'6ul1le1s aq1 1o

uorlalduor uodn

uollexelal lo luatuotu aql sllel llPH pro}/!{Pl) leq^^ sl slql //'atull ,fi11enb,, aruos oslotl

aqr 6u1n16

s1

,(1uo61

9f

.uad aqt punore u1q 6utmo1;o1 q}lm aq o} }uPM

',{1uo141

ol senu!luo) aq 'as;oq palualuo) f,tartY lV

'auop 1lart qol e Jo, PJeMaJ e asJoq aq] sanl6 uose[ €l

Ioin-Up

Doys Two Through Four I advise that once started with Join-Up, the process of a horse's education should continue uninterrupted. It is not a good idea to start the horse, give him a day or two off, and then expect him to pick up where you left off. Through these concepts, it is fair to expect improvement each day if the work is done on consecutive days. Using between four and ten full complementJoin-Ups is appropriate. One should execute at least six consecutive sessions before giving the horse a day off. If four full Join-Ups are employed, then the last two sessions would be simple communication, living by the concepts of Join-Up. If you have followed to the letter the procedures that I described in 'Join-Up Day One," you are prepared to go on to "Day Two." For our purposes herein, we will define Day One as the first day when the horse is ridden.

Day Two

are likely to

find that

each goal is accomplished quicker and is easier to meet. When you reach the point at which you have your horse on long lines, I suggest

that you extend the length of time you work with your horse in this format. Trot and canter more. It is likely that you will find your horse more willing to rein back while on the long Iines. Be soft with your hands, but ask a bit more of him in this area. After mounting, it is likely, but not necessarily always true, that your horse is ready to canter on the second day. If you think that your horse is inclined to buck, save the canter for the third or fourth day. I have had some real challenges in my career who were not safe to canter until the

eighth or tenth day, but those are very rare.

78

Day Three With the average horse that I start and train, Day Three is one of the most interesting. It is often a day when the horse will experiment more than in Day One or Day Two. He has now learned to carry the rider's weight and be a bit more comfortable with the challenge of carrying saddle and rider. Often the horse that chose not to buck in the first two sessions will

try it in the third session. Thus, it is important to follow the rules regarding the rider throughout the first flve or even ten rides, depending

Bring your horse to the round pen having in mind all of the admonishments connected to Day One. Foliow the Day One procedures vir-

tually identically. You

On Day Two, most horses are ready to cross through the center of the pen being directed by their rider at a trot. I feel that it is appropriate to extend the length of time in the round pen on the second day sothatyou spend about 45 minutes on average, rather than the 30 minutes on average that you spend on the f,rst day. Remember, it is important to end each of your procedures, and the day, on as positive a note as possible. Take your rider off and close out Day Two in a similar fashion to Day One.

on the horse. As I have studied the horse in-

dustry throughout my life I have found that this is the case no matter which procedures of starting or breaking are used. I say this not to frighten the reader, but to advise against being lulled into a sense of security and then surprised by your equine student. Day Three should proceed much as Day Two, however the early procedures of Join-Up, follow-up, and r,'ulnerable areas are apt to take less than flve minutes. It then becomes a matter of saddling, long lining for even a greater length of time than in Day Two, and riding and building on the procedures of Day Two. If your horse canters well on Day Three, you are

probably ready to introduce him to a saddle horse in the round pen at the same time. Preferably a gelding, this horse should be welltrained and easily manageable. Your young horse should become acquainted with the

Chapter 4 / Join-Up

6l sasroq leq} urelsds uolleflunuruoJ e a^€q oq^{ qlp't eseq] qlrm 3u1pap leq] leal 1 's8uelsmu dur ue8aq 1 'LV6Iul'ZV6I aruls dn-utof 4ro.r,r

uaaq a^eq I ;o saldnupd eq] qllnt Sutpap 'dn-urof Surureal le reilaq aruolaq u€r a,,vr sdert o,r,t1 dluo eql are esaql asneJaq eJour af,I} -terd pue rapJeq dpnls o1 uollluourpe aql qll,vr

uorlsanb dra.ta dlprplerd ramsue lsnru I leqtr p€J aq] ol umop saurol lI 'sluaururoJ f,tu az1 -leraua8 lsnru I snq] 'ryo,r,l ]e Jepeal du Suraas op 1 'la'ta'u'oq '1ooq e 1o a8alptpd eql a^€q lou 8upp,u uaq6'4tporu ol peau e ro arnparord ue:) sqq u1 SulruoJuoqs e se aas I l€qm ol ]r€ar ueurnq e a^eq I JI 'V 1 'aru;o luorJ ul luapnls 'd1-u1o[1,uorvr as'roq {y1 '! eop I plnoqs 1eqry1 3u1rt1og

ualqotd d11-u1o I

'aru!l {ue te a)Jol lo ulsd asn lou oO < '6u11oo1Poo6 uo 6ul{Jo/v\ ale no{ alns a{e[^ <<

'sltalqo 6u;ua1q61'4

{11e;1ua1od

,{ue aneq lou saop 6u11tom ale no{ q:1qm u! PaJE aLl} aJns a{e6 << 'asrotl 6unor( aql {uPdtuof,fe o} esJot{ alppus alqellal 'a}es e aneH << 'uad punol aq] u! lunouslp Pue dn {f,e} sIe/v\lv<< 'alqel!e^e af,uslslsse eAsH << 'sdep a^!]n)asuo)

uo

dn-ulol;o ssa:o;d aql leadag <<

sluloet s,d1uo14;

'aprslno trunourslp Japlr

aql a^eq y leq1 a8era,Le uo dep qlual aql trnoq€ Irlun lou sr 1I uorlerado du ur pue '8u1lunoru -srp eroJaq uad punor aql ol urnlar sraplr pue sasJoq qloq l€q} puaururofar 1 'sdep a^u ol

dq-u1o[ / 7.ra1deq1

qrtqrt aarql raqloue roJ pa.\rasar lsaq aq lq8nu dressarau 'dep lsrg aql uo aplslno raluel o1 sl trI 'lq8ra-arn8g a8rel e Surlean dq asra-r lou

-aJ € puP suollf,eJlp I{}oq ul lorl pue {IeM al{l apnlrul pue asJoq alppes aql 3u1rto11o1;o dlaru 'arua-I -ue trslsuor plnoqs aplslno dep lsrg aqJ Jo aarl P uroJJ Sufueq 3eq rpseld e ro '3op

palloJluolun ue 'dqreau sleurlue asool apnlJ -u1 1q31ru asaql 'asroq Sunod e 4oods plno\r arnsolfua apls 1eq1 s8u1ql Jo aarJ aq ppoqs -]no aqJ 'eare aplslno aql ol uolllsuerl rnod ur alaql ]eql os seaJ€ oMl aql Jo

uorldnrralur ou

sI

sate8 aql elpueq o1 uosrad pJIq] e a^eq

ol elqe

-sbpe sl 11 '3u1rua; aJes pue Supoo; aJes a^eq lsnru eaJe 3ulurerl Jooplno rnod'raqruaurag 'os ro deP eJlxa uu a{E}

pullu 'd1a;es auop aq uef, arnparord slql leql rnod ut lqnop due sI araql JI 'earu 3u1uterl ra8rel ro rooplno aql ol uo oB ue: nod uaql '4leq utar pue 'lq8lr pue UaI urnl 'dols uer raprr rnod pue dlqepo;uof asroq alppes aql asroq Sunod aql JI 'luapnls rno i 3upr,ro11o1 sI

qllr,l uad aql uI asJoq alpp€s rnod qlllt aruP ra8uol e Surpuads lnq 'aarq1 de6 su qrmu oB ppoqs rnog deq 'eueJe ue 'asel dru uI 'eare Suruler] ra8rel e ol uo oB pue uad punor aql rnoc deq uo dpear sl Jo sauuuof, eq] a^€al ol 'uoperado dru u1 uels I ]eq] asroq a8era,t'e aq1 dep uollenper8 1o

adfi e dllensn

s1

rnog

ieq

tnot l0o

'aJu?]srsse

lnoqll\!

lunousrp 01 replr aql MoIIe o1 uoplsod e uI lq8lru nod aurll slql dq pue 'alqrssod se d1a-rrx

aq

-rsod se aarql deq JJo qslulC 'sarnpalord asaql q8norqt pulqaq palooJ-areq oB u4q e^eq pue asroq alppes aql uo saoqs r€er aql ilnd pFoqs auo 'rapF eq] ro asroq Sunod aql raqlle Stq

-{rI{ asroq alppes rnod lnoqe paIJroM are no-i qtp't dlualo arour asror{ JI 'alplJq pue ]Iq aql aql app8 pue sple 3a1 snor,tqo d1rrel asn o1 uG -aq ueJ raplr eql ']urod slql lV 'uollfarlp qrer ur Jaluer pue loJ] '41eu. e ]e uad eq] punor urr.i{ MolIoJ ol aJu€qf aql ua.t13 pue asroq elppPs

is pure was the real beginning of my under-

standing of the Join-Up phenomenon. The mustangs use a language with one another that is unaffected by human contact. I observed first their exchanges horse to horse, and then I watched as they dealt with predators. Subsequently, I used forms of the gestures that I had seen in an attempt to create communication between myself and horses. I was amazedto find that it was possible. By 1'952 or 1953, I was what I would call "street convelsant." I have continued to hone my skills and understand more about the Language of Equus so that communicatingJoin-Up has become increasingly more fluent. Now, with more than 7Z,OOO horses on my list, I attempt to teach this skilt to entryJevel horsemen. While I feel that I can give students a great leg-up in the learning process, there is still much education to do. I had to learn through trial and error. I do not know of any language that can be learned overnight. I am not aware of a worthwhile skill that iust falls into your brain like a flake of snow from the sky. You need to educate yourself to the Language of Equus which allows you to accomplishJoin-Up. Often, I have people come to me and say, "I tried to Join-Up with my horse, but it does not work with him. I guess he is stupid or something." I am quick to answer, "Please do not blame your horse or call him stupid." Wherever there are shortcomings in the training process, one should look inward to find the reason. I normally ask how many horses they have attempted Join-Up with, and I generally get numbers like one, two, or three. I relayed a story to my students about my being in Paris in the early 1970s. Once, I found myself hopelessly lost in a rented car. When I saw a police officer standing on a corneq I decided to pull to the curb and ask how to get back to the George V Hotel. I used several sentences of my best French to glean an answer from him. It did not take long to figure out

80

Mo:

that this police officer was very angry about my parking the car in a restricted area. His tone of voice, waving of arms and shouting at the top of his lungs made it clear to me that he did not understand my French at all and wanted me out of there immediately. I drove to the flrst hotel I saw and secured the services of a bilingual taxi driver to negotiate the way to the George V Hotel with me following in my

Q-

tti

doe fuse

A.T and

perf

Frer

ter t gest

rented car. Prior to my trip to France, I had taken a one-week course in the French language. I use this story as an anecdote to prove to people who come to me that it is essential to spend time learning the nuances of Join-Up. I suggest to them that they use an older, trained and gentle horse while learning the process, as I often find that students will expect to be successful with the raw horse at first asking. Like anything else in life, we should crawl before we

hear

agai

can goor eos

i

Q.r

will

A. \i!

ded gest

walk and walk before we run.

bad step

toroi

>>

tells

Monty's Points

witt

Learn the Language of Equus.

wou

men

> I have studied the language for 6O years.

Q-r

> I have discovered that, like any

wi$

language, you must practice it.

lvha

>>

>>

Horses are not stupid, just mis-

I car

understood.

don

"Hands on" is the best teacher.

A.A it nt not bott

> Once the concepts are understood, problem-solving is academic.

*

tuft prac

Q.r wat am!

Chapter4/foin-Up

clrq

t8

d6-urof /

t raldPql

'lqBIJ lI Suqla8 ol raMsue aq] sI arprerd

>Ise 01 ]uapnls e speal leql uorllpuol dreruud y 'ualqord aq] Jo ]ees aql

pue uad puno, aql u1 o6 1 'op o1 pasoddns ue leqM Moul I a^allaq ; pue sadel aql paq)le,s aneq 1 '{;anlsualxa d1-u1o[ parpnls a^eq I 'O

'do}s Sura8uol auq-a18u1s a{IISp I uoseal auo ot u4q sanl raulerl aql IFun uad aql punore

unr pue araql ]no dels otr seq aq ]eq] paureal s€q aH 'pa8uol dlarr'1sue1xa uaeq s€q asroq aq] ]€q} sI uorlsenb slql

aq ol pug I leqm uo Jalrsue dru aseq o1 ]drua]]e s1q1 IIrM I pue ta.La.r,roq 'uago altnb uorlsanb ramsue 1 'Sutrrnlo s1 sqt dqm lnoqe alelnrads dluo uer 1 'uoqe.trasqo leuosrad lnoqllM 'V eaur ol 6urpuodsal

lo

6u1aes {l1ua.redde lnoq}lrnt punorP pue punore

sJaluef 1sn! as.roq

{u {qrt atu llal no{ ue1 '! 's11qs

aqtr

uI

I

aloru pue dpnls arour 'ure8y ,/'}no tulq aunl o1 3u1o8 lsn[ rue I ']I lnoqe;1asdu Suuaq]oq dols ol 3u1o8 ur,1 la8en8uel dur puelsrapun lou

leqM'uolluelle

srq 1a6

ol uaas louusf

pue atu sa.rou61 aH 'luelslsar ller plnom

I

lleq'$

'snnbg;o a8en8uel aql alnraxa ralleq sluaffi; -a,roru dru leql suealu slqJ,'alu 1\{olloJ plno-uasroq slql lqnop ou a^eq I salnullu &lal e u-rtfll4!' 1eq1 ureldxa uago I 'MoIIoJ ol ]ou esroq aql sTn?: srql '3ur,ra.o11oJ sI eq JI aas ol asJoq aql prerto: raq ro stq deus uaq] pue o,v4 ro dals a{e} IIIM }uapn}s erIJ 's}uarualolu aia peq >1oeq sada

e

aq IIIM ll 'uaryo 1soyr1 'sasn aqs ro aq sarr4s:; aql qll1v\ MolIoJ 01 ]ou asroq aql Sulllal sI lurp -nls eql leql pug 1 'dranb slql ruaq I uaq\!'V eop I plnoqs leqM '/I^ollol lou llr,M, lnq 'aug d1-u1o[ o] asJoq {u la6 uer | 'b

aq

'$Iooq pue sc|j -pr.r dru q8norql saldr:ugd aq] dpnls o1 poo; aq plnom 1r 'a1rq,u.ueayq 'auroraq dluappns

usr

'urer:{ 1r ,{sea Moq }e qBnel ,{lqeqold 1;r,tr no1 asroq rnod drl ueql pue sasroq paule4 Jo pe?.i

^lOU

uaql Sulq:lezu ta.ramog

!"

seop aH,, sdes aq leq] suaas 1l uaql pue 1q3g +l "V ]aB o1 sar4,ra.a; e nod a,lr8 dluo IIIM asroq Y 26uolrrn auoP I a^eq

satuo)aq aH 'lno atu sounl aq asroq {r'u qlpr 6u;leap lo salnulul rltal B laUP reqr pu$ I 'b

rnod pe;rad

o] sasJoq eAII qlIM arull ,,UO-Spueq,, aloru paau nod ]eqtr sI pooqla>Ill aq1 'u.r,top sf,Iurepere aq] a^eq nod;1 'dro8a]€l slql }u oq1v\ sluapnls JoJ alqe1e^e sJaqf,eel lsalear8 aql se alras oq,rt s8uelsnur Ieraaas paldope a^eq I 'silI{s prrlrerd

slq auorl ol asJoq Sunod e urtq u8rsse o1 dr1 prl 's1ql a{II asef, e u1 'snnbg;o a8en8uel aq} a,r,r

sI Jo sluaruala 1sa1du1s aq] alnJaxa ol alq€un oqrr,r uosrad e a^Jasqo 1 'uad punor aq] uI Jale'I dllryssarrns slsa] ualllrm aql ssed leql Iooqls Jno uI sluapnls lera^es p€q a^eq a14'1ra[qns raqloue uo JJo sI asJoq aq] 'saop aq alull aql dg 'uol1gsuertr aql alnraxa ol op ol 1eq.r,r dlpexa lnoqu Suqulql sdals arour llal e {IeM uaql pue asroq € dq apeur arnlsa8 erll alJasqo IIIM luap -n1s e 'uagg 'sasJoq Jlaql IIIIM uol]€zluoJql -uds ;o lno are sarnlsa8 4aq1Jo Sulurll aql pu€ aq] ]eq} azlleal I 'uad sluaura^our Jraq] JO

punor

"r,ro1

dluel.l o] ual qlIM dn-urof op nod lerp

-IoJ o] paau daql sarnparord aql o1 se alqea8pa -lMouT alpb auroraq IIIM sluapnls uagg 'iq8p 3u1urp rnod ]aB o1 sesroq a,tq qlpr,r dltualf,UJns

rsa,-

-3ns 1 'puelsrepun o1 urlq Supradxa arolaq

r;l

-}aq 1I uftal o] papaau l dlsnoprqo pue qlulr: dru puelsrapun lou p1p aq 1nq '1am r(1Fa-ua: qf,uaJC poolsrapun aH 'JelUJo arlod aq1 pul ;1asdu ol IeJpuapl lsorule uollenlls e sr snLL'v 'atu qllm d1-u1o( ol sasry aulu puelsJapun ol uaas lou saop

parrlrerd lou a^eq nod leq] sI ereq ualqord aql a^erlaq 1 'dlq8noroqt ssarord aq1 dpnls o1 arup aql ua{el a^eq nod teql paseald ure I'v elpql sl {qry1 'anlsuodsaJuou s1 as.roq {ru 'da1s lxau aql ol uolllsuel1 o1 1dua11e I uaqm 'lng 'allasqo o1;1as{u pau!er} a^eq I leql ,(u q1;r* 6u1>;.rort a;1qr*

-aJ pue

aq

lnq

'sa.rn1sa6 slq aru san16 as.roq

salt+suv pu/, suollsano

s;eu6gs aql aas I asloq

{4 '$

alalt

is that it goes against the nature of the horse. I can always tell when a horse has been longed

that way because he exhibits many idiosyncrasies that single-line longeing tends to create (see "single-Line Longeing," p, 1O4).

Other Common Problems Orphan foals that have been raised on a bottle seldom learn the Language of Equus fluently, therefore using the Language of Equus in JoinUp is relatively ineffective. I do not know of any other procedure that works well on bottleraised foals either, because it is difficult to communicate with them. I advise people to use alternative techniques when raising orphans. First, it is important for humans to have as Iittle contact with the foal as possible. I also recommend raising them with other foals. A well-grafted nurse mare can be very effective and will often raise you a foal that you would not know was an orphan. Goats can help you in this process too, and I have found their milk to be significantly superior to cows' milk to nourish a young horse. A goat, along with several foals to run with, and close attention to the use of alternative concentrate feeds, can help you raise a well-adjusted animal. Without a doubt, the greatest contributor to raising an abnormal foal happens when the humans allow emotion to enter the scenario. They will often fall in love with the baby and find it gratifying that the young horse comes to rely upon them to sustain life. The inevitable outcome of this activity is the production of a young horse that believes that he is part human. It is curious that with this mind-set the foal will virtually always become mean eventually. Associating food with the human body, and believing that he is somehow close to being the same species, will create the expression of anger within the foal. Aggressive males can be a serious problem

for the practitioner of Join-Up. This is not to

other method, but you could be laying yourself open to injury if you place your trust in an aggressive young male horse. It is not by accident

that aggression in young colts becomes a part of their makeup. There is a high probability that mistakes have been made by people that cause this problem. That, however, does not mean you should consciously expose yourself to potential injury in an attempt to doJoin-Up with this sort of animal. Young stallions should be handled by professionals, not by amateurs. An aggressive young male should be treated as a remedial horse before any attempt to doJoinUp. The alpha female can, in rare cases, be as dangerous as the aggressive young male. If you identify alpha female characteristics in a filly, then she should be treated in much the same way as an aggressive male.

Monty's Points > Orphan foals raised on a bottle sel-

dom learn the Language of Equut. >> lf possible, raise orphans with otherfoals. >r Nurse mares and goats greatly help in raising orphan foals. > Keep human emotion out of the scenario. >r

Associating food with the human body should never be allowed.

>>Aggressiveness in young males is a serious problern and should be

handled only by professionals. >Aggressive young males should be treated as remedial horses.

>Alpha females sometimes exhibit aggressive tendencies.

say that they are not a serious problem for any

82

Chapter 4 / Join-Up

d1-u1of / 7 -ra1deq3 E8 'sai{e go sar(a 'aul1P1tu

' oSl le slaplnoqS

eles laal ol no^

ssol)P paPlol pue u/v\op struP

'au punole 6ut11,ru1

ue

1

'outlpltu lo luo4 ?"{EF#-'{€,.:&.

;.f ,:&

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ue

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)

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lsll

'uado

sJa6u!l'lno stuJe

*J,'-Y

pue sa{a uo sa'{f,

c'7r'\./ /r/

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aq ol /{peal 6urua6 ue I

slaplnoqs

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1

asroH aql

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^q

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'I

aql

2. Sending the Horse AwoY initial gesture to send the horse away gestures to send the horse away 6. The optimal collection of 1. The

r*\

to send the horse away' 1. Eyes on eyes is the initial gesture

L-<-? t 6J a,'

,&v is more effective than #1' 2. Eyes on eyes and shoulders square

out' is more 3. Eyes on eyes, shoulders square' arms effective than #1 or 2'

(-*,'+

\\)

iaJ

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ry

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4. Eyes on eyes, shoulders square, arms out and fingers open is more effective than #'1, 2 or 3.

I--l t {ii-* -i$l q n:.{i*-r-r., tYi

i--11 fl V iqrI Ul Hu iili 1

5. Eyes on eyes, shoulders

square'armsout,fingers open and throwins the rine

ismoreerrectivethan#1'2'

3or4'

t\Ri\'9'''* -Hfi' 'N', ca -g---.r.{s *{Tm, AfrTh " W$ -S u jjli d,^v (1".,J) r----:

F

6.Eyesoneyes,shouldersSquare,armsout,fingersopen,throwingthelineandadvancingismore effective than #1, 2,3,4 or 5'

Chapter 4 / loin-UP 84

dq-u1o[ / Y raldeq3

s8

so

sa,{a

"'{n-fl,-

arp} raurlpttu ssor)e uu.

6u1'rq's'ra6u1;l:'::;:::;T""Ji::[fi:]]il'::n::::t

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lfi

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pu€ sulre raMor 'au!l

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r',

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tar*o1 'au11 11or'6u1>uenPe

dors "t

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reMor'eurl11or'ounuenpedo15'g

Yat

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4U.'Ll'r*^-

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'l

o1 sa'rn1sa6 ]o uo!])allo) d1-u1o[ o] esroq aql a]!^u!

leulldo a9t'9

ol alnlsab telllu! aql d1-u1ol ol oslotl aql al!^u!

'I

'€ dq-uro[ o] asroH aqt 6uPI^uI

4. Sending the Horse AwoY Arrowsindicatethedirectionfromwhichthegestureismade

or 1. Sending the horse from near 8 o'clock 4 o'clock is oPtimal.

2. Sending the horse from near 7 o'clock or 5 o'clock is less effective than #1'

I

3. Sending the horse from near 9 o'clock or 3 o'clock is less effective than #1 or 2

4. Sending the horse from near 6 o'clock is less effective than #1, 2 or 3, and not

recommended.

86

Chapter 4 / loin-UP

t8

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9

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ssal sl

'z ro L# ))ol)/o I Jo l)ol)/o lI

Jeau luoJl nor( pJerurol asJoq aql 6urr*el6 'g

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6

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\rr \di, al

apeu

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aql q)lq/v\ uorJ uolparlp aql elP)lpul s/v\o'lrv

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'S

Eyes 6. Sending the Horse Awoy by Snopping Your to send the horse away Snapping your eyes is the most effective eye movement

f.

#''

1. Snapping your eyes, from a location away from the horse, to the eyes of the horse, is the

'

optimal initial gesture to send the horse away from you.

.A*

6\b*..-

}-**-n-,U\

&',t-{,f/'

\l

2. Snapping your eyes' from a location away from the horse, to the neck of the horse is less effective than #1 in sending the horse away

from you.

i}" 3. Snapping your eyes, from a location away from the horse, to the shoulders of the horse is less effective than # 1 or 2 in sending the horse away from You.

4. Snapping your eyes, from a location away from the horse, to the ribs of the horse is less effective than #1, 2 or 3 in sending the horse away from you.

5. Snapping your eyes, from a location away from the horse, to the hips of the horse is less effective than #1 , 2, 3 or 4 in sending the horse away from you'

j\ sl

\ruj ,, l' I

l.{-

88

I

t1

5. Snapping your eyes, from a location away

from the horse, to behind the tail ofthe horse is less effective than #1, 2,3 4 or 5 in sending the horse away from You' Chapter 4

/ loin-UP

d6-u1ol/ 7.ra1deq1 68

'V ro E'Z /1nt ue{l a^l})a}le ssal s1

pulqeq sa{a s,asroq aql o} esroq oq}}o lle} eql '9 aql uorl sa{e .rno{;o sn)ol aq} 6u;66e'r6

'€ ro

z'[#

ueq]

a^ll)erla ssa; s; se{e s,osloq aq} o} asJoq aq} ro '7 sdlq aql uo.r; sai(a rno{;o sn)o, aq} 6u166e16

'z ro [# ueq] a^!lfa#a ssel s! se,(a srasroq aql ol esroq aql lo 'g sqlr aql uo.r; sa{a .rno{;o sn)ol aql 6u;66er6

'L# ueql a^!pe#a sp sa{a tesroq aq} o} asrol'l eq} }o laplnoqs aql ruorl sar(a rno{;o sn)o} eql 6u166e16 '7

ssa;

'1eur1do st sa{a s,asloq eq} o} asloq aql }o l)eu '1 sar(a .rno{;o snfol eql 6u166e16

aql uorl

s1qI sa{a aq1 6ulddeus ueq} a^!pa#a ssal s! arnlsab

asroH aql dn paads

oI sadf rno,1 6u166otq' 7

8. Drogging Your Eyes To Slow the Horse Down body is effective in slowing Dragging your eyes from the eyes of the horse to a point on the horse's down the horse

1. Dragging the focus of your eyes from the eyes

ofthe horse to behind the tail ofthe horse

is

optimal.

2. Dragging the focus of your eyes from the eyes of the horse to the hips of the horse is less effective than #1.

3. Dragging the focus of your eyes from the eyes of the horse to the ribs of the horse is less effective than #1 or 2.

4. Dragging the focus of your eyes from the eyes of the horse to the shoulder of the horse is less effective than #1, 2 or 3.

Jt:.\

6q-- -\-.. ,itff\Si

t/ /tff 90

\i\\

2. Dragging the focus ofyour eyes from the eyes of the horse to the neck of the horse is less effective than #1, 2,3 or 4.

ili, Chapter 4 / Join'UP

L6

d6-u1o[ / 7.ra1deq3

'r(er*e asroq aql

puas ol 1eu61s ;eu;1do aq1 s1 uado s.ra6ull pue pasle.t u.re 1qbr.r rll!^{ eull 6u1morq1 '9

'Z# ueql ;eu61s .rebuo.rls e q11r* {er*e asJoq aql spuas'{e/v\e puas ol 'Pueq

'L# ueql 1eu6ls.ra6uo.rls e qllrlt {er're asloq aql spues'aull pa1lor 6u1P;oq ture llal '11 6u11e1o.t

gq6r.r

;eu61s saseal)ul a1e1or 'uado sta6uU Pue

pasler

ule lq6lu '€

Pue Pueq

aql 6ulsreX '7

'lPtulldo 1ou

sr

1nq '{ervre

asroq aql spues 'eull pal!o) pasler 6urploq pueq llal puP eullpltu plPMol pueq 'dn turv 'I

dur*V asroH aq] Ou1puas sIDu615

uuy puu puDH '6

10. Hond ond

Arm Signols Slowing the Horse Down

Arm high but still, hand open, 1.

ready to go passive,

line coiled is the least optimal

2. Arm raised,

gesture to slow down the horse.

hand posterior, rotate to the rear, is more effective in

Cre n

ahu

onlf

slowing down the horse than #1.

tloru

don t-rt lil

t ,loes

appr

3. Arm moving

toward the

4. Arm lowered to

midline position,

midline, hand anterior, fingers

hand lowered and fingers closed is more effective in slowing the horse down than #1 or 2.

ciplt ther aro(

prol

closed is more

effective in slowing the horse down than #'1,2or3.

\ qlea

:o tl

&

lntc

inb ake

hell ker:

m-ai

5. Arm crossing midline, fingers closed, is

ralu

the optimal hand and arm gesture to slow the horse down.

hor

lrjl

han solr

92

Chapter 4 / loin-UP

E6

sIH'>IftruapeJl slq aram sdols Supqs s/alumorfl 'slurod {ea,r. pue 8uor1s slq peq aq asroq due

e{I'I'rauroJrad punor-1p aIqIpaJJuI uu sell aq pue uoISIAIp uralsaM aql uI aIuMorB paMoqs o] I'ureal ol 1eap tear8 e peq ilIls I ]eq} aru pa.,lord asJoq sIqJ'raprr lualadruor e ;lasdur qU14'sdlqs 1 'acuelaqnxa Iryqtnod -uoldrueqr aruos uo,rldpeaq€ peq pue 'p1o paraplsuoJ

sread 91 se,r,r 1 '3761

/€96I uI 'aluMoJfl pallel

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JoJ 1ueo.

sa4e1 d13u1gm asroq aql leq] os pauSlsap uaql qled s1 qted s1q1 'dn ]as sI af,uelslsar lsea1;o e 'dq pa,r11 ual{lr leq} os s}treDuoJ asaql a}earr

a^Ilf,aJJa aqJ'prolvl ualllrM ro 11yur ueulsanbe ua4ods aqt se dlpnol se Sur4eads suolpe qllm areld a4e1 lsnru slf,erluoc rnod 'sasroq q1r14 JO SlJeJluoJ IeqIaA a^eq ueJ

'slfelluoJ uallIJM

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e

uaq6'Supago ru€ I uoqeurroJul aql q a{e}

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seq-au

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e

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ol pasn errlrl€d sau8y ra1s15 :aqreal lear8 qlq8la aql uI sem I uaqM

e peq I 'aper8

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aql Jo asuaJrn:ar e

'derta.

sIqJ'sasJoq punoJe

aql uI saalasuaql 4ro,ta. daq] qJIqM u1 de,u uIeJlaJ o1 aldoad saqf,eal 'ruaq1 pulqaq saldp -urrd aql Surureal dq lnq'3ur1pueq alelrdordde -ur,{q pasner suralqord aq} a^Ios dluo l,usaop stdaruor dru 1o asn

(uolpnporlur aql

aas)

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leql aulldpslp Sutsn uolleradoor Jo sJalaru€J -ed qsqqelsa pue uopdo ue se ef,roJ pu€ af,ual -orl aleulrulla ]snru nod 'sluaurala olt] asaql

,r,rapt aldruls e a^eq os 'o8a ue ssassod ]ou op daql'p1dn1s lou aff sasroH 'aldoad;o suotl -fe aq] qlIM srualqord a,req leql sasroq d1uo 'sasroq rualqord ou ale alal{l teql des sde'up 1

Jo

aar; areld € aleaJJ oJ 'luaruluasal pue real Jo luauruorllua u€ ur dluo alqlssod sI asJoq

aaJJ

asroH 6u[Imn u 6uPuar3

sdlqsrauUDd

6uguoJ a

9

n1da43

spins/ Western pirouettes, were exemplary, but chang-

ing leads in his flgure-eights would usually cost a point or two. I recall that I worked very hard to improve Brownie in this regard. It seemed that the harder we worked, the more problems we had. I sought advice from top trainers and was told that I should back off and give him a rest. He was going sour. An idea came to me one morning as I was cleaning stalls. I chose a strategy and concluded that I

would discuss

itwith

5.r Monty riding lohnny Tivio in a cutting horse competition. Johnny Tivio was the Pacific Coast Cutting Horse Association

Brownie when I got to his Champion in1966. stall, which was the last on my list. I recall, as if it was yesterday, that I entered This is a simple idea based on the behavhis stall and began to talk with him. "I know ioral principles of positive and negative reinyou do not understand my language," I forcement. I should clarify here that pain said, "but someday, I will understand yours. must never be synonymous with uncomfortMeanwhile, I will communicate with you the able. To create discomfort, I like to use a sysbest way I can. I will attempt to let you know tem of putting the horse to work. The flight what I am thinking and do that through my animal is generous and will, under normal ciractions. They tell me you are overtrained, so I cumstances, enter a work mode willingly and have a new deal for you. I will agree to train far energetically. If you are sensible and you learn more lightly Monday through Friday, if you to require an amount of effort appropriate to promise to give me one hundred percent on the the misdeed, you will seldom create resentweekends. I guess I have been asking you for ment in your horse. Be quick to heap praise on championship performances Wednesday and him, and stop work when your horse enters a Thursday, and then demanding them Saturday positive mode. and Sunday. I promise I will ease up if you will go after it when the competition is on." N eg ativ e Reinfor c ement Of course, Brownie did not understand one To give my reader an understanding of the oriword I said, but he did understand the congin of these principles and what caused them cepts when they were in place. It is a contract to be instinctual in the horse's makeup (see system and it is all about rewarding the posiChapter One), I will go over the salient points. tive and causing the negative to be less comIf the predator's defense is to attack, the horse's fortable. The secret behind the success of my defense is to flee. Flight is the first line of dework is to make it extremely comfortable for fense and therefore the key to his survival. For the horse to do what I want and uncomfortthe horse, that period of intense exercise is, able when he does not. unlike the lion, not rewarded with a trophy,

94

Chapter5 / Forming Partnerships

96

Jolepald aql {trnq }snru aq aAIAJns o} rapro uI pue '{treq srq uo Jo}epard e seq aq }eql se^alleq asJoq aqJ, ilou fIuI€Ual zSuuIeJ aq sI '.alppes lsJU slq qll1v\ S>llnq asrol{ e uaqM'ssaf,oJd

Surureal aql Jo lrud ]uelrodu4 ue sI II€J o1 asroq rol^Pqaq slq lJpour lyur unal 3uo1 e 3upa.o11y

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Suqeap pue 3ur.l11 'sa.tr1 lno

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anuquof

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e salueJf,

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uaq6 p€alsq

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-

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aql']I Jo sauof,

d1a411 s1

ured ou 1ad pue snora8

-uep aq ol asroq aqr dQ parrlarrad aq IIIM luau -alour sIqJ'asJoq aql Jo uolsr.r praqdpad aql ol luerualoru saJnpo4ul '3a1 s,raprr aql pulq -aq quoJ pue {l€q 3uru,rs sI leqt ador papprq uolloJ >Irlql Jo qr8ual u 'adol dn-dpp19 aq1 'luaurdpba Suluprl JIsuIJlxa auos asn op I '1q8rr sg {ulql I leqM op ol tulq ro; dsea pue 'Suolnr sl >lulql I leqm op o] esJol{ aql roJ }Inl dru 1y 'padsar;o su8rs -UJIp

il a4eu sldaruor

sMoqs aq uaqM ul 4req rals8unod aql mo1 -I€ IIIM qlrelrleru aqJ'asroq qf,?e o1 lroJuror

pue uol]f,alord sproge preq aqJ 'prar{ aq} Jo dlayes aqt ulolar o] snolxue sI pue sJo]epard dq ualea aq IIIM aq pleqe sI aH 'alqeuoJluotrun aJII slq sa>I€ru aqs 'praq aql Jo lno llof, snolalqJ -sIIu aql spuas aleur qf,Jelrl€lu aql ueqM d11ryaread 3u1zer8-aldlseJll Iemleu

srq ol urnlar e pue

lq8g

urorJ lsar qlIM ]nq

off. If you stand back and allow the horse to

think through what

is happening, then as the

adrenaline goes down, the horse will be able to reconsider the situation. Whipping the horse will only conflrm his flrst impression that he has indeed got a predator on his back' In the end, the horse will realize that by repeating a certain unacceptable behavior he is not finding much comfort. He learns very quickly' The horse trained to safely carry a rider is accepting an enormous responsibility' Horse and rider are partners in whatever discipline they enjoy. Partners means 50-50, not 49-51' I have, over the years, designed and adapted tack and equipment that has helped me with

my concepts. I will be sharing with you how I use these designs: the Dually halteq my blanket for protecting horses going through the starting gates, long lines, and others to make life more comfortable for you and your horse' I should add that the most important part of any equipment is the hands that hold it'

Monty's Points

ffi

Make it uncomfortable w hen the horse is negative. ,, Make it comfortable for the horse to do what You want'

>>

> Make fair contracts with Your

horse,

immediatelY to the ', Respond signals the horse gives You.

''

Use the Language of Equus.

, Never lose Your temPer. >r

Be consistent.

Work to achieve a 50*50 Partnership. ,, Use well-designed equiPment, in

>,

good condition.

96

Troining with Choice The late Greg Ward from Tulare, California, was in my opinion one of the greatest horse trainers in our Western disciplines' He died of cancer in Novembet 1998, at 63' He produced

world champions, and many millions of dollars worth of high-quality winning horses in the show ring' Greg and I were university classmates in the L4

late flfties. He came to college a very inexperienced horseman, and I worked with him during his early days as I had a good deal more experience in competition then' Greg was a thoughtful and observant man, possessing an open and inquiring mind. He and I shared much the same philosophy concerning horse

training.

In 1995, I visited his operation, and I was interested to flnd that he and his son, John, had developed the ideas of non-confronta-

tional training. Greg told me that when he arrived at the decision to invite his young equine students to learn through an environment of complete freedom, his success level escalated appreciably. I felt that I had been doing a great service to young horses by releasing them in a round pen, allowing them to follow a path by which they were responsible for their own actions, but controlling their directions within a matter of thirty minutes or so. What I discovered with Greg was that he was taking this concept a great deal further by allowing them twenty days of freedom to make their own choices.

The handlers of these young horses would not pull on the lead rope to get them to go in a particular direction. Instead, they would walk with them, encouraging them to go where

they wanted, but never forcing' Once the horses were saddled, the riders spent an hour

or so in a controlled safe area, but never directed the horses in any way' They would stop and eat, they might paw at the ground or even

Chapter 5 / Forming PartnershiPs

t6 snoJaSuep aJour ou sI aleqJ'IeAI^Jns slq ua -1eeJqtr

elr /afloqJ s,asroq u [ette

3ur4e1 dg

'drqsraulred a,trlonpord pue alqenle^ e p1nq uec nod'uors1:ap lq8rr aql

a{eu o} asroq

e

'sn .r,roqs ppor 3ar5 1snrl nod;r ]eq] ,vrou{ aM se a^IlJaJJa sI lI ,t,t.ou>l a14 'ssarord Sururerl pue 3ur1re1s aq] olul af,Iorlf, Jo eapl aq] papualxa seq a8en8uel s,asJoq aq];o dra,l'orslp ^141 eql 'asroq aql pue d111qe aql 'a3pa1.r'roDl peq aq dlreay3 'aur11 dupnb dp4 r$e1ntr qllrt

luauroru drarra aperu 3ar9 1nq 'dep e asroq auo aql {roM ol alqe dluo s€lt. aH 'JoJ poo}s aq trsel ]eql ile paUIJa^ a;r1 s,3ar3 Jo sqluolu ^\eJ

aqJ

'ssetrf,ns

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qllM

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'a111

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dlxrs PaP eH '866I

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/ I Jaldeq)

-a1a dreurrd aqJ 'ureal o1 asror{ aq} pue qJee} ol raurer] aql 1o d11lqe aql dQ paradural sr ssar

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pue suollsanb asod sa8ualpqr aqJ ']uauuor -rlua aJes e Sulqsqqelsa pue sa8ualleqr lv'au Sutlearc ueamlaq auII euu e s1 3u1urer1

sdrqs.ra

p1

dols

lo

ua^a

-IpI Jnoq A aJa'

{le-\\

euroS, plno-\r

'saulldnsrp Moqs uJalsag ut aladtuor

ol esroq e ro; parrnbar 8u11ooqrs aq] ol SuIr -raJar ure 1 'peoplrolr dg 'peo14ron aq1 uo dn -Sutsea

pue 3u14or1s '3u1qqnr q8norql pJeMar daql'4ro.tt o] uraql lnd ol

a.tprsod ua.t13 ara.,n

se,r,r palldde auqdpslp dpo aqt 'alrle8au aram daqr JI 'sdep dlua,r,tl lsru aql ulqlllr 'IIPS

'repF eql Jo saqslM

8ur4ro,u. s1q lnoq8norql

'ra1e1 sdeP

aqi IUInJ o] pa]laJlp ra^au

aJaM 1nq 'u.r'lop at1

u_\'

l.u

-uoJ sl -,\oJsIP.

uIqlLl! u-\!o

qlEr

ul l learS

raqualda5 alel ul 'sallxrs-prtu aq1 ur dlqsuoldueqr asJotl-Mo) 'rofeu

pa^er qJe se,tr,{:o};t,r

e

]o sJauu!/v\-or

pue 'pulqaq dn.ralq6nep qllm pleM 6el9 z'9 -rslN rq6lN uo,tuol4

s,rt8ery pue Sarg 'papJeMe aJoJaq JaAa

pale

lo ] autnL': -J€ E

ur8retu lsalear8 aqr de Sarg

-P

uorr,t rr8e11 Pue

'u

'cr8eyq uo aladuror 01 alroqf, aqtr apeu eH 'Je]l€I aql asoqf, Sarg 'arp pue tfeytr uo aladruor'Preq

se-\

aslL-l

ue;

{JoM plno) aq ro 'arP pue paq o1 oB 'atuoq oB

E! AJ

plnor aH 'af,IotlJ

-JI1p

e apeu 3ar3 'a,l,r1 o] s{aeM puq dpo aq leq} tulq paluroJul sJo] -rop s,8arg 'urrq uo d1P

-Fa

aql u s?s-

-nln{ }Ifl auJeus aq} UIM

ppol

aq UaJ aH

lI pal

'lfe11

pau€u{flu eq uol plo -read-olrl relnrqred e o] umeJp sem Sarg

_IL-T

+

'uoIlPJ -runururoJ

s1

3u1ulea1

;o ssarord aql uI luaur

concepts "button to ptess" than that one' My

inprovide a path through the natural survival methodola stlncts to communication, trust, nature ogy allowing the understanding of the success' to route a thus of the horse, and

Adrenoline UP, Leorning Down; Adrenoline Down, Leorning UP I use the phrase "adrenaline up, learning down; adrenaline down, learning up" to desctibe, as graphically as possible, the enormous of staying calm to promote learn-

importance ing. It is a huge mistake for

Monty's Points r>

Horses should be given the

freedom of choice. > Training is a fine line between creating new challenges and establishing a safe environment' process >, The primary element in the of learning is communication' n Horses thrive in cooPerative

environments-

trainer to will panic or become angry' These conditions not promote communication or learning' a horse

Probably the greatest learning tool is a calm flight anistate when it comes to educating the mal. If a horse senses fear, panic or anger' any will take much longer and will likely end task

in failure. Adrenaline is a secretion from the adrenal gland that increases the heart rate' Its primary is to stimulate a response that will prepare use

in the animal or human to fight or flee' It is fear for the very nature of humans and horses to increase adrenaline levels' As the predator its stalks its victim and gets ready to pounce' dethe meet to adrenaline will begin to rise mands of the imminent attack' Adrenaline will raise the heart rate, providing the muscles with an increased supply of oxygen' Horses, and most flight animals, have an interesting response to adrenaline' As it enters the system, alerted by signs and signals' the spleen responds by releasing extra hemoglobin (ied blood cells) into the blood' This provides the horse with a greater capacity to carry oxygen, giving the horse the best chance possible to escape a predator. This increases the viscos-

ity of the blood, and has the potential to cause the unfit horse to rupture the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the lung sacks' Man does not have this response, and dogs only very slightly increase their red blood cell count at the onset of adrenaline' When a tacehorse, for example' is led onto or training ground, he is likely to get a track

extremely agitated, often bucking' twisting'

98

Chapter 5 / Forming PartnershiPs

66

aql uo saleS Suluels aq]

q

]InluJrp aru leql

sasroq qlr/\/\ {roM ol aqolS aql aIJJIJ I sv

'aleIJd -oJdde dra.r. s1 Ieurrou sr Ia^aI aurpuarpe Jnod plun ssarord aq] Sqddols;o aldnurrd slq lnq 'depo1 uopepuaruruoJar leql a{eu }ou plnom a8po6 'rll{ arns ur€ I 'q}1eaq s/auo o} snolrnl -ur aq o1 'uaq] aJuls 'ua.tord uaaq aleq senar -eBI3r 'parer13e Suraq lnoqlrm asror{ aqt q}IM {JoM o} anur}uof, plnol pue arnsoduroc rnod paup8ar a^eq plnom nod aurr] ]eq] dq pue 'a11are31r e a{ours ol salnuru xrs Jo aAU }sual le sa>Iel lI 1eq1 des plnom ag 'agare8p e a>Iorus pue luapnls aurnba Jlaql Jo luoq ul punor8 aql uo pa33a1-sson 11s 'asroq rlaql go la8 o1 'ur Surdaarc ra8ue ]IeJ puu sarlprgglp 3u1 -rreq ara/\. daq] uaqM sluepnls slq ashpe plnoM uoc 'punos se,ra. aslruard aq1 talaa,roq '1re; u1 depol puaruruof,al plnom auo ou 1eq1 Suqr -auros stuapnts slq ile1 ol pasn a8poq '44tr leql Ilelar I 'saurldnsrp dueur ur Suplrom s6761

aqt q8norql s0t6l aq] ruo4 ssarrns aruar] -xa pa^arr{f,e pue ueruMoqs eleuunsuof, aql sem aH 'eIuJoJIIeJ 'oluaruerle5 reau paarl 'dn Suu,Lor8 sem I alrqm'e8poq

uoq 'pauJaJuof,

sr

:olepard

sd1qs.rau1.re.; 6ur u.ro1 7 9

e dq

paualq8lq

sI aq

reldeq3

apqn Surqlotr

ureel ue) asroq € plroM Iernleu aq]

q lel{l

ueau lou op 1 'dlasra,ruo3 '3u1urea1 'arup uI luauoru leql le 'sr 1azra1 aulleuaJpe ,lrol 3 tflllr. asroq Suldaals eql ]eq] uearu lou op I 'umop sr '3ururea1 ro; ye;1ua1od aql aJueq 'luatuuoJt.rua Surure4 aq1 'dn sr aurleuaJpe ueqm teql uearu 'spoqlaru dru ro; 'des ol U aJUJnS 'snoryue pup palJreq pesoddo X

se

o1

pernseau pue rulpf, aq

lsnru ool aq-3urpue1 pue JJo-a{ul leurrldo ron eplrls slq arnsearu ol ,r,roq uJeal lsnru radurnf Moqs aqJ'uorqseJ f,rsurJlur 'ru1el e u1 q8norql 1l {ulq} uer aq }eq} Iequassa sI U ',r,ror e urn+ o] dols Surpqs ]saq aql roJ leal sq a:e1d 01 r'tor{ uJeal o] asJoq uJalsaM aq] roC 'ssarord Sulqul aql ur Ierluessa raplsuotr uauasJoq leql sSuI$ asoq] Surureel Jo eare aql ur e^rlJeJJa lou sl uouauouaqd slqJ'dn aulpuarpe slq qll\r Surureal sr asJoq aq1 '1re; u1 'uaql '3u1urea1 s€

slql raprsuoJ ol ale,lr nod;1 'saruelsrunJJrJ

snora8uep rellruls pIoA€ o] Jalel asn JoJ uleJq aql uI luaql alols pue sluappul Jrleurnerl Jo sa8eurr ralsr8ar,{eur asroq aq} 'trulod slq} }V 'paJnpal s1 3u1urea1 ro; dlpeder srq 'apou lqBU aql sralue aq teql ]uelxa aq] ot paztr -erune4 sr asJoq e uaqM 1eq1 s1 ,,dn Surureal

Jo sla^al eql aqrrf,sap o] asn I ruJal aqJ

aql saop uoplas 'asrJ o] aurleuerpe rnod u.o11e lou oq 'sldaruo: dru asn nod;r sa>1e1srur srq

q8ql 'daa1s ro eruof, e ueeru plnor aurleuarpe 'd1p:ruqlaJ'IefrurlJ ]ou sr aurlpuaJpe

sa,r1a:rad eq esneJaq dlqeqord s1 11 'dea,r anp -e3au e uI slJ€eJ asJoq aql JI 'tuJeq uearu esJoq

'u,uop aurpualpe lul.op Surureal 'dn augleu -arp€,, luarualels slq] dq Suilydrur rue I letl\t 'crued;o saruaJlxa ol JaJaJ plnof, aurleuarpe

drqsueurasroq aJaqM arurl Jno Jo sJalseu aql Jo auo paraprsuof, I luoq/\/!. ueru e qll1vl uo1v\ o] eunuoJ poo8 aq1 peq 1 taerer dur ur dlreg '8urua1uarql aq o] uorl€nlrs aql

,'-o1

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'saop asroq

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ruoq ureal IIIM esroq aqJ 'uorlenlls 3u1urea1 e olur luaprsur ro a{e}sru aql uJnl uuc nod uaql pue 'ru1el dels sr op ol aleq nod

11e

aql t?qM Jalleu o51 dr8ue la8

o1 d1a411 ssal

aq IIIM nod 'a1lus nod;r asneraq 'a1nug 'alrurs 1sn[ '3uor,rn Sulqlaruos saop asroq ? uaqM

o1

pa8qqo ale a,t,r'1r,r,rou4 a,tr se plrom aql ul

sdgqv;

'3 raB

oluo lunoJ -i [rPI

-nx asn?f -soJsl elqrs

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aql sralua uE salf,mt au -ap

sll .a role real

.r

uI

s

aredar

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pua ri

due'r; -lue lq

uSrs

sr purqaq UaI asroq duy :aq1a3o1 aag o1 dpear 1u are daq] ]eql os praq e q8norql paprrusueq dyluelsul sr Jeac dqreau ra8uep sr araq] ]et1l s,lrou>I aq 'asroq Jaqloue ur ro taypueq srq ur aurleuaJp€ Sursrr aql sasues asJoq e uaqM

'sasrol{ Jno

ur pue sallasJno u1 alqlssod se la^al aurpuaJpe ue ,rrol se qlrM ssacord Ieuouetrnpa aql alnJaxa 'asJor{ aql Sururerl ur InJssarJns aq o} aJe al,r JI

tqP: '3

IIIrr sr. ol ra -LueaI

snouuo -ap 3

'oB o1 dpear 'd1era1r-1 alrnb 'sr aH 'poolq aqt ul auleualpp Jo dlddns pasealf,ur arll Jo llnsar paJlp e sl slqJ 'alpueq o] UnJUJIp Sururoraq puu punore Surprq,rr

racetracks of the world, I constantly observe the value of remaining calm. The natural in-

stinct of the flight animal is to synchronize

with the animals nearby. I need to be ever mindful of this phenomenon to cause my equine students to relax and remain in a learning mode. I can always control my pulse rate' Even if I am in a situation where I have to move quickly, I can still bring my heart rate down' The horse will perceive that there is no reason to be afraid. The message I convey is that this is not a survival situation, but a learning one' I fi.rst became acquainted with the principles of pulse rate and adrenaline control when I was 13 years of age' I was in the eighth grade and my teacher, Sister Agnes Patricia,

Monty's Points > Adrenaline down, learning uP.

* Adrenaline uP,learning down. hemoglobin. > Flight animals sychronize:so that the herd is readY to flee together. > Adrenaline increases

,' When you thinkyour horse does som€thing wrong, iust smile. >r Take a break if You feel anger or fear coming on. * Learn to control your pulse rate.

T

F

was not only interested in my work, but was

trr

an accomplished student of biology. She told me that there was great value in learning to

{i{

n{[

breathe properly when attempting to relax, lower your pulse rate and reduce adrenaline levels. Sister Agnes Patricia encouraged me to study these techniques with a singing instructor by the name of SisterJulie' I was at once fascinated by what I could accomplish through

uld

ffi

t[

mt

du

fr

appropriate breathing. It is necessary to lower the diaphragm on inspiration, allowing it to lift on expiration. I will not go further with this here, but suggest to you that one can find help with singing, acting and public-speaking teachers in this area. The knowledge of this phenomenon and the ability to execute it appropriately has played a major role in my career

mt

tfr

d

d

d

id

m

with horses.

i([l

&I

ffir

h

ff

&

&

100

Chapter5 / Forming PartnershiPs

tor pue /aurldlrsp leq^{ rauelu ou 'dIqM e IIPS sl

dlq,l aql ]eq] pulur u1 Surreaq lI peal eseald epnllq 01 pappap a^eq pue pp

'>Iooq slql uI 1l

'dr1snpu1 Suner aql u1 dqm eql Jo esn aq] 1 uo dessa ue aIIJM ol pa>Is€ se,r,t 1 'd11ua:ag 'luarudrnba Jo ef,Ioql Suorm aql dp1el -rar s1 drq,r,r. aql tage lq8nos sr uolleradoor;t lnq 'ma!r dur a8ueqr ol a^€q plnom 1 asoddns 1 uaql'asroq € uI luauluasal a]€arr o1 sr leo8 rno JI

'Ioo1 alrlf,eJJaul tsour aql dlqeqord

s1

d1q.r't

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'Suor,u oB o1 asroq e asneJ o1 d1a411 suorpe asoql dpnls o1 roaeapra

'aldoad dq de'ra 1eq IIIM raulerl 8up,rou4 aq1 'p€q uroq aperu uaaq seq aq 'peq sI asroq e JI aq louu€J dldrurs 'lerutue ]q3$ aql 'snnb1 'sasroq p€q ou dru ut 'are araql 'uorutdo 'puuq dq Supaa; Pue

'8ura8uo1 auq-a13u1s 'drqm aql 1o asn-s1dar -uor dru lsure8u sJoJJa palllluruoJ uago lsou aq] Jo earql qll^{ Ieap IIIM {ooq slq} Jo raldeq: srqJ 'saullnor Sulurer] rnod ruor; eleu.nr4la

nod leql lsaSSns u palealr a^uq I

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lsure8e pue 'a1qeldalf,eun raplsuor I leql samp -arord Surulerl aq1 dlpuapl o1 1ryd1aq aq ilLu lI a^alleq I 'IeuoolpeJ] paJeplsuof, sl ]eq^t ruoq dre,r sldaruo: dru qcnru r',roq lsnl Jo eapl uP nod a.tr8 o1 lnq 'aruelq;o ra8ug e lurod ol lou 'alqeuorlsanb puu I l€q] sanbluqcal 3u14eu o1 aru roJ alelrdordde osp sl ]I {uryt

l+puapt

I ]nfl 'puPlslapun ol lue/\,l IIIM {ro'ra"{tu;o

luapnls draaa ]eql sarrlrerd lno-tq8noql-ilag 'llaJu€aq aJ€ asaqJ'alqeldarre aq ol Japlsuor I leql {ooq slql u1 sldaruol duetu aroldxa

1

alqDuollsanb puIJ I sanbluqJal

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dtqm aqt

uoplpDrI

lD {oof v g

raldaq)

still a horse, no matter what his You should realize that when lifestyle. breed or I speak to the issue of the whip, I am dealing with the use of it where the intention is to strike the horse causing him pain. I understand that there are disciplines where the whip can be used strictly as an instrument of communication. Dressage is a discipline where the whip is often used only with a touch to convey a message. Certain competition driving is conducted in a fashion where the whip is an effective method of communication. Please assimilate the information I am offering with the understanding that my obiections refer solely that

a horse is

to the whip's use to inflict pain.

The Whip in Racing To do a dissertation on the whip in racing, I feel the first thing a horseman should say is,

"It does not matter whether it's racing or any other discipline, the whip is the whip." Equus, the flight animal, is about 50 milIion years old. Ifyou accept the discoveryby Dr. Louis Leakey of Lucy in the Olduvai Gorge, then humans are approximately 3.2 million years old. We must conclude then that horses got along just fine without human beings for 47 million years. We are quick, however, to use the term "problem horse," a quite pompous statement from a species so junior. A scientific fact is that horses are flight animals and, as the reader knows, they only have two goals in life (survival and reproduction). Horses do not often think strongly about reproduction during a race, which leaves us with only one facet of a horse's existence, his goal to survive. Consider for a moment that we are human beings dealing with horses under circumstances extremely demanding and frightening to them. Knowing that they are vitally concerned with their own survival, we often conclude that the best course of action is to whip them and cause them pain in the hopes that it will get them to run faster. 102

" My

greatest accompl:ishmerrt

was leflming to'be gewtle;

withaut tttut I feel I would hsve 'achieved nothing."

.=Mon* Roberts I submit that this is not only a bad decision from a humane standpoint, but a worse decision where its effect is concerned. Horses are "into-pain" animals. Their natural tendency is to push into pressure, like a child does biting on hard bread when cutting teeth. We may frighten a horse the first few times we whip him in a race, but very soon he may resent the whip and back-up to it, actually causing him to run more slowly. You so often hear the statement, "We need the whips for safety's sake," but, in fact, nothing could be further from the truth, because far more accidents are caused by whips than are ever averted by whips. In fact, if a jockey felt the need for a whip to guide the horse, why not use a spongy, nerf whip so that no pain could be produced? In a recent conversation with Trevor Denman (a race announcer at the Santa Anita race track), he said to me that he felt it would be a good idea if every time there was a disqualification, the newspaper should read that, "the horse ducked from the whip and interfered with the progress of another horse and was thus disqualified." Trevor suggested that an extremely high percentage of disqualifications were caused by using the whip. Further, he said that if the bettors could understand that, they would be less apt to insist that jockeys use the

whips to verify that they are trying. Aside from whether it is effective or not, let us examine for a moment how we stand with

Chapter 6 / A Look at Tradition

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Single-Line Longeing Single-line longeing is a practice inherently bad for your horse. By single-line longeing, I mean the method of longeing using a single line attached to the head of your horse' Sometimes, horsemen attach it to a longeing cavesson, which is a contraption reinforced with metal around the nose area, and three rings on which to attach the longeing line' The line is often attached to the top ring on the cavesson, and the horse is sent away from the handler to travel in circles at the walk, trot or canter. The horse cannot possibly balance himself with the unilateral (one-sided) action of the weight of the line, let alone with the

weight of the person pulling on it' If a horse is subjected to this treatment for an extended period, he will probably modify his gait to compensate for the unilateral pressure' Head carriage will almost certainly be negatively affected. A horse who has been subiected to longeing like this will usually negotiate the circle with his head held outward to his body axis. Most horsemen agree that it is desirable for the ridden horse to negotiate a circle with his head slightly lnward of his body axis, and for his neck and poll to be relaxed, allowing for the inside hand of the rider to direct the horse's head slightly inward of the circumference of the circle. This gives the appearance of being more cooperative, and will enhance the rider's ability to control the horse's direction' When the horse's head is carried outward of the circumference of the circle, it not only gives the impression of rigidity but makes it more difficutt to direct the horse with a soft feeling. The single-line longed horse will change his natural head carriage by curving his spine slightly in a counter arc to the circle's circumference. Good horsemen agree that the spine of your horse should approximate the circumference of the circle you are creating' Experts will verify that this aids the horse to

104

6.r Single-line longeing puts a horse off-balance, with his spine in a counter arc' use his muscle structure

in

a harmonious fash-

his skeleton. The horse that is travel-

ion with ing with a counter curve to his spinal column is working "muscles against skeleton" in an unnatural waY. In recent years, I have been asked to work

with equine chiropractors concerned with Thoroughbred racing and cutting horse competitions. They expressed strong agreement with my concepts, and told me that they often work with horses expressing maladies resulting from these and similar actions. Single-line longeing also affects the pelvic girdle and hindquarters. When a single line is attached to the horse's head, and he is asked to canter on the end of that line, centrifugal force will dictate that he moves with an outward pressure on the line. The handler holds the Chapter 6 / A Look at Tradition

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longeing with a single line would use a bit and bridle, place a surcingle on a horse, use side reins with elastic, he would have the opportunity to encourage the horse to move in a much more syrnmetrical fashion than without the side reins. Ideally, I feel that the use of two lines, one on each side, would be far more appropriate. With your hands directing both sides of the horse's head, you can encourage symmetrical travel. I recommend a driving surcingle with guide-rings about where the rider's knees would be, or use the stirrups fixed with a leather to hold them next to the animal's sides (see "Long Lining i' p. 54). During my sixty-year career in the show

ring, I watched and studied many outstanding trainers. One of the greatest horsemen I knew wasJimmy Williams. Throughout the latter part of Mr. Williams' career, he was the trainer at Flintridge Riding Academy in Southern California. One of the many things that I learned from him was the use of an innovative longeing surcingle. Jimmy felt that it was important to create a surcingle that had a metal semicircle attached to it which was elevated about a foot over the horse's withers. It had a series of rings attached to the upper side of it through which you could pass two long lines. Mr. Williams believed that this placement most closely approximated the position of the reins as if they were

in the hands of

4X,W fl.d

lri ),Ji,fL= '

tff, :, Iju .l,J'l

!\ I

6.3 The long lines are balanced, and the horse is moving as he would naturally.

a rider. JimmY

Williams could absolutely "PlaY a tune" with a horse with this equipment in place. He was a genius with long lines attached in this fashion and could stand in the middle of an open area and put a horse through paces as bril-

liantly

as

I've ever seen. I ob-

served him schooling horses to execute flying changes using this

equipment. Stopping, backing-

106

6.4 The f immy Williams longeing surcingle.

Chapter 6 / A Look at Tradition

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back on him today, it is likely the owner has this poor horse biting again' While in Vancouver, B.C', in 1999, I met a

lady who owned a horse she had lent to a local television station to be a companion for me at an interview. He was an "alligatorl" He came up to me with every intention of biting me at a rate of about twenty bites a

minute' "Wow!"

I said. "What has been going on with this horse?" Nobody uttered a word' I began to school the horse in the fashion that I recommend. After a couple of minutes a young lady who was a groom at the boarding stable spoke up, "Tell Mr. Roberts what you do with Freddie. Tell him about your bag of

mints." With that a lady in her sixties

from the hand. If you have treats, put them in his feed tub and let him find them' If, for whatto ever reason, your horse bites you or attempts hit bite, do not hit him on the nose' When you the biting horse on the nose, several undesirand able things occur. The horse will often bite remember then, with your skin in his mouth, jerk that he is probably going to get hit for it, back quickly, and cause you more pain' An additional negative result is that the horse

"No blade of grass has ever rw from ahorse."

stepped from the back of the grouP

with a beet-red face. "Oh, I know," she said. "He is such a

brat, but I love him and I want him to recognize me when I arrive at the stable." The young lady spoke up again, "He recognizes you all right and you have seen the doctor three times already for the bites he has given You."

I continued to school Freddie, and as I did I admonished all the onlookers that when people feed horses from their hands they open the door for the behavior that I was experiencing. Within about ten minutes, Freddie was no longer a threat to me and we did the interview

without serious incident. There are professionals who use food to train their horses. This activity has been going on for hundreds of years and it is quite amazing to me that a knowledgeable professional will do this. I do not use food as a reward and it is a practice I would not teach my students'

I feel certain that professionals trained in this

108

art can accomplish their work without the side effects that the untrained person experiences' Unless you are a professional who is trained to do this, do not train horses by feeding them

--MontY Roberts

becomes head-shY. He resents the treatment, and it is

rarely successful in stopping the habit, an)'way. The action I recommend You take is to watch closelY,

and when Your horse reaches to bite you, swing your leg and bump him on the shin with your boot' If you are standing next to his shouldeq you can step on his coronary band with the heel of your

boot and let it slide down his hoof' I am not recommending that you look down at his leg and violently kick him in the shin' What I am suggesting is that you continue to look wherever you were originally looking and swing your leg, as if by accident, bumping him on the shin. This is not meant to produce great pain and you will never iniure a horse correcting in this fashion, but the result will be that after about six to eight repetitions, your horse will reach to bite you and then look down at

his shin. What you have effectively done is to habituate to the extent that the horse connects the act of biting with another part of his anatomy. It is verY effective' Chapter 6 / A Look at Tradition

60t

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9

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Chapter 7

TheWonders of the

Dudt@

How To Use the DuqllY Holter For best results, I recommend that your horse be well joined-up before you start any work with the Dually halter. It may require two or three sessions of Join-Up to achieve full co-

operation. Work with the Dually halter should proceed on good footing in a safely fenced enclosure. The footing should be a loose, friable cushion of at least an inch and a half and the surface should be gritty with good traction. There are some rules that must be observed: Never tie your horse using either of the schooling rings. >> Nevet leave your horse unattended while he is wearing the DuallY. >> Never leave your horse in a box stall or in a pasture with the Dually halter on because the schooling rings could become

>>

entangled. The Dually halter does not have a breaking point and this is intentional. It was done to discourage the user from leaving the horse unattended while he is wearing it. >> Never do anything that could restrict the horse's air intake.

>>

110

Fitting The Dually halter should be fitted so that it is comfortable in all areas of the head and throat-

latch. It should be fairly snug, but not tight. The nose-schooling rope attachment should rest on the bony bridge of the nose, not so low as to compress the airways. It has three separate adjustment buckles. The crownpiece buckle adiusts the total length of the halter. The buckle on the upper nosepiece should adiust the size of the halter on the circumference of the horse's head immediately below the prominent cheekbones. And the buckle under the chin increases your adjustment capabilities at the level of the nose-schooling rope. You should use all of these buckles to achieve a comfortable position. The ring at the bottom of the halter under your horse's chin is for tying, and for leading the horse when not actually schooling him.

Schooling When schooling with the Dually, you should use a longer than normal lead rope of at least 20 feet (approx. 7 meters) to enable you to operate at a safe distance from the horse. I prefer to work with the Dually in a round pen of approximately 50 feet (16 meters) in

ttt '{11enq oql qllm 6ug;ooq>s rol peol aq} lo luauare;d pue pueqosou aqt lo lll parro)

z'l

.ra11eg

{1|enq oq} Jo srepuoM aql

1

2 n1deq1

slql ]darre III^{ aq pue rorra slq se }I pre8ar uaql IIIM ag '11nd nod aro;aq dlpnq aq] olul

pl

ppoqs no^

ls

drunq o1 asroq aq] MoIIe o] ]seq sl lI 'pJeMroJ r€J oo] sr asroq eqt uaqM pre,r,t4teq f,u111nd pue peal aql Sulddrr8 dq rappoqs rnod 1e asou slq qll1v\

{le^\ o} asroq 'a9ad

aq1 aSerno:ua

#au uo 9'/.-t'/, samS!

aag

'ralpueq aql ruo4 uoJJa al]]I dra,L qllM pue dlSul '{su 1l,ra. paqsqdruof,le aq ppoqs slqJ nod uaq,r,r dn-4req ppoqs asroq JnoA 'g 'peal eql 8u1ualq8p 1no -qll1v\ Ueq d13u111.r,r pForls asroq rnod 'dpappns dols ol asooqr nod ppoq5 'p 's8a1 ro 1aa; rnod sra8uepue aq leql asolJ os {Ie,vr lou plnoqs pue tappoqs ro

ppaq slq q11u. nod drunq 1ou ppoqs aH 'areds rnod lradsar ppoqs asroq rno 't 'Japlnoqs rnod ruau asou s1q 'nod qlrm {lem ol aar8e plnoqs esroq JnoA 'Z

'la^al aurlpuaJpp Mol e qll^{ suollf,aJlp rnod o}

puodsar pue urlef, aq plnoqs asroq Jno 'I :sltto' slalputtH aql

'esJoq aql ol rellPq Illenq

lrl ol r(eA paJJo) aq1

aq1

rilu(

:e ?r{1. -O-t'j

-P r-l"l_rl

pl -1,

-lEO

sil

'elqelroJruoJ aunb 3ur

r'l

-ruof,eq pue 'Sulpuedxa dq prerr,rar alelpauul dlpnq aql 'saleradootr aq uaqm puu 'a1qe

sa.l.r8

-uoJruof, ssal pup rallerus saulof,aq 1r 'd1png aql slsrser asroq rnod uaq6 'relleq,{1pnq aqt ol lou esroq aql Iooqls dllerrsurrlur o1 se

]srsar

os saf,uelsrunJrrJ eleeJJ ol {JoM plnoqs no^ 'asroq dur uror; asuodsal paJueleq p alelqf,e Sup apIsJJo aq] uorJ Iooqf,s o1 a8ueqr uaql ro;3up aplsreeu eq] qll,vr looqJs uelJo o1

'eru11 e

I 'arul] p ]e auo dluo asn ol luelrodurl q ]l lnq 'asn nod Surr q:rq,r,t

lplplrr

1ou

s1 11

'(ador

esou aql o] paqre]1e asoq]) s8urr 3u11ooqrs aql Jo euo olul peal aq1 deus plnoqs no1 'eare Sururerl rnod Surpunouns (sralau 7 'xofide) q8rq laag 9 upq] erour alueJ rala

-urrrad

eJes e

aleq ol elqesl^pp

sI

lI

'ralaruelp

always

self-administered discipline' You should other putt theDually halter, not ierk it' On the suffiforward iand, if your horse fails to walk forciently, itren grip the lead and walk briskly his posiward directing the horse to advance shoulder' your to close so his nose comes

tion

You should move about the round Pen the quickly once the horse has his nose in walk to is step next The position.

itop",

handler's correct position is at the horse's head and at all times parallel'

7.3 The

time

a

Ltittty, then stop abruptly' Most of the instead of horse will go forward for a few steps should stopping with you. Your leading hand back horse the school flrmly griiin" fitt" and into the desired Position'

The next step is to walk straight forward with his again, expecting the horse to follow fail to do so' ,t"or" u, your shoulder' Should he the Dually' shrinks the lead rope squeezes and podrawing the horse forward into the desired

unsition again' This activity should continue til you can walk briskly an)'where you choose' nose stop at will, and restart with the horse's remaining at You shoulder' Having accomplished the procedures deto add scribed above, you are now prepared effective it find I the back-up to the scenario' the to walk quickly and halt abruptly' facing

7.4 Correct

"halt" position of both horse and

handler.

d{lt

point' I same direction as my horse' At this horse's the to close back myself up passing

il ;

tightening across 7.6 The Dually in action, position while schooling 7.5 Correct "backing" with the DuallY.

1't2

the nose. Note thatthe lead is snapped into the "training" ring'

Halter Chapter 7 I TheWonders of the Dually

Ett 'suorlrP a^lllsod Jol pJe/lrer e

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oql orl

ralf eH

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asroq e a^eq ppoqs 1 'd1a,trpa;;a sarnparord asaql paqslldruorre ezreq 1 'lurod slql 1e tI

',{11en6 eql pue relpueq aql uaarurleq edo.r lo q16ua; eql 6ulmoLls 'rvregn a{a-s,p.r1g 6'l

falleq aql pue pueq aql ueaMlaq auq ppel Jo (ralaru 1 'xordde) teal t o] Z qtllv' paqsqdruor -le eq plnoqs sluerua^oru asaqJ 'Jalleq aq] uo arnssard roJ paau aq] ]noqlrm sasuods -ar srq ra33rr1 o1 suorloru dpoq dtu rourur 01 rulq luem I 'aurru qlrm uorlou srq Surzruo;q: -uds sluaruaaou asaql atrnlaxa

ppoqs esroq aqJ 'peal aql uo uorsua] Surrrnbar lnoqlrM eur

qll^{ dn-{Jeq 111,u. asroq du 11 -un slql op 1 'ssa:ord aq1 leadar pue 'sdals 0Z ol gI ro; dplsrrq preMJoJ 41e.r,r ureSe I 'aulu qlrM uoslun ur sdals preM{leq t ro t qlrM asJoq eql Iooqls pue ador peal aql drr8 1 '3a1 luo4 s,asror{ aql qfPal I uaqM'Japlnoqs 'as.roq.rno{;o uot}e)npa aql u! sJolnaueut

guel;odul lsou aql lo auo

s!

I)eq 6u;;ooqr5 g.l

,,'l)eq lootl)s,, ol Jalpupq eq1 sa.rlnba.r olu! pa^oul spq asrotl aq1l.l

1eq1 uogllsod e

t:

:l'

The post Join-Up work

with the Dually hal-

ter should proceed until you achieve strong you signs of willingness and relaxation' Then' The goals' other can move on to accomplish Dually halter will help a horse load into a trailer, walk into a starting gate (startlng stalls)' walk through water, stand for mounting or any

other handling problems' It should be noted that the Dually is very effective for schooling veterina horse to stand for the farrier or the long for tool effective an is arian.The Dually the with riding even lining using both rings, or a reins attached to the training rings, creating type of side pull' It is also an extremely good toot fo, schooling horses to be shown in hand' While there are many more uses too numerous to list here, the Dually will help you in nearly

all areas of forming

a

partnership with your

horse. Overcoming phobias is easily accomplished when your horse is flrmly in the learning mode. Remember, adrenaline level up' Iearning down; adrenaline level down, learning up. There is another step that I use when preparing a horse to load into a trailer or enter a starting gate. Immediately after the back-up' the I will rush forward to separate myself from meters)' 5 to 3 (approx' horse by 10 to 15 feet I then turn to face the horse, and make firm

contact $/ith the halter by pulling the lead' It is my goal to have the horse willingly advance until his nose is near my chest' I then reward him, rubbing him for 20 to 30 seconds between the eyes. As I pull him forward, I am careful not to look him in the eye, but observe him with peripheral vision, while looking in the direction of his knees. It is important to accomplish this procedure allowing the horse to travel the 10 to 15 feet toward me without being pulled'

If the horse resists the halter while you are some distance in front of him, it is best to maintain pressure' Move slightly on an angle right or left so that the horse is pulled to one the side or the other. When your horse releases

'1"14

slack tension and comes forward, only take the your Should he gives you; do not keep pulling' you horse travel only a part of the distance, should back up to reestablish the tension and

willrepeat the procedure. When your horse a give chest, ingly travels all the way to your

reward of rubbing. While executing any of these procedures' it rope is critical to release all tension on the lead fail you If if your horse rears or flies backward' to do so, your horse could fall and sustain injury. If you are not confident that you clearly

you understand when to release the tension, professional' should enlist the assistance of a This person should be experienced in the schooling of horses for ground manners' If he is competent, you will soon cause him to understand this Procedure. There is a use for the Dually halter that is clearly separate from the preceding explanation. You can also use it effectively as a bitless bridle. That is, you can ride a horse with the reins connected to each of the training rings' This bitless bridle is very effective when there

is a practical reason not to ride the horse with pull (see a bit. It then approximates a side

"Mouthing," p. 33). It should be noted that this procedure can also be used for dual long lining. The lines can be fastened to each of the schooling rings, then passed through the stirrups as you would long line normally' Simply use the Dually halter as a side pull or bitless bridle from the ground. In all procedures concerning the Dually' it is

important to remember to work without an-

ger or violence. Losing one's temper can cause inlury to horse and human' Stay calm, and be are safe. If you believe that you and your horse

not entirely safe, you should stop, get information and proceed only when you are comforttool' able. The Dually halter can be a wondrous

good as the hands that hold it' I recommend that students work with sevusing eral calm, non-remedial horses when flrst

but it is only

as

Chapter 7 I TheWonders of the Dually Halter

9tt aleld puu ]ua8llp aq ppoqs nod'aIJIqaa rnod Jo uorlf,alas aql uI 'alrlqa^ alq€ldaJlP ue epIA -ord o] aref, lear8 a4e1 plnoqs nod 'lou Jo UnlU -JIp aq ol pauaap asroq due 3upeo1 aroJag

'arrlrerd q8norql parlnbre aq dluo uer sasuodsal alrsnru Jo las peur€J1 e

qll.lr paldnoc dlpnq aql Jo asn aql 'tplUJIp

aq ol ;o Sulpuelsrapun alaldruol V lde are l€qt sasJoq qlyur Suqeap aroJaq dlpnq

aq1 asn d1a;es o] lv\oq 3u1urea1 ;o aruelrodufl aqt aI]]IIaq lou ppoqs notr dlenq aql Jo esn aql q sIIDIs rnod auoq o1 dlgsea alpueq oqM sasroq aTlua8 asn nod ]eqtr pueuluof,ar I 'dn->1req ol luelJnlar sr leql esroq aq] ueql dfullyvr peol ol d1a>111 arour sI prPMroJ saurol pue dn-s4req d1Sury1.r,t leql asJoq aq] 'rala -rvroq ']uelrodrul aroy,1 'JapISuoJ osle lsnul auo ropeJ e sI ]eql pue psolun 01 asroq aql {leq o} peau aql sr ereql uauo 'aslrrexa slql ur luelrod -urr dlaruarlxa aq ol a.lord d1a1eup1n pu. dn -3up1ceq 1nq 'asroq € peol ol 3urlue,r,t ralpueq e o] lueuodrul uaas lou deru 1y 'dn->1req d13ur -IIIM ol asJoq aqt Surlooqrs;o ra,r,rod aql aleru -rlserapun lou oCI dlenq aq] 3u1sn dq asroq rnod q1r,r,r uorleradoor Surdola.tap uo alerluaf -uoJ ol luelrodur sr 1r '1sr1g 'llolaq paqplsap

sarnpa:ord aql alnraxa o1 Surldrualle aroJaq uorlras Sulparard aq] puelsrapun dpeayr pue peal plnoqs no1 'Jalleq dlenq aq] Jo asn aq] o] sr asJoq rnod 3u1peo1 'a1er aslnd JaMol e q1r,r,r ssarord

.ra1|eg ,(;1en6 eql

lo srapuoM aql / 2 nldeqa

'oapr^ rallpq ;(||eng aql {pnls { 'l! plotl leql spuPq aql {luo s! {llEnc aul < ss poo6 sp

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'urlP) asroq Jno{ daal pue '{1a;nb uo/r^ sa; n paro;d

o"ou

"

*

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'lPlluassa s; 6u;1oo1

poo6 q1;m ea.re 6u11.ro^ eles v ( 'alelul Jre s/asJoq eql alnpal ol uOSeaJ P Janou s! aJaql ( '{11en6 aql 6u!Jea/v\ s,eq alrq,tr papualleun atJot{ Jno{ aleal lelaN ( 's6ul.t 6u;looqrs eql 6ulsn asloq lno{ all JanaN ( 'ado.r pea16uol-e.l1xe ue asn <

'{pado.rd

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s!

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Surpeol-uou aq] sdeqrad leq] IaaJ I 'asroq 3u1peo1-uou aql JoJ dn-u1o[ puaruluorar I '1earu

1

rualqord drala dlengl^ qllM se lsnf

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'asro11 JnoA

Ourpuol

'1oo1

pydlaq dra.,l e st oap4 aql'esn sll

u1:

rggrads oeprl Ieuoqurnpa ue dq palueduo:ru

pup sn dq pala>1reru sI relleq d1en6 aq1 'snora8uep

s

ol ppualod eql a^eq leql sesroq ol Sunue-r -pe aloJaq sasJoq IelpaluaJ-uou pue pallle-tr. Japlo gI Jo runrururur e qllll SuplJorur 1sa33ns 1 'Iool slq] Jo esn aql Jo lualxa ilry aql puelsraF -un nod ]eq] 1aa; nod uaq.,r,l dpo suralqord a-req oqm sasroq qllm paalord 'ratleq dlenq aqr

safety as a pdority. The horse's comfort should be the second consideration. A horse that is uncomfortable will often act out eventually

and jeopardize his safetY. I believe that it is critical to provide a trailer with substantial length, width, and height appropriate for the size of your animal' While I recommend more than the minimum, there should be at least three inches total of free space in every direction from the horse's body'

In other words, if the horse's chest is touching the bar or manger in front of him, there should be six inches of free space behind him' If your horse is standing in the center of the area provided, there should be three inches of clearance in every direction. This is a rule of thumb, but it should be considered the minimum

requirement. I am a believer in transporting horses at a 4S-degree angle to the roadway. The anatomy of the horse is much better suited to this form of travel than when his long axis is parallel to the roadwaY. Transport equipment should always be in good repair. Surfaces to be trod on should be of a non-skid material' Make sure you have proper ventilation. The vehicle pulling the trailer should be appropriate for the task, and brakes should be sufficient to stop the entire rig without undue difficulty. There are vehicle regulations in place in most states and countries that need to be carefully observed. A horse should be transported with wellconstructed protective shipping boots that fit properly without reducing the circulation of the lower leg. I recommend a poll protector attached to the crown of the halter to reduce the potential for iniury. I also like to tie the horse

where the horse can be unloaded on safe footing, offered some water, and a little exercise' Wherever possible, provide the horse with water brought from home. The use of flavored electrolytes while still at home will accustom

particular taste, allowing you to make acceptable water from another area by adding the same taste. I am a firm believer in partial partitions in

your horse to

a

the trailer. There should be a minimum of 30 inches (approx. 76 cm) free space between the bottom of the partition and the floor of the trailer. The iniuries that occur to horses because of the absence of this space far outnumber any injuries that occur because of this space. I further support the need for padded,

smooth surfaces throughout the interior of your truck or trailer, free of any protrusions' The method by which the horse transitions from the ground to the floor of the vehicle is critically important to the safety of the horse during loading and unloading. If a trailer is used and a typical ramp gate attached, then the ramp angle should be as shallow as possible, and there should be great attention paid to the traction provided by the surface of the ramp. If it is a step-up trailer, you should attempt to provide the lowest possible distance from the ground to the floor of the trailer' If the trailer is inappropriately high, then seek out a sloping area where the trailer can be parked to reduce the distance the horse is required to negotiate entering and exiting the trailer. Once an acceptable vehicle of transportation has been selected, place the vehicle in an area where the footing is appropriate for loading. This means that it should be a friable soil

in the trailer

surface such as sand with a minimum of two inches of cushion. Shavings or other show ring

potential for a neckiniury when the trailer brakes. Give the horse some hay to munch on during travel time. I believe in stopping at approximately four-hour intervals. Also stop

type surfaces are okay if they provide sufficient cushion (crumbly soil) and traction. I suggest that the trailer or truck be parked in such a fashion so as to create wings alongside the

so that his head cannot reach the floor between his front legs' This lessens the

1"t6

Chapter 7 /TheWonders of the Dually Halter

ILL 'uollour pJ€MroJ a^rssqo

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lo slopuoM aql /

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ratde\)

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'asroq aql ,o l)eq eql ol pue punore (slaued) a)ua, lo uolDas e 6urbul.rq ,{q s!

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After having been

tfitr

loaded and unloaded several times, the horse begins to get the feel of going in and out.

#

rffi

Z.2o Monty gives the horse a reward for his

efforts as a good student'

rcw *-:fY:T'::l:

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r:_.j!,r::*::l

ffiKW&S& &*&ffiK$fli" t

XK&SS&&,*e$eeei

7.zr Now, MontY stePs back with a long length of lead, allowing the horse to learn

intrinsicallY.

'120

Chapter

7 lTheWonders of the Dually Halter

LZt

.ra11ep ,(11en6

aql ,o srapuoM aql

1

2 n1deq1

'luapuuo) ,(11e1o1';;asu gq speo; esJoq aql

aurl srql 7z'l

.leltPrl aql u!qllrvr ruor; rtetn y €z'l

'llesturq peol r{enn slq pug ol esroq aq1 6ugr*o;;e

,(;lenpe pue

eql luoJl aql 'ralleJl

'ra;1e;1

ol slleM

r{1uo141

aq1 uoJ; r(eine I)eq asroq aql sploq uosef 's;eued aql pelotr.rar 6u1ne11 zz' I

EZL

'srea;.ra6uo1 ou aq

relleH

^llenc

aql lo srepuo6 aqr

7

7 .ra1deql

leql

6urqlauos qltrvr lPap ol 6u1u.rea1

;o a:ual.radxa

anrlgsod srq

lalle JalteJl

eql fllxa as.roq aq1 6z'l

'uossal aql Jo sllnsar

aql qll/!{,(ddeq'pllort eql le lno lool luapnls srq pue ,(1uo61 qlog

'aur!l uollenpeJr

S.'l

When the animal negotiates the ramp and enters the trailer, you should consider his work just beginning. The horse should be taken off

the trailer and reloaded 10 to 15 times before making any changes. Once the horse is negotiating the loading process with adrenaline down and in complete comfort, you can begin to remove the influence of the wings and walls. You can also move the vehicle to lessen the effect of the assistance provided by these objects. You should continue the process until the horse loads with ease in a vehicle that is freestanding and without wings of any sort. I believe that these loading procedures should take place on a day when there is no need for travel. Waiting until you must travel usually allows insufficient time to execute these procedures without anxiety. Each procedure described in this chapter should be conducted in a calm, cool and tranquil fashion. It should be your goal to achieve willing loading with the adrenaline level of the horse as low as possible. The horse should walk quietly with his head low, and exhibit licking and chewing, which denotes relaxation. If you follow these procedures to the letter, the results are usually incredibly good. you can create a loader that you can send into the trailer on his own with very little effort. I often accept a horse for a demonstration that has been

extremely difficult to load for years, and he generally negotiates the loading process within a minute or two of the time that I actually ask him to load. Take the time, keep the adrenaline level low and always regard safety as the number-one priority. And remembet, never tie your horse in a trailer while the back gate or ramp is open.

Monty's Points

ffi

" Thoroughly study and understand

Chapter4, "Join-Up." Accomplish Join-Up with your 'n horse.

" Thoroughly study and understand the use of the Dually halter. Use gentle, easy-to-handle horses to train yourself in the use of the Dually halter.

"

'' Study the "Load-Up" video. > Place safety at the top of your

priority list. 'n

Make sure your vehicle is in good repair,

r>

Ensure safe footing for loading.

"

Us€ a poll protector to reduce potential for injury.

> Use appropriate shipping boots. Provide wings or structures as

"

illustrated herein.

,' Pick a day without the necessity for transport. " Work without stress and excitement.

"

Follow loading procedures to the letter.

" Take time to repeat the process untilthe horse easily accepts loading.

without wings or structure. >' Never tie your horse in a trailer while the back gate or ramp is >l

Load

open.

't24

Chapter 7 / The Wonders of the Dually Halter

9Zt 'esroq dlppes palualradxa ue uorl l)arlol eql o€'l

rno^ peal ol

.ra11eg

I;;enq aql lo srapuog aql I

I )elde\)

asroq

{P/li\

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Sulualq8rr; dlpqualod qlYvt Suqeap uarlm eJes aq Ppoqs sasroq IIe ]nq'sasloq qf,ue

'asroq alppes rnod uorJ asroq luapnls rnod SuIpeaI aIIqM ssaua^lsuodseJ Jo aaJ8ep eures aql a^alqf,e ol {JoM Uaql pue 'ra11eq qllm asroq rnod 3u11ooqrs uo uoll aq] MaIAaU 'u^!op aulleuaJpe qlIM SlsanbaJ

d11enq aql -Jes

rnod o1 3upa1s11 pue nod q4.tt Sulzluorqluds 'preu.>1teq pue pJeMroJ d13utt11,tt salour pue

a^rlualle

sr asroq

eql teql arns Sur4eru telleq

dlenq aq] qtIM punor8 aql uroJJ Suqooqrs dq asmaxa srql ur8aq nod 1eq] puauluorar I

ro Ii€Jl lnoqe 3up1pl ]sn[ lou rue I 'Japlr s1q 3u1 -ra8uepua ]noqllM sallelsqo alerloSau ol uodn perlJr aq ueJ rsloq Xue leql lPlluassa sI ][ 'ralerrn qSnorql {IeM ol pelooqls aq o} ]uapnls rnod ro; suossel a^Ilf,aJJa lsoru aq] sr

{ulq} I 'preSar slql uI '11alt nod a'uas leql uorleradooc Jo apnlqte ue ilpsq IIIM

Jo auo

IIrM

nod 'Surpueruap ueql raqler Supsanbar 'a1e -Fo8au pue aleflunuuof, o1 aJII s/asroq aql ul dlrea ur8aq uer nod I ]Pql a^allaq I 'asroq eql Jo aJII aql

(sralaru g o1 7'xordde) raal 91

lnoq8norq] strIlJel rure-3uor1s dold

Jo aJualpaqo Sulpueurap 'asroq aq1 o] alel

otzlpue

lsoul IIIM nod 'uted Sulsner

'3uo1

(sralaru 9'7 'xordde) aplM laal 8 Iunu -runu 'urlnedJel e ro opseld Jo laaqs auo '9 'JalauIeIp

ur (ur: 91 'xordde) seqf,ul t ]noqe pue 'ql3ua1 ur (sralaur p 'xordde) laa;

ZI runrululru'(sa1od drun[) salod oMJ'S 'ruo]]oq dqs.reur d13ulpaa:xe ro duols /IeJnleu Jo peJn}JeJn P a^er{ l.rusaop l€q} -upur JaI{lIa 'elle}sqo ralen alqeldaf,Je uV '7 'sraPrr lualaduoJ o.trJ 't

ralen q8norql 3up1p.ra. alq€uoJruof, oqM asroq alppes raplo uV 'Z 'ralleq d11enq Y ,I

{1na;rad

-ure otr a.teq

d1a>1q

-rlp ol u13aq nod aluo '1ng 'sarnpacord asaql u1 padoldrua dluounuor uaaq a^eq srnds pue sdlqM ']l papu€urap nod asneraq 1sn[ alrelsqo aql alello8au asroq aql ]eql palslsul puu lralqo drecs e ol asroq Sunod aql uapplJ dldruls a.t'eq tq8pr nod'dlpuoprperl'spalqo 3u1ua1q31r1 dq pue talem aq] olul 's8ol 'a8ppq e ra.to 3u1 -TIeM apnllur uer asaqJ 'uraq] ualq8rr; lq8pu ]eql sesJoq Sunod;o lsanbar a.r,r. s8ulq] aql ale8rlsanur o] a{U plnom 1'6anbat dluo 'asroq aql Jo pueuep e a{eu ralau o} }ue}rodurl sI u

ralDM qonorql 6ur4P6

sI

Once you have a responsive student from the back of the saddle horse, you can move to the next step, which is to lead from the saddle horse over poles lying on the ground' When you have clear cooperation over the

poles, spread your plastic or tarpaulin and border it on either side with the poles. Ride over the poles and across the plastic. If your student refuses the plastic at first, you should roll it up and repeatedly walk over it, gradually unrolling it until your horse will walk over it fully spread between the Poles.

Having accomplished all the necessary schooling with the Dually and negotiated the poles and the plastic, you are ready to attempt to cross the water. Do not try to lead your horse into the water from the ground; it can be very dangerous. Lead your student from the back of your saddle horse, attempting to have

7.3r Approaching a "water obstacle" constructed of plastic or tarpaulin and wooden poles'

your student follow you and your mount through the water. Many will respond quickly' If your horse refuses to lead forward and into the water, school by riding your saddle horse into the shoulder of your student and back him in circles at the edge of the water. Eventually, you will have his hind feet in the water and you can ride into his shoulder, turning his forelegs into the water. Be generous with your praise and congratulatlons by rubbing your student on the neck during moments of cooperation. Once you have achieved the position of having the student horse with all four feet in

the water, you can lead on through. Immediately repeat the process several times until the horse negotiates the water obstacle comfortably. If further resistance is met and you are 'concerned with safety, add a step of wet or muddy ground between the plastic obstacle and the water obstacle. This usually instills confidence in your student and gives you a better chance to negotiate the water. When your student is following the saddle

't26

7.32 lf the horse refuses to lead forward and

into the water, school

as

shown in the diagram.

horse through the water with a calm attitude, tack him up and repeat the process while he is

wearing the saddle and bridle with the Dually halter under the bridle. After this, you can add a rider and begin to lead through the water from the saddle horse. Once your student is negotiating the water with the rideE detach

Chapter 7 /fhe Wonders of the Dually Halter

t7L

.ra1;eg

{;;enq eq} lo srapuo6 eql / 2 .ra1deq3

nod qlIM dels o1 sraalunlo^ pue uMop auII -eualpe slq qll.tt nod mo11o; o1 3ulpm dllrapad sr asroq rnod pue pe^alqf,e uaaq seq dn-utof

arug 'sdep ellssalrns uo sdn-u1of aarr{} ro ont} 'auo q8norql oB pue uad punor eql o] palnp -ouur aq luapnts rnod leql lsaSSns plnom I 'sasJoq raplo

pue s8ullread ro; arnparord 3u1mo11o; aql 3uI oS 'uon€f,npa su] peq lou seq ]eql

-ullno u,I

asroq raplo ue llJaqul lq8nu nod 1nq 'Suruea'n'r

rage 1sn[ auop aq dlqera;ard ppoqs raIJr€J

aql laaur ol asroq rnod aredard ol Suprels 'rarrJeJ aql lou pue 'salr,r.ras 4aq1 Supnras aldoad aql qllm lsar plnoqs aluelq aq] tnJro slql a411 3u1qf -euos plnoqs '1uaur1eal1 qsruq Supalslulupe

'luasajd asJoq Jaqloue ]noqllm ralem q6norql aplu . 'asjotl alppPs aql /v\ollol <

;o alqedet pue relnJsnru 'rg dlprlsdqd d1p -raua8 are sralJreJ a11q14 dem, alelrdorddeur ue ul qll^{ lleap sasroq pue 'sradual uoqs ul llns -ar uef, slqJ 'uIeD o] dressarau aruu aql a{e} ol parpbar aq ]ou ppoqs pu€ Jo a8eluenpe ua>1e1 8ulaq s1 aq ]eql slaal uauo Jalrrq eqJ'sarllras 3u1u1e4 roJ JaIJr€J aql ded o1 ueld lou op sra -umo asJoq lsour '3u1urer1 aq1 3ulop;o alqedel allnb pue ueruasroq poo8 osp are sJaIJreJ auros teql anrl sl 1I aIIqM 'rulq uprl o1 1ou '1aa; s/asJoq rnod ro; eJeJ ol sI asllradxa sIH 'qtrns sP pal?arl aq ppoqs pue leuolssa;ord e s1 ralue;

"

ql!/v\ pea-l

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<.

rglseld tano alrotl alppes aql ulorl pBa'l .. 'ralod J3^o asror.l alppes eql uorJ peol .. 'ssJotl alppes aql woJl aqt q1!/v\ lootlf,s <

raleri

V 'las-pulru alqeldacreun uu sl sIqI'auop sI {JoMlooJ eq} aIIqM Sur.teqaq pue 3u1puels o1

d11en6

'asJot{

alppss ales e q1lan {ueduto)lv

seruof, 1I ual{l\,I JIasuIq esroq aq} a}etrnpe uer JarrJeJ aql leql a^a1aq aldoad auos leql punoJ aleq l drlunor dra,r.a u1 aleq 1

<<

'raldeqt slq] u! paulltno asn sl! Jol sarnpa)ord aql /vlolloJ pue rsllBtl {11enq aqt ap!^oJd

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stulod

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JaIJJDJ

aql puD asJoH Jno

'luasard asJoq Jaqlo ou pue dn raprr aql qll,vr alJelsqo JaleM aql alerlo8au ppoqs luap -n1s rnod 'dels leug € sV 'asroq alppes eql llol

-lol o] raprr pu€ luapnls aql MoII€ pu€ peal aql

comfortably, I suggest that you put your student though two or three daily sessions with the Dually halter. Once that has been accomplished, you are well on your way to having your horse stand comfortably while you pick up and deal with his feet. To begin the farrier-schooling process, you should first rub your horse over, or spray him, with insect repellent. He finds it disconcerting if he has to stand on three legs and can't stomp one to remove an insect. On'ce the repellent is applied, you can begin to pick each foot up repeatedly. lf, at this juncture, your horse is perfectly willing to give you one foot at a time and stand on the other three while you tap on the lifted foot and run a rasp over it, you are probably ready to give your farrier a call. Ifyour student is reluctant, offers to kick, or refuses to allow you to tap or rasp the lifted foot, I suggest that you fabricate an "artificial arm," which I'll discuss later. At this point, the good horseman should reflect on why a horse might react in this fashion. Each of us should quickly remember that the flight animal relies upon his legs to carry him to flee for survival. We should immediately understand that acting out violently toward the horse does nothing but convince him that we are predators and out to cause him harm. Delivering pain to your student

7.33 How the arm should look (above), and how a handler uses it to desensitize the horse to touch in hard-to-reach areas'

is absolutely inaPProPriate. To make an artificial arm like the one I use to train horses that are difficult for the farrier,

you will need the following items: 7.34 With a stiff thumb added,

1. An old rake or broom handle, cut 3 feet

(approx. cane

1

meter) Iong, or a hardwood

with a straight-handle grip, not

curved griP.

2. One heavY-dutY work glove. 3. One sleeve of a discarded sweatshirt or hear,y work shirt.

4. One roll of electrical, gaffer or duct tape.

't28

the hind pastern can be lifted easily. Place the glove over one end of the pole and fill it with straw or shavings. Slide the sleeve

into place so that the cuff can be taped at the wrist portion of the work glove. Fill the sleeve

with sponge, sttaw or shavings, and tape the upper end of the sleeve to secure the material inside. You should have approximately one

Chapter 7 / The Wonders of the Dually Halter

6ZL

'ure eql lpr)ullre lo esn aql qll/\/\ paqstlduro))e sg 6a; pulq e 6uqyl lE l

,{;a;es pue,{1rsea

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aql / 2 nldeqA

{ueu aql ur a^rlrsuas ilI]s sI esJoq eql Jr pauels ta8 uer slrqeq ppfl 'replnoqs s,rarrreJ eql dq paqrnol ueuo aq IIrM lr se r>iueu aql Jo eere aql ur erurl alqeraprsuol puads 's8a1

purq eqt uaaMlaq dn pue

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aq] paJaqloq 1eq1 uorlrsod aql o] urJe aLIl uJnleU 'rurq a8ernor 'r{;a;es sbe; pulq aql q)no} ol ture atll sasn ,{1uo141 a.rag 9€.1

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dra,t

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3a1

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'ure letf rJtUe aq1 6ursn asroq e 6urzrllsuaseg

ralpueq ar{J '}r uo qttlnril JJr}s e peq rrrre aql JI leq] papnlfuof eH 'sraurpJl elprual '11erus ro; d1re1 -nrrlred 'p;d1aq dra,l sr ]eql eapl ue qlr.t,t dn auer ue1 'sldaruor dru ur ro1:nrlsur ue aq o1 aq8raq -uapue1 ue1 lq8norq aqs .puel

9€.1

-8ug ur sasrnor slraqog dluoyq pu -r8rro aql Jo Jolrerrp aq] si s{rpnl d11ay'sarra,torsrp Surlsaralur dra,t auos 8ur1eu are 'spurur uado daa>1 o1 pa8ernocua 's1uapn1s a,rr1 'aJII dru ur a8els srql

-elouur ]eql 1e 'aur

ro; ury ll Sulpuu tu,I '3ur1pueq dsea

ro; alod paraloJun;o (ruo 0t) tooJ

][fi

area before the legJifting Procedures begin. Use the arm to massage all four legs until the horse is PerfectlY haPPY dealing

with the Procedure.

If You are dealing with an extremely flightY or dangerous horse, You maY consider using

{

an assistant so that one Person

t

can control the head while the other uses the arm' Remember'

if the horse acts out or Pulls his

Y' i

!t

jl1i

leg awaY from You, droP the leg

I

r.l

I

immediatelY and then school with the DuallY halter' This will not be necessary with most

'r; !

1,:

li

t" .';

horses that are raised domesticallY, but it could be an advantage with mustangs or horses

with little human conalert and watch for imtact.

raised

i

I

young horse to the rasp 7.38 lntroduce the

arrival of the farrier' and farrier's chaps prior to the provement, and when You get it, remove the arm from that the feet lighting so that the farrier can see and go to the other side of the once at and provided' be fosition .f""urfy."CooO footing should student will Your working' continue ,o norr. be available so that a fitm, level surface should and is kicking' not for reward as regard this of the feet as the farrier can iudge the action likely to quicklY imProve' back toward' and the horse walks away from, With your student cooperating fullywhen Dually halter the farrier. You should have the and rasp' ask tap and feet four all up pick you the proceon your student, and move through Be

yo.ritu..i"i if he has an old pair of farrier's

if you don't own a ctraps ttrat he can lend you,

to allow you pair yourself. You need your horse wearlng are you to work on all four legs while him loose-fitting chaps, which may frighten farriet visits' and present a problem when the chaps withMost horses become accustomed to

much difficulty' in five to ten minutes without a your student On the day the farrier arrives' has been working should have the person who procedure' with him present for his f,rst farrier that work this choose a place for You should the horse is familiar

with and one where you

part of your schoolhave accomplished a large with good ing. It should be a safe enclosure

the activity dure slowly so that he accepts your while staying calm and relaxed' Advise to pick idea good farrier that you believe it is a a few times bethe feet up and put them down to accustom the fore worki.lg on the foot iust a good idea if the horse to the activity' It is also just before farrier picks up the foreleg briefly to. pickint up the rear leg on that same side' on the hind tt"tp pr.pur" the horse for work nsufflcient done have tooi. it yo., find that you then farrier' the work to prepare your horse for addiallow stop the procedure at once and before reinschooling time for further

tional

troducing him to the farrier'

Chapter 130

7 lfheWonders of the

Dually Halter

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or11 7 2 .ra1deq3

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YtoM EDWL

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-rodu1

1eap ol parrnbar Jr aq plnoM aq JI ueql ureal rnod;o raqruaru ralddeq qf,nru e aq o1 dlaq

s,{1uo141

sr JarJJeJ

rnod 'sarnpa:ord asaql 3uru.o11o1

Your Horse qnd the Veterinoriqn To prepare your horse for the veterinarian is an

important part of your total training program.

ill or injured

horse that becomes obstreperous when the veterinarian visits can easily be big trouble. To help your horse accept such a

An

visit, I suggest that you review the last section on "Your Horse and the Fatrier." I recommend that you follow the same procedures when preparing your horse for a medical visit. During the Dually sessions, it is important to stress that your horse should stand willingly. A horse unwilling to stand equals abadpatient. Once willing cooperation is achieved with the Dually halter, the handler should use the artificial arm on all parts of his equine

accustomed to using it with their horses. A good set of stocks is as important from a safety standpoint as it is from the convenience point of view. Dental work, worming, wound treatment, caslick procedures, and even grooming can be done very safely in a good set of stocks. If possible, the knowing horseman will practice the procedures I've outlined here before the time they are needed. You should never wait until the day you call the veterinarian to attempt to get a horse to cooperate. These techniques should be practiced and well in place before the time when compliance with

them is critical.

Monty's Points

student. Besides the work outlined

in "Your Horse

and the Farrieq" I suggest, wherever possible, you should provide examination (or treatment) "stocks." Some horsemen would call this an "examination chute," but it is, in fact, an enclosure that confines the horse for veterinary procedures or examinations. I prefer not to recommend specific types of stocks because they are available in many different variations. In addition, these enclosures evolve constantly, and improved designs turn up with regularity. I prefer to recommend that you seek the advice of an equine professional on what is available to you in your community. You might seek the advice of the nearest school of veterinary medicine. Normally, the staff of these institutions is well aware of the available stocks in any given location. I do, however, recommend the type that has a belt over your horse at the withers to discourage an attempt to leap out. If it is possible for you to justify having this tool, it is certainly worthwhile. Horsemen that I am familiar with often say to me that they can't imagine being without one once they are

132

"

Follow the section "Your Horse and The Farrier" (p. "127') virtually word

for word.

"

Emphasize standing still willingly.

(or '' Consider buying examination treatment) stocks. >r

Prepare your horse long before compliance is critical.

Chapter 7 /The Wonders of the Dually Halter

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Chapter

B

Tools of the Trode The Fool Hondler The Foal Handler is extremely useful for getting foals to move into trailers, enclosures or across property, with or without their mothers. It is a safe method of handling the foal, allowing the handler complete control. The Foal Handler is a length of one-inchthick cotton rope joined in a configuration that makes a figure-eight. The length of this rope is determined by the size of the foal. The point where the rope comes together becomes a natural handle. The figure-eight can be adjusted to fit the intended foal. The two loops made by the figure-eight format are slightly different in size. Place the smaller loop over the foal's head and flt it comfortably just in

front of the shoulders.

Use the larger loop to encircle the hindquarters of the foal. The size should allow for the rope to fit comfortably iust below the targe hip muscle. The two loops should be adjusted so that the intersection of the figure-eight sits slightly behind the withers. It is useful to apply plastic or cloth tape to cover about 8 inches (20 cm) at the intersection of the circles. This effectively becomes a

hand-grip.

Make sure the mare and foal are in a safe enclosure with good footing. Some foals may

"t34

be frightened, and take a bit of time to accept the Foal Handler. It is important to keep them safe during this acclimation period. I advise that a halter is first placed on the foal. Once haltered, put the Foal Handler on by sliding the smaller loop over the head of the foal and then drop the larger loop around the hindquarters. The hand-grip area should lie on his back just behind the withers. Make sure that the foal is comfortable with the rope in place. Holding the center-grip area, apply a little pressure to the chest of the foal. The foal will most likely move away from the slight pressure. ReIax the rope and congratulate the foal. Use this method to achieve forward movement by putting slight pressure on the rear of the Foal Handler. The foal is likely to respond quickly. Reward immediately.

You can school the foal

until he responds

with calm cooperation to the cues of the rope. This way, the foal will begin to understand the training method, that is, to reward positive behavior with rest or release of pressure, and to make it difficult for him to act out negatively.

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An Additional Tip For the foal who is a "master" in evasive moves, work with a helper who can very qui-

the mare in a quarter arc around the foal. She is still close by, off to the side, and out of the way. Since the Foal Handler is going to be used against the sensitive skin of young horses, it is

etly and calmly

ease

critical to maintain it properly because it will tend to rub areas of contact. If used on several foals, the rope can become a carrier that causes a skin fungus. It is my recommendation that you dip each of your Foal Handler ropes in a strong anti-fungal disinfectant at the conclusion of each day, hanging lt in a well-ventiIated area to dry overnight. Your veterinarian can advise you as to the best disinfecting preparation available.

8.7 A foal who is a master of evasion.

Monty's Points >>

>r

Adiust and use the Foal Handler precisely according to recommendations. Make sure that all movements around the foal are quiet, methodical, and synchronized,

" School untilthe foal is comfortable

with the request for movement. Do not jerk, shout, pull, or other'> wise raise the adrenaline level in the foal. > lt is critical to maintain the Foal Handler with proper cleaning

8.8 With an attendant moving the mare in an arc, the foal is in a safe position.

as suggested,

"136

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

IEL palou aq plnoqs 1I 'snoraSuPp dlaura'r1xa 'sr dlleraua8 pue 'aq uetr ra>Ilnq lelpaurer aqJ 'drqsuetuasroq poo8 8ulsn dq ]Iqeq e aruol -aq

e ]ou o] uollreal slql roJ druapua] 3uorls araql '{lnq ol }dura}}e pue s{req rlaql

aq IIIM

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puas MoIIe pue uad aq] punor€ ]no {feq ureq} aruocaq dluappns I JI '{Jeq rlaql o} paqletr}€

suq leq} rolepard € aq ol raplsuotr daql teqm o] uolll€ar Iernleu e sl sIqJ'alppes lsru rlaql qlrm {rnq uaql Jo luarrad 99 }noqe uad punor aql ul sasroq u?]s I uaqM 's}u1ds q31q 3ur'teq

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-'

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lI

'3unod are nod ssalun dleuosrad sanbruq::asaql esn nod SurlsaSSns ule I leq] 'alnu ; auo JoJ 'ueeur lou saop {ooq slq} ul ualc-r I€rpaurar s1q] Sulpnlrul rue I leqt

]lel eqr

'rallerl aql olul peol 01 llnfL are ]eql sasroq o1 dluo areld puoras ro,I i-1: -pue-{rau at€ 'tattlel aql roJ llnlgJlp arP lE-'sasroq q1p,r.l 3uo1e '3ur4rnq 1e91 ePI'uPIlL: ': aluauadxa uorJ a^allaq dleuosrad I 'pauj-r -uol aJ€ SasJoq lelpaural araqM 'rualqr slq] qllM sasroq Jo raqunu eq] pu? afl'\ sI--

'.'-

;o ra8uep aq] Jo asnefaq suollerlsuouap uI sJa{f,nq apnIJUI I 'sJa>lJnq eurof,aq a^eq 1r --'8ur:::-: sasroq qllM aul o] auror aldoad duel1 pue 'rualqord stql - -eJ uroJJ }t lua,tard ol ^toq uraql alntr o] ,l,roq '>1rnq sasroq dq'tl aututri-: ol SuIoB Lue L,'ssaf,ord Sullrels,, aq] uI salr'e s{rnq oq^^ asJoq aql }ou 'talonq 1en:': ^^aJ -€q aql. qllM Ieep o1 3ulo3 tue 1 ',uorllas s1q: *-

p 'saJnleal Sursne:-ured '{ue daqr leul aJns eq ol 'qlrl3 pue ped

$lf,n8

nol ueLIM

a,req

lutll

asJoH ar{I

that there are thousands of people permanently injured or disfigured by remedial buckers. It is also a fact that tens of thousands of horses have been put to their death because they became habitual buckers and could not be ridden.

The Buck Stopper It is with these facts in mind and my desire

rider that has been bucked clear, and is otherwise healthy until the plunging feet of the horse come crashing down with tons of pressure per square inch. In view of the dire consequences that horses and people can suffer because of remedial bucking, the use of the Buck Stopper is without any question appropriate and reasonable.

to save horses and prevent injuries that I have developed the following techniques. I recommend the use of a tool called the Buck Stopper. I have been using this aid for over 50 years, and I can state categorically that I have never injured a horse using this technique. Severe buckers that have tested the Buck Stopper for two or three consecutive days will sometimes exhibit a pink line on their upper gums. But it disappears in a couple of days and I have never known it to be of any lasting consequence. The Buck Stopper is inert until the horse begins to buck, and allows the horse to discipline himself. If the horse travels with his head in a natural position, he will respond to the rider as if the Buck Stopper did not exist. It will not affect hirn unless he attempts to put his head down toward the ground. The effective bucking horse often executes this activity with his head right between his front feet. Often the effective bucker will lunge forward, high in the air, with his head in a relatively natural position, saving his tendency to bury his head near the ground for that moment when his front feet impact the surface. During this process the rider tends to sit straight up while the horse is lunging high, but then is jerked by the reins onto the top of the horse's neck or head. Inluries to the rider's face, neck and head are seen frequently. The rider will often be cast forward onto the ground in front of the horse. The next jump of the animal is likely to be a very dangerous one for the fallen rider. Serious injuries and even death have occurred when the bucking horse jumps on the

138

8.9 The Buck Stopper, a

simple but effective tool.

What Makes a Bucker? Whenever I am dealing with a remedial problem, I find it entertaining and informative to consider what I might do if my intention was to train the horse to do the thing I consider remedial. If the horse exhibits a particular behavioral pattern and feels he has gained something, he is likely to repeat the behavior. If the horse tries a particular pattern and finds it to be a nonproductive exercise, he is likely to cease the behavior. Let us investigate a make-

believe scenario that often occurs, thereby creating a remedial bucker. Let's say we have a young horse ridden for a few months, who has been cooperating with his rider and learning his lessons well. The horseman gets too busy oq for whatever reason, fails

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

6tt 'asJoq

Suqrnq

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se sasroq uaas

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aq suearu srql ,,'d4uen a1p11 e aqrq8lru aq'u-nl r{J}u14, 'uolssardxa aq} Jeaq ol prrddl almb sl 11 'p1o sread 7I are daql 1lun 4onq sanbr-uqrat qsreq doldrua ]eql suollerado ur pasn sasroq lsour araqm suolleJol asaql;o dueur uI palro,nil a.teq 1 '3uo1rnq qllm Ieap o1 pasn dlprrdsl

q

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ro rnoJ Jauv rapreq {lnq o} aq rurur druapw s1g '8ur1eaq e ro premar u la8 ol 3ugo3 raqlp q aq 's4rnq aq uaqm leqtr uprq s1q u1 3o1 [L!r aq 1eq1 d1a4q s1 11 'dlqsruq patear] sl aq JI 'ure8e 4 op o1 1de sI aq snql-aruapadxa aq1 leadar ol a^rluaf,ur saprrrord lI 'pr€Mal q 'snnbg;o aSens -ueT ar{l ul 'sIr,IJ 'replJ slq speolun aq 'uoqm pue 's{fnq asJoq Y

slql Jo asJnoJ

aq1 3u1rnp

,,'Sur4cnqBurpre8ar uossal eJalas e paau [L!raq ssan8 1 'p1o8 se poo8 se uaaq seq a11,, des lq8Jw JapIJ aql ,,'aloJaq l€ql auop Ja^au seq aH* 'ap1rd sg o1 drnlul dlurelrac 'drnlur prrsdqd pu y1 '3u1ra;;ns tyo pa4rnq pue pren8 go lq8nm sr ta,rau.oq tapgr rng deld o1p1ag e u1 pasEefl -ar uaaq aq p€q auop aleq 1q31ur aq sz rpnlrn $lrnq aH'sapoldxa asroq Sunod aqJ'apF lus -sea1d e Sulpadxa 'slunotu pue 'uorqse; pmn aql u1 dn s4:€l ueuasJoq rno 'utaruol ap111 qll6 'aseanur dyluecglu8rs o1 1alal lSram dra^

srq 3ur,l,ro1p 'sdep rvra; e JoJ asJoq aql apIJ or

How To Train a Horse To Buck It is suggested that you start with a healthy, strong horse possessing athletic body confor-

mation. Some successful bucking horses are crosses between a Thoroughbred and a draft breed. This will often get you size, strength and athleticism. It does not matter whether the horse is raised domestically or in open country, as long as they want to buck. With a good prospect in hand, put your horse in a bucking chute and place on his back an offlcial Professional Rodeo Cowboy's Association (PRCA) saddle. Cinch it down snugly,

but have it equipped with breakaway releases on both the front and back cinches. Keep your horse calm and allow him to observe the situation without any antagonistic behaviot on your part. Open the gate and allow your horse to exit the chute sf his own volition. Do not apply pressure or create pain, as you want him to have fun with this exPerience. If your student is inclined to buck, he will jump and kick high in an attempt to dislodge the saddle. Allow this to continue for no more than two iumps and then pull the release rope and allow him to buck it off. Let him settle in the arena and find his way to the catch pen, passing through the stripping chute. Repeat this process once a day for about three or four days, gradually increasing the length of time before you trip the saddle and allow him to buck it off. Therein lies his reward. Experts suggest no more than about five iumps on any of those procedures. If your student is talented, he will gradually jump higher and try more aggressively to rid himself of the equipment. Give him a few days off at this point, and then repeat the process. It is best to make sure that he is sound and free of any pain, as this will only serve to reduce his desire to buck well.

After four or five more series with three or four days rest between, you can begin to con-

't40

sider adding his first human passenger. It is good to start with a rider who knows these procedures and is young, sound and athletic' This rider should be able to iump out of the saddle while the horse is still bucking at his strongest' Instruct the rider to stay with the horse for no more than four or five iumps, and then to get

out of the saddle as safely as possible. The flank cinch should be stripped away from the horse as quickly as possible after the rider has eiected' With the horse free of the rider you should help him to find the stripping chute as soon as possible. On each trip he has made through the arena he should have passed through the stripping chute to access the catch pen. Get the equipment off him as quickly as possible' As before, allow four to six days between these exercises, with at least five or six of these controlled schooling sessions before any rider attempts to stay on him for the full eight seconds. It is at this time that you should assess your horse's potential to be a professional bucker. It is quite possible that by now he has shown tendencies to want to stop bucking. If so, you could put him into training as a saddle horse, using the procedures recommended to stop a horse from bucking, rather than those recommended to create a bucker. If the horse shows promise, and is bucking with great enthusiasm at the conclusion of the controlled schooling sessions, you should look for riders who are learning the art of riding bucking horses. They are generally less apt to stay on, allowing the horse a further opportunity to take the upper hand in his quest to rid himself of anything on his back. Some of the

will seek out a college the horse will remain and environment, rodeo to ayer before months bucking there for six

best stock contractors

professional riders experience his talents. Throughout this period of education, the bucking horse should be fed well, have his feet

trimmed and experience several day's rest between each session. He should be allowed to Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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8.rr How the Buck StoPPer

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8.r3 How the Buck StoPPer is attached to a Western saddle.

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8.rz How to rig the Buck StoPPer to an English saddle.

8.r4 The clove hitch, used to attach the Buck Stopper to a Western saddle.

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8.r5 Closeup of the clove hitch attached to the saddle horn, tied for a quick release.

142

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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consider employing your mannequin rider. Using safe procedures, fix the dummy on the English saddle. This will generally evoke aggressive bucking by the remedial horse. Do not consider this a bad thing because the horse will be experiencing the Buck Stopper, which discourages the desire to buck. If you find it diffi-

cult to place your mannequin rider on the horse, you may wish to use a rolled-up blanket first. Tie small ropes around it in three different places so that you can attach it to the top of the saddle and in each stirrup. Work with this blanket until your horse is comfortable as you

8.r8 A dummy being bounced up and down to accustom the horse to his presence.

E-2

throw it on and pull it off. This will serve as an effective forerunner to using the mannequin. I recommend taking the safe way and using the dummy for several days before you go on to using a rider. To get the horse used to the presence of the dummy, bounce it up and down beside the horse before bellying it over

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the horse. Again, Iong lining can be very useful during this process. It should be noted that you never long line with a human rider

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aboard, but long lining

this point if you prefer. When your student is perfectly comfortable allowing the dummy to mount and ride on a daily basis without resorting to bucking, then and only then should you consider the live rider. If your rider prefers a stock saddle, spend an extra day or two accustoming the horse to the stock saddle and dummy so that there are no surprises to your horse when the rider mounts. If you choose to use a double-rigged

144

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elevate trust

more bucking and thus more schooling as the Buck Stopper is only effective when bucking occurs. You can use the Dually halter while long lining by snapping a line into each of the schooling rings. This will work on the horse much as a side pull does, and is normally quite effective. A snaffle bit can be employed at

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Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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The Heqd-Shy Horse Before launching into a description of the

techniques that I use when dealing with a head-shy horse, I believe that it is important to identify what the head-shy condition is, and describe its characteristics. I would estimate that nine out of ten head-shy horses are simply frightened animals. They are horses abused by

humans. Often, this is caused by simply striking the horse in the region of the head with the human hand. Whips, ropes/ and twitch poles are often weapons with which to make a head-shy horse. Any horse expressing the head-shy condition is likely to shy and lift the head abruptly when there is any quick movement by a handler. Touching his ears and/or his nose is often impossible. To deal with this phenomenon successfully, you must establish trust between the horse and handler. I have found that 90 percent of head-shy horses are man-made, and while this is generally the condition I work with, it is also important to define the naturally occurring causes of this phenomenon in the other 10 percent. Before a trainer begins to work with a head-shy horse, it is a good idea to first investigate the potential for physical problems. It is possible that the horse is experiencing pain, which could easily be the root cause. Physical factors that can cause it may include dental problems, lice, ticks, or other external parasites around the cranial area. It is possible that a skin fungus or other irritations might produce pain sufficient to cause head-shyness. I have worked with many horses that had sustained an iniury in their past and as a result of the necessary doctoring developed serious problems. A halter allowed to fit too tightly can also create pain that induces this condition. No horse is born head-shy, but he is by instinct protective of this area. Should you abuse this part of his anatomy, it is almost certain that the horse will quickly experience a phobic

146

fear of any motion about the head. The horse that is head-shy makes life difflcult for himself and most of those around him. Once resistant to work around the head, he can be difficult to catch, clip, bridle or handle in general. This be-

havioral problem is quickly exacerbated by impatient handling, and if pain is experienced by the horse, the problem may develop into a phobia. Hitting a horse anyr,vhere is unacceptable, but hitting it on the head is abuse of the worse kind.

Eventually a head-shy horse can become very dangerous to handle. He can violently swing his head to evade perceived danger, or rear up and strike out to protect himself. It is important to rebuild trust with this frightened or phobic horse, and the best way to accomplish this is to complete Join-Up. By communicating in the horse's language, you can build and repair trust. ?ust is the key to everything I do around horses. When I have my equine student comfortable being with me and following me in the round pen in a relaxed fashion, I put the Dually halter on him and flt it properly. The horse needs to know that you are not

going to inflict pain. Spend time touching his head, but when he lets you into that area, walk away. By touching the horse on the forehead and then walking away, you are gesturing that you are not predatory or potentially dangerous. Repeat this simple gesture and observe the response from the horse. After a while, even the most phobic animal will begin to realize that you mean him no harm. Watch for signs that the horse's anxiety is subsiding. As the adrenaline goes down, the horse will relax and drop his head a little. He will also have a calm eye, and should not be sweating. Seize this opportunity, and when he is comfortable, rub his muzzle and then his face between the eyes and on the jaws, if possible. While rubbing with your fingers, use your forearm in an attempt to stroke up over the ears or poll. Ifyour horse is

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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I

aperl eql Jo slool / g reldErD

'alnleu snolf,Idsns e Surssardxa asroq ppra e i1d -urrs Jo 'dpepur lerlsdqd e 'luarulearlsrru tuoq suals uelqord aq1 raqtaqm elllll sJalleru tI dyle4rur aurp fi1pnb Surpueds dq dpuap -gJa aroru pue dlupr ua>I€uepun aq ueJ ssal -ord ayoqa,r aq1 'd1c o1 rualqord e lou sr terfl asroq p a^eq llr^.lr nod pua aql ur ]nq ta8uol a4e1 deru srql 'a:ue1daf,f,e Jo peoJ aq] trrrop esJoq eql a{el /pea}sul 'eurqJeur aql Jo [aa! pue aslou aql ol ]Iuqns ol Iurq af,roJ ro alt ]ou oC 'qJlrml e esn lou op 'sraddrlc aql Jo pau? -]e8pg dlrrqoqd sl teq] asroq e a,req nod;1 '1snr1 rredar prr,r nod ,ssarord srql leadar nod;1 'luesealdun Surqldue Wt!t(

'asJoq aql qn.r uer no{ q)lr.lm ul uo111sod e o1 (1.rasur eas) pueq anlssed e qlllt 6ulnou ,es.roq {qs-peeq 6u;qreo.rdde ueq^ paso;r s.ra6u1; daal €z.g

e

palerrosse lou sr sree pue peaq aq] punore paqJnot pue palplrq Suraq leqt sureal asJoq aql dlpar sr ]l 'uorssas Sqpp s leql luelrodur go lr a{e} pue uo apgq arG

aroJaq saru4 dueur

1nd uec nod 1eq1 os elnpaqJs rnod ue14

Surlpuqun pue Surpuq ilels ueql

,srea

.u1;

anrl dlpnsn

sr

11

>lJo,r,r

ule

Supat

ol anu4uol Sr

opeJl

a

SI SSIOL

o] ldlua WLU

pue sa-i; slq qru -do sru

rulef

e

pue r?Ii arF

r

suErs

azlle3

ua-\a

aql a,\r -raB

leql 3 peaqa

{l?1vl'ea s1q 8u,

lOU a

pue

peaq srq ra^o IIe spueq rnod Sulqqnr nod qrltr alqeUoJruor sr aq pu€ ,asroq aq1 o] rurer{ otr ueaur nod teql paqsllqelsa a^eq nod arug 'lsn-rl

e qlIM pareldar uaaq seq rorleqeq rrqoqd aq: yqun dep rege dep arnparord slql ]eadaU .peeq

arrlue aql qnJ uef, nod 1r1un arueldale;c eare aql puedxa o1 d4 pue Surqqnr aql eletrIil. 'ure8y 'nod ol auror ol asroq aql a8ernorua ol ralpq dlpnq aql ale^rlJe o1 lq8ra,u dpoq rnol MoIIe pue de,r,re 41em tea; ur peaq aq]

-a1a dq dlarxue sassardxa asroq aql aurr qJeT 'a1ou a,rrlrsod e uo uorsses uaar8 due pua rruf

nod lrlun esJoq aq] qlr,t,r

//'MoIS SI }SPJ pue ]SeJ 1eq1

$OIS'

taqruaruag .lsrul srq ured

o1 parrnbar aull Jo qfual aql eprJap d1a1eu -lllln IIIM esJor{ eqJ 'tlemlue dn 1r paads 1ou

IIIM no '{roM srq} uo paceld aq plnoqs lFrrll arur] oN 'lsnJl leql p11nq or sa>lel lr 3uo1 -rtoq rel]eru lou saop ]I 'lsnr];o Suppnq aql sr {rorN,r, dur;o padse luelrodrur lsou aql ,ure35 'sporrad pa8uolord ro; ure8e qnr pue auoz uoJruoJ lseJeeu aq1 o1 dn-4req oB ,1uelsrsa:

rulq -AJ

etu

dru a01

.\

no-i' -ig01

-lI{3l ]I 'Jlas 'ra

,iF aruo aql Jo

-ldalre,

eol dq paru

-uII -iq -eq sFL[ o1

llrD

luelsls; JIasur.n{

asJoq;

You

will encounter the odd

horse here or there that is just so wild he will not allow

you near his head. However, this is quite rare. One of the most effective means of producing a horse that is trusting of a human is

foal imprinting

(see

"Foal

Imprinting," p. 181). Dt. Robert Miller has brought to

\i

1t I

1 Ii

tj'; 1:3

t" ,l

/:.

8.25 A tYPical Join-UP with a horse the horse industry a science and who is looking for a friend. abused, has been that effective that is exceedingly when it comes to creating trust in horses, and most Particularly around the area of the head. Many horsemen, howeveg inherit horses when the window of opportunity is closed for foal imprinting. For our purposes here, I will deal with the subject as though the head-shy condition was brought to the horseman in an adult horse.

Head-Shy Horse EquiPment List A hair drver

Water and a sponge A long lead line A fenced or safe enclosure or a box stall

An assistant A Dually halter

The Method I first achieve Join-Up and am very diligent about rewarding the horse by touching whatever part of his body I can. If I can rub between the eyes, I will certainly do that. If it's only the shoulder or the neck I can touch, it will suffice. Once a solid Join-Up has been accomplished and trust established, I will school my student to the Dually halter. Having these two procedures thoroughly understood by my student calmly and willingly, I will then begin to school the horse to

148

8.26 Hold the hair dryer away from the horse, and gradually bring the air flow nearer. being washed down with a garden hose. I prefer the use of a spray nozzle set for a fine mist, wetting the horse all ovet, but most importantly I wet the head and neck. I then lead my horse into the round pen, or a safe enclosure, with good footing. I use a hair dryer on an extension cord. I recommend that the next phase of work include an assistant so that a safe environment can be created. One of you holds the horse while the other handles the hair dryer. Choose an assistant that is capable. Holding the hair dryer away from the horse,

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

6Vl ']uJuruoJIAue s,asroq aq] ul SulrJnlJo slqSrs pue spunos Jaqlo Jo 'sJee aq] Suiddrtr '1ua11adar lrasut roJ saluoq derds-rea1 alelnurlls

dlputrou treql

saf,ualJnJJo dlrep dueu tdale o] asJoq aql sasnef arnparord slql leql puu I 'aruelslsar Jo u31s

due ]noqllM sada aq] punore pue'alzzntn

'sJee s,asroq

aql aipueq uel I eroJeq alul]

Jo

ra]]eru e aq dluo 1pr",r, 11 lsrsrad I lI ]nq 'sulaJuof s,esroq aql delp o] sdep lera^es a4e1 deu 11 'flurapef,€ sI uossal slq] Jo eJueleq aq] 'peeq stq punore eare aq1 Sufesseu pueq.{u pue '.rr.tog rle aq] pue punos JoJoIu aql sldarru

apPrl aql lo slool I

I

r2'-=. - -

3p

esJoq aq] afuo 'IJo.lt raqlo Jo sraddrlr , - : j : - : -ord 1 aro;aq aleJ aql umop pue srel : * - -:

MoU Jre Jql ldaJJe ol aulll 1uapnls itu t ' 'd1.,llo1s oB 1 'uoos oo1 'qlnur ool op r:,"":'; 'radrP rieq OQI ul--"- ;-: '

aq] dn 3ur.toru 'rl€q ]a.tl aql Sulqqnr p *: - : l,tou aqt ur 11 3une1d dq deld olul pLIEL- :-

.

.

,

-do dru Supq 1 'Ilnrulls qloq ]dalr€ ol :s: -. : uorlrpuof o1 ur8aq ol punos Joloul aql : -. 'Japlnoqs aql or l: : : Jo -\{ou aql qtln 1ro,\.\ Suole uaq] pue 'sragenbpuq aql uo I j: - -' qJnol ol punore rle Jo MoU aql Sul.rQ i-'l 'turq urorJ deme s,ta.og rle aql ]PLII os u: -' -'- .Ja.l

'ra^o lle

urq q)nol ,{1ge1o1

alqeuo}ulo) '{qs-peaq;a6uol ou sl esroq aql o€'3

o1 ,{1uo141 6u1tto11e allq/v\

'.ra,{rp qt!/!\ Jasoll aq} .rreq 1a6 pue s.rea as.loq aq1 6z'9

aql q)nol ol ,(luohl s/v\olle

'lfau aql 6ur>1.rorvr

uc 1i*..

asl

';ar{;p ;teq e q}lM asJoq Xqs-p:; ,(;,rno1s ,{1uo61 pue uos? !. :

eql q:eo.rdde

'peqlnol peaq

slq burneq ol uo llri-: ;

>rqoqd s,esJoq aql salerlsuor.uap X1uo11

^^ou

'pu as.t

Properly followed, these procedures will allow the horse to learn intrinsically. I take whatever time is necessary to allow the horse to accept, to whatever degree I choose, these handling procedures. I have literally caused horses to be willing to walk up to me and lower their heads to allow me to put a finger in each of their ears. I can massage the inner areas of the ears with horses acting as though it was a wonderful experience' The response is much as you would expect from massage or scratching an itchy spot on your back. Also, using these procedures, I have caused horses to allow me to reach into their mouth and grasp their tongue and hold it out one side while inspecting their teeth, or even while having them floated.

Monty's Points l, Se properly equipped. > Check for physical maladies> Use loin-Up. > Use the Dually halter. > Work in safe surroundings.

> Follow procedures precisely for

the us€ of the hair drYer.

for intrinsic learning'r Allow use no force.

The Reorer I have dealt with literally hundreds of horses that rear. In Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and all over North America horses have responded well to the procedures I am outlin-

ing here. No amateur-trainer or rider-should ever deal with the rearing horse.The principles outlined in this section are for lhe professional only. Anowner or amateur equestrian experiencing rearing with a horse can ask a qualified professional to review this chapter before he or she works with the horse. Before undertaking the challenge of curing the problem of rearing, the responsible horseman will have examinations done to learn

if this problem has a physical cause. A good dental exam might reveal that the horse has a bad tooth or gum abscess that is aggravating the animal to the extent that it rears, simply acting out against the pain. Sometimes, it is discovered that there is pain emanating from the atlas ioint or a cervical vertebra near that part of the anatomy. While you should always consider that physical pain might be involved, most of the time trainers find that rearing is caused by humans. If the problem is physical, then a responsible trainer will alleviate that

condition first, before dealing with the rearing itself.

When

a

human being causes the problem of

rearing, he most often does so subconsciously, and without ill intent. A rider asks the horse to go forward, but if the advance is too fast or abruptly, without thinking, he takes up the reins to slow the horse's forward progress' If the horse has a sensitive mouth, he will often feel that he has no place to go. The thought pro-cess of the horse might be, "He asked me to go forward, and then he punished my mouth." This horse will often see rearing up as the answer to this dilemma. Upon rearing, this horse will often feel the rider become immedi-

150

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

t9r e ro ulnb dleaq poo8 e a{e} rulq aplr ol ue}s lsrg nod uaq6, 'pasrrlpe >1ooq s,raqle; d1ntr 'pasn aq ]Iq raqsreq e pualuluo -rar ol uo sao8 osle eH '(9131 'duedruo3 >Ioofl

arrqslllM 'auog aqlJo \oog paw4sn111) ,,8u1teat alrqM asroq e d1qu. lou lnq rnds detu no1,, 'spuaruruolar 'daup15 '5 toqlne raqlouv 'ute8e rear o1 rala paua1q31q ool aq IIIM asJoq eql l€q] salels raql -rry Joqlnu aqJ,'poolq sl ]l ]€ql {ulq} o1 asJoq rnod asner IIIM ratrpm rurem aq] pue 'pa1sa33ns

roqlne aql 'dod e qlllt >IeaJq p,ra. 11 'qpq1q311 aql qlIM ppeq eql;o dol aql uo rurq llq 'pan uaq6

-ulluof,

/sJ€ar asroq rnod //aJIApe/, aql

'sesJor{ le!peueJ u1 6u1.rea.t

auro)Jano ol pasn se;66o9 lE'g

eperl aql lo slool / g.ra1deq3 'ratrem rurem qlIM lI IIU pue 'aseq aql reau eloq e lTUp /qlnqlqSly paprerslp e a{e} plnoqs nor 1eq1 pa1sa38ns dlsnorras requraurar I {ooq auc} 'uerrlsanba uJapour aql >llorls o] lde are lnoqs pear aleq 1 sanbpqrag aruos pue asroq Suuea: aql qll1lt 3uleap s4ooq dueru p€ar a^eq I 'Jnf,f,o ]eq] sqlsa[r pue salrnlur ueurnq aq1 o1 paredruoJ uaq-M'

sr

11

aPe

:f

a

-Iperm srr aq] ,/'rDnol

'01

atu

lq8

uauo JI

apd oa,t1 asoql Jo qloq lns rarro Surrear uoq paurelsns sapn[u1 Jo asnef,aq padorlsap dpuern -nq uaaq a^eq leq} ]noqe Mou{ I leql sasroq Jo suazop 3q] aff asroM qrnlr'{ 'paSeurep aq IrEs luarudnba pu€ salppes ']seq 1V 'rrqdorlsele: saop IIeJ e uaq6'Suuooy qq uago

'S

aql ro 19, asrol ',{1sno

Jo rnalq

'rnllo

sure8ar asJoq aql aru4 aql Jo lsotu pue taro 3u11py asroq aql uI llnsar sde,vrye lou saop 3uI -rear 'dlaleunuoC rapF slq pu€ JIasruI{ o} qroq 'leruruu snora8uep dra,r, e sr Surrear Jo llqeq aqt padolanap seq leq] asroq 1elpatuar aqI

Surrear lPrD

'prrsr sr 3 'pa.t1o-n

sde.np

leql go padul ued dol

aq1 'sa133o8

aruop q8norql-aas rqseld qll,l,r sJa{ulg AIPIJTI

ruoq s-r lI ' dtdu

LUei

Jelleq AII€n0

poo8

sau11 3uo1 Jo rrud

seq a

rar{leal dnrrps ped pue (ura1sa14 ro qq13ufl alppes

1s;1

uadpunor y luaud;nbg ta.reaX

SuEe-re

-asJoq;

Supnr; JO

-

oru pre^lor

;,0;ljiT'Ili# :ffi

o

"t" ", ""J

alelnler8uor pue asroq aql a>loJls uaql ppoqs raprJ aqJ 'lureJlsal due;o aaJJ pJeMJoJ alolu o1

ag dlalepaurul

pa8ernorua aq ppoqs -JoJ

eq aJ

pagrpn -rradrra louo)

-]no

pre.llr

rulq Sugpuas 'sulal aql uo arnssard

se

DAa

'iut

asealal 01 sr 'asrno:r Jo taMsuu aqJ 'euo sr-ql ueql JeaJ o] esroq aql Sulqrea] roJ a^llf,aFr 'IapIJ aq} slo4uo-] aJo{u aJe sarue}srunfJlJ 'Ia{ aq Suuear dq leqr ,,pauleJl,, 3u1aq s1 asJoq aql

-urpno a^er{ s

-8ur; pal sasJoq.

'lorluoJ Jo asuas e slaal aq se slq] sa>lll asroq aq1 dpuerglu8rs dn asual pue anlsua;ap {p1u

piece of hose about 18 inches [45 cm] long

rearers are, I think, barbaric and ineffective.

with a loop in it for your wrist. When starting, if he rears up, be very careful that you do not pull him over backward. Loosen the reins, put your left hand on the saddle horn and hit him on the top of the neck right up between the Horse and Horsemctn Tiaining. Privately pub-

Many people were injured following the advice of those teachers and often the horses were sent to slaughter, labeled as dangerous. It is important to again remember that when dealing with a remedial problem the qualified trainer should always put himself in a position where he is comfortable, safe and can

lished, 1957).

smile.

ears as hard as you can" (Marvin E. Roberts,

I remember another book that suggested

that the rider use ropes to create a running "W." When the horse rears, pull his front feet up to his chest. When he attempts to return to his normal stance, he will come crashing to the ground hitting his knees andmuzzle. The intention was that this would teach the horse that rearing results in great pain to the knees and muzzle.

I also read

a

book published in the U.K. that

suggested that the young athletic rider could pull the horse over backward each time he reared, and eject himself from the horse so as

to not to be trapped beneath him. If the horse survived eight to ten of these episodes, it stated, he was likely to form a distaste for rearing. Another American author added to this scenario by saying that an athletic rider could iump off the back as the horse reared over, keeping the reins very tight and holding the horse on the ground. An attendant could then rush in and cover the horse with a tarpaulin. In the dark, it stated, the horse would not try to regain his feet and you could tie his legs to the horn of a Western saddle, reaching under the tarpaulin to do it. Leave the horse on the ground for the better part of a day and as you pass by throughout the day, jump up and down on the tarpaulin. The author suggested that the horse would be so frightened after that point in time that he would never rear again. All these techniques remind me of old film

footage of men trying to execute flight. Now that we know how to fly, we think they look ridiculous! Those early procedures to break

152

Goggles After Join-Up and several sessions of schooling with the Dually halter, I believe it is appropriate to introduce your horse to a piece of equipment that I call goggles. They are available from good tack shops and equestrian catalogs. Goggles come in two different forms, plastic and made of wire screen. I will first describe the plastic goggles. This piece of equipment consists of a hoodlike piece of cloth resembling racing blinkers. Instead of the cups that restrict rear vision, it is equipped with two half-round plastic bubbles that fit over the horse's eyes. The dome-shaped plastic covering was originally intended to keep objects from hitting the horse's eyes when he traveled in an open trailer. I advise you to drill several holes (% inch or .6 cm) along the bottom margin of each of these plastic domes to allow for air circulation. This prevents fogging the plastic, which will obscure the horse's vision. The second type of goggles is made in Australia and called a "pacifleL" It can be ordered from certain tack shops, but is not easy to purchase in the U.S. The pacifier has a similar appearance to the goggles, but the domes are made of a high-tensile wire screen and resemble tea strainers. This piece of equipment was developed for racing on turf where divots fly up. To use either of these two pieces of equipment for the horse that rears, you need a roll of electrical tape or duct tape. Whether you use

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

€9t 'MoIIoJ ol esJoq Jaqloue

luepnls rnod a^I8 o1 puu atruenuul 3u1z111qe1s e se ltre o] asJoq appes pauleJl-lla^\ e uo lapu e s1 11 Jo aruelslssp aq1 loldura uer nod;r 1ryd1aq 'papaau Jr asroq aql a8ernotrua ol Jaluaf, aq] ul puels uef, luepuaue aq1 'luasard sdea,rle luep -uatr]e ue qll/\,\ uJd punor aq] u1 paqsldruorre aq ppoqs SutptU 'sular aql dn 4r1d uala lou ppoqs aq saplJ aarql Jo o^{l ]sru aql roJ leq} pue 'u1ed lerulue slql asnetr o1 uouualul ou alaql leq] pesl^pe aq ppoqs raplr rno 'aroJaq sasroq snora8uep uappF seq

-sal aql esn

ePerl aql ,o slool / g.raldeq1

ppoqs

no

'lJoJluof, ur slq8ra-arn8g

Surlnrexa uad punor eql Jo ralual aql q8norp ssed o] palcarp sl aq se paxelar dels pue 'asea qllm lq8lr pue UaI uJnl o13u111,r,r luapnls rnoi eler{ ppoqs nod 'arnparord s1q18upnq 'a}eud -ordde sl lep e rnoq-Jlel{ e pu? 'sdep lq31a ro xr.s

aql Jo asn aql ol palelaJun sI ]I su asn nod 4lul ;o a1d1s qtrIqM raileru lou saop 11 'ace1d ur sa13 -3oB aqr qllm Sulppes puaruluof,ar I 'apF pue

oqm auoaruos asooqf, nod leql arns aq 'rapp uaq6'sla^al aulpuaJpe ,ttol pue

lsaSSns 1-a13unrns ro alppes e Suuear* asroq Supear plparueJ aql au11 3uo1 dlarrlsualxa 'Surlunour aJoJaq raluetr pue loJl '4pm 3t4 -lsanbar uad punor e uI Iooqrs-asoo1 'are1d t4 ile alprrq pue alppes 'ped alppes q1114 'sa133o8

sr

e 3ur1ra1as

uoJruof, 'asea lear8 qlIM auop sI 1I leql lualxa aq] o1 paqsqdurorre uaaq seq arnparord qrea uaqrvl dpo luapnls rnod uo raplr e^II e lnd 'Japrr e qll,r,r Sulrear ueql qslld -ruofJe ol Jalsee sr 'dn Sutrear 1ou pue 'prem o1 nod dlaq

-ro;8uro8 leq] esroq aql af,ulluotr

uer dn durunp aql qlIM sauq 3uo1 eql Jo esn ar{J'suoplpuor due repun arnpaf,ord a}errd -ordde ue lou sr 11 '.{es o1 }I aJUJns 1nq 'asner plnoJ s]ql saruanbasuor clqdorlseler dler1 -ualod yo 1s11 3uo1 aql olq oB lou IIIM I 'aJIp aq uer sacuanbasuof, aI{J 'iln npu a^q a qy^+ asnl4 tno,luo sau17 3uo11nd nn'nrc\tr'dn slunotu raplJ a^rl eql aloJaq areyd ug druunp aql qlIM Suruq 3uo1 ;o sdep ,vral € puauuotral I

'Surlooqcs slql Jo ued prluassa ue s1 dn-3uq:eq taqruaruag dulunp eql lnoqll^t euop sP^! se 1sn[ 'ssarord 3u1u11 3uo1 aql leadar pue ule8e saurl 3uo1 eq1 qf,e]]e ppoqs nod 'lxap drurunp aq] Suldrrer alqelJoJ -Iuol sl aq llun uad punor aq] uI raluuf, pue 1or1 '>11em ol asJoq arl] MoIIe plnoqs nod 'ace1d ur raplr palepruls rnod qUM '(Wt'd aas) rapp drurunp a>Ill-ueumq rnod qre11e o1 paredard aJu nod'dlqego;tuof SuIuII 3uo1 asroq ^{ou Jnod pue 'are1d ur luarudpba sH] qllM 'Surrear;o uralqord aql Sulrnr o1 saluof, ]I uaqM lasse luar8 e aq d1en1ua,l'a 1yu. '1or1uor

rapun 'dn-3uplf,ug 'uolssas qrea Sutrnp sarurl sau11 3uo1 eql uo dn-8ur4ceq;o uos Ierelas

dn 4ce1 o1 paarord uet nod 'suo111puoc asaql rapun sa133o8 aql peldarre seq aq uaq6 'JaluuJ prre

1o4 '41e,t4. e le ]I oO 'luaurdpba s1q} Surrea.$, alqeuoJruof, sr aq leql arns aq ol asJoq appes E

punor Jo {Jeq eq} uorJ asroq rno,{ peel ro 'uad € ur alrrp-auq ro tooqrs-esool plnof, no 'Jaao padel saurop aq] Jo JIeq dol aql qtpr saISSoB aql Suueem 'dlqepo;ruor IaAeJ] uer asJoq rnod lqun taplr e ]noqllm sdep,ra.a; e a4ul 'uaq1 'se133o8 aqt ot ]uapnls rnod ruolsrn -Je lsru ol arrlrerd poo8 s1 u teql lsa8Sns I '(f g 'd aas) 3u11oo; aJes qlIM alnsolf,ua alnras e ur Suuear lerpauaJ;o suralqord aql qlIM >IJo'tr

dlpn1:e o1 ufaq nod ]sa38ns uaaq a^eq suossal qloq atruo

1 'paqslldurole dlenq aql ql!$

uorleradoor alaldruor aaalqf,e -Aes

aPEl

sn il

d slo

lu

de -md

pa -sn AI -ard -seld a

peder salq(

!II.I 'sJa

-poor a Jtr! 's3o a

-Fdc

s5--

-drnh

o1 suolssas 1ere

pue dn-u1of pqos e puaurruof,ar I '1ensn

atnpn04

3qlo,

'srareal Jo

sparpunq Surdpq aler ssaJJns qBIq 3 peq a^eq 'sal]ltpre Supu 1e 1 'anbruqral srql 3u1sn dfl dlprrperd JoJ eJes uleruar o1 dressarau sI leq IIe aos ol rurq 3u11qeua 'atuop aq1 1o geq rad -dn aq1 ruoq uoISIA slq DIJolq dpo anbpqral

slql'eas louuel aq araqm

oB o1

a>111

uef, E

UIJF A

l

lou saop

asroq V 'aloqe aas o1 dlqrqe s,asrot{ aq1 go 8up -1nqs 'sa133o3 aql;o geq do1 aq] relo adel ol st €apr aql 'sa133o8 uaerfs arIM aq] ro rrlseld aql

aJ

aJrapP '3r\

I recommend that you remain in the round pen until you have spent a minimum of two half-hour sessions with the horse showing no tendency to rear. Once accomplished, the rider can go outside the round pen, preferably with the saddle horse out in front. He should ride only in areas where the footing is good and the environment is safe. No tarmac or hard surfaces are appropriate for the remedial rearer at this stage. Once the horse is being ridden comfortably outside the round pen, be sure that he's allowed to move forward in a relaxed fashion. Do not ask your rider to achieve a "head set" until the horse is very comfortable being ridden forward. I find that rcanng is caused by riders who demand an extreme ',tuck.,, The dressage discipline has a particular

affinity for with the neck bowed and the chin tucked in. Ifgreat care is not taken during horses that travel

the training process when achieving this posi-

tion, the horse may resent the demands made on him and express his displeasure by rearing. There are other disciplines, too, where this potential is evident. Western reining, Tennessee Walkers and other gaited horse disciplines might experience this discomfort. When dealing with the remedial rearer it is wise to allow the horse the freedom to walk trot and canter with the head and neck in as natural position as possible. This procedure should continue for a sustained period appropdate to the depth of the rearing problem. I recommend that riders follow this more relaxed mode of riding until the horse negotiates all gaits easily, stops comfortably and backs-up without resentment. Should your student stop and refuse to go forward, you may consider taping off more of the goggles, leaving only the lower front quarter of the domes open to his vision. The use of the Giddy-Up rope can be helptul at this point

to accomplish a variety of tasks while curbing his tendency to rear. Review my section on schooling a horse to walk through water (p.125). There you will find several procedures that, when well accomplished, will help you in dealing with the remedial rearer. When you can cause your student to investigate frightening objects and quietly decide to pass through or over them, you are helping your horse's thought processes to the extent that he can deal with the potential for danger without acting out by rearing. After a month or two of rearing-free training, you can begin to remove the tape by cutting about % inch off the lowest portion. Repeat this process two or three times a week, until the tape is completely removed. If there is any hint of rearing during the removal processr you should add back a sufficient amount of tape to reestablish good behavior. The process can be repeated later until all of the tape is removed and rearing does not recur. The act of rearing is a lot of work for the horse, and it is not something he finds fun to do. He simply does

not rear for no reason. The knowing

horseman will thoroughly investigate and eventually pinpoint the circumstances causing the problem. Once the horse's vision has been restored

to an unimpeded state, the rider must take care not to send mixed signals. If he asks the horse to go forward, he must allow it to happen without so much as touching the reins. As I said earlier, many riders ask a horse to move forward and then, inadvertently, pull the reins as they feel the forward motion is too abrupt or fast. This is a bad habit. It is also important that you never require more work than is appropriate for your horse. An exhausted horse tends to revert to the type of remedial behavior that was previously effective in controlling his human partner.

p.157-158). Take the time to school the remedial rearer

(see

"t

54

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

95r ou rJooq o51,, '8u1des plo aql pr€aq ile a^eq aM'uopenlls ul^t-ul1!r Ielluassalulnb aq] a'req nod'1oo; s,asroq aq] Jo qlpaq aql Supordrul osle arnpaf,ord slql Jo uoplppe aq] qllM 'ssarord Supreal aql uI Sulua,ualul u€urnq ou sr araql 'dn las ]uarud1nba aql ta8 nod arug 'Jlasurq qf,ea] ol asroq aql sMoII€ ]l leql uI sldacuor dru o1u1 dlqelro;ruor s1g aslurard aq; 'uorlnlos luelsur ue seq ]eql suelqoJd ppaur -ar asoq] Jo auo s1 11 's8up Jo 1as pauu dpadord € qllm {rl{ ot anultuoJ plnoM }er{} lad asroq € punoJ Jaaau aAPq I '1t{31u aql Jo alpp1ru aql u1 lsodpaq aql uo ulqs rnod Suldrunq a411

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s8up;oog

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;o suralsed JnoJ IIe uo s8urr pasn 'dlluanbas -qns 'a.req I 'lle,vr ra>ll1rll e pue q],r,ror8 dqrpaU sa8urnorua Jooq aql ul poolq aql Jo uoFelnl -rrf, pasearlul aql leq] lualxa ue qf,ns o1 spueq dreuoroc aq1 sa8esseur s8utr asaql Surrea,u' 1eq}

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]€ql

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Jaulurl aql o1 pauleldxa 1 'epro;t1el uraqlnos ur >If,€rlaf,eJ aql uo rauleJl slq 01 u4q paurnl

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&e,&

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s,{1uoYt1

leql pelf,ar1p 1 'rol.tuqaq

8.33 Measure here to allow the

8.32 Hoof (also known as kicking) rings, fit on the coronary

rings to fit onto the Pastern.

8.34 How the rings work when the horse kicks.

band lust above the hoof. ;t/g

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C R,$D

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8.35 How the rings are made and where

the hole should be drilled to attach the ties. horse." Well, the use of these rings addresses this issue in a most exemplary fashion. You obviously remove the rings for riding and when you turn the horse loose in a field. One of the well-known cures for flaky or dry hooves when I was young was to obtain lamb bones, usually the leg ol cannon bones. We would then clean and polish them until they were white, put Reducine on them and massage the coronary band of our horses by the hour. It worked well, but it was very labor

intensive. Kicking rings do the same thing with far less effort. Before you put the rings on the horse, make sure that he is quiet and will allow you to pick

156

up his feet and responds to your commands. I suggest that you first school your horse with the Dually halter. Work with the horse to move forward and backward. Should he try to barge past you, let him run into the pressure of the Dually. Your horse will soon learn that he can release the pressure by staying close and mov-

ing with you. When the horse is ready, quiet and attentive, get your farrier or assistant to slide the rings onto the pasterns one at a time. This should be done with the Dually on and with the horse in full control. The rings should rest on the coronary band at the upper margin of the hoof. As the horse moves, a ring automatically massages the coronary band, stimulating blood flow to the area and promoting faster and healthier hoof growth.

How They Are Made The rings are made from black, iron-bar stock, % inch (approx. 15 mm) in diameter, shaped like a horse shoe. They fit on the pasterns, sitting on the coronary band just above the

hoof-the intention

is for them to massage the

coronary band. It is acceptable to place them on all four legs. They should be adiusted so that the openings iust rub against the pasterns at the narrowest spot just below the fetlock

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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continue this motion, increasing its intensity, while waiting for the horse to take any free steps forward. The rider should be diligent and watch for a positive response. The instant forward motion is achieved, the rider should cease to swing the Giddy-Up rope, and stroke the neck of the horse in congratulation. The rider might use clucking or chirping sounds during the use of the Giddy-Up rope to add to its effectiveness. By sending both visual and auditory cuesr you are likely to achieve the desired result. It is extremely important for any horse8.36 How the Giddy-Up roPe is used. chooses. The horse that will back comfortably and willingly, either from the ground or while

you are riding, is far less likely to be a balker than a horse not trained to back-up.

man to be reasonable in his demands where workload is concerned; you must never demand from a horse to the extent that you discourage his generosity. There is virtually no way to clearly outline here what is reasonable or unreasonable. It is, however, important that horse owners seek advice of professionals

Method of Schooling

about the extent of the workload. There are

One method I have devised is to first place ordinary blinkers on the horse so that he can't see behind. This is the type of blinker that closes off the rear half of the hotse's visual plane. As I

horses who can handle a hear.lz workload, and then there are those who are a great deal more

have said before,

ing into

a

a

horse has a difficult time go-

fragile. We must be diligent to watch for the signs of discontent when making demands on the energy reserves of our horses.

place he cannot see. With the blinkin front of the horse,

ers on, the door is open

but he is discouraged from moving backward. So, riding a horse with blinkers will sometimes be sufficient to discourage balking. If the blinkers are not sufficient to create a generous mover, I suggest the use of the GiddyUp rope. This rope is made from cotton fibers braided into a thick rope. At one end is a tassel, and at the other, a loop that fits over the wrist. The rope can be swung in an arc in front of the rider, meeting the horse just behind the rider's legs. Due to the nature of the material and the type of braiding, the rope cannot cause pain. The rider should swing the Giddy-Up rope left and right across the midline of the horse in a rapid back-and-forth motion. With the blinkers in place, the rider should be patient and

158

Monty's Points

.

Check for physical causes.

>r

Examine equipment to eliminate

pain production. >>

Do not use whips or painproducing devices.

,, Educate the horse to back-up well. ,, Use blinkers with rear half blocked

off.

''

Employ the Giddy-Up rope.

'

Be sensitive to the workload.

Chapter 8 / Tools of the Trade

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of the horse to dp the thin layers of tissue in that area. A horse with his intestines exposed by an opening in the peritoneal wall is as good as dead. The dog can trot alongside his prey, and just wait for the inevitable result. Nature, through survival of the fittest, has

provided for this shortcoming by allowing for the culling of those who run away from pressure, while rewarding those who would stop and press into it. Survival is far more likely

9.1 The horse has

the tendency to move

into pressure on the right side.

when the horse leans abruptly toward the biting dog, and then kicks flercely to drive him away. One can test this, taking care to avoid the kick zone,by pressing a flnger into the flank of an untrained horse. The horse will move into that pressure/ not away. This phenomenon is present in nearly all parts of the horse's anatomy, while it is most obvious in the rear and fore flanks. It is also true that certain parts of the human anatomy respond in a similar fashion. The human mouth, without any question, operates on an into-pressure basis. It seems to me that nature

9.2 Then, when pressure is applied on the left side, the horse moves to the left.

The cat and dog are the primary predators of the flesh of the horse. I believe that the ca-

nine influence has to do with the natural development of the horse as an into-pressure animal. An attack from dogs will generally focus on that soft portion between the hind Ieg and the rib cage. Should the horse simply blast away when the dog bites down, there is the strong possibility that the dog can grip tightly with his jaws, and use the momentum

160

provided this response so that we would not starve during all those centuries before dentists were available. It is clearly displayed by the human infant who will choose to bite on a firm object when teething. If we did not possess this tendency, we would refuse food during episodes of mouth pain, and such a situation would be life-threatening. I have explained my findings regarding into-pressure where horses are concerned so that you can understand and deal with it in an appropriate manner. It is true that we can train horses to move away from pressure. The sidepass movement is a perfect example of an exercise where a horse is trained to move away from the leg of a rider. It is just as true, however, that in the early days of schooling to achieve this, the horse will act instinctively and go into the pressure of the rider's leg. Nearly all parts of the horse's body will require training to move away from the pressure.

Chapter 9 / The lnto-Pressure Syndrome

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slq ]eql rru!Pr] rrturoJ aql -iq

-nq

aql leql alu IIal o] uo ]ua$. aH 'pa{le11e Supq sem 1eq+ ]ooJ aql qllll sdII aqt ur esroq eql {ll{ ol uaaq peq Jol^?qaq srql Sufernof,srp Jo poqlaun

T

Al

aql Jo looJ ar{} a8enes o} .ira pue Tlau s1q puaq 'srea s1q urd dlpralq plno-\r eH 'reprr srr{ Jo }aeJ aq} a}lq plnoM }eq} ssror{

l

I 'qlaal slq qll1v\ rapp

plol

e Jo

aru o1 lq8norq

se.^,\

se,r,r

aydurexa ue 'd1]uarag

uolssatttv to N'/ttnlqlpoqst1l

as

r -\f

:l t

'laat 6[ xo.rdde ueds6u;r* 's1rto1ua6ty (l) lspueq 71 '(asloq an.r1 1s.rr;) sn1Dqw snnbl (t) jlEol qluv\ 'spueq g'sndd1tqiltar4l eua)o!l (c) lspueq 71 'snddryory4 (t) upurnq (a) l1aa; g-2 uedsburrvr 'p.rgq {.ro1epa.rd auarog6; (v) :sazrs leurlue lo peqr uosuedruor y €'6

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,".v5 '.

9.5 The horse survives by pressing

into the canine predators and kicking.

bating. Knowledgeable horsemen have come to understand that distracting a horse, rather than being aggressive, is far more effective. Hitting or spurring the horse on the right side of his neck or body to get him to turn left, or vice-versa, falls into the same category of equine psychology. It is normally not very effective and can create many serious problems. To hit a horse on top of the head for rearing is equally ineffective, and causing pain to the area of the horse's nose as he attempts to bite you is unacceptable horsemanship. As outlined earlier, I suggest that whipping the racehorse is a breach of these principles also. He will eventually resent the whipping, and actually run slower (p.101 ).

Timber Timber was sent to me because he refused to load into a trailer. He is joined in this particular aversion by thousands of horses around the world. Timber had evidently been loaded into a trailer with a low roof, which frightened him. This caused him to thrust his head upward and sustain an injury to the top of his skull. This had effectively set Timber on a course of going into the pressure he perceived as coming from

',62

the roof of the trailer. The owners explained to me that it had been more than two years since they acquired Timber and that his phobia was well in place when he flrst arrived on their property. It so happens that the stall door in their barn had a beam over it that allowed about 8 feet (approx. 2.5 meters) clearance. There was no way to convince Timber that he should pass through that door. Their stable was set up with corrals attached to the barn, which allowed in and out movement. There was a gate into the corrals from the outside. The construction of the gate was such that there was a 2-inch pipe over the corral gate about 10 feet (approx. 3 meters) above the ground. They could convince Timber to go through that gate, but only after several minutes of coaxing. When he agreed to pass through the gate, either going in or out of the pen, it was a blast at full gallop, with his head raised as high as possible actually trying to bash into the horizontal pipe. The owners learned to live with this, but had to feed and water Timber in the corral as there was no way he would pass through the door into the stall. He remained in the corral through tlvo years of weatheq either storms or heat, depending on the season. To consider loading Timber into a trailer was a joke. He would not go near a trailer or pass under the roofline of my round pen. The roof of the trailer was like a magnet for the into-pressure urges of Timber. The intopressure phenomenon expressed by this horse was of the strongest magnitude. Survival of the flttest had taught Timber to go into the potential for pain in an attempt to survive. My next step was to use the piece of equipment that I had developed for rearing horses described earlier on page 151. But in Timber's case, the "rearing goggles" were used to take away the sight of the overhead object. When they were in place, Timber walked through his stable door without hesitation. Each time I removed the goggles, Timber

Chapter 9 / The lnto-Pressure Syndrome

t9l pue

dluoqs dra'l' l€q] puelsrapun IIIl't asroq dru 'spuoras raqlo du ql1rt ssarord aql leadar I 3a1

er"uo.rpu,{5

aJnssald-olul a\L I 6 ja1deql

'pal)olq s1 uorsrn.raddn slq lltoq eloN paxelal y l'6 Jo lno sdals .raqurl

'lallerl aql

aq}

'{fau uatr ]seal ]e ro; paxelar dllelo] 1ls aql uo a>loJls e asroq aq] a43 'derte arnssard aql ]V 'asuodsar a,ulrsod e ]aB I luelsul pue

a4e1

'3a1

1

aqrlo alour o] rulq la8 uer 11pun

Sai

du

aq] ol apls leql duinq ol anulluof, I 'arual dut o}ul dem aql IIe aru a{el ol dpualruJns SaI

qllm

sao8 asroq aq] JI 'alnssard aql qlF't anulluor I du ,3aI oJul seuror aq JI 'apIS slq ]sule8e s8ai aql qful auo ssard uaq] I 'Jeu'Iof aq] urorJ os Jo Jo

ue p€aq slq qll^{ asroq aq] dols eq

1

'acua; e ro

ppoqs ]I 'rauro:)

ile.,rl e Jo raurof, aar8ap-96 01 ll punoJ e olur asroq aql aplr 01 e^ItrlaJJa aq deme a,teq 1 '3a1 s,replJ P Jo arnssard aql ruor; P

alotu asroq aq1 SuIAour sellolur ernssard-11o aql Jo auo 01 asroq e Sututerl u1 sleo8 dreupd atnssatd JJo a^oht oI

asnH

aLItr

Eututo.[ '[IIq

a,\oq€

e Surztlrsuasap Jo paulrra] sI treq] asJoq slql punoJ 1 'lralqo ;o dem a^rlraJJa u€ aq ol

slralqo

w 'uo11ra1o.rd Peeq e^lsualxe qll^r lalreJl aql slalua JeqLu!I 9'6

pllos e ]aeur ol slduralle s,raqulJ Surpe't'tq] dq 'qrlarls ol ]I llioll€ ppoM IeFaleu aql Jo -araq1

arnleu aql'1I olul qseq

o1

d4 pue aluels uelJo

plnom raqrull']q8laq Ieurrou ]e p€aq slq qlllt srea slq paqqnr ilels aq] punore pa>Ile^^ aq se ,{1pra1r1 }l II}un dep e (rur 9'Z) qrul ue lnoq? pue (sralaru g 'xordde) 1r para,ttol dlpnper8 'pa1sn[pe aq plno] Ia^aI looJ-6 aq] ]e uPSaq 1 pa8uerre 1 's}ue1d ]q81aq sll leqt os Sutltar slql Jlaql epeqs o1 salrasrnu uapreS dq pasn leql

ol rellurls qsaru uoldu e Jo apeu 1e1s srq ur 3u1 ol pappap I slql qsllduloJtre oJ'ureq]

-Iar

e xU

aas d11en1:u

ppol

aq uaqm peaq slq a^oqe

spalqo q]lM alqeuoJr[of, aq o] JequIJ esnel o] ]xau dtvueaq pooM

se,u. '1t aas

plnol

1

se '1eo8

pue

aq] ]aeru ol ]dualle ue ul qJ€ar preu.dn peaq slq ]snrql pu€ llasrulq les plnom eql raqIuIJ'a1q1ssodru1 d11en1rt't' allq6'JooU d1pra111

ueaq a.toqe (sralau 9'7 'xordde) laa; 3 [1reau peaqra^o ue lreluof, o] ldrua]le ppom aq }eq} palou aq plnoqs ]I 'Ilels slq olul >ll€^^ 01 pasnJer

d*f

g'

Ki

moving off my leg gets him rewatds, which are cessation of pressure and a period of relaxation' Normally, in a very short time, I can walk my body horse into the corner and move his entire

with

ease

in either direction' Once I have

ac-

I becomplished this routine in a corner, then of center the in request gin to make the same Do results' ihe riding ring expecting favorable are not hesitate to return to the corner if you

not making satisfactory progress' I do not believe it is necessary to use spurs you early in this training procedure' The softer better' can be to gain the desired results, the Should you wish to use spurs later, you should remember that they are for communication only, not to inflict pain. The spur should be your looked upon as an instrument that puts contact point closer to the horse for better communication. To ensure that I never cause pain, my spurs are covered with rubber' but

the leg without spurs is far better in the early stages of schooling. Into-pressure is a response that the horseman needs to deal with when educating a horse to accept communication sent through the reins and the bit. There are many ways to initiate the process of requesting your horse to

yield to the bit or the hackamore' The primary the objective is to create an environment where horse drops his chin away from the bridle or

headgeaq and lowers his neck' At this point' it is your obligation to reward the horse by releasing any pressure on the reins' You can again

ride into the corner, pick up the reins and drive the horse slightly forward with your legs moving him into the headgear' When he yields to the pressure, reward him with a release' The elements of into-pressure can be initieven before riding by bitting the horse up ated

with side reins. It is advisable to have elastic in the reins so that the horse intrinsically learns through first applying pressure to himself' and then achieving release of that pressure by dropping his head away from the headgear'

164

can be You should be aware that the softer you

with the demands of your hands, the lighter

insist the mouth you are likely to create' If you techniques' hear'y-handed on using harsh and presthe horse is likely to require that level of sure throughout his life'

Storting Gotes Even if you have no connection

with racing'

you can still benefit greatly from this section' to because these principles are applicable including equine behavior in all disciplines, leisure riding. I have worked extensively with horses (also that have problems with starting gates parts all to travel I known as starting stalls)' have of the world to work with racehorses that become negative at the starting gate because betheir inherent nature is misunderstood and

out cause of the subsequent use of force meted deal to by track workers. It is far more difficult

with horses that have taken the law into their own hands than it is to deal with the young and unsPoiled.

For decades now most equestrians involved in this process have used extrinsic training' I

force define extrinsic training as the attempt to the to external is It knowledge on the student' the lets brain of the student. Intrinsic training brain of the student learn from within' This allows the student to draw into the brain information voluntarily. This is a far more effective way of learning than when information is forced upon you from external sources' In fact' most horses will be broken to comply with the will demands made of them' Some, however' phoresent this harsh treatment and become

bicly resistant to the starting gate' These

are

the ones I am asked to reform' When a racehorse first enters the starting gate, feeling the sidewalls intruding into the is to lean a.ea of his flanks, his natural reaction life-threatening a be to into what he perceives

Chapter

9 lThe lnto-Pressure

Syndrome

991 'uie8e oB ot dPear aq Pu€ 'uollrl

auo.rpu,(5 aJnssald-olul eqL

-gnb aq

I 6la1deql

ppoqs asroq aqJ 'aruarradxa lsru asroq e ulell

aLI]

of

pasIAaJ a,Leq 1 'dleltsulJlul Suqulqt aQ -aduror eql Sulraque:Lruat .iqBrg arelp dlqeqord illm pulur stq 'e1e3 aq] srelua eq sV -aru{ul o}ul pJeMJoJ asJoq aq} ssard o} //uolsens 'unJ se 1I MaIA o1 d1a111 st aq 'ale8 Suprels aq] 'ro} -rad,, ielsdqd pue 1ero.t qloq asn 1q31ru dapot 01 ua{el sI asroq Sunod aq} aLuI} lxau aqJ aqJ'pasualer are sele8 aq] lualuolu aq] slroq -3r^ aq] si aq ]eq] >lulql o1 rurq Sursnu: ',sastoq aq] ro sdlq aq] uo rurq 3uq1rq dq asroq aqr Sut,tour-.tto1s aq] ]sed utq ssard IIIM raplr sa8ernotua rauleJl aql 'uaUO 'pJeMJoJ unr ol slq pue ralseJ unr o1 ur8aq IIIM eH 'uot1t1ad sasJoq aql 8ulaar; dqaraql 'uado dg o] salpS -urol se uraql allalrad pue sauo Jeplo aqt aas aq] sasneJ qJIqM paqsnd sI uo]lnq e '1xa,1 'paads Jo eler raq31q e 1e IIIM asroq Sunod aq1 'lsute8e aladruor ol Sulo8 sI aq sraqlo pJeMJoJ oB o] turq a8ernorua o1 ur8aq Japlr slq ^\al p qllm ale8 Surlrels e olur ]nd sr asroq e '3ut plnoqs 'uaql diuo pue 'uaql 'a1e3 aqtr Jo realr -urerl Jo poqlau rlsulrlxa aqt ul 'dfleuoFtpP]l os ro (sratraru 91 'xordde) leal 09 sI asroq 3uno"( asnH plpauatr aql aql aruo 'aled uols e le raluef ]sn[ o] pa]Jnrls qulwgutry)aQ -ur uaaq a^eq IIIM sasloq raplo eq] uo sraplr aq1 d1a'Lr1e1ua1 eltnb JI uala Mo11o; d1elaua8 'ls.ru raurroJ aq] qll^^ Ieep III-\! pue aleal daql se sesroq Jeqlo eq] qrle'tt d1p I 'l€urrue alnssard-olu1 ue dlaleuut sI asrou -nsn ill,,rl aH 'tulq;o palradxa sI ]eqM Suur'ou>1 aql ]eq] lleJ aq] dq pasner sr uralqord raqlc' 1ou '11a,ra.p 1q31ur auo paruarradxaur 'la8unod aql pue 'ured pue JeeJ sepnlful dlpnsn qrlq'\1 aq] allq.ta.'dlalepaurur eleal sasroq raplo aqJ 'Sutlooqrs llalJolul dq pasner sI auo 'eel€ 'lualrs sul€ural auodlala 'pauado ere sale8 aq] slq] ul sualqo.rd;o saddl ol,r] are araqJ uaqM'sasJoq paruarradxa alour o,tr] Jo auo 'a^rsnrlul IaaJ IIIM sa1e3 aql d1a1t1 a:ort o1 ]xau rulq Suneid 'a1e8 stq o1u1 paliem dpa aql 'as.roq aq1 ra8rel aq1 's1dal -uor ,(u Jo ]JuJl ,{La,ta lsureFr 'apt,rlrpllorlt 6u;re.r uo;; sao8 pue '1n;ssallnsun dllensn s Jsroq e JJroJ ol 3u1,{11 'aruer1c. tp.mfrulJ

pauueq sei!{ aq pue tulq lnoqllM unl sP/v\ a)eJ aql'qleap elqls -sod pue;ea;'uged o1 asuodsal ,{.reuo1}n;ona ue 6ur1q6r; a'rarur ueur asoql'Jalsuotu 6ur,(;r.r.ra1 e se ll pa!+lluapr aq a:uo a1e6 Ourl.rels aql olu!

sellulol l;nd.ro qsnd

1ou

plnol uau autp 9'6

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Surur: ueJI or

al{l: Surl

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.

]no p -aq

p;

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-urol pueluap ot ldualle ue ut s8utql asaqt Jo uolleulquol e lc

l

sll osii

'suteql dt1 'saqrlt,tr1 'sdtq,tt esr'lq8pr ag 'sueaur snoIJeA dq uttq ueql o1 st druapual s,uPI\ ']so:,{ue }e saleB aq} olul 3ur

s

a, ---

af,roJ

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'roll '3ur

e sr araq]

aceld snora8ueP e

s1

ale8 Sutlrels

aq] leql asJoq aql a)uIAuOJ Ol dlduirs sIqJ 'rolleqeq slql

sa,Lras

roJ urlq qsrund o] lduraue

ut

ur asJoq aqr dlqm IIIM lalpuEu ro da>i:oI aq] ueUO 'uoll€nlt!

-sa:c 'sanbr lSrSUr

lal aq u€

The horse trained extrinsically will probably be reluctant to go into the gate' Once he is forced, the horse trained ln this manner will be nervous and unruly. His mind is likely to be thinking backwards. He is likely to concentrate on his hip or hocks, where the whips were ap-

plied previously. It is at this point horses will often tend to incriminate the footrails and will develop a phobia against them. The intrinsically motivated horse is happy to go into the gate and looks forward to competing. During the second session, he still flnds his rider remaining quiet. When the gates spring open, this young horse reacts more quickly, and passes the older horses earller than he did the flrst time. I flnd that three

9.9 The protection afforded by the blanket, from a side view.

or four of these educational sessions will produce a racing prospect that is far more effective at the starting gate than the extrinsicallY motivated individual. In 1991, I was called to GermanY to deal with a three-year-old Thoroughbred. Lomitas was a beautifully conformed, well-bred chestnut that had earned the title, "ChamPion 9.ro Monty, with Simon Stokes up, schooling a young Two-Year-Old in GermanY" in 1990. horse to the starting stalls with the blanket' Due to circumstances not entirelY known to me, Lomitas had obviously concluded that starting gates were a dangerous place to be, and he was willing to Rght tenaciously against entering them. Nine men were unable to achieve loading through force' I met him, didJoin-Up with him and convinced him through communication and trust that there was no reason to fear the starting gate. Lomitas was the 1991 Horse of the Year in Germany, and the highest-rated horse ever produced in that country through his perfolmances and earnings.

The Monty Roberts Blanket 7n 1992,I designed a piece of equipment to help the horse by protecting his vulnerable

166

9.rr Attachment of the blanket to the starting gate, as Monty watches a horse being schooled'

Chapter

9 lThe lnto-Pressure Syndrome

t9l ol asnJar pue uolllpuof snol^ard aql o] uJnlaJ lq8Itu asroq aq] pue 'uorlralord eql eloureu 'dlpurrou sate8 aqt Supteal pue IIaM Supiro't't' sr asroq aql aJuo paprelslp sI la{u€lq aq} }eql esr^pe ]ou op I 'a^Isnqe sraplsuor aq sller aql raaolsrpar ol esroq rlqoqd aql l,tolle o] a^ilf,np -ordralunor s1 11 'sdep e)er uo pue Surlooqrs qrea q8norqt }a{uelq aq} ream ppoqs addl slq] Jo sasroH 'ale8 aql sralua eq arul] lxau aql uorlralord peppe slql;o a8elue.l'pe aq] repls -uof, ol aurl] asroq aql 3u1lea1 'a1ou a,L11tsod e uo uolsses qJ€a pua

ol uolJa dra.la

auo.rpu,{5 alnssald-o}ul aqL I 6.re}deq1

'11e.r

6uruun.r e a^eq lou oP sale6

aql leql a1o1 'puno.r6 aql ulor, 6ur;ooq>s ,(1uoy11 gtlm'dn sl salols uol'lllS 'asrno)a)er ',{uetu;ag'uaulaJg }e sa}e6 6ututel} aq1 €t'6

atuo.rpu',(

'palooq) 6u11le1s;

a>1eur

I 'sqluout lera.\as o1 dep auo urorJ e{Pl u€r sIql 'rualqord aql Jo dlFa^es aq] uo Supuad -aq 'uado sale8 aqt qlllt sllels aq1 q8norql asroq aq] 3un1e1 '1a1ue1q aq] qllm Iooqrs aJuo pue 'lsrg 1 'paqsrlqelsa uaaq seq lsnrl asrol{ aq} q}IM dn-ulof alalduror sde'up 1

'la)uPl( 6uno{

'aJJoJ JoJ Paau due

Jalau sem eJaqJ 'esJoqa:er Suruurm e aureJaq aq ']a{uelq eql q}lm urlq palord o1 q8noua lue^Jasqo s€M I uaqM 'slle^^ aAISeAUI aql ruorl Jlasulq ]ralord o1 raSrt e e{Ir }q3U plnoM ag 'elqoqdorlsnelr 3ur:nput 'SutualqBIJJ pue Ilerus eq o1 sliels Suilrels aq] paraplsuoJ aH 'aJrlou s/luaurour e uo JallDI e ro 'ueural]ua8 lraJrad e aq plnoJ ssau>lJe6;o aourr4 'pue1 -3ug '1a>lreuma Jo uolsarcl {rel tr rr5 dq paulerl '11or parqq8noroqJ Jllalqle pue a3re1 dra,t e

aql

s!

'rua;qo.rd aql Jo asne) ualro ]eql ller (6u1uun.r) eprs aq1 z t'6

'ssau>1req Jo aJulrd dq ra4uelQ aql 1o drualr -uJa pue roJ peeu aql o1 palefnpa se^{ I

'sale8 aq] sa^pal asroq aql se JJo la>luelq aql IInd o] }u€p -ua]]p ue sMolle srql'paddeus st ador P qrlqM

olul laluelq aq] Jo rear aq] ol paqlelle sl Surr V 'slr€J erll Jo uopelntutls Suilouue aq] ruorJ asroq aql Jo sapls eAIJISuas aq] sllelord la{ -uelq arIJ 'sda>poI eql;o s8al aq] pue ]aal eq] lralord o1 pau8rsap sale8 ile uI punoJ suolsnr] -o;d are asaql 'sale8 Sutlrels aq] Jo sIIeM aplsul aq] Suop unr leq] sller Jo ]laJla aq] uolqsnJ ol se,tt a.Ltlralqo dreupd eqJ 's{loq aq} o} umop sdrq aqt ra,Lo saderp pue alpp€s eq] pulqaq slu ]Pq} ]a{uelq paladrer-alqnop e sI }I 'seare

t

enter. Once properly schooled, minimal effort is required to continue this process, and I feel

that it is well worth it.

Blushing ET Blushing ET was brought to Flag Is Up Farms in November of 7997. He was a beautiful, athletic, chestnut Thoroughbred who had been banned from the track due to a violent phobia against starting gates, and a deep-seated distrust of humans. I was sure that I would be able to get,him back to Santa Anita for the start of the racing season on December 26. When I began to work with him, I realized that I was dealing with a new dimension in troubled horses.

Blushing ET dived at me with teeth bared when I went to put the protective blanket on him. The flrst few days were devoted to securing the blanket and getting him to enter an enclosed area. Getting him into the gate itself was absolutely out of the question. Despite

daily visits to the gates with his work rider, Blushing ET showed no improvement. In the stable he was kind, agreeable, and allowed himself to be groomed, bandaged and blanketed. Anywhere near the gates, he became

dangerous. If we put anything like long lines around his hocks, he exploded. I was convinced it was the side-rails that had started this phobic behavior; however, I was astonished that using the blanket, and hours of work had not produced the hoped-for effect. One evening, I was watching a football game on television, when I realized I barely knew who was playing. My mind was fixed on Blushing ET. I decided to tackle the problem. T enlisted some help and drove to the round pen. I saddled up my Quarter Horse, Dually, checked the reins back to the saddle, and left him standing in his stall. To this day I do not know why I did that-perhaps subconsciously I knew I might need Dually's helP. I then saddled Blushing ET, but left the

168

stable blanket on. I did this to lessen the effect of the long lines near his hip and stifle. Once in the round pen, he was iust as violent as he had been without the stable blanket. As I worked, his anger increased. Teeth bared and ears back, he flew at me. My assistants opened the pen door letting me out. The more I thought about it, the more I realized that the abuse he had received because of trainers' attempts to cope

with his natural aversion to the starting

gates

had only compounded his phobia. The harder they whipped him, the more terrified he became. I tried another tack and tied bits of cloth onto the stirrups so that they dangled along his sides. His behavior wotsened. The cloths were

soon ripped to shreds by his violent kicking' Every time I faced him with the long lines, he became violent, almost nailing me with his

deadly feet. I decided it was time to enlist the help of Dually. I rode Dually into the round Pen, and from his back, carefully attached a long line to Blushing ET's halter, and began to drive him

with one line. The kicking continued with extreme violence. When the long line was put over the hips and allowed to drop to the hock, he kicked, bit and struck out with his feet, twice

making strong attacks on Dually. Each time I jumped Dually forward, I would throw my arms up to avoid the charge of a very angry

Blushing

ET.

I continued astride Dually, and very gradually, Blushing ET began to learn to stop kicking. When he got quiet, I took off the long Iine, thus rewarding him for his good behavior. With his adrenaline gradually going down, he could assimilate the information I was giving him that the line was not a whip, and was not going to cause him pain. That evening marked a turning point in my work with him. We continued with the routine at the gates with considerable improvement. Howevet, he was still so phobic about them that he rushed to get through as quickly as possible, and was still a Chapter 9 /The lnto-Pressure Syndrome

691

auo.rpu{5 ornssard-olul oqL / 6.ra1deq1 -Surlrels aql pesn d11n;ssarrns l,rou eleq I drlsnPur

'sauudlJslp snolr€A aql o] Iellllrf, senssl aroldxa

ol

suortrsaSSns aseql esn

plnoqs Jap€ar aqJ

'sasroq pue sueunq Jo dlqsuo4elar aq1 slJaJJu eJnssaJd-olul aJaI{^{ seaJe aql Jo MaJ € dluo are uaAIS a^eq Il€ql saldlu€xa aql'sasroq rno Surlernpa ueqm alllrnpordralunoc are ]eql sanbruqral Jo asn aql uI llnsal o1 d1a4t1 sI lpsl -ra]f,ereql slql pu€]srepun o] arnlled 'raare: dru a^eq I strtreJ

]noq8norq] a8elue.tpe dru

o1 pasn

luelrodrur ]soru aql Suoure sI ]I ]eq] a^auaq I 'aroJaq passnf,slp dlarer uouaruouaqd e Jo ra^o plroM aql srauleJl urJoJuI o1 alJes 11.tr arnssard -olul uo raldeqr slql ]eq} adoq du s1 11

'(srrd

,,'Bu1peo1,, uollf,as aq]

q

peqlJlsap se uolqseJ

aues aq] ur pasn uaqM a^Ilf,eJJa

sI trI

'ale3

3uFrets aq] ]e pauprl e^€q I leql sasroq II€ qil.t,t Ioo] alqenle^ dlaruarlxa ue se,r,r ralpq d1e -ncT aq] leql ples aq plnoqs 1I 'uoqs ]nf uaaq dla{ll }soru '}I lnoqllm '}eq1 sraalel

a,teq p1nou.

Surnurluor '1a4ue1q aql 3u1sn uorJ peuuauaq a.\Pq sasroq Jo spuesnoql'asn u^\o JIaq] JoJ ep?u ruaq] a^€q ol aldoad pa8ernocua a,l'eq 1 pue uorlua^ur slq] lualud lou pp I 'plro1v\ aq] 00I ralo uo 1a>1ue1q ale8

lnoq8norql

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I I

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i I

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01

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pa\r lou 3r

dlpug

aq'r 'roL\

-np

slql

-{

pue seurl 3uo1 uaq] 'alppes e pappe d1pnl -uala I 'passed sdeq 'araql srnoq luads ar14 'ale8 SuFrels aq] uo {ool

-]no slq Suqsn[pe uI af,Ilap Suruterl

,r,reu

I

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seM

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-

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Ia ef,rrrl

'{ro

aql aplslno lls sll€1s ralno eql lale8 Suprels rauul aql spu€ls Ie^o aql uo lutod

l

e Jo IIPIS

auo

rult{

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-xa

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a

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{Jerl arIJ 'I{slug ol ue}s uroq

(sralaru 99 'xorddu) laal 00I ueq] erolu ou sl aJrlap eloqM aql 'surn] Ileus olt] pue sde.tre -lq8lerls uoqs o,vrl qlIM le^o uV '{lerlaler arnlelulru e a{II s{ool atrIlap srql 'peaqra.to uroJc 'salfrltr ut Sut,toru uorJ uoJluoJ pug sleurlue pJaq pue 8u1urea1 Jo Inos pue ueeq aql sl uoqpadag 'seldpulrd o,tt] uo s>Irom ]I 'a1e8 eql 8ul^eal uodn ,,'de.r,r11eq aql,, lI 1et 1 umop ruII 3upr,r.o1s ol uollnlos e snql pue 'af,r.ap lrau € qlIM dn aruor o1 papaau I uotl -eurJoJur aql qllM aru papptord 1g 8ulqsn1g 'uorlua.tu1 Jo raqlou aql SulaQ dllssarag 'Jalleul l/uplp ]I 'aur ua^a pue sllel aprs 'saur1 3uo1-ra4ce1le aql ill{ o} ldualle uaql plnom all 'ernssard snora8uup

drala

aqr

s aq'1 '3 eJe-r

sq 3 qIOIJ -e JapJe salPl -aJ

a pe

lnoq ua

'{req

a>1eu

pPq a

se^t aq 13q] dllerlleulerp pa.l'ord aposrda dra'ra '1g 3u1qsn1g qlIM dlqsuollelar dru ul ]ulod slql o] dn 'apueq o1 asrorl snora8uep dra-r

'pa{

pallarrad aq leqm olul Suro8 uo luacl

aq o1

ur aJu( ]JaJJa

The Pull-Bock Horse Monty's Points >r

lnto-pressure is instinct driven.

Horses are into-pressure all over their bodies. o We should train our horses to move off leg pressure. ,, lt is beneficial to train our horses to yield to bit pressure. > lnto-pressure can negatively affect our horses at the starting gate. > Protect your horse from what he believes to be dangerous. >r Use a protective blanket. >, The area of the head is critically affected by into-pressure. qoggles can aid with the ', Rearing fear of objects above. " The student of the starting gate should thoroughly under the intopressure syndrome. > lt is instinctual for a horse to press into the sides of the starting gate. >r Horses can be trained to move away from pressure. " Harsh treatment is seldom very effective. " Do not use whips or any other means of pressure from behind. > Do not force the horse to leave the

"

gates fast.

> Protect the sides of the phobic horse

"

with the blanket.

Panels to create the hallway are effective.

> Use the Dually halter and become

proficient in the elements of its use.

170

Virtually everyone who has owned

a

horse has,

at some time, experienced an episode where the horse pulls back while tied. Early in the horse's training, if he pulls back and everything is strong enough to withstand the pressure

without breaking, your horse will generally imprint in his brain that pulling back is not good. Should your horse pull back and cause something to break free in the process, you are likely to have a phobia set in where the horse feels compelled to pull and break anything he is tied with. Two or three of these episodes will virtually assure you of a pull-back horse. The into-pressure phenomenon takes over in this case, and you can watch your horse glaze over,

roll high in his head, and then with utter determination he will pull with all his might. The phobic pull-back horse can break what a normal horse could not come close to breakeyes tending to

ing. He will crouch his body low and strain with all four legs in the ground to pull with every ounce of his power. If something breaks at this point, it is very likely that he will shoot over backward and often injure himself seriously. When this occurs, it simply exacerbates

the problem as it further convinces the horse that he has to break his tie. Pulling back can obviously occur any time the horse is tied; however, certain activities are more likely than others to evoke it. When the horse is standing tied with comfortable,

proper-fitting equipment in a quiet location, the potential for pulling back would be at the lower end of the spectrum. The condition that is most likely to promote it is when the handler opens the rear portion of a trailer before untying the horse. This is a red-letter mistake. The confinement, footing and sound all combine to create an extremely dangerous environment for your horse. In general, horses that fly out of the trailer can easily produce iniuries to people

Chapter 9 / The lnto-Pressure Syndrome

ttt 'lnu pue.laqse/v\ (o) ipua Jaqlo aql uo papeeJql'pue euo u! a^e qll^{ por ()) 11sod (a) 11;em (v) 'paq)el}e eq ol sl aa6unq aql q)!q/v\ ol lsod aqlh'6

ar.uorpu{5 arnssard-olul at4L

/ 6'ra1deq1

'1e1 (sralaur 9'1 'xordde) laal 9 a,teq daql g lnoqe are leql slaued (sralaur 7 'xordde) 'xordde) looJ-?I oml asn ueql I '(ralau 1

q

3uo1 1aa; € ]noqe sI l€ql 8uF aql '4req-11nd e Iooqtrs o] aredard I 1

aP e areld

uaq6

'suorsnrlord due ;o aar; sr Pue

'1aa1s

qlootus qll^^ pala{le[ poor,t;o apeu sI lervr d1a1 'punor8 aql JJo (sralaur 7 'xotdde) leal I lnoqe peap 3up aql ro; ldarxa pue raluatr aql

'ssalaJnlPa] pue

q

qloous

sr 1l 'aprs s/asJol{

aql

tuoq II€^,l aql l\,lal^ nod uaq14 'a1od ramod aql pue lle^{ aql qSnorql saoS luql 11oq 8uo1 e uo 8uF all e seq ]I 'IIeM al{l Jo ra}uaf, aql uI pue

'lr a/

pulqaq lsnl a]alJuof, u1 las alod ra'r'tod (utr t€ 'xordde) qrul-tl e sI araqJ'qr8ual ur (sralaru g 'xordde) \aa1 vZ pue (sralaur 9'g 'xordde) q8rq laa; 1q31a '1pr't qloolus 'pt1os e a'req 1

atnpaJotd 'ralpu€q asroq lualadruo:

'deus aql pue aa6unq aqt

9l'6

dlaurartrxa ue to 'teuterl leuorssa;ord e eq sarnp -arord eq] salnf,axa oq,nt uosrad aql teqt lsa8 d11pre; rnod se asolJ se sarnp -Sns

1

'u.o11e 1p,tr

-a:ord dur aleurrxordde ot nod

'r'r'o1p

pu€ puau

-ruolar I leqm dlpexa nod o1 upldxa o] a^Ipnp -ord lsour sI ]l {ulq} I 'sluftc dn s1 3eg 1e aur o] lq8norq uauo ere 4req 1nd leql sasJoH 'urq 3u1d1 ueqtr raql€J sPueq rno'L qllm urlq loJluotr nod'esroq rnod Suqppes pue 3u1ppq uaqm leql puaururoral 1 os 'pa1dural -1€ araM sarnparord aseql aIIqM {ceq 8ur1nd Jo

'peq)elle

st

]uappul u€ urorJ sruals slql saurrl due11

'pappus palprrq Sulaq lnoqe paualq8q ro aft leql suotlerlsuoruaP dru le sasrol{ q}IM pa}uasard uago

aa6unq eql araqm pue 'lle/v\ eqt 9t'6

ue 1 '>1req 3u11Pd ro; Ierlualod aql sasearJul pap aIIqM asroq ro SuqPug

aq1 SuqPPes

']slg rutq Purqaq :boP aq1 3u1sop

lnoqll\r tallerl aql

dlarnras

asrorl e aA D^au

Suruado aloJaq asroq aql Sulu -un o] uolllppe uI'sa^Iasluatp IIaM se eplslno sl€urlue Jo 01 se

horizontal bars and are constructed of very strong material. I fix a panel to each end of my solid wall. I put a steel fencepost in the ground just outside each panel at the point where it makes an intersection with my wall. I then move the two outer ends of the panels toward each other until they are 16 feet (approx. 5 meters) apart. At that point, I put a 16-foot panel in position so that it joins the two panels together. I then set two more steel posts to secure the intersections of those panels. This creates a "D"-shaped enclosure, with my large wall being the flat portion of the "D," and three portable panels creating the semicircle portion. The wall and panel configuration can vary, as long as it is safe. This arrangement lets me uncouple the panels at a junction and lead my horse into the D-shaped enclosure wearing a high-quality, unbreakable halter. With caution, I fix the tie to the halter and exit quickly along the wall, climbing over one of the panels. It is critical that whoever attaches the tie can physi cally move quickly and smoothly out of harm's way. A horse that pulls back, and then jumps

forward, can cause serious injury. The tie I use is very important in this procedure. I suggest a commercially produced stretch tie. A 3-foot (approx. 1 meter) length will stretch to about 10 to 12 feet (approx. 3 to 4 meters) before it gives your horse anything solid to pull on. At that point, your horse's hindquarters are up against the panel, restricting him from pulling back any further. Usually, the horse will freeze in the pulling position, and the elasticized tie simply keeps pulling until he yields. A few days of this will usually produce a horse that no longer pulls. I suggest that you continue to tie the horse up exclusively with an elasticized tie for a year or so. It is important to tether only to substantial objects more than 5 feet (approx. 1.5 meters) above the ground. I have experienced a high level of success using this procedure, and I strongly recommend it for anyone who has a horse with this problem.

172

9.r8 The "D" enclosure for schooling the pullback horse. Five-panel configuration shown.

9.r9 The horse is being led to the enclosure; note the doubled lead rope.

9.zo Close up of doubled lead rope-tie elastic in place.

Chapter 9 / The lnto-Pressure Syndrome

ELL

auo.rpu{5 alnssald-olul

aLlL

/

6'ra1deq1

'alnsol)ua ales s!ql u1

aq leql 'e!l aql louuel lParq aql 5z'6

e;qoqd

'{enn

saz!lear aq Jeue la!nb sauo)aq asJoq

srLl

qll/!{ leop ot }lal s! aslotl aq1 €z'6

aql;o }no

Xe}s

ol In}are)

s1

'aft pe

uosef zz'6 E

ia

ii,

'a

ril

li li

'paFueql a^Pq salnl eql leql spu$ lnq '>1req qlnd ol

sldualle

as.roq aq1

'llP/v\

iz'6

aql ol esrot{ lreq-1|nd

e speol uosef

tz'6 't -il

Monty's Points ,, Using my method, the horse will become comfortable because he can release the pressdre instantly by moving forward. Pulling back should be regarded

',

equine Phobia. ,, Pulling back is a symPtom of the phenomenon of into-Pressure: as an

> Pulling back can be extremelY dangerous for horse and human. > Pulling back should be dealtwith only by exPerienced horsemen. > Do not allow a hcrse to stand tied in a trailer without secure closure

behind him. >,

I recommend untYing the horse

before bridling and saddling.

The Cinch-Bound SYndrome The behavior whereby horses act out against the girth or cinch being tightened is known in

most of the English-speaking world as "cinchbound" or "cinchy." It is the reaction of a super-sensitive horse to the stimulus induced by a snug girth or cinch. Every horse has a web-shaped network of nerves just behind each of his elbows. This network lies in the outer layers of tissue covering the rib cage in the lower anterior portion of the thoracic region. The response aspects of this nerve system are discussed

in detail on pages 159-160'

The cinch-bound horse is likely to manifest his condition with one or more reactions from a significant list of responses. When the girth or cinch is drawn tight, the cinchy horse will stiffen his entire body. He will most often raise his back and round his body, crouching back

"174

over the rear legs. In the early stages of acting out, the cinchy horse will most often elevate his neck. The neck will become dgid, the eyes wide open and appear to look toward the area of the girth or cinch. If he is to take it further, the cinchy horse will usually move in reverse and often lose control of the hind legs, crouching lower and lower. In extreme cases, th€ cinchy horse will drop to the ground on his hindquarters and throw himself over backward. Many saddles have had their trees broken by a horse falling over backward, slamming the saddle to the ground under him' Obviously, the potential for injury to the horse is great.

If the cinchy horse is tied during a traumatic episode, he is likely to act out by pulling hard as possible, usually breaking any kind of tie you use. If the equipment is strong enough to withstand his pulling, the horse will often fall against the tetheq placing himself and the handler in a critically dangerous position. The horse who pulls, but is unable to break loose, will sometimes catch his balance and then lunge forward striking out with the front legs, again exposing himself and the han-

as

dler to extreme danger' I have seen a cinch-bound horse that will lower the back during a cinchy episode, raise the head and neck and sink his chest down near the ground, crouching back with his front feet remaining in their original position' This response would resemble the way we often see dogs stretch in the morning, yawning while they stretch back with their front feet well out in front. Unlike the relaxed dog, this horse will

sometimes come forward out of this position with violent thrashing. This can be extremely dangerous to himself or a handler. Then there is the cinch-bound horse that simply reacts violently against the girth by

bucking like a professional in a rodeo' Often, this type of cinchy horse will express himself for 20 to 30 seconds, and then be fine for the

Chapter

9 llhe

lnto-Pressure Syndrome

9tt e

allun IIrM asnef u€f asroq punoq-qrultr

e ]€r{}

'aJntr Jo punod € Ja8uep aql Jo areMe raul€r} V qiloM ;I uoqualeJd Jo aluno uy 'dlalepdordde aq} {IeM ualr{3r} pue oml ro a}nulur e roJ asJoq quf ppoqs 'lsrg ]e dlasool Jaql€r qlulr ro asrotl aH 'saltruapual a,\Illsuas sMoqs lPq]

u€aIJ e qll^^ squ13 pue saqrulf, uo IelJaleu

'sqy13 q1p,u sped ]nd o1 arec a{el ppoqs ag pu€ saqlull slq Jo uoFlpuor aql Jo eJuMe ppoqs Jaulerl 3u1ltoo1 aq1 aq sdevrlu

'eaJ€

{u€uaroJ

a,\ltrIsuas aqt ol uled asneJ ol 1erlua1od pue dlearts aq] sasearf,ul 'q1rr3 ro qlup-Jlqs

'salJuap e sasn oqm raul€rl ssalar€l V -dulp -ual punoq-qrun dola'l'ap ol asroq e Sullt'rur uI raulerl aqJ s1 ,(p1der dn squ13 oqm'drrnq e 'asroq due;o ssarord SuFIerl aql lnoq8norql sluauralour lno-lr{8noqt

ralpueq aqr

-11aru

dQ

aleqJ 'dpeals roJ alnlllsqns ou sI 'roloJ aql ra^aleq^\ enr] sI

srql 'sraqlo op ueql

atreJrns eql 01 rasoll

-ue8 >luegaroJ rlaql aleq ]sn[ 'suraas

11

eI3

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auo5 dlqeroardde pauassal sI Jauueur allllsuas -radns e uI lle o1 druapual aql ,,'SullulJdtul I€o{,, uI paqlrlsap se ador 1o

qfual

uos e pue

aq} spueq u€urnU r{l$4. qloq 'eaJu $Iu€UaroJ 'punoq-qrull sa8esseru dlradord ralpueq e JI

d1pn1 aq 01 asroq e ro; dtuapual aq] al€ulru11a -rIA IIIM 'auop dlredord '(I8I 'd aas) Supuudrul

a^alaq dlararuls IeoJ Jo arnparord aq] ]eq]

1

'paAIoAuI dgeraua8 sI raqlo

-ue ro uos auo ]o rorra uPurnq ]eql 1Sa33ns p1noM srql's8uqppes ,vral lsJU aql 3ulvrolloJ

srnflo ualJo lsolu aurorpuds punoq-qlull aql queuaroJ ar{} }eql a^allaq I 'sraqlo ueql uofer sasJoq u1 uoq8ue8 allllsuas eJour JeJ e aleq uleuaf, l€q] aul ol suraas 1r 'aptse ro1o3 Joq pauuPls-ra>Ir€p '

sas

ueql safrale pruraplda ol auord arour

aJe

pear

slnulsaqJ ]sa38ns leql slrodar dreutrala'l asnetr osle a^eq I 'lea^{s o] asroq uMoJq aq] qlIM dldruls plnom ]eql aluelsqns aures eql paleeJl uaqM Jalsllq uauo IIIM slnulsaqf, ]€ql 'dll^p papnlluor a^eq su€IreulJala^ paurea'I

ar.uo.rpu,(5 ernssaJd-olul eqL / 6ra1deq1

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uoll

a^pls -pfrpa]Al 'asror{ >IJ€lq ro uMorq aq} ueql lnulsaqf aql leql anrl

-uas ur>Is aroru dllensn sI

ur

dlluaredde sr 1r 's1rel1 I€JoIAeqaq Surssasse aIIqM luelrodun areld e rolor a'tt8 uoples I 'salqeq Suprels uI arua -padxa;o sread dtu 1p u1 3u11ppes ]sru al{l druapual slq] Sulssardxa d1g auo raquraurar dluo uer l qSnoqrp 'slredralunor a1eru 4aq] q}Irnl

a^€q uer{} dll.tlusuasraddq ot paulllul uaaq ol suraas sarIIU aloru sread aqtr ra^o leql aur pue d1}a1nb U ',{tpplsuas 1uerg1u31s }noqllm 'pueq Surualq8rl lr ldacre o] tuaas ilI,r.t sraqlo aql lsule8e ]no ]tre o] uotleredard u1 Suua'Lrnb Jlaql a^eq 01 urees '>1eads o1 os 'alg uo ul{s 'asuodsar 1er1ua1od slq ssasse IIIM sasJoq auro5 duu uo arurl o1 dtlunuoddo aql a^eq 1 'leulrue Jo qtrulf u dn Snus I uaqM 'azlsaqloddq o1 asuetrIl eruos qum

lsru aql ro;

quf

aur aptrr'ord o] suraas ta^aMoq 'sasloq 000'zI

uuq] arour pauels a^€q I leql lleJ aqJ'aJuap

-r^a rurlualf,s pr€q qll^\ pueJap uel I r{llqM Jo auou 'suolsnlfuof auros 01 auroJ a'teq 1 'uor1 -elJasqo Jo arulleJll € rauv 'droaql }€q} alndsp aru

sreqlo 1ad pue 'saul1 rrlaua8 sMolIoJ ]l l€qtr 'sraqlo d1a{ll ueqr IIal uauresroq peq a^eq I aql arour aJ€ aruos 'uorlrpuol punoq-qJulf, arnpord o] snleredde alJau aq] a^eq sasroq IIe pue 'sasJoq leql anrl sI 1l aIIqM 'sraqlo uI lou ppo''r'r nod euros uI sJnJf,O s1q1 dqrvt {s€ o} a^eq Suldpnts u1

,punoq-qrutr

Jo

uoplpuor

aq1

dleuuou

aroru Sutuelq8tr dq Ia.\eJt plnoM aq 'dlpnper8

ll ol JIasuIq urolsnlre a^te8 '8a1

o1

salnulur

1!{eJ

e

lulq

pue 'qrun srq pauasool dlalepaurul 1;1 ua4orq e perl aq leq] reaMs plnom Jalras

-qo 3u1nou1un aql '3a1aro; JPau aql uo aurel aIppIC dlara,l,as sem arl JI s€ JJo {IeM plnom

'qfulf, arltr o] pauolsnJre la8 o] aurl] Jo ]]q 'slenpt,rlpul e urrq a.r,13 o] InJareJ lou selt' I JI plroM e asoq] Jo auo sem 'partoqs 1 uordureqr se 8ur1a't'er] 'ro,o alpplc 'aurel seM aq q8noql oqM dq auorpuds punoq-qlu1r aq1 sassardxa asroq P pa^Jasqo osle a^Eq

1

'dep aqr Jo ]sar

horse before saddling. If saddled while tied'

the cinch-bound will often pull back and add to their problems the pull-back phobia I discussed on Pages 17O-172' Many people ask about what to do with a cinch-bound horse they have inherited from someone else. The following is my recommendation for dealing with the condition already in place. With your horse in a box stall of at

subteast lZ by 12 feet @by a meters), put a all of fasten stantial stable blanket on him, and

the belts and buckles. Over the blanket in the overarea of the heart-girth, place an elastic breastcollar' a with girth. I prefer the tlpe Th"r" orr"r-girths can be purchased at a good (10 tackshop and are generally about 4 inches cm) in width, and easily stretched by the hu-

man hand. Place the breastcollar appropriately' just and buckle up the elastic over-girth so it is mintouching the skin. Allow your horse a few to utes in the box stall to become accustomed so two or notch a the over-girth, then tighten

it begins to stretch the elastic material' This girth is easily expandable and the to it as violently hotse usually does not teact cinch or girth' You as he would a less forgiving until periodically should continue to tighten encircle snugly yo., fturr" stretched the girth to It is approprihorse' the of area the heart-girth around apparctus this carry to ate to allow him Usuhours' four or the box stall for up to three tteatment' this of ally, within two or three
horse. Most cinch-bound horses

will then

if take the girth or cinch quite comfortably to flve of period a you tighten gradually over severely ten minutes. If your horse is more affected, simply extend the time of each of these procedures until your horse is comfortable. Most cinch-bound horses will be rela-

tively free of this anxiety within a month or these so if you are diligent about following letter. the to procedures

MontY's Points

ffi

,' Cinch-bound might be geneticallY

influenced. ,> Sensitive skin might play a role in causing a cinch-bound sYndrome' > Cinch-bound horses are usually caused bY PeoPle. ,, Handlers should u5e clean, appro-

priate equiPment. ,, Being in a hurrY is often the cause of cinch-bound' > Use a light, elastic over-girth' ,, Follow the corrective Procedures

to the letter.

your without a cinch-bound response' When to the next horse is comfortable, you can go steP

in the

Process.

elastic Once your horse can take the light' the day' girth relatively snug from the outset of

and allow the |or, .un remove the blanket

Usually' gir,tt to come directly against his skin' horse' your to itris witt not be of great concern of putWhen this is accepted, initiate a pattern hour ting the elastic girth on about one-half your saddle to before the time you intend

176

Chapter 9

/fhe

lnto-Pressure Syndrome

ttL aql;o

a8essaur

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aruarrntro uoururor slql MaIA iurcBe lq8nel aq o] luem asroq aq] ppoqs dq.r't 'a8essaru deq s1q ralpq pue

qrler o1 3urdr1 ;o ssarord

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eqtr qf,trer

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'r(oldura I

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aql qrl€l

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I ]€q^lr op

no

,,

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11,1

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ro des 3ur

ulq

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-aq 'lq8ner sI esJoq aql ]eql Sutpueruap 'asroq

aql raue sao8 oq.tt Jalpu€q y 'au 3ulqrleJ snql 'aur ol saluoJ aq aJoJeJaqJ 'aur qll,tr aq ol lueM o] esJoq aql asnel u€J saJnpaJord pue sarnlsa8

uleual ,vroq Moqs I //'aur qf,l€f , o1 asroq dur MoIIe I 'asroq dur qf,]eJ Jalau I leql sl JaMsue dyrl 'asroq dur qrlec I Moq pa{se ue}Jo rue I 'sasroq p€q alearJ sllqeq ueunq peq lsasroq poo8 alean

s11qeq

ueunq poog 'SurupJ] sI asroq e qlIM op no'{ Sulqldrala ]eql requlauar o] luelrodrul os sI lI

sasroH 6u1qc1o3

roIADqaB pooD

6tpulrdtuI or

taldall)

horse. About twenty minutes into the process, he realized that the chestnut horse was walk-

ing around the field following him, but there was no way that he could approach the bay horse.

After an hour or so, everyone was exhausted. And, for the last 15 minutes or so, he could not get the chestnut out of his way. Finally, he cornered his bay horse and managed to get

him caught and haltered. Pulling him around, he "changed his name" a few times before taking him from the field. A day or so later, the man decided to catch one of his horses again. Not wanting to go through the same process, he decided this time he would catch the chestnut. Would you believe that on this day the chestnut decided to act exactly as the bay had a couple of days before? He angrily repeated the process this time with the bay horse following him around and the chestnut refusing to be caught. The moral of the story is, if you want to catch your horse, do not look him in the eye. Use the concepts of Join-Up and you do not catch your horse, you let your horse "catch"

The Born-Sour Syndrome ond Seporotion AnxietY There are t\ivo categories of remedial behavior that I believe are so closely linked they should share a section. "Barn sour" could be called "home souq" or "property sour." These terms simply mean that the horse does not want to go away from home and, even if you are successful in achieving some distance from the horse's home, there is still a great desire on the horse's part to return as fast as possible. Every question-and-answer session that I conduct includes someone asking, "How do

you. Should field-catching problems persist, you can do Join-Up from a saddle horse in the field' This will allow the horseman to travel the nec-

I stop my horse from taking me back to the stable against my will?" She will go on to say that her horse will often refuse to go in a direction away from the stable and, if she persists, the horse is likely to act out negatively. Stopping and refusing to go forward (balking), rearing, bucking and kicking out are the most often mentioned actions of the offender. These actions are often dangerous for both the rider and the horse. Most stables have hard surfaces surrounding the buildings because of their need for vehicular activity. Obstreperous behavior on a hard surface is one of the most undesirable behavioral traits we can experience. Rearing, for instance, on tarmac, con-

essary distance.

crete or cobblestone surfaces can result in iniu-

Monty's Points > Execute a good foin-Up.

catch your horse, Letyour horse catch you.

" Never

> Looking your horse in the eye

means "go away."

for following "bad instruction."

> Do not blame your horse

'r78

ries that run the gamut from minor to lethal' The horse that rears and then loses his footing can go over backward and quite easily in-

jure his spine, hips or skull. Practically every equestrian knows of someone who has had a broken leg or other serious injury from a horse rearing over. Wheeling around to return to the stable often results in a fall-rideq horse or

both. Ironically, these problems are generally the result of a rider inadvertently training his horse to unilaterally decide to return to the barn. I realize that most equestrians would prefer to believe they had not trained their horses

Chapter 10 / lmprinting Good Behavior

6LL

IIIM aq uaqM aJns allnb ra^au sI asJoq Jno',{ leql uealu IIIM sIqJ 'llqeq raqloue alearl 01 pue lOU se os 'uorllanp luaJaJJIp e ur o3 uauo lods luara;;rp e le ]unourslp 'aurt1 qreg

'ureq aql ol

3ur41e,u. aroJaq (sralaur

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are nod del- slql uI 'peaqaloJ aql uo qnr poo8 e asroq aq1 a.Lr8 pue qu13 oql uasooT 'lunour -s1p pue 'oM] Jo aled e dn asroq aql >lJPq 'sesooqf, JapIJ aql uorlrarrp due

'do1s

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rr

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ever race for be rewarded, and is unlikely to

home.

With

a

horse that is extremely barn sour'

very difflcult to cure' Be diligent about to the your habits when returning your horse day or two can start a pattern of

they

action' you should follow this next course of whatby barn the from Coax your horse away (see pain ever means you can, short of dealing 157pages "Balking" and the Giddy-Up rope, from your distance some horse the

,tuUt". Otelazy

undesirable' behavior that might be extremely

Monty's

158). Ride

3 kiloproperty (more than 2 miles or approx' neighbor' a with m.i"rs; and leave the horse horse friend or trainer. Then, ride a different responsibilihome and exchange the boarding times until of number ties. Do this a sufflcient diffilonger no your horse appears settled and you cult about leaving to your stable' Once pathave noticeably improved the behavioral I detechniques tern, then begin the training your to horse earlier, and return the

scribed

own Property. If this condition is in any way connected with your horse being bonded (sometimes horse' called "separation anxiety") to another are horses then increase the length of time the on any given day' Your horses should separated by not scream for one another or seem affected

separation. live closer As our population grows and we to one another on land parcels of ever-decreasing size, our horses, too, are living in closer proximity. Equus, being a herd animal' is far is as an more comfortable in a group than he individual. This creates a pattern of behavior whereby a horse becomes extremely upset

when seParated from a "buddY'" Before deep bonding occurs, the knowing the loequestrian will be diligent and change this reduce to enough .u,ion of horses often

unwanted behavior. The "batn-sour" condition will often have its beginnings as "separation anxietY." there If you follow these procedures before experiwill you is a problem, it is unlikely that ence the barn-sour condition or separation anxiety. Once these problems are deep seated'

180

are

>r

>>

Points

trffi

Barn sour and separation anxiety are closely linked'

Do not ride Your horse home and

into the barn. ,> Dismount outside the ProPertY' and lead into the stable' ,, The barn-sour sYndrome can lead to dangerous habits' >,

Choose different locations

to

dismount before returning' > Separate bonded horses'

The ShYing Tendency some-

During my question-and-answer periods with my one is likely to ask, "What do I do explain will She horse who shies constantly?" that when she rides her horse she is often feet frightened when her horse slams all four the in obiect some by toihe ground startled to flnd distance. It is exasperating, she says' a that there is a tiny plastic bag swinging from

might bush or a squirrel playing in a tree' She frightened extremely is tell me that her horse is no of bicycle riders, or cattle in a field' There little end to stories that I hear about the silly the things that cause a horse to shy' Obviously' more far is flight takes that startles and horse

but re-

dangerous than the horse that startles inmains in place. Many people have been jured by the accident that occurs when the their ,ttyittg horse bolts, causing them to lose balance and PossiblY fall'

Chapter

1O

/ lmprinting Good Behavior

r8t uaqM eurll ut ]ulod e sI araql ]nq 'dft^ IIIM IeoJ qrea treq} puu IIIM no^ 'suollour pld€r t{}oouls

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a>lons plnoqs

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du

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s,rallrtr l

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'l tAC 'rallltn{ }raqog

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o1 d1a411 ssal reJ sr

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-]ealql

,{11er1ua1od are

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:-

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qllqM dq uralled rolleqeq

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€ lr-i

-:

i1t-;

the foal will accept the motion with obvious

relaxation. The imprinter should massage each area in smooth but rapid motions at approximately two strokes per second. Dr. Miller has found that many areas will require 50 strokes before the foal relaxes. Do not hesitate to reach that number if necessary. One should be diligent about massaging every portion of the head area, including the eyes and the ears. A finger should gently massage inside each ear

until the foal relaxes. Massaging

the fulI ear from the outside is also important. With the head completed, you should then massage the entire neck and often this can be done before the hind legs are fully outside the mare. I like to use my hands wide open, one on each side of the neck, followed by a hand on the crest and a hand on the throat. When the foal is thoroughly relaxed following the head and neck massages, the imprinter can move on to the area of the shoulders. By this time, the hind legs are probably out of the mare. Allow as much time as possible for the umbilical cord to remain in place.

It is at this juncture that you should begin to do imprinting on the front legs. I begin to imprint the front legs by starting with the feet. You should pat them on the sole to initiate this process. Gently but firmly, grasp the fetlock joint while holding the foot still, and begin to pat the sole of the foot with the open palm of your hand. The rate of patting should be approximately 50 pats every 2O seconds. This process should be completed once for each foot. If the foal has not relaxed after the 50

repetitions are completed, then continue to pat. When the foal is relaxed, you can then go on to the next step. After you have worked on the front feet, work your way up the legs rubbing flrst the fetlock ioint, then the shinbone, knee, up to the forearm, and onto the shoulder and withers. The rubbing should be done at the same rate as the patting so that you allow about 20 182

seconds and 50 strokes for each of these different areas. If the foal does not relax in this time,

continue rubbing the same areas. Continue with the shoulders, over the withers and back of the foal. Note: Do not do the sides of the foal. Leave them alone. It is important that the sides of the foal remain sensitive because they are where the rider's legs will go. It is a good idea to leave all of nature,s sensitivities in place between the girth area and flanks of the foal, This brings you to the flrst extremely sensitive area to imprint-the area where the girth will eventually draw snug. A horse has a large, well-defined web of nerves here. you can dramatically improve the process of his accepting his first saddle with a good iob of imprinting. You should take great care to massage both sides extensively, though you will need to complete the accessible side first, and then wait to roll the foal over to do the other side. If at this point, the mare wants to stand, as often happens, you should allow this to occur. Remain relaxed and encourage the mare to approach the foal and lick him if she chooses. It is at this point that the placenta needs to be tied up so that the mare does not step on it. If necessary, you can leave the foal at this point, tie up the placenta, and treat the navel with an appropriate antiseptic. Returning to the imprinting, you should continue to massage the back of the foal and

continue rubbing down toward the hips, down the hind legs, rubbing around and under the tail and genitalia of the colt, or udder of the filly. The hind legs should be imprinted in the same fashion as recommended for the front legs. You then should roll the foal over to repeat the process on the areas you were unable to reach in the initial process. Normally, this amounts to the opposite shoulder and hip. Everything else should be reachable while the foal is in his original position. When the whole body has been done in the Chapter 10 / lmprinting Good Behavior

€8r

ro!^eqag poog 6ullulrdut / Ot .ra1deq1

'Ear€ 'salnuru 0z Jo raluaf, aq] ul Par€ aq] qlnol lou oo) {ueu JeaI eq} ul slq} }eadag 'eare qtrrf slq uo o] SI-ueJ ol ua^as sdeq :6ug1u1.rdu; p.rrq1 '(salnurur uorssardtuol allua8 slql lnoqe alqeuoJrlroJ sI 0t lnoqe-reuoqs alllll e aqderu 1nq) auo dep IeoJ aql Illun ro 'sarutl 99 lseal le Surxelar'pue ,aarql deq :6u;lu;.rdu1 puo)as Surzaanbs a11ua8 sul leadaU 'I€oJ aq] Jo dor ;o leadar e 'salnulur aq] le lI Sugaqle8 ']l xelar pue azaanbs dllua8 ol 'uaq1 'oB 111'n qlrf aql areqm IeoJ aql punore gZ 1s.r11

0t Jo Ielo] e-dn Sulpuels salnulu 0Z 91 dlalerulxordde pue 'ur*op 3ugd1 salnulrrr 97 1qp1q go ]uaruolu 1y :6u11u;.ldtu1

o1

:sMoIIoJ

se unr plnoqs urerSord Supupdul aql 'a8e;o sdeP 91 1e areld a>lel ]l l€q] pueururo)al I 'qlrnoJ e alnJaxa ol asooqc nod

ppoqs

dressarau lou sI lnq 'an1el aruos suq

(3upue1s dlqeqord) Supulrdrul qlrnoJ V'qulq }e pp nor{ {roM aq} af,JoJuIaJ daql se }ueuod -rur dra,t are SurluFdrul pJII{} pue puoJas ar{J 'salnullu 0Z ol gI dluo 3upse1 1nq'3u11updur1 lsry aql;o leadar e aq plnoqs qllqm '(3u1pue1s dlqeqord) Supupdrul prlql e op uer nod 'sdep

0I ot I raUV 'salnurru 0g ueq] ra8uol ou a{e} plnoqs Supupdrul puoJas aq1 dea,r. aues aql ur pasn aq osle uer radrp rleq eqJ 'alq€uoJluoJ sureruar IeoJ

eql;r dluo lnq saJnpeford dlrea

aql qlll\,\ uo drrer 'u,\top 3urd1 IeoJ eql pug nod;1 'sa1os eqi Suldder 'aru1l e 1e auo dn laa; aql {lld '3urpue1s sl oqM IeoJ raplo ue q}lm lInlUJIp aroru aq IIIM 1I Jaqruauar lnq 'd11eu -f1ro palaldruor nod seale aql 1p lu1rdru1 o1 drl 'llels aq] uI uaqm pue IeoJ aqt lear8 ppoqs no 'plau aq] ruoJJ uI aluoJ IeoJ pu? areru aql uaqM sr lI op ol alull lsaq aqJ'pa^elqle aq ue:) Supupdrur puoJas e 'a8e;o sdep aarql ]V 'aJotu o1

ou-salnurru sz ol oz ol lred l.eql lJlrlsar luelrodrur lsoru sI lI 'JooU aql uo IeoJ aql

q11m puads nod arull aql pualxa lou op ]nq 'lsru le raMols aq deur nod leq] alqepuelsrap -un lr 'sanbruqral asaql Sulureal allqM sr

'salnulur 0t 01 9€ ueql arour ou e{e} ppoqs '3utpue1s pue 3u{1 qloq'3u11urrd -urr lsru slqJ 'sarnpe)ord drpuuqsnq PIuJou eq] Supaldruol 'auo1e arelu pue IeoJ eql a^eal nod leql pueururoJar 1u.o51 ('sap1s s/leoJ aq]

'xordde) qiSual uI laal t 11 der.,r,t pue (ralaru 1 ol t lnoq€ qsus e ro ador peal lJos e e>Ie1 '1ou ro Sutsrnu raqlaqM '3urpue1s sI IeoJ aq] uaq6 'd1a;es arnsua ol aJeru aq] uo ador peal e qllM ]uepuall€ ue a^eq o1 eapl pooS e sr 11 'snorllerJ Jo snolJau sI ar€Iu aqt il'poJ aLIi

pua

afiu

aL7

uaamlaqJpstnol uorltsoil n,tau

tarlrea ples I sV 'ssarord srql lnoq8noJql puoq ol aJrsap IeJnleu Jaq anulluoJ ol aJeru aql ^tol -p sde.r,r1e ol luelrodurr sr 11 dlalaldruol JaAo a{el o} areru aql .ttolle pue IeoJ aql uror;.'{e,r,re puels tadrp Jreq aql Jo qllureM 3ur4orls aq] qlIM para^ol uaaq s€q IPOJ aq] aJuo 'salnullu sz ol oz ueq] arour ro; punorS aq] uo IeoJ aql daa4 nod 1eq1 puauluoJar Ja^a I op saJu€ls -runfrlf, ou Japun 'lualuour e ro; 3a1 luoJJ auo alelala pue umop p€aq eq] ploq dpua8 o1 dlaq deur ll 'dn Suqla8 uoJJ IeoJ aqt dols o] paau nod p1noq5 'uroq sI aq raue selnultu 9I lseal 1e ro; dn puels dllerurou ]ou saop IeoJ V'saln -ulru I o1 g dluo '3uo1 ool e>lel ]ou lsnur nod pue '1eo; aqt ,Op o1 a^eq tou op notr dpoq arrl -ua aq] ra,tor 'd11eug pue '>1lau aql uMop uaql aql ra.to dn pue 'asou 'ulqf aq] punore ]I aJnporlul 'IeoJ eql 'sJua

'IeoJ aql Jo peaq eql o]

uor; de.r,re saqrul 9 o] t tnoqe 11 3u1p1oq 'uaq1 'lsrg puuq rnod 1o {Jeq arl} uo }eaq aq} lsaJ 'leoJ pue areru aql Jo de,r,r aql ur la8 1ou saop ]eql arns afl 'punos leql qll^t uollelf,osse alqe -uoJruoJ e saleeJJ JIe urJem eql pue '1eo; aql o1 1r

roloru e Jo punos aql af,nporlul o] slql asn no^ 'radrp rpq aq1 3u1sn aloJaq roop Ilels aql reau 'sl 1u1od e ot IeoJ erlt a^oru ol €apl poo8 e sl lI lr reJes aq1 '11e1s aq] ul a^eq nod pror ssal aqf 'prol uolsualxe aJes '3uo1 e qlpu radrp rpq e 1no Surrq'uaqJ'gI ueql ra8uol ou 'salnutru 91 lnoq€ ua{etr a^eq ppoqs 1r 'uorqse; paqursard

Fourth imprinting: Day Fifteen-l5 to 20 minutes, always repeating the procedures as prescribed. Once Day Fifteen has passed, I like foals to grow up as naturally as possible. It is important to not dwell on the little problems you may come across. For example, if a foal dislikes having his feet trimmed, iust get the job done as quickly and kindly as possible, and be relaxed about it. In my experience, the imprinted foal will cooperate a lot more quickly than the one

that has not been imprinted. If your foal is imprinted in the manner I have described, he will generally trust a human much more. And it would be unusual for him to buck with his flrst saddle. He will be easier to handle throughout his life and thus less apt to be injured or cause iniury to others. Note: At no time do I recommend you kiss or hug your foal, or remain with the mare and foal throughout the night. Over-imprinting has been responsible for unwarranted criticism of this procedure. A horse always knows that you are a human and you should always be mindful of the fact that he is a horse. It is bad horsemanship to create a too "humanized" equine student.

The Growing-Up Months At Birth The foal should be imprinted within the flrst hour and he should not be expected to stay down for more than 25 minutes. The mare should be allowed to bond with the foal by

having the foal within reach while someone is holding her. When you release the foal after imprinting, he should stand and suckle. It is very important that the foal gets the colostrum needed for life. All this must be done in addition to the normal husbandry procedures, such as treating the navel, weighing the placenta, clearing the amnion, wiping out nostrils, checking that the foal's breathing and pulse rates are normal and that he is anatomically correct. An enema is also routine, particularllfor foals who have more difficulty passing the meconium (flrst stools). Where possible, the mare and foal should be turned out in a small enclosure during Dav One, and in a larger enclosure from Day Two. It is best to involve two people, one for the mare and one for the foal every time you move the pair. I recommend the use of the Foal Handler to help in guiding the foal.

Monty's Points >'

The imprint window is open widest in the first hour.

" lmprinting can begin

before the foal is fully born.

> Do not interfere with the mare and foal bonding. >>

Follow the imprinting procedures precisely.

to accustom the foal to motor noises. rr Use a soft sash to place around the girth area. > Repeat the imprinting process at least twice after the original imprinting. >r Do not over-imprint. r>

144

Use a hair dryer

Chapter 10

/ lmprinting Good Behavior

s8r '1arnb e 'd1eap1 'Pluneu

ueunq alearl

01

lnoqllm aruasard tuelrodul dra.L st 1l sl€oJ

rnod ur sassarord Ieluau punos aloruord o1 'luaurdola,raP lerlsdqd IeruJou qll^r saraJJalul dlprlleuteJp asaql

uorl Surleradnrar pue '1ua1uol ale ]eql asoq] uPq] aleJ ralearS w! e le sapn[u1 aluarradxa sleo; a.trleradoorun dr8uy 'IeoJ pazllerunerl dlerrSoloqrdsd e arreq nod;r sluarualddns paal uo puads nod dauou q)nru Moq to 'ate saltl -rerd drpueqsnq rnod punos .t,roq ralleru d11ear lou seop 1I 'ssarls pclSoloqrdsd Sunuatradxa sasrorl Sunod;o sdnor8 ulelrar;o luarrad 99 se uI punoJ uaaq aleq srarln rr1da4 'suolllpuof,

qrnru

se

Plfol

-oqrdsd asaql qllll paletlosse sruoldtuds 1eo -rsdqd slsa;rueu dllenluarra dr8ue ro dddequn 'passardap po; y 'parredurl dllerlsdqd saurof -aq uoos dlerfoloqrdsd palsnlpe IIaM lou IeoJ y'3uraq-11a,r'r 1erl8o1oqrdsd ;o ra,trasqo uaa>1 e auroJaq o] Ief,IllJf, aJour

uala 'ra.ta,t'toq

uaql 'pasn sartlrerd

aqtr ssasse

d1p;are:

ro!^eqag poog 6ullu1.rdtul / Ot.raldeql asoql se qf,ns saJnpef,ord dressaraS 'pasn aq (lgf 'd) relpueH I€oC eqtr 'a;es d1ala1d

ppoqs

-uror aq o1 dltapb auop aq plnoqs ]l 'Ilels e olur lr{8norq aq o} spaeu IeoJ e uosear due

ro;;1 'aldoad luorJ uolluelrelul qlnru ]noqll,tl IenpIAIpuI luapuadapul ue se aJII srq ur8aq o1 asroq Sunod e MoIIe ppoqs ueurasroq poo8 y

TuataaS9uttlN puo antJ 'slenphrpul aql;o due;o

Suraq-11a.t't

3q] azlp

-redoaI rolleqaq snora8uep ppoqs aualrelul 01

uorle^rasqo asolJ pueuurolal 1nq'slqt qllm llneJ ou pug 1 'a8e Jo sqluotu II ro 0I IDun

eprslno raqlaSol dels o1 sal€ueJ pu€ sapur

qloq ol

,tr.olle sureJ dueyq'11npe palsn[pe-11en e asler

are nod d1a11l arour eq] 'ssarord Surrear aqt 3uI

-rnp a8ernorua uef nod uotlreralul Iellos aJour raqlaSol unr o] paMolle eq aq1 '3uruea,l,r 1lun sleoJ l€q] pueluurolar 1 dlrlre;

qloqJo

saxas

radord aqt u31sap o] nod dlaq p.r,t su€Ireulrala^

lsotu pue aplMplJoM artlrerd paldarre ue st Supaag daar3 'urerSord leuotlulnu palJnus

's1 11

'ro^eapua srql uI Iryssaf,f,ns aq o1 slradxa aq;r

aql arnsua o1 a3e -uoJ-lleM e lueura^alqJe Jo eq plnoqs 1I

Suyaq-11an 1ergsdqd s,leoJ aq];o 1ue-trasqo d11el aq 01 speau sleoJ Jo Surrear aqt q pa^lo^

go sdep

-rlrrf

0I lnoqe IUoJJ elqelle^e

'sasroq pezls-llry ulorJ pooJ aql SullJelord 'leoJ aql paal ol de.tr e st ,,8urpaa; daar3,,

-ur auoduy 'lslser plnoqs aq Surqlauos ro '3u1ua1q8rr;'a1qe1ro;ruorun se ]feluof uelunq pre8ar ],usaop IeoJ e leq] luelrodurr dlauarl -xa sr lI 'a,r11eradoor sI IeoJ aql qllq,vr uI ]uaur -uoJIAua ue elearf, o] suollepuatuurolar dru ,t,lolloJ

Sulpaag 'splau ro selqels luorJ pue 01 IeoI pue Jaqloru Sur.toru uI afueJslss€ lear3;o

aq plnoqs aurll IefrlIJJ slq] ]e sleoJ Jo saJelu Jo 3u11pueq aq] qllm 3u1d1aq auoduy 'sraad rraql qlrM ]no paurnl aq pFoqs sleoJ pue seren

sarnparord ilV 'le^ralul >IaaM-xIs e qllm auu deu sraqlo aIIqM'uralqord relnrtlred e ro;

JalpueH IeoC aqJ'ssalord aql uI eJualoll ou aq IIIM araql leql puetsrapun puu paruatradxa

]snru nod 'aluelsrsar anpun sI aJaql JI 'alqls dlpuq pue dllapb s€ auop aq plnoqs

-sod se aq

s{aaM oMl o1 sdep 91 dra,ta Surururlrl arlnber

sr

tu1uoaPl

sleoJ eluos 'eJnllnJls leJluroleuP stq o1 aleud -ordde erellool alnbar deur 1eo; Ienpl^lpul ue

otr

ual IDO

'PaJaAof Pue Peururexa Suraq

]eq] anrt osle sl ]I 'arnlslolu Jo suoulpuof pu€ lros ;o saddl o1 Surpror:e a8ueqr 11rl 'aluels

-ut ro; 'aleolooC 'saluelsurnJJlf IeluauruoJ -rlua pue eare rrqderSoa8 rnod o1 Sutprorre dre.r 111,r,r asaql 'sleuolssa;ord aql dq lno las

se sIeAJaluI papuaurluoJal le auop aq ppoqs uerJeurJela^ aq] pue JaIJJeJ aq] ^'(q paturo;rad

sr

aleur aq] allqm a.l11eradoor aq pue puels

o1 dya>p1 sl IeoJ

palulrdur dpedord aqJ'uos

-rad pau8rsse uMo slq dq o1 papuelle eq plnoqs

'leeq IeoJ raq uo IeoJ aql 'Surpaarq aql 3u1rnc alrqM para^oJ aq IIIM ereur aql alqlssod s1 11

aulN /bQ

knowledgeable person should walk through the herd daily and touch each foal as he goes past. Touching young horses and walking away imprints them with the understanding that their human contact is not acting as a predator. Predators do not make contact and then go away. Occasionally, you should take the time to rub the foal over his head, neck, and body, pick up the feet, and then walk away' A

foal experiencing this treatment will be far more likely to cooperate on the days the veterinarian and farrier arrive. It is highly recommended that the same individual who has dealt with the foal is present during the visits of the professional practitioner. You should be familiar with the characteristics of the foal, and have a good understanding of their needs. It is also true that your presence will be a stabilizing effect. You should be quick to reschedule the work if negative behavior occuts. Many lifelong equine phobias have been created from one session of impatience' A few days of specific work to overcome a foal's concern will result in creating a happier foal, veterinarian, and farrier.

Weaning There are many accepted methods of weaning the foal from his mother. The number of mares and foals involved will affect the procedure selected. I recommend weaning at five to six months of age. For this book, I describe the weaning procedure I use and most often recommend. Should it be necessary to use a different procedure, consult your veterinarian for appropriate advice. In our operation, foals are weaned in pairs of the same sex. Later, if they have to have any veterinary treatment or travel, they should be brought up and kept

with their comPanion, if Possible. Once the foal has been weaned and no longer calls out for his mother, I recommend

Join-Up sessions. Accomplishing Join-Up is a great way for your foal to enter that period of

186

his life when his mother is no longer a factor' Properly done, it will promote an understanding between weanling and human that will be

beneficial lifelong. I recommend two or three have Join-Up sessions on consecutive days' I seen signiflcant value in bitting and using a surcingle at this stage. They have proven to simplify the starting process later, and school-

ing with the Dually halteq together with these sessions of Join-Up, is particularly helpful' Be gentle and patient with foals as they are small and ultra-sensitive.

Doing too manyJoin-Up sessions at this stage is usually counterproductive. It is a little like often telling a child the same story; the foal will come to resent it and exhibit gestures of anger. Prudently accomplished, two or three Join-Up sessions will allow you to live by the concepts of Join-Up throughout the relationship with Your horse.

Eleven Months to Storting I like my babies to lead as natural a life as practical. But someone should go to the fleld and touch them daily. It is a good idea for a person to pick up and examine their feet from time to time, and rub their head, neck and body' Their experience with the veterinarian and farrier will be less stressful when these practices are included in the rearing plan. You should be diligent when selecting a farrier, and make sure he understands and agrees that you are rearing your horses without violence. Should the farrier have undue trouble with any of the babies,

it

is wise to stop the procedure. If you feel

that

the problem is significant, refer to the section "Your Horse and the Fartier" (p-1'27). While it was written with the adult horse in mind, the same princiPles aPPlY.

Veterinary visits and procedures should follow the premise of non-confrontational handling, just as I have suggested for the farrier' Routine and minor veterinary care may be

Chapter

1O

/ lmprinting Good Behavior

t8L

ro!^eqog poog 6ullu1.rdut / ot 'ra1deq1

eeJe ue

'aJnp3)old 6u$.rels aql alolaq qlnoill 'a:er {leullalan

{<

< .ro1(a1nqr uolleultuuxa) s1ro1s as6

'sartpeld [.rpueqsnq leturou asn {< '6uluear* la1;e {' suolssas d6-u1o[ aaJq] Jo oml oO 'a6e ;o stlluotu xls ol aA$ le ueaM < 'der*e <{ luo} aq} qtrnol {leiv\ uaql pue "(|;ep 'qlleaq ;er1s{qd $ra$P Pue ,luepodru g sl r4llsoq ;e>;6o1oqr'(s4 <

'Pas!^PP 6u1Paa; daar3 " 'arnparold {ue

a)ualol1 1o ged e aq Jalou Plnoqs 'ple alqenle^ s s!lalpuPH leoj aql o 'sanbluqral alss atn << <{

aleurlxordde

IIIM saaol s,rapF e aJaqm alSuprns dur uo s8ulr apls aql'sauq Suof roJ aaq s8uu aprs aql sa^€al sIqJ'sJaqlllvr

iu atll

sSuu o't'r] aql ul sqar Jo apIS qr€a uo lls ]eql aql qlelle dleurrou 1 's8up apls o,ttl pue s8uq

-I

JaqlIM o,r,q'3uu do1 e seq alEuprns dyq '(gE'd) arnlrunf s1q1 1e ssarord 3q

-qlnou aql

u13aq 01 asoql nod

ppoqs uo ilQ

paldar* agJeus e lnd deur nod'alSutrrns aql 'eaJe {ueg s,asroq arp seq rals8unod rnod af,uo olul >Il€q Supqs ruo4 alSuprns rnod luaaald III,tr rellollsearq

aql rellof,lsearq

e

qllm alSu'n

-rns e asn pue dn-u1of op nod leql puauuroJar aredald 'ssarord Suprels aql roJ asroq rnod

l \ 8

A

1

o1 sdeP lral € asn o] asooql nod PPoq5 'uoplpuol poo8 u1 s1 qlnour aql arns am

uen

nod Irlun ralpq dlpnq aql 3u1sn aul13uo1 puunod ,Sururerl qll,r,r paalord o] luem IIIIs nod not suralqord due ere alaql JI '3u1q1noru lre]s

I

aumba aloJaq qlaal s,asroq rnod le >IooI lspuap 'sqluour alqelndar e aa€q o1 eapl pooS e sI lI gF.

slulod s,ftuo1A;

ol

VZ ]e

pauels aq o1 d1a411 arour aru spooH

-rure6 pue suelqerv searaqm 'a8e

1o

sqtuo{u

pauels dflua VZolglpunor€ alppes aql ol -ua8 are sparqq8noroqlpu€ sasJoH ralrenQ 'peJuSurluoJ aro;aq seq Supp rage dproqs ro 'uo la8 nod dla,tqre;;a auop aq uef 11 'arnpacord 3u1u1ur1 aql Jo lred ]uulrodrur dran e sI asroq Sunod qllr't ]I alpueq aq1 Eulqlnoy,t 'sasuodsar uos pu€ llq aql ol plald o1 'suorlrpuor asaql rapun 'surar apls Snus ';lasunq qleal ilIlr esroq rno

paqsud qum SuIaBuoI asool puauurotrar I 'slql -ruotrf,e a,req nod aJuo 'puaq s,asroq aql {Jn} otltl uolsue] q8noua dldde ol sdep aarql o1 apls 3uqe1 pue '1srg 1e dlasool alpb sular o1

aq1 Su1xg

pualuuroJal I'luapnls aurnba rnod

uo f,Ils€Ia qll1v\ sulal apls areld ol Iulluassa 1I oI'paqlrfs a^allaq I'Sutqlnoru poo8 alnlaxa uols -ap aA€q t leql )lIom a18u1rrns aq} }o aq1 -uatxa ,rn x1a-p sr Sulqlnou Jo ssacord 'ssarord Sullrels aqt Sulrnp elqno4 roJ I€lluel sI

'eare rlqderSoa8 rnoL ol al€Ial sluaruarmbau asoq] rutoq pue esroq rnod;o speau Fuolilqilr aql lnoqe palef,npa auof,aq nod leql 1sa33ns uI 'Ierulue rnod;o aJII arm d13uor1s 1 'uo111ppe

ur a8els slq] le aleFdordde paraplsuof dreurrala,t aullnoJ raqlo pue aruf,]ooJ 3uu$nu ur lua8qlp aq o1 rap€ar aql qsFolupu 1ln4 sils!,tr

dlpads ol

pcfl

'auop aq ppoqs leqm dlpexa p{xu -uI lou op 1 '4ooq sFD Jo{ 'd11't'pre raureJ asop dreurrala.t II€ Jo uoqelrasqo leuosrad puatuurotral 1 'sarnparord Suprels aqlpuu

Supnq Suruea,u uaarqaQ aruF Jo ueds slq] 'eurneq lurrSoloqrisd

uo

-od aqt aJnpal d1luerg1u81s dlpuuou IIIM sdep v 'aq alSuprns e qlIM Suruq 3uo1 ;o ^^eJ

o1 imtu4 aJnpal o1 dlaq pue 'ueurnq pu€ asrol{ plole uago 1p,t,r. aseql'alqe11€^E (a1nqr uoBsrr sruep -prexa) $1f,o1s ]o les a1ts € aN"q f,aqtleqr '>lrom roleru loq -nls dru Jo IIe 01 puaururoral I Eutpueq alm uI rulq Suuq 'rals8unod rnod;o 'plag aql q ailq1{ auop aql ernsua ol 'ra^a^aoH

Chapter

u

Creoting

oWilling Performer Respect for Sensitivity The horse is affected by everything we do, for better or worse. Every move we make, the veIocity and body language connected with it, is registered in his brain. Our putting constant pressure on the bit will dull the highly sensitive area of his mouth. If it was our intent to create a "hard-mouthed puller," this is how to accomplish it because a "puller" means a horse made insensitive in the mouth by constant pressure. A puller is simply going into-pressure (see p. 159) and consequently is one who refuses

to respond to subtle cues from the hands. The tissues have been toughened and conditioned

to the point that the horse pushes into them to resist cooperation. To create a light mouth, you must give signals with hands acting appropriately by using only the gentlest amount of pressure required. Once the desired response is achieved, you must be quick to release the pressure, which acts as the reward. Reward, through release ofpressure, is probablythe most critical factor in sustaining a light mouth. I attended a clinic a couple of years ago in Santa Ynez, California, given by Sheila Varian of Arroyo Grande. Sheila is a well-known and well-respected Arabian breeder, but many people would agree that her greatest claim to fame is the production of a mare called

188

Ronteza. Ronteza was a registered Arabian and

the only one to win the open reined cow-horse competition at the Grand National in San Francisco, California, against all breeds. After Ronteza, Sheila went on to produce many champion Arabians, both ridden and in hand. She has spent much of her career learning to develop light mouths and sensitive responses from her ridden horses. I remember Sheila dealing with a bay gelding, probably around ten years of age. She did not run and slide him, spin him around or work a cow, but she explained the equipment and the use of it to achieve optimum sensitivity. Sheila picked up the reins both from the ground and from her horse's back. She lifted them as if they had the strength of a human hair and touched his mouth with the bit as if his jaw was an eggshell. Her horse consistently dropped his chin at the appropriate time and responded beautifully to Sheila's slightest request. I remember that Sheila described the feeling

in the horse's mouth. She said that it felt like warm butter and that she brought the bit against the bars as though it was red hot and coming against the buttery tissues. As she demonstrated, I recall that her descriptions made sense to me, given the level of responsiveness

68r tsru eqJ 'dols ol asroq e alernpa o1 dlaq 11p'r alar1aq I leql saJnparord aql aulllno IIIM I 'u1q Supro; ueq] Jeqler uI esJotl 'dols o1 ]uelt o1 urlq asneJ o]

de,r,t P

aql qll^{ alerlunururor 01 alull aq] a{e} ol tl ]Pql aAeITaq I 'uorldurns

e^rlJeJJa aJoru JeJ sI

-se JreJun ue sr 'paureal aleq I 'srq1 'preSar s1q1 ur uraq] eletrnpa o] uoseer ou sI aJaq] ]eq] pue r{}lM uJoq aJaM sasJoq leq} alnqlr}le ue s1 Surd -dols leql a^allaq o] ureas suerrlsanba dueltr 'aq uetr esJoq eql a,ttleradoor .ttoq aur azewe ol saseaf Ja^au ]I 'lualadutoc IaaJ 01 rapF aql sasnel pue s>lJoM srql 'ue1;g 'do1s 11-,ra asroq aql /,ieoqM,, .{es pue sular aq} 1pd daqr g leq] a^allaq sraptr dueur ]€ql aru ol suaas ]I 'asroq rnod Surddols roJ anrl sploq atues

aql la8en8uel aql ureal o1 Ielralelll dressarau eq1 dpnls ]snur e.tt 'qtuarg leads o1 lue.t,t e.ta JI 'spo8 pa4sap aql qslldruorre 01 ureql 3ut1e,r -r1ou dlleclsulrlul Jo peelsul sesroq rno arroJ e^\ uaqM eAIlf,eJJa lou ere a,\,\ aAeIIaq I '{ooq srql ul paroldxa e^eq I ]eq^t Jo u€aq aql ]e sall Surddols o] uollnlos aq1 'do1s o] luent o1 asJoq rnod asner ol paau nod ]eql sI JeMsue aqJ 'dols ol pa>Ise uaqm allsuodsal ]ou sI pue JJo s1se1q 'raluer eql ]e peualqSlr; sla8 'sno,trau sI asJoq aql leq] sl aldruexa raqlouv 's1rq raqSnol puu raq8nol pasn d1p;ssarrnsun seq raplr eq] ]eq] pue qlnou preq dlaruarlxe ue seq 1 'sarurlauro5 drrnbul;o asroq eq] leq] plo] tue

sr

rarurolrad 6utllnn aql 6u;lea;3

/

11

.ra1deql

5Sa

'rapro 1saq6;q aql Jo 6ur -u!pr] s! qlnoul e^lllsuas e 6ulleal1 .. 't)alord 1q6lulano ue ]ou s! Lllnou a^!]lsues e 6u!leaJ) ( 'Jallnq ture^{ elll slaa} q}nou poo6 v {< 'le)lluf, ]soul s! PJP/!{aU {< 'asJoq rno spaJle op a/vl 6u1qyftan1

.

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sr 11 ,,2derr,tdue ltalord lq8rura'Lo ue aq p1notls qlnou alrlrsuas e Sutlearc ]er{t nod plo} rala ta8uol dlqeuosearun lou lnq ta8uol alel saop ]l 'Se,\,, 'st la,ttsue dprtr 'spueutruor

seare anbrlqo l€ralas olul qJunel deru uosrad aqt 'lulod slq] ]V ,,Zasroq dru dols I op ^{oH,, ual dol aq1 ur dllualsrsuol puu I auo 'arueq]

aures eql Jo are

daql

fi;g

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oq,vr pue

no

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e alalduor d11n;ssatrns plnom sraplr dueru MoLI rapuoM 1 'au11 8u1qsg ]sal punod-o.r,r] e

rpuelloJs 'pue1ea7 vtaS 'dueturag ut JO Sexal rue T Jaqlaqm 'ate suorlsanb aq] re11ur1s rtoq

rno

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sIr{

peq 'sanl Jo ]satq8rts aq] ol 8ul -puodsar uoJIuoJ alalduror uI >Iro.t,t srq paqslld -urorre leq] asrol{ e a}earf o} aJII raq 1o sdof eql Jo auo se^\ 1l t€q] atu plol ellaqs 'spueur -ap papueq-laeaq paleadar aql luasar uoos daql asneraq lroqs dlautarlxa ar€ sasroq asoq] ;o 1e dpeau Jo sraareJ aql ]eql 'des o1 uo lua.tt aqs 'am1 os1e sl ]I 'sanbtuqral raq8nor q]1m arurl uoqs e ur surds ralseJ pue saprls ra8uol alarqle plnotr sreuleJl dueru pezllear aqs ]eq] aru pTol aqs 'eIIaqS qll.tt suolssnlslp ralel uI 'lr op ol luolw 01 asJoq rnod 3uD1a3 roJ

urafuof, ]noqll^! llnsal perlsap

-re dluo 1nq'3ututer1 lou sl spueuuoJ pallg -arnssard qSnorql aruerlduro: olut asroq e 3ur -trJoc 'rapro 1saq31q aq1 ;o -aJ a^rlrsuas asaql

qsreq qll,,lr a8reqr a{el tou op nod uaqM ulerl o1 ra8uol tol e a>lp] tou saop 11;1 4se lq8ru ruaqt SuqeaJq ]noqtl1\{ 4ro,nt s,dep

dpaleadar aroldxa uaurasJoq leql sruel ]noqe ol dn Surppe a8uer,troueu e

-qord

olul

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Sutzerue s1 dlpar ]I ']lsl^ I selllunruuror aql uror; aldoad qllm Sulperalul sJnoq JnoJ pue aaJq] ueaMlaq puads I suollerlsuoruap dru 1y

asroH

seM

uraql Jo aug 'sruad aql ralo aperu saqlaads ul ples a^eq I teq] s8ulql uleuaf, llelar I

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1q8r1

req

padeldsp aqs se Sur,r,toqs selr asroq raq leql

thing you might do is to clear your mind of the notion that it is necessary to put on some harsh instrument of tack to cause the horse to stop. As I have suggested often in this book, horses are into-pressure ani-

mals. When you use force for stopping your horse, eventually he may go into that

force, refusing to stop. It is also true that pulling on the horse's mou(h with an instrument of leverage, you

will desensitize the very tissues that you depend upon

for

a

willing and sensitive

re-

sponse. There is no question that the best "stopping" horses in the world stop

with little or no pressure on

rr.r Monty stopping

competition. This pair won championships in reining, working cow-horse and in hand competition. Note the loose reins.

the reins. Find a video of any reining champisee incredible stops by horses who do so with slack in the reins. Once you understand that it is your respon_ sibility to educctte the horse to stop rather than demond compliance, you can begin to study the essential elements of intrinsic training where stopping is concerned. I believe that it is important for the horseman to realize that some of the best training for stops can be accompiished at the trot. Ifyou can achieve a desire within the horse to stop immediately on cue from a trot, then your chance of accomplishing this in the canter goes up dramatically. It took me many years to learn how impor_ tant ground surfaces wele in training the stop. If the ground is deep and heavy, it will strain iigaments and can turn ankles. Super hard ground will be equally counterproductive, but in a different way. The concussion of very hard ground will be painful, thus reducing the comfort of your horse during the execution of this

onship to

190

Fame pay Gold in a reined cow-horse

maneuvet. Anytime there is discomfort in the action you are attempting to train, it will de-

tract from your endeavors. For this book, I chose not to delve into the intricacies of the sliding stop that typifies the Western reining horse. It is my opinion that this area shouid be reserved for a specific book on that discipline. It is my hope to herein give the general population of equestrians around the world a knowledge of stopping the horse appropriate to a bload cross section of equine disciplines. Show jumping, dressage, polo, and Western disciplines all might benefit from the concepts I outline here, but wlthout the specificity each discipline requires to comply with the style of stopping needed. I will outline what I believe to be the most comfortable footing for your horse when schooling to stop. Refer to the section ,,Footing" (p.31), where my recommendations are quite similar with one exception. Wherevel possible, try to reduce the amount of the. Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing performer

reLuropad 6uttttnn aq1 6u1leal) 7 11reldeql L6L /preM

proM aql'sdnrrlls aql uo ssard pu€ -roy dpq8rls s8al rnod a'tolu 'u't'top ]ls 'dols pa3e3 aql alnlaxa oJ'uollolu preMroJ aqt ul

-ua dlreap are s8al pue saau{ rnotr'dn lsre'u' e uo dpoq rad aq1 urorJ a13ue pre.uroJ dtrq8tls plnoqs -dn aqt qllll'alpp€s aq] uI premroJ aq

uoplsod rno 'uollour premro1 aql ul dla.tpte are nod'3ur11or1 sI asroti aq] allqM pa8e8ua

'dots o] sanJ rlaq] eugap o] ,,3urprr 11nb,, tural saurldoslp Jaqlo tuor; suetrlsanba pJoM aql des pue sdnulls aql aqtr asn 1p,u.

.,(ue1\1 ,,1eoq14 ',

dtrq8tts auror ol Jo suro]]oq aqtr ssard 'pre'luo1 ppoqs s8al aqt no11e 'alppes aql uI radaap lls Japlr uralseg aql 'arua1 aq1 Surqleorddy

'asrlJaxa

aql roJ alerrdordde sI all€]sqo aq] ]eq]

aq

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se

ralatuuad

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arou

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-sard ou qllm os op sesroq Sulddols ssell-plroM due61 'uotlellunlrrurof, 1o arald dreruud.aql o1 AIuo se Jeleu pue dols ol asrotl aq] dpeals pasn aq ppoqs anf srqJ 'arnssard leru1ulur qlIM pelnfaxa eq ppoqs 1t 'do1s ol asroq e anr p1noq5 ol aplrq pue llq aql asn o] asooqJ nod '3ururn1 lualard o] suler plnoqs

aq] asn o] aJef

no.{ 'arn}lunl stqr rV 'durnl ol drl ro 'elual aql olul qserf ]ou Pue dols dlsnor'tqo

'Pedrul

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ulq 3unr3 a11qm

e qlIM 'lros aq] uroJJ aJuelslseJ Jo utnurlulul

slql dols e ol aluof o] asroq rnod ,tloll€ IIIM 'lros alq€lrJ 'asoo1 ;o LpuI tA ol z/r $oqe dluo ol 'uug aql 1o do1 uo pues Jo uolqsnr aseq Ia^al

'sdlqsuoldueq) plloM lnol uom '{uuqoI

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z'tt

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'lI pJeMol lq8rerls a,rour nod ]€ql os rulq PIoq 'araql la8 nod uaq.tt urnl e Sut4eut;o pealsul pue sarual aql Jo auo preMo] ruH lulod lsn[ 'sarnP -arord dlrea asaql SulPueq dlqeuoJuor asroq rnod a'teq nod uaqg 'Ia^ertr ol asooq:) nod uorlranP aql ut ura]]ed

relnrtlred ou

PUU

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asroq

ta

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?

"Whoa!" is simply to habituate your horse through

sound as well as motion. This will broaden the conversation you are havlng

with your horse when you tell him that you would like him to stop. As the horse comes to a stop, allow him to relax fol 30 seconds or so, stroking his neck in congratulation. Re-

peat this process

until you

reach a point at which you

will feel your horse begin to stop as you sit down in the saddle and execute the cues

while saying the word "Whoa!" You will soon realize that your horse is beginning to learn to stop from the cues and not from the

rr.3 Monty on Night Mist at the Cow Palace in San Francisco. Night Mist won two world championships and won 31 working cow-horse events back to back.

fence in front of him.

It is at this point that you should begin to start the cues slightly further from the fence. If the horse carries on to the fence that is fine, but

continue this process until you feei your holse taking the cues and stopping short of the obstacle. Be observant, and the flrst time you feel your horse stopping because of the cues, allow him to stop short of the fence, and you

dismount. If this incident is late in your daily routine, you may decide to simply lead your horse back to the stable and call it a day. I suggest that this procedure, as I have described, is a great les-

son no matter the disciPllne.

192

rr.4 Monty on Pepinics Dually. Dually won the National Reined Cow-Horse Association Triple Crown. Note the loose reins'

Chapter.ll / Creating the Willing Performer

t6t 3up1ar uralsaM aql qllll uaas aq uel ]eq} 8ulu -urds aurarlxe auros 11elap q ssnf,slp ol pua]ul ]ou op 1 '3urddols uo uollJas aql ur se lsnf 'surnl op o1 parrnds ro {f,nrls asroq eq} }ou aql 'arnssard puu upd lnoqtrIm paul€rl asroq aq IIIM '€sta.t-af,n pue '1q8p o1 ]Jal uo4trarlp '3uprea1 a8ueqc o1 3u11pr,l lsoru asroq aq1 rlsurJlxa ueql Jaqler (vgt'd) rlsuFlul SuFu -arJ o] dldde suopruourp€ alues aq] '3u1ddols ur se lsnf 'anr uo dlradord urnl o] asroq aql ? eleaJf, lel{l dtqsueutasroq poo8

uIqlIM arlsap

ol ]ueM I ;o slurod aql uolltras slql ul aroldxa

asroH rno^ 6u1urn1

rauro#ad 6utttnn

aq1 6u11ea.r1

/

11

'raldeq3

palnraxa pue areld u1 Jo rauler] aql 'd13u1pm aql qlIM IIaM sarnpatrord paqgcsap-a^oqe 'alPIJq Pue ]Iq o1 SulPuodsar u1 aruerlduror 1ry a8ernorua ol ]sn[ sdols rnod;o

auros raue o.t,r] ro dals e 4req ular ol lrydlaq sr

]l leql a^alleq

1

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dluo 1nq'p;dlaq sI dols aq1 Supnp sulal eql

dn 3uq:14 'lor1 aql ]e sldaruor aql 3u1urea1 ral -;e raddols 3uq11n e auotraq o1 arul] ssal qJnru a4e1 dlqeqord p.r,t asroq rnod 'aur8eurl lqBIuI nod sy 'ssarord arllua aql leadar dldurls pue ral

-uef arll o1 paarord uec nod'Sulddols slq rIIIM snoraua8 pue Suqlrvr sI asroq rnod acug

'sldaruor

'pJe/Y\aJ ol {f,lnb ag <( '{1.rea 6u;uleJ} u!asn o} lle6 alqenlul lsotu aql t! lorl aq1. " alelrdorddc aplAord <<

asaql sldarre pue peulurl-Ila^{ sI eq llun alqels aql premol dlDarlp Sur.roru sI aq uaqm elllou aq] uorJ dols 3uq11lr e ]cadxa ol

asroq

rl€Jun llq e st lI 'dols o1 uollellloru slq asearr -uI ol alqels slq uro4 deale 3u1re1 st asroq rnod dqaraq,rn alf,€lsqo Jo af,ual e 3u1sn dq

:6u11oo;

ol

"sulal aql uo aJnssard ou lo alnll tlll/tA dol3 sasJotl 6ulddols tsag 3qI << '6ulddots a^alqre ot ;(Br* aql lou s! Jeabpeaq qsleH << 'dols ol luerra ol asJotl no{ asnEl ol aq Plnoqs leo6 a{I r'

gW

slulod

sI asroq

s,d1uo141

o1

lgpads olooq

looq:s

rnod dlaq ol elllpe Jo alou auo

'do1s 3u111,vr e rage

dlalepaunul Supunouslp

dq alou a.lplsod e uo dep aq1 3u1pua'sdo1s aq IIeM lroq ltoqs ol alueqf, e asroq aqt eur13 uaq] pue 'lsrg uraql qsqdruoree ppoqs nod '3urute4 s,asJoq aql uI uo Suro8 srolce; raqlo are areqt JI 'Sulddors ro; ssarord Surlooqrs eql SuFnp SuFlorl lnq Surqlou Surop s>1aan 1q3pt raulerl pooS y 'asroq rnod SurPremar ro;

xrs 01

qluou

luauruorllua

e asn

aq1 Surlearc snql 'pa,Latqre Suraq

ale sllnsal uaqM eplJep ol uoJJa lear3 e a4eur nod leql luelrodurr sl ]I 'lou ro dols ol asooqr efu€qf, e urq Suptr8 'aJual aq] urorJ aJuel -slp alq€raplsuol P asJoq rnod anr pue uMop

'reulerl paqsllduolu lsolu eql o1 rapF arnslal aq] luoq 'aurldrcslp dra,ta dlpnpr,r o1 alqerlldde aq o1 Japlsuo) I leql dols aql Jo sluauala dreluaulpnr asoql 01 raldeqr srql auuuof, o] pappap I leq] pulu ul

leql qllM sl 1I 'sapl^llle asaql

dueur ur paroldxa uaaq a^€q sanbluqral asaql 'sauqdpsrp uralsag aq] ulqllm plaq suorillad -uror duetu ro; dressarau sJalnau€ur aJe asaqJ

01

lrs uala lq8tu nod'uossal luanbasqns u u1 dtu o1 .,'ralem qsarJ pue paru poo8 € qll.tr ruoor pue qleq e la8 'aruoq oB o] lo8 1 'sanl aut raplr dru asneraq paddols I uaq14,, '3ur oB

azre8

-{ulql

aq rq31u asroq aqJ '3ulq} peq e

Sulddols

ol uo

'do1p8 IInJ e ruoq sdols 3u1p11s analqf,e a.tour d1a,t1pa;;a lq8rur asJoq uJalsag aql

1eq1 Sugraplsuor

lou sr lq8ru aql puads p'ra

uolqs€J slq] uI paulPrl asroq aql l.eql IaaJ I

and cutting horses. Nor do I intend to go deeply into the precise movements of the classical pirouette used in dressage. I intend to give the general information necessary to cause a horse to be responsive in turning left and

right. I believe that forward motion is the enemy of schooling a horse to turn. Each time I set out to accomplish exemplary turning, I want the horse to understand how to position his rear legs on the ground using them as a pivot point, and then walk around that pivot point with the front legs. It will become evident to your horse that if he is to execute these turns with fluidity, he must cross the front legs as he steps in a circle to propel the shoulders, neck and head in a circle around the pivot foot. Once you have accomplished the pivoting, you can begin to ask the horse to turn while executing forward motion. I recommend, however, that your horse first becomes proficient with a form of turning by which one hind foot remains in contact with the ground at a single point throughout the turn. In the world of teaching the pivot turn, most of the top profes-

sionals create a pivot by which the inside rear

foot drills a hole in the ground while the outside rear foot walks forward around it, creating a circle about one foot in diameter. For some reasonr the way I train causes the horse to use the outside foot as a pivot point. He then backs the inside rear foot around the pivot foot, cre-

ating the circle. I find little difference in the quality of the turn whether your horse uses the inside or outside rear as the pivot foot. The important thing is that one foot drills a hole. The forelegs step laterally, to create a circle 5 to 6 feet (approx. 1.5 meters) in diameter around the pivot point. The head and neck should remain relatively straight in front of the horse, curving slightly in the direction of the turn. The spine

of the horse should also curve slightly toward the intended turn, but not excessively. 't94

I like a low head set when a horse is turning, because it suggests that he is executing his turn without pressure on the bit. If a rider uses much pressure on the headgear, he will bring the horse's head up and add an element of demand to the exercise that I consider undesirable. The slightest pressure with the reins, left or right, should cause the horse to respond and willingly follow that cue if it remains in effect. see when a horse willingly responds to left and right cues, particularly when the request from the rider is so subtle it is virtually imperceptible. To get this kind of response from your horse, I recommend that you begin your work on a good surface. The one I described in the stopping section is better than the deeper surface of the round pen. There is very little concussion in this exercise, therefore the horse has less material to push with his foot as he pivots. One should be diligent about using only level ground as it is very difficult to learn to turn when the surface is uneven. To start the lesson, you should first give the horse a normal day's workout to burn off pent-

It is a beautiful thing to

up energy. Once the horse has settled and is responsive, stop. Allow your horse 10 or 15 seconds to settle and then (usually with a snaffle bit) pick up either the left or the right rein. Encourage your horse to yield to the bit in the appropriate direction. The unschooled horse will move forward as he begins to execute the turn. Leave your hands down, allorving him to make the mistake of going forward tr,vo or three steps, and then pull with both reins straight back to put your horse's rear legs near the original starting position. Repeat the process in the opposite direction. Your student will probably make the same mistake again when you undertake the same disciplinary measures. Do not hit or spur the horse for any reason. What we are attempting to do with this lesson is to open a windorrthrough'which the horse can pass. This $/in-

Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing Performer

961

'ury Subeq aJP asroq rnod pue nod allqM uaddeq IIIM lI pue dex\ Jnod atuof, IIIM sllnsau 'allrus pue sldaf,uof, aql ul a^auaq'esJnoc aql del5 'spo -qlau asaql Suqsn dq surnl drelduaxa la8 1pr,r nod 'asroq f,Ilelqle ue qlpr,r 3u11eap are nod;1

'af,ualoll ro ra8ue ro; areld ou sI aJaql 'puaru -rrrof,er I 1eql sarnpaoord aq] IIe rIIIM sV 'sdep 96 ol 09 ul uolllsueJl slql alald -uro: dllensn IIIM asroq a8era.te aq1 '3u1u1ar >If,au aq IIIM asJoq rnod 'pue,vr P pelem peq nod ;r se 'pue ular aplsul aq] ualq8p o1 dressacau lou sr 1I leql e4lear p,rn nod 'uoo5 'urar aplsur aq1 ualq8p o1 dllq8qs lsrrm rnod Surxag 'asroq rnod urnl ol ul8afl 'pueq auo ut ruaq] ploq pue ]lq auJeus ar{} Jo sulal aql uaamleq sra8ug rno; lnd d1du4s 'lurod ]eq} lv 'uollf,arlp Jaqlla

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Monty's Points

w$

or force. " Train without Pain > Eliminate the desire to move forward while turning. ,, Create a turn with a Pivot Point. ,n €reate a window through whish your horse can Pass. in all of your training. " Be bilateral Provide the appropriate footing. '>

,, Make sufficient time to achieve

your goals. and smile. '' Stay the course > The horse will learn while both of you are having fun'

Changing Leods The walk is a four-beat gait. Each foot strikes the ground at a separate time becoming a part of the natural walk cadence. During the walk, the horse travels with his spine in a straight

line from tail to head. The trot is a two-beat gait. This simply means that two of the feet strike the ground at the same time so that the cadence becomes the unmistakable clip-clop of the trot. While virtually every horse tends to possess a slight curve in his spine, the trot will normally be executed with the spine relatively straight. The canter, including the gallop and run, is the gait I am going to concentrate on in this section. This third gait of the horse is recognized as a three-beat gait. It is during the execution of this movement that the legs on one side reach a greater distance than their corre-

sponding counterparts. This is why this is known as "the lead." Given this information, I think it is fair to define the word "lead" where horses are concerned as "the action

196

by which the four-legged animal reaches a greater distance in each stride with one side of his body than he does with the other." The very fact that this gait is bilaterally asymmetrical creates certain unique characteristics. If you visualize a human running, you quickly observe that there is bilateral symmetry. If you are sound and free of physical defects, you will do about the same thing with your left side as you do with the right. To explore further, visualize a kangaroo. He is con-

structed similarly to a human and yet he chooses not to split the legs, but to jump, us-

ing the two powerful hind limbs side by side' It is at once obvious that the kangaroo is also bilaterally symmetrical' In both examples, the spine remains relatively straight with the direc-

tion of travel. But the hotse's method of locomotion in the canter is not symmetrical. If, let us say, the horse is on the left lead front and rear, then the two right legs will tend to take a short half-step while the two left legs will reach significantly further to complete the stride. Conversely, this is true in mirror image if the horse is on the right lead. The fact that one side is acting far differently than the other creates a situation by which the spine of the horse is not typically held in a straight line. Generally, your horse has a short side and a long side and

many equestrians feel that horses are born us being leftwill deal with I study, this For right-handed. or only phenomenon the short side-long side

with this. It can be compared to

where the canter leads are concerned.

into a canter, a lead on to initiate him for difficult it is very walking you are his short side. Let's say that along and you want your horse to initiate a As you ask your horse to step

canter. If you gather his nose slightly to the right and use your dght leg against his side,

it

is extremely difficult to expect him to initiate a right lead. Drawing the nose slightly right and pressuring the right side will create a short

Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing Performer

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while horse fail to change front and rear leads on the traveling on the X, I suggest you stop start on and X' straight line on the end of the

the correct new lead again' In the early stages of flying lead training' Trainyou should use the figure-eight pattern' on lying circles ing 8, that includes two equal

approximately arJas next to one another with between meters) 6 to 5 (approx' 15 to 20 feet

an X them. These circles are connected with X the of centered between. The intersection distant should fall on a spot that is equally X should the of lines The circles' from the two on the points to travel from the intersection porwidest its of the circle at

common errors: circles of different (right)' sizes (left), and circles not aligned

11.6 Two

I suggest it side, you are apt to get into trouble' circles your place is much more appropriate to X to a slight separation between, and an

with join them.

It is important to study the proper geometry train of the figure-eight before beginning to geoyour horse in this area. The circles must be size metrically sound; they should be the same is a It shape' and form and lie in proper linear common fault to create one circle larger than the other, or to lay one circle slightly to the illustraeast or west of the other' Study these faults' tions and avoid these common I am a strong proponent of schooling ses-

sions that include many circles without flying is conchanges at all. Where the flgure-eight consecutive of cerned, I am not in favor changes. I suggest cantering two or three

change' circles, and then executing your flying opposite the in circles more doing two or three

direction, and then executing another flying your change. Consecutive changes can cause new horse to anticipate the creation of the

X incircle. This will encourage curving in the your Should line' stead of traveling a straight

198

circumference tion. For the purpose of this exercise' consider all the illustrations are lying north and

that

south. The Training 8 that I recommend should be the initial flgure used to introduce the horse to this exercise' only The exercise of flying changes should

with a young horse when he is hanin dling himself well while executing circles horse both directions on the proper leads' This hesishould step into the desired lead without stop should He asking' tation at virtually every slightthe on cue, stand relaxed and turn with

be done

your student est request from the rider' Once can execute all these maneuvers

with generos-

ity and adrenaline down, you are ready to begin flYing lead training' (flg' Observe the illustration Training 8 your canter already can you Imagine that

11.7). travhorse on each of those circles comfortably' exNow' eling on the inside lead, front and rear'

your ecute this action several times to orient it is feel you When land' the horse to the lay of

appropriate, begin to use the X as follows: Start by traveling clockwise on the south' When or bottom, circle and on the right lead' horse your guide 1, you reach point number

at numon that straight line pointing his nose right the with ber 2. Gather your horse slightly right rein and crowd him slightly with your

Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing Performer

661

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'saprJls a13u1s uo 3u$ueqc

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we expemotion of your horse' The enioyment

from achieving a rience with our horses stems thought probetter understanding of their The canter of cesses and their idiosyncrasies' of locomotion' the horse is a unique method partnership with and once fully understood'

other facets as your horse becomes easier in of the leads of well. The rider who is unaware partner' merely a passenger' not a his horse is

MontY's Points

rr.8 Finished 8: ideal circles for a

way' but cattle's know why nature is set up this like to think third gait ls not efficient' I would with our it is so we can catch up to cattle superior our horses and control them with reasoning' but athletes. I doubt this is sound at least it is true!

the action bY which the four-legged animal reaches a greater distance his in e".tt stride with one side of other' bodY that he doec with the > Flying lead changes are an important Part of virtuallY everY athletic endeavor' ,' StudY the ProPer geometry of the to figuie-eight before beginninq train Your horse in this area'

,' The word "lead" is defined

figure-eight.

a

In this section, each time I mentioned for your flying change, I discussed the need I dewhen But norrJ to change at both ends' which lead your scribed the act of identifying

to the horse is on, I confined my comments every virtually front leg. My reasoning is that properly' front horse initiating the canter leads it feels as and rear. If your horse is cross-led' a rear flat though you are in a vehicle with Be tire. Your horse is out of synchronization' leadis when he sensitive to the smoothness feeling uncoordinated the ing properly, and when he is not' rider' Whether a professional or a casual the you can have a great deal of fun studying

as

> Learn to identifY which legs are

Ieading. > StudY the PrinciPles of lead' changing. > Attempt to finish training sessions on a Positive note' ,, Follow illustrated directions' this >r Have fun learning about unique form of locomotion'

Performer Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing 200

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with refuse to back, then lock their head on their chest and march forward as though theY

intended to Pull Your arms off' I recall I was asked to work with a graY fillY who was phobicly averse to backingup. The owner told me that she would fall down before she would agree. I believed that the owner actuallY meant that the filly would fliP over backward, a maneuver I never found to mY liking. What I discovered was that the flllY would "lock" het feet to the ground, and then as

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rr.9 ldeal configuration for training a horse to back' you requested the back-uP, she would settle closer to the ground outward from the fence to approximately 40 so that eventually her keel (chest or brisket) inches (110 cm) from the arena enclosure' You would touch the surface. If you continued to can secure the panel with steel or wooden request the reverse, she would simply fall over stakes driven into the ground and lashed to on her side left to right. While this might be the panel. acceptable as a movie stunt of some sort, it With this in place, you have created a hallwas not desirable to me. way 40 inches (110 cm) in width at the widest, I have devised a system to work with remewhich then narrows to zeto where the panel dial non-backers that has worked for me 100 connects to the fence. The length of this panel percent of the time. It involves the Dually halshould be a minimum of 12 feet (approx' 4 ter and some lengths of panel fencing' As with meters). This provides an opportunity for you every remedial horse, I first recommend Jointo remain outside the panel while leading the Up, and for this particular problem, I also rechorse into the narrow hallway using the Dually ommend schooling to the Dually halter' When halter. You should pass the lead rope over the executing the advice in Chapter 7 on the Dupanel, and walk the horse as far forward as it is ally halter, pay particular attention to the prosafe to do. The horse's shoulders will eventually cess of backing-up on the Dually. The remedial find a spot that is too narrow for him so he will non-backer virtually always will accomplish stop. You should allow the horse to relax a moreverse with you using the Dually from the ment or two, and then back him in the same ground.

With the elements

of Join-Up and the

Dually clearly accomplished, you should place the fence panels in an area where you normally ride. The footing (see p. 31) should be safe and appropriate. You should fix one end of the panels to a secure fence that delineates the arena or riding area. This panel should then traverse

202

was accomplished Chapter 7' Once the horse is backed outside the hallwayr you can walk a circle or two and repeat the process. When this maneuver can be

fashion

as

accomplished comfortably, you should add another panel. The second panel should maintain the approximate 40-inch (approx' Chapter 11 / Creating the Willing Performer

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Chapter

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Conformotion Conformotion Defined "Conformation" means the physical structure of an animal, the assessment of which critiTo decally hinges on the intended discipline' is conformation scribe a horse as having good to say that his physical structure is exemplary

given its intended use. For hundreds of years, conformation has been a subiect of books on horses' It is imperative for anyone assessing a horse to have some knowledge of this subject' Your guide should be from reading and observation' The more

time you spend around horses using your eyes'

good the more information;lou will find about and bad conformation. An ability to judge conformation is acquired through years of experience assessing animate structure. You can be trained in the sound principles of this, but there is no substitute for experiencing the actual performing qualities of good and bad structure' Therefore conformation, including sound-

potential ness, should be a guide to the athletic of a horse. The draft horse needs to be strong' wide and possess a low center of gravity' While draft horses that are tall and bred for certain tasks such as shows and parades are impressive' usuthose that are wide and shorter of leg are objects' healy ally the most efficient at puUing

204

tall and narrow cutting horse will probhis ably have a difficult time synchronizing A

is movements to the short-coupled cattle he coordiexpected to control. This work requires enoruse to nation, agility, and a willingness mous amounts of energy to change directions and quickly. This is more easily done

efficiently when the horse is short-coupled and low set' Much like a hotse, the human longdistance runner is always lightly built and lean. There are two distinctly separate types is of muscles within mammalian bodies' One fastis a other a slow-twitch muscle, and the twitch muscle' Both these t)?es are powered by oxygen except one type of fast-twitch muscle, which is powered by a chemical reaction. It is this muscle that can grow into a greater mass thus creating the shape of the

lies horse that becomes the sprinter' Therein sprinter Olympic the reasons for the human to more closely resemble a bodybuilder than

he does a distance runner' Comparing the Quarter Horse and the Thoroughbred is a similar exercise' The Thoroughbred has been bred to run fast over moderate (approx' distances of ground of 1 to lYzmlles con1,400 meters), while the Quarter Horse's to up sprinting for formation is more suitable

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Non-Critical Elements of Conformation There are parts of the horse's conformation that I consider to be critical aspects when judging the horse for a particular discipline. There are other facets of his anatomy I consider important to the complete picture, but not

critical. One of those features that I consider not critical is the eye of the horse. Once you have judged the eye to be sound and anatomically correct-workable if you will-then how the eye appears is one of those subiective measurements where beauty is in the eye of the beholder. I, personally, like to see the eye of a horse large, dark, and appearing to be kind and generous. I often say that I like to see the eye of a horse look like that of a doe. However, I have known many horses in my time who had a large, seemingly kind, generous eye, and yet their personalities were the opposite. Most equestrians hold the opinion that a small, beady eye is likely to be on an unkind horse, and that an eye exhibiting a lot of white is likely on a wild or spooky horse. I believe, after more than five decades of observation, that these beliefs are generally far more imagined than they are real. If all else were equal, I would probably choose the horse with the beautiful eye. However, I consider it less important than those anatomical features more specific to the intended discipline. The head, while not critical to the performance of a horse, gives you a first impression that may overcome a horse's shortcomings in the eye of the conformation judge. I like a head that is short from top to bottom. It should be complementary and in proportion to the body of the horse. The very large draft horse should not have a tiny Arabian head. Nor should the Arabian have the head of the Percheron or an other draft breed. I prefer a head with wide-set eyes, with its greatest width at the eye level. The ears should

206

be equal in size and positioned to appear alert. Aesthetically, I am not fond of ears that are ex-

tremely large or listless in appearance. I like a horse with a sharp, mobile ear constantly following the path of the eyes to give the impression that the horse is alert and observant. I admire a large nostril and a mouth whose corners, while relaxed, end near the center of the open portion of the horse's dental structure. It is important that a bit placed gently

into the corners of the horse's mouth is then able to ride directly across the bars without interfering in any way with the teeth. I do not particularly like a large, droopy lower lip as I

it gives the head an appearance of being dull and insensitive. I like to see a tidy muscle with a lower lip that sits firmly against the feel

horse's upper lip. It is important that the upper and lower incisors of the horse meet so that the table of each opposing tooth meets squarely with

its counterpart. I consider overshot and undershot jaws to be unacceptable conformation faults. Most geneticists agree that aberrational mandible (jaw) construction is

inherited. I am vitally interested in the throatlatch of any horse that I assess. We are now coming into an area that to me borders on the critical. I like a throat to be small, but I like a great deal of distance between the mandible bones. Many people who study the respiratory tract of the horse feel that a wide passageway between the two mandible bones will increase the potential for a healthy breathing apparatus. I believe that a tidy and very small throatlatch presents you with less resistance when a horse is trained to be responsive to the bit and bridle. A horse that is flexible, clean and lean about the throatlatch is far more likely to be lightmouthed and responsive than is the horse that is thick and meaty in the throatlatch. Throughout most of my career, I have discovered that attempting to cause the horse that is Chapter 12 / Conformation

toz

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aql Jo peaq leturxord aq] ol urnul aq] Jo pua leurrxord aq1 ;o a13ue aql ol dreluarualduror aq plnoqs raplnoqs aq];o adols aq] l€ql sl uo .{}uorrd qBIq e areld 1 lradse raqlouy 'sa13ue alnle erour seq uolleruJoJuoJ asoqM asJor{ aql ueql urslrl}elqle roJ lequalod

ralear8 e sassassod dleraue8 aq 'a13ue aar8ap p saqJeordde rappoqs s,asJoq € uaqm

-gt

IaaJ I 'sraplnoqs 3u1do1s ;o all dtu IIP ]ue -uodord e uaaq a,teq 1 'lq8rrdn oo1 sI saar8ap

leq]

99 se

lq8prls

se

raplnoqs e pue 'saar8ap 97 ol a13ue poo8

aq plnoM relnrrpuadrad aql

e 'snJarunq eql Jo peaq aql o] elndels aq] ;o aulds aq] uMop auII e a>lel nod;1 1eq1 des o] aq plnoM aJnleal slql lnoqe a,rtlralqo aroru 'lq8pdn sI leql Jeplnoqs e o1 alqera;ard sr

aq o1

'asodrnd

uant8 e JoJ IeIuIue ue Sutsooqr ueqM para -prsuol eq ppoqs uolleurroJuol rlaql ol reII -nrad sarnleaC 'sn ol alqelle^e deue snorpuom

aq] ul anle^ puu o] ureel I arotu aql 'auror -aq I replo aqJ 'lsaq op daqt ]eqm roJ plroM eql uI spaerq 1p alelrarddu ol ureal plnoqs dtqsueruasroq;o runrlrads apIM e uI lualJ -gord aruoraq ol saJetr or{,l,r ueuresJoq duy 'Sutrer pue Surutar'3ut11n:-paletr -osse dlasolc lsour ure I qtrlqm qtlm seulldlrslp aql ur InJssalf,ns eq plnoM l€q] uelsalrc e ^{es Jaleu I 'paarq eql alenardde I allqll 1nq 'arnl -eaJ alqerlSap P

paJeplsuof sroleut8tro pearq

e sdeldsrp dpnord asJoq uelselrg aq1 'saurldnsrp 8ur.L1rp aql

aql leq] 4rau Surqrre 'qBIq

ur alqprrsap lsoul are daql lnq 'sasroq Surptr 'saurldlrsrp oMl uI InJJepuoM aq uetr suelsalJc

leuorldarxa sl 1I 'paalq uelselrc aql alepardde pue Mou{ 01 auroJ a,teq 1 'sread ua} lsed aql

uI 'alqerrsap ]r puu palqelppes ueJlreuv eql pup asroq ue8ro1nl aq] Jo srapaarq 11€-parraJ -ard sr 4rau Sulqrre 'qBIq e areq.n saurld -Irslp dlu1elral aJe araqJ 'punor8 aql ol Ielle -red 4:au srq seq asroq aql uaq,r'r peqsldruolf,e lsaq sr ruslrllalqlv 'SulqJre pue q8rq dlaurarlxa lno aruol lou pup punor8 aq] ol Iallercd d1a,rr1 -?ler sraplnoqs pue sraqllM aql llxa plnoqs

{lau aqJ 'ssarord Suprn8 aql 8ulrnp

a,us

-uodsar pue alqtu1u aq o] ulerl ol l1nlUJIp eq o] d1a4q s1 uoqs pue relnrsnur dlaurarlxa 'd>1pq dra.L sr ]eql {trau € q}lm asJoq aqJ 'ua}sds a:ueprn8 slq sl qllqm 'qlnotu s/asroq aql pue spueq rnod slJauuof leq] aJnleeJ lef,Iuroleue arrrsuodsar pue alqlxau e qll1!{ nod saprrr.ord {rau ueel '3uo1 aq1 'ql}€lleorql aq} uI }uem I ]eql saJnleal uPeI aq] s'\olloJ ]eql asoddns I puu {f,au ueal '3uo1 drarr e a>11 'dlleuosrad '1 'aslf,Jexa alury raqler e sI qlnou srq u1 1q311 aq o] qlt€Feorql aql ur 3uor1s dra,L

tit

til

l,]

THOROUGHBRED,FI LLY, PEKEEN

QUARTER HORSE, STALLION, QUINCY FEATURE

Shown at 3 years old; 16.3 hands high SHourorn Center of withers to proximal end of humerus, 26 inches (approx. 66 cm) QuARTERS Point of hip to proximal end of femur: 19 inches (aPProx. 48 cm) FRoNr I-rc Elbow to back of knee: 14 inches (approx. 35 cm) FRoNT LEG Cannon bone:7/+ inches

Shown at 3 years old; 15.3 hands high Suour-lnn Center of withers to proximal end of humerus: 26 inches (approx. 66 cm) Quanrrns Point of hip to proximal end of femur: 19 inches (aPProx. 48 cm) FRoNr rlc Elbow to back of knee: 14 inches

(approx. 18 cm) HrNl I-Ec Stifle to posterior point of hock:

(approx. 15 cm) HIND LEG Stifle to posterior point of hock: 21 inches (approx. 53 cm)

23 inches (approx. 58 cm) LENGTH oF NECK Posterior mandible to center

of withers: 33 inches (approx. 83 cm) The knee should look flat from the front, not rounded. Roundness is a warning of potential unsoundness. The knee is the equivalent to our wrist and is a complex joint, and one that can often cause problems, especially in horses that

work at speed. The cannon bone is the only supporting metacarpal left, the splint bones being remnants of two more metacarpal bones. This is

relic of the hotse's evolution from the threetoedProtohippus and Hipparion. As the holse developed into the animal we know today, these smalier toes remained the same iength; the central metacarpal became elongated as a

208

(approx.35 cm) FRoNT LBG Cannon bone: 6 inches

LENGTH oF NDCK Posterior mandible to center

of withers: 33 inches (approx. 83 cm) survival of the flttest dictated the need for a Ionger stride and greater speed. The front cannonbones should, byproportion, be as short as reasonably possible. The tendons and ligaments that lie posterior to the cannon bone are some of the weakest points of the horse. In motion, they carry about 65 to 70 percent of the horse's weight. The shorter they are, the stronger they are likely to be. The coilection of these tendons should present a picture that is perpendicular to the ground's surface. They should be as full at the proximal end as they are at the distal portion. I consider horses "tied in" just below the knee to have a significant con-

Chapter 12 / Conformation

602

'saaul palelor Jo lasJJo Sur.t'uq ro; dlluergru8rs asroq e azIf,IlIrJ IIIM I 'pulrlaq ueq]

I?rlllJl aJour sI s1q1 'ure8y '1uro[ pue

luoq ul auoq.$a1

qtrpe Jo raluef, aql q8norqt ssed ppoqs palearf, aurl eql d1pap1 pue punor8 aq] o1 raplnoqs aqt dorp ot alqe Jo tulod aql ruorJ qoq qrunld e 's8a1 aq ppoqs 1 'aru ace; ol sdols aq uaq14 JnoJ IIe salpuuq aq .troq qf,leM o] duunuoddo ue a^eq I alu prelvlo] sla^erl asJoq aq] sv 's8alaro; aq] uo spaJap alqeredruor ueql Ief -I1IJI ssal are daql JaAaMoq 'sf,IlsualfeJeqf, elqe -Jlsapun arc pulqaq ,,pa33a1moq,, pu€ ,,pa{foq Sulqsnd ro 8u1pnp

-MoJ, 'punor8 aql

JJo

-qe 8u1rnp Jnf,tro leql suralqord;o spupl asoql ruoJJ raJJns 11m 'aro;araq1 's8a1 rear aqJ 'saJue

-tradxa 3a1 luor; aql ]eql uolssntruof, asuaurlul aql a>Iel ]ou saop 1r 'pre,r,uo; dpoq aqr Suppp urnppuad e dperupd s1 3a1 pulq aql aruls

:aqlaSo] 3a1 aqr ploq reql s1uaue311 pue suopua] aq] Supsal dlsnorras erlJaul slq Jo ]sruq] aq] qllr'l punorE aql sa{pls oq.\,\ asJoq ,,pao1-uoa3rd,, aq] qll1vr anJl sI arues aqJ '3a1 ra,l,r.o1 aq] Jo snler€dde arpua aql uodn pareld ssarls alqlparf,ul sI aJaql '(aurorp -uds uqdeq3 allreql aql pall€l) premlno dler4eruerp urnl ]eaJaroJ al{l uaq6'd1qep -ardde arof,s uolluurroJuor rnod arnpar ppoqs uorlrpuoJ slql luoJJ suollel^ap luergpSrs

1nq

uolleuroluo3l

7 71

raldeqS

'pagllJar uoplas ere slf,aJep rrlaua8 talue; poo8 e dq padlaq aq dluo uel sall 01 apeu

-rl€rurouqv 'ralrreJ aqr

dQ adeqs

looq

,. AJ

eq uef, sluarua,Lordurl aruos 'saar8ap 99 o1 a13ue ue aas ol luem I algord aql uo looJ

79;o

'su18reru

aq1 I se pue Iaaq apIM e ra;ard 1 ^\aIA aql uo Tf,eJJ o1 pual IIIM srolotr ]uaraJJlp uI padlrls sllem puu I 'rolo) pllos € ;o asoql ra;ard

a^eq ppoqs l1 'a3re1 d1a'rlssar 1 pue 'slervr {trIq} -xa lou 1nq 'snolaua8 aq ppoqs Jooq aqJ 'lulol>poltal aql ]aaur daq] se uouuetr aq] uoJJ raqlrry uaq] pu€ aaDI aq] Molaq ]sn[ auoq uouuef, aql otr rasolJ suopual aql a^eq ol read -de daqr 'pa;ap slql qlIM'llaJap IeuoIleIuJoJ

(utt t6 'xordde) saqJul 8E :sraqllM Jo ralual o] alqlpueu Jolralsod )lflN co HICN:I'I (un g9'xordde) saqrul 9Z

qloq

ctrr cINIH (un gt 'xordde)

Jo ]urod rorralsod o1 agp5

saqf,ul 9 :auoq uouue] ciI-I JNOUC (ruc g€'xordde)

ctrl JNOUC seqf,ul €I :aau{ Jo {Jeq ol ^toqlf, (ru: gS 'xorddu) saqf,ul IZ:rntJral pu4xord o1 dq 1o lulod suaruvnO (rur tg 'xordde) saqful Zt :snraunq Jo Jo pua

pua leunxord o1 sraqllM Jo ralua3 u:ICITnoHS q8rq spueq 91 1Pa3Y

vs€n8'DNIC-I]9'NVID-ll8

'1ra;rad sI asJoq ou leql aztuSorar I aIIqM 'peaq€ lqSlerls

palulod selooq qg,lr aq1

aql

q8norql

01

.i

punof eql a>IIJls pue rI?

1a.ler1 '911

ppoqs

x

laeJ aqJ 'rear

luaf,rad 99 pue squIIaJoJ aI{} o} Ia^€u

;o aruepodurl aql Jo luarrad 99 lnoqe alf I 'sasroqarer q1yvr sread dueru du Jo asn€f,aq s8al ]uor; aql uo sqseqdrua qlpu uurnlor pulds aql qllm aull uo dI]laJIp Suqarreq s8al rnol 11e aas ol a{II plnom I aru ruoJJ derue s>11e,vr asroq aql sV 'uorlradsul ro;3u1pue1s sMoqs lI dlneaq rrlaqlsa€ aqt atldsap q8q lt arors o1 d1a411 rou rue I 'asroq aqtr Jo la^eJl aql u1 s8ulutoJuoqs luergru8rs are araql JI 'aru ol >Itreq uaql pue aru uIoJJ dune

'uorleurro;uof,

dlparp

asJol{ aql {leM

JoJ asJoq e

aulruexa I

IIIll uaq6

I

As I view the horse on the

proflle while moving, I like to see a willing walker moving easily over the ground. I give credit to the horse who swings the hind leg well forward and Places it on the ground well ahead of the track made bY the front foot. This is called overstriding, and is often the measure of a good athlete.

After viewing the horse in motion, I then stand back 15 to 20 feet and get a total Picture of the head, neck and

rz.5 Monty shown with Barlet winning the 1962 Grand National Championship Quarter Horse Stallion class as the late Charlie Arauio looks on'

body ol the horse' This is when I assess his triangle most crlticallY, and when I judge the Profile of all four legs. Here, I might see the horse that is excessivelY "over at the knee" or that

what I consider the inexcusable fault of being "back at the knee." Back at the knee, a conformational defect and often called "calf-kneed," is to me the most significant fault an equine athlete can have. It places great stress on the an-

possesses

terior faces of the carPal bones and virtuallY guarantees fractures when sPeed or concussion is a Part of the horse's disciPline. I do not like sickle hocks, a condition placing the hind foot too far under the horse. This is simi-

to the characteristic found in the German shePherd dog, which Places the foot anterior to a symmetri-

1ar

2to

PatRoberts on lulia's Doll winning a Championship in Western Pleasure class in '|963. Pat and lulia as a team won many championships at Halter, as well as in Western Pleasure' '1965' was on the AQHA Pleasure Honor Roll in 1964 and '12.6

Julia

and was awarded her AQHA championship in 1964'

Chapter'l 2 / Conformation

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ruoq pasnef, sapn[u1 o] dllear8 a]nqlJ]uoJ 11ptr

suralsed y13p4s d1a,r1ssa:xg 'ploruesas

aql Jo eeJp aI{} }e punor8 aq1 Supaaru asroq rnod a.ruq pue suopual aql uo ssaDs aq] o] ppe

dluregar

IIIrvr suralsed Surdols dla.trssarxg

'1u1o[ 4ropa; aq1 o1 q8norql punor8 aql uorJ sasrr lI se Jooq aql Jo uollenuquol e lsnf st ural leql sueau sIqJ 'sa^ooq aql JoJ unru aq1 yo a13ue

-sed aq]

-Ildo raprsuol I leq] saar8ap 99 ol Zg aql aluru -rxordde plnoqs daql 'suralsed aqr;o a13ue aql a8pnf o1 dsea st ]l 'algord Ilure^o slq] uorC 'aaDI al{l }e {Juq Suraq ueql snolras ssal leql raplsuof, I ta.lau.o11 'uo111sod pc

s,{1uo141

reJ lleJl

Chapter

4

Questions ond Answers Q: I had two horses at home and I brought a new one in. One horse accepted him and the

other did not. Can you help with this? A: With a new horse, it is important to execute the inffoduction gradually. Horses have a social pecking order. To fail to address this issue can result in iniuries to your horses. The introduction should be made only after you have created a situation where the horses can communicate over a safe fence. The process is often

called "buddying up." When you can sense complete comfort, only then should you attempt to place the new horse in the new fleld. This can take two or three days to possibly two or three weeks.

fectly comfortable being with you. I would add to that two or three sessions with the Dually halter. I would then begin to work on the bad side with the artificial arm (see "Your Horse and the Farrieq" p.1'27).I would use the artificial arm as it will allow you to effectively work with your adrenaline down. Gradually, gain the trust of your horse and this problem will go away. Q: Why does my dressage horse

A: Let me start this answer by saying that no horse evet does anything for no reason. I feel confident that if I were to study the situation regarding the bolting of your horse, I would

identify the Q: I have a horse that is one-sided. He is perfectly fine to handle on one side, but I can do

nothing with him on the other. What do I do? A: This one-sided condition can result

from

two distinctly opposite causes. One could be that the horse has been handled virtually entirely on the good side, but ignoring the opposite side, or the horse has been abused on the bad side. No matter what the situation is, the process to correct it is virtually the same. I suggest that you useJoin-Up. I recommend three or four sessions on consecutive days, or until your horse is relaxed, following you and per-

212

bolt suddenly

for no reason?

cause.

While the reason for your

horse's behavior may come from an extremely long list, let me speculate with an educated guess. I want you to realize that without seeing

your horse I could well be wrong, but I have addressed this question often in the past. Dressage horses are asked to train on a daily basis in an extremely controlled frame. Few dressage riders find value in allowing their horses to relax any time during a training session. I find that horses handled in this fashion will often reach a breaking point. Their tendency is to express themselves by forcing freedom from extreme restraint. Sometimes they rear. Some-

ELZ

aq] Sulf,uauadxa

'sarnpaJord paulllno dlqeiloJruof, puels

a11qm

IIIM oq^l asJoq aql Jaqloq ra8uol ou ppoqs sraddrp pue derds pasul 'passalpp€ aq IIIM suralqord dueru pue 'peaq pu€ '4rau 'dpoq s1q ra^o IIe lr asn rotoIII I?JIJlJala ue Jo punos aq1 Supeaq eIIqM rleq ]e,t,r uo JIe rurem Jo uoJluof aq] IaaJ o] esroq eql MOIIP tadrp rpq E qlIM pue 'arnsollua aql ruoJJ asJoq aql arroruar nol

]eq} ]sa33ns I 'uMop la,l dlq8noroql uaaq s€q asroq rnod aruo nod paproJJe dllunlroddo ue dlluerglu asn

-31s

MeJ

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IIeJ ]ou plnoqs

no

'paf,npeJ

aq gm uralqord rnod pue 'slql Jo suolsses V '{feu aql pue peaq aql Sutpnlrur ',raao

IIe asJoq aqt derds o1 alqlssod sl lI illun {roM .{lenperg 'asroq aq} yo dlaq eql ua^a pue s8al aql oluo lq8rerls derds aql lcarrp uer nod o,\,\l ro uolssas € qlllv\ l€ql Ieurou sr 11 '8ulpaar -ord aro;aq uIeJ qsllqelsaer pue 'de,r,te ralert

aql >lleq pFoqs nod 'drnful asne: lqBpr leq] de,r,r e ur Supre sr Ieurue aql teql 1aa; nod arurl aql derds uer dlleraua8 nod 'aurr1

duy

's3a1

uoqs e reUV 'lsru 1e s8al aql lJetuof, o1 qselds aql 3upr,ro1p 'asJoq aql o] rasolf, ratem aql la8 dlenperg 'atrual ro IIeM aql uo q8q dn 'a1q1s -sod; to roop uado dlpprud € uI puels uer no1 'lerurue rnod ruor; de,ue lart toou aql uo rale,ra..{erds o1 ufaq 'asoq uapre8 e o} paI{J?} -le radurds d1r3-1o1s{ e qllm pue 'arnsolf,ua aq} ur asJoq Jnod af,eld 'Suppaq ou pue roog prerl e qll^{ lsaq sI lI 'alueJ Jo slpm q8q 'eJes qll1\{ aJnsolf,ua llerus ro llels xoq e asn nod 1sa33ns 1

'af,uepunqe ]ear8 ul slsrxa ualqord aqt d1lua -redde pue uoruluof, dra.,l e st sIqI:V uoqsanb ;1sa66ns no{ op leqM'llls!l -;eq sao6 ag '1ue;;adal pasu! asn louue) I puP r.uFl uo.reler"r {e.rds louue) I i{e.rds;o paua qllm op I op }eq6:O

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suollsan! /

51

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llrd pue utoor8 ot luelrodut st u leql lsaSSns .reqlrnl t '(lEt 'd) ralpueH Ieoi aql Io asn aql tsaSSns I 'raqlou qq apls8uop IeoJ aql 3upea1 sr ro]f,eJ luelrodrur lsolu aql dlqeqord 'a8e;o pue atruelol^ lnoqll^l. IeoJ

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sls a,

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qll/t^ 6u;leap lnoqe /vlouI

plo-qluotu-oMl plnoqs I 6u;qr

P

3ur. ,/'eru

unq ol

Sulo8 lou ar,nod leq] peJnsse IaaJ I pue lrou paxeleJ Iu,1,, 'sueatu ]eql ]lu all]?Dsuouap srnoq;o aldnor u e sr lT 'alels slql alalqf,e o1

ol dn a>lel uel ll l€q] puu saupauros 1 'sa1e8 SuFrels ]€ sasroq qllm >Irolt I uaqM 'uleJq aq1 aleua8dxoar otr ralo 3ur4e1 st rualsds Jraql asnef,aq u,vrud pue xelar 1,daq1 'alp o1 SuIoB ]ou are daql leq] pausles auroraq daq] ueqm ueql pue etul] 3uo1 e JoJ sallasrueql qsnd 11,daq1 dlara.l,as ulerq aql qor pue uraf, -uof, aruarlxa;o spolrad Jalua IIIM IUAIAJnS roJ lsanb rlaql uI sasroH '{rom roJ papaau salJsnlu ol ua8dxo uStsse arvr uolsuel pue uotlraxa 3ut -rnq 'ua8dxo Jo uleJq aq1 Suprrels s1 Supp;o luauale aug 'ua8dxo q a{e} o1 s1 Surul.ed pe aqJ 'sasror{ qlpr,t 3u1pap uaqm 3u1 :y

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uorssas

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Suluprl aql ruoq

ualJo pue 'pre,r,r.4:eq unr pue 4pq daql saurp

Q: I am afraid of catching my horse in the field. What should I do? A: If you are afraid to go catch a horse in the field, then do not do it. A horse can sense fear and has the potential to get you into a lot of trouble. Learn how to move around a horse and get an older, trained horse to work with before you take any chances out in the field. Once you can move around a horse well and you know where he is going, you'll be more comfortable going and catching your horse.

Learn the Language of Equus (p. 11), and study Catching Horses (p.177). Q: Why does my horse shake her head up and down while we are out riding? A: While I am not one who quickly recom-

mends equipment to solve problems with horses, I suggest that the use of a black iron bit with copper inlaid in the mouthpiece is

often helpful with

a horse

who habitually

tosses her head. Once you have secured the

proper mouthpiece, I then recommend a process of bittinC up (pp. 33 -35). I fully describe a process of bitting up that I believe will help the equestrian where head-tossing is concerned. It is critical for every rider to understand that the human hands are usually the culprit in creating a horse that tosses his head. As equestrians, we should always look inward before blaming the horse. Q: What do you do with a horse that will only allow one person to ride it? A: I find that a horse who tends to trust only one person generally has a good reason. Most often, it is because that one person has treated him in an acceptable manner, while others have been inappropriate in their treatment of him. I do not accept the premise to the question/ howeveq because I believe I could deal with the horse, instruct the rider, and successfully cause anyone appropriate to ride

him.

2',t4

Q: ls it harder to get a very dominant horse to

do Join-Up? A: Yes, it's a bit hardeq but when I say a

bitharder I mean just that. While it may be slightly more difficult, I recommend that the horseman not dwell on the negative. The toughest Join-Up is so much easier than the best of the traditional methods that you should look forward to having fun with the process. Do Join-Up and count your blessings. Q: How does one apply the Join-Up method

without a round pen? A: The round pen is not the critical factor in applying these concepts. It is a convenient place in which to work. Should you use a square pen, horses will tend to "stop down" their energy in the corners. Ifyou take a square

pen and panel the corners off, you effectively create an octagon. This nearly round enclosure will work very effectively. If you choose to

work with horses in a wide-open space, their natural tendency will be to work in very large circles, and you must be in very good shape to go the distance with them. Q: Do you recommend tying your horse in a tra iler?

A: Sure, I recommend that you tie your horse in the trailff for several reasons. One reason is that if you have to stop very suddenly and the horse happens to have his head down between

his front legs, he could be injured. Do not over-restrict your horse; the tie should be used

to keep him from dropping his head down between his front legs. Q: How does someone introduce your methods to those people who would sing the praises of traditional methods? A: I think that the key premise in answering this question is to say that I would like my horses to do the talking for me. I believe that if I hold true to my concepts, the horses will

Chapter 13 / Questions and Answers

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'lou

aq lnq 'alro.t dur sJeaq eq sI ueaur I l€q6 dlqeqord'MeN Zaru ol ualsll aq saop lnfl'urlq ol {1e} 1 'aslnol;g ,,1depo1 nod qlgl dn s,leq'r't

'aJnS :V 'ueur p1o nod'd11enq,, 'des lq8nu I no{ p1nory1 :[ ZasJoq e ol llel {1;eu.rou

'alnu e ureD o1 de,tr aAIlf,aJJa lsoru aq] sr dn-ulofter{l salellaq ,,'uelu e1nlu,, aurt18uo1 pue Supupdurt

eq] roJ sasroq a.trleradool Sulruauadxa pue e Surlero'rpe

Sulureg ol qreordde luelolluou

p1nom I Iapou alor poo8 e aq 01 ra;ard qrnur 'sanbpqral dru asn ppoqs ueulsanba raqlo -ue l?ql pueuap Jalau IIIM I 'Eurqldue op o] 's}dacuoc asJoq e Supro; ]noqllm {JoM I se lsnf dru ldarre ol ueurasroq IeuoDlperl aql Supro; ou sI araql'11am ruro;rad pue ureal o] anulluof,

Q: ls Join-Up effective for older horses that have been trained by traditional methods? A: Absolutely! I have a long list of older horses formerly trained with traditional methods who

then were brought to me with what seemed to be insurmountable problems. Lomitas, Prince of Darkness, Barlet, My Blue Heaven and many more were retrained usingJoin-Up and went on to become champions. Some horsemen maintain that my methods will eventually be better known for their effect on remedial horses than raw ones.

you Q: Do you always ask horses to follow around at the conclusion of the Join-Up session? A: In the past few years, and with the encouragement of Crawford Hall, who has worked with me for over twenty-five years at Flag Is

Up, I do it on a regular basis. Mr. Hall has come to call it "quality time," and we believe that it is quite helpful in creating a horse who is content with his work. I am certain that it does

not hurt and convinced that it can be helpful' Q: Do you recommend martingales, draw

reins, tie-downs or chambons? A: I would like you to think about this one carefully. I am being asked here for an opinion on equipment that is fully extrinsic. I believe that a horse properly trained by my methods virtually never needs any one of these. If I were asked if I have ever found them to be helpful, I would have to answer honestly that at one time or another, I have found aII of them to be helpfuI. It is difficult ever to say never, but the need

for extrinsic equipment is extremely rare when dealing with horses trained by my methods. Q: How do you reward a horse that does not like to be touched? A: In the Join-Up process a maior reward is to walk away from the horse. Since this does not

require touch, it is easy to do. Walking away'

2'.t6

however, should be used only when the horse gives you positive responses. Properly executed, Join-Up will, in a very short period, encourage your horse to accept touching (see Chapter 4). No mustang I have ever worked

with allowed touching at first, but all mustangs that I have worked with found value in it eventuallY. Q: Do you treat one sex differently than

another during Join-UP? A: Where horses are concerned, we have three sex categories to deal with, the stallion, the

mare, and the gelding. There are differences in their responses to Join-Up, but it is fair to say their similarities far outweigh their differences' My approach is nearly the same in all cases' The gelding is usually the most steady of the three, but only slightly so. The fulI male is a bit more cooperative than the female, but again to a very minor degree. Females tend to be more sensitive and thus less tolerant of "tickly" things such as saddle and girth. It is also true that the female will sometimes want you to stop in the middle of Join-Up and reserve further work for another day. Over the years, statistics will suggest that myJoin-Up sessions average 27 minutes for geldings, 2TYzminutes for colts, and28 minutes for fillies. I do not feel that it serves the horseman well to worry that much about the sex of the horse. Q: ls it ever appropriate to physically discipline a horse? A: No, it's not. The greatest discipline a horse

can endure is to be banished from the herd. Inflicting pain is not effective. They are flight animals, and they have no intention of causing harm. What good is it to whip them? It iust reinforces their notion that we're predators and out to hurt them. In fact, such an action will create an adversary so negative toward the human that any hope of turning him into a partner will be greatly diminished.

Chapter 13 / Questions and Answers

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2{11uanba.r1 os

'elqerrsep erou eq lq8rur laa; gv ol W aqderu 'a{II aq} ro saruod qslaM aI}}I 3u1sn ar,nod JI 'laal VS ot ZS ot tno oB o] luem lq8nu nod 'sasroq fueaq '31q eql olul 1aB nod g1 'urnrutldo s1 (sralaru 9I) laal 0g lnoqe 'sasroq elppes pazrs -Ieurou Surop ar,nod;r lnq taloo;-uo] e asn uec nod 'sasroq aJnlerurru 3u1op are nod y1 :y luad puno.r e

-aroJ aql uo asroq aql

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run. I recommend that the process then be reversed so that you end your training session at a walk. You should allow the horse's

adrenaline to fully subside. I recommend that you dismount in the center of the arena and either sit on the ground, or walk with the horse for several minutes to

r3.r Diagram of a barrel racing training course. I've witnessed barrel-horse riders jerking the horse's mouth with both hands to get him to stop. Then, consider that the rider will wait around for a while and ride toward the arena to ask the horse to do it again. Horses are not stupid. Why should the horse ever want to do that again? It amazes me how cooperative barrel-racing horses are under the circumstances. For this answer, I would like the reader to understand that there are several gymkhana events that essentially fall into this category. For the gymkhana trainer and rider, I would

like to recommend these same procedures. It is necessary for the gyrnkhana participant to tailor the course pattern appropriate to the activity in question. I recommend that training sessions for barrel racing horses should be accomplished with four barrels in the arena. I believe that the horse should be brought into the arena in a calm, cool fashion and that he should be ridden at a walk for a few minutes. Then, begin the schooling process in a constant, ongoing fashion. When the third barrel has been executed, there is another barrel course in front of the horse. You should execute the second course and then return nonstop to the first course. A schooling session might be done at the walk, trot, canter and

218

completely disengage the horse from the training process. Having accomplished each ofthese tasks, then you should lead the horse out of the arena. If it is possible to vary the gates used in the training sessions, this is desirable. The barrelracing trainer should pause to consider how long it takes to train a horse to run out through the arena gate. I suggest that this can be accomplished in one or two training sessions, and should in no way be a part of the daily training routine. I maintain that whipping the barrel-racing horse is highly overrated as a means to lower the total time. I have been impressed in recent years to see that many barrel racers are using a short piece of rope fixed to the saddle horn that they flick back and forth in front of them to encourage the horse to run faster. This is seldom a pain-producing maneuver, and is far more effective than a burning whip. Q:

Why does my horse refuse a jump?

A: Undoubtedly, you have overmatched

him

at some point. Get the fences lower, let him have fun, and rebuild his confidence. Elevate the fences gradually, attempting to discover his maximum capability.

Chapter 13 / Questions and Answers

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ChamPionshiP in 1948.

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ALLECED

Hoist the Flag//Princess Pout

World! highest-weighted racehorse, 1977 and 1978; winner of the Prix d fArc de Triomphe

WALK lN THE

Walker's/Oriental Cal

California Champion 2-year-old Filly; Hollywood Lassie Stakes Cr. ll

lwice

SUN

BOY ENDOW

IENNY'S

SUMMER

SOUND OF

Pet

Petrone/Princess Flying Paster/Kindheartedness

oion"e/Summer Mark gold gidder/Merry Twirl

Cr' Stakes winner California Derby Cr' ll winner Ashland Stakes' lnternational Cr' winner lnternational Stakes Champion' Japan lnternational Stakes Winner lnternational Cr' Stakes-placed

SPINNER Little Current/Ameribot CURRIBOT RIDCEWOOD HICH Walker!/Class Slipper MEHMETHisMajesty/Soaringlnternationalcr.Stakeswinner,syndicatedfor $5 million Stakes Cr' ll winner unnyslopes Lyn Plotting/lo Sue DENA lO lnternational Cr' Stakes-placed Melody Na'ilue/lvtarching Our PRINCESS MY NATIVE lnternational Sprint Champion Full Pocket/Napalm FICHTINC FIT lnternational Cr' Stakes winner' Rajababa/Dumtadumtadum NEPAL Seminole H Gr. ll, Canadian Turf lnternational Cr' Stakes-placed Thrills Nantequos/More THRILL RARE lnternational Cr' Stakes Winner Lou IUSTONEOFTHEBOYS Numa bompillus/Chrissy Gr' Stakes-placed Finesse a Man/Stage Raise STACE ON RAISED Timeless Moment/Screen Trophy lnternational Cr' Stakes-placed MOMENTUS lnternational Cr' Stakes-placed Ayldar/Rolling Stoner ROLLS ALY BALDoMERoPasdeSeul/ClonaveeClenHarvestHlnternationalGr.winner La Jolla H' Stakes winner PERFECTINC Affirmed/Cornish Colleen Cr' Stakes winner, Oklahoma Stakes winner' Music the PERCEIVE ARROCANCE SteLlar Envoy/Stop BOLD

TIMELESS

AppRoVED

ANSWER To FLY

DAyluR

Answer Approval

Timeless/Frosty Flying Paster/iacit

Danzig/cold

Beauty

Pomona Stakes winner Cr' Stakes winner Cr. Stakes winner, Linda Vista H Cr' lll' Silver Belles H Cr. ll Highest Rated sprinter, 1990

worldt

SEASIDEATTRAcTloNSeattleSlew/KarmalnternationalGr.winner cr' winner Mr. Prospector/Blushing Princess sapling stakes, lnterndtional CARSON CITY PRoFlTKEYDesertWine/SharmaSheikDwyerStakesGr.ll,lnternationalCr.winner SPEC|ALHAPPENINCRelaunch/CentivoclnternationalGr.winner R|CHARDRDr.Blum/silentvaporBayshorelnternationalGr.llStakeswinner Champion Turf Horse' lnternational Cr' Stakes STAR OF COZZENE Cozzene/Star Cem winner over $3 million

ALABAMANANAFathatching/lmagelntensifierlnternationalStakeswinner

joHNNY,SIMACE stagedoorJohnny/supremeDelight

STONED AMNESTY sKlPPIN'

Dream Free/Pasampsi

Majesterial/Drunkard's

Flyio

HollywoodTlrflnvitation lnternational Cr. I winner lnternational cr' stakes-placed', 1997 Ranked on Free handicap' 1998

SHOW RING AND IUMPING

NAPUR KINC

SCREEN

SPARRINC

PARTNER

Damascus/Lodge Screen King/Lil lo

Fighting Fit/Lu Qu

lnternational Champion lumper in six countries by money won. Champion Hunter in U5,1987 Champion Creen Hunter in US' 1988

by Monty Roberts personally' It The 60-plus horses listed above represent only horses 6cttt6lly started produced by Monty Roberts that had should be noted that this list does not include the many champions international importance' To achieve a position been started by someone else. Each performed to a level of caliber. This list does not include on this tist they must have been a winner in competition of the highest the winners of local competitions.

224

Appendix / A RetrosPective

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GOGGLES An apparatus similar to blinkers,

but with a see-through structure that completely covers the horse's eye. HARROW An agricultural farm

tool often used

to prepare the soil of riding areas. pacif,er is a type of goggle made of see-through wire mesh. It is designed in a dome shape to cover the eye of the horse.

PACIFIER The

PREDATORY oT "PREDATORIAL" A word to de-

scribe the aggressive actions of a flesheating animal.

That distance from the horse where it is likely that he will decide to press into pressure rather than flee from it.

PRESSURE ZONE

SACKING OUT The action of tossing a frighten-

ing object at a horse with the intent to desensitize. SAFETY ZONE Used a place

in this context to describe

where the flight animal feels com-

fortable to go.

Beltlike straps of leather with a section of elastic. These are attached to a saddle or surcingle on one end and attached to the horse's bit on the other. When attached, they position themselves approximately where the rider's knees would be.

SIDE REINS

SURCINGLE Often called a belly band, a surc-

ingle is a belt-like object. It is to be placed around the circumference of the horse's body, most often termed the heart girth. It is generally from 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) in width, and has an English-style girth on the bottom portion. It may or may not have a breastcollar.

230

TWITCH A mechanism of restraint most often made by placing a loop of cord at one end

of a wooden pole approximately 1 yard (1 meter) in length. The loop of cord is generally about 8 inches (20 cm) in length, and is used to encircle the nose of the horse and twisted in such a fashion that it causes so much discomfort the horse is immobilized.

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