'M@JGLQ ?LB4PMJJQ
BY*OHN(AMILTON
6)3)453!4 777!"$/05"#/0UBLISHEDBY!"$/0UBLISHING#OMPANY 6IKING$RIVE 3UITE...
99 downloads
979 Views
1MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
'M@JGLQ ?LB4PMJJQ
BY *OHN (AMILTON
6)3)4 53 !4 777!"$/05"#/0UBLISHED BY !"$/ 0UBLISHING #OMPANY 6IKING $RIVE 3UITE %DINA -INNESOTA #OPYRIGHT Ú BY !BDO #ONSULTING 'ROUP )NC )NTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHTS RESERVED IN ALL COUNTRIES .O PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER !"$/ $AUGHTERS IS A TRADEMARK AND LOGO OF !"$/ 0UBLISHING #OMPANY 0RINTED IN THE 5NITED 3TATES %DITOR 0AUL *OSEPH 'RAPHIC $ESIGN *OHN (AMILTON #OVER $ESIGN 4$) #OVER )LLUSTRATION ,ONG 3HOT ,OUIE Ú $ON -AITZ )NTERIOR 0HOTOS AND )LLUSTRATIONS P 2UMPLESTILTSKIN Ú $ON -AITZ P ,ONG 3HOT ,OUIE Ú $ON -AITZ PP "LIND #ORNER Ú *ANNY 7URTS P 3CHNEEBLE Ú $ON -AITZ P 3PACE /PERA Ú $ON -AITZ P 'RAND 0HOOBA 3CHNEE Ú $ON -AITZ P 'REEN 'OBLIN COURTESY #OLUMBIA 0ICTURES P *22 4OLKIEN COURTESY (OUGHTON -IFmIN P 4HE 0ERILS Ú $ON -AITZ P TOP BOTTOM ORCS COURTESY .EW ,INE #INEMA P TOP 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS BOOK COVER COURTESY (OUGHTON -IFmIN P BOTTOM 7ARCRAFT ))) ORC COURTESY "LIZZARD %NTERTAINMENT P /RC 5RUK (AI COURTESY .EW ,INE #INEMA P 4HE (OBBIT BOOK COVER COURTESY "ALLANTINE "OOKS P WOODEN TROLL SCULPTURE #ORBIS P 3UMMONS 3PELL Ú $ON -AITZ P 0EER 'YNT AND THE 4ROLL +ING -ARY %VANS 0ICTURE ,IBRARY P TROLL SILHOUETTE #ORBIS P TROLL CHASING MOOSE -ARY %VANS 0ICTURE ,IBRARY P TROLL DANCE -ARY %VANS 0ICTURE ,IBRARY P STANDING STONE #ORBIS P "AD /DDS Ú $ON -AITZ P ONE EYED TROLL -ARY %VANS 0ICTURE ,IBRARY P TROLL FROG -ARY %VANS 0ICTURE ,IBRARY P *APANESE GOBLINS #ORBIS
,IBRARY OF #ONGRESS #ATALOGING IN 0UBLICATION $ATA (AMILTON *OHN n 'OBLINS TROLLS *OHN (AMILTON P CM &ANTASY FOLKLORE )3". 4ROLLS 'OBLINS ) 4ITLE 'OBLINS AND TROLLS )) 4ITLE
'2( gDC
#/.4%.43
'OBLINS 'OBLIN 4RAITS /RCS /RCS IN 4HE (OBBIT 4ROLLS 4ROLL &OLKLORE 4HE 4ROLLS IN (EDALE 7OOD ! .ORWEGIAN &OLK 4ALE /THER 4ROLL 4ALES 'LOSSARY )NDEX
'M@JGLQ
h.EVER MESS WITH 'OBLINS (ARRYv2UBEUS (AGRID (ARRY 0OTTER AND THE 3ORCERERS 3TONE
OBLINS ARE VILE NASTY LITTLE CREATURES HUMAN IN SHAPE BUT MUCH SMALLER IN SIZE 4HEY STAND ABOUT THE HEIGHT OF A TABLE OR SHORTER 4HEY OFTEN HAVE HIDEOUS DEFORMED FACES WITH WICKED RED EYES 'OBLINS ARE SIMILAR TO THE BROWNIES OF #ELTIC MYTHS ,IKE BROWNIES THEY SOMETIMES PERFORM HOUSEHOLD CHORES SUCH AS SWEEPING mOORS OR CHURNING MILK "UT THESE HOUSEHOLD SPIRITS ARE ALSO NOTORIOUS MISCHIEF MAKERS )F THEIR HOST FAMILIES ANGER THEM GOBLINS TAKE GREAT PLEASURE IN TIPPING OVER PAILS OF MILK OR BLOWING SOOT DOWN CHIMNEYS 'OBLINS WERE ORIGINALLY A PART OF &RENCH FOLKLORE !S &RENCH FOLK TALES SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS OF %UROPE STORIES OF GOBLINS SPREAD ALSO 'OBLINS BECAME MORE SINISTER AS THE STORIES WERE TOLD AND RETOLD 4ODAY WE THINK OF GOBLINS AS SMALL GROTESQUE AND MEAN SPIRITED CREATURES 4RADITION SAYS THAT GOBLINS lRST APPEARED FROM A CLEFT OR SPLIT IN THE 0YRENEES -OUNTAINS OF SOUTHWESTERN &RANCE WHICH IS THE DIVIDING MOUNTAIN RANGE BETWEEN &RANCE AND 3PAIN &ROM THEIR MOUNTAIN HOME GOBLINS SPREAD RAPIDLY THROUGHOUT &RANCE THEN ALL OVER %UROPE !FTER INFESTING 3CANDINAVIA GOBLINS STOLE ABOARD 6IKING RAIDING SHIPS AND CAME TO THE "RITISH )SLES 4HE NATIVE $RUID PEOPLE OF "RITAIN CALLED THE INVADERS 2OBIN 'OBLIN OR ROBGOBLIN 4HESE CREATURES WERE LATER NAMED HOBGOBLINS (OBGOBLINS AS WE KNOW THEM TODAY ARE ACTUALLY MORE HELPFUL THAN REGULAR GOBLINS (OBGOBLINS CAN PULL SPITEFUL PRANKS BUT ARE MOSTLY HELPFUL TO HUMANS JUST LIKE THEIR BROWNIE COUSINS 4RUE GOBLINS UNLIKE HOBGOBLINS ARE DElNITELY NOT AS FRIENDLY AS BROWNIES 4HEIR TRICKS CAN DO SERIOUS HARM TO PEOPLE
&AR RIGHT &ANTASY ILLUSTRATOR $ON -AITZS ,ONG 3HOT ,OUIE
'OBLINS HAVE BEEN THE INSPIRATION FOR MANY OTHER CHARACTERS IN BOOKS AND MOVIES 4HE AUTHOR *22 4OLKIEN CREATED A NEW FORM OF GOBLIN CALLED ORCS 4HE GOBLINS OF %UROPEAN FOLKLORE WERENT FORMIDABLE ENOUGH FOR 4OLKIENS BOOKS SO HE MADE THEM EVEN MORE EVIL 3TILL ORCS HAVE DElNITE GOBLIN ROOTS )N 4OLKIENS STORIES ORC AND GOBLIN ARE DIFFERENT NAMES FOR THE SAME CREATURE 4ROLLS ARE ALSO DISTANT RELATIONS TO GOBLINS 4ROLLS ARE SEEN IN THE MYTHS AND FOLKLORE OF MANY CULTURES 4HEY COME IN DIFFERENT SHAPES AND SIZES BUT THEY RESEMBLE GOBLINS IN ATTITUDE 'OBLINS ORCS AND TROLLS ARE ALL MONSTERS OF FOLKLORE THAT WE HUMANS LOVE TO HATE
2IGHT &ANTASY ILLUSTRATOR *ANNY 7URTSS "LIND #ORNER
'M@JGL 4P?GRQ
OBLINS HAVE A TERRIBLE ATTITUDE AND IT SHOWS IN THEIR REPULSIVE FACES ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY SMILE !UTHOR -ICHAEL 0AGE DESCRIBES GOBLINS AS MISCHIEVOUS TO THE POINT OF EVIL h,IKE OTHER EARTH SPIRITS THEY HAVE HUMAN FORM BUT NO HUMAN EVER WORE EXPRESSIONS OF SUCH MALICIOUS MISCHIEF AND DEPRAVED CUNNING ! GOBLIN SMILE CURDLES &AR RIGHT $ON THE BLOOD A GOBLIN LAUGH CAUSES MILK TO SOUR AND FRUIT TO FALL -AITZS 3PACE /PERA FROM THE TREES %VEN A WITCH WILL NOT ALLOW A GOBLIN AT HER lRESIDE "ELOW 3CHNEEBLE BY 3HE HAS NO FEAR OF IT BUT IT IS ALWAYS SUCH A MEDDLING NUISANCEv $ON -AITZ 'OBLINS PREFER LIVING IN MOSSY HOLES UNDER PILES OF ROCKS OR SHELTERED UNDER THE ROOTS OF VERY OLD TREES ESPECIALLY OAKS 3OMETIMES THEY TAKE UP RESIDENCE IN HUMAN HOMES WHERE THEY DELIGHT IN PLAYING TRICKS AND MAKING NOISES AT NIGHT 3OME PEOPLE THINK THEIR HOMES ARE HAUNTED BY POLTERGEISTS OR GHOSTS WHEN ACTUALLY IT IS THE MISCHIEF OF GOBLINS THAT IS CAUSING SO MUCH COMMOTION 'OBLINS ENJOY TORMENTING FARM ANIMALS ESPECIALLY HORSES &ARMS THAT ARE INFESTED WITH GOBLINS HAVE A TERRIBLE TIME WITH HORSES BEING RUN INTO A LATHER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT )F YOU SEE A HORSE SNORTING AND STAMPING ITS FEET OR ROLLING ON THE GROUND IT IS LIKELY THE POOR ANIMAL HAS A GOBLIN ON ITS BACK
/NE CURIOUS FACT ABOUT GOBLINS IS THAT THEY ARE ACTUALLY FOND OF NICE CHILDREN 'OBLINS WILL GO OUT OF THEIR WAY TO DO FAVORS OR CHORES FOR KIND CHILDREN OR WILL BRING SMALL GIFTS FOR WELL BEHAVED KIDS /N THE OTHER HAND IF CHILDREN ARE NAUGHTY GOBLINS CAN BE MISCHIEVOUS OR EVEN CRUEL 4HEY ARE ESPECIALLY GOOD AT HIDING UNDER BEDS OR IN CLOSETS AND POPPING OUT AT NIGHT TO SCARE AND TORMENT CHILDREN WHO MISBEHAVE 4HERE IS ONE TRICK FOR RIDDING A HOUSE THAT IS PLAGUED WITH GOBLINS &OR SOME REASON KNOWN ONLY TO GOBLINS THESE HARMFUL CREATURES ARE ATTRACTED TO mAX SEED )F YOU SPREAD A LARGE HANDFUL OF mAX SEED OVER THE mOORS OF YOUR HOUSE THE GOBLINS WILL FEEL COMPELLED TO PICK UP AND COUNT EVERY LAST SEED 5SUALLY THERE IS SO MUCH SEED THE GOBLINS CANNOT COMPLETE THE TASK BEFORE THE SUN RISES WHEN THEY MUST RETREAT TO THEIR HIDING PLACES )F YOU REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE A FEW TIMES THE GOBLINS WILL GET SO BORED FROM PICKING UP AND COUNTING THE mAX SEED THAT THEY WILL lNALLY GET FED UP AND LEAVE FOR GOOD
&AR LEFT $ON -AITZS 'RAND 0HOOBA 3CHNEE "ELOW LEFT 4HE 'REEN 'OBLIN FROM THE MOVIE 3PIDER -AN
/PAQ RCS ARE FAMILIAR VILLAINS TO ANYONE WHO HAS READ THE FANTASY BOOKS OF *22 4OLKIEN SUCH AS 4HE (OBBIT OR 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS )N 4OLKIENS STORIES ORCS ARE COMMON BAD GUY CHARACTERS 4HEY ARE A CHALLENGING FOE FOR THE HEROES TO BATTLE YET THEY ARE NOT TOO DIFlCULT TO DEFEAT /RCS ARE DANGEROUS AND WICKED 4HEY SERVE THE FORCES OF EVIL )N 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS ORCS OBEY THE MAIN VILLAIN 3AURON THE $ARK ,ORD OF THE BOOKS /RCS ARE ALMOST ENTIRELY AN INVENTION OF 4OLKIEN )TS EASY TO THINK OF THEM AS VERY ILL TEMPERED GOBLINS )N FACT 4OLKIEN WAS THINKING OF GOBLINS WHEN HE CAME UP WITH HIS ORCS -OST OF THE AUTHORS CHARACTERS AND CREATURES ARE BASED ON THE ESTABLISHED MYTHS AND FOLKLORE OF MEDIEVAL %UROPE 4HESE INCLUDED WIZARDS WARRIORS ELVES DWARFS AND OTHER FAMILIAR CHARACTERS "UT 4OLKIEN HAD A PROBLEM (E NEEDED AN ENEMY FOR WHICH THE AUDIENCE WOULD FEEL NO SYMPATHY BUT WHO WOULD BE FORMIDABLE ENOUGH TO BE A REAL CHALLENGE FOR HIS HEROES 7ITH HORDES OF CREATURES LIKE THESE TO SLAY 4OLKIENS HEROES WOULD SEEM BRAVER AND HIS MAIN VILLAINS WOULD SEEM MORE FRIGHTENING
,EFT *22 4OLKIEN AUTHOR OF 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS AND 4HE (OBBIT &AR RIGHT $ON -AITZS 4HE 0ERILS
!BOVE AND BELOW RIGHT /RCS FROM 0ETER *ACKSONS 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS 4HE 4WO 4OWERS
%UROPEAN FOLKLORE DIDNT REALLY PROVIDE ANYTHING THAT lT 4OLKIENS PURPOSES 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS INCLUDES SEVERAL lERCE AND GIGANTIC CREATURES BUT YOU CANT HAVE YOUR HEROES BATTLING .AZGULS OR "ALROGS IN EVERY SCENE OR IT WOULD GET QUITE BORING /N THE OTHER HAND FAIRIES AND TOMMYKNOCKERS ARENT EXACTLY FEROCIOUS 4HEYRE MORE MISCHIEF MAKERS THAN EVIL OPPONENTS 4OLKIEN lNALLY SETTLED ON A NEW FORM OF GOBLIN AND RENAMED THEM ORCS 4HE GOBLINS OF %UROPEAN FOLKLORE WERENT FORMIDABLE ENOUGH FOR 4OLKIEN SO HE BEEFED THEM UP MADE THEM BIGGER MORE DANGEROUS MORE EVIL 3TILL ORCS HAVE DElNITE GOBLIN ROOTS )N 4OLKIENS BOOKS ORC AND GOBLIN ARE DIFFERENT NAMES FOR THE SAME KIND OF CREATURE )N HIS EARLIER WRITINGS 4OLKIEN WANTED TO USE A NAME THAT PEOPLE WERE MORE FAMILIAR WITH %SPECIALLY IN 4HE (OBBIT WHICH 4OLKIEN THOUGHT OF AS A CHILDRENS BOOK ORCS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED GOBLINS AND VICE VERSA 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS HOWEVER IS AN ADULT THEMED WORK 4OLKIEN WANTED TO STEP AWAY FROM THE STORYBOOKS AND SO GOBLINS GAVE WAY COMPLETELY TO THE WRITERS NEW CREATION THE ORCS 4OLKIEN DIDNT WANT READERS TO ASSOCIATE FAIRY TALE CREATURES WITH HIS CHARACTERS WHICH HAD DIFFERENT PURPOSES THAN WHAT IS FOUND IN FOLKLORE /THER RACES TRANSFORMED AS WELL INCLUDING THE ELVISH .OLDOR WHICH ARE BASED ON THE GNOMES OF %UROPEAN FOLKLORE )N /LD %NGLISH THE WORD ORC MEANS hDEMONv /RC HAD BEEN USED IN FOLKLORE BEFORE 4OLKIEN CREATED HIS FANTASIES (OWEVER THESE WERE USUALLY SEA CREATURES OFTEN SERPENTS THAT PREYED ON WHALES OR UNLUCKY SAILORS 4OLKIEN LIKED THE WAY THE WORD SOUNDED AND USED ORC FOR HIS EVIL BRAND OF GOBLIN
4OLKIEN WAS A SOLDIER WHO FOUGHT FOR 'REAT "RITAIN DURING 7ORLD 7AR ) 4HIS EXPERIENCE LIKELY INmUENCED THE THEMES that CAN be FOUND IN HIS lCTION 4OLKIEN sometimes WROTE OF HOW HIS NEW RACE OF goblin-like CREATURES REPRESENTED THE EVIL and small-MINDEDNESS THAT IS OFTEN FOUND in human BEINGS 3URPRISINGLY 4OLKIEN SELDOM GAVE DESCRIPTIONS OF ORCS IN HIS BOOKS 7HAT WE DO KNOW IS THAT ORCS PREFER LIVING UNDERGROUND INHABITING DARK PLACES SUCH AS TUNNELS AND CAVES 4HEY ARE ESPECIALLY NUMEROUS IN THE -ISTY -OUNTAINS AND THE 'RAY -OUNTAINS OF -IDDLE %ARTH /RCS ARE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS HAVING SHARP TEETH SLANTING EYES AND BROAD FACES 4HEY ARE USUALLY MISSHAPEN BENT OVER AND TWISTED IN APPEARANCE /RCS CAN ONLY COME OUT AT NIGHT BECAUSE THEY HATE THE SUNLIGHT 4HEY OFTEN BATTLE DWARFS AND OTHER CAVE DWELLING RACES BUT THEY ARE ESPECIALLY HOSTILE TOWARD ELVES /RCISH FOOD IS EXTREMELY DISTASTEFUL TO OTHER RACES /RCS HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO EAT HORSES AND DONKEYS AND SOMETIMES EVEN THE mESH OF HUMANS
,EFT !N ORC FROM THE VIDEO GAME 7ARCRAFT )))
2IGHT 4HE EVIL WIZARD 3ARUMAN PLAYED BY ACTOR #HRISTOPHER ,EE CREATES A MORE DESTRUCTIVE ORC CALLED AN 5RUK (AI IN 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS 4HE 4WO 4OWERS
/NE VARIATION OF THE ORC IS THE DREADED 5RUK (AI 4HESE ARE AN ESPECIALLY VICIOUS TYPE OF ORC 4HEY ARE LARGER AND STRONGER AND CAN TOLERATE THE SUNLIGHT 4HEY WERE CREATED BY THE EVIL WIZARD 3ARUMAN )N 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS THE %NT CREATURE CALLED 4REEBEARD SAYS h)T IS A MARK OF EVIL THINGS THAT CAME IN THE 'REAT $ARKNESS THAT THEY CANNOT ABIDE THE 3UN BUT 3ARUMANS /RCS CAN ENDURE IT EVEN IF THEY HATE IT ) WONDER WHAT HE HAS DONE !RE THEY -EN HE HAS RUINED OR HAS HE BLENDED THE RACES OF /RCS AND -EN 4HAT WOULD BE A BLACK EVILv "Y CREATING ORCS *22 4OLKIEN FASHIONED AN ENDURING FANTASY VILLAIN /RCS ARE MINIONS OF EVIL THAT BOTH FASCINATE AND FRIGHTEN US 7ITH LEGIONS OF THESE TERRIBLE CREATURES RUNNING LOOSE THERE IS NEVER A DULL MOMENT IN THE TALES OF -IDDLE %ARTH
/2#3 ). 4(% (/"")4 )N *22 4OLKIENS 4HE (OBBIT THE LITTLE HOBBIT "ILBO AND HIS DWARF COMPANIONS ARE CAPTURED BY A GROUP OF GOBLINS OR ORCS WHO DRAG THEM IN CHAINS THROUGH THE TUNNELS OF THEIR MOUNTAIN HOME &INALLY THEY MEET THE LEADER OF THE VILLAINS THE 'REAT 'OBLIN h4HERE IN THE SHADOWS ON A LARGE mAT STONE SAT A TREMENDOUS GOBLIN WITH A HUGE HEAD AND ARMED GOBLINS WERE STANDING AROUND HIM CARRYING THE AXES AND THE BENT SWORDS THAT THEY USE .OW GOBLINS ARE CRUEL WICKED AND BAD HEARTED 4HEY MAKE NO BEAUTIFUL THINGS BUT THEY MAKE MANY CLEVER ONES 4HEY CAN TUNNEL AND MINE AS WELL AS ANY BUT THE MOST SKILLED DWARVES WHEN THEY TAKE THE TROUBLE THOUGH THEY ARE USUALLY UNTIDY AND DIRTY (AMMERS AXES SWORDS DAGGERS PICKAXES TONGS AND ALSO INSTRUMENTS OF TORTURE THEY MAKE VERY WELLx )T IS NOT UNLIKELY THAT THEY INVENTED SOME OF THE MACHINES THAT HAVE SINCE TROUBLED THE WORLD ESPECIALLY THE INGENIOUS DEVICES FOR KILLING LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE AT ONCE FOR WHEELS AND ENGINES AND EXPLOSIONS ALWAYS DELIGHTED THEMx 4HEY DID NOT HATE DWARVES ESPECIALLY NO MORE THAN THEY HATED EVERYBODY AND EVERYTHING AND PARTICULARLY THE ORDERLY AND PROSPEROUSx !ND ANYWAY GOBLINS DONT CARE WHO THEY CATCH AS LONG AS IT IS DONE SMART AND SECRET AND THE PRISONERS ARE NOT ABLE TO DEFEND THEMSELVESv
4PMJJQ ROLLS ARE HUGE UGLY MAN LIKE GIANTS OR OGRES WHO LIVE MAINLY IN THE MOUNTAINS OR DEEP FORESTS 3OME TROLLS HAVE MAGICAL ABILITIES -OST ARE DIM WITTED AND CAN OFTEN BE OUTSMARTED BY CLEVER HUMANS 4HERE ARE MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD THAT HAVE TROLL LIKE MONSTERS IN THEIR FOLKLORE BUT THEY ARE FOUND MOST OFTEN IN THE TALES AND MYTHS OF 3CANDINAVIA )N 3CANDINAVIA TROLLS ARE ALSO CALLED 4ROLD OR 4ROLLD 4HOR THE .ORSE GOD OF THUNDER AND WAR HATED GIANTS AND TROLLS (E WAS OFTEN AWAY DOING BATTLE WITH THESE BEASTS !LTHOUGH TROLLS ARE USUALLY DESCRIBED AS HUGE IN SIZE IN SOME REGIONS OF 3CANDINAVIA THEY ARE SMALLER ALMOST DWARF LIKE 4HERE IS MUCH VARIATION IN TROLL DESCRIPTIONS DEPENDING ON WHERE THE TALES ARE TOLD &OR EXAMPLE IN %BELTOFT $ENMARK TROLLS ARE MAN EATING OGRES WITH HUMPS ON THEIR BACKS WHO WEAR POINTED RED CAPS "UT NOT FAR AWAY IN 'UDMANSTRUP $ENMARK THE LOCAL FOLKLORE TELLS OF GIANT TROLLS WHO WEAR LONG BLACK CLOTHES
2IGHT ! WOODEN SCULPTURE OF A HAPPY TROLL IN .ORWAY &AR RIGHT $ON -AITZS 3UMMONS 3PELL
4ROLLS USUALLY HATE PEOPLE AND SOMETIMES WILL MAKE A SNACK OUT OF ANYONE UNLUCKY ENOUGH TO BE CAUGHT )N MANY PLACES IN 3CANDINAVIA TROLLS ARE SAID TO HIDE UNDER BRIDGES WAITING TO POUNCE ON UNWARY TRAVELERS 4ROLLS ARE A COMMON VILLAIN IN MANY PIECES OF LITERATURE &ROM AGE OLD FOLKLORE TO THE MORE MODERN WRITINGS OF SUCH AUTHORS AS *22 4OLKIEN TROLLS HAVE CAPTURED THE IMAGINATION OF MANY STORYTELLERS OVER THE YEARS 4HE FAMOUS .ORWEGIAN PLAYWRIGHT (ENRIK )BSEN USED TROLLS AS AN IMPORTANT THEME IN HIS DRAMA 0EER 'YNT 4HE PLAY IS BASED ON THE ADVENTURES OF A BOASTFUL LAZY RASCAL FROM .ORWEGIAN FOLKLORE )N )BSENS STORY TROLLS REPRESENT EVERYTHING THAT IS NASTY AND UGLY IN HUMAN NATURE 4HE -OUNTAIN +ING RULES THE TROLLS FROM A GREAT HALL UNDER A CRAGGY .ORWEGIAN PEAK 7HEN 0EER 'YNT IS BROUGHT TO THE HALL DEEP WITHIN THE MOUNTAIN HE IS FORCED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN DEVELOPING HIMSELF AS A HUMAN BEING OR BECOMING A TROLL 3AID THE -OUNTAIN +ING TO 0EER h!MONG MEN UNDER THE SHINING SKY4HEY SAY @-AN TO YOURSELF BE TRUE WHILE HERE UNDER OUR MOUNTAIN ROOF7E SAY @4ROLL TO YOURSELF BE ENOUGHv 0EER EVENTUALLY mEES AND MAKES A NARROW ESCAPE FROM THE TROLL KINGDOM
,EFT ! SILHOUETTE USED ON A hTROLL CROSSINGv SIGN ON A .ORWEGIAN ROADWAY &AR LEFT )N THIS PAINTING BY !RTHUR 2ACKHAM 0EER 'YNT FACES THE 4ROLL +ING AND HIS MINIONS
)N MOST STORIES TROLLS WANDER THE LAND ONLY AT NIGHT )F TROLLS ARE CAUGHT BY THE RAYS OF THE RISING SUN THEY ARE INSTANTLY TURNED TO STONE )N *22 4OLKIENS 4HE (OBBIT THE HOBBIT "ILBO "AGGINS AND HIS DWARF COMPANIONS WHILE TRAVELING IN THE WOODS ARE CAPTURED BY THREE TROLLS NAMED 7ILLIAM "ERT AND 4OM 4HE TROLLS PLAN TO EAT THE UNLUCKY TRAVELERS BUT 'ANDOLF THE WIZARD TRICKS THE TROLLS INTO ARGUING AMONGST THEMSELVES UNTIL JUST BEFORE DAWN 4HE TROLLS lNALLY DECIDE TO STOP BICKERING AND EAT THEIR CAPTIVES BUT IT IS TOO LATE hx &OR JUST AT THAT MOMENT THE LIGHT CAME OVER THE HILL AND THERE WAS A MIGHTY TWITTER IN THE BRANCHES 7ILLIAM NEVER SPOKE FOR HE STOOD TURNED TO STONE AS HE STOOPED AND "ERT AND 4OM WERE STUCK LIKE ROCKS AS THEY LOOKED AT HIM !ND THERE THEY STAND TO THIS DAY ALL ALONE UNLESS THE BIRDS PERCH ON THEM FOR TROLLS AS YOU PROBABLY KNOW MUST BE UNDERGROUND BEFORE DAWN OR THEY GO BACK TO THE STUFF OF THE MOUNTAINS THEY ARE MADE OF AND NEVER &AR RIGHT 0EER 'YNT MOVE AGAIN 4HAT IS WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO "ERT AND 4OM AND AND THE $ANCE OF THE 7ILLIAMv )N 4OLKIENS OTHER BOOKS INCLUDING 4HE ,ORD OF THE 2INGS 4ROLLS BY !RTHUR TROLLS APPEAR AS SERVANTS OF THE EVIL 3AURON THE $ARK ,ORD OF 2ACKHAM -IDDLE %ARTH 3AURON MADE THE TROLLS NASTIER AND STRONGER WITH "ELOW ! MOOSE SCALY SKIN AS HARD AS ROCK 4OLKIEN CREATED SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES IS CHASED THROUGH OF TROLLS INCLUDING CAVE TROLLS SNOW TROLLS AND MOUNTAIN TROLLS A SWAMP BY A 4HEY ARE A FORMIDABLE FOE FOR THE HEROES IN 4OLKIENS STORIES .ORWEGIAN TROLL
4PMJJ &MJIJMPC N THE FOLK TALES OF .ORWAY TROLLS ARE HORRIBLE AND HAIRY ,ADY TROLLS HOWEVER ARE SAID TO BE BEAUTIFUL WITH LOCKS OF STUNNING RED HAIR .ORWEGIAN TROLLS LIVE TOGETHER IN GROUPS UNDER HILLS IN CAVE LIKE DWELLINGS CALLED BARROWS WHICH LONG AGO SERVED AS GRAVES 4HE TROLLS TRANSFORMED THE BARROWS INTO STATELY MANORS lLLED WITH GLITTERING GOLD AND TREASURE .ORWEGIAN TROLLS ARENT QUITE AS NASTY TOWARD HUMANS AS OTHER TROLLS )N FACT IF A HUMAN FAMILY PLEASES THEM THE TROLLS WILL REWARD THE HUMANS WITH RICHES /N THE OTHER HAND IF PEOPLE ANGER THE TROLLS THE CREATURES WILL WRECK THE HUMANS CROPLAND DESTROY PROPERTY OR EVEN KIDNAP SLEEPING CHILDREN 4HERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS TO lGHT TROLLS "RANCHES OF MISTLETOE ARE SAID TO OFFER PROTECTION AGAINST .ORWEGIAN TROLLS !LSO TROLLS HATE NOISE 2INGING CHURCH BELLS CAN DRIVE EVEN THE MOST STUBBORN TROLL OUT OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD 4ROLLS WILL TURN TO STONE IF STRUCK BY THE SUNS RAYS 4HERE ARE MANY HUGE STANDING STONES IN THE NORTH OF .ORWAY THAT ARE SAID TO BE THE REMAINS OF PETRIlED TROLLS
&AR RIGHT $ON -AITZS "AD /DDS "ELOW ,EGENDS SAY THAT SOME ANCIENT STANDING STONES ARE THE REMAINS OF PETRIlED TROLLS
4(% 42/,,3 ). (%$!,% 7//$ ! ./27%')!. &/,+ 4!,% )N THE DAYS OF OLD IN THE VILLAGE OF 6AAGE THERE WAS A POOR COUPLE WHO HAD MANY CHILDREN 4WO OF THEIR SONS GREW TO BE TEENAGERS AND OFTEN WENT ROAMING AROUND THE COUNTRYSIDE BEGGING FOR FOOD AND MONEY /NE DAY THE TWO BROTHERS DECIDED TO VISIT THE HUT OF A FALCONER IN THE NEIGHBORING TOWN OF -AELA 4HEY KNEW A SHORTCUT THROUGH THE WOODS AND SOON SET OUT TO SEE THE FALCONERS BIRDS "UT THEIR SHORTCUT TURNED OUT TO BE A SMALL PATH THAT BECAME NARROWER AND NARROWER THE FARTHER ALONG THEY WALKED 7HEN THE SUN lNALLY SET THE BROTHERS STRAYED FROM THE PATH COMPLETELY AND SOON FOUND THEMSELVES LOST IN THE DARK FOREST 5NABLE TO CONTINUE WALKING THE BROTHERS LIT A lRE AND THEN MADE A BED OF MOSS AND BRANCHES WITH AN AXE THAT THEY CARRIED WITH THEM ! LITTLE WHILE AFTER THEY LAID DOWN TO SLEEP THEY HEARD A CREATURE IN THE WOODS SOMETHING BIG SNUFmING AND SNIFlNG WITH ITS NOSE 4HEN THEY HEARD A BOOMING VOICE SAY h) SMELL HUMAN BLOOD HEREv (EAVY FOOTFALLS SHOOK THE EARTH AND THE BROTHERS THEN KNEW THAT TROLLS WERE COMING TOWARD THEIR CAMP
4HE OLDEST BROTHER TOOK THE AXE AND HID IN A BUSH AND JUST IN TIME /UT OF THE DARKNESS STRODE THREE BLOODTHIRSTY TROLLS THEIR HEADS AS HIGH AS THE lR TREES ,UCKILY THE TROLLS HAD ONLY ONE EYE BETWEEN THEM %ACH TROLL HAD A HOLE IN HIS FOREHEAD IN WHICH TO PUT THE EYE AND TURNED AND TWISTED IT WITH HIS HANDS 4HE TROLL WHO CAME lRST IN LINE HAD THE EYE (IS TWO BLIND COMPANIONS WALKED BEHIND TAKING HOLD OF THE LEADER TO STEADY THEMSELVES 7HEN THE YOUNGEST BROTHER SAW THE TROLLS HE GAVE A FRIGHTFUL YELL AND mED INTO THE WOODS 4HE TROLLS GAVE CHASE STRIDING RIGHT PAST THE BROTHER HIDDEN IN THE BUSH !S THE LAST TROLL WALKED BY THE YOUNG MAN POPPED OUT OF HIS HIDING PLACE AND CHOPPED THE TROLLS ANKLE WITH HIS AXE 4HE TROLL SCREAMED IN PAIN AND FELL TO THE GROUND 4HE lRST TROLL WAS SO STARTLED THAT HE DROPPED HIS EYE 1UICK AS LIGHTNING THE OLDER BROTHER SNATCHED UP THE EYE )T WAS BIGGER THAN TWO POTS PUT TOGETHER AND WHEN HE LOOKED THROUGH IT EVERYTHING BECAME BRIGHT AND CLEAR AS DAY 7HEN THE TROLLS REALIZED THE BOY HAD STOLEN THEIR EYE THEY THREATENED HIM WILL ALL KINDS OF EVIL IF HE DIDNT GIVE IT BACK RIGHT AWAY h'IVE US THE EYE LITTLE WASP OR WELL TURN YOU TO STICKS AND STONESv THEY SCREECHED 4HE BOY WAS UNAFRAID h.OW )VE GOT THREE EYES TO MYSELF v HE SAID hAND YOU THREE HAVE GOT NONE .OT ONLY THAT TWO OF YOU NOW HAVE TO CARRY THE THIRDv 4HE BOY THREATENED TO CHOP ALL THEIR ANKLES IF THEY DIDNT LEAVE THE TWO BROTHERS ALONE SO THAT THE TROLLS WOULD HAVE TO CREEP ALONG THE FOREST mOOR LIKE CRABS 4HE FRIGHTENED TROLLS WAILED IN MISERY 4HEY BEGGED FOR MERCY AND EVEN OFFERED THE BROTHERS BAGS OF SILVER AND GOLD IF ONLY THEY COULD GET THEIR EYE BACK 4O THIS THE BROTHERS READILY AGREED 4HE BROTHERS TOOK THE TREASURE DROPPED THE EYE AND THEN RAN OFF INTO THE WOODS TOWARD HOME 4HE TROLLS AFTER GROPING AROUND ON THE FOREST mOOR lNALLY FOUND THEIR PRECIOUS EYE 4HEN THEY mED TO THEIR UNDERGROUND LAIR AND WERE NEVER AGAIN HEARD SNUFlNG AROUND AFTER HUMAN BLOOD
/RFCP 4PMJJ4?JCQ ANY COUNTRIES HAVE TROLL STORIES THAT ARE UNIQUE TO THEIR CULTURES )N )CELAND TROLLS ARE EVIL GIANTS WHO HAVE ONLY ONE EYE LIKE A CYCLOPS )N THE &AEROE )SLANDS NORTHWEST OF 3COTLAND AND HALFWAY BETWEEN )CELAND AND .ORWAY TROLLS ARE CALLED &ODDEN 3KEMAEND OR THE (OLLOW -EN 4HEY ARE FEARED FOR THEIR HABIT OF KIDNAPPING PEOPLE AND KEEPING THEM FOR SLAVES OFTEN FOR MANY YEARS 4HE FOLKLORE OF &INLAND TELLS OF AN EVIL TROLL CALLED 3JRTROLL WHO LIVES IN A LARGE LAKE NEAR THE CITY OF +KAR 4HE TROLL IS KEPT PRISONER BY TWO MAGICAL RUNIC STONES THAT HAVE BEEN PLACED AT EACH END OF THE LAKE /N DAYS WHEN STORMS OR FOG BLANKET THE AREA THE MAGIC OF THE STONES IS MASKED -ANY RESIDENTS REFUSE TO lSH ON THE LAKE ON SUCH DAYS FOR FEAR OF THE TROLL REACHING UP AND DROWNING THEM 4HERE ARE EVEN TROLLS IN THE FOLKLORE OF THE )NUIT PEOPLE OF 'REENLAND AND NORTHERN #ANADA 4HESE CREATURES ARE SIMILAR TO THE GIANT HAIRY TROLLS OF 3CANDINAVIA )N THE )NUIT STORIES HOWEVER THE TROLLS HAVE ENORMOUS BELLIES THAT DRAG ALONG THE GROUND AS THEY WALK 4HEY ALSO HAVE LONG DAGGERLIKE lNGERNAILS 4HE TROLLS OF THE )NUIT LIKE TO PROWL IN THE UNINHABITED HILL COUNTRY WAITING FOR INNOCENT TRAVELERS TO CAPTURE AND EAT
,EFT ! TROLL WITH HIS PET FROG GREETS TWO LONG TAILED CREATURES
4ROLLS AS WELL AS GOBLINS HAVE BECOME THE VILLAINS OF MANY LEGENDS 4HESE SPITEFUL CREATURES HAVE MADE THE HEROES OF MANY STORIES MORE HEROIC 2ECENTLY AUTHOR *+ 2OWLING HAS BROUGHT GOBLINS AND TROLLS TO CHILDRENS LITERATURE )N HER SERIES OF (ARRY 0OTTER BOOKS YOUNG WITCHES AND WIZARDS MUST lND WAYS TO OUTSMART THE DIM WITTED CREATURES 2OWLINGS STORIES HAVE REVIVED THE INTEREST IN THESE DISGUSTING BEINGS
,EFT 'OBLINS AND TROLLS FROM *APANESE FOLKLORE
'JMQQ?PW "2/7.)%
"ROWNIES ARE HOUSEHOLD SPIRITS THAT LIVE MAINLY IN NORTHERN %NGLAND AND 3COTLAND 4HESE TINY FAIRIES ARE USUALLY SHAPED LIKE HUMANS 3OME ARE NAKED AND SHAGGY WHILE OTHERS WEAR RAGGED BROWN CLOTHES "ROWNIES CAN BE VERY HELPFUL 4HEY PERFORM MANY TEDIOUS CHORES FOR PEOPLE SUCH AS SWEEPING GRINDING GRAIN OR CHURNING BUTTER )N RETURN HUMAN FAMILIES GIVE THE BROWNIES A BOWL OF CREAM OR A FRESHLY BAKED LOAF OF BREAD )T IS CONSIDERED GOOD LUCK TO HAVE A BROWNIE LIVING IN YOUR HOUSE &/,+,/2%
4HE UNWRITTEN TRADITIONS LEGENDS AND CUSTOMS OF A CULTURE &OLKLORE IS USUALLY PASSED DOWN BY WORD OF MOUTH FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION '2/4%315%
3OMETHING THAT APPEARS TO BE BIZARRE AND DISTORTED 3OME PEOPLE THINK GROTESQUE OBJECTS OR CREATURES ARE UGLY WHILE OTHERS THINK THEY ARE MERELY DIFFERENT OR FANTASTIC ).5)4 4HE NATIVE PEOPLE OF .ORTH !MERICA WHO INHABIT NORTHERN LANDS FROM 'REENLAND AND EASTERN #ANADA TO !LASKA 4HEY USED TO BE CALLED %SKIMOS BUT )NUIT IS NOW THE PREFERRED TERM -!,)#)/53
! PERSON OR DEED THAT IS INTENTIONALLY CRUEL MISCHIEVOUS OR HARMFUL 'OBLINS ARE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS BEING MALICIOUS BECAUSE THEY CAN BE SO MEAN -%$)%6!,
3OMETHING FROM THE -IDDLE !GES -)$$,% !'%3 )N %UROPEAN HISTORY A PERIOD DElNED BY HISTORIANS AS BETWEEN !$ AND !$
-)3#()%6/53
&ULL OF MISCHIEF -ISCHIEVOUS GOBLINS LIKES TO PULL PRANKS OR SOMETIMES CRUEL TRICKS THAT DO HARM OR INJURY -94(/,/'9
4HE STUDY OR COLLECTION OF MYTHS -YTHS ARE TRADITIONAL STORIES COLLECTED BY A CULTURE 4HEIR AUTHORS ARE ALMOST ALWAYS UNKNOWN -YTHS EXPLAIN THE ORIGIN OF MANKIND OR OF CIVILIZATIONS 4HEY ALSO EXPLAIN THE CUSTOMS OR RELIGIONS OF A PEOPLE -YTHS ARE OFTEN STORIES THAT INCLUDE THE DEEDS OF GODS AND GREAT HEROES ./4/2)/53
3OMETHING THAT IS WELL KNOWN ESPECIALLY INFORMATION ABOUT SOMETHING OR SOMEBODY THAT IS UNFAVORABLE PERHAPS EVEN SCANDALOUS BUT IS WIDELY BELIEVED 0%42)&)%$
! PROCESS IN GEOLOGY WHERE A LIVING THINGS CELLS ARE REPLACED WITH MINERALS 4HE RESULT IS A RIGID STONE THAT RESEMBLES THE ORIGINAL PLANT OR CREATURE 25.)#
3OMETHING THAT RESEMBLES THE RUNES OF THE ANCIENT PEOPLE OF NORTHERN %UROPE 2UNES ARE THE CHARACTERS OF THE ALPHABET USED BY EARLY 3CANDINAVIAN AND 'ERMANIC PEOPLE FROM ABOUT !$ 3OME RUNES ARE SAID TO HAVE MAGICAL ABILITIES ESPECIALLY WHEN CARVED IN STONES THAT ARE SET INTO THE GROUND 3#!.$).!6)! ! REGION OF NORTHERN %UROPE THAT INCLUDES .ORWAY 3WEDEN AND $ENMARK )CELAND &INLAND AND THE &AEROE )SLANDS ARE ALSO OFTEN CONSIDERED 3CANDINAVIAN 3).)34%2
3OMETHING EVIL AND WICKED THAT THREATENS HARM OR MISFORTUNE
)LBCV "
+
"AGGINS "ILBO "ERT TROLL "RITAIN "RITISH )SLES
+KAR &INLAND
4REEBEARD 4ROLLS IN (EDALE 7OOD 4HE
,
6
,ORD OF THE 2INGS 4HE
6AAGE .ORWAY 6IKING
-
7 7ILLIAM TROLL 7ORLD 7AR )
%BELTOFT $ENMARK %UROPE
-AELA .ORWAY -IDDLE %ARTH -ISTY -OUNTAINS -OUNTAIN +ING
&
.
&AEROE )SLANDS &INLAND &RANCE
.ORWAY
# #ANADA
%
' 'ANDOLF 'RAY -OUNTAINS 'REAT "RITAIN 'REAT 'OBLIN 'REENLAND 'UDMANSTRUP $ENMARK 'YNT 0EER
0 0AGE -ICHAEL 0EER 'YNT 0OTTER (ARRY 0YRENEES -OUNTAINS
2 2OWLING *+
3
(AGRID 2UBEUS (ARRY 0OTTER AND THE 3ORCERERS 3TONE (OBBIT 4HE
3ARUMAN 3AURON 3CANDINAVIA 3COTLAND 3JRTROLL 3PAIN
)
4
(
)BSEN (ENRIK )CELAND )NUIT
4HOR 4OLKIEN *22 4OM TROLL
