بريمو ليفي
12605
بريمو ليفي ...الرجل الذي نزل إلى الجحيم ورأى ،ثم عاد ليخبرنا .عاد ليشهد... ً كيماو...
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بريمو ليفي
12605
بريمو ليفي ...الرجل الذي نزل إلى الجحيم ورأى ،ثم عاد ليخبرنا .عاد ليشهد... ً كيماويا من حيث مهنته .حارب في صفوف حركة المقاومة بريمو ليفي كان اإليطالية ضد نظام الحكم الفاشي .وقد ألقي القبض عليه من قبل قوات األمن
بريمو ليفي
هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟
بريمو ليفي
هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟
الفاشية ,وبعد احتالل إيطاليا من قبل األلمان ,نقل مع يهود آخرين إلى معسكر اإلنسانية ...لقد عاش بجسده بأم عينيه تالشي اإلبادة آوشفيتس .واكتشف ّ ّ ووجدانه فظائع البربريّة النازيّة ،في أشهر معسكرات اإلبادةُ .كتب له أن ينجو من
ً الحقا آلية اختيار الضحايا ،بدقة متناهية ،في شهادة تعتبر من كالسيكيات أدب الحية على المحرقة« :هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟» الذاكرة ،ومن أهم الوثائق ّ
مكتبة عالء الدين
www.aladdinlibrary.org
17,90 € ISBN : 978-2-304-02570-5 ISBN 13 : 9782304025705
هل هذا هو اإلنسان؟
متفرجًا على جحافل البشر تُساق إلى غرف الغاز .وقد وصف المحرقة ،فيقف ّ
مكتبة عالء الدين
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ǹơŐƳ ŃƢLJ
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ƨȈǻȁǂƬǰdzȏơ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ DzǸů ƢȀǧǂƷƗ Ŀ ǂǐƬţ ƨȈŭƢǟ ƨǸǰƷ ƢĔƛ ."ƣƢƬǯ ǵƢǻȋơ Ŀ džȈǴƳ Śƻ" ǽƾǟƢLJ ƨƥƢƬǰdzơȁ ƧƔơǂǬdzơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǦnjƬǯơ ǀǼǷ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƩơǁƢǔūơȁ ƩƢǧƢǬưdzơ DzǸǟ ƢĆǔȇƗȁ ǾƷǂǧȁ ǾǬǴǫȁ ǽǂǟƢnjǷȁ ǽǁƢǰǧƘƥ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ DzǟƢǨƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣƢƬǰdzơ .ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǶǴǟ ǵƾǬƫ ȄǴǟ ƨǯǁƢnjŭơ ǮǴƫ DzǔǨƥ Ŀ ƤƬǰdzơ ǺǷ ƾȇƾǠdzơ ƨŦǂƬƥ ǵȂǬƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǾȈdzƛ ȂƦǐƫ ƢǷ ơǀǿ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƨǧƢǬưdzơ ƩȏƢů ǁơȂūơ ƩȏƢů ȄǴǟ ŚǼƬdz ƝǁƢǫ Dzǯ ŚǸǓ ńƛ DZȂǏȂdzơ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ǥƾǿ ǹƐ ƛ .DzȀŪơȁ ƨȈƦǐǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬdzơ ǺǷ ƨƦƄơȁ DzǬǠdzơ śǰǸƬdz ƩƢƸǨǏ ȄǴǟ ǾƫƢȈǗ Ŀ ŚǼȇ ƣƢƬǯ Ȃǿ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰǷ ƩơǁȂnjǼǷ ƧǁȂǯƢƥȁ .ƽȂȀȈdzơ ƧƽƢƥƛ ƣƢƬǯ Ȃǿ Ǿƥ řǟƗ ƢǷȁ Ƨǁơǂŭơȁ ƨdzƢǨLjdzơ ƺȇǁƢƫ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȏơ ƺȇǁƢƬdz ƨǸǴǜǷ ƩƢǧƢǬưdzơ ǦǴƬű Ŀ ǺȇǂǰǨǷ ǺǷ ƨǻȂǰŭơ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰŭ ƨȈǸǴǠdzơ ƨǼƴǴdzơ ǹƐ ƛ ƨȇǂǯǀƬdzơ ƩƢǟơDŽǼdzơ ƢȀǔǧǂƥ ǂƻȉơ ǵơǂƬƷơȁ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǶǴǟ ȄǴǟ ƧDŽǰƫǂŭơ ǶȈǬdzơ ƢēǂǗƢnjŠȁ ƧDŽȈǸŭơȁ ƨǯǂƬnjŭơ ƢǼƫƢǧƢǬưdz DzǔǧƗ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǂnjǻ ȄǴǟ DzǸǠdzơ ńơ ƶǸǘƫ ƨȇƾǬƬǠŭơ ƨȈƦǴLjdzơȁ .ƨȇƽȂȀȈdzơȁ ƨȈǷȐLJȏơ śƬǧƢǬưdzƢƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƨǏƢƻȁ ŇƢȇǁƾǻƗ ǭƢƳ ƢLjǻǂǧ ŚǨLJ .ƨȈǻȁǂƬǰdzȋơ Ǻȇƾdzơ ƔȐǟ ƨƦƬǰŭ ƨȈǸǴǠdzơ ƨǼƴǴdzơ džȈƟǁ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ǧdzƚŭơ ƧƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ƧǂǐƬű ƧǀƦǻ ǹƢǯ ,ƢȈdzƢǘȇƛ DZƢſ Ŀ ȂǼȇǁȂƫ ƨǼȇƾǷ ƾȈdzơȂǷ ǺǷ ,(1987 -1919 ) ȆǨȈdz ȂŻǂƥ ǵƢǜǻ ƾǓ ƨȈdzƢǘȇȍơ ƨǷȁƢǬŭơ ƨǯǂƷ ǥȂǨǏ Ŀ ƣǁƢƷ .ǾƬǼȀǷ ƮȈƷ ǺǷ ƢƆȇȁƢǸȈǯ DZȐƬƷơ ƾǠƥȁ ,ƨȈNjƢǨdzơ ǺǷȋơ ƩơȂǫ DzƦǫ ǺǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦǬdzơ ȆǬdzƗ ƾǫȁ .ȆNjƢǨdzơ Ƕǰūơ – džƬȈǨNjȁƕ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰLjǠǷ ńƛ Ǻȇǂƻƕ ƽȂȀȇ ǞǷ DzǬǻ ,ǹƢŭȋơ DzƦǫ ǺǷ ƢȈdzƢǘȇƛ ,ǁǂǫ ŕƷ ,ǾƫƢȈƷ DZơȂǗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ Ƣđ ǂĈ Ƿ Ŗdzơ ƣǁƢƴƬdzơ Ǿƫƽȁơǁ ƾǫȁ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ Ŀ ƨǼǷƢǰdzơ ƧȂǬdzơ ƪƯƾƷƗȁ .ƢȀƦƬǯ ƨȈƥƽƗ ƩƢǨdzƚǷ Ŀ ƢȀǔǠƥ Ǻȇȁƾƫ ,ƣǂūơ ƾǠƥ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ" .ŃƢǠdzơ ƔƢŴƗ ǦǴƬű Ŀ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ƾȇƾǠdzơ ȃƾdz ơƆƾȇƾNj ȏƆ ƢǠǨǻơ ǾƫƢǨdzƚǷ ȄǴǟ ȆǨȈdz ȂŻǂƥ ǵƾǫƗ 1987 ǵƢǟ Ŀȁ .ȆǨȈdz ȂŻǂƥ ƱƢƬǻ ƧǁȂǯƢƥ Ȃǿ – "ǹƢLjǻȍơ .ǁƢƸƬǻȏơ
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Ǧdzƚŭơ ƨǷƾǬǷ ƪǫȂdzơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ .1944 ǵƢǟ Ŀ ǖǬǧ džƬǨNjȁơ ńƛ ƪǴLJǁƌƗ ňƗ ȆǜƷ ǺLjū ȃǂLJȋơ ǂǸǟ DZďȂǘƫ ǹƗ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǷȂǰƷ Ʃǁǂǫ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƨǴǷƢǠdzơ ȅƾȇȋơ Ŀ ǎǬǼdzơ ǶǫƢǨƫ ȅǀdzơ ǵơƾǟȍơ ǀȈǨǼƫ ƆƢƬǫƚǷ ơȂǨǫȁƗȁ ƧƢȈūơ ǕȁǂNj ơȂǼĈLjƷ .ƧƽƢƥȍƢƥ ǶȀȈǴǟ Ƕǰĉ ĄƷ Ǻȇǀdzơ .ƤǴǫ ƧȁƢLjǬƥ ȃǂƳ DZƢǸǟȋơ DZȂƷ ŃƢǠdzơ ƔƢŴƗ Ŀ .ƔơǂǬǴdz ǥȁǂǠǷ Ȃǿ Ƣŭ ƢƆƠȈNj ĺƢƬǯ ǦȈǔȇ ȏ Ǯdzǀdz Ń .ƧƽƢƥȍơ ƩơǂǰLjǠǷ :Ƥǟǂdzơȁ ƨǷƾǐǴdz Śưŭơ ǝȂǓȂŭơ DZȂƷȁ ƩǂƳ Ŗdzơ ƨǠȈǜǨdzơ Ƣȇơȁǃ ƔȆǔȇ ǹƗ ǽǁȁƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹȂǰȇ ƢŠǁ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƩƢǷƢēơ ƧǁƢƯȍ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ơǀǿ ƤƬǰĄȇ ƣȂǠNj ȃƾdz ŕƷȁ ǺȇŚưǯ DžƢǻƗ ƾǼǟ .ƢȀǸȀǨȇ ŕƷ ǹƢLjǻȍơ džǨǻ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƨȈǨƻ ƤdzƢǤdzơ ȄǴǟ ."ȁƾǟ Ȃǿ Ƥȇǂǣ Dzǯ" ǹƘƥ ǁȂǠNj ȆǟȂdzơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂȇ ƢȀǴǷƢǰƥ ńƛ ƧƾǷ ǺǷȁ .ǂnjƬǼȇ Ń ƭȂǴǷ ƣƢȀƬdzơ DzưǷ DžȂǨǼdzơ ƢȇƢƦƻ Ŀ ƽȂƳȂǷ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ ơǀǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȆƴȀǼǷ ŚǰǨƬdz ơƆǁƾǐǷ ƪLjȈdzȁ ƧǂƥƢưǷ Śǣȁ ƨǧƾǐdzƢƥ DZƢǸǟƗ Ŀ ǃŐȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢƳƢƬǼƬLJȏơ ǃƢȀŪ ȅDŽǯǂǷ ƗƾƦŭ ȆƴȀǼǷ ŚǰǨƫ ńƛ ȆǨŬơ "ǹƢŻȏơ" DZȂƸƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŃƢǠdzơ Ǻǟ ǂǜǻ ƨȀƳȁ ƱƢƬǻ Ǿǻƛ . DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ǂǰLjǠǷ ǂȀǜȇ ƨǴLjǴLjdzơ ǂƻƕ Ŀ ƨȈǬǘǼŭơ ǵơƽ ƢǷ .ǾƬǧǂǠǷ ƤŸ ƢǷ .ƨǬǴǘǷ ƧǂƥƢưǷ Ŀ ȆƟƢȀǼdzơ ƢȀƳƢƬǼƬLJơ ŕƷ ƢǿǂȇȂǘƫ ȃǂƳ ƺȇǁƢƫ Ŀ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǂnjƦdzơ řƥ Dzǯ .Ƣǻƽƾē ǾƴƟƢƬǻ ǹƜǧ ƆƢǸƟƢǫ ơǀȀǯ ŚǰǨƫ .Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ǶƟƢǬdzơ ǂǘƼǴdz ǂȇǀŢ ƧǁƢNjƛ DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ƩơǂǰLjǠǷ .ƢƆȈǴǸǟ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǹƛ ƶǨǐdzƢƥ Ǯdzƿ ǞǷ DzǷƢǠƬdzơ ȂƳǁƗȁ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ŘƦǷ ǎǫơȂǻ ǭǁƽƌƗ ƢǻƗ ǺȇǂƻȊdz ƣƢƬǯ ńƛ ƨƳƢūơ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ƾdzĄȁ ƾǬǧ .ƢƆȈǠǫơȁ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǠǧ ǁǂƸƬdzơ DzƦǫ ŕƷ ƨȇȂȈƷ ƨƳƢƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǹƢǰLJ ƢǼdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ǹƢǯ "Ǻȇǂƻȉơ" ǭơǂNjȍ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ǞǓȁ ƾǬdz .ȃǂƻȋơ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ ƢǼƫƢƳƢȈƬƷơ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ơǀǿ ƤǴǤƫ ƾǬdz .ǽƾǠƥȁ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ȆǴƻơƾdzơ ǂȇǂƸƬdzơ ńƛ ǥƾǿ ƔȆNj Dzǯ DzƦǫȁ ȏƆ ȁƗ .ƨƳƢūơ ǽǀǿ ȄǴǟ ƨƥƢƳȎdz 9
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǾǻƘƥ DžƢLjƷȎdz ƢƆǬƦǗ Dzƥ .ȆǬǘǼǷ ǩƢȈLjdz ƢƆǬƦǗ ƤƬǰĄƫ Ń DZȂǐǨdzơ ǞǘǬƬŭơ ǾǠƥƢǗ ǦȈǓƗ ǹƗ ƵȂǸLjǷ ǾǻƗ Ņƛ DzȈź .ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ DžȁǁƾǷ Dzǰnjƥ ȃǂƳ ǂȇǂƸƬdzơ .DzƴǠƬLjǷ .DZƢȈŬơ ƾȈdzȁ džȈdz ƧǁȂǯǀŭơ DZƢǸǟȋơ ǺǷ ƢƆȇƗ ǹƗ ȆǨȈdz ȂŻǂƥ
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ΔϣΪϘϣ
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ ǥȂƻ Ȑƥ ǹȂLjdzƢŪơ ǶƬǻƗ ƨǼǷȉơ ǺǯƢLjŭơ Ŀ ǪȇƾǏ ǾƳȁȁ ơƆǁƢƷ ƢƌǷƢǠǗ ǹȁƾš Ǻȇǀdzơ ǶƬǻƗ ƣƢĈȈǤĄ dzơ ǞǷ ƪȈƦdzơ ńƛ ǹȁƽȂǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ ơȁǂǜǻơȁ ơȂǴǷƘƫ ƽǁƢƦdzơ ǞǬǼƬLjŭơ Ŀ DzǸǠȇ ȅǀdzơ ǝǁƢǐȇȁ ƆƨƷơǁ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ȅǀdzơ Ȃǿ ƧŚǤǏ DŽƦƻ ƨǸǬdz DzƳƗ ǺǷ .ƢƆƬȈǷ ƶƦǐȇ "ȏ" ȁƗ "ǶǠǻ" DZȂǫ ȄǴǟ ȅǀdzơȁ ƧƗǂǷơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ Dzǿ ơȁǂǜǻơȁ ơȂǴǷƘƫ ǂǠăNj Ȑƥȁ ǶLJơ Ȑƥ ƪȈƥ ǂǯǀƬǴdz ƧĈȂǫ ƢȀȈǧ ǪƦƫ Ń ƽǁƢƥ ƢȀǬǴƷȁ ǹƢƬǣǁƢǧ ƢǿƢǼȈǟ ƾǸƴƬǷ ȆƟƢƬNj ǵȂȇ Ŀ ƨǟƾǨǓ DzưǷ ƭƾƷ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǹƗ ơȁǂǯǀƫȁ ơȁǂǰǧ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ƪǻƢǯȁ ǶǯǂǷƕ ƢǻƗ Ŗdzơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ ǶƬǻƗȁ ƪȈƦdzơ Ŀ ǹȂLjdzƢƳ ǶƬǻƗȁ.ǶǰƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ƢǿȁǂǨŢ ǹƗ ǹȂǨǫơȁ ǶƬǻƗȁ ǹȂLjdzƢƳ ǶƬǻƗȁ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
DžƗǂdzơ ńƛ DzƳǂdzơ Ǧǯ ǺǷ Ǒǂŭơ Ƕǰƥǂǔȇȁ .ƢƆǔȇƗ ǶǰǴąLjǻ ǂȀǜdzơ ǶǰȈdzƛ ǂȇƾȇȁ
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ƨǴƷǂdzơ (ŐǸLjȇƽ) DZȁȋơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ǂnjǟ ƮdzƢưdzơ Ŀ ȆĈ Ǵǟ ǒƦǬdzơ ƪǬdzƗ ƨȈNjƢǨdzơ ƤƟƢƬǰdzơ ƨdzDŽǠdzơ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈƠǓ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƧŐƻ ƤƷƢǏȁ ǺȇǂnjǠdzơȁ ƨǠƥơǂdzơ Ŀ ƢǻƗȁ 1943 ƢƆƸǓơȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǷ Ŀ ō ƩǁȂǗ ƨȈNjƢǨdzơ ƨȈǫǂǠdzơ śǻơȂǬdzơ DzǠǨƥ ȆǴǟ ƢǓƎǂǧƌ ǹơǀǴdzơ ǝƢǘǬǻȏơȁ ƨƟƽƢŮơ ƵƢƦNjȋơ ƵơȁǁƗ ƪǼǰLJ ŃƢǠdzơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ȆLjǨǼdz ǾƬȈǼƥ ŅƢȈƻ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ƧƢȈƸǴdz ƨǧǂǠǷ ǺȀƬǧǂǟ ļơȂǴdzơ ƔƢLjǼdzơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǫȁ ȆLjǼƳ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ǹƢǠƴNj ǩƢǧǁȁ ƨǼǨǠƬŭơȁ .ǒǷƢǣȁ DZƾƬǠǷ ƽǂŤ ǁȂǠNj ȆǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƩǁȂǗȁ ƨǨȈǨǗ .Ȑ Ɔ ȀLJ Ǻǰȇ Ń ȆǴưǷ ƧŐŬơ ȆǴȈǴǫ ǩƢǧǂdzơ ǺǷ ƽƾǟ ǞǷ DZƢƦŪơ ńƛ ƣȁǂŮƢƥ ǁơǂǬdzơ ƨǓƢǨƬǻȏơ ƨǯǂƷ ńƛ ƤLjƬǼƫ śǷȁƢǬŭơ ǺǷ ƨƦǐǟ džLJƚǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƬȈǻ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ƨǷƢǫƛ Ŀ ƶƴǼǻ Ń ƢǼǠdzƢǗ ƔȂLjdz Ǻǰdzȁ (ƨȇǂūơȁ DZƾǠdzơ) 'Giustizia e Libertà' DZƢŭơ ƢǼǠǷ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ƢǼƫǃȂƷ Ŀ ƵȐLJ Ǻǰȇ Ńȁ ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǞǷ DZƢǐƫơ ǹƢǯ džǰǠdzƢƥ ƧǁƾǬǷ ȁȁƿȁ ǹƢǠƴNj DžƢǻƗ ƢǼǐǬǼȇ Ń .ǾȈǴǟ DZȂǐƸǴdz ƨǟƢƴnjdzơȁ ǺǷ ơȂǬǧƾƫ ƾǫȁ ǂNj Ȃǟǁơǃ ǶȀǼǷȁ ƧƾȈƳ Ƨƽơǁƛ ƣƢƸǏƗ ǶȀǼǷ ǹȁŚưǯ DžƢǻƗ ƢǼdzȂƷ ǝƢǧƽȁ ƵȐLJȁ ƧƽƢǫ Ǻǟ ƢƆưŞ .DžƢLJƗ ƢŮ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƆǂǗƗ ơȁƾŸ Ȇǰdz DZƢƦŪơ ńƛ DZȂȀLjdzơ .ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǺǷ ƢƆƳȁǃ ƨǗƢLjƦƥ ȁƗ ƔĿƾƫ ơƆǁƢǻȁ ƘƦűȁ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǾƬǸǴǠƫ ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƾǫ ǺǯƗ Ń ƨǴƷǂŭơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǺǸǧ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ǩǂǘdzƢƥ ǖǬǧ ǾǧơƾǿƗ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐƸǴdz ơƆƾƥƗ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ȄǠLjȇ ȏ ǹƗ :Ȃǿȁ ƢŠ ǺȇǂȇƾƳ ƢǼǯ ƢǼǻƗ ǥǂƬǟƗ ȏ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪLjdz Ǯdzǀdz .Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǯ ǺǸưdzơ Ǟǧƾȇ ƔȆǘź ȄǴǟ ǒƦǬƫ ŕƷ DzȈǴdzơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƪǯǂŢ ƨȈNjƢǧ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ .Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ƢǼdz ƭƾƷ .ƢǼǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ȅƽơȂdzơ Ŀ ƩƘƦƬƻơ ƢǼƬǟȂǸů ǺǷ ƧǁȂǘƻȁ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯƗ ȃǂƻƗ ƨǟȂǸů ƢǻȁƽƢǫȁ ƩȂŭơ Dzǜƥ ƨǗƢŰȁ ƨƴǴưǷ ƨǟƢLJ Ŀ ǂƴǨdzơ ǝȂǴǗ ǞǷ ƢǻƘƦű ƤǴǫ ńƛ ơȂǠǧƾǻơȁ .DzȀLjdzơ ńƛ 13
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƪǼǯ ."ȅƽȂȀȇ ǂǐǼǟ ǺǷ ŅƢǘȇơ ǺǗơȂǷ" : ŖȇȂǿ ǺǴǟƗ ǹƗ ƪǴĈǔǧ ƩƢǬȈǬƸƬdzơ Ŀ ƾȈǠƥ ǹƢǰǷ DZƢƦŪơ Ŀ ȅƽȂƳȁ ǂȇŐƫ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǺǴǧ Ǯdzǀƥ ǥǂƬǟƗ Ń ơƿƛ řǻƗ ƢƆǠǼƬǬǷ ƢǸȈǧ Ņ śƦƫ ƢǸǯ ƆƘǘƻ) ƩƾǬƬǟơ ."ǦǐǬdzơ ƢȇƢƸǔdz" ƘƴǴǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ DZƉ Ƣǟȁ ƩȂŭơ ŕƷ ƆơǁȂǧ řǻȂƥǀǠȇ ǥȂLJ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ ȆLJƢȈLjdzơ ȆǴǸǠƥ ƪǧǂƬǟơ ơƿƛ řǻƗ (ƾǠƥ ǂǰLjǠǷ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƢǼȇƽȂǷ ƣǂǫ ŅȂLJȂƥ ńƛ ƪǴLJǁƌƗ ȅƽȂȀȇ řǻƗ ǶŮ śƦƫ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƤǟȂƬLJơ ǾǼǰdzȁ śȈǰȇǂǷȋơȁ DŽȈǴųȍơ ƣǂūơ ȃǂLJƗ ƣƢǠȈƬLJȏ ƾďǟƗƌ .ŚƦǯ DZƢǬƬǟơ ƧƾǷ DzƦǫ ƪLjLJƘƫ ƾǫ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗdzơ ƨȈNjƢǨdzơ ƨǷȂǰƸǴdz śƥȂǣǂǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń śǨǴƬű ƢƆLJƢǻƗ .ƧŚǐǫ ǹȂLjŨȁ ƨƠǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǯ 1944 ňƢưdzơ ǹȂǻƢǯ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ ƪǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƤdzƢǤdzơ ȄǴǟ .ƨƠǷ ƪLJ ńƛ Ƕǿƽƾǟ DzǏȁ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ƆƢȈǻƢȈǴǗ ƢƆȇƽȂȀȇ ơȂǜǧƢŹ Ń ǶĔȋ śȈNjƢǨdzơ ȁƗ śȇǃƢǼdzơ ȅƾȇƗ Ŀ ƪǘǬLJ ƢȀǴǷƢǰƥ ƩȐƟƢǟ ǭƢǼǿ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǴƬǬǴdz ǶȀLjǨǻƗ ơȂǸǴLJ ǺǷ ǒǠƥ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹƢǯ .Ƕđ ȄNjȁ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹȋ ȁƗ ǶȀLjǨǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƧƽǁƢǘŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ơȂǸƠLJ ǶĔȋ DžƘȈdzơ Ǟǧơƾƥ ơȂƫƗ ǺǷ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ƢƆǟȂƳ ơȂƫƢǷ ǶĔȋ ǶǿǂǗƢş ơȁƽơǁƗ ǺǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƢǯ ƨȇǂƼLjdzơ Ƨƾnjdz .ǶđǁƢǫƗ Ǻǟ ơȂǫǂƬǨȇ ǹƗ ơȁƾȇǂȇ Ń ȁƗ ȅƾǼƳ ƨƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ."ǹȂǻƢǬdzƢƥ śǷDŽƬǴǷ" !ƅơ ǹƢƸƦLJ ƨȈƷƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ǵƢǜǼǴdz śƥȂǣǂǷ Śǣ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ śǼǗơȂǷ Ƨƾǟȁ ȃǂLJƗ .ĿȐLJȂǣȂȇ .ƨȈLJƢȈLjdzơ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣơǂǤƬLJȏơ Śưȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ .Džƛ.Džȋơ DZƢƳǁ ǺǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƧȂǫ ǁȂȀǛ ǭơƿ ȁƗ Dzǰnjdzơ ơǀđ ŚLjǨƬdzơ Ŀ ǞȈǸŪơ ƶų ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .ȏƆ ƙƢǨƫ ǂưǯȋơ ƣȂǴǫ ƾǟǂƥ ǾƦNjƗ ƽǂǘdzơ ǹƢǯ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƆƢȈǬǘǼǷ ȏƆ ȂƦǫ ǂưǯȋơ ƧŐǠdzơ ǍȐƼƬLJơ ǹȁƾƥ ǶǿǁȂȀǜdz .ȅƽƢǟ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ǁƢLjȈǷȂǬdzơ ńƛ ơȂȀƳȂǧ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƨƦǫơǂŠ ǹƢŭȋơ ǵƢǫ /ǕƢƦNj 20 Ŀ ƨǴȈǴǬdzơ ƨȈǸǰdzơ DZȂƷȁ ƺƦǘǸǴdz ƔȆLjdzơ ǶȈǜǼƬdzơ DZȂƷ ơȁǂǷǀƫȁ .ƨȈLJƢǫ ƩƢǷƢēơ-ŅƢǘȇȏơ .ƧƽƢȈǟ ƨǟǂLjƥ DzǸǠƫ ǥȂLJ Ǿǻƛ ơȂdzƢǫ ŕƷȁ .ƨƠǧƾƬǴdz ƢȀǠȇǃȂƫ ȃǂƳ Ŗdzơ ƣƢnjƻȋơ ǺǷ ǶȈƼŭơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǭǂƬȈLJ ŅƢƬdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ śƦƫ ǺȇǂnjǠdzơȁ ȅƽƢūơ ƵƢƦǏ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ 14
ΔϠΣήϟ
.ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƨȀƳ ńƛ ơȂƳǂƻ-ȄǓǂŭơȁ DZȂȀǰdzơȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƔƢǼưƬLJơ Ȑƥ ǶȀǴǯ ǁȂƥƢǗ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ȏ ǎƼNj Dzǯ DzƥƢǬǷ .ǵƢȇƗ Ƨǂnjǟ ńƛ ƨLjŨ ǂǨLjǴdz ƽơƾǠƬLJȏơ ƤŸ .ǍƢƼNjƗ Ƨǂnjǟ DzƬǬĄȇ ƱȁǂŬơ ƢǼƯƾŢ ƢǼǴǯ :ƨǨƟơDŽdzơ DZƢǷȉơ ƪǜǬȈƬLJơ śŷơȂdzơ ǒǠƥȁ śƳƿƢLjdzơ ƣȂǴǫ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ."ǂǨLjǴdz ƾǠƬLjǻ ǹƗ" ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ƢǼǧǂǟȁ śȈƫơȁǂǯȁ śȈǻȂdzȂƥ śƠƳȏ ǞǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ Ǿǧƾǿ ƾȈǴǬƬdzơ ơǀǿ ŅƢǨƬƷơ džǬǗ Ŀ ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƄơ ǞǷ DzǷƢǠƬdzơ ƾȈǴǬƫ Ǿǻƛ .ǁȂǠNj ȅƗ ǶȀǿƢš ǹȁǂȀǜȇ ȏȁ .ƤǔǤƥ ǶȀǠǷ ǹȂǴǷƢǠƬȇ ơȁƽȂǠȇ Ń ǶĔƗ ǁƢȀǛȍơ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ƩȂŭơ ǶǰƷ ǀǨǼȇ ǺǷ ŕƷ ơǀŮ .ǞǸƬƴǸǴdz ŃƚǷ ƤƳơȁ Ȃǿ DZƽƢǠdzơ DzǸǠdzơȁ ƾǓ ǵơƾǟȍƢƥ ǵȂǰƄơ ǹȂǴǷƢǠȇ ȏ Ǯdzǀdz .ƨȈƸǔdzơ ǽƢš ƨŧǂdzơ ǺǷ śǠǷ ȃƾǷ džŹ ƣȂǴǘŭơ ƤLjƷȁ .ƨȈǻƢƷȁǁ ƨǫƾǏȁ ƔơDŽǟ Ǿdz ǹȂǷƾǬȇ DZDŽƬǠȇ ǹƗ Ǿdz ǹȂƸǸLjȇ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤƦLjƥ ȏƐ ƛ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ȁƗ ƨȈǿơǂǰƥ ǾǻȂǴǷƢǠȇ ǶĔƗ džŹ ȏ ǹƗ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ǹȂdzȁƢŹ ƨƠȈLjdzơ ǾdzƢǸǟƗ Ǿdz ǹȁǂǨǤȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣƢǬǠdzơ ǀȈǨǼƫ ǞǷ ǶĔƗ džŹ ƮȈŞ ǥȁǂǜdzơ ƩƢȈǷơDŽdzƛ :ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ǖǤǔȇ ƪǫȂdzơȁ ǺȇŚưǯ ƢǼǯ ƢǼǻȋ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ơȂǘǠȇ Ń ƢǼdz Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǼdz ơȁǂǨǤȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĈ ǟ ǂŏǨǰǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǯ ǵȐǟ ƾǟȂǷ ŕƷ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ DzǸǠƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƩƢǷƾŬơ Dzǯ ǹƗ ǁǂǫ ŅƢǘȇȏơ ǁƢLjȈǷȂǬdzơ ƩǂǸƬLJơ ƩƢǨȈǜǼƬdzơ DZƢǸǟƗ ƺƦǘŭơ Ŀ DzǸǠdzơ ơȂǴǏơȁ Ǯdzǀdz .ȆƟƢȀǼdzơ ƱȁǂŬơ ơȂǘǠȇ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ơȂǸǴǟ ƧŚǤǐdzơ ƨLJǁƾŭơ ȂǸǴǠǷ ŕƷȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ .ŅƢƬdzơ ǵȂȈǴdz ƨȈƬȈƥ ƢƆLJȁǁƽ ƽȏȁȌdz ƨǴȈǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ȃƗǁ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ƢǼȈǟȁ Ƥǟǂdzơȁ ƨǸƬǠdzơ DzȈdz ǽǁƢƬLJ DzȈǴdzơ DZƾLJƗ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ȏȁ ơǀǰǿ ơȂLjƷƗ ǶȀǴǯ .ƾǠƥ ƨȇƙǂdzơȁ ƵƢƬǨǻȏơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ơƽȂǠƫ Ń ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ DžƢǼǴdz ǹȂǴǠǨȇ ơƿƢǷ ȃǂȇȁ ļƘȇ ǹƗ Ɨǂš ǹƢŭȋơȁ ǹƢȈǴǘdzơ Džơǂūơ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǶēȂǷ ǂƒǰLj Ą dzơ ŕƷ ơȂƥǂNj ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ơȂƐǴǏ ǒǠƦdzơ .ǾƬǬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƧƢȈūơ ǝċƽȁ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǍȐƻƜƥ .ǺĔȂȈǟ ǺǔǸǤȇ Ń ƩƢȀǷȋơ .ǶƸǴdzơ ƧȂȀnjƥ ǶǿǂǟƢnjǷ ơȂƦċȈǣ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ 15
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ơȂǬǴǟ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀȁ .ƤƟƢǬūơ ơȁƾǟƗȁ ƽȏȁȋơ ǺǴLjǣȁ ǪȇǂǘǴdz ǵƢǠǘdzơ ǹǂĈǔƷ ƾƟƢLJȂdzơȁ ƣƢǠdzȋơȁ DZƢǨǗȌdz ƩơǁƢȈǤdzơ śLjǼȇ Ńȁ ǦnjǼƫ ŕƷ DZƢƦūơ ȄǴǟ džƥȐŭơ Dzǿ .ƢȀȈdzƛ ƱƢƬƸȈLJ ƢǿŚǤǏ ǹƗ ǵƗ Dzǯ ǥǂǠƫ Ŗdzơ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƧŚǤǐdzơ ǁȂǷȋơ ǮǴƫ ȏȁ ǶǯƽȏȁƗ ǞǷ ǶǰǻȂƬȈŻ ǥȂLJ ơƆƾǣ ǶĔƗ ǶƬǧǂǟ Ȃdz ǂƻƕ Dzǰnjƥ ǹȂǧǂǐƬƫ ǶƬǻƗ ǶƬǼǯ ǂưǯƗ ơȂǴǯƘȇ ǹƗ ǶĔȂǘǠƫ ơȂǻȂǰƫ ŃƗ ǽƽƢǨƷƗȁ ǺȇŚưǰdzơ ǽƙƢǼƥƗ .ǾƬƳȁǃ ǞǷ DzȀǰdzơ ȂǼƦƫƢǣ ǺǰLJ Ɨ .6 Ƕǫǁ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ DzǸǠdzơ ƩơȁƽƗ ǶȀǠǷ ơȂǴŧ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƧŚưǰdzơ DZơȂƴƬdzơ ƩơǁƢLjǷ Ŀ .ƩƢǘȈnjǼdzơ ǾƫƢǼǯȁ ƾǠƥ ơȂǐǫǂȇ ǹƗȁ ơȂǧDŽǠȇ ǹƗ ǺȇƽȂǠƬǷ ơȂǻƢǯ .ƺƦǘŭơ ƩơȁƽƗȁ ǹƢǸǰdzơȁ ǹȂȇƽǁȂǯȋơȁ śĔƗ DzƟơȁȋơ Ǻǯ ǶǿƙƢLjǻ .ǾLjǨǻ ƪǫȂdzơ Ŀ śƷǂǷȁ śǼǷƚǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĔȋ DzǸǠdzơ ǵȂȇ ǁƢǏ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƽơƾƸǴdz ƪǫȁ ȄǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƨǟǂLjƥȁ ƪǸǐƥ ǺǴǸǟ ǪȇǂǘǴdz ǁǂǐdzơ ŚǔŢ ǺǿǁȂǠNj ơȁƽǂǧȁ ǺŮƢǠǻ ơȂǠǴƻ ƧǂǔŰ ǵǃǂdzơȁ ơƆǃȂƦű DŽƦŬơȁ ơƆDŽǿƢƳ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ƔƢƥȉơ ƾȈdzƢǬƫ ƤLjƷ ƢǿȁƔƢǓƗȁ (ƨȇƾƥȋơ ǝȂſ) ǝȂǸnjdzơ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ơȂǠǓȁȁ DzƻơƾǷ ƾǼǟ ơȂǨǫȁ ƢǼǷ ǹȁŚưǯ śǰƥȁ śǴǏ DzȈǴdzơ Dzǯ ǺƥƾǼȇȁ śǰƦȇ ǺLjǴƳȁ ȏ ƤǠnjdz ʼnƾǬdzơ ǪȈƬǠdzơ ŃȋƢƥ ƾȇƾƳ ǁȂǠNj ƢǼLJȂǨǻ ńƛ DzǤǴǤƫ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁȁ ǦƟơǂǐdzơ ƢȀNjƢǟ Ŗdzơ DZƢƷǂƬdzơȁ ƽǂnjƬdzơ ǵȏƕȁ ǥƾǿ ȁƗ ƨȇƢǣ Ȑƥ DZƢƷǂƬdzơ ŃƗ .ǾǓǁƗ Ŀ NJȈǠȇ .DzȈƳȁ DzȈƳ Dzǯ ƨǨȈǴƻ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ȇǿ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƪǫǂNjƗ džǸnjdzơȁ .ňƢȈƻ DzǸǟ DzưǷ ǂƴǨdzơ ǞǴǗ .ǂǷȌdz ǵȐLjƬLJơ .ƢǼƥȂǴǫ Ŀ ƪǴǟƢǨƫ ƨǨǴƬű ǂǟƢnjǷ .ƢǻȁƾȈƦȇ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ śǸǸǐŭơ ƨǴƬǬǴdz ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǝǁƢǐƫ ơǀǿ Dzǯ .DžƘȇ ǥȂƻ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ǺǷ ƨŧǁ ǁƢǜƬǻơ .ǩȂǼű Ƥǔǣ ƢǼȈǧ ǪƦȇ Ń ǎǫƢǼƫ ǁơǂǬǴdzȁ ŚǰǨƬǴdz ƪǫȂdzơ .ǩǁƗ ƨǴȈdz ƾǠƥ ǹȂǼŪơ ǾƦnjȇ ƢŠ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǯȁ ǩŐdzơ DzưǷ .ƣơǂūƢǯ ǾȈǧ ƩǃăDŽǠƫȁ ƢǼǣƢǷƽ Ŀ ƪǴǷƢǠƫ ƩƢȇǂǯǀdzơ ǖǬǧȁ ŚǰǨƬǴdz ƧȂǫ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƧŚǐǫ ƧƾǷ DzƦǫ ƩǂƳ Ŗdzơ ǁȂǷȋơ ƪȈƦdzơ ǺǷ ƩƢȇǂǯǀdzơ ƪǜǬȈƬLJơ ȄǬƦȇ ȏ ǹƗ DzǔǨŭơ ǺǷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢǼǴǠǧ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ .ǂƻȊdz ƢǻƾƷƗ ƢǼǴǫ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ .ǂǯƿ ȁƗ ƨȈǬƥ ƢȀǼǷ
16
ΔϠΣήϟ
ƽȂǠƬǻ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ Ŗdzơ ǪǘǼŭơ ƨŻƾǟ ƨǫƾdzơ ǮǴƫ .ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ƨǫƾƥ ơƆƾǬǨƫ ơȂǸǜǻ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǧǫȁ NJȇȁƢnjdzơ .ǖƥƢǔdzơ DZƘLJ ƨǠǘǫ Ƕǯ ?Wieviel stük ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ Ŀ .ƢȀȈdzƛ ȄǴǟ ƔȆNj Dzǯȁ "ǂǐǼǟ" śLjŨȁ ƨƟƢǷ ƪLJ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ƣƢƳƗȁ ƨȈƸƬdzơ ȄǬdzƗȁ ǕƢƦǔǻƢƥ ǂǜƬǻơ ƢǼǿ .ĿǁƢǯ ǁƢǘǫ ƨǘŰ ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳȁ ƩƢǼƷƢnjdzơ ȄǴǟ ƢǻȂǴŧ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǵơǂȇ ƢǷ Ȑƥȁ ƆƢƠƳƢǨǷ ǹƢǯ ǂǷȋơȁ ńȁȋơ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ƢǼȈǬǴƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǼǿ :Ǫǧơǂŭơ Džǂūơȁ ǁƢǘǬdzơ śdzȂǿǀǷ ƢǼǯ ǖǬǧ .džǨǼdzơ Ŀ ȏȁ ƾLjŪơ Ŀ ȏ ŃȋƢƥ ǂǠnjǻ Ń ƢǼǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ǶǠǗ .ǂǯǀȇ ƤƦLJ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǂnjƦdz ƣǂǔdzơ ǾȈƳȂƫ ǺǰŻ ǦȈǯ ƨLjŨ ǦǘǏơ ļǂǗƢǫ Ŀ .śLjŨȁ ƨƟƢǷ ƪLJ ƢǼǯȁ ƧǂǗƢǫ Ƨǂnjǟ ƢƬǼƯơ ƪǻƢǯ Ŀ ǹȁƽȂƳȂǷ ǺŴ .ƶǓơȁ ǂǷȋƢǧ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǼƫǂǗƢǫ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƽȂǠƫ ȏ Ŗdzơ ƩƢȈdzƢLJǁȍơȁ ƩơǁƢǘǬdzơ .ƧǁȂȀnjŭơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ DZƢLJǁȍơ ƩơǁƢǘǫ ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ƔȆnjƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ǻǰdzȁ Ƥǟǂƥ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ ƢȀǼǟ ƢǼǠũ Ŗdzơ ƩƢȈdzƢLJǁȍơȁ ƩơǁƢǘǬdzơ Dzƻơƾdzơ Ŀ .ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ƨǷȂƬű DzȈǸŢ ƩơǂǗƢǫ :ƢǼdz ơȂǐǫ ƢǸǯ ǖƦǔdzƢƥ .Ǯnjdzơ ƤǴǟ Ŀ ƢǸǯ .ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǹȂǗȂǤǔǷ DZƢƳǁȁ DZƢǨǗƗ ƔƢLjǻ .ƨȇȁƢŮơ DzǨLJƗ ńƛ DzǨLJȋơ ńƛ ǡơǂǨdzơ ńƛ ƨǴƷǁ Ŀ ǵăƾǠă dzơ ńƛ ƨǴƷǁ Ŀ :ǺȇƽǂLjdzơ .Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ ǺŴ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǼǰŲ ƪLjȈdz ƨǴǷƢǰdzơ ƧƽƢǠLjdzơ ǹƗ ǶēƢȈƷ ȃǂů Ŀ ǹȂǨnjƬǰȇ ǂnjƦdzơ Dzǯ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ƢƆLjƟƢƥ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdz ǹƢLjǻȍơ .ƶȈƸǏ džǰǠdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ DzƟȐǬdzơ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ƨdzƢūơ ǒǫƢǼȇ ňƢLjǻȍơ ƢǻƽȂƳȁ :ƾƷơȁ ǽǂǿȂƳ śƬǧǂǘƬŭơ śƬdzƢūơ ƢƬǴǯ ǞǼŻ ƢǷ Ŀȁ DzǷƗ ƨȈǬƥ ƢǼƦǴǫ Ŀ ǒȈǔūơ ƨǜū Ŀ .DzƦǬƬLjŭơ ƢǼdz Ɣœź ơƿƢǷ ǥǂǠǻ ȏ .ơƆƾƥƗ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ Ǯdzǀdz ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƾǤdzơ ǺǷ ǥȂŬơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾƳȂȇ ƧƽƢǠLjdzơ ƨǜū .ŃƗ Dzǰdz ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰdzȁ Ƶǂǧ Dzǰdz ƨȇƢĔ Ǟǔȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƩȂŭơ ǾƳơȂȇ ǥȂLJ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ǵȂȇ ȁƗ ƔơƾǠLJ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ƶǸLjƫ ȏ ȅƽƢŭơ ǪǴǬdzơ ƩȏƢƷ ǺǷ ƽȁƾŰ Śǣ ƽƾǟ ǭƢǼǿ ƢǼǰŤȁ ǦLJȋơ ƢǼǟ ƾǠƦĄƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰdzȁ Ƶǂǧ Dzǰdz ƨƬǫƚǷ ƨǤȈǏ ȆǘǠȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƢƆȈǴǯ ƔƢLJƚƥ .ǾǴǸƸƬǻ ǹƗ
17
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƢǿƾǠƥ ƢǷȁ ǂǨLjdzơ DZȐƻ ƘǸǜdzơȁ ƽŐdzơ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ .ƩơǀdzƢƥ ƩƢƥȂǠǐdzơ ǹƛ :ǁƾǬdzƢƥ ǶȈǴLjƬdzơ džȈdz ŕƷȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ƨƽơǁƛ ƪLjȈdz.DžƘȈdzơ Ŀ ǩǂǤǻ ȏ Ȇǯ ƢǼȈǴǟ ƪǜǧƢƷ .śdzƾƬǠŭơ ƩȂŭơ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǺǷ ƨǼǨƷ ȏƐ ƛ Ǻǰǻ Ń ǺŴȁ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƽƢǬdzơ DžƢǼdzơ Ƕǿ DzƟȐǫ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǾǬȇǂǗ Ŀ ǁƢLJ ǁƢǘǬdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƆơǁȂǧ ƩơǂǗƢǬdzơ ơȂǬǴǣƗ ƾǬdz ǞǷ Ǿǻƛ .ƢǼdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ŘǠŭơ ʼnƾǟ ǹƢǯ ƢǿƾǼǟ :džƬǨNjȁƗ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ƢǻǂǠNj ƨǴƷǂdzơ ƨȀƳȁ .ƨȈǓǁȋơ Ƨǂǰdzơ ǩȂǧ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ ơǀǿ ƧŚưǷȁ ƨdzċȂǘǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƩƢǨǫȂƬdzơ .ǦǫȂƫ ǂƻƕ ńƛ śƷ ǺǷȁ ǾǴȀǷ ȄǴǟ ǁƢLJ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ǾȈŸƾȇȏơ DzȀLJ ǺǷ ƨȈdzƢǠdzơ DZƢƦŪơ ƩơǁƾƸǼǷ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ǭƢƦnjdzơ ǺǷ .ƤǔǤǴdz Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ŚƳŚƥ ŐǠǷ ƢǻŐǟ . ƢǼǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ŗdzơ ȃǂƻȋơ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ ǹƾǷ ƔƢũƗȁ .ƨǨNj ƪǼƦƥ ơȂLjƦǼȇ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ ǶȀǷơƾǫƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂǨǫȁ Dzǰdzơ .ƧǂǨLjǴdz ňƢưdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ƵǂǨdzƢƥ ļơƿ ƤȇǀǠƫ Ŀ ƨǜǬȈdzơ Ŀ ƪǸǴƷ .œǴǫ ȄǴǟ DzǬƯƗ ƪȈƦdzơ ńƛ ƧƽȂǠdzƢƥ ŚǰǨƬdzơ ǂǰǨȇ ȏ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƣơȂƥƘƥ džǯƢǠŭơ ǽƢšȏơ Ŀ ŐǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǂƴǨǼȇ ǥȂLJ ȅǀdzơ ǶȈǜǠdzơ .DžƢǻ ǵƢǘƷ ƢǼǿ :ŅȂƷ ƪǴǷƘƫ ... ńȁȋơ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ ǹƾǷ ƔƢũƗȁ .ƣȁǂŮơ Ŀ ƢǿƾǼǟ ƾƷƗ ơȁǂǧƢLJ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ śǠƥǁƗȁ ƨLjŨ ǺǷ .ǶǿŚǐǷ ǶÊLjƷ śǯƢLjŭơ Ɣȏƚǿ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ǥǂǠȇ ǺăǷ ǂưǯȋơ ƧǂǗƢǬdzơ ƪǻƢǯ ǽǀǿȁ .ǶēȂȈƥ ǹȁǂȇȁ ǹȁƽȂǠȇ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǖǬǧ ƧǂǗƢǬdzơ Ŀ ȆǠǷ .ƢƆǜƷ DžƢǼdzơ ơȂLjȈdz ǶȀǧ ǵȂǸǠdzơ ȄǴǟȁ ǵơǂƬƷƢƥ ǶēȂǷ ńƛ ơȂnjŻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǬdzơ DžƢǼdzơ DzƟȐǫ ƨƷơǂƬLJȏ ƱƢǟǃȍơ ǵƾǟȁ ƩȂǰLjdzơ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƾǬȇ DzƟȐǫ .Ǯdzƿ ơȂǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ ƢǼǠǫȂƫ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƪLjȈdz ƢȇƢǔǫ ȄǴǟ ǥȐƻȁ ƵƢȈǐƥ ǂƻƕ ńƛ śƷ ǺǷ ƲǟǃƌƗ ƤȈǿǂdzơ ǵȂǼdzơ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ Ŀ ǝƢǧƾǯ ǪȈǫƾƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƢȀǴǯ ƪȀƳȁ ȅƾȇȋƢƥ ƩƢƥǂǓȁ ƩȐǯǁȁ ǶƟƢƬNj ǞǷ ƨǷƢǿ ȄǴǟȁ ƨǠſ ƔȆǔȇ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǾǠǼǷ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȅǀdzơ DZƢǐƫȏơ ȁƗ ƨǬȇƢǔŭơ ǾƳȁ ƧǁȂǐdzơ ʼnƾǟ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ džǘǧƗ ǹƢLjǻƛ DzǛ ȁƾƦȇ ȃǂǯǀdzơ ƨǠſ DzưǷ ƪǧƢŬơ ƢȀƟȂǓ .ǭƢĔȍơȁ ƤǠƬdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ƨǯǂūơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬȇȁ ǁƢȀǼȇ ǽȁƘƬǷȁ džƟƢƥȁ ƢǼdz ƨǧȁǂǠŭơ Śǣ ƨȇȁƢLjǸǼdzơ ǹƾŭơ ƔƢũƗ ƢǼǜƷȏ ƧǂǗƢǬdzơ Ŀ ǭƢƦnjdzơ DZȐƻ ǺǷ Ŀ .ƨȈǻȂdzȂƥ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƨȈǰȈnjƫ ƔƢũƗ ƩǂȀǛ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ .ƢǼȈȈǧȁ ǡǁȂƦLjƬdzơǃ ƢȀǼȈƥ ƨǧȁǂǠŭơȁ 18
ΔϠΣήϟ
ǹƗ ńƛ ƩƢƥƢǤdzơ ǖLJȁ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ ǂĈ Ƿ ǁƢǘǬdzơ .ơƆŚưǯ ƽŐdzơ ƾƬNjơ ƧǂǨLjǴdz Ǟƥơǂdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ ƔƢLjǷ ƩƢǘƄơ .ǁƢǘǬǴdz ƨȈƦǻƢƳ Ǖ Ċ Ȃǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƢǻǂǧƢLJ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇȁ ƢƆȈdzƢǟ ǹƢǯ ƲǴưdzơ .ƔǖƦƥ ǁƢLJ DZȐƻ DZƢǐƫơ ƨǷƢǫƛ ƾǠƥ ƾƷƗ DZȁƢŹ Ńȁ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ƨƈ ȈdzƢƻ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ."ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ ńƛ ƢǻŐǟ" ƢǼǻƗ ƢǻǂǠNj ǹȉơ .ȆƳǁƢŬơ ŃƢǠdzơ ǞǷ DZƢǐƫơ ƨǷƢǫƛ ǦǫȂƬdzơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƾȇƾNj ƔǖƦƥ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ǭǂŢ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƾǠƥȁ .ƵȂƬǨǷ DZƉ Ƣů Ŀ Ǧ ć ǫȂƫ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǵȐǜdzơȁ ƩȂŭơ ƪǸǏ Ƕċ ǟ Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻȁ ƨĊǘLjƦǼǷ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ DzȈǴdzơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ǦǫȂƫ .džǷơƾdzơ ƔƢǔȈƥȁ Ɣơǂŧ ƔơȂǓƘƥ ƾȈǠƦdzơ ŕƷ ǚƷȐǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ ƨǰLjdzơ ǖƻ œǻƢƳ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ȄǴǟ .ǹȂȈǷƽƕ ǾȈǧ ƾǴƥ ǹƢǰǷ Ǻǟ ǂnjƦƫ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƩơȂǏƗ ƢǼǟƢũƗ ńƛ Dzǐƫ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ ǕȂǘŬơ ȄǴǟ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ƩȐƴǠdz ƤȈƫǂdzơ ǺƸǴdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǠǸnjǴdz ƪǧƢŬơ ƔȂǔdzơ .ƢǷ ƔȆNj ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ƢǻǂǜƬǻơ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ňƢLjǻƛ ƩȂǏ ǹȁƾƥȁ .ƧƗǂǷơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Dzǯ DZȐƻ ƪLjǴƳ ȆǴưǷ ǂƻƕȁ ǶLjƳ śƥ ƧǁȂnjŰ œǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǻǟ ƾƷơȂdzơ ơƆƾƳ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢǼǧǂǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ƆƢǠǷ ƢǼǠŦ ǁƾǬdzơȁ .śǼLJ DZȐƻ ƢǼǔǠƥ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǼǫǂƬǧơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǂnjƥ ƢŮȂǬȇ ȏ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƢǼǴǫ ƨȇŚǐŭơ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ȃǂƻȋơ Ŀ ǥȂƻ ƾǠȇ Ńȁ .ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǩǂƬǧơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧǂƥƢǟ ƨȈƸƬƥ .ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ƨǤǴƥ ǂǷơȁƗ ƪǴƴǴƳ ǶƬǠŭơ ƔƢǔǨdzơ Ŀ .ƲȈƴǔƥ ƶƬǨǻơ ƣƢƦdzơ .ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ȄȀƬǻơ ƧƘƴǧ ǶĔƘǯȁ ơƾƥ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ǹȁǁƾǐȇ Ƕǿȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǺǷ ǽƢǼǠũ ȅǀdzơ ȅǂƥŐdzơ ƵƢƦǼdzơ DzưǷ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƪǨǫȁ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ǺǷ ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƨƦƷǁ ƨƷƢLjǷ ƩǁƢǻƗ ƔơȂǓȋơ .ƢƆǬȈƬǟ ƢƆƦǔǣ ǹȂǬǴǘȇ ǵǃǂdzơ ǞǷ DZȁDŽǼdzơ ƣȂǴǘǷ :ǶƳǂƫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ƪǸǐdzơ ƽƢLJ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ .ƩƢǼƷƢNj Ƨƾǟ ǩǂŵ ǹƗ ƢǼǨƻ .ƩƢȇȁƢƷ ǦȈǏǂdzơ ȄǴǟ Ʃǃǂƥ ƨǜū Ŀ .ǁƢǘǬdzơ DzǨLJƗ Ŀ ƢȀǯǂƫȁ ơȂǨǫȁ Džƛ .Džƛ ƽȂǼƳ Ƨǂnjǟ ŅơȂƷ NJƬǧȁ ǾƬǷǃǂƥ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǶƬǿơ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƪǸǐdzơ ơȁƗƾƥ ǒǨƼǼǷ ƩȂǐƥȁ ƨLjƥƢǟ ǽȂƳȂƥ ƢǼǼȈƥ ơȂǫǂǨƫ ƧƘƴǧȁ .śdzƢƦǷ ȏ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ .ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿȁ ƨǧƾǐdzƢƥ ȏƐ ƛ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ơȂdzƘLjȇ Ń .ƨƠȇƽǁ ƨȈdzƢǘȇƢƥ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǹȂǬǬŹ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƾƷƗ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǴdz ǂǷơȁȋơ ơȂǘǟƗ ƣơȂŪơ ƤLjƷȁ"ǒȇǂǷ ǵƗ ǶȈǴLJ" "ǭǂǸǟ" .śǿƢšȏơ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ƢǼǨƻ .ǶǴƷ Ŀ ȁƗ ǭƢũƗ ǑȂƷ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǪȈǸǠdzơ ƪǸǐdzơ ƽƢLJ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂnjǻ ǶȀǰǴLjǷ .ơƆƾƳ śȇƽƢǟ ƨǗǂNj ƽơǂǧƗ DzưǷ ơȁƾƥ Džƛ .Džȏơ ƽȂǼƳ .ǂưǯƗ ƔȆLJ ƾǠƥ ǁǂǐdzơ" :ơȂƥƢƳƗ ǁǂǐdzơ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷ :DZƘLjȇ ǹƗ Ɨǂš ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǥȂŬơȁ DZȂǿǀdzơ ."ƢƆǠǷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ":Ǿdz ơȂdzƢǫ Ƕǿȁ ǾƬƳȁǃ Ǻǟ ǩǂƬǨȇ ǹƗ ƽǂȇ Ń ǂƻƕ ."Ǯdzƿ ."Ǻƥȏơ ǞǷ ƔƢǬƦdzơ .ƢƆǼLjƷ ƢǼLjƷ" :ơȂdzƢǫ .ǺǿƽȏȁƗ ƨǫǁƢǨǷ ǹƽǂȇ Ń ƩơŚưǯ ƩƢȀǷƗ ǝơƽȂdzơ ƨȈŢ Ŀ DZƢǗƗ ȂLjƬǻǁ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆȈǼȈƫȁǁ ƢƆƦƳơȁ ǹȁǀǨǼȇ Ƕǿ ƢŶƘǯ Ɣȁƾđ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƪǻƢǯ .ƢƆǓǁƗ ǽȂǷǁȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ ǽȂƥǂǓ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǾƬƦȈǘƻ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗdzơ ƢǰLjȈnjǻơǂǨdz . ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂdzơ ǶȀƬǨȈǛȁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ȃǂƳ ơƿƢǷ .DzǸǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǬdzơ DZƢƳǂdzơ ơȂǠŦ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂnjǟ ǺǷ DzǫƗ DZȐƻ ƾǠƥ ȏȁ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń DŽƟƢƴǠdzơȁ ƽȏȁȋơ ƔƢLjǼdzơ :ǺȇǂƻȊdz ǞȇǂLjdzơ ǦȈǼǐƬdzơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ǵȂȈdzơ .ƨǗƢLjƥ Dzǰƥ .ǶȀǠǴƥ DzȈǴdzơ .Ǯdzƿ ǺŴȁ .ȏ ǺǷȁ ƮdzƢưdzơ ƺȇơǂǴdz DzǸǠdzơ Ŀ ơƆƾȈǨǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ǺǷ ǁǂǬƫ ȆƸǘLjdzơȁ ȐƳǁ ǹȂǠLjƫȁ ƨƬLJ DzƻƽÉ Ɨ NJƬǧȂǻȂǷƢǻȂƥȁ ȁƢǼǯǂƥ ȅǂǰLjǠǷ ńƛ ǾǻƗ ǵȂȈdzơ ǥǂǠǻ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń -ƨƟƢǸLjŨ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ -Ǻȇǂƻȉơ Dzǯȁ .ƢǼƬȈdzƢLJǁƛ ǺǷ ƧƗǂǷơ ǹȁǂnjǟȁ ǞLjƫȁ Ǿǧƾǿ ȅǀdzơ ơǀǿ ȆƴȀǼŭơ ǦȈǼǐƬdzơ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƔƢȈƷȋơ śƥ śǷȂȇ ƾǠƥ ƪǷƾƼƬLJơ Ŗdzơ ƨȈdzƢƬdzơ ƩƢȈdzƢLJǁȍơ Ŀ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǀǨǼȇ Ń ƧƢȈūơ ȄǴǟ ǺȇǁƽƢǬdzơ "ǁƢȈƬƻơ" .ǾȈƳȂƫ ȁƗ ǂȇǀŢ ǹȁƾƥ śƦǻƢŪơ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ƩơǂǗƢǬdzơ ƣơȂƥƗ ơȂƸƬǧ :ǖLjƥƗ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ Ƥǿƿȁ .ƾƷơȁ ƤǻƢƳ ǺǷ ơȂdzDŽǻ ƨǧƾǐdzƢƥ ǺăǷ ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿȁ .ňƢưdzơ ƤǻƢŪơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿ ǺăǷ ǃƢǤdzơ ǹƗ džǸnjdzƢǯ ǹƢŭȌdz ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ƭȐưdzơ ƪǼƥ ƨǴǨǘdzơ ƢȈǴȈǷƛ ƪƫƢǷ ơǀǰǿȁ ǺǷ ȆǨȈdz ȁƾdzƛ DžƾǼȀŭơ ƨǼƥơ ƢȈǴȈǷƛ .ƽȂȀȈdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ ơȂǴƬǬȇ ǹƗ ǶǿǂǷƘȇ ƺȇǁƢƬdzơ ǂǷƗ ƢȀǸȈǸŢ Ŀ ƢƸų ƢȀǷƗȁ ƢǿȂƥƗȁ ƨǸȈǰƷȁ ƨƷǂǷ ǝȐǘƬLJȐdz ƨƦŰ ƨǴǨǗ ȂǻȐȈǷ ȅǀdzơȁ "ǺǨǠƬŭơ" ňƢŭȋơ ȆǰȈǻƢǰȈŭơ ƧƾǟƢLjŠ ǂnjƦdzƢƥ ƨƠȈǴŭơ ƧǂǗƢǬdzơ Ŀ ƧǂǨLjdzơ DZȐƻ 20
ΔϠΣήϟ
ȅǀdzơ ǂƫƢǨdzơ ƔƢŭơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƧŚǤǏ ƨƦǴǟ Ŀ DzǬƬȇ ǹƗ Ǫǧơȁȁ ǂǷơȁȋơ ƤLjƷ ǥǂǐƬȇ Ń .ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǴǬǻ ȅǀdzơ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ǺǷ ǾǫǂLJ ǹƗ ǺǰŤ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǻƙƢLjǻȁ ƢǼǴǿƗ ȄǨƬƻơ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǺǷ ƨȈǜNj Ŀ ƔƢǨƬƻƢƥȁ ǦȈǏǂǴdz ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƨǴƬǯ ƢǷ ƨǜū ǶȀȈdzƛ Ƣǻǂǜǻ .ǶȀǟƽȂȇ .ƢǼǻȂȈǟ Ǻǟ ƢƆǠȈŦ ơȂǨƬƻơ ƾƷơȁ ƨƯȐƯ ƨƯȐƯ ơȁǁƢLJ .ƔƢƥǂǤdzơ ǂnjƦdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů DzȇƽƢǼǬdzơ ƔȂǓ ȄǴǟ ƩǂȀǛ ƧƘƴǧȁ ǶȀLJȁƙǁ ȄǴǟ .ǵƢLjƳȋƢƥ ǖȈŢ ǶȀȇƾȇƗȁ ǭǂƸƬƫ ǶȀLJȁƙǁ .ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨǴNjƢǧ ƩơȂǘƻ Ŀ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ DzȈǴdzơ ǵȐǛ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƨǴȇȂǗ ǕȂǘş ƧƔƢƦǟ ǹȂLjƦǴȇ ƨǰƸǔǷ ƨǠƦǫ Ńȁ ƨǠLJơȁ ƧǂƟơƽ Ŀ ơȁǂǷȁ .Ƨǁǀǫȁ ƨǫDŽŲ ǶȀLjƥȐǷ ǹƗ ƆơƾƳ ŚƦǯ ƾǠƥ ǺǷ DŽȈȈǸƬdzơ ǺǷ ơȂdzDŽǻȁ ơȁƾǠǏ .ǵǃǂdzơ DzȈǸƸƬƥ ơȁƗƾƥ ƨǸǴǯ ơȂǜǨǴȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ .ƢǼȈdzƛ ơȂƥǂƬǬȇ .ƨǣǁƢǨdzơ ƩơǂǗƢǬdzơ .ƢƆȈǻȂǼƳȁ ƢƆǷȂȀǨǷ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƔȆNj Dzǯ . ǶǴǰƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂdzơ Ƣǻǂǜǻ .ơǀǰǿ ȁƾƦǻ ǥȂLJ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺŴ ơƾǣ .ƢǼǠǷ ŚǐȈLJ ơǀǰǿ :ơƆƾƷơȁ ơƆǂǷƗ ƢǼǸȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǦȈǯ ǶȀǧƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ .ƢƆǐƼNj śƯȐƯ ŅơȂƷ ǞǷ ƨǼƷƢNj ȄǴǟ ȆLjǨǻ ƩƾƳȁ Ń ƧƢǘǤǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƢĔȋ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǟǂLjƥ DzȈǴdzơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ƪǠǧƾǻơ ƧǁƢȈLjdzơ .ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ǹƗ ǶȀǨǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƩơDŽǨǬdzơ ƤLjƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǞǴǘƬdzơ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǻǰȇ ńƛ DŽǨǬdzơ DZȁƢŴ Dzǿ ƨǬǧơǂǷ ƨLJơǂƷ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǻǂǧƢLJ Dzǿ .ƩƢƦǘŭƢƥ ƔȆǴǷȁ ȂƉ ƬǴǷ ǁƢLjŭơ ȏƆ ƢƷ .DzǨLJƗ ńƛ ƽƢǬĄǻ ƢǼǴǯ ǹȉơȁ ƢǻǂƻƘƫ .ƾǟȂŭơ Ǻǟ ƢǻǂƻƘƫ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼLjLjƷƗ DzǨLJƗ .ƢǼǼȈƥ Ǧǫȁ ňƢŭƗ ȅƾǼƳ– ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨǬǧơǂǷ ƨLJơǂƷ .ƨLJơǂƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǼǯǁƽƗ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƨLjǷơƾdzơ ƨǸƬǠdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ǽơǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ .ǾȈǷƾǫ ŕƷ ǾLJƗǁ ǺǷ ƢƆƸǴLjǷ śǸȈdzơ ńƛ ƧǂǷ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂďȈǘĄƫ Ŗdzơ ƧǁƢȈLjdzơ ǖƦţ ƾǼǟ ƨȇȂǬdzơ ǾƬLjǸǴƥ ƢǼLjLjƷƗ DžȂǨǼdzơ ƢȀƬȇƗ Ƕǰdz DzȇȂdzơ" : ƹǂǐȇ ǹƗ Ɨƾƥȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾǼǫ ƔȆǔȇ Ȃǿ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ǁƢLjȈdzơ ńƛ ƧǂǷȁ
21
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƢǼǠǷ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ DZƘLjȇȁ ƾƷơȁ Dzǰdz ƣƽƘƥ ǾƳȂƬȇ ǹƢǯ 1"Ƨǂȇǂnjdzơ DZƢǫ ƨǟƢLjdzơȁ DZƢŭơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ƾȈǨƬLjǻ Ǻdz DZƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǠǧ Ǿdz ƢȀƟƢǘǟȍ ƨǟƢLJ ȁƗ DZƢǷ ƧǁƽƢƦǷ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ơƆƾȈƳ ƢǼǸȀǧ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ƤLjƷ ƆƢƦǴǗ ŕƷ ȏȁ ơƆǂǷƗ džȈdz ơǀǿ .ơƆǂLjǨǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǣ ơƆǁȂǠNj ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢƆǰƸǓȁ ƢƆƦǔǣ ǁƢƯƗ ǂǷȋơ .ƢǼƫǂǗƢǬdz ƧŚǤǏ ƨȈǐƼNj .ƱơǂǨǻȏƢƥ
ȅŚǤȈdzƗ Ŗǻơƾdz "ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰdzơ" ǺǷ ǂǠNj ƪȈƥ 1 22
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ ƨƥơȂƥ ƪƦǐƬǻơ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǵƢǷƗȁ ƩƢǼƷƢnjdzơ ƪǨǫȂƫ .ƨǬȈǫƽ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ƧǂǨLjdzơ ƩǂǸƬLJơ Ŀ řǬȇƢǔȇ DZơǃ ƢǷ ƔƢǔŭơ ǹơȂǼǠdzơ ǂǜǼǷ )ƆơƾȈƳ ƧƔƢǔǷ ƨƥƢƬǯ ƪdzƢǠƫ ƢȀǫȂǧȁ ƧŚƦǯ .ǁǂŹ DzǸǠdzơ.Arbeit macht frei :ȆǷȐƷƗ ƢǼƫǂƴǼƷ .ƨȈǧƢǯ ƨƠǧƾƫ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǣǁƢǧ .ǥơǂǗȋơ ƨǠLJơȁ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǻȂǴƻƽƗ .ƢǼdzDŽǻ Ń ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǀǼǷ .ƢǼƥơȂǏ ǂċȈǗ ƩƢȈǨǼūơ ǺǷ ǪǧƾƬŭơ ƔƢŭơ ƩȂǏ .NJǘǠdzơ ǺǷ ƨǨNjƢǻ ƣǂNj ǹƗ ǺǴǠƫ ƨƬǧȏ ƢȀǫȂǧȁ ƨȈǨǼƷ ƨǧǂǤdzơ Ŀ Ȇǿ Ƣǿȁ .ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ ńƛ ƔƢǷ ƨǘǬǻ Dzƻƾƫ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ "Ƕǿ" .ƢǼǟơƾƻ ƪǧƾȀƬLJơ ƨƬǧȐdzơ ǹƗ Ņ ƶǓơȁ !Ɣơǂǿ ƭȂǴǷ Ǿǻȋ ǝȂǼŲ ƔƢŭơ Wassertrinken ȁ ƨȈǨǼƷ ƢȀȈǧ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǼǻȂǴƻƾȇ -NJǘǠdzơ ǺǷ ǹȂƬďȈǷ ƢǼǻƗ ơȂǴǠǨȇ ǹƗ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǼǫƗ ǹƗ ƪdzȁƢƷȁ ƪƥǂNj ƢǻƗ .(ƔƢŭơ ƣǂNj ǝȂǼŲ) verboten .ǞǬǼƬLjŭơ ƔƢǷ ƨƸƟơǂǯ ǾƬƸƟơǁȁ ǪǧƾƬȇ ǂƫƢǧ ƔƢŭơ .ǪǐƥƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȆǴưǷ ƢȀǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǺŴȁ .ƨǣǁƢǧȁ ƨǠLJơȁ ƨǧǂǣ .ơǀǰǿ ȁƾƦƫ ƨǴƦǼǬdzơ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ Ŀ .ƨǴƦǼǫ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǂǜƬǼǻ .ƢȀǼǷ ƣǂnjdzơ ǃȂŸ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ ǖǬǼƫ ƨȈǨǼūơ .ǥȂǫȂdzơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ǹȂƦǠƬǷ ŕƷ Ǻǰdz ǦȈǯ .ƔȆNj ƭƾŹ ȏȁ ǂŻ ƪǫȂdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƤȈǿǁ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ƭƾŹ .ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂLjƦȈƫ ƢǼǔǠƥ .ƩơȂǷȋơ ǺǷ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ ƾǬdz .ƧȂǫ ƢǼȈǧ Ǫă Ʀƫ Ń ŚǰǨƬǴdz .ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǦƷDŽȇ ǺǷDŽdzơ ƔǖƦƥ ǂǜǼȇ .ǾǸǧ Ŀ ƧǁƢƴȈLJ Džƛ .Džƛ ȅƾǼƳ Dzƻƾȇȁ ƶƬǨǼȇ ƣƢƦdzơ ƆƢƫơȂǷƗ ƢǼLjdz ǺǷ ǵȂǬȇ (ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǥǂǠȇ ǺǷ) Wer kann Deutsch:DZƘLjȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .ƾȇƾNj ƨLjŨ ǦǏ ?Dzǯ ǥȂǫȂdzơ .ǶƳǂƬȇ ljȐǧ .ljȐǧ Ǿũơ .DzƦǫ ǺǷ ǽǁƗ Ń ǹƢLjǻƛ ƢǼǼȈƥ džƥȐŭơ ƤȈƫǂƫȁ džƥȐŭơ ǞǴƻ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ǂƻȉơȁ ƾƷơȂdzơ śƥ ǺȇǂƬǷ ƾǠƥ ǞǷ ƨLjŨ ǞǷ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǞǴƻ ƤŸ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƧĈǂǏ Ą Ŀ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ Dzǯȁ ƢǿƾƷȁ ǺǘǬdzơ džƥȐǷ :ơǀǰǿ .ƢǿȂǫǂLjȇ ȏ ǹƗ ǁǀūơ 23
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǪƟƢƯȂdzƢƥ DzǸǠǻ ơƿƢǷȁ ŖȇǀƷƗ ǩǂLjȇ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ DZƢƥ ȄǴǟ ǂǘƼȈLJ ơƿƢŭ ƨǫǂLJ ňƢŭȋơ DZƘLjȇ Ȃǿ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƤȈƳ Ŀ Ŗdzơ ƧŚǤǐdzơ ƩƢȈƳƢūƢƥ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ń ƢŶƘǯ .ƢǧƢǨNj ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǂƻȉƢƥ ǂǜǼȇȁ Ǻƻƾȇ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǖƥǂȇ ǹƢǸǣǂƥ ƾȈLjdzơ .ǶǿƽȐȈǷ ǵȂȇ Ŀ ƢǸǯ Ƨơǂǟ ǺȇƾNjơǁ ƆȏƢƳǁ ǁƗ Ń ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǶȀǧ ňƢŭȋơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƽƽǂƬȇ ǶƳǂƬŭơ .ǾǠǴź ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ DZƘLjȇ .ǂąLjǰƌ dz ơƆƾǻƢLJ ƢƆǷơDŽƷ ǞǴƦȇ ljȐǧ ǹƗ ƢǼǜƷȏ .ƢǷ ƔȆNj ńƛ Śnjȇ Ȃǿ ƢǸǼȈƥ ljȐǧ ńƛ ƨǷơǂǐƥ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ɨƾƥȁ ƾȈLjdzơ ǵơDŽƷ ǀƻƘƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ .ǵơDŽūơ ǞǴƻƛ DZȂǬȇ NJȇȁƢnjdzơ -DZȂǬȇ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǬȇǁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ǶǬǴǠdzƢǯ ƧĈǂǷĄ Ȇǿȁ ljȐǧ Ƕǧ ǺǷ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ DzǴLjƬƫ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǹƗ ƢǼȇƗǁ .ǺǿȂǯ .ƢǼdz ǁƢǬƬƷȏơȁ ƨȇǂƼLjdzơ Ŀ ňƢŭȋơ ƨǬȇǂǗ .ƨǧǂǤdzơ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǞǴŵ ǹƗ ǂǷƗȁ ǂƻƕ ňƢŭƗ ƔƢƳ DzȈǴǬƥ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ Ń Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ŃƢǠdzơ ơǀǿ ƱǁƢƻ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼLjLjƷƗ ǁȂǷȋơ Dzǯ ƪȀƬǻơ .ǽǂǷơȁȋ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƢǼǴǠǧȁ ƨǷȂǯ ǂŸȁ ƨLjǼǰǷ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ ǹƢLjǻƛ ǂȀǜȇ ƧƘƴǧȁ .ǂǷơȁȋơ ǀǨǼǻ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ʊȁǃ ǹȂǠLjƫȁ ƨƬLJ .ǂƻȉơ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢȀǴǯ ƢǿǂŸ .ǹȂǼů .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƾďǸš ƶȇǁ .ƱǁƢŬơ ȄǴǟ ƶƬǨǼȇ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ƣƢƥ .ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǶƟȐƫ ƔơǀƷ Ƨƽǂǧ ơǀǰǿȁ !ƨȇǀƷƗ .ƣƢƦdzơ ƣǂǔƫ ƶȇǂdzơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ƢǼǻȂǘƥ ȆǘǤǻ Ƨơǂǟ ǺŴȁ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ńƛ DzǤǴǤƬƫ ǵƢǜǠdzơ Ɣơǁȁ ƾƷơȂdzơ ƔœƬź ǦȈǯ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ǂǜǼȇ Ǧǫơȁ Ȃǿȁ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƣƢƦdzơ ƶƬǨȇ ňƢŭȋơ .Ƥǿǀȇȁ ƣƢƦdzơ ǪǴǤȇ .ƧƾďǸĐƊ ơ ƶȇǂdzơ ƤȀǷ ǺǷ ƿȐǷ ƽƢŸȏ .ǂƻȉơ ƩơǂǨNj ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀȁ Dzƻơƾdzơ ńƛ ƨǨǏƢǠdzƢǯ ǹȂǬǴǘǼȇ DZƢƳǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ :ňƢưdzơ ƾȀnjŭơ ƩƢƬȈǯƢƳȁ ǕȂǘƻ ǞǷ DzȈǗƢǼƥ ǹȂLjƦǴȇ ơȂǻƢǯ .ǂǠnjǴdz ƨǫȐƷ ƩƢȇƢNjǂǧȁ ƨǫȐƷ ȄǴǟ DzȈǴdzơ Ŀ ǶǿƢǼȇƗǁ Ǻȇǀdzơ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ Ƕǿ ƢŠǁ .Ƕǫǁ ǖċȈű ǶǿǁȁƾǏ ȄǴǟ .ƨǘǘű DZƘLjǻ ǺŴ .ǶȀǷƢLjƳƗ Ŀ ǶēȂǫȁ ƔƢȇȂǫƗ Ɣȏƚǿ .ȏ (džǷƗ ǹƢǯ ơǀǿ DzǠdzȁ) ǦȈǏǂdzơ ǮƸǔǴdz ƧŚưǷ Ƕǯ .ǹȂǬȈǴƷ ǺŴ ƨǬȈǫƽ DZȐƻȁ ƢǼLJȁƙǂƥ ǹȂǰLjŻ Ƕǿȁ .ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠLJƗ .ŃƢǠdzơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ȁƾƦƫ ȏ ƨǤǴƥ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ƨǠƥǁȋơ !Ǻǫǀdzơ ǪǴƷȁ ǂǠnjdzơ ǪǴƷ ƾǠƥ ǽȂƳȂdzơ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǶȀǧƗ ƢǻƘǧ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ džȈdz ǮǴƫ :ǩƽȋơȁ
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ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ǵƢĈǸūơ ƨǧǂǣ .ƧƢǨƷȁ Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂǬȈǴƷ ƔƢŭƢƥ DzLjƬǤǻ ǺŴ ƧƘƴǧȁ ƶƬƒǨȇĄ ǂƻƕ ƣƢƥ .ǵȐǰdzơ ȄǴǟ ƗǂƴƬǻȁ DZȂǿǀdzơ ƽƾƦƫ ơƐƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ .ƢǻŚǣ ƾƷƗ ȏ .Dzƻơƾdzơ Ŀ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƢǼǻƗ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ǵƢĈǸūơ ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳ ơƿƛ .ƤȈŸ ǎƼNj ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǦȈǯ :DZƘLjȇ Dzǰdzơ ǹȂƸǸLjȇ ȏ ǹƿƛ ơƿƢŭ .ơƆǁȂǧ ƢǼǴƬǫ ǹȁȂǼȇ ȏ ǶĔƗ ơǀǿ ŘǠǸǧ DzLjƬǤǻ ƢǼǯ ơƿƛ .DzLjƬǤǻ .džƥȐǷȁ ƨȇǀƷƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ džȈdz .ƢƆƠȈNj ƢǼdz ǂLjǨȇ ƾƷƗ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƣǂnjdzơȁ DžȂǴŪƢƥ ƢǼdz .śǨǫơȁ ƢǻǂǧƢLJ ǵƢȇƗ ƨLjŨ .ǵƢǜǠdzơ ńƛ DzǤǴǤƬȇ ƽǂƥ Ŀ ƔƢŭơ ńƛ Ƨơǂǟ DŽǨǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ƢǻƙƢLjǻȁ Ǻǿ ǺȇƗȁ ƢǼǻȂǴǷƢǠȇ ƢǸǯ ƔƢLjǼdzơ ǹȂǴǷƢǠȈLJ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛ řdzƘLjȇ ȆǨȈdz DžƾǼȀŭơ .ƪǼƥ ǽƾǼǟȁ ƱȁDŽƬǷ Ǿǻȋ .ǶǠǼƥ ǾƬƦƳƗ Ǻǿơǂǻ ǹƗ ǁƾǬǻ ƢǼǯ ơƿƛȁ ǹȉơ ƩơƽȂƳȂǷ Ǿǧƾǿ Ȑ Ɔ ȈưŤ ȏƐ ƛ džȈdz ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǹƗ ƧǂǰǨdzơ ǂǬǼƫ ƪǻƢǯ œǴǫ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ċǺǿĄ ơǂǻ ƢƆǠƦǗ Ǯdzƿ džǰǟ ƾǬƬǠȇ ǺǷȁ ƢǼǻȂƬȈŻ ǥȂLJ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ Ŀ ǶĔƗ ƶǓơȁ .ƢǼdzȏƿƛȁ ƢǼǟơƾƻ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƢŠǁ ƢǼƬǟƢLJ ļƘƬLJ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǾǻƗ ƪǸȀǧ ƢǻƗ .ȏ ƢǻƗ .ǝơƾƼǴdz ƨȈƸǓ ǖǬLJ ǹȂǼů džǴų ǹƗ DZȁƢŴȁ ȃǂƻȋơ ƾǠƥ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ DŽǨǬǻ ƢǼȇǂĄǟ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ǺǷ ǹȂǧǂǬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ƔƢŭƢƥ ƧǁȂǸǤǷ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǑǁƗ ǹȋ .ȄǠǧƗ ƢǼƬǠLjdz Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƧƢƴǧ ǦǬǼdz ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǞǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƭƽƢƸƬǻ ǥƾǿ Ȑƥ ơƆǁƢLjȇȁ ƢƆǼȈŻ Ƥǿǀǻ .ŐNj ȂǴǟ Ŀ ƽǁƢƦdzơ ƾǼǟ ǽƢǼǧǂǟ ȅǀdzơ ňƢŭȋơ ǖƥƢǔdzơ Dzƻƾȇ .ƶƬǨǼȇ ƣƢƦdzơ .ƨƴǔdzƢƥ ǵȂǬǻ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ Dzǯ śƬǷƢǏ ǹȂǰǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǻƗ DZȂǬȇ ǖƥƢǔdzơ .ǶƳǂƬȇ ljȐǧȁ DzǸĄƳ Ƨƾǟ DZȂǬȇ .ƢǼƠȈů ǞǸąLjƫĄ Ŗdzơ Ƨǂȇǂnjdzơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǽǀǿ (ƽȂȀȈdzơ Ǻȇƾdzơ DZƢƳǁ) śȈǻƢƥǂǴdz ƨLJǁƾǷ ƪLjȈdz ƢǼǿ .ơƆƾLJƢǧ Ȑ Ɔ ǯƗ ǪǐƦȇ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǾǸǧ ǺǷ ƢȀǬǴǘȇ Ȃǿȁ ǾȀƳȁ ǽȂnjƫ ǾǸǧ Ŀ ƨƦȇǂǣ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷȁ .ƢǼǿ ȄǬƦǻ ƾǠƥ ƪǫȂdzơ ǺǷ Ƕǯȁ ǂǜƬǼǻ ơƿƢǷ DZƘLjȇ ǹƗ ǶƳǂƬŭơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘǻ ƨƦǣǁ ǹȁƾƥ ǶƳǂƬȇ ljȐǧ .ƢǼƬǴƠLJƗ ƨŦǂƫ ǒǧǂȇ Ȃǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢǿŚǣȁ ƢǿŚǣȁ .ƔƢLjǼdzơ ƨŦǂƫ ǒǧǂȇ ǾǼǰdzȁ ǶLjdzƢƥ ƶǔǼƫ ƲǴưdzƢǯ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƩƢǸǴǯ .ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏơ ńƛ ňƢŭȋơ DZơȂǫƗ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ Ŀ ƽȂdzȂǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ Ȃǿ Ǯdzƿ DzǠǧ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ǹƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ Ǿǻȋ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ńƛ ƢǼdzơȂǫƗ ǹƢȈǴǘdzơ ƾǓ DzƫƢǫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƥƢǏƛ ǪȈǸǟ ƵǂƳ ǁƢƯƕ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ śLjŨ ŅơȂƷ ǽǂǸǟ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƢǻƗ .ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǪǴǤǷȁ ƩȂǰLJ ǹƢLjǻƛ .ńȁȋơ ƨȈdzƢǠdzơ ƣǂūơ Ŀ .ƢȈǻƢŭƗ NJȈƳ ǁƢǗƛ Ŀ .ƢǼǴƦǫ ǪȇƢǔƬȇ Ɨƾƥ ǾǻƗ džƷƗ řǻȋ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ Ǿdz ǺǯƗ .ƢǼLjǨǻƗ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼdz śȀǷ ƪǸǐƥ ǥȂǫȂdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǷ ƪǰLjǻ ǺŴȁ Ʊǂź ňƢŭȋơ .ƣƢƦdzơ ƶƬǨǼȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ .ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂƴǨdzơ ǞǴǘȈLJ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ Ǯnjǻ ƢǻƗƾƥ .ƨǴȈdz ƪȈǬƥ ƨǴȈdz džƦǴȇ .ǶȀǴưǷ ƢƆǼLjƷ džȈdz .ǾǫƢǧǁ Ǻǟ ƢƆǨǴƬű ơƾƥ ƨƐǘǫǂĄǷ džƥȐǷ džƦǴȇ ǹƢLjǻƛ Dzƻƽ .ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƢǼȈdzƛ ǾƳȂƫ .ȅǁƢǔƷ ǹƢLjǻƛ ǾƳȁ Ǿdz śƫǁƢǜǻ Ŗdzơ ƩƢȈƷǂLjŭơ ǺǷ ƨǻȂǼů ƨȈƷǂLjǷ ƾǿƢnjǻ ƢǼǻƘǯȁ ơƾƥ .ƣơǂǤƬLJȏơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǨǫȂƫ ǶǴǰƬȇ DzƳǂdzơ .DžƾǬdzơ Ƶȁǂdzơȁ ƩơǂƷƢLjdzơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƵǂLjŭơ ȄǴǟ ǹƢǘȈnjdzơ ƢȀȈǧ ǂȀǜȇ ȄǴǟ ƤȈŸ ǹƗ DZȁƢŹȁ ƣƽƘƥ DzȈǐǨƬdzƢƥ Ƶǂnjȇ .ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƧǂǠǬƬŭơ ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ .ƢǼƬǴƠLJƗ ǹƢǰLjdzƢƥ ƨdzȂǿƘǷ ƨǬǘǼǷ ƢȈǴǠdzơ ƢȇDŽǴNj ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ džƬǨNjȁƗ ƣǂǫ NJƬǧȂǻȂǷ Ŀ ǺŴ Dzǯ .Arbeitslager ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ DzǸǟ ǂǰLjǠǷ Ȃǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ .śȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǿũơ ȄǴǟȁ ƢǻȂƥ ȄǸLjŭơ ǞǼǐŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ (ǎƼNj ǥȏƕ Ƨǂnjǟ ŅơȂƷ) ȃǂLJȋơ .ƢǻȂƥ ȄǸLjĄȇ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ džƥȐǷ Dzƥ ƢǼLjƥȐǷȁ ƢǼƬȇǀƷƗ ƪLjȈdz ȏ ȏ .džƥȐǷȁ ƨȇǀƷƗ ǀƻƘǼLJ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ǶƸƬLjǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǻȋ Ƨơǂǟ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƢǼdz Ŗdzơ ǮǴƫ DzưǷ .ȃǂƻƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ǃȂŸ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ƨǜǬȈdzơ ƾǠƥ .ơƆǁȂǧ ǶƬȈLJ ơǀǿ .ŚȀǘƬdzơȁ ǵƢǸƸǴdz .ŚȀǘƬdzơ ǹȁƾƥ Ȃǿ ƆȐưǷ .DzǸǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ DzǸǟ ǭƢǼǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Dzǰdzơ ƢǼǿ DzǸǠdzơ ƤŸ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǞƥǁƗ ǀǼǷ .ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz ǹƢǼLJƗ ƤȈƦǗ .ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǶǴǠƫȁ ȅǁƢǤǼǿ Ȃǿ .ƢƆƦȈƦǗ DzǸǠȇ ǾLjǨǻ ƨǼLJ DzƦǫ ǖǬǧ ǶȈǫƗ ƢǻȂƦdzơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ džȈdz ȏ ȏ .Dzƻơƾdzơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ƩơȂǼLJ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇDŽǿ džȈdz ƆơƾȈƳ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ơȁǂȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Dzǰdzơ ǹƜǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .Ǧǐǻȁ DzƳǂdzơ ƤȈŸ "ȏ" ."ƢǼǴưǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ Dzǿ" "ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƪǻƗ ơƿƢŭ" ǵǃȐdzơ ."ȆƟƢǼƳ śƴLJ ƢǻƗ" ǾƬǗƢLjƦƥ 26
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ƤȈŸ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ǮƸǔdzƢƥ ƤȈŸ ƢȀǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ .ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠLJƗ ǾǻȂdzƘLjȇ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȏ .ƨǼȈǠǷ ǞȈǓơȂǷ ȄǴǟ ƨƥƢƳȍơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬȇ ǾǻƗ ǹȁǂȇ .ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ƤȈŸ ȏ ȏȁ ƪǰLjȇ ǾǼǰdzȁ .Ƥȇǂǫ ƢǸǟ Ǻđ ȆǬƬǴǼLJ ƢǼǻƗȁ .ƾȈƳ ǺȀǠǓȁ ǹƛ DZȂǬȇ .ƔƢLjǼdzơ DzǷƢǠƬȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ Dzǿ .ƨǻȂǼů ƨƦȇǂǣ ƢƆǐǐǫ ǎǬȇ ǾǻƜǧ ơǀǿ DzƥƢǬǷ .ŕǷȁ ǺȇƗ DZȂǬȇ ƾǬǨȇ ǹƗ ǎƼnjǴdz ǺǰŻ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ƮȈƷ ǽƾNjǁ ƾǬǧ ǾǻƗ ǵƗ ǁƢǬƬƷơȁ ƨȇǂƼLjƥ ǺǷȁ .ǵƾǬdzơ Ƨǂǯ ǹȂƦǠǴȇȁ ƩƢƫǂLjǻȂǯ ǹȂǧDŽǠȇ ƾƷƗ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ Ŀ ǶĔƛ DZȂǬȇ .ǾƥơȂǏ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ DzǸǠdzƢƥ ǃƢƬŻ ǺǷȁ ƆƢƻƢƦǗ ǺċȈǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ơƆƾȈƳ ƨǟǁƢǐŭơ ǥǂǠȇ ǵƾǟ ƤŸȁ ƨƯȂǴǷ Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ƣǂnjdzơ ǽƢȈǷ ǹƛ DZȂǬȇ .ƢƆǻȂƥƢǏȁ ƢƆǤƦƫ .Ƣđ ȅǂƬnjȇ ƩȏȂǏȁ ƣǂnjȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƆƧƽƢǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧȂȀǬǴdz Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ ƢƆƥȁǂnjǷ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢđǂNj .NJǘǠdzơ ȅȁǂƫȁ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈƟƢǷ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹȋ ǾǼǷ ƔƢƳ ǾǻƗȁ .ǁƾǬȇ ȏ ǾǻƘƥ ƤȈŸ ǾǼǰdzȁ .ƣǂnjǴdz ƢƆƠȈNj ƢǼdz ƤLjǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǷ ƤǴǘǻ ǺŴ ƨȈǴǸǠƥ ǂŶ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ƢǼƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ǹƗ ǽȂǠǼǷ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǹƗ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟ ƆơǂLJ ƢǻơŚdz ƨƷơǂǐƥȁ ǹƢȈǴǘǴdz ǾƦƷ Ǟǧơƾƥ ƔƢƳ ƾǬdz.ơƆǁȂǧ ƢǼǟ ƾǠƬƦȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǵƢǟ Dzǰnjƥȁ ŚȀǘƬdzơ DzƟȐǫ ǶǠǻ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǹȁǂƻƕ ǹƢȈǴǗ ƾƳȂȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǾdzƘLjǻ ."ƢƆǬȈǫǁ ƢƆƦǴǫ ǽƾǼǟ ǹȋ" ǹǂȇ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ǂƻƕ ǝȂǓȂǷ ńƛ DzǬƬǼȇȁ ƣǂȀƬȇ Ƕǿƽƾǟ Ƕǯ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ǺǷ ơȂǠƴnjƫ ǺăǷ ƢǼǼȈƥ .śǴǿơƿȁ śƥǂǤƬLjǷ ƢǼȈǬƥ ƣǂȀȇȁ ǾLjǨǻ DzǸŹ ƤȈƦǘdzơ .DžǂŪơ ƤȈƦǗ ƤȇǂǤdzơ ǎƼnjdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ȆȇƗǂƥ ƧȂǬƥ ƢƆǰLjǸƬǷ ƪdzǃ ƢǷ .Ȑǧ ƢǻƗ ƢǷƗ ǾǷȐǯ .ǾdzƢǫ ƢŲ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǸǴǯ ȏȁ ǩƾǏƗ ȏ ƢǻƗ .ƢǼƳǁƾƬLjȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǹƢǼLJȋơ ǵƢǸūơ ńƛ DzǏȁ ƧƘƴǧ .ǚǬȈƬLJơ ƾǫ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǹƗ DžƢLjƷȍơ ǺǰŻ DžǂŪơ śǻǁ ǞǷ ŕƷ ƨǠƬŭƢƥ ǦƬǰǻ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢǼȈǴǟ ƩċǂǷ ƨǠƬŭơ ǺǷ ǪƟƢǫƽ džŨ .ǺƻƢLjdzơ ƔƢŭơ ǁƢȈƫ ƢǼǻȂǠǧƾȇȁ ƢǼǻȂǴǯǂȇ ơȁƗƾƥȁ (ƨǠƥǁȋơ ǹȂǫƐȐūơ Ƕǿ Dzǿ) DZƢƳǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǵƢǸūơ ńƛ Dzƻƽ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ƢǻȂǠǧƽ ǺƻƢLjdzơ ƔƢŭơ ǁƢƼƦƥ śǗƢŰ śǴǴƦǷ ƢǼdzǃ ƢǷ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǹȂƻǂǐȇ Ƕǿȁ Dzǯȁ .ƨȈƦnjƻ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ ƢƆǫăǂƻĉ ƢǼȈdzƛ ǹȂǷǂȇ ǹȁǂƻƕ ǦǬȇ ƮȈƷ ƲǴưdzƢǯ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƧǁȁƢů ƨǫǁDŽǴdz DZƢȈǷ ƲǴƯ ȄǴǟ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǺŴȁ ȏƐ ƛ džŴ Ń .ǹơƿȉơ Ƕǐȇ ƹơǂǏ Ŀ Ǯdzƿ .ǂƴǨdzơ ǞǴǘǷ DzƦǫ Ƨơǂǟȁ ƧƢǨƷ ǺŴȁ ƾǸƴƬǷȁ 27
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƢǼǿ .ǂƬǷȁ ƨƠǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƨǨǫơȂdzơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ŕƷ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀ džƥȐŭơȁ ǒǯǂǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ . ƢǼLjƥȐǷ džƦǴǻ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ǹȂƸǸLjȇ .ǾǬȈǧǁ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ƙǂų Ń .ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ȃȁDŽǻơ džƦǴdzơ ƢǼȈĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢǼdzȂƷ džǴǰdzƢǯ ƤƷƢNj ǾƳȁ ƨƠǷ Ŀ ƢǼdz ƪLjǰǠǻơ ƢǼƫǁȂǏ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǧǂǤdzơ Ŀ ƧƕǂǷ ȏ ƔƢȈƷȋơ -ƩơȂǷȋơ DzưǷ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƵơȁǁƗ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƧǁȂǐdzơ ǂďȈǤă ƫĄ .Ƨǁǀǫȁ ƨLjƟƢƥ ƨǟơĈDŽǧ ƨƠǷ .džǷȋƢƥ ƢǿƢǼȇƗǁ Ŗdzơ ǹơƾǬǧ Ǻǟ ƨǫǁƢūơ ƨǻƢǿȍơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ ǂďƦǠă ƫĄ ǺǷ ǂǬǧƗ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǹƗ ƢǼǯǁƽƗ ǹȉơ ńƛ .ȆƟȂƦǻ ƵǂLjǸǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǺǷ ƔDŽƳ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ƢǼdz ơƾƥ ǞǫơȂdzơ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ Ƶȁǂdzơ ƢǼdz ǪƦȇ Ń .ǁơƾŴȏơ ǺǰŲ Śǣ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ DzǨLJƗȁ ƨƳǁƽ DzǨLJƗ ńƛ .ƢǼǴǏȁ ǒȈǔūơ ǹȂǤǐȇ ȏ ƢǼǸǴǰƫ ơƿƛ .ƢǼdz ƢǿȂǬƦȇ Ń ƢǼƫơǂǠNj ŕƷȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ džƥȐŭơ ơȁǀƻƗ .ƔȆNj ǹƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷ ƢǻƽǁƗ ơƿƛȁ .ƢǻƔƢũƗ ǹȂƦǴLjȇ ǥȂLJ DzȈǴǫ ƾǠƥ .ǹȂǸȀǨȇ ȏ ơȂǤǏƗ ơƿƛȁ ƢǼdz .ǽƢĈǼǯƌ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ƢǼǷ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ȄǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƢǻơȂǫ Dzǯ ǞǸų ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȈLJ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ƣǂƴȈǴǧ .Ǯdzǀǯ ǂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƢƆǼLjƷȁ .ŅơȂǫƗ ǶȀǧ ƨdzȂȀLjƥ ƢƆǼǰŲ džȈdz ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟƗ ȃDŽǤǷ ȅƗȁ ǹƢLjǻƛ Dzǰdz ƧŚǤǐdzơ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƩơƽƢǠdzơ ƨǸȈǫ ƢǷ ǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǹƿƛ ǕƢƼǸǴdz DzȇƾǼǷ :ǝǁƢnjdzơ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǺȇƿƢƸnjdzơ ƾǼǟ ƧƽȂƳȂŭơ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƩƢȈƳƢƸǴdz :ƢŮ DzưǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǼƬȈǐƼNj ǺǷ ƔDŽƳ Ȇǿ ǽǀȀǯ ƔƢȈNjƗ .DŽȇDŽǟ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƧǁȂǏ ƨŻƾǫ ƨdzƢLJǁ ƢĔƢǰǷ DzƬŢ ƢǿƢǻƾǬǧ ơƿƛ .ƢĔȁƾƥ ƧƢȈūơ ǁȂǐƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ȏ .ƢǻƾLjƳ ƔƢǔǟƗ ǺǷ Ȃǔǟ ƢǼȈǧ Śưƫ ǹƗ ƢǿǁȁƾǬǷ Ŀȁ ƩƢȇǂǯǀdzƢƥ ƨǘƦƫǂǷ ƢĔȋ ƢǼdz Ȇǿȁ .ȃǂƻƗ ƔƢȈNjƗ ơƆǁȂǧ .ǁƢǰǧȋơ Dzǯ .ǽƔơDŽǟƗ ǾǼǟ ơȁƾǠƥƗ ǾLjƥȐǷ ǾƫơƽƢǟ ǾƬȈƥ ǾǼǷ ơȂƦǴLJ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ơȁǁȂǐƫ ǹȉơ Ȃǿ ƔȆNj Ǿdz ȄǬƦȇ ȏ .ƨǣǁƢǧ Ƨǂnjǫ ȏƐ ƛ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ơǀȀǯ ǹƢLjǻƛ .Ǿdz ǹƢǯ ƢǷ Dzǯ ƔȆNj .ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾďȈŪơ śƥ ǩďǂǨƊ ȇĄ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƽȂǠȇ ȏȁ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǯ Ǿdz ȄǬƦƫ ȏ DŽƳƢǟȁ džȈǠƫ ƨǗƢLjƦƥ ǾǼǷ ƪăƦǴĉLJĄ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾƬȈǐƼNj śǟ ƨǧǂǗ Ŀ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǾǼǷ ƤĉǴLJĄ ǺăǷ ŚǰǨƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǾƬƫƢǷƜƥ ǁơǂǬdzơ DzȀLjdzơ ǺǷ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǖăƸǼąǷĄ ǩȂǴű ńƛ DZȂƸƬȇ .ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǶƊǰƸ ą ȇĄ DZơȂƷȋơ ǺLjƷƗ Ŀ .ǹƢLjǻƜǯ ǾȈdzƛǂǜǼdzơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ơǀȀǯ ǩȂǴƼŭ ǪƦLjǷ 28
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ŘǠŭơ ǶȀǨǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹȉơ ƢŠǁ .ƨƸǴǐŭơ ƩơǁƢƦƬǟơ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƩȂŭơ ȁƗ ƧƢȈūƢƥ ǹƗ :ƨǴǸŪƢƥ ǾǼǟ ǂďƦǠă ǻĄ ǹƗ ƾȇǂǻ ƢǷ ǹȉơ ǶȀǨĄȇ ƢŠǁȁ ."ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰLjǠǷ":ǶLJȐdz ƱȁƽDŽŭơ .ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ ǹȂǰǻ ƢƆũơ ƢǻȂǘǟƗ ơǀǰǿȁ .174517 Ȇũơ .ǢǼȈǴƬǧƢǿ řǻƗ ƪǸǴǠƫ (ŚLJƗ) Häftling Ń ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ȃǂLjȈdzơ Ƣǻƾȇ ȄǴǟ ƨǫȂǫƾŭơ ǥǂƷȋƢƥ ƩăǂǨĉ ƷĄ ƨǷȐǟ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ǵƢȇƗ DZȂǗ ǾǴǸŴ ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǦǏ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦƫǁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǟǂLjƥ Ļ ȅǀdzơ ǩƾdzơ ƾǼǟ ŃȋƢƥ ǂǠNjƗ Ƨǂƥƛ ǾǧǂǗ Ŀ DzȈǷǃƛ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ǖȈnjǻ DzǷƢǟ ƣǂǫ ƢǻǁǂǷ .ƔƢƥ Ǧdzȋơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ƤLjƷ ǂȀǜĄǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǂLJ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂǴƻƾĄȇ DZƢǨƬƷȏơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǶĔƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚǐǫ ŕƷ ƨǔƦǬdzơ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǺǷ Śưǰdzơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǞǬƫȁ ƧŚưǯ ǵƢȇƗ ǂŤ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơȁ DŽƦŬơ ǀƻƘǻ Ƕǫǂdzơ ǂŤ .ǵƢǠǘdzơ ƩƢƦƳȂdz ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƨǠȇǃȂƬdzơ DzǫǂǠǻ ȏ ŕƷ ƨǟǂLjƥ Ƕǫǂdzơ ǂȀǜĄǻ ǹƗ ǶǴǠƬǻ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ .ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴdzƢƥ Ƕǫǂdzơ ƶȈƸǏ Dzǰnjƥ ǚǨǴǻ ǹƗ ǶǴǠƬǻ ŕƷ ǁȂȀNjȁ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ ŖǟƢLJ ǞǓƗ ƪǼǯ ƮȈƷ ȃǂLjȈdzơ ȅƾȇ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ǹƗ ǂƷ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƧƽƢǠǯ ƪǴǏơȁ .ȅƾǴƳ Ŀ ƢǿȁǂǨƷ Ŗdzơ ƔƢǫǁDŽdzơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƪƬƦǻ ƨǟƢLjdzơ DZƾƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ǵƢǫǁȋ *ƩȂŭơ ǶǴǟ ǁơǂLJƗ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǶǴǠƫ DzȇȂǗ ƪǫȁ ǂǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơ ȄǷơƾǫ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ Ŀ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ƧƽƢƥƛ DzƷơǂǷ ǎƼǴƫ Ŗdzơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ǮǴƫ džƬǨNjȁƗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷȁ ƧǂǨȈNj ƨȇƗ Ŀ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ŕǷ :ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǶȀǼǷ ǶǴǠƬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ 30000 ǺǷ ǵƢǫǁȋơ Ɣơǃƛ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ ǥȂƻ džŹ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ.ƪƠƳ ƽȐƥ ƨȇƗ ǺǷ ǥǂǠǻ ƶƬǧ ƾȈǨŭơ ǺǷ .ƢȈǻȂdzȂƥ ƩơȂƬȈǣ ƢȇƢǬƥ Ƕǿȁ .ƩƢƠǷ Ƨƾǟ ǖǬǧ ǶȀǠǷ ȆǬƥ 80000 ńƛ .ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ǖǬǧ ǶȀǼǷ ȆǬƥ .117000 ȁƗ 116000 ǞǷ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ śǼȈǠdzơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƣƢƸǏƗ .ƺǨdzơ Ŀ ơȂǘǬLjȇ ǹƗ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ Ƕǿ .ȆǰȈǻȂdzƢLJ ǺǷ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȇ ǶȀǼǰdzȁ Ŀ "ǂǔŬơ" ȁƗ NJȈŪơ Ŀ ƽƾŪơ ƽȂǼŪơ DzưǷ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƪǰǼǴdz ǝȂǓȂǷ Ƕǿ ƧŚƦǰdzơ ƧƽƢȈǠdzơ Ŀ ǶĔƗ Ǯǫƾǐȇ ƨdzȂȀLjƥ .DzǨǤǷȁ ǪŧƗ .ljǂǯ ȁƿ DzƳǁ Ȃǿ ŚƦǯ Ƕǫǁ .ƨǠǷƢŪơ ǒǯǂȇȁ ǝǂLjȇ ǹƗ ǾǠǼǬƫ ƨdzȂȀLjƥ .ƨLJƢLjūơ DzƳǁȋơ ƣƢƸǏȋ ƨȇƾǴƳ ƨȇǀƷƗ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ."ǾȈǴǟ Ǿdz ǚǧƢŢ" ŕƷ Ǿdz ǎǐƼŭơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺƸǏ Ǯdz ȄǬƦȇȁ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ƧȁƢLjǫ ǂưǯȋơ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ńƛ ǾưǠƦƫ ǹƗȁ DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ DzƥƢǬǷ ƨǬǠǴǷ Ǿdz ǞȈƦƫ 29
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǾLJƗǁ
ȄǴǟ
ǦǬȇ
ǾǻƗ
ƶȈƸǏ
Dzǿȁ
(Ņ
ȃǂƳ
ơƿƢǷ)
:ǾdzƘLjƫȁ
ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ Dzǿȁ ƢǗƢǘƦdzơ ŚnjǬƬdz ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Kartoffelschälkommando Ǿƥ ƨǏƢŬơȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ńƛ ǵƢǸǔǻȍơ ǂƻƢLJ Dzǰnjƥ Ļō ƢǼdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ƾȇƾŪơ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǂLJ ńƛ ƢǼdzƢƻƽƛ ƨȈǴǸǟ Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ ȅƗ ƢȀȈǧ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƨǨȇǂǏ Ŀ ƢǻȂǼƴLJ ǶNjȂdzơ ǹơȂǼǟ ǂǨƷ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ȆnjƷȁȁ ŅơȂƷ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƢȀȈǴǟ džǴų ȁƗ ƢȀLjŶ ǹƗ ƢǻȂǠǼǷ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨƦƫǂǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƧċǂLJĉ ȋơ .ǹƢLjǻƛ .NJǘǠdzơ ǺǷ ƣơǀǠdzơ ƢǼǴǏơȁȁ ƨǣǁƢǨdzơ ƨǬȈǔdzơ ƨƷƢLjdzơ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼdzȂš ǵȂȇ Ǧǐǻ ơƾƥ ƶƫƢǧ ǂǠNj ȁƿ ǦȈŴ Śǐǫ ƨǘǫǂǷ džƥȐŠ ƣƢNj Dzƻƽȁ ƣƢƦdzơ ƶƬǨǻơ ƾǫ Ƣǿȁ ƢǿƢǼdzƘLJ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƨǴƠLJƗ ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ Ŀȁ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǼǸƴǿ .ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƢƆȇǁƢǔƷ .ƣơȂƳ ǹȁƾƥ ǒǠƦdzơ ƢǼǔǠƦdz ǁȂǷƗ Ŀ ƨǴȀƳ ƽƾƳ ǺŴ .ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ǃȂŸ ƢǼǿ ƾƷƗ ȏ :ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ƤȈŸ Ȃǿ Ǻǰdzȁ ǞȈǸŪơ ǹƗ ƣƢƷǂƬƥ ƢǼdz ǎǬȇ ƆƢưƦǟ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơȁ ƪǫȂdzơ ƺǘǴǻ ǹƿƛ ơƿƢŭ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǾǻƜǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƧƽƢȈǠdzơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈdzơ ƱǂƼȈLJ Ȃǿ .ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ .ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ (ƢǿƽȂƳȂƥ ǺǷȁƗ ǹƗ ǺǰŤƗ Ń ƨǴȈǴǫ ǵƢȇƗ ƾǠƥ Ƣđ ǢdzƢƦǷ ƨƳơǀLjƥ) ǾƬdzƘLJ .DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ǁǂŰ ǞǷȁ ƔơDŽȀƬLJȏơ ǾȈǴǟ ơƾƥ ǾȀƳȁȁ ǮƸǓ ǹƢǼLJȋơ ƩƢȇƢNjǂǧ ƢǼdz ǹȁƾȈǠȈLJ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛ ƾȈnjǼdzơ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ– Vous n'êtes pas à la maison :řƥƢƳƗ ơǀǿ ǹȂƳǂţ ȏ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƢƆƸǐǷ džȈdz ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿȁ ƪȈƦdzơ Ŀ ǶƬLjdz :ǞȈǸŪơ ǽƾȈǠȇ ȅǀdzơ .(ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ ǶȀǨǻ ǵȐǰdzơ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ) ǪȇǂǘǴdz Ɛȏƛ ǭƢƦnjdzơ Ɣơǁȁ ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƪǻƢǯ ƲǴƯ ƨǴƬǰƥ ƪǷƾǘǏơ řȈǟ .ƢǼȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƫ ƘǸǜdzơ ǶǠǻ ƨǴƬǯ ƪǘǬLJ ȆǴƥƢǬǷ ƆȏƢƷ Ǻǰdzȁ ƲǴưdzơ ƨǴƬǯ ƪǴǐǧ ǭƢƦnjdzơ ƪƸƬǧ .ƾȈdzơ DZȁƢǼƬǷ Ŀ ȅƾȇ ǺǷ ƢȀǨǘƻ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ DZȂš ŚƦǯ ƾƷơȁȁ ƧŚƦǯ ȃǂƻƗ ƲǴƯ Hier ist kein .ȅƾdz Ŗdzơ ƨǰȈǯǂdzơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǾƬdzƘLJ ơƿƢŭWarumƨǛƢǜǨƥ .Dzƻơƾdzơ ńƛ ƨǛƢǜǧ Ŀ řǠǧƽȁ řƥƢƳƗ -ơƿƢŭ DZơƚLjdzơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ƢǼǿ Warum
30
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ƣƢƦLJȋơȁ ǝȂǼŲ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ǖȈLjƥ Ȃǿ ǥǂǬŭơ ƭƽƢūơ ơǀŮ ŚLjǨƬdzơ ǹȂǷDŽǴǷ ǺƸǼǧ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ƨƦǣǁ ƢǼȇƾdz ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǶȈǫƗ Ǯdzǀdz ƿƛ .ƨȈǧƢƻ ƪLjȈdz .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ƗƾƦŭơ ơǀǿ ǶȀǨǻȁ ǝǂLjǻ ǹƗ Qui non ha luogo il Santo Volto, qui si nuota altrimenti che nel Serchio2 džǸnjdzơ .ǶǼȀƳ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ǵȂȇ -DzȇȂǘdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ ơǀǿ ǾƬȇƢĔ ńƛ Dzǐȇ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƌƾȇȁǁ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ǹȂƸǸLjȇ Dzǿ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǺǷ ƢǼǻȂƳǂź ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǵƾdzơ ǵȂȈǣ ǺǷ ǖȈǴƻ Ŀ ƣǂǤƫ DŽǯǂǷ Ŀ ƨƦƷǂdzơ ƨƷƢLjdzơ ńƛ ƢǼǻȁƽȂǬȇȁ ǥȂǨǏ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂǸǜǼȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ .ȏ ƣǂnjǻ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ .ƨǴǷƢǯ ƨǟƢLJ ǀƻƘȇ ǂǷȋơ .ǞƥǂǷ Ŀ ƢǼǻȂƦƫǂȇ ƨȈǿƢǼƬǷ ƨǫƾƥ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ .ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹȁǂǜƬǼȇ ƾȀnjŭơ .ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƨȈǨǗƢǟ ƨȈǼǣƗ ơƾǻȂǷǃȁǁ :ƢƆǼū ǥDŽǠȇ ǩȂƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƨƥơȂƥ ƣǂǫ ǒǠƦƥ ƢǼLjLjƷƗ .ǂǷȋƢƥ ǦƼƬLjǻȁ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǂǜǼǻ ƢǼǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ Ƥȇǂǣ ƨǧȁDŽǠǷ ƪȀƬǻơ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǠȇƾƻ ȏƐ ƛ džȈdz ǾǴǯ ơǀǿ ƢŠǁ .ƱơǂǨǻȏơ ƢǼǫƢǧǁ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƩƢǟȂǸů ǂȀǜƫ ƧƘƴǧ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ȃǂƻƗ ƢƆǻƢūƗ ǞǸLjǻ ơƾǻȂǷǃȁǂdzơ Śǣ ƨƦȇǂǣ ǶȀƬȈnjǷ ƨLjŨ ƨLjŨ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ơƆƾƷơȁ ǹȂnjŻ .DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾƟƢǠdzơ ƨȈLJƢǬdzơ ƢȀǷƢLjƳƗ ƩƢǟơDŽǧ Dzƥ ơƆǂnjƥ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƨǴȈǬƯ ǶēơȂǘƻ ƨȈǠȈƦǗ .ǺƸǴdzơ ƧŚƫȁ ƤLjƷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǹȂnjŻ ǶĔƛ .ǵƢǜǠdzơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǼǐǷ ǦǬƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƧŚƦǰdzơ ƨƷƢLjdzơ Ŀ ŅƢưǷ ǵƢǜǻ Ŀ ƢǼǴưǷ ǶǿǁȂǷƗ ǹȂƦƫǂȇ Ƕǿ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǹȂǐƸǨȇ ȃǂƻƗȁ ƧǂǷ ǹȁƾǠȇ ƨǟƢLJ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ DZȐƻ .ƾĈ Ǡdzơ ƗƾƦȇ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ ơƆǂȇǂǬƫ ǵƾǬȇ ƨǘǘű džƥȐǷ ǞǷ ǎƼNj ńƛ ǹȂȀƳȂƬȇ ǶȀǴǯȁ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ .Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǯ ƢƆȈdzƢƬǫ ơƆƽƢƬǟ ǹȂǴǸŹ Ǻȇǀdzơ .Džƛ .Džƛơ ƽȂǼƳ ƨǟȂǸĐ DžƾǬŭơ ƤȈǴǐdzơ ǀǬǼĄȇ ȏ ƢǼǿ 2 ȂȈǯǂLJ ǽƢȈǷ Ŀ ơȂƸƦLJ ƢǸǯ ƢǼǿ ơȂƸƦLjȇ Ń (ȅŚǤȈdzƗ Ŗǻơƽ) 31
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǞǸąLjȇĄ .ƩƢǗȐLjǷȁ DzȇƽƢǼǬƥ ơƆƾȈƳ ƔƢǔǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǸǴǜdzơ ƪƐǴƷ ƾǬdz .ȄǓȂǨdzơ ƽȂLjƫȁ ƩƢǿƢšȏơ Dzǯ Ŀ ǩǂǨdzơ ǩǂǨƬƫ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ "Absperre":ƹơǂǏ ƢǻƗ .ǙȂƸǴǷ ƾȀŝ ǶȀǴƳǁƗ ǹȁǂƳǂŸ ǶȀǴǯ ƨǜǨdzơ ƨǟơDŽǨdzƢǯ ȆnjŻ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǹȉơ .ǾǷơDŽŞ ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƧŚƦǯ ƶȈǨǏ ƨƦǴǟ ƾƷơȁ Dzǰdz ǹƗ ǚƷȏƗ ňƢLjǻƛ ƩȂǏ Ǻǟ ǪȇƾǏ ǾƳȁ Ǻǟ NJƬǨǻ ǺȇŚưǯ DžƢǻƘƥ ǹȂǗƢŰ ƽƾŪơ ǺŴ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǖƟƢƷ ńƛ ǺȇƾǼƬLjǷ ǹƢLjǴŸ ǹƢƥƢNj .ƢǻƾNjǂȇ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ ǁƢƷ ǹƢƻȂǨǼǷ ƢŷƢȀƳȁȁ ƢǸȀȇƾȇƗ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨLJƽƢLjdzơ ƢǼƥơ ƆơƾƳ ǹƢƥƢNj ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ DZƘLjȇ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǶȀǨdzơ Ŀ ƶųƗ Ń .ƨǴƠLJƗ Ƨƾǟ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ DZƘLjȇȁ ǂƻȉơ ȅƽƢǼȇ ƢŷƾƷƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ŖǤdz Ǻǰdzȁ ƧŚưǯ ƨǴƠLJƗ ƪǻƢǯ ȅƾǼǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƪ Ą ƦƳƗ– Italien.ƢǼƠƳ ǺȇƗ ǺǷ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǨȈǠǓ ƪǻƢǯ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ .ňȂdzȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ǶǠǻ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƪǻƗ ƪǫȂdzơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ .ǞƥƢǏƗ ƭȐƯ ƢƆǠǧơǁ ƤȈŸ ƩơȂǼLJ ƭȐƯ ǺǷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀȀǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƢƆǟDŽǟDŽǷ ǂǰǧƗ Dzƻƽ ƢǷƾǼǟ ơƆƾdzȁ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦȇ DzǸǠƫ ơƿƢǷ ǹƗ DZȁƢŹ (ǁƢǻ ƾȇƾƷ) Eisen, Feuer .ǶȀǧƗ ȏ (ƽơƾƷ) Schlosser.ƽơƾƷ Ȃǿ ǹƿƛ .ǹơƾǼLjdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨǫǂǘŭƢƥ ƣǂǔȇ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ Ǿȇƾȇ ǭǂŹȁ ǂLjǨȇ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǾLJƗǁ ǭǂŹ Ȃǿȁ .ǾǤǴƥƗ (ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ƢǻƗ) Ich Chemiker.ƾȈǠƦdzơ DzƦǬƬLjŭƢƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ơǀǿ Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ (ƾȈƳ ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ) Chemiker gut !NJǘǠdzơ řǴƬǬȇ ƢƆȈdzƢƷȁ
32
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨȇƾƳ ǾƳȁ ƶǷȐŠ Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇ .Ǿdz DZȂǫƗ -ƔƢǷ ƢǻƾǼǟ džȈdz ǺŴ ƔƢŭơ ƣǂnjǻ ǹƗ .ƢȀǸȀǧƗ ȏ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǦȈǔȇȁ "DzȈǷǃ Ƣȇ ƔƢŭơ ƣǂnjƫ ȏ" :ƾȈǯƘƬƥ DZȂǬȇȁ ƨǷǁƢǏ ơƿƢŭ ?Warum ǹƗ DZȁƢŹ "ƹȂǨǼǷ" ǶȀǧƗ Ń .ȆLJƗǁ DŽǿƗ ƢǻƗ .ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƤȈŸ Geschwollen .ƹȂǨǼǷ ǹȂdzƢƥ ƨdzƢƷ ǾȇƾȈƥ ǶLJǂȇȁ ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ Ǿȇƾȇ Ǟǔȇ .ǾȈƬǼƳȁ ƺǨǼȇ .ƢƆȈǧǂƷ ǶƳǂƫƗ ƢǻƗ "ƔƢLjǷ ǵȂȈdzơ ŕƷ ǂǜƬǻơ " Warten bis heute abend ǺȇƗ" :DZƘLJ .Ȇũơ ƢǷ Ǿdz ƪǴǫ ."ƪǻơȁ" .Ņ DZƢǫ ."ǾŻȂǴNj ƢǻƗ" .ƢǼǧǁƢǠƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ƶǓȁƗ ƢǻƗ "ǶǠǻ" ."ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ ƽȂȀȇ" ǺƴȀƬLjȇ ǾŻȂǴNj .ƪƦƳƗ ."ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ" ."ǮǷƗ .ǶȀǧȁ ."ƣȁǂŮơ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ǶȀǧǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƨƠƦƬű" .ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǤǴƥ .ȆǫƢǼş ǮLjŻ ǦLJȋơ .ƨŭƢǰŭơ ƪȀƬǻơ .ƨǫǂƥ řǬǻƢǟȁ řǷ ƣǂƬǫơ ǵƢǫ ǾŻȂǴNj śǏǂdzơ ǾƳȂdzơ džǻƗ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ .ǾŻȂǴNj ǂưǯƗ ǁƗ Ń .ƤǴǬdzơ ƤȈǗ ǾȈǴǟ ǦLJȋơ .ƩȂŭơ ƨǧƢƷ ȄǴǟ řǴƦǬƬLJơ ȅǀdzơ ƣƢnjǴdz ǪȈǫǂdzơȁ ŘƦǷ Ǻǟ Ƨǂǰǧ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƪƸƦǏƗ .ǽƢǼǸǴǠƫ Śưǰdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢȀǸǴǠƬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ƧŚưǯ ǁȂǷƗ ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ Ŀ .ǭȐLJȋơ ǺǷ Ǻȇǁơƾŝ ǕƢŰ .ǞǴǓ Dzǰdz ǂƬǷ ƨƟƢǸƬLJ ǺǷ ǞƥǂǷ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ "ƩƢǯȂǴƥ" ƢȀũơ ƤnjŬơ ǺǷ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǹȂƬLJ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ DZƢǟ ǂƫȂƬƥ ƔƢƥǂȀǯ ǭƢǼǿ œȇǂš ǝȁǂnjǷ .ƺƦǘŭơ ňƢƦǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǦǬƫ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ .ƔƢǼƦdzơ ǁȂǗ Ŀ Ƨǂnjǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƾƷơȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơȁ ƩƢǷƢǸƸǴdz ǦƟơǂǏ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƨǏƢƻ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ ƨǟȂǸů ǾȈǧ DzǸǠƫ ƢȀǼǷ ƨȈǻƢť Ŀ .ƨǏƢƻ ǵƢLjǫƗ ǞǓȂǸƬƫ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ Ƨƾǟ Ŀ .ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƨȈǻƢť ȁƗ ƨƬLJ Dzǰdz DZơ ƨǠƥǁƗȁ ǹȁǂnjǟ Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƦdzơ .ƩƢȈǨnjƬLjǷȁ ƩơƽƢȈǟ ǭƢǼǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǩǂNj ȄǐǫƗ Ŀ ȅƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǾȈdzƛ Dzƻƾȇ Ń ȅǀdzơ 7 Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƥ .ƣǂŪơ ȄǓǂŭ ƾǠǷ Krätzeblock ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ Ǻȇǀdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ ƨȈǗơǂǬƬLJǁƗ ȅƗ Prominenz DZ ǎǐű ǎƼNj Reichsdeutsche-DZơ ǾȈǧ ǺǰLjȇ ȅǀdzơ ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨǠƦLJ ǭȂǴƥ .ƨȈdzƢǟ ƩƢǸȀǷ DžȂǧƢǰǴdz-ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨǠLjƫ ǭȂǴƥ (ǹȂȈLJƢȈLJ ȁƗ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ ȃǂLJƗ Ǿȇǁƕ DZȂǏƗ ǺǷ ǹƢŭƗ) ǾǴƬŢ ǾǨǐǻȁ DžȂǧƢǰdzơȁ Reichsdeutsche -DZơ ǾǴƬŹ ǂnjǟ ƢǼƯơ ǭȂǴƥ .ǖǬǧ 33
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨǠƦLJ ǭȂǴƥ .ƨȈǧƢǓƛ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ŚȀǘƬdzơ ǩȂƸLjǷȁ ǢƦƬdzơ ǶLjǫ ƢȀȈǧ Ŗdzơ ƢǼȈƬǻƢǰdzơ .DzǸǠdzơ ǹȁƚnjdz ƤƬǰǷȁ ȅǂǰLjǠdzơ ǂȇƾŭơ ƤƬǰǷ:ƤƫƢǰŭơ ƾƳȂǼƫ ǾȈǧ ȅǀdzơ ǹȂƯȐƯȁ ơǀǿ ǹȋ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƨǬǴǤǷ ǾǰȈƥƢƦNj ȅǀdzơ ǹȁǂnjǟȁ ƨǠLjƫ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ơƆŚƻƗȁ Ȃǿȁ .ƩƢȈǻȂdzȂƥ ƩƢƥƢNj ǾȈǧ DzǸǠƫȁ ǶȈƼŭơ ǁȂƻƢǷ– ƔƢLjǼdzơ ǭȂǴƥ Frauenblock ńƛ ƨǸLjǬǷ śȇƽƢǠdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ ǺǰLjdz ƩƢǯȂǴƦdzơ Reichsdeutsche DZ ǎǐű .ǾǫƢǧǁȁ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ džȈƟǁ ǺǰLjȇ ƮȈƷ ƨƷƢƦdzơ -Tagesraum ƢǿƾƷƗ Ŀ śǸLjǫ ƩƢȈƳƢƷȄǓȂǧ Ŀ ƧǁȂnjǼǷ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀȁ ƾǟƢǬǷ ȆLJơǂǯ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƨdzȁƢǗ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨȈǟƢǼǘǏơ ǁƢǿǃƗ ǵȂLJǁ ƩȐůȁ ǦƸǏ ƩƢǏƢǐǫȁ ǁȂǏȁ ƨƻǁƢǏ ǹơȂdzƘƥ ƨƦȇǂǣ Ŀ .ƨǧƢǜǼdzơȁ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ƾƴŤ ǂǠNj ƩƢȈƥƗȁ DZƢưǷƗȁ ƩơǁƢǠNj ǹơǁƾŪơ ȄǴǟȁ – Blockfrisör ǂǠnjdzơ ǎǫ ƧĈƾǟĉ ƢȀȈǧȁ ƱƢƳDŽdzơ ǺǷ ƨǻơDŽƻ ǭƢǼǿ ƢȇơȁDŽdzơ ȃƾƷƛ ƨȈǻƢưdzơȁ ƢƆȈǴƻơƽ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ǕƢǘŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢƫƢǐǟ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǁȁƾǫ -ǭȂǴƦdzơ ǩƐȐƷ ňƢưdzơ ǶLjǬdzơ Ŀ .ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ǹȐǸǠƬLjƫ Ƣŷȁ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƢǸǯ ƧŚƦǯ ƨǧƢưǰdzơ .ǪƥơȂǗ ƨƯȐƯ Ŀ ƢƆǼȈƴLJ ǹȂǠƥǁƗȁ ƨȈǻƢťȁ ƨƠǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ȃǂLJȋơ ƾƳȂȇ ƾƳȂƫ ǮƟơǁȋơ śƥ .ƨǧƢưǰƥ ƨǴǤƬLjǷ ƶǘLjdzơ ŕƷȁ ǖƟƢūơ ƨǬǘǼǷ Dzǯ .DzƸǼdzơ ƨȈǴƻ Ŀ ƨǨȇǂǏ Dzǯ Ŀ ǹȂLjŨȁ ǹƢƬƠǷ ǹƢƬƠǷ .ƔƢǘLjƦdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ NJȈǠȇ ƢǼǿ .ƩơǂŲ ƭȐƯ ǪȈǫƽ NJǫ ǁȂưǼǷ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟȁ ƤnjŬơ ǺǷ ƨȈǼƦǷ ƨǰȇǁȋơ .ƨǰȇǁƗ Dzǯ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯơ .ǹƢƬȈǻƢǘƥȁ ƨǣǁƢǨdzơ ǂǸŭơ ƨƷƢLjǷ .ƢƆǠǷ ǹƢǼƯơ ǂŻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǾǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ƨǬȈǓ ƩơǂǸŭơ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ǾȈǧ ƢƆǠǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ơȂLjȈdz ǾLjǨǻ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ǹƢǰLJ ǹƗ ƨƳǁƽ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ ƨǬȈǓ .ǾǻƢǰLJ ǺǷ Ǻǰƫ Ń ơƿƛ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ǞǼǷ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƧǂËLJĉ ȋơ Ŀ ǶȀǨǐǻ ǞƴǘǓơ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǠǸƬŸ ǭƢǼǿ .ǥơǂǗȋơ ƨǠLJơȁ ƽȂǼŪơ Ǧǐdz ƨƷƢLJ ǂǰLjǠŭơ DŽǯǂǷ Ŀ ƨǬǘǼǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƾǠdzơ ƨƷƢLJ DzƥƢǬǷ .ƾǠǴdz ǹȂǨǬȇ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀȁ DzǸǠdzơ DzƟƢǐǧ ƤȈǯǂƬdz .ƨƳƢūơ ƤLjƷ ǵơƾǟȍơ ƧƾǸǟƗ ǹȂǸȈǬȇ ƢȀȈǴǟ Ƣđ ŘƬǠǷ ƣƢnjǟƗ ƔƢǼƴLJ :ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ ńƛ ǹȂǸLjǬǼȇ ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơ ǹƢǰLJ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƨǟǂLjƥ .ǢǼǴƦǿ ǶȀǴǯ .ƨǘǫǂǷ džƥȐǷ ǹȂLjƦǴȇ ǶȀǴǯ .ƽȂȀȈdzơȁ ǹȂȈLJƢȈLJ ƔƢǼƴLJ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ 34
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ǂǔƻƗ ƮǴưǷ ǾƦǻƢŝȁ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ƨƦǫ ȄǴǟ ǖċȈƼ ă ǷĄ Ƕǫǁ śȈƟƢǼƴǴdz .ƔơȂLJ ơȂLjȈdz ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƔơǂǨǐdzơ ƽȁȁơƽ ƨǸų ǶȀƬǷȐǟ ƨȇǂưǯȋơ Ƕǿȁ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǂŧƗ ƮǴưǷ śȈLJƢȈLjǴdz ƆơǁƽƢǻ ǹȁǂĄȇ .ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ Ƕǿ ƧƽƢǟȁ ǺȇŚưǯ ơȂLjȈdz Džƛ .Džȍơ DZƢƳǁ .ƔơǂǸūơȁ Ƕǿȁ ǶǿȁƾǟƢLjǷ .ǹȁƙƢnjȇ ƢǷ ƢǼƥ ǹȂǴǸǠȇȁ ǂǔŬơ ǹȂưǴưŭơ Ƕǿ :ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƽƢȈLJƗ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ .śȇǂƻȋơ śƬǟȂǸĐơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾǼů .DzƟȐǫ ơȂLjȈdz ȏ ǹƗȁ Jawohl : ƤȈų ǹƗ ǾǠƦǗ ƤLjƷ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ Ǯdzǀǯ ǺŴ -ǹȉơ .ǵȂȀǨǷ ǂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƢƆǟƢƦǘǻơ ȆǘǠǻ ǹƗ .ƪǫȁ Dzǯ Ŀ ƆƢǸƟơƽȁ ƨǴƠLJȋơ DZƘLjǻ ǺƸǐdzơ .ƨƥǁȂNj ƨǘǬǻ ŕƷ ǞȈǔƫ ȏ ƮȈŞ ƆƢǷƢŤ ǺƸǐdzơ ǦǜǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .Dzǯȋơ ǺǷ ƨǘǬǻ ȏȁ ǖǬLjƫ ȏ ŕƷ Dzǯȋơ ƾǼǟ ǶǨdzơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǾǰLjŶ ƨƦƳȁ ǾƦnjƫ ȏ ǁƾǬdzơ ǺǷ ȄǴǟȋơ ǶLjǬdzơ ǺǷ ƩǀƻƌƗ ƨƥǁȂNj ƨƦƳȁ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǁƾǬdzơ ǶƴƷ ƤLjƷ ǁƾǬĄǻ ǦȈǯ ƢǼǸǴǠƫȁ .ǾǴǨLJƗ ǺǷ ǀƻƚƫ Ŗdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ .ǾƬȇƢĔ Ŀ ǵƗ ǁȂƥƢǘdzơ DZȁƗ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ Dzǔǧȋơ ǖƥǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ȅƾȇƾƷ ǮǴLjƥ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ȏƆ ƢǸǠƬLJơ ƔȆNj Dzǰdz ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ (ňȂǻƢǫ Śǣ ơǀǿ)džƥȐŭơ ǦǴǻ ǹƗ-ǩǁȂdzƢƥ śǴƳǂdzơ ƤǐǠǻ ǹƗ-ǩǂŬƢƥ Ɣơǀūơ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƽŐdzơ ƨȀƳơȂǷ ȄǴǟ DzǔǧƗ Dzǰnjƥ ƾǟƢLjȇ ǦǘǠŭơ .ƢƆǠƦǗ .ǾƬLJơǂƷ ȄǴǟ ǦǬƫ Ń ƨǜƸǴdz ơƿƛ ǩǂąLjȇĄ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ Dzƥ .ǾƬǫǂLJ ǺǰŲ ǺǷ ƢǼƫƢȈƳƢƷ Dzǯ ńƛ ƾǼƬLjǷ ƢǼLJƗǁ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǵƢǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫȁ śǫơǂLjdzơ ǺǷ ǁǀūơ ƤŸ .ǦǘǠŭơ Dzƻơƽ ǥȂǨǴǷ ƔȆNj Dzǯ Dzǯȋơ ǺƸǏ ŕƷȁ Ɣơǀūơ Ŀ .DzǿǀǷ Dzǰnjƥ ƧƾǬǠŭơ ǶȈƼǸǴdz ƨǷǁƢǐdzơ śǻơȂǬdzơ ǺǷ ơƆŚưǯ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼƸƦǏƗ ƢǼǻƛ ǺǷ ǺȇǂƬǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƣơǂƬǫȏơ ǃȂŸ ȏ .ȄǐŢ ȏȁ ƾǠƫ ȏ ƩƢǟȂǼŲ ǭƢǼǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƨǠƦǬdzơ ǞǷ ȁƗ ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ ƩơǁƢȈǤdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ȁƗ ǦǘǠdzƢƥ ǵȂǼdzơ ǝȂǼŲ ňƾǠŭơ ǮǴLjdzơ ǁơƾƳ – Nur für KaposDZ śǏƢŬơ ǵƢǸūơ ȁƗ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ǵƾƼƬLjƫ ȏ DžƗǂdzơ ȄǴǟ ȏȁ (śȇǁȉơ ǹƢŭȌdz) Nur für Reichsdeutsche ȁƗ (śdzȁƚLjǸǴdz ǖǬǧ) ǃȂŸ ȏȁ .Ƣđ ƵȂǸLjŭơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ ȏƆ ƾƥ ƨǟȂǼǸŭơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀdzơ ǃȂŸ
35
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ŀ ǩǁȂƥ džƥȐŭơ ƤȈǛȂƫ ǝȂǼŲ .ƨǟȂǧǂǷ ƨċƦǬƥ ȁƗ ƵȂƬǨǷ ǦǘǠŠ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ .ǁƉ Ƣǟ ǶLjŪơ ǺǷ ȄǴǟȋơ ǶLjǬdzơȁ ȏƐ ƛ ǵƢǸƸƬLJȏơ ǝȂǼŲ .Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƨƠǧƾƬdzơ DzȈƦLJ ljơǂǨdzơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ƤŸ ƵƢƦǏ Dzǯ .ǪǘǼǷ Ƨǁƿ ƢȀȈǧ džȈdz DžȂǬǘƥ ǺŴ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ƪȇDŽƥ ƶLjŶ ǹƗ ƤŸȁ ƧƽȁƾnjǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦdzơ .ƨǷǁƢǏ ƨǸǜǻƗ ƤLjƷ DzƷȂdzơ džƥȐŭơ Ǻǟ ǒǨǼǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǥǂƒǬǷĄ ƔȆNj Ƣđ ǪǴǟ Ŗdzơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬdzơ ƩƢǼǯƢŭơ ƤŸ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ .(Ɨƾǐdzơȁ ƩȂȇDŽdzơȁ ǹƢǿƾdzơ ǦȈǜǼƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǬǫƾȇ ȏ ơǀǿ DzƥƢǬǷ) džƥƢȈdzơ ǪǴŴ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƪƦLjdzơ Ŀ .DzƳǁȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫȁ DzǸǬdzơ ƽȂƳȁ ǵƾǟ ƨƦǫơǂǷ Ŀ ǁȂƦǠdzơ ƨLjŨ ƢǼƫƢƬȈǯƢƳ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǹȂǐƸǨȇ ƾƷȋơ ǵȂȇ .ƢǼǫăǂƻĉ ƶŏǴǐǻȁ ǖȈŵ ǹƗ .ƢǼǻȂǫƿ ńƛ ƢǼǿ DZȂƸƬƫ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǹȁƾƥ DzǸąǠƫĄ ƧƽƢǟ Ŗdzơ DZƢǸǟȋơ ƩƢƠǷ .ƣȂǴǘŭƢǯ ǁơǁǃƗ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢȀǐǫ ƤŸ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƾȈdzơ ǂǧƢǛƗ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛȁ ƨƦǠǏ DzǯƢnjǷ ƨǘLJơȂƥ ǎǬĄƫ śǴƳǂdzơ ǂǧƢǛƗ) ƢǼǻƢǼLJƗ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ ȏƐ ƛ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ǂǨǷ ȏ ƧƽƢƷ ƨdzƕ ƢǼƫǃȂƷ ńƛ ǾƫƽƢǟȍ ƧȂǬdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ ƤŸ ƢǼǿ ǮLjƥȐǷ ǺǷ ǁǃ ƧƘƴǧ ǖǬLJ ơƿƛ .(ƣƢǬƦǬdzơ ƪǼǯ ơƿƛ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƪǫȁ Dzǯ Ŀ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ Dzǯ ǮǠǷ DzǸŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ .ǾǻƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ƧȂǬƥ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǮȀƳȁ DzLjǤƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ."ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ ȆǔǬƫ" ȁƗ DzLjƬǤƫ ƢƆǘǣƢǓ Ɣơǀūơ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ƢĔȂǫǂLjȇ ǶĔƜǧ ȏƐ ƛȁ-śƬƦǯǂdzơ śƥ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȁƾnjǷ ǮƫƢȈƳƢƷ ǁƢƬţ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ƧŚƦǯ ƨƴǓ DZȐƻ ǮƬǟǂLJ ǺƸƬąǸƫĄ ƢǼǿ .ƢǿŚȈǤƬdz ǥȂǫȂdzơ ǮȈǴǟ ǹƗ ơƆǂƷ ƪLjdz ǾƫǀƻƗ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ Ǯǻȋ Ǯdz ƤLJƢǼŭơ (ƱȁDŽdzơ ȏ) DzǠǼdzơ ƨǟǂLjƥ .ǂƻƖƥ ǾdzƾƦƬLjƫ ƾǫȁ .DZƢǠǼdzƢƥ ƗƾƦȇ ƩȂŭơ ǖȈLjƥ ǂǷƗ Ȃǿ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ Ɣơǀūơ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏȁ ƘnjǼƫ ŚLjdzơ ǺǷ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ƨƾǟ ƾǠƥ .ȆLJƢǬdzơ ƤȇǀǠƬǴdz ƧơƽƘǯ ƢǼƬȇǂưǯȋ DZƢǠǼdzơ ƪǼȈƦƫ ƨǠǘǫ ƢŶƘǯ ŚLjȇ ǹƗ ǂǘǔȇ ƨƥǂǔdzơ ǽǀđ ƤȈǏƌƗ ǺăǷ .Śǘƻ ƭȂǴƫ Ƣǿǂƻƕ ƨŭƚǷ ƵơǂƳ džȈǠƬdzơ NJȈŪơ Ǯdzǀdz ƤȇǂǤdzơ Ȇnjŭơ Ǯdzƿ ŚLjǨƫ ơǀđȁ ) ǾȈǴƳǂdz ƨǗȂƥǂǷ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ Dzǰdz Śƻȋơ Dzǐȇ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .(ƨȈdzƢǨƬƷơ ƧŚLjǷ Ŀ DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ƔƢLjǷ Dzǯ ƽȂǠȇ ȅǀdzơ DzƳǁȋơ ǽȂǬƷȏ ơƿƛ ƣǂĔ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdzȁ ǾȈdzƛ ǾƳăȂƫĄ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơȁ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƹƢǨƬǻȏơ ǪǸǠƫ ƢǸǴǯȁ ǹƢƼǨƬǼƫ ǽȐƳǁ .ǽȁƽǁƢǗ ơƿƛ ƣǂȀȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdzȁ ƺǨƬǼƫ 36
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
ǺǷ ǂǨǷ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ƣƢǬƦǬdzƢƥȁ ƤnjŬƢƥ ǭƢǰƬƷȏơ ƤƦLjƥ . Ńȋơ ƽơƽDŽȇ ơǀǰǿ ǶƸǴdzơ dicke Füsse ƤƦLjƥ ȄǨnjƬLjŭơ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ȄǨnjƬLjŭơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀdzơ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ơǀȀǯ Ǒǂŭ ǾǻƗ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ǺǷ ƮȈƷ ǵơƾǟȍƢƥ ƢƆǸǰƷ ŐƬǠȇ (śǴƳǂdzơ ƹƢǨƬǻơ) .Džƛ .Džƛơ DZƢƳǂdz ǥȁǂǠǷ ơǀǿȁ Ɣơȁƽ ƨǰƦnjƥ ǖƦƫǂǷ ǖǬǧ DZƢĐơ ơǀǿ .DzǸǠdzơ śǻơȂǫ ƶȈǸǴƬdzƢƥ Ȃdzȁ ǂǯǀǻ Ń ǹȉơ ŕƷȁ .ƽƾǠdzơ ƧŚưǯ ƢȇƢǔǫȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢǟȂǼǸŭơȁ śǻơȂǬdzơ ǺǷ ơƆŚƦƻ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǒȇǂǸǯ Ǯƥ ơȂǧǂƬǠȇ ŕƷ .ȄǓǂŭơ ơƾǟ ƢǷ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺŴ DzǸǠǴdz .ǹȁƽȂǠȇ ƔƢLjǷ Dzǯȁ ǹȂƳǂź ƵƢƦǏ Dzǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ǁơǂLJƗ ȄǴǟ ơƆƽƢƬǠǷȁ ƪŢ Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǟ śLjŨȁ ƨƠǷ ŕƷ ƢȀȈǧȁ (DzǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů) DžȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ŖƠǷ ńƛ ǹȂǟǃȂǷ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ DžƢǼdzơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ .ƨƠȇƽǁ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƧƾȈƳ DzǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǭƢǼǿ .ǂǷƕ ƧƽƢȈǫ Ŀ ƢƆǸƟơƽ śǴǷƢǠdzơ ǹȋ ƔƢƬnjdzơ Ŀ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƤǠǏ DzǸǠdzơ .ǢȇǂǨƬdzơȁ DzȈǸƸƬdzơ śƟƢǼƥ ǺȇƽơƾƷ śȈƟƢƥǂȀǯ) śǐƬƼǸǴdz DzǸǟ ƩƢǟȂǸů ƢƆǔȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ .ƱǁƢŬơ ƨǠƥƢƫȁ "ƢǻȂƦdzơ" Ŀ ǶLjǬdz ȁƗ DZȁƚLjŭ ƨǠƥƢƫ ƨǟȂǸů Dzǯȁ (łƗ śȈǰȈǻƢǰȈǷ śǗơĈǂƻ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ơǀǿ .ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƥ ȁƗ ǹƢŭƗ ƧƽƢǟ ƔƢLJƙǂdzơȁ ( Meister ( ƨǫǂǨdzơ džȈƟǂdz ƧǂNjƢƦǷ (ƨƟƢǷ ǞƥǁƗ ȁƗ ƨƟƢťȐƯ)ǹȂȈǼȀŭơ ǹȂǐƬƼŭơ ǀƻƘȇ ȏ DzǸǠdzơ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ŀ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ǶƟƢǫ Ǿƥ ƨǗȂǼǷ -DzǸǠdzơ Ƨǁơǃȁ-ArbeitsdienstDZ ǍƢƻ ǶLjǫ .ƨǏƢƻ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ ȁƗ ơƆǃƢȈƬǷơ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ƨȈǼȀŭơ ƩƢǟȂǸĐơ Ŀ ǶȀůƽȁ ƔƢǼƴLjdzơ śƥ ǺǷ śǐǐƼƬŭơ ǁƢȈƬƻơ ƨǸȀǷ ƤLjƷ ƩơǁơǂǬdzơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ Arbeitsdienst Ŀ .ƢǻȂƦǴdz ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƧǁơƽȍƢƥ ƨǸƟơƽ ƨǴǏ ƩȐȈǔǨƫ ńƛ ƾǼƬLjƫ ŚȇƢǠŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǚƷȐĄȇ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ơƆŚưǯ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƨȈưƦǟ džȈȇƢǬǷ Ŀ ƨȇǀǤƫ ƨǧƢǓƛ ƤLjǯ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǺǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdz .ƽƢLjǨdzơ ǺǷ ƨǨǴƬű DZƢǰNjƗȁ ƨȈǐƼNj .ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƶȇǂǷ DzǸǟ ǀƻƗ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǺǷ Ȃǿ ǂǷȋơ ǂƻƕ ƩƢǟƢLJ ƨƥȂLjŰ ǁƢȀǼdzơ ƩƢǟƢLJ Dzǯ .ƨǼLjdzơ DZȂǐǧ ƤLjƷ ŚǤƬȇ DzǸǠdzơ ƧƾǷ DZȂǗ ƆơǂȀǛ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ŕƷ ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ƨǼǷƢưdzơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ǺǷ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǯdzǀdz .DzǸǟ ƨLJƽƢLjdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟȁ.(ƔƢƬnjdzơ Ŀ)ƨǠƥơǂdzơ ŕƷ ǦǐǼdzơȁ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǺǷȁ Ŀ) ƔƢLjǷ ƨLJƽƢLjdzơ ńƛ ơƆǂȀǛ ƧƾƷơȂdzơ ǺǷȁ ƆơǂȀǛ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ŕƷ ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ǦǐǼdzơȁ 37
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
.DzȈǬưdzơ ƣƢƦǔdzơ ȁƗ ƨǸƬǠdzơ Ŀ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ƢƆǫȐǗƛ ǹȂǻȂǰȇ ȏ ƔƢǼƴLjdzơ .(ǦȈǐdzơ ȁƗ (ơƆŚưǯ ƭƾŹ ơǀǿȁ) ƲǴưdzơ ȁƗ ǂǘŭơ Dzǘǿ ơƿƛ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ DzǸǠdzơ ǂǸƬLjȇ DzƥƢǬŭƢƥ Ŀ ȁƗ ǵȐǜdzơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ǂǷȋơ ƤƦLJ .ƩƢǧǂǰdzơ DZƢƦƳ ǺǷ ƨȇȂǫ ƶȇǁ Ƥē ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƣǂǿ ƨdzȁƢŰ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ƣƢƦǔdzơ ƨǻƢȈǐdzơ DZƢǸǟƗ Ŀ ƢǻȂǴċǤNj ƽƢȈǟȌdz ńȁȋơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀȁ ƽƢƬǠŭƢǯ ƢǼǴǸǟ ǹĊ ƢƯ ƪƦLJ Dzǯ .ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƨƷơǂƬLJȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ DzǸǠǻ ǹƗ ǺǷ ȏƆ ƾƥ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ Ausrücken und Einrücken:ǂƻȉƢǯ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ :ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿ ŕǷ ŕƷȁ ...ƩȂŶ ȁƗ ȄǨnjǻ ǑǂŶȁ DzǯƘǻ ǵƢǼǻȁ DzǸǠǻ .ƽȂǠǻ ǹƗȁ Ʊǂŵ ǹƗ ǺǷ ȂƬǴdz ơȁƔƢƳ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƽƾƴǴdz DŽȈŲ DZơƚLJ Ǿǻƛ :DZơƚLjdzơ ǝƢũ ƾǼǟ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ ȄǷơƾǬdzơ ƢǼǴǤnjƫ ȏ ƾȈǠƦdzơ DzƦǬƬLjŭơ ƨdzƘLjǷȁ śǼLJȁ ǁȂȀNj ǀǼǷ .ǹȂƦȈŸ ȏȁ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ .DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǿơǂdzơ ǞǓȂǴdz ƨȈǴǸǠdzơȁ ƨǴƳƢǠdzơ ƨǴƠLJȋơ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬǷ Ƣǻǂǜǻ Ŀ ŘǠǷ ȅƗ ƢŮ džȈdzȁ ƆơƾƥƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ Dzǿ ƲǴưdzơ ǖǬLjȇ Dzǿ ǵȂȈdzơ ȄǬǴƬǻ ǵƢǠǘdzơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ :ƤȇǂǬdzơ DzƦǬƬLjŭơ ȁƗ .ƩƢǼƷƢnjdzơ ǺǷ ǶƸǨdzơ DZDŽǼǻ ƢǼǻƗ džǸnjdzƢǯ ƨƸǓơȂdzơ ƨǬȈǬūƢƥ ǶŏǴLjĄǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǪǘǼŭơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǫ ƢǼǣƢǷƽ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ǞǫơȂdzơ Ŀ DžƢLJȋơ ʼnƾǟȁ ȆƟơȂnjǟ Ȃǿ śǸţ Dzǯ ǹƗȁ ƢǻŚǐǷ ǞǫȂƬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ǪǘǼŠ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ DžƢǼdzơ DZơƚLJ ƨǷȐǟ ǾȈǴǟ ǾǴǯ ƽȂƳȂdzơ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƢǼǸLjǬǻơ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǧǂǘƬǷ ǦǫơȂǷ ǀƻƗ ǹȂǴǔǨȇ ơǀȀǯ ǞǓȁ Ŀ .ƧƾǟƢƦƬǷ ǺǷ ƢǼȀǧ ǝƢǔǷ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǹƗ ȏƆ ƢƷ ơȂǠǼƬǫơ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ :ǺȇǂǰLjǠǷ ńƛ ǾƬǠȈƦǗ ƤLjƷ Ŀ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ǺȇƾǯƘƬǷ ơȂǻƢǯ ǹȁǂƻƕ .Ƥȇǂǫȁ ƾǯƚǷ Ȃǿ ƩȂŭơȁ ƧƢȈūơ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǹƢŻơ ƢǼƦǴǫ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ .ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ƢŠǁȁ ȂƴǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǂưǯȋơ ƧƢȈūơ ǥȁǂǛ śǟȂǻ ńƛ ǶȈLjǬƬdzơ ǹƗ ǵȂȀǨǷ .ƢǻƔơDŽǟƗ ǪǻƢǠǻȁ ƢǼƫȂȈƥ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ ǥȂLJ-ƔƢȇȂǫƗ ƢǼǯȁ ǀƻƗ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ȏ ǺȇŚưǯ ǹȋ džȈdz ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ơƆƽƢƳ džȈdz śǴƟƢǨƬŭơȁ śǸƟƢnjƬŭơ ǽǀǿ ƨǨȈǠǓ Ƣēǂǯơƿȁ ƢǿŚǰǨƫ Ŀ ƨǷǃƢƷ ƪLjȈdz ƨȇǂưǯȋơ ǹȋ Dzƥ ǞǗƢǫ ǦǫȂǷ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ŚǰǨƫ ƤLjƷ ƢȀǨǫȂǷ ǁǂǬƫȁ śǧǂǘƬŭơ śǨǫȂŭơ Ȑǯ śƥ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƨȇǂưǯȋơ .ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ ǾȈdzƛ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ ȅǀdzơ 38
ǒȈǔūơ Ŀ
DzǿƢšȁ Ƨǂǯơǀdzơ ǺǷ ȆǓƢŭơ ȂŰ ǂưǯƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ .ȄǴǨLjdzơ ǶǼȀƳ Ŀ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿȁ ƾǠƥ ƆƢǷȂȇ ǂnjǟ ƨLjŨ .ƨǟƢLjdzơ ǖǤǔǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǺǨdzơ ơǀǿ ǶǴǠƬǻ .DzƦǬƬLjŭơ ȏ ǁơǂƷȋơ DžƢǼdzơ ǶƟơƽ ǝȂƳ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ DzưǷ ƢƆǠƟƢƳ ƪƸƦǏƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ȆǷȁƾǫ ƔƢǔǟƗ ƔƢŴƗ Dzǯ Ŀ ǶƟơƽ Dzǰnjƥ džǴŸ ŅƢȈǴdzơ Ŀ ƢǼǷȏƗ Dzǯ Ŀ ǂȀǜȇ ǝȂƳ .ǾǻȂǧǂǠȇ ơƿƛ ơǀǿ ǩȂǧȁ .ǩǂąLjƫĄ ȏ Ȇǰdz ļƢȈƳƢƷ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢƷƗ ǦȈǯ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƾǬdz .ƢǼǸLjƳ ǝǂLJƗ řǻƜǧ ƣƢǬǠƥ ƧǂǗƢƼŭơ ǹȁƾƥ ǽǀƻƗ ǺǰǸĄȇ ǁǃ ǖȈȈƼƬdz ƢƆǘȈƻ ȁƗ ƨǬǠǴǷ ƩƾƳȁ ǞǧƽƗ ƢǻƗ ƶǐƫ Ǻdz ƵơǂƳ ȆǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ ƩǂȀǛ ƾǬdz .ƢƆȈǻȂǻƢǫ ȆǰǴǷ ƢĔƗ džƷƗȁ ƢȀǨǘŬ řǘƥ Ņ ƾǠȇ Ń ȆǸLjƳ ƶȇǂdzơ Ŀ Ǧšǁơ ǂǘŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾƳ ƤǠƫƗ DzďŧƗ ƩƢƥǂǠdzơ Ŀ ƹȂǨǼǷȁ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ śƴǠdzơ DzưǷ ǾƳȂdzơ ƨǴȇDŽǿȁ ƧƾǸƴƬǷ ȆǸLjƳ ƔƢǔǟƗ ƹȂǨǼǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƽƢǷǂdzƢǯ ŐǣƗ ǶǿƾǴƳ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ ǂǨǏƗ ǹȂdz ơƿ ƶƦǏƗ ƢǼǷ ǒǠƦdzơ ƾǴƳ ƔƢLjŭơ .ƢǼǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬdzơ Ŀ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾų ǵƢȇƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ȁƗ ƨƯȐƯ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ Ŀ ƔƢLjŭơ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ŀ ƾƷƗ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ȆǬƬǴǻ ǹƗ Ƣǻǁǂǫ ǹƢȈǴǘdzơ ǺŴ ǹƗ ƧǂǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ǦnjƬǰǻ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ǹDŽƄơ ǺǸǧ ƢǼǠǫȂƫ ơƆǁȂǧ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǂƻƕȁ ƔƢǬdz Dzǯ śƥ ǎǫƢǼƬȇ Ƣǻƽƾǟ ǹƢǯ ƧǂǷ Dzǯ ǂƻƕȁ ƔƢǬdz śƦǧ ǎǫƢǼƬȇ Ƣǻƽƾǟ ǮǴƫ ŕƷȁ ǂưǯƘǧ ǂưǯƗ ǂǜǼŭơ ȂLjȈǠƫ ƢǼǻƗȁ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƢǼƫǁȂǏ ǺǷ ƢƆƠȈNj ƢǻƾǬǧ Ŀ ƢǼǻƗ ȆǠȈƦǘdzơ ǺǷ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ƆơƾƳ ƨǬǿąǂǷĄ ƪǻƢǯ ƔƢǬǴdzơ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ƩơȂǘŬơ ƨȇȁƢǿ Ŀ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǩǂǤȇ ǹƗ DzǔǨŭơ ǺǷ ƢǼǠǓȁ Ŀ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǂǰǨǻ ǂǯǀƬǻ ƩơƔƢǬǴdzơ ǮǴƫ .ǹƢȈLjǼdzơ
39
ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ .ǂƻƕ ńƛ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǺǷȁ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ǭȂǴƥ ǺǷ ƆƢƥƢȇƛȁ ƢƆƥƢǿƿ ňȁǂƳǂƳ ǵƢȇƗ Ƨƾǟ Ŗdzơ ǵȂǼdzơ ƨǰȇǁƗ Ŀ .ǹȂƯȐƯ Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ŀ ǶƟơƽ Dzǰnjƥ ǺǰLJƗ ǹƗ ǁǂǬƫ ƆơŚƻƗȁ Ņ ȆǴź ǾǻƜǧ ǽDŽƴǟȁ ǾǨǠǓ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟȁ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ ƢǻƢȇƽ .ƢǻƢȇƽ ǵƢǼȇ Ņ ǹȂǰƬLJ .ƽȂƥ řǴƦǬƬLjȇȁ ǾƦǻƢƳ ńƛ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǺȇǀǴdzơ ǥȂŬơȁ ǂƫȂƬdzơ ƤƦLjƥ řǷ ƣǂȀȇ ȆǷȂǻ ǹƜǧ ƨǬȈǬƸǴdzȁ ǵƢǻơ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪLjdz ...ǶǴǰƫƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗ řǻƜǧ Ǯdzǀdz .ƢǸȀȈǴǟ ƤǴǤƬdzơ ǞǘƬLJƗ Ń ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǬǠǴǷ ǹȁƾƥ Ɔơƾǣ Dzǯȋơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǦȈǯ ǞƟƢƳ ƢǻƗ .ȆǸǧ Ŀ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƨǴƠLJƗ ȏ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ƢǻƢȇƽ DzǸǠǴdz ƢǼǻȂǴLJǂȇ ǺȇƗȁ ƨǬǠǴǷ ȄǴǟ DzǐƷƗ ǺȇƗȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǺǷ ƢǼƬŢȁ ƢǼǫȂǧ Ǻǰdzȁ Ǿƥ ƨǏƢƻ ƨǴƠLJƘƥ ƤȈŸ Ǯdzǀdzȁ řǷ DzǔǧƗ ƨƥȂƳȋơ ǥǂǠȇ ǩȂǼű ƹơǂǏ ƩơȂǏƗ ǞǸąLjƫĄ ƨǸǴǜŭơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ǽƢšơ Dzǯ ǺǷ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷȁ Ƥȇǂǫ .ƤǓƢǣȁ !ƪǸǐdzơ ƪǸǐdzơ Ruhe, Ruhe řǻȋȁ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ƢǻƗ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǵȐǰdzơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫƗ ǹƗ řǷ ǹȂƦǴǘȇ ǶĔƗ ǶȀǧƗ .ƢǼǿ ƧƢȈūơ ƨǠȈƦǘdz ǵƢǿ DžƢLJƗ Ȃǿ ƩƢǤǴdzơ ǕȐƬƻơ .ƽơƽDŽȇ ĿȂƻ ǹƜǧ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ǶȀǧƗ ȏ ƹơǂǐdzƢƥ ǹȁƽƾȀȇȁ ƧƽƢǫ ǶȀǴǯ .DzƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ Ŀ ƔƢLjŭơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐdzơ ǺǷ ǹȁƽȂƳȂǷ ǺŴ ƾǼǟ džȈdz .ơƆǁȂǧ ǶȀǨȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ŚǐǷ ǂĄǷȁ ƔȆLJ .Ǯdzƿ DzƦǫ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢȀǠũƗ Ń ƩƢǤǴƥ ƢǼdz DZȂǬƫ ƢǻǂǟƢnjǷ ƽƾŪơ ǺŴ .ǂƻȉơ DZơȂǫƗ ńƛ ǞǸƬLjȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ŐǐǴdz ƪǫȁ ƾƷƗ ȄǴǟ džƸǼdz ǹơǁƾŪơ ńƛ ǺȇƾǼƬLjǷ ǥơǂĉŬơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸƴǸǯ ƢȇơȁDŽdzơ Ŀ ǞǸƬų ǹƗ .ȅƽƢǷ ƾǼLjŠ Dzǫȋơ řǼǰdzȁ.ơƆǂƫȂƬǷȁ ơƆǂǷ ƢƆǷȂǻ ǵƢǻƗ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ DZȐƻȁ DZơƚLjdzơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƫƗ řǻƜǧ ơǀǰǿȁ .Džơƾȇ ȆǸLjƳ ƨǜū Dzǯ Ŀ .ĺ ǹȂǐƥǂƬȇ řǻȁƽƾȀȇ ƪǫȂdzơ Dzǯ .ƨƷơǂdzơ ƾƳƗ ȏ 40
ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ
Dzƻƾȇ ǾǼǷ ȅǀdzơ ƣƢƦdzơ DzƻƾǷ ƾǼǟ .ǂLjŪơ ȄǴǟ .ǝǁƢnjdzơ Ŀ ǵƢǻƗ řǻƗ Ņ DzȈź .ǶǴƷƗ ŕƷ DžƢLJȋơ ǺǷ ǝDŽǟDŽƬƫ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Dzǯ .řƠƳƢǨƫ ƨǜǬȈdzơ .śȈǷƽȉơ ǺǷ ǁȂȀŦ Ʊǂźȁ ǹȂǔǨǼȇ .ǹȂǼƳ ǶđƢǏƗ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ŅȂƷ ǹȂdzȂƴƬȇ Dzǰdzơ .ƔƢǔƫ ǁơȂǻȋơ .ǹƢǘȈūơ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǹȂLjƦǴȇ ƨȀȇǂǰdzơ ƨƸƟơǂdzơ ȅƿ ǁƢƦǤdzơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈǣ ƢȀǼǷ ǂȇƢǘƬƫ Ŗdzơ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƦdzơ ǵƢǜǠdzơ ǩǂƬź ȅǀdzơ ƽŐdzơ Ŀ Ƨơǂǟ ǥƢǐǻƗ Ƕǿȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ǪƟƢǫƽ džŨ ƾǠƦǧ ơȁǂƻƘƬȇ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǶƟƢȀƦdzơ DzưǷ ǹȂǔǯơǁ Ƕǿȁ ǹȂdzȂƦȇ ǹȁŚưǯ Pain-Lechem-Kenyér -Brot-Broit- – DŽƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƗƾƦȇ ƧŚǤǏȁ ǁƢŪơ ƾȇ Ŀ ƨǫȐǸǟ ȁƾƦƫ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ŗdzơ ƨLJƾǬŭơ ƔơŐǤdzơ ƨǴƬǰdzơ ǽǀǿ Chleb ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǹȁƽȂǠƬȇ ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ Ŀ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƨȈǻȂǼŪơ ƨǐǫǂdzơ .ǭƾȇ Ŀ ƩƢNjƢǬǻ ƩǂƴǨǻơ ƽƾŪơ śǴǬƬǠŭơ ƱơȁǃƗ śƥ .DzǸƬŰ Śǣ ȁƾƦȇ ƾȀnjŭơ ńȁȋơ ljƢǬǼdzơ ƨȇƢĔ .ƾďȈŪơ ǶȀǜū ǶȀǫƢǧǁ ơȁƾLjƷȁ ǶȀƦȈǐǻ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ơȁǂǷǀƫ ǹȁŚưǯ ǶȀǴǯȁ ǶǿȂdzơ Ŀ ǒǠƦdzơ NJȈǠȇ ƢǿƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǨǣǁȋơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ơȂdzƽƢƦƫ ǒǠƦdzơ ǹƗ .śǓơǁ Śǣȁ ǹȂǷȂǴǜǷ ǶĔƗ ǹȂLjŹ Ŀ ȅȁƾƫ Dzǯȋơȁ Dzǯȋơ ǞȇǃȂƫ śƥ Ŗdzơ ƨǴȈǴǬdzơ ƩƢǜƸǴdzơ Ŀ .ƢǻƽȂǬǻ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ǹȂȇƾdzơ ƣƢƸǏȋ śǗƢȈnjdzơ ƨǐǫǁ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ǹƛ .ƱƢȈŮơȁ ǵƢǐŬơ ƩơȂǏƗ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǺŠ ǭƢLjǷȎdz ȆǫƢƦdzơ ƾȈƷȂdzơ ƪǫȂdzơ Ŀ ǹȂȇƾdzơ ƽơƾLjƥ ǹȂƦdzƢǘȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ džǷƗ ńƛ ƨȈǻƢƯ ơȂȀƳȂƬȇ ŕƷ ƱơǂǨǻȏơ ǹȂǴǤƬLjȇ ǹȁŚưǯ ǁȂǷȋơ Ɨƾē ƢǷƾǼǟ .ǹȂȇƽ ƵƢȇǂdzơȁ Dzƻơƾdzơ Ŀ ǦȈǠǓ ƔȂǔdzơ .ǥ Ć ǂǬǴdz ƧŚưǷ DzLJƢǤŭơ .ơƆƾďȈƳ ơȂǴLjƬǤȈdz ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǃȂŸ ȏ ƔƢŭơ .DzƷȂdzơ ǺǷ ƨǰȈũ ƨǬƦǘƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƧǁƢƴūơ ƨȈǨǏǁ .ƩơǂǤưdzơ Őǟ Dzƻƾƫ .ƔƢǷ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁȋ ƩƢȈǨǼūơ Ŀȁ ǹƢȈưǤdzơ ȄǴǟ ƮǠƦƫ ǾƬƸƟơǁ .ǾƥǂNj ǽƾLjƳ ǺǷ ȅȂǴǠdzơ ǶLjǬdzơ "ơƆƾďȈƳ" Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ȃǂǻ ƆȐưǷ .ƨȇȂƥǂƫ ƩƢǷȂLJǂƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ǹơǁƾŪơ Ȃǿȁ "ƔȆLjdzơ" DzƳǂdzơ ǾƦǻƢƳ ńƛȁ ƨȇƽǁȂdzơ ƨǫȂǴƄơ ǾƬǸƴŦ ǹȂƥƢǐdzƢƥ DzLjǤȇ ƉǁƢǟ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁǀǫ džƥȐǷ ǽƾLjƳ ȄǴǟ ƧǂǔŬơ ńƛ DZƢĈȈǷ ǾȀƳȁ ǃǁƢƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ǦǻƗ ƤƷƢǏ :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƾďȈŪơ DzƳǂdzơ ƪŢ .ƔƢŭơ Ŀ ǾǠƦǏƛ ǥǂǗ ǁǀƷ Ŀ ǩǂǤȇ Ȃǿȁ ƨǠƦǫ ǾLJƗǁ So :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƔȆLjdzơ DzƳǂdzơ ƪŢȁ (ǦȈǜǻ ƪǻƗ ơǀǰǿ) So bist du rein 41
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǥȁǂŞ Ǻǰdzȁ ƔƢǘƻƗ ǞǷ -ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥȁ (ǞȈǔƫ ƪǻƗ ơǀǰǿ) gehst du ein .(ƨƸǐdzơ Ȇǿ ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ) la propreté, c'est la santé :ƧǃǁƢƥ ƢȀƦǻƢŝȁ ƔơƽȂLJ Ɣơǂŧ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƨǫȐǸǟ ƨǸǴǰdz ǹƢȈǠǴdz ƧǃǁƢƥ ƨƷȂdz DzƥƢǬŭơ ǁơƾŪơ ȄǴǟ ǂǠnjdzơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ (ƪďȈǷ ƪǻƗȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǴǸǫ) Eine Laus, dein Tod:ƨƥƢƬǯ :ǞƟơǂdzơ Nach dem Abort, vor dem Essen Hände waschen, nicht vergessen3. ƵȁǂǴdz ƧDŽȈǸŭơ ǕȂǘŬơ ȃƾƷƛ ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨƦǛơȂŭƢƥ ǂȇǀƸƬdzơ ƪȇƗǁ ƧŚưǯ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ ƢǼȈƫƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǽƢǼǠũ ȅǀdzơ ǂąLjǰƌ dzơ Ƕǟƾȇ ȅǀdzơ ǵơDŽūơ DZȂƷ ǁơȂƸǴdz ǾȈƦNj Dzǰnjƥ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ DZơȂǫȋơ ǽǀŮ śdzȂȀĐơ śǨdzƚŭơ ǹƗ ƪǸȀǧ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ȆǷȂȈdzơ DZƢLjƬǣȏơ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƨǷƢŮơ ǪƟƢǬūơ ǒǠƥ Ǻǟ ǺȇƾȈǠƥ Śǣ ơȂǻƢǯ ơȁǂǠnjȇ ƾLjŪơ ƨǧƢǜǻ ȄǴǟ ƾǟƢLjȇ ȏ ƹƢLJȁȋơ ǺǷ džǘǤŭơ ǹǂŪơ Ŀȁ ƧǁǀǬdzơ ǽƢȈŭơ Ŀ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ƨǴȈLJȁ Ȃǿȁ ƨȇȂȈūơ Ǻǟ ŚƦǠƬǯ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǵƢǿ DzǸǠdzơ ƽǂů Ǻǰdzȁ.ƨƸǐdzơȁ .Ƶȁǂdzơ ǹƗ ƤŸ řǻƗ džƷƗ ƾǟƗ Ń ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǷƢǫȍơ ǺǷ ǝȂƦLJƗ ƾǠƥ :ǥǂƬǟƗ ǹƗ Ȇċ Ǵǟ Ǻƥơ ȆǬȇƾǏ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj ǞǷ ȆǬƬdzơȁ DzLJƢǤŭơ ƣǂǫ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ DZȂšƗ DzLjƬǣƗ ǦǜǼȇ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ǾȈǨƬǯȁ ǾǬǼǟ ƧȂǬƥ DzLjǤȇȁ ǦǬȇ ƉǁƢǟ ǽƾLjƳ Ǧǐǻ .śLjǸŬơ ȏ ơƿƢŭ ƨǻƢǏǂƥ DZƘLjȇȁ ȆȈŹ ňơǂȇ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj .ǹȂƥƢǏ ǾǠǷ džȈdz ƮȈƷ ƆƢƠȈNj ĺ ƤƴąǠȈĄLJ Dzǿ ǹȏơ džƷƗ ƢŲ DzǔǧƗ džƷƗ Dzǿ DzLjƬǣƗ ǹƗ Ȇċ Ǵǟ ơƿƢŭȁ .DzLjƬǣƗ ǹȋ DzǫƗ NJȈǟƗ ƢŠǁ džǰǠdzƢƥ ƪǴLjƬǣơ ơƿƛ ǂưǯƗ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ NJȈǟƗ Dzǿ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾǠƥ ǾǻƗ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj ǥǂǠȇ ȏƗ .Ƨǁơǂūơȁ ƧȂǬǴdz ƢƆǠȈȈǔƫ ƆơƾȀƳ ƤǴǘƬȇ DZƢLjƬǣȏơ
.Ǯȇƾȇ DzLjǤƫ ǹƗ dž ă Ǽƫ ȏ Dzǯȋơ DzƦǫȁ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ƾǠƥ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 3 42
ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ
ǺǷ Ʃƽǃ ƢǸǴǯ ǾǼȈƥȁ řȈƥ ǩǂǧ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻdz ǶƸǨdzơ DžƢȈǯƗ DZơDŽǻƛ ǺǷ ƨǟƢLJ Ǧǐǻ Ȑƥȁ ǶǠǘdzơ ʼnƾǟ Ȃǿ ƢǼǠǓȁ Ŀ ǾƳȂdzơ DzLjǣ ǹƗ ǂưǯƘǧ ǂưǯƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ ơǀǰǿ ŚǰǨƬdzơ ƩȂŶ .ǺǷDŽdzơ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǨǟ džǬǗ ȄǴǟ ƨLjƟƢƥ ƧƽȂǟ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ƗȂLJƗ ȁƗ ƨȈưƦǟ ƧƽƢǟ ƧƾƟƢǧ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀdzơȁ ƨǜǬȈdzơ śƥ ǪƟƢǫƽ džŨ Ņ ƪȈǬƥ ơƿƛ ƩȂŶ ǥȂLJ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǴǯ řǻƗ ŚǰǨƬǴdzȁ . ƔƢǸLjdzơ Ŀ DzǷƘƬǴdz ŚǰǨƬǴdz DZơDŽǠǻȐdz ǂƻƕ ƢǷ ƔȆnjdz ƢȀLJǂǯƗ ǹƗ ƾȇǁƗ džǸş ǞƬǸƬLJƗ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ǪƟƢǫƽ ƧƾǠdz ȆĈ Ʒ řǻƗ ǂǰǧƗ ǹƗ ǖǬǧ ƧŚƻȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ƢǿơǁƗ ƢŠǁ .DzǸǟ Ȑƥ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǾǠǓȁ ǦǘǠŠ ǾLjǨǻ ǦnjǼȇ DZƢLjƬǣȏơ ȄĔƗ ƾǬdz ĺ ƹǂǐȇ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj Ǻǰdzȁ .Ǿƫơƿ ƾŞ ƢƆǸȀǷ ƢƆLJǁƽ řǸǴǠȇ .ǾLjƦǴȇ ǥȂLJ DzȈǴǫ ƾǠƥȁ .ǾȈǯǁȁ śƥ Ȑ Ɔ Ʀǫ NJȇȁƢnjdzơ ƩƢǸǴǯ .Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ǦLJƘƬǷ ƢǻƗȁ ƨƸǓơȂdzơȁ ƨǘȈLjƦdzơ ǾƫƢǸǴǯ ƪȈLjǻ ƾǬdz ƤȈǴǐdzơ ƨdzȂǘƥ ǵƢLJȁ ȄǴǟ DzǏƢūơ ȅǁƢǤǼŮơ-ȅȁƢLjǸǼdzơ NJȈŪơ ǺǷ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶƳǂƫƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǓƘLJ řǻƗ řǨLJƚȇ .ńȁȋơ ƨȈŭƢǠdzơ ƣǂūơ ǺǷ ȅƾȇƾūơ Ŀ ȅǀdzơ Ǯǰnjŭơ ƨǤdz ŖǤdz ńƛ ƤďȈǗ ȅƾǼƳ ŚǰǨƫ ƨǗƢLjƥȁ ǽƾǼǟ Ŗdzơ ƨǰȈǯǂdzơ ǶȈƼŭơ ǹȋ ƩơǀdzƢƥ .ǹȉơ ńƛȁ ƪǫȂdzơ Ǯdzƿ ǀǼǷ ǾLjǻƗ Ń ǾdzơȂǫƗ ǹȂǸǔǷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȆǴƻơƽ .ǶƟƢđ ńƛ DZȂƸƬǻ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲȁ ǶƟƢđ ńƛ ƢǼdzȂŢ ǹƗ ƢȀǧƾǿ ƆơƾȈƳ ƨǸƸnjǷ ƨǼǯƢǷ Ȃǿ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƘƥ Ƥǣǂǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǀǬǼǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ NJȈǠǻ ŕƷȁ ƾȀnjǻ ŕƷ ǺȇǂƻȊdz ȅȁǂǻ ŕƷ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǩȂǬƷ Ȑƥ ƾȈƦǟ ƢǼǻƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŴ ǹƗ DzǰȈŮơ ǾǴǸǠǼdz ƢǼdz ȆǬƥ ƾƷơȁ ǂǷƗ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƾȈǯƘƬdzƢƥ ƩȂŭƢƥ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǵȂǰŰ .ƢǼƬǻƢǿƛȁ ƢǼȈdzƛ ƧƔƢLJȍơ – ƢǼdz ȆǬƥ ȅǀdzơ Śƻȋơȁ ƾȈƷȂdzơ ǂǷȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹȋ ƢǼƫȂǫ Dzǰƥ ǾǴǸǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǺŴȁ DzLjǤǻ ǹƗ ǹȂǷDŽǴǷ ǺŴ ǮNj ŇƽƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ǶŮƢǸǟƗ ȄǴǟ ǪǧơȂǻ ȏ ǹƗ ƢǼǼǰŻ ƶLjŶ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǦǘǠdzƢƥ ƢǻƽƢLjƳƗ ǦnjǼǻ ǹơȁ ǁǀǫ ƔƢŠ ǹȂƥƢǏ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǼǿȂƳȁ ƢǼǧǂNj ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢƸǼdz Dzƥ ǁȂƬLJƾdzơ ǽǁǂǬȇ ƢǷ ơǀǿ ǹȋ džȈdz ƔơƽȂLjdzơ ƨƸLjǸŭƢƥ ƢǼƬȇǀƷƗ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơ ǂǷơȁȋ ƢƆǟƢȈǐǻơ džȈdz ƧȂǬƥ ƨǟȂǧǂǷ ƨǷƢǬƥ ŚLjǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ƗƾƦǻ ȏ Ȇǰdz ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ȄǬƦǻ Ȇǰdz Dzƥ ȆLJȁŐdzơ 43
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨƦȇǂǣ Ʃƾƥ ǾƫƢǸǴǯ .ƨƦȈǘdzơ Ƨƽơǁȍơ ȁƿ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj Ņ ƢŮƢǫ ǁȂǷȋơ ǽǀǿ ǶȈdzƢǠƫ ȄǴǟ ƢƫƽȂǠƫ ȅƢǻƿƗ .ƢƆȈƟDŽƳ ǖǬǧ ǾǠǷ ǪǧơȁƗ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪǼǯȁ ȆǠǷƢLjǷ Ŀ ƤLjƷ .Ƥdzȋơ DZƢƦŪ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ śǼLjdzơ ƩƢƠǷ ǀǼǷ ǞǸLjƫ ǂưǯƗ ƨǻǂǷȁ ƨǨȈǨƻ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǫȐƻȋơ ƤȈdzƢLJȋơ ǝȐƬƥȏ ƾȀŪơ DZǀƥ Ƶȁǂdzơ ƔȂLJȁ ƔơǂŮơ ǺǷ ǶȈdzƢǠƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǥȁȏ ǺȇƢƬNj ƾǼǟ ƧƾȈŪơ ƢȇơDŽŭơȁ ƨǸǰūơ ȏ .ȃǂƻƗ ǺǯƢǷƗ Ŀ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ƢȀǟǂƬƻơ .řȈǓǂȇ ƢǷ ƢȀȈǧ džȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ Ǿdz ƨƦLJƢǼǷ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǹƗ ƆƢǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǘǓƗ Dzǿ :džŠ ƣƢǏƗ ƽƢǯƗ ơǀǿ ƾǬǠŭơȁ Džǂnjdzơ ŃƢǠdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ ƨǬȈǬū ǶǴLjƬLJƗ ǹƗ Ǿƥ ƣȂǣǂŭơ ǺǷ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ƢȀLJƢLJƗ ȄǴǟ NJȈǟƗȁ ƢǷ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǝǂƬƻơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ƨȇƗ ȅƾǼǟ džȈdz ǾǻƗ
44
Ka-Be ǥǂǟƗ ȏ .ƔƢǷ ļǂǘǫ DzưǷ ƨđƢnjƬǷ ƢĔȋ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾǟ Ȑ Ɔ ȀLJ džȈdz .ǵȂȈƥ ǪƸǴȇ ǵȂȇ ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ǹDŽƼŭơ ńƛ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ƨǘŰ ǺǷ Ƥǿǀǻ ǺŴ Ǻǰdzȁ džǸnjdzơ ƪǫǂNjƗ ƧǂǷ Ƕǯ DząǸū ĉ ơ ǞǷ ǹDŽƼŭơ ńƛ ƆȐȈǴǫ ƤƟơǀdzơ ƲǴưdzơ ȄǴǟ ǂƬǷ ŖƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ȆnjŶ .ơǀǰǿ ƽȂǠǻȁ .ƨǨNj ƪǼƦƥ džƦǼǻ ȏ .śƦǻƢŪơ ȄǴǟ ƧȁƾŲ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ ǹȂǰƫ ƧƽȂǠdzơ Ŀȁ ƢǸưȈƷ .džǸnjdzơ śǟ ȆǘǤƫ Ŗdzơ Ƨǂȇǂnjdzơ ǵȂȈǤdzơ ŅƢǟȋơ Ŀȁ .ƽĊ ƢǠǷ Dzǰdzơ ƢǼdzȂƷ ǺǷ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ǮǷƢǷƗ ƾLjƫ ƨȇȂƬǴǷ ǭȐLJƗ ǑƢƦǬǻȏơ ȄǴǟ ƮǠƦƫ ǂǛƢǼŭơ ǭǂǜǻ ǾƳȂƫ ƢǿǁȂǔŞ ƆơƾďȈƳ džŴ ƢǼǼǰdzȁ .ȆȀƬǼƫ Ȇǿ ǺȇƗ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƆƢǷȂȇ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ń ƤǻƢƳ Dzǯ ƩȏƢǬLjdzơ ȄǴǟ ŃƢǠdzơ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ DzǐǨȇ ȆǸǼȀŪơ ǭȐLJȋơ ǁơƾƳ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ .DžƢǻƗ DžƢǻƗ DžƢǻƗ -ƤƫƢǰŭơ Ŀ ǩǂǘdzơ Ŀ ǶƳƢǼŭơ Ŀ ƔǖƦƥ ƧǂǧƢLjŭơ ƩơǁƢǘǬdzơȁ ƢǷƗ .Ƥǟǂdzơȁ ǥȂŬơ ǶȀǯǂŹ ƾȈƦǠdzơȁ ǶȀLjǨǻȋ ƾȈƦǟ Ƕǿ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƽƢȈLJȋơ .ƽƢȈLJƗȁ ƾȈƦǟ .ǵȂǐƻ ȁƗ Ɣơƾǟơ ǶȀǴǯ .ǶȀǯǂŢ ȏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧȂǫ ƨȇƗ .ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơ ǶȀǯǂƸƬǧ ƧƽƢLjdzơ .ƢƆǸǐƻ ȁƗ ơƆȁƾǟ ǾȈǧ ȃǁƗ ȏ ȆǠǷ ƔƤǠdzơ DzǸŹ ȅǀdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ ȆǬȈǧǁ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬƸǴdz ȏ ƧŚƻȋơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ .Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢť ǂǨǏ .ǂƻƕ ǶLJơ Ǿdz džȈdz .Null Achtzehn Ȃǿ Ǿdz ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǂȇƾƳ ǖǬǧ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǹƗ ǞȈǸƴǴdz ƶǓơȁ .Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǂă Ǩĉ ĄƷ ȅǀdzơ Ƕǫǂdzơ Ŀ Ȃǿ DZƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟȁ Ǿũơ ȆLjǻ ǾǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ .ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ƾǠȇ Ń ǺLjƬƻơ DZȂǻ ƢǼǼȈƥ .ǶLJơ ǹƗ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ DzǰnjƬȇ ǂǜǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƢƆǬƷ ǾȈLjǻ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǥǂǐƬȇ ƾǼǟ ƢǿƢǬǴǻ ǹƗ ǺǰąǸȇĄ Ŗdzơ Ʃơǂnjūơ ǾƦnjȇ ǹƢLjǻƛ Ƨǂnjǫ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧơƽƗ Ȃǿ ǺLjƬƻơ DZȂǻ .ǽƢšơ Dzǰdz ǶȀǯǂŢ ƶȇǂdzơȁ ƧǁƢƴūơ ńƛ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǕȂȈş ƨǘƦƫǂǷ ƩƢǠǬǼƬLjŭơ ǥơǂǗƗ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǹȁƾŸ ǹƢƦnjdzơ ǹȋ ǖǬǧ džȈdz .ǾƟƢǬƥ ȄǴǟ ǂǘƻ ƾƳȂȇ ơǀđ .ơƆƾƳ ƣƢNj Ǿǻƛ ŕƷ ƆƢƥǂů ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǼǿ Ǯǻȋ DžƢLJȋƢƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ǵȂǐdzơȁ ƤǠƬdzơ Ŀ ơȁƾǸǐȇ ǹƗ 45
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǹƢƦNj Ŗdzơ ƨƥǂƴƬdzơ ǽǀǿ Dzǰdzơ ƾǓ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǝơǂǏ Ŀ ǦǬƫ ŕƷȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƾǸǐƫ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƢƆǨȈǠǓ džȈdz ǺLjƬƻơ DZȂǻ .ƢđƢLjƬǯơ Ŀ ǹȂƸƴǼȇ ǖǬǧ DzƟȐǫ ȏ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ Ǿƥ ǖȈŹ ƢǷ Dzǰdz ơƆƾƳ DZƉ ƢƦǷ ȏ Ȃǿ .DzǸǠdzơ Ŀ ǾǰȇǂNj ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ NJȈƬǨƬdzơ DZȁƢŹ ȏ Ȃǿȁ .ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ƤǠǐdzơ DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬȇ ȁƗ ƣǂȀȇ ǾȈdzƛ Ƥǿǀȇ ǮNj ǹȁƾƥ ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ǾǻȂǴLJǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǂǷơȁȋơ Dzǯ ǀǨǼȇ ĿƢǓƛ ǵƢǠǗ .ƧȏƢƦǷȐdzơ džǨǼƥ ǺǷ DzȈǴǫ DzƦǫ ǂŪơ Ǻǟ ǹȂǨǫȂƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ DzǸǠdzơ DZȂȈŬ ǖȈLjƦdzơ ƮąƦŬ ƌ ơ ŕƷ ǽƾǼǟ džȈdz ǽƾǼǟ ȄǬƦƫ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƧȂǫ ǽƾǼǟ ƪǷơƽ ƢǷ Ǟǧƾȇ DzďǸƸ ă ȇĄ ǂŸ Ǿǻƛ DzǷƢnjdzơ ǶȀǨǠǓ śƬǔǸǤŭơ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ȏ ŕƷȁ ǁơǀǻȍơ ƾȀǼƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǞǬȇȁ ƧƘƴǧ ǁƢȀǼȇ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ƧȂǫ ǂš Ŗdzơ ǹƾǼdz ǭƢƳ ƤƬǯ Ŀ ǂš Ŗdzơ ƣȐǰdzƢƥ ňǂǯǀȇ ơǀǿ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ńƛ śƬǬǴǬŭơȁ .ǹȂƫȂŻȁ ǹȂǘǬLjȇ ƨǟǂLjƥȁ ǶēƢȈƷ ǺǷ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ŕƷ ƨƥǂǠdzơ DzǫƗ DzǸǠȇ ǹƗ DZȁƢŹ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǹȋ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ DzǸǠȇ ǺLjƬƻơ DZȂǻ Ǯdzǀdz ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ Ǯdzǀdzȁ Śǘƻ ǮȇǂNj Ȃǿȁ ƆƢǫƢNj Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ DzǸǠȇ Ȃǿ .ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ƢǼǻƜǧ DzȇDŽǿȁ ǺȇƾȈdzơ ǦȈǠǓ řǻȋ ȆǠǷ DzǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ǹƗ ƤƦLjƥȁ .ǾǠǷ DzǸǠȇ .śǬȈǧǁ ƆƢǠǷ ƧƽƢǟ ƢǼLjǨǻƗ ƾų ƧǁƢǨǏ ǪǴǘȇ ǁƢǘǬdzơ .ƤǠƫ Ŀ ƢǼǴƳǁƗ ǂų ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǺǷ ǹȁƾƟƢǟ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǻĄǂȀą Ǜ .ǂǜƬǼǻȁ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǦǫȂƬdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢȈǓơǁ ƢǻƗȁ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǻ .ǦǫȂƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƢǻŐŸȁ .ȃǂƻȋơ Ɣơǁȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƔǖƦƥ ǂŤ Ŗdzơ ƩơǂǗƢǬdzơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ƨȈdzƢƥ ƢǼLjƥȐǷȁ ǺƉ ƸǼǷ ǁƢǘǬdzơ) …Deutsche Reichsbahn, Deutsche Reichsbahn ǶƬȇ Ń ȅǀdzơ DzƴǼŭơȁ ƨǫǂǘŭơ ǁƢǠNj ƢǸȀȈǴǟȁ ǹƢƬȈLJȁǁ ǹƢƫǂǗƢǫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ (ňƢŭȋơ Cavalli 8. ǽƾǠƥȁ Deutsche Reichsbahn ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ .ǽȂŰ
ƔƢƦƬƻȏơ ǾȈdzƛ ƽȂǠǐdzơ ...4ŅƢǘȇơǁƢǘǫ : Uomini 40. Tara. Portata
.DząǸū Ɗ ơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ǹǃȂdzơ ƆȐƳǁ 40 DZȂȈƻ 8 :ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ 4 46
Ka-Be
ƨǠƬŠ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơȁ ƨǯǂƷ Ȑƥ ƪǸǐƥ DžȂǴŪơ ƨǸǴǜǷ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǶƸǨdzơ DžƢȈǯƗ ƪŢ řǻƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ .ƨǰLjdzơ ǕȂǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƱǂƷƾƬƫ Ȇǿȁ ƩȐƴǠdzơ ƩȂǏ ńƛ ȃȂǐǫ ńƛ ǪnjǼƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ǦǫȂƬȇ ƧƘƴǧ .ƤǠƬdzơȁ ǝȂŪơ ȄLjǻƗ ǺƸǴdzơ ơǀǿ ǝƢǸLjƥ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƱǂƻƗ .ƨǧƢŪơ ƣƢnjǟȋơ ƨƸƟơǁ Dzǐƫ ȆǨǻƗ ńƛȁ ƔĿơƾdzơ ƔơȂŮơ ȆǴƻơƽ Dzƻơƽ ȆȀƳȁ ƤƬǰdzơ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƆƢǷƢŤ ƣơǂƬdzơ DzďƦǫƗȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǞǫƗȁ džǸnjǴdz Ȇǿ ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƢŮ ǎǫƗ ƢǻƗȁ "ƪǻƗ ǺăǷ" :ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ DZƘLjĊƫȁ ƧƗǂǷƛ œǻƢŝ ǂŤ ƤnjǠdzơ ƢȀȇǁƗ ǹƗ ńƛ DZȂǫƗ ƢǷ ǩƾǐƫ ȏȁ ǵȂǼǴdz ơƆǂȇǂLJ ȆǴǟ ƵǂƬǬƫȁ ƆƢǷƢǠǗ řȈǘǠƫ ǶȀǨƫ .řǫƾǐƫ ƢǿƾǼǟ ǖǬǧȁ.Ȇǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂdzơ ƢǼǴƥƢǬǷ ƧǁƢƬLjdzơ ǞǧǂĄƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƵǂLjŭơ Ŀ ƢǸǯȁ .ǂŤ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǴǧƢūơ .ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ... ƔȐǷDŽdzơȁ ƱƢƥǂǯ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ "ȂǧƢǰdzơ"ƢȀǫȂǧ ǦǬȇ ƾȇƾūơ ƧƾǸǟƗ ǺǷ ƨǷȂǯ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ǹDŽūơȁ ǦLJȋƢƥ ƨƳȁDŽŲ .ƨǜǬȇ .śŭƢƸǴdz DzȇȂdzơ .ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ǹȂnjǸƬȇ ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ǹȂǟǃȂŭơ .ƨǜǬȈdzƢƥ ǶǴŴ ǺŴ ǖǬǧ ƧƾǟƢƦƬǷ ǹƢȈƷƗ Ŀ ǚūơ ǺLjū .ǾdzƢǸƬƷơ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ ȅǀdzơ .ǖǬǧ ƨƦǠƬǷ ǶƟƢđ ǺŴ ƢǼǻȋ ƧŚǐǫ ǵȐƷƗ ǹƢǠǧǂȇ ƢȈLjƬȈdzƢǣ ǺǷ DzƳǂdzơȁ ƢnjȈǷ .ƾȇƾūơ ǹDŽű ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǺŴ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ȆǫƢƥ ǺǷ DzǫƗ ƤǠƬǷ ƢǸȀǴǸǟ .ƢǼǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ƧȂLjǫ Ŀ ƢĔƢǠǔȇȁ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ƨǓǁƢǠdzơ ơǀǿ ƨǴǏơȂǷ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ƢǸĔȂǘǠȇ ŕƷ ƢƆǗƢnjǻ ǹƢȇƾƦȇ śǼƯȏơ ƢǸĔƜǧ Ǯdzǀdz DZƢǸǟȋơ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǺǷ Ŗdzơ DzǸǠdzơ ƧŚƫȁ ǹȁǁǂǬȇ ǹȂƻǂǐȇ ǹȂǜǫȂȇ śƠȈǘƦdzơ ǹȂưŹ DzǸǠdzơ ơǀȀǯ ƢƆǧǂǐƫ ǹƗ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƧŚǐǫ ƧƾǷ ǀǼǷ řǻƗ ǞǷ ȆǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǁȂưȇ œǔǣ .Ƣđ ǵƢȈǬdzơ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ơǀǿȁ ƔƢǨǠǔdzơ ǹȁƾȀǘǔȇ ƧƾƟơDŽdzơ ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗ ƢǼǿ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ǂċȈǤȇ .ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz ȆǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ŘƦŭơ Dzǯ ǵȂǬȇ ǾȈǴǟ ȅǀdzơ DžƢLJȋơ Ȃǿ "ňƢLjǻȍơ" Dzǯ ǞǷ Ǯdzǀdz .ƧŚǐǫ Ǻǰdzȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨǴȈǬƯ ƨƸȈǨǐdzơ .ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ ǵƾǬƫƗ ƢǻƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Ǿǻƛ .ȆǴƳǁ śƥ ǹƢǗǁȂƬƫ ǺLjƬƻơ DZȂǻ ȆǷƾǫ ǹƗ ȆƟơǁȁ ǺǷ džƷƗ ƢǻƗ ƧȂǘƻȁ ƧȂǘƻ .ŖȈnjŭ ǾƬȈnjǷ ǦďȈǰĄȇ ǹƗ ƧǂŭƢƥ DZȁƢŹ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȁƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ džȈdz ǖƻ DzƥƢǯ Ǻǟ DŽǨǬdzơ ƤŸ ǭƢǼǿ .ƾȇƾūơ ƨǰLJ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ .ƧȂǘƻ ǹȁǂnjǟ ńƛ DzȈŻȁ ƢǼȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ƢƆǟȂǓȂǷ džȈdz ǖŬơ ǹȋ ǖƦƼǴƫ ƢǷ ƔȆNj .ƽȁƾnjǷ 47
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ǻǟ DZDŽǼǻ ǹơ ǁƾǬǻ ƩơȂǘƻ ƨǠǔƥ ƾǠƥ .ǹDŽƼŭơ ƨƥơȂƥ .śƬLJ ȁƗ ƧȂǘƻ śLjŨ ǕȂǬLjdzơ ƾȈdzơ ȄǴǟ ǾǴǯÅ ƢƦȇǂǬƫ ǪdzDŽǻơ ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂdz ǹȋ ǵƾǬƬdzơ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȄǨǯ .DząǸū ĉ ơ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ ƹǂǏƗ ƢǻƗ .ƤǠƬdzơȁ Ńȋơ ǂưǯƗ DzǸŢƗ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪLjdz .ơƆƾƳ ǖǤǔȇ Ȃǿȁ .ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂdz ǖǬąLjȇĄ Ȃǿȁ Dznjǧ ƾǫ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǻ ȃǁƘǧ ǁȁƽƗ ȄǴǟ řǰdzȁ .ƢƆÅƦǻƢƳ DŽǨǬdzơ ǞȈǘƬLJƗ ƪǼǯ ƾȈǯƘƬdzƢƥ ƧǂǷ ƪǼǯ ƢǸǯ ƆƢǻǂǷ ƪǼǯ Ȃdz ƨƥȂƦȈǣ Ŀ ƢǻƗ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ƧǂƫȂƬǷ śȇơǂnjdzơ Dzǯ .Ʃǁǂǔƫ Ŗdzơ ȆǴƳǁ ȅƾȈƥ ǮLjǷƗ Ǒǁȋơ .ȃǂLjȈdzơ ȆǴƳǁ ǺǷ ȆǨǴŬơ ƤǻƢŪơ ƣƢǏƗ ƾȇƾūơ ƵȂdz ǥǂǗ .Ńȋơ ǺǷ ƢǷ ȃǁƗ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ƨƻȁƾdzơȁ ǝƢƳȁȋơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴdz ƢƆȈƥƢƦǓ ƶƦǐȇ ȆȈǟȁ ƪǷƢǏ ǾȈƦȈƳ Ŀ ǽơƾȇ ǭơǂƷ Ȑƥ ƢƆǨǫơȁ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǼƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ȅǂǜǻ ǹƜǧ ŅȂƷ ƭƾŹ ƢŷƾƷƗ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ ǹƢǷƾǬƬȇ ƢȈLjƬȈǴǣ ǺǷ ȅǀdzơ ǎƼnjdzơȁ ƢnjȈǷ .ǶǰƥƗ ŚƦǠƬƥ Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇȁ ƾȈǧơƽȁ ǂǴƦŤ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƣǂƬǬȇ .ƢȀǸȀǧƗ ȏ ƶƟƢǐǻ ƢǸȀǼǷ Dzǯ Ƕǧ Ŀȁ ljƾȇȏƢƥ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ Ǟǧǂȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ƣǂƬǬȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ .DzǸǠdzơ ơȂǨǫȂȇ ŕƷ DZȂǿǀdzơ ǹȂǴǤƬLjȇ .Ǻȇǂƻȉơ Dzǯȁ DzưǷ ǹȂǫǂǨƬȇ ǽƢšơ Dzǯ ńƛ ǹȂǫǂǨƬȇ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ .ǶƬnjȇ ǽƢšơ Dzǯ Ŀ ƣǂǔȇ ƱƢƥǂǰdzơ ǺǷ Dzǿơƿ Ȃǿȁ ƢȀŹDŽȇ ǾǨǻƗ ńƛ ǽƾȇ ƔǖƦƥ Ǟǧǂȇ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǻ .ƶȇǂdzơ Ŀ ǂưǠƦƬƫ ǩơǁȁƗ ƢǸĔȋ śƬǠƳȂǷ ƢƬLjȈdz DžƗǂdzơ ȄǴǟ śƬƥǂǓ ǖǬǧ ȄǬǴƫƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢȀȈǴǟ Ŗdzơ ǵƾdzơ ǞǬƥ .DžơȂūơ ǹƢǨǨţ .ơƆƾƳ ƢƆǸȈǬƬLjǷ ǥȂǫȂdzơ ǞȈǘƬLJƗ řǻȋ .ƨǸƒǜǟ ƨȇƗ ǂLjǰǼƫ Ń ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ȆȀƬǼƫ ƨƯƽƢūơ ƺǨƬǼƫ DząƳǂƎ dzơ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ řǻȋ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ńȋơ ƾƬnjȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ƢƆǧȂƻ DzǠǼdzơ ǞǴƻƗ ǹƗ ƙǂƳƗ ȏ Ɣơǀūơ DzǠƬǻƗ ǹƗ ǁƾǫƗ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ńƛ Ƥǿǀȇ Ȃǿȁ ƶƟƢǨǐdzơ ƨǷȂǯ ƣǂǫ ƢȈLjƬȈǴȈǣ ǺǷ DzƳǂdzơ DzȇƾƦƬdz řǴLJǂȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ȃǂǻ ƢǼǻȋ DzǸǠdzơ ȆȀǼǻ Śǐǫ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ .ƾǬūƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ Ʃơǂǜǻ Ņ Ɛ ƛ ǾƳȂȇȁ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǻ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ǺȇƾƟƢǟ DŽȈǴųȍơ ȃǂLJȋơ Ŀ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾƳƗ Ǻǰdzȁ śǴƳǂdzơ ƨǨş ǂǿƢǜƬǴdz ȅƾȀƳ Dzǯ DZǀƥƗ ƧƽȂǠdzơ ƧŚLjǷ Ŀ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ŐǠǻ ǹƗ ńƛ ňơƾǟƢLjȇ ǹƗ ǁƾǼȈǧȁ ǺLjƬƻƛ DZȂǻ ǂǷƘȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ .ŚLjdzơ 48
Ka-Be
ȄǴǟ ȄǬǴǷ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƢǻƗ (ǑơǂǠƬLJȐdz ƽȂǼƴǴdz ǦǏ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdz ǵȂȈdzơ ȆǜƷ ǺLjū) .ƢƆƷƢƫǂǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ džǨǼƫƗȁ ȅǂȇǂLJ ƢȀǠǷȁ řŦƢē ƨȈǻƢƯ ǝƢƳȁȋơ ƤǠƬŭơ ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ ƤƦLjƥ ƢŠǁȁ ǂūơ ƤƦLjƥ ƢŠǁ ƾǸƴƬŭơ ǵƾdzƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ Ȇǿ ȆƟơǀƷ ǞǴƻƗ .ƨƷȁǂĐơ ȆǴƳǁ Ŀ ƨƥȂǗǂdzƢƥ Ƥȇǂǣ DžƢLjƷƛ ȆǴƳǁ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ Ƣđ ȃǂLjȈdzơ ȆǴƳǁ ƪǘƥǁȁ ǂȀNj DzƦǫ ƢēƾƳȁ Ŗdzơ ƨǫǂŬơ ǩDŽǷ Ŀ .ŘǸȈdzơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǸǴǰǴdz ǁƢǐƬƻơ Ȃǿ ĺ Ƣǯ Ka-Be ńƛ ƤǿƿƗ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƾǠƥ ƔƢLjŭơ ơǀǿ ƨȈǬƥ ńƛ ƔȆNj Dzǯ Ŀ ƨȀȈƦNj ǦƟơǂǏ ƨȈǻƢť .ȄǨnjƬLjǷ– Krankenbau ǶƟơƽ Dzǰnjƥ ƾƳȂǼȇ ȄǨnjƬLjŭơ Ŀ ǭȐLJȋơ ǺǷ ǁơƾŝ ƨǗƢŰ ƢȀǼǰdzȁ ǦƟơǂǐdzơ ȏȁ śǟȂƦLJƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯȋ ǭƢǼǿ ǹȂǴǜȇ DzƟȐǫ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ Ǻȇǀdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ ǂąnjǟĄ ŅơȂƷ ǂȀǜĄȇ ǺăǷ .ǹȂǨnjȇ ȁƗ ǹȂƫȂŻ ƢǷƛ ǺȇǂȀnjdzơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ .ǺȇǂȀNj ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ȄǬƦȇ ƾƷơȁ . ǃƢǤdzơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ DzLJǂȇ ƧǁȂǘƻ ƽơƽDŽȇ ȆƸǐdzơ ǾǠǓȁ ǺǷȁ ǾǻȂŪƢǠȇ ƔƢǨNj ƩƢǷȐǟ ǺȇƾȈǨŭơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ" ǞǷ ƾăǠǻĄ ƢǼǜƷ ǺLjū ƢǼǻȋ ơƿƢŭ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ȄǨnjƬLjǷ ."ƢƆȇƽƢǐƬǫơ ƾȇƾƳ ƢǼǿ DzǰdzƢǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ƧƽƢȈǠdzơ Ŀ ŕƷ ȏȁ .ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǺǯƗ Ń ĺ -Ƣǯ Ŀ ƵƢƦNjȋ ǹȐȇȂǗ ǹơǁȂƥƢǗ .ƨƷơǂŪơȁ ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ ǑơǂǷȋơ :ǹƢǸLjǫ ƢǼǿ ƾƳȂȇ .ř Ĉ Ȉǟ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ƵǂƳ ƾȈǸǔƫ ńƛ ǹȂƳƢƬŹ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƶȇǂdzơ Ŀȁ DzȈǴdzơ Ŀ ƣƢƦdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ ǹȂǨǬȇ ǂnjƥ ǶĔȂȈǟ ȄǴǟ ȁƾƦȇ ƩȂŭơ ǹȁǂƻƕ .ơȂǐƸƒǨȇĄ ǹƗ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ǹȁǂƻƕ .Ɣơȁƽ Ǎǂǫ ńƛ ȁƗ ǁȂƥƢǘdzơ .DZȂƻƾǴdz ǹơƾǠƬLjǷȁ ǹƢȈǧƢƷ ƱȁƽDŽŭơ ǁȂƥƢǘdzơ ƨǷƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹƢǨǫơȂdzơ ǹƢǼƯȍơ ǭȐLJƗȁ ƩƢǗƢƥǂdzơ ǹƢǟDŽǼȇ ƨnjǧơƾǷ Ŀȁ ƲȈƴǓ Ŀ ǾƬǷƾǬǷ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯƛ ƧǂǷ Dzǯȁ ǵƾǬƬȇ ƨǜƸǴdzƢƥ ǺǸŵȁ ǂǰǨǻ .ƢǸȀȈǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ Ŗdzơ ǩăǂŬ ĉ ơ ǹƢǟDŽǼȇȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ȄǴǟ Ŗdzơ ƾȇƾūơ :ǁȁƾdzơ ǞďȈǔǻ ȏ ŕƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ǻǰdzȁ DzƷȂdzơ Ŀ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƧƢǨƷ ȄǬƦǻ ȏ ȄĈƬƷ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ǂǷȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄƢƥ ǦǴǰŭơ ǎƼnjdzơ Ɣơǀūơ ǞǷ ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ƢƆƫƢƥ ƢƆǠǼǷ ǝȂǼŲ .śǴƻƾŭơ śƥ ƨLJơǂƷ ƨǨȈǬLJ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǬȇ ȆLjǻǂǧ DzǏƗ ǺǷ ǶƼǓ ǹƢLjǻƛ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈdzơ Dzǯ ǥȂǫȂdzơ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ DzƟȐǬdzơ śȈLjȈƟǂdzơ śǨǛȂŭơ ƾƷƗ 49
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ƕǯ ǮǨǻƗ Ƕǣǁ ǂǰǨƫ ǮǻƗ ȆǨǰȇ ƮȈƷ .Ǿƥ ǮLjǸƬdzơ ǪƸƬLjȇ ǪƷ Ȃǿ ǩDŽŲ DzǠǻ śƥ ǂưǯƗ ơȂƳƢƬŹ ǹơ ǹȁƾƥ ǹȂƳǂźȁ Ɣơǀūơ ǹȂǴǠƬǼȇ Ƕǿȁ ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ ǹȂǴƻƾȇ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ .Ɣơǀūơ ńƛ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǩăǂŬ ĉ ơ ǝDŽǻƗ ǹƗȁ DzǠǼdzơ ǞǴƻƗ ǹƗ ƨƥȂƴǟƘƥ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ .ȅǁȁƽ ļƘȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ DŽƬȀȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ ǥȂǨǰdzơ ȁƗ ǺƸǐdzơ Ņ ǩǂLjȇ ǹƗ ƾƷƗ ƶƴǼȇ ǹơ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƢǿǂLjƻƗ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ƾǼǟ DZƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ƢȀLjƦdzƗ ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ Ŗdzơ ŖǠƦǫ ȅƾȈƥ ǮLjǷƗ ňǃȁ ǹơDŽƫơ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǹƢǰLjŤ ȅơƾȇ ƱǂǟƗȁ ǥ Ċ ƢƷ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆƦLJƢǼǷ ȏƆ Ƣǐȇơ ǀƻƕȁ ǹDŽƼŭơ Ŀ DzǠǼdzơ ȆǬƥƌƗ ǹƗ Ņ ǹȂƸǸLjȇ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ǹƢǰǷ ȅƗ Ŀ ƢȀǠǓƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdz Ŗdzơ ƨȀǧƢƬdzơ ȆƴƟơȂŞ .ƩƢǏȂƸǨdzơ ƨǧǂǣ ńƛ ǁȁƾdzơ Ŀ ǦǫƗ ƢǻƗ DzƻƽƗ Ǟǔȇ ǑǂŲ ǭƢǼǿȁ Ƨơǂǟ Dzƻƾŭơ ńƛ Dzǐǻ ǹơ ƢǼȈǴǟȁ ƆƢȈŸǁƾƫ džƥȐŭơ ǹȂǠǴź ƢǼǿ ƨȇƢĔ ńƛ ƽȂǠȇȁ ǽǁȁƽ ƾǬǨȇ ƢƆLjƥȏ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ DzǏȁ ơƿƛ .ǖƥȍơ ƪŢ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǹơDŽȈǷ ƢǼdz ȁƗ ǹƢǼLJȋơ Ŀ ǵȏƕ ǖǬǧ ǶǿƾǼǟ Ȃdz ŕƷ Ƨǁơǂūơ ơȂLjȈǬȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǷDŽǴǷ Dzǰdzơ .ǁȁƾdzơ .ƨȈǬǴūơ ƨƥȂǬdzơ .DzǠǨdzƢƥ ȄǓǂǷ ơȂLjȈdz ǺăǷ ƧƾǬǠǷ ƧǂǷƢǤǷ ńƛ Ʊǂź ȏ ǹƗ ơȂǼǸǔȇ ǹƗ ǹȂdzȁƢŹ ơǀǰǿ Ƨǁơǂūơ ǹơDŽȈǷ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .ƤȈƦǘdzơ ńƛ ňǀƻƘȇ ǑǂǸŭơ :DzƻƽƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ƾƳȂƫ ȏ 174517 ǶǫǂǴdz) Nummer 174517, kein Fieber:ǺǴǠȇȁ řǻƗ ǹȂǼǴǠȇ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ȆLJƢLJƗ ǎƸǧ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ƪLjdz řǻơ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ .(ƧǁơǂƷ ƤǴǘdz ƢƆƦLJƢǼǷ ƢƆǻƢǰǷ džȈdz ơǀǿ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǥǂǟơ ȏ .Arztvormelder .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗȁ ȆƟơǀƷ ǀƻƕ ƢǻƗ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǺǷ řǻȂƳǂź .ƩƢƷƢǔȇơ ǹƿƛ .ƨƷơǂdzơ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ Ņ ǺǸǔȇ ƢŲ ơƆŚǘƻ ȁƾƥƗ .ǃƢƬŲ ȆƷǂƳ .řȈŹ ǶȈȇƢƷ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀdzơ DZƾƥ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ Ɔơƾǣ Ǻǰdzȁ ǞȈǸŪơ DzưǷ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ǵƢǻƗ ƢǻƗ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ŘǠǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ .ƢƆȈƟƢĔ ǎƸǨǴdz ƤȈƦǘdzơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫƗ ǹƗ ȆĈ Ǵǟ
50
Ka-Be
ǥȂLJ ơƆƾǣ ǶĔƛ ǝȂǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǁȂǷƘƥ ǶȈǴǟ ǶȈȇƢƷ . Arztvormelder .ĺ -Ƣǯ ńƛ řǻȁǀƻƢȇ ǺǷƚǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ňȂdzȂƥ ǾǴǏƗ .ǚǨŢ Ȑƥ Ǿƥ ǪƯƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǂȇǂLjdzơ Ŀ ȆǴȈǷǃ Ȃǿ ǶȈȇƢƷ ƢǰȈǻƢǰȈŭơ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ DzǤƬnjȇȁ ǾƬǼȀǷ ƤLjƷ ļƢǟƢLJ ȆǴȈƳ Ǻƥơ ǶȈǰƷ ǀȈǸǴƫȁ ȄǴǟȁ ǶȀƬǷơǂǯ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ ǹȂƸƴǼȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ DzƟȐǬdzơ ǺǷ Ȃǿ Ǯdzǀdz ƨLJƢLjūơ .ǾƥƢƸǏȋ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ ƤǴŸ ȅǀdzơ DzǸǠǴdz ƾǟƗ Ǯdzǀdz ǶȀLjǨǼƥ ǶȀƬǬƯ ǺǷ Ʊǂŵ ǹƗ ƢǻȁƽƢǻ DŽƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫȁ ǙƢǬȈƬLJȏơ ƾǠƥ :ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿ ŅƢƬdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ Ǧǫȁ ƾǫ ǹƢǯ ǭƢǼǿ .ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ ƨƷƢLJ Ƣȇơȁǃ ȃƾƷƛ ńƛ ƢǻȂǫƢLJ .ƨƯȐƯ ǞǷ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ǧǐdzơ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ǵȂȈǴdz Arztvormelder DZơ Dzǯ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ǦǏ .śǰƷƢǓ ơȁǂƴǨǻơ Dzǰdzơ .ǥȂǨǰdzơȁ ƨǠƦǬdzơȁ Ǧǰdzơ ǺƸǐdzơ ȅƾȇ ǺǷ ǀƻƗȁ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾǼǟ ƨLJơǂūơ Ŀ ǶȀǠǓƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ ǥȂǨǰdzơ ƔœƻƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟơ ƪLjdzƗ ńƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ ĺ -Ƣǰdzơ ńƛ ǶȀƦǴƳ ǝȂǼŲ ǾǻƗ ƮȈƷ (ơƆƾƳ ƨŞǂŭơ ƨǬǨǐdzơ) ǞȈƥƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ Ƕǫǁ ǽƾǼǟ ƾƷơȁ ǺǷ ơƆǂǜƬǼǷ ȆǬƥ Dzǿ ơƿƢǷ :ǶȀLJȁƙǁ ǹȁDŽȀȇȁ Ȇǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ȅǀdzơ Ƕǫǂdzơ ƩƢǫƢŧ DzǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ŚƦǯ .ǹȁĈƾǠȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ƽŐdzơ Ŀ ȃǂǠƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǂǷƘȇ .ƢǼǻȁƾǠȇ ȏ Ƨǂǜǻ ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .Džƛ.Džƛ ȅƾǼƳ ƔȆŸ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǵƢĈǸūơ ńƛ ƢǼǻȂưǠƦȇ ǺǷ ǾƳǂź .ȆǴLJƢǼƬdzơ ǽȂǔǟ ƣǂǫ ŚƦǯ ƹƢǨƬǻơ ƾƳȂȇ ƾƷơȁ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ǦǬȇ .ƧȏƢƦǷ ƢǼdzǃ ƢǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǞǷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǵƢǸƸƬLJȏơ ȄǴǟ ǹȁŐŸȁ ǹȁĈƾǠȇ ȃǂƻƛ ƧǂǷ Ǧǐdzơ ǹȁDŽǿƢƳ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .Ƨǁơǂūơ ǺǷ ǹȂǬǼƬź ǒǠƦdzơȁ DZȁȋơ ǵƢǸƸƬLJȏơ ǺǷ śǴǴƦǷ ȁƾƦƫ ǂƻȉ śƷ ǺǷȁ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ȁƾƦƫ ǭƢƦnjdzơ DZȐƻ ǺǷ .ȆƟƢȀǼdzơ ǎƸǨǴdz ǵȂȈǤdzơ DZȐƻ ǺǷ ƨƠȈǔŭơ džǸnjdzơ ńƛ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ Ǒǁȋơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ .džǸnjdzơ ƾǠƥ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ƩǂǷ ƔƢǸLjdzơ Ŀ ƢȀǠǫȂǷ ƤLjƷ .ǪǷƢǣ ƱƢƳǃ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƢŶƘǯ ƪLJ Ƨơǂǟ ƢǼǷơƾǫƗ ȄǴǟ ƩƢǟƢLJ ǂnjǟ ǺŴ .ƨƥǁȂnjǴdz ƢƆǟơƽȁ DZȂǬdzơ ǺǰŻ .ǂȀǜdzơ .ƩƢǟƢLJ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ɣơƽǂdzơ ƢȀǫȂǧ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǼǴưǷ ƨǘǫǂǷ džƥȐŠ) ƤȈƦǘdzơ ƨǴǿǀǷ ƨǟǂLjƥ DŽųƗ œǘdzơ ǎƸǨdzơ ǖǤǔȇ ǂǜǼȇ (ƢǼǷ Śưǰƥ ǂưǯƗ śũ Ȃǿȁ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ȄǴǟ Ǿdz ǖċȈű Ƕǫǂdzơȁ ǒȈƥȋơ řȀŭơ Aufgenommen DZȂǬȇ Ȃǿȁ Ńȋơ ƧƾNj ǺǷ ƹǂǏƗ ƨǧǃƢǼdzơȁ ƨƻȂǨǼŭơ ȆǴƳǁ ǂǜƬǻƗ ƨnjǿƾdzơ ǺǷ ƵȂƬǨǷ ǶǨƥ ǦǫƗ Ƣǻơ .(23 ǭȂǴƦdzơ ńƛ ǽȂƳǂƻƗ) Block 23 Ȇȇǂǟ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǨǘǠǷ Ǟǔȇ ƔơǁȂdzơ ńƛ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ňǂŸ ǶǿƾƷƗ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆȈǧƢǓƛ ƢƆƸȈǓȂƫ .ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ řǠǧƾȇȁ ȏƆ ƾǼǏ řȈǘǠȇ :ƣȂƬǰǷ ƣƢƦdzơ ǩȂǧ .23 Ƕǫǁ ǭȂǴƥ ƽȂƳȂǷ ǂƬǷ ƨƠǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ Dzƻơƾdzơ Ŀ ơǀǿ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǥǂǠȇ ǺǷ (ƩƢŪƢǠŭơ ǭȂǴƥ(Schonungsblock 23 DzǯƢȈŮơ ǦǏ Ŀ ơƆŚƻƗ ǦǫƗ .ǁƉ Ƣǟ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷ Ƣǻơȁ DZƾǼǐdzơȁ ǦǘǠŭơ řǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ .ǵȂȈdzơ ŀƢǠƫ Ŗdzơ ƨȇǁƢǠdzơ ǺǷ ŚƦǯ ƾƷ ńƛ ƤǠƬǷ ƢǻƗ ĺ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ǶȀǨdzơ ƨdzȁƢŰ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ DzȇȂǗ ǺǷǃ DzƦǫ ƽŐdzơ ǺǷ ƾǸšƗ ƽƢǯƗ řƥǀǠȇ ǝȂŪơ .ƢǿȂŪƢǠȇ Ń Ŗdzơ ƨƷȁǂĐơ ȆǷƾǫ ȄǴǟ ǥȂǫȂdzơ ǃƢǤdzơ ƨǧǂǣ Ȇǿ ƢŠǁ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǽǀǿȁ Śƻȋơ ȆǷȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈdzơ .ƾǠƥ ȆǿƢƦƬǻơ Śưȇ ƔȆNj ȏ ǒǸǣƗ ǹƗ .ǁơƾŪơ ńƛ ƾǼƬLJƗ ǹƗ ǖǬǧ DzǠǧƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ơƿƢǷ .ƢȀǼǟ ǞȈǸŪơ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ŗdzơ .ǂǜƬǻƗ ǹơȁ řȈǟ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ ǂċȀǘǷ Śǣ .ȁƾƦȇ ƢǷ ȄǴǟ ƢƆȇƽȂȀȇ džȈdz œǻƢƳ ńƛ ǁȁƾdzơ Ŀ ǦǫơȂdzơ DzȈŦ ǾǸLjƳȁ ǚǧ ǾȀƳȁ ƶƫƢǧ ǽƾǴƳ (ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢȀƬǸǴǠƫ Ŗdzơ ǁȂǷȋơ ƾƷƗ ơǀǿ) ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǨȈǘdz ǾȀƳȁ ƨǼƸLJȁ ƨǷƢǬdzơ DzȇȂǗ Ȃǿ ƽȂȀȈǴdz džȈdzȁ śȈǻȂdzȂƦǴdz DŽȈŲ ơǀǿȁ .ǝȂŪơ DZƿ ǺǷĉ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ǽƾš ơǀȀǯ ǾƳȁ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫȁ ǁơƽ .Dzƻƾǻ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ǹȂƸǸLjȇ ŕǷ ǥǂǠȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ǾdzƘLJƗ ǹƗ ƪdzȁƢƷ Ŀ Ɣȁƾđ ǺĈƻƽȁ .ƔƢǷ ŖǘǬǻ DzưǷ ǾȀƦnjȇ ǒȈƥƗ ƢƆȈǼȀǷ ƢƆȇĈǃ džƦǴȇ ȅǀdzơ ǶȈƷǂdzơ ǑǂǸŭơ ǮLjǷƗ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ .ƽȂƳȂǷ Śǣ řǻƘǯ ňƢƦȈŸ Ń .ƢǰƸǓȁ ƢƯƽƢŢ ƾǬdz .ƨǧǂǤdzơ ƨȇȁơǃ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ Dzǰdzơ .ǹȂǼů ǮƸǓ Ŀ ơǂƴǨǻơ ƢŷȐǯȁ ȆǸǫǁ ńƛ ǂǜǻ Ȇǟơǁǀƥ ƢŷƾƷƗ DzƦǫ ơȂǴǏȁ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǧȁǂǠŭơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ .ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ ƽȂȀȇ Ƕǿ ǦdzƗ 174 DZơ ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ǶȀǼǷ ȆǬƥ ǹȉơȁ ƨƠǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ƔƢƦǗƗ ǶȀǴǯ ǹȂǷƢŰ ǶȀǴǯ .ǺȇǂȀNj 52
Ka-Be
ǺǷ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ǹȂǬǴƬȇȁ DŽƦŬơ ǶȀǼǷ ǀƻƘĄȇ ǹƗ ǂƐǰǧ DzǸǠdzơ ǹȁƾȈŸ ȏ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ .ǖǬǧ ǹƢƬǼƯơ ǹơƾȇ) zwei linke Hände ǶĔȂǸLjȇ ǹƢŭȋơ .ƔƢLjŭơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐdzơ .NJȇƾȇȏơ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ ǶĔȋ ǁƢǬƬƷƢƥ ǶĔȂǴǷƢǠȇ ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ŕƷ .(ǹƢƬȇǁƢLjȇ ƨǟƢǫ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ ǰȈǿ ƪǼǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ Ȇǯǁȁ ǑȂƷ ňƢưdzơ ňȂdzȂƦǴdz ǃŐȇ ǶȈƷǂdzơ ƹȋơ řƸǼȇ ǦȈǠǔdzơ ȆǬǼǟȁ śƻȂǨǼŭơ ř Ć ǨƳȁ ŖǼƳȁ ńƛ Śnjȇ .ƢȈǷȂƫƢǻȌdz ƩơǂǓƢŰ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǪȈǸǟ ǂǠǬǷ ƶǘLJ ƾƳȂǼȇ ǦȈǯ Ǿdz ǂȀǜĄȇȁ ǭǁȂdzơ ȄǴǟ ǾǠƦǏƜƥ ǖǤǔȇȁ .Ȃƻǂdzơȁ ƤƷƢnjdzơ ȆǸū Ŀ ǖǤǔdzơ ǽǀȀǯ ƨǜǧ ƨǻƢǿƛ ǪǴƫƗ Ń řǻƗ Ņƛ DzȈź .ňȂdzȂƦdzơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƫƗ Ń Ȃdz Dzǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ňƿȋ ƧǂËǨĉ ǼǷ ƨǤdz .Ņ ƨǷȂȀǨŭơ Śǣ ǾƬǤǴƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ňȂdzȂƦdzơ ȄĔƗ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ Du Jude :řȈLJơȂȇ ŚƦǯ Ǫǧǂƥȁ ƨǰȈǯǁ ƨȈǻƢŭƗ ƨǤǴƥ Ņƛ ǾƳȂƫ .œǴǫ ǪƸLjƫȁ .ƪȈǷ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƪǻƗ) kaputt. Du schnell Krematorium fertig .(ǾĊ ƬǼǷ ǵȂȇǁƢƫȂǷǁƢǯ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƪǻƗ ǹȁȌŻȁ ǺǘǬdzơ ǶĔȂǘǠȇ ǹȂŪƢǠȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ Dzǰdz ơȁƽƢǼȇ ŕƷ ǂŤ ǥȂLJ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ƨƾǟ ƨǫơĈǂƥ ƨǘǫǂǷ ƧƾȇƾƳ džƥȐŠ ƾƷơȁ .Śƻȋơ ƢǻƗ ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯ ȄǓǂǸǯ ƨǏƢŬơ ǶēƢǫƢǘƥ ǑơǂǷƗ ƨȇƘƥȁ ƽȏȁƗ ȅƾdz ǹƢǯ Dzǿȁ "ƨȈǻƾŭơ" ŖǼȀǷ Ȇǿ ƢǷȁ Ʃƾdzȁ ǺȇƗ řdzƘLJ ƧƾǬǠǷ ƨȈƷǂLjǷ ȃȂLJ ơǀǿ džȈdz ơƿƢŭ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢŮ ƨȇƢĔ ȏ ƨǴƠLJƗ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ƪǓǂǷ Ƨơǂǟ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻȁŐŸ ȄǨnjƬLjǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƔDŽŮơȁ ƨȇǂƼLjdzơ ǞǓȂǷ ƢǼǠǓȁ ƢȀǧƾǿ .ƨǴƠLJƗ ǹȂdzƘLjȇȁ DŽƳơȂƷ ƨƯȐƯ ƢȀǼȈƥȁ ƩƢǬƦǗ ƭȐưƥ ǮƟơǁȋơ ǺǷ ǦǏ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƆơŚƻƗȁ ƨǰȇǁƗ Dzǯ Ŀ ǹƢǼƯơ ƆƢǔȇǂǷ śLjŨȁ śƬƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƨǰȇǁƗ ǹȂLjŨȁ ƨƠǷ ƆơƾƳ ƨǬȈǓ DžȂǴŪơ ǹȂǠȈǘƬLjȇ ȏ .ǦǬLjdzơ ńƛ ǹȂǗȂǤǔǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢȈǴǠdzơ ǮƟơǁȋơ Ŀ ǹȂǬǴƬLjŭơ .ơȂǴǏȁ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƽƾŪơ ơȁǂȇ ǹȋ ǝȐǘƬLJơ ƤƷ ǞǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ǶȀǷƢLjƳƗ ǹȂǼŹ Ǯdzǀdz ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ƾŸ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǹƜǧ ƤdzƢǤdzơ ȄǴǟ Ǿǻȋ ǁƢȀǼdzơ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ŀ ƧǁƢƯƛ ǂưǯȋơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .śǷƽƢǬdzơ śƥ ǾǧǂǠȇ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨǰȇǁȋơ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ƽƾŤƗ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƨǰȇǁȋơ !ƨƦȈƴǟ Ƨǂnjǟ Ƕǫǁ ƨǰȇǁƗ ňȂǘǟƗ ǹƗ ǞǷ .Ņ ƢȀǴǯ ƨǰȇǁƗ ǹȂǰƫ ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz ŅȂǏȁ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ǝƢƬǸƬLJƢƥ .ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ƢƆǷȂǻ ǵƢǻƗ ǪƟƢǫƽ Ƨǂnjǟ ǺǷ DzǫƗ ƾǠƥ řǻƜǧ ƆơƾƳ řǬȇƢǔȇ ǝȂŪơ ƢǷ DzȈǴǫ ȅƾLjŪơ DžƚƦdzơ .5DžȂƦǸȈǴdzơ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦdzơ ǹȂȀƦnjȇ ƔƢȈƷȋơ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǬǴƬȇ ȏȁ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȏ ơƽǁƢƥ džȈdz .ǑǂŭƢƥ ƨǘƦƫǂŭơ ƧƢǻƢǠŭơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǖǬǧ Ȃǿ ǪȇƢǔȇ .ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ƽƢƷ Dzǰnjƥ ơȂǫǂƻ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ DZƢLjƬǣȏơ ƤŸ ljơǂǨdzơ ȆǗ ƤŸ .ƢƆƷƢƦǏ ƨǠƥơǂdzơ ĿÅ ƢǔȇƗ ǹȂǜǬȈƬLjȇ ȄǓǂŭơ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .DŽƦŬơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ǦǐǼdzơȁ ƨLjǷƢŬơ Ŀ .ǢdzƢƦǷ ƾȀŝ džȈdzȁ Ɣȁƾđ Ǻǰdzȁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ DzǯƘǻ ǹƗȁ ƨǬȈǫƽ ǦǬNj ńƛ ƨƦƳȂdzơ ǶLjǬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Dzǯȋơ Ŀ ƨǟǂLjǴdz ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƾǟȂǷ ŕƷ ǵȂǼdzơ ǺǰŻ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥ ǂȇǂLjdzơ ȄǴǟ DžȂǴŪơ DZȐƻ Ɣȁƾđȁ .ǂȀǜdzơ ƾǠƥ ƨƷơǂƬLJơ MittagsruheǂȀǜdzơ ƾǠƥ ƨǠƥơǂdzơ ŕƷ .ǂȀǜdzơ Ŀ ƨƷơǃƛ ǮƟơǁȋơ Ǻǟ DZȁDŽǼdzơ ƤŸ .ƩƢƳȐǠdzơȁ ƔƢƦǗȋơ ƧǁƢȇǃ ƨƷơǂƬLJȏơ ƾǠƥȁ .ǹȂǟǃȂȇ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ƔƢnjǠdzơ ƨƦƳȁ ƢƆǔȇƗ .Ǧǐdzơ Ŀ ǥȂǫȂdzơȁ ǺǘǬdzơ .ǪƦǘǷ ƪǸǏ .DžǁƢūơ DzȇƾǼǫ ơƾǟ ƢǷ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ƨǠLJƢƬdzơ Ŀ .ƧĈǂLJȋơ Ŀ ƢŶƘǯ džƷƗȁ ǪȈǸǟ ǵȂǻ ƾǠƥ ǚǬȈƬLJƗ ƢǻƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ƪǴǏȁ ǀǼǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ Dzǐƫ DŽƦŬơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ƾǼǟ ǂƴǨdzơ ǞǴǘǷ ǞǷ .ǵƾǠdzơ ǺǷ ƪƳǂƻ .DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ǹȂƳǂźƔƢĈƸǏȋơ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ƢǷ.ƢĔȂǧDŽǠȇ ơȁƗƾƥ Ŗdzơ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ ƩơȂǏƗ ǹȂdz ȁƿ Ǻū DžƢLJȋƢƥ Dzǐȇ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ .ƵȂǓȂƥ ǞǸLjƫ ȏ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǶȀƴȈƴǓ Ǟǫȁ ȄǴǟ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƱȂǼǐdzơȁ ŚƦǰdzơ DzƦǘdzơ ƩƢƥǂǓ .ƾƷơȁ
Ŗdzơ DžȂǨǼdzơ ŘǰLJ ǹƢǰǷ :ƨȈƸȈLjŭơ ƢȈƳȂdzȂưȈŭơ Ŀ ƨǫǂƄơ ńƛ DzǏȂŭơ DŽȈǴǿƾdzơ* 5 DžȂǨǻ ƢȀȈǧȁ ƨǫǂƄơ Ŀ ńȁȋơ ƧǂƟơƾdzơ :Ŗǻơƾdz ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ .ǍȐŬơ ǂǜƬǼƫ Ǻȇǀdzơ śȈƸȈLjǷ Śǣ Ǻȇǀdzơ ŃƢǠdzơ ȂǬȇƾǏ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ǶēȂǷ DzƦǫ ơȁƾĈǸǠă ȇĄ Ń Ǻȇǀdzơ ƽȏȁȋơ .(ǶƳǂƬŭơ) ƶȈLjŭơ ǝȂLjȇ ǺǷ ǍȐŬơ ǹȁǂǜƬǼȇ 54
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ǂǜǼǻ ƧĈǂLJȋơ Ŀ ǺŴ .ƢǼȈdzƛ ƢȀƦǴŸ ƶȇǂdzơ Ƥǿ ƢǷ Dzǯ ƨǠǘǬƬŭơ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ ǞǘǬƥ ƨǜƷȐŭơ .ǹƢǘȈnjdzơ ǹƢūƗ ȏƐ ƛ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǹƢūȋơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ džŴ ƢǼǠȈŦ ƢǼǻȋ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂdzơ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ƆƢƷƢƦǏȁ ƔƢLjǷ ǁǂǰƬƫȁ ƽƢǠƫ .Ƨǂnjǟ řƯơ ŅơȂƷ ƨǴȈǴǬdzơ ƩƢǨȈƫȂŭơ ǹȂǰƬLJȁ ƢǼƫǂǯơƿ Ŀ ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ƩǂǨŴơ ƢȀƦŹ ňƢŭƗ Dzǯ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƨȈƦǠNj ǹĊ ƢǣƗȁ ƩƢNjǁƢǷ ȅǂƬǷȂȈŪơ ǹȂǼƴǴdz ŚƦǠƫ Ȇǿ ǹƢūȋơ ǽǀǿ .ǽƢLjǼǻ ǥȂLJ ȅǀdzơ ƾȈƷȂdzơ ƔȆnjdzơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ȏƆ ȁƗ ơȁƾȈƦȇ ǹƗ ƢǻŚǐǷ ƧƽƢLjdz ǵǁƢǐdzơ ǁơǂǬdzơ džǰǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȇǿȁ .ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz .ƢƆȈǴǯ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ƢǻȂǴƬǬȇ ŕƷ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ DzưǷ ǹȂnjŻ ƣƢƦǔdzơ Ŀ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ ǞǸąLjƫĄ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǩơǁȁȋơ ƶȇǂdzơ ǭǂŢ ƢǸǯ ǶȀǯǂŢ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơȁ ƨƬďȈǷ ƪƸƦǏƗ ǶȀƷơȁǁƗ Ņȉơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȇǿ ƨǬǨƻ Dzǯ ƧȂǘƻ Ȇǿ DzƦǗ ƨƥǂǓ Dzǯ .Ƕēƽơǁƛ ƧȂǫ Ȇǿ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ .ƨLjƥƢȈdzơ ơȂdzȂŢ DžƢǼdzơ ǥȂdzƗ Ʃơǂnjǟ :ǹƢŭȋơ ƶų ƾǬdz ƨƬďȈǷ Ƨƽơǁȍơ .ƨǨȈǠǔdzơ ƩȐǔǠǴdz ƤȈǴǐƫ .ǹȂnjŻ .ƢƆƠȈNj ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ȏȁ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ȏ Ƕǿ ǶƼǓ DzǰȈǿ ńƛ ǺăǷ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ƽȂǼƳ ƢǸȀƦǫơǂȇ ƧƽȂǠdzơ ƧŚLjǷ Ŀȁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ ƧŚLjǷ Ŀ ƩǀƻƌƗ DžƢǻƗ ǶȀƳƢƬǻƛ ǺǷ Ȇǿ Ŗdzơ ƨȈƷǂLjŭơ ǽǀǿ ƧƾǿƢnjǷ ǺǷ ǶȀǠǼŻ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdzƗ .ǾǼǷ ǶēƽȂǟ Ŀȁ ƣƢƦǔdzơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ ƩƢǟȂǸů ǹȂǻƢȀȇ Ƕēƽơǁƛ ǶȀǼǷ ǶǿǁƢǐƬǻȍ ƢƆǠǗƢǫ ơƆƾȀnjǷ ơǀǿ .ǾǼǷ ƧƽȂǠdzơȁ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƱȁǂƼǴdz ǵȏȉơ ǪȇǂǗ ơƆƾȈƳ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ ȂǼǯƢLJ ŕƷ ƩȂŭơ ȅƽơȁ ńƛ ǡƢǷƾdzơ DZďȂŢ Ŗdzơ ƧǂǸƬLjŭơ ƧŚƫȂdzơ ǽǀǿ ǂȇƾƼƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǺǷ ǂƸLjdzơ ǕȂǘƻ ǪȇDŽŤ ƤŸ Ǻǰdzȁ ơƆŚưǯ ǽȂƥǂƳ ƾǬdz .Ńȋơ ǦǨţ ƢȀǼǰdzȁ ǁƢǰǧȌdz ƢǸǯȁ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ǹȉơ DzǠǨǻ ƢǸǯ ǖƦǔdzƢƥ ƱǁƢŬơ ǺǷ ƨǷƽƢǬdzơ ȄǬȈLJȂŭơ ǝƢũ DzƳƗ ơƆƾȈƦǟ ƢǼLjdz ƢǷƾǼǟ ơǀǰǿ ǖǬǧ .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƧƽȏȂdzơ ƾǠƥ ǂȇǂƸƬdzơ ƾǠƥ ǹȉơ ƢǿǂǯǀƬǻȁ ǂǰǨǻ ǺǷ ǹȉơ ǖǬǧ .ǾƬȈǿƢǷ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ƔƢȈǸǠdzơ ƨǟƢǘdzơ DzLJȐLjƥ ǺȇƾȈǬǷ ƢǼLjdzȁ ǂƸLjǴdz DZƢǨƬƷȏơ ơǀǿ ǖȈǘţ ńƛ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǟǧƽ ȅǀdzơ ǪǘǼŭơ ǁȁǀƳ ǶȀǧ DZȁƢŴ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǵƾdzơ ǽǀǿ ƨƳƿƢLjdzơ ǹƢūȋơ ƾƷƗ ƢǼƬǴȈű Ŀ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǵȂȈdzơ ŕƷ ơƿƢŭȁ .ǥǂǬŭơ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƽȂǠǻ ǹƗ ƢƆȇƽƢǟ ƢƆƠȈNj Ǻǰȇ Ń ǾǻƘƥ ǭơǁƽȍơ ƢǼȈǧ Śưƫ ƩƢȇǂǯǀdzơ ǽǀǿ .ƢǼǫȁǂǟ Ŀ ƾǸƴƬȇ .džƬǨNjȁƗ ńƛ ǹƢȇƿƢŰ ƨǴȈǴdzơ Dzǯȁ ǵȂȈdzơ Dzǯ ǹƢLjdzƢƳ .ǹơǁƢƳ Ŗǰȇǁȋ ƨȇƿƢƄơ ƨǰȇǁȋơ ȄǴǟ DząƳǁƎ .ǚūơ ƣȏȁƽ Ŀ śƬǰũ ƢǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƾLjŪ ǪǏȐǷ ƾLjƳ ǂƻȊdz ƢŷƾƷƗ Ȃǿ .ƣǀȀǷȁ ǦǬưǷ ȅƾǼdzȂǿ ǹȂƥ ǂƬdzȁȁ Ȅǟƾȇ ƢŷƾƷƗ .ǾǴȈǷǃ DžƗǁ ƣǂǫ ƾƷơȂdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ ǾǠȈƦȇ ǹƗ ƵǂƬǬȇ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǼȈǰLJ ňŚǠȈǧ DŽƦŬơ Ǿƥ ǶLjǫƗ ƢǷ ȆǠǷ džȈdz ǚƷȐȇ ƮǴưƥ śǰLJ ƔơǂNj ǺǰŻ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ Ǿǻȋ DZǃƢǼƫƗ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ƣǂēƗ ƢǻƗ .DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ȏ ǂƬdzȁȁ .śǰLjdzơ ňŚǠȇ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ƾƳƗ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ĺ -Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ǾǻƗ DzǷƘƫƗ ƢǻƗȁ ƨƦƳȂdzơ ƨǬǠǴŭơ ǦōǜǻƗȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ȄLjƬƷơ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ǂąȀǜƌ dzơ Ŀȁ ƣƽƘƥ ǥǂǐƬdzơ DzǏơȂȇ .ƤǔǤȇ řȈǘǠȇ Ȃǿȁ (ƨǬǠǴŭƢƥ ƪǬǴǟ ƨƥǁȂNj ƨǘǬǻ ŕƷ ǞȈǔƫ ȏ Ȇǰdz ƧƽȂǸŰ ƨǬȇǂǗ) ǾȈƬǨnjƥ .ǾǼǷ ƢȀƦǴǗƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƽ ƢǿƢȇƛ ǂƬdzȁȁ Ƣȇ ǮǓǂǷ Ȃǿ ƢǷǺǰŻ ȏ .ơƆƔȂLJ ƾNjȋơ Ǒǂŭơ ǶLjŪơ Ŀ DZȂƥƿ – KörperschwächeǂȀǜƫ Ń Ȃdz .ǎȈƼnjƬdzơ ơǀǿ ƤƦLjƥ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ơƆƾƳ Śǘƻ ǾƬŪƢǠǷ ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǹƢǯ DzǸǠǴdz ƱȁǂŬƢƥ Ǿdz ƶǸLjƫ ȏ (ƢǿƢȇƛ řȇǂȇ) śǴƳǂdzơ Ŀ DzǷƢǷƽ .ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ ńƛ Dzǐȇ ȏ Ȇǰdz ƧȂǬƥ Śǣ Dzǰnjƥ .ƢȀǼǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ Dzǰdzơ .ǁƢǘƻȋơ ǽǀǿ DZȂƷ ƨǴƦǴƦǷ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǖǬǧ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆǷƢŤ ǹȂƬǸǐȇȁ Ņƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ ƨǴƠLJƗ DZƘLJƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǃȂǷǂdzƢƥ ǂNjƢƦǷ DZȂƷ ǃƢǤdzơ ǹơǂǧƗ DZȂƷ "ƢȈLjǰȈǴȈLjdzơ" DZȂƷ ƩƢǠƟƢnjdzơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƿƛ ǵȂȇǁȂǘǷơǂǰdzơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǺăǷ džǴŸ ǦǬȇ ƆơǁȂǟǀǷ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ ǂƬdzȁȁ ǁƢƳ ǂƻȉơ .ǵȂȇǁȂǗȂǷơǂǯ ňȂdzȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƨƷơǁ Ŀ ǵȂǼdzƢƥ ǹȂƸǸLjȇ ȏƭƾŹ ȅǀdzơ ƢǷ ǵȂȇǁȂǗȂǷơǂǰdzơ DZȂƷ ǂƬdzȁȁ .Ƨƽơƾūơ ǾƬǼȀǷ ǮȈdzȂſ Ǿũơ .ƢƆƥƢNj džȈdz .ƤǴǬdzơ ƤďȈǗ ȁƉ ƢȀƬǷ ǾȀƳȁ ȂǼȈƦdzơ Ȃdz ƽȂȇ ǮȈdzȂſ ƢȈLjǰȈǴȈLjdzƢƥ ǺǷƚȇ ȏ ňƢȈǴǘdzơ ơǀǰǿ :ljƾȇȏƢƥ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ǿdz Ƶǂnjȇ 56
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ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ǖǬǧ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǶȀǧƗ ƢǻƗ .NJȇƾȇȏơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǾǼǰdzȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ .řǠǼǬȇ Ȃǿ ƾȇ ƨǯǂŞ ǂƬdzȁȁ ƪǰLjȇ Ȃǿ .ǽȂǸȀǨȇ ơƆǂȀNj ǂnjǟ ƨȈǻƢť DzƦǫ ƩƗƾƥ ǽǀǿ ǵƢǫǁȋơ ƨǟȂǸů .174517 ƪǻƗ ǮǸǫǁ ňǁƗ ƢǻȂƥ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ƧǁȁƢĐơ ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơȁ džƬǨNjȁƗ ȃǂLJƗ ǝǁƿƗ ȄǴǟ ƧǁȂǨŰ Ȇǿȁ Wo ȅƢǼǯŚƥȁ džƬǨNjȁƗ ƔƢǼƴLJ ǞǷ ƢƆǨdzƗ ǹȂƯȐƯ ƢŠǁȁ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂnjǟ NJƬǧȂǻȂǷ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǺȇƗ ?sind die Andere .Ƨǂǰǧ ƵǂǗƗ ƢǻƗ "ȃǂƻƗ ƩƢǸȈű ńƛ ǶǿȂǴǬǻ ƢŠǁ" džȈdz Er will nix verstayen :ǂƬdzȁȁ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬȇȁ ǾLJƗǁ ǭǂŹ ǮȈdzȂſ .ǶȀǨȇ ǹƗ ơƆƾǠƬLjǷ ǮȈdzȂſȁ ȆǨǻƗ Ƕǣǁ ĄƪǸȀǧ Śǐǫ ǺǷǃ ƾǠƥȁ ǂǷȋơ Ŀ ƪǻƢǯ ǁƾǬdzơ ƾȇ Ǻǰdzȁ !Achtung ƹǂǐȇ ƩȂǏȁ ƨǬȇǂǐdzơ ƣƢƥ ƶƬǨǻơ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ .ƢƆȈƷ ƢƆǻƢǿǂƥ ǹƢǯ ǾLjǨǻ .ƩȂŭơ ƩȂǰLJ .ƩȂǏ Dzǯ ƪǸǏ ƨǜū Ŀȁ .ƪǐǻƗ ƢǸēơȂǘƻ (ǖƥƢǓ .ƨȈdzƢǟ ƨƳǁƽ ƩơǁƢNjƛ ƢŷƾƷȋ) Ȑƻƽ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǺǷ ǹƢȇƾǼƳ Ȃǿȁ ȆLjȈƟǂdzơ ƤȈƦǘdzơ ǞǷ ǹƢƯƾƸƬȇ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ƔƢǔǧ Ŀ ƾǿƾē ǂƬǧƽ Ŀ DzƴLjȇ ǖƥƢǔdzơ .ǮƟơǁȋơ ńƛ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ Śnjȇ .ƩƢǜƷȐǷ ǂƬǧƽ ƢǸȀȇǂĄȇ ."ǾƦƬǻơ ǾƦƬǻơ ".ȆǓȂƷ džŻ ǮȈdzȂſ ǹƗ ǾƫƢǜƷȐǷ ƣǂǔȇ ǮƟơǁȋơ śƥ ǽƢƦƬǻơ ǹȁƾƥ ƆƢƬǷƢǏ DZȂƴƬȇ ǾǠǷ ƤȈƦǘdzơ ŚLjȇ ȅǀdzơ ǖƥƢǔdzơ ǝǂLjȇ ǒȇǂŭơ .ƨȈdzƢǠdzơ ƧǂLJȋơ ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ǃǁƢƦdzơ ƨȈǻƢǘƦdzơ ǥǂǗ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ȅǀdzơ ǕȂLjdzƢƥ ƨdzƢŞ ǾȀƳȁ ǒȇǂǷ ƣǂǫ ǦǬȇ .ǵƾǬƬdzơ DzǏơȂȇ ǖƥƢǔdzơ .ƨȈǻƢǘƦdzơ ƤȈƫǂƫ ńƛ ȏƆ ȂǿǀǷ "gut, gut" ǾǼǘƥ džŻ ǖƥƢǔdzơ .Ǧšǂȇ ơǀǿȁ ǾƬȈǻƢǘƦƥ ǮLjŻ ƤƷƢNj ƨƠȈLJ .ŚLjdzơ DzǏơȂȇȁ (ƢƆǼLjƷ ƢƆǼLjƷ) Ƕǫǂdzơȁ ǂȇǂLjdzơ Ƕǫǁ ǎƸǨȇ ǽǂƬǧƽ Ŀ ǂǜǼȇ .ǮȈdzȂſ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ .ƢǼƦǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫȁ ƨǰȇǁƗ ƣǂǫ ƤȈǴǐdzơ ƨǷȐǟ .ƔȆNj Dzǯ ȃǁƗ ƢǻƗ ȄǴǟȋơ ǺǷ .Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ .ŚLjdzơ DzǏơȂȇ .ǮȈdzȂſ 57
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ ǺǷ .ǂƬdzȁȁ řȈǟ ǚƷȏƗ ǽƾǠƥȁ ǮȈdzȂſ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ƢǻƗ ǹȉơ Ŀ ǶǿǂȇǂŢ ȅǂŸ ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ƨǟȂǸů ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ŅƢƬdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ .DZơƚLjdzơ DzƟơȁȋơ .Dzƻƾŭơ ƣǂǫ ǹƢƬǴǐǨǼǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ơȂǨǫȁ ƵƢƦǐdzơ ơȂǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƱȁǂŬơ ƽǂĐ ơȂƳǂƻ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǶǿǂǠNjȁ ǶĔȂǫƿ ơȂǬǴƷ ơȂǸƸƬLJơ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷƗ ƤǴǘȇ Ń .ǶĔȂǫƿ ơȂǬǴŹ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ơȂǸƸƬLjȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƆƢƳȐǟ .ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǶȀƟȐǷDŽdz ƧŚǤǏ ƲȈƴǓ ǹȁƾƥ Ɔơƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ǞǓơȂƬƥ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǮȈdzȂſ ǹƢǯ ǺȇǂƻƘƬŭơ śƥ Ƥǿƿ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ǭơƿ ƧǂǷȁ ơǀǿ ƧǂǷ ƤȈǐȇȁ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ ǦƟơǂǏ Ŀ DzƬǬdzơ ȅǂŸ Ɣȁƾđ Ŀ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ńȁ ƢǼƬǸǏ ƢǻƗȁ ǂƬdzȁȁ .śǰLjdzơȁ Ǧǰdzơ Ņ ǭǂƫ ǮȈdzȂſ ĺ ƨǏƢŬơ DŽƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ǦȈǯ ǂƬdzȁȁ řdzƘLJ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ .ǂƻȉơ řȈǟ ǺǷ ƮȈŞ ƆƢǠǘǫ ƢƆǠǘǫ ǾƬƦƳȁ ǞŏǘǬƊ ȇĄ ƧƽƢǟ Ȃǿ ǾǻƗ ǂĈLjǧȁ .ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ .ƢǼȇǂƳǂŭƢƥ ƢȀǼǿƾǻ ǹƗ DzȀLjdzơ ƢǼǿ .ƨƷơǂƬLJȏơ ƨǨȇǂǏ ǽƢǼǠǷ Schonungsblock:ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǂLjǨȇ ǂƬdzȁȁ ǶȀǼȈƥ ƩƢƳȐǠdzơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ơȂLjȈdz Ǻȇǀdzơ "ǒǠƦdzơ ǭƢǼǿȁ" ȄǓǂŭơ ȁƗ ǹȂȀǬǼƬŭơ ǶȈǬȇ .ƧǁȂǘŬơ ǺǷ ƨƫȁƢǨƬǷ ƩƢȇȂƬLjǷ Ŀ ƢȇǁƢǘǻDŽȇƾdzƢƥ ƢƆǔȇǂǷ śLjŨ ŅơȂƷ ǹƢƬƦǴǟ ǽǂƻƕ Ŀ .ǂǸŭơ DZȂǗ ȄǴǟ ǦǏ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ .ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ Dzǯ ǹȂǐƸƒǨȇĄ Ɣȏƚǿ ȄǓǂŭơ .ƨǟƢLJ ǽƾȇ Ŀȁ ǍƢǏǁ ǶǴǫȁ ƩȐȈƴLjƫ ǂƬǧƽ .ǑǂŲ ƢǸđǂǬƥȁ ǮǼƬdzơ ǺǷ ƨǬȈǫƽ DZȐƻ .śdzȂȀLjǷ ơȂdzơǃ ƢǷ ǶĔƗ DzƄơ Ŀ ơȂǼǿŐȇ ǹƗ ƤŸȁ ƆƢƳơȁǃƗ ǹȂǷƾǬƬȇ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǹȂǴLjǤȇ ǶǰŹȁ ȃǂȇ ȅǀdzơ ǑǂǸǸǴdz ƨƴȈƬǼdzơ ǹȁǂȀǜȇ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǖƦǔdzƢƥ .ǹơǂƻƕ ǹƢǼƯơ ƔȆŸ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ƾǠƥ śǸưdzơ ǹƢǿŐdzơ ȄǴǟ ǶȀǼǘƥ Ŀ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ǹȁȂƬǴȇ ǁȁƾdzơ Ŀ śǨǫơȂdzơ ǒǠƥ ǃơŐdzơ ơȂƳǂź ǹƗ ǹȁǁƾǬȇ ȏ ƪǫȂdzơ džǨǻ Ŀ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹȁǂƻȉơ .ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂnjǟ ȁƗ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ǶǴǬƥ ƤǠǴȇ Ǧǫơȁ ǑǂǸŭơ .śǸưdzơ ǹƢǿŐdzơ ơȂƳǂź ŕƷ ǶēƽǁȁƗȁ ǶēȐǔǟ ǹȁǂƫȂȇ ǁƢƯ ơƿƛȁ ǾȈdzƛ Ƣđ ǹȂƫƘȇ Ŗdzơ ƧƽƢŭơ Ŀ ǂǜǼȇ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ Ɣȁƾđ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ǍƢǏǂdzơ ǺǷ ȂǼȈǻȂLJ ȁŚƥ .ňȁDŽȈdz ƔƢƳ ǥǁƢǠŭơ ƾƷƗ .ƤȈƦǘdzơ ńƛ ƧƽƢŭƢƥ Ƥǿǀȇ ǾǻƜǧ ǮNj 58
Ka-Be
ƢǼǿ ƮǰŻ Ȃǿȁ .ǦȈǨƻ ƔƢǠǷƗ ƣƢȀƬdzơ ȁŚƦdz ."ǾǠǷ ƢȀƬƦǠdz ǦȈǯ ƪȇƗǁ Dzǿ" .ƢǷȁǁ .ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ǹƗ ǶǸǐǷ Ȃǿȁ ƢȈLjǰȈǴȈLjdzƢƥ ǦƼƬLjȇȁ ǺǸLjȇ ƶȇǂƬLjǷ .ơƆƾȈƳ ƢƆLJƢLjƷƛ džŹȁ ȆǬȈǬƷ ǒȇǂǷ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ǦǬȇ :ǾƬǘƻ .ƔƢƬnjdzơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ Ǻť ȅƘƥ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ȁƗ ƨƥǁȂNj DzƥƢǬǷ) ǽƾǟƢLjȇ ǹƗ ǒȇǂŭơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘȇ ǽǁȁƽ Dzǐȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƢȇǁƢǘǻDŽȇƾdzƢƥ ƧƽȂƳȂŭơ) ƨƴǔdzơ Ŀ ƣȂƦǻȋơ DZƾƦȇ ƨȈǻƢưdz Ȃdzȁ ȆȀƬǴȇ ǑǂǸŭơȁ ơǀǿ Ǫǧơȁ ơƿƛȁ (DŽƦƻ ŕƷ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧǁȂǘŬơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǥǂǠȇ ȁŚƥ .ƶƴǼƫ ƨǟƾŬơȁ (ǦǫơȂdzơ ǁȂƥƢǘdzơ Ŀ ƢƆǸƟơƽ .ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƶų ǹȉơ ƨƥƢǫǂǴdz ǥǂǬŭơ ƾȀnjŭơ džȈdz .ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ DžƢLJȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ džȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢȈLjǰȈǴȈLjdzơ Ŀ ǂƫȂƬdzơ ƩƢǜū ŕƷ ȏȁ ǑơǂǷȋơ džȈdz DZƢȀLJȍơ ǎƸǧȁ DzǸǬdzơ ȄǴǟ ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ DZơDŽȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨȇƾLjŪơ ƩƢƥȂǠǐdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ȃǿ .ĺ -Ƣǰdzơ Ǻǟ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ȏ DzǸǟ ȅƗ ǺǷ ƨǣǁƢǨdzơȁ ƨǴȇȂǘdzơ ǵƢȇȋơ DZȐƻ .ǾȈǼȈǟ ƶƬǨȇȁ ǂǰǨȇ ŚǤƬdzơ Ǻǟ Ʈȇƾūơ ńƛ ǹȂǴǐȇ ƧǁȁǂǔdzƢƥȁ .ȃǂƻƗ ƢȇƢǔǫ Ǻǟ ƢŶƛȁ DzǸǠdzơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ŀ .ƧƢȈūơ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǿƢǷ Ŀȁ ƢǼǷ ǀĉƻƗ ƢǷ Ŀ ŚǰǨƬdzơȁ ƢǼdz ƭƾƷ ȅǀdzơ Ƥȇǂǫ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ ǁƢȈĔȏơ ǺǷ ƨƦȇǂǫ Ȇǿȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨĈnjǿ ƢǼƬȈǐƼNj ǹƗ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƨƟƽƢŮơ ƧǂȇDŽŪơ ơȂǻƢǯ "ƽȂǠƫ ƣơǂƬdzơ ńƛȁ ƣơǂƬdzơ ǺǷ" ơȂdzȂǬȇ ǹƗ DZƾƥ ǶĔƗ Ȃdz ƢǼƟƢƥƕ ƔƢƥƕ .ƾLjŪơ ƢŮ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ ǹơƾǬǧ Ȃǿȁ ƢǼdz ǺǷƢǰdzơ ŚƦǰdzơ ǂǘŬơ DZȂƷ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ Dzǯ ơȂǴǸǟơ :ƨǤǴdzơ ǽǀđ ǹȂǰƫ ǹơ ƤŸ ǹƢǯ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺǷ ȃǂnjƥ Ʊǂţ ǹƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ..ƢǼǿ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑƎǂǧƌ ƢǷ ǶǰƫȂȈƥ Ŀ ƭƾŹ ȏ ŕƷ ƔȆNj ȃǂǯƿ Śǣ ƪLjȈdz ƢǼƫȂȈƥ ǁƢǰǧȌdz ǡơǂǧ ƪǫȁ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdzȁ ƣǀǠƬǻ DzǸǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƧŚƴƷ ǺǷ ǂƻȉơ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǁȁDŽǻ ƢǼǻƜǧ ǞǼŭơ Ƕǣǁ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ƢǼƬǫȁ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ơƆƾƳ ƧƾȈǠƥ ƤǴǤƬƫ ǩơȂNjȋơȁ ƣơǀǠdzƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƨȈƦnjŬơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ .ǶǴǰƬǻ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǶǴǰƬǻ .ȃǂƻƗ ńƛ ȄǸLjĄȇ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴdzơ Ŀ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ȌŻ ȅǀdzơ ŚƦǰdzơ Ńȋơ ƢƆǏȂǐƻȁ .ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƪȈƦdzơ ńƛ śǼūơ :ƢǿƢǼǠǷ ƨǴȈŦ ƨǸǴǯ .Heimweh
59
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨǜǬȈdzơ Ŀ ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ȌŤ ȆƳǁƢŬơ ŃƢǠdzơ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ .ƢǼƠƳ ǺȇƗ ǺǷ ƢǼdz ǥȁǂǠǷ ƧǁȂǏ Dzǯȁ .ƢƆƠȈNj ȄLjǼǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǦnjƬǰǻ DZȂǿƿ Ŀ .ƢǼǷƢǼǷ Ŀ ƢǿƾǿƢnjǻ Ŗdzơ ƢǼǷȐƷƗȁ DzǸǠdzơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǺǷ ǶǣǂdzƢƥ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢȈLjǰȈǴȈLjdzơ ǺǷ ƣǂĔ ƾǫ .ȆǓƢŭơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ơƿƢǷȁ .ȅǁƢƦƳȍơ Ŀ ǩǂǤǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥȁ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ ƢǼȈǟȁ ǶƟƢƬnjdzơȁ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ Ǻǟ ƢǻƽƢǠƬƥƢƥ .ƢǼǿ .ƨǬǴǤǷ ƩơǂǗƢǫ Ŀ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ƢǻǂǧƢLJ .ŃƢǠdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ ȏ :ǞǗƢǫ ƱƢƬǼƬLJȏơȁ ǂǗơȂŬơ ńƛ Ʃơǂŭơ ƩƢƠǷ ȆnjŶ ƔȏƿƗ ƾȈƦǟ ǺŴ .ǵƾǠdzơ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǻƔƢLjǻ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǻƾLjƳ Dzƥƿ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƢǼƷȁǁ ƢǻƾǬǧ ƩȂŭơ ŕƷ śƦǠƬǷ ƔơǁȂdzơ ńƛȁ ǵƢǷȋơ ǎƼNj Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǹƢLjǻƛ ȅƗ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǝȂǼŲ .ƽȂǠǻ Ǻdz ǺŴ .ƩƢǷȁ ȃǂnjƥ ƨƦȈǿǂdzơ ȃǂnjƦdzơ ǂnjƦȇ ǹƗ ǾǸū ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂdzơ ǾǴǯ ŃƢǠǴdz ǂȀǜȇȁ .ǹƢLjǻȍơ džǨǼdz ǾǴǠǨƫ ǹƗ ǹƢLjǻȍơ džǨǻ ƪǼǰŤ ȅǀdzơ ƤȈǿǂdzơ ǂǷȋơ .džƬǨNjȁƗ
60
ƢǼȈdzƢȈdz ƱǂƻƗ ǹƗ ƩǁǂǘǓơ ƾȇƾnjdzơ ȆǨLJȋ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ĺ -Ƣǯ Ŀ ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ƪ Ą ȈǬƥ .ƪǴǷƾǻơ ƾǫ ȆƷơǂƳ ǹȋ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ Ŗdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴdzȁ ǪƥƢLjdzơ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǠƫ ȏ ǵƢǟ Dzǰnjƥ ƨǘȈLjƥ ƪǻƢǯ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ Śǣ ƩƢǧơǂƬǟơ ƤLjƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƧƽƢLjdzơ ǞǷ ƨǏƢƻ ǖƥơȁǁ ƪǸǫƗ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƢȀȈdzƛ ƪƦLjƬǻơ ĺ-Ƣǯ ǺǷ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ .DZƢǸǟȋơ ƾƷƗ ńƛȁ ǦƟơǂǐdzơ ƾƷƗ ńƛ ǮǻȂưǠƦȇ Ņ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ŗdzơ ǮdzȂƻƽ ƾǼǟ ƪȈǬƥƗ Ŗdzơ džƥȐŭơȁ Ɣơǀūơ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ .Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂƳǂź ƨǬǠǴǷ Ǻť Ǿdzȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȀLJ džȈdz ǝȂǓȂŭơ .ƨǟƢƴǼƥȁ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǮƫƢLJƢȈǬdz ƨƦLJƢǼǷ ǹȂǰƫ Dzǯ ǺǷ ƤǠǏȋơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ Ŀ .DzƥƢǬǷ ǹȁƾƥ ƢǸȀȈǴǟ DZȂǐūơ ǺǰŻ ȏ śǰLJȁ ǥǂǠƫ ȏ ǺȇƽƢǠǷ ǩƢǧǁ śƥ ƨƥǂƬǤǷȁ ƨƦȇǂǣ ƨƠȈƥ Ŀ ǮLjǨǻ ƾš ƪǻƗ ƔȆNj .ǶǿƔơǃƛ ǮLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƾȇƾŪơ "DžȂƥƢǰdzơ" ǾdzȂƷ řƦȇ ǹƗ Ƨǂnjǫ Ŀ Dzƻƾȇ ǹƗ ƧǂƫƢLJ ƨȇȁơǃ ƾŸ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ƨǁƾǫ ǹƛ ǎƸǨȇ ǹƗ ƤLJƢǼŭơ ǺǷ .ƨǠƟơǁ Ȇǿ DzǷƗ ȅƗ Ǿdz ȄǬƦȇ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŕƷ ƆƢȈǫơȁ ơƆǁơƾƳ ƨǧǂǠǷ ǹȁƾƥ DzǸǠƫ ǶȀƬȈƦǴǣƗȁ .Őǐƥ DzǸǠdzơ Ƨǂť Ȃǿ ǦȈǰƬdzơ .ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ǽǀǿ ǪǸǠƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǪŏǴǠă ƫĄ ŕƷ ǂȇǂLjdzơ ǩȂǧ ơƆǁƢǸLjǷ ǩƾƫ ǹƗ :ǕƢnjǼƥ ǶȀǔǠƥȁ ƧȏƢƦǷ Ȑƥ ǶȀǔǠƥ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǺǸţ ǹƗ ǦǼǠdzơ ȄNjƢƸƬƫȁ ǹơŚŪơ ǞǷ ǶǿƢǨƬdzơ ńƛ Dzǐƫ ǹƗ DzȈǴdzơ Ŀ Ɣơǀūơ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠƫ ǹƗ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ǯƥ ǍƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀȁ ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ŀ śǻơȂǬdzơȁ ƩơƽƢǠdzơ ǹǃơȂƬdzơ ńƛ DZȂǏȂdzơ Ŀ ƶƴǼƫ ƨǴȈǴǫ Śǣ ƽȂȀƳ ƾǠƥȁ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ Ƨƾǟ ǁȁǂǷ ƾǠƥ .ǦȈǰƬƫ ǺǰŻ ǮƳȁǂƻ ƾǟȂǷ ƔȆŸ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ǞǫȂƬǷ Śǣ Ȃǿ ƢǷ Ɣơǃƛ DzǫƗ ƨǬƯ ǭƢǼǿȁ DžƢLjūơ .ơƆǂǐƬǼǷ ƪƳǂƻ ǮǻƗ DZȂǬdzơ ƆƢȈǴǯ Ǧ ă njȇ Ń ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ Ǿƥǁ ǾǬǴƻ ƢǸǯ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ ǺǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǁȂǠNj ǎȈǸǬdzơȁ ǞƳȂȇ Ɣơǀūơ ǖǬLjȇ ǹȂǴǘǼƦdzơ .ȆƳǁƢŬơ ƔƢǔǨdzơ ƨǸǴǛ ńƛ ǥǀƌǫ ǺǸǯ Ȃǿ 61
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǞǷȁ ƨLjƥƢǟ ǽȂƳȁ Śǣ ƾŸ ȏȁ ƨȈǻƢLjǻƛ ƨƥơǂǫ Ǻǟ ǞǸƬů Ǻǟ NJƬǨȇ ǁơǁǃƗ Ǿdz džȈdz .DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ơǀǿ (ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ) Blockältester ńƛ ƹȋơ řǸǴLJ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȆǠǓȁ ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿ Ƕǫǁ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ œǴǫ Ŀ ƵǂǨdzơ Ƕċ ǟ .ǁȂƬLJƾdzơ Ŀ ƧǁǂǬŭơ DZȂƦǬdzơ ƩƢƦȈƫǂƫ ƾǠƥ .ȂƫŐdzƗ ǺǰLjȇ ƮȈƷ 45 Ȃǿ ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ń śƬǼLjƥ řǷ ǂǤǏƗ ƆƢǷƢǟ Ǻȇǂnjǟȁ śǼƯƛ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ĺƢƸǏƗ śƥ Dzǔǧȋơ Ȃǿ ȂƫŐdzƗ .ǝȂǧǂǷ DžƗǂƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ Dzƻƽ ȂƫŐdzƗ .ǾǴưǷ ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz ǦȈǰƬȇ ǹƗ ŅƢǘȇơ ȅƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ ȄǴǟ ǪǨnjȇ Ń .ƨLJǂNj ƣǂƷ Ȇǿ ƢǼǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǹƗ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǴƦǫ ǶƎȀǧƊ ƭȂǴƬȇ Ńȁ ǁǂǔƬȇ Ń DZƢǔǼǴdz Ʊǂƻ Dzƥ .ơƆƾƷƗ ǶƷǂȇ Ńȁ śǸȀƬǷ Ǻǟ ƮƸƦdzơ Ŀ ƪǫȂdzơ ǞȈǔȇ Ńȁ ǾLjǨǻ ȏ ƧŚưǯ ƩơǂǷ ǪǘǼŠ ǂǰǨȇ ƨǸȈǴLjdzơ ǾLjȈLJƢƷƗȁ ƨǸǰūơ ǾƷȐLJ DZȁȋơ ǵȂȈdzơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǺǷ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ǶȀǨȇ ƶȈƸǏ Dzǰnjƥ ǥǂǐƬȇ ȏ Ǯdzƿ Ƕǣǁȁ ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ǂǰǨȇ ǾƬǤdz ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǫ ƧŚưǯ ƩƢǤǴƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ńȁȋơ ƩƢǯǂŞȁ ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƤȈŸ .ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơȁ ǹƢȈǴǘdzơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǾdzȂǬȇ ƢǷ ǶȀǨȇ Ǻǰdzȁ ǵȋơ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ƢƆǟƢǧƽ ǝǁƢǐȇ ǾƦŹ ȏ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ .ǾǻȂǸȀǨȇ Dzǰdzơȁ ǺȇƾȈdzơ ƽƢǠƬƥȏơ ƤŸ ǺăǷ Ǻǟȁ ǾƫȂNjǁ ƤŹ ǺăǷ "ǥǂǠȇ" .ǞȈǸƴǴdz ƢƆǬȇƾǏ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƔȆNj Dzǯ Ƕǣǁȁ ƧȂǬƥ ǥȂǫȂdzơ ƤŸ ǺăǷ ƾǓȁ ƨǬǨnjdzơ ƧǁƢƯƛ ƤŸ ǺăǷ Ǻǟȁ ƨȈdzƢǣ ǽơǂǯƿ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƨdzƢǨLjdzơ ƾǓ ǦǬȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟ .Ƶȁǂdzơ DzȈdzƿȁ ơƆǁȂȀǬǷ ƢƆǷȂȇ ƧȂǫ Dzǯ ǽƾǓ ƪȀďƳȁĄ ƾǫȁ ǂnjǠŭơ ǺăLjƷă ȁ ƢƆȇȂǫ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ǾȈǧ ƪȇƗǁ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƆơƾƳ ȆǴǟ .ǂnjdzơ ǾȈdzƛ ơȁǂǜǻ 45 ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ơǀǿ Ŀ ȂƫŐdzƗ ƣǂǫ ǵȂǼǴdz ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ǀƻƕ ǹƗ ƶųƗ Ń Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ Ǿƥ ǩȂƯȂdzơ ǺǰŻ ȅǀdzơ .ljơǂǨdzơ Ŀ DzȈǷDŽdzƢǧ ǦLJȌdz Ƣȇ .Śưǯ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ ǵƢǼǻ ǺŴȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ŅƢȈǴdzơȁ ƔƢƬNj ǹȉơ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ .ƨǸȈǫ ȁƿ ƤLjǰǷ Ȃǿ ǾǠǷ ǩƢǨƫȏơ ƨƸƟơǂdzơ ǺǷ ǁƢŪơ ǩăǂǟă ǺǷ ňƢǠǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻȁ ơƆǂƬǸƬǼLJ śǠƦLJ ǑǂǠƥ ƨȈǻƢǘƥ ƪŢ śǼƯơ ŅƢȈdz .Ƥȇǂǫ ǪȇƾǏ ǺǷ ǮȈdzƛ ļƘȇ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ƣȂǴǘŭơ ǺǷ Ǯdzǀdz Ƨǁơǂūơȁ .DZȂǗƗ ƢƆǼǷǃ ƵƢƫǂǻȁ ǵƢǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ƶǸąLjȇĄ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƔƢƬnjdzơ 62
ƢǼȈdzƢȈdz
ƢǷȁ .ǵƢǠǘdzơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǞȇǃȂƫ ȃǂƳ ƨǟƢLJ DzƦǫ .ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ƨƴǔdzơ Ɨƾē ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ DzƥƢǬǷ ǎƸǨȇ Ȃǿȁ .ǦȈǜǼƬdzơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ǞǸǴƫ ƢĔƗ Ƕǣǁ ǾǻƢǼLJƗ ǦǜǼȇ ǹƗ ǂǐȇ ǺăǷ DZơǃ ǺǷ ƔȆNj ǾȈǧ ǪǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ DŽȈǯǂƬdzơ Ƨǂưǯ ǺǷ ƾǠƴƬǷ ǾǼȈƦƳ .DzȇƾǼǬdzơ ƔȂǓ ơǀǿ ǺǷȁ .ƨƷȁǂĐơ DzƳǁȋơ ŀƢǠȇ ƧăǂLJĉ ȋơ śƥ DZȂƴƬȇ ljȁƽǂǯ DžƾǼȀŭơ .ǵƢǠǘdzơ ȆǫơȂƥ ơǀǿȁ .DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǫ Ǻǟ ǂǗƢƻ ƨƦȈǗ Ǻǟ DZǃƢǼƬȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƢǼǿ ǾnjȈǟ ƤLjǰȇ .ǾƬnjȈǠǷ ƣƢƦLJƗ ǀƻƘȇ ljȁƽǂǯ DžƾǼȀŭơ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƨǔȇǂŭơ DzƳǁȌdz ƨƷơǁ ƤǴŸ ȄǴǟ džǴƳ .ǾdzȂƷ ǾȈǼȈǠƥ ǂǜǻ .ƩƢȇƢǰūơ ǍƢǫ .ƨȈǨƻ Dzƻƽ ȆǨǴŬơ Dzƻƾŭơ ǺǷ ƪǸǏ Ŀ śƬǐǼǷ DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸů ǾdzȂƷ ƪǠǸš ƨǜū Ŀȁ .ǹƢſƢǧ ǂȇǂLJ džǨǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƩƢȈƥƗ ƨǠƥǁȋơ ƩƢǟȂǸů Ʃơƿ ƧƢǨǬǷ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƨȈǼǣƗ ljƾȇȏƢƥ ȄĈǼǣ .ǵƢǸƬǿơȁ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢǰŭơ ƤƦLjƥ ƧƾȈǐǬdzơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿ ȁƗ .ƤǴǬdzơ džŤ Ŗdzơ ƨǼȇDŽūơ ƨȈǼǣȋơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǦƐdzƗ ȅǀdzơ Ȃǿ ǎƼnjdzơ ǹƗ ƲƬǼƬLJơ ƢǻƗ ǾǸȀǧƗ ȅǀdzơ DzȈǴǬdzơ ǺǷ Ǿƥ ƢȀƬǠũ ƧǁƢƴȈLJ ǾȈǘǠȇ ʼnǂǯ ǭƢǼǿ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ ŃƢǠdzơ Dzǯ Ƕǔȇ ƔƢǼǤdzơ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ǎǬƫ Ŗdzơ .ƢƆƠȈNj ǹȂǘǠȇ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ ǹȁDŽǯǂƬǷ Ƕǿȁ ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ƆƢǘȈƻ ȁƗ Wer hat kaputt die -ǵȂȈdzơ ǕƢnjǼdz Śƻȋơ ǹȐǟȍơ ƆƢȈdzƢǟ ǞǸąLjȇĄ ƧƘƴǧ .śǠƥǁƗ ƩơȂǏƘƥ Ʋǔƫ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ (ƨǫDŽŲ DzǠǻ ƾƳȂƫ ơƿƢŭ) ?Schuhe .Tagesraum-DZơ ȂŴ DžƘȇ Ŀ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ǶŮƢǠǻ ŚȈǤƫ ǹȁƾȇǂȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ śLjŨ .ǶǿƢǤƬƦǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ȏƆ ȁƗ ǹȂǴǐȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƧǂnjǠdzơ ǹƗ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǥǂǠȇ ơƆƾȈƳ Ǟǔȇ ǹƗ ńƛ ƧǁƢNjƛ ǹơȂƯ Ƨƾǟ ƔƢǓƗ ȅǀdzơ ƔȂǔdzơ .ƪǸǐdzơ ǂǘȈLjȇ .ǂǷȋơ ȄȀƬǻơ ǺǷ .Ƥǿǀdzơ ǺǷ ȄǴǣƗ Ǻȇǀdzơ Ƨǂƥȍơȁ ǖȈŬơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ǺǷƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǶȀLjƥȐǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ƢȀǴǯ ƔȆǨǘǼƫ ƔơȂǓȋơ .ǾǻƢǰǷ ǦǬȇ ȆǴȈǴdzơ DžǁƢūơȁ DžǂŪơ śǻǁ ƩȂǏ ǞǸLjȇ ƾȈǠƥ .ǹȂǷƢǼȇȁ ǹȁǂǠƬȇ ǽơǁƗ řǻȋ ǎƼnjdzơ džǨǻ Ȃǿ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ŕƷ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ƪLjdzȁ .ȅǁƢƳ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ ơƆƾȈƳ ǾȈǴƳǁȁ ǽǂȀǛ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǙƢǬȈƬLJȏơ ƾǼǟ ƩơƽȁƾǠǷ ǹĊ ơȂƯ ǖǬǧ ǾƳȂdz ƢƆȀƳȁ DzƦǫ ƧŚƴūơ ńƛ Dzǐȇȁ Ǿƥ DzǸǟƗ ȅǀdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ DzǸǠȇ ȏ Ǿǻƛ .ǾȀƳȁ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ śȇȂǬdzơ ǾȈǯǁȁ ƩƢƥǂǔƥ řǠǧƾȇ ƨȈǻƢǘƦdzƢƥ ƢƆǧȂǨǴǷ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ǺǷ ǖǬǧ DzȈǴǫ 63
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ȆLjǨǼdz DzƬƷơ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ ƢǻƗȁ ǽǂȀǛ ńƛ ȅǂȀǛ ŚƼnjdzƢƥ ƗƾƦȇȁ ǵƢǼȇ Ľ ƆƢƦǻƢƳ DZȂƴƬȇ ǮLjǷƗ śƬƦǯǂdzƢƥ ǾǠǧƽƗ ơƆŚƻƗȁ ǽƽǁȋ ƪǫȂdzơ DZȂǗ ǖǤǓƗ .ƨNjǂǨdzơ ƨƷƢLjǷ ǺǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ DzȈǬƯ Ȃǿ ƆƢưƦǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ĺ śƬǬǐƬǴǷ ǽƢǷƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ȏ ŕƷ řǟ ǽƽƢǠƥƛ DZȁƢƷƗȁ ǾȈǴƳǂƥ .ǂƴūơ DzưǷ ǵƢǼȇȁ řǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢǻƗ ƽơƽDŽȇ ƤǠƬdzơ .ƨNjǂǨdzơ ȄǴǟ ǶLjŪơ Ǧǐǻ ǭơǂƷ Ȑƥ ǞƴǘǓƗ ȅǁƾǬƥ ǶǴLJƗ .ȂǨǣƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ƾƷ ńƛ ƤǠƬǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǞǸąLjȇĄ ǁƢǘǬdzơ ƩȂǏ .Dzǐȇ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ ǁƢǘǬdzơ .ƾȇƾūơ ƨǰLJ ȄǴǟ ǵƢǻƗ řǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ Ǿǻƛ .ǁƢǘǬǴdz ƱȁƽDŽŭơ ǞƦǘdzơ ƪǫȂdzơ Dzǯ ǂǯƿƗ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ǦȈǨƻ ȆǷȂǻ . ȅǁƢƳ Ǿǻƛ – ƾǠƥȁ ƣǂƬǬȇ ƣǂƬǬȇ Ǿǻƛ ƢȀƬdzȂŧ ƢǼǣǂǧƗ Ŗdzơ ƩơǂǗƢǬdzƢƥ ƾLJ ǵȂȈdzơȁ ǁƢǘǬdzơ džǨǻ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƨǬƦǗ Śǣ ƪLjȈdzȁ ơƆƾƳ ǦȈǨƻ ȆǷȂǻ .ơƆƾƥƗ Dzǐȇ ȏ ǾǼǰdzȁ ƢǼLjǿƾȇ ǥȂLJ ƨǜū ƪǜǬȈƬLJơ ƾǫ Ƣǿ .ƨǰLjdzơ ǖƻ Ǻǟ ƾǠƬƥƗ ŕƷƢȀǫDŽǷƗ .ƩƽǁƗ ơƿƛ ƢȀǫDŽǷƗ ǹƗ řǼǰŻ ȏ ǹƢƬǔǸǤǷ ȅƢǼȈǟ DzǷƢǯ Ȇǟȁ Ŀ ƪLjdz ǪƥƢLjdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǖǬǧ ƆƢȈǴǯ džȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ ǹƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ ƨǨǴƬű ƢƆƫơȂǏƗ ǖǬƬdzƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ǵȂǼdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǻơǂǰLJ ƢǸȀǧ ƢǸȀƸƬǧƗ ǺǷ ǵƽƢǫ Ǿǻƛ ȆǬȈǬƷ ŚǨǏ ȆǷȐƷƗ ǁƢǘǫ ƩȂǏ džȈdz ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ ǝȂǸLjŭơ ŚǨǐdzơ DzǏơȂƬǷ ǪȈǸǟ ƩȂǏ ƆƢǔȇƗ DzȈǴdzơ Ŀ ǾȈǧ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȅǀdzơ ǞǼǐŭơ Decauville DzưǷ ƩȂǏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ƧȂǬdzơ ǦǐǼƥ ǒǨƼǼǷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǂƻƕ ƩȂǏ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ŘǠŠ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǵƢǿ ƩȂǐdzơ ơǀǿ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ ǞǘǬƬǷȁ Śǐǫ Ǻǰdzȁ DZȁȋơ ńƛ DZȂŢ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀȁ DzǸǠdzơ Ŀ ƢǼƥơǀǠdz ƢƆǬǧơǂǷ ǽƢǼǠũ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ .ȅȂȈƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾǿƢnjǷ ǺǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǻū ȁƗ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƶƟơȁǁ DzưǷ ƨȈLjǼŭơ ƨȇȁƢŮơ ǺǷ ƾǠǐȇ DŽǷǁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ ǖƦǔdzƢƥ ǶȀǼǷ ǺăǷ Ņ ƢƆƸǓơȁ džȈdz .ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ǒǠƥȁ ŖƻƗ ƾƳȂƫ ƢǼǿ ǁƢŪơ ƨȈLJƢǬdzơ ƨNjǂǨdzơ ƩơȂǏƗ ƨƯȐƯ .ŚǨǐdzơ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƫƗ ƢǻƗ .ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ǶȀǴǯ .ǹȁŚưǯ Ǻǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǎǫƗ ƢǻƗ .řǷ ȃȂǫƗ Ǿǻȋ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ ǹƗ ǥƢƻƗ Ǻǰdzȁ ǾŹǃƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ ȅǀdzơ ƾǠƥȁ ȆǨǻƗ ȄǴǟ řƥǂǓ ȅǀdzơ Ȃƥ Ƣǰdzơ Ǻǟȁ ƨƦǫơǂŭơ Ǻǟȁ .ƢǼǿ ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ȅǀdzơ ǝȂŪơ śƥ ƪȈƦdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ơƆÈƾƳ ƾȈǠLJ ǵƾdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ȆȀƳȁ DzLjǣƗ Ȇǰdz řǴLJǁƗ Ǯdzƿ 64
ƢǼȈdzƢȈdz
!ǎǫƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ Ƕǯ .ƩƢǸǴǰdzƢƥ ƢȀǼǟ ŚƦǠƬdzơ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƨȇƾLjƳ ƧƽƢǠLJ ƔƢǫƾǏȋơ ƢǸȈǧ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ .Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ǹȂdzƢƦǷ ȏ ǶĔƗ Dzƥ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ Ņƛ ǹȂƬǐǼȇ ȏ ǶĔƗ ǚƷȏƗ řǰdzȁ ǭǂƬƫȁ ǵȂǬƫ Ņƛ ǂǜǼƫ ŖƻƗ .ǶȀǼȈƥ ǺǯƗ Ń Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ȃǂƻƗ ǞȈǓơȂǷ Ǻǟ ǶȀǼȈƥ .ƢƆƠȈNj DZȂǬƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǹƢǰŭơ ǵȏƕ ƧƾȈǠƦdzơ ŖdzȂǨǗ ǺǷ ǵȏȉơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ơǀǰǿ ȅƾLjƳ Ŀ ǂnjƬǼȇ Ǿdz ƽȁƾƷ ȏ ǦLJƗ ƱƿƢLJ ŃƗ .ƧŚưǯ ƣǁƢš ȅƿ ƾNjơǁ ǹƢLjǻȍ ƨȈƦǻƢƳ ǵȏƕ ƢȀȈǧ ƪLjȈdz ƾdzȂdz ƨǧȁǂǠǷ řȈǟ ƶƬǧƗ ƢǻƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿȁ ǞǫơȂdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ Ņ Dzǔǧȋơ ǺǷ ǹȂǰƦȇ ƽȏȁȋơ ǾƦƦLjƥ .ǚǬȈƬǷ ƢƆǬƷ řǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ǹȂǯƗ ŕƷ DzǏơȁƗ ƢǻƘǧ ƆƢǜǬȇ ƪƸƦǏƗ řǻƗ ǞǷȁ ƆƢȈǴǠǧ .řȈǟ ƨdzƢƦǫ ƢƆǠǫơȁ DZơǃ ƢǷ ǶǴūơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ƪƠƳ ǹƗ ǀǼǷ ƆƢȇƽƢǟ ƢƆǸǴƷ džȈdz ơǀǿ ǾƦƦLjƥ ǪȈǸǠdzơ ǪǴǬdzƢƥ DžƢLjƷȍơ ƪǐǐǫ řǻƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ƢǻƗ ȆȈǟȁ Dzǰƥ ǹȉơ .ǖǬǧ ƩơŚȈǤƫ ǞǷ .Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ ǾƬǸǴƷ ƢŠǁȁ Ǻȇǂƻƕ ǺȇŚưǯ ǶǴƷȁ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǾǸǴƷ ǹƢǯ ƾǬǧ ŖƠƳƢǨŭȁ ȆǸǴƷ Ǻǟ ȂƫŐdzȋ DžȂƥƢǰdzơ džǨǻ ńƛ ƢǼǠȈŦ DžȂǨǻ Ŀ DZȂƸƬȇ ȆǷȂȈdzơ ƣơǀǠdzơ ơƿƢŭ ơƿƢŭ .ǞȈǸŪơ ǶǴƷ !ǞǸLjȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬǻ ǺŴ ǎǴƼƬǴdz ƨǜǬȈdzơ DzǤƬLJƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻȁ ƩȐǷƘƬdzơȁ ǂǗơȂŬơ Ŀ ǩǂǣƗ ƢǻƗ ȄǴǟ ȆǔǠƥ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǷȂǸǴǷ džǴƳƗ .DzǔǧƗ ǵȂǼdzơ DzǏơȁƗ ŕƷ ǪƥƢLjdzơ ǵȂǼdzơ ǥȂƻ ǺǷ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ƪǐǻƗ ŅȂƷ ǂǜǻƗ ƨNjǂǨdzơ ǶȀǧƢǨNj ǹȂǐǸǐŻ ǹȁŚưǯ ǶǴǰƬȇȁ ƾȀǼƬȇ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƆơŚƼNjȁ ƢƆLjǨǼƫ ǞǸLjǻ .DžǂNj ǶǴƷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǾǸǴŹ ǶǴƷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơǀǿ ǹȂǴǯƘȇ ǶĔƗ ǹȂǸǴŹ ǶȀǯƢǼƷƗ ǹȂǯǂŹȁ
Ŀ .ƣơǀǠdzơ ơǀǿ ƣĈǂƳ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ 6DžȂǴǘǻƢǗ ƩƢƥơǀǟ DZȂƷ ƨȈƳȂdzȂưȈŭơ ƨǐǬdzơ ǦƐdzƗ ǺăǷ ȄǴǟ ȆȀnjdzơ Dzǯȋơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ǾLjŴ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ Dzƥ ƺȈƦǘdzơ ȃǂǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǖǬǧ džȈdz ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ǦƼƬLJơ ƨŮȉơ ƤȈƦƷ ǹƢǯ ȅǀdzơ DžȂǴǘǻƢǗ ƨȈǻƢǻȂȈdzơ ƢȈƳȂdzȂưȈŭơ ǺǷ ƨȈǐƼNj 6 (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) ƾƥȋơ ńƛ NJǘǠdzơȁ ǝȂŪơ ƣơǀǟ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǓǂǧȁ ǽȂƦǫƢǟ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ǶȀǷơǂƬƷƢƥ 65
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .Dzǯȋơ Ŀ ƶƴǼǻ ȏ ǂƻȉ ȁƗ ƤƦLjdz ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǾƬƸƟơǁ Ƕnjǻ ǾǟơȂǻƗ ǶƟƢǫ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ ȃǂƻȋơ DzȈǏƢǨƬdzơ Ǻǟ DzǐǨǼȇ DzȈǐǨƫȁ DzȈǐǨƫ Dzǯȁ ǩDŽǸƬȇ ǶǴūơ ǾȈƦNj Dzǰnjƥ ƨȈǻƢƯ ǁǂǰƬƫ ƨǐǬdzơȁ ƾƷȂƬƫȁ DzȈǏƢǨƬdzơ ƽȂǠƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǽƾƷȂdz .ǾLjǨǻ ǶǴūơ ǶǴŹ ƢǼǷ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǦǫȂƫ Ȑƥ ȃǂƻƗ ƾǠƥ ƨǴȈdz ƆƢǠǷ ǦǴƬűȁ ƣǂǫ ǝȂǓȂŭơ Ȃdzƾdzơ ńƛ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ ǺȇŚưǯ ǹȋ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ƩĈǂǷ ƢĔƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƤŸ ƭȐƯ ȁƗ śƬǟƢLJ Dzǯ .ǁƢǼNjȁ ǁƢǟ śȀǷ ƤȇǀǠƫ .ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǹȁƽȂǠȇȁ DžǁƢūơ Ȇǿ ƢǼǷƢLjƳƗ ńƛ ƢȀǴƻƾǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ Ŗdzơ ƨǴƟƢŮơ DzƟơȂLjdzơ ƨȈǸǯ ǡǂǨǻ ŕƷ ǵȂǬǻ ǹƗ ŕƷȁ ƢǼǸLjƳ ƔƢLjŭơ ŕƷ ƺǨǼȇ ƔƢŭơȁ ǝȂŪƢƥ džŴ ȏ ŕƷ Ƣđǂnjǻ Ŗdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƢƆǨưǰǷ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ ŅƢȈǴdzơ Ŀ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑǂǨȇ ƢȀƳơǂƻƛȁ ƨǿȂnjǷ ƨȈǐƼNj ƢǼȈǘǠȇȁ ƢǼǻƢǨƳƗ .ȄǴǰǴdz ǵƾƼƬLjȇ ǺăǷ ǹƗ ǂƻƕ ǹȂǻƢǫ ǭƢǼǿ .Ȃdzƾdzơ ńƛ DzƴƼŭơ ǁƢLjŭơ Ȃǿ ǖǬǧ ơǀǿ džȈdzȁ Ŀ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǺǷ ƱȁǂŬơ ƵȂǸLjǷ Ǯdzǀdz .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ŀ ǾǣǂǨȇȁ Ƥǿǀȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ȃdzƾdzơ Ƕǫǂdzơ ʼnƾǬƫ ƾǠƥ Ǯdzƿȁ (śȈǴƻơƾdzơ DZơȁǂLjdzơȁ ǎȈǸǬdzơ) ȆǴȈǴdzơ DžƢƦǴdzơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ DzȈǴdzơ ǽƔƢǫƾǏƗ ƔȆLjdzơ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ DžǁƢūơ ǁǂŹ ƧƽƢǟ Ǯdzǀdzȁ DžǁƢƸǴdz ȆǐƼnjdzơ ƔƢǷƾǫ ƾǼǟ ǹƗ ǦȈǔǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ .ƧƾƟơDŽdzơ ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗȁ ǽƽȐƥ ƔƢǼƥƗȁ Ƣȇ ơȂǜƷȐȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ ǶēċǂLJĉ Ɨ Ŀ ǹȂǷƢǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŕƸǧ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƧƽƢƷ DžơȂƷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǹȂǐǴǸƬȇ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǾȈǧ DZȂƦƬdzơ ƩȂǏ ƤLjƷ ƔȄǴƬŻ ǹƗ ǮNjȁ ȄǴǟ Ȃdzƾdzơ ǹƗ ƤƴǠǴdz ǽǀŮ DzƟȐǫ ǹȂƸNjǂǷ ƨǨȇǂǏ Dzǯ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ Ǯdzǀdz ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ƱȁǂŬơ ƤƳơȁ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ DZƾȇ ǖȈLjƥ ƣƢLjƷ .ǂƬdz ŖƠǷ ŅơȂƷ ƢȀƦǏ ƤŸ Ŗdzơ ƩơǂƬǴdzơ ƨȈǸǯ ǺǷȁ ƨǸȀŭơ :ǞǗƢǬdzơ ƱƢƬǼƬLJȏơ ǶǰȈdzƛȁ .ƧǂǷ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ŅơȂƷ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ Ȃdzƾdzơ Ʊơǂƻƛ ƤŸ ǹȂǰǻ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ ƨȇƗ ƢǻƾǼǟ ƪLjȈdz Ǻȇǀdzơ ƨƥǂƴƬdzơ ȂǴȈǴǫ ǺŴ ƢǼǻƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷȍơ ƤǴǣƗ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ ǁƢȈăƻ ȅƗ ƢǼȇƾdz džȈdz ƨǴȈdz Dzǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǸȀŭƢƥ ǵȂǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǾƬȇȁơǃ ǺǷ ƧƘƴǧ DŽǨǬȇ DžǁƢūơ .ƢǼƬǸȀǷ Ȇǿ ǮǴƫ ǹƗ ƨǠǗƢǫ ƨǧǂǠŠ DzǘLjdzơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬǻ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢǼƳǂź DzǘLjdzơȁ ƣƢǬƦǬdzơ ƢǼȈǘǠȇȁ ȆǐƼnjdzơ Ƕǫǂdzơ DzƴLjȇȁ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǒƦǬȇ ńƛ ǵȏȉơ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƥǿǀǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƽŐdzơ ǺǷ Ǧšǂǻȁ ǹȂǻƢLjǠǻ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƲǴưdzơ ńƛ 66
ƢǼȈdzƢȈdz
ƢǼǴƳǁƗ ȄǴǟ DzȈLjȇ DzƟƢLjdzơ DzǠŸ ƢŲ Ȅǐǫȋơ ƾūơ ŕƷ ƔȆǴǷ DzǘLjdzơ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǑƢƷǂŭơ DzǔǨŭơ ǺǸǧ ƨȇƢǤǴdz Ść ǬƷ DzǸǠdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ ǞǷȁ .DzǘLjǴdz ƧĊ ǃơDŽƬǿơ Dzǯ ǞǷ ƨȈǧƢūơ .ƧŚƴūơ Ŀ ǾǴȈǷDŽdz ǾǯǂƬȇ ȏȁ Ǿƥ ǵȂǬȇ ǹƗ ǎƼnjǴdz ȃǂƻƗ ǁȂǏ ǞǷ ǹƢůƾǼȇ ƪȈƦdzơ ƨǐǫ ǶǴƷȁ DžȂǴǘǻƢǗ ǶǴƷ ŅƢȈǴdzơ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǂŤ ơǀǰǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǵơƾǠǻơȁ ǥȂŬơ ƤǠƬdzơ ƽŐdzơ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ǝȂŪơ -ǵȂȈdzơ ƣơǀǟ ǞǷ ƨǨǴƬű ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǪȇƢǔƫ ƨǘǣƢǓ džȈƥơȂǯ ńƛ ŅƢȈǴdzơ Ŀ DZȂƸƬȇ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ Śǣ ƨǤǴƥ ƾƷƗ Ǿƥ ǪǟDŽȇ ǂǷƗ Dzǯ Ɣơǃƛ ǞǴŮơ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƨǬȈǫƽ Dzǯ Ŀ .ȄĈǸū ƌ Ƣƥ ƢƆƥƢǐǷ ƨȇDŽǷǁ ƧŚLjǷ ńƛ DZȂƸƬȇ ƤnjŬơ ȄǴǟ ǪƦdzơ DzƬǫ ƩȂǏ DzǘLjdzơ ƧŚLjǷ .ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ǁƢǤǏ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǼȈǗ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǴƦƳ ƢŶƘǯ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǾƦnjǻ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹȂȇƽƢǷǂdzơ ǺŴȁ ȃǂƻƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ǹȁŚưǯ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŝ ƾƷơȂdzơ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ DzǸǼdzƢǯ ǁƢǤǏ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ńƛ DZȂƸƬǻ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ǂƸƦdzơ ƔȆǗƢNj ȄǴǟ ȅǀdzơ DzǷǂdzƢǯ ƢǻƽơƾǠƫ ƢǼLJȁƙǁ .ƨȇƢĔ Ȑƥȁ ƨȇơƾƥ Ȑƥ ƧǂƟơƽ Ŀ ŚLjǻ ǹȂǫȂǼű ǥȂŬƢƥ ƨǻȂƸnjǷ ƨǴƬǯ ƾƷȂǷ ƢǻƾȈǠȇ ǹƗ ńƛ .ƢǼǫƢǼǟƗ ŕƷ Dzǐȇ ȅǀdzơ ǥǂǬdzơ ǺǷ ǂŞ ǖLJȁ ƧƘǨǘǷ ƢǼǻȂȈǟȁ ƨƼƟơƽ ƢǼǜǫȂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂdzơ ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ńƛ ƢǻƾȈǠȇ DZȂƦdzƢƥ ƔȆǴŭơ DzǘLjdzơ ȁƗ ƽŐdzơ ȁƗ ǝȂŪơ Ǻǟ ǽƾǠƦǻ ǹƗȁ ǾLjLJƌƗ ńƛ ǶǴūơ ǮǰǨǻ ǹƗ ƢƆưƦǟ DZȁƢŴ ǺŴ džȈƥơȂǰdzơȁ ƔȆLjdzơ ǁȂǠnjdzơ ǹƗ džŴ ƾȇƾƳ ǺǷȁ ƢǼǼȈǟƗ ǒǸǤǻ ǖǬǧ .ƨƠȈLJ ǵȐƷƗ ǹȁƾƥ śƷƢƫǂǷ ǵƢǼǻ ŕƷ ƢǼƥȂǴǫ ƗƾƦȇ ƤǠƫ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƆƢƷƢȈƫǁơ ƾŸ ȏȁ ǂƴǨƬȇ ƢǼǴǬǟ .ƢǼƫƽơǁƛ ƾǓ ƢǼǷ ƣǂē ƢǻǁƢǰǧƗ ȄǴǟ Őǣȋơ ƣƢƦǔdzơ Ŀ ƢǿDŽȀȇȁ ƢǿǁȂǐȇ ƨǨȈƼŭơ ǃȂǷǂdzơȁ ƨƦȈǿǂdzơ Ƶơȁǁȋơ ƱƢƬǻƜƥ .ƢǼǷȐƷƗ ƨNjƢNj džȈƥơȂǰdzơȁ ƤȈǿǂdzơ ǵȂǼdzơȁ ǵȐƷȋơȁ ƩƢƦǴǬƬdzơ Dzǯ ǞǷ – DzȈǴdzơ ƩƢǟƢLJ Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ ǺǸŵ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ƨƦȈƴǠdzơ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ƢǼȇƾdz ƨǜǬȈdzơ ƨǜū ǂǜƬǼǻȁ ƽƢǏǂŭƢƥ ǦǬǻ ǺŴ – ƨƦǟǂŭơ Dzǐǧ ǺǷ ŚǤƬƫ ƨǜǬȈdzơ ƨǟƢLJ .ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƨǫƾƥ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ǃƢȀƳ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǽǀǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ DžǂŪơ ǹǂȇ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ǂƴǨdzơ ǝȂǴǗ DzƦǫ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƢȀǼǰdzȁ ǂƻƕ ńƛ ƔȆǨǘȇ ǾƬLJơǂƷ ƔƢĔȍ ǾƫơŚǔƸƬƥ ǵȂǬȇ ƨǨȇǂǏ Dzǯ Ŀ ȆǴȈǴdzơ DžǁƢūơȁ .Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǂǷȋơ ǹȂǰȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ !ƢƆǷƢȈǫ Aufstehen ȆǷȂȈdzơ ǂǷȋơ ǺǴǠȇȁ ǾLjǨǻ ǖnjǼȇ ǁơȂǻȋơ . Wstawaü ƨȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ƨǤǴdzƢƥ ƧŚƦǯ ƧƢǻƢǠǷ ƨǜū ǽǀǿ . Wstawaü ǝƢũ ƾǼǟ śǸƟƢǻ ơȂdzơǃ ƢǷ DzƟȐǫ ǖǬǧ ȏȁ Ǯdzƿ ǥǂǠȇ DžǁƢūơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƢƆǬȈǸǟ ǹƢǯ ƢǸȀǷ ǵȂǼdzơ ƽƾƦƬȇ ƢđơǂƬǫơ ǞǷ ǾǻƗ ŕƷ ƆơƾƳ DZDŽǼȈLJ Wstawaü DZơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ǦǘǴƥ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǺǴǠȇ ƉDZƢǟ Ʃ Ċ Ȃǐƥ ǺǴǠȇ .ƽƽǂƫ ǹȁƾƥ ǹȂǔȀǼȇ ǥȂLJ Dzǰdzơȁ ƨƬǐǼǷ ǹơƿƕ ȄǴǟ řƦǷ ȆŷȂdzơ ƾLjdzơ "!ƢƆǷƢȈǫ" ƢǼLJȂǨǻ ǩƢǸǟƗ Dzƻơƽ ńƛ ǂƴūƢǯ ǖǬLjƫ ƨƦȇǂǤdzơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ -ǥȁƢƼŭơ DzLjǴLjǷ ǞǫơȂdzơ ńƛ DzȈǴdzơ ǺǷ ƣǂŮơ ǦȈǨŬơ ǵȂǼdzơ ƧǁƢƷ ƩƢȈǻƢǘƥ ǺǷ Ǻǟ Ǿƥ Ǟǧơƾǻ ƢǷ ȏȁ Ƨơǂǟ ƧƔƢLJƛ Dzǰdz śǧȂnjǰǷ ǚǬȈƬLjǻ ǺŴ .ƢƆǫDŽǷ ǂƴǨƬȇ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ƽǂƥ .ǾƬȇƢĔ DzȈƼƬǻ ȏ ƮȈŞ ơƆƾƳ DzȇȂǗ ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ǵƢȇȋƢƥ ǾȈƦNj ǂƻƕ ǵȂȇ ƗƾƦȇ ƢǼLjǨǻƗ ǺǷ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ǾƬȇƢĔȁ ǾƬȇơƾƥ śƥ ǹƢǫǂǤȇ ƾȇƾNj ƤǠƫȁ ǝȂƳ ǵƢǜǠdzơ ńƛ DzǤǴǤƬȇ ǍǁƢǫ ǹƗ ƶȈƸǏ .ǖǬǧ Ȇǿ Ƣǿƾȇǂǻ ǹƗȁ ƔơƽȂLjdzơ DŽƦŬơ ƨǠǘǬƥ ǖǬǧ ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ Dzǔǧȋơ ȅǀdzơ ǮǴƌŭơ ǹȂǰȇ ǾǠǴƬƦǻ ŕƷ ǪƟƢǫƽ džŨ ƾǠƥ ƢǼȇƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂǰȈLJ Ǻǰdzȁ ŚǤǏ ǦȈǣǂdzơ !ǾǯȐƬǷƢƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ śǻơȂǫ ƢǼdz ƶǸLjƫ ǕƢnjǼƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ řǯƢLJ Dzǯ .ƨǨǏƢǠdzơ ǂƴǨǼƫ Wstawaü ǝƢũ ǞǷ ǑơǂǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ DzǨLJƗ ńƛ DZDŽǼȇȁ ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ ǪǴLjƬȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ .ǒǠƥ ǞǷ ǵȂǸŰ ǹȂȈǠƥ ǾLjƥȐǷ ȄǴǟ Dzǯ ƨǜǧƢƄơ ǞǷ džƦǴǻ ǹƗ DZȁƢŴ ƪǫȂdzơ džǨǻ Ŀȁ ƵƢƦǐdzơ ńƛȁ ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǠȇǂLjdzơ ƨȈƥƢƦǓ ƨȇƙǂdzơȁ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ǁƢƦǤdzơ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǪȈǓ ǁƢLjǷ Ŀ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ ǹȂǬnjȇ ǁȁƾdzơ Ŀ śǨǫơȂdzơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ DzƦǫ DZȂǏȂǴdz ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǞǷ ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼǻȁƽǂǘȇȁ ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ Ǻǟ ǹȂdzȁƚLjŭơ ƔȆŸ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ƨnjǧơƾŠȁ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ .ƩƢƥǂǓȁ ƹơǂǏ ȆƟơǀƷ DzǠƬǻƗȁ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ǑǁƗ ńƛ DZDŽǻƗ Ŗţ ƤȈƫǂƫȁ ȆLjƥȐǷ Ɣơƾƫǁơ ȆĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƗƾƦȇ ƾȇƾƳ ǵȂȇ . ƶƬǨǼƫ śǴƳǂdzơ Ŀ Ŗdzơ ƵơǂŪơ
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DzǸǠdzơ ƪǯƢLJ Ǿũơ ǥǂǠȇ Ń ňȂdzȂƥ ȅƽȂȀȇ ƣǂǬƥ ǞƴǘǓơ ǮȈǻȁǁ ƔƢƳ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ǾƬǬȇƢǓ Ǯdzǀǯ .Ǒǂŭ ƨȀȇǂǯ ƨƸƟơǁ ǹƢưǠƦȇ ǾȈǯǁȁ Ŀ ǹƢǠnjƥ ǹƢƷǂĄƳ ƣƽƚǷȁ Ŀ ƩơǂǷ ǂnjǟ ȁƗ ňƢť řǜǬȇƗȁ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǵƢǫ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .DZȂƦdzơ ƨƦǴǟ ƨƸƟơǁ .ƨǴȈǴdzơ Ǧǐǻ .ȄǨnjƬLjŭơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿȁ Ǿdz ƢǸȀǜǨƷƗ Ȇǰdz ǺȇǃƢǨǫ ňƢǘǟƗ ƔƢLjǷ Ʃơƿȁ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȆǷȂǻ ƨȇȁơǃ Ŀ ȅƾƷȁ ƪȈǬƥ řǻƗ DZȁƚLjŭơ ȄLjǼȇ ǹƗ Ʃ Ą ǂǜƬǻơ ƨǟƢLJ ǂŧƗȁ ƨǷƢǬdzơ DzȇȂǗ ƣƢNjȁ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ƪǟDŽǟDŽƫ ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƜƥ ǂnjƦȇ DžǂŪơ śǻǁ Ǟũ .ȆLjǻơǁȁ ǺǷ ƢƆȈLjǻǂǧ ǹƢǯ ƾǬǧ ǾǸǫǁ ƤLjƷȁ .ĺǂǬƥ ǞƴǘǓơȁ ƾǠǏ ǂǠnjdzơ ƩơǀdzƢƥȁ .ǵȂǼǴdz ƲǟDŽǷ ǂǷȋơ .ƧƢLJƘǷ ǹƢǯ ƨǷƢǬdzơ DzȇȂǗ ǂȇǂLjdzơ Ŀ ňƢưdzơ Ǯȇǂnjdzơ ǵȂǼdzơ ƢǸȀǼǰŻ ȏ ǹȐȇȂǗ ǹƢǼƯơȁ .Śǐǫ řǻȋ ƨǷƢǬdzơ ȆǴȇȂǗ ƢƆǏƢƼNjƗ ǹȂưǠƦȇ ơȂǻƢǯ Ņ ƣƽƚǷȁ ǵȐǰdzơ DzȈǴǫ .ơƆƾƥƗ ƆƢƠȈLJ ƢƆǬȈǧǁ džȈdz ǮȈǻȁǁ ǹƗ Ņ śƦƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆǠǷ ǦǘǴƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽȁ ƨǴȈǴdzơ Ŀ ƩơǂǷ ƭȐƯ ȁƗ śƫǂǷ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ǵȂǬȇ ǂƼnjȇ ȏȁ ǦȈǜǻ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƤǠƬǷȁ ƾǬǠǷ DzǸǟ) ƨNjǂǨdzơ ȅȂǘȇ ǹƘƥ ǝȂǘƫ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ .ƾȇƾNj ȄǸLjĄȇ ƢǷ DZȂǏȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨNjǂǨdzơ ȅȂǘȇ ȏ ǺăǷ Ǿǻȋ ƆơƾƳ DZȁƚLjǷ ƧǁȂǐƥ Ǯdzƿ DzǸǟȁ (ƧȂLjǬƥ ƤǫƢǠȇ Bettenbauer schlechteDZƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ƨƷƢƥ Ŀ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ƪǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨƦȈǗ ƧƘƳƢǨǷ ǹƢǯ Ǯdzǀdz .ƨǟǂLjƥȁ ƧƾďȈƳ .ƢǼǐź ȅǀdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ńƛ Ƕǔǻơ ǾǻƗ ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ ƢǼǿȁ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ƢǼƯƽƢŢ ƲǴưdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨȈdzƢǠdzơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬdzƢƥ ȆnjŶ ǺŴȁ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ Ȃǿ ǮȈǻȁǁ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ ƩǂǷ Ŗdzơ ƤƟƢǐŭơ Dzǯ DZȂƷ řƯƾƷ .śLjŨ Ǻƥơ ȁƗ Ƨǂnjǟ ǞƦLJ Ǻƥơ ȁƾƦȇ ƢǼǿ ƨȈLJƢǫ ƨȈƟDŽƳ ƨǐǫ ǽǀǿ ƪǻƢǯ ƢƆǠƦǗ .ǖƦǔdzƢƥ ƭƾƷ ƢǷ ƪǫȂdzơ ǞǷ ƪȈLjǻ ƾǫȁ ǾȈǴǟ 69
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƧƾƷơȂdzơ ƨǨǴƬű ǎǐǫ ǎǐǬdzơ ǥȂdzƗ ƩƢƠǷ .ƢǼƦƟƢǐǷ ǎǐǫ Dzǯ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧǂƯƚǷȁ ƾƷơȂdzơ ƢȀǐǬȇ ƩƢȈLjǷȋơ Ŀ Dž Ɖ ƖǷ .ȄLJȋơȁ ƣơǀǠdzƢƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƢȀǴǯ Ǻǰdzȁ ȃǂƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƲȇȁǂǼdzơ Ŀ -ƨǨǴƬű ǹơƾǴƥ Ŀ ȃǂƳȁ ǹȂǨǴƬű DžƢǻƗ Ǿƥ ǂċ Ƿ ȅǀdzơ ƣơǀǠdzơ ǎǫ ǾǴȈǷDŽdz ƧơǁȂƬdzơ ǎǐǫ DzưǷ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ƨǘȈLjƥ ǎǐǫ .ƢȈǻơǂǯȁƗ Ŀȁ ǂƟơDŽŪơ Ŀ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ ƾȇƾŪơ ƾȀǠdzơ ǺǷ ǎǐǫ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȇǿ ƢŠǁȁ ƨŻƾǬdzơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƨƷƢƥ Eisenröhreplatz ńƛ ƢǻȂƦǴƳ DzǸǠdzơ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǎƸǧ ȂƥƢǰdzơ .ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯ ǁȂǷȋơ ƩǂƳ ǭƢǼǿ .ƿȏȂǨdzơ ǺǷ ƤȈƥƢǻƗ ǡǂǨǻ ƢǼǸōǴLJ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ .ǵȂȈdzơ DzǸǠǻ ơƿƢǷ ňƾŭơ "ǂƬLjŭơ" ǞǷ ǪċLjǻȁ ǁȂǷȋơ .DzǸǠdzơ Ʃȏƕ ǹDŽű Ŀ ǹǂǨdzơ ƣǂǫ ǵƢǼȈdz Ƥǿƿȁ -DzǸǠdzơ ǂȇƾǷ – VorarbeiterDZ ǾǼǷ ǀƻƚƫ ǹƗ ǥƢź ȏ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƆƢȇƽȂȀȇ džȈdz Ǿǻȋ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ńƛ Dzƻƾȇ ȏ ȂƥƢǰdzơ ơǀǿ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂƴǨǻơ .ǾǼǷ śƥǂǬǸǴdz ƩơŐǰǷȁ ƨȈdzƢǟ ƩƢNjǂǧ ǞȈǸƴǴdz ǝǃȁ DzǸǠdzơ ǂȇƾǷ .ƨǨȈǛȂdzơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƪǴǐƷ Ŗdzơ ƢǐǠdzƢǧ ǵȂȈdzơ ƢƆƠȈLJ ȆǜƷ ǹƢǯȁ ƨǨƻ Dzǫȋơ ƢǐǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ǝơǂǐdzơ ǹƗ ƢƆǷDŽǴǷ ƪǼǯ řǻƗ ǥǂǟƗȁ ƆƢǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ǂnjǟ ƨLjŨ ǺǷ DzǫƗ ȏ ǹDŽƫȁ ƔƢƳȂǟ ƪǻƢǯ ǺǷ śƬȈǷ ƢǼǯ ƨǟƢLJ Ǧǐǻ ƾǠƥȁ ƆƢƠȈNj DzŧƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƤƷǂdzơ ƔƢǔǨdzơ Ŀ ƢȀǠǧǁƗ .ƤǠƬdzơ ǹƢǯ ƧȂǘƻ Dzǯ ǞǷ .ƣȁǀȇ ȅǀdzơ ƲǴưdzơ Ŀ ƱǂǠǻ . ǽƢǐǟȁ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ .ǩǂǨƬǻ ȏ .ơƆƾƥƗ ǂǬƬLjǷ Śǣ Ȇnjŭơ ƶƦǐȇ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ DzƷȂdzơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƢǼƥƢǠǯƘƥ ƲǴưdzơ ǪǴǠȇ ǹƗ džŴ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǺǷ śƫƽǂǨdzơ ȃƾƷƛ ƪǴǨƫ ŕƷ ƨƦȈǐŭơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ ǎǴƼƬdzơ ǺǰŻ .ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ǺǷ ǂǐǫƗ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴą ǁƎ ƧǁȂLJƢŭơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ džƷƗ .ƨǫȐǸǟ ƾȇƾƷ ƧǁȂLJƢǷ ƧǁƢȈLjdzơ ǺǷ DZDŽąǼǻĄ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǵȂȈdzơ DzǔǨŭơ ǺǷ ƢǼdz .ǹƢǼǗƗ Ƨǂnjǟ ńƛ ƨLjŨ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢĔǃȁȁ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǯ ƩƢȈǔƬǬŭ Ȇǿ ǶLjǬǼȇ ǹǃȂdzơ ƨǗƢLjƦƥ .ƧŚƦǯ ƩơDŽȈȀš Ǟǘǫ ǞǷ DzǸǠdzơ ǂưǯƗ DzȀLjdzơ ǺǷ ǹȋ ơǀǰǿ .ƨǸȀŭƢƥ ǵƢȈǬǴdz ƨƦLJƢǼǷ DzǸǟ ƩơȁƽƗ ƢǼǻȂǘǠȇ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƉȁƢLjƬǷ Dzǰnjƥ ǎƼNj Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨȈǻƢưdz ƩȂȀLJ ơƿƛȁ DZƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ DzLjǰdzơ ǝȂǼŲȁ ƨȇƢǤǴdz Śǘƻ DzǸǟ ơǀǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǹȂǠǬȇȁ ǹȂǴnjǨȇ DZƢƳǂdzơȁ ǹǃơȂƬdzơ ƾǬǨƫ ƾǬǧ 70
DzǸǠdzơ
ǶȀƴƬŭơ ňȂdzȂƦdzơ ǶǫƢǘdzơ džȈƟǁ ǾLjǨǼƥ ȆǴǣȂǻ ǂƬLjǷ NJƬǨŭơ ǢȇǂǨƬdzơ DzǸǟ Ƥǫơǂȇ ȆǴǣȂǻ ƾȈLjdzơȁ Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹȉơ ƨǟȂǓȂǷ ƧǁȂLJƢŭơ .ǚǨdzơȁ ƩȂǰċLjdzơ . Bohlen holen:DZȂǬȇ ƢƆǼǰŲ ƶƦǐȇ Ȇǰdz "ŀDŽƬdzơ ŚLJơȂǷ ƤǴƳ ƤŸ" :ǾǷȐǯ ŘǠǷ .ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƣȁǀȇ ƢǼƦǴǫ ńƛ ŚLJơȂŭơ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ȆǐǠdzƢƥ ǾȈǴǟ Ǟǧƾǻ Ȇǰdz ƩƢǠǬǼƬLjŭơ ǑǁƗ ȄǴǟ ǁƢLjǷ ƤȈǯǂƫ Ȃǿ ƢĔǃȁ !ƢƆǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ƨȈǻƢť ǹDŽƫȁ Ǒǁȋơ Ŀ ƨLJȁǂǤǷ ŀDŽƬdzơ ŚLJơȂǷ .ǞǼǐŭơ Dzƻơƽ ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ƩƢǟƢLJ Ƨƾǟ ƢȀǴŧ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ ƔƢȇȂǫȋơ .ǾǴǸŴ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ȅǀdzơ DzǬƯȋơ ǹǃȂdzơ ǵƢǜǟ ȄǴǟ ǖǤǔȇ DząǸū ĉ ơ .ƨǟDŽǨǷ ƧƢǻƢǠǷ ňƢǟƗ ƢǻƗȁ ȆǨƬǯ Ńƚȇ ƢȀǴǬƯ .ƢƆƳơȁǃƗ ơȂǴǸǟ ǹƗ ƾǠƬLjǷ ƢǻƗ .ƾȀŪơ ƧƾNj ǺǷ ȄǸǟƗ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫȁ ljǂǗƗ ƢǻƗ DZȁȋơ DzǸūơ ƾǠƥȁ ǦƬǰdzơ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷ DząǸū Ċ ơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬdzơ DzȈƦLJ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ ǧƢLJ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ DzǸǟƗ DzȇȂǗ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƆƢȇȂǫ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴǁ ȁƾƦȇ ȅǀdzơ ǮȈǻȁǁ ǞǷ ƢƆǰȇǂNj ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ ǹƗ ǁȂǷȋơ ǪǘǼǷ ǺǷ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǾȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ ǞǬȈLJ ŐǯƗ ƢƆǻǃȁ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƨǷƢǬdzơ ȆǷƢǷƗ ƽȂǠȇ ȏ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ .ǾǴưǷ ƢƆȇȂǫ ǂƻƕ ƢƆǰȇǂNj ǁƢƬźȁ ǁƢǬƬƷƢƥ řǔǧǂȇ ǥȂLJ ǮȈǻȁǁ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ DZȂǗƗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ǞǰLjƫƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǑƢƷǂŭơ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀdzơ ƤǴǗƗ ǹƗ ȏƐ ƛ řǻȂƥǂǔȇ ƆȏƢƷ řǻȁƾŸ ǥȂLJ ǶĔƗ ȆǸǴǟ ǞǷ ƢǷ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ƔœƬƻƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ ơǀǿ ǺǷ DzǔǧƗ ȅǂǜǻ Ŀ ƔȆNj Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƨȇǂƼLjdzơȁ ǁƢǬƬƷȏơ ǖŰ řǻȂǴǠŸȁ DząǸū ĉ ơ Ǟǧǂȇ Ȃǿ :Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ǪǧơȂȇ ǮȈǻȁǁ ƨƦȈƴǟ ƨȇƗ ơȁǂǜǻơ Ǻǰdzȁ .DzǸǠdzơ ƗƾƦǻȁ ǾƬŢ DZDŽǼȇ ǹƗ DZȁƢŹ ňƢưdzơ ǥǂǘdzơ Ǟǧǂȇ ŘǸȈdzơ ȆǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ Ǫǧǂƥ ǾǠǔȇ ǽƾƷȁ .ŚLjdzƢƥ ǂưǯƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ ƪLjdz řǻƗ džƷƗ ƧȂǘƻ Dzǯ ǞǷȁ ƲǴưdzơȁ DzƷȂdzƢƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƧǁȂLJƢŭơ ƨǜū Dzǯ Ŀȁ ƨNjƢǸǰƥ ƨǯȂLjŲ Ȇǿ ƢŶƘǯ ƨǟȂƳȂǷ ǦƬǰdzơ ǹȐnjǨƫ ǹƢƬƦǯǂdzơ DzƷȂdzơ ȆǴǠǻ ǞǴƬƦȇ DzƷȂdzơ ǹƗ džƷƗ ƧȂǘƻ Dzǯ ǞǷ .ǹǃơȂƬdzơ ƾǬǧƗ řǻƗ džƷƗ ƧȂǘƻȁ ǾǻƗ ǥȁǂǠǷ ŖǨNj ȄǴǟ ǖǤǓƗ ȅƽƢƷƗ ǹȂǴƥ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ ȌŻȁ ƨƷƢLjǷ Dzǯ ȆǘǤȇ ňȂdzȂƦdzơ ƾȇƾnjdzơ Ńȋơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬǴdz ȃȂǬdzơ ƨȈǬƥ ƾȈǼš ǺǰŲ ȅȂǻƢưdzơ ǦȈǨŬơ Ńȋơ ƧƾǟƢLjŠ ǭƢǼǿ Ǻǰdzȁ ňơȂȈƷ ǦǼǟ ǺǷ ƢƆǫȐǘǻơ ƢǼǻȂƥǂǔȇ ǶȀǔǠƥȁ Ǯdzƿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗ 71
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
DząǸƷĉ ƪŢ ǖǬLjǻ ǥȂLJ DzȈǴǫ ƾǠƥ ƢǼǻƗ ǹȁǂǠnjȇ Ƕǿ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƤŞ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǼƥǂǔȇ ǺăǷ ǞǷ ƩƢƥǂǠdzơ ȂǬƟƢLJ DzǷƢǠƬȇ ƢǸǯ ƨȇȂǬƫȁ ǞȈƴnjƫ ǵȐǯ ƢǼdz ǹȂdzȂǬȇ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ǞǷ .ǵȏȉơ .ƩƢƥǂǠdzơ ǂš Ŗdzơ DZȂȈŬơ ňƢǰǷ Ŀ ȄǬƥƗ ƢǻƗȁ .Ǒǁȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ƨǧƢǨǴdzƢƥ ǥǀǬǻ .ƢǼǧƾǿ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ Ńȋơ ǦǫȂƬƥ ǁȂȀƦǷ ȆǴǯ .śƬǨȈǠǓ Ǻȇƾȇȁ ǂǣƢǧ Ƕǧȁ śƬƬǿƢƥ śǼȈǟ ǞǷ ƆơƾǷƢƳ DzǤƬLJƗȁ DzǸǠǴdz ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ňŐš ƨǜǧ ƨǠǧƽ ǁƢǜƬǻơ Ŀ DžơȂƸǴdz ǦǠǓ ǞǷ ƔȆƳƢǨŭơ .NJǠƬǻƗ ŕƷ ƨǜū Dzǯ Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǫ ƔǖƦƥ ŀDŽƬdzơ ƩƢǧƢǨdz ńƛ ƽȂǠǻ .ȅǀƼǧ džŻ ǮȈǻǃǁ ňȂnjǧƾȇ Ń .DzǸĉūơ ǶȀǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǸŹ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ƘǗƢƦƬǻ ǹƗ DZȁƢŴ ȃǂƻƗ ƱơȁǃƗ ǁȁƾƫ ǭƢǼǿ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨdzȂȀLJ ǂưǯƗ ƨLjƥƢȇ ƨƸǨǐdzơ ǽǀǿ .Allons, petit, attrape7
.ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬdzơ ǾǼǷ ƤǴǗƗȁ DzǸǠdzơ ǂȇƾǷ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǫƘLJ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƧǂǨLjdzơ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ƵȂǸLjǷ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ƧǂǷ Ǯdzǀdz .ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ơƆƾƳ ƧƾȈǠƥ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ǹƗ ǹƢǰŭơ ƨȈǴǔǧƗ Ǻǟ ƤȈǤǻ ǹƗ ƢǼdz ƵȂǸLjǷ ǺŴ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ƧǂǷ .ƢƆȈƦLjǻ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ƤȈǤƬǻ ǹƢſƢǧ Ņ ơȂǸǓ ơƆƾȈƷȁ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬdzơ ǝȂǼŲ Ǿǻȋȁ .ƢƆȈƦLjǻ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ƢƆǼǷǃ DzǤnjdzơ Scheissbegleiter ƨǨȈǛȁ ǾǬƫƢǟ ȄǴǟ ȆǬdzƗ .ƶƳƢǼdzơ Śǣ ƨǟȂǸĐơ Ŀ ǦǠǓȋơ (Ǿdz DžƢLJƗ ȏ ǥȂƻ) ȏƆ ȁƚLjǷ ǹƢſƢǧ ǹȂǰȇ śȈǠƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǶǰŞȁ .ǒȈƷơǂŭơ ńƛ Ǫǧơǂŭơ .ǭƢǼǿ ŚƦǯ ǂƻƘƫ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ƤLJƢŹ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ƣǂǿ ƨdzȁƢŰ Dzǯ Ǻǟ ȅƽƢǷǂdzơ ƲǴưdzơ Ŀ Ǯdzǀǯȁ DzƷȂdzơ Ŀ ǖďƦdzƗ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ńƛ ƱǂƻƗ ƢǻƗȁ DzƎƦǫƌ œǴǗ ƮȈƷ ǾǠǷ Ʈȇƾūơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ȏ .ȆǠǷ ŚLjȇ ƨǷƢǬdzơ Śǐǫ ǹƢſƢǧ ƧƽǂĉŬơ śƥ ǁǀǬdzơ ŚƦƻȁ ǶǴǠǷ ȂȀǧ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ĺơǁ ǾǻƗ Ņ ơȂdzƢǫ ǽƙƢǫƾǏƗ ƨǯǂƬnjǷ ƨǤdz ƢǼǼȈƥ ƪLjȈdz Dzǰƥ ǺǰŻȁ ƤȈƦǘǯ ƧǂȀNj Ǿdz ƢȈLjƬȈdzƢǣ Ŀ ǽƽȐƥ Ŀ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƧơǁȂƬdzơ Ŀ DzǸǠȇ ǹƗ ƶƳƢǻ Ȃǿȁ ƩȂǰLJȁ NJǿ džǘǧƗ .ǽơǂƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǯdzƿ Ǫȇƾǐƫ ƾȈǯƘƫ
.ǮLjǷơȁ DzȀǯ Ƣȇ ǵƾǬƫ ǽƢǼǠǷ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ œǠNj DzưǷ 7 72
DzǸǠdzơ
ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ Ȃǿȁ ƨǠƟơǁ ƨȇȂȈƷ Ǟnjƫ Ǿƫǂǜǻ .ƩȂŻ ȁƗ ǑǂŻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ śƬǼLJ Ȃǿ ȅǀdzơ ȅƾǻƢǷ ǞǷ ƨȇŐǠdzƢƥȁ NJȇƾȇȏƢƥ ƽȂǸǴƬdzơ ǺǷ ǞȈǓơȂǷ DZȂƷ ƨǴǷƢǯ ƩƢȈLjǷƗ .ǂǏƢǠǷ ĺơǁ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾǠƥ ǹƢŭȋơ ǶǬȇ Ń ƨƬǫƚǷ Ȇǿ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ .ƨƬǷƢǏȁ ƨƟƽƢǿ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ȇǿ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Nur für Polen, ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ǪǗƢǼŭơ śƥ DzǐǨǴdz ƢŮ ƤnjŬơ ǺǷ ǥȂǬLJ ƨǷƢǫƜƥ 8
.Nur für Engländer, Nur für Ukrainische Frauen
Ŀ .ǢǼǴƬǧƢȀǴdz ǖǬǧ Nur für Häftlinge ƢǷ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟȁ ƆƢǷƾǫ ơǀǰǿȁ ȄǴǟ DzȀǯ ȆLJȁǁ DzǷƢǟ ǢǼǴƬǧƢǿ ƨǠƥǁƗ džǴŸ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ ƾƷơȂdzơ Dzƻơƾdzơ ŚƦǯ p ǥǂƷ ǽǁƾǏȁ ǽǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ ňȂdzȂƥ ƣƢNj ost ǥȁǂūơȁ ǩǁǃƗ ǖȇǂNj ǾǸǯ ȆǯƢǯ džƥȐǷ džƦǴȇ Ǟnjƥ Dzǰnjƥ ǩȂǴŰ ǾȀƳȁ ȅDŽȈǴųƛ ƣǂƷ ŚLJƗȁ ǒȈƥƗ ǹȂǴƥ ȄǴǟ (ƣǂƷ ŚLJƗ – KG (Kriegsgefangener ƨǷȐǟ ȅȂǰǷȁ ǦȈǜǻ ƧŐǻ ȅƿ ƩȂǐƥ ǾdzƘLjȇ ļƘȇ ǺăǷ Dzǯȁ ƣƢƦdzơ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫơȁ džǷƢŬơ ǢǼǴƬǨdzơ ǽǂȀǛ ȆLjǻǂǧ ƪǻƗ Dzǿ Etes-vous français:ƧƢǻƘƥȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ǹƗ ƨǷȐǟ ǂȀƌǜdzơ ƨƥǁȂNj ƤǴš Ŗdzơ ƩƢǼƷƢnjdzơ ǂŤ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƾȈǠƦdzơ DzƦǬƬLjǸǴdz ĺƢƦǔdzơ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ȁƾƦƫ ǂȀǜdzơ ƨǏǂǧ ǹȋ ƨǷǂƬŰ ƨǟƢLJ ƧǂNjƢǠdzơ Ȇǿ .ǍȐŬơ ƨǟƢLjdz ȃȂǬdzơ ǝƢǸƴƬLJơ ǺǰŲȁ ŕƷ ƨǨȈǨƻ ƨȇƾȇƾƷ ǦƟƢǨdz Ǻǟ ǝȂǸnjdzƢƥ NJƬǧƗ ǮȈǻǃǁ ǞǷ ǂȇȁƢnjǷ ƧƾǠƥ ǵȂǫƗ ƢǻƗ ƧƽƢƷ ǦƟƢǨdz ȏƐ ƛ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ńȁ ƢǿȁǀƻƗ ƧƾďȈŪơ ǦƟƢǨǴdzơ Dzǯ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧƾȈǠƦdzơ ǵơȂǯȋơ Ŀ ǕȂǘŬơ ǪȈǴǠƬdz ƨƥȁǂǔǷ ƨȇƾȇƾƷ Ƣȇơȁǃ ƢȀǧơǂǗƗ Ŀȁ ƲǴưdzơȁ DzƷȂdzƢƥ ƨǻȂǿƾǷ ƨǴȈǬƯȁ .ƨȇƾȇƾūơ ǹƗ ǶȀǨǻ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƤǴŪ ǾǠǷ Ƥǿǀȇ ŕƷ ǹƢſƢǧ ȅƽƢǼȈdz ƔƢƳ džǻơǂǧ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ǂȀǜdzơ ƾǠƦƥ ǂǰǨȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ȄƐdzȁ ƵƢƦǐdzơȁ .Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ
.ƩƢȈǻơǂǯȁȋơ ƔƢLjǼǴdz ǖǬǧ śȈǻȂdzȂƦǴdz ǖǬǧ DŽȈǴųȎdz ǖǬǧ :ƨȈǻƢŭƗ 8 73
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƗƾƦȇ ǦǐǼdzơȁ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ Ŀ ƤǠǐdzơ DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ƨȈǧƢǓƛ Ƨǁȁƽ ǺǷ ƽȂǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƢǻǀƻƗ Dzǿȁ ǾƬȈǟȂǻ Ȇǿ ƢǷȁ ǵȂȈdzơ ƾƳȂȇ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ȅƾȈǴǬƬdzơ ǪȈǬƸƬdzơ ƶųƗ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǴƠLJȋơ DZƘLJƗ ȏ ǹƗ ƾȀƬƳƗ ƢǻƗ .ȄǴǨLjdzơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ǁƾǬǴdz ƢȈǴǠdzơ ƨǬƦǘdzơ Ŀ ƧǂnjƬǼŭơ ƺȈƦǘdzơ ƨƸƟơǁ ńƛ ȆǨǻƗ ǾȈƳȂƬdzȁ ƨǴƠLJȋơ ǝƢǸLjdz ƧȂǬƥ ƩƢǐǻȍơ ǵƾǟ Ŀ .Ǫǧȋơ ƢǼƫơȂǴǐdz ơȂƥƢƴƬLJơ ƢŶƘǯ Ǫǧȋơ Ŀ ȁƾƦȇ ȅǀdzơ ǂƴǨdzơ DZơDŽǣ DzưǷ ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ Ŀ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƧǂǷȁ .ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼƥǀǠȇ ȅǀdzơ ǝȂŪơȁ ƔƢǼǠdzơ ǦǨź ȅǀdzơ ǂȀǜdzơ ŚǨǏ ǞǸLjǻ ƧƽȁƾŲ ǹȂƸǐdzơȁ ǁȁƾdzƢƥ ǹȂǨǬȇ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ńƛ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ Dzǰdzơ :ƨǧȂdzƘŭơ ƾǿƢnjŭơ .ǁƢūơ ȆƟƢŭơ ƣȁǂnjŭƢƥ ǶǿƔƢǠǷƗ ơȁȌǸȈdz ƨǟȂĐơ ǶƟƢȀƦdzƢǯ ǹȂǟǂLjǷ ǶȀǴǯ ǶȀǷƢǷƗ ǪǴǘȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯȁ ơƆƾƳ ƨȈƟƢǷ ƩƢƦƳȂdzơ ǹȋ DZȁȋơ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƢŠǁ Ŀ ƢǷ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ ǹȋ ǁąƾǬĉ dzơ ȃȂƬŰ Ŀ DzƻƾƬȇ ȏȁ ƢǼǟȂƳ ǺǷ ǂƼLjȇȁ ƩƢǻƢǿȍơ ƨȈǷƢƷ ǺǘƦdzơ Ǧź ǂƫȂƬdzơ .ƢƆȈƥƢŸơȁ ƆƢŹǂǷ ƢƆLJƢLjƷƛ džŴ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥ .Ǿdz ǁąƾǬĉ dzơ DzǨLJƗ ƨƦǿǂƥȁ ƨƠȈǘƥ ƩƢǯǂŞ ƨǬȈǫƽ ƧǁƢƴȈLJ ǹȂdzȁƢǼƬȇ ǹȂǼƻƾŭơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ƔĿƾȇ ǁȂǼƬdzơ ƨƸƟơǁ DzưǷ ƨƸƟơǁ ƱǂţǁȂǼƬdzơ ƧǁơǂƷ ǺǷ ƨƠǧơƽ ƔƢŭƢƥ ƨǴǴƦǷ ǞȈǸŪơ džƥȐǷ ƨȈLJƾǫ .ƣȐǰdzơ ƨǬȈǫƽ DZȐƻȁ DzǷƢǰdzơ ƪǸǐdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ ȄǴǟ ƣȂƬǰǷ Śǣ ǵƢǟ ǝƢŦƛ ǭƢǼǿ ƧǂǷȁ ƢǼǼȈǟƗ ǒǸǤǻ ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ śǫȂdzƾǷ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂdzơ śǗȂǤǔǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǵƢǼȇ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ džǴų ƪȈƦdzơ Ŀ ǺŴ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ǵȐƷȋơ ǵȐƷƗ ƢǼLJȁƙǁ Ŀ ǁȁƾƫ ȃǂƻƗ ƾȈƦǠdzơ ǵȂǻȁ ǶƟơƾdzơ ƤǠƬdzơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǴǸǟ ơƿƢǷ ǎǬǻ ƪȈƦdzơ Ŀ ȁƗ ƨƦƳȂdz ƧƾǠŭơ ƧƾƟƢŭơ .ơǀǿ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƨŭƚǷ Ƨǂǰǧ ǁȂǴƦƬƫ džǟƢǼdzơ Ǣǔŭơ ƩȂǰLJ ǖLJȁ ƢǷ ƪǫȁ ǁȁǂǷ ƾǠƥ ƨǟƢLjdzơ Es wird bald ein Uhr seinƨƷơǂƬLJȏơ Ƶǂǧ ǞǘǬƫ ƨǠƳȂǷ ǂǟƢnjǷ DžƢLjƷȍơ ǂnjƬǼȇ ƨǴƟƢǿ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǂnjƬǼȇ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢǗǂLjdzơ ǑǂǷ DzưǷȁ .ƧƾƷơȂdzơ ŅơȂƷ DZDŽǼȇ ƲǴưdzơ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ DZȂdzȂƫ Ŗdzơ ƶȇǂǴdz ƪǐǼǻ .ǥȂŬơ ƢǼȈǧ ǚǫȂȇȁ ƢǼǜǫȂȇ ȅǀdzơ
74
DzǸǠdzơ
ŕƷ ǵȂǼdzƢƥ ǹȂǰLjǸƬǷ Dzǰdzơ Uhr sein es wird schnell einĺƢƦnjdzơ ȄǴǟ .ƢǼǷ ƤȇǂǬdzơ ƣƢƦdzơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƔȆš Ŗdzơ ƧǁƢNjȎdz džȈLJƢƷȋơ ƾǠƬLjƫȁ ƢǼǯǂƬȇ ȏ ǮLjŻ ƾǸš ǺǸǯ ǦǬȇ Ȃǿȁ ƲǴƯ Ƨǂǯ ƣǂǓ ǾǴƳȂǻ ǂƬLjǷ .ƱƢƳDŽdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨƥǂǓ Ǻdz ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ ǮNj ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ džȈǴǧ Ɣȁƾđ DZȂǬȇȁ ǵȂǬȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ .ƢǻȂŴ ƨȀƳȂŭơ ƨǟƢLjdzƢƥ ! ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ Dzǰdzơ Alles heraus :ǀǨǼȇ ȏ ǹƗ ƙǂŸ ǪƥƢLjdzơ Ŀ ƢȀƬdzƢƦǫ ƢǼǨǫȁ ƢǸǯ ƶȇǂdzơ ƨdzƢƦǫ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ Ȃdz !ȆǰƦǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǰŤ Ȃdz !DžȂǨǻ Ȑƥ ǹơƾȇƾdzƢǯ .ǹȉơ ǺŴ ƢǸǯ džȈdzȁ ǺȇȁƢLjƬǷ DZDŽǼĄȇ ǾȈǨƬǯ śƥ ǾLJƗǁ ǶǴǸǴȇ ǮȈǻǃǁ .ǽƢǐǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǺŴ ƲǴưdzơ ƢǸȀǼǟ DzǐǨǻơ śƬǴdzơ ƔơŐǤdzơȁ ƨǔǨƼǼŭơ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ńƛ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǂȇ ǾȈǻƿƗ ȄǴǟ ƨǠƦǬdzơ 9
.Si j'avey une chien, je ne le chasse pas dehors :ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ
.ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ ƢȀǧǀǫȋ ƪǼǯ ƢǷ ƨƦǴǯ ȅƾǼǟ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz :ƨNjȂnjǷ ƨȈLjǻǂǧ ƨǤdz 9 75
ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ .ňƢLjǻȍơ ǽǂǿȂƳ Ȃǿ ǹƢŻȏơ ơǀǿ .ƢƆǧƾǿ ƧƢȈƸǴdz ǹƗ ǾƷǁơȂƳ Dzǰƥ ǺǷƚȇ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƔƢũƘƥ ƢĔȂǸLjȇȁ ǾƫƽȂƳ DZȂƷ ǹȂnjǫƢǼƬȇ .Ǿƥ ǹȁǂǰǨȇ ǁơǂƷȋơ DžƢǼdzơ ơǀŮ .Ǿƥ ǂǰǨǻ ȏ ƾƷơȁ ǝȂǓȂǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ǞȈƥǂdzơ ŕƷ NJȈǠǻ ǹƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǖȈLjƥ ǥƾŮơ ƢǼdz ƨƷƢLJ Ŀ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ ƢǼdzƢǷƕ Dzǯȁ ƨȈLjǨǼdzơ ƢǼƫƢǫƢǗ Dzǯ ƨȀƳȂǷ ǖǬǧ ǥƾŮơ ńƛ ƱȁǂƼǴdz Őǐdzơ ǡǁƢǨƥ ƧŚưǯ ƩƢǟƢLJ ǂǜƬǼǻ ƆƢǧȂǨǏ ƢƆǧȂǨǏ ǦǬǻ ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ Ǧšǂƫ ƨȈǿơȂdzơ ƢǼǷƢLjƳƗ DzǠšȁ ƢǼLjƥȐǷ Dzƻơƽ Dzƻƾƫ ƔơȂǿ ƨǸLjǻ Dzǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ DzǸǠdzơ ǂǜǼǻ ǵȐǜdzơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ƵƢƦǏ Dzǯ .ǹȂȇƽƢǷǁ ǺŴ ŕƷȁ ƢǼdzȂƷ ŐǣƗ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ƮȈƷ ǶǴǰƬǻ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ƔĿơƾdzơ ǶLJȂŭơ ƔȆƴŠ ƧǂnjƦŭơ ńȁȋơ ƩƢǷȐǠdzơ ǚƷȐǻ ŕƷ ǩǂnjdzơ ńƛ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƨƠǧơƽ ƢƆǬƷƗ džǷƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƧǂǰƦǷ ǵȂȈdzơ ƪǫǂNjƗ ƢƆǬƷƗ džǸnjdzơ ǩȁǂNj DZȂƷ .ƾƷơȁ ȁƾǠƥ ƢǻƙơƾǟƗ DzǬȇȁ ƽŐdzơ ƽƾƦƬȇ ǂȀNj ȁƗ ǺȇǂȀNj ƾǠƥ džǷƗ ƨȈǻȂdzȂƥ džſ .Ǫǧȋơ ǺǷ ƨȈǬǻȁ ƨƸǓơȁ džǸnjdzơ ƪǠǨƫǁơ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǵȂȈdzơ ƢȀǼǟ ƪǟDŽĄǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǶLjŪơ ƾǴƳ ǖǬǧ ǖǬǧÅȐȈǴǫ ƔĿăƾƫĄ .ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƔƢǔȈƥ ƧƽǁƢƥ ƢǻƗ ƪLjLjƷƗ ƮȈƷ Őǣȋơ ǁȂȀǸŪơ ǺǷ DZƢǠǨǻơ Ʊǂǿ Ȑǟ ƧŚƻȋơ ƣƢƦǔdzơ ƢȇƢǬƥ .džǸnjdzơ ƧƽƢƦǟ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǦȈǯ ƪǸȀǧȁ ȆLjƥȐǷ Őǟ ƪǴǤǴǤƫ Ŗdzơ ƧǁơǂūƢƥ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂȇƾȇȁ .ǂǴǰȈLjƫ DZȂǬȇ .ƢǻƔơǁȁ ƗȂLJȋơ – Das Schlimmste ist vorüber ȆǰȈǻȂdzƢLJ ƽȂȀȇ śȈǻƢǻȂȈdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢƬǟȂǸů ǦǬƫ œǻƢŝ ƨƠǧơƾdzơ džǸnjdzơ ńƛ ǽǂȀǛ ơȂnjȈǠȇ ǹƗ Ƕēƽơǁƛ .ǹȁƾƷȂǷȁ ǹȁƾȈǼǟȁ ǹȂǫǁƢLJȁ ƧƢLjǫȁ ƔƢȈǯƿƗ .śǨȈƼŭơȁ śǠƟơǂdzơ ơȁǂǘȈLJ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȈdzơ ƔƢǬƦǴdz ǝơǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƨŧǁ ƨȇƗ ǶǿƾǼǟ ƪLjȈdzȁ ǂǷȋơ ƪǸLjƷ ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơȁ ǶĔȂǷǂƬŹ ǹƢŭȋơ ŕƷ ƽȂȀȇ .ǞǼǐŭơ Dzƻơƽ DZƢǸǟȋơ ȄǴǟȁ .ƺƥƢǘŭơ ȄǴǟ ǶȀǼǷ DzǔǧƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƨưdzƢưdzơ ƨǼLjdzơ ǶŮ ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ǽǀǿ .ǶȀǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ƪLjȈdz ƨȈǼǣƗ ǹȂǼǤȇȁ ǂƻȉơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȂdzơ śƦȇǂǫ ǂƟơȁƽ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǞǓȂdzơ 76
ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ
Ȃǿ !L'année prochaine à la maison řǧǂǠȇ ňƢǻȂȈdzơ ȂLjƬȈǴǧ .ƨȇƢĔ ƢŮ
ȂnjƬȈǴǧ 10!à la maison par la cheminée :ǦȈǔȇȁ ȆǿƢšơ Ŀ ƹǂǐȇ
ǺƸǴdzơ ƤLjƷ Ǒǁȋơ ƣǂǔƫ ǶȀǴƳǁƗ .ƪǫȂdzơ DZȂǗ ǹȂǼǤȇ .ȅƢǼǯŚƥ Ŀ ǹƢǯ .ƔƢǼǤdzơ ǺǷ ȃǁƢǰLjdzƢǯ Ȑƥ ǹƢǯ Ǫǧȋơȁ ŅƢǠdzơ ǁȂLjdzơ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǧǫȁ ƧŚƦǰdzơ ƨƥơȂƦdzơ ǪȇǂǗ ǺǷ ƢǼȈnjǷ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢƆȈǠǫơȁ džȈdzȁ ǥȁǂǠǷ -ǩǂnjdzơ ǺǷȁ DZƢƦŪơ ƨǴLjǴLJ ƨȇƙǁ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƢǯ ƢƆƥȂǼƳ.ǵȂȈǣ ƢƆǷơǂƬƷơ .DžơǂƳȌdz Ʊǂƥ ƾƳȂȇ ǹƢǰŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ŕƷ .džƬǨNjȁƗ ǂǰLjǠŭ DžơǂƳȋơ Ʊǂƥ– Ŀ ǞǨƫǁơ ƢǻȂƦdzơ ƤƟơǁǃ ǹƢƻƽ .ƩơǁƢȈǘǴdz ƨȇƽƢǠǷ ƧǂǿDŽǷ ƩƢƥƢǗ ǹƢǰŭơ DZȂƷȁ !ƅ Ɣơǂǔƻ ƩƢƥƢǤƥ ƧƢǘǤǷ ƨǔǨƼǼǷ DZƢƦƳ ƨǴLjǴLJ ǾƬŢ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ƢƆǼǰŲ ǹƢǯȁ .ƽǁƢƦdzơ Ǫǧȋơ ƢǼƟƢLjǼdz ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ƩƔƢƳ ňƢǯŚƥ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼǴǯ ƢǼǻȋ ƢǼǴƻơƽ Ŀ ǵċȂǰƬȇ ƢǼƦǴǫ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ƢȀȈǧ ȃǂǻ Ŗdzơ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ .ƨǟǂLjƥ ƢǼƬȇƢĔ ƔȆš ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǻƽȏȁƗȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǿǻȋ Ɣơǂǔƻ DZȂǬūơ ǝǁƢnjdzơ œǻƢƳ Ȑǯ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǼȀƦƬǻơ ńȁȋơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ .ȆǨƬţ ƢŶƘǯ ƧǂǔŬơ ǹƜǧ ǵȂȈǤdzơ śƥ džǸnjdzơ ƔœƬţ ŕƷ ƨǬǷƢǣȁ ƔơŐǣ Ȇǿ džǸnjdzơ ƔȂǓ ƪŢ ƢƆǔȇƗ .Ɣơǂǔƻ ƪLjȈdz ƢǻȂƥ ƨǼȇƾǷ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǹƜǧ ƨǠLJơȁ ƩƢƷƢLJ ȄǴǟ ǂnjƬǼŭơ ǁƢƦǤdzơȁ ǹȂǗƢƦdzơȁ ƾȇƾūơ DzȈdz Ŀ .DžƘȈdzơ ƔƢũƗ ȁƗ ǥǂƷƗ ǵƢǫǁƗ :ƢǼƟƢũƗ DzưǷ ƢȀǫǂǗȁ ƢȀǟǁơȂNjȁ ƢēơǁƢǸǟ ƔƢũƗ .ƾLjƴƬŭơ ƶąƦǬƌ dzơ ƤąnjǟĄ ƨǫǁȁ ŕƷ ȃǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƨƴȈLjŭơ ƢȀƬƷƢLjǷ Dzƻơƽ Ŀ .ƨȈǷơǂƳƛȁ ƨƦǟǂǷ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ǭǂƸƬȇ ƔȆNj ȏ .ǖǨǼdzơȁ ǶƸǨdzơ ǺǷ ƨǷƢLJ DzƟơȂLjƥ ƨƥǂnjƬǷ Ǒǁȋơ .ƧƾƷơȁ .DžƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƩơǁƢȈLJ ƾƳȂƫȁ DžƢǼdzơȁ ƩơǁƢȈLjdzơ ǹƢŭȋơ śȇǁơƽȍơȁ śȈǼǬƬdzơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƢȀȈǧ DzǸǠȇ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚƦǯ ƨǼȇƾǷ Ȇǿ ƢǻȂƥ ǹȂnjȈǠȇ Dzǰdzơ .ƨǤdz Ǻȇǂnjǟ ȁƗ Ƨǂnjǟ džǸş ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ ƔƢƥǂǣ ǎƼNj ǦdzƗ ǹȂǠƥǁƗ ƩƢȈǻơǂǯȁƗ ƔƢLjǻ ǂǰLjǠǷ DŽȈǴųƛ ȃǂLJƗ ǂǰLjǠǷ .Ƣđ ƨǘȈƄơ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ
ƨǼƻƾŭơ Őǟ ƪȈƦdzơ ńƛ ... ƪȈƦdzơ ńƛ – ǵƽƢǬdzơ ǵƢǠdzơ Ŀ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 10 77
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǖǬǧ ǶȀǴǏƗ ǥǂǠǻ ȏ ǺŴ DžƢǻȋ ȃǂƻƗ ƩơǂǰLjǠǷȁ śȈLjǻǂǨdzơ śǟȂǘƬŭơ ǂǰLjǠǷ ǂǰLjǠǷ) Judenlager, Vernichtungslager. Kazett ƢǻǂǰLjǠǷ Ŀ Dzǯ .ƾȈƦǠdzơ ƾȈƦǟ ǺŴ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ ǶǷƗ Dzǯ ǺǷ śǴǷƢǠdzơ ǥȂdzƗ Ʃơǂnjǟ ƾƳȂȇ– (ƽȂȀȈdzơ ȄǴǟ ǭƢƄơȁ ƢǼǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ǁȂǨƄơ Ƕǫǂdzơ Ȃǿ ƢǼũơ ǂǷơȁȋơ ƢǼȈǘǠȇ ǹƗ ǾǬƷ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ .ǎȈǸǬdzơ ǾƸǘLJ ƨȇƙǁ ǺǰŻȁ .ƢǻȂƥ DŽǯǂǷ Ŀ ǦǬȇ ƢǼȇƾȇƘƥ ǽƢǼȈǼƥ ȅǀdzơ ƩƢǫȁǂƄơ Ʊǂƥ tegula, ecgli,
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ƢȀũơ ƢȀǼǷ ƱŐdzơ řƥ Ŗdzơ ƧǁƢƴūơ .ƣƢƦǔdzơ DZȐƻ ǺǷ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ
ƧǁƢƴūơ ƩƾǼLJƗ ƾǫȁ kamenny, bricks, téglak, briques, Ziegel DzǠǨdzƢƥȁ .DzƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǵƢǐŬơȁ ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơ ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơ ƪǼũƜƥ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǥǂǬŭơ ƨǸǜǠdzơ ǶǴƷ ǾȈǧ ƢǼǿǂǯȁ Bobelturm, Babelturm ǾȈǸLjǻ ǺŴ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƢǼƬǷơǂǯ ƨǻƢǿƛ ǹƢLjǻȍơȁ ƅ ƨǻƢǿƛ .ƢǼȇƾƦǠƬLjŭ Ƥǟǂŭơȁ ǶȀLjǨǻƗ ǹƢŭȋơ ŕƷȁ ƨǼǠǴdzƢƥ ǵȂȈdzơ ńƛ džŴ ƢǼǻƜǧ Dzǿȋơ ǵƢȇƗ ǺǷ ƨǐǫ Ŀ ƢǸǯȁ ȄǴǟ ƺƥǂƫ Ŗdzơ ƨǸƟơƾdzơ ƨȈźǁƢƬdzơ ƨǼǠǴdzơ Dzƥ ƨȇȁƢǸLjdzơȁ ƨȈŮȍơ ƨǼǠǴdzơ ƪLjȈdz Ƣđ ǹȂLjŹ .ǂƴūơ ƨǼǠdz ƔƢǸLjdzơ ȃƾƸƬȇ ȅǀdzơ ǾȈǧ ȅǀdzơ ƩƢǤǴdzơ ǖȈǴƻ ȄǴǟȁ ňƢŭȋơ DzƥƢƥ Ʊǂƥ ƨǴǷƢǯ śǼLJ ǞƥǁƗ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂƦǠƫȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǽƢǼƥ ȅǀdzơ ƢǻȂƥ ǞǼǐǷ ǺǷ :ƢƆǔȇƗ ǎǬǻȁ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ǵơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ ŕƷ ơƆƾƥƗ ǾǼǷ Ʊǂź Ń ƽƾǠdzơ ȁŚưǯ ƩƢǷ ǾǴƻơƽ Ŀ ȅǀdzơȁ .ǕƢǘŭơ ȂǨǘƫ ƢȀƟƢǷ ǾƳȁ ȄǴǟ Ŗdzơ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƩƢǠǬǼƬLjŭơ Ŀ ƨȈǧƢǏ ƔƢũ ǶLjƫǂƫ ǵȂȈdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǬƦǘƥ ƨǧȂǨǴŭơ ǽƢȈŭơ ǹǃƢű ǺǷȁ ƩƢǻơDŽŬơ ǺǷ ƧƾǸƴƬŭơ ŚLJơȂŭơ ǺǷ .ǖǨǼdzơ ǺǷ ƨǬƦǗ ǞǨƫǂȇ ǹȂǗƢƦdzơ ƧǁƢƴƷ ǺǷ ǶƸǨdzơ ǵơȂǯƗ ǺǷ ǂǨūơ ƾǼǟ ƣơǂƬdzơ ǺǷ ƾȈǴŪơ ǺǷ .ƔƢƬnjdzơ ƨȈǬƥ ǁƢş džǸnjdzơ ǂƷ Ŀ ǵȂȈdzơ
ƨȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ƨȈǻơǂǯȋơ ƨȈLJȁǂdzơ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢǤǴƥ ƔƢǼƥ ǂƴƷ 11 .ƨȈǻƢǷȁǂdzơ 78
ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ
ǶĔȂȈǟ ƔȂǓ ǶȀȈdzƛ ƽƢǟ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹƢȈǸǠdzƢǯ ƢǼdzȂƷ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ .ƾĈȈƳ ǵȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈdzơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ džǸnjdzơ ƔȂǓ ȄǴǟ ǂƻȉơ ńƛ ƢǻƾƷƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂǜǼǻ Ń ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂdzơ DzǿǀǼǻ !ƢǼƥǀǠȇ ȏ ǝȂŪơ ǹƗ Ȃdz ǶLjƬƦȇ .ǵȏȉơȁ ƩƢƥơǀǠdzơ Dzǰƥ ǾLjǨǻ ƪǫȂdzơ Ŀ džŴ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ :ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǞƦǗ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ ǵƢǜǻ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ ƨǸƟơƽ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǫ ƤLjƷ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯȋơ Ɣơǁȁ ǺǷ ƔœƬţ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǴȀLjdzơ ǵȏȉơ ƤƦLjdzơ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ȃǿ ơǀǿȁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ NJȈǠǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴ ǾƫȂǫ ǺǷ ǖǬǧȁ ȅȁƢũ .Ǒơǁ Śǣ ơƆƾƥƗ Ȃǿ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǹƗ ƨƥǁƢǬƬǷ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ ǞǸLjǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ Ǿǻơ ƧƽƢǠLjdzƢƥ DžƢLjƷȍơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ǵƾǟ ƤƦLjƥ džȈdz ơǀǿ ǹƗ ƾǯƚŭơ ǺǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ǻǰdzȁ DžƚƦdzơ ƣƢƦLJƗ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdz .DžƚƦǴdz ƾǬǠŭơ ǞƦǘdzơ ǶȀǧ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁƾǫ ǵƾǟ Ȃǿ Dzƥ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ǞƥƢǻ ǶLJơ Ȃǿȁ ǖǬǧ ƾƷơȁ ǶLJƢƥ ƢȀȈǸLjǻ ǺŴȁ ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǁȂǏ Ƣǻǂǜǻ Ŀ džƦǴƫ ǦnjƬǰǻ ƤǴǬdzơ ǁƢLjǰǻƢƥ ƢǿƾǼǟ ǪȈǔdzơ ơǀǿ ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƧȂǫ ǂưǯȋơ ǪȈǔdzơ ǺǷ ǺǷ ƨǴLjǴLJ ǭƢǼǿ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .ǂƻƕ ǪȈǓ ǭƢǼǿ ǪȈǔdzơ ơǀǿ Ɣơǁȁ ǾǻƗ ƢǼƬƠƳƢǨŭ .ƩƢƥơǀǠdzơ džŴ ǺŴ ƔƢƬnjdzơ ǵƢȇƗ Ŀ ƨLJơǂNj ǂưǯȋơ ȁƾǠdzơ .ƽŐdzơ ǦǫȂƬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȏƆ ƢƷ .Ǯdzǀdz ǖǬǧ .ƢǼǻƗ Ȃdz" :DZȂǬǻȁ ƨǘǴǤdzơ džǨǻ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǠǻ ǺŴ .ƢēȂǫ Dzǰƥ ǝȂŪơ ƩƢƥơǀǠƥ ƧƘƴǧ "!ƢƆǟƢȈƳ ƢǼLjdz ǺŴ ǾǼȈǠƥ ǝȂŪơ Ȃǿ Ȃǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǝȂŪƢƥ ǂǰǨǻ ȏ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǦȈǯ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢǼǷ ƔDŽƳ ǝȂŪơȁ ǝƢȈƳ ƢǼLjǨǻƗ DzƥƢǰdzơ ȄǴǟ Ŗdzơ ƨǫȐǸǠdzơ Ǧǰdzơ ǁƢǨƷ ǁȂƬǯơǂƫ DzǸǠȇ ǝǁƢnjǴdz ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ǂšȁ ƨǼȈǴdzơ ǑǁȋƢƥ ƧȂǬƥ ǃǂǤǼƫ Ľ ǁƢƬţ ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǨdz ƽƽǂƬƥ ǵȂŢ ƢȀǫơƾNjƗ ƶƬǨƫ .ǦȈưǯȁ ǒȈƥƗ ǁƢƦǣ ǾǠǷȁ ȄǓǁ ƩȂǏ ǞǨƫǂȇ ƧƽƢȈǬdzơ ƨǧǂǣ ǺǷ .Ǒǁȋơ ǝȂƳ Ŀ .ƨȈǻƢƯ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǠȇȁ ǾǴƻơƽ Ŀ ƢǷ Dzǯ ǪǐƦȇ ƢȀǸǧȁ ǁȁƾƫ ǞǨƫǂƫ Ǧǰdzơ
79
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
.ƶƬǨǼƫ ƢǼǿơȂǧƗ ƧǁƢǨƸǴdz ƨnjĔ Dzǯ ǞǷ .DZȁƢǠŭơ ȄǴǟ ƔȆǰƬǻ ǺȇǁȂȀƦǷ ǂǜǼǻ ǺŴ ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ǂȇƾǻ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǼLjdz .DzȇDŽŮơ ƾǴŪơ ƪŢ ǺǷ ǒǨƼǼƫȁ ǞǨƫǂƫ ȄǓǂdzơ ƧȂȀNjȁ .ƧǁƢǨūơ ƨƦƳȁ ǂǜǼǷ ǺǷ ǀƻƘȇ ƔƢLjǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ǞȈǸŪơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǞƟƢƳȁ ƨǼLJ Ƨǂnjǟ ǞƦLJ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ȆǤȈLJ ǎǬȇ Ɨƾƥ.DzƥƢǬǷ ǹȁƾƥ džȈdz Ǻǜdzơ ƤǴǣƗ Ǿdz ǞƥƢƫ Ȃǿ ǎƼNj ǺǷ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ Ŀ ƧƽƢȇǃ Ǧǐȇ Ȃǿ ǹȉơȁ ƺƦǘŭơ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ɨƾƥ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾǷƗ Ǻǟȁ ƢǼȈȈǧ Ŀ ǾƬȈƥ Ǻǟ ƮdzƢưdzơ ǺƸǐdzơ ǾǼȇ Ń ǾǻƗ ǪȈǸǟ ǦLJƘƥ ǂǯǀƬȇȁ Ʊơȁǃ ƨƦƳȁ DzȈǏƢǨƬdzơ DzȈǏƢǨƬƥ Ŗdzơ ƨȇǂǬdzơ ǦǏȂƥ ƗƾƦȇ ȐȈƥȁ ǪƟƢǫƽ ǂnjǟ ǂŤ ȏ ǾǻȂƬǰLjȇ Dzǰdzơ .ƢȈdzȂǏƢǨdzơ ƨƥǁȂNj ǺǷ ƣȂƦƷ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǼǐŭơ ƧȂǴūơ Ƨǁǀdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdz ƨǨǏȁ ǵƾǬȇȁ Ƨǁǀdzơ DZȂǬƷȁ ƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ Ŀ ƗƾƦȇ ƨǜū ƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂƻǂǐȇȁ ǾǻȂǼǠǴȇ DžƢǼdzơȁ ƩơǁƢȀƦdzơȁ ƪȇDŽdzơ ǞǷ ƨȈǴǬǷ .ǎǬdzƢƥ ƮdzƢưdzơ ȏ řǰdzȁ ȄƳǂƫ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ǹƢȇǀŮơ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ơƆƾĈȈƳ ǥǂǟƗ !ǝȂŪơ ƨǼǠdz ƧŚƦǯ Ƕǯ ȅǀdzơ ƨǻȁǂǰǠŭơ ǺƸǏ ǎǫǂȇ ȆƷȁǁ śǟ Ŀȁ .ȆƟȐǷǃ Ǻǟ ƢƆǨǴƬű ǹȂǯƗ ǹƗ ǞȈǘƬLJƗ .ƢǻƗȁ Ȃǰǻơǂǧ ƢǻƢnjƫȂdz ơƾǻƢǧ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ ǽƢǼƼƦǗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ƱǂƼǼLJ ŅƢƬdzơ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ƢǼǻƗ ƢǼǧǂǟ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŅƢǬƬǻȏơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ Ǯdzƿ ƢǼǴǠǧ .ƢǼǨǫȂƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ .ƧƾǷƢƳȁ ƨȈƦǿƿ .ƧǃƢƬŲ ƪǻƢǯ ƨǻȁǂǰǠŭơ ƢǼǴǯƗ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ǪȇǂǗ ńƛ ƾƷơȁ ǂǷƗ ƭƾŹ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ȏ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǼdz ƶȈƫƗ ơƿƛȁ !ƢǼǧǂǟ Ȃdz !ǺŴ ǶȀǨǻ ȏ ƔƢȈƦǣƗ .ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ƢǼǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƣđ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ ǽǀȀǯ ƨƦƳȁ ƾȈǯƘƬdzƢƥ ƨǫƾƥ ƨǧȂǨǴǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƨǷǃǁ ǾƦȈƳ ǺǷ Ʊǂź ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ơƆŚƻƗ DzǏȁ ȅǀdzơ ǂnjȈǧ ǺŴ ƢǼǷ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ ƵƢƦǐdzơ ƨƦƳȁ ǺǷ Ǧǐǻ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƢȀǴƻơƽ .ƨȇǁƢǤǼǿ ǵơƾǠǻȏ ƨǨǴƬű ƩơǂȇŐƫ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǟƢLJ DZȐƻ DŽƦŬơ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ Śǣ ȄǷơƾǬdzơ ǂƫȂƬdzơ .ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ǶǔȀĄȇ ȏ ƧŚǤǏ ƩƢƦƳȁ Ŀ ǾǻȂǴǯƘȇ ȅǀdzơ DŽƦŬơ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬdzơ .ǮLjǨǼƥ ǂǔȇȁ ǂǔǷ ơƆƾƳ ǞƟƢƳ ƪǻƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ DŽƦŬơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ƾȀŪơ Ǻǟ ƲƫƢǼdzơ ȂƫŐdzƗ .ǂưǯƗ ƾȈǨȇ ǾǻƜǧ ǽƢǼǴǯƗȁ ƢǼǟǂLJƗ ƢǸǴǯ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ƨȈƟơǀǤdzơ ǾƬǸȈǫ ƾǬǨȇȁ džƦȈȇ DŽƦŬơ ƢǻȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƢǸĔƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdzȁ ǹƢƬǔǫƢǼƬǷ ǹƢƬǬȈǬƷ Ƣŷ ƤȈŪơ Ŀ DŽƦŬơȁ ǝȂŪơ ǹƛ DZȂǬȇ 80
ƾƷơȁ ƾȈƳ ǵȂȇ
ƢƆǻƢǸǓ ǂưǯȋơ ƨǻDŽŬơ Ȇǿ ƧƾǠŭơ ǹƛ ǪŞ ǹȂdzȂǬȇ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ .ƾƷơȁ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Moi, on m'a jamais volé mon ,ǝƾŬơȁ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ǂLJ ȅƽƢǨƬdz ǾȈǼȈǟ ƶȇDŽȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ ȏ Ȃǿ .ǡǁƢǨdzơ ǾǼǘƥ ȄǴǟ ƣǂǔȇ Ȃǿȁ ƾȈǧơƽ DZȂǬȇ 12!pain ǽƾǼǟ ƧǂNjƢǠdzơ ƨǟƢLjdzơ Ŀȁ "ǚƷ ƤƷƢǏ" .ƨȈƴȀǼŠȁ ƔǖƦƥ DzǯƘȇ ȅǀdzơ ǂnjȈǧ Ǻǟ 13
!…sacré veinard va !DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ
ƨƦƳȂǴdz ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƧƘƳƢǨǷ ƢǻǂǜƬǼƫ ǂȀǜdzơ Ŀ džǸnjdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ȏ .ƲȈđ ǵȂȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȈdzơ ǂǴƦŤ .ǹȊǷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ Ȃǿȁ ǞǼǐŭơ ƺƥƢǘǷ ǁȁƾǫ ǺǷ ǞƟơǁ ǁąƾǫ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ .ǾǴǸǟ ƨƴȈƬǻ Ȃǿ "ƤȈƫǂƬdzơ" ơǀǿȁ ǂǐƬǼŭơ ǂȀǜŠ ƢǼȈdzƛ ǂǜǼȇ ƨƥǁȂNj ǺǷ ƣǂǬƬȇ Ȃǿȁ .ƢǼƥ ǍƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴdz Ȇũǂdzơ ƩƢǬǨǐdzơ DzƳǁ Ȃǿ ǂǴƦŤ ƢǼdz ƶǸLjȇ ƢƆƠȈLJ ȂǧƢǯ džȈdz ȅǀdzơ ƢǼƥ ǍƢŬơ ȂǧƢǰdzơ .ƽǁȂdzơ ńƛ DzƸǼdzơ ƣǂČ Ǭƫ śǼǗơȂŭơ ƤǴǯ DzưǷ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƣǁƢLjǷ Ŀ Ʊǂź ǂǴƦŤ ǪŞȁ ƢǼƬƦǣǁ ƤLjƷ ǥǂǐƬǻ ǹƗ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ DZƢǸǠdzơ Ƥǿǀdzơ ǺǷ ȄǴǣƗ ƨǷȂǴǠǷ ǾǸǧ Ŀȁ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƾȈǐdzơ ǹȋ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬdz śǠƥǁƗ ơȂǬƥƗ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ǺȇǂƬǷ ȂǴȈǯ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ DZȂƬǼŭơ ƱƢƬǻƛ ǦȈǏǂdzơ ȄǴǟ DžǁƢƷ Ȑƥ ƪȈǬƥ ƪǨǴdzơ ǺǷ ƨƥǂǟ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƔȆnjdzơ ǒǠƥ ǒǷƢƷ ǾǸǠǗ .ǞǼǐŭơ ƺƥƢǘǷ ƤǻƢƳ ńƛ œǻƢŪơ ǂȇƾǷȁ ȂƥƢǰdzơ ǞǷ ƢƆǐƼNj ǂnjǟ ƨLjŨ ǺŴȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬdz ǹȂLjŨ ƾƳȂȇ ǵȂȈdzơ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ƨƦƳȂdzơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ǂȀǜdzơ Ŀ ơƆǂƬdz ǀƻƘǻ .ǎƼNj Dzǰdz ƩơǂƬdz ƨƯȐƯ .DzǸǠdzơ Dzǰnjƥȁ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ǂȀǜdzơ ƾǠƥ ǂƻȉơ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢŷǀƻƘǻ ǹơǂƻȉơ ǹơǂƬǴdzơȁ .ǪƟƢǫƽ džǸŬ DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬǻ ȆƟƢǼưƬLJơ ǺǷ ǹơǂƬdz ƢǻǂǜƬǼȇ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ DzȀLJƗ ȁƾƦȇ DzǸǠdzơ ǂưǯƗ ƾȇǂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ơƿƢǷ Wer 14 :DZȂǬȇȁ ƨǬȈǫƽ Dzǯ ļƘȇ ȂƥƢǰdzơ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƨǼƻƢLjdzơȁ ƨǰȈǸLjdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ
ơƆƾƥƗ ȅDŽƦƻ řǷ ơȂǫǂLjȇ Ń ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ƨǤǴdzƢƥ 12 !ƪǻƗ ǩȁƾǼƥ ȅƗ :œǠNj ƵȐǘǏơ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 13 ƾǠƥ DzǯƘȇ Ń ǺăǷ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 14 81
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƨǟǂLjƥ śǨǫơȁ DzǯƘǻ ǺŴ .ƢǼǷ ƗDŽȀȇ ȏ Ȃǿ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ hat noch zu fressen Ȃǿ ƢǼǴǯȋ ƤLJƢǼŭơ ǶLJȏơ ƆƢǬƷ .ǞǸLjǻ ȏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǩǂƬŢ ƧǂƴǼūơȁ ǹƢƬǨnjdzơ ƤǔǤƥ DžƢǼǴdz Dzǯȋơ ǖŶ essen džȈdz Ȃǿ ƢƆǬƷ ňơȂȈūơ ǞnjŪơ Dzǯȋơ – fressen ƤLJƢǼŭơ ŚƦǠƬdzơ ƢƆǬƷ Ȃǿ fressen .ƧȐǐdzơ džǬǗ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ƨdzȁƢǗ DZȂƷ śǠǸƬĐơ .ǾǴǸǠƬLjǻ ȅǀdzơ ƩƢǸǴLjŭơ ȏȂdzȁ .ǞƟƢƳ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬLjŭơ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇȁ .ƢǼƫƢƥƢȈǣ DzǿƢƴƬȇ ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬLjŭơ .ƢǼȇƾȇƗ ǺǷ ƨǼƻƢLjdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬdz ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǒǧǂȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƢŠǁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ǂǴƦŤ .ǁƾǬdzơ DzǨLJƗ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬdz ƨLjŨ Ǿdz ȄǘąǠȇĄ ǞȈǸŪơ ƨǬǧơȂŠ .ǂǴƦŤ ǁȁƽ ƔȆŸ .ǾǟȂǻ ǺǷ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ DzǯƘȇ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȂȀǧ DzăȈūơ DzƳǁ ǾǻƗ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƶǓơȁ Dzǰnjƥ Őǰȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƨũƾdzơ ƨƦƳȂdzơ DzƦǫ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤLjƷ ǽƔƢǠǷƗ ǡǂƒǨȇĄ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .Ȑ Ɔ ǏƗ ƧŚƦǯ Ȇǿ Ŗdzơ Dzǯȋơ ȄǴǟ Ǿƫǁƾǫ ǾȈdzƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇ Dzǰdzơ .ǾǴǣȂǻ ǂƬLjŭơ ŕƷ .Ǯdzƿ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Dzǰdzơȁ ǽǀǿ ǾƦǿơȂŠ ǁȂƼǧ Ǿǻƛ ơƆƾǠƬLjǷ ƢƷǂǧ Ʊǂźȁ .ǑƢƷǂŭơ Ŀ ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ƣƢƦdzơ ǪǴǤȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣƢƴǟƜƥ Nu, Templer, hast du ƨȈƸƬdzƢƥ ǾǻȂǴƦǬƬLjȇ Dzǰdzơȁ ǾǴǸǟ ƧǂǸưƥ ǝƢƬǸƬLJȐdz
ǞǸąLjȇĄ džǸnjdzơ ƣȁǂǣ ǞǷ Platz genug für die Suppe gemacht?15 .ǺȇŚưǯ ƢǼLjdz ƩƢǟƢLJ ƧƾǠdz Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ śǻƢǠƦNj ƢǼǴǯ ƮȈƷ DzǸǠdzơ ƔƢȀƬǻƢƥ ŚǨǐdzơ
ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴȁ ƣǂǔǴdz ƤƦLJ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ȂƥƢǰǴdz .ơƆƾȈƳ ƢƆLJƢLjƷƛ džŴ ǺŴ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ǹȂǰǻ ƩƢǟƢLjdzơ ǒǠƥ .ǾȈǴǟ ǁƾǬǻ ȏ ƧƽƢǟ ȅǀdzơ ǂǷȋơ ƨƳȁDŽdzơȁ ǵȋƢƥ .ǁơǂƷȋơ DžƢǼdzơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƔƢLjǠƫ ǹȂǰǻ
ƨƥǁȂnjǴdz ƢƆǻƢǰǷ ƨȇƢǨǰdzơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ƪǣǂǧƗ Dzǿ ǂǴƦŤ ƢĈȈǿ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 15 82
ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ Ȃǿ Ƣŭ ƨǷȐǟ ǾȈǧ ȃǂǻ ǹƗȁ DŽǷǂǯ ƭăƾƷă Dzǯ ǂLjǨǻ ǹƗ ȆǓăǂǷă ǾƳȂƫ ƢǻƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ .ƧǁƢƴūơ ŚȈǤƫ DZƢǨƬƷơ -Wäschetauschen ǂǜƬǼǻ ǺŴȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ śǠƦLJ ǀǼǷ .Ʃƕ ơȂLjȈdz ǹƢŭȋơ .ƢǼȈdzƛ ƨƦȇǂǫ ƨȀƦŪơ ǹȋ ƧǁƢƴūơ Ŀ ƢƆǐǬǻ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƛ ƪdzƢǫ ƨȇȂǬdzơ ƨǟƢNjȍơ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .Ƥȇǂǫ ǂȇǂƸƬdzƢǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƩƢȈdzƢLJǁƛ džƬǨNjȁƗ ńƛ ơȂƦǴŸ ǹƗ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ǹȂƐǨǐĄȇ ǥȂLJ ƤȇǂǬdzơ Ŀ Ǿǻƛ ƧƾǯƚǷ ƨǷȐǟ Ȃǿ ŚƻƘƬdzơ .ǾLjǰǟ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǞǸĄLJ ŚLjǨƬdzơ ȅǂŸ ǹƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ƨǁơƽƛ ƪǸƬǿơ ƾǬǧ ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯȁ ƪǴǏȁ džƥȐŭơ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ .ǦƟơǂǐdzơ Dzǯ Ŀ ǾLjǨǻ ƪǫȂdzơ Ŀȁ ƔȆƳƢǨǷ Dzǰnjƥ DZơƾƦƬLJȏơ ƽȂƳȂdzơ ǁƽƢǻ ȂȀǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ƲȈLjǼdzƢƥ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƢƆǐǬǻ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǩăǂŬơ ǺǷ ƨǧƢǨdz ȄǴǟ DZȂǐūơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .DZƢǣȁ ƾǼǟ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ǥǂǗ ǩDŽŶ ƢǼǻƗ ŕƷ śǴƳǂdzơ Ƣđ ǖƥǂǼdz ƲȈLjǻ ƨǧƢǨdzȁƗǦǻȋơ ǦȈǜǼƬdz ƾƷƗ ǺǷ ŚǤǏ ǞƥǂŠ ȆǨƬǰǻ ƢǼǻƜǧ ȏƐ ƛȁ śƬǴȇȂǗ ƢƬǻƢǯ ơƿƛ śƬǸƌǰdzơ ǺǷ ǩĈDŽŶ .ǽŚȈǤƫ Ǯdzǀǯȁ Ƨǂƥƛȁ ǖȈƻ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐūơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ DZƢƷ ƨȇƗ ȄǴǟ .džƥȐŭơ ǥơǂǗƗ ƨƼLjƬŭơ ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ džƥȐŭơ .ǶȈǴLjƬdzơ ƾǼǟ ǹƢȈǠǴdz ŚȈǤƬdzơ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ŕƷ ƨƦǿȂǷ ơƿ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƨǟǂLjƥ ǹȂƸǴǐȇ ƮȈƷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǘȈƼŭơ ńƛ ƨǘǴƬű ƢǿƾȈǠǻ ƨǫDŽǸŭơȁ ȏ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ƶǓơȁ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ƨȈǻƢƯ džƥȐŭơ ǹȂǟǃȂȇȁ (DzLjǤdzơ ǶƬȇ Ǻdz) ǂǷǀƬdzơ ƗƾƦȇ .ƨǴǷƢǯ ƧƘƳƢǨǷ Ŀ DzȇƾƦƬdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ ǶȈƼŭơ ƩƢǘǴLJ DZȁƢŢ džƥȐŭơ ǩDŽǸƬƫ śǠdzơ ƽƢƷȁ Ȇǯƿ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǂǜǻ DzǤǴǤƬȇ ǹƗ ǞǼǷ ǺǰŲ Śǣ DZƢūơ ƨǠȈƦǘƥ Ǻǰdzȁ Dzǯ ǥǂǟ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǧ DZȐƻ .ǶȈǬǠƬdzơ ƨǧǂǣ ǺǷ Ʊǂƻ ȅǀdzơ ǃƢȀŪơ ƔƢǘǤdz ǥȂLJ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿȁ DzǸǠĄȇ ǹƗ ǮNjȁ ȄǴǟ Wäschetauschen DZơ ǹƗ ǶȈƼŭơ .ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ DzƦǫ ƪǴǏȁ Ŗdzơ śȇǁƢǤǼŮơ ƨȈdzƢLJǁƛ ǺǷ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƢƆǻƢǐǸǫ ǹȂǟǃȂȇ
83
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
džȈdz ƆƢȈǧƢǓƛ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ǺăǷ Dzǯȁ .DzǠǨdzơ ƽȁƽǁ ǺǷ ƨǴLjǴLJ ȏƆ ƢƷ ƩǁƢƯƗ ƨǷȂǴǠŭơ ǚǧƢŹ ŕƷ DŽƦƻ DzƥƢǬǷ ǽơǂƬNjơ ȁƗ ƨǴȈūƢƥ ǽǀƻƗ ȁƗ ǩ ć ȁǂLjǷ ƢĈǷƛ ƩƢǨǏơȂŭơ ƤLjƷ ȅƽƚƫ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ǵƢǠǘdzƢƥ ǾdzƾƦƬLjȇ ǹƗ ǺǰǸƬȇ Ȇǰdz ǒǯǂȇ Ȃǿȁ ƽŐdzơ ǺǷ ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ .ƨǸȈǫ Ǿdz ȄǬƦƫ ȏ ŕƷ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ƨǸȈǫ ǒȈǨţ ńƛ ƨǟƢNjȍơ ȁƗ ǁƢƦƻȋơ ǝȂǼŲ Dzƥ) ƆƢǫȐǗƛ ƨǟȂǼŲ ƩȐȇƾƦƬdzơ ǹƗ ǞǷ .ơƆƾƳ ǖȈnjǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ƨƥǁƢǬƬŭơ ƩƢnjȈƬǨƬdzƢƥ ǹƢǷȂǬȇ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ ȁƗ DžȂǧƢǰdzơ ǹƗ ǞǷȁ (ǮǴƒ ǷĄ ȅƗ ǭȐƬǷơ ƾǠƥ ȏƆ ƢƷ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǞǷ ǝȐǘƬLJȏơ œŰȁ ǺƟƢƥDŽdzơ ǹƜǧ ǁƢƴƬdzơ ƧǂǷ Dzǯ ǹƢƥǂȀȇȁ ƨǧƾǐdzƢƥ džȈdzȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǩǂNj ŅƢſ ƨȇȁơDŽdzơ Ŀ ƨǘȈnjǻ ǩȂLJ ƶƬǨǼƫ DzǸǠdzơ ƔƢȀƬǻơ ȆǨǧ ƔƢƬnjdzơ Ŀ ƢǷƗ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ ǦȈǐdzơ Ŀ Džƛ.Džȍơ ǦƟơǂǏ ǺǷ ơƆƾǠƥ ǂưǯȋơ ƨȇȁơDŽdzơ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ǥǂǣ ȃƾƷƛ ǹȂLjƟƢȇ ƨǐǫơǂƬǷ ǶĔȂȈǟȁ ƧǂǷƢǓ ǶȀǿƢǨNj DžƢǼdzơ Ʃơǂnjǟ ȄnjǸƬȇ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƨǟƢǔƦdzơ ǑǂąǠƫĄ ƮȈƷ ǹƢǰǷ ńƛ ǶǿƽȂǬȇȁ ǶđǀǠȇ ǶȀǟȂƳ ǹƛ .ǝȂŪơ ƧƾNj ǺǷ ǺǷ ƢǿȁǂǧȂȇ ǹƗ ơȂƸų ƧŚǤǏ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ ƢǷ Dzǯ ƆơƾƳ ƨȇǂǤŭơ DzȇƾƦƫ ǺǷ ơȂǼǰǸƬȇ ǹƗ ƤƟƢƻ DzǷƘƥ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ơȁƔƢƳ ƾǬdz .ǦǏȂȇ ȏ ƾȀŝ ƵƢƦǐdzơ Ŀ ƨdzȁơƾƬŭơ ǵƢǠǘdzơ ȁƗ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ƨǸȈǫ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ œǣȁ ƱƿƢLJ ǎƼNj ǞǷ ƧƾȈƳ ƔƢȈNjƗ ǺǷ ơƆǂƬdz DŽƦŬơ ƨƦƳȁ ǦǐǼƥ ǹȂǰǴŻȁ ƾƟơǃ Őǐƥ ǹȂǧǂǐƬȇ ǒǠƦdzơ .ǵȂȈdzơ Ǯdzƿ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹȂdzƾƦƬLjȇ ƨȈǻƢƯȁ DzǨLJȋơ ǺǷ ƢǗƢǘƦdzơ ƢȇƢǬƥ ǒǠƥ ƨȈǨƻ ǹȂƳǂźȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǞǬȇ ŕƷ ȁƗ ǶđƢǐǟƗ ǁƢȀǼƫ ǹƗ ńƛ ǮȈdzơȁƽ ơǀǰǿȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzƢƥ DŽƦŬơ Ľ DŽƦŬƢƥ ǭƢǼǿ .ǺȇŚưǰdzơ ǵƢǷƗ ǶȀǿȂƳȁ śȀȇȁ ǶȀȈǴǟ ƹǂǐȇȁ ǶȀƬǴǸǟ Ŀ ǶȀǘƦǔȇȁ ƺǨdzơ Ŀ ƭƾƸȈLJ ơƿƢǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǶŮ ǥȁǂǠǷ .ƾȈƷȂdzơ ǾǐȈǸǫ ǞȈƦȈdz ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ ńƛ ƔȆŸ ǺǷ ƆƢǔȇƗ :DZƘLjȇ .ƪȈǯƢŪơ ƪŢ ǺǷ ƨȈǘǤƫ ȅƗ ǶȀǸLjƳ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ǭǁąƾȇĄ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹƘƥ ǹȂƦȈŸ Ƕǿȁ .ƨǴǰnjŭơ Ŀ ƮƸƦǴdz ƵƢƬƬǧơ ĺƢǘƻ DZơƚLJ ơǀǿȁ Ƕđ ơȂǴǠǧ ơƿƢǷ .ǩĈƾǐȇ ƾƷƗ ȏȁ řȈƫȁǁ Ȃǿ ƣơȂŪơ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơ Ŀ ǶȀǼǷ ǩǂĄLJ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ǞȈƥ ƨƟƢǷ Dzǯ ǺǷ ƧĈǂǷ śǠLjƫȁ ǞLjƫ DZȐƻ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǠƫ ǶȈƼŭơ ƧǁƢƴƷ ŕƷ ǾǻƗ ƨǬȈǬūơȁ ǾǐȈǸǫ Ǻǟ DZȁƚLjǷ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǹƗ Ȃǿ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǝȂŪơ ƤƦLjƥ ǎȈǸǬdzơ 84
ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ
.ǂƻƕ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƘȇ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥȁ . ƢƆƥǂǓ ǾǠLJȂȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdz .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǮƒǴǷĄ Ǿǻȋ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ .ǹȂȈǼȀŭơ ǁƢƴƬdzơ ǦǬȇ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ .Ƣēơƿ ƨǐǬdzơ ǁǂǰƬƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ȁƗ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ Ŗdzơ ƨǰȈǸLjdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹȂƸǏ ǶȀǷƢǷƗ .ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȈdzơ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǃŐȇ .ƨǸƟơƾdzơ ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ .ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ơȂǬƥ DzƟȐǫ ǹȂȈǻƢǻȂȇ .ǹȂƬǷƢǏ ǶȀǰLJƢŤ ƧȂǬƥȁ DzăȈūƢƥ ƢȀȈǴǟ ơȂǴǐƷ Dzǰdzơ .ƢǼǿ Ƣđ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ Ŗdzơ ƨȈŲȋơ ƨƴȀǴdzơ DzǰnjƬdzȁ ǶȈƼŭơ ǞƥƢǘdz ơƆŚưǯ ơȂǸȀLJƗ ƾǫȁ la comedera es ǹƗȁ ǁąƾǬdzơ ȁƗ ǺƸǐdzơ Ȇǿ caravana ǹƗ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ȇǿ ƢȀǟơȂǻƘƥ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ńƛ Śnjƫ Ŗdzơ ƨǸǴǰdzơȁ .ƧƾȈŪơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ buena Ǻȇǀdzơ DzƟȐǬdzơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ Ɣȏƚǿ .ňƢǻȂȇ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ƨǸǴǰdzơ DzǏƗȁ , Klepsi-Klepsi ƔȆNj Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ǹȁǁƽƢǬdzơ ƨȈǻƢǻȂȇȁ ȂȈǻǁȏ ǹȂǸǴǰƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ȆǰȈǻȂdzƢLJ ƨǨƟƢǗ ǺǷ ơȂǬƥ ǂƸƦdzơ ƩƢǧƢǬƯ ǺǷ ƾȈdzƢǬƫ ƢȀȈǧ ƱǃƢǸƬƫ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƨǼǘǧ ȁȁƿ ƧŚƦǯ ƨȈƫƢȈƷ ƨǸǰƷ ȁȁƿ Ƕǿ Ŀ ȆǸǴǟȁ DžȁǁƾǷ ȆƴȀǼǷ ǕƢnjǻ ńƛ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƩǂƴƷƾƫ ƨǼǘǨdzơ ǽǀǿ .ǖLJȂƬŭơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǁƢǰƬƷȏơ ƔơǂNjȁ ƧƾȈŪơ ǦƟƢǛȂdzơ ȄǴǟ ǝơǂǐdzơȁ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ DZƢů DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Dzǯ ơȂǿǂǯ ǶĔƗ ƨǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ȆǘǤƫ ǹƗ ȏ ƤŸ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .DzăȈūơ .ǹƢLjǻȍơ ƨǷơǂǯ ȄǴǟ ǶēȂǫ Dzǰƥ ơȂǜǧƢƷ ƾǬdz :Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ .Ǿƫơƿ ƾŞ ƢƆǧƾǿ ǦǼǠǴdz ǂưǯȋơ Dzƥ ƢƆǰLJƢŤ ǂưǯȋơ ƨȈǷȂǬdzơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ ńƛ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ śȈǻƢǻȂȈdzơ ƪdzĈȂƷ ǪƟƢǬūơ ǽǀǿ .ƨȈǻƢLjǻƛ ǶȀǨǗƢǠǷ ƺƥƢǘŭơ Ŀ ǵƢǠǘdzơ ƨǫǂLjƥ śǐǐƼƬŭơ ƾš ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǂƬdz DzƥƢǬǷ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ .ƪƥƢƯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǂǠLJ ƨƥǁȂnjǴdz .ǒǷƢǣ Dzǰnjƥ ƨƻȂǨǼǷ ƾȀƴǴdz ƢƆǬƦǗȁ ǶƟơƽ Dzǰnjƥ ŚǤƬƫ ƢǗƢǘƦdzơȁ ǁDŽŪơȁ ƪǨǴdzơ ǹƢťƗ Ǯdzƿ DzƥƢǬǷ ƾƷơȁ .ǹǃƢƼŭơ DžơǂƷ ƧȂNjǂdz ǾǠǧƽ ƤŸ ȅǀdzơ ǺǸưdzơȁ ƨǷǃǁ Dzǯ ǺƴLjdzơ ƩȂǻƢƷ Ŀ ƢƆȈũǁ ǝƢƦƫ ǢƦƬdzơ ǺǷ ƩƢƬǧ Ȇǿȁ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǹȂǠȈƦȇ ǹƢǯ ƨǏƢƻ ƩȏȂǏȁ DzƥƢǬǷ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ƔơǂNj ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ .ǵơǂǣ 50 ǺǷ ǹȂǰƬƫ ƢƆǸǜǼǷ džȈdz ƩȏȂǏȂdzơ ǞȇǃȂƫ .ǺȇǃƢƬǸŭơ DZƢǸǠdzơ ȄǴǟ Ƨǁơƽȍơ ƢȀǟǃȂƫ ǹƗ ƢƆǓȁǂǨǷ ProminentenDZơȁ ǹȂdzȁƚLjŭơ Ǯdzǀdz .ƨǛƢǜǨƥȁ ƾȇƾNj DzƼƦƥ ǽǀȈǨǼƫ ȅǂŸȁ ǹȂǷƾƼƬLjȇ ƢȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ ȏ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǶȀȇƾȇȋ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ƢĔȁǀƻƘȇ-ǂǰLjǠŭơ ȂǨǛȂǷ 85
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ńƛ ƾȇ ǺǷ DzǬƬǼƫ ƩȏȂǏȂdzơ ǹƜǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ .ǶȀȇƾȇȋ ƢǿȁǀƻƘȇ Ȇǰdz ǶēƢȈƷȐǏ śǻơȂǬdzơ ƤLjƷ ŚǤƬƫ ƢȀƬǸȈǫȁ .DZƢǸǴdz Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǩȂLJ Ŀ ȃǂƻƗ .ȆLJƢȈLjdzơ ƽƢǐƬǫȐdz ƨȈǰȈLJȐǰdzơ DzǏȂdzơ ǁƢǏ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ DŽƦŬơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƩȏȂǏȂdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ ƢȀȈǧ ơȂǠǧƽ ǵƢȇƗ ƪǻƢǯ ƨƦƳȁ ńƛ DzǏȂdzơ ǂǠLJ ǞǨƫǁơ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾƷƗ Ŀȁ .ƮǴƯȁ ƨƦƳȂƥ ŕƷȁ Ǟƥǁȁ ƨƦƳȂƥ ǒǨŵơ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƩȂǻƢƷ ńƛ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" Dzǐƫ Ń ƢǷ ƪǫȁ ƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ Ǧǐǻȁ ƧŚǐǫ ƧǂƬǨdz ƪǠǨƫǁơ ƩȏȂǏȂdzơ ƨǸȈǫ .ƨƦƳȁ Ǟƥǁ ńƛ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ DzǏȂdzơ ǂǠLJ ǺǷ ƨǠǧƽ ƪǴǏȁ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȅƗ ƔƢLjǼdzơ ǶLjǫ Ŀ ƩƢȈƬǨdzơ ŚǤƬƫ :ǾǟȂǻ ǺǷ ƾȇǂǧ ƤƦLjƥ ȃǂLJȋơ ǭȂǴƥ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ ǹƢǯ ƮȈƷ .ƩƢǬƥƢLjdzơ ǺdzƾƦƬLjȇ ƩƢȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ƩơȁƢǼLjūơ DzƥƢǬǷ ƪǻƢǯȁ ƾȇƾƸƬdzơ ǶȀǬȇƢǔȇ Ń Ǯdzǀdz ƽȂȀȈǴdz džȈdzȁ śȈLJƢȈLjdzơȁ śȈƟƢǼŪơ ƢȀƬǸȈǫ ǝƢǨƫǁơ ƢǼǿ ǺǷ .ŐǯƗ ƨȈǸǯ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǹȂȈǼǠŭơ ǶƬǿơ ƾǫȁ śǴǏȁ ȁƗ DzǏȁ .ǖǬǧ ƆơŚǐǫ ƢƆƬǫȁ ƩǂǸƬLJơ Ŗdzơ ƨƠƳƢǨŭơ ƪǻƢǯ ƧƆ ƽƢǟȁ .ơȂǼƻƾȇ ŕƷ"ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǹȁƾȇǂȇ ǹȁŚưǯ Ǻǰȇ Ń śȇƽƢǠdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ śƥ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ .ƢǻȂƦǴdz śȈǻƾŭơ śǴǷƢǠdzơ ȅƾȇƗ ńƛ Dzǐƫȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ńƛ ƢȀǬȇǂǗ ƾš DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ ŚǧȂƫ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ǹƢǯ śƴLjdzơ .DzȇƢƸƬǴdz ǂưǯƗ ơƆŚưǯ ƨǧȂdzƘŭơ ǩǂǘdzơ ȃƾƷƛ Ȃǿȁ ǢƦƬdzơ ȅǂƬnjȇ ňƾǷ "ȁƉ Ƣǿ" ǞǷ ƨǴǏ ǶȈǬȇ ǁǀŞ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" Ŀ ƢȀǨǛȂȇȁ ǹƢǯ ƩȂǻƢūơ Ŀ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ƨƦƳȂdzơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȂƥ ǾǻƗ ȅƗ .ơƆƾǬǻ ǢƦƬdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ Ǟǧƾȇ ƨǴǏ ǪǴţ ƪǻƢǯ ǂǠLjdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨǴǏƢǨŭơ .ǾǫȁƾǼǏ ńƛ ǾǴƻƾȇȁ "ƶƥǂdzơ" DzǯƘȇ śƴLjdzơ ǖ Ɗ Ǡą Ąȇ Ń ƧĈǂǷ Ʃơƿ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ŃƢǠdzơ ƽƢǐƬǫơȁ ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz ȆǴƻơƾdzơ ƽƢǐƬǫȏơ śƥ ǭȐLJȋơ Ƕǣǁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ȄǴǟ ƭƾūơ ơǀǿ ǂƐƯƗ ȏƆ ƢƷȁ ǥȂǯơǂǯ ƨǼȇƾǷ ǹƢǰLjdz ǢƦƫ Ŀȁ ƆơƾƳ ǞǨƫǁơ "ƨǫȁǂƄơ" ǂǠLJ .ƢȀǴǯ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ DzǐǨƫ Ŗdzơ ƨǰƟƢnjdzơ ."DzǏȂdzơ" ƨǸȈǫ ƪǠǨƫǁơ Ǯdzƿ ƣƢǬǟƗ DzƥƢǬǷ ȅǂƬnjȇ ǮǴƬƦŮơ .ǂưǯƗ ơƆƾǬǠǷ Ȑ Ɔ ưǷ ǶǯƢǿȁ ƨǘȈLjƦdzơ ƨǴưǷȋơ ǺǷ Ȃǿ Dzưŭơ ơǀǿ ƨǫDŽŲȁ Ƨǁǀǫ ƨǧƎǂǬƒ ǷĄ ƨǫąǂƻĉ ƨȇƾǿ ȄǴǟ DzǐŹ ŕƷ ƢǻƢȈƷƗ ȁƗ DŽƦŬơ DzƥƢǬǷ ȁƗ "ƨǫȁǂŰ" ơǀǿ DzƥƢǬǷ .ǺȇƾȈdzơȁ DžƗǂdzơ DzƻƾĄȇ ǹƗ ƢŮȐƻ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƣȂǬƯ ƨƯȐƯ ǾȈǧ ƆƢǐȈǸǫ ƧƢǸLjŭơ 86
ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ
DZơƾƦƬLJơ ƾǼǟ DzǷƢǯ ǎȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ƢƆȈǴǯ ƢƆǨdzƢƫ ȁƗ Ȑ Ɔ ǸǠƬLjǷ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ŕƷ DžȂƦǴŭơ ƨdzȂǬǠǷ ƨƦƳȁ ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ȄǬǴƬȇ ƨǫąǂŬ ĉ ơ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ǀƻƗ ȅǀdzơ ŚLJȋơ .ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ džƥȐŭơ .džƥȐŭơ ȄǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƄơ Ŀ DZƢŷȍơ Ƨǂȇǂŝ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ ǺǷ ǎȈǸǬdzơȁ ƤLJƢǼŭơ ǎȈǸǬǴdz ǶȈȈǬƬdzơ Ŀ ǩǂǧ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdz ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ Ǯdzǀdz ƾŸ ǹƗ ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾŸ ȏ ǽǀȀǯ ƨǫąǂƻĉ Ǿȇƾȇ Ŀ ȅǀdzơ ŚLJȋơ .ƨȈdzƢƥȁ ƨǫDŽŲ ƨǫąǂƻĉ Ȃǿ ȅǀdzơ ƧŚưǰdzơ ƩƢǤǴdzơ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ǾƬǸȈǫ DZȐǤƬLJơ ȄǴǟ ơƆǁƽƢǫ džȈdz ƾďȈƳ ǎȈǸǫ ǾǠǷ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǷǃ Ŀ Ǿǻȋ ȁƗ ǽǁȂǷƗ Ƥďƫǂȇ ŕƷ ƨƦǿȂǷ Ǿȇƾdz ƪLjȈdz Ǿǻȋ ȁƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ DZƢƳǁ ƢȀǸǴǰƬȇ Ŗdzơ ǾǐȈǸǫ DzƥƢǬǷ ƧŚǤǏ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȂƥ ȆǨƬǰȇ Śƻȋơ ơǀǿ .śȈǻƾǷ DZƢǸǠƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ȏ ǾǴǸǟ ǹƗ DzǷƗ ǽƾǼǟ ƨǷƽƢǬdzơ Ƨǂŭơ Ŀ ǹƢǐǸǬdzơ DZơƾƦƬLJƢƥ Ǿǻȋ ǵǃȐdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ǁǂǔƬȇ ȏ .ǾǴǯ ŚLJȋơ ƢǸǼȈƥ .ƨǧƾǏ ǒŰ Ȃǿ ƧƾĈȈŪơȁ ƨƠȈLjdzơ ǹƢǐǸǬdzơ ǞȇǃȂƫ ǹȋ DzǔǧƗ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƘȇ ȅǀdzơ ǺǗơȂǷ DzǷƢǠdz ǾǠȈƦȇ ǹƗȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ǾƥǂȀȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ơƆƾďȈƳ ƢƆǐȈǸǫ ǀƻƗ ȅǀdzơ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .DŽƦƻ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǂnjǟ ȁƗ ƨƬLJ ȁƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǀƻƘȇ ƢȀǴƥƢǬǷȁ ǂƻȉ ȁƗ ƨǫǂŬơ ǀƻƗ ǾǼǷ ƱȁǂŬơ Ŀ ƧǁȂǘƻ ǭƢǼǿ .ƢƆǔȇƗ ƆơŚƦǯ ơƆǂǘƻ ǂǷȋơ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ ǂưǯƗ ƶƥǂdzơ ơǀǰǿ ǺǰŻ .ǎȈǸǫ ǹȁƾƥ ǾȈdzƛ ƧƽȂǠdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗ Ƨƈ Śǘƻȁ śǐȈǸǫ ǞǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺǷ ǹƗ ƶǸLjȇ ǹƗ ƽƽǂƬȇ ȏ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǨǴƬűȁ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ǂǜǻ ƩƢȀƳȁ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ơǀŮ ǽǀǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǢƦƫ ȁƗ DŽƦƻ DzƥƢǬǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƢȀǠȈƦȇ ŕƷ Ƥǿǀdzơ ǹƢǼLJƗ ǾǸǧ ǺǷ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ŚLJƗ ȅƗ "DZƉ Ƣǟ Ƕǫǁ" ƤƷƢǏ ǹȐǧ .ǖȈLJȁ ƨǘLJơȂƥ Ʃơǂŭơ ƤǴǣƗ Ŀ ȅǂš ƨdzƽƢƦŭơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƤȈǿǂdzơ ǂƫȂƬdzơȁ ǝȂŪơ ƤƦLjƥ ƨȇƢǨǰdzơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ŇƢǟ Ǻǰdzȁ ơƆǂƻƚǷ DzǏȁ ȁƗ ǾǸǧ Ŀ "ơƆǂLjƳ" ƾȇƾŪơ ŚLJȌdz ǹƗ ǚƷȐȇ Śƻȋơ ."ǒǨƼǼǷ Ƕǫǁ" ńƛ ǹȐǨƥ ȆǬƬǴȇ ǥǂǠȇ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛȁ .ƢǻȂƦdzơ ńƛ Ƥǿǀdzơ ǀƻƘȇȁ ǶǴLjȇ "ǒǨƼǼŭơ"ơǀǰǿȁ .Ƥǿǀdzơ ǺǷ ƧĈƾNj ƶƥǂȇ ǹƗ Ȑ Ɔ Ǡǧ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ Ȇnjȇ ȏȁ ǝƾź ȏ ǹƗ Ǿƥ ƨǬưdzơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢƆȈǻƾǷ Ȑ Ɔ ǷƢǟ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ȁƗ ǹƢƬƦƳȁ ƢǷ ƪǫȁ Ŀ ȄǘąǠƫĄ Ŗdzơ DŽƦŬơ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ Ǻȇǂnjǟ ȁƗ Ƨǂnjǟ ȄǴǟ ƩƢǬǨǏ ƾǬǟ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǾȇȂǼƬdzơ ƤŸ .DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢƦƳȁ ƭȐƯ ȄǴǟ ƢȀƬǸȈǫ Ŗdzơ ƨǟƢǔƦdzƢƥ ǖǬǧ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Dzƻơƽ ƢǸǼȈƥ ŐǯƗ ǩƢǘǻ
87
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
śǘȈƄơ ǞǸǗ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƣƢLjūơ ȄǴǟ ǺǰŻ ȏ ƢǼǿ ƮȈƷ .DŽƦƻ ƩƢƦƳȁ ǞƥǁƗ ǂưǯȋơ .DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ ƨȈǸǯ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǮǻȂǘǠȇ ȏ ǮǬȇƢǔȇ ȅǀdzơ ǝȂŪơȁ Ǯƥ ƽƢǐƬǫȏ DžƢLJȋơ ƢǼȇƗǁ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƧǁȂǘƬǷ śȈǻƾŭơ DZƢǸǠdzơ ǞǷ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ ƧǁƢƦǠdzơ ƶȇǂǐƥ ƧǁȂǯǀǷ Ȇǿȁ .ǶȈƼŭơ ƨǸǜǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƳȁǂƻ ƧŐƬǠǷ ƢĔƗ ǞǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ śȈǻƾŭơ ǞǷ ǑȁƢǨƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣƢǬǠdzơ ."ƨȈLJƢȈLjdzơ" ƩƢǫȁǂŬơ DzưǷ ƧŚǘƻ ŐƬǠƫȁ ńƛ DzăLJǂą ȇĄ ƨǸȀƬdzơ ǽǀđ ǶȀƬŭơ ŚLJȋơ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz Śǘƻ Handel mit Zivilisten ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ǶƸǨdzơ ǶƳƢǼǷ ńƛ ǭǁƢƥ ƾȇƢǿ ńƛ ȁƗ ƢȈǻƢȇ ńƛ (1) džƬȈǨȈǴǤȈdz ńƛ DzLJąǂȇĄ ǺăǷȁ .ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ ǾdzƢLJǁƛ ǞǼŻ ǺăǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƧȂǘLjdzơ ƣƢƸǏƗ śƥ ƾŸ DzǷƢǠdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ .ȃȂǬdzơ ǹơƾǬǧ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨǴȈǴǫ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ DZȐƻ ƩȂŻ ƧƽƢǟ ǶƸǨdzơ ǶƳƢǼǷ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǂǰLjǠǷ ńƛ DzLJǂȇȁ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƩƢǘǴLjdzơ ńƛ DzLJąǂȇĄ ƨƸąǼŪ ƌ ơ Ŀ Ǯȇǂnjdzơ ǺǗơȂŭơ śƥ ȆǸǴǟ ƾƷ ȄǴǟ ǭƢǼǿ NJȈǠȇ Ȃǿȁ ƢǼǧȁǂǛ DzưǷ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ NJȈǠȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǭƢǼǿȁ ǶȀǼǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ǹȂǴǐȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǹȂȈǻƾŭơ DZƢǸǠdzơ .ǺȇǂȀNj ńƛ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǂnjǟ ƨLjŨ ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ ǶēƢȈƳƢƷ ǹȂǠǔȇ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǼǠǷ ǹȂǴǠǨȇ ƢǸǯ ǶŮȂǏȁ ǁȂǧ ǶȀLjƥȐǷ Dzǯ ǶǿǂǠNj ǹȂǬǴŹ ȏȁ ǶȀǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ƢƆǸǫǁ ǹȂũǂȇ ȏȁǍƢƻ ǹDŽű Ŀ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ȏƆ ƢǸǟƗ ơȂǴǸǠȇ ǹƗ ǶȀȈǴǟ DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ǵƢȇƗ Dzǯ Ŀ .ǶȀƬȈǐƼNjȁ ǶēǁȂǐƥ ǹȂǬƦȇ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ǶȀȈǴǟ ȅǂLjȇ ȏ ƩƢǟȂǸů ńƛ DzǐǨdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǼǴưǷ ǵǁƢǏ ǕƢƦǔǻơ ǞǷ ƢǼǴưǷ ƨǫƢNj .śȇƽƢǠdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ śƥȁ ǶȀǼȈƥ ƨǴǏ ƨȇƗ ǭƢǼǿ ƪLjȈdzȁ ȃƽơǂǧ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǑơǂǷȋơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ȃȂǬdzơ ƽƢǨǼdz ơȂƫȂŻ Ń ơƿƛȁ ǖǬǧ ƣƢǬǟ Ȃǿ ǶŮ ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ơȂǻƢǯ Ȃdz .ňƢLjǻƛ ǞǸƬů ńƛ DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ǵƢȇƗ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀ ơȁƽȂǠȇ ǹƗ ŚƦǯ DzǷƗ ǶǿƾǼǟ ǹȂƸƬǨȇȁ ƧƢȈūơ ŃƢǟ śƥȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ȅǀdzơ ǁȂLjdzơ Ŀ ƧǂǤƯ ǹȂƸƬǨȇ ơȂǻƢǯ ƢǼǠǷ ơȂǸǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ȏ ƧƢȈƷ ǖŶ Ȃǿ ƢǼdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢǼǨǴȇ ȅǀdzơ ǑȂǸǤdzơ ƆȐȈǴǫ Ȃdzȁ ǹȂƠȈǔȇȁ ƧĈȂǯ .ňƢŭȋơ ǞǸƬĐơ ŘƦǷ Ŀ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǑƎǂǧƌ ƧƢȈƷ ǖŶ ǾƬȇƢĔ ȃǂǻ ȄǴǟ ơȂƦǫȂǟ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǶǷȋơ ǞȈŦ ƔƢǼƥƗ śȈǻƾŭơ DZƢǸǠǴdz ǍƢƻ ǶLjǫ ƢǼǸȈű Ŀ ǶLjǬdzơ śƥ DzǐǨȇ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ǁơƾƳ .ȃǂLJȋơ ǞǷ ǶŮ ƪǻƢǯ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǫ Śǣ ƩȏƢǐƫơ E-Lager ȄĈǸLjĄȇ ǶLjǬdzơ ơǀǿ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǵƢLjǫƗ ƨȈǬƥ śƥȁ śǻƾŭơ DZƢǸǠǴdz ǎǐƼŭơ 88
ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ
ǺǷ DZȁȋơ ǥǂūơ Ȇǿȁ "śȈǻƾŭơ" ǹȂǸLjȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ȃǂLJȋơ ńƛ DŽǷǂƫ eȁ (eǂǰLjǠǷ) ."ƨȈƥǂƬdzơ" ȅƗ ErziehungƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǺǷ ƧǁƢƬű ƨǟƢǔƦƥ ƧǁƢš ƪǻƢǯ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǿƢǼǠǓȁ Ŗdzơ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ Dzǯ ǶŮ ǞƥƢƫ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǷ Dzǯ .ǶȈƼŭơ ǭȐǷƗ ƩƢƦȇǂē ơȂǠǼŻ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǏǂŹ Džƛ .Džȍơ ǾǴǯ .ƢƆƫơȂǷƗ ǵƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ƔƢȈƷƗ ǶȈƼŭơ ȃǂLJƗ Dzǯ Ƕǧ Ŀ ȅǀdzơ Ƥǿǀdzơ ŕƷȁ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ ǹȂǜǧƢŹ Ƕǿ ơƿƢŭ ƶǓơȂdzơ ǺǷ Ǯdzǀdz ǶȀȇƾȇƗ Ŀ Ȑ Ɔ Ƴƕ ȁƗ Ȑ Ɔ ƳƢǟ ǞǬȈLJ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺǷ ƔȆNj ȅƗ ƣǂȀȇ ȏ ŕƷ DzǠǨdzƢƥȁ .ǵƢǟ Dzǰnjƥ ƩƢǫǂLjǴdz ƨȈƟƾƦǷ ƨǓǁƢǠǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ƨǁơƽƛ ƾǼǟ ƪLjȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ Ŀ ȅǂš Ŗdzơ ƩƢƦȇǂȀƬdzơ Ǻǟ ȅǂǿƢǜƫ Dzǰnjƥ ǥǂǘdzơ ǹȂǔǤȇ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǹƜǧ .džǯƢǠŭơ ǽƢšȍƢƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ȃƾƷƛ ƩƢƦȇǂē ƧƽƢǟ Ȇǿȁ ƆƧƽƢǟ ơƆƾƳ ƨǘȈLjƥ ǾȈdzƛȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ƩƢƦȇǂȀƬdzơ ńƛ ƢƆƦȇǂē ƾų ƆƢȈǷȂȇ ƢȀǴǸǠƬLjǻ Ŗdzơ ..łƗ ƨȇƽƢŭơ ƩƢƴƬǼŭơȁ ƧDŽȀƳȋơ ȁƗ Ʃơȁƽȋơ ǽǀȀǯ ƧǁƢš ƨƥǁȂNj ȁƗ ơƆDŽƦƻ DzƥƢǬŭƢƥ ǀƻƘǻȁ ƢƆȇǂƬnjǷ ƢŮ ƾųȁ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ǂǰLjǠŭơ DZȂǐūơ ǺǰŻ ȏȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƢȀǼǟ Ř Ć ǣ ȏ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƧǂnjƬǼǷ ƔƢƥǂȀǰdzơ ǭȐLJƗ ǡƢƦǏȋơ džǻƢǰŭơ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƢȀǼǷ .ƨǫǂLjdzơ ǪȇǂǗ Ǻǟ ȏƐ ƛ ƢȀȈǴǟ .DZƢǠǼdzơ ƶLjŭ ƪȇDŽdzƢƥ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ :Ȑ Ɔ ưǷ ǀƻƘǼdzȁ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƶLjŭ ƪȇDŽdzơ Dzǯ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƶLjǷ ƤŸ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǬȇ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǁȂƬLJƽ ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Ƣǻǂǯƿ ƢǸǯ Dzǯ ǀǨǼȇ ǹƗ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǵƢǷƗ DZȁƚLjǷ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ .ƨƸLjǸŭƢƥ ƢȀƸLjǷȁ ƵƢƦǏ Ŀ ǀƻƘƫ ƨǨȇǂǏ Dzǯ ǹƗ ơǀǿ ǺǷ ƲƬǼƬLjǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ .ƨǫƾƥ ƤǴǘdzơ ơǀǿ ǭȂǴƦdzơ ǹƢǰLJ .ǂȇƢǤǷ Ȃǿ ƤȈƫǂƬdzơ .Ǯdzǀǯ džȈdz ǂǷȋơ Ǻǰdzȁ .DZƢǠǼdzơ Ǻǿƽ ǩȂƸLjǷ ƽƾƄơ ƾǟȂŭơ ǹƢǰLjdz ƣȂǴǘŭơ ǺǷ ŐǯƗ ƨƥǁȂNj ƨȈǸǯ ƔƢLjŭơ Ŀ ǀƻƘƫ ƨǨȇǂǏ Dzǯ ǹƗ ƶȈǓȂƬdzơ ƤŸ Ȃǿ ƔȆNj Dzǯ DzƦǫ .ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ ƱơDŽǷ ƤLjƷ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ǝǃȂȇ ǒƟƢǨdzơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ȆǴǷƢǟ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓƛ ȆǘǠȇ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ǾƫȂǜƷ ƔƢǼƥƗȁ ǾƟƢǫƾǏȋ ƩƢƦƳȁ Ƨƾǟ ǝǃȂȇ Prominenten ǩȂǬūơ ƣƢƸǏƗ Dzǰdzȁ DzǸǬdzơ ȆǴƫƢǬdz śȈǴȈǴdzơ Džơǂūơȁ ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ . ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ 89
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ȄǴǟ DZȂǐƸǴdz ǾǷƾƼƬLjȇ ƢǷ ƔȆNj ȄǬƦȇ ƮȈŞ Ȇǯƿ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁȁ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ƶLjŭ ƧƽƢŭơȁ ƪȇDŽdzơ ƔơǂNj ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ǢǴƬǨdzơ ƆƢȈƟƢǬǴƫ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ƨȈǬƦdzơ .ƨǼȈǠǷ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ .ƿƢǨǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƪǰNjȁƗ ƢǸǴǯ ƨȇǀƷȋơ ƣƢƥ ȄǴǟ ƩƢȈƳƢūƢƥ ǹȂƫƘȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ śƥǂȀŭơ ƨǟȂǸů Őǐƥ ǦǬƫ ƔƢLjǷ Dzǯ ǁƢǠLJȋơ DZȂƷ ǂƯƘƬƥ ǹȂLjǷƢȀƬȇ ƲǴưdzơȁ ǂǘŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǨǬȇ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƩƢǟƢLJ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ǾƬƦǠƳ Ŀȁ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ ńƛ ǶǿƾƷƗ DŽǨǬȇ ǂƻȉ śƷ ǺǷȁ .ƩƢǻȂƥȂǰdzơ Ǻť DZȂƷ .ƧŚƻȋơ ǁƢƦƻȋơ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƩƢȈƳƢƷ Ƨƾǟ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƾų ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƆƢǨǻƕ ƧǁȂǯǀŭơ ƩƢȈƳƢūơ ơƾǟ ƢǸȈǧ ȅƽƢǟ ǹȂƥƢǏ ƩƢȇƢNjǂǧ ǝȂſ .ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐǴdz Ƣđ ƣȂǣǂǷ ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ŀ ƧƾȈǨǷ ǹȂǰƫ DZȂƸǰdzơȁ ǹȁǂƳƢƬȇ ǁƢš :ŚǷƢLjǷ DžƢȈǯƗ ǖǫȐǷ ƽǁƢƦǷ ƨǫȐƸǴdz ǹȂƥƢǏȁ Ȃǿȁ ƩƢƷơƾǬǴdz ƾȈďŪơ ǺȇDŽǼƦdzơ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƩƢƥȁǂnjǷ ƢȀǼǷ ǞǼǐǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǟƢǼǐdzơ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ňƢǼǨdz ȅǂLjdzơ ƱƢƬǻȍơ ƤƟƢƴǟ ǺǷ ƧƽƢǔŭơ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơȁ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ǺǷ ƨƦǯǂŭơ ƨǴLjǴLjdzơ Ŀ ȅDŽǯǂǷ ǹƢǰǷ ǭƢǼǿ ĺ ȆǰǴdz .ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢǰƦnjdzơ śƥȁ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ƧƽƢǫ śƥ ƔƢȈǸǠdzơ ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơ ǺǷ ơȂNjƢƬǟơ Ǻŭ DzȀLjdzơ ǺǷȁ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǨȈǠǓ ǭƢǼǿ ǺǷȋơ ƩƢƦǫơǂǷ ǹȋ Śǘƻ ǹƢǰǷ Ȃǿ ĺ Ȇǰdzơ Ǻȇǀdzơ Ƕǿ ǶȀLjǨǻƗ ƔƢŧǂdzơ ƧȂƻȋơ ǹƗ ǥǂǠȇ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ .ƨǸǜǻȋơ ȄǴǟ DzȇƢƸƬdzơ ƤȇǀǠƬdzơ ƢȇƢƸǓȁ ȄƫȂŭơ ƨȇǀƷƗȁ ǹƢǐǸǬdzơ ƨǐȈƻǁ ǁƢǠLJƘƥ ǩȂLjdzơ ńƛ ǹȂƳǂź ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ ƣċǂǿ Ǯdzǀǯ .ȁƢǼǯŚƥ ńƛ ƧŚƻȋơ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ Ŀ Ƨơǂǟ ǹȂƳǂź Ǻȇǀdzơ .ǵƢǠǘdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ śȈǻƾŭơ DZƢǸǠǴdz ƪǠȈƥ ƾǫȁ ƨȇȁƽȋơ ƩƢȈdzƢLJǁƛ ƢǻȂƦdzơ ńƛ ƔƢƦǗȋơȁ ǪǟȐŭơ ǹȂǘǠȇ ȏ .ǪǟȐŭƢƥ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ ǺǷ ƨǴƟƢǗ ȏƆ ȂǷƗ ǹȂŞǂȇ ĺ-Ƣǯ Ŀ ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ ǢǴƬǨŮơ ƢȀƴƬǼȇ .ǪǟȐǷ ǹȁƾƥ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ DzǯƗ ǺǰǸŭơ Śǣ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ƽƾŪơ ȃǂLJȌdz ƩơȁƽƗ Ȇǿ ǪǟȐŭơ .DzǸǠdzơ ƪǫȁ ǂLjdzƢƥ ƨǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ Ǻȇƽơƾūơ ƨȈƷƢǻ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗ DzǸǠƬLjƫ ǹƗ ƧǁƽƢǫ ǹȂǰƫ ŕƷ ƾȈdzơ ǹȁǀƸnjȇ ƧƽƢǟȁ .ƢƆȇȁƾȇ ǞǼǐƫȁ ƨȈLJƢǫ ƨǘȈLjƥ ƨǬǠǴǷ .ƽƾŪơ ƔƢǼƴLjǴdz ǪǟȐŭơ ǹȂǠȈƦȇ ǶȀLjǨǻƗ ǹȂƴƬǼŭơ .DŽƦŬơ ǞǘǬdz śǰLjǯ ĺ– Ȇǰdzơ ńƛ ƨǬǠǴŭơ DZƢƻƽƛ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǾǻƗ ǹȂǻƢǫ ǭƢǼǿȁ .DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƢȀǼť 90
ƔȆLjdzơȁ ƾĈȈŪơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥƗ
DzƦǫ ǶǿǂȇǂŢ ƨǟƢLJ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǺǷ ƨǬǠǴŭơ ǹȁǁƽƢǐȇ ǹȂǓǂǸŭơ .ƢĔȁƾƥ ǹȂƳǂź Ǻǰdzȁ ǺȇǁǂƄơ ƔƢƸǏȋơ ǪǟȐǷ ńƛ ǦȈǓƗ ơƿƛȁ .ƨǏǁȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǑǂǠĄƫ ƨǬǠǴŭơȁ .ơȂLjƦǴȇ ǹƗ ǹƗ ǶȀǼǰŻ śǓǂǸŭơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀȀǧ DzƬǬdzơ ƢȇƢƸǓ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ǹȂƫȂŻ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǪǟȐǷ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ ĺ -Ȇǰdzơ ǺǷ ǹȁǁǂƸƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ DzƥƢǬǷȁ .ǞȈƦǴdz ƨǬǠǴǷ śLjŨ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ơȁǀƻƘȇ ơȁǂƬnjȇ ŕƷ DŽƦƻ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ Ǻǟ ơȂdzǃƢǼƬȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǂǘǔǷ ǹȂǻȂǰȇȁ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ǹȁƽȂǠȇ .ƧƾȇƾƳ ƨǬǠǴǷ ǺǷ .ƨǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƨǫȁǂLjŭơ ǞƟƢǔƦǴdz ȆLjȈƟǂdzơ ǹȂƥDŽdzơ Ȃǿ ĺ -Ȇǰdzơ :Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗȁ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ǩȁƾǼǐdz ơƆǂƬdz Ǻȇǂnjǟ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ǹȂǐǬǼĄȇ ĺ -Ȇǰdzơ ńƛ Dzǐƫ Ŗdzơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƨǬȈǫƽ ŚLJơȂǷ ǩǂLjȇ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿ .ƨǫȁǂLjǷ ǞƟƢǔƦƥ ǹȁǂƳƢƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǁƢƴƬdzơ ǺǷ ƔơǂnjǴdz ǹȂǴŭơ Őūơȁ ƨȈǏƢǏǂdzơ ǵȐǫȋơ ƵǂƬǬȇ ǺăǷ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ƔƢǠǷȋơ DzLjǤdz ĺ Ȇǰdzơ Ŀ DzǸǠƬLjƫ .ƩơƽƢȈǠdzơ ƩƢƥƢLjƷ Ƨǁơƽȍ ƣȂȈƳ Ŀ ƢĔȁƾŸ Ŗdzơ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǰdzơ ƽơȂŭơȁ ƧŚǤǐdzơ ǹȂƸǐdzơȁ Ƨǁơǂūơ DžƢȈǫ ǹơDŽȈǷ .ȄǓǂŭơ ƨŪƢǠŭ ȄǨnjƬLjŭơ ńƛ ƽƢǠƫ ǢǴƬǨȈŮơ ȂƫŐdzƗ ŚǰǨƫȁ ȅŚǰǨƫ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂƬǟƗ ǵǃȐdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƆƢǠǓơȂƬǷ ȁƾƥƗ ȏ ŕƷȁ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ƢǼƷǂƬǫơ .ȆLjȈƟǂdzơ ƤȈƦǘǴdz ƢȀǠȈƥȁ ǩǁȂdzơ ƩƢǨdz ƨǫǂLJ :ƨǫơǂNjƛ Ƨǂǰǧ ƪǻƢǯ .Ƨǁơǂūơȁ ǒƦǼdzơ ǎƸǧ ƲƟƢƬǻ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤƬǰȇ .Džƛ .Džȍơ Ƣđ ƶǸLjƫ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤǫƢǠƫ Ŗdzơ ƨǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ƱƢƬǼƬLJơ ƽƢƷ Dzǰnjƥ .Džƛ .Džȍơ DZƢƳǁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƤǫƢǠȇ Ŗdzơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ .ƢȀǠƴnjƫȁ ǹƢƦǫƢǠȇ ƨǫǂLjdzơ ƨȈƸǓȁ ǩǁƢLjdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆǷƢŤ ƨǟȁǂnjǷ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơ ǂǜǻ Ŀ ȁƾƦƫ Ŀ ƨȈdzƢƬdzơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ŘǠǷ ƢǷ ǂǰǨȇ ǹƗ ƔȅǁƢǬdzơ ǺǷ ƤǴǘǻ ǺŴ ǹȉơ .ǁơƾǬŭơ džǨǼƥ Ŗdzơ ƧǁȂǐǴdz ƢƆǬƦǗ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǶǰŹȁ "DZƽƢǟ Śǣ" "DZƽƢǟ" "ƔȆLJ" "ƾĈȈƳ" :ǂǰLjǠŭơ Dzǿȁ ǂūơ ƢǼŭƢǟ Ŀ ƨǧȂdzƘŭơ ƩƢȈǫȐƻȋơ DZȂƷ ƢǿƢǼǷƾǫ Ŗdzơ ƱƿƢǸǼǴdz ƢƆǬƦǗȁ ƢǿƢǼũǁ .ƨǰƟƢnjdzơ ǭȐLJȌdz ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ ƾƳȂǼƫ ǹƗ ƢĔƢǰǷƜƥ
91
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ ƧƢȈƷ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǿƢǼnjǟ Ŗdzơ ƧƢȈƷ ƪLjȈdz Ŗdzơ ƧƢȈūơ DZȂƷ ǎǬǻ ǥȂLJȁ ƢǼǐǐǫ ơƆŚǐǫ ƢƆƬǫȁ ǭƢǼǿ Ȅǔǫ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǒȈǔūơ ǝƢǫ Ŀ ƢȀȈǧ ǭȂǰnjǷ ǹƗ ǂǔǷ ƢŠǁȁ ǽǀȀǯ ƧƿƢNj ƧƢȈƷ ǂǯǀƫ ơƆƾȈǨǷ džȈdz ƨƥȂǠǏ ƾų ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨȇƢǤǴdz .ǂǯǀƬǻ ǹȂǠǼƬǬǷ ǺŴ ƆƢǬƷ ƢǼdz ȃǂƳ ƢǷ Dzǯ ǎǬǻ ǹƗ ƨȈŷƗ ǮdzƢǼǿ ǹƗ ŚǰǨƬdzơ ńƛ DzȈŶ ǺŴ ǺǰŻȁ ƢŮ ƨǸȈǫ ǭƢǼǿ ƨƥǂš Dzǯȁ Ƣđ ƨǏƢƻ ƨȈŷƗ ǭƢǼǿ ƨȈǻƢLjǻƛ ƨƥǂš Dzǰdz ǹƗ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ƪLjȈdz ƢĔƗ ǞǷ ƨȈLJƢLJƗ ǶȈǫ ƽƢŸơ ǺǰŲ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ .ȆǬǘǼǷ Dzǰnjƥ ƢȀǐƸǧ ǹƢǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ǹƗ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ƪǨdz ƢǻƽȂƥ ǾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬǻ ȅǀdzơ ơǀǿ ǍƢŬơ ŃƢǠdzơ Ŀ ƨȈƥƢŸƛ .ƽƢǠƥȋơ ƧƽƾǠƬǷ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳơȁ ƨȈƳȂdzȂȈƥ ƨƥǂš ƨƥƢưŠ ƢǷ ŘǠŠ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢȈǷȂǬdzơ Dzǯ ƔƢǼƥƗ ǁƢǸǟȋơ Dzǯ ƔƢǼƥƗ džƦŢ ƨǰƟƢnjdzơ ǭȐLJȋơ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ ơȂǻƢǯ ơƿƛȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩơƽƢǠdzơȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢǧƢǬưdzơ ȅȁƿ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢǤǴƥ śǸǴǰƬŭơ ǶĔȂǘǠȇ ȏȁ ƆƢǷǁƢǏ ƢƆǷƢǜǻ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǓǂǨȇȁ ƨǸƟơƽ ƧƢȈƷ ǥȁǂǛ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǹȂǓǂǨȇ ǺǰŻ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǷǁƢǏ ƨȇŐƬű ƢƆǧȁǂǛ ǹȂǬǴź Ǯdzǀƥ ǶĔƜǧ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ ƧƢȈūơ ƩƢǷȂǬǷ DZƢǔǻ Ŀ NJȈǠȇ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǾǸǴǠƬȇ ǥǂǐƫ ȅƗȁ ȆǠȈƦǗ ǥǂǐƫ ȅƗ ƢȀǼǷ ƱƢƬǼƬLJȏơ .ƧƢȈƸǴdz Dž Ɖ Ƣǫ ňƢǻƗ ǾƬǠȈƦǘƥ Dž Ɖ Ƣǫ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǹƘƥ ƆƢȈƟƢǬǴƫ ǵȂȀǨŭơ ǖȈLjƦdzơ ƱƢƬǼƬLJȏơ ƨdzơƾǠƥ ǺǷƚǻ ȏ ǢǴƬǨȈŮơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷȁ ǾǼǷ ƣȂǴLjǷ ƨǧƢǬưǴdz ȄǴǟȋơ ƔƢǼƦdzơ Dzǯ ƮȈƷ ǾǰǴLjǷ Ŀ DZȂLjǯȁ ƱƢƬǼƬLJơ ȏƐ ƛ ƱƢƬǼƬLJȏơ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ǾǻƗ ŚǰǨƬdzơ ńƛ DzȈŶ ǺŴ .ǖƥơȂǓ Ȑƥ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ȏƐ ƛ džȈdz DzǸƸƬdzơ ƨƦǠǏ ƨȈLJƢǫ ƾLjŪơ ƩƢƥơǀǟ ƮȈƷ ǽǀǿ ƧƢȈūơ ǥȁǂǜƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƾƷơȁ .ƧŚưǰdzơ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ƩơƽƢǠdzơȁ ƧŚưǰdzơ DŽǧơȂūơ ȆǨƬţȁ ƪǸǐƫȁ
92
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ ǥȁǂǜdzơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ :ƨǬȈǬūơ ǽǀǿ ńƛ ǽƢƦƬǻȏơ ƾȈǨŭơ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǼȈdzƛ DzȈź Ǻǰdzȁ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ ǞǗƢǫ Dzǰnjƥ ǂƻȉơ Ǻǟ ƢŷƾƷƗ ǹƢǨǴƬź ǂnjƦdzơ ǺǷ śǟȂǻ ǭƢǼǿ ƨǼǘǨdzơ ȁȁƿȁ ǹȁƾďȈŪơȁ ǹȂƠȈLjdzơ ȃǂƻȋơ ƩƢǔǫƢǼƬdzơ .ƩȂŭƢƥ ǹȂǷȂǰƄơ ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ƨȈǠȈƦǗ DzǫƗ ƨƸǓơȁ ȁƾƦƫ ǚūơ ȂƠȈLJȁ ǹȂǛȂǜƄơ ƔƢǼƦŪơȁ ǹƢǠƴnjdzơ ƔƢȈƦǣȋơȁ .ƧŚưǯ ǹơȂdzƗ ƢȀǼȈƥȁ ƨȈǠȈƦǘdzơ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƩȂŭƢƥ ǹȂǷȂǰƄơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ ǞȇǃȂƬdzơ ơǀǿ ƨǜƷȐǷ ƨƥȂǠǏ ǂưǯƗ ȏ ƧƽƢǟ Ǿǻȋ Ǯdzƿȁ Ǯdzƿ ƨǜƷȐǷ ǹȁƾƥ ǞȈǔȇ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ .ǾǼǷ śƦȇǂǬdzơ ǂƟƢǐŠ ǖƦƫǂǷ Ȃǿ ǾǗȂǬLJ Ŀȁ ǽƽȂǠǏ Ŀ .ƨǯǂǠŭơ Ŀ ơƆƾȈƷȁ ǹȂǰȇ ƨŻDŽđ ƣƢǐȇ ȁƗ ƽȁƾƷ Ȑƥ ƧȂǫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǮǴŻ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƧǁƽƢǻ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ǖǬǧ Ǯdzǀdz ƨȈLjǨǻ ȃȂǫ ƧƽƢǟ ǹƢLjǻƛ Dzǰdz ƾƳȂȇ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǝƢȈǔdzơ ƾƷ ńƛ ȃǂƻƗ ƾǠƥ ǞǻơȂǸǯ DzǸǠƫ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ŚǤǏ ƨǬǴǘŭơ ƨŻDŽŮơ ǂǘƻ ǹƗ ƮȈŞ DZƢǷ ŕƷȁ ƨȇƾLjƳ ȃȂǫȁ ƨȈǫȐƻȋơ ǶȈǬdzƢƥ ƨƸǧƢǗ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ ǂưǯƗ ƨȇǁƢǔƷ ŐƬǠƫ ƽȐƦdzơ .ƧŚƦǯ ƨǸȈǫ Ʃơƿ ǺǷ ȅȂǬdzơ ǞǼŤȁ ǂưǯƗ ƢƆǨȈǠǓ ƶƦǐȇ ȏ Ȇǰdz ǦȈǠǔdzơ ȆǸŢ Ŗdzơ ƨǠƳƢǼdzơȁ ƨƸȈƸǐdzơ .ǂưǯƗ ƢƆȇȂǫ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ Ȑƥ ǝơǂǏ Ȃǿ ƔƢǬƦǴdz ǝơǂǐdzơ ƢǼǿ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǁȂǷȋơ ƨǠȈƦǗ Ȇǿ ǽǀǿ ƪLjȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ Ǯdzǀdzȁ DžƘȈdzơ ƽȁƾƷ ȄǐǫƗ ńƛ DzǏȁ ƾǫȁ ƾȈƷȁ Ȃǿ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ ƨŧǁ .ǹȂǠdzơ ƾȇ Ǿdz ǵƾǬȇ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ƾŸ ǺǴǧ ǁƢĔơ ǺLjƬǯƗ DZȂǻ ơƿƛȁ ƨȈǻơȂȈƷ ƨLJơǂnjƥ DzƫƢǬȇ Ȃǿ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ řǠǷ ƾƷƗ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ɣȁƾđ ǾȈǨǐȇ ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ƾŸ ƢƆǸƟơƾǧ džǰǠdzƢƥ ƨƥȂƴǟȋơ ǹƢȀƦnjȇ ŐǏȁ ƔƢǯǀƥ ƿƛȁ .ƾȇƾƳ DzǸǟ ǵȂȈdz ǽƔơǀƷ DzǠƬǼȇ ǂƻƕ16ǹƢŭǃȂǷ Ȃǿ ǽďǂLJ ȄǴǟ ƧƾȇƾNj ƨǜǧƢŰ ǚǧƢŹ DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ƣǂȀƬdzơ ƨǴȈū ȏƆ Ƣů ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƾŸ
ǶĔȋ ǹƢŭǃȂǷ ƔƢǨǠǔdzơ ǹȂǸLjȇ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƔƢǷƾǫ ơƿƢŭ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ :Ǧdzƚŭơ ƨǜƷȐǷ
16
.ƨȈǨǐƬǴdz ǹȂƸNjǂǷȁ DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ǹȁDŽƳƢǟ 93
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǹƢLjǻƛȁ .ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ǂưǯƗ ȅȂǬdzơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ ǾǬǬƷ ȅǀdzơ ǃƢųȍƢƥ ǞƬǸƬLjȇ Ȃǿ ǖǬǧȁ .ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ǹƗ ƶNjǂǷ ǹƢLjǻƛ Ȃǿ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ǺǷ " :ǹƢȈǠǴdz ǃǁƢƥ .ƢȀǸǰŹ ƢƆLJǂNj ƢƆǻȂǻƢǫ ǹƗ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƽǂǨdzơ ƧƢȈƷ Ŀȁ ƺȇǁƢƬdzơ Ŀ ."ǽƾǼǟ ȄǬƦƫ ƢǷ ǾǼǷ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ ƢƆƠȈNj ǮǴŻ ȏ ǺǷȁ ǂưǯƗ ǀƻƘȇ ǽƾǼǟ ƨǜǧƢƸǸǴdz ȆƟơƾƦdzơ ʼnƾǬdzơ ǝơǂǐdzơ Ȃǿ ƔƢǬƦǴdz ǝơǂǐdzơȁ DZDŽǠǼǷ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǹȂǷƾǬƬŭơ .ǞȈǸŪơ ȄǴǟ DZȂƦǬǷȁ ƆƢǼǴǟ ǂǘȈLjŭơ Ȃǿ DZƾǠdzơ ǵƾǟ ǹȂǻƢǫ ƧƢȈūơ ȄǴǟ śǨȈǰƬŭơ ǞǷȁ ƔƢȇȂǫȋơ ǞǷ ƨȇƽǂǧ ƨǴǏ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ƨǴǏ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǜǧƢŹ ǶȀLjǨǻƗ .Ɣȏƚǿ ǞǷ ƨǴǐdzơ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǐŹ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǶĔƗ ǹȁƾǬƬǠȇ ǶĔȋ śǟƽƢƼŭơȁ ǥȁǂǠŭơ ǹƗ ƮȈƷ śǟȂǸǬŭơȁ śǸǘƄơ ńƛ ǹƢŭDŽŭơ ńƛ ǾƳȂƬdzơ Ŀ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ Ŀ ơȂǴǯƗ ƢĈǸǟ ǵȐǰdzƢƥ ǹȁƗƾƦȇȁ ǶǿŚǐǷ ǺǷ ǂǷǀƬdzƢƥ ȏƆ ƢƷ ǹȁƗƾƦȈLJ ǶĔȋ ǞȈǸƴǴdz Ŀ śǸȀŭơ ǞǷ ƩƢǫȐǟ ǶŮ ƪLjȈǴǧ ǶȀǠǷ ƨǫơƾǐdzơ ǺǷ ƧƾƟƢǧ ȏ ƆƢǼȈǬȇ .ƪȈƦdzơ ȏȁ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǴǸǠȇ ȏ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ǶȀƬƦƳȂdz ƨǧƢǓƛ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǴǐŹ ȏ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƨdzƢƷ Ƕǿ ǶȈƼŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǞȈǸƴǴdz ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǯdzǀǯ .DzăȈū ĉ ơ ǹȂǠǼǐȇ ǦȈǯ ǹȂǧǂǠȇ Ŀ ƨȇȂǿ Ƕǫǁȁ ƣơǂƫ ƨǼǨƷ ȏƐ ƛ ǶȀǼǷ ȄǬƦȇ Ǻdz ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ǞȈƥƢLJƗ DZȐƼǧ ƨȈdzƢǬƬǻơ ŚƦǯ ǁȂȀŦ ǺǷ ơƆƔDŽƳ ǶĔȂǯ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟ .ƢǼǿ ǺǷ ơƆƾȈǠƥ džȈdz ƧƽƢƥƛ ǶȈű DzďƴLJ ơȂǨǫȂƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ǶȀǷơƾǫƗ ǮȇǂŢ ǹȂǴǏơȂȇ ƨǬƟƢǔdzơ Ŀ ƔƢǯǂnjdzơ ǺǷ ȏȁ ǹȂǨƬźȁ śdzȁDŽǠǷ ǹȂƫȂŻȁ Ƕēơȁƿ Dzƻơƽ ǹȁȁDŽǼǷ ƔơŐǤdzơ ƨdzDŽǠdzơ ǺǷ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ǶĔƗ .Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥ ƾƷƗ Ƕǿǂǯǀȇ ƩƢȈƟƢǐƷƗ Ŀ ƗǂǬǻ ǹƗ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ƨȈǠȈƦǘdzơ ƨȈǨǐƬǴdz ȆLJƢǬdzơ ǁȂǘƬdzơ ơǀǿ Ǻǟ ȃǂLJȋơ ǺǷ DzƟȐǫ ǖǬǧ džƬǨNjȁƗ Ŀ ȆǬƥ 1944 ƨǼLJ .ƩơǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ DžƢǼdzơ ƨǯǂƷ ǺǷ ƨǨǴƬű ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ơȂNjƢǟ ǶĔȋ ƽȂȀȈdzơ Śǣ Ǻǟ ƮƸƦǴdz ƢǼǿ DZƢů ȏ .ȄǷơƾǬdzơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ȆǬƥ 150000DZơ ǺǷ ƧŚǤǏ ƪǻƢǯ ǶȀǷƢǫǁƗ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǺǷ ."ƨǔǨƼǼŭơ ǵƢǫǁȋơ" ǖǬǧ ljƢǟȁ ȅƽƢǠdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ DzǸǟ ǖȈLjƥ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ǹƢǯ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷƗ ȏ .ƨǴȈǴǫ ƩƢƠǷ ǹȂȈƳǁƾǼǰdzơȁ ǹȂǗƢȈŬơȁ ƔƢƦǗȋơ ƧƽƢǟ ȆǬƥ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ȅƽƢǠdzơ ƔơǀǤdzơ ȄǴǟ Ŀ džȈƟǁ ƔƢǫƾǏƗȁ śȈdzȂLjǰLJȂǷȂǿ ơȂƥǀƳ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƣƢƦnjdzơȁ ǹȂƻƢƦǘdzơȁ ǹȂȈǬȈLJȂŭơȁ 94
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƨŧǂdzơ ȂŻƾǟ ƧƢLjǫ DžƢǻƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȆǬƥ ǾƬȇǂǫ ȁƗ ǾƬǼȇƾǷ ƔƢǼƥƗ ȁƗ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǶǿǁƢȈƬƻơ Ŀ Ǻȇǀdzơȁ Džƛ .Džƛ DZơ ǺǷ) ǦƟƢǛȁ ȄǴǟ ơȂǴǐƷ śȈǻƢLjǻƛ Śǣ ƔƢȇȂǫƗ ǦƟƢǛȁ ȁƗ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǂdz ȂǧƢǰǴdz ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƨǠȈƦǘǴdz ƨȈǻƢǘȈNj ƨǧǂǠǷ ȄǴǟ ơȂǼǿǂƥ ƧƾǟƢLjŠ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơȂƸų ǺŲ ƨǏƢƻ ǦƟƢǛȁ ȅȁƿ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń ǺăǷ ȆǬƥ ǵƢƬŬơ Ŀ (.ȃǂƻƗ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǞǷȁ ƧĈȂǫ DŽǯǂǷ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ ƨȇƽƢǷ ƩȐȈȀLjƫ ơȂƦLjǰȇ ǹƗ ǶȀǟơƾƻȁ ǶȀǗƢnjǻ ƶƴǼȇ Ń ǺǷ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƧƽƢLJ ƣȂǴǫ Ŀ ǂȇƾǬƬdzơȁ ƶǨǐdzơ ǺǷ ȃƾǷ ǹȁŚưȇ ǦȈǯ ơȂǧǂǟ ƩƢǨǐdzơ ǽǀǿ– "ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ" ȁƗ "ǁȂƫƢǼȈƦǷȂǯ" ȁƗ "ǁȂƫơDŽȈǻƢǣǁȁơ" ƶƦǐȇ ǹƗ ƱǂƷƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǪȇǂǗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƾƳȂƫ ǶȈƼŭơ ƱǁƢƻ .ǹƢŭǃȂǷ ńƛ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƱǂƷƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǾƬȇƢĔ ƪǻƢǯ-ƨǧǂǬŭơ .ǖLJȁ DzƷ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdz DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ǂǰLjǠǷ Ŀȁ ƨǧȂdzƘŭơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ȇǿ Ȇǿ ƨưdzƢƯ ƆƢǐǻȁ ƢƆƷȁǁ ǂǷơȁȋơ DzǯƘǻ ǹƗ Dzǯȋơ ƾǨǻ ơƿƛ ȆǨǰȇ . DznjǨdzơ ǺǷ DzȀLJƗ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdz ǾǻƗ ƪǸōǴǟ ƨƥǂƴƬdzơ .DzǸǠdzơ ǕƢƦǔǻơ ȄǴǟ ƢǼƦǛơȁ ơƿƛȁ ƨǐǐƼŭơ ƨƦƳȂdzơ DzǯƘǻ Ń ơƿƛȁ ǹȂƦǿǀȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ śȈǻƢŭǃȂŭơ Dzǰdz .ǂȀNjƗ ƨƯȐưdz ǂưǯȋơ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǸǐdzơ ǺǰŲ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ǽǀđ ơȂǬǴƷDŽƫ .ƨȈƫơƿ ŚLJ ǶŮ ƪLjȈdz ǂưǯƗ ƢǼǬǫƽ ơƿƛ ȁƗ .ƨȈƫơǀdzơ ŚLjdzơ džǨǻ ǃƢǤdzơ ǹơǂǧƗ ńƛ ȏƆ ƢƷ .ǂƸƦdzơ ńƛ ŚLjƫ Ŗdzơ ǁƢĔȋơ DzưǷ ȆǠȈƦǗ Dzǰnjƥ ǾǴǨLJƗ ńƛ ǾdzȁƗ ǺǷ ǁƾƸǼŭơ Ŀ ȁƗ ǚūơ ƔȂLJ ƤƦLjƥ ơȂǨȈǰƬȇ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ǶǿǂǷƗ ȄǴǟ ơȂƦĉǴǣƌ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ơȂǴƻƽ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƨǗǁȂdzơ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬdzơ Ŀ śƸƳƢǻ ơȂLjȈdzȁ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǂǐƬǻơ ǺǷDŽdzơ .ƨǘȈLjƥ ƨƯƽƢƷ ƤƦLjƥ ƔȆNj ȏȁ DZȐŴȏƢƥ ǶȀǷƢLjƳƗ ƗƾƦƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȏƐ ƛ ƩơǁȂǜƄơȁ śǻơȂǬǴdz ƨȈǻƢǘȈnjdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧŚǐǫ ǶēƢȈƷ .ȃȂǬdzơ ǁơȂƻ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƩȂŭơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ƨȈǨǐƬdzơ ǺǷ ƾǠƥ ǶǿǀǬǼȇ ƽȂƳȂdz ǁŐŭơ Ƕǿ Ƕǿȁ .ƩȂŭơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơ Ƕǿ Ƕǿ ǹȂȈǻƢŭǃȂŭơ ƾǠȇ ȏ ŚƦǯ Ƕǿƽƾǟ ǹȁȁƢLjƬǷ ǂnjƥ Ƕǿ Ɣȏƚǿ ȏ -ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƽƾƴƬȇȁ ǪǧƾƬȇ ǁȂȀŦ ǭƢǼǿ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƤǠƬƥ ǹȂnjŻ .ƔƢǷ ŖǘǬǻ ƢǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǂƻȉơ ǶǿƾƷƗ ǾƦnjȇ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǹȁƽƽǂƬŭơ ǭƢǼǿ .ƔƢȈƷƗ ǂnjƦǯ ǶȀƬȇƙǁ ǺǰŻ ȏ ǞǫơȂdzơ Ŀȁ .ƢƆǬƷ ǹȂǻƢǠȇ ȏ .ƪǸǐƥ ǶĔƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdz ǶȀƦǠƫȁ ǶŮơDŽǿ ƤƦLjƥ ǾǼǷ ǹȂǧƢź ȏ ǶĔȋ ƆƢƫȂǷ ǶēȂǷ ǹȂǸLjȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ . ƩȂŭơ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ơȂǸȀǨȇ ǹƗ
95
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ŀ ǂnjdzơ Dzǯ ǂǐƬƻƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ Ȃdzȁ .DZȂȀĐơ ǶǿǁȂǔŞ ơƆƾƳ ƨƠȈǴǷ ļǂǯơƿ .œǴǫ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ ƤȇǂǬdzơ ƾȀnjŭơ ơǀǿ ƩǂƬƻơ ƪǼǰdz ƧƾȈƷȁȁ ƧƾƷơȁ ƧǁȂǐƥ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ ǹƗ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ ǾȈǼȈǟȁ ǾȀƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƉǺƸǼǷ ǂȀǛ ǺƸǼǷ śƦƳ ǵƢǜǟȁ ƾǴƳ ǹƢLjǻƛ .ňƢLjǻȍơ ŚǰǨƬdzơ ǂưǯƗ ƾš .ƾȈƷȁȁ ƾƷơȁ ǭȐŮơ ńƛ Ǫȇǂǘdzơȁ ƉǑƢǷ ȏ ƩȂŭƢƥ śǷȂǰƸǸǴdz ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀȁ .ƨƠƳƢǨǷȁ ƨƦǠǏ ƧŚưǯ Ȇǿ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǍȐŬơ ǩǂǗ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzƿ DzƥƢǬǷ .ǞLJơȁ .ƩƢǸȈƼŭơ ȆǨǛȂǷ ǺǷ ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ Ȇǿ ƢǼƄƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ȂƥƢǰdzơ ƔȆŸ ǽƾǠƥȁ (Lagerältester) ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǂȇƾǷ Ȇǿ ƨǷƢŮơ ƨƳǁƾdzơ ǦƟơǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƨǧƢǜǼdzơ DZƢǸǟ-ǹȁŚƻȋơȁ ǹȂȈǴȈǴdzơ Džơǂūơ ƔƢŧǂdzơ ƧȂƻȋơ ǹȂƻƢƦǘdzơ .(ƩƢǷƢǸūơ ȂǻƢǼǧȁ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ɣơǁǃȁ) Bademeister ȁ Scheissminister ǶȀǨƟƢǛȁ ǹȁǀƻƘȇ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǹȋ ƽȂȀȈdzơ śȈǘǼǼǷȁŐdzơ ǹƗ ƢǼǿ ǂǯǀǻ ǹƗ ƤLJƢǼŭơ ǺǷ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǹƜǧ ȆǠȈƦǘdzơ ȆǫǂǠdzơ ǶȀǫȂǨƫ ǶǰŞ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ ǶŮȂƻƽ ǞǷ ƢƆȈǰȈƫƢǷȂƫȁƗ .ơȂǴƦǬĄȇ ŕƷ ƾƟƢǰŭơ ơȂǰȈŹ ǹƗȁ Ƨƾnjƥ ơȂǟǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ǹȂǷDŽǴǷ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƣơǀǠdzơ .ǹDŽƸǴdz ƧŚưǷȁ ƨǏƢƻ ƨȈǻƢLjǻƛ ƧǂǿƢǛ Ƕǿ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǹȂȈǗƢǼǼŲȁŐdzơ ƢƆǠǷ ƱDŽƬŻ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǽƢš ƔơƾǠdzơ ƨǧƢǬƯȁ ƾȈdzƢǬƬdzơ ƨǬȈƬǠdzơ ǵƢȇȋơ ǺǷ DZƢȈƳȋơ ǹDŽƷ .ǂnjƦdzơ ǽǂǰƫ ǹƐȐȈǣ ńƛ ƢǼǿ DZȂƸƬȈdz ƾȈƦǟ ńƛ ǹȂdzȂƸƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ DžƢǻ ƧƾǠdz ơȂƷǂƬǫơ .ňƢŭȋơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ŘƦŭ DŽȈŲ ƱƢƬǻ Ƕǿ ơȂƦǴǗ DzƥƢǬŭƢƥ ƔƢǬƦdzơ ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǞǷ ƨǘȈLjƥ Ǻǰƫ ƢǸȀǷ ƩơǃƢȈƬǷơ śǻƢƳ ńƛ ƆƢǠǫȂǷ ơǀȀǯ ǹƢLjǻƛ .ƵơǂƬǫȏơ ȄǴǟ ǪǧơȂȇ ǺăǷ ƾƳȂǼȇ ƾȈǯƘƫ Dzǰƥ ǶǿƔȐǷǃ ơȂǻȂź ǹƗ ǶȀǼǷ ǾƫǂǘȈLJ Ʃƽơƽǃơ ƢǸǴǯ Ǯdzǀdz Ǿƥ džŭơ ƢƆǟȂǼŲ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƢǰŭơ ǹȂǻƢǬƥ ƢƆǷDŽǴǷ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ǺǷ ƨǟȂǸů ƽȂǬȇ ǹƗ ǾǻȂǘǠȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .ƽơƽDŽȇ Ǿdz ǶȀǿǂǯȁ ǾȈƻȋ ǾƬǬȇƢǔǷ Ʃƽơƽǃơ ǥǂǠȇ Ǿǻȋ ƆƢǘǴLjƬǷȁ ƢƆLJǂNj ƶƦǐȇ ǾƳơDŽǷ ƤLjƷ ǶȀǠǷ ǥǂǐƬȇ ǹƗ Ǫūơȁ ƔƢLJƚƦdzơ ǾǻƜǧ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ǾǼǷ "DzǔǧƗ"ǂƻƕ ǎƼnjƥ ǾǻȁŚǤȇ ǥȂLjǧ ơǀǰǿ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ǾǻƗ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ǖǬǧȁ ǾƬŢ śǷȂǴǜŭơ ńƛ ǂȇŐƫ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǽƽƢȈLJƗ ǽƢš ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơ ƧDŽȇǂǣ ǾƳȂȇ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏƢƥ ǂǠnjȇ ǽƽƢȈLJƗ ǾȈdzƛ ƢȀȀƳȁ Ŗdzơ ƩƢǻƢǿȍơ ǾƫȂƻƛ ȄǴǟ ǝǃȂȇ 96
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ƧƽƢǟ řdzơ ƧǁȂǐdzơ Ǻǟ ƣǂǤdzơ Ǻǟ ǩǂnjdzơ ƾǠĄƥ ƾȈǠƥ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ȄǴǟ ȁƗ ǶȀŭƢǛ ƾǓ ǶǿƽƢLjƳƘƥ ǹȂǨǬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ śǟȂǸǬŭơ ǹȂǨǐȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢĔȁǁȂǐȇ ŐǠȇ ȏ ǂȀǬdzơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǁȂǷȋơ ƨǬȈǬƷ Ȇǿ ơǀǰǿ ƢŠǁ .ƢƆǠǷ ơȂǻƢǠȇ ŕƷ ǹȁƾƷȂƬȇ Dzǫȋơ ȁƗ ƨƥǂƴƬdzơ ǵƾǟ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨȈnjƷȂƥ ǞǸǬȇ ȏȁ ȏƆ ƾƬǠǷ ŃƢǜdzơ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ȁƗ ƆƢǼȈǠǷ ơƆƾƷ ƤǠNj ƾƳȂȇ ƮȈƷ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ƢǼǷƢȇƗ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǬǻ ǺŴ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǁƾǐdzơ ƨƥƢƷǁ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨȈǿơǂǰdzơȁ ƔơƾǠdzơ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ DZȐƬƷȏơ ƪŢ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ Džȁƾȇ Ƥȇǂǣ ƢǷ ǞǫȂƫ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƧŚưǯ ƨȈǻƢLjǻƛ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ƢǸǯ ǞǓȂdzơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƨƬȈǸŭơ . ƨǠǗƢǫ ƩƢƳƢƬǼƬLJơ ƲƬǼƬLjǻ ǹƗ ǹƢǯ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƭƾŹ .ƨȈƦǴǣȋơ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶĔƗ ǞǷ ǾdzȂǫ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ơƆƾƳ DzȈǴǫ ǭƢǼǿ ƽȂȀȈdzơ Śǣ ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐdzơ Ǻǟ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ŕƷ ƨǨȈǛȁ Ǿdz džȈdz "ȅǁȉơ" ǩąǂǠĉ dzơ ǺǷ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ȅƗ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ Ǻǰȇ Ń ơƿƛ ƆƢǏȂǐƻ ƶȈƸǏ ơǀǿȁ .ǶȀǠƦǗ ǺǷ ƢǻƢǯ ƨȈǻơȂȈūơȁ ƔƢƦǤdzơ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǠǓơȂƬǷ ƨǨȈǛȁ ŕƷ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǹȂƴLjdzơ Ŀ ƨȇƢǼǠƥ ơȁŚƬƻơ ǹȂȈƟƢǼƳ ƔƢǼƴLJ ǶǿǂưǯƗ ǹƗ ǁƢƦƬǟȏƢƥ ƢǻǀƻƗ ǺŴ .ƽȂȀȈdzƢƥ ƨǏƢŬơ DZƢǬƬǟȏơ ƩơǂǰLjǠǷ Ŀ ƨǨǴƬű ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ śƦǫơǂǷ ơȂǻȂǰȇ ƱƿƢǸǼdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǹƢŻȏơ ǒǧǂǻ ƢǼǻȋ .ŚƦǯ ǪȈǫƾƬƥȁ ƨȇƢǼǠƥ ơȁŚƬƻơ ǶĔƗ ǹȁƾǯƘƬǷ Dzƥ ǖLJȂƬŭơ ňƢŭȋơ ǹȂǴưŻ ȏ ǖǬǧ ơȂLjȈdz ǶŮƢǸǟƗ ƢǼȇƗǁ Ǻȇǀdzơ Ɣȏƚǿ ƔƢLJƚƦdzơ DžƢǼǴdz ǺǘǼǼŲȁŐdzơ ƢƆǔȇƗ ơƿƢŭ ŚLjǨƫ ǂưǯƗ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ .ǖLJȂƬŭơ ňƢŭȋơ ŚLJȋơ ŕƷ ǹȂǴưŻ ȏ ŚLjǨƬdzơ ƢŠǁȁ ƾūơ ơǀǿ ńƛ śȈnjƷȁ ơȂǻƢǯ Džȁǂdzơȁ ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơȁ ǹƢŭȋơ ǹȂȈLJƢȈLjdzơ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬdzơ Śǣ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ DzưǷ DZƢǸǟƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƨȈƟƢǼƳ DZƢǸǟƗ ƩŐƬǟơ ƢȈǻƢŭƗ Ŀ ǶĔƗ Ŀ ǺǸǰȇ .ȅǃƢǼdzơ ƣDŽūơ ƔƢǘnjǼƥ ƩǂǓƗ Ŗdzơ ƩƢǫǂLjdzơ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǞǷ ƨǟȂǼǸŭơ ƩƢǫȐǠdzơ ȏ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ƨǠǸLjdzơ ƨƠȈLJ ƩơǂǰLjǠǷ Ŀ ơȂƫƢǷȁ ơȂNjƢǟ "ǹȂȈǬȈǬūơ" ǹȂȈLJƢȈLjdzơ .ƢȀȈǧ NJȈǠǻ Ŗdzơ ǥȁǂǜdzơ Ǻǟ ǦǴƬţ ǥȁǂǛ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠǷ ǹĊ ƢǠŠ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǩƢǘƫ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ ơȂǴǷƢǠȇ Ńȁ ȃǂLJƗ ơȂǻƢǯ ǶǿƢǻǁȂǏ Ǻȇǀdzơ śǨǛȂǸǴdz ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ơȂǻƢǯȁ ơȂǬƦȇ ŕƷ ƨȈƫơǀdzơ ǶǿơȂǬƥ ơȂǟǁƢǏ ƾǬdz .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǶȀǬȇǂǗ ƨȇơƾƥ Ŀ DzǔǧƗ ǞǼŭ ƨǟƢLJ Dzǯȁ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ƧȂǬƥ ơȂǟǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ǁƢȈƬdzơ ƾǓ ơȂƸƦLjȇ ǹƗ ǺȇǂǘǔǷ ǹƗȁ Ɣơƾǟȋơ DzƥƢǬǷ ơȁƾǸǐȇ ǹƗ śƫȁǂdzơ ȄǴǟȁ ƽŐdzơ ȄǴǟȁ ǝȂŪơ ȄǴǟ ƣǂūơ 97
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǹƗ ơȂǸǴǠƬȇ ǹƗȁ ǝơǂƬƻȏơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ơȁǁȂǘȇ ǹƗȁ śLjǧƢǼŭơ ƾǓ ƨŧǁ Ȑƥ ơȂǧǂǐƬȇ ƨȈǬƥ Dzǯ ơȂǬǼź ǹƗ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ Ƨǁơƽȍơ ȄǴǟ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ơĈȂǬȇ ǹƗȁ .džǨǼdzơ ǖƦǔƥ ơȂǧǂǐƬȇ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ƾǓ ƨǯǂǠŭơ Ŀ ơȂǨǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶȀƦǻƚȇ ǹƗ ŚǸǔǴdz ơȂƸǸLjȇ ȏ ǹƗȁ ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǷơǂǰdz ƾǼǟ ƨǧȁǂǠŭơ Śǣ ȃȂǬdzơ ǮǴƫ ȆǟȁȐdzơ Ŀ ƨǼǷƢǰdzơ džǨǼdzơ ȃȂǫ ȄǴǟ ơȂǜǧƢŹ ǹƗȁ ƢǿƢǼǟǂƬƻơ Ŗdzơ ǩǂǘdzơ ƪǻƢǯ ƧƽȁƾǠǷ Śǣ .ƨƦȈǐǠdzơ ƩơǂƬǨdzơ Ŀ śȈǷƽƕȁ ƣȂǠNj ǝơǂǐdzƢƥ ƢǼƬǷDŽdzƗ ƢȀǴǯ .ǂnjƦǴdz ƩƢȈǐƼnjdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ƽƾǟ Ŀ :ƩȂŶ ȏ ŕƷ Ƣđ ƢǻǂLJȁ ƨǴȈǴǫ Śǣ ǖLJȁ DZȂǴŞ ƢǼǷDŽdzƗ ƢȀǼǷ Śưǰdzơ .ǞȈǸŪơ ƾǓ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǾȈǧ Ǧǫȁ ȅǀdzơ řǔŭơ ƔƢȈƷƗ ơȂǬƦȇ ǹƗ ơȂǼǰŤ ƅơ ǶLJơ ȂLJƾǬǷ ȁƗ ǹȂǴǷƢǰdzơ ǹȂǬȇƾǐdzơ .ƨȈǫȐƻƗ Śǣ ƪǻƢǯȁ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ ǭŚǸǓ ǂǷȋ ƢƆǬƦǗ ƪǧǂǐƫ ơƿƛ .ǶȈǬdzơ Ǻǟȁ ƔȃƽƢƦŭơ Ǻǟ DZǃƢǼƬdzơ ǹȁƾƥ .ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ǚūơ ǮǨdzƢƷ ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ƧƢȈūơ ƾȈǫ ȄǴǟ ȄǬƦƫ ƧƢȈƷ ǂăȈLJĉ ǎ Ĉ ǫ ƨǘLJơȂƥ ƧƢƴǼdzơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ǩǂǗ ƨȇƘƥ ǂȀǜĄǻ ǹƗ DZȁƢŴ ǺŴ .ȅǂǼǿȁ DžƢȈdzƛ DZ ƽǂǨdzơ DzǧƢNj ǽǁƢLjȇ ȄǴǟ śǘǫƢLjdzơ ǥȂdzƗ ȃƗǁ .ƩơȂǼLJ ǞƥǁƗ DzƦǫ ƩƢǸȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǺǰLJ DzǧƢNj ƪǻƢǯ .ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƢȈLjƬȈdzƢƳ Ŀ ǾƬȇǂǫ Ŀ ƧǁDŽĐơ Ŀ ȃƗǁ ƾǬdzȁ .ǾǼȈŻ ȄǴǟ ƩơǁƢǘǬdzơȁ Dzƥ ǾLjǨǼƥ ǂǰǨȇ Ń ǹƢǷǃ ǺǷ .ƽȂǴƴǴdz ƶƳƢǻ ȅǁƢš DzŰ ƔƢǼƥƗ ƨLjŨȁ ƧƗǂǷơ ǽƾǼǟ ȏȁ ƢƆǟƢƴNj ȏȁ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈŦ Ǻǰȇ Ń DzǧƢNj .ǽDŽƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ȅǀdzơ DzǸǠdzƢƥ ǂǰǧ ƾŸ ǹƗ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǞǘƬLjȇ Ńȁ ǵǃȐdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇƢƸƬǷ Ǻǰȇ Ń ǾǻƗ Dzƥ .ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƢƆƠȈLJ DzăȈū ĉ ơ ǮȈŹ ǹƗ ǂǘǓơ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ .ǾƫƢȈƷ Ŀ ƨǸƟơƾdzơ ƩƢǟơǂǐdzơ ǺǷ ƨǜƸǴdz ƨƷơǂdzơ ƨLjǼǰǷ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ǩǂLjȇ ǹƢǯ ƧǂǷ Dzǯ .ǭƢǼǿ ȄǸLjƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǸǯ ƾƟƢǰŭơ ƧŚǤǐdzơ ǺǷ ƩơȁƽƗ ƤǴǗ "DŽƦŬơȁ DZƢŭơ" ǒǠƥ ŚǧȂƫ Ŀ ƶų ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǂdz ƢȀǠȈƦȇȁ DzǸǠȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟ ȆǐƼNj DzǸǠƥ ǵƢǫȁ ǾƬȇǂǫ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ȅǀdzơ ǭȂǴƦdzơ Ŀ ȆƳǁƾǼǰdzơ řǤȇ ǽƕǁ ǂȀǜdzơ ƨƷơǂƬLJơ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ņ DZƢǫ ȆǤȈLJ ƨǫǂǨƬŭơ .ƔƢƥǂȀǰdzơ ǕȂȈƻ ǺǷ ƩƢǧƢƬǯ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƢȇƢǬƥ Ǯdzƿ DzƥƢǬǷ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗ ǽȂǘǟƗ Ǻȇǀdzơ śȈǯƢǧȂǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠdzơ ǵƢǷƗ ǎǫǂȇȁ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƶǷƢLjƬǷ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ DzǧƢNj ńƛ ǂǜǼǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǼǴǫ ƢǷ Dzǯ ƤLjƷ ǥơƾǿȋơ ʼnƾǟȁ ǞǓơȂƬǷ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƨǘȈLjƥ ƧƢȈū DŽǧƢƷ ǖǬǧ ǾƷȁǁ Ŀ ƾƳȂȇ džƟƢƥ 98
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ƆƢǏƢƻ Ȑ Ɔ ǘƥ džȈdz DzǧƢNj Ǻǰdzȁ .ƢƆǷȁDŽȀǷ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ŕƷ ƧŚǤǏ ƨǯǂǠǷ ƨdzȂǘƦƥ ǑȂź .ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ DznjȇȂǷ ȄǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ńƛ ȅƿƚȇ ǹƗ ƽƽǂƬȇ Ń ǾǷƢǷƗ ƨǏǂǨdzơ ƪƸǼLJ ơƿƛ Ǻǰdzȁ ȄNjȁ DzǧƢNj.ƺƦǘŭơ ǺǷ ƨǫǂLjdzơ ǹȏȁƢŹ Ƣŷȁ ƢǸȀȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ DznjȇȂǷȁ Ȃǿ ǹƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ řȈǟ Ŀ Ǿƥ ƣƢƴǟȍơ Śưȇ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ ǾǻƗ Ƙǘƻ ƾǬƬǠȇ ǹƢǯ Ǿǻȋ ǾǬȇƾǐƥ .ǁȁƾǬǴdz DzLJƢǤǯ DzǸǠǴdz ƢƆƸNjǂǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƘƥ ƢƆǔȇƗ ȄǜŹ ǾǻƜǧ Dzǰdz ǹƢƥ ǹƢŻȏơ Ŀ ƨǬȈǬƷ ȏ ǾǻƗ ȃǂƻƗ ǁȂǷƗ śƥ ƾǯƚƫ DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ DžƾǼȀŭơ ƨǐǫ ƩƢƴƬǼǸǴdz ƢƆǷƢǿ ƢƆǠǼǐǷ ǽƽȐƥ Ŀ ǁơƽƗ DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ .ƔƢǬƦǴdz ƨȇȁƢLjƬǷ ƩƢȈǻƢǰǷƛ ǂnjƦdzơ .ƢƥȁǁȁƗ ƔƢŴƗ Ŀ ƨǟƢǼǐdzơ DZƢƳǁ śƥ ǥȁǂǠǷ ǹȉơ ńƛȁ ƢƆǧȁǂǠǷ Ǿũơ ǹƢǯȁ ƨȇȁƢǸȈǰdzơ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟơ ȏ .ǶȈƼǸǴdz ǾƠȈů ƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ śLjǸŬơ ŅơȂƷ Ŀ ǶȈLJȁ ǹƢLjǻƛ ƪǧǂǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ȏƆ ȂȀůȁ ƆơƾȈƷȁ ƆƢȇǁƢǟ ǹȁǂƻȉơ Dzƻƾȇ ƢǸǯ ǶȈƼŭơ ńƛ Dzƻƽ ǾǼǰdzȁ DZƾƫ ƩƢǷȐǟ ƪȈǬƥ ǾȀƳȁ ƶǷȐǷ Ǻǰdzȁ ȅƾLjŪơ DZȂƥǀdzơ ƶǷȐǷ ǾȈǴǟ Ʃƾƥ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǐƼǴƫ Ǿdz ƨȈǧƢǓȍơ ǩȂǬūơ Dzǯ ǵƢȇȋơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ .ȆǴƻơƾdzơ ǕƢƦǔǻȏơȁ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ȄǴǟ Ǿdz ƤǴƳ ƨȇȂǫ ƨȈŷƗ ǀƻƗ ȅǀdzơ DzǸǠdzơ ơǀǿ .śȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ DZƢǸǠǴdz ǁȁƾǬdzơ ǦȈǜǼƫ Ŀ ǾǟȂƳ ǝƢƦNjȍ ƨȈǧƢǯ Ǻǰƫ Ń ƨǧƢǓȍơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ƢƆǼȈǬȇ .ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ǺƸǏ Ǧǐǻ ǹƢǯ ǾǼǷȁ ǵȐǰdzơ DzȈǴǫ ǹƢǯ džǰǠdzƢƥ .ǂǷǀƬȇ ǽƢȇƛ ƆƢǷȂȇ ƾƷƗ ǞǸLjȇ Ń ơǀǿ Ƕǣǁȁ .ǽǁƢť ǾȈǘǠȇ ƢƆǸȈǜǼƫȁ ƢƆǻȁDŽű ǽƾǼǟ ǹƗ ǝƢƦǘǻȏơ śǨȈǜǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơȂǻƢǯ ǾƳȂdzơȁ ǹơƾȈdzơ : "ƣȂǴLJƗ" DZ ƽǂǨdzȋ ǹƢǯ .ǾǷȐǯ ƾǯƗ ǽǂȀǜǷ Ƨǂnjǟ ńƛ ƨLjŨ Dzǯ ǾǐȈǸǫ DzLjǤȇ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǹƢǯ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƧǁƽƢǻ ƧǂǿƢǛȁ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz DzLjǤdz ǾǻƗ ƢǼǿ ǚƷȐǻ) .ǺȇǂȀNj Dzǯ ƨȈǴƻơƾdzơ džƥȐŭơ ŚȈǤƬdz ǂǜƬǼȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǵƢȇƗ ƮȈƷ ƨǴLjǤŭơ ƣǂǫ ƨȇȁơǃ ƤLjǯȁ ƪǫȁ ƽƢŸơȁ ǹȂƥƢǏ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ ǎȈǸǫ ǹƗ ƢƆǠƦǗȁ ǦnjǼȇ Ȃǿȁ ǎȈǸǬdzơ ǹȂȈǟ ǞƦLjƥ Ƥǫơǂƫ ǹƗȁ ƢŮȂƷ ǹȂǠǸƬŸ ǹȁŚưǯ ńƛ ƣƢǿǀǴdz ƤȈǫƢƦǫ Ʊȁǃ ǽƾǼǟ ǹƢǯ .(ǁơȂǻȋơ ƔƢǨǗƛ ƾǼǟ ƢƆƦǗǁ DZơDŽȇ ȏ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǾLjƦǴƫ ƆƢȈǴǸǟ .ǾǸLjƳ ƪƦLJƢǻȁ ƧƾȇƾƳȁ ƨȈǬǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ Ʃƾƥ ƨǘǘű džƥȐǷ ŕƷȁ ƨǴLjǤŭơ ƾǠƥ ǖǬǧ .Ǯdzǀǯ ƶƦǐȇ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƧƾǷ ƪǼǼǷȁǂƥ ƨȈǐƼNj řƦȇ ǹƗ ƶų DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ ȆƴȀǼǷ Dzǰnjƥ DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ ƢǿƢǼƥ ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ ǽǀǿ Dzǯ ǹƗ ƪǧǂǟ Ǿdz ŖǧǂǠǷ ǺǷ ǂȀNjƗ Ƨƾǟ 99
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǾƬƦƳȁ ǺǷ DŽƦŬơ ǺǷ ƩƢǏƢǐǫ ǺǸưƥ ƤLjǯ ǾƬȈǐƼNj ƩƢƦǯǂǷ Dzǯ .ǩƾǐȇ ȏ ǺǷ ƨȈǧƢǓȍơ ƩȏǃƢǼƬǴdz ƢƆǷǁƢǏ ƢƆǷƢǜǻ ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǑǂǨȇ Ȃǿ ƮȈƷ ƨǴȇDŽŮơ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ . ƨLjƟƢƦdzơ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ǕȁǂNj ơǀǿ ǡƢǏ Ȃǿ Ǿǻȋ ƣƢƴǟȎdz DZƢů ƾȈǯƘƬdzƢƥ ǭƢǼǿȁ ȃƾŭơ ƾȈǠƥ ǹƢǯ ǾůƢǻǂƥ ǕƢƦǔǻƢƥ ǾůƢǻǂƥ ȌǷ DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ .ƨǧƾǐdzơ ǾȈǧ ƩǂǘȈLJ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ Ǿƥ ǵDŽƬdzơȁ ƲǷƢǻŐdzơ ǥǂǟ.ǾǬȇǂǗ Ŀ ơȂǨǫȁ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǩƢǧǂdzơ ǶƷǂȇ Ń ƢƆǠƦǗȁ ǾLjǨǻ ǶƷǂȇ Ń . ǵǁƢǏ ȆǴƻơƽ Ǯdzǀǯ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ Ȃǿ ƢǷ śƥȁ ƧȂǫ ƤƷƢǐǯ ǾǻȁǁƾǬȇ ǺăǷ śƥ ƧȂǘƻ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ǂȀǜŭơ ƔƢLjǠƫ ǹȁƾƦȇ Dzǰdzơ ƮȈƷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟ ǶǼǤdzơ ǺǷ ơƆƾƷơȁ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ŕƷ ǽơȂǫ Dzǯ ǞŦ ǭȂǷǂƬŹ ǹƗ Dzǔǧȋơ ƨǻƢǸǔdzơ Ȃǿ ǵǂƬƄơ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ńƛ ƩƢǜƷȐŭơ ǵƾǬȇ ǹƢǯȁ ȅǂǿƢǜƫ ǍȐƻƜƥ DzǸǟ ƶƥǀdzơ ńƛ ǩƢLjȇ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ȆǷȂȈdzơ ǝơǂǐdzơ Ŀ ǭǂƬnjȇ Ń DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ .ƨȈǜǟȁȁ ƨǠǼǬǷ ƨƴȀǴƥ ńƢLjǰdzơ ǚƷȐȇ ŕƷ ƧȂƻǂdzơ ńȁȋơ ƨƦƳȂdzơ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǶƬǿơȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ńƛ ǁȂƥƢǘdzơ Ŀ ƾďȈƳ ƣƽƘƥ ǥǂǐƫȁ ǾƟȐǷǃ Ǻǟ ǦǴƬź ǾǻƗ ƾǯƚȇ ŕƷȁ ǖƦǔǼǷ Ȃǿ Ƕǯ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ .ƨǬǴǘŭơ ǾƬȈǻƢǻƗ ǵƔȏ DzǷƢǯ ǾƬǟƢLJ ǹƗ DZ ƽǂǨdzƗ ǶȀǧ ƆƢǬƷȏ ǾǼǟ ǶǴǰƬǼLJ ȅǀdzơ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǶȈǫƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ DzȈƸǼdzơ ǾȀƳȂdz ƨȈǬǼdzơ ǾLjƥȐŭ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƔȆNj ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ Ǻǰȇ Ń .ƪǻƢƷ ƾǫ ǹƗ DzƳƗ ǺǷ ǺȇǁǀǬdzơȁ śǴǸȀŭơ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬŭƢƥ ǹƢȈǠǴdz ȁƾƦȇ ƢŲ ƨǫƢǻƘƥ ǩȂǴƄơ ǖǼǼǷȁŐdzơ ȅƗ śƳƢǼǴdz ȆǬȈǬūơ ǝȂǼdzơ ńƛ ƤLjƬǼȇ ǾǻƗ DzǸǠdzơ Ǫȇǂǧ džȈƟǁȁ ȂƥƢǰdzơ ǞǼƬǬȇ ǺċȈǟȁ "ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ" ƨƳǁƽ ǀƻƗ ƾǫȁ ǂưǯƗ ǀƻƘȇ ǽƾǼǟ ǺăǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .śǬȈǬūơ ƾǠƥȁ .ƩƢƦȈǯǂƬdzơ ǶLjǫ Ŀ ǺƸƬǸǸǯ ǾƬǴǤNj ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ƨǁơƽƛ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ȆȈǰȈǼǰƫ džȈƟǁ ǶǿơȂƬLjǷ ǂȇƾǬƬdz ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdz ƽƾŪơ śƸNjǂŭơ ǺƸƬŻ ǹƗ ƨǸȀǷ ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǬdzƗ ƧƾǷ ǶȀȈǧ ȃƗǁ ƢƆLJƢǻƗ ǺƸƬǷơ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ƨǬƟƢǧ ƨǫƾƥ Ƣđ ǵƢǫ Ŗdzơ ƨǨȈǛȂdzơ ǽǀǿ řȀŭơ .DzƦǬƬLjŭơ Ŀ śǼǰŲ śLjǧƢǼǷ ǾƫƢȈƷ NJȈǠȇ ǹȉơȁ ƩȂŭơ ǺǷ Ƣų ǾǻƗ ǑǂƬǧƗ řǰdzȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ ƧŚLJ ƨȈǬƥ ǥǂǟƗ ȏ . Ƶǂǧ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ džȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ ƨǻƢǰǷ ƤƷƢǐǯ ƧƽǁƢƦdzơ 100
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ơƿƢŭ ǥȁǂǠǷ Śǣȁ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ǺǷ ǵƢȇȋơ ƾƷƗ Ŀ ǖƦȀȇ 141565 ǹǃƾǼdz DžƢȈdzơ ƾǿƢNjƗ Ń ļƢȈƷ DZȂǗ ǾdzȂǗ Ǧǐǻȁ ǂƬǷ ŅơȂƷ ǵDŽǫ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǼǷȂǯ ńƛ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ƨǴǔǟ Dzǯ ǹō Ɨ ǦȈǯ ƾǿƢnjǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƆƢȇǁƢǟ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ǾƫȐǔǟ DzưǷ ƩȐǔǟ ǾȈǟơǁƿ Ŀ ƨȇǂŞ ǭǂƸƬƫ ƧŚǤǏ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ DzưǷ ƨǻǂǷȁ ƨȇȂǫ ǽƾǴƳ ƪŢ ǺǷ ǭǂƸƬƫ džȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ DzǫǂŮ ƢƆǠƟơǁ ƢƆƳƿȂŶ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹƢǯ ǂưǯƗ Ȑ Ɔ ȇȂǗ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz .ǾȈǴƳǁȁ .ǾLJƗǁ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ƢƆƦLJƢǼǷ ǺǷ ƢĔƗ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ƨȇȂǫ ȁƾƦƫ .ƨǸƴǸŪơ ǵƢǜǟ ƢƆȈǴƳ ȁƾƦƫ ǾƬǸƴŦ ƾǴƳ ƪŢ ǺǷ ƨǠǨƫǂŭơ ƧŚǐǫ ƨǏȂǐǬŭơȁ ƽȂLjdzơ ǾƫơǂǠNj ȂŶ ƾĈȈƳ Dzǰnjƥ ǹȁǂȇ . ǂƴūơ ȁƗ ǹƾǠŭơ ȁƾƦƫ DŽǼƬǰŭơ ǾȀƳȁ ƶǷȐǷ Dzǯȁ ǹƢƬưǴdzơ śƦŪơ Ǧǻȋơ .śǼȈǠdzơ ǩȂǧ ơƆƾƷơȁ ƢƆǠƦǏƛ ƨǬǘǼǷ Ŀ ƢƆǟȁǁDŽǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹȋ ƤLJƢǼǷ DžƗǁ ƾȇƾūơ ǺǷ ƢƆLJƗǁ ȁƾƦȇ DžƗǂdzơȁ ƨǬLJƢǼƬǷ .ƨȇȂȈƷ ƧȂǫ ƮƦƫ ǾƬȈǐƼNj ƔƢƥȉơ ǵƢȇƗ ǺǷ ƨȈƥǂƷ ŕƷ ǹƢŭȋơȁ ǹȂȈǼǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ƧƽƢLjdzơ .ǪǴǬdzơ ǾƦǴǫ Ŀ ǚǬȈƬLjȇ DzǸǠdzơ Ŀ DžƢȈdzơ ńƛ ǂǛƢǼdzơ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ .Ǿdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ƔȆNj ȏ .DzǷƢǠdzơ DžƢȈdzơ Ɣơǃƛ śdzȂǿǀǷ ǹȂǨǬȇ Ƕǿ ƨƯȐƯ śǼƯơ ǾȈǨƬǯ ȄǴǟ DzǸŹ DžƢȈdzơ ƾƷơȁ ƪǼũƛ džȈǯ DzǸŴ ǹƗ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ .ǹǃȂdzơ Ŀ ǹǃơȂƫ ǞǷ ƆƢǠȈŦ ƢȀǴǸŹ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ ǦȈǯ ƆƢǬƷ ƨȈƴƷƗ Ȇǿ .ƨǠƥǁƗ ŕƷȁ ǂďnjǰȇ ǶƬnjȇ ǮƸǔȇ śƬƥȂǟǂǷȁ śƫŚǐǫ śǴƳǁ ȄǴǟ ȏƆ ȂǸŰ ƨǟǂLjƥ ŚLjȇ .ƿȏȂǨdzơ ǺǷ śƬǟȂǼǐǷ ǽƢƬƟǁ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ řǤȇ řǤȇ ƹǂǐȇ ǾȀƳȁ ǩȂǧ DzǷƢǯ ǹơDŽƫƢƥ DzȇƢǬLjdzơ ȄǴǟ ǪǴLjƬȇ ǾǻƜǧ ƣƢnjƻȋơ ǺǷ ǝȂǼǐǷ ǽƔơǀƷ ǹƗ ǞǷ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ .ƧǁƢƴƷ Ƨǂnjǟ ǾLJƗǁ ȄǴǟ DzǸŹ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƔơȂŮơ Ŀ ƨǬǴǠǷ DzȇƢǬLJ ƨǫǁȁ ƾŸ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ .ƿȏȂǨdzơ Ǟǘǫ ǺǷ ƢƆǼȈǰLJȁ ƶȈǨǐdzơ ǺǷ ƨǠǘǫ ǺǷ ƢƆǨǯ Ƥŏǯǂă ȇĄ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .ǂǘŭơ ƪŢ ŕƷ ơƆǁƢǻ DzǠnjȇ ƧƽȁƾǠǷ ǹĊ ơȂƯ DZȐƻȁ ƆƢLjƥƢȇ ƢƆǸƸǧȁ ơƆǁƢƴNjƗ "DžƢƥ" ƩȂǐƥ řǤȇ .ƨnjǿƾǷ ƽƢǠƥƗ ńƛ ǪǐƦȇ ƆƢǫȐƷ ƆƢȈƳǁƾǼǯ ƆơǁƢų ƆƢǗƢȈƻ ǹȂǰȇ ȁƗ ƨƬLJ ǞǴƦȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ .ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ƢȀǠũƗ Ń NJȇƾȇȏơȁ ƨȈǻȂdzȂƦdzƢƥ ƩƢȈǼǣƗ ƆơƾƳ DzȈŦ ǹƗȁ DZƢȀLJƛ ǾƦȈǐȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥȁ ƘȈǬƬȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ƩơǂƬdz Ƨǂnjǟ ȁƗ ƨȈǻƢť ǂǯǂǰȇ Ƥȇǂǣ Dzǰnjƥ ƢƆȈǼƸǼǷ .ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ǒǯǂȇ ǹƗ ƶƴǼȇ .DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ơƆǁȂǧ ƽȂǠȇ 101
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǾƬȇƗǁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ śdzȁƚLjŭơ ƨǠƬǷ Śưȇ ƢŲ ƨǷȂȀǨŭơ Śǣ ƨȇǂǠnjdzơ ƩƢȈƥȋơ ȆǬǴȇȁ ƢǸǯ ňȂdzȂƦdzơ ǖǬLJȁ ƨǬȈǫƽȁ ƨȇȂǫ ƨƥǂǓ ǾǼǘƥ Ŀ ǾƥǂǓ .ǾǼǷ DZȂǗƗ ňȂdzȂƥ ǞǷ ǝǁƢǐƬȇ ƢƆǷȂȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń ƢƆƬǯƢLJ ȁƗ Ɣȁƾđ ƢƆLjdzƢƳ ƆƢŹǂƬLjǷ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǽǁƗ Ń ǾȈǴǟ ǍƢǏǂdzơ ơȂǬǴǗƗ Ȃdz .ƢƆŹǂƳ ȁƗ ƢƆǔȇǂǷ Śǣ ȃƾǷ ƣȂǴǘǷȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ƔȆŸ ǹƗ DzƦǫ ǾƫƢȈƷ ǖŶ Ǻǟ ƢƆƠȈNj ƾƷƗ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ƨȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ Ǿƫǁȁƽ Ŀ Ɨƾƥ ǦȈǯ ǂǰǨƫ ŕƷ DZƢȈŬơȁ ȆƷȂdzơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǫ ǺǷ Ʊǂź ǹƗ ńƛ ǾǠǧƾȇ ǹƗ ƶų ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ .ȂLJǁơȁ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƨNjȂnjŭơ NJȇƾȇȏơȁ Ȃǿ . ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ śǠƥǁƗ ƢŠǁȁ Ǻȇǂnjǟ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ ƢŠǁ .ƨȈǬǘǼǷ Ƨǂǰǧ ǾǸǧ ơǀǿ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ƢŠǁÅ .ơƾdzȁ ǂnjǟ ƨǠƦLJ ƤųƗȁ śƯȐƯȁ ƭȐƯ Ǻƥơ Ǿǻƛ ƧƽƢǟ DZȂǬȇ ǾLjǨǻ ƢƆǸƟơƽ .ƨǼǰǸŭơ ǞȈǓơȂŭơ Dzǯ Ŀ ǝƢǘǬǻơ Ȑƥ ƨǴǗƢƥ ơƆǁȂǷƗ DZȂǬȇ DžƢȈdzơ .ƨǣǁƢǧ ƧǂƻƢǨǷ ƢŶƘǯ ,ǾƫƢǯǂƷ śƥ ǪLjǼȇ ȏ ǹƢLjǻȍ ƨǠǗƢǫ ƩƢǯǂŞ ƨȈƥƢǘƻ ƨƴȀǴƥ ƉDZƢǟ ƩȂǐƥ ȏȁ Ǿdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ƢƆǐǫƢǻ džȈdz ǁȂȀǸŪơ ǹƗ ƨǬȈǬūơȁ .ǾƥƢǘŬ ŚƦǯ ǁȂȀŦ ƪǐǼȇ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǹȂƬƥǂȇȁ ǮƸǔdzơ ǺǷ ǹȁǂƴǨǼȇȁ ǾƫƢƥƢǘƻ NJǘǠƥ ǹȂƥǂnjȇ ǾƬǤdz ǹȂǧǂǠȇ ǺǷ .ƧǂǷ ǹơȂȈƷ DzưǷ ǁȁƾȇȁ ƤǔǤȈǧ Ȃǿ ƢǷƗ . DzǏơȂȇ ǹƗ ǾǻȂǠƴnjȇȁ ȅȂǬdzơ ǽǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ DžƢǸŞ DZȂȀů ńƛ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ ňȂdzȂƥ ńƛ ƧǂǷ ǾƳȂƬȇȁ Ǿdz śǬƸƬLjŭơ ƨǬǴƷ śƥ DžǂƬǨǷ ƾǠƥȁ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƨǸȈƬNj DZȂǿǀŭơ ǾȀƳȁ Ŀ ǪǐƦȇȁ Ǿƥ ƾnjȇȁ ơƆƾƷƗ ǮLjŻ ƧƘƴǧȁ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǹȂǰƸǔȇ Dzǰdzơȁ ƩƢǬȈǨǐƫ ǞǸLjĄƫ .ƶȇǂdzơ Ŀ ƨǫǁȁ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ ǾǧǀǬȇ Ǯdzƿ ƽȂǠȇ ơǀǿ ƾǠƥȁ .ƢǷ ƧƔȂƦǻ DzǸŹ ȅǀdzơ ƤȈǿǁ Ǟnjƥ ǹơȂȈƸǯ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ńƛ Ǿȇƾȇ Ǟǧǂȇ Ȃǿ . ǹȂǼĐơ ǾƥƢǘƻ ƤǔǤƥ DzǏơȂȇȁ ƤLjƷ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ ǺǷ .ȅƽƢǟ Śǣ Dzǰnjƥ ǃƢƬŲ DzǷƢǠǯ ƨǠũ Ǿdz ƩǁƢǏ ƨǟǂLjƥ "ƾȈLjdzơ" ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ DzǸǟ .DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ƢƆȈǴǸǟ ǦǫȂƫ ƢŮ ǪǘǼǷ ȏ Ŗdzơ ǶȈƼŭơ śǻơȂǫ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƧŚƦǯ ƧȂǬƥȁ ƨȈƟƢǼưƬLJơ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƢǿDŽƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ DZƢǸǟȋ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ǾȈdzƛ ǾƳȂƫ ƨƦȇǂǫ ƩƢǫȁƗ Ŀ .ƢǼǴǸǟ Ƥǫơǂȇ ǹƗȁ ƨƷƢǫȂdzơ ƧƾNj ǺǷ ƢƆǓȂǨǼǷ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǁȁƾȇ ǹƗ ƽƢƬǟơ ƽȂǠȇȁ DzǸǠŭơ Ǻǟ ƧƾȈǠƥ Ƣȇơȁǃ Ŀ ƩơǂǷƢǤǷ ńƛȁ ƨȇǂLJ ƩơǁƢȇǃ ńƛ Ʊǂźȁ ȆǨƬź ǹƢǯ .ƣƢǗȁ ǀdz ƢŲ ƨƠȈǴǷ ƣȂȈŝȁ ƔȆǴǷ ǺǘƦƥ 102
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ǾȈǴǟ ơȂǔƦǬȇ Ń .Ődzơ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ DzưǷ ȅDŽȇǂǣ ǝơƾş ƨȈǠȈƦǘƥȁ ƨƳơǀLjƥ ǩǂLjȇ DžƢȈdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦƒǬȇĄ Ǻdz ǾǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǖǬǧ ǩǂLjȇ Ǿǻȋ ǩǂLjȇ Ȃǿȁ ƢƆǷȂȇ ǹơ ƤŸ Ǟǫȁ ơƆǂƴƷ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǩǂLjȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ DžƢȈdzơ ƨǏǂǧ ǾǷƢǷƗ ƶǼLjƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣƢǬǟ ȅƗ ǹƗ ƶǓơȂdzơ ǺǷ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƦǬdzơ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ŕƷ .DzǨLJƗ ńƛ ǖǫƢLjƬȇ ..ǵȂǼdzơȁ džǨǼƬdzƢǯ ȅȂȈƷ DzǸǟ Ȇǿ ƨǫǂLjdzơ Ǿdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƦǧ ƧƾƟƢǨdzơ ʼnƾǟ Ȃǿ ǵȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ǹȂǼů Ȃǿ Dzǿ .DžƢȈdzơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ǺǷ ƢǼLjǨǻƗ DZƘLjǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǻƢǰǷƜƥ ǹȉơ ŃƢǠdzơ Ŀ Ƥȇǂǣ ʼnƾǫ ŃƢǟ ǺǷ ƨȈǬƥ ǾǻƗ ȁƗ .ƨǧƾǐdzƢƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ DzǏȁ ȅǀdzơ .ƿƢNj ǺǷ ƩơǀdzƢƥ Ǿǻƛ ȁƗ .ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƨŻƾǬdzơ ƔƢǬƦdzơ DZơȂƷȋ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƤLJƢǼǷ Ǻǰdzȁ ǂǏƢǠŭơ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƨǟǂLjƥ ƢǼƬǷ ơƿƛ ȏƐ ƛ ƣąǂǫƌ Ǻǟ ǾȀƦnjǻ ƢƆǠȈŦ ǺŴ ƱƢƬǻƛ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƱƢƬǻƛ .Ǯdzƿ DzƦǫ ƔƢǬƦdzơ Ǻǟ Ǧǰȇ ǹȋ ǾǸLjŝ ƢƆŭƢLJ ȆǬƥ DžƢȈdzơ .ƨƯȐưdzơ ƩƢǓơǂƬǧȏƢƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ǺǷ ơƆƔDŽƳ ǭƢǼǿ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ Ƶȁǂdzơ ǶȈǴLJ džȈdz Ǿǻȋ ȆǴƻơƾdzơ ǭȐŮơ ǺǷ ȂƴǼȇ ǹƗ ƶų ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǶȈLJȁ ǾǸLjƳ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƤLJƢǼǷ ňƢLjǻƛ ƱƿȂŶ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǥȁǂǜǴdz ơƆƾȈƳ ǦȈǰƬȇ Ʊ ƉÇ Ƣǻ ȂȀǧ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƧƢȈƷ ƧǁȂǐdz ǺƴLjdzơ Ŀ ǞǸƬĐơ NJǷƢǿ ȄǴǟ ƾƳȂǼȇ ǥȂLJ ƆơǂƷ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ DžƢȈdzơ ƶƦǏƗ ơƿƛ ƾƳȂȇ ȏ śǻƢů ȏȁ ǹȂǷǂů ƾƳȂȇ ȏ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .śǻƢĐơ ȄǨnjƬLjǷ Ŀ ȁƗ Dzǯ ǹȋ śǻƢů ƾƳȂȇ ȏȁ .Ƕđ ǂǔƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƨȈǫȐƻƗ ǩȂǬƷ ƾƳȂƫ ȏ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂǷǂů .ǺǰǸŭơ ƾȈƷȂdzơ Ȃǿ -ǹȉơȁ ƢǼǿ ǾǴǸǠǻ DzǸǟ Dzǯȁ ƢƆǨǴLJ ƩǁǂǬƫ ƢǼdzƢǠǧƗ Ǯdzǀdz .ƩơǁȁƢǼŭơ DzƳǁ Ȃǿȁ ơƆƾȈƳ DzǸǠȇ Ȃǿ .ƾĐƢƥ ȄǜŹȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ ǂǿDŽȇ DžƢȈdzơ ǺǷȁ ƨȇȂǫ ƨȈLjǨǻ ȃȂǫ ǽƾǼǟ ƪLjȈdz ǺăǷȁ ǾǻȂǷǂƬŹ ǩƢǧǂdzơȁ ȂƥƢǰdzơ .DzƬǬdzơ ǥƢź ȏ Ǿdz ƤǴš ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ƧƾȈƷȂdzơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ -ƧƢȈūơ ƨǴǏơȂŭ ƧȂǬdzơ ǹDŽƬź ǹƗ ơƆǁƽƢǫ džȈdz ȃǂƻȋơ DzƦLjdzơ Dzǯ .ǝƽƢƼŭơ ǶȀƦƬdzơȁ ƨȈǻȐǬǠdzơ ǵƾǟ ȅƗ DžƢȈdzơ ǪȇǂǗ Ȇǿ ǍȐŬơ .Ʊǂű Ȑƥ Ȇǿ
103
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǹƗ ƔơǂǣȍƢƥ ǂǠnjȇ ǺăǷ ǮdzƢǼǿ ǹȂǰȇ ƢŠǁ ǹȉơ ŕƷ ƢǻǂǗơȂƻ ƢǼȈĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹȉơȁ ȏƗ .ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƢǼƫƢȈƷ ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ƢǼƫƢȈū ŚȇƢǠǷȁ džȈȇƢǬǷ ǁǂǬȇȁ Dzƥ ƩƢǏȐƻ ǎǴƼƬLjȇ džȈdzȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ǥƾǿ ǶŮ džȈdz DžƢǻƘƥ ǵƾǘǐǻ ȏƗ ƆơƾƳ ǾȀƦnjƫ ƩƢLJƢȈdzơ ƢǼǼȈƥ DZȂƴƬȇ DzưǷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǶēȂǫ ƤƦLjƥ Ǻǰdzȁ ǎǫơȂǼdzơ ǽǀǿ Ƕǣǁ ƔƢȈƷƗ ơȂLjȈdz Ƕǿȁ ļơƿ ƾǬǻ ǶŮ .ǶēȂǫ ǺǷ ƩơǀdzƢƥ DžƢȈdzơ ƧŚLJ ǎǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƬȈǻ Ŀ džȈdz Ǿǻȋ ǾưƸƦǻ Ǻdzȁ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƤǠǏȁ Śǘƻ DZơƚLjdzơ ƨǘǬǻ ǦȈǔǻ Ǻǰdzȁ .Śưǰdzơ ƤƬƌǯ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ǻǟ ǂǰLjǠǸǴdz Ƣŭ ȃDŽǤǷ ǭƢǼǿ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥȁ ƤǻƢŪơ ǺǷ ƤǫơǂǷ ƾȀnjȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƢǷ ǁƾǬƥ .ǖǬǧ ƧƾƷơȁ .ơƆƾȈǠLJ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ Ǻǜdzơ ƤǴǣƗ ǹƢǯ DžƢȈdzơ : DZȂǬǼLJ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǴdz ƨǴǷƢǰƬǷ ƨȇǂǜǻ ǽƾǼǟ .Ȇǟȁ ȁƿȁ ơƆƾƳ ȅǁƢǔƷ .DžƢȈdzơ ǒȈǬǻ Ȃǿ ȅǂǼǿ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ǶǴǰƬȇ ƆơƾƳ Ȇǯƿ ǖǬǧ Ǻȇǂnjǟȁ śƬǼƯơ Ǻƥơ Ȃǿ .ǂǰLjǠŭơ .ƨǬȈǸǟ ƨȈǰȈLJȐǯȁ ƨȈǸǴǟ ƨǧƢǬƯ ƤƷƢǏ .ƨȈLJȁǂdzơȁ ƨȇDŽȈǴųȍơ ƨȈǨǗƢǟ ƨǴǏ Dzǯ ȅǂǼǿ Ǟǘǫ ǵȂȈdzơ Ǯdzƿ ǀǼǷȁ Śƻȋơ ƔƢƬnjdzơ Ŀ ƢǻȂƦdzơ Ŀ ĿȂƫ ǽȂƻƗ ƨǜƸǴdz ǽơȂǫ ǂƬǨƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ ƔƢǬƦǴdz ǝǁƢǏȁ ǾLjǨǻ ȄǴǟ ǪǴǣƗ .DžƢǼdzơ ǞǷ ǾƬǧƢǬƯȁ ǾƬǼǘǧ ǩƢǸǟƗ ǺǷ ƢǿƾȈǼš ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ Ŗdzơ DzƟƢLJȂdzơ Dzǰƥ ǹƢǠƬLJơ ƾǬdz .ƧŚǤǏ ǵơƾƼƬLJơ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǹƢǰǷƜƥ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǺǷ ǍȐŬơ DzƳƗ ǺǷ ȅǂǼǿ ƨȇǂǜǻ ƤLjƷ ƨȈǫơǂdzơ .ƨǫǂLjdzơ ƨŧǂdzơ ƨǴȈūơ :ǹƢLjǻȍơ ƤǬǴƥ ơƆǂȇƾƳ ȄǬƦȇ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ DzƟƢLJȁ ƭȐƯ ǺǷ ƣơǂƬǫȐdz ǾǼǷ ȄǫǁƗ ǁȁƢǼǷ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdzƭȐưdzơ DzƟƢLJȂdzơ ǵƾƼƬLjȇ ǾLjǨǻ ȅǂǼǿ Dzǰƥ Ƥǿǀdzơ ǒȈƥ ǒȈƦȇ ƱƢƳƽ ńƛ Ǿȇƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂdzȂƸƬȇ ǶĔƛ .DŽȈǴųȍơ ƣǂūơ ȃǂLJƗ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ǖǬǧ ƨȇDŽȈǴųƛ ƧǁƢƴȈLJ ǮǠǷ ƪǻƢǯ ơƿƛ : ǶǰǴǔǧ ǺǷ ơȁǂǰǧ .ƨǸǴǰdzơ ŘǠǷ ƨǔȈƥ DzǯƘȇ ȅǂǼǿ ơȁƗǁ ƧǂǷ Ʃơƿ .DzǷƢǯ ǵȂȈdz Ȑ Ɔ ǯƗ ƢȀǴƥƢǬǷ ǀƻƘƫ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ ƪǻƗ !ƨȈǬȈǬƷ ƨǫȂǴLjǷ .DzăȈū ĉ Ƣƥ ǪǴǠƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƢǼǿ ńƛ .ȅǂǼŮ ǁƢǰƬƷơ Ȇǿ ȅDŽȈǴųƛ DzǏƗ ǺǷ ƩƢȈƳƢŞ ƧǁƢƴƬdzơ ŘƦǷ ƨŧǂdzơ Ȇǿ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ƣȂǴǫ ńƛȁ DŽȈǴųȍơ ƣȂǴǫ ńƛ DZȂƻƾdzơ DzƟƢLJȁ Ǻǰdzȁ
104
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ǺǷ džȇƾǬdzơ ǹƢȈǘLjƦLjdz ǦȈǘǴdzơ ǾȇȂnjƬdzơ ǒǠƥ ǾȀƳȁ Ŀ ǦȈǘdz ǾȀƳȁȁ ȅǂǼǿ ǶLjƳ ŚưǷ ǦǠǔƥ ŚLjȇ DzȀǯ ƶǷȐǷ ƾǠƥ Ǿdz ƪLjȈdz ǹƢƬǬȈǸǟȁ ǹơȁơƽȂLJ ǽƢǼȈǟ .17ƢǷȁƽȂLJ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ . DžƢȈdzơ ƧƾǠǷ ǞǷ ƨǻǁƢǬŭƢƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈǴǫ ŚǤǏ ǾƫƾǠǷ ǝƢLjƫơȁ ǵơǂƬƷȐdz ǵƾƼƬLjȇ ǎǐƼƬŭ ƣƢǐǟƗ ƽȁŐƥ ƧƾƟƢǧ ƢȀǼǷ ǎǴƼƬLjȇȁ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǠȈƦǘdzơ ƩơDŽȈŭơ ƨŧǂdzơ ǹƗ ƾƳȁ ȅǂǼǿ . ǥƢnjƬǯơ ơǀǿ ƨǬȈǬūơ Ŀ.ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨǠƟơǁ ƲƟƢƬǼdzơȁ .ƨȈǸǴǟ DzƟƢLJȁ DžȂǨǼdzơ Ŀ ƧȂǫ ƽơƽDŽƫȁ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ ƪǟǁǃ ơƿƛ ƢǿǁȁǀƳ ƣǂǔƫ ƆƢȈdzȁƗ ƢƆLjƷ ƢȀǨǏȂƥ ƩƢƥǂǔƥ ƆƢǓǁƗ ơȂƷǂǘȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƽƽǂƬȇ ȏ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǮƠdzȁƗ śǷƾǬƬǸǴdz ƨȈƟơƾƦdzơȁ ƨȈǸȈȀƦdzơ ǹȂȈǷǂǷ ǺŴ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƢǻȂLJȁƾȇ ǹƗȁ ơƿƢŭȁ ƨƥǂǔdzơ ǹȂȀƳȂȇ Ǻŭ ơȂǧǂǠȇ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǔƦǬdzơ Ŀ Ȇǯƿȁ ǾǧƢnjƬǯȏ ƧŚƦǰdzơ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƨǸȈǬdzơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠȇ Ȃǿ .ƧȂǫ ȏȁ DZȂƷ Ȑƥ .ǾūƢǐdz ǃƢƬŲ Dzǰnjƥ ƢȀǷơƾƼƬLJơ ǥǂǠȇȁ ǾƬLjȇǂǧ ƧƾƷơȁ ƨƥǂǔƥ ƵǂŸ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ ǹǂŭơ DžǂƬǨŭơ ǹơȂȈūơ ǹƗ ƢǸǯ ƧǂǜǼƥ ǁƾǬȇ ǹƗ ȅǂǼǿ ǥǂǠȇ ơǀǰǿ ǾǴnjȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇȁ ȁƾǠdzơ ƾǼǟ ǦǠǔdzơ ǕƢǬǻ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǎƼNj Dzǯ ńƛ Ǻǰdzȁ ƆȐȈǴǫ ǶǴǰƬȇ .ǾƬȈǐƼNjȁ ǾǷƢǷƗ ȅǀdzơ ǎƼnjdzơ ƧƾƷơȁ ǂŻ ȏȁ ƾȇơDŽƬǷ ǦǗƢǠƬƥ ǾȈdzƛ ǞǸƬLjȇ ǂȀƦǼȇ -ǎƼnjdzơ -"ƱƿȂǸǼdzơ"ȁ .ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ƨǤǴdzƢƥ .ǁƢǸưdzơ ǦǘǬƥ ƗƾƦȇ ŕƷ Śưǯ ƪǫȁ ǂƳƗ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǾǻƗ ǁǂǫ ơƿƛ ǂƴūơ ǺǷ ƢƆƦǴǫ ŕƷ ƤLjǰȇ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ȅǂǼǿ ƽȂǼƳ .ǾȈƷƢǼƳ ƪŢ ǶȀǸǔȇ ǺŲ ǹȁŚưǯ ƾƳȂȇ ƢǻȂƥ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ .ǽƽȂȀŪ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǹƢŭƗ "ǹȂȈLJƢȈLJ" ǹȂȈǻȂdzȂƥ ǹȂȈǻơǂǯȁƗ ǹȂȈLjǻǂǧ ǹȂȈǻƾǷ DZƢǸǟ DŽȈǴųƛ ǾǗƢnjǻ DZƢů Ǻǰdzȁ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ǺǷ ƾƷơȁ ŕƷȁ ƹƢƦǘdzơ ƩƢǯȂǴƥ ƔƢLJƙǁ ƨǠƥǁƗ ǁȂƬǯƽ .ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤLjƷ ǭƢǼǿ ńƛ Dzƻƾȇ ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ȅǂǼǿ .ĺ-Ƣǰdzơ Ȃǿ ȆLjȈƟǂdzơ ƤǴǗ ƢǸǴǯȁ .ǽƢǬȇƾǏ Ƣŷ ǾǼǟ ǹƢǠǧơƾǷ Ƣŷ ƢŲ ǂưǯƗ džȇƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƽȁ ǹȁǂǘȈLJ
ŅƢǘȇȏơ džǻƢLjǻǂdzơ ƧǂƬǧ ǺǷ ǵƢLJǁ -ƢǷȁƽȂLJ ƤǬǴŭơ ȆLjƫƢƥ ȂȈǻȂǘǻƗ ňƢƥȂƳ 17 ȏƆ ȂƦǬǷ ƢƆǟȂǓȂǷ ǹƢǯ ǾƫȂǷȁ ǹƢȈǘLjƦLJ ƤȇǀǠƫ .(1549 ńƛ 1477 ǺǷ) ǂƻƘƬŭơ (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) .ƨǴƷǂŭơ ȆǷƢLJǁ ǺǷ ƽƾǠdz ƢƆƥȂƦŰȁ 105
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǹȂǰƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƩơǂƬǨdzơ Ŀ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ƾȇǂȇ ȅǀdzơ ǶLjǬdzơ Ŀ œǘdzơ ǎƸǨdzơ ńƛ ǾǻȂǴƻƾȇ .ȅǂǼǿ DZȂǬȇ ƢǸǯ "ƔƢƬnjdzơ Ŀ ǵȂǼǴdz" ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ƨƦǠǏ DZƢǸǟȋơ ȅǂǼǿ ƧǁƽƢǻ ƩơǂƬǨdz ǾǻƗ ȆǠȈƦǘdzơ ǺǷ Ƕđ Ǫưȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹȁŚưǯ DžƢǻƗ ƾƳȂȇ Ǿǻȋ ǹȂƯƾƸƬȇ ȏ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ơǀǿ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƨǫǂLjdzơ-ƨưdzƢưdzơ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ Ƥǿǀȇ ǹƗ ǂǘǔȇ .ƨƦǣǂƥ ǾǼǟ Ȇǫ ƔȆNj ƾƳȂȇ ȏ :ƾȈǨǷ Ǯdzǀǯȁ .ƨƷơǂƬLJȏơ ƨǟƢLJ Ŀ ǾǠǷ ƭƾƸƬdzơ ơƆƾƳ ǀǴŭơ ǺǷ ƧǂƥƢưŭơ ǾƬǬȇǂǘƥ ǾǻƘnjƥ ǂǰǨȇ Ń ƔȆNj ȏ .DzȈǏƢǨƬdzơ DzȈǏƢǨƬƥ ȅǂǼǿ ǾǧǂǠȇ ȏ ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧŚǤǏ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ƪǻƢǯ Ȃdz ƢǸǯ.ǖƦǔǼǷ ǞǓơȂƬƥ ǾƫơǃƢųƛ Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ Ȃǿ .ƨȈǬǘǼŭơȁ Ŀ ǾǼƥơ Ǻǟ ǾdzƘLJ ƾǬǧ ƤǐƬǤŭơ ǺǷ ƣǂƬǬȇ ǹƗ ƶų ǦȈǯ DzȈǐǨƬdzƢƥ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ .Ǿǯǁȁ Ƶơǂŝ ǶƬǿơ ƧǁƢȈLjdzơ ńƛ Ƥǿƿ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ ƨȀƦŪơ .ȆǨǗƢǟ ƣơǂƬǫơȁ ƧǁơǂŞ ǾǿƢš džŴ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ .ȅǂǼǿ ǞǷ Ʈȇƾūơ ƾȈǨŭơȁ ǀǴŭơ ǺǷ džŢ ƪǻƗ ƆƢǻƢȈƷƗ .ƨƦƸŠ DžƢLjƷȍơȁ ƨǴǏ ƨǷƢǫƛ ǹƢǰǷȍƢƥ ǹƗ ȁƾƦȇ ƢƆǻƢȈƷƗȁ śǟ ƨǧǂǗ Ŀ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƨǏƢŬơ ǾƬȈǐƼnjdz ƨǠƳȂŭơ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ ƨȈǨǴŬƢƥ ƵȂǓȂƥ ȅǂǼǿ ƢǿƾǠƥ Ǻǰdzȁ DžǂƬǨǷ ǹơȂȈƷ ńƛ DZȂƸƬȇȁ ǾȈƬǨNj ȄǴǟ ƾǸƴƬƫ ƨǼȇDŽūơ ǾƬǷƢLjƬƥơ j'ai quelque chose à faire…j'ai ...ƣƽƘƥ ƵƢǸLjdzơ ƤǴǘȇ ǝơǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƾȈǐdzơ ...Ŀ ǾǴǯ ǩǂǤȇ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷȁ...18 quelqu'un à voir
DzưǷ ǵȂȀǨǷ Śǣȁ ƢƆȇǁƢǟ ǺȇǂƻȊdz ơƆƽȁƾdz ơƆȁƾǟ Ǿƫơƿ Dzƻơƽ ƢƆǷȂǸǴǷ ƆƢǬǴǤǷ ƆơƾȈǠƥ .ʼnƾǬdzơ ƾȀǠdzơ ƣƢƬǯ ǺǷ ƨŻƾǬdzơ ȄǠǧȋơ řǻƗ ƆƢǔǷƢǣ ơƆǁȂǠNj ƆƢǸƟơƽ Ŀ Ɛ ƪǬƥƗ ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨȈƦǴǬdzơ ŕƷ ȅǂƬǿ ǞǷ ƨƯƽƢŰ Dzǯ ǽǂǜǻ Ŀ ƢƆǻƢLjǻƛ ƤLjƷƗ Ń ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ džƷƗ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ řǻƗ Ǯnjdzơ ĺ ǚǬȈƬLJơȁ ĄƪǷDŽĄǿ .ǽƽƢȈLJƗ ƾȇ Ŀ ƧơƽƗ Dzƥ
.ƢǷ ơƆƾƷƗ ȃǁƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǻƗ .ƢǷ ƢƆÅƠȈNj DzǠǧƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 106
18
ƨȇȁƢŮơ ńƛ ǹȂǘǫƢLjdzơȁ ǹȂƳƢǼdzơ
ǖŶ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ǥǂǟƗ ŕƷ ơƆŚưǯ ǞǧƽƗ ǹƗ ƾǠƬLjǷ . ǵȂȈdzơ ńƛ ȆƷ ȅǂǼǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ .ƨȈǻƢƯ ǽơǁȋ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ƾȇǁƗ ȏ řǰdzȁ ǂƷ ǹƢLjǻƜǯ ǾƫƢȈƷ
107
ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ǺǷ ƢƆǻȂǰǷ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǑȁǂǨŭơ ǺǷ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ȄǸLjŭơ 98 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ Ŀ ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ ƨƷƢLJ Ŀ ƪǠǸƬƳơ ǾƬǷƢǫƛ Ǻǟ Ȇũǂdzơ ǹƢȈƦdzơ ǂnjǻ ǵȂȇ Ŀ .śȈǏƢǐƬƻơ .ƾȇƾŪơ ȂƥƢǰdzơ DZȂƷ ǢǼǴƬǨǿ ǂnjǟ ƨLjŨ ŅơȂƷ ƨǟȂǸů ȅƽƢǷǁ ǂƴǧ ǵǂů ȅƗ "ǂǔƻƗ ȆƯȐƯ" ƢǼƬdzƢƦǫ ǦǬȇ ƆƢǔȇƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ :DZȁȋơ ǶǿȂdzơ ǂċƴǨƫ ȏƆ ƢƷ ƨǼȀǷ ƤƷƢǏ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ǹƗ ƾǬƬǠȇ Ǻǰȇ Ń DzǸǠdzơ ǂȇƾǷ .řȀǷ ǹȂǰƫ ǾƬƥȂƳƗ ǹƗ ȁƗ ƤȈŸ ȏ Ȃǿ .ǾǠǷ Ʈȇƾūơ ƨdzȁƢƄ ƾȀŪơ DZǀƥ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .ƨȈũǁ Ŀ ƨȇDŽǠƬdzơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǬdzơ ƽƢŸơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ .ƩƢƥǂǔdzơȁ ƩƢǘƦǴdzơ ǺǷ Dzƥơȁ ƢȀǠǷȁ ƨƻǁƢǏ .ƢƆȈƦLjǻ ƧŚǐǫ ǾƬǷƢǫȁ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ Ȑ Ɔ ȈŦ džȈdz ȅǀdzơ ǾǸLjƳ ŘƦǷ DZȂƷ Ǯnjdzơ ǺǷ DzǛ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń ƆƢȇȂǤdz ƨǨȈǠǔdzơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ Ƥǘƻ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ǺǛ ơƿƛ Ƕǰȇǂȇ ǥȂLJ džǰȈdzƗ ƆƢǼLjƷ ǹȂȇȁƢǸȈǰdzơ ǶƬǻƗ ơǀǰǿȁ :ǾƬȈǐƼNj ǹƗ ƤŸ ƔȆNj Dzǯ DzƦǫȁ .ƢƆnjƷƢǧ ƘƆǘƻ ƔȆǘű ǾǻƜǧ ǹƾǟ ƨǼƳ ńƛ Dzƻƾȇ ǥȂLJ ǾǻƗ DzǬǼdz ƆƢȇƽƢǟ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ȏƐ ƛ ǹȂǰȇ Ǻdz 98 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ƱƢƬǻȍơ ƗƾƦȇ ǹƗ ńƛ :ƢƆƸǓơȁ ǹȂǰȇ ƾƷƗ ǺǛ ơƿƛ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .ƾȇǁȂǴǯ ǵȂȇDŽȈǼǣƢǷ ǹDŽű Ŀ DzǤƬnjȈLJȁ ǺƸnjdzơ ƩơǁƢȈLJ ƢǼǻƜǧ Reichsdeutscher DZơ džǰȈdzƗ ƾǐǬǻ Ǿǟƾź ǹƗ ǾǻƢǰǷƜƥ ƢƆǨǬưǷ ǾǻȂǰdz ǾǻƗ ňƢŭȋơ ƾȇƾȀƬdzơ ƨǯǂŞ ǾǠƦǏƛ ǭǂŹ ǥȂLJ Ǯdzƿ DZȂǬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟȁ .Ƕǰȇǂȇ Ȃǿ :Ǿdz DZȂǬǻ Ŀ ơȂǨǬȈǴǧ Ɣȏƚǿ DzưǷ ƾƎƳȁĄ ơƿƛ Ǿǟơƾƻ Ŀ ƶƴǼȈLJ ǾǻƘƥ ƾƷƗ ǺǼǜȇ ȏ .ȅƾȈǴǬƬdzơ ƧƽƢLjdzơ ƢȀȇƗ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ǭƢǼǿ :ơȂǧǂǠȈǴǧ ƨǬȈǬƷ śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ơȂLjȈdzȁ ƾȇƾŪơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ ƔƢǸǴǠdzơ ǁƢƦǯ DzƦǫ ǺǷ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ Ŀ ǹȂǼƸƬŻ .ƨƦȇǂǬdzơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷơ ƽǂů džȈdzȁ .džƬȈƦǻƢǧ DžƾǼȀŭơ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơȁ ƪLjƥȁǂƥ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơ ǺƳƢǿ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơ ǶLjǬdzơ ǀǼǷ DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƢǼǬǴǘǻơ 97ȁ 96 ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ ƆȐȇȂǗ ƢƆƬǫȁ ƢǼǠȈǓ ƾǬdz "ļƽƢLJ" ǹȉơȁ .Ǿȇǂȇ ǥȂLJ džǰȈdzƗ ƧŚƫȂdzƢƥ ǵƾǬƬȇ ȏ ǺăǷȁ !ljǁƢǷ ơȂǷƾǬƫ ơǀǰǿȁ .ǺǷǃ 108
ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ
.Džƛ .DžȎdz ƨƦǫơǂŭơ ƨǘǬǻȁ ƨȈǬȈLJȂŭơ ƨǧǂǤdzơ ƣǂǬƥ ǂŶȁ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ǺǷ Ʊǂŵ ǺŴ ǶLjŪƢƥ ǹƢƬǬǐƬǴǷ ǹơƾȈdzơ ƾȈdzơ Ŀ ƨǠƦǬdzơ ƩƢȈLJƢŨ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ Ɣơǁȁ ơƆƾƷơȁ ŚLjǻ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƨƯȐƯ ƨƯȐƯ ǹȂǨǘǐȇ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .ǵȐǰdzơ ǝȂǼŲ ǹƢǟȂǧǂǷ DžƗǂdzơȁ ǪǼǠdzơ ǥȏƕ Ƨǂnjǟ ǁȂǔŞ ƨƴǔdzơ ƤǴǫ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ƾƷơȂdzơ ǵȐǰdzơ ǒǠƥ DZƽƢƦƫ ǺǰŻ .ƨȈƦnjŬơ ƤȈǫƢƦǬdzơ ƱơȁǃƗ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ƨưdzƢƯ ƨǼLJ ȆǠǷƢƳ ƤdzƢǗ ƩŐdzƗ ŚLjȇ œǻƢŝ ǹȂȇȁƢǸȈǰdzơ ƔƢǔǟƗ Ƕǿ ǺăǷ ƪǿƢƥ ƆơƾƳ ƢƆƥƢNj ȁƾƦȇ ļƢȈƷ Ŀ ǽǁƗ Ń ȅǁƢLjȇ ǺǷ ƮdzƢưdzơ ƆƢǠǷ ȄǬƦǻ ǹƗ ƢǼƸų ƢƆǔȇƗ ǺǷ śǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ DžƢǻȋ ǽȂƳȁ ƨƯȐƯ ȆǷƢǷƗ .śȇƾǼdzȂŮơ Ƕǫǁ Ǿǟơǁƿ ȄǴǟ ƾȈnjdzơ ǞǷ ȅǂǜǻ DZȂƷƗ ƢǻƗ ǁǀƷ Ŀ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ǪǴƷDŽƫƗ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ ƢǻƗȁ ƔơǁȂdzơ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ŚǘŬơ .ǂǻǃȁȐǯ džȇƗ ǾƳȁ ȃǁƗȁ ƨǜƸǴdz ơƆƾȈƳ Ƥǫơǂƫ ǹƗ ǮȈǴǟ ǹȋ ǂǗơȂŬơ Ŀ ǩǂǤƫ ǹƗ ǮǻƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdz ȆnjŤ ǮǻƗ ƢŭƢǗ ǮƥƢǬƦǫ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŢ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƪǻƗȁ ǮǷƢǷƗ ǹȂƳǂǠȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƤȈǫƢƦǫ ȄǴǟ Džȁƾƫ ȏ ǹƗ ǹƗ ǂƫȂƬǷ ǖƻ Ǻǟ DŽǨǬƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƧǂǷ Dzǯ .ǭƔơǁȁ ƱċǂǠdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ƪǴǨȇ ȏ ƮȈŞ ƩŐǟ řǻȋ ƽȂƳȂǷ ƢǻƗ ǺȇƗ ǶȀǨdzơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ ǮǫǂǤȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƔƢǷ ǩȂǧ ǺǷ DŽǨǬƫ :ƩŐdzȋ ǺǴǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǝǁƢNj h- strasse ƢǼǿ .ǪƥƢLjdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ǞǷ ƢǼǿ ƧƾƷơȁ ƪLjȈdz Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ƾȇǁȂǴǰdzơ-ǵȂȇDŽȈǼǣƢŭơ ǹǃƢű ńƛ ǹȂƦǿơƿ ƢǼǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ƨȇƽƢǠdzơ ǶȀǟăƾƻĉ ǺǷ DzǸǠȇ ƢǼǿ .ǽƢšơ Dzǯ ǺǷ ƨȇȂǫ ƨƸƟơǁ .ƤǗǁ ȂƦǫ Dzƻơƽ ńƛ DZDŽǼǻ ƢǼǴǏȁ ǺǷ DžƢȈǯȋơ ǹȂǣǂǨȇ ƨǠƥǁƗ . ƩƢǟȂǸů ƭȐƯ ńƛ ƢǼǸLjǬȇ ȂǧƢǰdzơ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ƢǻƗȁ ƩŐdzƗ ǺȇŚƻȋơ śƥ .ǹDŽƼŭơ Ŀ ƢĔȂƦƫǂȇ ƨǠƥǁƗȁ ƢǼǿ ńƛ ƢĔȂǴǬǼȇ ƨǠƦLJȁ ƩƢƥǂǠdzơ .ȅƾǼdzȂŮơȁ džȇơ .ǹȂǼĐơ ǾǸǴƷ ȏƐ ƛ džȈdz džǰȈdzƗ ǵȐǯ ǹƗ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼdz ơƾƥ .ǵȐǰdzơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ džƦǴƫ Ŗdzơȁ ƨǫȂǴŰ ƢȀŦƢŦ Ŗdzơ ƨǴǿơǀdzơ ǽȂƳȂdzơ ǺăƸƬăǸą Ąȇ ǺĈǷ !ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷơ .ƢƆǠƦǗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴdzƢƥ ǺăƸƬăǸą ǻĄ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǹȂǰȈLJ .ǁƢǠdzơ ƢǼdz ƤƦLjƫ ƨǠǫǂǷ ƨǫDŽŲ džƥȐǷ 109
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ȏ ǹƗ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǥȂŬơ ǺǷ Ǧšǂǻ ȅǁȉơ ǩąǂǠĉ dzơ ǺǷ ǁȂƬǯƽ ƨȀƳơȂǷ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ ƆƢǼȈǬȇȁ ǖȈƼǸƬǴdz ǵǁƢŰ ǮǴŶ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǥǂǠȇ Ń ǁȂƬǯƾdzơ ƢŠǁ .Ǧǻȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫ ȄǴǟ ǁƾǬǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǭǂƸƬǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ǦǬǻ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ .ơƿƢŭ Ǿdz ǂLjǨƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŲ Śǣ ǹȂǰȈLJ ǺǷ ƨưǠƦǼŭơ ƨǼƬǼdzơ ƨƸƟơǂdzƢƥ džŹ ƢƆǠƦǗ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơȁ .ƢǼǬȇƢǔȇ ǝȂŪơ ǶƟơƾdzơ ƢǼǬǧơǂǷ ǹȉơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǼǿ ƢǼƯȂǰŭ ńȁȋơ ǵƢȇȋơ Ŀ ƨƷơǂǴdz ƨȈǻƢǰǷƛ ƢǼȈǘǠȇ ȏ ǺǨǠdzơ ơǀǿ ƢǻƽƢLjƳƗ .ƢƆȈƟDŽƳ ƹȂƦǘŭơ ǥȂǨǴŭơȁ ƪǨǴdzơ ƨƸƟơǁ ƢǼLjǨǻƗ ƢǼǸǜǻ ƨƳƢƷ ǭƢǼǿ ƆƢǬƷ ƢŠǁȁ .ǁȂǷȋơ DZƢƷ Ȇǿ ơǀǰǿ ƢŠǁȁ ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ǂǰǨȇ ơǀǰǿ ƢƆǬƷ ƧƾȇƾƳ ƧǂȇǂNj ƢǷ ƧǁȁƢǼǷ ȏƐ ƛ ǂǷȋơ džȈǴǧ ơǀǿ ǞǷ ƢŠǁ ȁƗ ǹƢŭȌdz śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ńƛ ƨƦǠdz ȏƐ ƛ džȈdz ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǹƗ ǹȂLjŹ ȏƗ .pour faire chier les Juifs 19 ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ŃƢǟ Ŀ ǦǬƫ ƧƾƷơȂdzơ ǶȀǴƳǁ DžƢǻȋ ǪǘǼŭơ ƨŻƾǟ ƨȈnjƷȁ ǹȁǂƻȉơ ǭƢǼǿ .ǺƸǐdzơ DzǨLJƗ řȇǂĄȇ ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ǺȇƗ ńƛ ǁƢǜƬǻȏơ ƤƦLjƥ ȆǟȂdzơ ơȁƾǬǧ :ǂǻǃȁȐǯ ƤƬǯ .ƢǻƔƢũƗ ƢǼǴƴLJ Ƣǻơȁ ƩŐdzƗȁ ȆǐƼnjdzơ ǶȀǸǫǁ ǹȂǴƴLjȇ Ne pas chercher à comprendre
20
Ǯdzƿ DZȂƷ ǂǰǨǻ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ ȏ ƢǼǻƗ ǞǷ .ǃǂǨdzơ ƾǼǟ ƢǼƬȇƢĔ ǹƗ śǬȈƥ ǥǂǠǻ ǺŴ ǾƦNj ǾǻƗ ƆơƾȈƳ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƾǟƢƦƬǷȁ Ƥȇǂǣ Dzǰnjƥȁ ǵȂȈdzơ Ŀ ǪƟƢǫƽ Ƨƾǟ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ȅƾLjƳȁ ǵǃȐdzơ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ȇű DzǤNjƗ ƪdzǃ ƢǷ ƢǻƗ .ƽȂǸǐdzơ ǺǷ ǺǰǸƬǻ Ǻdz ƢǼǻƗ ƾǯƚǷ ƨǻƢǰŠ ȄǜƷƗ ǹƗ ƪƸų řǻƗ Ņ ƶǓơȁ ǹȉơ .DzǸǠdzơ ǺǷ ǝǂLJƗ ƧŚƫȂƥ ǵƾȀƬȇ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ Ŀ ƤLJǁƗ Ń ơƿƛ ǖǬǧ ȄǜƷƗ ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ ƨǻƢǰŠȁ ȂųƗ ƾǬǧ "ȆǏƢǐƬƻơ" řǻƜǧ ǁȂǘLjdzơ ǽǀǿ ƤƬǯƗȁ ƨdzȁƢǘdzơ ƤǻƢŝ dždzƢƳ ƢǻƗȁ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ ƔƢũ ƪŢ ǵȂȈdzơ .DzǠǨdzƢƥȁ ƆƢǬƷ ƩǂƳ ƢǼǿ ƢȀǐǬǻ Ŗdzơ ǁȂǷȋơ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ ƪLjdz
ǶȀǴȈǗƢǼƥ Ŀ ơȁƙǂź ǹƗ ńƛ ƽȂȀȈdzơ ǦȈŵ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 19 .ǶȀǨƫ ǹƗ DZȁƢŢ ȏ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 110
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ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ
ƢǼȈǴǟ ŐǠƫ Ȇǿȁ ƆơƾƳ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƪǻƢǯ .ƧƽƢǠdzƢǯ ƨƦǟǂǷ ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ǵƢȇƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƩǂǷ Ŀ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǵƢȈǬƥ ǹȂǼǷƚȇ ơȁƽȂǠȇ Ń Dzǰdzơ .ƩŐǟ ƾǫ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ơƆƾƳ ƧŚǐǫȁ . ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ .ƢǼǿ ƨȈǼȈƫȁǂdzơ ƨǬȇǂǘdzƢƥ ơȂǨƬƻơ ƨƯȐƯ .ǖǬǧ ƆȐƳǁ Ƨǂnjǟ ƢǼƯơ ȆǬƥ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ ơȂǻȂǰȇ Ń ƨLjŨ Ƨǂnjǟ řƯȍơ ǺǷ .ƽƢǷǂdzơ řǯƢLJ śƥ ƢŠǁ ƧǁȁƢĐơ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ Ŀ ƢŠǁ .ǶŮ ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ńƛ ơȁƽȂǠȇ ǹƗ džǰȈdzƗ ǺǷ ơȂƦǴǗ ƨLjǸŬơ Dzǯ .śȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ ǺăǷ ǥȁǂǠǷ džȈdz ǁǂǫ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ ƤȈƴǠdzơ ƤƴǠdzơ ơȁǂǜǻơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƢǿȁǀƻƗ ƩƢƥǂǔdzơ .ƧƾǟƢLjǷ ƧȂǬǯ ǹȂȈƟƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ Ŀ ȄǬƦȇ ǹƗ ǹƗ ńƛ ƢǻȂǟƾȇȁ ƾȇǁȂǴǯ-ǵȂȇDŽȈǼǣƢŭƢƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƢǼȈƬǻƢǰdzơ ǺǷ ƧƘƴǧ Ʊǂź džǰȈdzƗ ǵƾǬƬǻ ǺŴ ƨƳƢƳƾdzơ Ɣơǁȁ ǹȂǔǯǂȇ ƨǰƸǔǷ ƹơǂǧ ƨLjŨ DzưǷ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ńƛ Ƥǿǀǻ ǦǬǻ ƧŚǤǏ ƨƷƢLjǷ ńƛ Dzǐǻ .ƤƬǰŭơ ńƛ Ʊǁƾdzơ ƾǠǐǻȁ džǰȈdzƗ ƣƢǬǟƗ Ŀ ǺǸź džǰȈdzƗ .ƧǁȂȀnjŭơ ƔƢũȋƗ ƨƯȐƯ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƣȂƬǰǷ ƨǘǧƢȇ ǾȈǴǟ ȅǀdzơ ƣƢƦdzơ DzƥƢǬǷ Ruhe, :ƽȂǠȇ džǰȈdzƗ ƢǼǻơƿƕ ńƛ Dzǐȇ ǦȈǠǓ ƩȂǏ Dzƻƾȇȁ ǾƬǠƦǫ ǞǴź ƣƽƘƥ .ơȁǂǜƬǻơ .ơȂƬǸǏơ ǹȉơ . .jetzt. Warten ńƛ ƨnjǧơƾŭơ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ƨdzȂȀLjƥ ǂŻ ƪǫȂdzơ ǂǜƬǼǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ơƆƾƳ ǹȂǓơǁ ǺŴ .ƪǫȂdzơ ǂŻ ŕƷ ƽȂȀŪơ DZǀƥ ƤŸȁ ƨƥȂǠǐƥ ǵƾǬƬƫ ƨǬȈǫƽ Dzǯ DzǸǠǻ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ǵƢǷȋơ ƩƢǟƢLJ ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ǹȁǁƽƢǫ ǺŴ .ǂǜƬǼǻ ǹƗ ƢǼǷ ƢƆƥȂǴǘǷ ǹȂǰȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ǹȂǓơǁ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǺŴ .ǭǂƸƬƫ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ ƨǨǫơȂdzơ ǃȂƴǠdzơ ƤǯƢǼǠdzơ DzưǷ ƢǼLJơȂƷ ƤǠƬȇ DzǸǟ ȅƗ ǹȁƾƥ .śƬǯƢLJ ƢǼLjdz ǺŴȁ .ƢǼǯǂŹ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƢǼǼȈƥ ǂŻ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ǭǂƸƬȇ œǐǟ džǰȈdzƗ ǺǷ ƢȈLJȁǁ ǺǷ ƔƢƳ "ƣơǁ" Ȃǿ ȅƾǻȂǷ .ƨȈƦǐǟ ƩƢǷȐǟ ȅƾƦȇ ȏ ȅƾǻȂǷ ǖǬǧ ȄǴǟ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǶȀǼǷ ƾƷơȁ Dzǯȁ ƨǨǴƬű ƩƢȈǷȂǫ ƔƢǼƥƗ ƢƆǠǷ NJȈǠȇ ǭƢǼǿ ƩƢƥǁƢǰdzơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ňȂȈȀǏ Ȃǿ .ơƆƾƳ ƧŚưǯ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǥǂǠȇ .ƩƢǤdz ǞƦLJ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȅƾǻȂǷ ƩƢǤdz ƭȐƯ Dzǫȋơ ƆƢȈƟƢȈǸȈǯ džȈdz .ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ Ŀ ǁȂƬǯƽ Ȃǿȁ (ǹơDŽȈƫǁƢƥ) ƢƆȇǁȂƯ Ȑ Ɔ ƫƢǬǷ ǹƢǯ ȅȂǤdz ǖȈnjǻ .ơƆƾƳ ǶȈǰƷȁ ǝƢƴNj ƨȇƾȇƾƷ Ƨƽơǁƛ ȁƿ ƨǷƢǬdzơ Śǐǫ ǾǜƷ ƣǂŸ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ǾǼǰdzȁ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǺȇǁƽƢǫ ƢǼdzǃ ƢǷ ƢǼǻƗ ǺȇƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǼLjdz .ǾȈǴǟ ǹȂǸƴȀȇ Dzǰdzơ .ǍƢǏǁ ǶǴǫ ƾƳȂȇ ȐȈƦdz Kohlenwasserstoffe,
21
DZȁƢŴ
ǹƗ
ƾȇǂǻ
.ƤƬǰǻ
ǹƗ
ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ śǻơȂǬdz ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƔƢũȋơ ȂǴǠƫ ļǂǯơƿ Ŀ . Massenwirkungsgesetz ńƛ ƆơƾȈƳ DzǸǠȇ DZơǃ ƢǷȁ řź Ń ȅǀdzơ ȆƼŭ ǂǰnjdzƢƥ ǺȇƾǷ ƢǻƗ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢƦȈǯǂƬdzơȁ .ƨȈƷȁǂdzơ ƢȇƢǔǬdzƢƥ ƢƆȈǴǯ ƆƢƦȇǂǬƫ ǾdzƢǸǠƬLJơ Ǻǟ ƪǨǫȂƫ řǻƗ ƾƷ ƨǛƢǜǨƥ ƾǷ œǻƢƳ ńƛ Ǧǫȁ .ơǀǿ džǰȈdzƗȁ ŅƢǷ ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ƢǻƗ .ƣǂƬǬȇ džǰȈdzƗ ńƛ śƫȂǘƻ ǞƳơǂƬȇ ƧȂǬƥ ǾƬƥǂȇȁ ȆLJƗǁ ȄǴǟ ơƆƽƾů ƢȀǠǔȇ Ľ ŖǠƦǫ ǞǴź ǾǬǼǟ Was für ǶƬǸƬȇȁ ǹƢǧǂǬdzơ ŚƦǠƬƥ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƾǠƬƦȇ .ǾƷȐǏƛ ƲƟƢƬǻ ȃǂȇ Ȇǰdz ƔơǁȂdzơ ƣƢƦdzơ !ƨȈǬdz Ǿǻƛ ƢǼǿ DzǸǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ǹƢŭDŽǷ ȅƗ ein Muselmann Zugang ƢǻƗ .ȏ ǞƥƢLjdzơ .śƸNjǂǷ ƨƬLJ ƵƢƦǐdzơ ơǀǿ ơȂǐƸǨȇ ǹƗ ơȁǁǂǫ ƨƯȐưdzơ ƧǂƫƢǯƾdzơ .ƶƬǨǼȇ džǰȈdzƗ .DzǸǠdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ .ǞȈǸŪơ śƥ Őǯȋơ Ȃǿ ȆǐƼnjdzơ ȆǸǫǁ .ǞƥƢLjdzơ Ǻȇǂƻȉơ ǞǷ ơƆǁȂǷƗ ǀƻƕ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ džȈdz !ƔȆLJ ǚƷ ȅƗ .ǂȀǜdzơ ƾǠƥ ňǀƻƘȇ ƔƢƳ ."ǹȂdzƘLjȇ ƨǴƠLJƗ ƨȇƗ"ǎƸǨdz Ņƛ ǂǜǼȇ džǰȈdzƗ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ Ŀ .Ņ ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ƨǬȈǬūơ ƨǟƢLJ Ȇǿ ǮNj ǹȁƾƥ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ ŅƢǘȇơ řǻȋ řǿǂǰȇ Ȃǿ .džƟƢƦdzơ ȅǂǜǼǷ Ǻǟ ȏƆ ȁƚLjǷ ǾLjǨǻ ŐƬǠȇ ǾǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ .ƤǔǤƥ .ǾǴȈţ ȅǀdzơ ȆƟơƾƦdzơ DzƳǂdzơ Ǻǟ ơƆƾǠƥ ǂưǯȋơ ƢǻƗ ǾƬǫǂǧ Ŀ řǻȋȁ ȅƽȂȀȇ řǻȋ ǾǻƜǧ Ǿƥ DŽƬǠȇ ȅǀdzơ ǪǴǘŭơ ǾǴȀƳ Ŀ ƢȀǴȈţ Ŗdzơ ƧǁȂǐdzơ ȄǴǟ ƤȈƫǂƫ ǺǷ Ǯdzǀdzȁ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ŐǟƗ ǹƗ Ņ DzǷƗ ȏ ǾǻƗ ƾǯƘƬǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ ǽƾȇ Ŀ ƨǠƦǬdzơȁ džǰȈdzƗ .NJƬǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơ ǖǬǧ ƾƳȂȇ ƨǧǂǤdzơ Ŀ .Dzƻƾǻ ƶƦǏƗ Ȃǿ Ƣǿȁ ǂȀNjƗ ƨƯȐƯ DzƦǫ ǖǬǧ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ƔƢƳ ŅƢǘȇơ .džǸŮƢƥ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǾǠǷ Ŀ Ǯnjȇ džǰȈdzƗ Ȃǿ Ǻǰdzȁ Er sagt er ist Chemiker22 ƩȂƥƢǯ Ǧǐǻ
.ǂǷȋơ ƨȈǸƸǧ ƩȏƢǬŭơ ŚƯƘƫ ǹȂǻƢǫ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 21 .ȆƟƢȈǸȈǯ ǾǻƗ DZȂǬȇ Ȃǿ DZȂǬȇ : ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 22 112
ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ
DzưǷ džƷƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢƆƦǻƢƳ ƢŮȂŹȁ ƩƢǜƷȐŭơ ʼnƾǬƫ Ǻǟ ǦǫȂƬȇ NJƬȈǧȂǻƢƥ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǽǀǿ Ŀ ƢƆǔȇƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƨƸǓơȁ ȅǁƢǰǧƗ .džǰǼǨLjdzơ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǬȇ ȅǀdzơ DžȂƦȇƽƌƗ ǹƗ ȅȂǫ Ǟǧơƾƥ džƷƗ ƢǻƗ ơǀǿ ǞǷȁ ȅŚǐǷ ǞǓȁ ǵƢǷƗ ǦǫƗ řǻƗ Ņ ƶǓơȂdzơ ǺǷ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ǺǷ ƣǂǿƗ ǹƗ ȆǨƬƻƗ ǾƳȂdzơ ƨƦȈǯǂƫȁ ǹơȂdzȋơ ǾǨǻƗȁ ǽǂǠNj ǽƢǼȈǟ ǂǠnjdzơ ƶƫƢǧ DzȈŴ DzƳǁ Ȃǿ NJƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ƢǻƗ .ƨǠLJơȁ ƨƥƢƬǯ ƨdzȁƢǗ Ɣơǁȁ ƨǬưƥ džǴŸ .ȅǁȉơ ǩąǂǠĉ dzơ Ǻƥơ ƾǼǟ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǸǯ Ŀ ǞǷȏ ǦȈǜǻ ƤƫǂǷ Ǿũơ ǪƸƬLjȇ ŐƬű ǽŐƬű Ŀ ǦǫƗ 174517 Ƕǫǁ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ƨƥƢƬǰdzơ ȄĔƗ ƢǷƾǼǟ .ƨƼLJȁ ƨǸǐƥ ȆǬƥƗ ǾƬLjLjǷ ơƿƛ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀ ǾǻƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ ǾƟƢǬǻ .Ņƛ ǂǜǻȁ ǾȈǼȈǟ Ǟǧǁ ƪdzƘLJ ƨǨǴƬű DZƢǰNjƘƥȁ Ƨƾȇƾǟ ƩơǂǷ NJƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾdzƢƥ Ʃǂǰǧ ǵȂȈdzơ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷ .ňƢŭƗ -ȁƾǼŮơ ǩąǂǠĉ Ǵdz ƢƆǼƥơ ǾǻȂǯ ǶǰŞ džȈdz ǶLjǬdzơ ƱǁƢƻ ǾƬǫȁ Ȅǔǫ ǦȈǯ ȆLjǨǻ Dzƥ ǵƢǬƬǻȏơ ǥƾđ džȈdz .ǁǂƸƬdzơ ƾǠƥ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ǾȈǬƬdzƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ .ǹƢLjǻƛ ǝȐǘƬLJơ .Ŀ ō ȅǀdzơ ǝȐǘƬLJȏơ ƤƷ ƤƦLjƥ ƢŶƘǯ ȆĈ Ǵǟ ƩǂǷ ƧǂǜǼdzơ .ǹƢLjǻƛ ńƛ ǹƢLjǻƛ Ƨǂǜǻ Ǻǰƫ Ń ȆĈ Ǵǟ ƩǂǷ Ŗdzơ ƧǂǜǼdzơ ǹȋ ƨȈǿƢǷ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ Ȃdz ǂƻƕ ŃƢǟ ǺǷ ǩȂǴű ńƛ ǂǜǻ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ .ƨƳƢƳǃ DZȐƻ ǺǷ śǬȈƥ ƢǿƾǼǟȁ ƧǂǜǼdzơ ǽǀǿ ƨȈǿƢǷ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ śǬȈƥ ƢǿƾǼǟ ƪǼǯ ƧǂǜǼdzơ ǮǴƫ .ƮdzƢưdzơ ƺȇơǂǴdz ŚƦǰdzơ ǹȂǼŪơ ƨȈǿƢǷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ƪǼǰŤ ƢȀȈǧ Ƣǻǂǰǧ ƢȇƢǔǬƥ ǂNjƢƦǷ Śǣ Dzǰnjƥ ƨǜƷȐŭơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹƢǯ ƨǜƸǴdzơ ǮǴƫ Ŀ Ǟǧƾȇ ȅǀdzơ ƔƢǫǁDŽdzơ ǹȂȈǠdzơ ǽǀǿ Ɣơǁȁ ȅǀdzơ DzǬǠdzơ .ǶȀǼǟ ƢǿƢǼǴǫ ǁȂǷƘƥ ǹƢŭȋơ Ǻǟ ǹȁƾƥ ƽƢƦȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ ǝȂǼdz ǞƥƢƫ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ ȅǀdzơ ǂǷȋơ ơǀǿ" :ǂǰǧ ƢŠǁ ǽǀǿ ƨǴdzƾŭơ ȅƾȇȋơ ǹƢǯ ƢƆȇƗ DžƢLJƗ DzȈǐǨƬdzơ ơǀǿ Ŀ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƧƽƢƥȍơ ǺǷ ƾǯƘƬdzơ ƤŸ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǮNj ŇƽƗ ǹȁǂȇǂNj ƶƫƢǨdzơ ǂǠnjdzơȁ ƔƢǫǁDŽdzơ ǹȂȈǠdzơ :ǂǗơȂŬơ ƩǂǗƢǬƫ ȆLJƗǁ Ŀȁ ."ǽƿƢǬǻƛ ǺǰŻ ƔƢȈǸȈǯ Ŀ ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ ǶƳƢǼŭơ ƔƢȈǸȈǯ Ŀ ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ .ǶȀǠǷ ǑȁƢǨƬdzơ ǺǰŻ ȏ .ǶȀǠƦǘƥ ."... ŚƦƻ ƢǻƗ ǶƳƢǼŭơ
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ǑǂǠȇ ǾǸǧ Ǻǟ Ǧnjǰȇȁ ƣƔƢưƬȇ .ǾƬȇȁơǃ Ŀ ǦǬȇ džǰȈdzƗ ƢǸǼȈƥ ǪȈǬƸƬdzơ Ɨƾƥȁ .ƨǧǂǤdzơ Ŀ ƮdzƢưdzơ ňơȂȈūơ džǼŪơ DžƾǼȀŭơ ƾďȈLjǴdz ,Sie ŚǸǔdzƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǶǴǰƬȇ " Wo sind Sie geboren23 ǹƢǯ ƢǸȀǷ ƾȀƳ ȅƘƥ ǵȂǬȇ ȏ !ƢƆǷȂǴǠǷ ǺǰȈdz .ȆǿƢǰǧ džƷ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdz NJƬǧȂǻƢǧ .ƨǘȈLjƦdzơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ȆǠǷ ǵȐǰǴdz ƆƢǘȈLjƥ summa cum ǃƢƬŲ ǂȇƾǬƬƥ.1941 ƨǼLJ ȂǼȇǁȂǗ Ŀ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǴǐƷ œǬdz" ȅƾȇ ńƛ Ƨǂǜǻ ȆǨǰƫ ƆȐǠǧȁ .řǫƾǐȇ ȏ DzƳǂdzơ ǹƗ džƷƗȁ ǶǴǰƫƗ ƢǻƗ ""laude ȏ ƢǻƘǧ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ǞǷȁ .ǾLjƦdzƗ ȅǀdzơ ƺLJȂdzơ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ ǹȂǴǘǼƥȁ śƬƷȁǂĐơȁ śƫǁǀǬdzơ Ȃǿ ƢǷ Dzǯ ļƢȇǂǯƿ ǺǷ DznjƬǻƗ ǹƗ ƶųƗ řǻƗ řƠƳƢǨȇ ƢŲ Ǿǻȋ Ȃǿ řǻƗ ǮNjƗ ƧƾǷ ǀǼǷ ơǀǿ Dzǯ ƪǯǂƫ řǻƗ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨȇȂǔǠdzơ ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ Ŀ Ņ ǥȁǂǠǷ ƩƢǻƢƸƬǷȏơ DZƢǠǨǻơ .Ņ ơƆƾƳ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƧǁơǂƷ œǴǫ ǹȊŻ DžƢǸūơȁ ƨǧǂǠŭơ ǂƒǰLJĄ .ƨǴȇȂǗ Ŗdzơ ƨǧǂǠŭơ Dzǯȁ ǪǘǼŭơ ǹȁDŽű ƾȈǼš Ŀ ƨǬƟƢǨdzơ ƧǁƾǬŭơ ǮǴƫ .ļƢǻƢƸƬǷơ ŅƢǠǨǻơ .ƨLJơǁƾdzơ Ŀ ȆƟȐǷǃ ƢȀȈǴǟ ňƾLjƷ ƆƢǔȇƗ ŖǷƢǫ ǹƗ Ņ ȁƾƦȇ Ŀ ō ƨǴǏƘƬŭơ ƨǬưdzơ ǂǟƢnjǷ ǞǷȁ .ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ Ŀ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ ǮƷƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ ƢǻƗ .ƤǬǴdzơ ƩǀƻƗ ǝȂǓȂǷ ȅƗ Ǻǟ řdzƘLjȇ Ȃǿ ǹȉơ .ǃǁȋƢǯ ƤǐƬǼƫ ƢŶƘǯ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƧŚưǯ ǵƢȇƗ DzƦǫ ǹƢǯ ƢǷ DZȂƷ DzȈǏƢǨƬdzơ DzȈǏƢǨƫ ǂǯǀƫƗ ŕƷ ļǂǯơƿ .ǪƥƢLJ ƭƽƢƷ ǂLJ ȆǓƢŭơ ƨǻơDŽƻ ǺǷ DznjƬǻƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ ƨǼǷƕ ǾƫƢȈƷ ȅǀdzơ ȅǁȉơ ǩǂĉǠdzơ Ǻƥơ ǂǠnjdzơ ƶƫƢǧ DzƳǂdzơ .řǟ Ǟǧơƾƫ ƨǔǷƢǣ ƧȂǫ džȇǁƾƬdzơ ƣƢƬǯ řȇǂȇȁ ƨȇDŽȈǴųȍơ ǥǂǟƗ ƪǼǯ ơƿƛ řdzƘLjȇ .ňƽƾȀȇ ƢŠ ƢƆǏȂǐƻ ǶƬȀȇ ǂƻȉơ ƤǻƢŪơ Ŀ .ƢǼǿ .ǪȇƾǐƬdzơ ƤǠǐdzơ ǺǷ .*******ǹƢǸǗǁƢƳ ǾǠǓȁ ȅǀdzơ Ŗdzơ ƨƼLjǼǴdz ƢƆǷƢŤ ƨđƢnjǷ ǹƢǸǗǁƢŪ ƨƼLjǻ ƾƳȂƫ ƨǰƟƢnjdzơ ǭȐLJȋơ ǺǷ ǁơƾƴǴdz !ƨǠǷƢŪơ Ŀ ƨǠƥơǂdzơ ƨǼLjdzơ Ŀ ƪǸǴǠƫ ƢǷƾǼǟ ŖȈƥ Ŀ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ Ŀ ȅƾǼǟ ƪǻƢǯ
Ļƾdzȁ Ǻȇơ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 23 114
ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǹƢƸƬǷơ
ƢǻƗ .ƧƾƷơȁ ƨǠǧƽ ƽƾƦƬȇ ǹƢƸƬǷȏơ ƪǫȁ Dzǯ řǷǃȏ ȅǀdzơ ǂƯƘƬdzơ .ȄȀƬǻơ ƔȆNj Dzǯ ȅŚǐǷ ǁǂǬƫ Ŗdzơ ǞǗƢLjdzơ ǂǠnjdzơȁ ƶƫƢǨdzơ ƾǴŪơ Ʃơƿ ńƛ ǂǜǻƗ ƔƢǸǰƥ Ƨǂǜǻ ǂǜǻƗ .ƔƢǔȈƥ ƨǫǁȁ ƨƸǨǏ ȄǴǟ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ Śǣ ƩƢǷȐǠƥ .ǾƫƽƢȈǫ ƪŢ ƨȈǻƢƯ ƢǻƗ .ƵǂLjŭơ DŽǯǂǷ ńƛ ƽȂǠȇ džǰȈdzƗ !ƱǁƢŬơ ńƛ Los, abƨǧǂǠǷ ǵƾǟ ƨǸƬǟ Ŀ ȄǜƷƗ ƢǻƗ ƨǜƸǴdz .ƨǟǂLjƥ .ƔơǀƷ ƢƆƦdzƢǗ NJƬȈǧȂǻƢǧ ǵȐLjdzƢƥ ȆȈƷƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ǹȂdzȂǬȇ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ ƆƢưƦǟ .ƨƦLJƢǼǷ ǞȇƽȂƫ ƨǸǴǯ Ǻǟ NJƬǧƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ƨǤǴdzơ ŖȇŐǯ ǒǷƢƷ ǹȂdzȂǬȇ ǦȈǯ Ņ ǥȁǂǠǷ Ǯdzǀǯ ."DzǸǟƗ" "ǩǂLJƗ" "Dzǯƕ" Ƶǂǘǻ ǦȈǯ ƨǧǂǠǷ ƨȇƗ ȅƾǼǟ ƪLjȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ ƧŚǐǬdzơ ƱơȂǷȌdz ƾŏdzȂă ǷĄ ȅȂŪơ ǖǤǔdzơ .ƢȈǴǠdzơ ƨǬƦǘdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢLjǻƛ ȄǴǟ ǵȐLjdzơ Ǿǻȋ ƾǴŪơ ǺǷ ƔơǀƷ ȅǀƬŹ Śǘȇ Ȃǿ ƢŶƘǯ ǒǯǂȇ džǰȈdzƗ .Ʊǁƾdzơ ȄǴǟ DZDŽǼǻ ńƛ ǂȇǂNj ƤǔǤƥ ǂǜǼȇȁ ǽǂǜǻ Ǟǧǂȇ DzǨLJƗ ńƛ Dzǐȇ .ƨǯǂūơ ǞȇǂLJ Ȃǿȁ ƆƢȇƽȂȀȇ džȈdz œnjŬơ ƣƢǬƦǬdzơ ƤƦLjƥ ƨƴǔƥ DZDŽǻƗ ƢǻƗ .Ʊǁƾdzơ ŘƸǼǷ Ŀ ƨǴNjƢǨdzơ ļơȂǘƻ .ǺLjdzơ Ŀ ǵƾǬƬǷ ǃȂƴǟ DzưǷ ŚLJƗ ǶƼǔdzơ Ǻǟ ƨȇƢǨǰdzơ ǾȈǧ ƢŠ ǥǂǟƗ ƢǻƗ .ƢǼǿ ơƆŚƻ ǂǜƬǼȇ œǣ ǖǬǧ Ǻǰdzȁ . ƪƸų řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ȏ ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥȁ ƨǣǁƢǧ ƩơƔȂƦǼƥ ǪǴǠƬdzơ ǃȂŸ ȏ DZƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǾǻƗ ǥǂǟƗ ŕƷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƨǴȈǴdzơ ǹȂǯƗ Ǯdzǀdzȁ DzǸǟ ǵȂȇ ȆǴǟ ǂǷ :ƾǯƚǷ ƔȆNj ǭƢǼǿ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ŚŬơ ǞǫȂƫ ǺǰŻ .ȅƾȇ Ŀ ǹȂǸǔǷ ƤLjǰǷ Ȃǿ ǃƢȈƬǷơ DžȂǸǴǷ ǃƢȈƬǷơ ơǀǿȁ ƆƢǟȂƳ DzǫƗ ƿȏȂǨdzơ DzƥơȂǯȁ ƾȇƾūơ ǹƢƦǔǬƥ ƨƠȈǴǷ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ ǁȂƦǠdzơ ƤŸ ƧƽȂƦdzơ ńƛ ƽȂǟƗ ŕƷ ǺǷ DŽǨǬȇ ŕƷ Ǿƥ ǮLjŻ džǰȈdzƗ ƢǼǷƢǷƗ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ƾLjȇ ƿȏȂǧ DzƥƢǯ .ƢȀǔǠƥ ǩȂǧ ƧƢǬǴŭơ ȆǠȈƦǗ Dzǰnjƥȁ ƨȈǿơǂǯ ǹȁƾƥ .ǾǬƦLJƗ ƢǻƗ Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ .ǽƾȇ ńƛ ǂǜǼȇ "ǶǼȀƳ ńƛ" .ǾǫȂǧ ǂȀǜƥ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƾȈdzơ Ǧǰƥ ƪƥǂȇ ƨȇơƾƦdzơ Ŀ .ȅǂȀǛ ȄǴǟ ǽƾȈƥ ƪƥǂȇ džǰȈdzƗ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz řǻƗ Ǿdz DZƢǫ ơƆƾƷƗ ǹƗ Ȃdz ƣǂǤƬLjȇ ǹƢǯ ƱƿƢLjdzơȁ ǚǨdzơ džǰȈdzƗ ƆơƾȈƳ ǦǜǼȇ Ȃǿ .ƾȈdzơ .ǶȀǴưǷ ǹȁǂƻƕȁ Ƕǿ .NJƬǧȂǻƢǧ ǁȂƬǯƾdzơȁ Ȃǿ Ǻȇƾdzơ Ņ ƾȈǠȇ ŕƷ ơǀǿ ǾǠǷ DzǠǧƗ .ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ Dzǯ Ŀȁ džƬǨNjȁƗ Ŀ ơȂǻƢǯ ǁƢƦǯȁ ǁƢǤǏ ơȁĈƾǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ
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džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
ǺǷ ƢǼȈdzƛ DzǏȁ ǂƴǨdzơ ǞǴǘǷ .Ǒǁȋơ Dzƻơƽ ǁȂǸǘǷ ǹơDŽƻ Ŀ ǩƢǧǁ ƨƬLJ ƢǼǴǸǟ ȏ ƮȈƷ Ǿdz ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ǹƢǯ ƔƢǸLjdzơ ƨƦǫ ƪŢ džȈdz ǦȈǜǼƫ DzǸǟ .ƨǬďȈǔdzơ DZȂƻƾdzơ ƨƸƬǧ ƧǂƴǼūơ ȌǷȁ śǼȈǠdzơ ȄnjǟƗ Ɨƾǐdzơ ǁƢƦǣ .ƨȇƢǤǴdz ƢƆƦǗǁȁ ơƆƽǁƢƥ ǹƢǯ ǾǼǰdzȁ .ǾƦǫơǂȇ ǹƢLjǻƛ .ǵƾdzơ ǶǠǘǯ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǹƢǯ ǾǸǠǗȁ ǶǨdzơȁ ƘǨǗƗ NJƬȇȁƽ .DZȁDŽǼǴdz ƾǠƬLJơ ƢǷ ƾƷƗ .ƩǂƫȂƫ Dzƻƾŭơ ǺǷ ƪdzDŽǻƗ Ŗdzơ DZƢƦūơ ǶōǴLJĄ .ǕƢnjǼƥ ƢǐǠdzơ ǞǸų ƢǻƗƾƥ ƢǼǴǯ .ǺȇƽȂȈLJ ǚǬȇƗ ǂǻƾdzȂǣ .ƧǁƢƴȈLjdzơ Ȃǿ ǹƢƳ .ƢǼƥ ƨǏƢŬơ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ǺǷ ǹƢƳ Ǯdzƿ ǹƢǯ .DzǸǠdzơ ǂȇƾǷ Ǯdzƿ Ǻǰȇ Ń ȁƾǻƢǷȂǯ Ŀ ǢǼǴƬǨŮơ Ŀ ŕǧȋơ ǺȇǂnjǠdzơȁ ƨǠƥơǂdzơ Ŀ DžơDŽdzȍơ ǺǷ ȆǠǷƢƳ Ƥ ć dzƢǗ Ǻǟ DZȁƚLjŭơ :ǾǴǸǟ .ƭȂǠƦǷ -ǦǛȂǷ ȅƗ ȂdzȂǰȈƦdzơ ƨǨȈǛȁ ǀƻƗ Ǯdzǀdz ƔƢȈǸȈǰdzơ Ʃơȁƽȋơ ǦȈǜǼƫ Ǻǟȁ ƢȀǷȐƬLJơ Ľ DzǸǠdzơ ƩơȁƽƗ ƔƢǘǟƛ Ǻǟȁ ƨǨȇǂǐdzơ ƨǧƢǜǻ .ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴdz DzǸǠdzơ ƩƢǟƢLJ DzȈƴLjƫȁ .DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ƢǼǨǫȂƫ DZǃƢǼdzơ ǺǷ ƢǼƬȇƙǁ DZƢƷ .ƨǫȐǘƥ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơȁ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ǶǴǰƫ Also, Pikolo, was gibt es Neues?25 Qu'est-ce qu'il y a comme soupe aujourd'hui?26
Ŀ NJȈǠȇ ȅǀdzơ džLjȈdzȂȇ Ǧǐȇ ňơƽ .ȅǂǤȈdzƘȈƬǻơƽ ƾȀǟ Ŀ ƧƾȈǐǫ ńƛ ƧǁƢNjƛ 24 ƤƷȁ ƨŮȉơ Ƨƽơǁƛ ǩǂƻ ƢȀȈǧ ǞǸƬŸ ƨƦƊǯǂă ĄǷ ƨȈǐƼnjƥ ǶǼȀŪ ƨǼǷƢưdzơ ƧǂƟơƾdzơ DŽǯǂǷ Ŀ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǞǓȁȁ ǹƢŻȏơ ƽȁƾƷ ǩǂƬź ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ ȅǀdzơ ĿƢǬưdzơ ǝȐǘƬLJȏơ (ǶƳǂƬŭơ) džǻƢLjǻǂdzơ ƨǴƷǂŭ ƨȈǻƢLjǻȍơ Ƶȁǂdzơ ńƛ džLjȈdzȂȇ DŽǷǂȇ ŘǠŭơ ơǀđ .ǹȂǰdzơ ƾȇƾŪơ ƢǷ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ƾǠƥȁ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ
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džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
ƨdzƢƷ ƢǷ ǹŚǘNj ǺǷ ƨƥǂǓ Ǻȇǂnjǟȁ džǸŬơ ǞǷ ơƿƢǷȁ ȂƥƢǰǴdz ƾƳȂȇ ƱơDŽǷ ȅƗ ƨǟƢLjdzơ ƢǷ ňƾŭơ ƺƦǘŭơ ǺǷ Ʊǂţ ƨƸƟơǁ ƨȇƗ ƧƾȇǂƳ Ɨǂǫ Dzǿ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ džǬǘdzơ ǾǻƗ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ƨǨȈǛȁ ǹƗ ǥǂǠǻ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ơƆƾƳ ǹƢƳ ơȂƦƷƗ ƆƢǠȈŦ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ ƔƢǔǟƗ ǞƦLJ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ Ǻƥơ džȈdz ƧƽƢǟ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ǺǘǼǼǷȁŐdzơ Ŀ ƲȇǁƾƬdzơ ǶōǴLJĄ Ŀ śǨǛȂŭơ ȄǫǁƗ ǺǷ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǺǷ ǾƬƦǣǁ ƤLjƷ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ ǾǼǰŻ ƆƢȇƾLjƳ Ȑ Ɔ Ǹǟ DzǸǠȇ ȏ Ƨǂnjǟ ǀƻƘȇ ǹƗ Ǫūơ Ǿdz "Ǯdzǀdz" .ǁȂǼƬdzơ ƣǂǫ ǁƢȀǼdzơ Dzǯ ƘǧƾƬȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ǁƾǬdzơ ǝƢǫ ƢƆȈũǁ ǀƻƘȇ .ȂƥƢǰdzơ ǂLJ DzƳǁ Śǐȇ ǹƗ ƧŚƦǯ ǾǛȂǜƷȁ Ɣơǀǣ ƨƦƳȁ Ǧǐǻ ƨǧƢǓƛ ǞǷȁ ǂǯƢǷ -ǪȈNjǁ ǾǸLjƳ .ơƆDŽȈǸƬǷ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ǹƢǯ ǹƢƳ .Dzƴǟ ȄǴǟ ƔơǀƷȁ džƥȐǷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ƾǓ ƨȇǂLjdzơȁ ƨȈǐƼnjdzơ ǾƥǂƷ ǑȂź ƢƆǔȇƗ Ȃǿ .ƤǴǬdzơ ƤďȈǗȁ ƾďȈƳ Ǯdzƿ ǩȂǬūơ ȆŻƾǟ ƔȐǷDŽdzơ ǞǷ ƩƢǫȐǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ǚǧƢŹ ǦȈǯ ǥǂǠȇ Ǻǰdzȁ ƩȂŭơ ƾǓȁ ǚǧƢŹ Ȃǿ ơǀǰǿȁ ȂƥƢǰdzơ džǰȈdzƗ ƨǬƯ ƤLjǰȇ ǹƗ ŚƦǯ ƔƢǯǀƥ ƶų ǹƢƳ .ƧƾƟơDŽdzơ .ǾƬǻƢǰǷ ȄǴǟ ǪƦǘǷ DzȀƳ ƤƦLjƥ ǪǴǤǷ .ǁơƾǣȁ ǦȈǼǟ ǹơȂȈƸǯ ǥǂǐƬȇ .ǽƾȇƾē ǀōǨǻ džǰȈdzƗ Dzǯ Ŀ .ǖǴLjƬdzơȁ ƤȇǀǠƬdzơ ǁơǂLJƗ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ ǖƥơȂǓ Ȑƥ ǂǘȈLjȇ Ǿǻƛ .ƾȇƾNj ƔƢƦǣȁ ȄǴǟ ǵȂLJǂŭơ ǂǔƻȋơ ƮǴưŭơ ǃŐȇȁ .ƢƆȈǬǻ ƢƆȇǁƕ ƢƆǷƽ Ǿǫȁǂǟ Ŀ ǹƗ ǃơDŽƬǟƢƥ ǺǴǠȇ ƨƦLJƢǼǷ :ǺȇǁǀǬdzơȁ ǝƢȈŪơ śȈƟƢȈǸȈǰdzơ ǾȈLJȁƙǂŠ ǾǧƢǨƼƬLJơ ƆƢǸƟơƽ ǂȀǜȇ .ǽǁƾǏ IhrDoktoren! Ihr Intelligenten !27 ǹȂƸǐdzơ ƢǼȇƾȇƗ Ŀȁ NJǧơƾƬǻ .ƨƦƳȂdzơ ƪǫȁ Ŀ Ƣǻơǂȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƢǼǷ ǂƼLjȇ Ȃǿ ǵȂȇ Dzǯ ǞǷȁ ǩƢǨǼƥȁ ƧƔƢǻƾƥ śȈǻƾŭơ ƧƽƢLjdzơ ǞǷ DzǷƢǠƬȇ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǀƻƘǼdz ǵƢǷȋơ ńƛ ƧƽȁƾǸŭơ .ƨȈƦǴǫ ƨȇƽȁ ƩƢǫȐǟ Ǿdz .Džƛ .Džȍơ
ǵȂȈdzơ ƧƽȂƳȂǷ ƨƥǁȂNj ƨȇƗ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 26 !ǹȂǨǬưŭơ ǶƬǻƗ .ƧǂƫƢǯƾdzơ ǶƬǻƗ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 117
27
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .ƢǼƬǧƢƻƗ DzǸǠdzơ Ǻǟ ǂȇǁƢǬƬdzơ ƨƥƢƬǯȁ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰǴdz DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ǂƫƢǧƽ Ƨǁơƽƛ ǹƢƳ ǽƢǼƥ ƢƆǟȁǂnjǷ ơǀǿ ǹƢǯ .džǰȈdzƗ ƽȁ ƤLjǰȇ Ȇǰdz ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ǽǁƢƬƻơ ȅǀdzơ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ƆơŚƻƗȁ .ǵƢǸƬǿƢƥ ǾƫơǃƢųƛ ơȂƦǬǠƫ ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ DZƢƳǁ Dzǯ .ƢƆȈŸǁƾƫȁ ƨǸǰŞ ǁǀŞ ƢƆǠȈŦ ƢǼȈǧ ơƆŚưǷ ǾƬǨȈǛȁ ƢƆȈũǁȁ ƢƆȈƟƢĔ ǀƻƗ ȂdzȂǰȈƥȁ ǝƢǧƾdzơ ǕȂǘƻ ƪǘǬLJ .ƵƢȈƫǁȏơ ȄǴǟ ŚƦǯ ŚƯƘƫȁ ƧȂǫ Ǿdz ƪǻƢǯ ǾǻƗ ǞǷ ǾƬǻƢǰǷ ƔȆLJ Dzǰnjƥ DzǤƬLjȇ Ń ǹƢƳ Ƨƾǟ .Ȑ Ɔ ƟƢǿ ơƆŚƯƘƫ ƩĈǂƯƗ ƶȈƸǏ Dzǰnjƥ ƢŮƢǫ ƨǸǴǯ ǹƗ ƧǂǷ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƢǼȀƦƬǻơ .džǰȈdzƗ ǺŴ ǝȂƦLJƗ ǀǼǷ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ńƛ ƢǼǸȈǴLjƫ ǺǷȁ ƩƢƥǂǓ ǺǷ ƢǼǔǠƥ ǀǬǼȇ ǹƗ ƶų ƩơǂǷ Ǧǐǫ ƾǓ ǁȂǷơDŽdzơ :ƢȀǟȂǻ ǺǷ Ƨƾȇǂǧ ƨƦLJƢǼǷ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ƢǻƾƷƗ ǦnjƬǯơ ƔƢǫƾǏƗ ǹƗ ƶƴǼǻ Ń ǂǰLjǠŭơ Ŀ DzǸǠǴdz ƨȈLJƢǬdzơ DzLJȐLjdzƢƥ śǗȂƥǂǷ ƢǼǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȅȂƳ .ƩƢǷƢǸūơȁ ǒȈƷơǂŭơ Ŀ ƨǴȈǴǫ ƩƢǸǴǯ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ DZƽƢƦƬǻ :Ņƛ Śnjȇȁ ƔơȂŮơ Ŀ ǭǂƸƬŭơ ǶǴLjdzơ
ȄǴǟ ƧƾƷơȁ ƾȈƥ ǕȂƥǂǷ ǹƢƳ
Aujourd'hui, c'est Primo qui viendra avec moi
ǺǷ Ȃǿ DZăȂƷą ȋơ ňƢǨǴLjǻơǂƬdzơ ǹŚǘNj ǵȂȈdzơ Ǯdzƿ ŕƷ 28chercher la soupe ơǀǿ ƤƦLjƥȁ ǹǃƢƼŭơ ǺǷ ƩơȁƽƗ ǩǂLjȇ Ȃǿȁ ǾȈǴǟ ǒƎƦǫƌ Ȃǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ƾǟƢLJ
Ŀ Ǿdz ƾǟƢLjǸǯ Ǿdz Ȑ Ɔ ȇƾƥ řǼďȈǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ džǰȈdzƗ ǞǼǬȇ ǹƗ ƶų ǹƢƳȁ ƨǨȈǛȂǴdz ǒǧĄǁ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƤǴƳ Ŀ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƨǷƾŬơ DzǸǟ ȅƗ Essenholen -DzǸǟ ƔȆƳƢǨŭơ ǝƢǠNjȍơ ǺǷ ƢƆǧȂƻ ǾȈǼȈǟ ƢƆǔǸǤǷ ǾƥƢǬǟƗ Ŀ ƢǻƗȁ ƢƆȈdzƢǟ ǪǴLjƫ ǹƢƳ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƫȂȇǃ Ǒǁȋơ ǺǷ ƱǂƼĄƫ džǸnjdzơ ƧǁơǂƷ .ơƆǁƢƷ džǬǘdzơ ǹƢǯ ƱǁƢŬơ Ŀ .džǸnjǴdz Ŀ ƨƷƢƦLjǴdz ƔȆǗƢNj ȄǴǟ ƨdzȂǨǗ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ ĺ ǁƢƯƗ ƢŲ ƪǧDŽdzơȁ ǹơȂdzȋơ ǺǷ ǁƢş DzǰNj ƔƢũ ƢǼǫȂǧȁ Ǫȇǂǘdzơ ńƛ ƪƳǂƻ ƢǻƗȁ śƦȈǔǬdzơ ǺǷ ơƆƾƷơȁ ňƢǘǟƗ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ǦȈǐdzơ .ƨȈǧƢǐdzơ ǹơǂȇDŽƷ
.ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǀƻȋ ȆǠǷ ȂŻǂƥ ƔȆŸ ǵȂȈdzơ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 28 118
džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
ȆǬǼdzơ ƔơȂŮơ ŖƟǁ ƔDzǷ ƪLjǨǼƫ .ƨƳƢƷ ȏ .řƬǰLJƗ ǾǼǰdzȁ ǽǂǰNjƗ ǹƗ ƩƽǁƗ .ƧƘƴǧ śƬǨȈǨƻ ƢƬƸƦǏƗ ȆǴƳǁ ǹƗ ƩǂǠNjȁ Tu est fou de marcher si vite. On a la temps tu sais.29 ǹƢǯ ƧƽȂǠdzơ ǪȇǂǗ Ŀ .ǞƦǘdzƢƥ .ƢǼǴǸǟ ǹƢǰǷ ǺǷ ǂƬǷȂǴȈǯ ƾǠƥ ȄǴǟ ǵƢǠǘdzơ ơȂǟǃȁ .ƢƆǷơǂǣ ȂǴȈǯ śLjŨ ŅơȂƷ Ǿǻǃȁ ȆǐǠƥ ƢƆǗȂƥǂǷ ơƆǁąƾǫĉ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ DzǸŴ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ ǺǷ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ơǀŮ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ .Dzŧ ǹȁƾƥ ȆnjŶ ǹƗ ơƆƾƳ ƢǼdz ǀō dz Ǻǰdzȁ ƆơƾƳ ǪǿǂǷ DzǸǠdzơ .ƺƥƢǘŭơ ƣǂǬƥ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ǺLjƸƬLjŭơ ơǀǰȀǧ ƨǴȇȂǗ ƢƆǬȇǂǗ ƔƢǯǀƥ ǁƢƬƻơȁ ƨƥǂš ơƿ ǹƢǯ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ƾǐǫ Ǻǟ ƔǖƦƥ ƢǼƦǿƿ Ŀ ƢǼƫȂȈƥ Ǻǟ ƢǼƯƾŢ .ƢƆǰNj Śưǻ ǹƗ ǹȁƾƥ Dzǐǻ ŕƷ ƨǟƢLJ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ŚLjǻ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǻ Ǻǿ Ƕǯ .ƢǼƫƢȀǷƗ Ǻǟȁ ƗǂǬǻ ǹƗ ƢǻƽȂǠƫ ƢĈǸǟȁ ƢǼǸǴǠƫ ƢĈǸǟȁ ȂǼȇǁȂǗȁ ǡǁȂƦLJơǂƬLJ ǺǷ Ƕǯ ǥǂǠȇ ȏ ƢƆǸƟơƽ ǾǻƗ ǦȈǯ ƨǜƷȐŭơ Ǿdz ǵƾǬƫ ǹƗ ƩƽȂǠƫ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǷƗ ƩƢđƢnjƬǷ ƢƆȈǷȂȇ ǹȉơ ŕƷ DZȂLjǰdzơ ǹƗ ƢŮ ơȂdzƢǫ ơƿƛ ƣǂǤƬLjƫ ƪǻƢǯ ƢƆǔȇƗ ǾǷƗ .ǾƦȈƳ Ŀ DZƢŭơ .ƔƢǬƦdzơ Ŀ ƶƴǼȇ ƧƽƢǟȁ ǾƫƢȈƷ ȄǴǟ ǙƢǨƸǴdz ǝǁƢǐȇ ǹƗ ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ ƢǻǂǷƘȇ ǭȂǴƦdzơ džȈƟǁ ȅƽȁǁ .ƨƳơǁƽ ȄǴǟ ƢƆƦǯơǁ ǂŻ .Džƛ .Džȍơ ȅƾǼƳ ƨǠƦǬdzơ ǞǴŵ ǹƗȁ ƨȈũǁ ƨǨǫȁ ǦǬǻ Sale brute, celui-la.30 Ein ganz gemeiner 'Hund'.31 śƬǤǴdzơ ƢƬǴǰƥ ǂǰǧƗ ǹƗ ňƢǰǷƜƥ ƢǻƗ ǶǠǻ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ DzưǷ ƆơƾȈƳ ƨȈǻƢŭȋơ ǥǂǠƫ Dzǿ Ȃdz ƽȁƗ ƪǼǯ .ơƆƾƳ řƦƴǠƫ ƢȈdzƢǘȇơ .ǂȀNj ŅơȂƷ ƢȇǁȂǤȈdz Ŀ ƪǼǯ .DzǯƢnjǷ ǹȁƾƥ
ǥ Ċ Ƣǯ ƪǫȁ ƢǻƾǼǟ .DzƦŪơ ńƛ ơǀǰǿ Ƥǿǀƫ ƮȈŞ ƢǻȂǼů Ǻǰƫ ȏ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ
29
.ƧƽƢȇǃȁ .ǾǴưǷ ǁǀǫ ǖǫƢLJ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 30 .ǾǴưǷ DžǂNj ƤǴǯ :ƨȈǻƢŭȋƢƥ 119
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ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
ƩĈǂǷ ơƿƛ ƪǫȂdzơ ǞȈǔǻ ȏ ƢǼǟƽ .ǮǴǔǧ ǺǷ ƆȏƢƷ ƗƾƦǼdz DZȁƢŴ Dzǿ .ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏơ ǶǴǠƫƗ .ǑăȂǠă ƫĄ ȏ ƧǁƢLjƻ ǹȂǰƫ ƧƾƟƢǧ ǹȁƾƥ ƨȈƫơȂŭơ ƨǏǂǨdzơ ǽǀǿ .ǾǨǘǠǷ ƪŢ ƢƆǼƸǏ Ɣœź ǾȈǴƳǁ ǂƳǂŸ ƢǷȁǁ Ŀ ƽȂdzȂǷ ŅƢǘȇơ ňƢǘǼǸȈdz ǂŻ Zup-pa, : ƢƆǸLjƬƦǷ ƽȂǠȇȁ ƢǼƬƯƽƢŰ ǺǷ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǒǠƥ ǖǬƬǴȇȁ ƪǐǼȇ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ 32
'cam-po. ac-qua
.ǂnjdzơ DzƳȋ ǂȇǂNj Ǿǻƛ .ǥǂǠǻ ȏ ǝǂLjǻ ǹƗ ƢǼȈǴǟ .ƽƢĈLjǨdzơ Dzǰǻǂǧ ǂŻ ƪǫȁ Ǫă Ʀȇ Ń Ǻǰdzȁ .ǹȉơ Ǿƫǂǯǀƫ ơƿƢŭȁ ǦȈǯ ǶǴǠȇ ǹƢǘȈnjdzơ .džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ ... ǵȂȈdzơ džƷƗ ƢǻƗ :ǶȀǨȇ Ȃǿȁ ǶȈǰƷ ǹƢƳ ,ǂĈ Ƿ ǚūơ ƨǟƢLJ ǺǷ ŚƦǯ ǶLjǫ .ǁƢȈƬƻȐdz .ǵƽƕ ǺƥƢǯ ƢǻƗȁ ǾLjƷƗ ȅǀdzơ DžƢLjƷȍơ Ƥȇǂǣ Ƕǯ .ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰdzơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ .Ŗǻơƽ Ȃǿ ǺǷ ńƛ ǶȈƸŪơ ǶLjǬǼȇ ǦȈǯ .ƨȈŮȍơ ƢȇƾȈǷȂǰdzơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ ƾȇƾNj ǁƢǐƬƻƢƥ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ
.DzǬǠdzơ ńƛ DŽǷǂȇ ȅǀdzơ DžȂȈǴȈǣŚǧ .Contrappasso33-DZơ Ȃǿ ƢǷȁ ǵƢLjǫƗ ǵƢLjǫƗ .ƢȈƳȂdzȂȈưdzơ ńƛ DŽǷǂƫ Ŗdzơ ƢLjƬƥ ǂƫƢȈƥ .ƩƢǐǻȍƢƥ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ơƆƾȇȁǁ ƗƾƥƗ .ǽƢƦƬǻƢƥ ǞǸƬLjȇ ǹƢƳ Lo maggior corno della fiamma antica Cominciò a crollarsi mormorando, Pur come quella cui vento affatica. Indi, la cima in qua e in là menando Come fosse la lingua che parlasse
.ƔƢǷ ǂǰLjǠǷ ƨƥǁȂNj :ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ 32 .ǾǔȈǬǻȁ ǝȂǓȂǷ :Ŗǻơƽ ǝơƾƥƛ Ŀ ȅǂǠNj ƗƾƦǷ
120
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džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
Mise fuori la voce, e disse: Quando… ƨǨǏƢǠdzơ ƶȇǂdzơ ǹƢǐǣƗ ŐǯƗȁ ǃơDŽƬǿȏơ ǺǷ ƢƆƫȂǏ ǞǸLjȇȁ ƾǠƫǂȇ Ɨƾƥ ƶȇǂdzơ ǞǷ ǝǁƢǐƬȇ ƢŶƘǯ Ǿǻǂǫ DŽƬȀȇȁ ǾdzȐƻ ǺǷ ǶǴǰƬƫ ȅǀdzơ ǹƢLjǴdzơ Ȃǿ 34
"Ȇǫơǂǧ ƾǼǟ" :ǪǴǘǻơ ƩȂǏȁ
ƨǤǴdz DzȇȂdzơȁ Ŗǻơƾdz DzȇȂdzơ .ǦȈűȁ ƤȈǿǁ .ǶƳǂƫƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗȁ ǦǫȂƫƗ ƢǻƗ ƢǼǿ śƬǤǴdzơ śƥ ƨƥơǂǬdzơ ǺǷ ǾƥƢƴǟƛ ȅƾƦȇ ǹƢƳ .Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƶųƗ řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ ơǀǿ ǞǷ .ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ .ǂưǯƗ "ƨǬȈƬǟ" ȁƾƦƫ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzơ ƨŦǂƬdzƢǧ ǂưǯƗ ƨǸƟȐǷ ƨǸǴǯ ǭƢǼǿȁ ƢǼǿ ȆǴǟ ƵǂƬǬȇȁ Ǯdzǀǯ ȄĈǼǰƊ ȇĄ ǹƗ DzƦǫ " .Ƨǂǯơǀdzơ řǻȂţ ƢǼǿ .ǂǨǏ ..."ȆǫơǂƬǧơ ǞǷ" Ǯdzƿ ƾǠƥȁ ƨƳƢƷ ȏ ƨȇǂǠNj ƩƢȈƥƗ ǺǷ ǞǗƢǬǷ řǿƿ ńƛ ǁƾƦƫ .Ƨǂǯơǀdzơ řǻȂţ ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ."DžƢȈǼȇơ ."ĺȂȈǴȈǼȈǨdz ƤƄơ ǞdzȂƥ œƳơȂƥ ƾȈǠLJ Śǣȁ DzȀǰdzơ ƣȌdz ƢƆǷơǂƬƷơ DzŧƗ Ń ".ƢŮȂǬdz řǻȂţ ȏ ļǂǯơƿ ƢƆǬƷƗ Ma misi me per l'alto mare aperto … .ƩǂŞƗ ǶȈǜǠdzơ ǂƸƦdzơ ǩƢǸǟȋȁ misi " ơƿƢŭ ȂdzȂǰȈƦdz ƢǿǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ǁƽƢǫ ŕƷȁ ƨǴǸŪơ ǽǀǿ ǺǷ ƾǯƘƬǷ ƢǻƗ ơǀǰǿ ƪ Ą ǠǓȁȁ "je me mis" ȆLjǻǂǨdzơ ƵȐǘǏȏơ DzưǷ ǖƦǔdzƢƥ ƢǿƢǼǠǷ džȈdz "me ǂLjǯ ȄǴǟ Ȃǿ ƢǼǿ ƾȈǯƘƬdzơ .ǂưǯƗ ǝƢƴNj Śưǰƥ ȃȂǫƗ ƨȈdzƢǘȇȏƢƥ ƵȐǘǏȏơ .ļơȂǘƻ
ǞǘǬŭơ ơǀǿ Ŀ .ƧǁȁƢĐơ ǞǘǬdzơ ǺǷ DzăǸƳĄ ƾǠƥ ƢǸȈǧ 90 -85 ƾȈnjǻ ǶȈƸŪơ
34
.ǶȈƸŪơ Ŀ DžȁƾȈǷŚǣȁ džLjȈdzȂȇ ǵȏƕ Ŗǻơƽ ǁȂǐȇ
121
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ
Ƣđ ȄǴƸƬȇ ǹƗ ǾȈǴǟ ǹƢǯ Ŗdzơ Ƶȁǂdzơ ƨǟƢƴNj Ǻǟ ơǀđ ǂďƦǠă ȇĄ ǹƗ ƾȇǂȇ DžȂȈdzȂȇ .ƩƢǧȂdzƘŭơ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ !ǂƸƦdzơ ȅǂǬƦǟ .Ǟǧơƾdzơ ơǀǿ ơƆƾȈƳ ǥǂǠǻ ƢǼǿ ǺŴ .ƤǟƢǐŭơ ȄǴǟ ƤǴǤƬȇ ŕƷ ǖƻ ǪǴǤǼȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ."ȅǂǬƦǟ " ƵȐǘǏȏơ ŘǠǷ ƢƆǷƢŤ ǶȀǨȇ Ǯdzǀdzȁ ǂƸƦdzơ Ŀ ǝǂNjƗ ƧȂǴƷ ƩƢȇǂǯƿ .ǂƸƦdzơ ƵƢȇǁ ǖǬǧ ǞǨƫǂƫ ƔƢǔǨdzơ Ŀȁ ǖȈLjƥȁ ǶȈǬƬLjǷ ǖş Ǫǧȋơ .ǦȈű Dzǰnjƥ ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǫ .DzƥơȂǰdzơ ȆǠǓơȂdz ȁƾǻƢǷȂǰdzơ DzǸǠȇ ƢǼǿ ƨƦǠǐdzơ DZƢǸǟȋơ ƨǬǘǼǷ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ǽƾȈƥ ƵďȂǴƊȇĄ .ƧǂǨūơ ǩȂǧ ǺǷ ǾLJƗǁ ǖǬǧ ȃǂǻ Ȃǿ Ƣǿ .ȆǨȈdz DžƾǼȀŭơ ǞƦǘdzƢƥ ƾų .ǵƢǠǘdzơ Ǻǟ ơƆƾƥƗ ǶǴǰƬȇ ȏȁ ǂLjǰǻơ ǾǻƗ ǁă Ɨ Ń ǹƢLjǻȍơ ơǀǿ ƢƆǷȐLJ ."ǶȈǜǠdzơ ǂƸƦdzơ ǪǗƢǼǷ "ǶȈǜǠdzơ ǂƸƦdzơ ǪǗƢǼǷ" Ń ǶĔƢŻƢƥ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƔƢǫƾǏȋơ ǞǷȁ "Ŗǯǂƫ"DZ ƨƦLJƢǼǷ ƨǴǸŪơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǥǂǟƗ ńƛ ƨǟƢƴnjdzơ ƧŚLjŭơ ƧŚLjŭơȁ .ǂƻȊdz ǪƥƢLJ ǂǠNj ƪȈƥ ȅƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ .ňȂǯǂƬȇ ǎǫƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǷ ƢǻƗȁ ƨǸƬƬdzơ ǂǯǀƫƗ ȏ řǻƗ ǹDŽąƸǷĄ Ƕǯ .dždzȂǯǂdzơ ƧƾǸǟƗ Ɣơǁȁ ƢǷ ǖǬǧ ǹƢȈLjǼdzơ ƧȂǿ ǺǷ ǀǬǻƗ ǹƗ ƶųƗ ƢǻƗ .ƨǸǴǰdzơ ŘǠǷ Dzǰƥ DžƾǬŭơ ńƛ ƧƔƢLJȍơ .ŖǤǴƥ Acciò che l'uom piú oltre :ǾƬǤǴƥ ǾdzȂǫƗ ǹƗ ƤŸ Ǻǰdzȁ ƆơƾƷơȁ ơƆǂǘLJ .non si metta ...ƢƆǷƾǫ ŚLjȇ ǹƗ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǥƢź ȏ Ȇǰdz ƽƢƷ ƵȐǘǏȏơ ǹƗ ǶȀǧƗ ŕƷ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ DzǏƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ ǹƢǯ ."ǥƢź ȏ Ȇǰdz" ƪLjdz .ǹƢŪ ȆLjǨǻ ǺǷơȂǯ ǦnjǯƗ ȏ řǰdzȁ ."ƪǠǴǫƗ ǶȈǜǠdzơ ǂƸƦdzơ ǩƢǧƕ ńƛȁ " DzưǷ džǸnjdzơ Ǻǰdzȁ ƧŚưǯ ƔƢȈNjƗ DZȂǬdzơ ǺǰŻ .ƢƆǬƷ ƢƆǷƢǿ ƢƆƠȈNj ƢǼǿ ƪǨnjǯ řǻƗ ơƆƾǯƘƬǷ Dzǰƥ ƢŮȂǫ ƤŸ Ŗdzơ ƨǷƢŮơ ǁƢǰǧȋƢƥ ƔȆǴǷ œǴǫ .ǂąȀǛƌ ƪǫȂdzơ .ƔƢǸLjdzơ ƨƦǫ Ŀ ƪƸƦǏƗ .ǾƬǬȈǬƷ ȄǴǟ ŘǠŭơ ǶȀǨƫ Dzǿ ǂŏǰǧȁ ǾƦƬǻƛ .ȂdzȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ƪǐǻƗ .Ʃǂǯǀƫ ƾǫ Ƣǿ .Ǻť Considerate la vostra semenza: Fatti non foste a viver come bruti, Ma per seguir virtute e conoscenza 122
džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
ơȁǂǜǻƗ ǶǰǴǏƗ ƧǂƼǏ ńƛ ơȁǂǜǻƗ ƨȇǂƥ ƩƢǻơȂȈƷ DzưǷ ơȂnjȈǠƬdz ơȁƾdzȂƫ Ń 35
ƨǧǂǠŭơ Ǻǟȁ ǶȀǨdzơ Ǻǟȁ ŅƢǤdzơ Ǻǟ ơȂưƸƦƫ Ȇǰdz Ǻǰdzȁ
.ǩȂƦdzơ Ŀ ƺǨǻ DzưǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǵȐǰdzơ ǞũƗ ƢƆǔȇƗ ƢǻƗ řǻƗ ȁƾƦȇ !ǹȂǰdzơ ƣǁ Ƣȇ .ƢǻƗ ǺȇƗȁ ƢǻƗ ǺǷ ƪȈLjǻ ƨǜƸǴdz ňƾǠLjȇ Ƕǯ ǾƦƬǻơ ƾǬdz .ƤǴǬdzơ ƤďȈǗ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ƩƢȈƥȋơ ȄǴǟ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ƤǴǘȇ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ƢƆǬǸǟ ǂưǯƗ ƔȆNj ƾƳȂȇ ƢǼǿ Ǻǰdzȁ .ƩƢȈƥȋơ ƔƢǬdzƛ džŤ ǵȐǰdzơ ȃǂnjƥ ǹƜǧ ǝǂLjƬŭơ ŚǬǨdzơ ŘǠŭơȁ Ƣđ ƪǸǫ Ŗdzơ ƨLjƟƢƦdzơ ƨŦǂƬdzơ Ƕǣǁ ǺŴ ƢǼȈǴǰdz ƨƦLjǼdzƢƥ ƨǷƢǿ Ȇǿȁ .ǍƢƻ Dzǰnjƥ ǾȈǴǟ ǂƯƚƫ ƨǬƟƢǓ Ŀ ǹƢLjǻƛ Dzǯ ƤǴǫ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ DzǸū ǹƢƦȈǔǫ ƢǼǧƢƬǯƗ ȄǴǟ ƢǸǼȈƥ ƢȀȈǧ ǂǰǨǻ Ǻȇǀdzơ Li miei compagni fec'io si acuti ǂǨLjǴdz ơƆŚưǯ ȆǫƢǧǁ ƪǠƴNj ȃǂƻƗ ƧǂǷ ."ƪǠƴNj" ƵȐǘǏȏơ Ǻǟ řǣ Ƕǯ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ƧȂǬƥ DZȁƢƷƗ ƢƆưƦǟ ƢǻƗ DzǨLJȋơ ǶLjǬdzơ Ŀ" .DZƢƷ ƨȇƘƥ ǂǯǀƫƗ ǹƗ Ŀ ƶųƗ ȏ Ƨǂŭơ ǽǀǿ .ļǂǯơƿ řǻȂţ keine " .ǥǂǟƗ ȏ Ǯdzƿ DzƦǫ ƩƢȈƥȋơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ Ǻǰdzȁ .ǾȈƦNj ƢǷ ƔȆNj ȁƗ ."ǂǸǬǴdz .ƩƢȈƥƗ ƨǠƥǁƗ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ƪȈLjǻ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ Ņ ǂǨǤȈǴǧ .ƢǼǿ ǹȂdzȂǬȇ ƢǸǯ "Ahnung Ca ne fait rien, vas-y tout de même36. .ǽƾǠƥ ƧċƾNj ǺǷ ƢƆǬǷƢǣ ǽƢǼȇƗǁ Ȑ Ɔ ƦƳȁ Ǿdz ǾȈƦNj ȏ ǹƗ ƢǼdz DzȈƻ ƨƳǁƽ ńƛ ơƆƾƳ DZƉ Ƣǟ
120-118 ƨƸǨǏ ƧƾȈǐǫ ǶȈƸŪơ
35
.DZƢƷ ȅƗ ȄǴǟ NJǷƛ .ǶĈ Ȁȇ ȏ ơǀǿ :ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ 36 123
ǹƢLjǻȍơ Ȃǿ ơǀǿ Dzǿ 37
ƢǼǻȂȈǟ ƩƾǿƢNj ƢǷ Dzǯ DZȐƻ
ƢǷƾǼǟ DZƢƦŪơȁ .ƨȈǐȈƼǴƫ ƨǴŦ ."ƢƆǟƢǨƫǁơ ǂưǯȋơ" džȈdzȁ "ƨȇƢǤǴdz ǪǿƢNj "ǶǠǻ ǶǠǻ ǂǯǀƫƗ řǯǂƬƫ ȏ – ƅơ ƧƢȈŞ ƢǷ ƔȆNj Ǻǟ ǶǴǰƫ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ Ƣȇ ƾȈǠƥ ǺǷ Ƣǿơǂǻ ǁƢǘǬdzơ Ŀ ƽȂǟƗ ǹƗ ơƆƽƢƬǠǷ ƪǼǯ ƢǷƾǼǟ ƣȁǂǤdzơ Ŀ ř ċ ȈǠdz ƧǂǿƢǛ ƪǻƢǯ Ŗdzơ ŅƢƦƳ !ȂǼȇǁȂǗ ńƛ ȂǻȐȈǷ ǺǷ ƢȀǨnjǰȇ ȏ Ǻǰdzȁ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ƢȀȈǧ ǂǰǨȇ ǞȈǓơȂǷ ǽǀǿ .ƨǴǏơȂŭơ ƤŸ ȄǨǯ .ǂǜƬǼȇȁ Ņ Ɛ ƛ ǂǜǼȇ ȂdzȂǰȈƥ .ǺȇǂƻȊdz ƩƢȈƥȋơ ļǂǯơƿ ǺǷ DznjƬǻƗ ŕƷ ĺ ƨǏƢŬơ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ƨƦƳȁ ȆǘǟƗ ǹƗ ơƆƾǠƬLjǷ ƪǼǯ řȈǟ ǒǸǣƗ ǂǯǀƫƗ ǹƗ DZȁƢƷƗ .ƾȈnjǼdzơ ƨȇƢĔ ŕƷ "ȅƢǼȈǟ ƩƗǁ ƢǷ Dzǯ " ƾǠƥ Ŗdzơ ǺǷ ƾƟƢǐǬdzơ ǺǷ ǞǗƢǬǷ .ļǂǯơƿ ǺǷ ƣǂǿ .ƢƆưƦǟ ȆLjǨǻ ǺǷ ƤǔǣƗ ȆǠƥƢǏƗ ǒǟƗ .ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ ǁƢǏ .ƨƸȈƸǐdzơ ƩƢȈƥȋơ ƪLjȈdz Ǻǰdzȁ ļǂǯơƿ Ŀ ǵȂǬƫ ȃǂƻȋơ ŚǷơDŽŭơ :ȆĔƗ ǹƗ ȆǴǟ .ƺƦǘŭơ ńƛ ƢǼǴǏȁ ƢƆƦȇǂǬƫ .ơƆƾƳ ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ Tre volte il fe' girar con tutte l'acque, Alla quarta levar la poppa in suso E la prora ire in giú, come altrui piacque ƶȇǂdzơ ƱơȂǷƗ Dzǯ ǞǷ ƨƷȂƳǁ Ƙǯȁ ƪǠǧƽ ȃǂƻƗ ƨƦǣǁ ƽȂȀǟ ƨƯȐƯ 38
DzǨLJƗ ńƛ ƢȀǨǻƗȁ ȄǴǟƗ ńƛ ƔơǁȂdzơ ńƛ
ǶȀǨȇ ǹƗ DzȈƳƘƫ Ȑƥ ǞǸLjȇ ǹƗ ƤŸ .ȂdzȂǰȈƥ ǦǫȁƗ ƢǻƗ
135-133 ǶȈƸŪơ 37 141-139 ƾȈnjǻ ǶȈƸŪơ 124
38
džLjȈdzȂȇ ǁȂǷDŽǷ
śƥ ǂưǯƗ ǹȂǰǻ ȏ ƢǻƗȁ Ȃǿ ơƆƾǣ ƢŠǁ .ơƆǂƻƘƬǷ Śǐȇ ǹƗ DzƦǫ "ƪǠǧƽ ȃǂƻƗ ƨƦǣǁ" ƧǂƥƢǤdzơ ȄǘLJȂdzơ ǁȂǐǠdzơ Ǻǟ ǂLjǧƗ ǹƗ ǂǘǔǷ ƢǻƗ .ƾƥȋơ ńƛ ƾǠƥ ȆǬƬǴǻ ȏ ȁƗ ƔƢȈƷȋơ ǖǬǧ ǹȉơ ƢǻƗ ƢȀƬǸȀǧ ƨȈǷƢLJ ǁȂǷƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ơƆÅƾƳ ƔȆƳƢǨǷȁ ňƢLjǻƛȁ ȅǁȁǂǓ Ȃǿ ƢǷ ..ǵȂȈdzơ ƢǼǿ ƢǻƽȂƳȂdz ƢǻŚǐŭ ƤƦLjdzơ Ǿdz ƶǓȁƗ ǹƗ ǁƾǫƗ ƢŠǁ .ƧDŽȇǂǤdzƢƥ ȆǴǷƢū ƨȈdzƢƦdzơ džƥȐŭơȁ ǁǀǫ ǁȂȀŦ ǖLJȁ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǀƻȋ Ǧǐdzơ Ŀ ǦǬǻ ǺŴ .ƢǻƔơǁȁ ǹȂnjǧơƾƬȇȁ ǹȂǠǧƾǼȇ ƢǻƔơǁȁ ǹȂǷƽƢǬdzơ .ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹȂǼǴǠȇ .ƪǨdzȁ ǖȈƦǼǫ .Kraut und Rüben? Kraut und Rüben .ƪǨǴdzơȁ ǖȈƦǼǬdzơ ǺǷ ǵȂȈdzơ ƪăƼƦƎǗƌ ƨƥǁȂnjdzơ ǹƗ ƢƆȈũǁ Choux et navets –Káposzta és répak39 Infin che 'l mar fu sopra noi rinchiuso40
ƢǼLJȁƙǁ ǩȂǧ ǂƸƦdzơ ǪǴǤǻơ ŕƷ
.ƪǨǴdzơȁ ǖȈƦǼǬdzơ :ƨȈǻȂdzȂƦdzơȁ ƨȈLjǻǂǨdzƢƥ
39
ǾǫƢǧǁȁ džLjȈdzȂȇ ƩȂǷ ǁȂǐƫ ǶȈƸŪơ ƧƾȈǐǫ Ŀ ƧŚƻȋơ ƨǴǸŪơ 40 125
ǦȈǐdzơ ƭơƾƷƗ ǹƢǯ ǹĊ ƢƯ ŚLJƗ Dzǯ ǶȀƠȈů ǞǷ .ƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ ǺǷ ƩƢǠǧƽ ƪǴǏȁ ǞȈƥǂdzơ ǂȀNjƗ Ŀ .NJȇƾȇȏơ ƾǠƥ ǶȈƼŭơ Ŀ ƢǿŚǣ ǺǷ ǂưǯƗ ƨȈǰƄơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶȀƬǤdz ƪǻƢǯ ơǀǰǿȁ ƆƢȇǁƢǤǼǿ ȄǷơƾǬdzơ śƥ ǂǰLjǠŭơ ńƛ ǂȀNjƗ ƨLjŨ DzƦǫ ƢǼǴƻƽ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǺŴ ƢǼǯ 1944
