International Bibliography of Sikh Studies

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 1-4020-3043-6 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-3044-4 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3043-7 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3044-4 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

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Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi List of Sikh Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Sources Used for the Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

1. Printed and Electronic Reference Resources 1.1 Printed Resources 1.1.1 Encyclopaedias 1.1.2 Indexing & Abstracting Sources 1.1.3 Biographical Sources 1.1.4 Geographical Sources 1.1.5 Bibliographical Sources 1.1.6 Dictionaries & Glossaries 1.2 Electronic & Online Resources 1.2.1 CD ROMS 1.2.2 Online Resources 2.2.2.1 Online Access to Guru Granth Sahib 1.2.2.2 Online Books, Journals & Newspapers 1.2.2.3 Sikh Studies in Universities & Colleges 1.2.2.4 Sikh Diaspora

1 1 1 3 4 5 5 11 13 14 14 19 20 22 22

2. Sikh Gurus 2.1 Guru Nanak Dev 2.1.1 Biography 2.1.2 Janamsakhis 2.1.3 Philosophy 2.1.4 Poetry 2.1.5 Teachings 2.1.6 Travels 2.1.7 Mardana 2.2 Guru Angad Dev 2.3 Guru Amar Das 2.4 Guru Ram Das 2.5 Guru Arjan Dev 2.6 Guru Hargobind 2.6.1 Miri and Piri 2.7 Guru Har Rai 2.8 Guru Harkishan 2.9 Guru Tegh Bahadur 2.9.1 Martyrdom 2.9.2 Teachings 2.9.3 Travels 2.9.4 Relation with Aurangzeb

25 30 43 45 47 53 54 57 60 60 62 65 67 71 73 74 75 76 80 84 84 85

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.10 Guru Gobind Singh 2.10.1 Biography 2.10.2 Philosophy 2.10.3 Travels 2.10.4 Teachings 2.10.5 As Poet 2.10.6 Mission 2.10.7 Battles 2.10.8 Relations with Mughal Emperors 2.10.9 Five Beloved 2.10.10Baptism

85 93 96 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 103

3. Sikh Scriptures & Gurbani 3.1 Gurbani 3.2 Guru Granth Sahib 3.3 Works of Guru Nanak 3.3.1 Japji 3.3.2 Mul Mantra 3.3.3 Asa Di Var 3.3.4 Barah Maha 3.3.5 Siddh Gosht 3.4 Works of Guru Amar Das 3.4.1 Anand Sahib 3.5 Works of Guru Arjan Dev 3.5.1 Sukhmani 3.6 Works of Guru Tegh Bahadur 3.7 Works of Guru Gobind Singh 3.7.1 Dasam Granth 3.7.2 Japu Sahib 3.7.3 Chandi di Var 3.7.4 Bachitra Natak 3.7.5 Akal Ustat 3.7.6 Zafarnama & Fatehnama

105 108 110 129 131 136 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 143 144 145 147 148 148 149 150

4. Bhagats and Saints 4.1 Kabir 4.2 Namdev 4.3 Ravidas 4.4 Sheikh Farid

153 155 157 157 159

5. Sikh Philosophy

163

6. Sikh History 6.1 Banda Singh Bahadur 6.2 Sikh Misls 6.2.1 Ramgarhia Misl 6.3 Maharaja Ranjit Singh 6.3.1 Family

183 198 200 201 202 212

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.3.1.2 Maharaja Duleep Singh 6.3.2 Court 6.3.3 Military System 6.3.4 Hari Singh Nalwa 6.3.5 Battles 6.3.6 Foreign Relations 6.3.7 Kohinoor 6.3.8 Epilogue 6.4 Anglo-Sikh Relations 6.5 Anglo-Sikh War 6.6 Sikhs and Freedom Struggle 6.7 Singh Sabha Movement 6.8 Gurdwara Reform Movement 6.8.1 All India Sikh Gurdwara Act & Legislation 6.9 Akali Movement 6.10 Punjabi Suba Movement

vii

213 215 216 217 218 218 220 220 221 221 222 225 227 227 228 230

7. Sikh Politics 7.1 Akal Takht 7.2 Central Sikh League 7.3 Akali Dal 7.4 Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) 7.5 Chief Khalsa Diwan 7.6 Khalistan Movement

235 243 244 244 248 249 250

8. Sikh Leaders 8.1 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 8.2 Kapur Singh 8.3 Baba Kharak Singh 8.4 Master Tara Singh 8.5 Sant Fateh Singh 8.6 Sant Harchand Singh Longowal 8.7 Giani Zail Singh 8.8 Dr. Manmohan Singh

253 256 256 257 257 259 259 260 261

9. Sikh Art & Architecture

263

10. Sikh Coins (Numismatics)

273

11. Sikh Culture & Traditions 11.1 Baisakhi

277 281

12. Sikhs as Khalsa

285

13. Sikh Code of Conduct, Institutions & Ceremonies 13.1 Code of Conduct 13.1.1 Nitnem 13.1.2 Rehras

295 295 297 297

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

13.1.3 Ardas (Prayer) 13.1.4 Sangat (Congregation) 13.1.5 Nam Simran (Meditation) 13.1.6 Langar (Community Kitchen) 13.2 Sikh Institutions 13.2.1 Hukamnama 13.2.2 Gurmata 13.2.3 Sarbat Khalsa 13.3 Sikh Ceremonies 13.3.1 Birth & Death 13.3.2 Initiation 13.3.3 Naming Ceremony 13.3.4 Marriage Ceremony (Anand Karaj )

298 299 300 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307

14. Sikh Symbols & Identity 14.1 Sikh Identity 14.2 Sikh Hair (Kesh) 14.3 Sikh Turban 14.4 Kirpan (Sword)

311 313 317 319 319

15. Sikh Education & Research

321

16. Sikh Scholars & Personalities 16.1 Bhai Gurdas 16.2 Bhai Vir Singh 16.2.1 Poetical Works 16.2.2 Rana Surat Singh 16.2.3 Prose 16.2.4 As an Historian 16.2.5 Appraisal 16.2.6 Tributes 16.3 Dr. Balbir Singh 16.4 Puran Singh 16.5 Bhai Jodh Singh 16.6 Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid 16.7 Dr. Ganda Singh 16.8 Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia 16.9 Khushwant Singh

329 332 333 337 338 339 339 340 342 342 343 343 344 345 346 346

17. Sikh Castes & Casteism

349

18. Sikh Sects 18.1 Namdhari Sikhs (Kukas) 18.2 Nirankari Sikhs 18.3 Nirmalas 18.4 Udasis

355 355 359 361 361

19. Gurdwaras (Sikh Shrines)

363

TABLE OF CONTENTS

19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5

Harimandir Sahib (Golden Temple) Hemkunt Sis Ganj Rikab Ganj Gurdwaras Outside India

ix

368 371 372 372 373

20. Sikh Warriors & Martyrs 20.1 Baba Deep Singh 20.2 Akali Phoola Singh 20.3 Shaheed Bhagat Singh

375 378 378 378

21. Sikh Music (Gurbani Kirtan )

381

22. Sikhs in Military

385

23. Sikh Women

391

24. Sikh Youths & Apostasy

413

25. Sikhism & Other Religions 25.1 Sikhism & Buddhism 25.2 Sikhism & Christianity 25.3 Sikhism & Hinduism 25.4 Sikhism & Islam

417 423 424 426 429

26. Sikh Diaspora 26.1 Sikhs in Australia & New Zealand 26.2 Sikhs in Canada 26.2.1 Komagata Maru Incident 26.3 Sikhs in Malaysia & Singapore 26.4 Sikhs in Thailand 26.5 Sikhs in United Kingdom 26.6 Sikhs in United States 26.6.1 Ghadr Movement

433 442 445 461 463 466 466 476 486

27. Future of Sikhs & Sikhism

489

28. Miscellaneous Works 28.1 Caucasian (Gora) Sikhs 28.2 Sehajdhari Sikhs 28.3 Nanakshahi Calendar 28.4 Sikhs & Health 28.5 Sikhs in Sports 28.6 Sikh Personal Law 28.7 Sikhs & Human Rights 28.8 Sikhs & National Integration 28.9 Hindu–Sikh Relations

495 526 527 528 529 532 533 534 534 535

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28.10 Sikh Journalism 28.11 Operation Bluestar 28.12 Sikhs in Other States 28.13 Delhi Riots Against Sikhs 28.14 Rangnath Mishra Commission

536 537 539 542 543

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Preface Sikhism is one of the youngest religions of the world, and its followers, Sikhs, are renowned as ﬁerce and proud warriors. They believe in single, formless God, and are now settled in almost every country on this planet. Because of their dedication, hard-work and entrepreneurship, a number of Sikh leaders have occupied coveted positions like President, Prime Minister, Home Minister, Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Ministers, Governors, Mayors, High Commissioners, Members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies not only in India but also in other countries. Beside politics, Sikhs have also excelled in the ﬁeld of education and research, and have earned the distinction of becoming Vice-Chancellors, Directors, Professors, and Senior Research Scientists. Due to their growing popularity, people from around the world want to learn more about their culture, history, politics, religion, and traditions. In recent decades, several studies on Sikhs and Sikhism have attracted global attention. Many colleges and universities in India, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, United States and other countries have introduced teaching and research programs on Sikh culture, religion and Diaspora. Several conferences and seminars have been organized at international level on different aspects of Sikhism. This growing awareness has resulted literature avalanche in Sikh studies. A large number of contributions have been made in the form of various publications. And most recently with the advancement in information technologies, there is a trend to develop more and more electronic and web resources on Sikhs and their religion. For the bibliographical control of the voluminous literature on Sikhism, some efforts have been made in the past by scholars and librarians like Ganda Singh, Kirpal Singh, N. Gerald Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others. They have contributed useful bibliographies on Sikhs and Sikhism. Most of these works contained books published up to 1980s and did not have international coverage. The present work is a ﬁrst attempt of its kind to bring together at one place all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, and project reports produced globally till June 2004. This bibliography has long been in the making. Its compilation began when I was at the University of Delhi in 1988, and brought out my publication “Sikhs: Their literature on culture, history, philosophy, politics, religion and traditions”. After that I had the privilege of working as librarian in some of the largest university and public libraries in Canada and United States. I had access to huge collections of monographs, theses databases, journals, and electronic resources while working at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver), and University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), and also at the Vancouver Public Library and Fraser Valley Regional Library (Canada). Beside these, for the collection of current data and to make this work more comprehensive, I also visited Library of Congress (Washington DC), British Library (London), University of London, University of Toronto, University of Washington (Seattle), and all major universities and research institutions in India.

Arrangement Over 10,000 items of literature produced in English have been listed alphabetically by author names under twenty-eight chapters and sub-headings. As names of Sikh males end with ‘Singh’ and female end with ‘Kaur’, the rendering for such authors is under their ﬁrst names. Also

xii

PREFACE

some Sikh authors use last names (surnames) after Singh or Kaur, in such cases their works are arranged by the last names. Many authors have used romanised Punjabi words in their works, which have been italicized. Titles of books and journals are also given in italics. Efforts have been made to use English spellings. A list of journals on Sikhism, and resources used for compilation of this work has been provided in this publication. In the ﬁrst chapter on ‘Printed & Electronic Resources’, an annotated survey has been presented of all major reference documents published on Sikhism, and a select listing of electronic and web based resources has been added. For the convenience of its easy use and retrieving information promptly, author, and subject indexes have been appended to this work.

Acknowledgements For the successful completion of this project, I consulted a number of scholars and information specialists. I owe my gratitude to all of them for their advice and assistance. The author wishes to acknowledge the Research and Publication Committee of the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Library, which provided support for the completion of this research bibliography. Thanks are also due to the Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers) who accepted my proposal for the printed and online version of this work. Also, I recall with love and affection the support and inspiration of my wife, Amrit Kaur, and my children Jasmit Singh and Parmit Kaur for their computer expertise. It is hoped that this bibliographical guide will prove to be a useful informative resource for all those scholars who have keen interest in the serious study of Sikhs and Sikhism. As this work will also be available in an online web based format, bibliographical entries will be updated at a regular interval. In the compilation of this work I might have missed some publications, and there may be a few omissions and errors. Suggestions for the improvement of this bibliographical guide will be highly welcomed and appreciated. Dr. Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.

List of Sikh Periodicals r Akal Journal of Spiritualism. Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh: The Kalgidhar Society, 2001–, Quarterly.

r Abstracts of Sikh Studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Quarterly. r Amrit Kirtan (English & Punjabi). Chandigarh: Amrit Kirtan Trust, 1988–, Monthly. r Atam Science (English & Punjabi). Mohali: Atam Science Trust, 1961–, Quarterly. r Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Religious Studies (Preceding Title: Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Sikh Studies). Batala: Christian Institute for Religious Studies, 1972–, Semiannual.

r Canadian Sikhs. Richmond, BC: Amar, 1961–63, Monthly. r Gurdwara Gazette (English & Punjabi).Amritsar: SGPC, Monthly. r Guru Gobind Singh Journal of Religious Studies. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1994–, Quarterly.

r Guru Nanak Journal of Sociology. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Punjab Studies. New Delhi: Sage, 1994–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Sikh Affairs (Preceded by Sikhs, Past and Present). Edmonton, Canada: Sikh Educational Trust, 1998–, Semiannual.

r Journal of Regional History. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r Journal of Religious Studies. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972–, Semiannual. r Journal of Sikh Studies. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1974–, Semiannual. r The Khalsa Advocate. Amritsar, 1903–1920s, Weekly. r Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1981–, Quarterly.

r Khoj Darpan. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1979–1995. r Missionary: A Quarterly Journal on Sikh Religion, Culture and History. New Delhi: Sikh Missionary Society, 1959–63, Quarterly.

r Nanak Prakash. Nairobi, Kenya: The Sikh Students Federation, 1986–, Irregular. r The Nation. Ottawa: National Sikh Society of Ottawa, 1981–. r Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social & Educational Society, 1978–1983, Quarterly.

r Nishaan. New Delhi: Nagaara Trust, 2000–, Quarterly. r Panchbati Sandesh. Dehradun: Dr. Balbir Singh Sahitya Kendra, 1977–, Quarterly. r Panjab Past and Present. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966–, Semiannual. r Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1969–, Semiannual.

xiv

LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS

r Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2003–, Annual. r Proceedings of the Punjab History Conference. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1965–, Annual. r Punjab Journal of Education. Chandigarh: Department of Education, 1971–, Quarterly. r Punjab Journal of Politics. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1977–, Semiannual. r Sat Sandesh. Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications, 1960s–, Monthly. r The Sikh Bulletin. Roseville, CA: Khalsa Tercentennial Foundation of North America, 1999–, Monthly.

r Sikh Bulletin. Chichester, West Sussex: West Sussex Institute of Higher Education, 1984–1996, Annual.

r The Sikh Courier International. London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1960–, Quarterly.

r Sikh Destiny. Columbia, MD.: Ajaib Singh Sidhu, 1984–, Monthly. r Sikh Dharma Brotherhood. Washington: Sikh Dharma Brotherhood, (1900s)–, Quarterly. r Sikh Digest. New Delhi: Sikh Digest Ofﬁce, 1971–. r Sikh Generations. Corona, New York: Sikh Generations, 1989–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Herald. Toronto: Canadian Sikh Visionary Society, 1986–, Monthly. r Sikhkha Intaranaishanala=Sikh International. Leominster, Mass.: Harbans Singh Sandhu, 1993–, Monthly.

r Sikh Marg. Vancouver: Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society, 1988–, Biannual. r Sikh Messenger. London: Sikh Messenger Publications, 1984–, Quarterly. r The Sikh News & Views (Preceded by SSES Newsletter). Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1984–, Quarterly.

r Sikh Phulwari. Ludhiana: Sikh Missionary College, 1977–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Reformer. Coventry: Sikh Cultural Society, 1991–. r Sikh Religious Studies Information. Stony Brook, N.Y.: Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. 1979–1984, Bimonthly. (Merged with Asian Religious Studies Information).

r The Sikh Review. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1953–, Monthly. r Sikh Sandesh. Cardiff: India Society of Wales, 1970–1972. r The Sikh Sansar. Redwood City, Calif.: Sikh Foundation, 1972–1977, Quarterly. r Sikh Spectrum. Edmonton: Sikh Heritage Association of Alberta, 1990–, Irregular. r Sikh Spirit (Continues Newsletter Central Gurdwara Resource Center). London, 1997–, Monthly.

r Sikh Studies. Brampton, Ontario: Centre for Sikh Studies, 1999–, Semiannual. r Sikh Studies Quarterly. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000–2001 (Continued as Abstracts of Sikh Studies).

r The Sikh Times. Vancouver: Sikh Times Society, 1982, Monthly (ceased). r The Sikh Times International. Vancouver, 1987–88 (Ceased).

LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS

xv

r Sikh Versa=Sikh Heritage. Calgary: Harcharan Singh, 1996–, Monthly. r The Sikh Views. Surrey, BC, 2000–, Irregular. r The Sikhs, Past & Present. Oslo, Norway: Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Semiannual (1993-published by the Sikh Educational Trust, Edmonton, Canada).

r SSES Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1978, Quarterly (Continued as Sikh News & Views).

r Southeast Sikh Samachar. Stone Mountain, GA.: Sikh Study Circle, 1991–, Monthly. r Spokesman Weekly. Chandigarh, 1951–, Monthly. r Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1982–, Semiannual.

r The Sword. Ottawa: World Sikh Organization of Canada, 1985–, Quarterly. r The Truth. Laval, Quebec: D.S. Chahal, 1985–1987 (ceased with vol. 3). r Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal. Laval, Quebec: Institute for Understanding Sikhism, 1999–, Semiannual.

r World Sikh News. Stockton, CA: 1985–, Weekly.

Sources Used for the Compilation r Academic Search Elite (EBSCO)—Online r Arts and Humanities Index r ATLA/ATLAS Religion Database—Online r Bibliography of Asian Studies r Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations accepted at the Indian Universities r Books in Print r British Books in Print r British Library—Online Catalogue r Canadian Books in Print r Canadian Periodicals Index r COPAC (United Kingdom) r DELNET (New Delhi) r Dissertations Abstracts International r Documentation on Punjab Studies (New Delhi, Monthly) r Encyclopaedia of Sikhism (Punjabi University) r Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics r Guide to Indian Periodicals Literature r Historical Abstracts—Online r Humanities Abstracts—Online r Index India (Rajasthan University) r Index Islamicus r Index to Indian Periodicals Literature r Indian Books in Print r Indian Encyclopaedia r Indian National Bibliography (National Library, Calcutta) r Indian Press Index r Indian Social Science Index (ISID, Online) r INFLIBNET Databases of Theses, Serials and Books r Library of Congress Catalogue—Online r McMillan Encyclopedia of Religion r National Library of Canada—Online Catalogue r Online Catalogues of several institutions around the world

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r Periodicals Abstracts r Periodicals Contents Index r Social Sciences Citation Index r Sociological Abstracts r South Asia Bibliographer (Accession List of India) r Vidyanidhi—Indian Theses Database r World Catalogue (OCLC Online)

1. Printed and Electronic Reference Resources There are over twenty-two millions Sikhs settled in almost every country in the modern world. During the last two decades, Sikhs and their homeland, Punjab has received increasing public and scholarly attention. A number of reference and information resources have been produced on Sikh and Sikhism in various formats all over the globe. Besides English, many resources on the study of Sikhs and their religion are available in Punjabi and other languages. The literature required for their research study is not easily accessible. Because of lack of awareness of information sources already available, students and scholars have to spend their time in locating what has already been published in their research areas. In recent years, to assist scholars in locating desired information relating to their ﬁelds of interest, several information professionals, librarians and scholars have made contributions in collecting, analyzing, processing and disseminating information to users in a very systematic and comprehensive way. A number of printed, electronic and online reference sources have been developed by various institutions, publishers and information specialists. Such documents include Encyclopedias, indexing and abstracting journals, subject dictionaries, bibliographies, and biographical and geographical directories. In this chapter an attempt has been made to list all such major resources with brief description:

1.1. Printed Resources 1.1.1. Encyclopaedias

r Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. This Encyclopaedia, in six volumes, presents the lives and philosophy of the Sikh Gurus in a very comprehensive way.

r Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. This is a comprehensive ten volume set that contains information on Gurus, Sikh history, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, eminent Punjabis, Akali movements, Anglo-Sikh relations, Punjab society, culture, revolutionaries, political and religious movements.

r Bhatia, Harbans Singh and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. The Encyclopaedic history of the Sikhs and Sikhism. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. This is in six volumes that contain information on almost all aspects of Sikh history and religion. The ﬁrst volume is on Sikh Gurus and Sikhism, while the remaining volumes are on hymns, religious traditions of the Sikhs, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, national movement and the Sikhs, and political ideology of the Sikhs.

r Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. The Sikh reference book. Edmonton: Sikh Educational Trust, 1997. 719p. This volume provides information about the Sikh religion under eight chapters namely— Sikh culture, the literature about Sikhism, the Sikh polity, the Sikh theology, the Sikh homeland, the dictionary of Sikh biography, and chronology of the Sikh history. It is a good source for geographical, biographical and chronological information on the youngest religion. For the convenience of users around 4,000 entries are arranged alphabetically in the above eight chapters. Out of these there are 2,500 biographical entries on popular Sikhs.

r Dogra, Ramesh C. and Urmila Dogra. The Sikh world: An Encyclopaedic survey of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2003. 582p. This title covers varied ﬁelds of

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

the Sikh religion, and includes a reference to Sikh religion and culture because the adherents of Sikhism regard all the ten Gurus as founders of their faith. This edition has many new articles on culture, music, people connected with Sikhism, tribes, castes and folklore, and chronology of Sikhism from Guru Nanak to modern times. It goes further than that—all the ﬂowers, animals, birds, rivers and places mentioned in the Holy Granth ﬁnd a reference in the volume.

r Dogra, Ramesh C. and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. Encyclopaedia of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1995. 511p. This single volume source provides information on all major and minor aspects of religion, culture, history, tribes, castes, folklore, customs, fairs and festivals of the Sikhs. Its revised edition under different title, mentioned above, was released in 2003.

r Gupta, V.P. and Mohini Gupta. An Encyclopaedia of Punjabi culture and history. Delhi: Ambe Books, 1999. 387p. It is a modest attempt to present various facets of Punjab and Sikh culture, history, and religion. For the convenience of its use, the work has been divided into ﬁve sections that include historical survey, entries from A to Z, important dates and events, a bibliography, and seven indexes. Brief biographies of some prominent Sikh scholars with their publications are also enlisted in this Encyclopaedia.

r Gurcharan Singh. Sri Guru Grantha kosha. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2002. Vol. 1 (from A to Na), and Vol. 2 (Ta to Ra). It is an Encyclopaedia of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji with meanings, page numbers and name of Ragas, and is a good reference work in Punjabi. It has been found very useful by scholars and other people in ﬁnding out the meaning of some difﬁcult words of the religious scriptures of the Sikhs. Arranged in alphabetical order, thousands of important words have been listed in this voluminous work.

r Harbans Singh. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University. 1992–1998.The most comprehensive four-volume set has been compiled under the guidance of (Late) Professor Harbans Singh at Guru Gobind Singh Department of Religious Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala. This monumental work is the result of several years of laborious task of a dedicated team of scholars drawn from various parts of the world. The Encyclopaedia is the most authoritative reference work that addresses the broad interest in Sikhs and Sikhism. It describes the Sikh faith and community in their myriad forms today and through out the 540 years of Sikh history. This useful work includes around 4,000 entries dealing with almost every aspect of the life of the Sikh community, its history, philosophy, culture, traditions, politics, art, and religion. For many years this will serve as a major source of Sikh information for students, scholars, librarians and others who want to learn about Sikhism. Scholars at the Punjabi University are working for its second revised edition, while work on Punjabi version of this Encyclopaedia has already started.

r Jaggi, Rattan Singh. Guru Grantha wishawakosha. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001–2002. This is a comprehensive Encyclopaedia of the Adi Granth in Punjabi published in two volumes.

r Kahn Singh Nabha (Bhai). Gurshabad Ratnakar ‘Mahan Kosh’. . . Patiala: Language Department, Punjab, 1960. 835 + 99p. The pioneer endeavor was made in 1930 by Bhai Kahn Singh who brought out the ﬁrst Encyclopedia of Sikh Literature in the form of Gurshabad Ratnakar ‘Mahan Kosh’ in Punjabi language. Its fourth reprint was brought out in 1981 by the Language Department of Punjab. It is the most comprehensive dictionary-cum-Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, containing about 65,000 words occurring in original Sikh scriptures. To facilitate information, all the entries have been arranged in alphabetical order. This volume is written on most approved lines, containing illustrations and quotations drawn from all the needful sources of religion, history, geography, science, and language. All reference to the Vedas and Shastras, the Bible, the Quran and other religious works have been fully traced in this work.

PRINTED AND ELECTRONIC REFERENCE RESOURCES

3

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. A conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth Sahib. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers,1992. 354p. This volume enlists over 1500 entries arranged alphabetically. Appropriate quotations from Guru Granth Sahib have been given in support of the interpretation of each entry. After each quotation, where as the page number of Guru Granth is given, the name of Raga from which it has been taken and also the number in the serial order of the Guru or the saint-poet has been mentioned.

r Manmohan Kaur. Punjab (The volume 18 of the Encyclopaedia of India). New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 207p. This volume has detailed information about Punjab and Sikhs, and contains colored plates of many Gurus and Gurdwaras, and has several chapters on Sikhism.

r Ralhan, O.P. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: Religion and culture. New Delhi: Anmol, 1997. Published in two volumes, this set primarily contains information about the great religion that emerged as an independent, conspicuous and sovereign dispensation. The volumes compile comprehensive references from A to Z about the Sikh religion viz. Sikh scriptures, philosophy and doctrine, mythology, theology, Guru Granth Sahib, hymns, Gurdwaras associated with the lives of Great Gurus, and the incidents associated with them, references to socio-religious movements, Sikh culture, Sikh people and their customs, fairs, and social status of women. Each word that has relevant value and meaning to Sikhs has been selected and included.

r Sahi, Joginder Singh. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999. Vol. 1. The ﬁrst volume of this Encyclopaedia includes information relating to Sikh Gurus, Rahit Maryada, Sikh heritage, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and Gurdwaras in India and other countries. It is also a good source for information about Sikh Diaspora.

r Singh, R.N. Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. It is a comprehensive and informative source compiled in ﬁve volumes. The ﬁrst volume deals with the historical development of Sikh heritage; conception and transformation of Sikh politics is described in second volume; third volume deals with social philosophy and social transformation, while critical analysis of Sikh philosophy is discussed in fourth volume; and Sikh religious vision is dealt in the last volume.

r Singha, H.S. Junior Encyclopedia of Sikhism. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1985. 181p. A brief account of Sikh Gurus, their teachings, Gurdwaras, scriptures, traditions and other aspects has been listed alphabetically in this handy reference source. This volume has been planned for easy use by young students and other readers who want to have a brief account of various concepts of Sikhism. The second revised edition with the changed title ‘Concise Encyclopedia of Sikhism’ was released in 1986.

r Wanjara Bedi, Sohinder Singh. Punjabi Lokdhara Vishava Kosh (in Punjabi). New Delhi: Lok Prakashan, 1978–. It is a ‘Punjabi Folklore Encyclopedia’ that has so far been brought out in eight volumes. This voluminous work incorporates entries relating to Punjabi culture, Sikh religion, traditions, arts, dances, and literature. Each entry is serially numbered and arranged in alphabetical order. 1.1.2. Indexing & Abstracting Sources The literature explosion has necessitated regular publication of indexing and abstracting journals in the area of Sikh studies. Adi Granth Anukramanika (Index to the Adi Granth) in two volumes was prepared by Gurcharan Singh and was published from Patiala in 1971. Earlier to this Piara Padam Singh also made an effort to compile a thematic index to the Adi Granth, entitled ‘Guru

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Granth Vichar-Kosh’ (Patiala 1969). Kaur Singh also compiled an index of Guru Granth Sahib (Sri Guru Sabad Ratan Parkas) in 1923. The present study on International Bibliography on Sikh Studies may serve as a useful indexing source, and this will also be available as Online searchable database. This will be updated regularly so that new references are added. Beside these, there are numerous other indexing and abstracting journals that contain quite a good number of references to Sikhs and their religion. These are Humanities Index, Social Science Citation Index, ATLA/ATLAS Religion Database, Bibliography of Asian Studies, Guide to Indian Periodicals Literature, Indian Press Index, Dissertation Abstracts International, Indian Books in Print, and others. 1.1.3. Biographical Sources

r Ahluwalia, M. and Kirpal Singh. The Punjab pioneers and freedom ﬁghters. Bombay: Longmans, 1963. It contains names and brief outlines of the lives of several Sikhs who actively participated in the Ghadr party and other movements for independence.

r Association for Punjab Studies in United Kingdom brought out a useful publication ‘Directory of Punjab scholars in Britain’ in 1996. It gives a brief biographical account and works of mostly Sikh scholars living in Britain.

r Bakshi, S.R., Ed. Eminent Punjabis. Vol. 3 of the Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima, 1994. 205p. This volume contains biographical sketches of several Sikh personalities like Partap Singh Kairon, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Baba Gurdit Singh, Gurmukh Singh Musaﬁr, Harikishan Singh Surjeet, Baba Kharak Singh, Master Tara Singh, Ujjal Singh, Mohan Singh Oberoi, Giani Zail Singh, Gurmukh Nihal Singh and others.

r Barque, A.M. and T.S. Khosla. Eminent Sikhs of today. Lahore: Barque & Co.,1942. 171p. It is good source for biographical information for some Sikh personalities.

r Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1982. 95p. It contains biographies of ten most popular Sikhs viz. Sir Sundar Singh Majithia, Bhai Vir Singh, Baba Kharak Singh, Master Tara Singh, Justice Teja Singh, Malik Hardit Singh, Hukam Singh, Ujjal Singh, Gurmukh Nihal Singh, and Sant Fateh Singh.

r Fauja Singh, et al. Who’s who of Punjabi freedom ﬁghters. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 624p. It is a very useful and comprehensive document on Punjab freedom ﬁghters mostly Sikhs. Brought out in two volumes, it also lists brief biographies of some Sikhs that took part in Ghadr and Komagata Maru in North America.

r International Punjabi Society brought out a Who’s who of eminent Punjabis in India and abroad (1976). This is a biographical directory of Punjabis and Sikhs, and provides information about their date of birth, occupation and address along with their photographs. Also, India Who’s who (Annual) enlists prominent Sikhs and Punjabis.

r Parm Bakhshish Singh and R.K. Ghai, Eds. Martyrs of the Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. The ﬁrst volume of this publication is a good source for biographies of some of the prominent Sikh martyrs.

r Saggar, Balraj. Who’s who in the history of Punjab, 1800–1849. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993. 435p. This volume is an excellent source for ﬁnding biographical information of around 614 prominent people who made tremendous contributions on Sikhism and Punjab.

r Who’s who of Sikhs. New Delhi: The Institute of Sikh Studies, 1981. 600p. It was a ﬁrst major attempt to compile a biographical directory of some famous Sikhs.

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1.1.4. Geographical Sources

r Patwant Singh. Gurdwaras in India and around the world. New Delhi: Himalayan Books, 1992. 213p. This is an excellent geographical source on Sikh shrines all over the world. A beautiful and large sized color photographs by the famous photographer, Gurmeet Thukral, has made this book more attractive.

r Rajwinder Singh. Directory of religious places in Amritsar. M.Lib.Sc. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1993. It’s a useful geographical source with listing of Sikhs shrines in the Amritsar area.

r Shergill, N.S. International Directory of Gurdwaras and Sikh Organizations. London: The author,1986. 246p. N.S. Shergill, a London based journalist, has done commendable work by bringing out this publication that covers more than 3,000 Gurdwaras and Sikh institutions established all over the world. Addresses and telephone numbers of Sikh Organizations have been given along with photographs of selected Gurdwaras. 1.1.5. Bibliographical Sources In recent years a lot of literature has appeared on Sikhs and Punjab. There are quite a large number of books, reports, conference proceedings, dissertations/theses, and articles written on various aspects of Sikhism and Punjab affairs. Several efforts have been made from time to time by some distinguished scholars and librarians to compile bibliographies on this subject. Ganda Singh, Kirpal Singh, N.G. Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others have contributed bibliographical works on Sikhs and Sikhism. These works have helped the scholars a lot for making their choices narrower and have saved their time. Some of the selected annotated entries are given below:

r Aggarwal, Subhash C. and Ramesh R. Aggarwal. Punjab: A select bibliography. Chandigarh: Arun Publications, 1980. The ﬁrst volume of this bibliographical work includes books, monographs reports, articles, and proceedings arranged alphabetically under different subject headings. Its second volume was brought out in 1985.

r Ahluwalia, M.L. Select document—Gurdwara reform movement, 1919–25: An era of Congress–Akali collaboration. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1985. 492p. This publication comprises a number of relevant sources on the subject that enlist ofﬁcial records, reports, correspondence, and speeches of prominent leaders. The compilation also includes documents on the Gurdwara reform bill of 1922, and Sikh Gurdwara act of 1925.

r Ahluwalia, M.L. Select documents relating to Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s negotiations with British envoy Charles T. Metcalf. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1982. 549p. It is an excellent contribution that contains valuable material for research and writing on an important aspect of the recent history of Punjab. There are around 255 documents listed in it relating to Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

r Banerjee, Himadri has done several studies on the compilation of sources relating to Sikhs in Bengali writings. ‘Sikh history and Sikhism in Bengali writing: A select bibliography’ was published in the Journals of Sikh Studies (Feb 1986), while ‘Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali writings’ was printed in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1987). And

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his ‘Sikh history in Bengali literature’ appeared in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1984). All these studies enlist Bengali works on Sikh Gurus and the history.

r Barnett, L.D. Punjabi printed books in the British Museum. London, 1961. It is a useful bibliography of documents on Punjab and Sikhs available in the British Museum, London.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. Punjab history in printed documents: A bibliographic guide to parliamentary papers and select non-serial publications, 1843–1947. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969. 108p. It is an excellent survey of government sources available on Punjab history. Some of the listed papers relate to Sikhs and Sikh wars.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. The Punjab in nineteenth century tracts: An introduction to the pam-

phlet collections in the British Museum and India Ofﬁce. East Lansing, Michigan: Research Committee on the Punjab and Michigan State University, 1969. This is a useful survey of important vernacular and English languages tracts on the history of Punjab available in the British Museum.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. The Sikhs and their literature: A guide to tracts, books and periodicals, 1849–1919. Delhi: Manohar, 1970. 153p. It surveys vernacular and English language literature on the Sikhs, published during 1849–1919. The work has been designed to facilitate research on a neglected phase of Sikh history, and includes 1240 annotated entries of documents along with the source of location. It is a valuable document for information and research.

r Barrier, N. Gerald and Paul Wallace. Punjab press, 1880–1905. East Lansing, Michigan: Research Committee on the Punjab, 1970. 201p. This source mostly includes data from the newspapers. There are some references that concern the Sikhs directly.

r Bhatia, H.S. Rare documents on Sikhs and their rule in Punjab. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1981. 272p. It is a useful source for rare material published on Sikh history.

r Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal. Select bibliography of periodical literature on India and Pakistan 1947–70. Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1976. This set is in three volumes published in different years, and is a useful bibliographical publication which lists references to articles published on India and Pakistan in foreign journals. The ﬁrst volume is devoted solely to Pakistan while second volume deals with the literature published on India. This volume contains references selected from 575 journals on varied subjects, namely, Arts, Defense, Economics, Education Foreign Affairs, Language and Literature, Politics and Government, Religion and Social life etc. A good number of references on Sikhism, Punjabi language and literature, and Punjab affairs have been included.

r Chilana, Rajwant Singh. International bibliography of Sikh Studies. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005. It is the most up-to-date, and comprehensive survey of literature published up to June 2004 in English through out the globe. This monumental work includes books, research papers, conference proceedings, magazine articles, composite works, theses and dissertations on all aspects of Sikhs and Sikhism. Entries are arranged alphabetically under twenty-eight chapters and their sub-headings. Author, title, and subject indexes have been appended. The work is also planned to be online searchable database that may be accessible by scholars from their computers.

r Deora, Man Singh. In recent years Man Singh Deora has made signiﬁcant contribution in this area through his bibliographical studies. ‘Guru Nanak: A select bibliography’ appeared in Journal of Sikh Studies (Feb–Aug 1981); ‘Guru Tegh Bahadur—A select bibliography 1965– 1982’ was published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (April 1983); and ‘Punjab

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imbroglio—Bibliography of select articles’ appeared in Punjab Journal of Politics (Jan–June 1984).

r Deora, Man Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A literary survey. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1989. 158p. It is detailed bibliography of 1455 references on life and times of the tenth Sikh Guru.

r Dharam Singh. A bibliography of doctoral theses in Punjabi. Ludhiana: Punjabi Writers Cooperative Society, 1985. 104p. This document contains a list of theses accepted for Ph.D. degree in various Indian universities. A number of theses on several aspects of Sikhism have been included in this publication.

r Ganda Singh. ‘A bibliography on Sikh religion and historical literature’ was a maiden attempt in this area that took the shape of a list of 207 books in English and was published in Phulwari Magazine, 6(2–3), Dec 1929–Jan 1930, 373–82.

r Ganda Singh. Bibliography of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union. Patiala: Archives Department, PEPSU, 1954. This document covered Punjab and Sikhs only partially.

r Ganda Singh. A select bibliography of the Sikhs and Sikhism. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1965. 436p. The sole purpose of this compilation was to put together all necessary information about the material on the history of Sikhs and Sikhism available in different languages. Books and manuscripts included in this volume have been arranged by authors under different languages. Information about manuscripts is little elaborated as names of libraries and institutions, where these are preserved, have also been given.

r Ganda Singh. The Sahitya Academy of India brought out a National bibliography of Indian literature in 1970. Its third volume compiled by Dr. Ganda Singh contains a comprehensive list of references on Punjabi literature, Sikh religion, and history.

r Ganda Singh. Some conﬁdential papers of the Akali movement. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Sikh Itihas Research Board,1965. 320p. This publication contains 192 documents on the political agitators. The majority of papers are in English and Punjabi.

r Ganda Singh. Bibliography of Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966. 245p. It is major contribution in this ﬁeld that came from Ganda Singh. Its scope was limited only to medieval and modern periods of Punjab, with particular reference to the Sikhs. This volume contains list of books only and does not mention the material lying buried in important research periodicals. Also, the entries are not arranged subject-wise, an approach which is useful for retrieving information rapidly and pointedly. A supplement of this bibliography appeared in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1969. Beside this, Dr. Ganda Singh also compiled ‘Bibliography of Sikhs in Canada and California’ that was published in the Punjab Past and Present (October 1970); and ‘Guru Nanak—A bibliography’ appeared in 1969 issue of Punjab Past and Present. Ganda Singh’s ‘Some important sources of information on Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s period’ appeared in the Panjab Past and Present (Oct 1981), that contains important contemporary English and Persian sources on Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

r Gaur, Ganesh. Catalogue of Punjabi printed books added to India Ofﬁce Library, 1902– 1964. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Ofﬁce, 1975. 404p. This bibliographical work is alphabetically arranged by authors, and covers the documents published between 1902 and 1964 during which about 6000 Punjabi books were acquired by the India ofﬁce Library.

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r Gilbert, Victor F. and Darshan Singh Tatla. Immigrants, minorities and race relations: A bibliography of theses and dissertations presented at British and Irish universities, 1900–1981. London: Mansell, 1984. 153p. This work includes several entries on Sikhs in Great Britain and Canada.

r Gulati, S.P. and Rajinder Singh. Bibliography Sikh Studies. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1989. 220p. The work has been divided into two volumes bound together. Volume-1 contains books published between 1948–1988, and the second part includes publications from 1849 to 1947. Main subjects coverage in this reference source are—Sikh scriptures, biographies and teachings of Sikh Gurus, doctrine and philosophy, politics history and institutions.

r Guru Nanak Dev University Library. A classiﬁed catalogue of rare books in Punjabi (Mimeographed) was brought in 1976 by the Library staff. In addition, the library staff also compiled ‘Classiﬁed catalogue of rare books’ available in the Library in English, Hindi and Sanskrit. A list of subject-headings has been given in each part. After the classiﬁed part, an author index and title index have been provided in each volume.

r Gustafson, W. Eric and Kenneth W. Jones. Sources on Punjab history: A study sponsored by the Research Committee on the Punjab. Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1975. 454p. This is a useful publication for scholars and librarians involved in a broad spectrum of disciplines, and has listing of some papers on Sikhs.

r Hakam Singh. Sikh Studies: A classiﬁed bibliography of printed books in English. Patiala: Punjab Publishing House, 1982. 241p. This work clubs together more than 1700 references under different subject headings. Entries are arranged alphabetically by the names of authors. Scholars of Sikhism will ﬁnd it useful as it hold quite a good source of material in its covers. Author and title indexes have been appended in this bibliography.

r Jasmer Singh, et al. Bibliography Sikh Studies. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1993. 119p. (Vol. 2). Entries in this bibliography are arranged alphabetically under ten chapters on various aspects of Sikhism. Only printed books have been chosen to be part of this effort. Title and author indexes have been provided to facilitate easy search.

r Kirpal Singh. A catalogue of Punjabi and Urdu manuscripts in the Sikh history research department until March 1963. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 1963.

r Kirpal Singh—has done a commendable job by producing a comprehensive work ‘Bibliography on Guru Nanak Dev’ (Mimeographed). This work, which is in ﬁve volumes, was completed in 1981as a partial fulﬁllment of Ph.D. at the University of Punjab, Chandigarh.

r Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak’s Japuji: A descriptive bibliography. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1990. 384p. This comprehensive source contains 767 entries pertaining to the Japu ji Sahib, and include books, articles, conference proceedings, as well as contributions from the composite work published up to 1979. The work has been organised in two parts. The main part arranges all available literature in a classiﬁed order divided into several headings and sub-headings. The second part discusses bibliometric study of literature on Japuji. Author-title, title-author, language and subject indexes have been appended to this volume.

r Kohli, Sita Ram. Catalogue of Khalsa Darbar records. Lahore: Government Printing Press, 1919. 2 Vols. This two volume set contains important sources on Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his rule.

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r Malik, Ikram Ali. Bibliography of the Punjab and its dependencies 1849–1910. Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1968. 309p. This compilation is a listing of several entries of books, reports, manuscripts, articles, and theses on Sikhs and Punjab.

r McLeod., W.H. McLeod has provided a selective bibliography of monographs in his book Historical dictionary of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 221–349. Entries have been arranged alphabetically by author’s names under several headings and subheadings.

r Mittal, S.C. A selected annotated bibliography on freedom movement in India: Punjab and Haryana, 1858–1947. New Delhi: Prakashan, 1992. 254p. It lists important resources on the role of Sikhs and others in the Indian freedom movement.

r Oberoi, Harjot Singh. ‘Historiographical and bibliographical reconstruction of the Singh Sabha in nineteenth century Punjab’ was published in Journal of Sikh Studies (Aug 1983), and contains a good account of literature survey in English and Punjabi on the Singh Sabha movement. This includes memoirs, private papers, government reports, periodicals, pamphlets and newspapers.

r O’Connell, Joseph T. The author conducted a comprehensive bibliographical survey of works concerning Sikhs in Canada. ‘Sikh studies and studies of Sikhs in Canada’ was published in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1986), and includes research articles, books, theses and other writings.

r Punjabi Pustak Kosh—is a subject wise bibliography of Punjabi books. It was published in 1971 by the Language Department of Punjab, Patiala. The ‘Kosh’ has been divided into sixty parts having further sub divisions, and gives information about various publications in Punjabi language. Entries are arranged in alphabetical order under different subject-headings and provides the author’s name, title, pagination, full address of the publisher, cost, year of publication, and edition statement.

r Rai, Priya Muhar. Sikhism and the Sikhs: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989. 257p. This work contains 1,150 entries organized in seven chapters, and includes books, and select articles published in English since 1965. All entries are annotated and numbered consecutively throughout the book. Author, title and subject indexes have been appended.

r Rajwant Singh. At Guru Nanak Foundation, New Delhi, Rajwant Singh introduced the publication of a monthly ‘Documentation on Sikh Studies and Punjab Affairs’, and was continued from 1986 to 1987. This work contains books, theses, periodicals and newspapers articles. It is an applicable venture in areas where none existed before and is considered as an important index to current literature published in India and abroad. This has been since revived by Navneet Kaur at the National Institute of Punjab Studies (Bhai Vir Singh Sadan), New Delhi (2003–).

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Maharaja Ranjit Singh—A select bibliography’ was published in the October 1986 issue of Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion. This work includes about 300 references on the life, family, military and battles of the great Maharaja.

r Rajwant Singh. The Sikhs: Their literature on culture, history, philosophy, politics, religion and traditions. Delhi: Indian Bibliographies Bureau, 1989. 250p. It is the ﬁrst bibliographical effort to put together all books, research articles, theses and other sources on Sikh studies under sixteen chapters. Each chapter is further divided in to sub-headings, and entries are arranged

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

alphabetically by authors and provide bibliographical details. This work is a comprehensive bibliography that ﬁlls a major gap in Sikh literature.

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Sikhs abroad—A bibliographical study’ appeared in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Vol. 9, 1990), and lists sources on Sikhs settled in various countries.

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Information sources in Sikh studies’ was published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1987). This work includes annotated listing of Sikh Encyclopedias, indexing and abstracting sources, bibliographies, dictionaries and directories.

r Rajwant Singh and Navneet Kaur. ‘Bhai Vir Singh—A select bibliography’, published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (April 1987) contains a list of useful references on the famous Punjabi scholar. It includes books, articles and theses under several headings like biography, poetical works, Sikh religion, appraisal and tributes.

r Rajwant Singh and Navneet Kaur. ‘Philosophy of Sikhism—A select bibliography’ appeared in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(1–2), Apr–Oct 1988, 214–26. It is a selective list of works arranged alphabetically by prominent authors on the philosophy of Sikhism.

r Ramdev, Jaginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A descriptive bibliography. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 260p. The book is divided into 37 different headings and there are about 1367 references listed under these headings in different languages. The attempt has been commendable and the value of the book has been enhanced by a learned foreword by Dr. M.S. Randhawa. This work will remain a useful source of information so far as life and teachings of the great Guru are concerned.

r Ranbir Singh. ‘Sikh Religion—A descriptive bibliography’ was compiled in the form of a dissertation, and was submitted to Punjab University, Chandigarh in 1967 (Unpublished).

r Sarkar, Jadunath. The ﬁrst ever bibliography on Sikhism was contributed by Jadunath Sarkar in 1907, that appeared in the Modern Review Journal under the title ‘Bibliography of Sikh history’.

r Shackle, Christopher. Catalogue of the Punjab and Sindhi manuscripts in the India Ofﬁce Library. London: India Ofﬁce Library and Records, 1977. 79p. This catalogue contains a concise description of 87 manuscripts which have been classiﬁed as Sikh (37), Muslim Panjab (34) and Sindhi manuscripts (16).

r Shamsher Singh Ashok. Sada Hath-Likhit Punjabi Sahit (Punjabi). Amritsar: Sikh History Research Board, 1968. It is useful annotated bibliography of about 800 unpublished manuscripts of Punjabi literature, lying in the Sikh Reference Library, Sri Guru Ramdas Library and Central Sikh Museum, Amritsar. This descriptive catalogue of manuscripts is a useful tool for the researchers and historians.

r Sharma, Jagdish Saran. Indian Minorities—A bibliographical study; and Sources of Indian civilization—A bibliography of works by world orientalists other than Indian (1974) contain a good number of references on Sikh religion, history, and literature.

r Takkar, Amrit Lal. Descriptive catalogue of Punjabi manuscripts in the Vrindaban Research Institute. Vrindaban: Research Institute, 1996. 97p.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh conducted two surveys of theses and dissertations relating to Sikhs settled abroad, and on Punjab affairs, and brought out two important bibliographies. His ‘Sikhs Abroad: A research bibliography’ was published in the Journal of Sikh Studies (Feb 1983). This work includes theses and dissertations submitted in the Universities of Britain and

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United States on Sikhs settled abroad. His earlier contribution ‘Theses in the Punjab in United Kingdom: A bibliography’ was published in Punjab Past and Present (April 1982). Its Punjabi translation appeared in Khoj Darpan (Jan 1982). This work includes list of theses arranged alphabetically under history, religion, literature, education, and emigrants.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh. Sikhs in North America: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. 180p. This bibliography is organized alphabetically by author within general subject areas like migration and settlement, education and employment, family and social change, literature and media, politics and religion. A particular strength of this bibliography is its attention to literature produced by Punjabi writers and ethnic press. A select list of Punjabi writers and their writings, and a list of over 100 periodicals published in North America have been appended to this work.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh. Theses on Punjab (1990–1995). Coventry: Association for Punjab

Studies (UK), 1996. This work has been published in two volumes. Its ﬁrst volume—A bibliography of dissertations presented to universities of Europe, Russia and the Far East, while the second volume contains dissertations presented to the universities of North America. A number of works on Sikh history, politics, religion, and Punjabi Diaspora have been listed in classiﬁed order. It is a good source to ﬁnd research activities on Sikhs in various universities around the world.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh and Eleanor M. Nesbitt. Sikhs in Britain: An annotated bibliography. Coventry: University of Warwick, 1994. 103p. This work enlists sources on migration and settlement, education, employment, family and social life, language and literature, religion, and politics. The second edition of this bibliography was released in 1994, and provides useful information to both serious and occasional scholars of Sikhism present in Britain. Author and place indexes are appended in this volume.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh and Ian Talbot. Punjab: A bibliography. Karachi: Books and Books, 1996. 321p.

r Tiwari, V.N., Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Sandarbh Kosh. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1974. 220p. It is a comprehensive bibliography on the works and biography of Bhai Vir Singh. It is an exhaustive list of books containing about 700 entries divided into four sections—Punjabi, English, Hindi and Urdu. Four subject headings—Poetry, Prose, literary criticism and biography—have been identiﬁed and books are listed under these headings in chronological order. This is a useful reference tool to the readers who want to pursue work on great Sikh scholar—Bhai Vir Singh.

r Verma, Devinder Kumar and Jasmer Singh. A bibliography of Dr. Ganda Singh. Rajpura (Patiala): Aman Publishing House, 1989. 94p. This work is a useful attempt to make available to the scholars of the Punjab and Sikh history an annotated bibliography of the historical writings of Dr. Ganda Singh. Efforts have been made to enlist all forms of documents produced by him such as books, articles, presidential addresses, and conference proceedings. 1.1.6. Dictionaries & Glossaries Several types of subjects and language dictionaries have been brought out in the areas of Sikhs and Punjab studies. Some of the useful dictionaries are discussed under the following paragraphs:

r Chilana, Rajwant Singh. Dictionary of Sikh Names. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2001. 203p. This is an exhaustive reference source that has been compiled to cater to the need of

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Sikh families around the world and help them select the traditional names in the Sikh religion for their offspring. The dictionary is also intended to meet the need of those who want to ﬁnd out the meanings of Sikh names. This book is a useful source of information for the people living in different parts of the globe, particularly in Western countries where, because of limited choice, it is still difﬁcult to select meaningful and suitable names. Chapters on naming ceremony, last names, honoriﬁc titles and popular nick names provide interesting information.

r Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. A popular dictionary of Sikhism. London: Curzon Press, 1990. 163p. This publication includes names, places, historical events, and major terms related to Sikh beliefs and practices. Names of famous religious and political Sikh leaders and soldiers have also been included.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Dictionary of mythological references in Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros., 1993. 167p. This work has been produced at the request of some students of the Sikh scriptures, because in various hymns, they ﬁnd some mythological references and can not proceed ahead unless they fully understand the importance of such citations. In order to explain each reference, it was decided to give the source of the reference, examples of its use in Guru Granth Sahib along with the required episode or comment.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Dictionary of Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros., 1996. 353p. It is a useful dictionary of around 14,500 selected words from Guru Grant Sahib with their meanings in English. The base for the words in this volume is the concordance prepared by Gurcharan Singh. Each word has been transliterated, and Gumukhi script is given in brackets, and then meaning in English.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Punjabi Sahit Kosh is a Punjabi literature dictionary brought out in three volumes by the Punjab University, Chandigarh under the editorship of Surinder Singh Kohli. Contributions by various eminent and learned scholars have been incorporated in this document. This dictionary has been found very useful in locating meanings of words used in different literature, biographical notes, historical places and other related information.

r Lal Singh. Kosh Sri Dasam Granth (Dictionary of Dasam Granth) was published in 1949 in two volumes, and provides meanings on various terms used in Guru Gobind Singh’s Granth.

r Language Department of Punjab brought out Shabdarth—Bani Guru Nanak Dev Ji (Punjabi) in 1970. It is a useful dictionary of words expressed in Guru Nanak Bani in the Adi Granth.

r Malhotra, R.P. and Kuldip Arora. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2003. This work is in two volumes, and includes an in-depth study of over 167 Punjabi literati and 395 popular literary works from the earliest period to contemporary writings. Several entries relating to Sikh studies have been included in this work like Sikh Gurus, Guru Granth Sahib, Janamsakhi, Japuji, Dasam Granth, Bachitra Natak, Chandi di var, Sukhmani, and others. Biographical information along with works of some prominent Sikh authors like Bhai Vir Singh, Jodh Singh, Kapur Singh, Nanak Singh, Sahib Singh, Puran Singh, Harbans Singh, Surinder Singh Kohli, Harnam Singh Shan, Kartar Singh Duggal, Jaswant Singh Neki, and many others have been appended.

r McLeod, H.W. Historical dictionary of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. 349p. It is an excellent and comprehensive work on the topic that includes introduction to Sikh religion, chronology of Sikh history, meanings of more than 1,000 Sikh terms and concepts, as well as an up-to-date classiﬁed bibliography of works on Sikhs and Sikhism.

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r Mehtab Singh compiled a dictionary of names and places listed in Guru Granth Sahib under the title ‘Sri Guru Granth Sahib vich ditte navan te thavan da kosh’. Its third edition was brought out from Amritsar in 1959.

r Padam, Piara Singh. The author compiled two dictionaries—(a) Gurbani Kosh in 1960, and (b) Guru Granth Sanket Kosh in 1977 which was published by the Punjabi University, Patiala.

r Rangarajan, T. Dictionary of Indian religions. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 2003. Published in two volumes, it contains a good numbers of entries on Sikh religion with meanings in English. Entries are arranged alphabetically in these volumes.

r Sevak, Seva Singh brought out ‘Gurbani Sankhia Kosh’ in 1971. r Shackle, Christopher. Guru Nanak glossary. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1981. 276p. Its second revised edition was brought in 1995. This is a glossary of the words found in the hymns of Guru Nanak Dev containing in the Adi Granth. It also includes all additional words found in the couplets of Guru Angad. There are about 6,000 entries and word listed both in Gurmukhi script and romanised transcription, with meanings in English.

r Shan, Harnam Singh. Sayings of Guru Nanak: A dictionary of the thoughts of the founder of Sikhism. Amritsar: SGPC, 2002. 636p. It is a collection of some of the simple and popular quotations taken from the hymns of Guru Nanak contained in Guru Granth Sahib. Sayings have been arranged theme-wise, and subject-wise, with most appropriate headings.

r Sodhi, Teja Singh. Sri Guru Bani Prakash. In this, dictionary meaning of difﬁcult words of Guru Granth Sahib have been arranged page wise in Punjabi language. This is a two volume set published in 1953.

r Taran Singh. Guru Granth Ratnavali. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 192p. (In PunjabiHindi-English). This work contains dictionary information about Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh Gurus, and all those saints who contributed their thoughts in the Holy scripture.

r Vir Singh (Bhai). Shri Guru Granth Kosh. The ﬁrst edition of this dictionary in Punjabi was released in February 1899.

1.2. Electronic & Online Resources Information resources on Sikhs and Sikhism in the form of software and Internet websites are continually growing. Many dedicated Gursikhs have spent a signiﬁcant amount of time in doing research and producing software on CD ROMs. Such software allows users to interactively explore different aspects of Sikhism, via text, graphics, music and video clips, and other forms. Some of the popular CD ROMs are listed below. There are also several hundred web sites on Sikhs and Sikhism that have been developed in recent years and most of these are in English. A lot of literature and information on Sikh studies is also produced in Punjabi, but there is more need for concerted efforts to develop good electronic resources in the Punjabi language. This list of web sites that I have selected is based on how frequently they are updated, their ease of use and educational value. Finding authoritative information was a difﬁcult task, but it is hoped that these sites provide useful access to aspects of Sikhism which may not be offered by print resources alone.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

1.2.1. CD ROMS

r Bains, Raghbir Singh. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Surrey, Canada: Macro Media, 1999. This is the ﬁrst computerized multimedia source of its kind that contains complete English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh history, over one hundred color plates and videos, Shabad Kirtan, Sikh code of conduct, and audio-visual tour of the world Sikh shrines.

r Bhupinder Singh brought out an ‘All About Sikhism CD-ROM’. r Cyber Giani for learning Punjabi. Cyber Giani is a Microsoft Windows based Stateof-the-Art interactive multimedia program to learn to read, speak and write the Punjabi language. It provides fast, effective, comprehensive and basic to advanced learning experience with extensive use of native speakers’ video, graphics, pictures, movies and music (http://www.sonanet.com).

r Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. The Sikh Encyclopaedia (Electronic resource). Chandigarh: Mrdoit Services, 2003. This is an informative and most latest CD Rom on Sikhs and Sikhism that covers several topics like Gurdwaras, biographies of Sikh Gurus and martyrs, Sikh history and chronology, and description of 31 Ragas.

r Gurbani CD-ROM. Shri Guru Granth Sahib Foundation, 2000. The computer data on the Gurbani—CD includes: Text of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Nitnem Banies and Bhai Gurdas’s Banies in Gurmukhi, and Devnagari, and transliteration of text of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Nitnem Banies in customized roman characters.

r Kapoor, Pritmohan Singh and Bhupinder Singh Kapoor. Scriptures and the heritage of the Sikhs (English translation). Computer File, computer laser optical disc. San Jose, California: Advanced Micro Supplies, Inc., 1995.

r Sikh Virasat—(A set of 2 CD-ROM). Chandigarh: Punsoft E—Solution, n.d. This set is a unique and rich multimedia experience spread over 519 sub-topics under six subject headings. One glides through a different world of splendid graphics, paragraphs of well researched text authenticated by the highest Sikh bodies, more than 50 melodious music clips of more than 4 hours of shabads and ragas of Bhai Balbir Singh Ex-Hazuri Ragi, Harimandar Sahib. 1.2.2. Online Resources

r Akal Sangat—http://www.akalsangat.com/—The website for a timeless community. It is a good web site for learning more about Sikhism or viewing a site devoted to the Sikh philosophy.

r Akhand Kirtani Jatha—http://www.akj.org.uk/about/—The Akhand Kirtani Jatha is a Sikh organization which actively promotes the Gursikh lifestyle, as taught by the Sikh Guru. Its primary activity is to recite the holy verses of our Guru (Gurbani) along with simple musical accompaniments—this practice is known as Kirtan and has been actively encouraged by Guru Sahib. It is a world-wide organization with centers in Punjab, UK, USA, Canada, India, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and other nations.

r All About Sikhism—http://allaboutsikhs.com/home.php—is a gateway to Sikhism, and is an excellent resource site on various aspects of Sikhs. It provides information on Sikh Gurus, history, Sikh way of life, scriptures, Gurdwaras, and Sikh youth.

r All India Index to English Books in Print—http://www.nisc.com/factsheets/qebip.asp)—is the ﬁrst electronic version of Indian Books in Print that lists thousands of books on Sikhs not

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found in elsewhere, along with their prices. A directory of Indian publishers with complete addresses and contact details is also included.

r Association of Sikh Professionals—http://www.sikhprofessionals.org/—The Association is a service organization formed in 1984 by several Sikhs in the Midwest region of the United States. It has gradually expanded its membership signiﬁcantly throughout the United States. The Association funds and supports various Sikh service projects, and provides grants to the many projects, which assist Sikhs and the less fortunate around the world.

r Atam Marg: Gateway to Spirituality—http://www.atammarg.org—is maintained by the Vishav Gurmat Roohani Mission Charitable Trust.

r Bibliography of Asian Studies—http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/b/bas)—is an on-line version of the Bibliography of Asian Studies that contains records on all subjects, especially humanities and social sciences, pertaining to East, Southeast, and South Asia published worldwide from 1971 to the present, and has several hundred references indexed from the journals and composite works on Sikh studies.

r Chardi Kalaa—http://www.chardikalaa.com/—The objectives of this site are to contribute to the Chardi Kalaa of the local Sikh community by helping to foster a sense of community and reinforcing Sikh values with a special emphasis on community service (seva) and on Sikh youth. It presents a framework for catering to social, cultural, recreational and religious needs of the community through programs that are tailored to the American environment and complementary to those provided by Gurdwaras in the area.

r DELNET—the Developing Library Network—http://delnet.nic.in/—provides a union catalogue of books, union list of current periodicals, CD-ROM Databases, Database of Indian specialists, database of periodical articles, union list of video recordings, Urdu manuscripts’ database, database of theses and dissertations on India.

r Five K Net—http://www.5knet.com/—It is good site for disseminating information to Sikh youth, and has link to Indian Sikh Youth Discussion Forum.

r Fort: Panth Khalsa—http://www.community.net/∼khalsa/—An invaluable resource for the Khalsa Nation, and provides detailed accounts and essays on some of the most important historical events for the Sikhs, as well as thorough examinations of various Panthic matters.

r Gobind Sadan—http://gobindsadan.org/index.shtml—It is an interfaith, farm-based community “rooted in the Sikh teachings” web site that is guided by Baba Virsa Singh.

r Gurbani—http://www.Gurbani .org/—A brilliant resource, full of well-researched essays on various themes mentioned in Gurbani. The essays allow to understand in simple terms the wonderful words of our Guru Sahib.

r Gurdwara Bangla Sahib—http://www.banglasahib.org/—This site provides useful information and photographs of the Gurdwara Bangla Sahib that is situated in New Delhi.

r Gurmat Preaching Society—http://www.gurmatps.org—This society was founded in 1999 out of the need to create appropriate multimedia and online material for the youth of today and the coming generations.

r Gurmat Studies Foundation—http://www.gurmatstudies.com/index.htm—The Gurmat Studies Foundation had a vision of such an institute in North America that would train children, youth, and adults about Sikhism. Through the Guru’s blessings that vision has turned into reality. It is a place where children and youth learn the basics of Sikhism while training

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

adults to become Sikh preachers. Its main goal is to educate society about the Sikh faith and to build preachers for the future.

r Hemkunt Sahib—http://www.hemkuntsahib.com/—This is a beautiful site on Gurdwara Hemkunt Sahib that is located in the Himalayas, and is also regarded as one of the holiest places of the Sikhs. It was there that Sri Guru Gobind Singh the tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs is reported to have meditated in his previous life. It provides links to Sikh symbols, Hukamnama, and other topics.

r History of the Sikhs—http://www.sikh-history.com/—This site offers biographies of the Gurus; major historical events; biographies of the Sikh martyrs; biographies of great Sikh warriors; institutes of Sikhism and other Sikh personalities.

r Ikonkar—http://www.ikonkar.com/—It is a good site for locating resources on Sikhism and Gurdwaras.

r Index to Social Sciences Periodicals—http://isidev.nic.in/odb.html—is the on-line index to over one hundred Indian Social Science journals, and press clippings ﬁles of national English dailies. It contains a good number of citations on Sikhs and Sikhism.

r International Institute of Gurmat Studies—http://www.iigs.com/—The IGSS is a prominent world wide institute for its historic role of pioneering the International Sikh Youth Camping Movement. It is a non-proﬁt, religious Sikh organization that was founded in Lucknow in 1955. In 1979, IGS went International by holding its ﬁrst camp outside India (the 12th Sikh Youth Camp) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Since January 1985, it has been headquartered in California, USA.

r International Sikh Heritage Association—http://www.isha.net.—ISHA is a volunteer organization of concerned Punjabis dedicated to serve as a source of information on all aspects of Punjabi heritage, culture, history, language and customs. It also align with other like-minded organizations interested in the activities of promoting the Punjabi culture through seminars, symposiums, TV media, stage dramas, Kavi Darbars and printed media.

r Namdhari Sikhs—http://www.namdhari.org/—It is an informative site on the Namdhari Sikhs also known as Kukas in the political annals of India, and are rightly called “Torch bearer of India’s freedom struggle”. Also visit Namdhari Faith—http://namdhari.faithweb.com/

r Nishkam—http://www.nishkam.org/—It is an ofﬁcial web site of the Sikh Welfare Council whose main objective is to perform Seva, Simran and truthful living. Those who start with Seva without expectation of any reward (Nishkam-Seva) and go on doing it, are bestowed with the boon of Simran from which follows the truthful living and other qualities.

r Punjabi American Heritage Society—http://www.punjabiamericanheritagesociety.com— Based in Yuba City, California, the organization aims to educate “about the Punjabi culture and universal liberal teaching of the Sikh Gurus” in the American context.

r Ramgarhia Sikhs—http://www.ramgarhia.org/—Its an ofﬁcial site of the Ramgarhia Sabha Southall, London, and has several links to education, matrimonial, services and sports.

r Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee—http://www.sgpc.net/—It is an ofﬁcial website of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee that has useful and authenticated links to Gurus, Guru Granth Sahib, Gurdwaras, Rehat Maryada, historical dates and events.

r Sikh.net—http://www.sikh.net/index.html—The purpose of this site is to increase the awareness of the Sikhs to the main elements of the Sikh faith, socio-cultural nuances,

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activities and events, and to educate our youths and to increase their awareness to the Sikh religion. It also aims to create a network of the Sikh professionals around the world.

r Sikh Cyber Museum—http://www.sikhcybermuseum.org/—The Sikh Cyber Museum is a non-commercial educational project that focuses on Anglo-Sikh history. The website has been funded by the Heritage Lottery fund and managed by the council of Sikh Gurdwaras in Birmingham. The primary aim of the project is to enhance and enrich relations between those of Sikh origin and the general community via the World Wide Web.

r Sikh Dharma—http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sikd.html—The site gives

detailed information about the Sikh Dharma: Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) a non-proﬁt organization dedicated to sharing the teachings of Kundalini Yoga as taught by Singh Sahib Harbhajan Singh Yogi. Also visit—http://www.yogibhajan.com.

r Sikh Doctors in North America—http://sikhdocs.org/—It is an ofﬁcial web site of the North

American Sikh Medical & Dental Association (NASMDA). Its objectives are to compile a comprehensive directory of Sikh physicians and dentists residing in North America, to promote the interest of Sikh physicians and dentists in United States, Canada and elsewhere, to support Sikh physicians and dentists, as well as other brilliant and deserving Sikh professionals pursuing their careers in those ﬁelds or any other ﬁelds in the United States, Canada and elsewhere.

r Sikh Films—http://www.sikhﬁlms.com/—The site is completely devoted to the cause of

projecting Sikhism in the right perspective. Its main purpose is to keep all the Sikhs, Punjabis and the entire world informed about all the ﬁlm projects based on the Sikh religion, history and society.

r Sikh Foundation USA—http://www.sikhfoundation.org—The Foundation was founded in 1967 at Palo Alto, and works to promote the heritage and future of Sikhism. It is a non-proﬁt organization that aims to build a global network of professionals and entrepreneurs from a diverse verticals of industry and work collectively to make a positive difference to the future of Sikhs, Sikhism and society at large.

r Sikh Mediawatch and Resource Task Force—http://www.sikhmediawatch.org—The SMART is an advocacy group that monitors media and serves as a source of information and education regarding Sikhs. Its aim is to build bridges of understanding, to help foster greater social harmony and acquaintance of Sikhs as an integral, active part of the diverse American community.

r Sikh Missionary College—http://www.chardikalaa.com/∼smc—This Sikh home page is maintained by Ranbir Kaur Khalsa of Germany. It provides extensive information on Sikh religion, Sikh Missionary College (Ludhiana), books and other issues.

r Sikh Nation—http://www.sikhnation.com—The mission of this web site is to be a one-stop resource cooperative, by bringing the vast amount of resources on Sikhs and Sikhism available on the internet onto one website. It was started in August 1997 to provide information and resources for the beneﬁt of the Singapore Sikh community, and eventually it became a ‘One-Stop’ information archive on the events and happenings in the Singapore Sikh Community. In 2003, the website was revamped and has parted into two distinct portals namely; SikhNation.com and SingaporeSikhs.com

r Sikh Net (Sikh Dharma International)—http://www.sikhnet.com—Begun as a computer bulletin board system of Sikh Dharma, today Sikh Net aims to connect Sikhs around the world through an online community. This site offers a wealth of information about Sikhism.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

Main categories include community, directories, youth and children, downloads, Sikhism, shopping and Gurbani (music).

r Sikh Network—http://www.sikhnetwork.org/index.php?p=publications—This network publishes the online guide on Sikhism entitled “Sikhism and the Sikh People: A Reference Guide”.

r Sikh Point—http://www.sikhpoint.com/—This site is a comprehensive resource site for Sikhism meeting the needs and aspirations of the Sikhs worldwide—social, cultural, religious, professional and personal, and elite podium providing a strong network for alleged groups to collaborate, exchange information and expand their horizons to serve humanity as exemplary citizens.

r Sikh Rehit Maryada (Code of conduct)—http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharmamanual. html

r Sikh Religion—http://www.sikh-religion.de/—The Sikh-Forum of Germany is an independent internet based service which provides information about Sikhs and their religion in German language. It was founded in 2000 by Sikhs who do not belong to any political or other organization. The Sikh-Forum aims to provide sophisticated information about Sikh philosophy (Sikhism), history and current affairs. Among other contents you get the addresses of Gurdwaras in Europe and upcoming events.

r Sikh Seek—http://www.sikhseek.com/—This is a good web guide for ﬁnding anything about Sikhs. It has links to several topics—Arts and music, business and companies, computers and Internet, Gurdwaras, news and events, philosophy and scriptures, society and culture, and youth.

r Sikh Student—http://www.sikhstudent.com/—Sikh Student Association is a group of college and high school students, and professionals with the aims of helping students in collaboration of human and other resources to create or embitter existing Sikh student organizations at their respective schools.

r Sikhs—http://www.sikhs.org/—It is a good introductory resource that includes complete English translation of the Guru Granth Sahib.

r Sikh Spirit—http://www.sikhspirit.com—is a United Kingdom based site offering a range of resources including “Sikhs in the News” and “Gurmat Learning Zone.”

r Sikh Study Circle—http://www.sikhstudy.com/—The Sikh Study Circle is non-proﬁt religious organization, committed to the promotion of Sikh values. It has tried hard to put into practice the true teachings of the Sikh Gurus.

r Sikhi to the Max—http://www.sikhitothemax.com/—A relatively new web site that has had an amazing effect on the internet’s Sikh population. The whole of Guru Granth Sahib Ji can be searched in both Gurmukhi and English. Bhai Gurdas’ verses and other works have also been added as the site grows virtually every week.

r Sikhism—http://www.sikhs.org/—This site is maintained by Sandeep Singh Brar, and is the oldest web site on Sikhism. It includes the ﬁrst complete English translation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Japji Sahib in Gurmukhi & English transliteration, complete Sikh Rahit Maryada, audio ﬁles of all Nitnem prayers, index by author of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, biographies of the Gurus, photos and details of 65 historical Gurdwaras of Punjab.

r Sri Hemkunt Foundation—http://www.sikh.net/hemkunt—was established in New York in 1980 to educate Sikh children and youth.

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r Surbat Khalsa—http://www.surbut-khalsa.com/—The website is set up by Surbut-Khalsa Ltd based in Hounslow, Greater London.

r Three HO—http://www.3HO.org—The 3HO emphasises on Kundalini Yoga, as taught by Yogi Bhajan, and provides information about the Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization.

r United Sikhs—http://www.unitedsikhs.org/—is a coalition of organizations and individuals, who share a common vision based on the belief that there is no greater endeavor than to serve, empower and uplift fellow beings. Its main objective is to transform under-privileged and minority communities and individuals into informed and vibrant members of society through civic, educational and personal development programs, by fostering active participation in social and economic activity.

r Warrior Saints—http://www.warriorsaints.com/—A great website dedicated to the martial spirit of the Sikhs, and has many informative articles as well as and some video clips of Gatka.

r World Khalsa—http://www.worldkhalsa.com/—is a good source of information on Khalsa Panth, and has links to online Kirtan and other topics on Sikhism.

r World Sikh Organization—http://www.worldsikh.org/home.htm–The WSO was founded on July 28, 1984, in New York, at a gathering attended by representatives of Sikh organizations from around the world. The goal was to create an organization that would be the representative voice of the Sikhs, and to work for the promotion of ideas of universal brotherhood, peace, justice, freedom of worship and speech, respect for cultural diversity and human dignity, without distinctions, as set out in the instruments and covenants of the United States.

1.2.2.1. Online Access to Guru Granth Sahib

r Sri Granth—http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/Gurbani.Gurbani?Action=Main&S=y—Sri Guru Granth Sahib contains 1,430 pages of philosophy from the Sikh Gurus and saints of various faiths. The scriptures, considered the spiritual authority for the Sikhs, promote values such as truth, justice, equality, charity, and love for God.

r The Granth—http://www.sikhs.org/granth.htm—This is a good site for Guru Granth Sahib (also known as the Adi Granth) that is truly unique among the world’s great scriptures.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.sikhnet.com/s/GuruGranthSahib—has links to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Japji Sahib, Gurbani Kirtan Shabds for printing, search engine, daily Hukamnama, and allow to take a “Cyber” Hukamnama.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.srigurugranthsahib.org/—It is one of the largest online resource on Sikhism that links to quotations, audios, articles and other resources.

r Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.ishwar.com/sikhism/holy guru granth sahib/—It is an English translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa that is available online.

r Guru Granth Drapan—http://www.gurugranthdarpan.com/—It provides complete Punjabi translation by Professor Sahib Singh.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji—http://allaboutsikhs.com/ggs/—An excellent web site for reading of Guru Granth Sahib in English, Punjabi and Hindi, as well as English transliteration.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (Faridkot wala teeka)—http://www.ik13.com/teeka.htm—The Faridkot wala teeka of Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji can be downloaded through this site.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

1.2.2.2. Online Books, Journals & Newspapers

r Abstracts of Sikh Studies—http://www.sikhstudies.org/PrdSrh.asp—It is a quarterly journal published by the Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh.

r Amrit Keertan Index—http://www.sikhitothemax.com/akindex.asp r Amrit Ki Hain (The Meaning of Sikh Baptism)—by Bhai Randheer Singh—http://www. akj.org/skins/default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=2

r Amrit Kirtan—http://www.amritkirtan.org/ r Articles on Sikhism—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/articles/index.htm—This has a good selection of over ﬁfty ﬁve articles on various topics of Sikhs and Sikhism.

r Atam Marg—http://www.atammargonline.org/—is published monthly. The current and past issues in Gurmukhi, English and Hindi, which comprise of spiritual articles and personal experiences of the ones who have attempted to explore the path of spiritual happiness.

r Gurbaanee Dictionary—http://www.singhsabha.com/Gurbaani dictionary.htm—This is useful online dictionary of words from Guru Granth Sahib with meanings in English.

r Gurmat Parkash—http://www.sgpc.net/gurmat parkash/index main.asp—is a Punjabi monthly journal published by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar. Some of its editions are made available online free of cost for the convenience of the worldwide readers.

r Gurmat Rahit Maryada (The points of contention) by Manmohan Singh—http://www. akj.org/skins/default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=3

r Hail Hair by Birendra Kaur—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/hailhair.htm r IntroductiontoSikhismbyG.S.Mansukhani—http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/ introductiontosikhism2/contents.html—It is a detailed account of Sikh religion, and answers many questions.

r Lions in the Punjab: An Introduction to the Sikh Religion by Andrea Grace Diem— http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/litp/index.htm

r Mahan Kosh (Encyclopedia of Sikh Literature) by Kahn Singh Nabha—http://www. rarasahib.com/Mahan%20Kosh.pdf—This title is the most comprehensive dictionary-cumEncyclopedia of Sikhism, containing about 65,000 words occurring in original Sikh scriptures. To facilitate information, all the entries have been arranged in alphabetical order.

r Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947 by Gurbachan Singh Talib—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/gst/index.htm

r Outlines of Sikh Doctrines by Principal Teja Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ doctrines.htm

r Political Philosophy of the Sikh Gurus by Kanwarjit Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs. com/books/kjs/index.htm

r Rangley Sajjan (The imbued ones) by Bhai Randhir Singh—http://www.akj.org/skins/ default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=5

r Sikh Bulletin—http://www.sikhbulletin.com/—is a monthly publication of voice of concerned Sikhs world wide.

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r Sikh Encyclopedia—http://allaboutsikhs.com/encyclopedia/—This unique source includes a total of about 3,500 entries on different subject titles relating to Sikh life and letters, history and philosophy, customs and rituals, social and religious movements, art and architecture, locales and shrines.

r Sikh Gurus by Kartar Singh Duggal—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ksd/index.htm r Sikh Marg (Punjabi)—http://www.sikhmarg.com/—Every week new articles are posted on this web site. There is no need of any Punjabi (Gurmukhi) fonts to read the Punjabi web site.

r Sikh News—http://www.sikhe.com/—is global Sikh daily news and current affairs online, and updated every day.

r Sikh Religion by Max Arthur Macauliffe—http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/tsr1/index. htm —is one of the ﬁrst comprehensive book about the Sikh religion in the English language. Macauliffe had extensive access to manuscripts of the Sikh sacred writings (the Granth), as well as support from Sikh scholars and leaders of the time. This is volume one and covers Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Next ﬁve future volumes will also be made available online.

r Sikh Religion Awareness in Modern time by Gurdeep Singh Hura—http://www.gurmatps. org/gps/index.html?../other books/mansukhani/index

r Sikh Review—http://www.sikhreview.org/—The main mission of ‘The Sikh Review’ is to disseminate Gurbani philosophy and the spirit of Sikhism—while developing interfaith understanding and promoting universal moral values—to sustain a dynamic society throughout the world. Primarily targeted at Sikhs of the present and the future generations, this monthly journal is meant for general readers in philosophy, moral science, history and sociology.

r Sikh Spectrum—http://www.sikhspectrum.com/—A literary and intellectual magazine featuring Sikh community and others which discusses socio-economic, political, historical, current affairs, arts, architecture and religious issues not only of Sikhs but others as well.

r Sikh Spirit—http://www.sikhspirit.com/—Sikh Spirit a project of Akaal Purkh Ki Fauj, London, and is published regularly. This monthly publication offers brief articles on Sikh life.

r Sikh Times—http://www.sikhtimes.com/about.html—Established in 1999, Sikh Times is an independent voluntary non-proﬁt project directed at compiling noteworthy news and analysis from around the world on issues of concern to the global Sikh community.

r The Sikh Times—http://www.thesikh-times.co.uk/—The Sikh Times is a bilingual weekly publication that is distributed nationally.

r Sikh-Virsa—http://www.sikhvirsa.com/—is a monthly magazine in English and Punjabi published from Calgary, Canada, and includes papers on Sikhism.

r The Sikh way of life by Ranbir Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/swol/swol01. htm.—It provides an introduction to this title, and eventually the whole book will be accessible online in near future.

r Sri Nanak Parkash—http://www.rarasahib.com/Sri%20Nanak%20Parkash.pdf—by Bhai Santokh Singh.

r Ten Masters by Puran Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ttm/ttm.htm

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r Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal—http://chahal.info/—is a bi-annual publication from Canada, and is available in paper (printed) form. Selected articles of some of the issues and table of contents for the past issues are available online. 1.2.2.3. Sikh Studies in Universities & Colleges

r Columbia University—http://www.sikh.net/Seva/Sikhchair.htm r Coventry University—http://www.coventry.ac.uk/cms/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=469&a=2811 r Hofstra University—http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/HCLAS/SIKH/SIKH courses.cfm r Institute of Sikh Studies—http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/institutes/insofsikhstudies. html

r Kwantlen University College—http://www.kwantlen.bc.ca/marketing/pr/2003/080503.html r Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies at University of California, Santa Barbara— http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/

r University College of Fraser Valley—http://www.ucfv.bc.ca/icrc/ r University of Michigan, Center for South Asian Studies, Sikhism Courses— http://www.umich.edu/∼iinet/csas/academic/course descript.html#SA 303

r University of Toronto Sikh Studies Program—http://www.sikhspectrum.com/092002/ toronto.htm

r University of Birmingham—http://www.theology.bham.ac.uk/postgrad/Sikh/ r World Sikh University—http://www.sikh-uni.ac.uk/index.htm 1.2.2.4. Sikh Diaspora

r Sikhs in Australia—http://www.sikh.com.au/inaus/index.html—It is a good site for historical account of Sikh arrival in Australia and information about famous Sikhs. Also mention Sikh Gurus and their teachings, and has links to Gurdwara sites, Sikh art and other topics.

r Sikhs in Canada: Becoming Canadian Sikhs—http://collections.ic.gc.ca/sikh/—It is a good source for one hundred years of history of Sikhs in Canada. Canadian Sikh Council—http://www.sikhcouncil.ca/eng/index.htm—Established to give expression to issues and concerns affecting Sikh Canadians, the CSC is committed to building and advancing Canada’s multicultural society. It provides a national forum and democratic voice for Sikh Canadians and supports the Sikh community’s contribution to the cultural, economic, and social well-being and betterment of Canada. Vancouver Sikhs—http://www.vanss.com/—Vancouver Sikh Spirit is a non-proﬁt organization whose aim is to promote awareness of the Sikh religion and cultural heritage in the community. It consists of a group of families whose children aged 8–15 residing in Vancouver, Canada, and have worked together to prepare an audio CD, cassette and video tape using both English and Punjabi as a medium. Sikhs in Ottawa—http://www.ottawasikhsociety.ca/main.html Centennial Foundation—http://www.centennialfoundation.org/

PRINTED AND ELECTRONIC REFERENCE RESOURCES

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Gurdwara Kalgidhar at Abbotsford, BC—http://www.kalgidhardarbar.com/ Gurdwara Tapoban Sahib, Brampton—http://www.tapoban.org/,

r Sikhs in Holland—http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Set/7085/frame1.html—It is good site for information on Sikhs in Holland, and has links to Gurdwaras and community events.

r Sikhs in Indonesia—http://www.sikhindonesia.com/ r Sikhs in Malaysia—http://www.niketan.com.my/ Gurdwara Sahib Melaka—http://www. Gurdwarasahibmelaka.com/

r Sikhs in New Zealand—http://www.sikhs.wellington.net.nz/—The New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington) Inc. was incorporated in June 1991. The main objectives of the society are to preach the teachings of Sikhism, to provide religious services and ceremonies, to foster a better understanding among the people of New Zealand about Sikh religion, to promote harmony among the followers of various religious creeds in New Zealand, and to promote Punjabi language.

r Sikhs in Singapore—http://www.singaporesikhs.com/, Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Singapore)—http://www.singhsabha.org/, Gurdwara Sahib Silat Road—http://www.silatroadtemple.org/, Sikh Centre—http://www.sikh-centre.com/ Sri Guru Nanak Sat Sang Sabha (Gurdwara Katong)—http://www.Gurdwarakatong.org/

r Sikhs in Thailand—http://www.thaisikh.org/, Thailand Sikhs—http://www.thaisikh.com/

r Sikhs in United Kingdom—http://www.sikhs.org.uk/, Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Hounslow—http://www.sgss.org/,

r Sikhs in United States—http://www.sikhcenter.org/, Gurdwara Singh Sabha of Washington—http://www.seattlegurdwara.com/ Gurdwara Central Jersey Sikh Association— http://www.gurudwara-cjsa.org/ Guru Nanak Sikh Temple—http://www.migurdwara.org/, Gurdwara Singh Sabha of North Texas—http://www.gurdwarasinghsabhaofnorthtexas.org/, Sikh Religious Society of Arizona—http://www.arizonasikhgurdwara.com/—is a non-proﬁt organization which is working actively for the Sikh community in the state of Arizona. The Society is involved in many local projects for the beneﬁt of the Sikh community.

2. Sikh Gurus Ahuja, Roshan Lal and Gurdial Singh Phul. Our masters: Life sketch of ten Gurus. Allahabad: Vishwa Vidhyalaya Press, 1956. 74p. Amarjit Singh. Essential human unity, dignity and value as propounded by the Sikh Gurus: A spiritual perspective. Sikh Courier, 26(62), Aut–Win 1986, 28–30. Amrit Kaur. Critical study of the educational philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. Anand, T.K. The essence of Sikhism: The lives and teachings of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Madhuban Educational Books, 1996. 8 Vols. Ardaman Singh. One Guru one movement. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, n.d. Arora, R.K. and Ian MacLeod-Brudenell. Guru Nanak and the Sikh Gurus. Hove: Wayland, 1987. 64p. Arshi, Sahib Singh. The way of life as propounded by Gurus. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 9–11. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 6 Vols. Baldev Singh. Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 21(35), 15 May 1972, 5. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Aurangzeb and the Sikh Gurus. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honor of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 119–42. Also in Sikh Review, 37(12), Dec 1989, 9–27. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh. Allahabad: Rajesh Publishers, 1973. 244p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. The Sikh Gurus and Sikh religion. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1983. 370p. Bawa, Chajju Singh. Ten Gurus and their teachings. Lahore: Punjabi Printing Works, 1903. 432 p. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. The Sikh Gurus and Sikhism. Vol. 1 of the Encyclopaedic history of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. 387p. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi. The Sikh Gurus and their hymns. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2000. 577p. Bhattacharya, Vivek Ranjan. Secular thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Gian Publishing House, 1988. 153p. Bhavnani, Mulchand Varumal. Life sketch of ten Gurus. N.p.: Creations, 1998. 118p. Chandi, Amarjit Singh. The Gurus never excommunicated any person, but they did throw out anti-Gurmat tenets. Spokesman Weekly, Sept 2003, 21–22. Cole, W. Owen. Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 31(356), Aug 1983, 15–22. Cole, W. Owen. The Guru in Sikhism. M.Phil. Thesis. University of Leeds, 1975. 164p. Cole, W. Owen. The Guru in Sikhism. London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1982. 115p.

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Cole, W. Owen. Guru in Sikhism: Some further considerations. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 18–26. Cole, W. Owen. Sikh concept of Guru. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 2(1), Jan–Jun 2000. Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. Sikh religious thought: The place of the ten Gurus in the Sikh religion. In Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Glimpses of Sikh religion. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1988, pp. 24–95. Dalip Singh. Eight divine Guru Jots: Guru Angad to Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. 2004. 430p. Dalip Singh. Political conditions during the times of Guru Nanak, Guru Angad and Guru Amardas. Spokesman Weekly, 23(25), 9 Nov 1974, 3–4. Daljeet Singh. Five gifts of the Gurus. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan 1995, 14–26. Darshan Singh. Indian bhakti traditions and Sikh Gurus. Chandigarh: Punjab Publishers, 1968. 233p. Dass, J.R. Economic thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1988. 192p. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh Gurus: Harbingers of social equality. Sikh Courier, 40(90), Aut–Win 2000, 23–25. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Social and political philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Gobind Singh. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing, 1976. 120p. Deol, J.S. Non-canonical compositions attributed to the seventh and ninth Sikh Gurus. Jnl American Oriental Soc, 121(2), 2001, 193–203. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Sikh Gurus and Mughal state: A study into political attitude. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 455p. Dhillon, Harish. Lives and teachings of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1998. 308p. Dhillon, J.K. Some thoughts on the evolution of Guruship. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(1), Feb 1987, 1–7. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Sikh Gurus: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1993. 251p. Engle, Jon. Servants of God: Lives of the ten Sikh Gurus. Franklin, N.H.: Sant Bani Ashram, 1980. 192p. Fauja Singh. Economic ideas of the Sikh Gurus in relation to world view. Sikh Review, 31(358), Oct 1983, 10–18. Fauja Singh. Social and economic ideas of the Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 14(14), 1966, 54–62. Ganda Singh. Lives of Sikh Gurus and basic principles of Sikhism. Ipoh (Malaysia): Khalsa Diwan Malaya, 1962. 57p. Ganda Singh. Sikh Gurus at Gaya. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 13–16. Ganda Singh. Important dates relating to Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 213–16.

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Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of Gurus in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(44), 29 Jun 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. History of the Sikh Gurus: A comprehensive study. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1978. 642. Gill, Mohinder Kaur. The Guru consorts. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992. 200p. Gill, Pritam Singh. Concept of ‘Guru’ in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(12), 7 Dec 1987, 3. Gujrati, Balwant Singh. Introducing the ten masters. Delhi: Sterling Publisher, 1970. 72p. Gupta, Hari Ram. Bhai Buddha. A contemporary of ﬁrst seven Sikh Gurus and ﬁrst high priest of the Harimandir Sahib. Sikh Courier, 12(14), Sum 1985, 24–25. Gupta, Hari Ram. History of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Uttam Chand Kapur, 1973. 320p. Gupta, Hari Ram. Impact of Sikh Guru’s teachings on Indian society. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Jun 1979, 29–32. Gurdeep Kaur. Political ideas of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1990. 84p. Gurdev Singh. Ideology of Sikh Gurus. Chandigarh: Hansrao Publishers, 1990. 154p. Gurdev Singh. Punjab politics: Socio-politico orientations of the Sikh Gurus. Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1986. 122p. Gurdev Singh. Social and political thoughts of Sikh Gurus. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1983. 209p. Gurdev Singh. Social reform by Sikh Gurus. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 18(2), Oct 1987, 173–84. Gur Partap Singh. Chronological table of Sikh Gurus. London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1978. Harbans Lal (Bhai). The concept of Guru in Sikh theology. The Sikh Sansar, 6(1), 1977, 6–7. Harkirat Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 12–14. Also in Young Sikh Review, Jul 1981, 17–19. Harkirat Singh. Role of the Sikh Gurus in shaping Indian history. Sikh Review, 31(335), Nov 1981, 45–72. Hazara Singh. Centenaries of Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 15–19. Jagdish Singh. The founders of Sikh religion. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1996. 51p. Jain, Nirmal Kumar. Contribution of the Sikh Gurus to Indian spiritualism. Sikh Review, 27(307), Jul 1979, pp. 5–21. Jaybalan, A. The concept of Guru in Sikh tradition. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Apr–Jun 2000, 43–50. Jodh Singh. Gurmat Nirnay: (Teachings of the (Sikh) Gurus). Lahore: Uttam Chand Kapur, 1936. 280p. Johar, S.S. Sikh Gurus created classless and casteless society. Spokesman Weekly, 32(14), 6 Dec 1982, 4.

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Kanwarjit Singh. Political philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1989. 147p. Kartar Singh. Sikh Gurus and untouchability. Amritsar: JS & JS, 1936. 40p. Khalsa, Guru Fateh Singh. The Guru, the Sikh and divine being. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 12–14. Kharak Singh and Gurtej Singh. Episodes from lives of the Gurus: Parchian Sewadas. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1995. 162p. Khazan Singh. Miracles of the Sikh Gurus. Sialkot: The author, 1932. Khosla, D.N. Sikh Gurus on education. Delhi: Adi–Jugadi, 1988. 118p. Kirpal Singh. Perspectives on Sikh Gurus. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2000. 320p. Llewellyn, Frank Bowman. How peaceful villagers became warriors: A study of the life and teachings of the Sikh Gurus of the Punjab, India. Pittsburgh: Western Theological Seminary, 1925. Madanjit Kaur. A study of the Hukumnamas as source material for the history of the Sikh Gurus. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 110–16. Madanjit Kaur. Study of the Panda Vahis as source material for the history of the Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present, 15(2), Oct 1981, 322–26. Makin, G.S. The role and importance of Guru. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 21–23. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(37), 13 Jun 1988, 4. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Development of Sikh institutions under the Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), 1992, 31–41. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Raj Yoga of the Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 25(287), Nov 1977, 25–33. Mathrani, M. Sikh Gurus were reformer and champions of Hinduism. Organiser, 39(4), 2 Jun 1987, 11. McMullen, Clarence O. The concept of Guru in Indian religions. Delhi: I.S.P.C.K., 1982. 157p. Michaud, Heather Lenore. Walking in the footsteps of the Guru: Sikhs and seekers in the Indian Himalayas. M.A. Thesis. University of Calgary (Canada), 1998. 158p. Mohan Singh. A witness to truth and glory of the Gurus and Gurmat. Sikh Review, 23(254–255), Feb–Mar 1975, 72–74. Mohan Singh. Gurus of humanity and not of Sikhs alone. Sikh Review, 31(335), Nov 1981, 31–33. Muhammad Ali (Maulvi). The founders of Sikhism. Lahore: Anjuman-i-Paigham-I-Sulh, 1913. 20p. Narenderpal Singh. Gleanings from the masters. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1965. 98p. The nature of Guruship. Delhi: I.S.P.C.K., 1976. 217p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Fundamental concerns of Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present. 20(39), Apr 1986, 43–48. Also in Sikh Review, 38(9), Sep 1990, 5–9.

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Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. The Sikhs in ferment: Battles of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1992. 127p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh and Daljit Kaur. Knowing the lesser known disciples of Sikh Gurus. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, 1995, 54–57. Nihal Singh. The enlighters. Hissar: Sahit Prakashan, 1966. 86p. Oberoi, Mridula. The Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1999. 122p. Pall, S.J.S. The masters & the word divine: Questions-answers. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1999. 244p. Panjikaran, Jiji. The political thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 121–26. Parekh, Virendra. Betrayal of the Sikh Gurus. Observer of Business and Politics, 9, May 1999. Parkash Singh. The Sikh Gurus and the temple of bread. Amritsar: SGPC, 1964. 120p. Puran Singh. The book of the ten masters. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 166p. Rai, Gulshan. Sikh Gurus. Noida: Diamond Comics, 1999. 169p. Raina, Amrit Kaur. The educational philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. Patiala: Language Department, 1987. 233p. Raj, Hormise Nirmal. Evolution of the Sikh faith: The historical formation and development of Sikhism under the Gurus. New Delhi: Unity Book Service, 1987. 260p. Ralhan, O.P. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 6 Vols. Ranbir Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 23(254–255), Feb–Mar 1975, 65–68. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(27), 28 Feb 1983, 4–5. Ranbir Singh. Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965. 408p. Ray, Niharranjan. Gurus of the Sikhs: One vision one mission. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 14–19; and Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Ray, Niharranjan. The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh society: A study in social analysis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 204p. Ray, Niharranjan. The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh society. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1975. 142p. Santokh Singh. Basic unity of teachings of Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review. 22(246), Jun 1974, 41–42. Shackle, C. The non-sanskritic vocabulary of the later Sikh Gurus. British Sch Orient Afr St, 47, 1984, 76–107. Sharma, S.C. Sikh Gurus and the Jammu and Kashmir state. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 67–80. Sher Singh ‘Sher’. Guru Nanak and his nine successors. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 328–36. Sher Singh ‘Sher’. Sikh Gurus: Their religions and followers. New Delhi: Literary SubCommittee, 1973. 47p.

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Sikh religion (on Gurus). Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. 291p. Singh, K. Sikh Gurus: Brief life story of the ten Sikh Gurus. Bangkok: Sri Guru Singh Sabha, 1969. 208p. Swaranjit Singh. Philosophy of Sikh Gurus and their contribution to education. Ph.D. Thesis. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh University, 1991. Taran Singh., Ed. Sikh Gurus and the Indian spiritual thought. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 240p. Teja Singh. Religion of the Sikh Gurus. Amritsar: SGPC, 1957. 30p. The ten Gurus of Sikhs. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 9–13. Thomas, Terry. Gurus in Sikhism. In Peter Connolly, Ed. Perspectives on Indian Religion: Papers in honor of Karel Werner. Delhi: Satguru Publications, 1986, pp. 239–53. Thomas, Terry. Sikhism: The voice of the Guru. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1978. 95p. Tuteja, K.L. The Sikh Gurus and Haryana. Journal of Haryana Studies (Kurukshetra), 7(1–2), 1975, 13–17. Varma, M. Guru Nanak and Gobind Singh: Sikh Gurus as Hindi poets. Organiser, 18(45), 21 Jan 1985, 5. Verma, D.K. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 25–29. Vidyarthi, Rajinder Singh. The concept of Guru: As spiritual & temporal guide. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 14–16. Virk, H.S. Puran Singh’s views on Sikh Gurus, Sikh and the Khalsa ideal. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 116–25. Wazir Singh. Humanism of the Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(1), Apr 1987, 16–23. William, Rosetta. Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Har Anand, 2003. 112p.

2.1. Guru Nanak Dev Advani, K.V. Guru Nanak and his transﬁguring inﬂuence. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 40–41. Advani, K.V. Guru Nanak and pansacramentalism. Sikh Review, 25(284), Aug 1977, 32–33. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Fundamentals concerns of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1985, 33–37. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Nanak: The prophet of mankind. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11– 12), Guru Nanak Number 1978. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Nanak’s version of Balor’s invasion of Punjab. Sikh Review, 22(251), Nov 1974, 52–55. Ahluwalia, Shashi. Guru Nanak. In her Spiritual Masters from India. Delhi: Manas Publications, 1987, pp. 155–83.

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Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of peace. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 47–48. Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: The prophet of peace. Spokesman Weekly. 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 59–62. Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Studies in Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1986. 2 Vols. Amrik Singh. Sat Guru Nanak Dev: The apostle of peace, unity, truth and inﬁnite. Ludhiana: The author, 1950. 30p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and formalism in religion. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 159–69. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak: His life was his message. New Delhi. Guru Nanak Foundation, 1983. 225p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s all embracing love. Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 27–28. Anurag Singh. Was Guru Nanak a reformer or a revolutionary prophet? Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 47–50. Arora, A.C. Guru Nanak: The prophet of light. Spokesman Weekly, 18(16), 2 Dec 1968, 5. Arora, Sharan. Guru Nanak Dev ji and the Rababi tradition. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 161–76. Askari, S.H. Baba Nanak in Persian sources. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 112–17. Attar Singh. Guru Nanak as creative artist. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 43–44. Bahri, S.R. Guru Nanak: The prophet of equality and emancipation. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 170–82. Bain, S.S. Babar calling on Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 37(407), Nov 1987, 39–41. Bakshi, Dilip Singh. Guru Nanak’s luminous mind. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 31. Also in Lok Rajya, 25(14), 4 Nov 1969, 21–22. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mitra. Guru Nanak Dev. Vol. 8 of Saints of India. New Delhi: Clarion Press, 2002. Bal, S.S. Guru Nanak establishing the Panth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1985, 23–31. Bal, S.S. Guru Nanak in the eyes of non-Sikhs. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 168p. Bal, S.S. Historical background for understanding Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 6–14. Balbir Singh. Guru Nanak lectures 1970–71: Some aspects of Guru Nanak’s mission. Madras: Madras University, 1971. 320p. Baldev Singh. Guru Nanak and the universe. Spokesman Weekly, 21(32), 24 Apr 1972, 3–4. Banerjee, Himadri. Guru Nanak in Bengali literature. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 52–65.

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Dharam Paul. Guru Nanak: The savior, the preacher. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 43–44 and 46. Dharam Paul. Two glimpses of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 46. Dharamavira. Guru Nanak: The national saviour. Organizer, 23(24), 24 Jun 1970, 9. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and the institutionalization of Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 35–42. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and the Lodhis. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s assessment of Muslim rule in India. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 41–50. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s response to war and violence. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 154–66. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Political attitude of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 43–59. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Socio-political implications of Guru Nanak’s message. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), 2000, 19–30. Dhillon, Sulakhan Singh. Guru Nanak’s mind and historical research. Sikh Review, 49(11), Nov 2001, 9–18; 50(3), Mar 2002, 11–18; and 51(6), June 2003, 13–22. Dhyan Singh. Did Guru Nanak have a human Guru? Sikh Review, 22(247), Jul 1974, 10–12. Dhyan Singh. Scientists say what Guru Nanak said ﬁve centuries ago. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 59. Dosanj, S.J. Punjab of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 22(250), Oct 1974, 4–6. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Social and political concepts of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 43–46 and 55–57. Also in Sikh Review, 22 (254–55), Feb– May 1975, 44–60. Duggal, K.S. Select Sikh scriptures, No. 1: Guru Nanak. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1997. Fauja Singh. Distinctive creed of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(18), 29 Dec 1969, 4 and 10. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and social commitment. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 23–24. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and the Sikh religion. Spokesman Weekly, 18(45), Jul 1969, 5–6. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and the social problem. In Harbans Singh, Ed.: Perspectives of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 141–50. Fauja Singh and A.C. Arora, Eds. Papers on Guru Nanak: Proceedings of Punjab history Conference, 4th Session, 1969. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 224 p. Field, Dorothy. Baba Nanak: The ﬁrst Sikh Guru. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 207– 210. Forster, George. Nanak, the founder of Sikh nation. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 207–210.

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Gajindar Singh. Guru Nanak’s war on superstition. Sikh Review, 51(7), Jul 2003, 30–34. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak and the Nanak Panthis. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 45–53. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak: A bibliography. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 425–44. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on history. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 5–15. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 413–23. Ganda Singh. Indian society as Guru Nanak found it. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 5–9. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Nanak and the bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 29(46), 14 Jul, 1980, 5; and 31(26), 8 Mar 1982, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Place of Guru Nanak in history. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 33–35. Gargi, Balwant. Guru Nanak as the artists see him. Illustrated Weekly of India, 90(47), 23 Nov 1969, 21–23. Gill, Harjit Singh. Baba Nanak. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 2003. 188p. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Guru Nanak’ s theory of the intellectuals. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(2), Aug 1997, 25–30. Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and his relevance to modern society. Spokesman Weekly, 30(6), 6 Oct 1980, 5–6. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak’s relevance to our time. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 1–14. Gough, Charles and Arthur D. Innes. Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(12), 1969, 188–89. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak and patriarchy. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1993. 47p. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak in history. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 348p. Grewal, J.S. and S.S. Bal. Guru Nanak: A homage. New Delhi: 1973. Grewal, P.S. Nanak’s doctrine and the federalization of the Sikh Gurudom. Social Scientist, 11(5), 1983, 16. Gulati, Kailash Chandra. Guru Nanak: Herald of new renaissance. Organizer, 23(15), 22 Nov 1969, 8. Guleria, J.S. Guru Nanak: The continuing reality. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 23–24. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(4), Mar 1984, 11–14. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Nanak: The harbinger of peace and harmony. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 34. Gurbux Singh. Persian writings of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 104–112. Gurbux Singh. The role of Guru Nanak in history. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 195–206.

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Gurmit Singh. Guru Nanak: A true socialist. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jan 1969, 5–8. Gurmit Singh. Shifting the myth from history of Guru Nanak’s relationship with the Lodhis and the Mughals. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1983. Gurmit Singh. Guru Nanak’s relationship with the Lodhis and the Mughals. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1987. 210p. Gurmukh Nihal Singh. Guru Nanak: An apostle of peace. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 23–24. Gurmukh Singh. When Guru Nanak confronted terrorism. Sikh Review, 50(8), Aug 2002, 27–30. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak and medieval bhakatas. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 2–4. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The mirror of medieval India. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 295–98. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The great redeemer. Sikh Review 20(238), Nov 1972, 2–5. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: A man of supreme wisdom and common sense. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 13–16. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of peace and harmony. Nairobi: E.A. Ramgarhia Board, 1939. 7p. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak’s contemporaries. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 22–25. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: His status and salience. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 5–13. Gurtej Singh. Political ideas of Guru Nanak: The originator of the Sikh faith. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 61–70. Guru Nanak. Founder of Sikhism and Holy Golden Temple history and splendour. St. Catherines, Ontario: Punjabi Sahit Sabha, 1977. 16p. Hafeez Malik. An appreciation of Guru Nanak in Iqbal’s poetry. Studies in Islam, 5(2–3), Apr– Jul, 1968, 146–60. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak and origins of the Sikh faith. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1969. 247p. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak as historical memory and continuing reality in Sikh tradition. Journal of Religious Studies, 3(2), Aut 1971, 1–21. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 47–70. Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 549p. Harbhajan Singh. A unique event in the history of mankind: Guru Nanak: A prophet of love. Panchbati Sandesh, 8(4), Apr 1986, 5–8. Harkishan Singh. Guru Nanak’s approach to education.Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 5–35. Harnam Dass. Guru Nanak: Prophet of universal love. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 31 and 61. Harnam Dass. The religious, the sacred and the holy Guru Nanak and secularism. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 30–44.

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Harned, David, B. Guru Nanak and secularisation. Spokesman Weekly, Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 27–32. Harpreet Kaur. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikh commonwealth. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11– 12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 17–18. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on Indian social and economic life. Sikh Review, 20(255), Apr 1972, 5–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 28(7), 9 Oct 1978, 5. Hein, Norvin. Guru Nanak’s comment on the Vaishnava Lila. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspective on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 493–501. Hukam Singh. Religion in the age of science and Guru Nanak’s message. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 19–20. Ibbetson, Denzil and Edward D. Maclagan. Life of Nanak and the Sikh order. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 211–13. Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997. 175p. Ishar Singh. Crisis of our world and the remedy prescribed by Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 15–17. Ishar Singh. Guru Nanak and religion. Spokesman Weekly, 26(23), 14 Sep 1977, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 25(282), Jun 1977, 37–42. Ishar Singh. Guru Nanak: Apostle of peace and unity. Spokesman Weekly, 36(11), Guru Nanak Number 1986, 7–9. Iyengar, K.R. Srinivasa. Guru Nanak: A homage. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy, 1973. 304p. James, William Milbourne. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 169–70. Jassal, Bhag. Guru Nanak: The great humanist. Sikh Review, 18(193), Aug 1969, 32–36. Jhangiani, S.M. National integration and Guru Nanak. Amity and Solidarity, 1, Jun 1986, 19–20. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Guru Nanak lectures. Madras: Madras University, 1969. 64p. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak and the scientiﬁc age. Young Sikh Review, Nov 1981, 13–17. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on history. Sikh Review, 50(11), Nov 2002, 17–19. Jogindra Singh and Daljit Singh. Great humanist Guru Nanak. Patiala: Language Department, 1970. 160p. Joshi, E.M. Siddha tradition before Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 45–72. Juneja, Amrit. Conception and aims of education according to Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 43–45. Kalra, Mohan Singh. Guru Nanak and bhakti movement. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 5–8. Kamlaakali (Pseudonym), Lal Singh. Guru Nanak and his Sikhs. Amritsar: J.S. & J.S., n.d. Kanwaljit Singh. Guru Nanak and salvation for all. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Kapur, K.L. Guru Nanak: A modern prophet. Sikh Review, 22(247), Jul 1974, 5–6.

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Kapur, Prithipal Singh. The uniqueness of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(1), 2001, 21–24. Kapur, Prithipal Singh and Sewa Ram Singh, Eds. The divine master: Life and teachings of Guru Nanak. Jalandhar: ABS Publications, 1988. 222p. Kapur Singh. Contribution of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 25p. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak and the civil servant. Sikh Review, 29(219), Feb 1972, 4–11. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak: The founder of a world religion. Sikh Review, 23(245–246), Feb– Mar 1975, 5–10; and 29(328), Apr 1981, 5–11. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 9–16. Kazmi, Z. Hassan. Guru Nanak: Apostle of harmony and happiness. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 70–71. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Nanak: Advocate of communal concord. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13– 14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 25. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Nanak and world peace. Spokesman Weekly, 9(12–13), 1972, 25. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Guru Nanak on economic problems. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 21–24. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 30(10), 3 Nov 1980, 5 & 8. Kharak Singh. Guru Nanak in history of religious thought. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 72–90. Khushwant, Singh. Religion of the Sikh: Spiritual inheritance and the life of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 12–20. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak: A document bibliography. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980. 5 Vols. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak and bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 19–20 and 38. Kuldip Singh. Guru Nanak and his mission. Ludhiana: Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Educational Trust, 2003. 186p. Lakhana, M.P. Guru Nanak: A unique experiment. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 34–42. Lalvani, Kartar Singh. Nanak: The Indian mystic. Sikh Courier, 10(1), Win 1979–Spr 1980. 17–23. Lamba, Jagjit Kaur. Guru Nanak: Messenger of goodwill. Sikh Review, 23(263), Nov 1975, 44–45. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak and Indian religious traditions. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 26– 46. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 24–33. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak’s medium of communication: An experiment in the development of Punjabi language. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 133–53. Madanjit Kaur. Social vision of Guru Nanak: Prelude to new social order. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 86–112.

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Majumdar, R.C. Guru Nanak’s impact on Indian history. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 169–74. Malcolm, John. Nanak Shah: Founder of Sikh religion. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 105–113. Malhotra, Avtar Singh. Guru Nanak: A humanist. Contemporary Indian Literature, 10(1), Jan–Mar 1970, 8–9, 25. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and modern society. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 21–22; and 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 25–26. Also in Sikh Review, 17(104), Nov 1968, 6–10. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of love. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1977. 20p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and Indian society. Sikh Review, 24(243), Feb–Mar 1974, 70–76. Massey, James. Guru Nanak and composite Indian culture. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), 1995, 110–16. McLeod, W.H. Guru Nanak and the Sikh religion. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998. 259p. McGregor, W.L. History of Gooroo Nanak. Panjab Past and Present. 3(1–2), 1969, 122–32. Mehta, Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak: A prophet of love, unity and peace. Sikh Review, 34(395), Nov 1986, 5–8. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 8(4), Apr 1986, 9–12. Morgan, Kenneth W. World situation during Guru Nanak’s times. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct– Nov 1969, 6–8. Mujeeb, M. Originality of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 15–20. Murray, W.M., et al. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 133–41. Muhammad Iqbal. Founder of Sikhism: Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 255–57. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak re-interpreted. Amritsar: The author, 1965. 428p. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak and his images. Amritsar: The author, 1969. 2 Vols. Narang, Gokal Chand. Spiritual emancipation by Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 3(1–2), 1969, 177–206. Narayanan, K.R. Guru Nanak and his Sikhs are pride of India. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), 1993, 9–12. Navkiran Pal Kaur. Guru Nanak: The great sociologist. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1999, 83–87. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak’s healing touch. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 27. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Thus spoke Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 26(61), Spr–Sum 1986, 2–4. Nesbitt, R.B. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Ph.D. Thesis. Columbia University, 1927. Nirvikar Singh. Guru Nanak and the ‘Sants’: A reappraisal. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 8(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 1–34.

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Panesar, Rajinder Singh. Guru Nanak and Sikhism. North ManKato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2003. 48p. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak: Builder of humanity. Sikh Review, 16(173), Dec 1967, 30–32. Pooran Singh. Guru Nanak’s Rabab. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 30–34. Preetam Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on politics: Inter-relationship of religion and politics. Sikh Messenger, Aut 1985, 14–21. Pritam Kaur. Guru Nanak and the institution of beggary. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 45–46. Pritam Singh. India’s debt to Guru Nanak. Journal of Religious Studies, 11(1–2), Spr–Aut 1983, 1–4. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 7–4 Apr 1985, 5–8; and Sikh Review, 35(404), Aug 1987, 5–7. Puri, Sunita. Socio-political content of Guru Nanak’s thought. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Raghavachar, S.S. The perspective of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 489–92. Radhakrishnan, S. Guru Nanak Dev: An introduction. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 1–3. Raghavan, A. Srinivasa., Ed. Seminar on Guru Nanak: Papers presented at the seminar on 6 Feb 1970. Madurai: Madurai University, 1974. 85p. Raghubir Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s approach and attitude to the socio-religious problems of the period. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), Aug 1996, 17–25. Rahman, Mojibur. Guru Nanak: A rare ﬂower of humanity. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 5–14. Rajinder Singh. War scared world and Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rakesh Roshan and Ravish Chandra. Guru Nanak’s social awareness: Its origin and growth. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35thsession, Mar 2003, 207–209. Ralhan, O.P., Ed. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. Vol. 1: Guru Nanak Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 291p. Rao, K.L. Sheshagiri. Guru Nanak and the Vedantic tradition. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rao, R.N. Guru Nanak and his message. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rezavi, S. Ali Nadeem. A visit to the tomb of Guru Nanak, before 1647 (from Surat Singh, Tazkira Pir Hassu Teli.). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 85–89. Samsher Singh. Religion of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 41–43. Sangat Singh. Guru Nanak in history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(2), 1994, 74–86. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories II: (Guru Nanak Dev Ji). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. 85p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Guru Nanak’s place in the world of religions. Spokesman Weekly, 18(26), 17 Feb 1969, 5 and 10.

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Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Nanak and the world peace. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, n.d. Sarna, Navtej. The book of Nanak. New Delhi: Viking, 2003. 150p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Nanak today: An anthology. Jandiala: Guru Gobind Singh Republic College, 1970. 134p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to Punjabi language and literature. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 236–48. Shackle, C.A. Guru Nanak glossary. New Delhi: Heritage, 1981. 276p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Directives of Guru Nanak Dev. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 167–82. Shan, Harnam Singh. Founder of Sikhism: Guru Nanak Dev. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 16(1), 1997, 5–44. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution towards human peace and prosperity. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 92–112. Shan, Harnam Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak in his own words. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1970. 120p. Shanta Sarabjeet Singh. Nanak: The Guru. New Delhi: Orient Longmans, 1970. 174p. Sidhu, Baljit Kaur. Guru Nanak: The revolutionary. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 15–17. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Sing song unto Guru Nanak. Ludhiana: Sikka Publishing House, 1995. 72p. Singh, D.P. Guru Nanak: A science in his spirituality. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr– Jun 2001, 37–40. Sobti, Harcharan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and the concept of composite culture. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), 1996, 63–72. Soch, H.S. and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 233p. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Nanak: An electric Arahant. Sikh Review, 31(351), Mar 1984, 11–35. Sohal, Harminder Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to Indian music. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1989. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak and his contemporary bhaktas. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 65-79. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1983, 105–37. Suraj Bhan. Guru Nanak: A path ﬁnder for humanity. Sikh Review, 35(407), Nov 1987, 15–17. Surma, M.S. Guru Nanak: The apostle of love.. Amritsar: Jawahar Singh Kirpal Singh, 1971. 82p. 2nd Ed. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak and national integration. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 5–10. Also in Gurbachan Singh and Manjit Inder Singh, Ed. Professor G. S. Talib: A perspective. Delhi: Professor Talib Memorial Trust, 1987, pp. 120–26. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak commemorative volume. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1991. 260p.

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Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: His personality and vision. Delhi: Gurdas Kapur, 1969. 327p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: A study of his creed. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 26–53. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev’s vision of history. Journal of Religious Studies, 8(1), Spr 1980, 1–17. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(1), Jun 15, 1980, 16–25; and Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 18–32. Tara Chand. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 229–37. Taran Singh. Guru Nanak and the bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 57. Taran Singh. Role of Guru Nanak in the context of Indian cultural scene of his time. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 22–25. Taran Singh. The sermon at Sultanpur. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 482–88. Taran Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak and Indian religious thought. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 243p. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak and his mission. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 153–62. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 30(37), 11 May 1981, 5–6. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak and his religion in his own words. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 271–80. Tejpal Singh. Sri Guru Nanak Dev: The saviour of humanity. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 17(1), 1998, 69–78. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Prophet and founder of Sikhism.Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), 1992, 90–103. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Roof of the world. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 86–95. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak’s religion. Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan, 1969. 340p. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: Apostle of the inﬁnite. Spokesman Weekly, 35(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1985, 18. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak’s call to modern India. Amritsar: Coronation Printing Works, n.d. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak practiced what he preached. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 9–10. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: Prophet of peace and harmony. Sikh Review, 22(251), Nov 1974, 5–9. Vir Singh (Bhai), et al. Cherished events of the life of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Founder of the Sikh religion. Gaithersburg, MD: Washington Sikh Center/Sikh Youth Forum, 1989. 119p. Wadia, A.R. Guru Nanak to the Guru Granth. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 521–23. Walia, Jasjit Singh. Portraits of Guru Nanak Dev: What does it take to be a Sikh? Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 19–25. Also in Sikh Courier, 37(83), Sum–Spr 1997, 3–6. Wylam, P.M. Guru Nanak: The parallel reformations. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 447–64.

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2.1.1. Biography Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: His life and message. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 5–10. Albers, A. Christina. Om Guru Nanak: The life of great Indian saint written in meter. Howrah: Jagriti Printing Works, 1945. 94p. Arora, Raj Kumar. Guru Nanak’s date of birth. Sikh Review, 17(183), Oct 1968, 41–46. Bal, Sarjit Singh. Life of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1970. 285p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak and the problems of his age. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 465–81. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. Patiala: Punjab University, 1971. 245p. Bedi, P.L. Guru Baba Nanak. New Delhi: New Light Publishers, 1971. 176p. Bhag Singh. Birth of Sikhism and life of Guru Nanak. Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov, 5–14. Crawford, Q. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present; 3(1–2), 1969, 100–01. Creagh, O. Moore. Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 224–28. Cunningham, Joseph Davy. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 149–56. Dalal, Ramchandra Bhagwan Rao. Life and message of Guru Nanak. Modern Review, 127(2), Aug 1970, 125–31. Daljit Singh. Guru Nanak. Ludhiana: Guru Nanak Mission Society, 1971. 257p. Francis, Eric. Guru Nanak. Bombay: Purohit & Sons, 1970. 120p. Ganda Singh, Ed. Source book on Guru Nanak’s life and teachings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 444p. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1968. 134p. 2nd Ed. Greenles, Duncan. Guru Nanak-I. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 281–94. Gregarious, Bishop. Guru Nanak: 1469–1538. A.D. 1969. Gurbachan Singh. Practical life of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 29(9–10), Guru Nanak Number 1979, 29–31. Gupta, Hari Ram. Life sketch of Guru Nanak. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 26–53. Gupta, Hari Ram. Life sketch of Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Publishing House, 1968. 32p. Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981. 305p. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Guru Nanak: Prophet of harmony in faith. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 19–31. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 62p. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 15–20.

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Hoon, V.N. Advent of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 5–13. India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Guru Nanak. New Delhi: The author, 1969. 224p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Age of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1978, 23–6. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak: A biography. Jullandur: New Book Co., 1969. 259p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Life story of Guru Nanak . National Book Shop, 2004. 228p. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 5–31. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Date of birth of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 39–40. Khushwant Singh. Birth of Sikhism and life of Guru Nanak. Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov 1969, 5–14. Kinnaid, C.A. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 249–52. Kirpal Singh. Account of Guru Nanak in Mehma Prakash. Spokesman Weekly, 23(10), 22 Oct 1973, 5–8. Leidecker, Kurt F. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 258–62. Madanjit Kaur and Piar Singh. Guru Nanak’s life and thought. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001. 200p. 2nd Ed. Mahapaty. Story of Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 88–89. Manmohan Singh. Life of Shri Guru Nanak, Japji and Asa di Var. Dehradun: Jiwan Singh, 1972. 105 + 58p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Life of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1974. 137p. McLeod, W.H. The life of Guru Nanak. In Donald S. Lopez, Ed. Religions of India in practice. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 449–61. McLeod, W.H. Procedures in analyzing the sources for the life of Guru Nanak. Journal of Indian History, Apr 1968, 207–27. Mrigendra Singh. Miraculous Guru Nanak. New York: Robert Spencer & Sons, 1977. Nanak: A sketch of his life and teachings. Madras, G.A. Nateson, n.d. ( Saints of India series). Nanak Prakash. Nairobi, Sikh Students Federation, 1969. 194p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Historical scrutiny of Guru Nanak Dev’s date of birth. Spokesman Weekly, 27(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 43. Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s childhood. Spokesman Weekly, 28(51), 20 Aug 1979, 6. Raghavachar, S.S. and K.B. Ramakrishna Rao, Eds. Guru Nanak: His life and teachings. Mysore: Mysore University, 1971. 83p. Raman, B.V. Horoscope of Guru Nanak: A study. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 345– 48. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 64p.

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Shamsher Singh and Narendra Singh Virdi. Life of Guru Nanak through pictures. Amritsar: Modern Sahitya Academy, 1969. 92p. Sher Singh. Guru Nanak: The saviour of the world (1469–1538 A.D.). Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, 1935. 49p. Singh, K. Nanak, my master: Gleanings from the life of Guru Nanak Dev. Bangkok: Guru Singh Sabha, 1969. 168p. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak: A brief biography. Ludhiana: Lyall, 1968. 132p. Talib, G.S. Guru Nanak: A study of his creed. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 16–23. Tiwari, V.N. Life of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: NCERT, 1990. 48p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism—A biography. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1969. 510p. Ujagar Singh. The story of Guru Nanak, translated by M.C. Sharma. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 38p. Vaidya, G.M. Guru Nanak. Poona: Vidarbha Marathwada, 1965. 318p. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak. Poona: Gita Publishing House, 1970. 54p. 2.1.2. Janamsakhis Dosanj, S.S. and Uttam Singh. A dated Janam Sakhi of Guru Nanak. Roopa-Lekha (New Delhi), 39(1), 1971, 7–12. Gurbachan Kaur. Janam Sakhi of Bhai Bala: Authentic text and critical editing. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1978. Gurpreet Kaur. An attempt to account for the popularity of Bhai Bala Janamsakhi. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Hans, Surjit S. Bala Janamsakhis in relation to Janamsakhi Handal. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 95–102. Hans, Surjit S. The Mehrban Janamsakhi. In J. S. Grewal, Ed. Studies in local and regional history. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1974, pp. 86–108. Hans, Surjit S. The unorthodox Janamsakhis. In his A reconstruction of Sikh history from Sikh art. Jalandhar: ABS Publications, 1988, pp. 198–220. Hans, Surjit S., Ed. B-40 Janamsakhi Guru Baba Nanak paintings. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987. 57p. Harpreet Kaur. Critical analysis of B-40 Janamsakhi paintings. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989. Jagjit Singh. Critical and comparative study of the Janamsakhis of Guru Nanak up to the middle of the eighteenth century. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1967. 485p. Jagjit Singh, K. Janam Sakhis as seen by McLeod. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 16–20. Janamsakhi. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 1: 265–66.

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Janam Sakhi or the biography of Guru Nanak. Dehradun: Survey of India, 1985. Kahlon, Gurbachan Kaur. Social and religious conditions as reﬂected in the Janamsakhis of the 17th century. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1979. Khushwant, Singh. Guru Nanak in Janam Sakhi paintings. Times of India Annual, 1971, 51–56. Kirpal Singh. An historical perspective of the Janamsakhis. Sikh Courier, 30(69), Spr–Sum 1990, 16–18. Kirpal Singh. Impact of Colebrook’s Janamsakhi on history of Sikhs. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1996, 55–60. Kirpal Singh. Nanak Parkash and Bhai Bala’s Janamsakhi. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 34th session, Mar 2002, 107–111. Kirpal Singh. A study of manuscript Janamsakhi in the old India Ofﬁce Library. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 87–95. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Janam Sakhis and their value and importance. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 301–316. McLeod, W.H. The B40 Janama-sakhi. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980. 271p. McLeod, W.H. Early Sikh tradition: A study of the Janam-Sakhis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. 317p. McLeod, W.H. Janam Sakhi. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 337– 40. McLeod, W.H. The Janam-Sakhis. In his The evolution of the Sikh community: Five essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. McLeod, W.H. The Janam-Sakhis as source of Punjab history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 109–21. Mohan Singh. An illustrated Janamsakhi in Guler style. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 96–105. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of ultimate reality: presentation of the primal paradox in the Puratan Janamsakhi. Sikh Review, 38(6), Jun 1990, 12–20. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. The myth of the founder: The Janamsakhis and Sikh tradition. History of Religions, 31(4), 1992, 329–43. Rai Jasbir Singh. The earlier Janamsakhis: A statistical study. Journal of Regional History, 3, 1995, 11–20. Saber, Jasbir Singh. Gian Ratnavali, Janma Sakhi Sri Guru Nanak Dev jee, editing and textual study. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. Sagar, S.S. Ernest Trumpp on Janamsakhi. Journal of Sikh Studies, 19, 1995, 47–54. Sagar, S.S. A study of Janamsakhi scholarship. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(2), Aug 1987, 47–68. Sohanpaal, Jesie. Preparing to read Sikh Janam—Sakhian: A study in myth, history and hagiography. In Garry W. Tromp and Gildas Hamel, Eds. The world religions. Delhi: ISPCK, 2002, pp. 206–225.

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Surjit Singh. A study of Hew McLeod’s methodology as employed in his work “The evolution of the Sikh community: The Janam Sakhis”. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 317–25.

2.1.3. Philosophy Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Nanak and the modern value pattern. Spokesman Weekly, 25(14), 24 Nov 1975, 5. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak: Religion and ethics. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 65p. Anand, Mulk Raj. Guru Nanak’s concept of man. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 51–54. Ansari, A.H. Guru Nanak’s view of God. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 13–19. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(26), 9 Mar 1987, 3–4, 11. Antony, S.V. Socio-cultural vision of Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 38–43. Attar Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of religious humanism. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 16–24. Also in H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 47–59. Aurora, Balbir Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 43(5), May 1995, 8–12. Avtar Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 16–21. Bains, Santokh Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 53–4. Bajaj, S.K. Social philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 36(5), 29 Sep 1986, 3–4. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 218–24. Balasubramanyam. Guru Nanak: Practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 41–2. Banerjee, Hiranmay. Guru Nanak’s message of live and love. Sikh Review, 23(263), Nov 1975, 23–4. Bedi, G.S. Guru Nanak’s Sikhism and world peace. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 73. Bhandari, Girish. Guru Nanak’s legacy of enlightenment. Sikh Review, 51(11), Nov 2003, 29–31. Bhandari, Gurdip Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of cosmology. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 57–64. Bhatti, Surjit Singh. Rationalism of Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 16(174), Mar 1968, 7–8. Buddha Prakash. The concept of Maya in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 71–75. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Essentiality and relevance of Guru Nanak’s ideology. Sikh Review, 50(9), Sept 2002, 15–23.

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Chawla, Surjit Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(1), 2000, 128–49. Chethimattam, John B. The secular religion of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 136–40. Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev’s conception of same society. Jullundur: The author, n.d. 15p. Daljit Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Journal of Religious Studies, 2(1), Aut 1970, 96–101. Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of life. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 54. Das, Sunil Kumar. Guru Nanak’s concept of the ﬁnite self. Sikh Review, 18(201), Aug 1970, 33–34. Datta, C.L. Concept of Guru in Guru Nanak’s philosophy.Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 199–203. Datta, C.L. Concept of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Spokesman Weekly, 20(43), 5 Jul 1971, 5; and 24(19), 3 Feb 1975, 5. Dawe, Donald G. Relevance of Guru Nanak philosophy in modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 147–48. Also in Sikh Review, 18(202), Sep 1970, 20–21. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak and nature mysticism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 1–6. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Haumai. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(2), Aug 1982, 5–8. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s love mysticism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 5–8. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s and the mystic concept of Nam. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 43–48. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s view of Godhead. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(1–2), Aug 1983, 1–4. Dewan Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1973. Dewan Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1995. 117p. Dhar, Satish Kumar. Origin of Guru Nanak’s mystical philosophy. Sikh Review, 20(219), Feb 1972, 25–26. Dharam Singh. Guru Nanak’s theory of truth. Spokesman Weekly, 35(28), 10 Mar 1986, 4. Dharamanant Singh. The Vismad yoga of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 9–13. Dhillon, J.K. Guru Nanak’s concept of values. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 49–58. Dhillon, Sulakhan Singh. Possible sources of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 1–8. Gill, Jaswinder Kaur. Guru Nanak’s concept of values. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1978. Gill, Pritam Singh. Doctrine of Guru Nanak. Jullundur: New Book Co., 1969. 182p. Gill, Ratan Singh. Guru Nanak’s idea of growth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 9–14; and 6(2), Aug 1979, 60–65.

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Grewal, Baljit Singh. Pages from philosophy of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 17–18. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak and patriarchy. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 1–19. Guleria, J.S. Guru Nanak and his mysticism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 13–16. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 29(34), 21 Apr 1980, 3–4. Guninder Kaur. Guru Nanak’s vision of universal religion. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 11–21. Gupta, B.S. Guru Nanak’s concept of Yoga. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 13. Gupta, B.S. Guru Nanak’s socio-spiritual vision. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), Annual Number 1983, 15–16. Gupta, O.P. Mystical vision of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1983, 15–25. Gurdip Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of microcosm and macrocosm. Sikh Review, 23(259), Jul 1975, 24–28. Harbans Singh. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(15), 6 Dec 1971, 5; 27(2), 29 Aug 1977, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 29(296), Aug 1978, 18–19. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of God. Sachkhand Patra, Nov 1986, 2–4. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 25. Harbans Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 21–26. Harnam Dass. Guru Nanak’s conception of man. Sikh Review, 20(222), May 1972, 18–20. Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of divine life. Chandigarh: Juneja Publications, 1969. 150p. Inderpal Singh. Dimensions of the global vision of Guru Nanak. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 1–5. Ishar Singh. Nanakism: A new world order, temporal and spiritual. New Delhi: Ranjit Publishing House, 1976. 288p. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: Atlantic Publications, 1985. 2 Vols. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak: A comparative study. New Delhi: Ranjit Publishing House, 1969. 274p. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak and the path followed by Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 11–14. Jaswant Singh. Guru Nanak’s mission of the cosmic fear. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Mar 1980, 39–41. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of man and Surat-Shatrad Yoga. Spokesman Weekly, Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 23–25. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Jun 1979, 26–28; and Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 78–84. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Sabad as Guru. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 37–51. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 63–76.

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Jodh Singh. Religious and philosophical thought of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 1–11. Jodh Singh. The religious philosophy of Guru Nanak. Varanasi: Sikh Philosophical Society, 1983. 284p. Kalsy, Gurubax. Guru Nanak’s concept of Brahm. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1976. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of nature. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 45–56. Khak, K.S. Guru Nanak’s concept of Nam. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1976. Khosla, G.S. Guru Nanak’s conception of the origin of the universe. Sikh Review, 24(271), Jul 1976, 37–41. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Ethics of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 27(41), 5 Jun 1978, 5–6. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of the ultimate reality. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 105–09. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 200p. Mahmud-ul-Hasan. Guru Nanak’s concept of man. Islam and the Modern Age, 7(3), Aug 1976, 53–64. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and open society. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 28–32. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of aesthetics. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 22–25. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 12–20. Meharban Singh. A study of educational philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev ji and its implications. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1996. 277p. Mehta, Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak’s personal experience of God. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 26–29. Also in Panchbati Sandesh. 3(4), Apr 1981, 42–46. Mohan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev looks at universe. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding 4(2), Sep 1982, 18–19. Mrigendra Singh (Raja). Guru Nanak’s doctrine of Nama. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Munshi, K.M. Guru Nanak: A practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 16. Narang, Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak and his doctrine of love. Spokesman Weekly, 18(14), 18 Nov 1968, 5. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak’s view of life. Amritsar: The author, 1969. 477p. Neki, J.S. Humour and spirituality: Guru Nanak style. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 32–41. Nizami, K.A. Some social and religious ideals of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 151–54.

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Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of the transcendent and modern Sikh literary sensibility. Ph.D. Thesis. Temple University, 1986. Pritam Kaur. Guru Nanak on sin. Sikh Review, 21(236), Jul 1973, 17–21; 21(237), Aug 1973, 48–51; 21(238); Sep 1973, 52–6; and 21(239), Oct 1973, 45–7. Raghbir Singh. Guru Nanak on divine grace. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 22–27. Raina, Amrit Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev ji. Chandigarh: Lok Geet Prakashan, 2001. 136p. Rangra, V.K. Guru Nanak’s musical path to Ananda. Sikh Review, 51(5), May 2003, 11–12. Rao, K.L. Seshagiri. Guru Nanak and the concept of Nam. Spokesman Weekly, 26(33), 25 Apr 1977, 5; and 30(8), 20 Oct 1980, 4. Rattan, Sukhdev Singh. Guru Nanak: A great philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 61–2. Ray, Niharranjan. Concept of Sahaj in Guru Nanak’s theology and its anecdotes. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 23–28. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 20–33. Rhode, S.S. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(27), 9 Mar 1970, 5–10. Roy, P.K. Grounds for believing in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 12–16. Sagar, S.S. Guru Nanak’s social vision. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), Aug 1996, 1–4. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Problem of life: How Guru Nanak solved it. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1919. 46p. Sehgal, Manmohan. Philosophical basis of Guru Nanak’s literature. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1962. Sheshadri, K. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–3), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 25–6. Shashi Bala. Guru Nanak apostle of spiritual transformation. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(1), Aug 1986, 5–10. Shan, Harnam Singh. God as known to Guru Nanak. Delhi: Guru Nanak Vidya Bhandar Trust, 1971. 100p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s moral code as reﬂected in his hymns. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1970. 96p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Humanism of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 50(2), Feb 2002, 17–30. Sharma, Harbans Lal. Concept of Jiva of Guru Nanak against the background of different Indian schools of philosophy and religions. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1971. Sher Singh, Tr. Guru Nanak and the malady of man. New Delhi: Sterling, 1968. 77p. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Concept of mind in Guru Nanak’s poetry. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, n.d. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Facets of Guru Nanak’s thought. Ludhiana: Bee Kay Publication, 1972. 156p.

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Sikka, Ajit Singh. Philosophy of mind in the poetry of Guru Nanak. A comparative study with the European philosophy. Ludhiana: Bee Kay Publication, 1973. 200p. Singh, D.P. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of social change. Sikh Review, 48(11), Nov 2000, 39–31. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Nanak and cosmo centric living. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 14–5. Sodhi, T.S. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, March 1994, 76–86. Sohan Singh. Ethical aspect of Guru Nanak’s thought. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 155–63. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 1–9. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of social order. Spokesman Weekly, 32(31), 4 Apr 1983, 4–5. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 23. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhakti in Guru Nanak’s creed. Spokesman Weekly, 37(17), 18 Jan 1988, 3–4. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of education. Spokesman Weekly, 27(8). 17 Oct 1977, 5. Trilochan Singh. Ethical philosophy of Guru Nanak. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1973. 72p. Trilochan Singh. True humanism of Guru Nanak. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 43p. Tripathi, R.K. Guru Nanak and his thought. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 1–12. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: A practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 20(30), 29 Mar 1971, 5. Veena Kumari. Epistemology of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 210p. Vohra, Rabinder Singh. Existentialism and Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 20(23), Jun 1972, 32. Walia, Jasjit Singh. Guru Nanak’s pathway to spirituality. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Wazir Singh. Aspects of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1969. 194p. Wazir Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Maya. Spokesman Weekly, 36(51), 31, Aug 1987, 3–5. Wazir Singh. Guru Nanak’s theory of truth. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966. 8p. Wazir Singh. Hidden reality in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Spokesman Weekly, 18(5), 16 Sep 1968, 5, 8. Wazir Singh. Hierarchy of values in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Guru Nanak Udesh, 13(73), Oct–Nov 1985, 7–8. Wazir Singh. Humanism of Guru Nanak: A philosophic inquiry. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1977. 191p. Wazir Singh. Maya and Qudrat in Guru Nanak Bani. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 42–51. Wazir Singh. Philosophy of humanism in Guru Nanak’s compositions. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969.

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2.1.4. Poetry Barz, R.K. Pragmatic Bhakti in the poetry of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 21–30. Chand, Randhir Singh. Concept of yoga in poetry of Guru Nanak in the background of ancient Indian thought. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1971. Cheema, Mool Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 26(26), 7 Mar 1977, 3–4. Dey, Susnigdha. Poetry of Guru Nanak. Indian Horizons, 24(2–3), 1975, 103–08. Dey, Susnigdha. Guru Nanak as a poet. Indian Literature, 15(1), Mar 1972, 21–26. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of poetic hegemony. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1), Feb 1986, 1–4. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 55–56. Also in Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov 1969, 27–29. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 18(34), 21 Apr 1969, 5; and 26(19), 17 Jan 1977, 3–4. Gurcharan Singh. People’s poet: Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 61–62. Harbans Singh. Poetic vision of Guru Nanak. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(3), Jan 1982, 7–10. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 20(28), 15 Mar 1971, 5. Hazara Singh. Gospel through poetry. Sikh Review, 28(317), Mar 1980, 18–20. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1986, 9–12. Jasbir Kaur. The concept of individual and society in Guru Nanak’s poetry. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1973. Kaul, Krishan Kumar. Nanak: The poet of all ages. Thought, 21(47), 22 Nov 1969, 12. Khushwant Singh. Mystic poet and saviour. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 10. Khushwant Singh. Poetry of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 51(2), Feb 2003, 23–26. Kohli, S.M.S. Guru Nanak as a poet of nature. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sep 1979, 38. Maini, Darshan Singh. The poetry of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 381–91. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. The poetry of Guru Nanak. In Balkar Singh, Ed. Essential postulates of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1988, pp. 3–28. Mystery of Guru Nanak’s language. Sikh Review, 16(166), May 1967, 28–30. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Poetic rhythm and historical account: The portrait of Guru Nanak through Bhai Gurdas. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1998, 127–58. Prem, O.S. Guru Nanak and his mystic poetry. Sikh Courier, 10(1), Win 1979–Spr 1980, 4–6. Raghbir Singh. The concepts of Karma and transmigration as revealed in the poetry of Guru Nanak in the background of ancient and medieval Indian thought. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1972.

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Sachar, H.S. Poetic art of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1972. Sunder Singh. Concept of grace in the poetry of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1987. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Divine bard Guru Nanak viewed as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12– 13), 1969, 87–90. Taran Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1959. 2.1.5. Teachings Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 31–32. Anand, Balwant Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 63–64 & 66. Azad, Kirpal Singh. The great teacher: Guru Nanak. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 31–32. Bali, Saran Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak in practice. Spokesman Weekly, 19(29), 23 Mar 1970, 6. Balwant Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak in practice. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 49–50. Banerjee, Hiraymay. Guru Nanak’s message of life and love. Sikh Review, 35(398), Feb 1987, 3–4. Bawa, J.S. Alphabet of Guru Nanak’s teaching. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 21–22. Bhag Singh. Relevance of Guru Nanak’s teachings to the modern times. Sikh Review, 34(395), Nov 1986, 9–12. Bose, N.S. Guru Nanak preached unity of God and equality of man. Spokesman Weekly, 19(45), 20 Jan 1970, 5. Brear, A.D. Contribution of Guru Nanak’s teachings and of Sikh culture to a multicultural society. Sikh Bulletin, 13, 1996, 18–23. Chaddar, Mehar Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings and national integration. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 84. Chakravarty, Amiya. Guru Nanak and his message. Saintly relevance and challenge. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 428–46. Creagh, O. Moore. Culmination of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 3–4. Cunningham, J.D. Teachings of Nanak. In Darshan Singh, Ed. Western image of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1999, pp. 75–86. Dalip Singh. Basic teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 51–53. Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. Jullundur: Raj Publications, 1969. 418p. Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s mission and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 43–44.

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Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s gospel. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 43–44. Deol, G.S. Guru Nanak’s mission and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(39), 26 May 1969, 5 & 10. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak: His image and message. Sikh Review, 20(223), Jun 1972, 18–20. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak: His life and teachings. Singapore: Sikh Missionary Tract Society, 1940. 80p. Ganda Singh. Impact of Guru Nanak’s teachings on the life of his followers. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 32–80. Gopal Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 26(9), Guru Nanak Number 1976, 9. Guleria, J.S. Message of Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 16–19. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 21–22; and Spokesman Weekly, 29(15), 10 Dec 1979, 4. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings and modern science. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 33–45. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: His message. Illustrated Weekly of India, 95(39), 24 Nov 1974, 28–29. Harbans Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 16–21. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 11–12. Hira Singh. Guru Nanak’s message to students. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 5–7. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak as a teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 34. Jodh Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Publishing House, 1969. 26p. Jodh Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 1–20. Kanwaljit Singh. Universality of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 51(11), Nov 2003, 24–29. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Guru Nanak’s message of unity. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 14–16. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Guru Nanak’s message of oneness. Panchbati Sandesh, 9(3), Jan 1987, 25–27. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Universal relevance of Guru Nanak’s message. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(3), 1990, 1–15. Karam, J.J. Guru Nanak and his message. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 313–21. Kartar Singh. Guru Nanak Dev: Life and teachings. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1969. 352p. Kaul, Sheila. Guru Nanak’s message: Its relevance to our times. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 1–3. Khushdeva Singh. At the feet of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Guru Nanak Foundation Committee, 1969. 41p.

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Khushwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 19–22 & 44. Also in Sikh Review, 17(183), Oct 1968, 5–14. Lalvani, K.T. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 29(24), 11 Feb 1980, 5. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak in the context of Indian religious traditions and universalism of his teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1986, i–Lix. Madanjit Kaur. Theology of Guru Nanak Dev and universalism of his teachings. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 6–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak: World teacher. New Delhi: India Book House, 1968. 96p. Massey, Habil James. Guru Nanak Dev ji’s teachings in the context of inter-faith dialogue. Sikh Review, 51(5), May 2003, 19–23. McLeod, W.H. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 9–13. Mujeeb, M. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 24(26), 24 Mar 1975, 5. Nirankari, Man Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings: Its relevance today. Spokesman Weekly, 26(9), Guru Nanak Number 1976, 14. Onkar Singh. Spirit and message of Guru Nanak. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(3), Oct–Dec 2002, 3–4. Parman Singh. Guru Nanak’s dialogues with yogis. Sikh Review, 22(243), Feb–Mar 1974, 5–8. Parminder Singh. Relevance of Guru Nanak’s teachings in modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 19(24), Feb 16, 1970, 7 & 10. Prem, Onkar Singh. Guru Nanak: His preaching’s. Sikh Courier, 12(14). Sum 1985, 14–15. Premka Kaur. Message of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1978, 27–28. Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of teaching. Sikh Review, 18(200), Jul 1970, 23–27. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(47), Jul 26, 1976, 1976, 3–4. Puri, J.R. The mystic teachings of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 170–90. Puri, Sunita. Socio-political content of the teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 7(1), Apr 1988, 16–24. Rao, V.K.R.V. Guru Nanak: His thoughts and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 19(16), Dec 15, 1969, 7–8. Saﬁr, Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings, Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 49–50. Sahib Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. New Delhi: Lok Sahitya Prakashan, 2000. 376p. Sahib Singh and Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. Jullundur: Raj Publishers, 1969. 418p. Shamsher Singh. Universal teachings of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 57–58.

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Shan, Harnam Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 55–68; and 5(1), Apr 1986, 17–28. Singh, D.P. The scientiﬁc principle in Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 17–24. Soch, H.S. Essentials of Guru Nanak’s teachings. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 1–25. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(2), Apr 1979, 35–59. Suri, Pushpa. Guru Nanak’s teachings in the social context of his time. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 204–215. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: Spiritual and moral teacher. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 10–20. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s teaching in relation to the Indian spiritual tradition. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 223–68. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Study of the moral code of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 75p. Taran Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1977. 136p. Taran Singh. Sermon of Sultanpur. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 22–25. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1985, 15–17. Ujjal Singh. Guru Nanak: World teacher and philosopher. Sikh Review, 17(185), Dec 1968, 53–55. Vaswani, T.L. Gospel of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 26(11) Nov 22, 1976, 3–4; and 29(3– 4), Annual Number, 1979, 23–24. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: The world teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 9. Yadav, Kirpal Chander. Excellences of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 82. 2.1.6. Travels Amar Singh. Guru Nanak visit to Orissa. Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1991, 19–22. Amar Singh. Visit of Guru Nanak to Orissa. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(3), Jan 1985, 25–29. Arshi, Nirvair Singh. Guru Nanak in Baghdad. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 59. Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Uchasharif (Bhawalpur State), now in Pakistan. Spokesman Weekly, 18(2), 6 Jan 1969, 2. Chhabra, G.S. Guru Nanak’s travels. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 61–62. Daljit Singh. The Sun never sets: Guru Nanak in Baghdad. Sikh Review, 50(8), Aug 2002, 59–60. Fauja Singh and Kirpal Singh. Atlas: Travels of Guru Nanak. (English–Punjabi). Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 134p. 26 maps.

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Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak with Chaitanya at Puri. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 58–61. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak at Puri: How it came to be written? Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 28–30. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to West Asian countries. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 188–96. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Sri Lanka. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 34–41. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak Taposthan—Menchukha (Arunachal). Sikh Review, 35(407), Nov 1987, 45–47. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s travel to Himalayan and East Asia region: A new light. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1995. 160p. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s travel to Nepal. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 29–31. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak at Sultanpur: A note. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 106–111. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 41–42. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 197–203. Iqbal Singh. How did Guru Nanak Dev ji ‘turn around’ Mecca? Spokesman Weekly, Nov 2003, 33–35. Issar, N.S. Guru Nanak’s visit to Tibet. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 329–33. Kalra, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Uchsharif. Sikh Review, 18(188), Mar 1969, 11–12. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak and Ceylon. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 326–27. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak’s journey to Sri Lanka. Sikh Review, 45(11), Nov 1997, 30–31. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak visits Ceylon. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 84–85. Kirpal Singh. Did Guru Nanak go to Ceylon? Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 79–83. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak in Ladakh. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 325–26. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Ceylon. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 179–87. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Arabia. Organiser, 23(16), 29 Nov 1969, 11–12. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Uttrakhand. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 39. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Legendary journey of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(12–13), 1969, 129–30. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Sea journeys of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 43. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Travels of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 200p. Kulraj Singh. Baba goes East. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 47–57. Kulraj Singh. Baba goes North-West. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov, 1969, 103–12.

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Kulraj Singh. New light on Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 113–19. Ladha Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Eminabad. Spokesman Weekly, 19(8), 13 Oct 1969, 6. Manjeet Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 120–27. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Eastern India. Spokesman Weekly, 19(16), 15 Dec 1969, 6. Meerjani, K. Guru Nanak at Bhadrak. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 62–64. Mohan Singh. Baba goes South. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 68–78. Mohan Singh. Delving deep into Guru Nanak travels. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 55–56. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Travels and impact of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 29(9–10), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 43. Prakash Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Ceylon. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 35–37. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak at Banares. Spokesman Weekly, 16(19), 26 Dec 1966, 5–6. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak in Hardwar. Spokesman Weekly, 14(27), Mar 1 1965, 5. Rattan Kaur. Guru Nanak at Sultanpur. Spokesman Weekly, 16(1), Anniversary Number 1966, 63–64. Sagar, S.S. From travels of Guru Nanak to travel of Sikh tradition. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(2), 2003, 19–32. Sewaram Singh. Guru Nanak at Baghdad. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 340–43. Surma, M.S. Travels of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(46), 21 July 1969, 4; 18(47), 28 Jul 1969, 6–10; 19(2), 25 Aug 1969, 4; 19(3), 8 Sep 1969, 8; 19(5), 15 Sep 1969, 7; and 19(6), 22 Sep 1969, 6 & 11. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Bhadrak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Feb 1977, 147–65. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Cuttack. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1974, 127–44. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Dacca. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 117–29. Also in Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 29–33. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Kharagpur, Midnapur and Chanderkona. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 134–53. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Sasaram. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 177–84. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Maldah. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(1), Feb 1979, 163–67. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Jagannath Puri. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 17–29. Trilochan Singh. Probable routes followed by Guru Nanak. In Papers on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970, pp. 171–78.

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Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak visited Ceylon. Sikh Review, 35(398), Feb 1987, 10–12. Tulka, Tarungpa. Guru Nanak in Tibet. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2) 1969, 327–28. Vaswani, T.L. Baba Nanak meets Bahlol in Baghdad. Sikh Review, 51(7), Aug 2003, 16– 17. Verma, R.S. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad: McLeod’s baseless skepticism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 102–106. 2.1.7. Mardana Gandhi, Surjit Singh. The peerless Bhai Mardana. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 22–23. Gupta, Hari Ram. Bhai Mardana. Sikh Courier, 27(63), 1987, 25–26. Gurbachan Singh. Mardana, play the Rebab, the word cometh. Spokesman Weekly, 33(13), 28 Nov 1983, 5. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak and Bhai Mardana. Spokesman Weekly, 27(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 33. Peace, M.L. Bhai Mardana’s departure. Spokesman Weekly, 14(30), 22 Mar 1965, 5. Satbir Singh. Bhai Mardana (1459–1534). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 52–54. Satbir Singh. Guru Nanak’s life long companion: Rababi Mardana. Panchbati Sandesh, Jan–Mar 1999, 10–13. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 119–20.

2.2. Guru Angad Dev Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. The liberated soul: The life and Bani of Guru Angad Dev. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 96p. Ardaman Singh. Guru Angad Dev Ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 100–12. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. Vol. 2: Guru Angad Dev—The second Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Baljit Singh. Guru Angad: The harbinger of sports in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26 (1–2), 2002, 101–11. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Angad: Carrier of the missionary work. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 7. Banerjee, Indubhusan. Guru Angad: Foundation of the Sikh Panth. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 1–6. Bedi, Joginder Singh. Contributions of Sri Guru Angad Dev in shaping Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(26), 21 Mar 1988, 3–4. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad and the Mughals. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 39–46. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad on the contemporary political milieu. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 96–101.

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Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad: A study into political attitude. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(2), Aug 1987, 17–22. Dhillon, Jaswinder Kaur. Guru Angad Dev ji: Life and teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 23–32. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Angad. In his Sikh Gurus: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1993. Gopal Singh. Guru Angad: The prophet. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 19–23. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Angad: Expansion and consolidation of Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 13–14. Gupta, Shabnam. The life and teachings of Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 59p. Gursharanjit Singh. Guru Angad Dev in the writings of his contemporaries. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 81–86. Guru Angad Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 35(36), 5 May 1986, 4. Guru Angad Dev. Apostle of humility. Spokesman Weekly, 31(32), 26 Apr 1982, 4. Guru Angad Dev. Sterling piety and unﬂinching devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 30(36), 4 May 1981, 5–6. Guru Angad Dev (Second Guru). In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Jagjeet Singh. The mystique of Guru Angad Dev Ji. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 20–30. Jasbir Singh. Lehna to Guru Angad. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, i–viii. Jodh Singh. Guru Angad: An apostle of Dharma and practical wisdom. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 3–6. Jogeshwar Singh. Guru Angad and his succession as explained in Ramkali ki Var. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 95–100. Joginder Singh. Personality and vision of Guru Angad Dev ji. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 63–76. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Guru Angad: The successor of Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 27(64), !987, 10–11. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. The life, teachings and hymns of Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers, 1997. 336p. Khazan Singh. Guru Angad: The second Guru of the Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 8–9. Khushwant Singh. Guru Angad: Building of the Sikh Church. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 12. Kirpal Singh. Contribution of Guru Angad Dev to the Panth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 1–2. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The sloks of Guru Angad: The second Guru of the Sikhs. Lahore: Printed at the Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1901. 12p. McLeod, W.H. Guru Angad Dev. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 146–49.

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Narang, Gokul Chand. Guru Angad: The Sikhs form a community. Sikh Review, 31(353), May 1983, 17–20. Nayyar, G.S. Guru Angad Dev and Parchian Sewa Das. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 77–80. Puran Singh. Angad Nanak: The second master. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 15–18. Puran Singh. The second master: Angad Nanak. In his The book of ten masters. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 2002. Rai Jasbir Singh. Guru Angad in the eyes of Bhatt Kalsahar. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26 (1–2), 2002, 33–38. Ralhan, O.P. Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 242p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Angad, 1539–1552. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 143–51. Shan, Harnam Singh. Sayings of Guru Angad Dev. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 7–22. Shan, Harnam Singh. Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji: Seconds prophet. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Shashi Bala. Guru Angad’s philosophy of spiritual realization. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 47–56. Stories of Guru Angad. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1920. 15p. Sudarshan Singh. Guru Angad Dev’s philosophy of life. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 57–62. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 14(1), Apr 1980, 42–46. Vasu, Amar Singh. Life of Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1917. Wasu, Inderjit Singh. Basic concerns of Guru Angad Dev’s Bani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 87–94. Wisdom of Guru Angad Dev: Thoughts on quincentenary. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 6–7.

2.3. Guru Amar Das Anand, G.S. Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 328–42. Arora, A.C. and D.S. Dhillon. Historical background to the age of Guru Amar Das. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 1–18. Balbir Kaur. Guru Amar Das. New Delhi: Makhan Singh, 1979. 44p. Balbir Singh. Date of the visit of Guru Amar Das to Kurukshetra. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 441–44. Batra, Manohar Singh. The life and times of Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(1), 2000, 91–97. Bhagat Singh. Social milieu of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 452–59. Brahma Singh. Guru Amar Das: His contribution for ediﬁcation of the faith. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 20–25.

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Chawla, Harcharan Singh. Development of Sikh institutions under Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(1), 1993, 111–21. Chawla, Harcharan Singh. Missionary tours of Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 131–39. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Amar Das and the Mughal State. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 87–97. Dhillon, Balwant Singh, Ed. Shri Guru Amar Das Abhinandan. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. 196p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Re-reading Guru Amar Das ji. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 33–36. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Contribution to the development of Sikhism. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 29–38. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and teachings. New Delhi: Sterling, 1979. 196p. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and thought. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 300–33. Fauja Singh. Institution of Manjis by Guru Amar Das ji. Sikh Review, 42(5), May 1994, 15–20. Fauja Singh. Life and times of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 41(10), Oct 1992, 5–11. Fauja Singh. Towards distinctive Panthic identity: The mission & Bani of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 41(7), Jul 1993, 14–20. Fauja Singh and Ratan Singh Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982. 153p. Ganda Singh. Gurdwaras of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 469–70. Ganda Singh. Twenty two Manjis established by Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 67–68. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Social ethics of Guru Amar Das. Spokesman Weekly, 37(30), Apr 25, 1988, 3–4. Gill, Pritam Singh. Guru Amar Das: The architect of Sikh culture. Sikh Review, 30(343), Jul 1982, 5–19. Gopal Singh. Guru Amar Das: The prophet of good life. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 359–64. Also in Sikh Review, 27(307), Jul 1979, 22–26. Gujrati, B.S. Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 16(176), Mar 1968, 20–22. Guru Amar Das. An embodiment of humility and devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 30(38), May 1981, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 68–71. Harbans Singh. Guru Amar Das: A brief biographic note. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 334–37. Harkirat Singh. The language of Guru Amar Das. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 84–90. Jaggi, Rattan Singh and Fauja Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das: Third Sikh master. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. 184p.

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Jagjit Singh, K. Guru Amar Das: Home of homeless. Spokesman Weekly, 29(25), 18 Feb 1980, 3–4. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Guru Amar Das ji. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1998. 77p. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Life of Guru Amar Das Ji. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1953. 107p. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Sri Guru Amar Das Ji. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 251–99. Kapur Singh. Guru Amar Das (1479–1574). Sikh Review, 29(326), Feb 1981, 12–26. Khosla, Anju. The life and teachings of Guru Amar Das. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 72p. Khushwant Singh. Thus spake Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 21(234), May 1973, 19–20. Kirpal Singh. The date of the visit of Guru Amar Das to Kurukshetra and Hardwar. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), 1991, 42–46. Kirpal Singh. Guru Amar Das’s contribution to the growth of Sikhism. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 24–25. Kirpal Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and mission. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 19–28. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sri Guru Amar Das: His teachings and philosophy. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 460–66. Also in Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 9–14. Mehar Singh. Last testament of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 36–39. Mohan Singh. Guru Amar Das and a great reformer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 419–30. Nayyar, G.S. Religion of Guru Amar Das in his own words. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 402–17. Nayyar, G.S. Signiﬁcance of the pontiﬁcation of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 26(2), Oct 1992, 14–19. Prakash Singh. Guru Amar Das and the institution of Langer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 431–40. Peace, M.L. Guru Amar Das: The third Nanak. Frozepur: D.S. Bhalla, 1960. 85p. Puran Singh. Guru Amar Das: An embodiment of humility and devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 32(38), 23 May 1983, 4–6. Raghubir Singh. Guru Amar Das and folk elements of anecdotes. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 91–96. Rai Jasbir Singh. Guru Amar Das and the folk element of anecdotes. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 91–96. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amardas. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 152–60. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amar Das: An embodiment of humility. Spokesman Weekly, 29(35), Apr 28, 1980, 5. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amar Das: He sowed the seed of truth and reaped its fruit. Spokesman Weekly, 36(35), May 1987, 3–4.

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Ranjit Singh. Guru Amar Das Ji: A biography. Amritsar: Nanak Singh Pustakmala, 1980. 64p. Ranjodh Singh. Guru Amar Das: The consolidator of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 34(387), Mar 1986, 5–12. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 13(6), Mar 1987, 2–6. Sekhon, S.S. Amar Das Guru. In A. Datta, Ed. Encyclopedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 147–48. Shan, Harnam Singh. Some sayings of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 392–401. Singla, Subhash. Life of Guru Amar Das. M.A. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 92p. Sital, Jit Singh. Guru Amar Das: The divine grandson of Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 473–81. Social ethics of Guru Amar Das. Spokesman Weekly, 31(33), 3 May, 1982, 5. Stories of Guru Amar Das. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1922. 22p. Sudarshan Singh. Philosophy of life of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 243–47. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Sikh society under Guru Amar Das: A study. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 67–79. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of service and humility. Spokesman Weekly, 35(39), 26 May 1986, 5. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Thus spake Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1979. 84p. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of bliss. London: Federation of Sikh Organisations, 1979. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of bliss. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 348–58. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of perennial youth. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 32–34. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The fulﬁllment of boons. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 32–35. Thapar, K.S. Guru Amar Das as an organizer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 445–71. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Contemporaries of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 470–71. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Amar Das at a glance. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 472–73. Wazir Singh. Contribution of Guru Amar Das to Sikh cosmology. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 39–52.

2.4. Guru Ram Das Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Creative harmony: Life and Bani of Guru Ram Das. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 104p.

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Ajaib Singh (Sant). The two ways: A commentary on the Gauri Vars of Guru Ramdas. Sanbornton, N.H.: S. Bani Ashram, 1985. 218p. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus: Vol. 2—Guru Ram Das: Fourth Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Balwant Singh. Development and organisation of Sikh Panth under Guru Ram Das. Panjab Past and Present, 20(39), Apr 1986, 36–42. Bedi, Joginder Singh. Guru Ram Das: Nobel deeds of piety. Spokesman Weekly, 38(3), 24 Oct 1988, 5. Devinder Singh. Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru: Apostle of love and humility. Sikh Review, 34(393), Sept 1986, 5–10. Gobind Singh. Contribution of Guru Ramdas to the development of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(9), 27 Oct 1980, 6–7. Guramrit Kaur. Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 24(273), Sept 1976, 5–7. Gurdeep Singh. Concept of true creator in the poetry of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sept 1975, 8–11. Guru Ram Das (Fourth Guru). In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Janama Sakhi. Guru Ram Das ji. London: Star Books, 1993. 104p. Joginder Singh. Guru Ram Das: Reformer extraordinary. Sikh Review, 43(8), Aug 1995, 58–61. Kartar Singh. Re-reading Guru Ram Das ji. Sikh Review, 45(8), Aug 1997, 11–14. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Guru Ram Das remembered. The fourth Guru in the Sikh tradition. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1991. 232p. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Guru Ram Das in Sikh tradition. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1997. 174p. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Religion and the rule of Akbar in the time of Guru Ram Das. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 1–9. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 43–52. Man Singh. Sri Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 11–14. Manmohan Kaur. Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sept 1975, 5–7. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ram Das. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 450–54. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ramdas’s contribution to Sikh religion. Spokesman Weekly, 33(8), 24 Oct 1983, 4. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ramdas: His life, work and philosophy. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1979. 185p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Raj yoga of Guru Ram Das. Spokesman Weekly, 32(5), 4 Oct 1982, 5. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sri Guru Ram Das: A study of his poetry. Sikh Courier, 9(12), 1977–78, 7–12.

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Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Survey of poetry and music of Guru Ram Das. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 66–86. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Times of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 30(346), Oct 1982, 5–20, and 36(418), Oct 1988, 8–19. Nara, Ishar Singh. Light of Guru Ram Das ji. New Delhi: The author, 1986. 124p. Parkash Singh. Guru Ram Das and Amritsar. Sikh Review, 19(214), Sept 1971, 38–46; and 31(358), Oct 1983, 34–43. Parkash Singh. Guru Ram Das: The life story. Sikh Review, 36(418), Oct 1988, 20–29. Rajendrababu, A. Guru Ram Das ji Maharaj: A life of rare dedication. Sikh Review, 42(10), Oct 1994, 11–12. Ranbir Singh. Guru Ram Dass. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 164–69. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Ram Das. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 64p. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Love in the Bani of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 24(273), Sept 1976, 23–24.

2.5. Guru Arjan Dev Advani, K.V. Guru Arjan Dev and his muse. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 43–45. Advani, K.V. Guru Arjan Dev and Sikh renaissance. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 9–11. Advani, K.V. Poetic melody of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 20(255), Aug 1972, 26–27. Agnihotri, H.L. and R. Agnihotri. Guru Arjan Dev: The poet-prophet. Hissar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 191p. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Arjan: A turning point in Sikh history. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 20–23. Ajit Singh. Guru Arjan Dev and the Adi Granth. Sikh Courier, 10(2), Sum 1980, 7. Also in Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 24–25. Amole, S.S. Guru Arjan’s message for peace of mind. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 13–14. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great martyr. Sikh Review, 18(199), Jun 1970, 5–7; 30(342), Jun 1982, 16–18. Babu, S. Rajendra. The spirit and glory of Guru Arjun Dev. Sikh Review, 41(5), May 1993, 9–13. Bagga, Ajit Singh. Context and aftermath of the martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 17(180), Jul 1968, 5–12. Batra, Manohar Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev: The apostle of peace and human brotherhood. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), 2000, 51–64. Bhag Singh. Guru Arjan: The ﬁrst Sikh martyr. Sikh Review, 34(389), Jun 1986, 5–9. Brahma Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The poet, builder and organiser. Spokesman Weekly, 35(31), Jun 9, 1986, 4.

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Chadha, G.S. Guru Arjan Dev: An apostle of peace and non-violence. Spokesman Weekly, 35(31), Jun 9, 1986, 4. Chatrath, Bhagwant Singh. Chief of the martyrs: Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Amritsar: Jaidev Singh Joginder Singh, n.d. 16p. Chopra, R.M. Transformation of Sikhs under Guru Arjan Dev ji. Sikh Review, 45(6), Jun 1997, 20–23. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: Brightest star of national integration. Spokesman Weekly, 35(41), Jun 9, 1986, 3. Daljit Singh. Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563–1606). Young Sikh Review, Jun 1980, 11–12. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Causes of Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom: An appraisal. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 15–18. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Arjun Dev: Re-read. Sikh Review, 44(5), May 1996, 11–14. Fenech, Louis E. Martyrdom and the execution of Guru Arjan in early Sikh sources. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 20–31. Ganda Singh. Death by torture: The last phase. Sikh Review, 36(414), Jun 1988, 13–14. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan. Young Sikh Review, Jun 1980, 14–16. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 22(246), Jun 1974, 14–28. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom re-interpreted. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, 1969. 51p. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan. Panjab Past and Present, 12(1), Apr 1978, 160–177. Also in Sikh Review, 29(330), Jun 1981, 11–26. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Signiﬁcance of Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom. Spokesman Weekly, 30(41), Jun 1981, 11–26. Gill, Mohinder Kaur. Study of the personality and poetry of Guru Arjun Dev. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1971. Great poet: Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 10–14. Greenless, Duncan. Life sketch of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 5–9. Grewal, Jaswant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: A unique personality. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 47–49. Gulcharan Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The real architect of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41– 42), Jun 1980, 7–8. Guru Arjan. Bombay: India Book House, 1984. 32p. Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 23(258), Jun 1975, 5–13. Guru Arjan Dev. A saint and scholar of rare piety and literary attainment. Spokesman Weekly, 31(36), 24 May 1982, 8. Guru Arjan Dev. A spiritual enlightener. Spokesman Weekly, 32(35), 2 May 1983, 5; and 30(35), 27 Apr 1981, 5. Guru Arjan in historical retrospect. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 5–7. Guru Arjan martyred by Shamanistic law. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 14–27.

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Hambye, E.R. Contemporary Jesuit document on Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honor of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 113–18. Harnam Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1924. 19p. Hazara Singh. The glorious Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 42(6), Jun 1994, 5–7. Hazara Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 32(41), Jun 13, 1983, 4–5. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 12(9), Jun 1986, 6–11. Hoshiar Singh. Guru Arjan: The king of martyrs. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 5–12. Hoshiar Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev: His life and mission. Sikh Review, 22(246), Jun 1974, 4–13. Jagjit Singh, K. Probing the ulterior motive of Jehnagir: Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41–42), 9–16 Jun 1980, 5–6. Jamna Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev ji: A watershed in Indian religious tradition. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 19–21. Joshi, Mahindra Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1994. 89p. Kapur Singh. Guru Arjan martyred by Shamanistic law. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 13–23. Kartar Singh. Apostle of love and sacriﬁce (Guru Arjan Dev). Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 5–12. Kartar Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great apostle of love and sacriﬁce. Singapore: Sikh Missionary Tract Society, 1941. 18p. Kartar Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great teacher and martyr. Ambala: Guru Nanak Missionary Society, 1935. 40p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The ﬁfth Nanak. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 125–35. Lesser, R.H. Arjan Dev: The Guru who was a poet. In Saints and sages of India. New Delhi: Intercultural Publishing, 1992, pp. 125–51. Life of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, n.d. Mahinder Singh. Guru Arjan: The martyr extraordinary. Amrit Kirtan, 15(7), July 2003, 20–23. Minhas, Surjit Singh. Guru Arjan: The king and martyrs. Sikh Review, 16(176), Jun 1968, 35–37. Mohinder Kaur. A study of the personality and poetry of Guru Arjan Dev. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1972. Mohinder Singh. Guru Arjan’ martyrdom: Jahangir’s most fateful decision. Sikh Review, 49(5), May 2001, 16–18. Moosvi, Shireen. Akbar meets Guru Arjan (from Abu’l Fazl, Akbarnama). In J.S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 55. Moosvi, Shireen. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom, 1606(from Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri). In J.S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikhhistory from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 56–58. Narain Singh. The holy Guru Arjan. Amritsar: The author, 1967. 384p.

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Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Arjan: A most willing martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 29(43), Jun 23, 1980, 5. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: His voice of living appeal to the modern society. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), 1990, 72–74. Pabla, B.S. Guru Arjan solves the Bible parable. Sikh Review, 34(389), Jun 1986, 10–11; and 20(229), Dec 1972, 19. Pall, J.S. Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 4–5. Peace, M.L. Episodic sketches from the life of Guru Arjan Dev. Jullunder: The author, 1969. 72p. Peace, M.L. Shri Guru Arjan Dev: The ﬁfth Nanak. Ferozepur: D.S. Bhalla, 1961. 108p. Pritam Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The prince among martyrs. Sikh Review, 19(215), Oct 1971, 16–18. Puran Singh. Life of Shri Guru Arjan Dev with a translation of a section of his soul and stirring Shabads and Shalokas. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, n.d. Puran Singh. Many splendours of Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 37(6), June 1989, 9–16. Puran Singh. Message of Guru Arjan Dev. Lahore: Lahore Book Shop, 1945. 24p. Rajinder Singh. Sacred Sikh shrines associated with Guru Arjan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41–42), 9–16, Jun 1980, 4. Ralhan, O.P. Guru Arjun Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 243p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: Embodiment of supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 36(38), 1 Jun, 1987, 3–4. Ranbir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 170–85. Rekhi, J.S. Guru Arjan: The perceptive Guru. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 162–69. Sangat Singh. The legacy of Guru Arjan Dev ji. Sikh Review, 50(6), June 2002, 33–39. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories III: (Guru Arjan Dev Ji). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). All the year round. Guru Arjan’s twelve months of love and worship. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1920. 19p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Cross and the crown. Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, n.d., 13p. Sethi, Gurcharan Singh. Prince Khusrau’s revolt and Guru Arjan Dev. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 2nd session, Oct 1966. Shan, Harnam Singh. So said Gur Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 51(6), June 2003, 38–40. Shan, Harnam Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 20(223), Jun 1972, 4–5. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 52p. Sher Singh. Brahmgyani martyr Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jun 1969, 33–39.

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Sher Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji: What he did for India and mankind at large? Tarn Taran: Sikh Religious Tract Society, 1933. 29p. Shinhat, Surjit Kaur and Himmat Shinhat. Guru Arjan Dev. Montreal: Five Rivers Publications, 1987. 60p. Sidhu, G.S. Guru Arjan: The apostle for the peace. Gravesend, Kent: Sikh Missionary Society of UK, 1970. 18p. Sodhi, Brijendra Singh. Shri Guru Arjan Dev: The poet and the organizer. Amritsar: The author, 1936. 52p. Surat Singh. Victory in death: The martyrdom of Guru Arjan. Lahore: Tract Society, n.d. 24p. Surinder Singh. Guru Arjan. Young Sikh Review, Jun 1981, 17–19. Surma, M.S. Guru Arjan: The saint philosopher. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 12–15. Sutantar Singh. Facets of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 22–26. Talib, G.S. Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 188–93. Teja Singh. Guru Arjan’s work in life. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 31–34. Tejpal Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: A multi faceted personality. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 125–30. Trilochan Singh. Genius of Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 29(330), Jun 1981, 5–10; and 39(6), Jun 1991, 23–30. Trilochan Singh. A study of Guru Arjan’s poems. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 26–30. Trilochan Singh. Letters of Sahibzade Arjan Dev to his father Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 36(414), Jun 1988, 5–12. Vohra, R.N. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 80–82. Wazir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1991.

2.6. Guru Hargobind Ajit Singh. Guru Hargobind Sahib’s journey to Kashmir. Sikh Review, 49(6), June 2001, 18–20. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus: Vol. 4—Guru Hargobind. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Baljinder Singh. The life and times of Guru Hargobind. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Batra, Manohar Singh. Guru Hargobind: The prophet of Miri and Piri. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(2), 1995, 82–96. Cheema, Baljinder Singh. Guru Hargobind: Personality and vision. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 2000. 149p. Dharam Singh. Guru Hargobind: Birth & ancestry. Sikh Review, 47(7), Jul 1999, 25–27. Dhillon, D.S. and Baljinder Singh Cheema. Chronology of the battles of Guru Hargobind. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 171–77.

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Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Gobind. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 186–200. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Har Gobind. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 52p. Sher Singh. Life of Guru Hargobind Sahib according to Ernst Trump (1881). Sikh Review, 40(5), May 1992, 10–12. Sikh restores Mosque built by Guru Hargobind. Sikh Review, 49(6), June 2001, 60–62. Tak, Raghbir Singh. Sacrament of initiation of Guru Hargobindji. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, 1995, 50–53. Trilochan Singh. Guru Har Gobind’s views of an ideal Sikh missionary. Sikh Review, 24(272), Aug 1976, 18–24. 2.6.1. Miri and Piri Amar Singh. The concept of Miri andPiri. Sikh Courier, 39(88), Aut–Win 1999, 27–28. Bachittar Singh (Gyani). Akal Takht: Concept of Miri Piri. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 216–26. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Elements of Miri–Piri concept. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 27–34. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Miri-Piri concept and the ongoing feud at Amritsar. Spokesman Weekly, Mar 2000, 37–41. Dalip Singh. The Miri Piri doctrine: A guide to worldly & spiritual life. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 47–48. Daljeet Singh. Sikhism: A Miri –Piri system. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 42–60. Dhanoa, S.S. Doctrine of Miri–Piri. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 93–106. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Miri–Piri. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 89–91. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Politics and religion in view of Miri-Piri principle. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twenty-ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 167–79. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Concept of Miri-Piri in Sikhism. In his Real Sikhism. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 1994, pp. 160–71. Jagjit Singh. Doctrine of Meeri–Peeri. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 136–51. Jagjit Singh. Signiﬁcance of concept of Meeri–Peeri and its historical impact. In his Dynamics of Sikh revolution. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000, pp. 122–44. Jaspal Singh. Miri Piri doctrine: The basis of Sikh concept of state. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1993, 82–97. King, Noel Q. Miri Piri and Western Christian theory of two swords. Sikhs Past and Present, 2(1), Spr 1992, 26–32.

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Lasaria, Sucha Singh. Guru Hargobind: Apostle of Miri and Piri. Sikh Courier, 35(80), Aut– Win, 1995, 18–20. Manjit Kaur. Tradition of Miri Piri in Sikhism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 80–81. Manjit Kaur. Tradition of Miri Piri in Sikhism (1469–1716). M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982. Miri Piri. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 2: 352–54. Mona Kaur Singh. Miri Piri: The empowerment of the faithful. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 75–83. Also in Sikh Review, 43(6), Jun 1995, 30–36. Narang, S.S. Miri Piri: The cosmic concept of balanced way of life. Hayes, Middlesex: Gurmat Parkashan Trust, 1996. 34p. Narang, S.S. Role of Miri Piri in modern society. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 227–50. Also in Sikh Courier, 42(92), Aut–Win 2001, 12–17. Nirankari, Man Singh. The concept of Miri and Piri. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 44–46. Talwara, Joginder Singh. Miri-Piri siasat dharm. Sikh Review, 37(9), Sep 1989, 23–25. Tarlochan Nahal Singh. Miri andPiri: Religion and politics in Sikhism with special reference to the Sikh struggle (1947–1997). Ph.D. Thesis. Senior University International, 1999. 398p. Vikram Singh. Miri Piri: The concept of temporal and spiritual sovereignty. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), Jan–Jun 1996, 84–95.

2.7. Guru Har Rai Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Gathering storm: Guru Har Rai and his times. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. Amar Singh. Guru Har Rai Sahib: The gentle teacher. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 26–27. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. Vol. 5: Guru Har Rai, seventh Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Batra, Manohar Singh. The seventh master: Guru Har Rai ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), Jul–Dec 2001, 119–23. Bhagat Singh. Guru Har Rai. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 261–63. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Years of strengthening: Guru Har Rai. Sikh Review, 31(349), Jan 1983, 5–13. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Har Rai. Spokesman Weekly, 35(25) 17 Feb 1986, 3. Guru Har Rai. In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Guru Har Rai. The most magnanimous of men. Spokesman Weekly, 30(25) 16 Feb 1981, 5; and 31(28), 22 Mar 1982. 5. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Har Rai. Spokesman Weekly, 37(19) Feb 1988, 3–4.

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Mohinder Singh. Humanism of Guru Har Rai. Sikh Review, 41(5), Jun 1993, 15–16. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 201–03. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai: The most magnanimous of men. Spokesman Weekly, 36(22), 9 Feb 1987, 3. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai: Hunger for love songs. Spokesman Weekly, 29 (23), 4 Feb 1980, 5. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Har Rai. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 80p.

2.8. Guru Harkishan Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. The life divine: Life of Guru Har Kishan. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 104p. Amar Singh. Guru Harkishan: Whose sight heals. Sikh Review, 44(8), Aug 1996, 11–12. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Harkishan (1656–1664). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 254–56. Aulakh, Ajit Singh. Illustrated stories from the life of Guru Harkrishan Sahib Ji and Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1998. 104p. Batra, Manohar Singh. The eighth master: Sri Guru Hari Kishan ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 105–110. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Contemplate the spirit of Harkishan seeing whom all sorrow and suffering in dispelled. Spokesman Weekly, 26(45), 20 Jul 1987, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Harkishan: Whose vision of personality removes all pains. Spokesman Weekly, 29(48), 4 Aug 1980, 5–6. Guru Harkishan. The precious genius. Spokesman Weekly, 36(45), 20 Jul, 1987, 3–4. Gur Harkishan. The eighth Nanak (1656–1664). Young Sikh Review, Aug 1980, 20–21. Harbans Singh. Guru Harkishan: The child Guru. Sikh Review, 26(416), Aug 1988, 5–9. Harnam Singh. Stories from the life of Sri Guru Harkishan. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1988. History of Sri Guru Harkishan Ji. Lahore: Model Press, n.d. 176p. Homage to Guru Harkishan who blessed and healed at sight. Spokesman Weekly, 30(48), 27 Jul, 1981, 4. Johar, Surinder Singh. Sacred shrines connected with Guru Harkishan Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 31(43), 12 Jul, 1982, 5. Mahinder Singh. Guru Harikrishan: His sight dispels suffering. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 22–23. Onkar Singh. Guru Har Krishan: Beacon of hope for suffering humanity. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 15–16; and 51(10), Oct 2003, 21–22. Pritam Singh. Sri Guru Harkishan Sahib. Sikh Review, 20(229), Dec 1972, 27–29. Pritam Singh. Sri Guru Harkishan: The precocious genius. Spokesman Weekly, 29(48), 4 Aug 1980, 4–5.

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2.9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Hind di chadar. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 124p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A biography. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1979. 235p. Anand, G.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Agra: Agra University, 1970. Anand, G.S. Some aspects of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life and work. Panjab Past and Present, 10(1), Apr 1976, 10–15. Attar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur upheld religious freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 2. Baagha, Ajit Singh. Palprsnavali or Guru Tegh Bahadur’s mission in historical perspective. Amritsar: Fakir Singh and Sons, 1975. 136p. Bakshi, S.R. Guru Teg Bahadur: Ninth Guru. In Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 5. Bal, S.S. Awakening the oppressed. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s role and its reason. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 56–60. Banerjee, A.C. Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 329–34. Bhandari, Sujan Rai. Guru Tegh Bahadur in the world of contemporary. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 7–. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sacriﬁces. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 96–99. Chronology of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 233–36. Daljeet Singh (Raja). Guru Tegh Bahadur. Patiala: Language Department, 1971. 171p. Dalip Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Young Sikh Cultural Association, 1975. 32p. Darshan Singh. Ninth Nanak: A historical biography. Jullundhur: K. Lal, 1975. 120p.

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Deora, Man Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A select bibliography. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 132–48. Dhawan, S.K. Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru: A chronology. Delhi: Deepalika Book Traders, 1976. 110p. Dhillon, Gurdial Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A many splendoured genius. Spokesman Weekly, 25(17), 22 Dec 1975, 3–4. Dhillon, Gurdial Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Dispenser of ideal prescription. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 120–22. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib: Life history, sacred hymns and teachings: Original Panjabi & Hindi translation and transliteration. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1975. 183p. Fauja Singh. Bhat Vahis as a source for the life of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 75–85. Fauja Singh and Gurbachan Singh Talib. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. 185p. 2nd Ed. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, i–ix. Ganda Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(16), 15 Dec 1975, 9. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur commemoration volume. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Some facts of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s multi-denominational personality. Spokesman Weekly, 25(17), 22 Dec 1975, 5. Grewal, Dalvindar Singh. Life history of Guru Tegh Bahadur as recorded in Bhatt Wahis. Sikh Review, 37(12), Dec 1989, 28–33. Grewal, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Persian chroniclers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 138p. Gulcharan Singh. Gur Ladho Re: The Guru is found. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 20–26. Gulcharan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Lobana Sikhs. Sikh Review, 16(170), Sep 1967, 11–18. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 31(12), 30 Nov 1981, 7–8. Guleria, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sep 1975, 3–4. Guleria, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet of humanism. Sikh Review, 24(266), Feb 1976, 7–9. Gupta, Bhim Sen. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A study. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1978. 152p. Gupta, Bhim Sen. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s concept of freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 28(4–5), Annual Number 1978, 42. Gurcharan Singh. Holiness of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s personality and N.C.E.R.T. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 178–89. Gurtej Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Builder of the Sikh nation. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 85–89. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bombay: India Book House, 1983. 32p. Hanspal, Harbhajan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Sterling, 1982. 148p.

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Harbans Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: Life history, sacred hymns and teachings. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1975. 183p. Harbhajan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur was product of legend. Spokesman Weekly, 24(11), 1974, 3. Hira Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 9–11. Inderjit Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A tribute. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 10. Also in Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 123–24. Jagdish Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: An illustrated biography. New Delhi: Punjab & Sind Bank, 1976. 44p. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Chandigarh: The author, 1993. 23p. Joginder Singh. Saga of the ninth Guru. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 24–30. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A biography. New Delhi: Enkay Publishers, 1994. 164p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Defender of faith. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1975. 262p. Josh, Mohinder Singh. The Mughals had arrested Guru Tegh Bahadur not once but thrice (1). Spokesman Weekly, Sept 2003, 36–40. Josh, Mohinder Singh. In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib was arrested for the third time while protecting non-Sikhs human rights. Spokesman Weekly, Nov 2003, 36. Joshi, L.M. Conception of Jivanmukti in Guru Tegh Bahadur’s hymns. In Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 97–122. Joshi, L.M. Dharma and Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 1(1), Sep 1977, 37–79. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Tegh Bahadur and religious freedom. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 122–24. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Intrepid champion of religious freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 25(21), 26 Jan 1976, 6. Khazan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His life and philosophy. Bulletin of the Ram–Krishna Mission Institute of Culture, 27(11), Nov 1976, 232–35. Kirpal Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur was ever forgiving. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 29–30. Kohli, Mohinder Pal. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Testimony of conscience. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1992. 67p. Kohli, Sita Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur: My life but not my faith. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 103–105. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Padash Buranji. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 13–14. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Western writers. Spokesman Weekly, 26(8), Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 4–44.

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Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth Guru (1621–1675). In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh Studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 160–69. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sword and the spirit. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2001. 139p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Poetic contribution and philosophy of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Advance, 25(3), Aug 76, 15–23. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 19–20. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Sword and the spirit: An introduction to Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life and philosophy. New Delhi: Ankur, 1977. 139p. Kultarnjit Singh. Educational philosophy of Guru Teg Bahadur and its contribution to modern Indian education. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 341p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Life of Guru Bahadur. Lahore: The author, 1903. 66p. Mann, Jaswant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The man of destiny. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 17–19. The muse of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Moga: Sadhu T.L. Vaswani Study Circle, 1971. 71p. Narang, Gokul Chand. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s mission. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 6. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Spiritual empiricism of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(20), 19 Jan 1976, 5. Parkash Singh. Birthday, early life and marriage of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 5–13. Peace, M.L. Brief life sketch of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Jullundur: The author, 1960. 104p. Phulan Rani. Life of Guru Tegh Bahadur through pictures. Annotated by Shamsher Singh and Narendra Singh Virdi. Amritsar: Modern Sahitya Academy, n.d. 82p. Piar Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: Farsi Sarot. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 168p. Pritam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s tercentenary and the role of the writers. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 5–8. Rajinder Singh. Historians of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 31(12), 30 Nov 1981, 5. Ralhan, O.P., Ed. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. Vol. 4: Guru Tegh Bahadur & Govind Singh. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 359p. Ram Singh. Tegh Bahadur: His life, teachings and martyrdom. Ambala Cantt: Joshi Press, 1970. 160p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Divine poet, saviour and martyr. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1975. 138p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 208–216. Ranbir Singh. What I owe to Guru Tegh Bahadur? Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 24–30. Ranbir Singh, et al. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Delhi: Hind Pocket Books, 1976. 127p. Sandhu, Inderjit Kaur. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 53–58.

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Sandhu, Inderjit Kaur. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Nanak IX. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 4–11. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories IV: (Guru Tegh Bahadur). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. Saran Singh. India’s man of destiny: Years of preparation. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 40–43. Satbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Commemorative volume. Amritsar: Guru Tegh Bahadur Tercentenary Committee, 1975. 160p. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 56p. Sharma, Sri Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(22), 2 Feb 1976, 3–4. Sidhu, Ajaib Singh. Early life of Guru Tegh Bahadur up to 1665. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. Sud, Radha Krishna. Guru Tegh Bahadur in the light of his own words. Sikh Review, 26(300), Dec 1978, 19–21. Taran Singh. Tegh Bahadur’s 20 years of meditation at Bakala before Guru. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 17–19. Trilochan Singh. Brief life of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Delhi: Sikh Gurdwara Board, 1974. 90p. 2.9.1. Martyrdom Ahuja, Anand Mohan. Signiﬁcance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: A true perspective. Delhi: Kirti Publications, 1975. 27p. Ahuja, A.M. and N.D. Ahuja. Alamgiri myth and Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: A true perspective. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 96–108. Ahuja, Anand Mohan and N.D. Ahuja. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur vis-`a-vis the religious policy of Aurangzeb. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 28–36. Also in Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 7–16. Ahuja, R.L. Guru Tegh Bahadur martyrdom: The politics of martyrdom in perspective. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(3), Dec 1982, 41–49. Ahuja, R.L. Politics of martyrdom in perspective. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 108–121. Also in Sikh Review, 32(327), Jan 1982, 42–60. Ajit Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 105–108. Alag, Sarup Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Sikh Courier, 35(79), Spr–Sum 1995, 17–18. Anand, G.S. The arrest and execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 112–19. Anand, G.S. Impact of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s sacriﬁce. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 140–46. Avtar Singh. Re-interpretation of martyrdom: An academic critique. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 86–104. Bakshish Singh. Supreme sacriﬁce: The blood bath sanctiﬁes Chandani Chowk. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 81–84.

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Bal, S.S. Circumstances leading to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 16(166), May 1967, 22–27; and 22(242), Jan 1974, 44–47. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 106–111. Baldev Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji: Distortion in history books. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 25–26. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 17–26; and 24(265), Jan 1976, 65 & 74. Batra, Manohar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s supreme sacriﬁce for religious freedom. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 16(2), 1997, 88–96. Bhag Singh. Martyr extraordinary. Sikh Review, 33(384), Dec 1985, 5–8. Bhag Singh. How Guru Tegh Bahadur’s head was taken from Delhi to Anandpur: A saga of most daring heroism. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 22–27. Brahma Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A unique martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), Nov 29, 1976, 5–6. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 12(5), Feb 1986, 2–7. Chana, S.S. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 395–400. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Martyrdom of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(16), 15 Dec 1975, 3. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sacriﬁces: I—A homage to the martyrs, II—Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Sis-Ganj Gurdwara. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 96–109. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A study of religious culture, social, historical background. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(1), 1992, 128–41. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Philosophical perceptions and legends about Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: An interpretation. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 100–15. Darshan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2003. 124p. Darshan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 113–17. Dhillon, D.S. and B.S. Cheema. Martyrdom of three companions of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 170–72. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. A historical perspective. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 109–116. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(26), Mar 1976, 5. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 31(46), 2 Aug 1982, 4. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Relevance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom day. Spokesman Weekly, 35(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 31–32. Also in and Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 76–79. Fauja Singh. Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A new look. Bulletin of the Institute of Post Graduate (Evening) Studies, 1966, 28–48. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 79–89; 3(1), Feb 1976, 183–97; and Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 26–26. Fauja Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 137–157. Also in Sikh Review, 24(273), Sep 1987, 34–46.

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Fauja Singh and Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 211p. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur martyrdom: Capricious hagiography by some Sikh writer. Sikh Review, 31(329), May 1981, 48–52. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 182p. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Feb 1976, 109–182. Also in Journal of Indian History, 56(2), 15 Sep, 1982, 23–29; Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1976, 191–267; Sikh Review, 24(270), Jan 1976, 20–37. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur studied in historical setting. Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 5–15; and 30(348), Dec 1982, 12–23. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 201–212; and 22(2), Oct 1988, 103–114. Gill, Pritam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The unique martyr. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing Co, 1975. 124p. Grewal, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 36(13), 1 Dec 1986, 5 & 11. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: Its impact on history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 91–108. Gurbachan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Illustrated Weekly of India, 96(49), 7–13 Dec 1975, 8–13. Gurbux Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Muslim and Hindu scholars of Persia. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 65–82. Gurbux Singh. Real facts about the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 25(277), Jan 1977, 34–51. Gurdeep Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The unique martyr. Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 53–55. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 32(337), Jan 1982, 41–45. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), 29 Nov 1976, 3–44. Harbans Singh. Panoramic view: Guru Nanak to martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 5–22. Harchand Singh. True signiﬁcance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 117–19. Harindra Singh. Execution of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Modern Review, 139(6), Jun 1976, 394–98. Hukam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom and after-vigilance for controlling commercialized vice. Spokesman Weekly, 16(18), 19 Dec 1966; and 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 39–40. Kapur Singh. Who killed Guru Tegh Bahadur? Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 153–66. Khurana, Tilak Raj. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Second martyr in the war of Indian independence. Spokesman Weekly, 24(38), Jun 23, 1975, 5–6.

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Khushwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The second martyr Guru. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 23–27. Kulraj Singh. Confrontation and martyrdom. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 73–80. Lakhinder Singh and Satinder Singh. The supreme sacriﬁce of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Gravesend, England: Sikh Missionary Society, 1975. 40p. Manmohan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. Sachkhand Patra, 13(3), Dec 1986, 2–4. Onkar Singh. Martyr extraordinary: Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 15–16. Patwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The miracle of martyrdom. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 21–25. Peace, M.L. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A sublime example of supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 9–10. Ranbir Singh. Impact of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Spokesman Weekly, 28(13), 26 Nov, 1979, 5; and 30(15), 8 Dec 1980, 5, 9. Ranjodh Singh. Vanguard of martyrs. Sikh Review, 23(264), 1975, 70–72. Sangat Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 78–89. Santokh Singh. He died for freedom of worship. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 12. Shan, Harnam Singh. Concept of martyrdom with special reference to Shahidi of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 50(2), Feb 2002, 42–50. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Embodiment of supreme and unique martyrdom. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 124–32. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur:A unique martyr. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 3–5. Sharma, Sri Ram. Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 120–21. Sublok, N.N. Supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 33(15), 12 Dec 1983, 6. Sutantar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A living martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 26(20–21), Republic Day Supplement, 1977, 9–10. Talib, Gurbachan Singh, Ed. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Background and the supreme sacriﬁce: A collection of research articles. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 268p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 211p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and martyr. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1967. 358p. Trilochan Singh. S. Sher Singh’s questions on new light on Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 37(3), Mar 1989, 53–59. Zail Singh. Unparalleled martyrdom. Secular Democracy, 1 Dec 1975, 20–21. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 15–16.

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2.9.2. Teachings Brahma Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His virtues and Bani. Spokesman Weekly, 32(12), 22 Nov 1982, 4. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A brief account of his life and teachings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 24p. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His vision and teaching. Sikh Courier, 9(3), Sum–Aut 1978, 4–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 37(5), Oct 12, 1987, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His teachings and vision. Sikh Review, 26(300), Dec 1978, 5–10. Harindar Kaur. Teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 8. Narula, Daljit Singh. Message of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 46. Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth king spiritual. Panjab Past and Present, 9(11), Apr 1975, 1–16. Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, 1908. 79p. Sagar, S.S. A fresh look into the arrangement of Hukamnamas of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(1), Feb 1997, 13–56. Santokh Singh. Relevance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s teachings to modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), 29 Nov 1976, 10. Sharma, Sri Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur and his teachings. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 26–31. Trilochan Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Young Sikh Review, Dec 1981, 19–21. 2.9.3. Travels Attar Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh. Lahore: Indian Public Opinion Press, 1876. 137p. Attar Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 17–18. Bhag Singh. Back to Anandpur. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 53–55. Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar. Guru Tegh Bahadur in Assam. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 125–33. Brahma Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(7), 22 Dec, 1975, 4. Gupta, Hari Ram. Rumbling of imperial wrath and back to Makhowal. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 61–64. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s itinerary. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 179–81. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s missionary tours. Sikh Review, 33(384), Dec 1985, 25–29.

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Kulraj Singh. Guru’s journey to the East. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 33–52. Mann, Arjan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Assam Pradesh. Amritsar: Sikh Publishing House, 1959. 318p. 2.9.4. Relation with Aurangzeb Harchand Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Aurangzeb: Man of uncommon determination. Sikh Review, 30(348), Dec 1982, 29–35. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(15), 13 Dec 1983, 4–5. Harchand Singh. Man of uncommon determination: Guru Tegh Bahadur and emperor Aurangzeb. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 97–105. Kirpal Singh. Saif Khan and his relations with Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 109–114. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Martyr and emperor. Spokesman Weekly, 25(34), 19 Apr 1976, 3–5 & 11. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Aurangzeb. Young Sikh Review, Dec 1980, 17–23.

2.10. Guru Gobind Singh Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh’s ameliorative genius. Sikh Review, 26(289), Jan 1978, 37–38. Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh: Scholar, saint and soldier. Sikh Review, 27(312), Dec 1979, 51–53. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Democrat and patriot. Spokesman Weekly, 27(47), 1978, 5. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An eminent scholar. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 33–36. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The enlightened reformer. Sikh Review, 26(289), Jan 1978, 44–47. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet & statesman. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 27–30. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh: A saint soldier. Vedanta Kesari (Madras), 76, Dec 1989, 474–79. Ajit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet and versatile hero. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953–54, 2. Allen, Marguerite. Guru Gobind Singh and the new year. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953–54, 4. Anand, Balwant Singh. Image of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 31(366), 1982, 17–18; and 32(364), Apr 1984, 9–14. Anand, J.S. Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 6–11. Ardaman Singh. Peep into Sikhism: The failure of the Guru? Victory of Guru Gobind Singh: Unity in tolerance and culture. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, 1978. 27p. Arshi, Nirvair Singh. The master with many ﬁrsts. Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 11–14.

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Attar Singh. Sakhi Namah: Sakhee book, or the description of Guru Gobind Singh’s religion and doctrines. (Translated from Gurmukhi into Hindi and afterwards into English). Banaras: Medical Hall Press, 1873. 205p. Aulakh, Ajit Singh. Illustrated stories from the life of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1998. 96p. Bains, J.S. Political ideas of Guru Gobind Singh. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 4, 1967, 127–42. Also in Sikh Review, 22(244), Mar 1974, 29–38. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mitra. Guru Gobind Singh. Vol. 9 of Saints of India. New Delhi: Clarion Press, 2002. Bal, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s relation with the Punjab Hill States. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 25–29. Balbir Singh and Mohinder Kaur. Message of Guru Govind Singh and other essays. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Baldev Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and socialist movement. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 21. Baldev Singh. The life of Guru Gobind Singh and the Baisakhi celebrations. Heritage (Singapore), 6, 1984, 5–14. Balkar Singh. Legacy of Guru Gobind Singh: It’s relevance in modern times. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 21–23. Balwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Creator of heroes and martyrs. Spokesman Weekly, 28(33– 34), 1979, 35–36. Banerjee, A.C. Guru Gobind Singh and the Hill Rajas. Sikh Review, 38(3–4), Mar–Apr 1990, 28–32. Banerjee, Hiamdri. Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali literature. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 29–34. Banerjee, Himadri. Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali writings. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 25–32. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 10–17. Banerjee, Indubhushan. Chronology of Guru Gobind Singh. In his Evolution of Khalsa. Calcutta: A. Mukherjee & Co; 1972. Vol. 2: 168–77. Banerjee, Indubhushan. Guru Gobind Singh: An estimate of his personality and achievements. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 36–38. Banerjee, Kalicharan. Clarion call of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 11(4), 1963, 13–14. Basarke, Narinjan Singh. Sat Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(303), Mar 1979, 8–14. Batra, Ravi. Leadership in the ﬁnest mould: Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: SGPC, 1979. 124p. Bedi, G.S. Guru Gobind Singh: A hero whose worship will bring India peace and contentment. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1934. 20p. Bedi, G.S. Guru Gobind Singh: An appreciation. Sikh Review, 12(125), 1964, 18–23. Bhagat Singh. Catholicity of Guru Gobind Singh: Sikh Review, 7(1), 1959, 11–17.

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Bhagat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The saint-soldier. Spokesman Weekly, 26(15–16), 1976, 15–17. Also in Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 15–19. Bhag Singh. Rishi of Hemkunt. Sikh Review, 35(397), Jan 1987, 5–11. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 32. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The visionary. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 11–14. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The creator of Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 5(1), 1955, 24. Bhasin, Rajindar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The prophet, poet and philosopher: A biography. Delhi: Shilalekh, 2000. 207p. Bhatia, Surjeet Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An apostle of universal brotherhood. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 138–45. Bhatia, Surjeet Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s steps for infusing martial spirit. Sikh Review, 37(4), Apr 1989, 41–48. Bir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore: Montgomery Press, 1874. Biswas, Anjan Baran. Guru Gobind Singh and his universal humanism. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 29–31. Brar, Jarnail Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s personality: A psychological interpretation. Sikh Review, 23(253), Jan 1975, 5–10. Burn, Richard. Gobind Singh. In The Cambridge History of India. Delhi: S. Chand, 1975. Vol. 4: 245–47. Chaterjee, Debendranath. Guru Gobind Singh. Chandernagere: Chaterjee, 1950. 121p. Chawla, Ishar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Architect of modern society. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 43–44. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The Sikh radical sensibility. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 55–73. Chopra, Hiralal. Guru Gobind Singh and social reform. Spokesman Weekly, 17(11), 1967, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 23. Cunningham, J.D. Guru Gobind Singh: The measure of greatness. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 31–32. Daljeet and P.C. Jain. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Aravali Books International, 1999. Das Gupta, R.K. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 56–60. Data, Piara Singh. The saint-soldier: Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2004. 128p. Daulat Rai. Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 23(18), 1974, 9–10. Deane, S.F. Saint warrior Guru Gobind Singh. Ambala Cantt.: Dass Brothers, n.d. 112p. Deora, Man Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A literary survey. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1989. 158p. Dharam Paul. Guru Gobind Singh: Embodiment of the highest virtue. Sikh Review, 12(137), 1965, 26–30. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(33), 1964, 58.

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Dharam Singh. An analytical study of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. 228p. Dharam Singh. Dynamics of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. 159p. Gajrani, S. Guru Gobind Singh: Personality and vision. Patiala: Vision & Venture, 2000. 160p. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The last phase. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 89–101. Gandhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: A great sociologist. Spokesman Weekly, 13(18–19), 1963, 17–18. Garg, Shankar Lal. Guru Gobind Singh: The national hero. Sikh Review, 18(193), 1969, 5–31. Gill, Nirmal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and impersonalisation of Guruship. Sikh Review, 34(388), Apr 1986, 26–27. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Subramanian Bharati’s poem on Guru Gobind Singh: A comparative study of its subject matter and truth content. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 126–32. Gopal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1997. Grewal, K.S. Bibliography of references in Bengali to Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967.13p. Guha, J.C. Guru Gobind Singh: A world hero. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 26–28. Gulcharan Singh. Why Guru Gobind Singh took up sword? Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1990, 35–38. Guleria, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh: The creator of the Khalsa. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(4), Mar 1981, 13–17. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh: The maker of modern Punjab. Spokesman Weekly, 2(1), 1952, 5–6. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A scholar, patriot, poet and reformer. Spokesman Weekly, 4(3), 1954, 41–42. Guru Gobind Singh’s humanism. Sikh Review, 27(301), 1979, 1–2. Guru Gobind Singh in an age of crisis. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 83–87. Habib, Irfan. Documents on the Sikhs and Guru Gobind Singh (From Ahkam-i Alamgiri, 1703– 07.) In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 96–99. Habib, Irfan. Guru Gobind Singh: Notice by Bhimsen, 1708. In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 104–105. Habib, Irfan. The martial exploit and tragic end of a “Son” of Guru Gobind Singh, 1708 (from Abdu’r Rasul, Nairang-i Zamana). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 100–03. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Oneness of humankind: The universal principle as enunciated by Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 47(4), 1999, 20–25. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1966. 183p.

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Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a man of action. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(4), Mar 1981, 10–12. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 10–15. Harcharan Singh. No place for personal Guruship after Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 22(382), Oct 1985, 10–13. Harindar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The upholder of secularism. Sikh Review, 17(181), 1968, 19–21. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 28. Harnam Dass. Guru Gobind Singh: The ideal saint-soldier. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 1956, 21–22. Hartirath Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and secularism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(3), 1990, 16–21. Hazara Singh. Rediscovering Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 36(412), Apr 1988, 21–26. Hoon, V.N. Guru Gobind Singh: The true democrat and Karamyogi. Spokesman Weekly, 31(16), 1982, 11–15. Hoon, V.N. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 13–26. Hukam Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s ideals and achievements. Spokesman Weekly, 3(14–15), 1953, 7. Jagjit Singh. Advent of Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Emancipatory basis of Sikh struggle. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004, 21–28. Jagjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A miraculous psychologist. Spokesman Weekly, 16(42), 1967, 6. Jasjit Kaur. The impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian society. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), 2001, 124–29. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the Khalsa. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1999. 126p. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Light of the universe. Delhi: Wellwish Publishers, 2000. 143p. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Vision, mind and personality. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 130–. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Enkay, 1987. 236p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A multi-faceted personality. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1999. 146p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. New Delhi: Marwah Publications, 1978. 248p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An undying spirit. Delhi: Arsee Publishers, 1999. 128p. Kapoor, Satish K. The hero and the ideal: An interpretation of Swami Vivekananda’s views of Guru Gobind Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 12(2), Aug 1985, 67–76. Kapoor, Sukhbir S. Guru Gobind Singh. Edgware: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1996. 22p.

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Kartar Singh. Story of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1995. 94p. Kharak Singh. Nash doctrine: Guru Gobind Singh’s gift of ﬁve freedoms. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 72–91. Khullar, Pranav. The miracle wrought by Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 23–24. Khushwant Singh. Gobind Singh. In Encyclopedia of Religions. New York: Macmillan, 1987. Vol. 13: 331–33. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 19–20. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(328), Apr 1981, 13–18; and 35(397), Jan 1987, 13–18. Khushwant Singh and Vir Singh. Homage to Guru Gobind Singh. Bombay: Jaico, 1970. 100p. 2nd Ed. Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the eminent historians. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1951, 16. Kirpal Singh. Signiﬁcance of contemporary Persian sources relating to Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 44(94), Aut–Sum 2002, 27–30. Ladha Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the democracy in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 65; and 18(33), 1969, 53. Lakshman Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The saviour. Sikh Review, 8(1), 1959, 17–22. Latif, Syed Mohd. Guru Gobind Singh: Birth of a nation. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 32–33. Loehlin, C.H. Guru Gobind Singh: A great prophet, hero and liberator. Spokesman Weekly, 16(37), 1967, 5–7. Loehlin, C.H. The tenth Guru Gobind Singh and the growth of Khalsa brotherhood. Ph.D. Thesis. Hartford Seminary Foundation, 1957. Maheep Singh. The doctrine of war as propounded by Sri Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 111–24. Mahinder Singh. A glimpse of Sri Dasmesh. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 24–27. Maini, Darshan Singh. Star over Patna: Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 25(408), Dec 1987, 7–12. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Achievements of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 18(189), Apr 1969, 26–27. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(180), 1969, 14; and 18(189), 1969, 26–27. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His basic ideas. Spokesman Weekly, 25(19), 1976, 17–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh and Dharamjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Cosmic hero. New Delhi: India Book House, 1967. 140p. Mehta, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his vision. Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 23–24. Mehtab Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great humanitarian: Sikh Review, 6(4), 1958, 36–39. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(18–19), 1963, 24. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his creation. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 10–14.

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Nadkarni, S.K. Guru Gobind Singh: The saint soldier. Sikh Review, 18(194), Sep 1969, 12–15. Nagi, Gurdeep Kaur. Relevance of Guru Gobind Singh today. Spokesman Weekly, 29(21), 1980, 4. Narain Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The warrior saint. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 42p. Narang, Des Raj. Charisma of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 28–29. Narang, Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique builder. Spokesman Weekly, 16(40), 1967, 5. Narayan, Visanji. Guru Gobind Singh. Bombay: The author, 1928. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Aims and activity of Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 31–36. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh injunction against smoking. Spokesman Weekly, 25(19), 1976, 35. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique nation builder. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 97–101. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Relations of Guru Gobind Singh with contemporary Hill Chiefs as depicted in Sri Gur Sabha. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1986, 105–10. Nihal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 13–20. Onkar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A true servant of God. Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 37–38. Onkar Singh. Saint soldiers of the tenth master. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 28–30. Param Bakhshish Singh and R.K. Ghai. Guru Gobind Singh and the Sikh polity. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, 1987, 159–62. Parkash Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great spiritual leader, a unique builder. Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 29–30. Partap Singh. The vision of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Sikh Review, 51(8), Aug 2003, 9. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s culture and Vir-ras. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 15. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh: The consummate artist. Sikh Review, 8(4), 1960, 8–11. Phul, Tarlok Singh. Renunciation of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jun 1969, 14–16. Prabhjot Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 14(153), 1966, 26–30. Puran Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Reﬂection and offerings. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1966. 119p. Raghubir Singh. Max Arthur Macauliffe on Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, 1987, 102–105. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the structure of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 9(4), 1961, 20–22. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His struggle for secularism. Sikh Review, 5(4), 1957, 32–26.

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Rajnish Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh: The conﬂuence of Bhakti, Shakti and Sarsvati. Sikh Review, 26(292), 1978, 33–34. Rakshit, A.C. Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1919. Ramdev, Jaginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A descriptive bibliography. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 260p. Ranganathananda, Swami. Swami Vivekananda on Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 35(397), Jan 1987, 31(33). Sachkhandi, Parkash. The glazing light of divine region: Guru Gobind Singh. Sargodha: Punjab Kav Phulwari, n.d. 24p. Safeer, Pritam Singh. The tenth master. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1983. 128p. Sanehi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh as an historian. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 104–109. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories I: (Guru Gobind Singh). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1991. 78p. Saran Singh. Rivers in the life of Guru Gobind Singh: A personal experience. Sikh Review, 37(1), Jan 1989, 18–20. Sarangal, Tilak Raj and Sewa Ram Sarangal. Guru Gobind Singh: The Sikh heritage & faith. Lehra Gaga, District Sangrur, Punjab: Chehre Prakashan, 1999. 134p. Seetal, Sohan Singh. Prophet of man: Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Lyall Book Depot, 1968. 400p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s prayer. Journal of Religious Studies, 21, Spr 1992, 49–56. Sethi, Amarjit Singh. Study of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 6–12. Sewak, S.N. Guru Gobind Singh: The apostle of universal brotherhood. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 118p. Shagana Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and Bhim Chand Kahluria. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, 1991, 107–112. Shamsher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A saint soldier. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Also in Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 6–12. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’ sermon on the mount. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 11–22. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 71p. Sharma, Inderjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The mighty crusader. Spokesman Weekly, 16(32– 33), 1967, 56. Also in Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 5–7. Sher Singh. Facets of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953, 17–13; and 7(8), 1959, 78–95. Sher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s personality. Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 41–45. Sidhu, Shusheel Kaur. Spirit of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 25(279), 1977, 43–45.

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Sikka, Ajit Singh. Forty ballads about Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Sikka Publishing House, 1995. 64p. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: India’s prophet of destiny. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 30–32. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: The shaper of the psyche of the cyclonic Sikhs. Sikh Review, 30(352), 1983, 45–47. Sodhi, S.S. Saintliness of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 20(325), 1981, 25–26. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1996, 36–39. Subeg Singh. Social and political thought of Guru Gobind Singh. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1985. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Creator of a new order. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 24–27. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. The impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian society: A socio-ethical interpretation of the Sikh religion. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 126p. Trilochan Singh. Creative genius of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1964, 27–33. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh on history. Spokesman Weekly, 7(1), 1957, 11. Also in Sikh Review, 7(1), 1958, 25–31. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh ﬁrst encounter with Banda based on Bhai Nath’s bardic song: Safarnamah in Persian. Sikh Review, 36(409), Jan 1988, 5–14. Trilochan Singh. Personality of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 5(15), 1955, 21; Sikh Review, 2(4), 1954, 25–26. Ujjal Singh. Impact of Guru Gobind Singh in Indian society. Spokesman Weekly, 16(28), 1967, 5–6. Uppal. S.S., Ed. Guru Gobind Singh: The saviour. New Delhi: SGTB Khalsa College, 1969. 244p. Vaswani, T.L. Greatness of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1965, 4–20. Vaswani, T.L. Gobind Singh: The Guru. Sikh Review, 34(385), Jan 1986, 5–16; and 32(364), 1984, 16–26. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Gobind Singh: A soldier of the spirit. Sikh Review, 50(1), 2002, 23–24. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Gobind Singh: A world hero. Sikh Review, 5(12), 1957, 3–7. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh in history. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1989. 268p. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh on the canvas of history. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1995. 200p. 2.10.1. Biography Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Guru Gobind Singh, his life and Bani. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 231p. Anand, J.S. Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 7–11. Balbir Singh. Gobind Singh: The life sketch. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 12–15.

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Balbir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s life at Anandpur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 19(38–39), 1970, 11. Bal, S.S. Problem of Sikh headquarters during Guru Gobind Singh’s proliferating. Sikh Review, 18(188), Mar 1969, 13–23. Banerjee, A.C. Last years of Guru Gobind Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 68–78. Banerji, Indu Bhushan. Guru Gobind Singh: An estimate of his personality and achievement. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 36–38. Bhinder, K.S. Last days of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 18–19. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh, 1666–1708. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 40p. Dalip Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Amritsar: Bhai Chatter Singh, Jiwan Singh, 2002. Dalip Singh. Life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 8(12), 1960, 5–26; and 22(242), 1974, 6–21. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Life story of Sri Satguru Gobind Singh Ji Maharaj and some of his hymns. Chandigarh: The author, 1974. 68p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. In his Sikh Guru: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: Vikas, 1980, pp. 186–214. Fateh Singh. Brief life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Amritsar: Punjab Translating and Publishing House, 1926. 176p. Fauja Singh. Date of birth of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 53–54. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s death at Nanded. An examination of succession theories. Faridkot: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1973. 136p. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The last phase. Panjab Past and Present, 17(1), Apr 1983, 1–14. Ganda Singh. Last days of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: The Durbar, 1941. Gopal Singh. Prophet of hope: The life of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 80p. Gopal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1969. 140p. 3rd Ed. Grewal, J.S. and S.S. Bal. Guru Gobind Singh: A biographical study. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 280p. Gulati, S.P. Guru Gobind Singh: Life and achievements. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 2 Vols. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh’s early life. In his History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Gurus, 1469–1708. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984, pp. 224–47. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a father. Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 15–17. Habib, Irfan. Guru Gobind Singh and his family, after his death to 1759–60 (From Chaturman, Chahar Gulshan). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 163–68. Jagjit Singh, K. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. Bombay: Pritpal Kaur, 1967. 199p.

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Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A biography. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 226p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. New Delhi: Marwah Publications, 1979. 248p. Kapil Sastry, T.V. Guru Gobind Singh: A life sketch. Sikh Review, 11(1), 1963, 4–16. Kartar Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1968. 306p. 3rd Ed. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The man. Sikh Review, 51(2), Feb 2003, 32–36. Kirpal Singh. Early life of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 45(95), Spr–Sum 2003, 25–28. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 25–30. Kirpal Singh. Facts about martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 4(1), 1956, 32–37. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Life and ideals of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1986. 148p. Kohli, Surinder Singh and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. Guru Gobind Singh: His life, personality and achievement. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1977. 135p. Kulraj Singh. Life story of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 26(289), 1978, 5–10. Kunt Singh. Life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 4(1), 1965, 5–19. Lakshman Singh. Short sketch of the life and work of Guru Gobind Singh: The tenth and the last Guru of Sikhs. Lahore: Tribune Steam Press, 1909. 186p. (Reprinted by Language Department Punjab, 1970). Maan, Arjan Singh. Short life-sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, n.d. 20p. Mahinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’ life: A beacon light of history. Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 20. Maini, Darshan Singh. A biographical sketch of Guru Gobind Singh for children. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 25p. Maini, Darshan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The word, the seed and the song. Sikh Courier, 40(89), Spr–Sum 2000, 36–40. Malcolm, John. Guru Gobind. In his Sketch of the Sikhs: Their origin, customs and manners. Chandigarh: Vinay Publications, 1981, pp. 33–62. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1976. Nair, Durga Parshad. Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 12, Apr 1964, 67–74. Nair, Durga Parshad. Panoramic view of Guru Gobind Singh’s life. Sikh Review, 12(125), 1964, 4–14. Natesan, G.A. Guru Gobind Singh. In Ramanand to Ram Tirth: Lives of the saints of Northern India including the Sikh Gurus. Madras: The author, n.d., pp. 140–69. Peace, M.L. When Guru Gobind Singh had to live on ﬂowers. Sikh Review, 9(2), 1962, 52–55. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s installation. Sikh Review, 9(12), 1961, 41–48. Preparatory years of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 16–20. Puran Singh. Tenth Master. Ludhiana: Sahitya Sangam, 1960. 175p.

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Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency. n.d. Puran Singh. Victory of faith or the story of the martyrdom of four sons of Shri Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, 1908. 51 + 15p. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His lifework. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 27–28. Rattan Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s life supreme Tapasiya. Sikh Review, 16(178), 1968, 42–45. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 59–66. Sahib Singh. Life history of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 15(34), 1966, 5, 10; 15(35), 1966, 5–6; 15(36), 1966, 5,11; 15(37), 1966, 5, 11; 15(38), 1966, 8–9, 15; 15(39), 1966, 5; 15(40), 1966, 5; and 15(41–48), 1966. Sahib Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Life history, his mission and signiﬁcance of four breeches and ﬁve symbols of Khalsa discipline. Jullundur: Raj Publishers, 1967. 255p. Satbir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His life and message. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 48–50. Sher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His life sketch. Amritsar: Jaidev Singh, n.d. 40p. Sher Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: The author, 1932. 158p. Singh, G.B. and D.R. Narang. Correct date of birth of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 125–44. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, March 1991, 98–106. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: India’s prophet of destiny. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 30–32. Taran Singh. Education of Guru Gobind Singh and other Sikh Gurus. Spokesman Weekly, 7(1) 1957, 14. Teja Singh. Life story of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 8(1), 1950, 3–16. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s assassination. Sikh Review, 11(10), 1963, 13–38. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A life sketch. Sikh Review, 32(337), 1982, 5–23. Trilochan Singh. Brief life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 36p. Trilochan Singh and Anurag Singh. A brief account of life and works of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2002. Wylam, P.M. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 10(1), 1962, 8–18. 2.10.2. Philosophy Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh and survival ethos. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 45–47. Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh and spiritual awakening. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 16–17. Amarjit Singh. Universal and humanistic element in the writings of the tenth Guru. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 79–88. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(22), 27 Jan 1986. Astha, Dharam Pal. Guru Gobind Singh’s new conception of God: The lord of war. Sikh Review, 10(1), 1962, 32–33.

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Astha, Dharam Pal. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of unity and mankind. Sikh Review, 10(4), 1962, 31–33. Attar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s vision of religious evolution of man. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 4(1–2), 1980, 85–97. Also in Sikh Courier, 34(78), Aut– Win, 1994, 17–22. Avtar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s theory of Karma. Sikh Review, 23(256), 1975, 32–36. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(39), Jun 8, 1987, 3–5; and in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 193– 200. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Gobind Singh and the Shakti cult. Sikh Review, 24(268), 1976, 21–29; and 29(328), 1981, 24–33. Chhabra, G.S. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 14(19–20), 1965, 18; and 15(31–32), 1966, 41. Dalip Singh. Guru Gobind Singh conception of an ideal man and an ideal holy order. Sikh Review, 6(6), 1958, 45–48. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 40(4), Apr 1992, 5–12. Dharam Singh. Social philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), 2000, 65–77. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s heroic conception of divine. Spokesman Weekly, 30(28), 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of God. Spokesman Weekly, 32(16), 1982, 17. Goel, Dharamendra. Guru Gobind Singh: The mystic will. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 74–78. Iqbal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of God. Spokesman Weekly, 25(32–33), 1976, 43–44. Kapoor, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of an ideal man. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1984. Khan, Abdul Majid. Muslim devotees of Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 12(2), Oct 1978, 402–404. Loehlin, C.H. Guru Gobind Singh and the Bhagawad Gita. Sikh Review, 30(348), Dec 1982, 24–28. Maheep Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s vision of the Saint Soldier. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 29. Matharu, Dharam Singh. An analytical study of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1993. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of Devi and miracles. Spokesman Weekly, 16(23), 1967, 9–12. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of time, history and religion. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), Jan–Jun 1991, 48–61.

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Muthumohan, N. Spirituo-temporal synthesis in the thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(4), Oct–Dec 2001, 26–31. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique nation builder. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1991, 97–101. Neki, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s metaphysics of time and eternity. Sikh Review 48(3), Mar 2000. Paramjeet Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1999, 20–26. Paramvir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s philosophy of Subh Karman. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1994. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 24(271), 1976, 5–12. Pritam Kaur. Philosophy of action and Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 21(31), 1972, 37–38. Ranbir Singh. Glimpses of Guru Gobind Singh. In his Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 220– 378. Rao, K.L. Seshagiri. Religious dialogue & the Sikh perspective: Vision of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 12–17. Ray, Niharranjan. Guru Gobind Singh and after in Sikh society Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1990, 9–28. Saigal, Ram Lal. Guru Gobind Singh and the equality of mankind. Sikh Review, 22(242), 1974, 30–34. Sangat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s universal humanism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 106–108. Sangat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of God as Lord of war. Spokesman Weekly, 20(31), 1971, 26. Shamsuddin. Guru Gobind Singh: Saviour of humanity. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 16–18. Sher Singh. Social and political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 283p. Singha, Amrit. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of death. Sikh Review, 21(230), 1973, 15–16. Swarn Singh. Political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 28(30), 1979, 3–4. Taran Singh. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1964, 4–13; 26(289), 1978, 11–18; and 32(337), 1982, 26–32. Tiwana, Paramjit Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh and its impact on present thinking in education. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. 414p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of an ideal man and an ideal holy order. Sikh Review, 6(4), 1958, 10–21; 6(8), 1958, 15–21; and 6(9), 1958, 51–59; Trilochan Singh. Social philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(312), 1979, 18–35.

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Wazir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of nation. In his Philosophy of Sikh Religion. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publishers, 1981, pp. 111–16. Wazir Singh. Value system of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 29–35. 2.10.3. Travels Bajwa, Fauja Singh, Ed. Travels of Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1968. 38p. Darbara Singh. Guru Gobind Singh goes to Deccan. Spokesman Weekly, 30(32–33), 1981, 17–18. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh at Agra. Spokesman Weekly, 29(31), 1980, 5–6. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh in Hakhi Jungle (April 1705). Sikh Review, 20(219), 1972, 12–14. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s visit to Rawalsar. Spokesman Weekly, 15(31–32), 1966, 43–44, 46. Ladha Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s return from Patna to Anandpur. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 25. Martyn, J.A.K. Guru Gobind Singh and Paonta. Panchbati Sandesh. 2(2), Oct 1979, 29–36. Nahar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s visit to Rawalsar (Mandi State). Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 29p. Ranjit Singh. Why Guru Gobind Singh went to Deccan? Spokesman Weekly, 5(1), 1955, 21–22. Sukhdial Singh. Oral traditions as a source of Guru Gobind Singh’s travels. Panjab Past and Present, 19(2), Oct 1985, 309–314. 2.10.4. Teachings Balbir Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, Apr–Jun 1998, 2–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 39–40; Sikh Review, 27(312), 1979, 5–11; 30(348), 1982, 5–11; and in Sachkhand Patra, Jul 1986, 11–16. Buxi, Lochan Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh: The saint soldier. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 70–76. Dharam Paul. Tenth Guru and his teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 7(14–15), 1957, 28. Gurdial Singh. Religious views of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(36), 1967, 5–6. Hazara Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 20(222), 1972, 31–33; and 26(280), 1978, 28–30. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 17–18. Hazara Singh. Thus spake Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 29(16–17), 1979, 19–20; and 21(17), 1971, 31–32. Ishar Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 29(16–17), 1979, 15–17. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s message. Spokesman Weekly, 33(19–20), 19–20.

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Panikkar, K.M. Guru Gobind Singh: The great Sikh teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 3–4, 30. Satbir Singh. Sri Dasmesh: His life and message. Sikh Review, 37(1), Jan 1989, 9–13. Taran Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 33. 2.10.5. As Poet Astha, Dharam Pal. Aesthetic evaluation of Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 28(316), 1980, 27–38; and 31(349), 1983, 35–48. Attar Singh. Poetic art of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 21–22. Bhardwaj, Ramdatt. Guru Gobind Singh as a writer. Sikh Review, 26(289), 1978, 52–54. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 2(22), 1952, 4. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry of worship and chivalry. Panchbati Sandesh, 10(3), Jan 1988, 4–8. Also in Sikh Review, 27(301), 1979, 17–20. Jaggi, Ratan Singh. Nationalistic spirit in the poetry of Guru Gobind Singh. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (Simla), 4, 1967, 154–63. Jeet, Gurmukh Singh. Glimpses of Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 17(19), 1968, 29–30. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 2(50–51), 1952, 29. Maheep Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his Hindi poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 13(21), 1964, 10. Mehta, Puran Chand Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The poet laureate. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 25 & 37. Mehtab Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great poet. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 6(3), 1956, 78. Mohan, Lajja Devi. Shri Guru Gobind Singh as a Hindi poet. Vishvesvaranand Indological Journal, 13(1–2), 1975, 200–215. Mohinder Pal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The soul stirring poet. Organiser, 7 Nov, 1977, 33. Oberoi, Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Lahore: University Sikh Association, 1932. 15p. Paul, J.S. Poetic works of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 24(17), 1975, 25. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 11(1), 1963, 34–39. Rahman, Mujibur. Guru Gobind Singh and his contribution to Persian literature. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 39–47. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An epic poet. Spokesman Weekly, 28(19–20), 1979, 18. 2.10.6. Mission Balbir Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 90–94. Dharmanant Singh. Glimpses of the mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 12–15.

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Jagjit Singh. The mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 38(12), Dec 1990, 5–15. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1986, 11. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Mission of Guru Gobind Singh in historical perspective. Spokesman Weekly, 26(31–32), 1977, 15–16. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Aim and method. Spokesman Weekly, 33(19–20), 1984, 15–16. 2.10.7. Battles Dhillon, Dalbir Singh and Shangana Singh Bhullar. Battles of Guru Gobind Singh New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1990. 129p. Fauja Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s military genius. Sikh Review, 32(337), Jan 1982, 33–39. Iqbal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s cult and militarism. Spokesman Weekly, 23(18), 1974, 23–24. Johar, Surinder Singh. Battle of Chamkaur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 26(15–16), 1976, 29–30. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Battle of Bhagnani. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 1956, 27–28. Peace, M.L. Battle of Chamkaur. Sikh Review, 8(2), 1960, 43–48. Rajinder Singh. Battle of Bhagnani. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 19–20. Ranjit Singh. War policy and military genius of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 12(33), 1963, 29–30, 66. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Battle of life: How Guru Gobind Singh ji fought it: Military aspects of Sikhism. Lahore: Ranjit Press, 1919. 28p. Did or did not Guru Gobind Singh die at Nanded? Sikh Review, 20(218), 1972, 2–3. Shagana Singh. Nature and the impact of the battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 74–79. Sunder Singh. Battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa College Research Department, 1935. 78p. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Battle of Nadaum: First victory of Guru Gobind Singh against the Mughal. Panjab Past and Present, 20(1), Apr 1986, 69–74. Also in Sikh Review, 38(12), Dec 1990, 16–19; and Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1986, 25–26. Virdi, Harbans Singh. Battles on blue steed. Chandigarh: Writer’s Foundation, 1999. 117p. 2.10.8. Relations with Mughal Emperors Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Sikhs and the Muslim state. Sikh Review, 21(239), Oct 1973, 5–19. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal empire. Sikh Review, 33(382), Oct 1985, 31–33. Fauja Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s struggle with the Mughals with special reference to his art of warfare. Missionary, 3(9), Dec 1961, 71–82. Grewal, J.S. Bahadur Shah and Guru Gobind Singh. In his From Guru Nanak to Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Essays in Sikh History. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1972, pp. 67–71.

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Grewal, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 35–39. Gurmit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and Emperor Bahadur Shah. Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1986, 17–33. Harpreet Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with Aurangzeb. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 17–33. Joginder Singh. Revealing dialogue between Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(4), Mar 1983, 29–30. Kapur Singh. Letters of Guru Gobind Singh to Aurangzeb. Sikh Review, 28(318), 1980, 49–56. Kartar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughals. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 130p. Kirpal Singh. Political aspect of Bahadur Shah’s relations with Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 34(385), Jan 1986, 27–33. Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s relation with Bahadur Shah as emperor. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 50–51. Letters of Guru Gobind Singh to Aurangzeb. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 75–82. Nannar, Harpreet Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with Emperor Bahadur Shah. Sikh Review, 30(352), 1983, 38–44. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(16), 1982, 27–30. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s response to Mughal despotism. Spokesman Weekly, 31(76), 1982, 22. Surjit Singh. Sikh-Mughal relations. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 43–47. Surma, M.S. Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. Spokesman Weekly, 20(18), 1971, 29–30. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with emperor Aurangzeb. Sikh Courier, 31(72), Aut–Sum 1991, 12–14. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Khanzada’s expedition: An abortive offensive of the Mughals against Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 24(2), Oct 1990, 277–83. 2.10.9. Five Beloved Ashok, Shamsher Singh. Panj Piare (the ﬁve beloved). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 282–84. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. The ﬁve beloved ones. Sikh Courier, 38(85), Spr–Sum 1998, 16–19. Also in Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 35–38. Gulcharan Singh. Signiﬁcance of ﬁve. Spokesman Weekly, 23(31), 1974, 40. Hardit Singh. Collective authority of Panj Piaras. Sikh Review, 48(3), Mar 2000. Hardit Singh. Institution of Punj Piaras. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 1(4) Oct–Dec 1998, 56–60. Madanjit Kaur. Institution of Panj Piaras: Its potential and present perspective. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 144–58. Also in Sikh Review, 44(4), Apr 1996, 17–22.

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Meharvan Singh. Concept of ﬁve in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(50), 1980, 5. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Did Bhai Sahib Singh, one of the Panj Piaras hail from Nangal Shahidan? Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 49–56. Also in Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 19–25. Vaswani, T.L. Beloved ﬁve. Sikh Review, 30(340), Apr 1982, 11–14. 2.10.10. Baptism Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Baptismal Amrit: Sociological signiﬁcance. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 82–84. Brahma Singh. Amrit: The eternalising nostrum. Sikh Review, 27(304), 1979, 17–24. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Amrit: The source of peace and glory. Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 39–43. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. The blessing of Guru Gobind Singh’s Amrit. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 18–23. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Signiﬁcance of Amrit. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 25–27. Darbara Singh. Guru Gobind Singh administers Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), 1979, 27–28. Dhillon, Daljit Singh. Amrit: Its meaning and & perception. Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 39–41. Dhillon, Daljit Singh. Amrit: Signiﬁcance & perception. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 99–101. Gulcharan Singh. Effects of Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 28(33–34), 1972, 35–36. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Amrit. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 102–103. Jamna Singh. Guru Gobind Singh Ji & the alchemy of Amrit. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 24–27. Kapur Singh. Administration of Amrit. Sikh Review, 27(304), 1979, 17–24. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Baptism of steel. Spokesman Weekly, 16(32–33), 1967, 19–21; and 21(31), 1972, 23–25. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the elixir of immortality. Spokesman Weekly, 19(13–14), 1959, 27–28. Narain Singh. It is the name—Amrit that makes the Amrit-sarovar bath. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(1), Feb 1982, 20–28. Parminder Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of baptism (Khande-di-pahul ): A comparative perspective. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1991. Peace, M.L. Baptismal ceremony. Spokesman Weekly, 9(13–14), 1959, 55. Rajinder Singh. The alchemy of Amrit. Sikh Review, 18(198), Apr–May 1970, 9–10. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(33), 1969, 39. Randhir Singh. The meaning of Sikh baptism. Ludhiana: Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust, 1997. 64p.

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Santokh Singh. Importance of Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 24(28), 1975, 29. Also in Sikh Review, 23(258), Jun 1975, 22–23. Surjeet Singh. The ingredients of Amrit. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 102–109. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Sacrament of Amrit in Sikh society. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 8–12. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 31(30), Apr 1982, 27–28. Taran Singh. Pahul or Amrit Sanskar. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 263–66. Wylam, P.M. Spiritual meaning of Amrit. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 77–84.

3. Sikh Scriptures & Gurbani Amarjit Singh. Concept of Hukam and the nature of its main facets in Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 28(314), Feb–Mar 1980, 21–23. Amarjit Singh. Concept of Hukam in Sikh sacred literature with special reference to moral responsibility. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. Atamjit Singh. Concept of healing in the Sikh scriptures. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 53–57. Atamjit Singh. Concept of Sikh scriptures. Spokesman Weekly, 37(6), 19 Oct, 1987, 4–5. Banerjee, Himadri. Non Sikh perception of the Sikh sacred literature: A view from Eastern India. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh sacred literature. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 101–108. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh sacred texts: A view from Eastern India. Paper presented at the Conference on Inner Dynamics of Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev University (Amritsar), Oct 17–19, 2002. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Interpreting Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 25–28. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Scientiﬁc interpretation of Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 40(7), Jul 1992, 5–20. Chahal, Devinder Singh. The Sikh scripture and world peace. Sikh Review, 43(12), Dec 1995, 11–14. Chahal, Devinder Singh. System for referencing Bani from the Granth: The Sikh holy scriptures. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Daljeet Singh. Nam and Sabad. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 40–65. Daljit Singh (Raja). Voice of Gurus: Selected from Sikh scriptures by Raja Sir Daljit Singh and rendered into English by Sir Jogender Singh. Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 93p. Doel, Jeevan. Illustration and illumination in Sikh scriptural manuscripts. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural sources: The question of authenticity. Journal of Religious Studies, 34(1–2), Spr–Aut 2003, 117–27. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition. In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 100–120. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition: Myth and reality. Amritsar: Singh Bros; 1999. 308p. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition: The process of canonization. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 127–49.

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Dhillon, Balwant Singh. The formation of the Sikh scripture. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Har Sahai Pothi: Myth of early corpus of Sikh scripture. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), 1996, 33–54. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. The Sikh experience of scriptural truth. Journal of Sikh Studies 27(1), 2003, 1–8. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Textual analysis of the Sikh scripture. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 1–10. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Tradition in Gurbani transmission and the rival traditions. Journal of Religious Studies, 31(1–2), 2000, 138–52. Dhillon, Dalbir Singh. Development of illustrations on the Sikh sacred writings. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 156–61. Dusenbery, Verne A. The word as Guru: Sikh scripture and the translation controversy. History of Religions, 31(4), May 1992, 385–405. Fenech, Lou. Persian Sikh scripture: The Ghazals of Bhai Nand Lal Goya. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 1(1), Jan–June 1994, 49–70. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of God in Sikh scriptures. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 95–101. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. God in Sikh scriptures. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(2), Sep 1982, 47–53. Gobind Singh. Sikh scriptures. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), 29 Annual Number, 1980, 27–30. Gurdev Singh. Activism is integral to the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Gurdev Singh. The Sikh scripture: Inspiration for action. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 48–59. Harbans Singh. English translation of the Sikh scripture. In K.S. Bedi and S. S. Bal, Eds. Essays on history, literature, art and culture. New Delhi: Atma Ram, 1970, pp. 139–46. Harchand Singh. Understanding of the Sikh scripture. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 6–9. Harpinderjit Kaur. The idea of Sikh Rahit in Sri Gurpartap Suraj Granth by Santokh Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1996. 421p. Jodh Singh. Environmental perceptions in the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 15–21. Jhubal, Aridman Singh. Babar Bani as source of history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 36th session, Mar 2004, 155–68. Johar, Surinder Singh. The holy scriptures. In his Handbook on Sikhs. Delhi: Vivek Publishers, 1977, pp. 43–59. Kapur Singh. Glossary of terms commonly used in Sikh writings. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 55–61. Khanpuri, Jagjit Singh. Understanding the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 41(11), Nov 1993, 28–30.

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Khushwant Singh. Hymns of the Gurus. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2003. 222p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. The Sikh scriptures and other basic religious literature. In his Real Sikhism. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 1994, pp. 218–28. Kulwant Singh. The Sikh scriptures, literature and modern technology. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), Feb 2000, 1–10. Loehlin, C.H. The Sikhs and their scriptures. Lucknow: Lucknow Publishing House, 1958. 90p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Holy scriptures of the Sikhs. In Darshan Singh, Ed. Western image of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1999. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Holy writings of the Sikhs: A paper partially read before the Aryan section of the Congress of Orientalists in Paris in 1897 and published in “Asiatic Quarterly Review for 1898.” Allahabad: Christian Association Press, 1900. 20p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The Sikh religion, its Gurus, sacred writings and authors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909. 6 Vols. Mann, Gurinder Singh. The making of Sikh scripture. Ph.D. Thesis. New York: Columbia University, 1992. 321p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Study of the Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 30(343), Jul 1982, 20–31. McLeod, W.H., Ed. Textual sources for the study of Sikhism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. 166p. Nazar Singh. History of Sikh scripture’s translations: Idea up to Trum pp. Journal of Sikh Studies, 19, 1995, 35–46. Nazer Singh. The Sikh scripture: Early Western understanding. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Hermeneutic of Sikh scripture. Journal of Religious Studies, 21(2), 1992, 136–54. Nirbhai Singh. Guru-Bani and Bhakata-Bani: A philosophical analysis. Journal of Religious Studies, 22(2), 1991, 20–34. Nirmal Singh. Suffering: A perspective from the Sikh scripture. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Apr–Jun 2003, 50–54. Parveen Kumar. Hymn of cosmology: Maru Solhe Mahala-I. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 197–202. Pashaura Singh. An early Sikh scriptural tradition: The Guru Nanak Dev University manuscript 1245. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 1(2), Jul–Dec1994, 197–222. Peep into Sikhism: A few ﬂowers culled from the holy scriptures. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, n.d. 32p. Premka Kaur, Comp. Peace lagoon: The song of Guru Nanak, Guru Amar Das, Guru Arjan and Guru Gobind Singh. California: Spiritual Community, 1974. 223p. 2nd Ed. Pritam Singh. Bhai Banno’s copy of Sikh scripture. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1984, 98–115. Rai Jasbir Singh. Genre of Maru Solhe Mahala I. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(2), 2003, 85–90.

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Sagar, Sabinderjit Singh. Historical analysis of Guru Nanak Parkash by Santokh Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Saran Singh. The Sikh scripture & its revolutionary message. Sikh Review, 41(12), Dec 1993, 7–12. Sauch, Gispert. Scripture as a generic concept. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Shackle, C. Non-Sanskritic vocabulary of the later Sikh Gurus. Bulletin of the School of the Oriental and African Studies (London), XLVII(I), 1984, 76–107. Shan, Harnam Singh. Religion as deﬁned in the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 41(9), Sept 1993, 6–11. Surinder Singh. Methodologies of explicating the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 10–14. Trilochan Singh. Selections from the sacred writings of the Sikhs. Revised by George S. Frazer. New York: Aamuel Weiser, 1973. 228p.

3.1. Gurbani Advani, K.V. Empathy and divine melody of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 18(194), Sep 1969, 32–. Bhogal, Balpinder. Interpretative ideals concerning Sikhism and Gurbani. Sikh Bulletin, 13, 1996, 11–15. Bindra, Onkar Singh. Gurbani misinterpreted. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Astrology and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Chahal, Devinder Singh. System of referencing Gurbani. Sikh Review, 47(5), May 1999, 20–27. Dalip Singh. Concept of God in Gurbani. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(3), Jul–Sep 2002, 12–16. Dhaliwal, Avtar Singh. Consciousness and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Tradition in Gurbani transmission and the rival traditions. Journal of Religious Studies, 31(1–2), 2000, 138–52. Gopinder Kaur. How successfully can English translations hope to convey the purpose of Gurbani. Sikh Bulletin, 14, 1997, 14–19. Grewal, Mehar Singh. Scientiﬁc interpretation of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 41(7), Jul 1993, 21–31. Guleria, J.S. Magic of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 28(51), 25 Aug 1980, 3–4. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Elements of meditation in Gurbani: What you should not seek. Sikh Review, 46(3), Mar 1998, 12–15. Harchand Singh. Translation of Gurbani. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 69–73. Harchand Singh. Understanding Gurbani: A question of approach and methodology. Sikh Review, 41(6), Jun 1993, 17–23.

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Harkirat Singh. Correct pronunciation of Gurbani. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(3), Jul–Sep 2003, 94–96. Harkirat Singh. Phonology of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 26–28. Jameet Singh. Gandhiji’s discovery of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 18(190), May 1969, 11–16. Jasbir Kaur. Theory and practice of education as depicted in Sikh Gurus Bani. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 277p. Jodh Singh. Manmukh in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 27–32. Joginder Singh. Coming alive with the Gurbani. Sikh Review, 49(1), Jan 2001, 8–9. Joginder Singh. Gurbani ’s correct interpretation. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Jan–Mar 2003, 34–38. Joginder Singh. Gurbani Vichar. Spokesman Weekly, 31(30), 1982, 33–34. Joginder Singh. Healing touch of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 33(16), 19 Dec 1983, 4–5. Kapoor, S.S. Gurbani = God’s word. New Delhi: Hemkunt, 1994. 220p. Khushdeva Singh. Teaching of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 33(16), 19 Dec 1983, 4–5. Kirpal Singh. Recitation of Gurbani and psychotherapy. Spokesman Weekly, 32(21), 1983, 4–5. Manjeet Singh. Gurbani and science: A study. Delhi: Gurdas Kapur, 1973. 139p. Manjeet Singh. Peep into story of publication of Gurbani and science: A study. New Delhi: The author, 1972. Manmohan Singh. Consciousness of reality and truth in Eastern and Western thought and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Manmohan Singh. Faith in age of science: A study of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 52(3), Mar 2004, 9–12. Manmohan Singh. Science in Gurbani. Atam Science, Jan–Mar 2004, 35–37. Mann, T.S. Problem of decoding Gurbani: The revealed word. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr 1995, 80–90. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh. Gurbani in English: Translating celestial poetry. Sikh Review, 48(6) Jun 2000, 15–21. Parwana, Lekh Raj. Cosmic view of life in Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 36(47), 3 Aug, 1987, 3–4. Prithipal Singh. Gurbani and science: Some striking comparisons. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 19–24. Rai Jasbir Singh. Scientiﬁc temper and Gurbani. Punjab Past and Present, 29(1–2), Apr–Oct 1995, 39–41. Raina, Amrit. Nature as source of education in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 51(3), Mar 2003, 37–39. Raina, Amrit. Vision of Gursikh in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 47(8), Aug 1999, 14–19. Santokh Singh. Gurbani as guide to administration. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sep 1975, 43–44. Tarninder Singh. Saints and saintliness in Gurbani. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(3), Oct–Dec 2002, 11–13.

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3.2. Guru Granth Sahib Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Granth Sahib. Vedanta Kesari (Madras), 75(11–12), Nov–Dec 1988, 488–92. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Introduction to Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 41(10), Oct 1992, 12–16. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The eternal Guru: Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 36(50), Aug 24, 1987, 3–4. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Granth: The religio-cultural heritage of India. Sikh Review, 25(287), Nov 1977, 5–7. Ajeet Singh. Truth as the supreme reality in the Guru Granth Sahib. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 189–90. Alag, Sarup Singh. An introduction to Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Fremont, California: Management and Sangat of Gurdwara Sahib, 1997. 200p. Ali, A. Nam and value system of Guru Granth Sahib. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 149–56. Amandeep Singh. Philosophical analysis of Maru Solahe in Guru Granth Sahib. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1994. Amar Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: The Bible of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 44((9), Sept 1996, 20–22. Amardeep Singh. Musical framework of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 25–31. Archer, John Clark. Bible of the Sikhs. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 22–31. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of divine marriage in the Adi Granth. Indian Philosophy & Culture (Vrindaban), 20(3), Sep 1975, 157–63. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of human body in the Adi Granth. Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal (Hoshiarpur), 15(2), Sep 1977, 216–28. Arora, Raj Kumar. Concept of mind in the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1), 1979, 126–32. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 21–22. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Nadis in the Adi Granth. Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal (Hoshiarpur), 16(1), Mar 1978, 55–66. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Nama in the Adi Granth. In Ram Dhamija, Ed. Sixty years of writing on art & crafts in India (from Roopa-lekha 1928–1988). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988, pp. 126–32. Also in Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Journal (Tirupati), 25(1–2), 1982, 83–98. Arora, Raj Kumar. Concept of Sabd in the Guru Granth Sahib. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(1), Jul 1979, 40–51. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Sahaj in the Adi Granth. Darshana International (Moradabad), 16(2), Apr 1976, 70–80.

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Arora, Raj Kumar. The sacred scripture—Symbol of spiritual synthesis: A comparative, chronological, and philosophical approach to the Guru Granth. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1988. 202p. Arvind Singh. The unity of God and universal theology of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Arvindpal Singh. Guru Granth is Guru Panth. Sikh Bulletin, 12, 1995, 33–36. Bachan, G.S. Chorological and chronological ethical dynamism in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the Conference on Inner Dynamics of Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Oct 17–19, 2002. Bachittar Singh Giani. Guru Granth Sahib as juristic person. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 51–56. Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics or blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994. 401p. Bains, Santokh Singh. Apathy of SGPC most disheartening: Guru Granth Sahib in Bengali. Spokesman Weekly, 31(16), 1982, 31–33. Baldeep Singh (Bhai). Guru Granth Sahib and the Ragas. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Baldev Singh. Bestowal of Guruship of Granth Sahib. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(1), Jun 1983, 22–24. Balkar Singh. The text & the meaning of the Adi Granth. In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 108–111. Bhag Singh. Universality of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 33(382), Oct 1985, 5–9. Bhagat Singh. Adi Granth: Its compilation, contents and historical signiﬁcance. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), 29th Annual Number, 1980, 43–47. Bhagwant Singh. Signiﬁcance of Amritvela in Guru Granth Sahib. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(4), Oct–Dec 2001, 22–25. Bhatia, H.S. Sikhism and Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Dharma, 21(4), 1996, 378–94. Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: An apostle of national integration. Sikh Courier, 34(78), Aut–Win, 1994, 3–8. Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: The harbinger of national integration. Sikh Review, 36(417), Sep 1988, 18–28. Bhatnagar, Rakesh. Sri Guru Granth Sahib as juristic person. Sikh Review, 48(6), June 2000, 25–26. Bhupinder Kaur. Social and economic justice in Guru Granth Sahib. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 231–36. Bimbrahw, J.R. The mystique of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 50(10), Oct 2002, 14–15.

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Brahma Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: A gospel of national solidarity. Spokesman Weekly, 32(7), Oct 18, 1982, 4. Buxi, Lochan Singh. Saint-poets of Guru Granth Sahib: History and heritage. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2000. 202p. Callewaert, Winand M. The Adi Granth of Sikhs: A canon? In Mariola Offredi, Ed. The Banyan Tree. v.1: Essays on early literature in new Indo-Aryan languages: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on early literature in new Indo-Aryan languages, Venice, 1997. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2000, pp. 457–68. Callewaert, Winand M. Namdev and the Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Callewaert, Winand M. Namdev’s repertoires and the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(1), Feb 1987, 7–18. Callewaert, Winand M. Raidas and the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 24–34. Callewaert, Winand M. Sri Guru Granth Sahib with complete index (Hindi translation). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1996. 2 Vols. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Aad Guru Granth Sahib: Fallacies and facts. In Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 371–92. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Language and script of the Aad Guru Granth Sahib. Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal, 5(2), July–Dec 2003, 7–15. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Life, death, soul and Karma: According to Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 48(2), Feb 2000, 7–8. Chahal, Devinder Singh. The text & the meaning of the Adi Granth. In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 153–75. Chahil, Pritam Singh, Tr. Sri Guru Granth Sahib. (Text in Punjabi, English and transliteration). New Delhi: The author, 1992. 4 Vols. Chants for contemplation from the Adi Granth. London: Concord Grove Press, 1984. 144p. Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar. Emperor Aurangzeb quotes verse from Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 25(283), Jul 1977, 5–9. Chawla, Harbans Singh. Medieval Indian society as depicted in Adi Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1984. Cole, W. Owen. The case for a ﬂuent modern translation of the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sikh Reformer, 4, Dec 1993, 21–22. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. ‘Anand’ (Ecstasy) in Guru Granth Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 38(3), Oct 24, 1988, 3–4. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Experiencing vital power of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 12–14. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Guru eternal. Sikh Review, 48(11), Nov 2000, 34–39.

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Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Religious tolerance and universal brotherhood. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 365–67. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Jubilee of blessed slavery to Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 43(10), Oct 1995, 31–40. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. One religion for mankind as symbolised by Guru Granth Sahib. In Harkishan Singh, Ed. The Sikhs: Tenets & tremors. New Delhi: Citizen’s Relief Rehabilitation & Education Fund, 1991, pp. 139–45. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Universality of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 36(411), Mar 1988, 16–19. Daljeet Singh. Authenticity of Kartarpuri Bir. In Jasbir S. Mann and Harbans S. Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, California: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 138–62. Daljeet Singh. Essays on the authenticity of Kartarpuri Bir and the integrated logic and unity of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. 114p. Darshan Singh. Bhakti tradition and Guru poetry of Adi Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1966. Deol, Jeevan Singh. Non-canonical compositions attributed to the seventh and ninth Sikh Gurus. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 193–203. Deol, Jeevan Singh. Text and lineage in early Sikh history: Issues in the study of the Adi Granth. Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies (London), 64(1), 2001, 34–58. Deepinderjeet Kaur. Sri Guru Granth Sahib and the gender discourse. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Dhanoa, Surain Singh. Guru Granth Sahib and religions of the world. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 139–52. Dharam Singh. Guru Granth Sahib and interfaith dialogue. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 17–28. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Formation and its message. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Textual study and methodology. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 36th session, Mar 2004, 1–29. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Myth of early draft of Adi Granth (Manuscript 1245). In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 85–107. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Textual analysis of the Adi Granth: The validity of Western methods. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(1), 2001, 135–54. Dhillon, D.S. Medieval society as reﬂected in Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004.

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Macauliffe, Max Arthur, Tr. Anand and the Sabd of Guru Amar Das. Calcutta: City Press, 1901. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Study of Anand Sahib. Sikh Review, 27(309), Sep 1979, 60–67. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 29(21), 21 Jan 1980, 5–6. Nirmal, M.S., Tr. Anand. Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 65p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar), Tr. Songs of joy: Anand of Sri Guru Amar Das. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1920. 46p. Sharma, G.L. Anand Sahib. Jalandhar: New Book Co., 1987. 79p. Sher Singh, Tr. Holy song of bliss eternal. Srinagar: The translator, 1942. 42p. Song of eternal bliss: Anand. Bombay. Veekay Weekly, 1976. 80p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Rendering of ‘Anand’ (21). Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(1), Feb 1979, 45–61. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das’s Anand or the state of bliss. Panchbati Sandesh, 3(3), Jan 1981, 27–38. Also in Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 53–64. Teja Singh. Guru Amar Das’s song of joy: The Anand. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 34–35.

3.5. Works of Guru Arjan Dev Bajwa, Malkiat Singh. Bani of Guru Arjan Dev. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1988. Hazara Singh. Works of Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 7–8. Jagjit Singh. Guru Arjan: His works and martyrdom. Sikh Review, 30(342), Jun 1982, 9–15. Paramjit Kaur. A critical and comparative study of Guru Arjan Dev’s thought in the light of principal of Upanishads. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1988. Peace, M.L. Guru Arjan Dev Bara Mahan: A commentary. Jullundur: The translator, 1951. 129p. 3.5.1. Sukhmani Advani, K.V. Sukhmani: Pearl of divine felicity. Sikh Review, 22(246), Jun 1974, 36–38. Ajaib Singh. The jewel of happiness: The Sukhmani of Guru Arjan: A commentary. Sanbornton, New Hampshire: Sant Bani Ashram, 1984. 520p. Bawa, Ujagar Singh, Tr. Sri Sukhmani Sahib: A part of Sikh scriptures. Gaithersburg, MD: Washington Sikh Center/Sikh Youth Forum, 1990. 149p. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Sacred Sukhmani: Gurmukhi & Roman scripts with English translation and gist of the divine sermons. Amritsar: Singh Brothers, 1979. 323p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. The Sukhmani: The message of peace. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1999. 450p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. The Sukhmani: Passage to poise. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2000. 433p. Gems from Sukhmani. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 24–26.

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Ghosh, K.K., Tr. Guru Arjun’s Sukhmani, English translation. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 62–65; 22(244), Apr 1974, 71–76; 22(245), May 1974, 35–37; 22(246), Jun 1974, 39–40; 22(247), Jul 1974, 13–15; 22(248), Aug 1974, 58–60; 22(249), Sep 1974, 19–21; 22(250), Oct 1974, 15–17; 22(251), Nov 1974, 70–71; and 22(252), Dec 1974, 27–28. Guinness, Anthea. The implications of Sukhmani. Journal of Religious Studies, 8, Aut 1980, 116–24. Guinness, Anthea. The Sukhmani deﬁnition of Nam. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 80–90. Guinness, Anthea. Textual and thematic study of Guru Arjan’s Sukhmani with special reference to Nam and the man of God. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1989. Gupta, B.S. Concept of Simran in Sukhmani Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), 29th Annual Number, 1980, 49–50. Kaikini, P.R. Japji meditation in Sikhism and Sukhmani Sahib: Fountain of eternal joy. Man & Development, 11(1), Mar 1989, 162–70. Kashmiri, Alhaj Fazil, Tr. Shri Sukhmani Saheb. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 2000. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Sukhmani of Guru Arjan Dev. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(4), Mar 1982, 21–23. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The Sukhmani of Guru Arjan, the ﬁfth Guru of the Sikhs. Lahore: G.G.S. Press, 1900–1918? 68p. Madanjit Kaur and Piar Singh, Eds. Guru Arjan and his Sukhmani. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1992. 223p. Muthumohan, N. Reading Sukhmani Sahib. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Apr–Jun 2003, 59–65. Narain Singh. Potentialities of Sukhmani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 126–42. Nirmal, M.S., Tr. Song of eternal peace: Guru Arjan’s Sukhmani rendered into English from original old Punjabi. Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 201p. Parwana, Lekhraj. Concept of Brahmgyani in Sukhmani Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1983, 5–12. Peace, M.L. and Teja Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev’s Sukhmani translated into English verse. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1966. 100p. Sandhu, Pupinder Kaur. Sukhmani: The psalm of peace. The Khalsa Advocate, 1(1), Jul 1982, 22–23. Santokh Singh. The teachings of Sukhmani or, The jewel of peace. Amritsar: Onkar Press, 1924. 42p. Sher Singh, Tr. Sukhmani Sahib: The perfect man and peace eternal. Srinagar: The translator, 1942. 72p. Surinder Kumar. Concept of divine grace in the Sukhmani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 26–34. Swami Rama, Tr. Sukhmani Sahib: Fountain of eternal joy. Honesdale: Himalayan International Institute, 1988. 134p.

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Talib, G.S. Sukhmani. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 263–65. Teja Singh, Tr. The psalm of peace: An English translation of Guru Arjan’s Sukhmani. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1950. 122p. Teja Singh. Sukhmani Sahib: The psalm of peace. Spokesman Weekly, 37(28), 4 Apr 1988, 4. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Arjan Dev and the Sukhmani. Spokesman Weekly, 36(38), 1 Jun 1987, 5. Vaswani, T.L. Sukhmani: The song of peace. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 32–34; and 23(258), Jun 1975, 19–21. Wazir Singh. The Sikh prayer, series one: Japuji, Anand, Sukhmani in English version. Lucknow: Central Gurmat Parchar Board, 1982. 287p.

3.6. Works of Guru Tegh Bahadur Baljit Kaur. Psalms of hope: Poetic exegesis of Bani Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Chandigarh: The author, 1978. 186p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 140–42. Braham Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His virtues and Bani. Spokesman Weekly, 32(12), Nov 1982, 4. Chellaram. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Nirguna Balik Satsang Mandal, 1966. 159p. Daljit Singh (Raja). Shlok of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co., n.d. Dulai, Surjit. The evanescent world and the eternal reality: The last hymns of the ninth Sikh Guru. Journal of South Asian Literature (East Lansing, MI), 28(1–2), Spr–Fall 1993, 297–308. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Multi-denominational personality of Guru Tegh Bahadur as reﬂected in his haunting slokas. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 133–35. Gobind Singh. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 30(15), 8 Dec, 1980, 6–7. Gupta, B.S. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 30(29), 16 Mar 1981, 5. Hans, S.S. Historical value of the Bani of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 83–95. Joshi, L.M. Concepts of Jivanmukti in Guru Tegh Bahadur’s hymns. Journal of Religious Studies, 6(2), Aut 1978, 1–12. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The hymns and Sloks of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs. Lahore: Caxton Printing, 1907. 8p. Maini, Darshan Singh. The poetry of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 35(16), 16 Dec 1985, 3–4. Nirakari, R.D. Inﬂuence of Vedanta on the works of Guru Tegh Bahadur, Vedanta Kesari, 63(1), May 1976, 17–19. Salokas of Ninth Nanak. Bombay: Veekay, Weekly, n.d. 24p.

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Sharma, Chandra Prakash. Divine symphony: Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur in English verse. Patiala: Purnima Publication, 1976. 96p. Sharma, D.D. Linguistic analysis of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Bani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 16–27. Shlokas of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 20(15), 7 Dec 1970, 5–6; and 22(17), 11 Dec 1972, 7–8. Sud, Radha Krishan. Guru Tegh Bahadur in the light of his own words. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 31–33. Suri, Nihal Singh. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1924. 28p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Bani. Spokesman Weekly, 26(8), Silver Jubilee Number, 1976, 37–40. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Selection from Guru Tegh Bahadur’s hymns. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 158–60. Trilochan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur Bani. Spokesman Weekly, 24(13), 9 Dec, 1974, 3. Trilochan Singh. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur: Songs of Nirvana. Delhi: Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee, 1975. 257p. Trilochan Singh. Hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 1. Uppal, S.S. Concept of anurag in the Bani of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 32–36. Also in Sikh Review, Dec 1988, 21–24; and Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(10), Jun 1980, 36–.

3.7. Works of Guru Gobind Singh Bhatia, Narinder Kaur. Swayyas of Guru Gobind Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), Feb 2000, 103–114. Bir Singh, Tr. Baramasa Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore: Montgomery Press, 1874. 12p. Chatterjee, Yatindra Mohan, Tr. Gita Govindam, or Gita of Guru Govinda Singh. Calcutta: Sudhir Kumar Mukherjee, n.d. 26 + 26 + 18 p. (Text in Devnagri and English). Dalip Singh. Meaning of ‘Use of Force’ in Guru Gobind Singh’s writings. Sikh Review, 28(317), 1980, 28–36. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Selected hymns of Guru Gobind Singh. In his Sikh Gurus: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: Vikas, 1980, pp. 215–17. Duggal, K.S. Select Sikh Scriptures, Vol. IV: Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1999. Gopal Singh. Thus spake the Tenth Master. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1978. 210p. Guninder Kaur. Durga recalled by the Tenth Guru. Journal of Religious Studies, 16(1–2), Spr–Aut 1988, 63–76. Harkishan Singh, Tr. Ugradanti: Guru Gobind Singh’s adoration of divine mother. Sikh Review, 8(8), 1960, 8–13. Harnam Singh. Ten Sawayyas of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, n.d.

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Jaggi, R.S. Chaubisavtar. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 661. Jaspreet Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh: A historical study of his writings. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2002. 248p. Jodh Singh (Bhai), Tr. Thirty-three Swaiyas, translated into English. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1953. 42p. Nijhawan, P.K. Sri Guru Gobind Geeta: Guru Gobind Singh’s dialogue of destiny with Banda. New Delhi: Army Educational Stores, 1985. 144p. Nikky Gurinder Kaur Singh. True signiﬁcance of Guru Gobind Singh recalling Durga. Sikh Review, 37(7), Jul 1989, 9–23. Peace, M.L., Tr. Sri Guru Gobind Singh’s Shabad Hazare, the ten Sawaiyas and 33 Sawaiyas. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1967. 56 + 136p. Rajinder Singh. Monumental work of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 37–38. Sangat Singh. Thirty-three Sawaiyas of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 23(31), 1974, 31–32; and 27(5–6), 1977, 31–33. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(2), 1982, 20–22. Sekhon, Sant Singh, Tr. Unique drama: Translation of Benati Chaupai, Bachitra Natak and Akal Ustati. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1978. 131p. Swami Rama. Celestial song, Gobind Geet: The dynamic dialogue between Guru Gobind Singh and Banda Bahadur. Honesdale, Pa.: Himalayan Inst. of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the USA, 1987. 136p. Trilochan Singh, Tr. Swayyas of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 5(1), 1957, 65–74. Tulsi, Baljit, Tr. Ramayana of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 500p. 3.7.1. Dasam Granth Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Understanding Dasam Granth. Panchbati Sandesh, 23(2), Oct 2000, 13–15. Ashta, Dharam Pal. Poetry of Dasam Granth. Delhi: Arun Parkashan, 1959. 313 + 45p. Ashta, Dharam Pal. Poetry of Dasam Granth. Spokesman Weekly, 19(13–14), 1959, 59–60. Bhagwant Singh. Dasam Granth Tukatatakara (Index). Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001. Vol. 1. 532p. Bindra, Pritpal Singh. Chitro Pakhyaan: Tales of male-female tricky deceptions from Sri Dasam Granth. Amritsar: B. Chatter Singh Jiwan Singh, 2002. 768p. Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. Dasam Granth. In The Sikhs. New Delhi: Vikas, 1978, pp. 55–57. Daljit Singh. Dasam Granth: Its history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(2), Jul–Dec 1994, 5–22. Daljit Singh. Dasam Granth: A historical study. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 9–20.

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Dasam Granth. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 1: 98–100. Dharam Singh and Jodh Singh. Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Text and translation. Patiala: Heritage Publications, 1999. 2 Vols. Gandhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s literature activities—Dasam Granth. In History of Sikh Gurus: A comprehensive study. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1978, pp. 592–608. Gupta, Hari Ram. The Dasam Granth. In his History of the Sikhs: The Sikhs Gurus, 1469–1708. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984, pp. 347–56. Gurnam Kaur. Dasam Granth. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 8–14. Gurtej Singh. The mystique of the Dasamgranth. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 64–71. Gurtej Singh. Two views on Dasam Granth: An appreciation of Ashta’s & Jaggi’s approach. In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 170–86. Guru Gobind Singh’s Dasam Granth: An exposition. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 11–14. Hans, Surjit. Ramavtar in Dasam Granth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 59–65. Harbhajan Singh. Dasam Granth: A historical perspective. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1999, 59–64. Iqbal Singh. Dasam Granth and the Sikh ethics. Sikh Review, 35(403), Jul 1987, 38–44, 53–59. Iqbal Singh. History and origin of the Dasam Granth. Sikh Messenger, Sum 1987, 13–20. Jagjit Singh. Fictional identity of Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 21–24. Jodh Singh. Integration of the spiritual and temporal in the Dasam Granth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 12(1), Feb 1985, 45–54. Kang, K.S. Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 34(386), May 1986, 12–16. Kang, K.S. Dasam Granth. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. New Delhi; Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 888–89. Kharag, Ranjeet Singh. Note on Dasam Granth. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 11–12. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Dasam Granth. In Encyclopaedia of Religion. New York, Macmillan, 1987. Vol. 4: 241–42. Kohli, Surinder Singh, Tr. Sri Dasam Granth Sahib. Birmingham, UK: Sikh National Heritage Trust, 2003. 3 Vols. Kuldeep Singh. Compilation of Dasam Granth: A scientiﬁc analysis. Sikh Review, 51(8), Aug 2003, 20–30. Loehlin, C.H. The Granth of Guru Gobind Singh and Khalsa brotherhood. Lucknow: Publishing House, 1971. 124p. Loehlin, C.H. and Rattan Singh Jaggi. Dasam Granth. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 514–31. Manohar Singh. Ramavatar: Epic poetry of Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 45(9), Sept 1997, 22–24.

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Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Hymns from the Dasam Granth. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1993. 107p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Semiological patterns in Dasam Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. Marwah, Jaswant Singh. Images of God, woman and man: A critical study of Dasam Granth. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(1), Jan–June 1993, 56–69. Mishra, S.D. Dasam Granth. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 888. Mohan Singh. Poetry of Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 9(9), 1961, 4–11. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. The name of my beloved: Verses of the Sikh Gurus. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1995. 251p. Rattan Singh. Critical study of the Puranic compositions in the Dasam Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1962. Rinehart, Robin. Strategies for interpreting the Dasam Granth. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikhism and history. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. Selections from the Dasam Granth. In Trilochan Singh, Tr. Selections from the sacred writings of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Orient, 2000. Shan, Harnam Singh. Concept of ideal love in Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 38–46. Trilochan Singh. History and compilation of Dasam Granth. Sikh Review, 3(4), 1955, 51–60; 3(5), 1955, 34–41; 3(6), 1955, 44–52; and 3(7), 1955, 23–29. 3.7.2. Japu Sahib Amarjit Singh. Concept of God in Jap Sahib: An analytic study. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 85–92. Batra, M.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s foremost composition—Jap Sahib. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Brijinder Singh, Tr. The Jap or thought on Godhood with Shabads & Swayyas by Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: The author, 1925. 64p. Gill, Danielle and Harjit Singh. Japu Sahib: The cosmology of Guru Gobind Singh (Translated into French and English). New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1994. 156p. Gupta, B.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of God in Jaap Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 29(3–4), 1979, 25–26. Gursaran Singh. Thoughts on the ‘Khands’ of the Japu. Sikh Review, 23, (254–55), Feb–Mar 1975, 25–26. Maheep Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s composition, Jap Sahib. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(2), Sep 1980, 23–25. Maheep Singh. Japu (Jap Sahib). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 349–51.

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Mohinder Singh. Reﬂections of Jaap Sahib: An insight in to divine attributes. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 10–11. Neki, Jaswant Singh. The metaphysics of Jaap Sahib. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 6–11. Nirbhai Singh. Spiritual voluntarism in Japu Sahib. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 75–84. Peace, M.L., Tr. Jap Sahib: Immortal morning prayer. Jullundur: The translator, 1961. 8 + 62p. Ramanpreet Kaur and P.S. Sidhu. The Jaap of Sada Ang-Sange: Formal and semantic co-relates of Jaap Sahib. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 105–22. Sodhi, Barjinder Singh, Tr. Jap or thoughts on Godhood with Shabad and Swayyas. Amritsar: The translator, 1925. 64p. Surendra Nath. Jaap Sahib of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Gobind Sadan Institute for Advanced Studies in Contemporary Religion, 1996. 176p. Trilochan Singh, Tr. Guru Gobind Singh Jap: Meditational prayer, translated from the original. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 48p. Tulsi, Baljit Kaur. Meditating on Jap Sahib. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 36–38. 3.7.3. Chandi di Var Diwan Singh. Glimpses of Chandi Chritra. Mohali: Diwan Singh, 1996. 72p. Gurbhagat Singh. Chandi di var. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 434–36. Kang, K.S. Chandi di var. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 630. Kartar Singh. Chandi di Var: A composition of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 38(9), Sept 1990, 10–15. Kartar Singh, Tr. Epic of Chandi. Qadian: Sikh National College, 1968. 38p. Om Parkash. Chandi Chritra. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. Edited by Amresh Datta. New Delhi, Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 630. Sharma, Jaswant Kumar. The Chandi Charitar: An analysis. Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 37–43. Tharam Singh. Chandi charitra. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1999, 37–42. 3.7.4. Bachitra Natak Banerjee, Indubhushan. Bachitra Natak. In his Evolution of the Khalsa, Calcutta: A Mukherjee, 1972. Vol. 2. pp. 178–89. Diwan Singh. How Vachitar is Vchitra Natak? Mohali: Diwan Singh, 1995. Dular, Surjit Singh. Bachitra Natak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 243–45. Gobind Singh. Bachitra Natak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(46), 1972, 4.

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Loehlin, C.H. Akal Ustati. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 60–61. Peace, M.L. Cursory study of Guru Gobind Singh’s Akal Ustat. Spokesman Weekly, 12(33), 1963, 33–34, 51–54. Peace, M.L. Glimpses from Akal Ustat. Spokesman Weekly, 11(33–34) 1962, 35–38. Peace, M.L., Tr. Guru Gobind Singh’s Akal Ustat, translated into English verse. Jullundur: The translator, 1963. 92p Sidhu, Paramjit Singh. Semiological structure of Akal Ustat. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1977. Sidhu, Paramjit Singh. Epithets of God in Akal Ustat. In Harjeet Singh Gill, Ed. Signiﬁcation in language and culture. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2002, pp. 491–96. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s Akal Ustat or the song immortal. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953–54, 41–47. 3.7.6. Zafarnama & Fatehnama Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Fatehnama of Guru Gobind Singh. Mumbai: Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, 1999. 68p. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Zafarnama of Guru Gobind Singh. Mumbai: Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, 1996. 20p. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Zafar Nama of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 44(10), Oct 1996, 14–18. Balwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s Fatehnamah. Spokesman Weekly, 3(12), 1953, 5. Balwant Singh. Zafarnamah or epistle of victory. Spokesman Weekly, 4(9), 1954, 5. Bedi, B.P.L., Tr. Unto victory: Letter from the last Sikh Guru to the last Moghul Emperor, Zafarnamah of Guru Gobind Singh Maharaj addressed to Emperor Aurangzeb. New Delhi: Unity Book Club of India, (1957). (No pagination). (13 leaves). (Persian text with English translation and notes). Bedi, Gursharan Singh, Tr. The epstile of victory: An English translation of Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama verse. Amritsar: The author, 1968. 75p. Chopra, Hira Lall. Zafar Nameh: A remarkable piece of renunciation of ethics. Spokesman Weekly, 17(24), 1968, 5–6. Dalip Singh. Thoughts on Zafarnama. Sikh Review, 47(10), Oct 1999, 18–21. Darshan Singh. Zafarnama: Epistle of victory written in Persian by the Tenth Guru to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. New Delhi: ABC Publishing House, 2000. 170p. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Some unknown Hukumnamas of Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 103–109. Duggal, Devinder Singh, Tr. Fatehnamah and Zafarnama. Jullundur: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1980. 160p. Grewal, J.S. Zafarnama of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(44), 1967, 5. Harpreet Kaur. Historical signiﬁcance of Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–2–3), Annual Number, 1983, 19–20.

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Harpreet Kaur. Signiﬁcance of Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 86–88. Jagjit Singh. Zafarnama: The epistle of victory. Spokesman Weekly, 28(19–20), 1979, 29. Jawa, S.N. Guru Gobind Singh and his Zafarnamah. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 1956, 26. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Zafarnamah: Some doubts and misunderstandings. Spokesman Weekly, 17(19), 1968, 25–26. Nara, Ishar Singh. Safarnama and Zafarnama: Being an account of the travels of Guru Gobind Singh and the epistle of moral victory written by him to Emperor Aurangzeb. New Delhi: Nara Publications, 1985, 328p. Peace, M.L. Zafarnamah. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 21–22. Peace, M.L., Tr. Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama. Jullundur: The translator, 1963. 16p. Ranjeet Singh. Historical value of Zafarnamah. Spokesman Weekly, 11(20–21), 1962, 15–16, 37. Ranjeet Singh. Zafarnamah: Some doubts and misunderstandings. Sikh Review, 21(230), Jan 1973, 9–14. Satnam Singh. Few observations of Zafarnamah. Sikh Review, 13(14), 1965, 37–42. Satpal Singh. Highlights of Zafarnama. Sikh Review, 35(397), Jan 1987, 45–50. Shant, Pratap Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnama. Sikh Review, 40(1), Jan 1992, 29–32. Sital, Jit Singh. Fatehnamah. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 20–. Sital, Jit Singh. Zafarnamah. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 451–52. Surjit Singh. Zafarnamah of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 19(31), 1970, 37–38. Teja Singh. Zafarnama. n.d. 118p. Trilochan Singh. Zafarnamah. Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 27–37; and 25(280), 1977, 25–33. Trilochan Singh, Tr. Fatehnama: Guru Gobind Singh’s letter to Aurangzeb. Sikh Review, 1954, 38–40. Verma, D.K. Zafarnamah: Its historical importance. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 87–101.

4. Bhagats and Saints Bahri, Haedev. Jaidev. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 321–22. Bansal, G.S. Sikh saint. New Statesman Soc, 69(1130), 1984, 146. Bhagat Puran Singh: Hope of the hopeless. Sikh Review, 23(263), Nov 1975, 41–43. Bhagat Singh. Bhagat Puran Singh—Bhai Kanayhia of the 20th century. Sikh Review, 18(205), Dec 1970, 4–6. Brahm Singh. Life and works of Bhagat Jaydeva. Panchbati Sandesh, 6(4), Apr 1984, 40–43. Buxi, Lochan Singh. Bhakti movement: Its impact on the Sikh spiritual tradition. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 92–107. Chawla, Harbans Singh. Bhai Nanad Lal. Sis Ganj, 26(7), Jul 1986, 22–25. Chawla, Surjit Singh. The religious and radical Bhakata poets. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 17(1), 1998, 107–28. Das, Debabrata. Bhakti tradition and Sikhs. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004, 29–31. Dass, Nirmal. Songs of the saints from the Adi Granth. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2000. 224p. Deol, Jeevan. Surdas: Poet and text in Sikh tradition. Bulletin of School of Oriental and African Studies, 63(2), 2000, 169–93. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Life story of Sant Attar Singh ji of Mastuana Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1992. 138p. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Life stories of the Sikh saints. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1995. 119p. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Bhai Nanad Lal. Sikh Review, 28(316), Apr 1980, 18–23. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. God intoxicated man: Sant Attar Singh. Sikh Review, 28(314), Feb–Mar 1980, 18–20. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Sant Attar Singh of Mastuana. Sikh Review, 19(216), Nov 1971, 41–46. Gill, Harjeet Singh. The human condition in Puran Bhagat: An essay in existential anthropology of a Punjabi legend. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 19(1), 1985, 133–. Gurtej Singh. Life of dedication: Sant Attar Singh of Mastuana. Sikh Review, 51(10), Oct 2003, 32–38. Hakam Singh. The terms “Sant” in the light of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 13–17. Harnam Singh. Bhagat (Bhakta) Bani. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 312–314. Himat Singh. Self searching saint-Bhagats. Sikh Courier, 37(83), Sum–Spr 1997, 15–17. Jagjit Singh. Radical Bhagati sects and the Sikh Panth. In his Dynamics of Sikh revolution. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000, pp. 71–86.

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Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Baba Nanad Singh Ji Maharaj of Kaleran. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1996. 2 Vols. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Pir Budh Shah. Spokesman Weekly, 19(19), 1970, 17–18. Lewis, James R. Sikhism and the Sant Mat tradition. In J.G. Melton and Martin Bauman, Eds. Religions of the world. Santa Barbara, Ca: ABC Clio, 2002. Vol. 4: 1175–80. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Parmanand. Sikh Review, 16(175), Feb 1968, 18–19. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Ramanand. Sikh Review, 16(178), May 1968, 33–40. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Surdas. Sikh Review, 17(185), Dec 1968, 50–52. Nanda, J.N. Suﬁs and Bhakatas. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 49–51. Neki, Jaswant Singh. Bhakti and Sikhism. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 335–38. Nirbhai Singh. Guru-Bani and Bhagata-Bani: A philosophical analysis. In Sardar Singh Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 113–31. Pashaura Singh. Bani Sri Jaidev ji ki. In his The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 116–51. Pashaura Singh. Bhagat Bani in the Adi Granth. In his The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 1–41. Pashaura Singh. The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003. 210p. Pashaura Singh. Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. M.A. Thesis. University of Calgary, 1987. Pashaura Singh. Status of the Bhagat Bani. In his The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 152–85. Puri, Shamsher Singh. Bhagat-saints of Guru Granth Sahib. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 148p. Ralhan, O.P. Great saints of India. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2004. 5 Vols. Ralhan, O.P. Sant Kabir, Mira Bai, Shaikh Farid, Bhikan and Sur Das. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 201p. Sagar, S.S. Bhagat Bani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Satpal Nancy Singh. Pir Budh Shah and his supreme sacriﬁce. Sikh Review, 27(308), Aug 1979, 35–38. Schomer, Karine and W.H. McLeod. The Sants: Studies in a devotional tradition of India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1987. 472p. Shah, Giriraj. Saints, Gurus and mystics of India. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1999. 546p. Shashi Bala. Guru Granth Sahib and the compositions of medieval Saints: A philosophical perspective. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004.

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Sobti, Harcharan Singh. Bhagat Trilochan: A study of the last wish of man. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(2), 1996, 93–104. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak and his contemporary Bhakatas. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 11–35. Stratton, John Hawley and Mark Juergensmeyer. Songs of the saints of India. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 244p. Suri, V.S. Pir Budh Shah: The saint of Sadhaura. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 22p.

4.1. Kabir Advani, K.V. Kabir. Sikh Review, 24(267), Mar 1976, 22–23. Arshi, Sahib Singh. Bhagat Kabir ji as social reformer. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 19–21. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mitra. Kabir. Vol. 2 of Saints of India. New Delhi: Clarion Press, 2002. Bhagat Kabir. The great moralist. Spokesman Weekly, 31(39), 14 Jun 1982, 4. Das, G.N. Love songs of Kabir. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1992. 179p. Dass, Nirmal. Songs of Kabir from the Adi Granth. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. 359p. Dharwadker, Vinay. Kabir. In Donald S. Lopez, Ed. Religions of India in practice. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 77–91. Dwyer, William. The theological relevance of Kabir. Sevartham (Ranchi, India), 14, 1989, 21– 37. Dwyer, William. Bhakti in Kabir. Patna: Associated Books Agency, 1981. 305p. Ezekiel, Isaac A. Kabir: The great mystic. Beas: Radha Soami Satsang, 1966. 440p. Ghafurova, S.N. Literary synthesis in the poetry of Kabir. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 2(1–2), 1978, 115–19. Harbans Singh. Bhagat Kabir. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(4), Oct–Dec 2003, 95–99. Hess, Linda and Sukhdev Singh, Tr. The bijak of Kabir. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 200p. Jodh Singh. Kabir. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1971. 52p. Kirpal Singh. Legends of Guru Nanak and Kabir. Panchbati Sandesh, 3(3), Jan 1981, 39–45. Khushdeva Singh. Bhagat Kabir: His life and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 32(3), 20 Sept 1982, 4–5. Lorenzen, David. The Kabir Panth and politics. Political Science Review (Jaipur), 20(3), Jul–Sep 1981, 263–81. Lorenzen, David. Relation of Kabir studies to the Sikh studies. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Machwe, Prabhakar. Kabir. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1968. 59p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The hymns of Bhagat Kabir contained in the Granth Sahib of the Sikhs: (including his B´awan Akhari, Thiti, and W´ar). 1910. 102p.

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Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Kabir. Sikh Review, 17(182), Sept 1968, 32–42. Maheep Singh. Kabir—A rebel saint poet of medieval India. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 117–20. McLeod, W.H. Kabir, Nanak and early Sikh Panth. In his Exploring Sikhism: Aspects of Sikh identity, culture and thought. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. Also in D.N. Lorenzen, Ed. Religious change and cultural domination. Mexico: Colegio de M´exico, 1981, pp. 173–91. McLeod, W.H. Guru Nanak and Kabir. In Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 1st session, Nov 1965, 87–92. Mohan Singh. Kabir and Bhakti movement. Lahore, 1934. Murthy, Y.V.S.S.N. Religious conditions of Kabir’s period. Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies (Madras), 7(2), Mar 1990, 179–81. Nijjar, B.S. Kabirpanthis. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 405–406. Pande, Rekha. The social context of the Bhakti Movement—a study in Kabir. Indian History Congress Proceedings, Delhi, 46th session, 1985, 230–35. Pashaura Singh. Bani Bhagat Kabir ji ki. In his The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 81–115. Pratt, James B. The Kabirpanthis and the Sikhs. In India and its faith: A traveler’s record. Delhi: S.B.W. Publishers, 1987, pp. 235–53. Rai Jasbir Singh. Bhagat Kabir and the Persian sources. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 66–67. Salihu, Mohammed. The legacy of Bhagat Kabir. Sikh Review 48(6) Jun 2000, 22–24. Scott, David C. Kabir. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996.Vol. 2: 403–405. Scott, David C. Kabir and the Bhakti Marg. India Cultures Quarterly (Jabalpur), 33(1), 1978, 3–21. Scott, David C. Kabir’s mythology: The religious perceptions, doctrines, and practices of a medieval Indian sant. Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1985. 275p. Sehdev Kumar. Metaphysical communication: Kabir communicating the incommunicable. In Sudhamahi Regunathan, Ed. Song of the spirit: The world of sacred music. New Delhi: Tibet House, 2000, pp. 47–54. Sehdev Kumar. Radical consciousness of St. Kabir. Journal of Religious Studies, 13(2), Aut 1985, 65–78. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 176–92. Sethi, Virendra Kumar. Kabir, the weaver of God’s name. Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, Dist. Amritsar: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1984. 762p. Thiel-Horstmann, Monika. Images of Kabir. New Delhi: Manohar, 2002. 248p. Topa, Ishwara Nath. The social philosophy of Kabir: A study of his thought-world. Gorakhpur: Sahitya Sansar Prakashan, 1975. 136p. Varma, Ram Kumar. Kabir: Biography and philosophy. New Delhi: Prints India, 1977. 152p.

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Vaswani, T.L. Bhagat Kabir: A man of interior illumination. Spokesman Weekly, 37(37), 13 Jun 1988, 3. Vaswani, T.L. Bhagat Kabir: Prophet of a new religious renaissance. Spokesman Weekly, 35(43), 23 Jun 1986, 5. Vaswani, T.L. Mystic and a poet: Sant Kabir. Spokesman Weekly, 30(52), 24 Aug 1981, 4. Vaudevill, Charlotte. Kabir. In Encyclopedia of Religions. New York: Macmillan, 1987. Vol. 8: 226–27. Vaudeville, Charlotte. Kabir’s style in the Sakhis. In Abhai Maurya, Ed. India and world literature. New Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1990, pp. 184–201. Vaudeville, Charlotte, Ed. Kabir. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974. 340p. Westcott, G.H. Kabir and the Kabir panth. Calcutta: S. Gupta, 1953. 145p.

4.2. Namdev Bajwa, Ranjeet Singh. Bani Bhagat Namdev: A structural hermeneutical study. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 368–70. Gurbachan Singh. Vision of Bhagat Namdev invoked. Sikh Review, 29(331), Jul 1986, 40–45. Jagan Nath. Namdev: The saint-poet. New Delhi: Namdev Mission Trust, 1983. 80p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The hymns of the Bhagat Namdev found in the Granth Sahib of the Sikhs. Lahore: Caxton Printing Works, 1901. 41p. Machwe, Prabhakar Balvant. Namdev: Life & philosophy. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1968. 142p. Maurya, R.N. Namdev, his mind and art: A linguistic analysis of Namdev’s poetry. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1988. 196p. Mishra, Ramachandra. Pads of Bhagat Namdeva: A comparative study based on Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Gadhaa Panchak. Journal of Religious Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 41–51. Moon, Penderal. Namdev. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 161–62. Nirbhai Singh. Bhagata Namdeva in Guru Granth. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. Nirbhai Singh. Nature of reality in Namdeva’s thought. Journal of Religious Studies, 7(2), Aut 1979, 111–30. Puri , J.R. and V.K. Sethi. Saint Namdev. Beas, Punjab: Radha Soami Satsang, 1978. 124p. Rajinder Singh. Glimpses of Bhagat Namdev ji. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 24–27. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhagat Namdeva: A brief study of his spiritual experience. Journal of Religious Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 62–77. Also in Sikh Review, 23(261), Sept 1975, 30–42.

4.3. Ravidas Bahri, Hardev. Ravidas. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 493–94.

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Batra, Manohar Singh. Bhagat Ravidas as a social reformer. Sikh Review, 46(10), Oct 1998, 22–24. Batra, Manohar Singh. Ravidas was a social revolutionary. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 17(1), 1998, 79–84. Callewaert, Winand M. Songs and singers: Ravidas and the Guru Granth. In Sardar Singh Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 132–44. Also in Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Sum 1990, 6–11. Callewaert, Winand M. and Peter G. Friedlander. Contemplation of the name: Naam Simran in Ravidas Bani. Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 6–10. Callewaert, Winand M. and Peter G. Friedlander. Hagiography of Bhagat Ravidas. Sikh Review, 45(9), Sept 1997, 9–12. Darshan Singh. Bhagat Ravidas conception of God as the uplifted of the lowly. Spokesman Weekly, 36(22), 9 Feb 1987. Darshan Singh. Bhagat Ravidas: Uplifted of the lowly. Spokesman Weekly, 37(19), Feb 1988, 5. Darshan Singh. Ravidas and contemporary religions. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, 1976, 164–77. Darshan Singh. Sant Ravidas and his times. Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 1977. 84p. Darshan Singh. A study of Bhakata Ravidas. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. 101p. Gill, Devinder Singh. Bhagat Ravidas: His life and works. Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan, 1991, 29–31. Hymns of Sant Ravidas. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 12–13. Jagjit Singh. Bhagat Ravidas: A perfect saint of God. Spokesman Weekly, 29(23), 4 Feb 1980, 3–4. Jassal, P.D. The life and message of Guru Ravidas. In Asghar Ali Engineer, Ed. Suﬁsm and communal harmony. Jaipur: Printwell, 1991, pp. 168–73. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Bhagat Ravi Das: A symbol of lower caste pride. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 34–44. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Thus spoke Sant Ravidas. Sikh Review, 28(314), Feb–Mar 1980, 37–39. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Rabi Das. Sikh Review, 17(183), Oct 1968, 35–38. Pandey, S.L. Bhagat Ravidas’s vision of man. Spokesman Weekly, 21(22), 8 Feb 1982, 5–6. Parawna, Lekh Raj. Guru Ravi Das and Punjabi identity. In Pritam Singh and Shinder S. Thandi, Eds. Globalisation and the region: Explorations in Punjabi society. Coventry, UK: Association for Punjab Studies, 1996, pp. 79–86. Ravi Das. Pioneer of social equality. National Herald (New Delhi), 24 Feb 1986. Saluja, Jagjit Singh. Saint Ravidas. Sikh Review, 18(190), May 1969, 23–25. Sodhi, S.S. and J.S. Mann. Bhakta Ravi Das and his struggle with Manuvad. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1997, 40–41. Upadhyaya, K.N. Guru Ravidas: Life and teachings. Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, Punjab: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1982. 224p.

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4.4. Sheikh Farid Ahluwalia, M.S. Baba Shaikh Farid: A harbinger of Hindu-Muslim unity. In N. N. Bhattacharyya, Ed. Medieval Bhakti movement in India. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1989, pp. 74–82. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Glimpses of Baba Sheikh Farid’s life and works. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 19–23. Anand, Balwant Singh. Baba Farid. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1975. 95p. Aquil, Raziuddin. Episodes from the life of Shaikh Farid-ud-Din Ganj-i-Shakar. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 10(1–2), Jan–Dec 2003, 25–46. Banerjee, A.C. Baba Farid and the Sikh religion. In Gurbachan Singh Talib, Ed. Perspectives on Sheikh Farid. Patiala: Baba Farid Memorial Society, 1976. Batra, Manohar Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: An apostle of amity and compassion. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), 1996, 123–27. Brahma Singh. Baba Farid Ganj Shaker: India’s great suﬁ saint. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 24–27. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Divine songs of Sheikh Baba Farid. Sikh Review, 47(3), Mar 1999, 8–11. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Sheikh Farid: Store-house of sweets. Spokesman Weekly, 9(38), 19 May 1980, 6. Ganda Singh. Baba Farid: A real saint. In Attar Singh, Ed. Socio-cultural impact of Islam. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1976. Grewal, J.S. Shaikh Farid’s ideas and attitudes. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 53–61. Guninder Kaur. Shaikh Farid. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 4(1–2), 1980, 17–34. Guninder Kaur. Shaikh Farid: Poet and mystic. Sikh Review, 33(381), Sept 1985, 5–10. Also 33(383), Nov 1985, 47–49; and 33(384), Dec 1985, 42–45. Gurdev Singh. Story of Baba Farid: The mystic in action. Sikh Review, 44(5), May 1996, 15–17. Hardit Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: Apostle of sweetness and humility. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 36–40. Hazara Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid Ganj-i-Shakar: A legend. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Irving, Miles. The shrine of Baba Farid. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 314–23. Jodh Singh. Shaikh Farid. Sikh Review, 20(226), Sept 1972, 37–41. Also in Sikh Courier, 34(77), Spr–Sum 1994, 18–22. Jodh Singh. Shaikh Farid or Shaikh Ibrahim. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 27–29. Joginder Singh. Philosophy of Baba Farid. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 16(1), 1997, 94–101. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 27(2), Oct 1993, 1–12.

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Joginder Singh. Philosophy of Shaik Farid: A comparative study. Sikh Review, 46(3), Mar 1998, 22–30. Kirpal Singh. Shaikh Farid and Shaikh Ibrahim in Sikh literature. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Oct 1982, 119–24. Also in Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 28–30. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Shaikh Farid: The Punjabi mystic. Sikh Review, 27(310), Oct 1979, 5–10. Lachhwant Singh. Relevance of Baba Shaikh Faird’s teachings. Sikh Review, 46(12), Dec 1998, 24–27. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The life of Shaikh Farid I, and the compositions of Shaikh Farid II, contained in the Granth Sahib of the Sikhs. Lahore: Artistic Printing Works, 1903. 67p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Saikh Farid. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 38–57. Marwah, Jaswant Singh. Suﬁsm through the ages in Punjab: Historicity of Sheikh Farid’s word (Bani) in Adi Granth. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 76–. Matringe, Denis. The future has come near, the past is far behind: A study of Shaikh Farid’s verses and their Sikh commentaries in the Adi Granth. In Anna L. Dallapiccola and Stephanie Zingel-Av´e Lallemant, Eds. Islam and Indian regions. Stuttgart: Steine, 1993, pp. 417–43. McLeod, W.H. Signiﬁcance of Baba Farid as a symbol of human brotherhood. Journal of Religious Studies, 5(1–2), Spr–Aut 1974, 225–37. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 162–75. Nizami, K.A. The life and times of Shaikh Farid-u’d-din Ganj-i-Shakar. Delhi: Idarah-iAdabiyat-i-Delli, 1973. 144p. Nizami, K.A. Teachings of Shaikh Farid. Panjab Past and Present, 7(2), Oct 1973, 340–54. Parman Singh. Sheikh Farid. Sikh Review, 21(234), May 1973, 20–23. Pashaura Singh. Bani Shaikh Farid ji ki. In his The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh self-deﬁnition and the Bhagat Bani. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 42–80. Pritpal Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: Legend and poetry. Sikh Review, 30(339), Mar 1982, 22–26. Pritpal Singh. The mystic melodies of Shaikh Farid. Patiala: Mohit Enterprises, 2002. 120p. Pritpal Singh. Sheikh Baba Farid: The man poet. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jul 1973, 14–16. Ram Singh. Human image in the poetry of Baba Farid. Sikh Review, 22(242), Feb–Mar 1974, 9–17. Santokh Singh. Sheikh Farid: The peerless Suﬁ poet. Sikh Review, 22(245), May 1974, 52–53. Satyavrat, D. Shlokes of Baba Farid: A study in imagery. Sikh Review, 23(254–55), Feb–Mar 1975, 40–43. Shan, Harnam Singh. Sheikh Baba Farid: Patriarch of Punjabi Suﬁsm. Panchbati Sandesh, 25(3), Jan 2003, 14–16. Also in Sikh Review, 45(7), Jul 1997, 12–14. Shan, Harnam Singh. So said Sheikh Farid. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1974. 104p. Sharma, Sri Ram. Shaikh Farid and his times. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 6(2), Oct 1975, 45–54. Srivastava, R.N. Challenges to poetic theories from Baba Farid. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Feb 1976, 39–52.

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Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: A study of his mystical experience. In Gurcharan Singh and Manjit Inder Singh, Eds. Prof. Talib: A perspective. Delhi: Prof. Talib Memorial Trust, 1987, pp. 127–39. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: His life and teachings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1973. 60p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid: A brief study of his spiritual experience. Journal of Religious Studies, 5(1–2), Spr–Aut 1974, 211–24. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Baba Sheikh Farid Shakar Ganj. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1974. 126p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Sheikh Farid. Patiala: Baba Farid Memorial Society, 1976. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Shaikh Farid. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 11–13. Taran Singh. Sheikh Farid: His composition, imagery and thought. Sikh Review, 22(244), Apr 1974, 52–61. Vinod, T.R. Socio-cultural context of Sheikh Baba Farid Bani. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), 1995, 86–90. Wazir Singh. Relevance of Baba Farid. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(2), 1996, 56–62.

5. Sikh Philosophy Advani, K.V. Enduring harmonies of Sikh religion. Sikh Review, 27(308), Aug 1979, 14–15. Advani, K.V. Sikhism and luminous realm of values. Sikh Review, 25(283), Jul 1977, 35–37. Ahluwalia, Beant Singh. Sikh perception of religious conviction and its applications. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(3), Jul–Sept 1991, 9–21. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Akal Murat (i): Time & reality in Sikh philosophy. In Pritam Singh, Ed. Sikh concept of the divine. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985, pp. 87–98. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Concept of Akal Murat. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(2), Aug 1979, 9–20. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Conception of polity in Sikh religion. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 91–96. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Co-relation of the spiritual and the temporal sovereignty in Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 8(4), Aut–Win 1976–77, 4–8. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Doctrinal identity of Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1974, 20–26. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(37), 25 May, 1987, 3–4. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The doctrinal sovereignty of Sikhism In Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ed. Sikhism and the 21st century. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 88–123. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Doctrine and dynamics of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 147p. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Essential postulates of Sikhism and their sociological signiﬁcance. In Gurnam Kaur, Ed. Sikh value system and social change. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995, pp. 96–107. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The human ideal according to eminent philosophers in the context of Sikh thought. Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1991, 5–18. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Metaphysical problems of Sikhism. Chandigarh: Godwin Publishers, 1976. 78p. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sikhism and the challenges of contemporary modes of thought: Religion and the present day world situation. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 5–11. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sikhism and Marxism (contradictions). Journal of Sikh Studies, 4, Aug 1977, 39–48. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sikhism and postulates of Indian Western thought. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 126–29. Also in Sikh Courier, 27(63), Spr–Sum 1987, 11–13. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sikhism vs. Indian and Western thought: A study in postulates. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 140–44. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sovereignty of the Sikh doctrine. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1983. 187p. Ahuja, N.D. Essence and the fragrance. Chandigarh: International Study Centre, 1975. 64p.

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Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Glimpses of Sikh religion. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1988. 194p. Alag, Sarup Singh. Concept of Sikh and his God. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 43–44. Aman, Jaswant Singh. Sikh ethos and miracle. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Apr–Jun 2002, 93–96. Aman, Jaswant Singh. Sikh ethos: Gurbani is key—need for introspection. Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Amarjit Singh. Essential human unity: A spiritual perspective. Sikh Review, 34(393), Sep 1986, 24–28. Amarjit Singh. Sikh way of life: Challenge and response. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 91–95. Amarjit Singh. Sikh concept of mysticism. Spokesman Weekly, 36(19), 19 Jan, 1987, 10. Amrik Singh. Religion of the true disciples of God. 1951. Amrik Singh. Truth in religion. Ludhiana, 1953. 54p. Amrit Veen Kaur. Critical study of Sikh idea of God. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1996. 135p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Changing pattern of the Sikh way of life. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), 1983, 21–22. Anand, Balwant Singh. Human problems in religious perspective with special reference to the Indian society. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 53–62. Aparna Singh. Man and his life’s goal: A Sikh religious perspective. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 127–36. Ardaman Singh. God realization in Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 41(91), Spr–Sum 2001, 13–15. Attar Singh. Concept of spiritual bliss in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(6), Oct 1980, 4. Attar Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of religious humanism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 19–28. Attar Singh. Liberation, theology and Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 1–6. Attar Singh. Secularism and Sikh faith. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1973. 28p. Attar Singh. Secularism and Sikh faith. Sikh Review, 30(342), Jun 1982, 51–65. Avtar Singh. Courage is a central virtue in the ethics of Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 37(3), Sep 21, 1987, 3–4. Avtar Singh. Essence of Sikh ethics. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 13–14. Avtar Singh. Ethics of the Sikhs. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1966. 405p. Avtar Singh. Ethics of the Sikhs. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. 288p. 3rd Ed. Avtar Singh. The role of moral philosophy in Sikhism. In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 23.

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Avtar Singh. The Sikh perspective of values and social change. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 75–87. Avtar Singh and Gurnam Kaur. Philosophical perspectives of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. 254p. Bagga, Baljit Singh. Mysticism in Sikh religion. In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 78–88. Balbir Singh. Sikhism: The outer versus inner aspects. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 33–35. Balkar Singh. Sikh mysticism: An analytical study in experience and expression. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1983. Balkar Singh. Sikh values in a dialogical perspective. In Gurnam Kaur, Ed. Sikh value system and social change. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995, pp. 108–. Baweja, Sajjan Singh. Cosmology according to Sikhism. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 10–11. Bhag Singh. Sikhism and its fundamentals. Sikh Review, 17(180), Jul 1968, 22–34. Bhalla, Daljit Happy. The transition of Sikh philosophy. Masters Thesis. California: Institute of Integral Studies. 1992. 97p. Bhatia, Rajinder Singh. Moral law in Sikh religion. Sikh Review, 50(3), Mar 2002, 46–48. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Bandginama. Sikh Review, 33(392), Oct 1985, 25–29. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Bandgi Nama: Communion with the divine. Calcutta: Atam Science Trust, 2001. 244p. 2nd Ed. Brar, Harbans Singh. Karma in Sikhism: A comparative study. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 97–107; and 25(2), 2001, 1–9. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Integrated and comprehensive philosophy of Sikhism. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Nanakian philosophy for world peace. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Nanakian Philosophy: The term deﬁned. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 4(2), Jul–Dec 2002. Chahal, Davinder Singh. Origin of universe according to Nanakian philosophy. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Understanding Sabd and Guru, and their implications. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Chahal, Devinder Singh. A unique concept of God in Nanakian philosophy. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 4(2), Jul–Dec 2002. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Self in Sikh ethos. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 61–72. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Sikh ethos: Ethics of acceptance and integration.Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(2), Jul–Dec 1994, 64–73. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Sikh ethos: Metaphysics and moral value. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1993, 61–81.

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Chawla, Surjit Singh. Sikh ethos: The religious and the radical. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(2), Jul–Dec 1996, 105–123. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Sikh ethos: Quest for harmony, integration and altruism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 16–34. Chhabra, G.S. God of the Sikhs and the way to him. Sikh Courier, 8(4), Aut–Win 1976–77, 14–15. Chhabra, Kirpal Singh. Rule of law and thought. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 57–65. Chopra, Ravinder Mohan. Concept of Maya in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 10–14. Chopra, Ravinder Mohan. Ethical basis of Sikhism. Sikh Review 50(7), Jul 2002, 15–18. Choudhuri, Indra N. Dharma, Sikh value pattern and modern crisis. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 1–10. Cole, Owen W. Sikh ethics. Sikh Bulletin, 2, 1985, 20–23. Cole, Owen W. and P.S. Sambhi. The Sikhs: Their religious beliefs and practices. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978. 210p. Dalip Singh. Evolution of Bhakti into spiritualism of sword. Sikh Review, 16(17), Apr 1968, 16–19. Dalip Singh. Sikhism: A modern and psychological perspective. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1979. 130p. Dalip Singh. Universal Sikhism: An aid to moral upliftment. Chandigarh: Bahri Publications, 1979. 163p. Dalip Singh. Yoga and Sikh teachings: Some basic questions. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1979. 146p. Daljeet Singh. Concept of Haumain. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 89–97. Daljeet Singh. Doctrine of Maya in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 57–78. Daljeet Singh. Doctrine of Naam in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 27–65. Daljeet Singh. Idea of freedom and responsibility in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 88–93. Daljeet Singh. Idea of God in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Aug 1978, 29–38. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 5(3), Jan 1983, 25–33. Daljeet Singh. Origin of Sikh faith. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspectives on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha Publications, 1986, pp. 55–58. Daljeet Singh. Principles of Sikh ethics. Spokesman Weekly, 35(46), 14 Jul, 1986, 3–5. Daljeet Singh. Sikh ideology. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1984. 150p. Daljeet Singh. Sikh theory of evolution: Haumai. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(1), Jan–Jun 1993, 24–35. Daljeet Singh. Sikhism: A comparative study and its theology and mysticism. New Delhi: Sterling, 1979. 379p.

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Daljeet Singh and Kharak Singh. Sikhism: Its philosophy and history. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997. 728p. Daljit Singh. God in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(2), 2001, 9–20. Darshan Singh. Seva in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 94–96. Darshan Singh. Seva in Sikhism: An inquiry into its meaning. Sikh Review, 28(319), Jul 1980, 16–20. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(2), 2001, 149–52. Darshan Singh. Some issues in the study of faith. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 149–62. Darshan Singh. Spirituality, religious discipline and practice in Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 27(63), Spr–Sum 1987, 14–16. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 25–30. Darshan Singh. Spiritual journey and the formation of persons: A Sikh perspective. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 78–85. Das, Debabrata. Concept of God as creator of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 49(8), Aug 2001, 9–12. Das, Debabrata. Sikhism and Sankhya philosophy. Kolkata: S.K. Pustak Bhandar, 2002. 84p. Davids, T.W.R. The religion of the Sikhs. Theological Review (London), 15, 1878, 548–. Dewan Singh. Concept of sehaj. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(2), 2001, 111–18. Dhaliwal, Avtar Singh. Su(n)n—doctorine in Nanakian philosophy. Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal, 5(2), July–Dec 2003. Dhaliwal, G.S. Sikhism: Self questioning and reappraisal. Sikh Review, 19(209), Apr 1971, 35–37. Dharam Singh. Bondage and liberation: The Sikh perspective. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 150–55. Dharam Singh. Concept of liberation in Sikhism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 28–35. Dharam Singh. Concept of Mukti in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 6–15. Dharam Singh. Ethical view of life: The Sikh perspective. Spokesman Weekly, 35(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1985, 29–30. Dharam Singh. Ethics of creative enlightenment and activism. Journal of Dharma, 10(4), 1985, 354–60. Dharam Singh. Religion for peace: The Sikh perspective. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 7(1), Apr 1988, 54–60. Dharam Singh. Sikh spirit and the global society. Sikh Review, 51(1), Oct 2003, 16–20. Dharam Singh. Sikh vision of an ideal social structure. Sikh Courier, 36(82), Aut–Win 1996, 27–31. Dharam Singh. Sikh theology of liberation. New Delhi: Harman Publishers, 1991. 183p. Dharam Singh. Sikhism: An attempt at religious synthesis and unity. Journal of Dharma, 12(1), Jan–Mar 1987, 6–14.

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Dharam Singh. Sikhism and religious pluralism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 45–58. Dharam Singh. Sikhism: Norm and form. Patiala: Vision & Venture, 1997. 166p. Dharam Singh. The social dimension of Sikh theology. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(1), 1993, 28–38. Dharam Singh. Theology of liberation in the Sikh context. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 80–87. Dhillon, G.S. Concept of God in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 1–10. Dhillon, Jaswinder Kaur. Concept of values in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(2), 2001, 119–38. Dhillon, N.S. Pillars of divine philosophy: They speak in the Holy Granth. London: The author, 1977. 100p. Dhillon, Sukhraj Singh. Universality of the Sikh philosophy: An analysis. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Dhyan Singh. Nam: The healing balm. Spokesman Weekly, 36(16), 29 Dec, 1986, 3. Dimpy Gurvinder Singh. Sewa: The altruist principle. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Introduction to the philosophy of Sikh religion (based wholly on divine hymns): God, Maya and death. Chandigarh: Harbans Singh Doabia Satwant Kaur Charitable Trust, 1975. 184p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Philosophy and faith of Sikhism. Honesdale, Pa: Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the USA, 1988. 99p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Secular perceptions in Sikh faith. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1982. 115p. Farooqi, I.H. Azar. The Hukam in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 52–58. Gandhi, J.S. Religion as a vision and reality. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 64–69. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Altruism in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(37), 12 May, 1980, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of Hukam in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(1), 1 Sep, 1980, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of God in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(26), 25 Feb, 1980, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of Nam in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(23), Feb 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of Sewa in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(7), 13 Oct, 1980, 4–5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Ideal of social equality in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30, 17 Aug, 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Miracles: A Sikh perspective. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Sikh social ideals. Spokesman Weekly, 30(39), 25 May, 1987, 5. Gill, Kirpal Singh. What is true Gurmat? Sikh Review, 36(415), Jul 1988, 5–15. Gill, Pritam Singh. Concept of Sikhism. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing, 1979. 183p.

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Gill, Pritam Singh. Trinity of Sikhism: Philosophy, religion and state. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing, 1973. 303p. Gobind Singh. Some Sikh theologians. Sikh Review, 29(326), Feb 1981, 27–42. Goel, Dharmendra. Sikh ethos and modern humanism. Journal of Religious Studies, 20(2), 1991, 1–8. Gopal Singh. Sikhism: Fulﬁllment of life in God. Spokesman Weekly, 36(14), Annual Number, 1986. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-III: The nature of realization. Spokesman Weekly, 31(3), 10 May 1982, 5–6. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-IV: The Guru, God or the world? Spokesman Weekly, 31(36), 24 May 1982, 5–6. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-V: The world of man, reality or illusion? Spokesman Weekly, 31(40), 21 Jun 1982, 5–6. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-VI: God-man chooses to surrender to his all enveloping grace. Spokesman Weekly, 31(42), 5 Jul 1982, 4–5. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-VII: Karma, free will and grace. Spokesman Weekly, 31(45), 26 Jul 1982, 4–5. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-VIII: Transmigration, immortality and deliverance. Spokesman Weekly, 32(2), 13 Sep 1982, 5. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism-X: Good and evil. Spokesman Weekly, 31(47), 2 Aug 1982, 4. Grewal, J.S. The rule of law and Sikh thought. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 133–39. Guleria, J.S. Essence of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(47), 20 Jul, 1981, 5–6. Guleria, J.S. Religion and man: Sikh philosophy. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(1), Jul 1981, 30–34. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Experiencing God through Guru-Shabad. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 7–9. Gupta, B.S. Humanism in Sikhism. Gurdwara Gazette, 57(8), Sep 1987, 5–9. Gupta, B.S. Sikh faith: A psychological perspective. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(1), Jun 1983, 34–37. Gurbachan Singh. Karma and Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 36(11), 1986, 27–28. Gurbachan Singh. Sikhism and the doctrine of Karma. Sikh Review, 36(415), Jul 1988, 16–20. Also in Sikh Courier, 35(79), Spr–Sum 1995, 15–16. Gurbachan Singh and Sondeep Shankar. The Sikhs: Faith, philosophy & folk. New Delhi: Lustre Press, 1998. 98p. Gurbakhsh Singh. The Sikh faith: A universal message. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1997. 152p. Gurbakhsh Singh. The Sikh faith: Questions and answers. Amritsar: SGPC, 1997. 213p. Gurbakhsh Singh and Sumit Kaur. A brief introduction to the Sikh faith. Amritsar: SGPC, 2002. 39p.

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Gurbhagat Singh. Sikh consciousness, Gurbani, Western aesthetics. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 52–58. Gurbhagat Singh. Social values and the sign systems in medieval Sikh literature. Journal of Religious Studies, 14(1), Spr 1986, 40–46. Gurnam Kaur. Reasons and revelation in Sikhism. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. Published in 1990 by Cosmo Publications. Gurnam Kaur, Ed. The Sikh perspective of human values. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. 107p. Gursharan Singh. Implications of Sikh self-consciousness. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 31–35. Gyani, S.S. Philosophy of Sikhism. Ph.D. Thesis. London: University of London, 1938. Hans, Surjit. The psychological substrate of Sikh theology. Personality Study and Group Behavior, 6(2), Jul 1986, 47–54. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Akath Katha: The Sikh theology. Sikh Courier, 27(63), Spr–Sum 1987, 1–4. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Sikhism’s revealed theology. Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Harbans Singh. The doctrine of Degh-Tegh as a socio-economic ideal in Sikh thought. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1985. Harbans Singh. Faith of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 6–13; and 31(335), Nov 1981, 5–13. Harbans Singh. Foundation and scope of human dignity according to Sikhism. Panchbati Sandesh, 9(3), Jan 1987, 6–8. Also in Journal of Religious Studies, 7(2), Aug 1979, 1–3; and Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 3–5. Harbans Singh. Message of Sikhism. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 179p. Harbans Singh. Morality, ethics and values in Sikhism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(4), Oct–Dec 1990, 28–33. Harbans Singh. Peace imperative in Sikhism. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(1), Jul 1984, 5–13. Harbans Singh. Quintessence of Sikh religion practices. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 34–39. Harbans Singh. Sikh value system and materialistic society. In Gurnam Kaur, Ed. Sikh value system and social change. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995, pp. 66–69. Harchand Singh. Sikhism: A revealed religion. Journal of Sikhs Studies, 13, Feb 1986, 11–20. Hardit Singh. Concept of God in Sikhism. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 6(1), Jan–Mar 2004, 97–101. Harnam Singh. Sikh religion: Karma and transmigration. Jullundur: The author, 1955. 175p. Harvinder Singh. Karma and re-birth in Indian religious thought with special reference to Sikhism. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1990. Himat Singh. Philosophical conception of Sabda. Patiala: The author, 1985. 222p. Hoskins, Phil Singh. Path of the Sikh Dharma. Sikh Review, 21(237), Aug 1973, 38–39.

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6.2. Sikh Misls Bakshi, S.R. Sikh Misls. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 1: 78–135. Bhagat Singh. Emergency and dissolution of the Bhangi Missal. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 43–57.

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Bhagat Singh. Faizullapuria or Singhpuria Missal. Panjab Past and Present, 20, Oct 1986, 299–311. Bhagat Singh. A history of the Sikh misals. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1993. 492p. Bhagat Singh. Kanahiya missal: Its rise and fall. Panjab Past and Present, 20, Apr 1986, 105–28. Bhagat Singh. The Nakkai Misal: Its rise and fall. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 201–211. Bhagat Singh. Rise and fall of Karorsinghia missal. Panjab Past and Present, 21, Apr 1985, 20–36. Bhagat Singh. Rise and fall of the Dallewalia missal. Panjab Past and Present, 19, Oct 1985, 377–90. Bhagat Singh. Sukarchakia Misal: its rise and fall. Panjab Past and Present, 24(1), Apr 1990, 1–45. Also in Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia and Param Bakhshish Singh, Eds. An overview of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 10–49. Chahal, Sarabjeet Singh. Role of the Ahluwalias, 1765–1837. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988. Fauja Singh. Misaldari period of Sikh history. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 88–92. Gupta, Hari Ram. The Sikh Commonwealth or rise and fall of Sikh misls. Vol. 4 of his the History of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1978. 565p. Gupta, Hari Ram. Misls. In Harbans Singh, Ed: Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 3: 93–111. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Nature of misldari system: A case study of Kanhiya Misl. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 145–50. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. The Sikh misl. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 161–64. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 3rd session, 1968, 169–72. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Territorial acquisition under misaldari system: A case study of Ahluwalia misl. Panjab Past and Present, 17(2), Oct 1983, 290–94. Sachdeva, Veena. Administration under the Bhangi chiefs. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, Mar 1981, 94–104. Sachdeva, Veena. Bhangi chiefs. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 14th session, 1980, 157–60. Sachdev, Veena. Subjugation of the Bhangis. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980, pp. 79–85. Seetal, Sohan Singh. Sikh misls and the Punjab states. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1981. 6.2.1. Ramgarhia Misl Anderson, R.H. History of the 45 Rattra’s Sikhs, 1914–21. London: Stifton Praed, 1925. Bakhashish Singh. Maharaja Jassa Singha Ramagarhia. Amritsar: Literature House, 1980. 86p.

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Dharam Singh. Singh Sahib-Maharaja (Maharaja Ranjit Singh). In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Commemoration volume on bicentenary of his coronation 1801–2001. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 19–26. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh rule and Ranjit Singh. In S.P. Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabar, Eds. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 24–54. Dhillon, Jaswinder Kaur. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Personality and vision. In S.P. Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabar, Eds. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 158–69. Diwan, Amar Nath. Jafarnama Ranjit Singh. Edited by Sita Ram Kohli. Lahore: Panjab University, 1928. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The last to lay arms. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 2001. 152p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Ranjit Singh: A secular Sikh sovereign. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1989. 143p. Fauja Singh. Diplomatic code of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In Himadri Banerjee, Ed. The Khalsa and the Punjab: Studies in Sikh history to the nineteenth century. New Delhi: Tulika, 2002, pp. 86–92. Fauja Singh. Khalsaji’s powerful bid to save the independence of their kingdom in 1845–46. Panjab Past and Present, 16, Apr, 1981, 149–68. Fauja Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Search for a scientiﬁc North-West Frontier. In Ahmad Salim, Ed. Pashtun and Baloch history: Punjabi view. Lahore: Fiction House, 1991, pp. 54–81. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 12(2), Oct 1980, 118–44. Fauja Singh. Some aspects of state and society under Ranjit Singh. New Delhi: Master Publishers, 1982. 439p. Fauja Singh. State under Ranjit Singh. A harmonious combination of Sikh nationalism and secularism. Sikh Review, 28(320), Aug–Sep 1980, 38–43. Fauja Singh. Territorial organization: Concept of state rule and distribution of power. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980, 86–102. Fauja Singh and A.C. Arora, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, society, and economy. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2003. 352p. Ganda Singh. Date and place of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s birth. Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 20–23. Ganda Singh. Incomparable Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sikh Review, 35(402), Jun 1987, 23–35. Ganda Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: A life sketch. Amritsar: The author, 1939. 60p. Ganda Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: A short life sketch. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 7–19. Ganda Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s birth-place. Panjab Past and Present, 2(2), Oct 1968, 411–19. Ganda Singh. Some important sources of information on Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s period. Panjab Past and Present, 15(2), Oct 1981, 346–52.

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Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Life and accomplishments of Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa: Marshal of the Khalsa. Amritsar: Dharam Prachar Committee, 1993. 74p. Nayyar, G.S. Hari Singh Nalwa as governor of Punjab. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 9–15. Sachdeva, K.L. Hari Singh Nalwa: A great builder. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 74–80. Sandhu, A.S. General Hari Singh Nalwa: Builder of the Sikh. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1987. 132p. Sandhu, Avtar Singh. Kashmir under Hari Singh Nalwa. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 15–26. Sharma, Radha and Harish Sharma. Hari Singh Nalwa: A proﬁle. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 5–8. Surinder, Singh. Haripur—Hari Singh Nalwa’s gift to Hazara tribals. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 81–86. Surinder Singh. Hari Singhee coinage from Kashmir. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 27–39. Tahir, M. Athar. The ballad of Hari Singh Nalwa. Explorations (Muzaffarabad), 10–11, 1983– 1984, 18–30. 6.3.5. Battles Gulcharan Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the principles of war. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 192–201. Gulcharan Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s capture of Lahore (1799). Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 35–38. Gulcharan Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s conquest of Multan. Panjab Past and Present, 19(1), Apr 1985, 67–80. Pradhan, S.D. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s main elements of warfare. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 202–11. Qalb-i-Abid, S. Ranjit Singh and fall of Multan. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 372–84. Rai Jasbir Singh. Popular Dogra resistance to the occupation of Jammu by Maharaja Ranjit Singh: A study of two Dogra ballads. Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, 29(1), Apr–Jun 1989, 45–47. 6.3.6. Foreign Relations Bajwa, Kulwinder Singh. European travelers on Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980, pp. 44–54. Bhalla, S.L. British government and Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1809–14). Panjab Past and Present, 10(1), Apr 1976, 28–49.

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Dev, P.C. The European ofﬁcers in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his successors. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 342–43. Fauja Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the face of British challenge, 1831–39: A probable new perspective. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 168–91. Fauja Singh. Why did British turn a somersault in 1808 in their negotiations with Ranjit Singh? In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Ed. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in the honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 176–84. Ganda Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh as European saw him. In S.P. Singh and Harish C. Sharma, Eds. Europeans and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 39–47. Grey, C. European military adventures: A perspective. In S.P. Singh and Harish C. Sharma, Eds. Europeans and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 15–28. Gulcharan Singh. Europeans in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sikh Review, 21(236), Jul 1973, 28–33; 21(237), Aug 1973, 65–70; 21(238), Sep 1973, 40–45; 21(239), Oct 1973, 50–55; and 21(240), Nov 1973, 35–42. Harpreet Kaur. Maharaja Ranjit Singh as seen by foreigners. Spokesman Weekly, Apr 1984. Kiernan, Victor. Metcalf’s mission to Lahore, 1808–1809. Patiala: Language Department, Panjab, 1971. 110p. (Reprint). Kirpal Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s relations with the British. Spokesman Weekly, 32(43), 27 Jun, 1983, 5, 11. Lafont, Jean Marrie. Fauj-i-khas Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his French ofﬁcers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2002. 240p. Lafont, Jean Marrie. French administrators of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1986. 136p. Lafont, Jean Marrie. The French perspective. In S.P. Singh and Harish C. Sharma, Eds. Europeans and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 29–38. Lafont, Jean Marrie. Private business and cultural activities of the French ofﬁcers of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(1), Feb 1983, 74–104. Lafont, Jean Marrie and Prithipal Singh Kapur. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The French connection. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001. 240p. Nair, L.R. Faqir Aijaudin as Ranjit Singh’s foreign minister. Lahore: n.d. 77p. Nirmal Kant. Sikh-Afghan relations under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1800–1839. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1954. Sethi, R.R. The mighty and shrewd Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s relations with other powers. Delhi: S. Chand, 1960. 255p. Shamat Ali. Sikhs and Afghans in connection with India and Persia immediately after the death of Ranjit Singh, etc. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 550p. Singh, S.P. and Harish C. Sharma, Eds. Europeans and Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001. 156p.

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Surjit Singh. Attitude of Maharaja Ranjit Singh towards East India Company: A study of some aspects of his foreign policy. Journal of Historical Research (Ranchi), 19(2), Jan 26, 1977, 61–67. Verma, Davinder Kumar. Maharaja Ranjit Singh as seen by foreigners. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 242–49. Wojtilla, Gyula. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Hungary. Spokesman Weekly, 1 Dec 1980. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 15(1), Apr 1981, 13–17. 6.3.7. Kohinoor Fredricks, Leo, et al. Story of the Kohinoor diamond. Calcutta: Writers Workshop, 1993. 132p. Ganda Singh. Maharani Jind Kaur, the Kohinoor and Maharaja Ranjit Singh memorial. Panjab Past and Present, 14(2), Oct 1980, 273–75. Gill, Avtar Singh. Maharaja and the Kohinoor. Ludhiana: Central Publishers, 1982. 108p. Howarth, Stephen. Kohinoor diamond: The history and the legend. London: Quartet, 1980. Israel, Nigel B. The unkindest cut of all: Recruiting the Kohinoor. Journal of Gemology, 23(3), 1992, 176. Jaffar, Ghulam Mohammad. A brief history of the Koh-i-Noor diamond. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 46(1), 1998, 43–49. Kapur, Sindhu. The journey of Koh-i-noor (From Punjab to Britain). Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 34th session, Mar 2002, 183. Pushpinder Singh. Koh-i-noor & the tale of betrayal. Sikh Review, 45(12), Dec 1997, 32–35. Sircar, Rani. The mystery of Kohinoor: Gift of deceit. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 45–48. Sullivan, John. Kohinoor, to whom does it belong? Panjab Past and Present, 4(1), Apr 1970, 109–155. 6.3.8. Epilogue Ahluwalia, M.L. Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sikh Review, 28(320), Aug–Sep 1980, 132–35. Fauja Singh. After Ranjit Singh. New Delhi: Master Publications, 1982, 352p. Ganda Singh and Teja Singh, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: First death centenary memorial volume. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 1939. 267p. Gill, Avtar Singh. The Lion departs (Maharaja Ranjit Singh). In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Commemoration volume on bicentenary of his coronation 1801–2001. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 209–30. Harwant Singh. The glorious Maharaja Ranjit Singh and end of an era. Sikh Review, 49(6), Jun 2001, 26–30. Hira Singh, Ed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Being tributes to the memory of the great monarch presented by Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Lahore. Lahore: University Sikh Association, 1939. 17 + 119p.

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Joginder Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s relation with the British: New light on his death. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, Nov 1976, 86–93. Kohli, Sita Ram. Sunset of Sikh empire. Bombay: Orient Longmans, 1967. 203p. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Centenary volume. Cawnpore: Centenary Celebration Committee, 1940. 188p. Maninder. Toward the end of Ranjit Singh’s reign: The evidence of a British ofﬁcer. In 46th Indian History Congress papers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Anarchy and confusion in Lahore army after Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 19(1), Apr 1985, 93–97. Sarna, Mohinder Singh. At the Samadhi of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(2), Sep 1987, VII. Seetal, Sohan Singh. How fell the Sikh kingdom? Ludhiana: Lyall Book Depot, 1970. 318p. Sukhpal Singh. After Ranjit Singh. In 46th Indian History Congress papers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985.

6.4. Anglo-Sikh Relations Bakshi, S.R. Anglo-Sikh relations. Vol. 4 of the Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 207p. Hasrat, Bikram Jit. Anglo-Sikh relations, 1779–1849: A reappraisal of the rise and fall of the Sikhs. Hoshiarpur: VVRI, 1968. 441p. Khanna, K.C. Anglo-Sikh relations, 1839–49. Ph.D. Thesis. London University, 1932. Khanna, K.C. Sikh leadership and some aspects of Anglo-Sikh relations. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 28p. Latham, M. Anglo-Sikh relations, 1839–1846. Ph.D. Thesis. University of London, 1989. 429p.

6.5. Anglo-Sikh War Agrawal, K.P. Anglo-Sikh war: Battle of Pherushahar. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 37–40. Ajudhia, Parshad (Diwan). Waqai-jang-I-Sikhan (Event of the First Anglo-Sikh War 1845–46): Eyewitness account of the Battles of Pheroshar and Sabraon. Translated by V.S. Suri. Chandigarh: Punjab Itihas Prakashan, 1975. 59p. Bawa, Satinder Singh. Raja Gulab Singh’s Role in the First Anglo-Sikh War. Modern Asian Studies, 5(1), 1971, 35–59. Bruce, George. Six battles for India: Anglo-Sikh Wars, 1845–46, 1848–49. Calcutta: Rupa, 1969. 336p. Dhillon, Kulbir Singh. Faridkot state and ﬁrst Anglo-Sikh war. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 17th session, 1982, 124–27. Ganda Singh. Private correspondence relating to the Anglo-Sikh Wars: Being private letters of Lord Ellenborough, Hardinge, Dalhousie and Gough and political assistants addressed to Sir Fredric Currie, the British resident at Lahore. Amritsar: Sikh History Society, 1955. 515p.

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Hasrat, B.J. Anglo-Sikh War I, 1845–46. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 164–69. Hasrat, B.J. Anglo-Sikh War II, 1848–49. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 169–75. Karnail Singh. Winston Churchill’s account of Anglo-Sikh wars and its in-side tale. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, 1984. 161p. Pritam Singh. Karl Marx and the ﬁrst Anglo-Sikh war. Sikh Review, 39(11), Nov 1991, 30–34. Sharma, Parvati. Role of treachery in the Anglo-Sikh wars. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 187–91. Sukhvir Singh. The Anglo-Sikh wars: A study of military dimensions. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1991. Wilson, Major Henry. The ﬁrst Anglo-Sikh war. Panjab Past and Present, 2(1), Apr 1968, 67–81.

6.6. Sikhs and Freedom Struggle Ahluwalia, M.L. and Kirpal Singh. Punjab’s pioneer freedom ﬁghters. New Delhi: Orient Longmans, 1963. 115p. Aulakh, Gurcharan Singh. Role of Babbar Akalis in freedom struggle. In Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 310–17. Baghi, Satpal Singh. Role of the Sikhs during the mutiny of 1857. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 21–26. Bajaj, S.K. Role of the Sikhs in the revolt of 1857 in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 141–48. Bajaj, S.K. The Sikhs were divided on 1857 uprising. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publishers, 1995. Vol. 1: 208–12. Bakshi, S.R. Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. New Delhi: Capital, 1982. 208p. Bal, S.S. National movement in the Punjab. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 398–408. Bal, Sarjit Singh. Sikh struggle for independence and the place of sovereignty in Sikh politics, 1699–1765. (No imprint). Bal Krishan, Ed. Jallianwalla Bagh massacre: A premeditated plan. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 208p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. The Sikh war of independence. Sikh Review, 33(380), Aug 1985, 14–22; 20(221), Apr 1972, 29–35; 24(267), Mar 1976, 28–31; and 27(308), Aug 1979, 5–12. Bhag Singh. Sikh contribution to freedom movement. Sikh Review, 24(272), Aug 1976, 5–8; and 23(260), Aug 1975, 8–11. Birdwood, C.B. India’s freedom struggle: Role of Muslims and the Sikhs. Delhi: Discovery Publishing House, 1988. 276p. Boparai, Hari Singh. Revolt of 1857 in Punjab and role of the Sikhs. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2000, 101p.

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Chaudhary, Bal Mokand. History of freedom movement in India & Punjab. Ambala Cantt: Sohan Lal Publishing, 1961. 327p. Das, J.L. Jalianwala Bagh: Its aftermath. Sikh Review, 18(198), Apr–May 1979, 49–50. Das, J.L. Jallianwala Bagh and Winston Churchill. Sikh Review, 19(209), Apr 1971, 50–54. Datta, V.N. Could Jallianwala bagh massacre be prevented? In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Panjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 262–70. Daya Singh and Gurubanda Singh. Sikh freedom ﬁghters in the age of revolution. Sikh Review, 25(284), Aug 1977, 5–20. Deol, G.S. Role of Khalsa College, Amritsar in India’s freedom movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, March 1991, 294–303. Also in Sikh Review, 41(10), Sept 1991, 24–34. Dharam Singh. Role of Sikhs in the 1857 revolt. Sikh Review, 41(2), Feb 1993, 22–26. Dharam Singh. Sikh contribution to independence struggle: Memories of a Bengali revolutionary. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 26–29. Dhillon, Mohinder Singh. Role of Punjabis in the freedom struggle in the Andamans. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 166–72. Domin, Dolores. Sikhs in the 1857 uprising. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 44–56. Also in Sikh Review, 39(11), Nov 1991, 35–46. Draper, Alfred. Amritsar: The massacre that ended the Raj. New Delhi: 1981, 301p. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Sikhs and the freedom of movement. Sikh Review, 30(344), Aug 1982, 13–16. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Sikhs in India’s struggle for freedom. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1998, 14–22. Fauja Singh. Brief accounts of the freedom movement in Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 62p. Fauja Singh. Eminent freedom ﬁghters of Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 262p. Furneaux, Rupert. Massacre at Amritsar. London: Allen & Uniwn, 1963. 193p. Ganda Singh. The India mutiny of 1857 and the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 41(8), Aug 1993, 26–32. Ganda Singh. Punjab’s struggle for freedom through the ages. Panjab Past and Present, 10(2), Oct 1976, 333–40. Ganda Singh. The truth about the Indian mutiny of 1857 and the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 20(225), Aug 1972, 32–44; and 29(328), Apr 1981, 49–64. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Struggles of the Sikhs for sovereignty. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1980. 552p. Gill, Dharam Singh. Role of Sikhs in the 1857 revolt. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 203–207. Gopal Singh. Sikhism’s battle for peace through the ages. Spokesman Weekly, 31(44), 19 Jul, 1982, 4–5. Gopal Singh. Sikhism’s contribution to Indian renaissance. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 26–29.

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Grewal, Gurdial Singh. Freedom struggle of India by Sikhs and Sikhs in India: The facts world must know. Ludhiana: Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Trust, 1991. 3 Vols. Gulcharan Singh. Role of Sikhs in the struggle for India’s independence. Sikh Review, 34(389), Aug 1986, 13–26; and 27(312), Dec 1979, 56–63. Gulcharan Singh. Sikh role in the struggle for India’s independence. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 99–110. Gurmukh Singh. A brief account of military Sikh struggles for religious freedom. Hyderabad (Sind): Sikh Publicity Committee, 1921. 4p. Harchet Singh. Role of Sikhs in independent movement. Spokesman Weekly, 30(42), 15 Jun 1981, 4. Joginder Singh. The Sikhs and the anti-British agitation in the ﬁrst decade of the twentieth century. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, March 1991, 340–. Kapur Singh. Sikhs and Chinese aggression. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 174–77. Khilnani, N.M. The Punjab and the great revolt (1857–1858). In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 213–28. Kirpal Singh. Fifty years into freedom: Sikh’s contribution. Sikh Review, 45(11), Nov 1997, 40–46. Kirpal Singh. Punjab contribution to the freedom struggle. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1980, 17. Kirpal Singh. Sikh contribution in the freedom movement. Sikh Review, 19(213), Aug 1971, 4–10; and 36(916), Aug 1988, 29–37. Kirpal Singh. Sikh role in varied struggles. Spokesman Weekly, 29(50), 11 Aug, 1980, 6. Kirpal Singh. Sikhs and India’s freedom struggle. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), Jan–Jun 1991, 129–37. Mitrokhiv, L.V. and A.V. Raikov. New revelation about the Amritsar massacre. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 42–50. Mohinder Singh. Heroic role played by the people of Punjab in India’s struggle for independence. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, March 1995, 290–305. Mohinder Singh. Nankana Sahib tragedy and its aftermath. Spokesman Weekly, 37(22), 22 Feb, 1988, 4–5. Mohinder Singh. Sikhs and India’s struggles for independence. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 133–41. Prem Singh. Sikhism and the freedom struggle. Secular Democracy, 11(9), Oct 1982, 49–52. Rai, Satya M. Legislative politics and freedom struggle in the Punjab—1897–1947. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 529–39. Raja Ram. Jallianwala Bagh massacre: A premeditated plan. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 208p. Rajinder Singh. Sikhs made more sacriﬁces for India’s freedom than any other community. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–2–3), Annual Number 1983, 35–36.

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Salim, Ahmad. Jallianwala Bagh massacre. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 482–80. Satinder Singh. Sikhs in India’s freedom struggle. Forum Gazette, 15 May, 1986. Shan, Harnam Singh. The role of Punjab in the 1857 struggle for independence. Sikh Review, 33(380), Aug 1985, 36–40; and 27(308), Aug 1979, 16–19. Shergill, Hari Singh. Jalianwala Bagh massacre and the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 18(186), Jan 1969, 54–57. Shergill, Hari Singh. Sikh sacriﬁces for India and their reward: A balance sheet. Sikh Review, 20(225), Aug 1972, 11–16. Srivastava, Nagendra Mohan Prasad. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakina and Indian liberation movement. Sikh Review, 24(271), Jul 1976, 26–30. Talwar, K.S. Early phases of the Sikh renaissance and struggle for freedom. Panjab Past and Present, 4(2), Oct 1970, 288–301. Tatla, Darshan Singh. Marx and Engles on the role of Sikhs during the mutiny of 1851 in British India. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 96–105. Walia, J.M. The role of Sikhs in the national freedom struggle. Panjab Past and Present, 24(1), Apr 1990, 131–55. Also in Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 318–48. Zail Singh (Giani). Punjab’s role in freedom struggle. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 395–97.

6.7. Singh Sabha Movement Azad, Kirpal Singh. Relevance of Singh Sabha movement and Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Jun 1981, 31–32. Barrier, N. Gerald. The Singh Sabhas and the evolution of modern Sikhism, 1975–1925. In Robert D. Baird, Ed. Religion in modern India. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 1998, pp. 129–223. Barrier, N. Gerald. The Singh Sabha Movement 1875–1925. In Harish K. Puri and Paramjit S. Judge, Eds. Social and political movements: Readings on Punjab. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2000, pp. 57–92. Barrier, N. Gerald and Nazer Singh. Singh Sabha movement. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 205–212. Devinder Singh. Origin of the Singh Sabha movement. M.A. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1973. 102p. Dhillon, G.S. The Singh Sabha Movement. Illustrated Weekly of India, 94(45), Nov 11, 1973, 15–17. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Character and impact of the Singh Sabha movement on the history of the Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1973. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Singh Sabha movement: A revival. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 234–64.

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Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Singh Sabha movement and social change. In Gurnam Kaur, Ed. Sikh value system and social change. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995, pp. 27–51. Ganda Singh. Singh Sabha and other socio-religious movement in Punjab. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 19–24. Gobind Singh. Singh Sabha movement: Retrospect and prospect. Sikh Review, 22(252), Dec 1974, 14–17. Gulcharan Singh. Giani Dit Singh: Stalwart of the Singh Sabha movement. Sikh Review, 31(333), Sep 1981, 30–36. Gurdarshan Singh. The character and impact of Singh Sabha movement. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1974. Gurdarshan Singh. Origin and development of Singh Sabha movement: Constitutional aspects. Panjab Past and Present, 7(1), Apr 1973, 45–58. Gurdarshan Singh. The Singh Sabha movement. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 95–107. Harbans Singh. The emergence of Singh Sabha and the Duleep Singh campaign. Sikh Review, 43(2), Feb 1995, 22–26. Harbans Singh. Origins of Singh Sabha. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in the honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 273–82. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(2), Sep 1980, 15–19. Harbans Singh. Thakur Singh Sandhanwalia, the Singh Sabha and the Duleep Singh campaign. Panchbati Sandesh, 6(2), Oct 1983, 18–23. Joginder Singh. The founding of Singh Sabha. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 190. Oberoi, Harjot Singh. Historical and bibliographical reconstruction of the Singh Sabha in the nineteenth century Punjab. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 108–30. Oberoi, Harjot Singh. A historiographical note on the Singh Sabha movement. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 119–24. Partap Singh. Sikh renaissance program of Singh Sabha Centenary Celebration Committee. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 39–40. Puri, Harish K. Singh Sabha and Ghadar movement: Contending political orientations. Punjab Journal of Politics, 7(2), Jul–Dec 1983, 12–26. Rajwant Kaur. Arya Samaj and Singh Sabha movements. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. Sara, Iqbal Singh. Sikh Sabha movements. Sikh Marg, 6(1), Apr 1994, 25–27. Sharma, S.C. The Singh Sabha movement and transformation of Sikh society. Panjab Past and Present, 21(1), Apr 1987, 143–47. Sudarshan Singh. The contribution of the Singh Sabha as a socio-religious movements in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 343– 45. Teja Singh. Singh Sabha movement. Panjab Past and Present, 7(1), Apr 1973, 31–44.

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6.8. Gurdwara Reform Movement Ahluwalia, M.L. Gurdwara reform movement, 1919–1925, an era of Congress-Akali collaboration: Select documents. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1985. 492p. Barrier, N. Gerard. Sikh politics in British Punjab prior to the Gurdwara reform movement. In Joseph T. O’Connell, et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990, pp. 159–90. Gill, Kamaljit. Role of the vernacular press during the Gurdwara reform movement. Indian History Congress Proceedings (Delhi), 44th session, 1983, 463–70. Gobinder Singh. The Gurdwara reform movement: A study in participation and appropriation. Punjab Journal of Politics, 7(2), Jul–Dec 1983, 63–76. Harbans Singh. Nankana massacre: Saga of Gurdwara reform movement. Spokesman Weekly, 36(23), 16 Feb 1987, 8–. Khazan Singh. Brief review of Gurdwara reform movement. New Delhi: Manjit Singh, 1975. Khushdeva Singh. Saga of Gurdwara reform movement. Spokesman Weekly, 32(24), 1 Feb 1983, 6–7; and 32(25), 21Feb 1983, 5–7. Manjit Kaur. Gurdwara reform movement and the Tribune. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1986. Mohinder Singh. The Gurdwara reform movement. In Harish K. Puri and Paramjit S. Judge, Eds. Social and political movements: Readings on Punjab. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2000, pp. 171–92. Mohinder Singh. Sikhs and non-violence: A case study of the Gurdwara reform movement (1920–25). Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 103–111. Narang, A.S. Sikh Gurdwara movement and politicization of Sikhs. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 31–44. Roychoudhury, Ladli Mohan. Non-cooperation and the Sikh Gurdwara movement in Punjab, 1920–25. Calcutta Review (3rd series), 3(2), Spr 1986, 20–27. Sahni, Ruchi Ram. The Gurdwara reform movement and the Sikh awakening. Jullundur: Desh Sewak Book Agency, 1922. 480p. Sethi, G.R., et al. Sikh struggle for Gurdwara reform. Or, the history of the Gurdwara reform movement. Amritsar: Union Press, 1927. 127p. Teja Singh. The Gurdwara reform movement and the Sikh awakening. Amritsar: SGPC, 2000. 316p. 6.8.1. All India Sikh Gurdwara Act & Legislation Bajwa, Surinder Kaur. The Sikh Gurdwaras Act 1925. M.A. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1971. 112p. Bakshi, S.R. Gurdwara Act. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 5: 113–84. Balwant Singh. The Sikh Gurdwara bill 1999: A disaster in waiting. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(4), Oct–Dec 2002, 57–66.

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Gandhi, S.S. Perspectives on Sikh Gurdwaras legislation. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1993. 310p. Gurdip Singh. Administration of Sikh Gurdwaras and settlement of disputes: A study of Sikh Gurdwara judicial system. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1990. 338p. Harbans Singh. All India Sikh Gurdwara bill. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1997, 39–45. Harbans Singh. All India Sikh Gurdwara Bill: Its background and main features. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 32–37. Kashmir Singh. Desirability of All India Sikh Gurdwaras legislation. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(1), Feb 1987, 75–80. Kashmir Singh. Laws of religious institutions: Sikh Gurdwaras. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989. 568p. Kashmir Singh. Sikh Gurdwaras legislation: All India perspective. Amritsar: Singh Bros., 1991 168p. Kashmir Singh. Statutory regulation of religious affairs in India with special reference to the Sikh Gurdwaras. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. 483p. Kharak Singh. All India Sikh Gurdwara act. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Apr–Jun 2000, 72–78. Kharak Singh. On Gurdwara legislation. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies. 1998. 118p. Narula, R.S. Proposed amendments to Sikh Gurdwara act. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Jan– Mar 2000, 70–78. Patwant Singh. Implications of Gurdwara legislation. Sikh Review, 48(2), Feb 2000, 45–50. Sarhadi, Ajit Singh. Sikh Gurdwara act, 1925. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 143–46.

6.9. Akali Movement Bakshi, S.R. Akali movements, Vol. 6 of the Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 150p. Balbir Singh. Akali movement and oral evidence. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 341–43. Bhatia, S.S. Akali movement. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 49–53. Chaturvedi, Sadhana. Policy of the British Government towards the Akali movement. Ph.D. Thesis. Srinagar: Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 1998. Ganda Singh. Some conﬁdential papers of the Akali movement. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1965. 430p. Gill, Kamaljit. The Akali movement and the vernacular press. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, 183–89. Gurcharan Singh. Babbar Akali movement: A historical survey. Zira, Punjab: Aman Publications, 1993. 394p.

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Gurcharan Singh. Babbar Akali movement: A study of aims and objectives. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1986, 344–49. Gursharan Singh. The Akali movement in the Jind state. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 251–57. Gursharan Singh. Akali movement: A saga of valorous forbearance (1920–1925). Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, March 1995, 247–60. Gursharan Singh. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh and the Akali movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, 1981, 341–53. Iqbal Singh. Facts about Akali agitation in Punjab. Chandigarh: Fairdeal Press, 1960. Joshi, S.N. Circumstances leading to the rise of Akali movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 3rd session, March 1968, 298–303. Kartar Singh. S. Kartar Singh Jhabbar and the Akali movement. Sikh Review, 16(176), Mar 1968, 15–19. Kerr, Ian J. The fox and the lion: The Akali movement revisited. In Joseph T. O’Connell, et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990, pp. 211–25. Kirpal Singh. Babbar Akali movement. Sikh Review, 23(260), Aug 1975, 12–20; and 34(386), May 1986, 32–39. Kitchlew, Touﬁque. Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and the Akali movement in 1923–24. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 214–28. Manjit Singh. Late S. Khajan Singh: A pioneer of Akali movement. Sikh Review, 16(178), May 1968, 48–58. Manjit Singh. Late S. Khajan Singh: A pioneer of Akali movement. New Delhi: The author, 1975. 3rd ed. Mohinder Singh. Akali agitation over the keys affair: An early victory of non-cooperation. Punjab Journal of Politics, 1(1), Oct 1977, 111–22. Also in Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 376–85. Mohinder Singh. The Akali and Babbar Akali movement. In P.N. Chopra, Ed. India’s struggle for freedom: Role of associated movements. New Delhi: Congress Centenary Celebration Committee, 1985, pp. 660–700. Mohinder Singh. Akali-Congress cooperation during the Akali movement. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 169–73. Mohinder Singh. Akali involvement in the Nabha affair. Panjab Past and Present, 5(1), Apr 1971, 368–90. Mohinder Singh. The Akali movement. New Delhi: Macmillan 1978. 275p. Mohinder Singh. The Akali movement, (1920–25). Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1976. Mohinder Singh. The Akali movement. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 173–82. Mohinder Singh. The Akali movement: A vehicle of politicization of the Sikh community. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 19–30.

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Mohinder Singh. The Akali struggle: A retrospect. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988. 272p. Mohinder Singh. Akali struggle: Past and Present. Paper presented at the Conference on Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century. Dept of South Asian Studies, University of Toronto, Feb 1987. Mohinder Singh. Akalis and the nationalist politics. In Indu Banga, Ed. Five Punjabi centuries: Polity, economy, society and culture, 1500–1990. New Delhi: Manohar, 1997, pp. 221–42. Mohinder Singh. Akalis and non-cooperation. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 194–203. Mohinder Singh. British government’s policy towards the Akali movement. Panjab Past and Present, 10(1), Apr 1976, 176–90. Mohinder Singh. Historiography of the Akali movement. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 35–43. Mohinder Singh. Ofﬁcial policy towards the Akali movement (1921–1925). Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Feb 1977, 88–98. Mohinder Singh. Political awakening among the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 19(214), Sep 1971, 18–31. Narang, Amarjit Singh. Origin and growth of Akali movement and its role in Punjab politics. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1982. Nayyar, G.S. History of the Babbar Akalis. Jalandhar: ABS Publishers, 1987. 638p. Onkar Nand. Akali struggle and our duty. Amritsar: Onkar Press, n.d. 18p. Peace, M.L. S. Kartar Singh Jhabbar: The spearhead of Akali movement. Jullundur: The author, n.d. 148p. Raghbir Singh. Akali and partition of India. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(2), Jul–Dec 1996, 44–55. Raghbir Singh. Akali movement. 1926–1947. New Delhi: Omsons Publications, 1997. 256p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). The Akali movement. Panjab Past and Present, 7(1), Apr 1973, 119–47. Tan, Tai Yong. Assuaging the Sikhs: Government responses to the Akali movement, 1920–1925. Modern Asian Studies (London), 29(3), Jul 1995, 655–703. Tuteja, K.L. Akalis and the non-cooperation movement. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 174–82. Walia, Jagjivan Mohan. The Akali movement of 1920’s. Sikh Review, 40(6), Jun 1992, 34–37.

6.10. Punjabi Suba Movement Ajit Singh. Punjabi Suba: The story of the struggle. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1970. 529p. Adhikari, Gangadhar M. Sikh homeland through Hindu-Muslim-Sikh unity. Bombay: People’s Publishing House, 1945. 20p. Anand, Jagjit Singh. Sant Fateh Singh on the Suba. In Jagjit Singh Anand, et al., Ed. Punjabi Suba: A symposium. Delhi: National Book Club, 1967, pp. 1–13.

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Anand, Jagjit Singh, et al., Ed. Punjabi Suba: A symposium. Delhi: National Book Club, 1967. 171p. Bal. S.S. Towards the Punjabi-speaking state. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 200–210. Bhalla, Bhushan Chander. Punjab belongs to the Sikhs. Lahore: Modern Publications, 1947. 100p. Bhan Singh. Facts about Punjabi Suba agitation: A collection of memorandum presented before Das Commission. Amritsar: Shiromani Akali Dal, 1960. Brar, Jasmail Singh. CPI and the Punjabi Suba demand. Panjab Past and Present, 20(2), Oct 1986, 339–46. The complete case of Punjabi Suba. Bombay: Veekay Weekly, 1966. 52p. Dang, Satya Pal. Punjabi Suba movement: Punjab Journal of Politics, 7(2), Jul–Dec 1983, 151–65. Dhari, Alakh. Punjabi Suba demand X-rayed: Memorandum submitted to the Government of India. Ambala: Lalima Printers, 1965. 30p. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Evolution of the demand for a Sikh homeland. Indian Journal of Political Science, 35(4), 1974, 363. Doad, Karnail Singh. Punjabi Suba movement. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 391–405. Fateh Singh and Jawaharlal Nehru. Synopsis of the Nehru—Fateh Singh talks on the issue of the formation of Punjabi-speaking state. Amritsar: Shiromani Akali Dal, 1961. Floris, G.A. Sikhs and Punjab Suba.Contemporary Review (London), 198, Sept 1960, 501–504. Gopal Singh. Politics of Sikh homeland, 1940–1990. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1994. 324p. Gopal Singh and Nazar Singh. Question of the origin of Punjabi Suba (1948–49): An outline. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 51–56. Gurbachan Singh. Idea of Sikh state. Lahore: Lahore Book Shop, n.d. 48p. Gurcharan Singh. Ajit Singh Sarhadi as a historian of Punjabi Suba movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 395–99. Gurcharan Singh. Sikh homeland. Nishaan, 3, 2002, 48–57. Gurcharan Singh. Sikh homeland: The myth and reality. Sikh Review, 30(352), Apr 1983, 48–67. Gurnam Singh. A uni-lingual Punjabi state and the Sikh unrest: A statement. New Delhi: The author, 1960. 95p. Gur Rattan Pal Singh. Could there be a Sikh state on the eve of Indian partition? Sikh Review, 21(355), Nov 1981, 53–54. Harnam Singh. Sikh memorandum to the Punjab Boundary Commission. Lahore: The author, 1947. 76p. Hukum Singh. Plea for Punjabi-speaking state. Amritsar: Shiromani Akali Dal, n.d. India, Parliament Committee on the demand for Punjabi Suba (1966). (Chairman: Hukam Singh). Report. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1966. 90p.

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India, Punjab Boundary Commission (1965). (Chairman: J.C. Shah). Report. New Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1966. 149p. Jaspal Kaur. Punjabi Suba movement, 1948–66. Mimeo. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1984. Jaswant Singh. Facts without rhetoric: The demand for Punjabi Suba. New Delhi: Super Press, 1960. Kapur Singh. Sikh homeland demand clariﬁed. Sikh Review, 18(189), Apr 1969, 54–56. Kapur Singh. Some documents on the demand for the Sikh homeland. Chandigarh: All India Sikh Students Federation, 1956. 103p. Khan, Mohammad Jahangir. Towards Punjabi Suba: An analytical study of Sikh politics during 1953–64. South Asian Studies (Jaipur), 3(2), Jul 1986, 28–59. Khushwant Singh. The Punjabi Suba. Sikh Review, 23(253), Jan 1975, 15–23. Kohli, Manorama. Protest movement in the Punjab: A case study of the Punjabi Suba agitation. Panjab Past and Present, 17(2), Oct 1983, 383–403. Krishan Gopal. Inception of Punjabi Suba movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 274–84. Krishan Gopal. Punjabi Suba movement, 1947–66. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Krishan Gopal. Reaction of the Hindus towards the Punjabi Suba movement. Panjab Past and Present, 27(2), Oct 1993, 186–202. Lal Singh. Punjabi Suba convention of Sikh intelligentsia: Presidential address. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1961. Lamba, Krishan Gopal. Congress and the Punjabi Suba demand. Panjab Past and Present, 27(1), Apr 1993, 165–74. Lamba, Krishan Gopal. Dynamics of Punjabi Suba movement. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. 262p. Mann, Balbir Singh. The Punjabi Suba Morcha: A plea for sympathy. Delhi: The author, n.d. 16p. Mehervan Singh. Contemporary personal impressions on Indian independence movement and Punjabi Suba struggle. Singapore: Maja Marketing, 1992. 206p. Memorandum on Punjabi Suba. New Delhi: Cultural Books, 1965. 25p. Memorandum presented to the Parliamentary Committee on Punjabi Suba. New Delhi: Sanyukt, 1966. 18p. Narang, A.S. Movement for the Punjabi speaking state. In Indu Banga, Ed. Five Punjabi centuries: Polity, economy, society and culture, 1500–1990. New Delhi: Manohar, 1997, pp. 243–56. Narang, A.S. The Punjabi Suba movement. In Harish K. Puri and Paramjit S. Judge, Eds. Social and political movements: Readings on Punjab. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2000, 291–307. Nayar, Chuni Lal. The Punjab problem. Amritsar: 1966. 8p. Nehru, Jawahar Lal. Why I oppose Punjabi Suba? Delhi: Samyukta Punjab Savraksha Samiti and Sarvideshak Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, n.d.

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Pettigrew, Joyce J.M. Inﬂuence of Sikhs in Punjabi Suba. Sikh Review, 31(356), Aug 1983, 44–52. Prem, S.P. R.S.S. policy on Punjabi Suba. New Delhi: Sampradayikba Virodhi Committee 1966. 16p. Puri, Balraj. Punjabi Suba and after. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 2: 125–38. Rajinder Kaur and Gopal Singh. Politics of Sikh homeland. In S.A.H. Haqqi, Ed. Democracy, pluralism and nation-building. Delhi: N.B.O. Publishers, 1984, pp. 295–324. Sahni, Balraj. A plea for understanding. In Jagjit Singh Anand, et al., Ed. Punjabi Suba: A symposium. Delhi: National Book Club, 1967, pp. 14–28. Sarhadi, Ajit Singh. Punjabi Suba: The story of the struggle. Delhi: U.C. Kapur & Sons, 1970. 529p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. The problem of Punjabi state. In Jagjit Singh Anand, et al., Ed. Punjabi Suba: A symposium. Delhi: National Book Club, 1967, pp. 29–36. Shiromani Akali Dal. A case for Punjabi-speaking state. Amritsar: The Dal, n.d. 20p. Shiromani Akali Dal. Facts about Punjabi Suba. Amritsar: The Dal, 1965. Shiromani Akali Dal. Memorandum on Punjabi-speaking state submitted to the States Reorganization Commission in 1956. Amritsar: The Dal, 1956. Shiromani Akali Dal. Punjabi Suba. Amritsar: Panthic Tract Society, n.d. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. Memorandum submitted to the Consultative Committee of Parliament on the issue of Punjabi Suba. Amritsar: 1965. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. Punjab Suba demand. Amritsar: SGPC, 1966. 29p. Sikh Case: Presented by nationalist Sikhs to the Das Commission, 1962. Sikh Youth Federation (Calcutta). The demand for Punjabi Suba: A most crucial challenge to Indian secularism. Calcutta: The Federation, 1960. 55p. Swarup Singh. Sikhs demand their homeland. Lahore: Sikh University Press, 1946. 83p. Vedalankar, Kshitish. Punjab Suba. In his Storm in Punjab. New Delhi: The World Publishing, 1985, pp. 111–28.

7. Sikh Politics Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The concept of polity in Sikh religion (The idea of State in Sikhism). Panjab Past and Present, 23(1), Apr 1989, 65–68. Ahluwalia, M.L. A history of Sikh politics and Gurdwara reforms. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1990. 492p. Amrik Singh, Ed. Punjab in Indian politics: Issues and trends. Delhi: Ajanta, 1985. 479p. Amarjeet Kaur. The nascent Sikh politics 1919–1921. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1992. 847p. Amarjit Kaur, et al. Punjab story. New Delhi: Roli Books, 1984. 199p. Attar Singh. How the Congress sowed seeds of Sikh alienation? Sikh Review, 34(386), May 1986, 28–30. Bajwa, H.S. Fifty years in Punjab politics, 1920–1970. Chandigarh: Modern 1979. 104p. Bakshi, S.R. Political organization of the Sikhs. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 1: 60–77. Banga, Indu. The crisis of Sikh politics (1940–1947). In Joseph T. O’Connell et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990, pp. 233– 55. Barrier, N. Gerald. The Punjab government and communal politics, 1870–1908. Journal of Asian Studies, 27(3), May, 1968, 523–39. Barrier, N. Gerald. Early 20th century visions of Sikh religion and politics. Sikh Review, 49(8), Aug 2001, 31–39. Barrier, N. Gerald. Punjab politics and the disturbances of 1907. Ph.D. Thesis. Duke University, 1966. 382p. Barrier, N. Gerald. Sikh politics and religion. In Indu Banga, Ed. Five Punjabi centuries: Polity, economy, society and culture, 1500–1990. New Delhi: Manohar, 1997, pp. 140–56. Barrier, N. Gerald. Sikh politics in Punjab prior to the Gurdwara reform movement. In. Joseph T. O’Connell et al., Ed. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990, 159–90. Bhagat Singh. Sikh polity in 18th and 19th centuries. New Delhi: Oriental Publishers, 1978. 379p. Bhatia, Gurbux Singh. First Sikh government: Its objective and methods. Sikh Review, 19(207), Feb 1971, 28–31. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. Political ideology of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2000. 435. Bhullar, P.S. A political history of the Sikhs. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1991, 16–17. Bhupinder Singh. Impact of the 1947 assembly elections on the political development of Punjab. Punjab Journal of Politics, 25(2), 2001, 163–71.

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Bhupinder Singh. Raj Karega Khalsa: Understanding the Sikh theory of religion and politics. Journal of Religious Studies, 26(1–2), 1995, 99–113. Bombwall, K.R. Nation, state and ethno-nationalism: A role on the Akalis demand for a self determined political status for Sikhs. Punjab Journal of Politics, 7(2), Jul–Dec 1983, 166–83. Chadha, G.S. Role of religion and politics in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(5), 12 Oct, 1987, 38. Cheema, Amrita. Punjabi politics (1909–23), Ph.D. Thesis. Oxford University, 1988. Chhina, Sharnbir and Joginder Singh. Hira Singh Dard and the Sikh politics (1887–1965). Punjab History Conference Proceedings 23rd session, 1989, 224–29. Chopra, Surendra. Religion and politics in Punjab. South Asian Studies (Jaipur), 25(1–2), Jan–Dec 1990, 120–34. Cronin, Richard P. Crisis in India-Pakistan relations: The Sikh factor. Defence Journal (Karachi), 13(1–2), 1987, 6–21. Darshan Singh. Relationship between religion and politics: The Sikh perspective. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Co-existence in pluralistic society: Punjab issues and prospects. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1991, pp. 75–83. Das, Veena. Time, self, and community: Features of the Sikh militant discourse. Contributions to Indian Sociology (Delhi), 26(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 245–59. Deol, Gurdev Singh. The Indo-Chinese conﬂict of 1962 & the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 38(12), Dec 1990, 44–48. Devinderjit Singh. Sikhs, arms, and terrorism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Sikh Society, 1986. 54p. Dharam Pal. Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and the Sikh politics. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 271–77. Dharam Singh, Ed. Sikhism and secularism: Essays in honour of Professor Harbans Singh. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 1994. 345p. Dhillon, Amandeep. A study of the politics of three stalwart Punjabi leaders in the 1920s. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 386–94. Dhillon, G.S. Religion and politics: The Sikh perspective. Chandigarh: Singh & Singh Publishers, 1989. 56p. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh politics in the later half of the 19th century. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(2), Aug 1979, 93–107. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh politics in the Punjab (1900–1910). Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 97–105. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh politics in the Punjab (1910–1920). Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Feb 1976, 67–78. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh polity. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 328–48. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Evolution of the demand for a Sikh homeland. Indian Journal of Political Science, 35(4), Oct–Dec 1974, 363–73.

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Dietrich, Angela. Dharam Yudh: Fundamentalist ramiﬁcations of Sikh autonomy demands in the Punjab. International Quarterly for Asian Studies (Munchen), 15(3–4), Nov 1984, 195–218. Fauja Singh. Political ideas of the Sikh during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Panjab Past and Present, 10(2), Oct 1976, 271–95. Gill, P.P.S. Religious means and political ends: Sikhs failed to evolve a consensus. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 2(2), Jul–Dec 2000. Gobinder Singh. Classes, class struggle and politics in Punjab. In T.R. Sharma, Ed. New challenges of politics in Indian States. New Delhi: Uppal, 1986, pp. 117–32. Gobinder Singh. Punjab accord and Punjab problem: A study of relevance. In Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987, pp. 327–. Gobinder Singh. Religion and politics in the Punjab. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publication, 1986. 342p. Gopal Singh. Communal organizations in Punjab. In Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987, pp. 198–229. Gopal Singh. Politics of Sikh homeland, 1940–1990. New Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1994. 324p. Gopal Singh. Religion and politics: Sikh politics in the times of the Gurus and the other Sikh leaders. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(1), Jun 1980, 13–15. Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab: Past, present and future. Delhi: Ajanta, 1994. 411p. Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987. 400p. Gopal Singh and Rajinder Kaur. Politics of Sikh homeland. In K.S. Saxena and Anil Gupta, Eds. Indian democracy: recent trends & issues. Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1985, pp. 62–96. Gunbir Singh. New dimension in Sikh polity. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 63–65. Gurbachan Singh and Lal Singh (Gyani). The idea of the Sikh state. Lahore: Lahore Book Shop, 1946. 48p. Gurbhagat Singh. Politics of cultural assertion. In Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987, pp. 180–86. Gurbux Singh. First Sikh government: Its objectives and methods. Sikh Review, 24(272), Aug 1976, 9–12. Gurnam Singh. Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and his relevance in Sikh politics. New Delhi: HarAnand Publications, 1999. 244p. Gurmukh Singh. A study of socio-economic factors for the demand of state autonomy in India with special reference to the CPI(M), the Shiromani Akali Dal and the DMK. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Gurtej Singh. Tandav of the centaur: Sikhs and Indian secularism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996. 222p. Hans, Surjit. Phenomenology of communalism. Punjab Journal of Politics, 9(1), Jan–Jun 1986, 113–22. Hans, Surjit. Politics before and after the annexation of the Punjab. Punjab Journal of Politics, 9(1), Jan–Jun 1985, 49–66.

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Kehar Singh. Sikh political values. In Gurnam Kaur, Ed. Sikh value system and social change. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995, pp. 1–14. Kehar Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Sikh polity. New Delhi: Dawn Publishers, 1993. 279p. Khanna, B.S. Third general elections in the Punjab. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 2: 129–42. Kharak Singh. Sikhism and temporal authority. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(1), Jan–Jun 1993, 36–47. Khawaja, Sarfraz Hussain. Sikhs of the Punjab 1900–1915: A study of confrontation and political mobilization. Ph.D. Thesis. Columbia: University of Missouri, 1980. 234p. Khory, Kavita Rusi. Separatism in South Asia: The politics of ethnic conﬂict and regional security (Sikhs, Tamils, Sindhis, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991. 305p. Khushwant Singh. A new charter for Punjab. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 2: 473–76. Kirpal Singh. The cabinet mission and the Sikhs. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, March 1995, 199–205. Kirpal Singh. Partition of Punjab and the Sikhs. In Amrik Singh, Ed. The partition in retrospect. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2000, pp. 145–58. Krishan Gopal. Sikh politics (1947–57 A.D). Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Mar 1996, 246–57. Kumar, Ram Narayan. The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: Politics, personalities, and historical retrospective. Delhi: Ajanta, 1997. 445p. Lakhwinder Singh. A study of caste and politics in Punjab from 1966 to 1992. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Maini, Darshan Singh. Political style of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 36(413), May 1988, 37–43. Major, Andrew. From moderates to secessionists: A who’s who of the Punjab crisis (in politics in the Punjab). Paciﬁc Affairs, 60(1), Spr 1987, 42–58 Malhotra, S.L. Gandhi: An experiment with communal politics, a study of Gandhi’s role in Punjab politics (1922–31). Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1975. 248p. Malhotra, S.L. Study of the non-cooperation movement in the Punjab and its impact on Punjab politics. Punjab Journal of Politics, 7(2), Jul–Dec 1983, 93–98. Mann, Gurpreet Singh. Print media and the Sikh politics (1900–1947): A case study of the Tribune. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1989. 354p. Mehta, Hemgiri. Election manifestos 1971: Akali Dal, B.K.D., C.P.I., D.M.K., Jan Sangh, P.S.P., S.S.P., Swantatra, and statistics of last general elections and bye-elections. Bombay: Awake India Publications, 1971. Mirza, Sarfaraz Hussain. The Sikh question: From constitutional demands to armed conﬂict. Lahore: Centre for South Asian Studies, 1985. 358p. Mitra, Ashok. Punjab waiting for a great reconciliation. Sikh Review, 37(9), Sep 1989, 44–47. Mohinder Pal Singh. Role of religion in politics: The Sikh perspective. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1998. 138p.

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Rajinder Kaur. Politics of Sikh homeland. Ph.D. Thesis. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh University, 1990. Rajinder Kaur and Gopal Singh. Politics of Sikh homeland. In S.A.H. Ed. Democracy, pluralism and nation-building. Delhi: N.B.O. Publishers’ Distributors, 1984, pp 295–324. Ralhan, O.P. and Suresh K. Sharma. Sikh politics, 1919–1926. Vol. 6, part1 of Documents on Punjab. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. 418p. Ralhan, O.P. and Suresh K. Sharma. Sikh politics, 1927–1947. Vol. 6, part 2 of Documents on Punjab. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. 419–668p. Ralhan, O.P. and Suresh K. Sharma. Sikh politics, Guru-ka-Bagh Morcha . Vol. 7 of Documents on Punjab. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. 504p. Ram Narayan Kumar. The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: Politics, personalities and historical retrospective. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1997. 445p. Ram Singh. Why Sikhs have lost faith in the government? Sikh Review, 38(11), Nov 1990, 40–46. Ranjit Singh. Politics of religion. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 51–54. Religion and politics in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 36(26), 9 Mar 1987, 8. Riar-Bal, Sukhmani. Sikhs in Punjab politics, 1940–1947. New Delhi: Gyan Publications, 2004. Sagar, S.S. Santokh Singh’s political ideas in Nanak Parkash. Punjab Journal of Politics, 12(1), Jan–June 1988, 63–74. Sahni, M.S. Sikh politics, 1927–47. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. Sahota, Dharam Singh and Sohan Singh Sahota. Sikh struggle for autonomy, 1940–1992. Garhdiwala, Hoshiarpur: Guru Nanak Study Centre, 1993. 175p. Sandhu, Davender Pal. Sikhs in Indian politics: A study of a minority. Ph.D. Thesis. Simla: Himachal Pradesh University, 1991. Sangat Singh. Political development of Sikhs search for identity. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 263–80. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), Annual Number 1983, 27–29. Sarabjit Kaur. Struggle of supremacy in Sikh politics. Journal of Regional History, 4, 1996, 97–104. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Mar 1996, 203–210. Sharma, D.P. The Punjab story: Decade of turmoil. New Delhi: APH Publishing, 1995. 366p. Sharma, S.C. Question of Sikh representation in J & K Assembly. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 368–75. Sharma, S.L. Student politics in the Punjab: Socio regional dimensions. Punjab Journal of Politics, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1981, 51–57. Sharma, T.R. Nuances of Sikh politics: A historical-contextual perspective. Aust Jnl Polit Hist, 31(3)1985, 460–73. Shashi Bala. Religion and politics: The Sikh perspective. Journal of Dharma, 25(3–4), Jul–Dec 2000, 281–93. Sher Singh. Sikhism and politics. Ludhiana: Chardi Kala Publishers, n.d. 56p.

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7.1. Akal Takht Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sri Akal Takhat: Its doctrinal and historical perspective. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 79–83. Also in Sikh Review, 29(33), Jun 1981, 56–59. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sri Akal Takht (religious and temporal sovereignty in Sikhism). In his The doctrine and dynamics of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh and H.S. Dilgeer, Eds. Sri Akal Takht: A symbol of divine sovereignty. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1994. 184p. Barrier, N. Gerald. Authority, politics, and contemporary Sikhism: The Akal Takhat, the SGPC, Rahit Maryada and the law. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikhism and history. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. Danewalia, Bhagwan Singh. The Akal Takht Jathedar: Context and controversy. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 56–59. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Religio-political institution of the Akal Takht: Its emergence, nature and impact. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 61–73. Dhillon, G.S. Akal Takht and Sikh heritage. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 210–26. Dhillon, G.S. Akal Takht: Its doctrinal signiﬁcance. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 75–83. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Punjabi Book Company, 1980. 112p. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Akal Takht Sahib. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1995. 135p. Duggal. K.S. Akal Takht and other seats of Sikh polity. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1995. 163p. Gill, D.S. Akal Takht: Its historic role. Sikh Review, 39(6), Jun 1991, 11–14. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Akal Takht. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 56–60. Jagir Singh. Akal Takht. Sis Ganj, 27(8), Aug 1987, 9–17. Jaspal Singh. Sikh institutions Akal Takht: A study in its socio-spiritual political background. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(2), Jul–Dec 1995, 75–81. Joginder Singh. Akal Takhat and the Sikh petitioners: A matter of serious concern. Spokesman Weekly, May 2003, 25–28, 49–50. Nayyar, G.S. Origin and importance of Akal Takhat. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 138–39. Rai, Jasdev Singh. Sovereignty of the Akal Takht. Sikh Review, 49(10), Oct 2001, 13–17. Shamsher Singh. Akal Takht: Symbol of Sikh sovereignty. Sikh Review, 42(6), Jun 1994, 8–13. Sidhu, Sarjit Singh. Authority of the Akal Takht. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 60–62. Singh, I.J. Akal Takht Jathedar: A view from America. Sikh Review, 51(7), July 2003, 4–6. Singh, I.J. Moral authority of Sri Akal Takht. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 6–7. Singh, I.J. Towards self governance: Akal Takht. Sikh Review, 49(10), Oct 2001.

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7.2. Central Sikh League Bal, Sukhmani. The Central Sikh League and the non-cooperation movement. Punjab History Conference Proceeding, 15th session, 1981, 323–32. Bal, Sukhmani. Character of the leadership of the Central Sikh League 1919–1928. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 246–56. Bal, Sukhmani. Foundation of the central Sikh league. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999. Bal, Sukhmani. Genesis of the Central Sikh League. Indian History Congress Proceedings, Delhi, 46th session, 1985, 535–47. Bal, Sukhmani. Politics of the Central Sikh League. Delhi: Books N’ Books, 1990. 208p. Bal, Sukhmani. Politics of the Central Sikh League (1919–1929): Critical review. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 131–39. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 323–44. Kartar Singh. Presidential address at the Sikh Political Conference held under the auspices of the Central Sikh league on 3rd June 1932 at Tarn Taran Sahib. Amritsar: Central Sikh League, 1932. 18p. Riar-Bal, Sukhmani. Nehru report creates a crisis in the Central Sikh League. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 97–104. Tuteja, K.L. Central Sikh League. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 424–46. Tuteja, K.L. The Congress in Punjab: A study of the Congress-Central Sikh League relations, 1919–29. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(1), Jan–Jun 1986, 25–41. Also in Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 424–38.

7.3. Akali Dal Ajit Singh. Shiromani Akali Dal in Panjab: A study of the dynamics of its organization, ideology, strategy and support base since independence. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1993. Akali Dal election manifes to: 1978–80 Lok Sabha poll. Amritsar: Shiromani Akali Dal, 1979. 10p. Amar Singh. Memorandum of the Central Akali Dal. Lahore: Westend Press, 1946. Amarjit Kaur. Akali Dal: The enemy within. In Punjab story. New Delhi: Roli Books, 1984, pp. 14–28.

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Bains, Harcharan. Role of Akalis in Punjab politics. Spokesman Weekly, 37(17), 18 Jan 1988, 6–7. Bakshi, S.R. Akali Dal. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 5: 1–5. Bhatia, V.P. Communist hand in Akali separation. Organiser, 35(11), 31 Jul 1983, 13. Bombwall, K.R. The nation, state and ethno-nationalism: A note on the Akali demand for a self determined political state for Sikhs. Seminar, Jan 1982, 26–28. Bombwall, K.R. Sikh identity, Akali Dal and federal polity. Economic & Political Weekly, 21(20), 1986, 888–90. Brar, J.S. Sikh separatism in the Punjab: A study of the political strategies of the Akali Dal since independence. In T.R. Sharma, Ed. New challenges of politics in Indian states. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1986, pp. 93–108. Chatterjee, Chhanda. The Akalis and the partition of Punjab, 1920–1947. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 234–42. Chima, Jugdep S. The Punjab Crisis: Governmental centralization and Akali-Center relations. Asian Survey, 34(10), Oct 1994, 847–62. Dang, Satyapal. Akalis: Where’s the persecution? Link, 25(28), 20 Feb, 1983, 34. Dang, Satyapal. Class basis of Akali demands. Mainstream, 21(30), 26 Mar 1980, 15–18. Darbara Singh. Present Akali Dal morcha. Spokesman Weekly, 22(2), 13 Sep 1982, 4. Devinder Singh. Akali politics in Punjab, 1964–1985. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993. 259p. Dhami, M.S. Minority leader’s image of the Indian political system: An exploratory study of the attitudes of Akali leaders. New Delhi: Sterling, 1975. 80p. Dhami, M.S. Sikh identity and federal polity: A critique of Akali position. In Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987, pp. 156–66. Dhillon, G.S. The role of Akali Dal during the emergency. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(2), Aug 1987, 97–108. Dilgir, Harjinder Singh. Amritsar and Shiromani Akali Dal. Panjab Past and Present, 17(2), Oct 1983, 404–06. Dilgir, Harjinder Singh. Shiromani Akali Dal. Chandigarh: Rachna Prakashan, 1980. Dilgir, Harjinder Singh. Shiromani Akali Dal: 1920–2000. Leige, Belgium: Sikh University Centre, 2000. 575p. Fauja Singh. Akali and the Indian National Congress (1920–1947). Panjab Past and Present, 15(2), Oct 1981, 453–70. Gopal Singh. Factional politics in Akali-Dal. Political Science Review (Jaipur), 29(1–4), Jan– Dec 1990, 52–. Gopal Singh. Factional politics in Akali Dal and the Sikh homeland. Punjab Journal of Politics, 14(1–2), 1990, 47–63. Grewal, J.S. Akalis: A short history. Chandigarh: Punjab Studies Publications, 1996. 232p. Gulati, K.C. The Akali, past and present. Delhi: Ashajanak Publications, 1974. 259p.

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Narang, A.S. Elections and the Shiromani Akali Dal: A socio-psychological approach. Punjab Journal of Politics, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1981, 19–31. Narang, A.S. Storm over the Sutlej: The Akali politics. New Delhi: Gitanjali Publishing House, 1983. 261p. Narang, Surjit Singh. Elections and the Shiromani Akali Dal: A socio-psychological approach. Punjab Journal of Politics, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1981, 19–31. Narang, Surjit Singh. Factionalized Akali politics: Silence of ecclesiastical dimensions. Punjab Journal of Politics, 23(1), 1999, 1–28. Nazer Singh. The Akalis and Golden Temple in diplomacy and historiography. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, March 1997, 91–92. Pradeep Kumar. Akali Dal in Punjab. In S. Bhatnagar and Pradeep Kumar, Eds. Regional political parties in India. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1988, pp. 107–129. Pritam Singh. Akali agitation: Growing separatist trend. Economic and Political Weekly, 19(5), 4 Feb 1984, 195–96. Pritam Singh. Current Akali politics: Some trends. Secular Democracy, 11(9), Oct 1982, 46. Puri, Harish K. The Akali agitation: An analysis of socio-economic basis of protest. Economic and Political Weekly, 18(4), 22 Jan 1983, 113–18. Puri, Harish K. Akali Dal and the state autonomy issue. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 14th session, 1980, 250–64. Puri, Harish K. Akali Dal’s state autonomy demand: A case study. In S.A.H. Haqqi, Ed. Democracy, pluralism and nation-building. Delhi: N.B.O. Publishers, 1984, pp. 252–79. Puri, Harish K. Akali politics: emerging compulsions. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 2: 442–57. Raghbir Singh. Akali struggle for separate electoral representation for Sikhs. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1993, 118–31. Raghbir Singh. Akalis and the Congress (1926–1947). Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), Jan–Jun 1996, 108–117. Raghbir Singh. Akalis, Congress and communal award. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 75–85. Ralhan, O.P., Ed. Shiromani Akali Dal. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 359p. Sareen, Rajendra. Akali Dal and S.G.P.C. poll. The Tribune, 25 Nov 1985. Sharma, J.M. Akali politics: A rejoinder. Mainstream, 21(15), 11 Dec 1982, 81. Sharma, T.R. Diffusion and accommodation: The contending strategies of the congress party and the Akali Dal in Punjab. Paciﬁc Affairs, 59(4), Win, 1986–1987, 634–54. Shaukin Singh. Akali Dal prepares for show of strength. Link, 9 Feb 1986, 14–15. Smith, V.W. Akali Dal and Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Simla: Superintendent, Government Printing, 1922. Sukhdev Singh. Akali politics and Tribune (1936–46). M.Phil. Thesis. Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985.

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Thapar, K.S. Akali communalism: Genesis and implications. Mainstream, 21(24), 12 Feb 1982, 15–19. Thakural, Gobind. Akali Dal: Barnala’s bid. India Today, 9(11), 15 Jun 1986, 40. Verma, P.S. Akali Dal: History, electoral performance and leadership proﬁle. In Gopal Singh, Ed. Punjab today. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1987, pp. 257–83. Vohra, R.N. The Akali Dal and the national movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 335–40.

7.4. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) Akali Dal and Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1921–22. Panjab Past and Present, 1(2), Oct 1967, 252–310. Attar Singh. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee and politicisation of the Sikhs. In Joseph T. O’Connell et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1988, pp. 226–32. Bawa, Ujagar Singh. Gurdwaras and the SGPC. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 38–39. Bhanwar, Harbir Singh. Tohra triumphant in SGPC poll. Forum Gazette, 1(14), 20 Dec, 1986, 11. Brar, Gurjinder Singh. SGPC: The principle & practice. Sikh Review, 45(1), Jan 1997, 50–54. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Putting religion for the sale: The SGPC election. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 70–74. Deshpande, Anjali. Amrita Pritam and SGPC. Mainstream, 21(39), 28 May, 1983, 6. Dhillon, Gurdrashan Singh. Truth about Punjab: SGPC white paper. Amritsar: SGPC, 1996. 451p. Gandhi, S.S. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee and congress. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 252–70. Gobinder Singh. Pressure group politics in Punjab: The case of the SGPC. In Paul Wallace and Surendra Chopra, Eds. Political dynamics and crisis in Punjab. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988, pp. 135–58. Gobinder Singh. Proﬁles of the SGPC members: A study in socio-economic background. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 454–66. Kapur Singh. They massacre Sikhs: A white paper by the Sikh Religious Parliament (Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee). Amritsar: The Committee, 1978. 21p. Kashmir Singh. SGPC in the twenty ﬁrst century. In Harchand Singh Bedi, Ed. Sikhs in the new century. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 2001, pp. 198–205. Mohinder Singh. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee: Its origin and development. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 139–53. Nahar Singh, Ed. Documents relating to arrest and conviction of sixty-two members of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandhak Committee on 7th January, 1924. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1982. 52p. Narang, Surjit Singh. SGPC elections: The ecclesiastical aspect of Akali politics. Punjab Journal of Politics, 20(1–2), 1996, 143–56.

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Narinderjit Singh. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 9–13. Sarhadi, Ajit Singh. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandak Committee In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 114–18. SGPC elections. Spokesman Weekly, 36(12), 24 Nov, 1986, 3. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. All for law and order. Amritsar: SGPC, 1922. 16p. Suri, Surinder Singh. A study of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee elections, March 31, 1979: A preliminary report. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. 10p. Suri, Surinder Singh and Surinder Dogra. A study of the SGPC elections March 1979. Punjab Journal of Politics, 5(1), Jan–June 1981, 114–24. Tavleen Singh. SGPC: Centre stage. India Today, 31 Dec, 1986, 43. Tuteja, K.L. The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandak Committee and the ﬁrst non-cooperation movement, 1920–22. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 245–52.

7.5. Chief Khalsa Diwan Barrier, N. Gerald. Chief Khalsa Diwan and Sikh politics in the early twentieth century. Paper represented at the Conference on Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century. Dept of South Asian Studies, University of Toronto, Feb 1987. Barrier, N. Gerald. Competing visions of Sikh religion and politics: The Chief Khalsa Diwan and the Panch Khalsa Diwan, 1902–1928. South Asia, 23(2), 2000, 33–62. Bhatia, Shyamala. Sikh identity consciousness and consolidation: Role of Chief Khalsa Diwan. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 30th session, 1998, 109–115. Charanjit Kaur. Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1902–1947. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988. Dharam Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 461–65. Joginder Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: A study of its representative character. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 54–59. Also in Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 108–13. Narang, Surjeet Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: An analytical study of its perceptions. In Paul Wallace and Surendra Chopra, Eds. Political dynamics and crisis in Punjab. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988, pp. 70–86. Narang, Surjeet Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: A study of its ideology, leadership and strategy. Journal of Sikh Studies, 12(1), Feb 1985, 97–108. Narang, Surjit Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: A study of leadership, ideology and political strategy. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989. 257p. Narang, Surjeet Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: A study of its perceptions. In Verinder Grover, Ed. The story of Punjab: Yesterday and today. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publisher, 1995. Vol. 1: 542–54. Narang, Surjeet Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan: A study of socio-religious organization. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 102–17.

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Narotam Singh. Chief Khalsa Diwan in the ﬁeld of education. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 118–29. Sarabjit Kaur. The politics of Chief Khalsa Diwan in historical perspective: A study of Majithia papers (1925–1937). Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Suba Singh. The educational committee, Chief Khalsa Diwan. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 14–17.

7.6. Khalistan Movement Anand, Balwant Singh. Khalistan: A critical appraisal. Spokesman Weekly, 30(50), 10 Aug, 1981, 6–7. Aurora, J.S. Even if Khalistan comes about, the Sikhs will be the losers. Illustrated Weekly of India, 105, Jul 22–28, 1984, 50–53. Baba Amte. Not even one percent of the Sikhs want Khalistan. Sikh Review, 34(389), Aug 1986, 56–58. Baweja, Harinder. Destination ‘Khalistan’. Sunday Observer, 21 Dec, 1986. Bhatia, Prem. Khalistan in Britain. The Tribune, 31 Aug, 1984. Bhutani, D.H. The third Sikh war: Towards or away from Khalistan? New Delhi: Promila, 1986. 137p. Birth pangs of Khalistan. Bangalore: Dalit Sahitya Akademy, 1985. 38p. Chawla, G.S. Khalistan: A conspiracy hatched in America. Illustrated Weekly of India, 102, Oct 25–31 1981, 26–29. Chohan, Sandeep and Ron A. Geaves. The religious dimension in the struggle for Khalistan and its roots in Sikh history. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 8(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 79–96. Darbara Singh. Sikh nation and Sikh homeland. Spokesman Weekly, 30(40), 1 Jun, 1981, 8. Devdutt. Khalistan: Myth and reality. In K.S. Saxena and Anil Gupta, Eds. Indian democracy: Recent trends & issues. Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1985, pp. 43–61. Dhillon, G.S. Why the Sikhs demand a homeland? Illustrated Weekly of India, 103, (39), 31 Oct 1982, 12–13. Genesis of the demand for Khalistan. Sikh Review, 31(336), Dec 1981, 18–21. Goyal, O.P. Demand for Khalistan seeds for secession or pressure-tactics for better accommodation. In Tarun Chandra Bose, Ed. Indian federalism: Problems and issues. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi, 1987, pp. 227–34. Grewal, J.S. and Indu Banga. Pakistan, Khalistan and partition. In Amrik Singh, Ed. The partition in retrospect. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2000, pp. 159–77. Gupte, Pranay. Give us Khalistan and then leave us in peace. Illustrated Weekly of India, 106, Jul 21–27 1985, 24–25. How the British founded Khalistan? Sunday, 16–22 Feb 1986, 355–57. Kapur, Rajiv A. ‘Khalistan’: India’s Punjab problem. Third World Quarterly (London), 9(4), Oct 1987, 1206–1224.

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Keeply-Mahmood, Cynthia. Playing the game of love: Passion and martyrdom among Khalistani Sikhs. In Catherine Bestman, Ed. Violence: A reader. New York: New York University Press, 2002. Khanna, H.R. Demand for a Sikhistan: A plea for reason and sanity. Spokesman Weekly, 24 Oct 1987. Lal, Ramji. Khalistan: A dilemma of the Akali politics (1940–47). Kurukshetra University Research Journal: Arts and Humanities, 22, 1988, 141–49. Masood, Maqsood Ahmed and Peter Stockdale. The Khalistan riddle. Islamabad: Modern Book Depot, 1988. 204p. McLeod, W.H. Sikh fundamentalism. Jnl American Oriental Soc, 118(1), 15–27. Muthuswamy, M. Khalistan: The politics of religion in Punjab. Administrator (Mussorie), 28(1), Jan–Mar 1983, 129–38. Nayar, Kuldip. The demand for Khalistan is largely a matter of rhetoric. Telegraphic, 22 Aug, 1987. Nayar, Kuldip. Khalistan is a non-issue. Sunday, 14(24), 3–9 May, 1987, 9. Oberoi, Harjot. From Punjab to Khalistan. Paciﬁc Affairs, 60(1), Spr 1987, 26–41. Partap Singh. Khalistan: The only solution. West Hills, CA: The author, 1991. 222p. Patil, V.S. Khalistan: A threat to the Indian nationalism. In K.S. Saxena and Anil Gupta, Eds. Indian democracy: Recent trends & issues. Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1985, pp. 30–42. Peabody, N. Fighting for faith and nation: Dialogues with Sikh militants. American Ethnology, 27(1), 2000, 169–78. Pevalin, David James. Sikhism from paciﬁsm to militancy: The demand for Khalistan and other links to modern terrorism. M.A. Thesis. University of Leicester, 1995. 80p. Purewal, Shinder. The declaration of Khalistan. In his Sikh Ethno nationalism and the political economy of Punjab. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. Puri, Harish K. and Paramjit S. Judge. The Khalistan movement. In Harish K. Puri and Paramjit S. Judge, Eds. Social and political movements: Readings on Punjab. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2000, pp. 378–98. Puri, Rajinder. Makers of Khalistan. Spokesman Weekly, 37(33), 16 May, 1988, 5. Raghavan, A. With ‘Khalistanis’ going berserk: Hindus ultras itch to hit back. Blitz, 14 June, 1988, 9. Raina, Asoka. Khalistan: A house divided. Illustrated Weekly of India, 105, Aug 5–11, 1984, 22–23. Rajeshwara Rao, C. New stage in Punjab and need to foil game of Khalistanis. New Age, 35(37), 13 Sep, 1987, 3. Rathore, L.S. The problem of Khalistan. In S.A.H. Haqqi, Ed. Democracy, pluralism and nationbuilding. Delhi: N.B.O. Publishers, 1984, pp. 280–94. Riar, Sukhmani. Asking for Khalistan: March 1940 to August 1947. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Mar 1996, 211–16.

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Riar, Sukhmani. Khalistan: The origins of the demand. In Pritam Singh and Shinder S. Thandi, Eds. Globalisation and the region: Explorations in Punjabi society. Coventry, UK: Association for Punjab Studies, 1996, pp. 233–44. Satinder Singh. Khalistan: The politics of passion. The Hindustan Times, 4 Oct, 1981. Satinder Singh. Khalistan: An academic analysis. Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1982. 184p. Sikhs use violence to obtain Khalistan. Int Jnl World Peace, 4(2), 1987,158–59. Surjeet, Harkishan Singh. Khalistan has now become a reality. Illustrated Weekly of India, 105, Jul 29–Aug 4, 1984, 28–31. Surjit Singh. Khalistan: An academic study. Sikh Review, 32(370), Oct 1984, 52–57. Vedalankar, Kshitish. Akalis and Khalistan In his Storm in Punjab. New Delhi: The World Publishing, 1985, pp. 77–86. Wahal, S.M. Are all Sikhs “Khalistan” sympathizers? Carvan, (II), Dec 1986, 39–44. Why Khalistan? Warley: Guru Nanak Gurdwara, 1984. 32p. Yaeger, C.H. Sikh terrorism in the struggle for Khalistan. Terrorism, 14(4), Oct–Dec 1991, 221–31. Zulaika, J. Fighting for faith and nation: Dialogues with Sikh militants. Jnl Roy Anthropol Inst, 6(1), 2000, 166–67.

8. Sikh Leaders Ahuja, D.R. Sardar Baghel Singh held sway over Delhi. Sikh Review, 29(332), Aug 1981, 57–63. Bains, Z.S. Sardar Swaran Singh. Illustrated Weekly of India, 95(11), May 12, 1974, 13–15. Bakshi, S.R., et al., Eds. Parkash Singh Badal: Chief Minister of Punjab. New Delhi: APH Publishing, 1998. 243p. Balbir Singh. Thakur Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(2), Oct 1981 7–10. Barnala, Surjit Singh. Story of an escape. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1996. 164p. Chima, Jugdep Singh. Sikh political leadership and the trajectory of the Sikh separatist movement in Punjab-India (1978–1997). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Missouri—Columbia, 2002. 985p. Chopra, P.N. Partap Singh Kairon: Builder of modern Punjab. In Mohinder Singh. Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 280–87. Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. 95p. Darbara Singh. Sardar Hukam Singh: Bold and intrepid, humble and unostentatious, polite and helpful. Spokesman Weekly, 32(40), 6 Jun 1983, 5. Deol, G.S. Sunder Singh Majithia. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 101–102. Deol, G.S. Sunder Singh Majithia: Life, work & mission. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 1992. 224p. Dhillon, Gurdrashan Singh. Transgression of Sikhism by contemporary Sikh leadership. Paper presented at the ‘International Conference on Sikh Studies’ (Surrey, BC, Canada), May 2000. Dhillon, Mohinder Singh. A titan on the Andamans, Dr. Diwan Singh Kalepani: A biography. Chandigarh: Angad Publishers, 1994. 484p. Durlab Singh. Sikh leadership. Delhi: Sikh Literature Distributors, 1950. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia: A daring and intrepid Sikh general of 18th century. Sikh Review, 3(415), Jul 1988, 28–31. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Great Sikh hero of 18th century: Sultan-ul-quam Jassa Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 33(9), Oct, 1983, 6–7. Gulcharan Singh. Majithia: Desa Singh Majithia. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(2), Sep 1983, 15–18. Gurdarshan Singh. Crisis in Sikh leadership. Sikh Review, 47(4), Apr 1999, 54–. Gurdev Singh. Panthic leadership and moral values. Sikh Review, 48(3), Mar 2000. Gurdial Singh. Sardar Thakur Singh Sindhanwalia. Panjab Past and Present, 2, Oct 1968, 354–65. Gurdip Singh. Inadequacy of Sikh leadership. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Jan–Mar 2003, 62–66. Gurmukh Nihal Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981.

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Gurmukh Singh (Major). Sardar Hukam Singh (1895–1983). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 292–94. Hira, Bhagat Singh. Bhai Jagta Sahib: A biographic sketch. Goniana Mandi, Bathinda. 1986. 118p. Hukam Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Inder Singh. Sikh leadership: Confusion, chaos and crisis. Spokesman Weekly, 38(1), 10 Oct, 1988, 27–30. Iqbal Singh. Gurdial Singh Dhillon (1915–1992). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 140–41. Iqbal Singh. Sikh leadership. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), Annual Number 1980, 81–82. Iqbal Singh, N. Dr. Diwan Singh Kalepani. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1996. 98p. Jaswant Singh. Panthic leadership. Sikh Courier, 42(92), Aut–Win 2001, 41–43. Jhabal, Bhai Aridman Singh. Partition of Punjab: Role of Sikh leadership. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(2), 2003, 115–36. Jiwan Jit Singh. Panthic leadership: Future patter suggested. Sikh Review, 48(12), Dec 2000, 50–53. Joginder Singh. Image of Fateh Singh Ahluwalia as depicted by Ram Sukh Rao. Panjab Past and Present, 17(2), Oct 1983, 270–80. Joginder Singh. Sikh leadership: Early 20th century. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1999. 352p. Joshi Chand. Bhindranwale: Myth and reality. New Delhi: Vikas, 1984. 168p. Justice Teja Singh. In Darbara Singh Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Re-inventing Sikh leadership. Sikh Review, 48(8), Aug 2000, 43–51. Kapur, Rajiv A. Crises in Sikh leadership. Sikh Review, 19(216), Nov 1971, 31–37. Kapur Singh. Darshan Singh Pheruman: Martyr of the Sikh homeland. Sikh Review, 47(9), Sept 1999, 59–62. Khushdeva Singh. Sikh leadership. Sikh Courier, 31(72), Aut–Win 1991, 32–34. Kirpal Singh. Lehna Singh Majithia: A glorious life. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 9 Sept, 1986. Kohli, Mohinder Pal. Gyani Dit Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(2), Sep 1983, 19–20. MacMmunn, George F. History of the Sikh pioneers. London: Sampson Low, 1935. 360p. Madan Gopal. Dyal Singh Majithia. New Delhi: Publications Division—Government of India, 1994. 147p. Madan Gopal, Ed. Brahmo Samaj and Dyal Singh Majithia. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1998. 169p. Malik Hardit Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Nair, Lajpat Rai and Prem Nath Kirpal. Dyal Singh Majithia: A short biographical sketch. New Delhi: 1954. 112p.

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Narayan Singh. Jathedar Bhai Kartar Singh Jhabbar: Life and times. Amritsar: SGPC, 2001. 121p. Pardaman Singh and J.S. Dhanki. Sardar Ajit Singh: A life sketch. Sikh Review, 29(332), Aug 1981, 26–30. Partap Singh. Sardar Hukum Singh. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 103–106. Partap Singh. Sardar Hukam Singh: Biography. New Delhi: Partap Singh, 1989. 150p. Partap Singh. Sardar Hukum Singh: He lived what he said. Spokesman Weekly, 32(40), 6 June, 1983, 8–9. Patwant Singh. The crisis of Sikh leadership. Sikh Review, 42(1), Jan 1994, 40–48. Paul, Parveen. A glimpse of social background of Sikh political leaders of the eighteenth century. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 14th session, 1980, 143–45. Puri, Nina. Sardar Dyal Singh Majithia 1849–1898. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, Mar 1981, 242–48. Rajinder Kaur. Proﬁle and patterns of Sikh leadership and the issue of Sikh identity. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, March 1994, 305–316. Rekhi, Gurnam Singh. Sir Sundar Singh Majithia and his relevance in Sikh politics. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1999. 244p. Rekhi, Ravinder Singh. Evolution from personal to collective leadership of the Sikhs during the Guru period. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 210–13. Sandhu, Ranbir Singh. Struggle for Justice: Speeches and Conversations of Sant Jarnail Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale. Dublin, Ohio: Sikh Educational & Religious Foundation, 1999. 503p. Sara, Iqbal. Sardar Harbakhsh Singh: Punjab Sikh personalities. Journal of Sikh Studies, 17, 1990–92, 63–82. Saran Singh. Gurcharan Singh Tohra: An obituary. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Shiv Naubh Singh. Life and times of Sardar Sewa Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(3), Jan 1985, 30–33. Shiv Naubh Singh. Sardar Tarlochan Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 9(1), Jul 1984, 14–18. Singh, H.P. Partition and Sikh leadership. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Jan–Mar 2000, 43–50. Sir Sundar Singh Majithia. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Sewa Singh Thikriwala: A brief sketch of his life and work. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1971. 31p. Tarlochan Singh. A proﬁle of Sikh leadership. Spokesman Weekly, 35(17), 23 Dec 1985, 5. Tarlochan Singh. Proﬁle of Sikh leadership: Past and present. Sikh Review, 34(387), Mar 1986, 51–54. Trilochan Singh. Our leader today: Maharaja Yadvindra Singh of Patiala. Panthic Durbar Singh, 1948. 48p. Ujjal Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Ved Prakash. Sardar Narain Singh: A trusted ofﬁcer of Dewan Mulraj. Panjab Past and Present, 12(2), Oct 1978, 334–58.

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Verma, Devinder Kumar. Sardar Fateh Singh Ahluwalia. Panjab Past and Present, 17(2), Oct 1983, 261–69. Virk, Kulwant Singh. Giani Kartar Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 2: 452–54.

8.1. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Ahluwalia, Amarjit Singh. A great Sikh General: Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Spokesman Weekly, 30(36), 4 May, 1981, 8. Ahluwalia, M.L. Life & times of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Patiala: Punjabi University Publication Bureau, n.d. Ahuja, N.D. Baba Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 47–48. Bhag Singh. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Sikh Review, 35(401), May 1987, 29–32. Brahma Singh. Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia: A pioneer Sikh-nation-builder. Spokesman Weekly, 33(8), 24 Oct, 1983, 5–6. Dua, J.C. British historiography, eighteenth century Punjab: Their understanding of the Sikh struggle for power and role of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992. 182 p. Dua, J.C. Sir Lepel Henry Grifﬁn on Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and his place in the eighteenth century Punjab history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 111–18. Ganda Singh. Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1990. 229p. Ganda Singh. Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 355–57. Madanjit Kaur. Personality, motivation and achievements of Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia with special reference to his contributions to the Golden Temple. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(1), Feb 1997, 71–84. Prem, Gajinder Singh. Achievements of Baba Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 173–84. Walia, Jagjiwan Mohan. Baba Jassa Singh Ahluwalia: The great crusader against foreign yoke. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 129–33.

8.2. Kapur Singh Ajit Singh. Guru ka Lal (Kapur Singh). Sikh Review, 23(254–255), Feb–Mar 1975, 11–13. Bhagat Singh. Nawab Kapur Singh: A great organizer. Sikh Review, 35(403), Jul 1987, 8–14. Bhagat Singh. Nawab Kapur Singh: Eighteenth century Sikh leader. Spokesman Weekly, 36(14), Annual Number, 1986. Gupta, Hari Ram. Nawab Kapur Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 428–30. Harbans Singh. Nawab Kapur Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 81–87. Also in Sikh Review, 27(309), Sep 1979, 54–59.

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Harbans Singh. Nawab Kapur Singh: Founder of Sikh sovereignty in the Punjab. Sikh Review, 36(413), May 1988, 19–25. Rattan Pal Singh. Homage to Bhai Sahib Sardar Kapur Singh. Sikh Review, 25(398), Feb 1987, 29–30. Trilochan Singh. Kapur Singh, philosopher and scholar: Beacon light of Sikh doctrines and polity. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1988. 45p. Tripat Kaur. Rare distinction for S. Kapur Singh. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 5–8.

8.3. Baba Kharak Singh Amandeep. Baba Kharak Singh and Sikh politics. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(1), Feb 1996, 45–60. Baba Kharak Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Dharam Singh. Baba Kharak Singh: ‘Betaj Badshah’. Sikh Review, 40(9), Sept 1992, 36–39. Dhillon, Amandeep. A comparative study of the Lala Lajpat Rai, Baba Kharak Singh and Saif-ud-Din Kitchlew. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1987. Dhillon, Amandeep. Politics of Baba Kharak Singh and others. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988. Jaswinder Singh. Baba Kharak Singh and the freedom movement. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1984. Mohinder Singh. Baba Kharak Singh: Uncrowned king of the Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 26(61), Spr–Sum 1986, 18–20. Mohinder Singh. Baba Kharak Singh and India’s struggle for freedom. New Delhi: National Institute of Punjab Studies, 1993. 108p. Mookerji, Radha Kumud. Baba Kharak Singh Abhinandan Granth: 86th Birthday Commemoration Volume. New Delhi: Baba Kharak Singh Abhinandan Committee, 1953. 247p. Roopinder Singh. Baba Kharak Singh. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 24–25. Santokh Singh. Baba Kharak Singh: An exemplary patriot, Pandit Nehru presenting a “Shield of Honour” (made of Gun metal) to Baba Karak Singh on his 84th birthday on 10th June, 1951. 1953. 9p.

8.4. Master Tara Singh Bhullar, Rajwant Kaur. Master Tara Singh and struggle for Sikh representation, 1920–47. Panjab Past and Present, 24(1), Apr 1990, 125–30. Brar, J.S. Master Tara Singh and the demand for Sikh homeland. Panjab Past and Present, 21(2), Oct 1987, 363–71. Brief introduction to the Sikhs: Their history, religion and leader Master Tara Singh. No imprint. 20p. Darshan Singh. Master Tara Singh’s contribution to Punjabi literature. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 91–98.

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Dhillon, Rajwant Kaur. Demand for Pakistan: Role of Master Tara Singh. Sikh Review, 37(10), Oct 1989, 32–37. Dhillon, Rajwant Kaur. Master Tara Singh and the Indian National Congress, 1920–47. Panjab Past and Present, 21(2), Oct 1987, 343–54. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Master Tara Singh. Amritsar: SGPC, 1999. Durlab Singh. The valiant ﬁghter: A biographical study of Master Tara Singh. Lahore: Hero Publications, 1942. 174p. Grover, Verinder. Master Tara Singh. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1995. 534p. Grover, Verinder. Political thinkers of modern India. Vol. 28: Master Tara Singh. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1993. 543p. Grover, Verinder, Ed. Master Tara Singh: A biography of his vision and ideas. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1998. 546p. Gurmeet Singh. Valiant ﬁghter: Master Tara Singh. Sikh Review, 21(233), Apr 1973, 15–17. Harbans Singh. Early life of Master Tara Singh: An autobiography. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 40–42. Jatinder Kaur. Sikh identity consciousness: Master Tara Singh’ s contribution. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988. Kahol, Om Prakash. Master Tara Singh: The born rebel. Spokesman Weekly, 35(43), 23 Jun, 1986, 6. Kanwarjit Singh. Master Tara Singh and Punjab politics: A study of political leadership. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1978. 338p. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Master Tara Singh: A biographical sketch. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 99–130. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Partition of Punjab and the legacy of Master Tara Singh. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 29–34. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. The role of Master Tara Singh. In Amrik Singh, Ed. The partition in retrospect. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2000, pp. 60–73. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Tara Singh and partition of Punjab 1947. Punjab Journal of Politics, 19(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 99–130. Kapur Singh. The Sikh situation after the death of Master Tara Singh: A paper. Chandigarh: N.S. Dhillon, 1967.19p. Kirpal Singh. Master Tara Singh and partition of Punjab 1947. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 45–50. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(14), Annual Number, 1986. Master Tara Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981. Master Tara Singh. In Yusuf Meherally. Leaders of India. Bombay, Padma Publications, 1942– 1946. 2 Vols. Minhas, Surjit Singh. Master Tara Singh: A born ﬁghter. Sikh Review, 16(179), Jun 1968, 14–16. Mohan Singh. Master Tara Singh: A unique nationalist and patriot. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut– Win 1985, 51–53.

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Mohinder Singh. Sardar-I-Azam Master Tara Singh ji: Life of Master Tara Singh. Amritsar: Panthic Tract Society, 1950. Nayar, Baldev Raj. Master Tara Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 312–14. Ranbir Singh. Decline of Master Tara Singh’s dominance in Sikh politics. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 57–64. Ranbir Singh. Emergence of Master Tara Singh as the supreme leader of the Sikhs. Panjab Past and Present, 21(1), Apr 1987, 190–97. Sarhadi, Ajit Singh. Master Tara Singh and Sikh identity. Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 1–8. Tej, Mohinder Singh. Master Tara Singh and development of Sikh politics (1925–27). Punjab Journal of Politics, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1986, 65–90. Thaur, B.S. Interpid—Master Tara Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Apr–Jun 2002, 97–98. Walia, Jaspreet. Cabinet mission: Reaction and response of Master Tara Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 32nd session, 2000, 206–212. Walia, Jaspreet. Views of Master Tara Singh on Nehru report. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 31st session, Mar 1999, 188–93. Walia, Jatinder Singh. Sikh identity consciousness: Master Tara Singh contribution. M.Phil. Dissertation. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1986.

8.5. Sant Fateh Singh Anand, Jagjit Singh. Sant Fateh Singh on the Suba. In his Punjabi Suba: A Symposium. New Delhi: National Book Club, 1966. 171p. The clash of personalities: Sant Fateh Singh and Gurnam Singh. In Kuldip Kaur. Akali Dal in Punjab politics: Splits and mergers. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. Ghai, Charan Dass. God’s man: A biography of Sant Fateh Singh. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1969. 114p. Gulcharan Singh. Fateh Singh Kalianwala. Sikh Review, 18(190), May 1969, 29–31. Harbir Singh. Sant Fateh Singh’s role in the creation of Punjabi Suba. In Verinder Grover, Ed. Political system in India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1989. Vol. 4: 715–36. Harbir Singh. Sant Fateh Singh’s role in the creation of Punjabi Suba: A study in charismatic leadership. Indian Political Science Review (Delhi), 8(2), Jul 1974, 151–69. Jitinder Kaur. Sant Fateh Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 25–27. Sant Fateh Singh. In Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1981.

8.6. Sant Harchand Singh Longowal Amrik Singh. Sant Longowal: A remembrance. Forum Gazette. 2(16), 20 Aug–5 Sep, 1987, 8–. Bhatia, Prem. Man of peace from Longowal. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 20 Aug, 1986.

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Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Sant Harchand Singh Launogoval. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 226–27. Gujral, I.K. Remembering Sant Harchand Singh. Sikh Review, 34(395), Nov 1986, 47–50. Harminder Kaur. A free man after all: Sant Longowal. Illustrated Weekly of India, 105 Apr 7–13 1985, 20–21. Jain, Harish. Shahadat (on Sant Longowal). Jullundur: Lokgeet Prakashan, 1985. 176p. Kalia, D.R. Sant Harchand Singh Longowal (1932–1985): A martyr for peace. Jallandhar: New Age Publications, 1985. 107p. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Legacy of Longowal: An appraisal. Sikh Review, 49(7), Jul 2001, 56–57. Kishwar, Madhu. We appeal to honest people to come and see for themselves: An interview with Sant Longowal. Manushi (New Delhi), 5(6), Sep–Oct 1985, 14–17. Kottary, Sailesh. With Sant Longowal’s death, terrorism moves centre-stage. Illustrated Weekly of India, 106, Sep 8–14 1985, 6–9. Malik, Harji. Sant Longowal: Some recollections. Economic & Political Weekly, 20(35), 1985, 1470. Martyred saint (Sant Longowal). Panchbati Sandesh, 8(2), Oct 1985, 3. Maini, Darshan Singh. On Longowal: A tryst with tragedy. The Tribune, 2 Jan, 1986. Minhas, Surjit Singh. Apostle of peace: Sant Harchand Singh Longowal. Sikh Review, 34(393), Sep 1986, 49–50. Murthi, R.K. Sant Harchand Singh Longowal. In his Historic assassinations. Delhi: Konark, 1991. Raminder Singh and Gobind Thukral. Harchand Singh: A symbol of peace. India Today, 10(17), 1–15 Sep, 1985, 28–29. Tir, Gurnam Singh. Sant Harchand Singh Longowal: An epitome of sacriﬁce and courage. Sikh Review, 36(19), Aug 1987, 5–.

8.7. Giani Zail Singh Ahluwalia, B.K. and Shashi Ahluwalia. Our President Giani Zail Singh. New Delhi: Harnam Publications, 1982. 121p. Ahuja, M.L. Indian Presidency and the successive Presidents. New Delhi: Icon Publications, 2002. 230p. Bakshi, S.R. Giani Zail Singh: Role in freedom movement. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. 340p. Bhatia, Sardar Singh. Giani Zail Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 454–58. Bhattacharya, Vivek Ranjan. President Zail Singh: A proﬁle of dedication. New Delhi: Metropolitan, 1984. 245p. Dhillon, Kulbir Singh. Giani Zail Singh’s role in the Praja Mandal movement in Faridkot state. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 290–94.

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Gargi, Balwant. Giani Zail Singh. Illustrated Weekly of India, 94(5), Feb 4, 1973, 48–51. Giani Zail Singh. In Current biography yearbook. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1987. Vol. 48: 515–19. Giani Zail Singh. A life of sacriﬁce and suffering. Spokesman Weekly, 31(44), 19 July, 1982, 8. Giani Zail Singh. A master tactician. In Prem Bhatia: Witness to history. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1997. Grewal, Kulbir Singh. Giani Zail Singh: The ﬁrst Sikh president of India. Spokesman Weekly, 31(45), 26 Jul, 1982, 8–. Gurmukh Singh. Giani Zail Singh: The ﬁrst Sikh President of India. Sikh Courier, 36(82), Aut–Win 1996, 35–36. Handa, R.L. State of the Nation: Presidential addresses to Parliament from Rajendra Prasad to Giani Zail Singh. Mumbai: Sterling Book House, 1989. 336p. Joginder Singh, Ed. President Giani Zail Singh. Chandigarh: Sunder, 1982. 112p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Giani Zail Singh: A biography. Jalandhar: Gaurav Publishing House, 1984. 253p. Limaye, Madhu. President vs. Prime Minister. Mumbai: Janata Party, 1987. 82p. Memoirs of Giani Zail Singh: The seventh president of India. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1997. 317p. Nandy, Pritish. The President (Giani Zail Singh) speaks. Illustrated Weekly of India, 108, Mar 22–28, 1987, 8–17. Nandy, Pritish and Rajat Sharma. Giani Zail Singh reveals: The untold story. Illustrated Weekly of India, 109, Mar 20–26 1988, 8–17. Ram Parkash. Giani Zail Singh: Life and work. New Delhi: Panchsheel Publishers, 1984. 203p. Soni, Sat. From mud house to Rashtrapati Bhawan. Delhi: ISSD, 1982. 140p. Speeches of President Giani Zail Singh. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1987. Vol. 1.

8.8. Dr. Manmohan Singh Ahluwalia, Isher Judge and I.M.D. Little, Eds. India’s economic reforms and development: Essays for Manmohan Singh. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998. 404p. Aiyar, S. Sonia’s choice, nations’ pride: Manmohan Singh—a brilliant bureaucrat’s journey to the highest seat of power. The Week. May 30, 2004, 41–. Arjun Singh. Manmohan is the best we could do. India Today, June 15–21, 2004, 18–19. Chawla, Pabhu. Sonia’s choice (Manmohan Singh as Prime Minister). India Today, May 25–31, 2004, 10–15. Creator of the great Indian middle class, Manmohan Singh: A proﬁle. The Tribune (Chandigarh), May 20, 2004. The country is in safe hands of Dr. Manmohan Singh. Indian Express (New Delhi), May 20, 2004.

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Haniffa, Aziz. India’s economic independence will materialise under Manmohan Singh. India Abroad (Chicago), June 11, 2004, 22–23. Mahajan, V.S. Manmohan’s India and other current writings. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1994. 333p. Manisha. Proﬁles of Indian Prime Ministers: Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru to Dr. Manmohan Singh. New Delhi: Mittal Publishers, 2004. 448p. Manmohan Singh. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2002. Vol. 15: 4614. Manmohan Singh. Liberator of Indian economy. Hindustan Times, May 18, 2004. Manmohan Singh named next Indian Prime Minister. China Daily, May 20, 2004. Manmohan Singh. He ventures where angels fear to tread. Deccan Herald (Bangalore), May 20, 2004. Manmohan Singh. What can he do? India Today, June 7, 2004, 20–22. Mishra, Ravish and Vivek Garg. Manmohanomics: Journey to South Block: Life of an Indian Prime Minister. New Delhi: Manas Publications, 2004. 256p. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The Free Press Journal, May 20, 2004. Srinivas, Alam. The ascent of man (Manmohan Singh). Outlook—The Weekly Newsmagazine, May 31, 2004, 44–46. Venkateswaran, R.J. Reforming Indian economy: The Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh era. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1996. 134p.

9. Sikh Art & Architecture Ahmad, Khalid Anis. Mural decoration under the Sikhs. M.A. Thesis. Lahore: Panjab University, n.d., 38p. Aijazuddin, F.S. Lahore: Illustrated views of the 19th century. Karachi: Vanguard Books, 1991. 176p. Aijazuddin, F.S. Pahari paintings and Sikh portraits in the Lahore museum. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1977. 101p. Aijazuddin, F.S. Sikh portraits by European artists. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1979. 154p. Alag, Sarup Singh. The Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 2(2), Jul–Dec 2000. Albanese, Marilia. The Golden temple at Amritsar: Heart of Sikhism. In his Architecture in India. Delhi: Om Book Services, 2000. Amrit Kaur Singh and Rabindra Kaur Singh. Twin perspectives: Paintings. (United Kingdom): Twin Studio, 1999. 95p. Anand, Mulk Raj. Heritage of the Punjab. Marg, 10(2), March 1957. Anand, Mulk Raj. Painting and prayer: A note on hieratic pictorial art under the Sikhs. Marg, 30(3), Jun 1977, 44–45. Anand, Mulk Raj. Paintings under the Sikhs. Marg, 7(2), 1954, 23–31. Anand, Mulk Raj. Specimens of paintings under the Sikhs. Marg, 10(1–2), March 1957. Anand, Mulk Raj, Ed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh as patron of the arts. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1981. 138p. Archer, W.G. Paintings of the Sikhs. London: HMSO, 1966. 284p. Archer, W.G. Indian paintings from the Punjab hills. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1973. 2 vols. Archer, W.G. The world of the Punjab Hills: Pahari miniatures at the British Museum. Apollo (London), May 1975, 392–93. Arshi, Pardeep Singh. Sikh architecture in Punjab. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1986. 164p. Arshi, Pardeep Singh. The Golden temple: History, art, and architecture. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1989. 142p. Arshi, Pardeep Singh. Sources of the design of the Golden Temple, Amritsar. In Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 37–42. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms: Exhibition guide. London: Victoria & Albert Museum, 1999. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Art in America, 87(8), Aug 1999, 32, 1/9p. Also in Oriental Art, 45 (2), Sum 1999, 102–103. Aryan, K.C. Folk paintings (of the Sikhs). Marg, 30, June 1977, 64–65. Aryan, K.C. The pool of nectar (Golden temple). Marg, 30(3), June 1977.

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Aryan, K.C. Punjab murals. New Delhi: Rekha Prakashan, 1977. 122p. Aryan, K.C. Punjab paintings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 119p. Aryan, K.C. Some Punjabi artists. Roop-Lekha, 39(1), 1971. Bains, K.S. Sikh heritage in paintings. New Delhi: Perfect Press, 1995. 143p. Bajpai, Rajendra. The Sikh contribution to Indian painting. Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 37–43. Banerji, Amiya. Amritsar: The sanctuary of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, Aug 1960. Bedi, K.S. and S.S. Bal, Eds. Essays on history, literature, art and culture. New Delhi: Atma Ram, 1970. 264p. Behal, Sarbjot Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s contribution to Sikh architectural heritage: The environs of Rambagh, Amritsar. In Surindar Pal Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabra, Ed. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 94–112. Bhan Singh. The art of Golden Temple. Advance, 11(3), Jul–Sept 1964. Bharadia, Seema. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms: The Canadian collections. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 2000. 61p. Bhatia, Gautam. Punjab baroque and other memories of architecture. New Delhi: Penguin, 1994. 265p. Bhatti, Balwant Singh. Ram Singh: The inventor of Sikh architecture. In Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 1–3. Bhatti, S.S. Elegant art of Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, Mar 1978, 231–33. Bhatti, S.S. An outline of Sikh architecture. In Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 21–20. Bhatti, S.S. Sobha Singh (1901–1986). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 222–23. Brown, Kerry, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999. 217p. California’s Asian Art Museum launches Sikh art gallery. Sikh Review, 51(7), Jul 2003, 63–64. Candler, Edmond. Golden Temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar. Balckwood Magazine, 186, Sept 1884. Chaturvedi, P. The cultural heritage of the Sikhs. Missionary, Dec 1960. Chopra, Ashok. A date with artist Sobha Singh. Illustrated Weekly of India (Bombay), 102, Apr 19–25 1981, 47. Chopra, S.N. The Surya in art and practice in ancient Panjab. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 19(2), Oct 1988, 179–90. Cladstream, W. Industrial art works in the Punjab. Journal of Indian Art, 15(119), 1972. Cole, H.H. Preservation of national monuments, India: Golden Temple at Amritsar. Lahore, 1884. Collections of Sikh art. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 202–203.

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Contemporary artists in Punjab. Chandigarh: Punjab Lalit Kala Akademi, 1981. 50p. Cox, Alison and Amarjit Singh. Walsall Museum and Art Gallery and the Sikh community: A case study. In Eileen Hooper-Greenhill, Ed. Cultural diversity: Developing Museum audiences in Britain. London: Leicester University, 1997. Crill, Rosemary. Textiles in the Punjab. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 114–33. Culture and kingdom of the Sikhs: Fine art poster book. Palo Alto, CA: Sikh Foundation, 1999. The cultural heritage of the Sikhs. British Heritage, 20(4), Jun–Jul 1999, 12, 5/6p, 1c. Dalip Singh. Khalsa heritage of Sikh art in Gurdwaras. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(4), Oct–Dec 2003, 100–103. Daljeet. The Sikh heritage: A search for totality. New Delhi: Prakash Book Depot, 2004. 164p. Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987. 92p. Del Bonta, Robert J. Guru Nanak in narrative art. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 52–71. Deol, Jeevan Singh. Illustration and illumination in Sikh scriptural manuscripts. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Also in Marg, 54(4), June 2003, 30–47. Dewey, Clive. Paintings from the ‘House of Wonders’: Pahari paintings and Sikh portraits in the Lahore Museum, by F.S. Aijazuddin (review article). Modern Asian Studies (London), 14(3), Jul 1980, 501–509. Dhami, Sonia. Landscaping the welcome gates at Anandpur Sahib. Nishaan, 2, 2002, 45–47. Dhamija, Jasleen. Indian folk arts and crafts. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1971. 115p. Dhillon, D.S. Kangra school of art and the Sikh paintings. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, Dec 1983, 129–32. Dhillon, D.S. Origin and growth of Sikh architecture. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, Dec 1983, 128. Edwardes, Michael. Indian temples and palaces. Fatham, N.Y: Hamlyn, 1969. 191p. Fauja Singh. A study of the paintings of Guru Nanak. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, Mar 1969, 122–59. Gagandeep Singh. Sikh shrines architecture. B.Arch. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, n.d. 93p. Ganda Singh. Sikh historical monuments and need of their preservation. Khalsa Review, June 1923. Gargi, Balwant. Sobha Singh. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed.: Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 13–24. Gauba, A. The art of painting in Amritsar and artists up to 1947. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 9th session, April 1976, 260–61. Gell, Simeran. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms exhibition. Anthropology Today, 15 (3) June 1999, 15–. Ghuman, Kapur Singh. A survey book of Dera Baba Nanak. Patiala, 1969.

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Gill, Harjeet Singh. An essay on the art and philosophy of courage, voluptuous celebration, and demythologizing incision. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1975. 46p + 54 plates. Gill, Harjeet Singh. A phulkari from Bhatinda. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1977. 44p. Gill, Harjeet Singh. Folk art of the Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. 46p. Gill, Pritam Singh. Heritage of Sikh culture: Society, morality, art. Jullundur: New Academic Publications, 1975. 240p. Gill, S. S. Some notes on Sikh Gurdwara architecture. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 85–88. Goswamy, B.N. The changing face of things: Little known Sikh portraits from Patiala. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Goswamy, B.N. The context of painting in the Sikh Punjab. Journal of Regional History, 2, 1981, 85–105. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 24(3), Jan 2002, 7–31. Goswamy, B.N. Continuing traditions in the later Sikh kingdoms. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 164–79. Goswamy, B.N. Matter of taste: Some notes on the context of painting in Sikh Punjab. Marg, Oct 1987, 45–72. Goswamy, B.N. On ‘Tibeti’ paintings from the Punjab hills. In M.S. Nagaraja Rao, Ed. Kusumanjali: New interpretation of Indian art and culture. Delhi: Agamkala Prakashan, 1987. Vol. 2: 401–405. Goswamy, B.N. Pahari painting: The family as the basis of style. Marg, 21(4), 1968, 17–62. Goswamy, B.N. Painters at the Sikh court: A study based on twenty documents. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1975. 146p. Goswamy, B.N. Painting in the Punjab. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 92–113. Goswamy, B.N. Painting at the Patiala. Pushpanjali (Bombay), 4, 1980, 56–60. Goswamy, B.N. Piety and splendor: Sikh heritage in art. New Delhi: National Museum, 2000. 251p. Goswamy, B.N. Sikh paintings: An analysis of some aspects of patronage. Oriental Art, 15(1), 1969, 44–50. Goswamy, K. Frescoes in the Shish Mahal, Patiala. Roop-Lekha, 38(1–2), 1972, 120–27. Gupta, S. Phulkari work in the Punjab. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 569–74. Gurmukh Singh. Sikh architecture. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 131–33. Handa, Devendra. Relics of art from Marhanwala. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 20(2), Oct 1989, 165–169 + plates. Hans, S.S. Sikh paintings. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 14th session, Mar 1980, 105–108. Harbans Singh. The heritage of the Golden Temple. Amritsar: SGPC, 1977. 32p. 4th Ed. Hardgrave, Robert L. An early portrayal of the Sikhs: Two eighteenth century etchings by Baltazard Solvyns. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 3(2), Jul–Dec 1996, 213–28.

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Harika, Gurdial Singh. Glimpses of Fatehgarh Sahib. Amritsar, n.d. Hitkari, S.S. Phulkari: The folk art of Punjab. New Delhi: Phulkari Publications, 1980. 142p. Homage to Amritsar. Marg, 30(3), 1977, 1–74. Inch, Peter. Warm and rich and fearless: An exhibition of Sikh art. Arts Review, 43, Apr 1991, 185–86. Jagannathan, M. Sobha Singh: A painter of poetry in colour. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Jasvinder Kaur. Art of Sikh kingdom: Textiles treasure. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 51–52. Johal, Simmi. Sikh paintings as social and historical documents. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Art and architecture of Panjab. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Panjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 271–79. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Art and architecture of the Golden Temple. Nishaan, 1, 2002, 26–29. Also in Marg, 30, 1977. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Gurdwara Baba Atal. Marg, 30, 1977. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh as a patron of art and literature. Sikh Review, 28(320), Aug–Sep 1980, 112–14. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s interest in the art of paintings. In Surindarpal Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabra, Eds. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 126–34. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 87–93. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Mural paintings in the nineteenth century Punjab. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1978. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Punjab art and culture. Delhi: Atma Ram & Sons, 1988. 206p. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Some observations of European travelers on wall paintings during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(1), Feb 1982, 74–83. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Survival of wall paintings in Amritsar. Marg, 30, Jun 1977, 46–56. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Wall paintings of Punjab and Haryana. Delhi: Atma Ram & Sons, 1985. 193p. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Wall paintings under the Sikhs. In Mulk Raj Anand, Ed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as patron of the arts. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1981. Also in Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 29–37. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh. Wood carving. In Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as patron of the arts. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1981. Kang, Kanwarjit Singh and Nirmal Sandhu. Punjab murals. Chandigarh: Public Relations Department, Punjab, 1978. 16p. + plates. Kanwal, Balbir Singh. The spirit of Sobha Singh’s art. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 72–73. Kapany, Narinder Singh. Sikh art in the 20th century. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 44–47. Kavita Singh. Allegories of good kingship: Wall paintings in the Qila Mubarak at Patiala. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003.

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Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. 148p. Kessar, Urmi. Twentieth-century Sikh paintings: The presence of the past. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Khanna, Amar Nath. Pilgrim shrines of India: Mythology, archaeology, history and art (Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Christian & Suﬁ). New Delhi: Aryan Books International, 2003. 248p. Khanna, P.C. The Rambagh: The splendour it was. In S.P. Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabar, Eds. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 113–25. Khokhar, Kulwant Singh. Sobha Singh artist. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995. 91p. Khushwant Singh, et al. Warm and rich and fearless: A brief survey of Sikh culture—a catalogue produced to accompany the exhibition of Sikh art, Cartwright Hall (9 March—2 June 1991). Bradford: Bradford Art Galleries and Museums, 1991. 100p. Kulwant Singh. Sobha Singh: Painter of the Sikh lore. Sikh Review, 45(9), Sept 1997, 56–59. Kulwant Singh. Sobha Singh’s philosophy of art. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed.: Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 77–82. Larson, Soren. World’s tallest tower, Sikh center among India’s newest ambitions. Architectural Record, 188(1), Jan 1999, 48, 1/2p, 2c. Launois, Anne-Colombe. The Khalsa heritage complex: A museum for a community. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Leigh, Bobbie. Passage from India (Sikh art). Art & Antiques, 23(9), Oct 2000, 58–60. Madanjit Kaur. Art and architecture of the Golden Temple. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, Dec 1983, 72–79. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 17(20), Oct 1983, 325–34. Madanjit Kaur. Golden Temple: Past and present. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 276p. Madanjit Kaur. Personality, motivation and achievement of Sardar Sobha Singh. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed.: Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 3–12. Madanjit Kaur. Sri Harimandir Sahib. Marg, 30, 1977. Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987. 274p. Mahmud, Khalid. The Punjab Sikh school of painting. Art Asia, 14(1), 1984, 51–68. Mahmud, Khalid. Sikh frescoes at the Lahore Fort. Arts of Asia, 11, Sept/Oct 1981, 148–54. Malcolm, John. Sketch of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1986. 197 p. (1812). Malhans, Birinder Singh. Rediscovering the magic of Phulkari. Nishaan, 4, 2001, 48–60. Man Mohan Singh. Changing faces of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in portraiture. In Mulk Raj Anand, Ed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as patron of the arts. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1981. Marguerite, Allen. The Golden lotus of Amritsar. Calcutta, 1955.

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Maskiell, Michelle. Embroidering the past: Phulkari textiles and gendered work as “Tradition” and “Heritage” in colonial and contemporary Punjab. Journal of Asian Studies, 58(2), May 1999, 361–88. McLeod, W.H. Popular Sikh art. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. 139p. McLeod, W.H. The development of Sikh art. In his Popular Sikh art. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. McLeod, W.H. The emergence of Sikh art. In his Popular Sikh art. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. Melikian, Souren. Splendors of the Sikhs. Art & Auction, 21(18), June 1999, 30+. Melikian-Chirvani, A.S. Ranjit Singh and the image of the past. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 60–73. Mohan Singh. A contemporary painting of Jai Singh Kanhiya. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 3rd session, Mar 1968, 287–90. Mohan Singh. Patiala paintings. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Mar 1986, 176–79. Neeru Bharti. A study of art of Kirpal Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1993. 329p. Panjabi sketches. London: Marshall Brothers, 1899. 110p. Parihar, Subhash. Mughal monuments in the Punjab and Haryana. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1985. 64p. Parkash Singh. Golden temple, Amritsar: History, art and architecture. In 49th All Sikh Educational Conference Souvenir, Amritsar, 1968. Parkash Singh. The Golden Temple and its chequered history. Sikh Review, Feb 1964. Pashaura Singh. Sikh tradition in the pre-modern period. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Patel, Divia. Photography and the romance of the Punjab. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 192–207. Patwant Singh. Golden Temple. Hong Kong: ET Publishing, 1989. 172p. Paul, Suwarcha. Sikh miniatures in the Chandigarh Museum. Chandigarh: Government Museum and Art gallery, 1985. Phulan Rani. Sikh art and architecture. In Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 42–46. Prashar, A.S. Depicting Sikh history through stained glass. The Tribune (Chandigarh), June 22, 2004. Prince Arthur and Prince Alfred in the costume of Sikh princes, Osborne (Art Reproduction). Connoisseur, 217, March 1987, 74–. The Princess Bamba collection (antiquities of Sikh period). Karachi: Pakistan: Ministry of Education and Scientiﬁc Research, 1961. 17p. Punjab in pictures. Chandigarh: Punjab Government, 1962. Punjab: Paintings and murals. Chandigarh: Department of Tourism, 1977. 16p.

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Rai, Gurmeet and Kavita Singh. Brick by sacred brick: Architectural projects of Guru Arjan and Guru Hargobind. In Kavita Singh, Ed. New insights into Sikh art. Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2003. Rana, Yudhvir. Traditional Sikh art to adorn Akal Takht. Times of India, July 23, 2003, 8. Randhawa, M.S. Kangra artists. Roop-Lekha (New Delhi), 27(1), 1956, 4–10. Randhawa, M.S. Kangra paintings on love. New Delhi: National Museum, (1962). 209p. Randhawa, M.S. Kehar Singh and Kapur Singh: Two Punjabi artists of the 19th century. Chhavi (Banaras), 1, 1971, 67–69. Randhawa, M.S. Paintings of the Sikh Gurus. Roop-Lekha (New Delhi), 39(1), 1971, 13–20. Randhawa, M.S. Sikh painting. Roop-Lekha (New Delhi), 39(1), 1971, 21–32. Randhawa, M.S. Sobha Singh: Artist of unity. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 44–50. Randhawa, M.S. Tradition of Sikh paintings. In Ram Dhamija, Ed. Sixty years of writing on art & crafts in India. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988, pp. 120–23. Randhawa, T.S. The Sikhs: Images of a heritage. New Delhi: Prakash Books, 2000. 156p. Sethi, G.R. Golden Temple of Amritsar. Modern Review, Jan 1930. Shamsher Singh. Sobha Singh artist. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 25–32. Sher Singh, T. San Francisco’s new Kapany Gallery of Sikh arts. Nishaan, 3, 2003, 49–51. Sidhu, Gursharan Singh. From kings to Gurus: Early and court painting. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 29–51. Sikh Art gallery opens new vistas of creativity in USA. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 52–54. Sikh chieftains (litho after Soltykoff, 1842) (Art Reproduction). Marg, 34(1), 1982, 109–. Sinha, Gayatri. Arpana Caur: Confronting womanhood. Marg, 48(2), 1996, 54–65. Sodhi, Hazara Singh. A history and guide to the Golden Temple, Amritsar. Amritsar: Bazar Mai Sewa, 1938. 161p. Sohan Singh, G.S. Gian chitravali: Masterpieces of the late Bhai Gian Singh Naqqash, master of the Sikh school of art. Amritsar: The author, 1956. 56p. Sohan Singh, G.S. Revealing the art of G. S. Sohan Singh. Amritsar: The author, 1971. Sohan Singh, G.S. Traits of Sikh architecture and Sikh art. In Darshan Singh, Ed. The Sikh art and architecture. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1987, pp. 21–28. Srivastava, R.P. Art and archaeology of Punjab. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1991. 21p. Srivastava, R.P. Art and cultural heritage of Patiala. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1991. 173p. Srivastava, R.P. The art of sculpture in ancient Punjab. In K.K. Das Gupta et al., Eds. Sradhanjali, studies in ancient Indian history: D.C. Sircar commemoration volume. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1988, pp. 156–67. Srivastava, R.P. Guru Gobind Singh in Indian art. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 43–46. Srivastava, R.P. Kapur Singh: Nineteenth century ﬁgurative artist of Punjab. Sikh Review, 19(215), Oct 1971, 29–33.

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Srivastava, R.P. Punjab painting: Study in art and culture. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1983. 112p. Srivastava, R.P. Sikh painting or Sikh school of painting: A myth or realty. Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal (Hoshiarpur), 19(1–2), 1981, 288–94. Srivastava, Sanjee V. and R.P. Srivastava. Studies in Panjab sculpture. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing House, 2001. 104p. Stronge, Susan. The arts of the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 74–91. Stronge, Susan. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. New York: Weatherhill, 1999. 256p. Also by New Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999. Stronge, Susan. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms: Victoria & Albert Museum, London. World of Interiors, 19(4), April 1999, 170–1. Stronge, Susan. The Sikh treasury: The Sikh kingdom and the British Raj. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 72–88. Stronge, Susan and Hajra Shaikh. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 6(2), July–Dec 1999, 241–52. Surjit Singh. Art of Sobha Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1993. 278p. Swain, James B. Towards a study of the religious dimension of popular art in Batala. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 127–38. Tejinder Singh. Concepts of philosophy in Sobha Singh’s art. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 74–76. Temple, Richard Carnac. Legends of the Punjab. Patiala: Language Department, Punjab, 1988. 3 Vols. Thakur Singh, S.G. Fresco painting of the Golden Temple, Amritsar. Indian Art Souvenir, Amritsar, n.d. Vaid, Abhay. Sikh heritage centre, Anandpur Sahib. B.Arch. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1996. 60p. Vaidya, K.L. Sardar Sobha Singh: An artist in Kangra Valley. In Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Painter of the divine: Sobha Singh. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987, pp. 33–38. Verma, S.P. Sikh painting: An appraisal. In Himadri Banerjee, Ed. The Khalsa and the Punjab: Studies in Sikh history to the nineteenth century. New Delhi: Tulika, 2002, pp. 160–83. Virdi, Harbans Singh. Gainful glimpses of Sikh art at Lahore. The Tribune, Aug. 10, 2003. Walker, Henry. Golden temple, marble forum: Form and meaning in sacred architecture. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 89–116. Youso, Kristina. The arts of Sikh kingdoms. Arts of Asia, 30(3), May–June 2000, 104–112.

10. Sikh Coins (Numismatics) Becker, Bernd. An earlier coin of Banda Bahadur. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(2), Aug 1997, 39–41. Dane, Lance. Coinage of the Sikh empire. In Mulk Raj Anand, Ed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as patron of the arts. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1981. Goron, S. and K. Wiggins. The gold and silver coinage of the Sikhs. Reading: Oriental Numismatics Society, 1981–84. 4 Parts. Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal. Coins of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts (Chandigarh), 21(2), Oct 1990, 183–90. Gupta, Parmeshwari Lal and Sanjay Garg. The Coins of Dal Khalsa and Lahore Darbar in the Sheesh Mahal Museum, Patiala. Chandigarh: Department of Cultural Affairs, Archaeology and Museums, 1989. 184p. Handa, Devendra. Copper coins of Sher Singh. Oriental Numismatic Studies, 1, 1996, 193–98. Herrli, Hans. The coins of the Sikhs. Nagpur: Indian Coin Society, 1993. 255p. Khokhar, Masood ul-Hasan. Origin and development of Sikh coins. Pakistan Archaeology (Karachi), 23, 1987–1988, 263–68. Madanjit Kaur. Cultural signiﬁcance of the symbols on the coins of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Documentary evidence of his secularism. Panjab Past and Present, 22(1), Apr 1988, 22–39. Marco, Manohar Singh. Sikhs coins or numismatics. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 136–38. Rai Jasbir Singh. An analysis of the denominations of the Sikh coins. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), 2000, 89–102. Rai Jasbir Singh. Coins and their exchange relationship in Punjab (AD 1751–1850). In Amal Kumar Jha, Ed. Coinage, trade and economy. Nasik, Maharashtra: Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, 1991, pp. 225–29. Rai Jasbir Singh. Contribution of Sir Lepel Grifﬁn to the Sikh numismatics. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, Mar 1994, 141–42. Rai Jasbir Singh. Early English and Persian writings and the Sikh coinage. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, Mar 1994, 132–33. Rai Jasbir Singh. Frontier province and the Sikh coinage. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 33rd session, Mar 2001, 99–102. Rai Jasbir Singh. Foreign coins in the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Journal of Regional History, 2, 1994, 131–39. Rai Jasbir Singh. Late eighteenth century Punjab coins: A study of legends. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 90–93. Rai Jasbir Singh. Minting of coins under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sikh Review, 49(7), Jul 2001, 65–68.

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Rai Jasbir Singh. Persian writings and the Sikh coins under Ranjit Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 27(1), Apr 1993, 1–3. Rai Jasbir Singh. Sikh coins in the name of Mahmud Shah. (Molten mint): A study. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Mar 1996, 65–69. Rai Jasbir Singh. Sikh Misl coins and seals: A study of legends. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 129–31. Rai Jasbir Singh. Sikh Misl coins minted in Ganga Doab: A study. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, 58(1–2), 1996, 81–86. Rai Jasbir Singh. A study of a hoard of coins from Bir Raja Teja Singh, Distt. Amritsar and the polity of Mohd. Bin Sam. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 126–28. Rai Jasbir Singh. A symbolic study of Punjab coins under Ranjit Singh. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, 57(1–2), 1995, 124–25. Rai, Jyoti. The divine coinage of Sikhs. Nishaan, 2, 2001, 18–37. Rai, Jyoti. Rediscovering Sikh mints—Peshawar, Dera, and Rawalpindi. ONS Newsletter (Oriental Numismatic Society), 146, 1995, 10–12. Rai, Jyoti. Unidentiﬁed Sikh mints: Proof of the existence of the mint at Nimak. ONS Newsletter (Oriental Numismatic Society), 146, 1995, 13. Rodgers, Charles J. Coin collection in Northern India.1894. Surinder Singh. Coinage: Sovereignty to the Guru. In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Commemoration volume on bicentenary of his coronation 1801– 2001. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 69–94. Surinder Singh. Corrigendum on coins of the Sikhs by C.J. Hodges. Panjab Past and Present, 25(2), Oct 1991, 40–55. Surinder Singh. Chronological data on Sikh history (1469 to 1850 A.D.) with special reference to Sikh coinage. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 22(2), Oct 1991, 179–230. Surinder Singh. The earliest Sikh coin: Imprint of saga. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 33–39. Surinder Singh. Fallacy of Hari Singh Nalwa’s coins. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), Jan–Jun 1991, 28–47. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 24(2), Oct 1990, 354– 74. Surinder Singh. Hari Singh coinage from Kashmir. In Prithipal Singh Kapur, Ed. Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa. Jallandhar: ABS Publications, 1993, pp. 27–39. Surinder Singh. Initial Sikh coinage. Journal of Regional History, 3, 1995, 21–40. Also in Oriental Numismatic Studies, 1, 1996, 172–91; and Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), Jan–Jun 1996, 128–51. Surinder Singh. The legends on Sikh coins. In Devendra Handa, Ed. Numismatics studies. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1991. Vol. 1: 133–56. Surinder Singh. The most controversial Sikh coin. Panjab Past and Present, 26(1), Apr 1992, 70–80. Also in Devendra Handa, Ed. Numismatics studies. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1991.Vol. 2: 143–54. Surinder Singh. Nomenclature of Sikh coinage. In Devendra Handa, Ed. Numismatics studies. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1991.Vol. 3: 109–114. Also in Punjab History Conference

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Proceedings, 26th session, Mar 1994, 133–40; and Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1993, 138–46. Surinder Singh. Patiala state mint and the Nazarana coins. Panjab Past and Present, 24(1), Apr 1990, 234–54. Surinder Singh. Sikh coinage: A symbol of Sikh sovereignty. In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 166–72. Surinder Singh. Sikh coins: Symbol of Sikh sovereignty. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Rabindra Bharati University, 56th Session, 1995. Delhi: Indian History Congress, Department of History, University of Delhi, 1996, pp. 967–71. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(2), Jul–Dec 1996, 21–27. Surinder Singh. Sikh pictorial coins. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 22(1), Apr 1991, 215–22. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 51–58. Surinder Singh. Sikh religious tokens. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 51–63. Also in Journal of Indian History, 66(1–3), Apr–Dec 1988, 91–104. Surinder Singh. Symbols of Sikh sovereignty: Sikh coinage 1710–1849 AD. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), Jan–Jun 1999, 77–111. Verma, T.P. The contribution of early Punjab coins to the development of Brahmi script. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, 49, 1987, 77–82.

11. Sikh Culture & Traditions Anand, Mulk Raj. Folk tales of Punjab. New Delhi: Sterling, 1974. 112p. Arvind-pal Singh. Interpreting the ‘Interpretive process’: The ambivalent of traditions in the representation of Sikh culture. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 2(2), Jul–Dec 1995, 217–38. Aryan, K.C. The cultural heritage of Punjab. New Delhi: Rekha Prakashan, 1983. 149p. Attar Singh. Inner dynamics of Sikh culture. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 107–118. Avtar Singh. Elements of Sikh culture. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 322–25. Avtar Singh. The Sikh perspective of culture and integration. In Rasheeduddin Khan, Ed. Composite culture of India and national integration. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1987, pp. 128–39. Bakshi, S.R. Punjab society and culture, Vol. 1 of the Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing, 1994. Bakshi, S.R. Social customs. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 1: 136–71. Bal, Manohar Singh, et al., Conference report: A conference on Sikh culture and way of life, October 2, 1993. Toronto: Ontario Council of Sikhs, 1993. 47p. Ballard, R. Sikh religion, culture and ethnicity. TLS-Times Literary Supplement, 5115, 2001, 12–13. Bedi, Sohinder Singh. Folklore of the Punjab. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1971. 167p. Bhag Singh. Bhangra: The most virile form of Indian folk dances. Spokesman Weekly, 30(47), 20 Jul 1981, 7. Bhatnagar, Asha. The language and culture of the Punjabis. Sikh Review, May 1984, 54–. Buchignani, Norman. Conceptions of Sikh culture in the development of a comparative analysis of the Sikh Diaspora. In Joseph T. O’Connell et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1988. Chahal, Surjit Kaur. Cultural foundations of integration: The Sikh perspectives. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 127–31. Courtright, Paul B. Syncretism and the formation of the Sikh tradition. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in the honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 417–32. Also in Journal of Religious Studies, 6(1), Spr 1978, 1–15. Coutts, John. Sikh festivals. Crystal Lake, Illinois: Heinemann Library, 1997. 48p. Culture and kingdoms of the Sikhs: Fine art poster book. Sikh Foundation, 1999. Davies, Sarah. Children’s perceptions of the transmission of Sikh culture/religion that takes place through religious music classes. Sikh Bulletin, 14, 1997, 1–9.

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Deb, P.C. Bazigars of Punjab. Delhi: Mittal Publishers, 1987. 80p. Dewan Singh. Sikh religion and culture. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 103p. Dharam Singh. Folk traditions relating to Amritsar. Sikh Review, 25(285), Sep 1977, 53–60. Dharam Singh. Folk-traditions around Amritsar city. Folklore (Calcutta), 19(4), Apr 1978, 95– 102. Dhillon, Iqbal Singh. Folk dances of Punjab. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1998. 184p. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Sikh culture. Edmonton: Sikh Educational Trust, 2002. 140p. Dogra, R.C. and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. Encyclopaedia of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1995. 511p. Dogra, R.C. and Urmila Dogra. The Sikh world: An Encyclopaedic survey of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: UBSPD, 2003. 582p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Lohri: The ﬁre festival. Spokesman Weekly, 32(19), 10 Jan 1983, 8–9. Fauja Singh. Religio-cultural heritage of Punjab. Journal of Religious Studies, 12(2), Aut 1984, 1–15. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 3–20. Gajinder Singh. Gurmat culture. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Apr–Jun 2003, 66–71. Gill, Pritam Singh. Heritage of Sikh culture, society, military, art. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing, 1975. 240p. Gobind Singh. Sikh festivals. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 53–56. Gold, D. Exploring Sikhism: Aspects of Sikh identity, culture and thought. Indian Econ Soc Hist, 39, 2003, 454–58. Gopal Singh. Sikhs: Their history, religion, culture, ceremonies and literature. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1970. 136p. Gurbhagat Singh. The future of small narratives: Focus on Sikh culture. Journal of Religious Studies, 28(1), 1997, 39–48. Gurbhagat Singh. Sikhism as cultural resilience: How small narratives survive disintegrating modernism. In Garry W. Trompf and Gildas Hamel, Eds. The world religions. Delhi: ISPCK, 2002, pp. 192–205. Gurcharan Singh. Studies in Punjab history and culture. New Delhi: Enkay Publishers, 1990. 281p. Hazara Singh. Holi and Hola Mohalla. Spokesman Weekly, 29(27), 3 Mar 1980, 7. Hazara Singh. Importance of Lohri. Sikh Review, 21(230), Jan 1973, 45–47. Hazara Singh. Importance of Lohri: A scientiﬁc evaluation. Spokesman Weekly, 29(20), Jan 1980, 10. Hazara Singh. The Sikh culture and Sikh services at a glace. Sikh Courier, 10(2), Sum 1980, 8–9. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, Apr–Jun 1998, 9–11. Helweg, Arthur W. Maintaining Sikh culture outside of Punjab: The role of the Gurdwara. Journal of Sikh Studies, 18, 1993–94, 69–.

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Pritam Singh. A programme of community development for the Sikhs. In Wazir Singh, Ed. Sikhism and the Punjab’s heritage. Patiala: Punjabi, University, 1990, pp. 82–91. Sacha, Gurinder Singh. Sat Sri Akal: Signiﬁcance of Sikh greetings. Sikh Review, 44(5), May 1996, 34–37. Sekhon, Iqbal Singh. Punjabis: The people, their history, culture and enterprise. New Delhi: Cosmo, 2000. 3 Vols. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Is there a Sikh culture? Illustrated Weekly of India, 92(44), Oct 31, 1971, 25–27. Shackle, Christopher, et al., Eds. Sikh religion, culture and ethnicity. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001. 220p. Sharma, Manorama. Folk India: A comprehensive study of Indian folk music and culture., Vol. 2: Punjab and Hrayana. New Delhi: Sundeep Parkashan, 2004. 319p. Shashi Bala. Religion and culture: The Sikh perspective. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 151–60. Sher Singh. Sansis of Punjab: A gypsy and denotiﬁed tribe of Rajput origin. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1965. 367p. Sher Singh. Sikligars of Punjab: A gypsy tribe. New Delhi: Sterling, 1966. 415p. Shergill, Hari Singh. Banishing of Sikh culture from India. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 36–38. Suba Singh. Hola Mohalla. Spokesman Weekly, 39(30), 23 Mar, 1981, 8. Suri, Surinder S. Impact of religion on Punjab’s culture. Journal of Religious Studies, 14(1), Spr 1986, 9–13. Also in Wazir Singh, Ed. Sikhism and the Punjab’s heritage. Patiala: Punjabi, University, 1990, pp. 36–42. Swynnerton, Charles. Romantic tales from the Punjab. Patiala: Language Department, Punjab, 1970. 353p. 4th Ed. Tarlochan Singh. Sikh culture and religion. Sikh Review, 35(401), May 1987, 18–20. Thornton, Thomas Henry. The vernacular literature and folklore of the Punjab. Journal of Royal Asiatic Society (London), 16, 1885, 373–414. Uberoi, Mohan Singh. Discoveries in Sikh culture (I). Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 43–56. Uberoi, Mohan Singh. Discoveries in Sikh culture (II). Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1974, 41–50. Uberoi, Mohan Singh. Discoveries in Sikh culture (III). Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 48–92. Uberoi, Mohan Singh. Discoveries in Sikh culture (IV). Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 66–111. Vanjara Bedi, S.S. Holla Mahalla. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 282–83. Wazir Singh. Dimensions of Punjab’s culture. Journal of Religious Studies, 15(1), Spr 1986, 1–8.

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11.1. Baisakhi Advani, K.V. Baisakhi’s fragrant spirit. Sikh Review, 34(385), Apr 1986, 20. Ajit Singh. Signiﬁcance of Baisakhi: The transformation. Spokesman Weekly, 3(14–15), 1953, 6. Ardaman Singh. Baisakhi: A festival of inspiration and dedication. Spokesman Weekly, 33(31– 31), 1984, 11–13. Ardaman Singh. Signiﬁcance of Baisakhi. Sikh Review, 22(245), May 1974, 7–13. Ashok Singh. Baisakhi: The birthday of Khalsa. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 23–24. Bagrian, Ardaman Singh. The Baisakhi: When the movement reached the apex. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Apr–Jun 2003, 5–12. Bahadur Singh. Baisakhi in north India. Spokesman Weekly, 11(13–14), 1961, 15. Baisakhi: P 1–3. (Glasgow): Strathclyde Education, 1995. Vol. 1. Bal, Param Ajit Singh. Baisakhi. Sikh Review, 9(4), 1961, 10–11. Balbir Singh. Importance of Baisakhi in Sikh life. Sikh Review, 11(4), 1963, 4–8. Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. Baisakhi. Oxford: Religious and Moral Education Press, 1986. 32p. Chawla, Sujot Kaur. The importance of Vaisakhi. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 38. Cheema, Amrik Singh. Baisakhi day and the youth of Punjab. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1980, 14. Badal, Parkash Singh. Baisakhi: The harbinger of plenty. Sikh Review, 19(210), May 1971, 6–7. Baldev Singh. The life of Guru Gobind Singh and the Baisakhi celebrations. Heritage (Singapore), 6, 1984, 5–14. Batra, N.D. Where thousands throng at Baisakhi. Illustrated Weekly of India, 103, Apr 4–10, 1982, 23. Fitzjohn, Sue, et al. Festivals together: A guide to multi-cultural celebration. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press, 1993. 223p. Ganesh, Narayani. Baisakhi: Beyond the symbols. Nishaan, 2, 2002, 4. Gill, Khem Singh. Baisakhi and the golden grain. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 13 Apr 1986. Gobind Singh. Baisakhi: A symbol of courage and hope. Spokesman Weekly, 3(14–15), 1953, 12. Gupta, Hari Ram. Baisakhi at Amritsar. Spokesman Weekly, 2(14–15), 1953, 11. Gupta, Hari Ram. Importance of Baisakhi festival. Spokesman Weekly, 14, (32–33), 1965, 17–18. Gurbachan Singh. Baisakhi: The day of reckoning, the day of investiture. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1983, 35–38.

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Gurbax Singh. Baisakhi: The birthday of the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 19(13–14), 1959, 45–46. Gurbhagat Singh. Vaisakhi of 1699: Rupture of the Indian grand narratives. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 6(2), Jul–Dec 1999, 187–94. Gurdit Singh. Baisakhi of 1699. Sikh Review, 21(234), May 1973, 10–11. Hartirath Singh. Baisakhi and the Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 6(17), 1965, 8–9. Hazara Singh. Historical importance of Baisakhi. Sikh Review, 18(198), Apr–May 1970, 15–17; and 20(221), Apr 1972, 9–11. Inni Kaur. Vaisakhi. Nishaan, 2, 2002, 64–. Iqbal Singh. Baisakhi of 1699. Spokesman Weekly, 27(32–33), 1978, 27–28. Ishar Singh. Message of Baisakhi. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1983, 19–21. Also in Sikh Review, 25(281), May 1977, 18–20. Jagjit Singh. Baisakhi: A global festival for the Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1982, 5. Jagjit Singh, K. Spirit of Baisakhi. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1983, 23–24. Kapur Singh. Parasarparasna or the Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Singh. Jullundur: Hind, 1959. 476p. Kirpal Singh. Baisakhi in historical perspective. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 80–82. Khushwant Singh. Baisakhi: Red letter day for Punjab. Spokesman Weekly, 12(33), 1963, 21–22. Kirpal Singh. Baisakhi: The day of rejoicing. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 34–35. Kohli, Sita Ram. Baisakhi in the panorama of Sikh history. Sikh Review, 3(4), 1955, 22–27. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 14(32–33), 1965, 37–38. Kulraj Singh. Baisakhi of 1699: The creation of Khalsa. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 5–7. Mahinder Singh. Vaisakhi: Birthday of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 43(4), Apr 1995, 39–41. Mangat, M.S. Baisakhi: A colorful festival. Spokesman Weekly, 14(32–33), 1965, 36. Message of Baisakhi. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 2–3. Narula, Jagjit Singh. Baisakhi. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 30. Nijjar, R.K. Vaisakhi resource pack. Erskin: R.K. Nijjar, 1995. 18p. Preetam Singh. Baisakhi of the Khalsa panth. New Delhi: Sunbun Publishers, 1999. 148p. Pritam Singh. Baisakhi: The birthday of Khalsa. Sikh Review, 22(244), Apr 1974, 5–9. Ross, Mandy. Baisakhi. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2002. 24p. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Vaisakhi: Birthday of the Khalsa. Sikh Review 48(5), May 2000, 38–42. Sanghera, Harminder and Maureen Olofson. Baisakhi: Birthday of Khalsa, harvest festival, solar new year. Vancouver: B.C. Teachers’ Federation, 1991. 47p. Sardul Singh. Baisakhi festival. Spokesman Weekly, 27(304), Apr 1979, 9–14.

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Shan, Harnam Singh. Vaisakhi of 1699. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Singh, K. Baisakhi: The birthday of the Khalsa. Bangkok: Sri Guru Singh Sabha, 1990. 18p. Singh, K. Baisakhi: The day of Khalsa was born. Sikh Review, 8(4), 1960, 4–7; and 18(198), Apr–May 1970, 5–7. Singh, K. Tragedy on Baisakhi day of 1978. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 9–14. Trilochan Singh. Baisakhi in Sikh history. Sikh Review, 23(265), Apr 1975, 37–40. Vanjara Bedi, S.S. Baisakhi. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 257–58. Vardhan, Anand. Baisakhi love. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 5–7. Waryam Singh (Sant) and Beant Singh. Baisakhi: The miracle was wrought, God manifested Himself. Chandigarh: Vishav Gurmat Roohani Mission Charitable Trust, 1997. 28p.

12. Sikhs as Khalsa Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The Khalsa: The mission divine accomplished. Sikh Review, 48(8), Aug 2000, 26–34. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The order of the Khalsa. Sikh Courier, 38(85), Spr–Sum 1998, 20–23. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The order of the Khalsa: Signiﬁcance in the world history and civilization. In Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 18–29. Ahluwalia, Rajinder Singh. Founder of the Khalsa. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1971. 113p. 2nd Ed. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Creation of Khalsa: A remarkable movement. Panchbati Sandesh, Apr– June 1999, 25–33. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Creation of Khalsa: A phenomenal achievement. Sikh Review, 47(3), Mar 1999, 20–23. Ahuja, N.D. The Khalsa. Sikh Review, 30(340), Apr 1982, 5–10. Ajit Singh. Order of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 12(12), 1964, 32–33. Allen, Marguerite. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 7(8), 1959, 33–38; and 14(44), 1966, 11–16. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 16(43), 1967, 5. Allen, Marguerite. Khalsa then and now. Sikh Review, 30(344), Aug 1982, 17–25. Amrik Singh. Three centuries of the Khalsa. In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 130–50. Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999. 183p. Anand Kumar, P. Portrayal of Khalsa in Tamil writings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Atamjit Singh. The birth of Khalsa: The emergence of warriors of God. Sikh Review, 48(1), Jan 2000, 38–41. Aulakh, Ajit Singh, et al., The Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. Aurora, Balbir Singh. Form and essence of the Khalsa. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 29–31. Bahadur Singh. Why and how the tenth Guru designed Khalsa? Spokesman Weekly, 3(14–15), 1953, 16. Bahadur Singh. Miracle of Guru Gobind Singh (on Khalsa). Spokesman Weekly, 10(14), 1960, 15. Bajaj, S.K. The Khalsa: An interpretation. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 124–31. Also in Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 30–40.

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Karnail Singh. 300 years of Khalsa celebrations. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twenty-ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 187–218. Kartar Singh. The birth of Khalsa or, The warrior-saints of Guru Gobind Singh. Singapore: Singapore Sikh Missionary Tract Society, 1940. 14p. Katoch, A.C. Creation of the Khalsa. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), 2000, 101–106. Kehar Singh. Sikh values: Khalsa dynamics. In Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 48–59. Khalsa, Guru Fateh Singh. Khalsa: The vital force for human race. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 25–27. Khalsa, Harjinder Singh. Moral ethos of Khalsa Panth. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 49–54. Khan, Iqtidar Alam. The Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh. In Himadri Banerjee, Ed. The Khalsa and the Punjab: Studies in Sikh history to the nineteenth century. New Delhi: Tulika, 2002, pp. 21–32. Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and the twenty ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999. 290p. Kharak Singh. The Khalsa discipline: Internal and external. Sikh Courier, 45(96), Aut–Win 2003–04, 35–38. Kharak Singh. Khalsa: The saint soldier. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1991, 20–30. Kharak Singh. Khalsa value system. Sikh Courier, 40(90), Aut–Win 2000, 18–22. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 4–10. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 7–9. Khushwant Singh. Khalsa: A unique spirit. In Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 8–17. Kirpal Singh. Khalsa: The fulﬁllment of Guru Nanak’s mission. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twenty-ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 27–31. Kirpal Singh. Khalsa: The maker of present day Punjab. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1999, 44–50. Kohli, J.S. Khalsa Panth. Sikh Courier, 39(88), Aut–Win 1999, 31–35. Kohli, Sita Ram. Setting for the creation of Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 4(13), 1954, 13–14. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Delhi: Avtar Singh, n.d. 16p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. The Sikh and the Khalsa. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2001. 104p. Kotli, Gian Singh. The ‘Saint-Soldier’ Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 30–32. Kuldip Singh. How to restore the Khalsa image. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twenty-ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 119–31. Kuldip Singh. Khalsa: The army of lord. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 67–70.

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Kuldip Singh. Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh: An ideological and historical evolution. Sikh Review, 48(1), Jan 2000, 30–34. Kuldip Singh. Twenty-ﬁrst century: Century of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 45(9), Sept 1997, 43–48. Kulraj Singh. Baisakhi of 1699: The creation of Khalsa. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 5–7. Kumar, H.C. Birth of the Khalsa. Hyderabad: Blavatsky Press, 1928. Lourdunathan, S. The Khalsa and its emancipatory logic. Sikh Review, 47(6), Jun 1999, 18–25. Madanjit Kaur. Creation of the Khalsa: An overview. In Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 34–41. Madanjit Kaur, Ed. Guru Gobind Singh and creation of Khalsa. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2000. 143p. Mahinder Singh. Creation of Khalsa: The ideal human being. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 28–31. Maini, Darshan Singh. The moment of the Khalsa: Vision, values and world view. Nishaan, Premiere Issue, 2001, 4–13. Maini, Darshan Singh. The voyage of the Khalsa. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 26–28. Mann, Gurinder Singh. The institution of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 25–28. Marwah, Jaswant Singh. The birth of Khalsa. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(2), 1995, 103–15. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, Apr–June 1998, 12–16. Mazumdar, R.C. Transformation of Sikhism under Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 47–49. McLeod, W.H. Sikhs of the Khalsa: A history of the Khalsa Rahit. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003. 482p. Menon, Nalini. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999. 183p. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his creation. Sikh Review, 24(268), 1976, 10–14. Mohan Singh. Khalsa: The casteless society. Sikh Review, 27(303), Mar 1979, 1–5. Mohinder Singh. Creation of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 16(177), Apr 1968, 5–8. Muthumohan, N. The Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh: A social alternative. Sikh Review, 48(5), May 2000, 11–15. Muthumohan, N. The Sikh Khalsa: Idea & identity. Sikh Review, 46(8), Aug 1998, 28–32. Nandakumar, Prema. Khalsa in Guru’s image. Sikh Review, 39(4), Apr 1991, 11–13. Narain Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 18(33), 1970, 21–22. Narang, Kulwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 25(36), 1976, 5. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Creation of the Khalsa: The legacy. In Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 64–73. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Institution of the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1983, 22–23.

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Neki, J.S. The spiritual basis of Khalsa Panth. Sikh Review, 48(7), Jul 2000, 25–30. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Mythic inheritance and the historic drink of the Khalsa. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikhism and history. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. Nirankari, Man Singh. The signiﬁcance of Khalsa. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twentyﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 41–44. Also in Sikh Review, 47(6), Jun 1999, 30–32. Nirankari, Man Singh. “Sikh”, “Khalsa” and “Singh”: An appraisal. Panchbati Sandesh, 3(2), Oct 1980, 23–30. Nirbhai Singh. Khalsa as redeemer of Dalits. Sikh Review, 46(10), Oct 1998, 8–16. Parkash Singh. Birth of the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1980, 11–12. Patwant Singh. The advent of Khalsa. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 10–13. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s baptismal ceremony. Spokesman Weekly, 5(1), 1955, 18. Phul, Tarlok Singh. Khalsa’s heroic record. Sikh Review, 19(206), Jan 1971, 37–40. Prem, Onkar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 18(33), 1969, 60. Premka Kaur. Evolution of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 37–39. Pritam Singh. Creation of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 9(4), 1961, 5–9. Puran Singh. Creation and purpose of Khalsa. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1999, 17–22. Puran Singh. The Khalsa brotherhood. Sikh Review, 37(4), Apr 1989, 11–16. Rajinder Singh. Birth of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 27(304), 1979, 5–8. Rajinder Singh. Khalsa: Genesis and nature. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1980, 13. Also in Sikh Review, 30(352), Apr 1983, 24–27. Ram Narayan Prasad Singh. Origin of the Khalsa and nature. Sikh Review, 25(281), May 1977, 21–27. Ranbir Singh. The Khalsa. In Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Glimpses of Sikh religion. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1988, pp. 167–82. Ranbir Singh. The Khalsa: ‘Ideal of Sikhism’. Young Sikh Review, Apr 1981, 17–21. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 29–31. Ratual, Sardar Singh. Khalsa. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1964. 32p. Rattan Kaur. Mata Sahib Dewan’s part in the birth of Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 17(4), 1967, 5. Rohi, Rajinder Kaur. The Khalsa: Subtle achievement and gross reﬂection. Sikh Review, 47(4), Apr 1999, 26–29. Rup Singh. Tat Khalsa: The purest of pure. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1917. 17p. Sahib Singh. Creation of Khalsa: Historical background. Sikh Review, 47(4), Apr 1999, 16–19.

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Sampooran Singh. The song of the Khalsa: The song of the pure man of God. Jodhpur: Faith Publishers, 1978. 108p. Sandhu, G.S. Institution of the Khalsa: A philosophical perspective. In Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 113–19. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Historiography of the creation the Khalsa. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 30th session, March 1998, 73–80. Sarup Singh, Ed. Birth of the Khalsa. Lahore: University Sikh Association, n.d. 132p. Sayers, Matthew R. Tat Khalsa use of non-traditional educational tools in the ascendancy of the Khalsa Sikh identity. SAGAR: South Asian Graduate Research Journal, 11, Fall 2003, 19–36. Sethi, Daljeet Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s aim in forming Khalsa. Sikh Review, 7(4), 1959, 14–17. Shada, Buta Singh. Khalsa. Delhi: Arsee Publications, 2003. 136p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Creation of the Khalsa as described in Guru Kian Sakhian by Bhatt Sarup Singh Kaushish. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 43–62. Shan, Harnam Singh. The Khalsa: Creating history. In Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 82–89. Shan, Harnam Singh. The Khalsa tercentenary: The 300th birth anniversary of the Khalsa Panth (1699–1999). Chandigarh: Bank of Punjab, 1999. 13p. Sher Singh. Creation of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 2(4), 1954, 48–51. Shergill, G.S. Role of Khalsa in 21st century focus on education. In Harchand Singh Bedi, Ed. The Sikhs in the new century. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 2001, pp. 118–23. Sidhu, Choor Singh. Raj Karega Khalsa. Journal of Sikh Studies, 17, 1992, 83–88. Sidhu, S.S. Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh: Relevance in the 21st century. Sikh Review, 48(1), Jan 2000, 35–37. Sikh spirit: A symposium on the issues facing the Khalsa at 300. Seminar, 476, Apr 1999, 12–68. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Invincible Khalsa: (An epic). Ludhiana: Sikka Publishing House, 2000. 92p. Singh, K. Emergence of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 13(14), 1965, 5–8. Sodhi, H.S. The Sikh-Khalsa tradition. Seminar (New Delhi), 476, Apr 1999, 46–49. Sodhi, S.S. Cosmic consciousness of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 8–10. Sodhi, S.S. Psychology of a productive spirituality inclined Khalsa. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1999, 37–39. Sudarshan Kumar. The order of the Khalsa. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), 1991, 61–65. Sukhdial Singh. Creation of the Khalsa: Uniformity of the Sikh society. In Shiv K. Gupta, Ed. Creation of the Khalsa. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 91–112. Sunirmalananda, Swami. The Khalsa and its spiritual message. Sikh Review, 48(7), Jul 2000, 31–32.

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Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Rehras, the torch to pass through the darkness of death and Sohila, the lyric that speaks of lacerations and pangs of separation. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1993. 86p. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Rehras and sohila. Delhi: Sterling Book House, n.d. Khushwant Singh and Reema Anand. Rehras evensong: The Sikh evening prayer. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2002. 144p. Macauliffe. M.A. Rehras or evening prayer of the Sikhs. Calcutta: W. Newman, 1901. 21p. Maan, Arjan Singh. Rehras and Kirtan Sohila. Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, n.d. 26p. Peace, M.L. Rehras: The Sikh immortal evening prayer with Kirtan Sohila. Ferozpur: D.S. Bhalla, 1961. 36p. The Rahiras. In H.S. Bhatia and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. Encyclopaedic history of the Sikhs & Sikhism. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. Vol. 1. Suri, Nihal Singh. Rahiras or the evening divine service of the Sikhs. Rawalpindi: The author, 1901. 20p. Taran Singh. Rahrasi. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 431–32. 13.1.3. Ardas (Prayer) Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. The meaning & form of Sikh prayer. Sikh Review, 40(6), Jun 1992, 6–12. Ganda Singh. The Sikh prayer. Sikh Review, 29(271), Jul 1976, 42–46. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Miracles of Ardaas: Introduction. In M.S. Kohli, Ed. Miracle of Ardaas: Incredible Adventures and Survivals. New Delhi: Indus Publishing, 2003, pp. 13–15. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Prayer in the life of a Sikh. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 11–12. Harsimran Kaur. Psychology of prayer. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 90–95. Kamal Gurtaj Singh. Power of prayer. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1999, 30–31. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Jap Sahib, Swayas and Ardas: Hymns in the praise of God. Delhi: Sterling Book House, 1995. 168p. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Anatomy of the Sikh prayer—‘Ardas’. Sikh Review, 37(4), Apr 1989, 37–40. Kapur Singh. Ardas or the Sikh congregational prayer. In Piar Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Parasarparasna. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989, pp. 284–306. Kapur Singh. Concept of Ardas. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(2), 2001, 187–99. Kohli, M.S. Miracles of Ardaas: Incredible adventures and survivals. New Delhi: Indus Publishing, 2003. 184p. Kulwant Singh. Ardas: It mystique & evolution. Sikh Review, 44(9), Sept 1996, 23–26. Kulwant Singh. The morning prayer. Arlington, Texas: Academy of Guru Granth Sahib, n.d. 94p.

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Johar, S.S. Concept of Sangat in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(42), Jul 1988, 3–4. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Concept of Sadh Sangat and Kirtan in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 32(25), 21 Feb 1983, 4. Sangat and Pangat. In Praksah Singh.Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994, pp. 19–26. Yuktanand Singh. Role of Sangat and Sant in the panth. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), Jan–Jun 2002, 80–99. 13.1.5. Nam Simran (Meditation) Ardaman Singh. Simran. Nishaan, 2, 2002, 48–58. Bagga, Manpreet Kaur. Metamorphosis of man through Naam. Panchbati Sandesh, 20(1), Jul 1997, 20–33. Batra, Manohar Singh. Meditation and service: Essential attributes of Sikh religion. Sikh Review, 44(9), Sept 1996, 6–9. Batra, Manohar Singh. Meditation and service in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(2), Jul–Dec 1994, 109–115. Bhatia, M.S. Naam Mantra Jaap. Sikh Review, 49(10), Oct 2001, 6–12. Bhugra, Satnam Singh. Meditation (Nam Simran) and Sikhism. Sikh Review, 24(274), Oct 1976, 11–19. Bir, Raghbir Singh. The man of Simran, the man of God. Spokesman Weekly, 35(27), 3 Mar 1986, 4. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Simran: An antidote to tension. Sikh Review, 41(2), Feb 1993, 5–10. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Simran: Communication with the divine. Sikh Review, 46(8), Aug 1998, 6–15. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Simran: Remembrance of God. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 59–77. Concept of meditation in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 33(14), 5 Dec 1983, 4. Das, Debabrata. Japu to eko nama (Contemplate tho only in one name): As study in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 29–72. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Sikh way of meditation. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 108–114. Also in Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 65–68. Dya Singh. Naam Simran made easy. Sikh Review, 46(1), Jan 1998, 10–16. Gehunia, Vivek Singh. Simran as silent prayer. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004, 8–9. Gill, Kirpal Singh. Naam Simran: The art of vibrant meditation. Sikh Review, 38(11), Nov 1990, 5–13. Gopal Singh. Understanding Sikhism: Prayer and meditation. Spokesman Weekly, 32(6), 11 Oct 1982, 5–6. Gulcharan Singh. Sikh mode of worship. Spokesman Weekly, 32(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1983, 27–28.

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Gulshan Jeet Singh. Discovering of self through Naam Simran. Sikh Review 48(6), Jun 2000, 6–7. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Discovering power of God within. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 8–10. Gulshan Jeet Singh. The glory: Nam Simran. Sikh Review, 49(1), Jan 2001, 6–7. Gulshan Jeet Singh. The importance of Nam Simran. Sikh Review, 43(5), May 1995, 5–7. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Nam Simran: A concept. Sikh Review, 44(9), Sept 1996, 10–11. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Nam Simran: Exploring one’s self. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 6–7. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Namsimran in right perspective. Sikh Courier, 43(93), Spr–Sum 2002, 10–11. Gulshan Jeet Singh. Nam Simran: Key to happiness. Sikh Review, 44(6), Jun 1996, 7–9. Gulshan Jeet Singh. On practice of Namsimran. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 7–9. Gurbaksh Singh. Nam Simran: Remembering the Lord’s name. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), Oct 1999, 122–43. Gurmukh Singh. Human mind and meditation. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 33–36. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Elements of meditation-Part 1: What should we not seek? From both sides of the Ocean, 42, Nov–Dec 1997, 10–12. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Elements of meditation in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 6–7. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Motivation for Naam Simran: The Sikh way of meditation. In H. S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University Press, 1998, pp. 60–85. Hardit Singh. Meditation in Sikhism. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1996, 45–53. Hardit Singh. Simran for layman. Sikh Review, 46(3), Mar 1998, 16–17. Harjinder Singh. Nam Simaran. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1991, 17–18. Joginder Singh. Meditation. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1998, 53–59. Kirpal Singh. Worship and mediation. Spokesman Weekly, 35(19), 6 Jan 1986, 4. Kulwant Singh. Naam Simran: A discourse. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 6–13. Kulwant Singh. Naam Simran: The ultimate healer. Sikh Review, 45(8), Aug 1997, 6–8. Mann, Tarlochan Singh. Spiritual experience of Naam Simran. Sikh Review, 48(7), Jul 2000, 7–8. Neki, J.S. Dhian: Meditation. Nishaan, 3, 2003, 4–5. Onkar Singh. Naam Jaap: The key to peace. Sikh Review, 50(2), Feb 2002, 6–9. Puri, Gopal Singh. Nam Simran: Remedy of all ills. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), Annual Number 1980, 51–58. Puri, Gopal Singh. Sikh meditation. Sikh Courier, 26(62), Aut–Win 1986, 31–35. Raghbir Singh. How to do Simran? Sikh Review, 34(387), Mar 1986, 28–36. Raja Singh. Embodiment of Simran. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Abhinadan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinadan Samiti, 1954, pp. 48–.

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Rajinder Kaur. Meditation (Simran). Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, n.d. 29p. Sandhu, Inderpal Singh. Simran: Remembrance—a stepping stone to peace. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 6–9. Sethi, Amarjit Singh. Ethical and spiritual aspects of Nam-Simaran. In Joseph T. O’Connell et al., Eds. Sikh history and religion in the twentieth century. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990, pp. 44–51. Sethi, Amarjit Singh. Nam-Simaran. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Jun 1981, 12–16. Sethi, Joginder Singh. Quest for God realization: Some thoughts on Naam Simran. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 8–11. Shiv Charan Singh. Meditation. Sikh Messenger, Win 1985–Spr 1986, 24–25. Sodhi, S.S. Art of meditation. Panchbati Sandesh, 23(2), Oct 2000, 16–18. Sodhi, S.S. The power of meditation. Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 6–8. Teja Singh. Meditation on divine name. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1918. 29p. Trilochan Singh. Naam Simran (Meditation) made easy based on Bandginama. Sikh Review, 47(8), Aug 1999, 6–9. 13.1.6. Langar (Community Kitchen) Alam Kaur. Langar is not a picnic. Sikh Review, 46(10), Oct 1998, 61–62. Chryssides, G. and L. Moss. Signiﬁcance of Langar in Gurdwara. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut 1985, 5–7. Dimpy Gurvinder Singh. The concept & utility of Langar. Sikh Review, 45(1), Jan 1997, 66–67. Guru Angad and the Langar. In Praksah Singh. Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994, pp. 39–44. Guru Nanak’s charity and the free kitchen. In Praksah Singh. Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994, pp. 39–44. Hardit Singh. Langar: Its ideal and concept. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1998, 54–57. Institution of Langar. In Praksah Singh. Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994, pp. 14–18. Kabul Singh. The noble tradition of Langar. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 71–73. Khalsa, Guru Fatha Singh. The wonder that is Langar. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 56–58. Langar and Guru Hargobind. In Praksah Singh. Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994, pp. 64–72. Jaspal Singh. Guru ka Langar. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), Jul–Dec 2000, 115–27. Parkash Singh. Community kitchen of the Sikhs. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1994. 112p. Parkash Singh. Guru ka Langar. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 207–210. Yashpal Singh. The wonder that is Langar. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 18–20.

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13.2. Sikh Institutions Dhillon, Balwant Singh. The institution of Dharamsal: Origin and development. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University Press, 1998, pp. 183–201. Dhillon, Dalbir Singh. The institution of Guru (Guruship), Gurdwara, Sangat and Langar. In H. S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University Press, 1998, pp. 202–226. Dhillon, G.S. Sri Akal Takht, Sarbat Khalsa & Gurmatta: Doctrinal position in Sikh tradition. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 32–33. Gill, Rupinder Kaur. Institutions: Their role in Sikh history. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 2002. 278p. Jaspal Singh. Sikh institutions: The Khalsa panth. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 42–53. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Development of Sikh institutions during the times of the Gurus. Sikh Review, 41(9), Sept 1993, 12–20. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Sikh polity and political institutions. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1971. 295p. Rupinder Singh. From the pages of Sikh history (on signiﬁcance of Dal Khalsa, Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmatta). Sunday Observer, 9 Mar 1986, 17. Sudarshan Singh. Democratic ideals and institutions in Sikh religion. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1971. 200p. 13.2.1. Hukamnama Anand, G.S. Tegh Bahadur’s Hukamnama. Panjab Past and Present, 5(2), Oct 1971, 251–55. Also in Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 136–39. Baagha, Ajit Singh. Banur had orders: A critical study, of an hitherto unknown Hukamnamah of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Ranjit Printers & Publishers, 1969. 164p. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Hukamnama of the Akal Takht. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 173–79. Eventful history of Hukamnamas. Spokesman Weekly, 27(43), 19 June 1978, 6. Fauja Singh, Ed. Hukamnama Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 140p. Ganda Singh. Hukamnama. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 289–91. Gopal Singh. Truth about Hukamnamas, Tankhaiyas and Sarbat Khalsa: Are we promoting Sikh ethos? Indian Express (New Delhi), 11 Feb 1987. Grewal, M.S. Sikh Rahet Maryada: Taking the Hukam Nama. Sikh Review, 41(10), Sept 1991, 42–46. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh’s Hukamnamas. In his History of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984, pp. 339–46.

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Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Hukamnamas. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), 1983, 17. Kirpal Singh. Hukamnamah of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 20(18), 1971, 21–22. Kirpal Singh. Hukamnamah or edicts of the Guru. Spokesman Weekly, 3(32–33), 1953, 12. Of Hakumats, Hukamnamas and Khalsa Panth. Sunday Mail, 15–21 Feb 1987. Rajinder Kaur. Why social boycott of Nirankaris? vis-a vis Hukamnama. Delhi: Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee, 1978. 8p. Sagar, S.S. Hukamnamas associated with Guru Tegh Bahadur: A study. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, March 1989, 113–18. Sagar, S.S. Survey of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Hukaknamas. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), Feb 2000, 83–86. 13.2.2. Gurmata Bhagat Singh. Institution of Gurmata. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 99–108. Chandi, Amarjit Singh. What will be the ﬁnal outcome of Gurmata passed at Sri Akal Takhat Sahib. Sikh Marg, 12(2), Dec 2000, 39–41. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Panth and Gurmata. Spokesman Weekly, 29(39), 26 May 1980, 5. Gulcharan Singh. History of the Gurmata. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(4), Mar 1983, 31–34. Also in Sikh Review, 32(337), Jan 1983, 61–64. Gulcharan Singh. Gurmata. Spokesman Weekly, 28(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1980, 26. Jaspal Singh. Sikh institutions: Gurmatta. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 65–74. Mohan Singh. Difference between Gurmata and resolution. Panjab Past and Present, 16(1), Apr 1982, 129–32. Rekhi, Ravinder Singh. The Sikh institution of Gurmata. Journal of Religious Studies, 34(1–2), Spr–Aut 2003, 146–48. Sukhdial Singh. Gurmatta. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 89–90. Thapar, K.S. Gurmata: Democracy in practice. Panjab Past and Present, 9(2), Oct 1975, 283–90. Thapar, K.S. Gurmata. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 152–55. 13.2.3. Sarbat Khalsa Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sarbat Khalsa and beyond. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 17 Mar 1986. Concept of Sarbat Khalsa, Hukamnama and Gurmata in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 36(23), 16 Feb 1987, 5. Gill, T.S. The Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmatas. In his History of the Sikhs. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1996. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Sarbat Khalsa. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 62–64.

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Hardit Singh. Suggested model for conducting Sarbat Khalsa. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Apr–Jun 2000, 21–22. Kapur, Hardit Singh. The origin of Sarbat Khalsa. Sikh Review, 37(1), Jan 1989, 28–29. Prashar, A.S. Sarbat Khalsa call to free temple. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 17 Feb 1986. Rajinder Singh. Glimpses of Sarbat Khalsa in the eighteenth century. Sikh Review, 26(297–98), Sept–Oct 1978, 31–34. Rupinder B. Singh. Sarbat Khalsa: A historical perspective. Spokesman Weekly, 36(24), 23 Feb 1987, 3–4. Sukhdial Singh. Sarbat Khalsa. Illustrated Qaumi Ekta, 13(3), Mar 1986, 13–16 & 19–20. Tir, Gurnam Singh. Sarbat Khalsa and Sikh unity. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 7 Feb 1986.

13.3. Sikh Ceremonies Joginder Singh. Sikh ceremonies. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1978. 96p. 13.3.1. Birth & Death Bajwa, Ranjeet Singh. Semiotics of the birth ceremonies in Punjab. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1991. 114p. Dalip Inder Singh. The last rites according to Sikh moral code. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 17–18. Gajinder Singh. Antim Ardas: The Sikh rites of passage. Sikh Review 50(6), Jun 2002, 59–63. Gurmukh Singh. Soul, death and metaphysics in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 7–17. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Riddle of death. From Both sides of the Ocean, 24, 1994, 17–22. Hardit Singh. Death and after. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1999, 121–24. Harminder Kaur. Phenomenon of death in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 12–16. Indarjit Singh. Sikhs and euthanasia. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1988, 26–27. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Death and after. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1999. 104p. Kulwant Singh. Life after death. Sikh Review, 44(12), Dec 1996, 11–12. Neki, J.S. Death. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 541–43. Nirmal Singh. Whence to where and in between (birth, life, death and beyond: The Sikh perspective). Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), Jul–Dec 2001, 88–101. Puri, Shamsher Singh. Nature of death and how to overcome fear. Sikh Review, 51(10), Oct 2003, 13–15. Sikh funeral and cremation. In Mandy Ross. Funerals. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. Singh, I.J. Rites of passage. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 66–. Singh, G.R. Life after death according to the Guru Granth Sahib. India Cultures Quarterly (Jabalpur), 30(1), 1975, 9–16. Sohi, B.K. After death whither? What.Panchbati Sandesh, 17(3), Jan 1995, 26–32.

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Teena Singh. Rites of passage among the Sikhs. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1972. 179p. Wazir Singh. Death and suffering: The Sikh perspective. Journal of Religious Studies, 12(1), Spr 1984, 47–57. Wazir Singh. Sikh perspective on death and suffering. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 31–42. Welcoming a baby in Sikhism: P 1-3. (Glasgow): Strathclyde Education, 1990–1995? 13.3.2. Initiation Harbans Lal (Bhai). Great leap of faith: The Sikh initiation rite. In Proceedings of International Sikh Youth Symposium Celebrating 400th Year of Installation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Sri Hemkunt Foundation, Aug 2003, 33–38. Also in Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 33–36. Harminder Singh. Initiation into Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 18–19. Jain, Sushil. Elements of religious sacriﬁce in the initiation rites of the Khalsa. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Pune), 74, 1993, 217–44. McLeod, Hew. The order for Khalsa initiation. In Donald S. Lopez, Ed. Religions of India in practice. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 321–25. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Baisakhi and initiation of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1981, 25. 13.3.3. Naming Ceremony Alam Kaur. What’s in a surname? Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1997, 34–38. Chilana, Rajwant Singh. Dictionary of Sikh names. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2001. 203p. Chilana, Rajwant Singh. Naming ceremony. In his Dictionary of Sikh names. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2001, pp. 6–7. Cole, W. Owen. Sikh names and the naming ceremony. In his Sikhism. London: Hodder Headline, 1994, pp. 51–56. Dimpy, Mandeep Kaur, Ed. Sikh baby names. New Delhi: Star Publications, 1994. 77p. Dogra, R.C. and Urmila Dogra. Thought provoking Sikh names: With meanings and explanations in English. New Delhi: Star Publications, 2002. 273p. Gurdev Singh. An anthology of spiritual and historical Sikh names. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995. 106p. Gurmit Singh. The race of lions: Sikhs and surnames. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 84–85. Gurmit Singh. Sikhs and surnames. Sikh Courier, 41(91), Spr–Sum 2001, 37–38. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(3), Jul–Sep 2002, 10–11. Paramjit Singh. Sikh baby names. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1996. 99p. Roy, Shibani and S.H.M. Rizvi. Encyclopaedia of Indian surnames. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 2002. 439p.

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Santokh Singh. Sikh names from Sri Guru Granth Saheb with meanings in English and Punjabi. Princeton, Ont.: Institute of Spiritual Studies, 1994. 128p. Sikh naming ceremony. In Mandy Ross: Naming ceremonies. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. Singh, I.J. About name-tags & nick names. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 43–45. Sodhi, N.S. Naming a child among the Sikhs. Journal of Religious Studies, 12(2), Aut 1984, 94–101. 13.3.4. Marriage Ceremony (Anand Karaj ) Ahuja, Baljeet Singh. Anand karaj ceremony and the institution of marriage in Sikhism. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 29–32. Ajit Singh. Sikhism and the institution of marriage. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 33–38. Anand marriage act. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 126–28. Anju Kaur. Sikh matrimonial circumambulations (Laavan). Understanding Sikhism— The Research Journal, 4(2), July–Dec 2002. Bagrian, Bhai Ashok Singh. Anand Karaj: A model sermon. Sikh Review, 39(4), 1991, 25–29. Balwinderjit Kaur. Intergenerational change in Sikh marriage: A case study of Jats in Jandusingha village. M.A. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1967. Bennett, Olivia and Liba Taylor. Sikh wedding. London: H. Hamilton, 1985. 27p. Bhachu, Parminder. Marriage and dowry among selected East African Sikh families in the United Kingdom. Ph.D. Thesis. London: University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1981. 269p. Bhag Singh. Marriage among Sikhs. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 35–37. Bhalla, Kartar Singh. Anand Karaj (Sikh wedding). In his Lets know Sikhism: A religion of harmony, brotherhood and tolerance. New Delhi: Star Publications, 2002. Bhupinder Singh. Matrimonial inroads: On the path of extinction? Sikh Review, 52(3), Mar 2004, 48–54. Bradby, Hannah. Negotiating marriage: Young Punjabi women’s assessment of their individual and family interests. In Rohit Barot et al., Eds: Ethnicity, gender and social change. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999, pp. 152–66. Daya Singh. Of Anand Karaj and mixed marriages. Sikh Review, 48(1), Jan 2000, 72–74. Dharam Singh. Lavan (Sikh marriage ceremony). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 569–70. Dogra, R.C. and Urmila Dogra. Hindu and Sikh wedding ceremonies: With salient features of Hindu and Sikh rituals. New Delhi: Star Publications, 2000. 192p. Dutt, Ashok K., et al. Socio-economic factors affecting marriage distance in two Sikh villages of Punjab. Journal of Cultural Geography, 2(1), Fall–Win 1981, 13–26.

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Gheerdyal Singh. Marriage pattern in a Punjab village. M.A. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1974. Gill, Kuldip. A Canadian Sikh wedding as a cultural performance. M.A. Thesis. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1982. Harbhajan Singh (Bhai Sahib). Anand marriage. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr 1995, 51–53. Also in Sikh Review, 43(9), Sept 1995, 35–36. Harder, Kelsie B. Description of marriages in the Punjab. Chillicothe: Ohio Valley Folk Research Project, The Ross County Historical Society, 1963. 109p. Hershman, Paul. A comparison of Punjabi and Tallensi marriage systems. Eastern Anthropologist (Lucknow), 33(4), Oct–Dec 1980, 299–334. Hershman, Paul. Punjabi kinship and marriage. Delhi: Hindustan Publishing, 1981. 277p. Inderjit Kaur. Successful and troubled marriage relationships: A comparative study of four personality traits in the 3HO/Sikh Community. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Humanistic Studies, 1990. Inderjit Singh. Marriage and the family. Sikh Courier, Sum–Aut 1977. Jagjit Singh. Inter-caste marriages. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 315–24. Jaspal Singh. Change in Sikh marriage. M.A. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1966. Jaspal Singh. Changing ceremonies in Sikh marriages. Sikh Review, 18(187), 1969, 19–29. Jaspal Singh. Marriage in transition. Guru Nanak Journal of Sociology, 19(1), April 1998, 25–66. Jaspal Singh. Sikh marriage in transition. Social Action, 18(3), May–June 1968, 224–30. Jaswant Singh. Genesis of Anand marriage act. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(4), Oct–Dec 2002, 46–47. Jhutti, Jagbir. A study of changes in marriage practices among the Sikhs of Britain. D.Phil. Thesis. University of Oxford, 1998. 445p. Johal, Daljinder Singh. Institution of marriage in medieval Punjabi literature. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, 1982, 189–98. Jyoti, Surinder K. Marriage practices of the Sikhs: A study of intergenerational difference. New Delhi: Deep & Deep, 1983. 256p. Kamra, Ramma. Shubh Sangeet for Indian weddings: Punjabi and Hindi folk songs in Devnagri and Roman scripts. Ottawa: RSK Enterprises, 2001. 69p. Kannan, C.I. Inter-caste and inter-community marriages in India. Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1963. Kapadia, Kanailal Motilal. Marriage and family in India. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1966. 395p. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Ceremonies of bliss: Anand Karaj (The Sikh marriage ceremony), birth of a child. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1996. 131p. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Marriage, inﬁdelity and divorce: A Sikh perspective. Sikh Review 50(7), Jul 2002, 52–57.

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Khalsa, Gurshabad Singh. Recovering the lost art of marriage. In Premka Kaur Khalsa and Sat Kirpal Kaur Khalsa, Eds. The man called the Sari Singh Sahib. Los Angels: Sikh Dharma, 1979, pp. 235–36. Lal Singh. Anand ceremony: The Sikh marriage ritual. Sikh Review, 20(222), May 1972. Leonard, Karen. Making ethnic choices: California’s Punjabi—Mexican Americans (inter-racial marriages). Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. 333p. Mahajan, Amarjit. Change in Punjabi Marriage: A study of a displaced community. Journal of Family Welfare, 13(4), June 1967, 15–19. Mahajan, Amarjit. A study of attitudes women students towards mate selection. Journal of Family Welfare, 12, Sept 1965, 1–4. Manito Kaur. Sikh marriage ceremony. Sikh Review, 29(332), Aug 1981, 35–39. Mason, Paul. Weddings (chapters on Sikh wedding and marriage in the Punjab). Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. McCormack, Manjeet Kaur. The Sikh marriage ceremony. Edgware: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1985. Middlebrook, Joyce. Customs and women’s wedding songs in two Northern California Sikh communities. M.A. Thesis. Sacramento: California State University, 1991. 108p. Mohan Singh. Model Sikh sermon on marriage. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 41–44. Mohan Singh. Signiﬁcance of Lavans. Sikh Review, 30(339), Mar 1981, 57–58. Mohinder Singh. Sikh marriage ceremony. Vancouver: Sikh Education Society, 1988. 17p. Mohinder Singh. The Sikh wedding. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2004. 96p. Narain Singh. Spiritual marriage. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, 1978. Narain Singh. Spiritual marriage of a unique kind. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 30–38. Nirankari, Man Singh. Genesis of Anand marriage. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(3), Jan 1982, 34–42. Also in Sikh Review, 30(339), Mar 1982, 49–50. Paramjit Singh. Bhatra Sikh marriages. Chichester: Sikh Bulletin, 1995. Parkash Singh. The development of dowry system in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, 1976, 226–34. Puri, Shamsher Singh. Happy marriage: The Sikh way. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 110p. Rajagopalan, C. and Jaspal Singh. Changing Trends in Sikh marriage. Journal of Family Welfare, 14(2), 1967, 24–30. Segall, Rebecca. Scene from a marriage (Focuses on an arranged Sikh marriage). Utne Reader, 93, May–Jun 1999, 69, 2/3p. Singh, I.J. Of mixed marriages: The many ways of mating. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Singh, I.J. The Sikh marriage (Anand Karaj). In his Sikhs and Sikhism: A view with a bias. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1997. Singh J. Sikh marriage in transition. Social Action, 18(3), 1968, 224–.

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Sonntag, Linda. Weddings (a chapter on Sikh tradition). Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 2001. 32p. Sujan Singh. Anand Karaj. Amrit Kirtan, 12, Feb 2000, 30–. Sujan Singh. Anand Karaj: The happy holy wedlock. Sikh Review, 42(10), Oct 1994, 42–43. Talwar, K.S. The Anand marriage act. Panjab Past and Present, 2(2), Oct 1968, 400–410. Uberoi, J.P.S., et al. Anand Karaj. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 120–26. Uberoi, Patricia. Family, kinship, and marriage in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993. 502p. The wedding ceremonies (two hearts). Video recording that focuses on the matrimonial practices of two religions born in India: Hinduism and Sikhism. Produced in association with Vision TV; producer/director, Joginder Kalsi. Don Mills, Ontario: Kalcine Enterprises, 1999. Wyon, J.B. Delayed marriage and prospects for fewer births in Punjab villages. Cambridge, Mass: Center for Population Studies, Harvard University, 1966, pp. 209–217.

14. Sikh Symbols & Identity Ajaib Singh. Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 24(43), 1975, 5. Ajaib Singh. Sikh symbols and their maintenance. Sikh Review, 3(10), 1955, 5–7. Ajaib Singh. What do the Sikh symbols signify? Sikh Review, 6(5), 1958, 11–14. Ajit Singh. Symbolism of the Khalsa. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 55–58. Barnett, Vida. Sikh artifacts teaching pack. (Bury): Articles of Faith, 1995. 16p. Bhagat Singh. Distinctive Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 55–52. Bhagat Singh. The Sikh symbols. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 57–64. Bhagat Singh. Sikhs and taboos. Sikh Review, 8(1), 1959, 32–37. Birender Kaur. The 5Ks not mere symbols. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1998, 17–23. Bombwall, K.R. Sikh identity, Akali Dal and federal policy. Economic and Political Weekly, 21(20), 17 May 1986. Chatrath, Balwant Singh. Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 2(50–51), 1952, 24. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Importance of Sikh symbols and form. Sikh Review, 2(7), 1954, 50–53. Culler, Jeame. Importance of Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 4(13), 1954, 26. Daljeet Singh. Sikhs and their ﬁve Kakkar. Sikh Review, 41(10), Sept 1991, 35–41. Dharmanant Singh. Philosophical interpretation of Sikh symbols. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(3), Jul–Sep 2003, 12–24. Also in Sikh Review, 12(12), 1964, 48–61. The ﬁve symbols of Sikh identiﬁcation. In R.N. Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. Vol. 5. Ganda Singh. Kalghi of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 11(13–14), 1961, 73. Grewal, Nau Nihal Singh. Nishan Sahib: The Sikh standard. Sikh Review, 43(6), Jun 1995, 37–38. Gurbachan Singh. Symbols and spirituality. Spokesman Weekly, 31(17), 11 Jan 1982, 4. Gurbachan Singh. Vital importance of Sikh symbols. Sikh Review, 11(4), 1963, 15–19. Gurcharan Singh. Nishan Sahib: The Sikh ﬂag. Sikh Review, 43(12), Dec 1995, 39–40. Gurbux Singh. Sikh relics in Eastern Bengal. Modern Review, 18(2), 1915, 197–98. Gurmukh Nihal Singh. The Sikh symbols. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 27–28. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Sikh insignia. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 147–48. Hanspal, Leela. Importance of Sikh symbols and forms. Sikh Review, 2(9), 1954, 38–41. Harbaksh Singh. Khanda and its meaning. Sikh Review, 17(185), 1968, 34–35. History of sacred relics of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 15(19), 1966, 5.

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Jianatha, Devinder Singh. Relics of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 47(8), Aug 1999, 49–53. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Baptism and symbols in Sikhism. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 25–26. Joginder Singh. Importance of Sikh symbols. Sikh Review, 13(14), 1965, 13–20. Kapur Singh. The ﬁve K’s. In Piar Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Parasaraparasna. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989, pp. 101–20. Kirpal Singh. Sikh symbols and conformism. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 6(1), Jan–Mar 2004, 25–29. Kulraj Singh. Rationale of the ﬁve K’s. Sikh Review, 44(2), Feb 1996, 29–36. Kulraj Singh. The Sikh symbols. Sikh Review, 41(5), May 1993, 17–24. Kulwant Singh. Locating two missing sacred swords of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Apr–Jun 2002, 88–92. Madanjit Kaur. The creation of the Khalsa and prescribing of the Sikhism. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 195–213. Manohar Singh. Importance of Sikh symbols and forms. Sikh Review, 2(8), 1954, 48–51. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sikh Rehat Maryada and Sikh symbols. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 174–94. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Symbols of the Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 19(31), 1970, 19–20. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Symbols of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 36(46), 27 July 1987, 4. Mohinder Singh. Forms and symbols in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 164–71. Mohinder Singh. Relics of the tenth master. In Amrik Singh and Nalini Menon, Eds. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 114–27. Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000. 178p. Nahar Singh. Some document regarding sacred Sikh relics in England. Panjab Past and Present, 8(2), Oct 1974, 287–315. Navjot Kaur. The ﬁve K’s. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 62–71. Neki, J.S. The ﬁve Sikh symbols. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 85–88. Parminder Singh. Five symbols of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 38–41. Pashaura Singh. Formulation of the convention of the ﬁve Ks: A focus on the evolution of Khalsa Rahit. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 6(2), Jul–Dec 1999, 155–70. Preetam Singh. Importance of Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 10(14), 1960, 51–52. Raghbir Singh. Place of ﬁve symbols in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 13(33), 1964, 25–26. Sardul Singh. Importance of Sikh symbols. Sikh Review, 9(5), 1961, 5–10. Sarna, Jasbir Singh. Relics of historical signiﬁcance. Sikh Review, 43(10), Oct 1995, 19–20. Shamsher Singh. Sikh symbols. Spokesman Weekly, 31(30), Baisakhi Number 1982, 31–32.

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Shani, Giorgio. The construction of a Sikh national identity. South Asia Research (London), 20(1), Spr 2000, 1–17. Sher Singh. Thoughts on forms and symbols in Sikhism. Lahore: Mercantile Press, 1927. 89p. Signiﬁcance of the iron bracelet: Kara. In Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001, pp. 241–44. Signs and symbols. In Jon Mayled: Sikhism. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 2003. The Sikh drawer. Kachh, symbol of continence and restraint. In Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001, 245–50. Singh, I.J. The symbols of a heritage. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 89–94. Singh, K. The Sikh symbols. Sikh Review, 25 (280), Apr 1977, 9–16. Sohi, Baljinder Kaur. Misgivings about identiﬁcation mark of Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 38(86), Aut–Win, 1998, 3–32. Suri, Paropkar Singh. Rational basis of Sikh symbols. Calcutta: The author, 1957. Surinder Singh. Iron ring. Sikh Review, 13(14), 1965, 28–31. Teja Singh. Forms and symbols. In Sikhism: Its ideals and institutions. Calcutta: Orient Longman, 1951, pp. 30–35. Teja Singh. Forms and symbols. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 86–90. Teja Singh. Forms and symbols in Sikhism. Amritsar: Sikh Tracts Society, n.d. Teja Singh. The Sikh symbols. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 15–18. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1994, 9–13. Uberoi, J.P.S. The ﬁve symbols of Sikhism. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 65–76. Uberoi, J.P.S. The ﬁve symbols of Sikhism. In Fauja Singh et al., Eds. Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969, pp. 123–38. Uberoi, J.P.S. Five symbols of Sikh identity. In T.N. Madan, Ed. Religion in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 320–33. Vains, J.S. Sikh symbols and their future. Sikh Review, 25(281), May 1977, 28–30. Wylam, P.M. Five K’s. Sikh Review, 11(1), 1963, 48–49; and 17(185), 1968, 19–22. Wylam, P.M. Spiritual meaning of Amrit and symbols. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 14–18. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 27–28.

14.1. Sikh Identity Adiraju, V.R. Sikhs and India: Identity crisis. Hyderabad: Book Link, 1991. 416p. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Identity crisis in religious faiths and communities. Journal of Sikh Studies, 12(1), Feb 1985, 8–9.

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Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Problems of Sikh identity on the conceptual level. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 117–20. Avtar Singh. Sikh identity and continuity. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 163–73. Ashok Singh. Sikhism is an independent religion: Separate identity of Sikhs must be accepted. Spokesman Weekly, 31(38), 7 Jun 1982, 8. Bachittar Singh (Giani). Implications of Hindu law vis-`a-vis the Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 40–45. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh identity question: A view from Eastern India. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 195–216. Barrier, N. Gerald. Issues of Sikh identity. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and Change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 23–32. Barrier, N. Gerald. Sikh identity in historical and contemporary perspective. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and Change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 33–56. Barrier, N. Gerald. Tradition and Sikh identity in the modern world. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 2(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 103–112. Basra, Amrit Kaur. Punjab press and the Golden Temple controversy (1905): An issue of Sikh identity. Social Scientist, (275–77), Apr–June 1996, 23–40. Bawa, Ujagar Singh. The Sikh form: Sikh identity in the contemporary world. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1997, 5–17. Also in Sikh Review, 48(4), Apr 2000, 82–92. Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Sikh identity and Sikh ideology. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 61–74. Also in Sikh Review, 44(3), Mar 1996, 20–27. Bimbrahw, J.R. The Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 17–20. Caton, Brian P. Sikh identity formation and British rule ideal, 1880–1930. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 175–94. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Projecting the Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 44(4), Apr 1996, 45–49. Daljeet Singh. The Sikh identity. In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 105–115. Daljeet Singh. The Sikh world view: Its ideological identity. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 14–41. Daljeet Singh. Sikhism: Its identity. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1991, 1–19. Dasgupta, R.K. The Sikh identity: A new voice in religious history. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 42–44. Deol, Jeevan. Eighteenth century Khalsa identity: Discourse, praxis and narrative. In Christopher Shackle et al., Eds. Sikh religion, culture and ethnicity. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001, 25–46.

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Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Formation of early Sikh identity. Journal of Regional History, 3, 1995, 1–10. Also in Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 75–84. Dhillon, G.S. Problem of Sikh identity. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 21–43. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh Identity: A continuing feature. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 113–33. Also in Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 226–46. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Sikh struggle for entity and identity. Sikhs Past and Present, 2(1), Spr 1992, 69–104. Dusenbery, Verne A. Nation or world religion?: Master narratives of Sikh identity. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 127–46. Gupta, Dipankar. Ethnic images and their co-relative spaces: An essay on some aspects of Sikh identity and perceptions in contemporary Punjab. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 26(2), 1992, 223–44. Gupta, V.K. Sikh identity: From collective mobilization to institutionalisation. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 11–20. Also in Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 42–49. Gurbhagat Singh. The Sikh identity and Sikh institutions. Journal of Religious Studies, 29(2), Aut 1998, 79–84. Gurdip Singh. Imperatives of the Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 4–5. Gurmit Singh. A matter of identity. Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Gurtej Singh. Sikh identity in the context of resurgent modern India. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1996, 68–89. Indarjit Singh. Deﬁnition of Sikh identity. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1989, 25–26. Jabbi, M.K. Development of religious identity and prejudice in Sikh children. Social Change, 12(4), 1982, 20. Jain, Sushil. Sikh identity: Continuity & change. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 56–59. Jakobsh, Doris R. Constructing Sikh identities: Authorities, virtual and imagined. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 10(1–2), Jan–Dec 2003, 127–42. Jaspal Singh. New challenge to Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 49(9), Sept 2001, 4–42. Jodhka, Surinder Singh. Making of the cultural difference: Identity formation among the Sikhs in Punjab. In Kushal Deb, Ed. Mapping multiculturalism. Jaipur: Rawat, 2002. Jodhka, Surinder Singh. Sikh identity in a historical perspective. In M. Ramakrishnayya, Ed. Historical memories and nation building in India. Hyderabad, 2001. Kapur Singh. Spiritual goal and Sikh identity. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1999, 13– 15. Massey, James. The Punjab issue: An analysis with special reference to Sikh identity. In A. Pushparajan, Ed. Challenges to religious pluralism. Madurai: Commission for Dialogue, 1994.

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Massey, James. Sikh identity in the context of Punjab issue. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 112–30. McLeod, W.H. Exploring Sikhism: Aspects of Sikh identity culture and thought. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. 288p. McLeod, W.H. The Sikhs: Crisis and identity in a religious tradition. Harvard Division Bulletin, 17, May 1987, 7–9. McLeod, W.H. Who is a Sikh?: The problem of Sikh identity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Reprinted: New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003. Mishra, K.S. The Sikh: A distinct identity. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 31–33. Pashaura Singh. Early markers of Sikh identity: A focus on the works of ﬁrst ﬁve Gurus. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and Change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 69–92. Pashaura Singh. Sikh identity in the light of history. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikhism and history. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and Change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999. 395p. Puri, Balraj. Sikh Identity, Punjab identity and Akali unity. Janata, 44(15), 11 Jun 1989, 7–8. Rahi, M.S. Sikh identity and constitution of India: A case for reviewing the constitution. Sikh Review, 48(9), Sep 2000, 31–37. Rajinder Kaur. Sikh identity and national integration. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1992. 158p. Ravinder Kaur. Sikh identity: Issues and developments. Indian Social Science Review, 2(1), 2000, 193. Satindra Singh. Sikh identity. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 174–80. Shani, Giorgio. The construction of a Sikh national identity. South Asian Research, 20(1), Spr 2000, 1–18. Sharma, Arvind. The Sikh crisis in India: A question of identity. In Anson Shupe and Jeffrey K. Hadden, Eds. The politics of religion and social change. New York: Paragon House, 1988. The Sikh identity in not negotiable. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 4–5. Singh, G.P. The Sikh identity. Sikh Review, 51(6), Jun 2003, 48–49. Singh, I.J. Power of uniform and ethics of identity. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 32–34. Singh, P. Historical perspectives on Sikh identity. Jnl Am Oriental Soc, 120(3), 2000, 466– 68. Tambiah, Stanley. Sikh identity, separatism and ethnic conﬂict. In Leveling Crowds. New Delhi: Vistaar, 1997. Tiwari, V.N. Approaching the problem of Sikh identity. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 10–.

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14.2. Sikh Hair (Kesh) Alag, Sarup Singh. Hair power. Ludhiana: The author, 1997. 224p. Ed.3. Amarjit Singh. Hair and the Sikhs: A dialogue. Sikh Review, 21(233), Apr 1973, 44–52. Ardaman Singh. Importance of hair in Sikh religion. Spokesman Weekly, 37(34), 23 May 1988, 4. Ardaman Singh. Legend of the living hair. Sikh Review, 40(4), Apr 1992, 27–29. Aurora, Balbir Singh. Don’t we need facial hair? Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1998, 56–59. Bains, Santokh Singh. Signiﬁcance of the Keshas. Spokesman Weekly, 20(1), 1970, 59–62. Battle of Keshas. Sikh Review, 30(346) Oct 1982, 39–48. Baveja, Man Mohan Singh. The Sikh discipline and the Kesh. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 61–62. Bawa, Harkrishan Singh. Importance of Kesh. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 27–28. Bawa, Harkrishan Singh. Value of Keshas. Spokesman Weekly, 26(8), 1976, 52. Bhag Singh. Back to Keshas. Sikh Review, 32(364), 1984, 55–58. Bhagat Singh. Keshas: The sacred symbols of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 5(4), Apr 1957, 21–31. Birender Kaur. Do we need facial hair? In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 171–76. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1997, 34–39. Birender Kaur. Hail hair. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1998. 47p. Birender Kaur. Human hair: A biological necessity. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 166–70. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1997, 29–33. Chanda Singh. Hair for all. Sikh Review, 28(314), Feb–Mar 1980, 33–36. Chanda Singh. Hair and health. Kot Kapura: Human Hair Research Institute, 1956. Chanda Singh. Human hair. Kot Kapura: Human Hair Research Institute, 1954. Chanda Singh. Human hair and humanity. Sikh Review, 24(269), May 1976, 37–43. Chanda Singh. Human hair: Factory of vital energy. Amrtisar: SGPC, 1956. 16p. Chanda Singh. Nutritional role of human hair. Spokesman Weekly, 29(36), 5 May 1980, 4. Chanda Singh. Role of hair for human well-being. Sikh Review, 16(177), Apr 1968, 32–40. Dalip Singh. Kesh: Our crowning glory. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 62–64. Diwan Singh. Keshas: Long hair. In his The highway of Sikhism. Chandigarh: People Publishing House, 1996, pp. 47–56. Ganda Singh. Hair and turban: Their importance for the Sikhs. Panjab Past and Present, 16(1), Apr 1982, 201–207.

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Ganda Singh. Importance of hair and turban to the Sikhs. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 125–30. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1994, 27–33. Gurbachan Singh. Keshas: The crown of glory. Spokesman Weekly, 29(16–17), 1979, 21. Gurdial Singh. Hair and turban. Ludhiana: Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Educational Trust, n.d. The hair, the comb and the turban of the Sikhs. In Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001, pp. 217–30. Hari Singh. Hairs are as essential as arteries. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 49–54. Jyotsna Singh. Hair: Your crowning glory. Sikh Review, 42(7), Jul 1994, 44–45. Karam Singh. Sikhism and Kes. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1997, 20–22. Kapur Singh. The blessed fort of the uncut hair. In Piar Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Parasaraparasna. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989, pp. 73–85. Kirpal Singh. The Sikh symbols (Kesh-hair). Gravesend: Sikh Missionary Society of U.K., 1971. 18p. Kundan Singh. Importance of human hair. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 58–68. Narula, N., et al., Deceptively well kept beard—seeks attention. Anesthesia, 57(8), Aug 2002, 822. Navneet Singh. Why Kesh is important. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 65–66. Now battle for Keshas. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 48–52. Preetam Singh. Keshas or no Keshas. Sikh Review, 5(6), 1957, 38–42. Puri, H.S. Why Keshas? Sikh Review, 18(198), Apr–May 1970, 11–13. Pushpinder Singh. The boy with long hair. Palo Alto, CA: Sikh Foundation, 1999. 23p. Rajinder Singh. They died for Keshas. Sikh Review, 12(12), 1964, 9–11. Sahib Singh. Shorning of the hair. Spokesman Weekly, 15(31–32), 191966, 27–30. Sarna, Jasbir Singh. Kesh: Nature’s mystical gift. Sikh Review, 43(11), Nov 1995, 29–33. Satbir Singh. Importance of Keshas. Sikh Review, 16(174), Jan 1968, 20–24. Sethi, Bahadur Singh. The hair and its importance. Sikh Review 50(7), Jul 2002, 63–64. Sher Singh Sher. Kesh: Indispensable symbol of Sikh identity. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 177–93. Singh, R.K. Signiﬁcance of male hair. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1999, 16–28. Stevenson, Frank P. Kesh: A link with occult power. Sikh Review, 43(8), Aug 1995, 25–27. Sudarshan Kaur. Importance of hair in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 16(179), Jun 1968, 32–33. Surjan Singh. The value of keeping hair. Sikh Review, 42(7), Jul 1994, 39–41. Surjit Singh. Kes and Dastar: Badges of honour for a Sikh. Sikh Review, 45(8), Aug 1997, 19–22. Winerip, Michael. The high cost of looking like an all-American guy. New York Times, 151(51913), 10/21/2001, A33, 0p. Wylam, P.M. Keshas in the West. Sikh Review, 17(185), Dec 1968, 23–27.

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14.3. Sikh Turban Aujla, A.K.S. Sikh turban v. uniform cap controversy. Sikh Review, 16, Apr 1967, 31–38. Chander Dev Singh. The turban on stamps. Nishaan, 2, 2003, 26–28. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. The Sikh turban and pseudo-scholars. Sikh Review, 42(5), May 1994, 51–55. Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Dastaar: The turban glory of Sikh. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 36–37. Ganda Singh. Importance of hair and turban. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 39–44. Haniffa, Aziz. Sikh soldier’s right to wear turban: A legal battle. International Journal of Humanities and Peace, 17(1), 2001. Heritage of the turban. In Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001, pp. 32–44. Kuldeep Singh. The essentiality of turban. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 52–56. Maini, Darshan Singh. In honour of the turban. Nishaan, 2, 2003, 13–25. McLeod, W.H. Sikhs and the turban. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 95–106. McLeod, W.H. The turban: Symbol of Sikhs identity. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 57–68. Rowland, F.J. Comparison of the impact protection properties of Sikh turbans and industrial safety helmets. Jnl Occup Accid, 9(1), 1987, 47–57. Sarjit Singh. The turban and the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 46–47. Sign of the yellow turban. Economist, 295, 20 April 1985, 42. Singh, I.J. Of turban, patkas and hats. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 67–71. Trilochan Singh. Turban and sword of the Sikhs. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, 45–56. Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs, essence of Sikhism: History and exposition of Sikh baptism, Sikh symbols, and moral code of the Sikh’s rehitnamas. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001. 2nd Ed. 526p.

14.4. Kirpan (Sword) Dalip Singh. Signiﬁcance of the Kirpan or sword. Sikh Review, 5(12), 1957, 9–24. Gurmukh Singh. Kirpan: Its true import & signiﬁcance. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 33–34. Harnam Dass. Philosophy of the sword. Sikh Review, 3(3), 1955, 22–32. Heritage of the sword. In Trilochan Singh. The turban and the sword of the Sikhs: Essence of Sikhism. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001, pp. 45–54. Khazan Singh. Role in the Kirpan struggle. New Delhi: Manjit Singh, 1975. Khushdeva Singh. Miracle of sword. Spokesman Weekly, 20(31), 1971, 19–20.

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15. Sikh Education & Research Ahuja, Roshan Lal. Indigenous education in Punjab unto the annexation at the time of Sikhs. Chandigarh: Vee Vee Publishers, n.d. 65p. Ahuja, Roshan Lal. Indigenous education in Punjab until annexation with special reference to the time of Sikhs. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1959. Aman, Jaswant Singh. No reference to the Sikhs in the school textbooks being taught in Punjab schools. Spokesman Weekly, 2003, 30–32. Amrik Singh. Elements of the education policy: A Sikh perspective. Sikh Review, 49(7), Jul 2001, 28–32. Ashta, Sandeep. Condition and development of education in Punjab (1923–1939). Panjab Past and Present, 31(2), Oct 2000, 113–22. Avtar Singh. Khalsa College Amritsar: A plea for conservation. Sikh Review, 51(4), Apr 2003, 50–53. Bajwa, Kulwinder Singh. Sikh history research department at Khalsa College, Amritsar. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Baljit Kaur. Progress of literacy in the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 235–41. Baljit Kaur. Progress of literacy in Punjab. Patiala: Madaan Publications, 2003. 276p. Baljit Kaur. Sikh institutions: Their potential and contribution. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 159–68. Bandyopadhyaya, Santosh Kumar. Principles and policies for the reform of the Khalsa organisations. Sikh Review, 28(319), Jun 1980, 38–48; and 29(318), Aug 1981, 40–49. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh Studies in some Indian languages. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 53–54. Barrier, N. Gerald. Evolution of Punjab studies in North America. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 398–406. Barrier, N. Gerald, et al., An agenda for Sikh studies in the next decade. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Bhatia, Shyamala. Educational changes in the early twentieth century Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 33rd session, Mar 2001, 182–89. Bhugra, Satnam Singh. Sikh studies in North America: Retrospect & prospects. Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 29–34. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Overhauling of Sikh institutions. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Charan Singh and Darbara Singh. Work of the Sikh educational conference. Amritsar: The authors, 1944. 39p.

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Contributions of the Institute for Understanding Sikhism. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Baru Sahib: A school of spiritual splendour. Sikh Review, 43(5), May 1995, 44–46. Daljieet Singh. Issues in Sikh studies. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 16–32. Daljit Singh. Presidential speech at the Third Sikh Educational Conference, Amritsar. Amritsar: The Conference, n.d. 32p. Darshan Singh. Western studies of Sikhism: A critical examination. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. 328p. Dewan Singh. Khalsa College: Past and present. Panchbati Sandesh, 10(3), Jan 1988, 19–21. Dharam Singh. Sikh studies in India. Nishaan, 3, 2001, 51–53. Dhillon, D.S. The emergence of Sikh community. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 152–61. Dilbir Singh. Education, society and the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 22(242), Feb–Mar 1974, 51–53. Dunning, Stephen. The Sikh religion: An examination of some of the Western studies. In Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 250–77. Ganda Singh. Amritsar as a centre of education and the Khalsa College, Amritsar, 1897–1947. Panjab Past and Present, 15(1), Apr 1981, 169–87. Ganda Singh. History of the Khalsa College, Amritsar. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 1949. 145p. Gauba, A. Education in Amritsar under Sikh rule. Panjab Past and Present, 9(2), Oct 1975, 427–40. Gill, Gurbakhsh Singh. Are the Sikh chairs serving our interests? Sikh Review, 44(5), May 1996, 52–55. Gill, M.S. Agenda for research in Sikh demography. Sikh Review, 43(12), Dec 1995, 25–27. Glimpses of 49th all India Sikh educational conference. Amritsar: S. Dilbir Singh, 1968. 16p. Gopinder Kaur. Ways of seeing: A personal view on teaching Sikhism in Schools. Sikh Bulletin, 12, 1995, 27–32. Grewal, J.S. Faith as aspiration for Sikh studies. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(2), Aug 1997, 41–78. Grewal, J.S. Present state of Sikh studies. Batala: CISS, 1973. 16p. Grover, Des Raj. Development of primary education in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 255–59. Grover, I.S., et al., Eds. Guru Nanak Dev University: A proﬁle. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1994. 188p. Gurbakhsh Singh. Gurmat Prachar: The Sikh Missionary college way. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(3), Jul–Sep 2003, 87–89. Gurna, R.S. Development of education in Phulkari states. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 308–16.

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Gurna, R.S. Technical education in the Punjab: 1900–1947. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, March 1991, 304–312. Harbans Singh. Beginnings of modern Sikh education. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(1), Jul 1979, 24–39. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 8(1), Apr 1974, 127–44; and Sikh Review, 25(282), Jun 1977, 5–10. Harbans Singh. Problems and state of scholarly study in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 18(186), Jan 1969, 16–23. Harbans Singh. Scholarly study of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 22(244), Apr 1974, 40–48. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 237–49. Hardev Singh. History of Khalsa college, Amritsar. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(3), Jul–Sep 2003, 82–86. Harnam Singh. Imperative necessity of bread-earning education. Amritsar: Educational Conference, 1915. 8p. Hukam Singh. 40th Sikh Educational Conference: Presidential address. Delhi: General Printing Co., 1957. Indar Singh. Ideals of the Sikh Educational Conference. Amritsar: The Conference, 1914. 16p. Institute of Sikh Studies: An introduction. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 545–. Iqbal Singh. Sikh organisation. Sikh Review, 32(382), Oct 1985, 51–52. Jain, Sushil. Doctoral dissertations on Sikh studies abroad. Sikh Review, 42(1), Jan 1994, 26–31. Jain, Sushil. Doctoral dissertations on Sikh studies overseas. Sikh Review, 46(1), Jan 1998, 53–59. Jain, Sushil. Sikh studies overseas: Conference in 1994. Sikh Review, 43(3), Mar 1995, 51–53. Jakobsh, Doris R. Sikh studies: Where do we go from here? Sikh Review, 49(10), Oct 2001, 66–71. Jodh Singh. Some studies in Sikhism. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1953. 130p. Jogindra Singh. Presidential address delivered at the Second Sikh Educational Conference held at Lahore on the 10th and 11th April 1909. Lahore: The Conference, 1913. 38p. Kansal, M.R. Adult education in Punjab before independence. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, Nov 1976, 219–25. Kansal, M.R. Educational services in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 234–39. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh Vishwa Vidyalaya: Deﬁning objectives of proposed university. Sikh Review, 44(8), Aug 1996, 22–23. Kashmir Singh. History of the Khalsa College, Amritsar, 1892–1982. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Kashmir Singh. Sikh education, Khalsa College and the British. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 151–57.

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Mann, Jasbir Singh and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Mann, Jasbir Singh, et al., Eds. Invasion of religious boundaries: A critique of Harjot Oberoi’s work. Vancouver: Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society, 1995. 393p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Analytical method in Sikh studies. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Gaps in Sikh studies. Sikh Messenger, Win 1985–Spr 1986, 25–27. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. A handbook of Sikh studies. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1988. 210p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. An integrated methodology for appraisal of sources for Sikh studies. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 109–124. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Origin and development of Sikh studies. In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 127–35. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sikh studies in the United Kingdom. Sikh Review, 41(10), Sept 1991, 47–50. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Survey of Sikh studies: A global view. Sikh Bulletin, 2, 1985, 32–37. Mavi, N.S. Education of Sikh preachers. In R.P. Singh and Gopal Rana, Eds. Teacher education in turmoil: Quest for a solution. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2002, pp. 47–54. McLeod, W.H. Sikh studies: Present and future. Paper presented at the Conference on Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century. Department of South Asian Studies, University of Toronto, Feb 1987. Mehta, H.R. A history of the growth and development of Western education in the Punjab. Lahore: Punjab Government Printing Press, 1929. Mohinder Singh. Sikhs institutions at the turn of the century. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Narinder Singh. Sikh institutions and their contribution. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 131–43. Neki, Gurnek Singh. Sikh educational movement during the nineteenth century. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 50–52. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Recent Sikh scholarship. Religious Studies Review, 19, Jan 1993, 32–36. O’Connell, Joseph T. The fate of Sikh studies in North America. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. The transmission of Sikh heritage in the Diaspora. New Delhi: Manohar, 1996, pp. 269–88. Parkash Singh. Khalsa College, Amritsar. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 77–79. Pashaura Singh. Conference activities and Sikhs studies at Michigan. In Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Sikh identity: Continuity and change. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1999, pp. 13–22. Peace, M.L. Sikhs in the ﬁeld of education. Jullundur: The author, n.d. 26p.

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Puri, Gopal Singh. Giani Gurmukh Singh Musaﬁr: The poet, patriot, politician. Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 27–28. Raghubir Singh. Max Arthur Macauliffe on Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 102–105. Ram Dayal (Bhai). Life of Bhai Nand Lal Goya. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1923. Randhir Singh (Bhai). Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: Freedom ﬁghter, reformer theologian, saint and hero of Second Lahore Conspiracy Case, ﬁrst prisoner of Gurdwara Movement. Translated by Trilochan Singh. Ludhiana: The translator, 1972. 44p. Satyindra Singh. Kahn Singh of Nabha (1861–1938). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 409–410. Shagana Singh. Macauliffe’s view of about Guru Nanak’s meeting with Babar. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, Mar 1989, 129–33. Shan, Harnam Singh. Macauliffe’s contributions to Sikh studies. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1990, 7–11. Shan, Harnam Singh. Macauliffe and his contribution to Sikh studies. Sikh Courier, 32(74), Aut–Win 1992, 21–24. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 95–101. Soze, S.S. Bhai Mani Singh. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 429. Soze, S.S. Bawa Balwant. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 357. Surjit Kaur. Life dedicated to science and Sikhism: Bhai Harbans Lal. In her Amongst the Sikhs: Reaching for the stars. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2003, pp. 74–77. Surjit Kaur. S. Jodh Singh (1911–93): A daughter’s homage. Sikh Review, 43(10), Oct 1995, 62–64. Swaroop, Shanti. Sikh intellectuals: A rejoinder. In Abida Samiuddin, Ed. The Punjab Crisis: Challenge and response. Delhi: Mittal Publishers, 1985, 429–32. Talib, G.S. Bhai Nand Lal. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 195–96. Triolchan Singh. Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1996, 71–76. Trilochan Singh. Ernest Trumpp and W.H. McLeod as scholars of Sikh history, religion and culture. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994. 418p. Trilochan Singh. Portrait of Sardar Kapur Singh: Philosopher and scholar. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 3–4. Uppal, S.S. Ajaib Singh Kamal. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. New Delhi, Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 109–110.

16.1. Bhai Gurdas Bhai Gurdas. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 1: 223.

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Dhillon, Dalbir Singh and Baljinder Singh Cheema. Transformation of Sikhism in the words of Bhai Gurdas. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1986, 91–94. Ganda Singh. Life and work of Bhai Gurdas. Amritsar: The author, 1930. Grewal, J.S. The Sikh Panth in the Vars of Bhai Gurdas. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 26– 34. Hans, S.S. Bhai Gurdas. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 71–79. Jodh Singh. Varan Bhai Gurdas: Text, transliteration and translation. Patiala: Vision and Venture, 1990. 502p. Kamaljit Kaur. Society as depicted in the Vars of Bhai Gurdas. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 83–84. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Bhai Gurdas. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademy, 1987. Vol. 1: 428. Kuldip Singh. Bhai Gurdas: The key to history of Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 45(96), Aut–Win 2003– 04, 20–25. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Bhai Gurdas Ji: A great theologian. Sachkhand Patra, 12(6), Mar 1986, 9–15. Nayyar, G.S. and Dalji Kaur. Macauliffe on Bhai Gurdas. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Mar 1996, 117–19. Pritam Singh. Bhai Gurdas. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy, 1992. 86p. Rajinder Singh. Bhai Gurdas. Sikh Review, 25(283), Jul 1977, 31–34. Shant, Gurbaksh Singh. A critical study of waran Bhai Gurdas. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. Walia, Jasjit Singh. Bhai Gurdas: The legendry poet-savant. Sikh Review, 45(6), Jun 1997, 24–26.

16.2. Bhai Vir Singh Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Mysticism of the senses. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 177–82. Amrik Singh. Achievements of Bhai Vir Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 52–61. Anand, Balwant Singh. Genius of Bhai Vir Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 86–92. Anand, Mulk Raj. Bhai Vir Singh: The poet of human understanding. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 16–18. Anand, Mulk Raj. Encounter with Bhai Vir Singh. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Panjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 114–17. Anand, Mulk Raj. Man of rare dignity and sensibility. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 108–11.

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Anand, Mulk Raj. Proﬁle of Bhai Vir Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 78–85. Anand, Mulk Raj. Vision of Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 331–36. Attar Singh. Bhai Vir Singh (1872–1957). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 428–32. Attar Singh. Humanist element in Bhai Vir Singh poetry. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 153–63. Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 10–13; and 2(3), Dec 1980, 6–10. Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. Illustrated Weekly of India, 93(49), Dec 3, 1972, 21–25. Also in Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 33–39. Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s Shri Kalgidhar Chamatkar. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 309–12. Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s message. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(22), Oct 1979, 6–17. Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s ideal. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 16–17. Balbir Singh. Effort at a study of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 16–17. Balbir Singh. On Bhai Vir Singh. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 19–26. Bali, Rajinder Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh: Saint-poet-philosopher. Sikh Review, 48(12), Dec 2000, 27–29. Bedi, Tarlochan Singh. Origin and development of Punjabi prose up to Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 32–40. Bhai Vir Singh and his associates as seen by the British Indian police in 1911. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 337–41. Chaman Singh. Poet of my mother-tongue. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 40–. Chatterji, Jitendra Mohan. Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 274–82. Chopra, Hira Lal. Immortal Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, Sep 1956, 34–35. Croker, Franz Theodor. River of culture and leaning. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 25–. Darshan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s contribution to Punjabi literature. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(2), Apr–Jun 1991, 78–83. Datar Singh. He lives the life of his poetry. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 50–. Dewan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. A mystic poet. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Shatabadi Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Shatabdi Samiti, 1972, pp. 231–37. Dewan Singh. Mystic poet. Sikh Review, Oct, 1972, 65–69. Dewan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: A creative biographer. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 303– 08.

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Duggal, Kartar Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: A legend. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(1), Jun 1980, 26–29. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Vir Singh’s vision of India. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 14–16. Dulai, Surjit Singh. Divine droughts in earthen bowls: A content-oriented perspective on Bhai Vir Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 165–76. Ganda Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and his times. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 241–60. Gopal Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The poet of eternity. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 138–42. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: A perfect man. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 96–99. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: A literary portrait. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1985. 153p. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: As I knew him. Sikh Courier, Spr–Sum 2003, 11–17. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh. His life and works. Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 39–42. Guninder Kaur. A poetic statement by Bhai Vir Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 38(1), 10 Oct 1988, 27–30. Gurcharan Singh. Punjabi tract tradition and Bhai Vir Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 138–42. Gurmukh Nihal Singh. Tallest among men of letters. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954. Harbans Singh. Age of Bhai Vir Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Spr 1972, 1–5. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1972. 100p. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: His life and works. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 291–96. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The man and his impact. Indian Literature (New Delhi), 15(3), Sep 1972, 85–95. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan: Aims, objects & activities. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(1), Jun 1979, 8–9. Harbans Singh. Bhai Sahib’s conception of love. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 336–39. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh (Translated into French by Danielle Gill). Patiala: Punjabi University, 1973. 86p. Harbans Singh. Learned works of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 25(277), Jan 1977, 5–13. Harbans Singh. Life and works of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 5–10. Harbans Singh. Mystic world of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, Sep 1956, 11–15. Harbhajan Singh. Genius of Bhai Vir Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 308–11. Harbhajan Singh. Bhai Sahib Vir Singh: A sublime aesthete. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 75–80.

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Hari Singh. Founder of a new school of thought. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 345–46. Harkirat Singh. Language of Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 325–30. Harnam Dass. Glimpses of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(1), Jun 1982, 26–30. Inder Singh. Soul-inspiring personality. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 162–63. Jain, Banarsi Dass. His services shall always shine. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 51–. Jatinder Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh’s editing of Suraj Parkash. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(1), Feb 1996, 11–20. Jodh Singh. Bhai Vir Singh as I knew him. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 268–70. Jodh Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and the Sikh reform movement. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sep 1979, 14–16. Also in Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 20–24. Joginder Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and the Singh Sabha movement. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 124–29. Kanwar Sain. Premier poet of the Punjab. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 303–07. Khanna, Nand Lal. His poetry is happy synthesis of different strains. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954. Khushwant Singh. Dr. Bhai Vir Singh: A multi-faceted personality. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(1), Jun 1979, 6–7. Kirpal Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The father of modern Punjabi. Spokesman Weekly, 11 Dec 1972, 13. Kirpal Singh. Historical signiﬁcance of Sundari, Bijay Singh and Satwant Kaur. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 313–20. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 35–43. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Concept of Yoga in Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 87–89. Maini, Darshan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. In Amresh Datta, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademy, 1987. Vol. 1: 429. Maini, Darshan Singh. Portrait of a poet. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and work. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 93–101. Malik, Hardit Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: A rare personality. Spokesman Weekly, 33(14), 5 Dec 1983, 12. Malik, Hardit Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s spiritual inﬂuence and magical touch. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 11–12. Morgenstierne, George. Great interpreter of the Punjab. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954. Nishiyama, Tasutomu. Great poet of modern India. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954.

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Parkash Singh. Historical romances of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 46–56. Parkash Singh. Continuing inﬂuence of Bhai Vir Singh. Amritsar: Singh Brothers, 1972. 100p. Pasricha, Ghansham Singh. Punjabi Shakespeare. Spokesman Weekly, 11 Dec 1972, 3. Petrie, D. Bhai Vir Singh and his associates as seen by British Indian police in 1911. Panjab Past and Present, Oct. 1972, 337–41. Piar Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s devotional song. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 321–24. Puran Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 266–67. Puran Singh. Disciple poetry in his spirit of oriental poetry (1926). Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 105p. 2nd Ed. Puri, Gopal Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The poet saint of Punjab. Spokesman Weekly, 35(15), 9 Dec 1985, 6–7. Rajwant Singh and Navneet Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh, 1877–1957: A select bibliography. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(1), Apr 1987, 187–209. Safeer, Pritam Singh. His poetry has a pious mission. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 45–46. Sandhu, Jatinder. Bhai Vir Singh and his times. Journal of Regional History, 5, 1997–98, 41–56. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The father of modern Punjabi prose. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 115–21. Taran Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: An interpreter of Sikhism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Jun 1981, 33–36. Taran Singh. Interpreter of Sikhism. Sikh Review, Sep 1956, 16–22. Taran Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s concept of poetry. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 81–86. Tiwari, V.N., et al., Eds. Bhai Vir Singh Sandharbh-kosh (Bibliography on Bhai Vir Singh). Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1974. 220p. Wylam, Pamela. Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, Oct 1972, 263. 16.2.1. Poetical Works Ahuja, R.L. Mere Saiyan Jeo (My Dear Lord). Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 30–31. Ahuja, R.L. Bhai Vir Singh: Poetry of mysticism and optimism. Spokesman Weekly, 34(36), 10 Jun, 1985. Guleria, J.S. Poetry of Dr. Bhai Vir Singh. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 290–98. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 73–79. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: A gifted poet. Spokesman Weekly, 32(14), 6 Dec 1982. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 32(41), 13 Jun 1983. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: Poet of divine splendour. Spokesman Weekly, 32(41), 13 Jun 1983.

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Guleria, J.S. Poetry of Dr. Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 9–12. Guninder Kaur. Sikh existentialism: A poetic restatement by Bhai Vir Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Dec 1987, 64–79. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The poet of hope and faith. Sikh Review, 22(252), Dec 1974, 18–20. Herbert, Jean. Greatest mystic poet. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 21–22. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The versatile poet. Spokesman Weekly, 11 Dec 1972, 15–16. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Mysticism in Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 13–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Nature poetry of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(1), Jun 1982, 13–17. Also in Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 90–94. Piara Singh. Aspect of Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry: Form of the formless. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 6(1), Jun 1984, 20–22. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry. Bharat Journal of Comparative Literature, 1(1), 1985, 1–18. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry: General characteristics and historical background. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(3), Dec 1983, 12–13. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Poet and savant. Sikh Review, 27(302), Feb 1979, 35–38. Talib, Gurbachan Singh and Harbans Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Poet of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1976. 155p. Vir Singh (Bhai). Nargas. Translated into English by Puran Singh. London: Dent, 1924. 104p. Vir Singh (Bhai). Mohana and Sohana. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(1), Jul 1984, 19–26. 16.2.2. Rana Surat Singh Harbans Singh. Fragments from Rana Surat Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 5(3), Jan 1983, 15–24. Harbans Singh. Rana Surat Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 51–58. Madan, Mohan Singh. Rana Surat Singh: A mystic epic. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 276–82. Prakash Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s epic Rana Surat Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sep 1979, 40–42. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 11 Dec 1972, 17–18. Raminder Singh. Rana Surat Singh in world literature. Sikh Review, 20, Oct 1972, 57–62. Sandhu, Bhagwan Singh. Rana Surat Singh as a spiritual epic: Importance in Sikh religious literature. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(3), Dec 1983, 14–16.

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Sandhu, Gulzar Singh. Rana Surat Singh: An epic of nation’s fall. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 183–88. Shackle, Christopher. A Sikh spiritual classic: Vir Singh’s Rana Surat Singh. In Rupert Snell and I.M.P. Raeside, Eds. Classics of modern South Asian literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1998. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Resolution of the conﬂict in Rana Surat Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 6(1), Jun 1984, 8–14. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s, the epic of Rana Surat Singh. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1986. 168p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Rana Surat Singh as an allegorical epic. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 101–14. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(2), Apr–Jun 1991, 53–68. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Some signiﬁcant features of Bhai Vir Singh’s epic Rana Surat Singh. In Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 122–28. Teja Singh. Rana Surat Singh. Sikh Review, Sep 1956, 23–25. 16.2.3. Prose Balbir Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s Kalgidhar Chamatkar. Panchbati Sandesh, 6(2), Oct 1983, 5–7. Jagjit Kaur. Study of archetypes of Bhai Vir Singh’s novel. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1983. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Father of modern Punjabi prose. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(1), Jun 1982, 12. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(14), Dec 1982. Oberoi, H.S. Social basis of Bhai Vir Singh’s early Punjabi novels. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 59–67. 16.2.4. As an Historian Bhagat Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s interest in the Punjab history. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 297–302. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 11(1), Jan–Jun 1992, 68–72. Ganda Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and the history of the Sikhs. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 477–81. Ganda Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and Sikh history. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(4), Mar 1983, 9–10. Ganda Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Historian with vision. Spokesman Weekly, 35(41), 9 Jun 1986. Also in J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi. Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 119–23. Ganda Singh. Scholar of history. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 252–54.

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Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: Poet, mystic and historian. Spokesman Weekly, 30(41), 8 Jun 1987, 7. Kirpal Singh. Sikh historiography during early twentieth century: Giani Gian Singh, Bhai Karam Singh and Bhai Vir Singh: A comparative study. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 28–34. Prakash Singh. Bhai Vir Singh as a historian. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), mar 1980, 24–31. 16.2.5. Appraisal Bhattacharjee, M.M. Mysticism of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 25(282), Jun 1977, 24–31. Chopra, Harinder Singh and Surjit Hans. The editing of Panth Parkash by Bhai Vir Singh. Punjab Journal of Politics, 12(1), Jan–Jun 1988, 51–62. Das, J.D. Bhai Vir Singh: An estimate. Sikh Review, 25(282), Jun 1979, 49–50. Davender Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry: A formalistic study. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1982. Gopal Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: An appreciation. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Jun 1981, 27–30. Guleria, J.S. Look at the work of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 21–24. Guleria, J.S. Concept of man in Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 7–12. Guleria, J.S. The Tagore in Punjab. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 93–98. Gurbaksh Singh. Dedicated and devoted writer Bhai Sahib Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(3), Dec 1983, 43–46. Harbans Singh. Look at the work of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 21–24. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Mystic and sage. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 43–46. Harbans Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: The man and his impact. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(3) Dec 1982, 16–20. Harbans Singh. Sikh poetic and mystic Bhai Vir Singh: His times and milieu. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 25–30. Hari Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: A votary to social change. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(2), Sep 1982, 16–17. Harinder Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s editing of Panth Prakash by Rattan Singh Bhanghu. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1990. 728p. Harpreet Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh tradition in Punjabi poetry: A critical study. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1988. Inderjit Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: An assessment. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding 1(3), Dec 1979, 17–20.

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Jodh Singh. Bhai Vir Singh’s criticism of the ‘Durga Puja’: Story relating to Guru Gobind Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 17–23. Also in Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 105–14. Khan, Abdul Majid. Poet of cosmic vision. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 19–21. Khosla, G.S. Bhai Vir Singh: An analytical study. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1984. 198p. Khosla, G.S. Dramatic element in Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(3), Dec 1983, 21–24. Also in Gurbachan Singh Talib and Attar Singh, Eds. Bhai Vir Singh: Life, times and works. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1973, pp. 129–37. Khushwant Singh. Poetic genius: Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 13–15. Kohli, Mohinder Paul. Bhai Vir Singh: Inﬂuence of the West on Punjabi literature. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1956. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Mysticism in Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(2), Sep 1982, 11–15. Matringe, Denis. Punjabi lyricism and Sikh reformism: Bhai Vir Singh’s poetry in the 1920s. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 2(2), Jul–Dec 1995, 155–74. Mohan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh. Doyen of modern Punjabi and symbol of love and compassion. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(4), Mar 1984, 8–10. Mohan Singh. Dr. Bhai Vir Singh: An appreciation. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(1), Jul 1979, 56–59. Neki, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh and Sikh psyche. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(4), Oct–Dec 1990, 82–89. Objective assessment of Bhai Vir Singh. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 36–47. Prakash Singh. Bhai Vir Singh and Wordsworth. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(3), Dec 1983, 19–20. Prakash Singh. Continuing inﬂuence of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(3), Dec 1982, 21–28. Roberts, R.A. Great man and great poet. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 63–64. Sandhu, Jatinder Kaur. Bhai Vir Singh’s editing of Suraj Parkash by Santokh Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 181p. Sharma, Kedar Nath. Creative genius. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 168–74. Sobti, Harcharan Singh. The Sikh psyche: A study of the ﬁctional writings of Bhai Vir Singh. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 1990. 170p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: An unparallel scholarship. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 31. Trilochan Singh. Genius of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 25–29.

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Vasudeva, Gurcharan Singh. A comparative study of mysticism in the poetry of Walt Whitman and Bhai Vir Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1995. 16.2.6. Tributes Bali, Rajinder. Saint-philosopher Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 19–20. Bhag Singh. Tribute paid on the death of Bhai Vir Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Shatabadi Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh. Shatabdi Samiti, 1972, pp. 88–. Dhillon, Gurdial Singh. Tribute paid on the death of Bhai Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Shatabadi Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh. Shatabdi Samiti, 1972. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: A respectful tribute. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 317–20. Guleria, J.S. Bhai Vir Singh: A respectful homage. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(1), Jun 1983, 9–11. Kairon, Pratap Singh. Tribute paid on the death of Bhai Vir Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Shatabadi Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh. Shatabdi Samiti, 1972. Malik, Hardit Singh. Tribute to Bhai Vir Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 6(2), Oct 1972, 271–73. Rajgopalachari, C. Pious homage. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Ahbinandan Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Abhinandan Samiti, 1954, pp. 4–. Reddy, Neelam Sanjiva. Bhai Vir Singh was not an individual but an institution. In J.S. Guleria, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh: The sixth river of Punjab. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1984, pp. 16–18. Sarna, Mahinder Singh. On the passing away of Bhai Vir Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(1), Jun 1980, 12. Tandan, Balramji Dass. Tribute paid on the death of Bhai Vir Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Shatabadi Granth. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh. Shatabadi Samiti, 1972.

16.3. Dr. Balbir Singh Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: A proﬁle. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(2), 15 Sept 1980, 7–10. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: A tribute and assessment. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(2), Oct 1984, 6–12. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: A respectful tribute. Panchbati Sandesh, 5(2), Oct 1982, 24–26. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: The man and his mission. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(2), Oct 1981, 11–18. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 1–6. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: A tribute. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(2), Oct 1979, 18–22. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 8(2), Oct 1985, 9–12. Guleria, J.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: A writer of supreme craftsmanship. Spokesman Weekly, 30(6), 6 Oct 1980, 70. Sarna, M.S. Dr. Balbir Singh: An appraisal. Panchbati Sandesh, 5(2), Oct 1982, 5–6.

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Saxena, K.P. Dr. Balbir Singh: His life and work. Panchbati Sandesh, Oct–Dec 1998, 6–10. Shiv Naubh Singh. Glimpses of Dr. Balbir Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(2), Oct 1981, 39–47. Sudershan, R.R. Latent artist (Dr. Balbir Singh). Panchbati Sandesh, 7(2), Oct 1984, 32–34. Trilochan Singh. Dr. Balbir Singh: Philosopher and lexicographer. Sikh Review, 23(262), Oct 1975, 25–29.

16.4. Puran Singh Attar Singh. Humanistic vision of Puran Singh. Bharati Journal of Comparative Literature, 1(1), 1986, 19–26. Balbir Singh. Puran Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(1), Jul 1979, 5–18. Balbir Singh. Puran Singh. Sikh Review, 20(220), Mar 1972, 3–16. Basant Kumari Singh. Reminiscences of Puran Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. 78p. Dharam Singh. Professor Puran Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 409–410. Also in Sikh Courier, 38(85), Spr–Sum 1998, 32–34. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Puran Singh writes in English. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 473–83. Dulai, Surjit Singh. Critical ecstasy: The modern poetry of Puran Singh. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 155–71. Harpreet Kaur. Puran Singh’s interpretation of Sikhism: Nature and context. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1995. 200p. Kohli, Mohinder Pal. Puran Singh: The poet of resurrection. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 23(1), Jul 2000, 27–30; and 4(1) Jul 1981, 12–15. Maini, Darshan Singh. The mystical kinship between Puran Singh & Walt Whitman. Sikh Review, 37(2), Feb 1989, 26–32. Mohan Singh. Prof. Puran Singh: Poet and mystic. Spokesman Weekly, 32(24), 14 Feb 1983, 5. Naveen, Navtej Singh. Puran Singh: Poet of emotions. Sikh Review, 19(210), May 1971, 13–15. Puni, Amrik Singh. Poetry of Puran Singh: A study. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1976. Raminder Singh. Puran Singh: The man. Sikh Review, 20(223), Jun 1972, 22–28. Sant Singh. Professor Puran Singh: Flower of Indian renaissance. Spokesman Weekly, 30(26), 23 Feb 1981, 2. Shiv Naubh Singh. Glimpses of Puran Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, 3(4), Apr 1981, 8–15. Virk, H.S. Puran Singh’s concept of Khalsa democracy. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 17–18.

16.5. Bhai Jodh Singh Darbara Singh. Principal Jodh Singh: An educator. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 241–42. Ganda Singh, Ed. Bhai Jodh Singh Abhinandan Granth. Patiala, 1962.

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Harbans Singh. Bhai Jodh Singh: Man and his impact. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 337–342. Also in Sikh Review, 30(344), Aug 1982, 37–40. Jasbir Kaur. Philosophy of Sikhism as expounded by Bhai Jodh Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 47–55. Kirpal Singh. Bhai Jodh Singh and Khalsa College Amritsar. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 243–49. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Bhai Jodh Singh (1882–1981). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 394–95. Sahni, M.S. Bhai Jodh Singh and Simon Commission. Panjab Past and Present, 16(2), Oct 1982, 250–62. Wazir Singh. Bhai Jodh Singh: A leader interpreter of Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 118–26. Wazir Singh. Bhai Jodh Singh’s contribution to Sikh theology. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1985, 77–84.

16.6. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid Abnash Kaur. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 29–30. Abnash Kaur. Contribution of Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid to the development of Punjabi. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. Abnash Kaur. Religious and moral philosophy in Mohan Singh Vaid’s writings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 140–44. Amole, S.S. Great soul: Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. Spokesman Weekly, 32(5), 4 Oct, 1982, 8–9. Ardaman Singh. Modern Punjabi literature and contribution of Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. Sikh Review, 47(5), May 1999, 67–71. Ardaman Singh and Nirvikar Singh. Old culture, new knowledge: The writings of Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 172–80. Bansal, Sunita. A comparative study of the poetry of Nissim Ezekiel and Prof Mohan Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1996. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid: His contribution to Punjabi life and literature. Spokesman Weekly, 33(5), 3 Oct 1983. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid: Father of modern Punjabi prose. Spokesman Weekly, 35(44), 30 Jun 1986, 8. Jaggi, Ratan Singh. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid: The versatile personality. Spokesman Weekly, 32(27), 28 Feb 1983, 8. Jaggi, Ratan Singh. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid: The most versatile Sikh personality of our times. Spokesman Weekly, 36(29), 30 Mar 1987, 5. Nirvikar Singh. The writings of Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. Sikh Review, 41(3), Mar 1993, 23–27. Phul, Gurdial Singh. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid: The most versatile personality. Spokesman Weekly, 38(1), 10 Oct 1988, 31.

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Uppal, Dalip Singh. Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 118–19.

16.7. Dr. Ganda Singh Aggarwal, J.N. Dr. Ganda Singh: Life and works. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 6–8. Ahluwalia, M.L. Dr. Ganda Singh’s contribution to the Punjab state archives. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 50–55. Banerjee, Himadri. Dr. Ganda Singh: A scholar extraordinary. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 29–33. Bhagat Singh. Dr. Ganda Singh’s search for source material. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 16–25. Bhatia, Virinder Singh. Dr. Ganda Singh: A historian of Banda Singh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 25(2), Oct 1991, 87–95. Dharam Singh. Ganda Singh: Historian of the Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 34(78), Aut–Win, 1994, 30–31. Deepinder Kaur. Dr. Ganda Singh: My grandfather. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 222–32. Gupta, Shiv K. Dr. Ganda Singh’s perspective of history and historical research. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 197–209. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Ganda Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 46–48. Harbans Singh. Dr. Ganda Singh: A brief life sketch. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 1–5. Harbans Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, Eds. Essays in honour of Dr Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 511p. Kirpal Singh. Dr. Ganda Singh’ historical contribution to Khalsa College, Amritsar. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 26–28. Navtej Singh. Dr. Ganda Singh on the Panjab Akhbars. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 65–70. Nayyar, G.S. Selected works of Dr. Ganda Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 34–38. Nazar Singh. Our national historian: Dr. Ganda Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 80–83. Sharma, J.K. Ganda Singh as a historian of Banda Singh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 71–79. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Chronology of Dr. Ganda Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 219–22. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Dr. Ganda Singh as disposer of historical controversies. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 6–8.

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Verma, Devinder Kumar. Select works of Dr. Ganda Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 210–18. Verma, Devinder Kumar and Jasmer Singh. A bibliography of Dr. Ganda Singh. Rajpura: Aman Publishing House, 1989. 94p. Walia, J.M. Dr. Ganda Singh: A biographer. Panjab Past and Present, 22(2), Oct 1988, 56–64. Walia, Jagjiwan Mohan and Harpreet Kaur. Dr. Ganda Singh as an editor. Panjab Past and Present, 27(2), Oct 1993, 29–40.

16.8. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia Dhir, Kuldip Singh. An overview of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia’ Doctrinal aspects of Sikhism and other essays. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 23–30. Dilgir, H.S. Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia and contemporary Sikh praxis. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 48–. Gopal Singh. A redeemer of Sikh scholarship. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 11–12. Gur Rattan Pal Singh. Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia: The leading ideologist of contemporary Sikhism. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 36. Jodh Singh. Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia: A philosopher and litterateur. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 16–22. Narenderpal Singh. Advent of a philosopher. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 37–38. Param Bakhshish Singh. An original thinker. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 39–42. Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001. 79p. Wazir Singh. From being to becoming. In Sukhdial Singh, Ed. Somewhat Hamlet Somewhat Othello: A montage of Dr. Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia as a poet, literary critic, thinker and ideologist. Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publications, 2001, pp. 13–15.

16.9. Khushwant Singh Ajeet Cour. A man without guile (Khushwant Singh). In Rohini Singh. Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 41–58.

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Bajaj, Satish K. Khushwant Singh: An apostle of the concept of Punjabi nationalism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, 1981, 395–402. Bhatt, Indira, Ed. The ﬁctional world of Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2002. 177p. Dehlvi, Sadia. My friend Khushwant. In Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 115–28. Dhawan, R.K. Khushwant Singh, the man and the writer. In R.K. Dhawan, Ed. Khushwant Singh, the man and the writer. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 2001, pp. 1–11. Dhawan, R.K., Ed. Khushwant Singh, the man and the writer. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 2001. 333p. Dhawan, R.K., Ed. Three contemporary novelists: Khushwant Singh, Chaman Nahal, Salman Rushdie. New Delhi: Classical Publishing, 1985. 230p. Dubey, S.K. Khushwant Singh: A critical study of his novels. New Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1999. 142p. Gupta, Ruby. Khushwant Singh, reality and myth. New Delhi: Classical Publishing, 2001. 320p. Jabbar, Abdul. A mirror to our faces: The short stories of Khushwant Singh. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 181–96. Karkaria, Bachi. A life in the days of the Weekly. In Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 59–74. Khushwant Singh. Truth, love & a little malice: An autobiography. New York: Viking, 2002. 423p. Lal, Malashri and V.K. Sharma. An interview with Khushwant Singh. In R.K. Dhawan, Ed. Khushwant Singh, the man and the writer. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 2001, pp. 26–31. Mala Singh, Ed. Khushwant Singh on war and peace in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Delhi: Hind Pocket Books, 1976. 151p. Malik, Baljit. My uncle Khushwant Singh: The writer, editor, publisher. Seminar (New Delhi), 427, Mar 1995, 31–34. Mathur, O.P. Amrinder’s Lajo and Khushwant Singh’s Delhi: Sikhs in a crisis of identity. In R.K. Dhawan, Ed. Khushwant Singh, the man and the writer. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 2001, pp. 188–97. Mehta, Nandini, Ed. Not a nice man to know: The best of Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: Viking, 1993. 459p. Prasad, Kamna, Ed. Khushwant Singh: An icon of our age. New Delhi: Jiya Prakashan, 2000. 189p. Prem Kirpal. A lifetime of comradeship. In Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 31–40. Rahul Singh. My father Khushwant. In Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 5–18 Rahul Singh, Ed. Around the world with Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: Orient, 1978. 197p. Rahul Singh, Ed. Khushwant Singh’s editor’s page. Bombay: IBH Publishing, 1981. 195p.

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Rahul Singh, Ed. Khushwant Singh’s India: A mirror for its monsters and monstrosities. Bombay: IBH Publishing, (1970). 232p. Rahul Singh, Ed. Khushwant Singh’s India without humbug. Bombay: India Book House, 1977. 150p. Rahul Singh, Ed. Khushwant Singh’s view of India: (lectures on India’s people, religions, history & contemporary affairs). Bombay: IBH Publishing, 1974. 288p. Rohini Singh, Comp. Khushwant Singh: Many moods may faces. Delhi: Rupa Publications, n.d. Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers , 1996. 167p. Shukla, S.B. Khushwant Singh. In A.N. Dwivedi, Ed. Studies in contemporary Indian-English short story: A collection of critical essays. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1991, pp. 85–95. Shukla, Sheo Bhushan and Rini Shukla. Khushwant Singh: The novelist. In A.N. Dwivedi, Ed. Studies in contemporary Indian ﬁction in English. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1987, pp. 334–46. Suraiya, Jug. What make Khushwant tick. In Rohini Singh, Ed. A man called Khushwant Singh. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1996, pp. 89–96. Tarlochan Singh. Khushwant Singh: Historian, scholar, iconoclast. Sikh Review, 48(9), Sep 2000, 50–51.

17. Sikh Castes & Casteism Ahmed, Iftikhar. Territorial distribution of Jatt castes in Punjab c. 1595-c. 1881. Indian History Congress Proceedings, Delhi, 45th session, 1984, 428–34. Anant, Santokh Singh. Changing concept of caste in India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1972. 153p. Anuradha Kumar. Caste conﬂict in Sikhism: Vision and reality. Sikh Review 51(8), Aug 2003, 75–76. The artisan castes of the Sikhs from 1881–1947. In Ethne K. Marenco. The transformation of Sikh society. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976, pp. 176–246. Bahadur, Krishna Prakash and Sukhdev Singh Chib. Caste, tribes & culture of India. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1977. 9 Vols. Bains, Balbir Kaur. Teachers’ attitudes toward scheduled caste students: A study of schools in Punjab (India). M.A. Thesis. McGill University, 1978. 151p. Balbir Singh. Wanted: A development board for Sikh ‘backward classes’. Sikh Review, 43(3), Mar 1995, 45–47. Balwant Singh. Sikhism and caste system. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 50–54. Barjinder Kaur. The Jats in the Punjab during the 19th century. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Batra, Manohar Singh. Casteism has no place in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 3–5. Bhupinder Kaur. Distribution of caste composition of the agricultural laborers of the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 225–30. Caste, gender and the Singh Sabha movement in Punjab. In Anshu Malhotra. Gender, caste, and religious identities: Restructuring class in colonial Punjab. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. Chattaraj, Dipak. Caste system in colonial South-East Punjab (1858–1919). Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, Mar 1995, 150–55. Chilana, Rajwant Singh. Last names (family names). In his Dictionary of Sikh names. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2001, pp. 177–91. Choudhry, Devendra K. Initiative, entrepreneurship and occupational mobility in an Indian caste: A study of the Khatris of Punjab, 1881–1914. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 272–77. Dawedi, R.K. The Khatris in the Punjab. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1986. Dhami, M.S. Caste, class and politics in the rural Punjab: A study of two villages in Sangrur district. Journal of Politics, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1981, 93–118. Discrimination against the Sikh backward castes. Amritsar: SGPC, 1951. 18p. D’ Souza, Victor S. Does urbanism de-segregate scheduled castes? Evidence from a district in Punjab. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 11(1), 1977, 219.

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D’ Souza, Victor S. Scheduled castes and urbanization in Punjab: An explanation. Sociological Bulletin (New Delhi), 24(1), Mar 1975, 1–12. Gajinder Singh. Sikhism and caste system. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 55–59. Ghurye, G.S. Caste and race in India. Bombay: Popular Book Depot, 1961. 356p. Gurdev Singh. Curse of the caste system. Sikh Review, 49(5), May 2001, 39–43. Gurdev Singh. Sikhism and caste system. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 74–79. Gurmail Kaur. The critique of caste system and rituals in Guru Granth Sahib. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. Habib, Irfan. Jats of Punjab and Sind. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Punjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala, Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 92–103. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Caste among Sikhs: Dichotomy between belief & practice. Sikh Review, 48(4), Apr 2000, 47–60. Harjindar Singh. Authority and inﬂuence in two Sikh villages. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1976. 219p. Harjinder Singh, Ed. Caste among non-Hindus in India. New Delhi: National, 1977. 172p. Hazlehurst, Leighton Wilson. Entrepreneurship and the merchant castes in a Punjabi city. Durham, N.C.: Duke University, 1966. 151p. Hershman, Paul. Caste, clan and lineage. In Hilary Standing, Ed. Punjabi kinship and marriage. Delhi: Hindustan Publishing, 1981, pp. 83–128. Ibbetson, Denzil Charles Jelf. Outlines of Panjab ethnography: Being extracts from the Panjab census report of 1881, treating of religion, language, and caste. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1883. Ibbetson, Denzil Charles Jelf. Punjab castes. Lahore: Sh. Mubarak Ali, 1974. 252p. Ibbetson, Denzil Charles Jelf. Panjab castes, being a reprint of the chapter on “The races, castes, and tribes of the people” in the report on the census of the Panjab. Patiala: Languages Department, Punjab, 1970 (1883). 338p. Inderjit Singh. Justice and equality as alternative norms to caste: A Sikh perspective. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 7(1), Apr 1988, 44–53. Izmirlian, Harry. Caste, kin, and politics in a Punjab village. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microﬁlms International, 1981. 184p. Jagjit Singh. Caste system and the Sikhs. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 231–303. Jagjit Singh. The caste and the caste system. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 213–22. Jagjit Singh. Caste system and the Sikhs. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 278–300. Jagjit Singh. Caste system and the Sikhs in the later period. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 288–302.

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Jagjit Singh. Caste system and the Sikhs in the period of ideological ascendancy. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 263– 87. Jagjit Singh. The Jats and Sikh militarization. In Gurdev Singh, Ed. Perspective on the Sikh tradition. Chandigarh: Siddhartha, 1986, pp. 326–41. Jagjit Singh. Sikh militancy and the Jats. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, California: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 214–33. Jagjit Singh. Sikhism and the caste system. In Harbans Singh, Ed. The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 155–60. Jammu, Parkash Singh. Ramdasia Sikhs. In Harbans Singh, Ed. The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 3: 454–55. The Jat Sikhs from 1881–1947: Their position in Sikh caste hierarchy and their relation to the emerging social classes. In Ethne K. Marenco. The transformation of Sikh society. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976, pp. 113–50. Jayaraman, Raja. Sikhism and caste. In A. M. Shah, Ed. Social structure and change. New Delhi: Sage India, 1998. Vol. 5. Jodh Singh. Caste and untouchability in Sikhism. Amritsar: SGPC, 1976. Jodhka, Surinder Singh. Caste and untouchability in rural Punjab. Economic & Political Weekly, 37(19), May 2002, 1813–823. Jodhka, Surinder Singh. Changing caste status in contemporary Punjab. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 15–28. Jodhka, Surinder Singh. The scheduled castes in contemporary Punjab. In M. S. Gill, Ed. Punjab society: Perspectives and challenges. New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2003. Joginder Singh. Sikhs and the caste system. Nishaan, 3, 2001, 62–63. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(4), Oct–Dec 2001, 50–52. Johar, S.S. Guru Nanak’s crusade against casteism: The caste is of what merit know the truth within. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 29–30. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Political origins of a Punjabi lower caste religion. Punjab Journal of Politics, 5(1), Jan–June 1981, 157–78. Juergensmeyer, Mark. Religious rebels in the Punjab: The social vision of untouchables. Delhi: Ajanta, 1988. 357p. Kalsi, Sewa Singh. The Sikhs and caste: A study of the Sikh community in Leeds and Bradford (England). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Leeds, 1989. 374p. Kapur Singh. The Hindu caste and Sikhism. In Piar Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Parasaraparasna. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989, pp. 258–83. Kaur, R. Jat Sikhs—a question of identity. Contrib Indian Soc, 20(2), 1986, 221–39. Khaira, Gurpal Singh. Casteism in Sikh society: Eradication strategies. Sikh Review, 48(9), Sept 2000, 38–42. Kohli, Surindar Singh. The attitude of Sikhism towards caste, ritualism, miracles, etc. In his Real Sikhism. New Delhi: Harman, 1994, pp. 211–17.

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Kulraj Singh. Divided we fall: The Jat-Bhapa syndrome. Sikh Review, 44(2), Feb 1996, 45–51. Malhotra, Anshu. Gender, caste, and religious identities: Restructuring class in colonial Punjab. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. 231p. Mamdani, Mahmood. The myth of population control: Family, caste, and class in an Indian village (Punjab). New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973. 173p. Marenco, Ethne K. Caste and class among the Sikhs of Northwest India. Ph.D. Thesis. New York: Columbia University, 1963. 585p. Marenco, Ethne K. Caste and class among the Sikhs of Northwest India. New York: s.n., 1963. 574p. Marenco, Ethne K. The transformation of Sikh society (on Sikh castes). New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976. 342p. Mathur, K.S. Caste and ritual in a Malwa village. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1964. 215p. McLeod, W.H. Castes and sects of the Sikhs. In his Exploring Sikhism: Aspects of Sikh identity, culture, and thought. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. McLeod, W.H. Caste in the Sikh Panth. In The evolution of the Sikh community: Five essays. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. McLeod, W.H. Ahluwalias and Ramgarhias: Two Sikh castes. South Asia (Nedlands, Western Australia), 4, Oct 1974, 78–90. The menial and untouchable castes of the Sikhs from 1881–1947. In Ethne K. Marenco. The transformation of Sikh society. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976, pp. 247–94. Mohaya, N.D. Role of Master Gurbanta Singh for the welfare of scheduled castes. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 301–305. Nisha. Mazhbi Sikhs in the upper Bari Doab. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Omvedt, Gail. Land, caste, and politics in Indian states. Delhi: Authors Guild Publications, 1982. 168p. Pimpley, Prakash N. Politicization among scheduled castes students of Punjab. Social Change (New Delhi), 6(3–4), Sep–Dec 1976, 8–12. Pimpley, Prakash N. Proﬁle of scheduled castes students: The case of Punjab. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1980. 120p. Rahi, M.S. Caste or race: Discrimination and the Sikhs. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Apr–Jun 2002, 35–48. Rajeswari, C. Salient features of Sikhism with special reference to its attitude to caste system. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 15(2), 1995, 29–34. Rajeswari, C. Sikhism’s attitude to caste system. Sikh Review, 43(6), Jun 1995, 20–24. Randhawa, Indra. Caste system among the Sikhs. Illustrated Weekly of India, 47, 1969, 27. Ravinder Kaur. Jat Sikhs: A question of identity. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 20(2), 1986, 221.

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Rice, C. Herbert. A Hindustani Binet-performance point scale, with a comparison of the intelligence of certain caste groups in the Punjab. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1929. 196p. Rose, H.A., et al. A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province based on the census report for the Punjab, 1883. Patiala: Languages Department, Punjab, 1970 (1911). 3 Vols. Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. Discrimination against the Sikh backward castes. Amritsar: The Committee, 1951. 18p. Saberwal, Satish. Receding pollution: Inter-caste relations in urban Punjab. In R.S. Sandhu, Ed. Urbanization: sociological perspectives. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003. Saberwal, Satish. Mobile men: Limits to social change in urban Punjab. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1976. 267p. Sandhu, R.S. Rites de passage of some scheduled castes and the Sikh Jats: A comparison. Eastern Anthropology, 34(4), 1981, 311–16. Seagrim, Dudley. Notes on Hindus and Sikhs. Allahabad: Pioneer Press, 1895. 31p. Sharma, Harish Chander. Caste mobility among the artisan castes of the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th, Mar 1979, 252–57. Sharma, Nisha. Mazhabi Sikhs of the upper Bari Doab 1881–1941. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 145–50. Shiv Lal. The caste system: Namdhari Sikh’s politics. In his Dateline Punjab, lifeline Sikhs. New Delhi: Election Archives, 1994. Singh, I.P. Caste in a Sikh village. In Harjinder Singh, Ed. Caste among non-Hindus in India. New Delhi: National, 1977, pp. 69–70. Singh, K.N., Ed. People of India: Punjab. New Delhi: Manohar, 2003. 471p. Vol. 37. Singh, L.P. and G.A. Harrison. The impact of caste on the growth of male Sikhs in Punjab, India. Ann Hum Boil, 24(2), 1997, 131–39. Singh, S. and P.S. Jammu. Untouchability in rural Punjab: An analysis. Man India, 76(2), 1997, 161–71. Smith, Marian. Synthesis and other processes in Sikhism. American Anthropologist, 50(3), July–Sept 1948, 457–62. Structure of the Sikh caste hierarchy and corporate caste change in the ﬁrst half of the 19th century. In Ethne K. Marenco. The transformation of Sikh society. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976, pp. 41–69. Srinivas, M.N. Caste in Modern India. Journal of Asian Studies, 16(4), Aug 1957, 529–48. Suri, Pushpa. Caste in Prem Sumarag. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, Mar 1976, 197–202. Surinder Singh. Casteism in Sikhism. Atam Science, 4, Oct–Dec 2002, 45–48. Surinder Singh, S.B. The curse of casteism among Sikhs. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 49–54. Tarlochan Singh. Casteism among Sikhs. Sikh Review, 39(4), Apr 1991, 34–35.

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The trading castes of the Sikhs from 1881–1947. In Ethne K. Marenco. The transformation of Sikh society. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, 1976, pp. 151–75. Transformation of the Sikh caste hierarchy. In R.N. Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. Vol. 3. Walia, Rashpal. Problems of untouchability among Sikhs in Punjab with special reference to Mazabhi Sikhs. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1993. 306p.

18. Sikh Sects Bakshi, S.R. and Lipi Mahajan, Eds. Religious sects in India. Vol .4 of the Encyclopaedic history of Indian culture and religion. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2000. 320p. Barstow, A.E. Sikh sects and the sub division of Jat Sikhs. In his Sikhs: An ethnology. New Delhi: Low Price Publications, 1993. Puran Singh. Sikh sects in the eyes of late Prof. Puran Singh. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 54–56. Samra, Mandeep Kaur. Evolution of the Nihang sect of the Sikhs. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 159–63. Sulakhan Singh. Heterodoxy in Sikhism: An exposition of some sectarian development (Nirmalas, Udasis, Namdharis, Nirankaris and Radha Swamis) and their impact on mainstream Sikhism—A critical analysis. Paper presented at the ‘International Conference on Sikh Studies’ (Surrey, BC, Canada), May 2000. Sulakhan Singh. Heterodoxy in the Sikh tradition. Jalandhar: ABS Publications, 1999. 212p. Teja Singh. Are there sects in Sikhism? Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, n.d. 24p. Teja Singh. Are there sects in Sikhism? Panjab Past and Present, 12(1), 1978, 130–41.

18.1. Namdhari Sikhs (Kukas) Ahluwalia, M.L. Baba Ram Singh (1816–1885). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 365–67. Ahluwalia, M.L. Gurcharan Singh (a Kuka leader). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 137–38. Ahluwalia, M.L. Kukas: The freedom ﬁghters of Punjab. Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1965. 211p. Amarjit Singh. Maharaj Ram Singh: The harbinger of social and political awakening. Sikh Review, 40(2), Feb 1992, 24–28. Anajana, Tara Singh. Shahid Baba Lahina Singh (Biography of Lahina Singh, 1838–1871, religious leader of the Namdhari sect in Sikhism). New Delhi: Satiguru Paratap Singh Awatar Shatabadi Kameti, 1992. 82p. Arora, A.C. The Kukas, Patiala Maharaja and the British. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1986, 238–44. Bajwa, G.S. The new Namdhari sect at Naushehra Majha Singh. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974. Balbir Singh. Impact of the Namdhari movement. Panjab Past and Present, 13(1), Apr 1979, 188–92. Bali, Yogendra and Kalika Bali. The warriors in white: Glimpses of Kooka history. New Delhi: Har Anand, 1995. 191p.

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Beant Kaur. The Namdhari Sikhs. London: Namdhari Sikhs Historical Museum, 1999. 66p. Bhag Singh. Namdharis: Their propaganda and Indian progress. Sikh Review, 19(214), Sept 1971, 52–59. Bhagat Singh. The Kuka movement. Panjab Past and Present, 7(1), Apr 1973, 148–55. Darshan Singh. Satguru Jagjit Singhji: Namdharis—their contributions. New Delhi: United Children’s Movement, 1985. 99p. Das, Jaswant Singh. Baba Ram Singh Namdhari. Amritsar, 1962. Fauja Singh. Kuka movement: An important phase in Punjab’s role in India’s struggle for freedom. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1965. 235p. Fauja Singh. Kukas or Namdharis. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 532–35. Ganda Singh. Was the Kuka movement a rebellion against British government? Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sept 1979, 26–32. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 8(2), Oct 1974, 325–41. Ganda Singh and Kirpal Singh. The Indian mutiny of 1857 and the Sikhs (Namdhari movement). New Delhi: Delhi Sikh Students’ Federation, 1960. 49p. Ganda Singh and Kirpal Singh. Rebels against the British rule (Collection of documents and other writings relating to freedom struggle in Punjab against the British rule by Namdharis). New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1989–1990. 2 Vols. Gian Singh (Giani). Namdhari Sikhs: A brief account as narrated by Giani Gian Singh. Translated by Harbhajan Singh. Sri Jiwan Nagar: Harbans Singh, 1988. Gill, Devinder Singh. Doubtful death of Maharaja Ram Singh Namdhari. Sikh Review, 40(5), May 1992, 17–24. Grewal, M.S. Injustice to Kukas. Sikh Review, 23(257), May 1975, 13–17. Gurmit Singh. Sant Khalsa. Sirsa: Usha Institute of Religious Studies, 1978. 105p. His Holiness Shri Satguru Jagjit Singh Jee Maharaj. London: Namdhari Sikh Heritage Society, 1996. Jasa, Jaswant Singh. Baba Ram Singh Namdhari (Biography of Ram Singh, 1816–1885, religious leader of the Namdhari sect in Sikhism). Jalandhar: New Book Company, 1987. 236p. Jaswinder Singh. Kuka movement: Freedom struggle in Punjab, documents, 1880–1903 A.D. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1985. 336p. Jaswinder Singh. Kukas of note in the Punjab: Document 1881. Sri Bhaini Sahib, Distt. Ludhiana: Namdhari Darbar, 1985. 123p. Jolly, Surjit Kaur. Sikh revivalist movements: The Nirankari and Namdhari movements in Punjab in the nineteenth century: A socio-religious study. New Delhi: Gitanjali Publishers, 1988. 231p. Kapur Singh. Namdhari martyrs of Maler Kotla. Sikh Review, 23(262), Oct 1975, 38–39. Khullar, K.K. Baba Ram Singh and the Kuka movement. Sikh Review, 21(230), 38–40. Kukas: Papers relating to the Kuka sect: Selections from the records of the Government of Punjab. Lahore: Government Press, 1872.

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Kuka movement. In S.R. Bakshi, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 5. Kilda Singh. Baba Ram Singh and the Namdhari movement. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987. Kuldip Singh. The nature and scope of Namdhari movement. Journal of Regional History, 5, 1997–98, 21–40. Kuldip Singh. The Namdhari movement: Continuity and change (1857–1959). Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2000. 264p. Kuldip Singh. Social program of the Namdharis in late nineteenth century. In 46th Indian History Congress Papers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Manmohan Kaur. Role of Kuka movement in the emancipation of women. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 89–96. McLeod, W.H. Kukas. In W. P. Morrell: A tribute, essays in modern and early modern history presented to William Parker Morrell. Dunedin: University of Otego Press, 1973. McLeod, W.H. Kukas: A millenarian sect of the Punjab. Panjab Past and Present, 13(1) Apr 1979, 164–87. Also in Harish Puri and Paramjit S. Judge, Eds. Social and political movements: Readings on Punjab. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2000, pp. 27–56. Nahar Singh. Documents relating to Bhai Maharaj Singh. Karamsar, Ludhiana: 1968. Nahar Singh. Gooroo Ram Singh and the Kuka Sikhs. New Delhi: Amrit Books, 1965. 3 Vols. Nahar Singh. Short account of the Kukas or Namdharis. Ludhiana: The author, n.d. 18p. Nahar Singh and Kirpal Singh, Eds. Rebels against the British rule. Vol. 1: Guru Ram Singh and the Kuka Sikhs. Vol. 2: Bhai Maharaj Singh. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1989. Namdhari movement. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2002. Vol. 16: 5092–93. Namdhari Ram Singh. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2002. Vol. 16: 5094–95. Namdhari Sikhs. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2002. Vol. 16: 5093–94. Rai Jasbir Singh. Baba Ram Singh: His efforts for freedom of India. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 95–100. Ram Singh. Kooka. Panjab Past and Present, 2, Apr 1968, 142. Roy, P.C. Gurcharan Singh’s mission in central Asia. Panjab Past and Present, 8, Apr 1974, 205–210. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. British attitude towards the Namdharis. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 380–88. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Contradiction in the British records on the Kuka history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 181–89. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Controversial death of Guru Ram Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, Mar 1995, 133–37.

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Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Controversial gift from Maharaja Nabha to Namdharis. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 33rd session, Mar 2001, 242–47. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Forty-fourth congress session and the Namdharis. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 29th session, Mar 1997, 153–59. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Historiography and Namdhari history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 200–205. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Kukas as they live. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Kukas in relation to the Sikh rule. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, 1981, 208–223. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Namdharis’ communication with detenu Guru Ram Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, Mar 1994, 342–53. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Namdhari history in the twenty ﬁrst century: Mixed expectations. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 32nd session, 2000, 227–34. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. The Namdhari movement: Press and public opinion (1857–1872). Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 34th session, Mar 2002, 184–96. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Nature of Guruship according to Namdhari tradition. In Natureof Guruship. Delhi: ISPCK, 1976, pp. 110–115. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Political consciousness in Kukas of nineteenth century. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 213–24. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Punjab on the eve of Kuka movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 237–38. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. The question of the Kuka trials. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, Feb–Mar 1996, 143–52. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Satguru Pratap Singh: The repository of Namdhari history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, 1991, 320–29. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Sikh puritanical revolution: The Kuka movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 269–70. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Social milieu in Punjab and the Kuka movement. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 17th session, 1983, 150–60. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Sources of the Namdhari history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 252–61. Sharan, Gurudev. Namdhari touch to classical music. Illustrated Weekly of India, 102, Jun 28–Jul 4 1981, 25–27. Shiv Lal. Namdhari Sikh’s politics. In his Dateline Punjab, lifeline Sikhs. New Delhi: Election Archives, 1994. Talwar, K.S. Early phases of the Sikh renaissance and struggle for freedom. Panjab Past and Present, 4, Oct 1970, 288–99. Tatla, Darshan Singh. A note on Namdhari Sikhs in Britain. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(1), Jan–Mar 1991, 50–57.

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18.2. Nirankari Sikhs Avtar Singh (Nirankari Baba) and G.S. Bhatia. Avtar Bani. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1976. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mittra. Sant Nirankari Baba. Delhi: Criterion Publishing, 2002. 258p. Bhatia, G.S. Baba Avtar Singh: His life and teachings. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1977. 229p. Bhatia, G.S. Real relationship: A brochure issued on the eve of 23rd All World Annual Sant Nirankari Meet, November 1970. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1970. 72p. Chadha, K.R. Nirankari Baba awakening the world. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1972. 111p. Ganda Singh. Sikhism and Nirankari movement. Patiala: Guru Nanak Dev Mission, 1978. 32p. Gargi, Balwant. Nirankari Baba. Delhi: Thomson Press, 1973. 172p. Gargi, Balwant. Nirankaris. Illustrated Weekly of India, 92(43), Oct 24, 1971, 21–25. Gulati, C.L. The eternal hope. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, (1976). 64p. Gurbachan Singh. Precious pearls: Sayings of Baba Gurbachan Singh Ji. Compiled and translated by Joginder Singh et al. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1992. 104p. Gurbachan Singh. A month with the master: Postillations of His Holiness Satguru Baba Gurbachan Singh Ji. Compiled by S.S. Anan. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1972. 59p. Gurbachan Singh. My voice. Compiled by Puran Parkash ‘Saqi’. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1976. 90p. Gurbachan Singh. Universal message. Compiled & translated by Joginder Singh et al. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, (1991). 112p. Harbans Singh. The Sikh faith and the Nirankaris: A historical perspective. Panjab Past and Present, 13(1), Apr 1979, 220–26. Hukam Singh. Sikh—Nirankari issue. Sikh Review, 27(301), Jan 1979, 32–32. Hukam Singh. Vagaries of the Nirankari Mandal. Spokesman Weekly, 23, Guru Nanak Number 1973, 7. Jasmittar Singh. A note on a Sikh socio-religious movement. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11, Aug 1984, 145–50. Jasmittar Singh. Nirankaris (1849–1947). M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Joginder Singh. The atheist theist knower. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1976. 16p. Joginder Singh. Key to universal brotherhood. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1968. 48p. Joginder Singh. This or that. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1967. 63p. Joshi, Nirmal, et al. Sant Nirankari mission. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1987. 28p. Katyal. K.K. The Nirankari controversy. The Hindu, 19 June 1978, 8; and 22 June 1978, 10.

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Khushdeva Singh. Sikh faith, and real and pseudo Nirankaris. Sikh Review, 27(310), Oct 1979, 38–50. Krishan Lal. The mission and the missionaries. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1987. 65p. Labh Singh. All the glory to master lord. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1969. 104p. Nature of Guruship according to Nirankari Sikh tradition. In Clarence McMullen, Ed. The nature of Guruship. Delhi: ISPCK, 1976, pp. 116–23. Nirankari, Man Singh. The Nirankaris. Panjab Past and Present, 7(1), Apr 1973, 1–11. Nirankari, Man Singh. The Nirankaris. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 18–25. Nirankari, Man Singh. Nirankari: The pioneers of social reforms in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 17th session, Oct 1982. 142–49. Nirankari, Man Singh and Diwan Singh. Baba Dayal: Crusader of true Sikhism. Amritsar: Man Singh Nirankari, 1997. 109p. 2nd Ed. Nirankari mandal’s challenge to Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 9(4), Spr 1979, 4–9. Nirankari movement. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publishers, 2002. Vol. 17: 5219–20. Nirankari Sikhs and the state. Sikh Review, 26(297–98), Sept–Oct 1978, 59–65. Nirankaris: A Sikh protestant movement. Spokesman Weekly, 26, 1976, 83–88. Nirankaris as harbinger of Sikh renaissance. Spokesman Weekly, 24, 1974, 43–46. North: Sikhs versus Nirankaris. Economic & Political Weekly, 13(26), 1978, 1057–. Puran Parkash. International mission: Sant Nirankari Mission. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1972. 30p. Sant Nirankari preachers’ conference, Mussoorie, May 1973: Report. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1973. 118p. Sant Nirankaris. Why New Delhi’s special concern for them. Spokesman Weekly, 32(41), June 1983, 7–8. Satyarthi, J.R.D., et al. Gurudev Hardev. Delhi: Sant Nirankari Mandal, 1988. 125p. Seekree, H.S. Sant Nirankaris. In John C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 26–29. Sikhism and the Nirankari movement. Patiala: Academy of Sikh Religion and Culture, (1979). 68p. Sobti, Harcharan Singh. The saint Nirankaris. New Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 2003. 147p. Uprety, Prem. Sikhism and the Nirankari movement. Panjab Past and Present, 12(2), Oct 1978, 370–401. Webster, John C.B. The Nirankari Sikhs. Delhi: Macmillan, 1979. 104p. Webster, John C.B. Nirankaris. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 234–36.

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18.3. Nirmalas Ashok, Shamsher Singh. Nirmala. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University. Vol. 3: 236–37. Bhanot, S.D. Sant Gulab Singh Nirmala. In Essays on history, literature, art and culture. Delhi: Atma Ram, 1970, pp. 115–19. Darshan Singh. How did Nirmalas preach? Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 147– 51. Darshan Singh. Nirmalas and their missionary work. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 115–22. Mrigendra Singh. Nirmala Sikhs. Sikh Review, 19(206), Jan 1971, 206–234. Sachdeva, Kulwinder. Central organization of the Nirmala Sikh tradition. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, 1996, 89–96. Satpal Kaur. Giani Gian Singh’s Nirmal Panth Pardipika: A historical analysis. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 70p. Sharma, S.C. Nirmla saints and spread of Sikhism in the Jammu and Kashmir till 1947. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(1), 2001, 57–78. Sulakhan Singh. Evidence of Nirmala attitude towards state patronage in Giani Gian Singh’s Nirmal Panth Pradipika. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 169–74. Sulakhan Singh. An exposition of the doctrine of Nirmalas vis-`a-vis mainstream Sikhism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 32nd session, 2000, 76–81.

18.4. Udasis Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Udasi sampardaya: Torch-bearers of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 42(10), Oct 1994, 13–18. Harnam Das. Origin and growth of Udasis. Sukkur, Sind: Amar Electronic Printing Press, 1927. 60p. Madanjit Kaur. Udasi. In Harbans Singh, Ed: Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 377–79. Sulakhan Singh. Non-Sikh patrons of religious grantees under Sikh rule: A case of the Udasis. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 89–93. Sulakhan Singh. Religious minorities in medieval Sikh history: A socio-cultural study of the Udasis. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 57–64. Sulakhan Singh. Self-image of the Udasis in Sant Rein’s Udasi Bodh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 117–22. Sulakhan Singh. State patronage to the Udasis under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his times. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980, pp. 103–16. Sulakhan Singh. Udasis establishments under Sikh rule. Journal of Regional History, 1, 1980, 70–87.

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Sulakhan Singh. The Udasis in the early nineteenth century. Journal of Regional History, 2, 1981, 35–42. Sulakhan Singh. The Udasis in past and present: An analysis of twentieth century works. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 77–82. Sulakhan Singh. Udasis under the Sikh rule, 1765–1849. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982.

19. Gurdwaras (Sikh Shrines) Aggarwal, B.S. Sikh tirthas at Kurukshetra. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 25–26. Amrik Singh. Management of Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004, 59–62. Amrik Singh. Sikh shrines in Delhi. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2003. 95p. Atma Singh. Gurdwara Dukhnivaran. Spokesman Weekly, 28(22), 22 Jan 1979, 6. Babra, Davinder Kaur. Visiting a Sikh Temple. Guildford: Lutterworth Educational, 1981. 59p. Bains, Santokh Singh. Role of Gurdwaras in distribution of Sikh literature. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), 1983, 43–45. Bajwa, Fauja Singh. Guide to Sikh shrines and historical places in Delhi. New Delhi: DGPC, 1953. 129p. Balwant Singh. Sacred shrines of Hazur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 3(19), 1953, 5. Bawa, Ujjagar Singh. Gurdwara: Its concept and role. Sikh Review, 47(9 ), Sept 1999, 24–30. Bedi, J.S. Goindwal Sahib: The ﬁrst important place of pilgrimage of the Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 35(10), 4 Nov 1985, 4–5. Bhag Singh. Gurdwaras of Nanak Mata and Ritha Sahib. Sikh Review, 19(213), Aug 1973, 34–37. Bhagat Singh. Paonta Sahib: Its past, present and future potentials. Spokesman Weekly, 11(20–21), 1962, 21–22. Bhajan Singh. Gurdwara Damdama Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 20(20), 1971, 5. Bhajan Singh. Gurdwara Mata Sundri. Spokesman Weekly, 20(18), 1971, 27. Bhajan Singh. Gurdwara Moti Bagh in ever memory of Guru Gobind Singh’s historical visit to Delhi.Spokesman Weekly, 20(19), 1971, 5. Bharpur Singh. Congress (I) and the Sikh Gurdwaras. Spokesman Weekly, 32(50), 16 Aug 1983, 9. Bir, Raghbir Singh. Our Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 32–33. Bond, Jeffery R.J. Visiting a Sikh temple. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 10–11. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Gurdwara: Crucible for moral grandeur. Sikh Review, 46(6), Jun 1998, 12–16. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Meanings and functions of Gurdwara. Sikh Courier, 37(84), Aut–Win 1997, 21–26. Cole, W. Owen. Sikh worship in Gurdwara. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 8–10. Cole, W. Owen. A visit to Sikhs and their shrines. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 52–54. Delhi Gurdwaras. Spokesman Weekly, 30(20), 22 Mar 1982, 3. Dhanbad Gurdwara Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1925–75. Dhanbad: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1975. 54p. Dhillon, Gurdarshan Singh. Gurdwaras in Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 40(89), Spr–Sum 2000, 3–9.

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Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. Anandpur Sahib and Keeratpur Sahib Gurdwaras. Amritsar: SGPC, 1999. Dhyan Singh. Nanak Jheera. Spokesman Weekly, 26(27), 2 Mar 1977, 3, 6. Doig, Desmond. Forgone Sikh shrine. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 39–43. Fauja Singh. Gurdwara. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 146–48. Ganda Singh. History of Gurdwara Shahidganj Lahore from its origin to November 1935. Amritsar: The author, 1935. 115p. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh at Damdama Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 29(18), 1979, 3–4; and 29(19), 1980, 5. Gill, Jaspinder Singh. Gurdwara: Refuge for the lost and lonely. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 61–62. Golden Temple, Amritsar and other Gurdwaras in India. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 91– 142. Gupta, V.K. The Sikhs and Gurdwara system. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 273p. Gurcharan Singh. Gurdwara management: Buildings and activities. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1998, 60–63. Gurdarshan Singh. Gurdwaras in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), Feb 2000, 31–40. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), Jul–Dec 2000, 90–100. Gurdial Singh. Pilgrimage to Nanak Sahib: My experience. Sikh Review, 24(277), Jan 1977, 29–31. Gurdwaras of Delhi. In Parvinder Kaur and Virbhan Singh. Kar sewa of historical Gurdwaras. Delhi: Sapra Publications, 1996, pp. 24–49. Gurdwaras of Punjab. In Parvinder Kaur and Virbhan Singh. Kar sewa of historical Gurdwaras. Delhi: Sapra Publications, 1996, pp. 50–147. Gurmit Singh. Restoring the status of Takhats. Spokesman Weekly, 30(19–20), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1981, 27–30. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 15–18. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Historical Sikh shrines. Amritsar: Singh Brothers, 1995. 374p. Guru-ka-Bagh. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1922. 48p. Harbans Singh. Sikh shrines in the South. Spokesman Weekly, 2(1), 1952, 3. Harbhajan Singh. A shrine in Ladakh: Gurdwara Pathar Sahib. Sikh Review, 49(11), Nov 2001, 34–35. Harchand Singh. Chamkaur Sahib. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 28. Hardit Singh. Sikh takhats and Jathedars. Sikh Courier, 43(93), Spr–Sum 2002, 17–19. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Bala Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 549.

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Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 549. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Damdama Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 550–51. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Majnu Tilla. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 548–49. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Mata Sundari. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 550. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Moti Bagh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 549. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Nanak Piao. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 548. Hazara Singh. Hazur Sahib: A memorable visit. Sikh Courier, 35(80), Aut–Win, 1995, 33–36. Hazara Singh. Takhat Sachkhand Sri Hazur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 32(28), 1983, 4–5. Hoon, Vishwanath. Sri Gurdwara Handi Sahib, Dinapore. Spokesman Weekly, 31(16), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1982, 37. Jagjit Singh. Tarn Taran. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 321–23. Jaswant Singh. Five takhats of Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 39(87), Spr–Sum 1999, 32–34. Jhabal, Aridaman Singh and Jaswinder K. Dhillon. Real story of liberation of Gurdwara Tarn Taran. (As described by S. Amar Singh Jhubal.) Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 101–16. Joginder Singh. The miracle of Punja Sahib. Sikh Review, 45(7), Jul 1997, 44–45. Johar, S.S. Holy Sikh shrines. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1998. 198p. Johar, S.S. Salient features of a Sikh shrine. In his Handbook on Sikhs. Delhi: Vivek Publishers, 1977, pp. 98–104. Johar, S.S. Sikh takhats: Damdama Sahib. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 1 Jan 1978, 6. Johar, S.S. Sikh takhats: Sri Sachkhand Sahib. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 8 Jan 1978, 8. Johar, S.S. The Sikh Gurus and their shrines. Delhi: Vivek Publisher, 1976. 328p. Johar, S.S. Shrines of Guru Gobind Singh. In S.S. Johar: The Sikh Gurus and their shrines. Delhi: Vivek Publishers, 1976, pp. 238–308. Kachroo, M.L. Gurdwara Majnu Ka Tila. Sikh Review, 42(9), Sept 1994, 44–45. Kanwaljit Kaur-Singh. Sikh Gurdwara (Place of worship). Milwaukee: Gareth Stevens Publisher, 2000. 32p. Kapur Singh. Four high seats of Sikh authority. Sikh Review, 19(217), Dec 1971, 34–36. Karan, Pradyumna P. Patterns of pilgrimage to the Sikh Shrine of Guru Gobind Singh at Patna. Journal of Asian and African Studies (Tokyo), 46–47, 1994, 275–84. Karnail Singh. Sikh Gurdwaras in history and role of Jathedar Kartar Singh Jhabbar. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 169– 209.

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Kashmir Singh. Gurdwara and the Aad Granth Sahib. Journal of Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal, 4(1), Jan–Jun 2002, 19–22. Khaira, Gurpal Singh. Sikh Gurdwaras: Problems & possible solutions. Sikh Review, 48(4), Apr 2000, 30–33. Khanna, Amar Nath. Pilgrim shrines of India: Mythology, archaeology, history and art (Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Christian & Suﬁ). New Delhi: Aryan Books International, 2003. 248p. Khazan Singh. Gurdwara handbook. Lahore: Model Electric Press, 1934. 102p. Kirpal Singh. Gurdwara Nanakmatta. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 1(4) Oct–Dec 1998, 82–90; and 2(1), Jan–Mar 1999, 75–89. Kirpal Singh. Gurdwara Patna Sahib as described by Charles Wilkins. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 130–35. Kishwar, Madhu. This is the Guru’s house: A day in the Longowal Gurdwara. In Religion at the service of nationalism and other essays. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 47–76. Kuldip Singh. Rituals in Gurdwara service. Sikh Review, 48(4), Apr 2000, 34–38. Malhans, Birinder Singh. Historic Gurdwaras: Damdama Sahib. Nishaan, 3, 2001, 24–27. Malhans, Birinder Singh. Historic Gurdwaras: Hazur Sahib. Nishaan, 4, 2001, 32–35. Malhans, Birinder Singh. Historic Gurdwaras of the Sikhs: Anandpur Sahib. Nishaan, 2, 2001, 24–28. Man Singh. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib. Panth Parkash, 25(28), Jul 1987, 2, 6. Management of Takhat Patna Sahib. Sikh Review, 25(283), Jul 1977, 54–55. Manjit Singh. Management of the Sikh Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 49(10), Oct 2001, 38–43. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Five takhats of the Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 33(49), 1984, 3. Mehar Singh. Sikh shrines in India. New Delhi: Publication Division, Government of India, 1975. 47p. Mohan Singh. Gurdwara established in Gangtok (Sikkim). Spokesman Weekly, 32(42), June 1983, 7. Mohinder Singh. Anandpur: The city of bliss. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2002. 96p. Neki, Jaswant Singh. Some thoughts on politics of Gurdwara management. Sikh Review, 51(7), Aug 2003, 34–41. Neki, Jaswant Singh. Towards corporate maturity of the Sikh people: Thoughts on contemporary Gurdwara management politics. Nishaan, 2, 2003, 8–12. Panesar, Gopinder Kaur. Sikh Gurdwaras. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2000. 24p. Parvinder Kaur and Virbhan Singh. Kar sewa of historical Gurdwaras. Delhi: Sapra Publications, 1996. 205p. Patwant Singh. Gurdwara: The house of the divine being. Sikh Review, 43(6), Jun 1995, 14–16. Patwant Singh. Gurdwaras in India and around the world. New Delhi: Himalayan Books, 1995. 213p.

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Pettigrew, David. Gurdwara house of the Guru (Video recording). Richmond, BC: Temple Film Ltd., Image Media Services, 1992. Politics of Gurdwara management. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 4–6. Rai, Gurmeet Singh. Abode of bliss: Historiography of Anandpur Sahib. Nishaan, Premiere Issue, 2001, 14–33. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s stay at Paonta Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 32(16), 1982, 23–32. Rajput, A.B. Pilgrimage to Punja Sahib. Panjab Past and Present, 15(1), Apr 1981, 208–209. Raju, T.S. Pilgrimage to Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 43–45. Raju, T.S. Shri Dukh Nivaran Sahib. Sikh Review, 22(249), Sept 1974, 36–38. Randhir, G.S. Sikh Shrines in India. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1990. 107p. Ranjit Singh. Management of Sikh Gurdwaras. Sikh Courier, 42(92), Aut–Win 2001, 29–40. Rishi Singh. Gurdwara Pather Sahib in Ladhak. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 42–43. Sacred Sikh shrines associated with Guru Teg Bahadur in the capital. Spokesman Weekly, 22(17), 11 Dec 1972, 9–10. Sahi, Joginder Singh. Sikh shrines in India and abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1978. 160p. Sandhu, Ranbir Singh. Are Gurdwaras independent? Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 34–39. Sethi, G.R. Sikhs and their shrines. New Statesman (London), 23, Sept 1924, 20–21. S.G.P.C. Truth about Gurdwara Sahid Ganj affair. Panjab Past and Present, 9(2), Oct 1975, 378–98. Shant, Partap Singh. Historical Gurdwaras in North West Frontier Province. Sikh Review, (2), Feb 1989, 39–42. Sharma, Pradip. Holy Shrines of Assam: Brahmanical, Buddha, Christian, Islamic, Jain and Sikh. New Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 2002. 165p. Sharma, S.L. Social co-relates of Gurdwara participation. In C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 102–112. Shergill, N.S. International directory of Gurdwaras and Sikh organizations. London: The author, 1985. 246p. Simpson, John and Shyam Varma. Sikh Gurdwara visit to the Singh Sabha Gurdwara, Bristol. Bristol: Resources for learning development, 1986. (Visual Material: Projected image 5 books, 24 slides, slide notes, teacher’s guide, and 1 sound cassette). Singh, I.J. On the politics of Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 40–45; and 48(3), Mar 2000. Sinha, Vimmy. Shrines of India: The holy Hazur Sahib. Sikh Review, 50(10), Oct 2002, 29–30. Sohi, B.K. Preservation of holy sites: A visit to Anandpur. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 46–48. Sokhi, Brinderpal Singh. Hazoor Sahib: A soulful experience. Sikh Review, 46(12), Dec 1998, 65–67. Sri Gurdwara Handi Sahib, Dinapore. Spokesman Weekly, 1982, 37.

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Stephen, Ian. Sikh and Muslim holy places in the two Punjabs. Calcutta: Statesman, 1948. 168p. Sutinder Singh. Sikh youth and the role of Gurdwaras. Sikh Courier, 10(2), Sum 1980, 2–3. Syalee, Sangat Singh. Gurdwara: Heart of Sikh sangat. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 38–39. Syali, Mohinder Singh. Gurdwaras in Andaman and Nicobars. Sikh Review, 33(381), Sept 1985, 26–28. Tandon, H.L.S. Pilgrimage to Nanak Jhira. Sikh Review, 19(215), Oct 1971, 26–27. Tara Singh. Forgotten Gurdwara. Sikh Review, 18(201), Aug 1970, 44–47. Trilochan Singh. Historical Sikh shrines in Delhi. Delhi: DGPC, 1967. 68p. Verma, O. and G.S. Sohan Singh. The holy places of pilgrimage. Amritasr, 1970. 24p. Visesh Kumar. The process of institutionalization of Sikh shrines in Delhi. Ph.D. Thesis. Bareily: Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, 1975.

19.1. Harimandir Sahib (Golden Temple) Alag, Sarup Singh. Devotional feelings about the Golden Temple. Sikh Courier, 9(2), 1977–78, 4–6. Alag, Sarup Singh. Varied sentiments for the Golden Temple. Sikh Courier, 26(62), 1986, 36–37. Allen, Marguerite. Golden lotus of Amritsar. Calcutta: The author, 1955. 37p. Allen, Marguerite. Golden lotus of Amritsar. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 9–14; and 31(333), Feb 1988, 22–29. Alter, Stephen. Amritsar: City of nectar and Gold. In Dom F. Moraes, Ed. The Penguin book of Indian journeys. New Delhi: Viking, 2001, pp. 143–58. Amarjit Kaur. Panthic control over the Golden Temple. Journal of Regional History, 2, 1993, 59–64. Anand, Mulk Raj. Homage to Amritsar. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1977. 71p. Anand, Vidya Sagar and Robert Govender. End the desecration of the Golden Temple: (three discourses). London: Committee for Socialist Renewal, 1984. 32p. Aulakh, Ajit Singh. About the Golden Temple. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2001. 96p. Bajwa, K.S. Sri Harimandir Sahib during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 113–21. Also in S.P. Singh and Jasbir Singh Sabar, Eds. The rule of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Nature and relevance. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001, pp. 185–94. Bawa, J.S. Heritage of Amritsar. Amritsar: Faquir Singh & Sons, 1977. 99p. Bhagwant Singh. Golden Temple: Study in architecture and art. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 59–61. Bhagwant Singh. Philately and the Golden Temple. Sikh Courier, 9(3), 1978, 12–13. Bhati, S.S. The Golden Temple: A spiritual marvel of architecture. Sikh Courier, 32(74), Aut– Win 1992, 8–11. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr 1995, 66–74.

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Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Morphology of Harimandir and Sikh ideology. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 11–24. Brahma, B.S. Hari Mandir: Waheguru’s abode. Spokesman Weekly, 37(16), 11 Jan 1988, 3–4. Candler, Edmond. Golden Temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar. Blackwood’ Magazine, 186, Sept 1884. Chandher, G.S. Brief history of the Golden Temple. Lahore: The author, 1892. 24p. Choor Singh. Sri Harmandir Sahib: The Golden Temple of the Sikhs. Harpenden, Hertfordshire: European Institute of Sikh Studies, 2002. 155p. Cole, Henry H. Preservation of national monuments, India: Golden Temple at Amritsar, Punjab. (Calcutta), 1884. Dhillon, G.S. Darbar Sahib: The focal point of the Sikh faith. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(1), 1993, 18–27. Ganda Singh. Golden Temple Amritsar. Sikh Review, 41(8), Aug 1993, 9–14. Ganda Singh. Golden Temple: Symbol of piety and heroism. Panjab Past and Present, 1(2), Oct 1977, 240–46. Also in Sikh Review, 30(346), Oct 1982, 21–27. Golden Temple history, art and architecture. Spokesman Weekly, 32(19), 10 Jun 1983, 4–5. Golden Temple: Its theo-political status. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 57–74. Golden Temple’s sanctity. Spokesman Weekly, 36(51), 31 Aug 1987, 3. Grewal, J.S. The city of the Golden Temple. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1986. 37p. Grewal, J.S. The Golden Temple. Panchbati Sandesh, 26(2–3), Oct 2003–Jan 2004, 38–46. Gurcharan Singh. City of the Golden Temple (Amritsar). Illustrated Weekly of India, 97(52), Dec 26, 1976, 40–47. Gurcharan Singh. Golden Temple or Darbar Saheb. Sikh Review, 36(416), Aug 1988, 59–60. Gurmukh Singh. Brief history of the Golden Temple, Amritsar. Lahore: The author, 1894. 35p. Gurnam Singh. The Golden Temple: Its theo-political status. Patiala: Academy of Sikh Religion & Culture, 1984. 22p. Hans, Surjit. The city of Golden Temple according to Guru Arjan. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 85–91. Harbans Singh. How electricity entered the Golden Temple precincts? Panchbati Sandesh, 3(2), Oct 1980, 19–22. Harbans Singh. Heritage of the Golden Temple. Amritsar: SGPC, n.d. 28p. Harbans Singh. Polemic over the electriﬁcation of the Golden Temple. Sikh Courier, 8(4), 1976–77, 21–22. Also in Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 38–41. Harminder Singh. Inter-faith signiﬁcance of the Golden Temple. Sikh Courier, 9(3), 1978, 10–11. Also in Sikh Review, 49(5), May 2001, 28–29. Harpur, James. The Golden Temple. In The atlas of sacred places: Meeting points of heaven and earth. New York: Henry Holt, 1994. Hazara Singh. History and guide to the Golden Temple. Amritsar: Partap Singh Sundar Singh, 1938. 161p.

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Inder Singh. Architecture of the Golden Temple. Sikh Review, 35(406), Oct 1987, 9–12. Jagjit Singh. Temple of spirituality or Golden Temple, Amritsar. Delhi: Mittal Publishers, 1998. 102p. Johar, S.S. Sikh Takhts: Sri Hari Mandir. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 25 Dec 1977, 6. Kapoor, Satish K. The why of the holiness of the Harimandir. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 1–9. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Sanctity of Golden Temple. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(3), Jan 1985, 6–7. Kapur Singh. The Golden Temple: Its theo- political status. Sikh Review, 22(248), Aug 1974, 5–18; and 29(328), Apr 1981, 119–34. Also in Nishaan, 1, 2002, 4–16. Kerr, Ian J. British and the administration of the Golden Temple in 1859. Panjab Past and Present, 10(2), Oct 1976, 306–321. Kerr, Ian J. British relationships with the Golden Temple, 1849–90. Indian Economic and Social History Review, 21(2), Apr–Jun 1984, 139–51. Kerr, Ian J. Harimandar. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 239–48. Khullar, Rupinder and Asha Rani Mathur. One day at the Golden Temple. New Delhi: Pictak Books, 1997. 80p. Kirpal Singh. Adornment of Darbar Sahib by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 19–20. Kirpal Singh and P.S. Arshi. Gold for the Harmandar (Golden Temple, Amritsar). In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Maharaja Ranjit Singh: commemoration volume on bicentenary of his coronation 1801–2001. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 57–68. Madanjit Kaur. Foundation of Amritsar and Sri Hari Mandir Sahib. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 11th session, Nov 1976, 178–96. Madanjit Kaur. Golden Temple: Past and present. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 279p. Madanjit Kaur. Sri Hari Mandir Sahib: Evolution of the shrine. Panjab Past and Present, 24(2), Oct 1990, 269–76. Mahinder Singh. History of Amritsar, Darbar Sahib and Akal Takht. Spokesman Weekly, 35(43), 23 Jun 1986, 4–5. Malhans, Birinder Singh. Historic Gurdwaras: Darbar Sahib.Nishaan, 1, 2002, 30–34. Malhans, Birinder Singh.Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib. Nishaan, 1, 2001, 44–47. Manjit Singh. Heritage of hallowed dimensions: Harimandir Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 25–47. Mohinder Singh and Sondeep Shankar. The Golden Temple. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2002. 84p. Mookherji, B.S. Golden Temple. Amritsar: SGPC, n.d. 17p. Narinderjit Singh. Around the Golden Temple. Amritsar: Jawahar Singh Kirpal Singh, 1994. 82p.

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Nazar Singh. Early British attitude towards the Golden Temple. Journal of Regional History, 3, 1995, 87–98. Parkar, Victoria. The Golden Temple and other Sikh holy places. Chicago: Raintree, 2003. 32p. Parkash Singh. Amritsar and Harimandir. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 49–59. Parkash Singh. Foundation of Amritsar and Harimandar. Sikh Review, 37(10), Oct 1989, 5–12. Parm Bakhshish Singh, Ed. Golden Temple. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 254p. Patwant Singh. The Golden Temple. Hong Kong: ET Publishing, 1988. 172p. Patwant Singh. The Golden Temple. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 46–59. Partap Singh (Gyani). History and guide to the Golden Temple with short notes on the lives of ten Gurus. Amritsar: Buta Singh Partap Singh, n.d. 54p. Rai, Raghu, et al. Amritsar: City of the Golden Temple. Chandigarh: Public Relations, Punjab, 1977. 18p. Randhawa, C.S. The twenty four hour schedule at the Golden Temple. In C.B. Webster, Ed. Popular religion in the Punjab today. Delhi: ISPCK, 1974, pp. 36–101. Sagar, S.S. Ramdas Pur in contemporary Gurmukhi sources. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(1), Feb 1988, 93–101. Sethi, G.R. The Golden Temple of Amritsar. Modern Review, Jan 1930. SGPC. The Golden Temple. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1964. 16p. Souden, David. Amritsar and the Golden Temple. In his Pilgrimage. Wheaton, Ill: Quest Books, 2001. Sundar Singh. Guide to the Darbar Sahib of the Golden Temple of Amritsar. Amritsar: The author, 1905. 42p. Sundar Singh. History of the Golden Temple, Amritsar and the shrines around the city. Amritsar: STS, 1909. 39p. Sundar Singh. Short history of the Hari Mandir. Amritsar: Bhai Buta Singh, 1902. 15p. Vidyadharan, Arvind. The Golden Temple in ferment. Illustrated Weekly of India, 109, Jun 12–18 1988, 36–41. Walia, Jagjiwan Mohan. The Golden Temple: A historical perspective. Sikh Review, 37, (10), Oct 1989, 13–17.

19.2. Hemkunt Baghel Singh. Sri Hemkunt Sahib. Ludhiana: Punjabi Writers Cooperative Society, 1987. 106p. Balbir Singh. Experience of visit to Sri Hem Kund Sahib. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1964, 27–31. Berar, Avtar Singh. Hemkunt: A journey from the past to present. New Delhi: Srishti Publishers, 2003. 168p. Bhajan Singh. Hemkunt parbat hai jahan. New Delhi: Venture Publishers, n.d. Chanchal Singh. Pilgrimage to Shri Hem Kund. Spokesman Weekly, 32(46), 1983, 5–6.

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Gurmukh Singh ( Major). Gurdwara Sri Hem Kunt Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 269–70. Jawahar Singh. Hemkunt Darshan. Hardwar: Jamuna Press, 1965. Jawahar Singh. Pilgrimage to Shri Hem Kund. Spokesman Weekly, 15(3), 1965, 5. Khalsa, Shakta Kaur. Yatra to Sri Hemkunt. Beads of Truth, 2(23), 1989, 40–48. Michaud, Heather. Walking in the footsteps of the Guru: Yatra of Sir Hemkunt Sahib. Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 52–57. Neki, Jaswant Singh. Pilgrimage to Hemkunt. New Delhi, UBS Publishers, 2002. 95p. Puri, C.S. Grand spiritual experience: Journey to Hem Kunt. Sikh Review, 27(302), Feb 1979, 30–32. Rajguru, Suparna and M.S. Siali. Gurdwara in the Himalayas: Sri Hemkunt Sahib. New Delhi: Hemkunt, 2001. 72p. Saran Singh. Hem Kunt. Sikh Review, 13(14), 1965, 21–26. Shant, Pratap Singh. Hemkund: The pool of everlasting snow. Sikh Review, Jan 1973, 21–24. Sri Hem Kunt Sahib. Kanpur, 1979. Sujan Singh. Hem Kunt: A mountain paradise. Sikh Review, 23(256), Apr 1975, 24–25. Tara Singh. Notes from Sri Hemkunt Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1982.

19.3. Sis Ganj Bali, Jang Bahadur. Sis Ganj: The story of the Sikh historical shrines of Delhi. New Delhi: Swarn Prakashan, 1967. 76p. Bhajan Singh. Gurdwara Sis Ganj and the kotwali. Spokesman Weekly, 20(15), 7 Dec 1970, 7, 11. Also in Sikh Review, 19(207), Feb 1971, 46–49. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Sis Ganj Gurdwara. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 100–109. Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Delhi: A digest from visitor’s diary. Spokesman Weekly, 15(36), 9 May 1966, 8. Gurdwara Sis Ganj ﬁring inquiry committee (1930). (Chairman: K.I. Rallia Ram). Report on the ﬁring into the Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Delhi on May 6. 70p. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 547. Mohinder Singh. History of Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Delhi. In G.S. Talib, Ed. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. Mohinder Singh. Gurdwara Sis Ganj: Its origin and history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 108–116.

19.4. Rikab Ganj Ahuja, D.R. Gurdwara Rakab Ganj stands where Tegh Bahadur was cremated. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 23 Oct 1977, 5, 7.

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Bhajan Singh. New set-up of Gurdwara Rikab Ganj: A centre of Sikh cultural activities. Spokesman Weekly, 20(19), 14 Dec 1970, 4. Gulcharan Singh. Gurdwara Rikab Ganj: A monument of great sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 27–28. Gurdwara Rikab Ganj: A digest from the visitor’s diary. Spokesman Weekly, 15(39), 30 May 1966, 10. Harjot Singh. From Gurdwara Rikabganj to the Viceregal Palace: A study of religious protest. Panjab Past and Present, 14(1), Apr 1980, 182–98. Harnam Singh. Gurdwara Rikab Ganj Sahib. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 547–48. Sangat Singh. Gurdwara Rikab Ganj affair. Spokesman Weekly, 22(1), 1972, 35–36. Sangat Singh. Gurdwara Rikab Ganj: Origin and history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 93–102. Sangat Singh. History of Gurdwara Rikab Ganj. Spokesman Weekly, 15(14), 29 Dec 1965, 5, 10.

19.5. Gurdwaras Outside India Ahluwalia, Mohan Singh. Gurdwaras in Baghdad. Spokesman Weekly, May 2003, 43–44. Amita Singh. Gurdwaras in the Middle East. Sikh Review, 17(185), Dec 1968, 56–57. Bajwa, Kulwinder Singh. Gurdwara Sahid Ganj, Lahore. Journal of Regional History, 7, 2001, 45–60. Bawa, Ujagar Singh. Historical Sikh shrines in Pakistan. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 35–41. Bawa, Ujagar Singh. Sikh Gurdwaras in Pakistan: Wanted an SGPC initiative. Sikh Review, 47(3), Mar 1999, 18–19. Bedi, Rahul. Bhai Joga Singh Gurdwara in Dabgari (Peshawar). Spokesman Weekly, 37(48), 29 Aug 1988. Bhag Singh. Bangladesh historical Gurdwaras. Sikh Review, 35(403), Jul 1987, 51–52. Bhag Singh. Historical Gurdwaras in Bangladesh. Sikh Review, 22(250), Oct 1974, 9–11. Bhag Singh. Historical Gurdwaras in Bangladesh and need for their preservation. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 55–60. Bhag Singh. Liberation of Gurdwaras in Bangladesh. Panjab Past and Present, 9(2), Oct 1975, 418–26. Also in Sikh Review, 20(220), Mar 1972, 24–29. Bhutiani, D.S. Gurdwara Nanak Shahi Dhaka. Sikh Review, 43(11), Nov 1995, 45–48. Gurdwara Nanak Shahi (Bangladesh). In Sirajul Islam, Ed. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2003. Vol. 4: 476–77. Gurdwaras in Afghanistan. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 161–63. Gurdwaras in Iran, Iraq. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 164.

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Gurmit Singh. Control of Sikh shrines in Pakistan: Discontent and shariat laws. Spokesman Weekly, 30(17), 22 Dec 1980, 6–7. Harbans Singh. Restoration of Gurdwara Nanak Shahi, Dhaka. Sikh Review, 48(1), Jan 2000, 53–55. Hardip Singh and Anup Singh. Sikh pilgrimage to Pakistan: Illustrated guide. London: Gurbani Cassette Centre UK, 1985. 32p. Hari Singh, Ed. Sikh heritage, Gurdwaras and memorials in Pakistan. New Delhi: Asian Publication Services, 1994. 121p. Hukam Singh. Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Bangkok: A unique Sikh institution worthy of emulation. Spokesman Weekly, 30(31), 30 Mar 1981, 7. Kapur Singh. Sikh Gurdwaras left in Pakistan: Sikh expectations and demands. Sikh Review, 27(310), Oct 1979, 69–72. Kartar Singh. Fate of Sikh shrines in Pakistan. Amritsar: The author, n.d. 32p. Mahinder Singh. Glimpses of Gurdwaras in Far-East. Sikh Review, 36(41), Sept 1988, 48–49. Maini, Darshan Singh. Two Gurdwaras in Dhaka. Sikh Review, 33(284), Dec 1985, 37–41. Maini, Darshan Singh. Two Sikh shrines in Dhaka. Sikh Courier, 26(61), 1986, 14–17. Meharvan Singh. Management and preservation of sanctity of Sikh shrines in Pakistan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(20), 14 Jan 1980, 5–6. Mukul, Akshaya. Lahore’ Gurdwara Sahid Ganj. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004. Nairobi Gurdwara. Spokesman Weekly, 32(2), 13 Sept 1982, 3–4. Nankana Sahib and other Gurdwaras in Pakistan. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 145–59. Nirankari, Man Singh and G.S. Malhotra. Appraisal of Sikh shrines in Pakistan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(18), 31 Dec 1979, 5–6. Preetam Singh. Gurdwaras in Pakistan: An overview. Sikh Review, 47(12), Dec 1999, 19–24. Qaiser, Iqbal. Historical Sikh shrines in Pakistan. Lahore: Punjabi History Board, 1998. 412p. Ravinder Jit Singh. Sikhs of the Gurdwara: Maintaining Sikh identity in the Deep South. Honors Thesis. Millsaps College, 1990. 65p. Roop Inder Singh. Gurdwaras in Burma. Sikh Review, 23(259) Jul 1975, 42–44. Sacred Sikh shrines associated with Guru Arjan Dev in Pakistan. Spokesman Weekly, 35(41), 9 Jun 1986, 5. Waliullah Khan, Muhammad. Sikh Shrines in Pakistan. New Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2000. 143p. Waliullah Khan, Muhammad. Sikh shrines in West Pakistan. Karachi: Department of Archaeology, 1962. 143p.

20. Sikh Warriors & Martyrs Affeife, Gyani Nihal Singh. Two shining stars: (the unique martyrdom). 1959. 38p. Ahuja, R.L. Philosophy of martyrdom. Panchbati Sandesh, 6(4), Apr 1984, 113–18. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 10(1), Apr 1976, 16–22. Ahuja, R.L. Politics of martyrdom. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 108–121. Amar Singh. Martyrdom that re-vitalized Dharma. Sikh Review, 44(12), Dec 1996, 13–19. Anand, Mulk Raj. Martyrdom of innocents. Spokesman Weekly, 36(16), Dec 29, 1986, 4–5. Bains, Hardial S. The call of the martyrs: On the crisis in India and the present situation in the Punjab. Toronto: Marx, Engel, Lenin, Stalin Institute, 1985. 195p. Balkar Singh. Martyrdom: A continuing feature in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 63–78. Bajwa, K.S. The ﬁrst martyr of Gurdwara reform movement: Bhai Hazara Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 364–67. Bhag Singh. A saga of the Sikh courage. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sept 1987, 57–50. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. National movement and the Sikhs: The martyrdom tradition. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2000. 287p. Cheema, Baljinder Singh. Concept of martyrdom in Sikhism. Sachkhand Patra, 13(5), Feb 1987, 8–95. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, Feb–Mar 1986, 88–90. Cheema, Baljinder Singh. Sikh martyrs of the seventeenth century. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1985. Concise list of Sikh martyrs. Amritsar: S.S. Missionary College, n.d. 32p. Darshan Singh. Nature and tradition of martyrdom in Sikh religion. Journal of Religious Studies, 31(1–2), 2000, 111–23. Das Gupta, R.K. Least we forget those patriotic Sikhs. Aryan Heritage, 4(36), May 1987, 30–31. Data, Piara Singh. The great Sikh martyrs. Revised and edited by S.P. Gulati. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 108p. Dhillon, Ravinder Singh. Sahidi tradition in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 47(2), Feb 1999, 26–31. Fenech, Louis E. Contested nationalism: Negotiated terrains: The way Sikhs remember Udham Singh ‘Shahid’ (1899–1940). Modern Asian Studies, 36(4), Oct 2002, 827–70. Fenech, Louis E. Martyrdom and the Sikh tradition. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 117(4), Oct–Dec 1997, 623–. Fenech, Louis E. Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition: Playing the ‘Game of Love’. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. 306p. Gopal Singh. Darshan Singh Pheruman: The ﬁrst martyr of Sikh homeland. In his Politics of Sikh homeland, 1940–1990. New Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1994. Gulcharan Singh. Young martyrs. Sikh Review, 18(189), Apr 1970, 35–39.

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Guleria, J.S. Sikh warriors. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 40–42. Gupta, Hari Ram. Limb by limb: The story of Bhai Mani Singh. Sikh Review, 36(414), June 1988, 19–22. Gurmukh Singh. Bhai Mani Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 39–41. Gurmukh Singh. Identity of Bhai Mani Singh Saheed. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 80–79. Gurtej Singh. Life of Bhai Mani Singh. Sikh Review, 18(189), Apr 1970, 41–44. Harbans Singh. Lest we forget the martyrs of Nankana Sahib massacre: A unique example of supreme sacriﬁces. Spokesman Weekly, 31(24), Feb 22, 1982, 4. Harbans Singh. Martyrdom of Chamkaur and Sirhind. Spokesman Weekly, 32(17), Dec 27, 1982, 4–5. Harpreet Kaur. Sikh tradition of sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 36(14), 35 Annual Number, 1986. Hazara Singh. Homage to martyrs. Sikh Review, 21(237), Aug 1973, 5–8. Jagdev, Santokh Singh. Sikh martyrs, vol. 7 of the Bed time stories. Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1998. Jaswant Singh. Martyrdom in Sikhism. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Jan–Mar 2002, 29–32. Kang, Mona. Concept of martyrdom in Sikhism and Sikh martyrs up to the eighteenth century. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1990. 246p. Karnail Singh. History of the Sikh courage and sacriﬁce. Sikh Review, 25(284), Aug 1977, 55–63. Kartar Singh. Life of Bhai Taru Singh: The martyr of non-violence vindicated. Tarn Taran: Sikh Religious Tract Society, n.d. 76p. Kartar Singh. The Sikh martyrs: Brief accounts of the lives of a few Sikh martyrs. Bangkok: Sri Guru Singh Sabha, (1970). 134p. Keppley-Mahmood, Cynthia. Playing the game of love: Passion and martyrdom among Khalistani Sikhs. In Catherine Lowe Besteman, Ed. Violence: A reader. New York: New York University Press, 2002. Khusdeva Singh. Massacre of Nanak Sahib. Sikh Review, 21(231), Feb 1973, 28–31. Klausner, S.Z. Martyrdom. In Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: McMillan, 1987. Vol. 9: 230. Kulmohan Singh. Shadat Naama: Brief account of Sikh martyrs. New Delhi: Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee, 1994. 31p. Lakshman Singh (Bhagat). Sikh martyrs. Madras: Ganesh & Co., 1923. 257p. Madanjit Kaur. Bhai Mati Das: A proﬁle and tribute. Sikh Review, 46(12), Dec 1998, 28–30. Martyrdom of the two infant sons of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. Lahore: Arobans Press, 1895. 32p. Mohinder Singh. Martyrdom: Concept and quality. Spokesman Weekly, 36(38), June 1987, 6.

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Mukh Dayal. Stirring stories of the heroism of Sikh women and the martyrdom of a Sikh youth. Lahore: Khalsa Agency, 1906. 34p. Narain Singh. It is the man and his cause that make him martyr. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7, Feb–Aug 1980, 79–90. Neogi, Meheshwar. Chatanaya Singh: The Sikh who died for Assam sovereignty. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 71–78. Oberoi, J.P.S. Martyrdom, non-violence and revolution. In his Religion, civil society, and the state: A study of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. Oberoi, J.P.S. Martyrdom versus kingdom: The ﬁfth Guru. In his Religion, civil society, and the state: A study of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. Parm Bakhshish Singh and R.K. Ghai, Eds. Martyrs of the Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. 155p. Vol. 1. Parvinder Singh. Udham Singh: Hero extraordinary. Sikh Review, 39(3), Mar 1991, 23–26. Peerless martyrs. Sikh Review, 30(348), Dec 1982, 36–41. Prem Singh. Saint martyr Baba Jiva Singh. Sikh Review, 19(207), Feb 1971, 40–41. Pritam Singh. Exemplary sacriﬁce of a Sikh youth. Sikh Review, 34(385), Jan 1986, 47–48. Rajinder Singh. Martyrdom and its impact. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 91–95. Ralhan, O.P. Indian national movement, vol. 3: Punjabi martyrs of freedom: Specially written on Diamond Jubilee Year of Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. 433p. Recognizing martyrs. Spokesman Weekly, 31(15), Dec 1981, 3. Saga of Sikh heroism. Spokesman Weekly, 31(1), Sept 1987, 8. Santokh Singh. Tales of truth: Sikh martyrs. Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1991. 207p. Sidhu, Choor Singh. Amar Shaheed Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Martyr of the Sikh faith. Herts, United Kingdom: European Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997. Satpal Singh. Sardar Sham Singh Attariwala: The martyr of Sabraon. Spokesman Weekly, 29(24), Feb 1980, 6–7. Satpal Singh and Nancy Singh. Pir Budh Shah and his supreme sacriﬁce. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(2), Aug 1983, 84–88. Shan, Harnam Singh. Unique and immortal martyrdom. Sikh Review, 25(78), Feb 1977, 28–34. Sikander Singh. Udham Singh alias Ram Mohammed Azad: A great patriot and martyr. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1998. 391p. Sikh martyrs. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 25–34. Sikh martyrs. Sachkhand Patra, 12(5), Feb 1986, 10–13. Sokhi, Barinder Pal Singh. Sahibzadae: Youngest martyrs in history. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 26–30.

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Syngal, Munna Lal. Patriot prince or the life story of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha who died as a martyr. Ludhiana: Doaba House, 1961. 164p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Concept and tradition of martyrdom in Sikhism. In G.S. Talib, Ed. Guru Teg Bahadur: Background and supreme sacriﬁce. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 179–200. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Martyrdom. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 3: 55–61. Teja Singh. Martyrdom of the innocents and Guru Gobind Singh’s Zafarnamah. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1999. 120p. Trilochan Singh. Martyrdom of Baba Gurbaksh Singh and counter attack of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 20(225), Aug 1972, 49–62. Uberoi, J.P.S. Martyrdom (Martyrs in Sikhism). Seminars (New Delhi), 476, Apr 1999, 50–53.

20.1. Baba Deep Singh Baba Deep Singh. Martyrdom of innocents. Spokesman Weekly, 32(23), Feb 7, 1983, 5. Baba Deep Singh. A matchless martyrs. Spokesman Weekly, 36(22), Feb 9, 1987, 5. Deol, Gurdev Singh. The story of Baba Deep Singh. Sikh Review, 40(3), Mar 1992, 34–37. Dilbir Singh. On 300th birthday celebration of Baba Deep Singh: The matchless martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 31(21), Feb 1, 1982, 4. Gurudas, S.S. Baba Deep Singh: The great martyr who defended Darbar Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 32(10), Nov 8, 1982, 5–9. Harnam Singh. Life of Baba Dip Sing Sahib. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1924. 39p. Martyrdom of Baba Dip Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 35(11), Nov 11, 1985, 5. Minhas, Surjit Singh. Baba Deep Singh’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 18(188), Mar 1969, 26– 27. Thapar, K.S. Baba Dip Singh Sahid. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 587–88.

20.2. Akali Phoola Singh Akali Phoola Singh: The monk-general. Spokesman Weekly, 31(27), 15 Mar 1982, 4. Bhag Singh. The last battle of Akali Phula Singh. Sikh Review, 39(8), Aug 1991, 29–31. Gulcharan Singh. Akali Phoola Singh. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(1), Jun 1982, 38–44. Rajinder Singh. Akali Phoola Singh: The great warrior. Spokesman Weekly, 29(28), 10 Mar 1980, 4. Also in Sikh Review, Mar 1981, 42–45.

20.3. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Ahuja, A.D. Bhagat Singh: The colossal martyr. Sikh Review, 31(336), Dec 1981, 34–38. Amarjit Singh. Bhagat Singh and the revolutionaries of 1920s: A historiographic resume. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 22(2), Oct 1991, 241–49.

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Bakshi, S.R. Bhagat Singh and his ideology. New Delhi: Capital Publishers, 1981. 304p. Bakshi, S.R. Bhagat Singh: Patriot and martyr. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1990. 231 p. Bakshi, S.R. Emergence of Bhagat Singh. In his Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 7: 54–67. Bhagat Singh. He was not a man, he was a movement. Spokesman Weekly, 36(29), Mar 1987, 8. Brown, Emily C. Bhagat Singh. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 316–18. Das, Dharani Dhar. Sardar Bhagat Singh. Contemporary (New Delhi), 19(8), Aug 1975, 16–17. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Bhagat Singh: A biography. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 138p. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh. Nabha: Deep Prakashan, 1978. 134p. Ghosh, Ajay. Bhagat Singh and his comrades. Bombay: People’s Publishing House, 1946. 36p. Gupta, Manmath Nath. Bhagat Singh and his times. Delhi: Lipi Prakashan, 1977. 223p. Hazara Singh. Bhagat Singh and the freedom struggle. Contemporary (New Delhi), 19(4), Apr 1975, 32–33, 35. Hazara Singh. Contribution of Bhagat Singh to the freedom struggle. Sikh Review, 23(257), May 1975, 21–27. Hazara Singh. Shaheed Bhagat Singh: The great martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 29(30), Mar 1980, 4, 10. Hazara Singh. Shaheed Bhagat Singh and the freedom movement. Sikh Courier, 9(3), Sum–Aut 1978, 16–20. Hazara Singh. Shaheed Bhagat Singh: The martyr. Sikh Review, 18(202), Sept 1970, 11–13. Hazara Singh. Shaheed Bhagat Singh: The precursor of independence. Sikh Review, 20(225), Aug 1972, 9–10. Hooja, Bhupendra. Bhagat Singh in jail and his diary, 1929–1931. Jaipur: Sanghar Vidya Sabha Trust, 1994. 16p. Josh, Sohan Singh. My meetings with Bhagat Singh and on other early revolutionaries. New Delhi: Communist Party of India, 1976. 87p. Kamlesh Mohan. Bhagat Singh: His contribution to the ideological aspect of freedom struggle in India. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 9th session, 1975, 221–30. Khullar, K.K. Shaheed Bhagat Singh. New Delhi: Hem Publishing, 1981. 154p. Mathur, L.P. Bhagat Singh: The prince of martyrs. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers, 2003. 232p. Mohinder Kaur. Terrorist movement and Bhagat Singh. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1984. Nayar, Kuldip. The martyr: Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 2000. 160p. Noorani, Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed. The trial of Bhagat Singh: Politics of justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 339 p.

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Rahbar, Hans Raj. Bhagat Singh and his thought. Delhi: Manak Publications, 1990. 204p. Rao, Niraja. Bhagat Singh and the revolutionary movement. Revolutionary Democracy, 3(1), April 1997. Saigal, Omesh. Shaheed Bhagat Singh: Unique martyr in freedom movement. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2002. 314p. Salim, Ahmad. Bhagat Singh and his comrades. In Ahmed Saleem, Ed. Punjab revisited. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, 1995, pp. 491–96. Sandhu, Virendra. Saheed Bhagat Singh. Delhi, 1974. Sanyal, J.N. Amar Shaheed Sardar Bhagat Singh. Mirzapur: Krantikari Prakashan, 1971. 142p. Sethi, L.G. Bhagat Singh: The great martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 30(30), Mar 1981, 9–11. Swaran Singh. Path of revolution: A biography of Shaheed Bhagat Singh. Delhi: Wellwish Publishers, 1998. 112p. Thakur, Gopal. Bhagat Singh: The man and his ideas. Bombay: People’s Publishing House, 1962. 48p. They died so that India may live: Fiftieth anniversary of Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev. Chandigarh: Punjab Government, 1981. 46p. Verma, Varsha. Role of Sardar Bhagat Singh in India’s freedom struggle. Ph.D. Thesis. Meerut University, (1983).

21. Sikh Music (Gurbani Kirtan) Amardeep Singh. Flows and pause in Gurbani Kirtan. Sikh Review, 49(1), Jan 2001, 10–12. Ardaman Singh. The Sikh Kirtan. Sikh Review, 20(222), May 1972, 38–43. Avtar Singh and Gurcharan Singh. Gurbani Sangit. Patiala, 1979. Baldeep Singh. The tradition of Kirtan and its discipline. In P.S. Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 151–65. Barrow, Joy. The Akhand Kirtini Jatha: A local study of the beliefs and practices of its members. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 8(1), Jan–June 2001, 97–116. Chaitanya, Krishna. Sikh religious music. Sikh Review, 16(175), Feb 1968, 9–10. Chopra, Ravindra Mohan. Music in Sikhism. Amrit Kirtan, 16(1), Jan 2004, 21–22. Chopra, Ravindra Mohan. Role of music and melody in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 12–16. Chris Mooney Singh. Al Rabab to Sri Rabab: Journey of the chosen instrument. SikhSpectrum.com Monthly, 2, July 2002. Chris Mooney Singh. Music worship: The gift of Guru Nanak. Amrit Kirtan, 12, Jul 2000, 29–31. Chris Mooney Singh. Shabad Kirtan: The international medium of communication. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(3), Jul–Sep 2002, 30–33. Chris Mooney Singh. Sikhism and other world religious musical traditions. Amrit Kirtan, 12, Aug 2000, 30–31. Curtis, Marie Joy. Gurmat Sangit or sacred music of the Sikhs. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 157–79. Daljit Singh. Basis of Shabad Kirtan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41–42), 9–10 June 1980, 13. Daljit Singh. Sikh sacred music. Ludhiana: Sikh Sacred Music Society, 1967. 90p. Dimpy Gurvinder Singh. The creative tradition of spiritual music in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 51(8), Aug 2003, 4–6. Gian Singh. Gurbani Sangeet. Amritsar: SGPC, 1961. 380p. Gill, Ranjit Singh. The tradition of Sikh devotional Kirtan. In his Adi Granth paintings: RagaRagamala & Baramaha. New Delhi: Aravali International, 2002. Gurbani Kirtan. Dr. Gurnam Singh’s contribution. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 19–20. Gurmukh Singh. Gurbani Sangeet into 21st century: Contribution of Bhai Dya Singh of Australia. Sikh Review, 51(8), Aug 2003, 31–33. Gurnam Singh. Gurmat Sangeet: Punjab’s musical heritage. The Tribune (Chandigarh), May 5, 2003, 9. Gurnam Singh. Sikh musicology. In Harchand Singh Bedi, Ed. The Sikhs in the new century. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 2001, pp. 232–49. Also in Amrit Kirtan, 13, Jan 2001, 22–27.

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Gursharan Singh and Jagir Singh, Eds. Essays on Gurmat Sangeet in honour of Sardar Jodh Singh. Patiala: Sardar Jodh Singh Memorial Trust, 1994. 169p. Hakam Singh. Kirtan: Then and now. Sikh Review, 47(1), Jan 1999, 47–49. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Keertan to enter the spiritual light of universal intelligence. Jeewan Rishma, Apr–Jun 2003, 7–8. Jagir Singh. Rababi Kirtaniya: A forgotten heritage. Sikh Review, 26(411), Mar 1988, 44–47. Jagroop Singh. Gurbani Kirtan and the imitable Dya Singh. Sikh Review, 50(11), Nov 2002, 22–23. Johar, Surinder Singh. Music in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(23), 29 Feb 1988, 3–4. Kanwaljit Singh. Sikh sacred music. Sikh Messenger, Spr–Sum 1992, 21–24. Khanna, Jatinder Singh. Sikh Bhakti Sangeet. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1988. Kulbir Kaur. Kirtan: The highway to bliss. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 16–17. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Gurus and Kirtan. In G.S. Mansukhani. Indian classical music and Sikh Kirtan. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1982. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and his Kirtan. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 15–16. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sri Guru Ram Das and Kirtan. Sikh Review, 27(309), Sept 1979, 45–50; and 30(345), Sept 1982, 47–52. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Indian classical music and the origin of Sikh Kirtan. The Sikh Reformer, 4, Dec 1993, 16–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Indian classical music and Sikh Kirtan. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1982. 163p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Music of the Divine Masters. In G.S. Mansukhani. Indian classical music and Sikh Kirtan. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1982. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Music of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Courier, 19(1), Win 1979– Spr 1980, 7–9. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Performance of Kirtan. In G.S. Mansukhani. Indian classical music and Sikh Kirtan. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1982. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Poetry and music in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 45–55. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Ragas of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. In G.S. Mansukhani. Indian classical music and Sikh Kirtan. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1982. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. The unstuck melody: Musical mysticism in the scripture. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 117–28. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Value and importance of Gurbani Kirtan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(26), 25 Feb 1980, 5–6. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Value of Kirtan. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 27–28. Mrigendra Singh. Guru Nanak and divine music. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 249–60.

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Musical instruments. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 162–65. Music and structure of the Guru Granth Sahib. In Kerry Brown, Ed. Sikh art and literature. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 200–201. Nanda, J. Prakash. Thrills of Kirtan: A spiritual safri. Sikh Review, 41(9), Sept 1993, 39–43. Nijhawan, Michael. Shared melodies, partitioned repertoires? Ethnography of Sikh and Suﬁ dhadi performance in contemporary Punjab. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 10(1–2), Jan–Dec 2003, 47–76. Nirmal Singh. Music and Sikh spirituality. In his Exploring Sikh spirituality & the paradox of their stereotyping in contemporary American setting. Sanbun Publishers, 2003. Paintal, Ajit Singh. Kirtan: Sikh devotional music & life sketches of famous Ragis. Sikh Review, 45(11), Nov 1997, 34–39. Paintal, Ajit Singh. Nature and place of music in Sikh religion and its afﬁnity with Hindustani classical music. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1972. Paintal, Ajit Singh. Sikh devotional music: Its main traditions. National Centre for the Performing Arts Quarterly Journal, 11(2), June 1982, 17–24. Paintal, Ajit Singh. Tradition of Gurbani Kirtan. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), July–Dec 2001, 102–110. Pettigrew, J. Songs of the Sikh resistance movement + texts of 6 songs. Asian Music, 23(1), 1991, 85–118. Prayer music of Sikhs. Sound Recording: Compact disc (59 min.). Tokyo: JVC, 1988. Pritam Singh. Kirtan and the Sikhs. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 5–8 & 182–86. Also in Sikh Review, 27(311), Nov 1979, 52–58. Pritam Singh. Keertana and the Sikhs. In Gursharan Singh and Jagir Singh, Eds. Essays on Gurmat Sangeet in honour of Sardar Jodh Singh. Patiala: Memorial Trust, 1994, pp. 89–93. Pritam Singh. Tradition of devotional music in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 36(413), May 1988, 26–32. Purity of Shabad Kirtan. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(1), June 1983, 25–27. Raghavan, V. Shabad Kirtan. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 58–59. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 29(45), July 1980. Rajneet Kaur. The nature and the place of pictures based on Ragas in Shri Guru Granth Sahib and its afﬁnity with the other pictures based on Indian music. Ph.D. Thesis. Kurukshetra University, 1996. Raminder Singh. Kirtan: The divine music. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 35–40. Sacred music of the Sikhs: Bangla Sahib Temple, Delhi. Sound Recording. Los Angeles, CA: Victor Musical Industries; distributed by JVC Musical Industries, 1990. Santokh Singh. Translation and transliteration of Shabad Keertan: Sikh holy hymns. Princeton, Ont.: Spiritual Awakening Studies, 2002. 407p. 3rd Ed. Sarabjot Kaur. Kirtan in Sikhism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 105–12.

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Sarna, Jasbir Singh. Kirtan in Sikhism. Sikhs Past and Present, 2(1), Spr 1992, 137–40. Sarna, Jasbir Singh. Importance of Kirtan in Gurmat. Sikh Courier, 32(74), Aut–Win 1992, 12–13. Sarna, Jasbir Singh. Importance of Kirtan: Devotional singing. Sikh Review, 41(11), Nov 1992, 44–45. Sengupta, R. Devotional music in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 48(9), Sep 2000, 43–45. Sher Singh Sher. Contribution of Sikh Gurus to Indian musicology. In Gursharan Singh and Jagir Singh, Eds. Essays in honour of Sardar Jodh Singh. Patiala: Memorial Trust, 1994, pp. 83–88. Also in Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 319–27. Sikandar Singh. Gurmat sangeet. Amrit Kirtan, 12, May 2000, 24–33; and Jun 2000, 31–34. Sikh sacred music. New Delhi: Sikh Sacred Music Society, 1967. 90p. Sobti, Charanjit Rimi. Kirtan: The wonderful lifeline. Sikh Review, 46(9), Sept 1998, 54–55. Surinder Singh. Mere Mun: Shabads and music from the Sikh scriptures. Saffron- Sikh Music Heritage, 2001. 194p. Surinder Singh. Sikh music: The shabads. In Nalini Menon, Ed. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 168–77. Surinder Singh (Singh Bandhu). Sikh music (Gurmat Sangeet). Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), Jan–June 2001, 108–116. Talib, G. S. Kirtan. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 516–19.

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Jaswant Singh. First Sikh battalion—1846–1919. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 233–37. Jaswant Singh. Saga of bravery of Sikhs in Indian Armed Forces, 1947–71. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 32nd session, 2000, 223–. Kang, K.S. Leadership and gallantry of the Sikh military. In Nalini Menon, Ed. The Khalsa: A saga of excellence. New Delhi: Media Transasia India, 1999, pp. 138–47. Kanwaljit Singh and H. S. Ahluwalia. Saragarhi Battalion: Ashes to glory- History of the 4th Battalion, the Sikh Regiment (XXXVI). New Delhi : Lancer International, 1987. 300p. Key, B.W., Ed. An eye witness account of the defence of the Malakand, 26 July-2 August 1897 (Part taken by the 45th Sikhs). Army Quarterly and Defence Journal (Devon, England), 107(4), Oct 1977, 449–59. Khalidi, Omar. Ethnic group recruitment in the Indian army: The contrasting cases of Sikhs, Muslims, Gurkhas and others. Paciﬁc Affairs, 74(4), Win 2001–2002, 529–52. Khan, M. Valour of Sikh soldiers. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 33–34. Khanduri, Chandra B. Gallant Sikh of Operation Vijay. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 56–58. Khanna, Prem K. and Pushpinder S. Chpora. Portrait of courage: Century of the 5th battalion , the Sikh Regiment, XLVII (D.C.O) Sikhs. New Delhi: Military Studies Convention, 2001. 279p. Khurana, G. J.D. Cunningham’s account of the political conditions and military resources of the Punjab-1844: A valuable (unpublished) source for the study of the period. Indian History Congress Proceedings, Delhi, 42nd session, 1981, 433–38. Khushwant Singh. Sikhs and the sepoy mutiny of 1857. Missionary, 3 (11), 1962, 15–27. Knight, Ian. The military Sikhs. In Susan Stronge, Ed. The arts of the Sikh kingdoms. Delhi: Prakash Books, 1999, pp. 134–51. Kundu, Apurba. The Indian Armed Forces’ Sikh and Non-Sikh Ofﬁcers’ opinions of Operation Blue Star. Paciﬁc Affairs, 67(1), Spr 1994, 46–69. MacMunn, George. History of Sikh pioneers: 23rd, 32nd and 34th . London: Sampson Low & Co., 1936. 560p. Macrae, H. St. G.M. Regiments history of the 45th Rattray’s Sikh. Glasgow: Robert Markhose, 1933. Madra, Amandeep Singh and Parmjit Singh. Warrior saints: Three centuries of the Sikh military tradition. London: I.B. Tauris in association with the Sikh Foundation, 1999. 182p. Majumdar, B.N. Military system of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Army Educational Stores, 1965. 235p. May, C.W. History of the 2nd Sikhs 12th Frontier Force Regiment 1846–1933. Jubbalpore: Mission Press, 1933. 153p. Misra, K.S. Superiority of Sikh army. Spokesman Weekly, 32(50), 15 Aug 1983, 5. Mohan Singh. Armed forces and the Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 32(21), 1983, 7. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. The attitude of Sikh army after 1839. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 15th session, 1981, 157–61. Paramjit Singh. Role of First Patiala Infantry in the First World War. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, 1987, 359–63.

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Samra, Mandeep Kaur. Baba Prem Singh Hoti’s views about the important personalities of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s time: A case study o Rani Sada Kaur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 30th session, March 1998, 87–90. Samra, Paige Pinky. Sikh women’s stresses living in extended families. M.Ed. Thesis. Edmonton: University of Alberta, 1996. 81p. Sandhu, Anoop Kaur and Tejinder Kaur Samagh. Sikh women. In Jarnail Singh and John Spellman, Eds. Proceeding of the Sikh conference. Willowdale, Ont: The Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1979. Sandhu, H.K. Technological development versus economic contribution of women in rural Punjab. Social Change, 6(3–4), Sep–Dec 1976, 18–21. Sandhu, I.K. Role of Sikh women in history. Sikh Courier, 8(4) Aut–Win 1976–77, 16–20. Also in Sikh Review, 35(401), May 1987, 8–15. Sandhu, P., et al. Impact of changing conditions and scenario on health and social life of elderly women of urban Punjab. Social Change, 32(1–2), 2002, 147–. Sardarni Sada Kaur (1762–1832). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 2–3. Sasha. Social condition of women during the plague epidemic in the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 31st session, March 1999, 143–48. Satwant Kaur: A ﬁctional account of an abducted Sikh girl, by Bhai Vir Singh et al. Washington Sikh Center/Sikh Youth Forum, 1987. 211p. Saugar, S.P. Female ornament of the 19th century Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 3rd session, March 1968, 191–98. Sekhon, Harinder Kaur. Sikh women. In Subodh Kapoor, Ed. The Indian Encyclopaedia. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 2002. Vol. 21: 6609–11. Sekhon, Harinder Kaur. Sikhs and the rights of women. Nishaan, 4, 2002, 12–16. Sekhon, Harinder Kaur. Status of women in Sikhism. http://www.sikhwomen.com/equality/ social/history/statusofwomeninsikhism.htm. Sekhon, Harinder Kaur. Women in Sikhism. Seminar, 476, Apr 1999, 33–36. Seth, Padma. Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur: A passionate ﬁghter for the women’s cause. In Verinder Grover and Ranjana Arora, Eds. Great women of modern India. New Delhi: Deep & Deep, 1993. Vol. 5: 3364–66. Sethi, Raj Mohini. Changing patterns of female labour in agriculture: The case of Punjab. Social Action, 34(4), Oct–Dec 1984, 354–367. Sethi, Raj Mohini. Female labour in agriculture: A case of Punjab. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1982. 156 p. Sethi, Tanmeet. Ladies only (experiences of a Sikh woman). In Daisy Hernandez and Bushra Rehman, Eds. Colonize this! Young women of color on today’s feminism. New York: Seal Press, 2002, pp. 245–56. Shaﬁ, M. and J. Mayberry. Incorrect use of Pakistani and Sikh female titles. Lancet 1(8278), 1982, 960. Shan, Sharan-jit. In my own name: An autobiography. London: Women’s Press, 1985. 174p.

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Shankar, Rajkumari. Women in Sikhism. In Arvind Sharma, Ed. Women in Indian religions. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 108–33. Shankar, Rajkumari. Women in Sikhism. In Arvind Sharma, Ed. Religion and women. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1994, pp. 183–210. Sharma, Arvind, Ed. Today’s women in world religions. Albanay: SUNY Press, 1994. 459p. Sharma, Arvind, Ed. Women in world religions. Albanay: SUNY Press, 1987. 302p. Sharma, Meena. Punjabi women’s role in the civil disobedience. Panjab Past and Present, 21(1), Apr 1987, 198–203. Sharma, Neena. Women leaders of Quit India Movement in the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 421–24. Sharma, Radha. The women question and socio-religious reforms in the Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 31st session, March 1999, 149–54. Sharma, Radha and Harish Sharma. The position of women in the society of the Punjab as reﬂected in the customary laws. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 30th session, March 1998, 91–95. Shashi Bala. Female education and transformation in the status of women in Punjab, 1901–1947. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. Shashi Bala. Sikh spirituality and contribution of women. Sikh Review, 49(11), Nov 2001, 25–30. Shashi Bala. Women and worship: The Sikh perspective. Sikh Review, 51(5), May 2003, 32–39. Shashi Bala. Women and worship in Sikh perspective. In A. Thottakara, Ed. Women and worship: Perspectives from the world religions. Bangalore: Journal of Dharma & Dharmaram Publications, 2000. Shashi Bala. Women and worship: The Sikh perspective. Journal of Dharma, 26(2), 2001, 211–27. Sidhu, Govinder Kaur. A historical study of the development of female education in Punjab since 1849. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. 340p. Sidhu, Gurbachan Singh .The Sikh woman. Southall: Sikh Missionary Society, U.K., 1985. 2nd Ed. Sidhu, S. Pregnancy wastage in scheduled caste women of Punjab. Annals of Human Biology, 15(2), Mar–Apr 1988, 167–70. Sikh morality and women. In Raj Pruthi and Bela Rani Sharma, Ed. Sikhism and women. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1995. Sikh Women. Broadsheet, 136, Jan–Feb 1986, 24. Sikh Women Standing for Their Rights. Feb. 2003. In http://www.voicesforfreedom.org/index. asp?c2=/womens rights/newsItem1.asp. Singh, K.P. Economic development and female labour force participation: The case of the Punjab. Social Action, 30(2), Apr–Jun 1980, 128–37. Singh, K.P. Polyandry among the Jat Sikhs of Punjab. In Manis K. Raha, Ed. Polyandry in India. Delhi: Gyan Publishing, 1987, pp. 233–43.

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Singh, K.P. Status of women in Punjab and Haryana. In K. Mahadevan, Ed. Women and population dynamics. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1989, pp. 243–59. Singh, K.P. Women, work and inequality: A case study of Punjab. In Abha Avasthi and A.K. Srivastava, Eds. Modernity, feminism and women empowerment. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2001, pp. 182–95. Singh, L. Trend of menopause among the women of Punjab. Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 38(4), 1980, 297–300. Singh, R. and P.L. Aggarwal. Information needs of Punjabi farm women. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 29, 1993, 50–54. Singla, Pawan K. Female education during British rule in Punjab. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 28th session, March 1996, 286–90. Snehi, Yogesh. In Punjab daughter means disgrace. The Tribune (Chandigarh), 20 July 2003, 3. Socio-economic status of Sikh women. In R.N. Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. Vol. 3. Sodhi, Pavna Kaur. Punjabi women living in Eastern Canada: A study exploring how parental attitudes inﬂuence intergenerational cultural preservation and ethnic identity formation. Ed. D. Thesis. University of Toronto, 2002. 176p. Sohan Singh. Truth and bare truth about the Sikh Kanya Maha Vidyala, Freozepur. Amritsar: Coronations Printing Works, 1915. Sohi, B.K. Wearing of helmet by Sikh women. Sikh Review, 50(585), Sept 2002, 56–58. Srivastava, Archana. Between expectation and experience: Lives of Gujarati and Sikh women ageing in London. Ph.D. Thesis. London: University of London, 1995. Srivastava, Jaya. The widows of November 1984. (Delhi Sikh women). In Pramila Dandvate, Ed. Widows, abandoned and destitute women in India. New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 1989. Srivastava, R.P. Family organization and change among the overseas Indians with special reference to Indian immigrant families in British Columbia (Sikh women). In G. Kurien, Ed. The family in India. The Hague: Mouton, 1974, pp. 369–91. Stirring stories of the heroism of Sikh women and the martyrdom of a Sikh youth. Lahore: Khalsa Agency, 1906. 34p. Sudarshan Singh. The position of Punjab women: Social beliefs and practices. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 34th session, Mar 2002, 278–85. Sudarshan Singh. Status of women under the Sikh Gurus. In his Sikh religion. New Delhi: Orient Publishing, 1979, pp. 109–28. Sukarchakia, Seema. Education of women in the Punjab, 1849–1947. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1988. Sukhjit Kaur. Mata Jeeto. In Mohinder Kaur Gill, Ed. Eminent Sikh women. New Delhi: Vijay Publications, 1999, pp. 76–87. Sukhjit Kaur. Mata Maha Devi. In Mohinder Kaur Gill, Ed. Eminent Sikh women. New Delhi: Vijay Publications, 1999, pp. 55–66. Sukhjit Kaur. Mata Sahib Kaur. In Mohinder Kaur Gill, Ed. The Guru’s consorts. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992, 185–200.

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Sureender, S., et al. Attitude towards female’s foeticide: Does it inﬂuence the survival status of female children ? (a case of Punjab). IASSI Quarterly, 16(3–4), 1998, 106–. Suri, Pushpa. Mata Gujari. In Mohinder Kaur Gill, Ed. The Guru’s consorts. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992, pp. 148–62. Suri, Surinder. Position of women in Sikhism. In Jyotsna Chatterji, Ed. Religions and the status of women. New Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1990, pp. 103–113. Surjit Kaur. Inherited scholarship: Dr. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh. In her Amongst the Sikhs: Reaching for the stars. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2003, pp. 72–73. Surjit Kaur. Place of women in Sikhism: Unequal partners. Sikh Review, 44(4), Apr 1996, 35–40. Surjit Kaur. The power behind the Yogi: Bibi Inderjit Kaur Khalsa. In her Amongst the Sikhs: Reaching for the stars. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2003, pp. 31–35. Surjit Kaur. Problems of women as discussed in Punjabi novel written after 1947-AD. Ph.D. Thesis. Jammu: University of Jammu, 1993. Tajinderpal Kaur. Bibi Bhani. In Mohinder Kaur Gill, Ed. The Guru’s consorts. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992, pp. 74–88. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Women in Sikhism. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 442–44 Taneja, Rita. Women education in Punjab, 1849–1947. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, (1980). Taranjit Kaur. Educating the emancipated Sikh women. In Jarnail Singh and John Spellman, Eds. Proceedings of the Sikh conference. Willowdale, Ontario: The Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1979. Teja, Mohinderjit Kaur. Dowry: A study in attitudes and practices. New Delhi: Inter-India Publications, 1993. 112 p. Teja Singh. What Sikhism did for womankind? Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1921. 16p. Teja Singh. Women in Sikhism. In his Essays in Sikhism. New Delhi: Siddhartha Publishers, 1989, pp. 44–49. Thompson, Pamela R. Health education for immigrant women: A manual and resource guide. (for Punjabi women) Vancouver, B.C.: Orientation Adjustment Services for Immigrants Society, 1986. 93p. Thukral, Raveen. Gender violence assertion of ‘Mardangi’ in Punjab: Study. Hindustan Times, 28 July 2003, 2. Tragedy of Mata Gujri. Spokesman Weekly, 5(18), 1955, 7. Uberoi, Narinder. Sikh women in South Hall. Race, 6(1), Jul 1964, 34–40. Upinderjit Kaur. Role and status of women in Sikhism. Journal of Religious Studies, 19(1), 1991, 74–88. Upinderjit Kaur. Women and Sikh religion. In her Sikh religion and economic development. New Delhi: National Book Organization, 1990, pp. 218–35. Valerie Kaur. Equality of women in Sikh ideology and practice. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Jan–Mar 2002, 21–24.

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Vasishth, Saroj. Daring daughters of Punjab. In The women of Punjab. Bombay: Chic Publications, 1983, pp. 21–23. Vellani, Nuri S. Alcohol consumption and acculturation: Study of women in a small minority population in Vancouver, Canada. Ph.D. Thesis University of South Carolina, 1994. 66p. Verma, Manju. The role of women in the freedom movement in Punjab (1919–1947). Delhi: Abhijeet Publications, 2003. 288p. Verma, S.M. Development of female education in the Patiala state: An analysis. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, March 1989, 391–99. Walia, Amrit. Female education in the Punjab. Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 109–120. Webster, John C.B., et al. Religion and the status of women in the Punjab. Batala: Baring Union Christian College, 1976. 24p. West, Jackie. South Asian women in employment: The impact of migration, ethnic origin and the local economy. New Community, 21(3), 1995, 357–78. Wharton, P.A., et al. Sub ethnic variation in the diets of Moslem, Sikh and Hindu pregnantwomen at Sorrento-maternity-hospital, Birmingham. British Journal of Nutrition, 52(3), 1984, 469–76. Williams, Marcelle. Ladies on the line: Punjabi cannery workers in Central California. In Making waves: An anthology of writings by and about Asian American women. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989, pp. 148–59. Women and life in Sikh religion. In Raj Pruthi and Bela Rani Sharma, Ed: Sikhism and women. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1995. Women and Sikhism. In Vijay K. Kaushik and Bela Rani Sharma, Eds. Indian women through ages. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 1998. Women in Punjab and Haryana. In Simmi Jain, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian women through ages. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2003. Vol. 4: 295–307. Women in Sikhism. In Jon Mayled. Sikhism. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 2003. The women of Punjab. Bombay: Chic Publications, 1983, 120p. Women victims of violence. In Pramod Kumar et al. Victims of militancy Punjab. Chandigarh: Institute for Development & Communication, 2001, pp. 9–47. Woman with a mission, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur: A centenary volume. New Delhi: All India Women’s Conference, 1989. 124p. Yaseen, G. Education of Indian women in the Punjab. Lahore: Government House, 1917. 60p.

24. Sikh Youths & Apostasy Anurag Singh. Apostasy in Sikh youth: The real issues. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 138–42. Balkar Singh. Sikh institutions and Sikh youth. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), Jan–Jun 1995, 58–64. Bawa, Ujagar Singh. Sikh youth in the non-Sikh environment. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Jan–Mar 2002, 36–41. Bhagwan, Taranjit Singh. Apostasy: Who’s responsible. Sikh Review, 43(4), Apr 1995, 50–52. Bhatia, Surjeet Singh. Apostasy in religion: A comparative study. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 116–25. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Apostasy of Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 37(83), Spr–Sum 1997, 22–26. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Apostasy among Sikh youth. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 76–81. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Blessings of Amrit: a call to youth worldwide. Sikh Review, 48(12), Dec 2000, 59–62. Deep, Devinder Singh. Youth: Its role & responsibility in 21st century. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 68–70. Dhillon, Jaswinder Kaur. Religion and philosophy of modern youth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Dhingra, Chanbir Singh. Travails of a Sikh youth. Sikh Review, 42(7), Jul 1994, 42–43. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Challenges of the twenty ﬁrst century and the Sikh youth. In Harchand Singh Bedi, Ed. The Sikhs in the new century. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 2001, pp. 76–82. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Role of the Sikh youth in the 21st century. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), Jul–Dec 2000, 107–114. Gibson, Margaret A. Home-school-community linkages: A study of educational opportunity for Punjabi youth: Final report. Stockton, CA: South Asian American Education Association, 1983. 253p. Gulab Singh and Pradeep Passi. Drug use in the South Asian community: A report on a pilot study targeting the South Asian community focusing on parents, religious organizations, community organizations/workers and young people. Preston: North West Lancashire Health Promotion Unit, 1997. 62p. Gurbachan Singh. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 147–51. Gurbakhsh Singh. Sikh Sakhis for the youth. Vancouver: Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society, 1994. 106p. 4th Ed. Gurbakhsh Singh. Teaching Sikh heritage to youth: Lessons learnt. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999. 102p.

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Guru Fateh Singh. Sikh youth: The going generation. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 143–46. Hall, Kathleen. Lives in translation: Sikh youth as British citizens. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. 259p. Harbans Lal (Bhai) and Gurbaksh Singh. Who is an Apostate? Journal of Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal, 2(2), 2000, 41–42. Also in Sikh Review, 49(9), Sep 2001, 24–26. Hakam Singh. Twenty-ﬁrst century & Sikh youth in the West. Sikh Review, 47(10), Oct 1999, 31–36. Hardit Singh. Apostasy amongst Sikhs. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1996, 43–47. Hardit Singh. Apostasy and Sikhism. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 126–33. Hardit Singh. The problem of apostasy. Sikh Review, 44(6), Jun 1996, 53–56. Jaswant Singh. Sikh youth today and media. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Jan–Mar 2003, 50–52. Joginder Singh. Sikh youth of tomorrow. In Jogendra Singh and Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Eds. Sikhism, today and tomorrow. Lahore: Modern Publications, 1945. 34 p. Kapoor, S.S. Youth forum: Questions and answers. Sikh Courier, 37(83), 1997, 33. Kanwaljit Singh. The problem of apostasy among Sikhs. Sikh Review, 39(6), Jun 1991, 23–30. Karnail Singh. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Its Causes and cures. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 29–39. Khalsa, Guru Fatha Singh. Sikh youth: Our tomorrow begins now. Sikh Review, 46(3), Mar 1998, 69–73. Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997. 258p. Khushwant Singh. The Sikh identity: The challenge for youth. Sikh Review, 51(2), Feb 2003, 66–67. Kirpal Singh. Opportunism of apostasy in the perspective of Sikh history. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 72–75. Kulraj Singh. To salvage our ethos, salvage the youth. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 64–71. Meharvan Singh. Resurgence of youth. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sep 1979, 43–. Mann, Jasbir Singh. Challenges for the Sikh youth and Sikhs in North America. Paper presented at the ‘International Conference on Sikh Studies’ (Surrey, BC, Canada), May 2000. Mohinder Singh. Khalsa tercentenary and Sikh youth. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1998, 87–89. Mohinder Singh. Sikh youth in Western Canada and California (USA). Sikh Review, 46(12), Dec 1998, 57–61.

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Muthumohan, N. Religion and modernity: A Sikh perspective. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 82–91. Narinder Singh. Canadian Sikh youth. Sikh Courier, 37(83), 1997, 29–31. Also in Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 57–63. Nav-Kiran Pal Kaur. Apostasy: A sociological perspective. Sikh Review, 45(1), Jan 1997, 37–40. Neki, J.S. Sikh youth and nation building. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(3), 1990, 30–39. Nesbitt, Eleanor M. The religious lives of Sikh children: A Coventry based study. Leeds: Community Religions Project, University of Leeds, 2000. 313p. Nihal Singh, Ed. Young men Sikh association, 1931–56. Silver Jubilee Parkashan, 1965. 122p. Nishter, Nanak S. Sikh youth and Hinduism. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 152–56. Raminder Singh. Sikh youth today: On the edge of apostasy. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 40–45. Raminder Singh. Sikh youth: Wounded psyche. India Today, June 30, 1985, 42–45. Ratan Singh. The revolt of the Sikh youth. Lahore: Modern Publications, 1943. 170p. Sachdev, Jaswant Singh. Vital issues pertaining to Sikh youth. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 60–67. Sanehi, Swaran Singh. Future of the Sikh youth. Sikh Review, 25(279), Mar 1977, 27–30. Sangat Singh. Growing apostasy among the Sikhs: Causes and cures. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 46–56. Santhok Singh. Apostasy among Sikh youth. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 157–61. Santokh Singh. English translation and transliteration of Aasaa-dee-vaar, Sikh holy hymns especially written for English speaking Sikh youth. Princeton, Ont.: Institute of Spiritual Studies, 1996. 152p. Santokh Singh. Translation and transliteration of Shabad keertan, Sikh holy hymns especially written for English speaking Sikh youth. Princeton, Ont.: Sikh Resource Centre, 1993. 408p. Sidhu, Kamaljit Kaur. Self development of second generation Sikh youth in Canada. Paper presented at the ‘International Conference on Sikh Studies’ (Surrey, BC, Canada), May 2000. Sidhu, Sarjit Singh. Apostasy revisited. Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 60–65. Sikh religion and youth. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Jan–Mar 2003, 76–79. Sikhism at the crossroads. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 194–96. Singh, I.J. A call to Sikh youth: With love from New York. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 4–6. Sodhi, S.S. and Pavna Kaur. Sikh youth in North America. Sikh Review, 48(8), Aug 2000, 73–79.

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Sodhi, Surinder Singh. North American Sikh youth and Sikhism: Issues and problems of transmitting Sikhism in youth in North America. Paper presented at the ‘International Conference on Sikh Studies’ (Surrey, BC, Canada), May 2000. A spur to the Sikh youth. Gravesend, UK: Sikh Missionary Society, 1972. 23p. Surinder Singh. Apostasy among Sikh youth. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Apostasy among Sikh youth: Causes and cures. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1997, pp. 134–37. Surjan Singh. Younger generation and Sikhism. Sikh Review, 47(2), Feb 1999, 82–83. Tarlochan Singh. Sikh youth at the cross roads. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 40–49. Tejinder Singh. Current Gurdwara services and Sikh youth. Sikh Review, 48(4), Apr 2000, 39–46. Trilochan Singh. Responsibility of Sikh youth: In the context of human and political situation in the East and West. New Delhi: Light & Life Publishing, 1981. 107p. Wasu, Inderjeet Singh. Concept of Sikh youth. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(3), Oct–Dec 2002, 23–27.

25. Sikhism & Other Religions Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Sikhism and inter-religious dialogue. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(4), Oct–Dec 1991, 21–28. Ahmad, Aijazuddin. Muslims in India: Their educational, demographic, and socio-economic status with comparative indicators for Hindus, Sikhs, Christians and other communities based on a singular and systematic ﬁeld survey 1990–1993. Vol. 4: Uttar Pradesh urban. New Delhi: Inter-India Publications, 1996. Archer, John Clark. The Sikhs in relation to Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Ahmadiyas: A study in comparative religion. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1946. 353p. Attar Singh. Nature and scope of inter-religious dialogue. Journal of Religious Studies, 13(2), Aut 1985, 23–27. Avtar Singh. Sikhism and dialogue of religions. Islam and the Modern Age (New Delhi), 2(2), May 1971, 74–79. Barrow, Joy, Ed. Meeting Sikhs. Leicester: Christian Aware, 1998. Bettany, George Thomas. The great Indian religions, being a popular account of Brahmanism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. With accounts of the Vedas and other Indian sacred books, the Zendabesta, Sikhism, Jainism, Mithraism. London: Ward, Lock, Bowden, 1892. 291p. Bhola, Harbans Singh. Sikhism as a world religion: Parallel and interconnections. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 54–58. Bilimoria, Purusottama and Peter Fenner, Eds. Religions and comparative thought: Essays in honour of the late Dr. Ian Kesarcodi-Watson. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1988. 459p. Brahma Singh. Gypsy (Roma) afﬁnity with the Sikhs and Hindus. Sikh Review, 27(301), Jan 1979, 46–47. Bryant, M. Darrol. Inter-religious dialogue and understanding. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Panjab. Delhi: Atlantic, 1989, pp. 49–61. Bryant, M. Darrol. Sikh tradition and inter-faith dialogue. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 84–100. Charanjit Ajit Singh. Sikh contribution to interfaith dialogue. Sikh Messenger, Aut–Win 1991, 20–22. Chatterji, Jatindra Mohan. Ramachandra and Zarathustra: An exposition of the Sikhs cult as the synthesis of Hinduism and Parsism. Decca: The author, 1938. 198p. Chattopadhyay, Krishna. The world of mystics: A comparative study of Baul, Suﬁ and Sikh mysticism. Calcutta: R.K. Prakashan, 1993. 331p. Cheetham, David. Sikhism & inter-religious dialogue. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 50–61. Cole, W. Owen. The coming deliverer: A Sikh perspective. In Fiona Bowie and Christopher Deacy, Eds. The coming deliverer: Millennial themes in world religions. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1997.

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Guleria, J.S. Rediscovering religion. New Delhi: Punjabi Writers’ Cooperative Industrial Society, 1983. 139p. Gurnam Kaur. Religious co-existence: A Sikh perspective. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan–Mar 1999, 40–49. Guninder Kaur. Al-Biruni and comparative study of religions. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 135–48. Guninder Kaur. Tao and Ek Onkar: A comparison between two powers. In Pritam Singh, Ed. Sikh concept of the divine. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2002, pp. 227–43. Also in Sikh Review, 36(299), Nov 1987, 23–33. Gupta, Dipankar. The Context of ethnicity: Sikh identity in a comparative perspective. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. 241p. Gurbhagat Singh. Genre as cultural construction: The Sikh and Jewish experiences. Journal of Religious Studies, 28, Spr 1997, 36–42. Gurbhagat Singh. Sikhism and other cultures. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 10(4), Oct–Dec 1991, 29–36. Harbans Singh and Lal Mani Joshi. An introduction to Indian religions