International Bibliography of Sikh Studies

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 1-4020-3043-6 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-3044-4 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3043-7 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3044-4 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

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Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi List of Sikh Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Sources Used for the Compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

1. Printed and Electronic Reference Resources 1.1 Printed Resources 1.1.1 Encyclopaedias 1.1.2 Indexing & Abstracting Sources 1.1.3 Biographical Sources 1.1.4 Geographical Sources 1.1.5 Bibliographical Sources 1.1.6 Dictionaries & Glossaries 1.2 Electronic & Online Resources 1.2.1 CD ROMS 1.2.2 Online Resources 2.2.2.1 Online Access to Guru Granth Sahib 1.2.2.2 Online Books, Journals & Newspapers 1.2.2.3 Sikh Studies in Universities & Colleges 1.2.2.4 Sikh Diaspora

1 1 1 3 4 5 5 11 13 14 14 19 20 22 22

2. Sikh Gurus 2.1 Guru Nanak Dev 2.1.1 Biography 2.1.2 Janamsakhis 2.1.3 Philosophy 2.1.4 Poetry 2.1.5 Teachings 2.1.6 Travels 2.1.7 Mardana 2.2 Guru Angad Dev 2.3 Guru Amar Das 2.4 Guru Ram Das 2.5 Guru Arjan Dev 2.6 Guru Hargobind 2.6.1 Miri and Piri 2.7 Guru Har Rai 2.8 Guru Harkishan 2.9 Guru Tegh Bahadur 2.9.1 Martyrdom 2.9.2 Teachings 2.9.3 Travels 2.9.4 Relation with Aurangzeb

25 30 43 45 47 53 54 57 60 60 62 65 67 71 73 74 75 76 80 84 84 85

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.10 Guru Gobind Singh 2.10.1 Biography 2.10.2 Philosophy 2.10.3 Travels 2.10.4 Teachings 2.10.5 As Poet 2.10.6 Mission 2.10.7 Battles 2.10.8 Relations with Mughal Emperors 2.10.9 Five Beloved 2.10.10Baptism

85 93 96 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 103

3. Sikh Scriptures & Gurbani 3.1 Gurbani 3.2 Guru Granth Sahib 3.3 Works of Guru Nanak 3.3.1 Japji 3.3.2 Mul Mantra 3.3.3 Asa Di Var 3.3.4 Barah Maha 3.3.5 Siddh Gosht 3.4 Works of Guru Amar Das 3.4.1 Anand Sahib 3.5 Works of Guru Arjan Dev 3.5.1 Sukhmani 3.6 Works of Guru Tegh Bahadur 3.7 Works of Guru Gobind Singh 3.7.1 Dasam Granth 3.7.2 Japu Sahib 3.7.3 Chandi di Var 3.7.4 Bachitra Natak 3.7.5 Akal Ustat 3.7.6 Zafarnama & Fatehnama

105 108 110 129 131 136 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 143 144 145 147 148 148 149 150

4. Bhagats and Saints 4.1 Kabir 4.2 Namdev 4.3 Ravidas 4.4 Sheikh Farid

153 155 157 157 159

5. Sikh Philosophy

163

6. Sikh History 6.1 Banda Singh Bahadur 6.2 Sikh Misls 6.2.1 Ramgarhia Misl 6.3 Maharaja Ranjit Singh 6.3.1 Family

183 198 200 201 202 212

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.3.1.2 Maharaja Duleep Singh 6.3.2 Court 6.3.3 Military System 6.3.4 Hari Singh Nalwa 6.3.5 Battles 6.3.6 Foreign Relations 6.3.7 Kohinoor 6.3.8 Epilogue 6.4 Anglo-Sikh Relations 6.5 Anglo-Sikh War 6.6 Sikhs and Freedom Struggle 6.7 Singh Sabha Movement 6.8 Gurdwara Reform Movement 6.8.1 All India Sikh Gurdwara Act & Legislation 6.9 Akali Movement 6.10 Punjabi Suba Movement

vii

213 215 216 217 218 218 220 220 221 221 222 225 227 227 228 230

7. Sikh Politics 7.1 Akal Takht 7.2 Central Sikh League 7.3 Akali Dal 7.4 Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) 7.5 Chief Khalsa Diwan 7.6 Khalistan Movement

235 243 244 244 248 249 250

8. Sikh Leaders 8.1 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 8.2 Kapur Singh 8.3 Baba Kharak Singh 8.4 Master Tara Singh 8.5 Sant Fateh Singh 8.6 Sant Harchand Singh Longowal 8.7 Giani Zail Singh 8.8 Dr. Manmohan Singh

253 256 256 257 257 259 259 260 261

9. Sikh Art & Architecture

263

10. Sikh Coins (Numismatics)

273

11. Sikh Culture & Traditions 11.1 Baisakhi

277 281

12. Sikhs as Khalsa

285

13. Sikh Code of Conduct, Institutions & Ceremonies 13.1 Code of Conduct 13.1.1 Nitnem 13.1.2 Rehras

295 295 297 297

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

13.1.3 Ardas (Prayer) 13.1.4 Sangat (Congregation) 13.1.5 Nam Simran (Meditation) 13.1.6 Langar (Community Kitchen) 13.2 Sikh Institutions 13.2.1 Hukamnama 13.2.2 Gurmata 13.2.3 Sarbat Khalsa 13.3 Sikh Ceremonies 13.3.1 Birth & Death 13.3.2 Initiation 13.3.3 Naming Ceremony 13.3.4 Marriage Ceremony (Anand Karaj )

298 299 300 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307

14. Sikh Symbols & Identity 14.1 Sikh Identity 14.2 Sikh Hair (Kesh) 14.3 Sikh Turban 14.4 Kirpan (Sword)

311 313 317 319 319

15. Sikh Education & Research

321

16. Sikh Scholars & Personalities 16.1 Bhai Gurdas 16.2 Bhai Vir Singh 16.2.1 Poetical Works 16.2.2 Rana Surat Singh 16.2.3 Prose 16.2.4 As an Historian 16.2.5 Appraisal 16.2.6 Tributes 16.3 Dr. Balbir Singh 16.4 Puran Singh 16.5 Bhai Jodh Singh 16.6 Bhai Mohan Singh Vaid 16.7 Dr. Ganda Singh 16.8 Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia 16.9 Khushwant Singh

329 332 333 337 338 339 339 340 342 342 343 343 344 345 346 346

17. Sikh Castes & Casteism

349

18. Sikh Sects 18.1 Namdhari Sikhs (Kukas) 18.2 Nirankari Sikhs 18.3 Nirmalas 18.4 Udasis

355 355 359 361 361

19. Gurdwaras (Sikh Shrines)

363

TABLE OF CONTENTS

19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5

Harimandir Sahib (Golden Temple) Hemkunt Sis Ganj Rikab Ganj Gurdwaras Outside India

ix

368 371 372 372 373

20. Sikh Warriors & Martyrs 20.1 Baba Deep Singh 20.2 Akali Phoola Singh 20.3 Shaheed Bhagat Singh

375 378 378 378

21. Sikh Music (Gurbani Kirtan )

381

22. Sikhs in Military

385

23. Sikh Women

391

24. Sikh Youths & Apostasy

413

25. Sikhism & Other Religions 25.1 Sikhism & Buddhism 25.2 Sikhism & Christianity 25.3 Sikhism & Hinduism 25.4 Sikhism & Islam

417 423 424 426 429

26. Sikh Diaspora 26.1 Sikhs in Australia & New Zealand 26.2 Sikhs in Canada 26.2.1 Komagata Maru Incident 26.3 Sikhs in Malaysia & Singapore 26.4 Sikhs in Thailand 26.5 Sikhs in United Kingdom 26.6 Sikhs in United States 26.6.1 Ghadr Movement

433 442 445 461 463 466 466 476 486

27. Future of Sikhs & Sikhism

489

28. Miscellaneous Works 28.1 Caucasian (Gora) Sikhs 28.2 Sehajdhari Sikhs 28.3 Nanakshahi Calendar 28.4 Sikhs & Health 28.5 Sikhs in Sports 28.6 Sikh Personal Law 28.7 Sikhs & Human Rights 28.8 Sikhs & National Integration 28.9 Hindu–Sikh Relations

495 526 527 528 529 532 533 534 534 535

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28.10 Sikh Journalism 28.11 Operation Bluestar 28.12 Sikhs in Other States 28.13 Delhi Riots Against Sikhs 28.14 Rangnath Mishra Commission

536 537 539 542 543

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Preface Sikhism is one of the youngest religions of the world, and its followers, Sikhs, are renowned as ﬁerce and proud warriors. They believe in single, formless God, and are now settled in almost every country on this planet. Because of their dedication, hard-work and entrepreneurship, a number of Sikh leaders have occupied coveted positions like President, Prime Minister, Home Minister, Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Ministers, Governors, Mayors, High Commissioners, Members of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies not only in India but also in other countries. Beside politics, Sikhs have also excelled in the ﬁeld of education and research, and have earned the distinction of becoming Vice-Chancellors, Directors, Professors, and Senior Research Scientists. Due to their growing popularity, people from around the world want to learn more about their culture, history, politics, religion, and traditions. In recent decades, several studies on Sikhs and Sikhism have attracted global attention. Many colleges and universities in India, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, United States and other countries have introduced teaching and research programs on Sikh culture, religion and Diaspora. Several conferences and seminars have been organized at international level on different aspects of Sikhism. This growing awareness has resulted literature avalanche in Sikh studies. A large number of contributions have been made in the form of various publications. And most recently with the advancement in information technologies, there is a trend to develop more and more electronic and web resources on Sikhs and their religion. For the bibliographical control of the voluminous literature on Sikhism, some efforts have been made in the past by scholars and librarians like Ganda Singh, Kirpal Singh, N. Gerald Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others. They have contributed useful bibliographies on Sikhs and Sikhism. Most of these works contained books published up to 1980s and did not have international coverage. The present work is a ﬁrst attempt of its kind to bring together at one place all books, composite works, journal articles, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, and project reports produced globally till June 2004. This bibliography has long been in the making. Its compilation began when I was at the University of Delhi in 1988, and brought out my publication “Sikhs: Their literature on culture, history, philosophy, politics, religion and traditions”. After that I had the privilege of working as librarian in some of the largest university and public libraries in Canada and United States. I had access to huge collections of monographs, theses databases, journals, and electronic resources while working at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver), and University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), and also at the Vancouver Public Library and Fraser Valley Regional Library (Canada). Beside these, for the collection of current data and to make this work more comprehensive, I also visited Library of Congress (Washington DC), British Library (London), University of London, University of Toronto, University of Washington (Seattle), and all major universities and research institutions in India.

Arrangement Over 10,000 items of literature produced in English have been listed alphabetically by author names under twenty-eight chapters and sub-headings. As names of Sikh males end with ‘Singh’ and female end with ‘Kaur’, the rendering for such authors is under their ﬁrst names. Also

xii

PREFACE

some Sikh authors use last names (surnames) after Singh or Kaur, in such cases their works are arranged by the last names. Many authors have used romanised Punjabi words in their works, which have been italicized. Titles of books and journals are also given in italics. Efforts have been made to use English spellings. A list of journals on Sikhism, and resources used for compilation of this work has been provided in this publication. In the ﬁrst chapter on ‘Printed & Electronic Resources’, an annotated survey has been presented of all major reference documents published on Sikhism, and a select listing of electronic and web based resources has been added. For the convenience of its easy use and retrieving information promptly, author, and subject indexes have been appended to this work.

Acknowledgements For the successful completion of this project, I consulted a number of scholars and information specialists. I owe my gratitude to all of them for their advice and assistance. The author wishes to acknowledge the Research and Publication Committee of the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Library, which provided support for the completion of this research bibliography. Thanks are also due to the Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers) who accepted my proposal for the printed and online version of this work. Also, I recall with love and affection the support and inspiration of my wife, Amrit Kaur, and my children Jasmit Singh and Parmit Kaur for their computer expertise. It is hoped that this bibliographical guide will prove to be a useful informative resource for all those scholars who have keen interest in the serious study of Sikhs and Sikhism. As this work will also be available in an online web based format, bibliographical entries will be updated at a regular interval. In the compilation of this work I might have missed some publications, and there may be a few omissions and errors. Suggestions for the improvement of this bibliographical guide will be highly welcomed and appreciated. Dr. Rajwant Singh Chilana University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A.

List of Sikh Periodicals r Akal Journal of Spiritualism. Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh: The Kalgidhar Society, 2001–, Quarterly.

r Abstracts of Sikh Studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Quarterly. r Amrit Kirtan (English & Punjabi). Chandigarh: Amrit Kirtan Trust, 1988–, Monthly. r Atam Science (English & Punjabi). Mohali: Atam Science Trust, 1961–, Quarterly. r Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Religious Studies (Preceding Title: Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Sikh Studies). Batala: Christian Institute for Religious Studies, 1972–, Semiannual.

r Canadian Sikhs. Richmond, BC: Amar, 1961–63, Monthly. r Gurdwara Gazette (English & Punjabi).Amritsar: SGPC, Monthly. r Guru Gobind Singh Journal of Religious Studies. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1994–, Quarterly.

r Guru Nanak Journal of Sociology. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Punjab Studies. New Delhi: Sage, 1994–, Semiannual. r International Journal of Sikh Affairs (Preceded by Sikhs, Past and Present). Edmonton, Canada: Sikh Educational Trust, 1998–, Semiannual.

r Journal of Regional History. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980–, Semiannual. r Journal of Religious Studies. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972–, Semiannual. r Journal of Sikh Studies. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1974–, Semiannual. r The Khalsa Advocate. Amritsar, 1903–1920s, Weekly. r Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding. New Delhi: Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, 1981–, Quarterly.

r Khoj Darpan. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1979–1995. r Missionary: A Quarterly Journal on Sikh Religion, Culture and History. New Delhi: Sikh Missionary Society, 1959–63, Quarterly.

r Nanak Prakash. Nairobi, Kenya: The Sikh Students Federation, 1986–, Irregular. r The Nation. Ottawa: National Sikh Society of Ottawa, 1981–. r Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social & Educational Society, 1978–1983, Quarterly.

r Nishaan. New Delhi: Nagaara Trust, 2000–, Quarterly. r Panchbati Sandesh. Dehradun: Dr. Balbir Singh Sahitya Kendra, 1977–, Quarterly. r Panjab Past and Present. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966–, Semiannual. r Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1969–, Semiannual.

xiv

LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS

r Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2003–, Annual. r Proceedings of the Punjab History Conference. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1965–, Annual. r Punjab Journal of Education. Chandigarh: Department of Education, 1971–, Quarterly. r Punjab Journal of Politics. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1977–, Semiannual. r Sat Sandesh. Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications, 1960s–, Monthly. r The Sikh Bulletin. Roseville, CA: Khalsa Tercentennial Foundation of North America, 1999–, Monthly.

r Sikh Bulletin. Chichester, West Sussex: West Sussex Institute of Higher Education, 1984–1996, Annual.

r The Sikh Courier International. London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1960–, Quarterly.

r Sikh Destiny. Columbia, MD.: Ajaib Singh Sidhu, 1984–, Monthly. r Sikh Dharma Brotherhood. Washington: Sikh Dharma Brotherhood, (1900s)–, Quarterly. r Sikh Digest. New Delhi: Sikh Digest Ofﬁce, 1971–. r Sikh Generations. Corona, New York: Sikh Generations, 1989–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Herald. Toronto: Canadian Sikh Visionary Society, 1986–, Monthly. r Sikhkha Intaranaishanala=Sikh International. Leominster, Mass.: Harbans Singh Sandhu, 1993–, Monthly.

r Sikh Marg. Vancouver: Canadian Sikh Study & Teaching Society, 1988–, Biannual. r Sikh Messenger. London: Sikh Messenger Publications, 1984–, Quarterly. r The Sikh News & Views (Preceded by SSES Newsletter). Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1984–, Quarterly.

r Sikh Phulwari. Ludhiana: Sikh Missionary College, 1977–, Quarterly. r The Sikh Reformer. Coventry: Sikh Cultural Society, 1991–. r Sikh Religious Studies Information. Stony Brook, N.Y.: Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. 1979–1984, Bimonthly. (Merged with Asian Religious Studies Information).

r The Sikh Review. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1953–, Monthly. r Sikh Sandesh. Cardiff: India Society of Wales, 1970–1972. r The Sikh Sansar. Redwood City, Calif.: Sikh Foundation, 1972–1977, Quarterly. r Sikh Spectrum. Edmonton: Sikh Heritage Association of Alberta, 1990–, Irregular. r Sikh Spirit (Continues Newsletter Central Gurdwara Resource Center). London, 1997–, Monthly.

r Sikh Studies. Brampton, Ontario: Centre for Sikh Studies, 1999–, Semiannual. r Sikh Studies Quarterly. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000–2001 (Continued as Abstracts of Sikh Studies).

r The Sikh Times. Vancouver: Sikh Times Society, 1982, Monthly (ceased). r The Sikh Times International. Vancouver, 1987–88 (Ceased).

LIST OF SIKH PERIODICALS

xv

r Sikh Versa=Sikh Heritage. Calgary: Harcharan Singh, 1996–, Monthly. r The Sikh Views. Surrey, BC, 2000–, Irregular. r The Sikhs, Past & Present. Oslo, Norway: Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies, 1991–, Semiannual (1993-published by the Sikh Educational Trust, Edmonton, Canada).

r SSES Newsletter. Willowdale, Ontario: Sikh Social and Educational Society, 1978, Quarterly (Continued as Sikh News & Views).

r Southeast Sikh Samachar. Stone Mountain, GA.: Sikh Study Circle, 1991–, Monthly. r Spokesman Weekly. Chandigarh, 1951–, Monthly. r Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1982–, Semiannual.

r The Sword. Ottawa: World Sikh Organization of Canada, 1985–, Quarterly. r The Truth. Laval, Quebec: D.S. Chahal, 1985–1987 (ceased with vol. 3). r Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal. Laval, Quebec: Institute for Understanding Sikhism, 1999–, Semiannual.

r World Sikh News. Stockton, CA: 1985–, Weekly.

Sources Used for the Compilation r Academic Search Elite (EBSCO)—Online r Arts and Humanities Index r ATLA/ATLAS Religion Database—Online r Bibliography of Asian Studies r Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations accepted at the Indian Universities r Books in Print r British Books in Print r British Library—Online Catalogue r Canadian Books in Print r Canadian Periodicals Index r COPAC (United Kingdom) r DELNET (New Delhi) r Dissertations Abstracts International r Documentation on Punjab Studies (New Delhi, Monthly) r Encyclopaedia of Sikhism (Punjabi University) r Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics r Guide to Indian Periodicals Literature r Historical Abstracts—Online r Humanities Abstracts—Online r Index India (Rajasthan University) r Index Islamicus r Index to Indian Periodicals Literature r Indian Books in Print r Indian Encyclopaedia r Indian National Bibliography (National Library, Calcutta) r Indian Press Index r Indian Social Science Index (ISID, Online) r INFLIBNET Databases of Theses, Serials and Books r Library of Congress Catalogue—Online r McMillan Encyclopedia of Religion r National Library of Canada—Online Catalogue r Online Catalogues of several institutions around the world

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r Periodicals Abstracts r Periodicals Contents Index r Social Sciences Citation Index r Sociological Abstracts r South Asia Bibliographer (Accession List of India) r Vidyanidhi—Indian Theses Database r World Catalogue (OCLC Online)

1. Printed and Electronic Reference Resources There are over twenty-two millions Sikhs settled in almost every country in the modern world. During the last two decades, Sikhs and their homeland, Punjab has received increasing public and scholarly attention. A number of reference and information resources have been produced on Sikh and Sikhism in various formats all over the globe. Besides English, many resources on the study of Sikhs and their religion are available in Punjabi and other languages. The literature required for their research study is not easily accessible. Because of lack of awareness of information sources already available, students and scholars have to spend their time in locating what has already been published in their research areas. In recent years, to assist scholars in locating desired information relating to their ﬁelds of interest, several information professionals, librarians and scholars have made contributions in collecting, analyzing, processing and disseminating information to users in a very systematic and comprehensive way. A number of printed, electronic and online reference sources have been developed by various institutions, publishers and information specialists. Such documents include Encyclopedias, indexing and abstracting journals, subject dictionaries, bibliographies, and biographical and geographical directories. In this chapter an attempt has been made to list all such major resources with brief description:

1.1. Printed Resources 1.1.1. Encyclopaedias

r Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. This Encyclopaedia, in six volumes, presents the lives and philosophy of the Sikh Gurus in a very comprehensive way.

r Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. This is a comprehensive ten volume set that contains information on Gurus, Sikh history, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, eminent Punjabis, Akali movements, Anglo-Sikh relations, Punjab society, culture, revolutionaries, political and religious movements.

r Bhatia, Harbans Singh and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. The Encyclopaedic history of the Sikhs and Sikhism. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. This is in six volumes that contain information on almost all aspects of Sikh history and religion. The ﬁrst volume is on Sikh Gurus and Sikhism, while the remaining volumes are on hymns, religious traditions of the Sikhs, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, national movement and the Sikhs, and political ideology of the Sikhs.

r Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. The Sikh reference book. Edmonton: Sikh Educational Trust, 1997. 719p. This volume provides information about the Sikh religion under eight chapters namely— Sikh culture, the literature about Sikhism, the Sikh polity, the Sikh theology, the Sikh homeland, the dictionary of Sikh biography, and chronology of the Sikh history. It is a good source for geographical, biographical and chronological information on the youngest religion. For the convenience of users around 4,000 entries are arranged alphabetically in the above eight chapters. Out of these there are 2,500 biographical entries on popular Sikhs.

r Dogra, Ramesh C. and Urmila Dogra. The Sikh world: An Encyclopaedic survey of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2003. 582p. This title covers varied ﬁelds of

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

the Sikh religion, and includes a reference to Sikh religion and culture because the adherents of Sikhism regard all the ten Gurus as founders of their faith. This edition has many new articles on culture, music, people connected with Sikhism, tribes, castes and folklore, and chronology of Sikhism from Guru Nanak to modern times. It goes further than that—all the ﬂowers, animals, birds, rivers and places mentioned in the Holy Granth ﬁnd a reference in the volume.

r Dogra, Ramesh C. and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. Encyclopaedia of Sikh religion and culture. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1995. 511p. This single volume source provides information on all major and minor aspects of religion, culture, history, tribes, castes, folklore, customs, fairs and festivals of the Sikhs. Its revised edition under different title, mentioned above, was released in 2003.

r Gupta, V.P. and Mohini Gupta. An Encyclopaedia of Punjabi culture and history. Delhi: Ambe Books, 1999. 387p. It is a modest attempt to present various facets of Punjab and Sikh culture, history, and religion. For the convenience of its use, the work has been divided into ﬁve sections that include historical survey, entries from A to Z, important dates and events, a bibliography, and seven indexes. Brief biographies of some prominent Sikh scholars with their publications are also enlisted in this Encyclopaedia.

r Gurcharan Singh. Sri Guru Grantha kosha. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2002. Vol. 1 (from A to Na), and Vol. 2 (Ta to Ra). It is an Encyclopaedia of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji with meanings, page numbers and name of Ragas, and is a good reference work in Punjabi. It has been found very useful by scholars and other people in ﬁnding out the meaning of some difﬁcult words of the religious scriptures of the Sikhs. Arranged in alphabetical order, thousands of important words have been listed in this voluminous work.

r Harbans Singh. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University. 1992–1998.The most comprehensive four-volume set has been compiled under the guidance of (Late) Professor Harbans Singh at Guru Gobind Singh Department of Religious Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala. This monumental work is the result of several years of laborious task of a dedicated team of scholars drawn from various parts of the world. The Encyclopaedia is the most authoritative reference work that addresses the broad interest in Sikhs and Sikhism. It describes the Sikh faith and community in their myriad forms today and through out the 540 years of Sikh history. This useful work includes around 4,000 entries dealing with almost every aspect of the life of the Sikh community, its history, philosophy, culture, traditions, politics, art, and religion. For many years this will serve as a major source of Sikh information for students, scholars, librarians and others who want to learn about Sikhism. Scholars at the Punjabi University are working for its second revised edition, while work on Punjabi version of this Encyclopaedia has already started.

r Jaggi, Rattan Singh. Guru Grantha wishawakosha. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001–2002. This is a comprehensive Encyclopaedia of the Adi Granth in Punjabi published in two volumes.

r Kahn Singh Nabha (Bhai). Gurshabad Ratnakar ‘Mahan Kosh’. . . Patiala: Language Department, Punjab, 1960. 835 + 99p. The pioneer endeavor was made in 1930 by Bhai Kahn Singh who brought out the ﬁrst Encyclopedia of Sikh Literature in the form of Gurshabad Ratnakar ‘Mahan Kosh’ in Punjabi language. Its fourth reprint was brought out in 1981 by the Language Department of Punjab. It is the most comprehensive dictionary-cum-Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, containing about 65,000 words occurring in original Sikh scriptures. To facilitate information, all the entries have been arranged in alphabetical order. This volume is written on most approved lines, containing illustrations and quotations drawn from all the needful sources of religion, history, geography, science, and language. All reference to the Vedas and Shastras, the Bible, the Quran and other religious works have been fully traced in this work.

PRINTED AND ELECTRONIC REFERENCE RESOURCES

3

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. A conceptual Encyclopaedia of Guru Granth Sahib. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers,1992. 354p. This volume enlists over 1500 entries arranged alphabetically. Appropriate quotations from Guru Granth Sahib have been given in support of the interpretation of each entry. After each quotation, where as the page number of Guru Granth is given, the name of Raga from which it has been taken and also the number in the serial order of the Guru or the saint-poet has been mentioned.

r Manmohan Kaur. Punjab (The volume 18 of the Encyclopaedia of India). New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 207p. This volume has detailed information about Punjab and Sikhs, and contains colored plates of many Gurus and Gurdwaras, and has several chapters on Sikhism.

r Ralhan, O.P. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: Religion and culture. New Delhi: Anmol, 1997. Published in two volumes, this set primarily contains information about the great religion that emerged as an independent, conspicuous and sovereign dispensation. The volumes compile comprehensive references from A to Z about the Sikh religion viz. Sikh scriptures, philosophy and doctrine, mythology, theology, Guru Granth Sahib, hymns, Gurdwaras associated with the lives of Great Gurus, and the incidents associated with them, references to socio-religious movements, Sikh culture, Sikh people and their customs, fairs, and social status of women. Each word that has relevant value and meaning to Sikhs has been selected and included.

r Sahi, Joginder Singh. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999. Vol. 1. The ﬁrst volume of this Encyclopaedia includes information relating to Sikh Gurus, Rahit Maryada, Sikh heritage, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and Gurdwaras in India and other countries. It is also a good source for information about Sikh Diaspora.

r Singh, R.N. Encyclopaedia of Sikh heritage. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2002. It is a comprehensive and informative source compiled in ﬁve volumes. The ﬁrst volume deals with the historical development of Sikh heritage; conception and transformation of Sikh politics is described in second volume; third volume deals with social philosophy and social transformation, while critical analysis of Sikh philosophy is discussed in fourth volume; and Sikh religious vision is dealt in the last volume.

r Singha, H.S. Junior Encyclopedia of Sikhism. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing, 1985. 181p. A brief account of Sikh Gurus, their teachings, Gurdwaras, scriptures, traditions and other aspects has been listed alphabetically in this handy reference source. This volume has been planned for easy use by young students and other readers who want to have a brief account of various concepts of Sikhism. The second revised edition with the changed title ‘Concise Encyclopedia of Sikhism’ was released in 1986.

r Wanjara Bedi, Sohinder Singh. Punjabi Lokdhara Vishava Kosh (in Punjabi). New Delhi: Lok Prakashan, 1978–. It is a ‘Punjabi Folklore Encyclopedia’ that has so far been brought out in eight volumes. This voluminous work incorporates entries relating to Punjabi culture, Sikh religion, traditions, arts, dances, and literature. Each entry is serially numbered and arranged in alphabetical order. 1.1.2. Indexing & Abstracting Sources The literature explosion has necessitated regular publication of indexing and abstracting journals in the area of Sikh studies. Adi Granth Anukramanika (Index to the Adi Granth) in two volumes was prepared by Gurcharan Singh and was published from Patiala in 1971. Earlier to this Piara Padam Singh also made an effort to compile a thematic index to the Adi Granth, entitled ‘Guru

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Granth Vichar-Kosh’ (Patiala 1969). Kaur Singh also compiled an index of Guru Granth Sahib (Sri Guru Sabad Ratan Parkas) in 1923. The present study on International Bibliography on Sikh Studies may serve as a useful indexing source, and this will also be available as Online searchable database. This will be updated regularly so that new references are added. Beside these, there are numerous other indexing and abstracting journals that contain quite a good number of references to Sikhs and their religion. These are Humanities Index, Social Science Citation Index, ATLA/ATLAS Religion Database, Bibliography of Asian Studies, Guide to Indian Periodicals Literature, Indian Press Index, Dissertation Abstracts International, Indian Books in Print, and others. 1.1.3. Biographical Sources

r Ahluwalia, M. and Kirpal Singh. The Punjab pioneers and freedom ﬁghters. Bombay: Longmans, 1963. It contains names and brief outlines of the lives of several Sikhs who actively participated in the Ghadr party and other movements for independence.

r Association for Punjab Studies in United Kingdom brought out a useful publication ‘Directory of Punjab scholars in Britain’ in 1996. It gives a brief biographical account and works of mostly Sikh scholars living in Britain.

r Bakshi, S.R., Ed. Eminent Punjabis. Vol. 3 of the Encyclopaedia of Punjab. New Delhi: Rima, 1994. 205p. This volume contains biographical sketches of several Sikh personalities like Partap Singh Kairon, Darshan Singh Pheruman, Baba Gurdit Singh, Gurmukh Singh Musaﬁr, Harikishan Singh Surjeet, Baba Kharak Singh, Master Tara Singh, Ujjal Singh, Mohan Singh Oberoi, Giani Zail Singh, Gurmukh Nihal Singh and others.

r Barque, A.M. and T.S. Khosla. Eminent Sikhs of today. Lahore: Barque & Co.,1942. 171p. It is good source for biographical information for some Sikh personalities.

r Darbara Singh. Ten eminent Sikhs. Amritsar: Literature House, 1982. 95p. It contains biographies of ten most popular Sikhs viz. Sir Sundar Singh Majithia, Bhai Vir Singh, Baba Kharak Singh, Master Tara Singh, Justice Teja Singh, Malik Hardit Singh, Hukam Singh, Ujjal Singh, Gurmukh Nihal Singh, and Sant Fateh Singh.

r Fauja Singh, et al. Who’s who of Punjabi freedom ﬁghters. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 624p. It is a very useful and comprehensive document on Punjab freedom ﬁghters mostly Sikhs. Brought out in two volumes, it also lists brief biographies of some Sikhs that took part in Ghadr and Komagata Maru in North America.

r International Punjabi Society brought out a Who’s who of eminent Punjabis in India and abroad (1976). This is a biographical directory of Punjabis and Sikhs, and provides information about their date of birth, occupation and address along with their photographs. Also, India Who’s who (Annual) enlists prominent Sikhs and Punjabis.

r Parm Bakhshish Singh and R.K. Ghai, Eds. Martyrs of the Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. The ﬁrst volume of this publication is a good source for biographies of some of the prominent Sikh martyrs.

r Saggar, Balraj. Who’s who in the history of Punjab, 1800–1849. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993. 435p. This volume is an excellent source for ﬁnding biographical information of around 614 prominent people who made tremendous contributions on Sikhism and Punjab.

r Who’s who of Sikhs. New Delhi: The Institute of Sikh Studies, 1981. 600p. It was a ﬁrst major attempt to compile a biographical directory of some famous Sikhs.

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1.1.4. Geographical Sources

r Patwant Singh. Gurdwaras in India and around the world. New Delhi: Himalayan Books, 1992. 213p. This is an excellent geographical source on Sikh shrines all over the world. A beautiful and large sized color photographs by the famous photographer, Gurmeet Thukral, has made this book more attractive.

r Rajwinder Singh. Directory of religious places in Amritsar. M.Lib.Sc. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1993. It’s a useful geographical source with listing of Sikhs shrines in the Amritsar area.

r Shergill, N.S. International Directory of Gurdwaras and Sikh Organizations. London: The author,1986. 246p. N.S. Shergill, a London based journalist, has done commendable work by bringing out this publication that covers more than 3,000 Gurdwaras and Sikh institutions established all over the world. Addresses and telephone numbers of Sikh Organizations have been given along with photographs of selected Gurdwaras. 1.1.5. Bibliographical Sources In recent years a lot of literature has appeared on Sikhs and Punjab. There are quite a large number of books, reports, conference proceedings, dissertations/theses, and articles written on various aspects of Sikhism and Punjab affairs. Several efforts have been made from time to time by some distinguished scholars and librarians to compile bibliographies on this subject. Ganda Singh, Kirpal Singh, N.G. Barrier, Hakam Singh, Jaginder Singh Ramdev, Jasmer Singh, Rajwant Singh, Man Singh Deora, Priya Muhar Rai, Darshan Singh Tatla, and others have contributed bibliographical works on Sikhs and Sikhism. These works have helped the scholars a lot for making their choices narrower and have saved their time. Some of the selected annotated entries are given below:

r Aggarwal, Subhash C. and Ramesh R. Aggarwal. Punjab: A select bibliography. Chandigarh: Arun Publications, 1980. The ﬁrst volume of this bibliographical work includes books, monographs reports, articles, and proceedings arranged alphabetically under different subject headings. Its second volume was brought out in 1985.

r Ahluwalia, M.L. Select document—Gurdwara reform movement, 1919–25: An era of Congress–Akali collaboration. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1985. 492p. This publication comprises a number of relevant sources on the subject that enlist ofﬁcial records, reports, correspondence, and speeches of prominent leaders. The compilation also includes documents on the Gurdwara reform bill of 1922, and Sikh Gurdwara act of 1925.

r Ahluwalia, M.L. Select documents relating to Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s negotiations with British envoy Charles T. Metcalf. New Delhi: Ashoka International Publishers, 1982. 549p. It is an excellent contribution that contains valuable material for research and writing on an important aspect of the recent history of Punjab. There are around 255 documents listed in it relating to Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

r Banerjee, Himadri has done several studies on the compilation of sources relating to Sikhs in Bengali writings. ‘Sikh history and Sikhism in Bengali writing: A select bibliography’ was published in the Journals of Sikh Studies (Feb 1986), while ‘Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali writings’ was printed in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1987). And

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his ‘Sikh history in Bengali literature’ appeared in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1984). All these studies enlist Bengali works on Sikh Gurus and the history.

r Barnett, L.D. Punjabi printed books in the British Museum. London, 1961. It is a useful bibliography of documents on Punjab and Sikhs available in the British Museum, London.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. Punjab history in printed documents: A bibliographic guide to parliamentary papers and select non-serial publications, 1843–1947. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969. 108p. It is an excellent survey of government sources available on Punjab history. Some of the listed papers relate to Sikhs and Sikh wars.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. The Punjab in nineteenth century tracts: An introduction to the pam-

phlet collections in the British Museum and India Ofﬁce. East Lansing, Michigan: Research Committee on the Punjab and Michigan State University, 1969. This is a useful survey of important vernacular and English languages tracts on the history of Punjab available in the British Museum.

r Barrier, N. Gerald. The Sikhs and their literature: A guide to tracts, books and periodicals, 1849–1919. Delhi: Manohar, 1970. 153p. It surveys vernacular and English language literature on the Sikhs, published during 1849–1919. The work has been designed to facilitate research on a neglected phase of Sikh history, and includes 1240 annotated entries of documents along with the source of location. It is a valuable document for information and research.

r Barrier, N. Gerald and Paul Wallace. Punjab press, 1880–1905. East Lansing, Michigan: Research Committee on the Punjab, 1970. 201p. This source mostly includes data from the newspapers. There are some references that concern the Sikhs directly.

r Bhatia, H.S. Rare documents on Sikhs and their rule in Punjab. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1981. 272p. It is a useful source for rare material published on Sikh history.

r Cheema, Pervaiz Iqbal. Select bibliography of periodical literature on India and Pakistan 1947–70. Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1976. This set is in three volumes published in different years, and is a useful bibliographical publication which lists references to articles published on India and Pakistan in foreign journals. The ﬁrst volume is devoted solely to Pakistan while second volume deals with the literature published on India. This volume contains references selected from 575 journals on varied subjects, namely, Arts, Defense, Economics, Education Foreign Affairs, Language and Literature, Politics and Government, Religion and Social life etc. A good number of references on Sikhism, Punjabi language and literature, and Punjab affairs have been included.

r Chilana, Rajwant Singh. International bibliography of Sikh Studies. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005. It is the most up-to-date, and comprehensive survey of literature published up to June 2004 in English through out the globe. This monumental work includes books, research papers, conference proceedings, magazine articles, composite works, theses and dissertations on all aspects of Sikhs and Sikhism. Entries are arranged alphabetically under twenty-eight chapters and their sub-headings. Author, title, and subject indexes have been appended. The work is also planned to be online searchable database that may be accessible by scholars from their computers.

r Deora, Man Singh. In recent years Man Singh Deora has made signiﬁcant contribution in this area through his bibliographical studies. ‘Guru Nanak: A select bibliography’ appeared in Journal of Sikh Studies (Feb–Aug 1981); ‘Guru Tegh Bahadur—A select bibliography 1965– 1982’ was published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (April 1983); and ‘Punjab

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imbroglio—Bibliography of select articles’ appeared in Punjab Journal of Politics (Jan–June 1984).

r Deora, Man Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A literary survey. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1989. 158p. It is detailed bibliography of 1455 references on life and times of the tenth Sikh Guru.

r Dharam Singh. A bibliography of doctoral theses in Punjabi. Ludhiana: Punjabi Writers Cooperative Society, 1985. 104p. This document contains a list of theses accepted for Ph.D. degree in various Indian universities. A number of theses on several aspects of Sikhism have been included in this publication.

r Ganda Singh. ‘A bibliography on Sikh religion and historical literature’ was a maiden attempt in this area that took the shape of a list of 207 books in English and was published in Phulwari Magazine, 6(2–3), Dec 1929–Jan 1930, 373–82.

r Ganda Singh. Bibliography of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union. Patiala: Archives Department, PEPSU, 1954. This document covered Punjab and Sikhs only partially.

r Ganda Singh. A select bibliography of the Sikhs and Sikhism. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1965. 436p. The sole purpose of this compilation was to put together all necessary information about the material on the history of Sikhs and Sikhism available in different languages. Books and manuscripts included in this volume have been arranged by authors under different languages. Information about manuscripts is little elaborated as names of libraries and institutions, where these are preserved, have also been given.

r Ganda Singh. The Sahitya Academy of India brought out a National bibliography of Indian literature in 1970. Its third volume compiled by Dr. Ganda Singh contains a comprehensive list of references on Punjabi literature, Sikh religion, and history.

r Ganda Singh. Some conﬁdential papers of the Akali movement. Amritsar: Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Sikh Itihas Research Board,1965. 320p. This publication contains 192 documents on the political agitators. The majority of papers are in English and Punjabi.

r Ganda Singh. Bibliography of Punjab. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966. 245p. It is major contribution in this ﬁeld that came from Ganda Singh. Its scope was limited only to medieval and modern periods of Punjab, with particular reference to the Sikhs. This volume contains list of books only and does not mention the material lying buried in important research periodicals. Also, the entries are not arranged subject-wise, an approach which is useful for retrieving information rapidly and pointedly. A supplement of this bibliography appeared in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1969. Beside this, Dr. Ganda Singh also compiled ‘Bibliography of Sikhs in Canada and California’ that was published in the Punjab Past and Present (October 1970); and ‘Guru Nanak—A bibliography’ appeared in 1969 issue of Punjab Past and Present. Ganda Singh’s ‘Some important sources of information on Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s period’ appeared in the Panjab Past and Present (Oct 1981), that contains important contemporary English and Persian sources on Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

r Gaur, Ganesh. Catalogue of Punjabi printed books added to India Ofﬁce Library, 1902– 1964. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Ofﬁce, 1975. 404p. This bibliographical work is alphabetically arranged by authors, and covers the documents published between 1902 and 1964 during which about 6000 Punjabi books were acquired by the India ofﬁce Library.

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r Gilbert, Victor F. and Darshan Singh Tatla. Immigrants, minorities and race relations: A bibliography of theses and dissertations presented at British and Irish universities, 1900–1981. London: Mansell, 1984. 153p. This work includes several entries on Sikhs in Great Britain and Canada.

r Gulati, S.P. and Rajinder Singh. Bibliography Sikh Studies. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1989. 220p. The work has been divided into two volumes bound together. Volume-1 contains books published between 1948–1988, and the second part includes publications from 1849 to 1947. Main subjects coverage in this reference source are—Sikh scriptures, biographies and teachings of Sikh Gurus, doctrine and philosophy, politics history and institutions.

r Guru Nanak Dev University Library. A classiﬁed catalogue of rare books in Punjabi (Mimeographed) was brought in 1976 by the Library staff. In addition, the library staff also compiled ‘Classiﬁed catalogue of rare books’ available in the Library in English, Hindi and Sanskrit. A list of subject-headings has been given in each part. After the classiﬁed part, an author index and title index have been provided in each volume.

r Gustafson, W. Eric and Kenneth W. Jones. Sources on Punjab history: A study sponsored by the Research Committee on the Punjab. Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1975. 454p. This is a useful publication for scholars and librarians involved in a broad spectrum of disciplines, and has listing of some papers on Sikhs.

r Hakam Singh. Sikh Studies: A classiﬁed bibliography of printed books in English. Patiala: Punjab Publishing House, 1982. 241p. This work clubs together more than 1700 references under different subject headings. Entries are arranged alphabetically by the names of authors. Scholars of Sikhism will ﬁnd it useful as it hold quite a good source of material in its covers. Author and title indexes have been appended in this bibliography.

r Jasmer Singh, et al. Bibliography Sikh Studies. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1993. 119p. (Vol. 2). Entries in this bibliography are arranged alphabetically under ten chapters on various aspects of Sikhism. Only printed books have been chosen to be part of this effort. Title and author indexes have been provided to facilitate easy search.

r Kirpal Singh. A catalogue of Punjabi and Urdu manuscripts in the Sikh history research department until March 1963. Amritsar: Khalsa College, 1963.

r Kirpal Singh—has done a commendable job by producing a comprehensive work ‘Bibliography on Guru Nanak Dev’ (Mimeographed). This work, which is in ﬁve volumes, was completed in 1981as a partial fulﬁllment of Ph.D. at the University of Punjab, Chandigarh.

r Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak’s Japuji: A descriptive bibliography. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1990. 384p. This comprehensive source contains 767 entries pertaining to the Japu ji Sahib, and include books, articles, conference proceedings, as well as contributions from the composite work published up to 1979. The work has been organised in two parts. The main part arranges all available literature in a classiﬁed order divided into several headings and sub-headings. The second part discusses bibliometric study of literature on Japuji. Author-title, title-author, language and subject indexes have been appended to this volume.

r Kohli, Sita Ram. Catalogue of Khalsa Darbar records. Lahore: Government Printing Press, 1919. 2 Vols. This two volume set contains important sources on Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his rule.

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r Malik, Ikram Ali. Bibliography of the Punjab and its dependencies 1849–1910. Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1968. 309p. This compilation is a listing of several entries of books, reports, manuscripts, articles, and theses on Sikhs and Punjab.

r McLeod., W.H. McLeod has provided a selective bibliography of monographs in his book Historical dictionary of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. 221–349. Entries have been arranged alphabetically by author’s names under several headings and subheadings.

r Mittal, S.C. A selected annotated bibliography on freedom movement in India: Punjab and Haryana, 1858–1947. New Delhi: Prakashan, 1992. 254p. It lists important resources on the role of Sikhs and others in the Indian freedom movement.

r Oberoi, Harjot Singh. ‘Historiographical and bibliographical reconstruction of the Singh Sabha in nineteenth century Punjab’ was published in Journal of Sikh Studies (Aug 1983), and contains a good account of literature survey in English and Punjabi on the Singh Sabha movement. This includes memoirs, private papers, government reports, periodicals, pamphlets and newspapers.

r O’Connell, Joseph T. The author conducted a comprehensive bibliographical survey of works concerning Sikhs in Canada. ‘Sikh studies and studies of Sikhs in Canada’ was published in the Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1986), and includes research articles, books, theses and other writings.

r Punjabi Pustak Kosh—is a subject wise bibliography of Punjabi books. It was published in 1971 by the Language Department of Punjab, Patiala. The ‘Kosh’ has been divided into sixty parts having further sub divisions, and gives information about various publications in Punjabi language. Entries are arranged in alphabetical order under different subject-headings and provides the author’s name, title, pagination, full address of the publisher, cost, year of publication, and edition statement.

r Rai, Priya Muhar. Sikhism and the Sikhs: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989. 257p. This work contains 1,150 entries organized in seven chapters, and includes books, and select articles published in English since 1965. All entries are annotated and numbered consecutively throughout the book. Author, title and subject indexes have been appended.

r Rajwant Singh. At Guru Nanak Foundation, New Delhi, Rajwant Singh introduced the publication of a monthly ‘Documentation on Sikh Studies and Punjab Affairs’, and was continued from 1986 to 1987. This work contains books, theses, periodicals and newspapers articles. It is an applicable venture in areas where none existed before and is considered as an important index to current literature published in India and abroad. This has been since revived by Navneet Kaur at the National Institute of Punjab Studies (Bhai Vir Singh Sadan), New Delhi (2003–).

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Maharaja Ranjit Singh—A select bibliography’ was published in the October 1986 issue of Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion. This work includes about 300 references on the life, family, military and battles of the great Maharaja.

r Rajwant Singh. The Sikhs: Their literature on culture, history, philosophy, politics, religion and traditions. Delhi: Indian Bibliographies Bureau, 1989. 250p. It is the ﬁrst bibliographical effort to put together all books, research articles, theses and other sources on Sikh studies under sixteen chapters. Each chapter is further divided in to sub-headings, and entries are arranged

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

alphabetically by authors and provide bibliographical details. This work is a comprehensive bibliography that ﬁlls a major gap in Sikh literature.

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Sikhs abroad—A bibliographical study’ appeared in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Vol. 9, 1990), and lists sources on Sikhs settled in various countries.

r Rajwant Singh. ‘Information sources in Sikh studies’ was published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (Oct 1987). This work includes annotated listing of Sikh Encyclopedias, indexing and abstracting sources, bibliographies, dictionaries and directories.

r Rajwant Singh and Navneet Kaur. ‘Bhai Vir Singh—A select bibliography’, published in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion (April 1987) contains a list of useful references on the famous Punjabi scholar. It includes books, articles and theses under several headings like biography, poetical works, Sikh religion, appraisal and tributes.

r Rajwant Singh and Navneet Kaur. ‘Philosophy of Sikhism—A select bibliography’ appeared in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(1–2), Apr–Oct 1988, 214–26. It is a selective list of works arranged alphabetically by prominent authors on the philosophy of Sikhism.

r Ramdev, Jaginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A descriptive bibliography. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 260p. The book is divided into 37 different headings and there are about 1367 references listed under these headings in different languages. The attempt has been commendable and the value of the book has been enhanced by a learned foreword by Dr. M.S. Randhawa. This work will remain a useful source of information so far as life and teachings of the great Guru are concerned.

r Ranbir Singh. ‘Sikh Religion—A descriptive bibliography’ was compiled in the form of a dissertation, and was submitted to Punjab University, Chandigarh in 1967 (Unpublished).

r Sarkar, Jadunath. The ﬁrst ever bibliography on Sikhism was contributed by Jadunath Sarkar in 1907, that appeared in the Modern Review Journal under the title ‘Bibliography of Sikh history’.

r Shackle, Christopher. Catalogue of the Punjab and Sindhi manuscripts in the India Ofﬁce Library. London: India Ofﬁce Library and Records, 1977. 79p. This catalogue contains a concise description of 87 manuscripts which have been classiﬁed as Sikh (37), Muslim Panjab (34) and Sindhi manuscripts (16).

r Shamsher Singh Ashok. Sada Hath-Likhit Punjabi Sahit (Punjabi). Amritsar: Sikh History Research Board, 1968. It is useful annotated bibliography of about 800 unpublished manuscripts of Punjabi literature, lying in the Sikh Reference Library, Sri Guru Ramdas Library and Central Sikh Museum, Amritsar. This descriptive catalogue of manuscripts is a useful tool for the researchers and historians.

r Sharma, Jagdish Saran. Indian Minorities—A bibliographical study; and Sources of Indian civilization—A bibliography of works by world orientalists other than Indian (1974) contain a good number of references on Sikh religion, history, and literature.

r Takkar, Amrit Lal. Descriptive catalogue of Punjabi manuscripts in the Vrindaban Research Institute. Vrindaban: Research Institute, 1996. 97p.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh conducted two surveys of theses and dissertations relating to Sikhs settled abroad, and on Punjab affairs, and brought out two important bibliographies. His ‘Sikhs Abroad: A research bibliography’ was published in the Journal of Sikh Studies (Feb 1983). This work includes theses and dissertations submitted in the Universities of Britain and

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United States on Sikhs settled abroad. His earlier contribution ‘Theses in the Punjab in United Kingdom: A bibliography’ was published in Punjab Past and Present (April 1982). Its Punjabi translation appeared in Khoj Darpan (Jan 1982). This work includes list of theses arranged alphabetically under history, religion, literature, education, and emigrants.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh. Sikhs in North America: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. 180p. This bibliography is organized alphabetically by author within general subject areas like migration and settlement, education and employment, family and social change, literature and media, politics and religion. A particular strength of this bibliography is its attention to literature produced by Punjabi writers and ethnic press. A select list of Punjabi writers and their writings, and a list of over 100 periodicals published in North America have been appended to this work.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh. Theses on Punjab (1990–1995). Coventry: Association for Punjab

Studies (UK), 1996. This work has been published in two volumes. Its ﬁrst volume—A bibliography of dissertations presented to universities of Europe, Russia and the Far East, while the second volume contains dissertations presented to the universities of North America. A number of works on Sikh history, politics, religion, and Punjabi Diaspora have been listed in classiﬁed order. It is a good source to ﬁnd research activities on Sikhs in various universities around the world.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh and Eleanor M. Nesbitt. Sikhs in Britain: An annotated bibliography. Coventry: University of Warwick, 1994. 103p. This work enlists sources on migration and settlement, education, employment, family and social life, language and literature, religion, and politics. The second edition of this bibliography was released in 1994, and provides useful information to both serious and occasional scholars of Sikhism present in Britain. Author and place indexes are appended in this volume.

r Tatla, Darshan Singh and Ian Talbot. Punjab: A bibliography. Karachi: Books and Books, 1996. 321p.

r Tiwari, V.N., Ed. Bhai Vir Singh Sandarbh Kosh. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1974. 220p. It is a comprehensive bibliography on the works and biography of Bhai Vir Singh. It is an exhaustive list of books containing about 700 entries divided into four sections—Punjabi, English, Hindi and Urdu. Four subject headings—Poetry, Prose, literary criticism and biography—have been identiﬁed and books are listed under these headings in chronological order. This is a useful reference tool to the readers who want to pursue work on great Sikh scholar—Bhai Vir Singh.

r Verma, Devinder Kumar and Jasmer Singh. A bibliography of Dr. Ganda Singh. Rajpura (Patiala): Aman Publishing House, 1989. 94p. This work is a useful attempt to make available to the scholars of the Punjab and Sikh history an annotated bibliography of the historical writings of Dr. Ganda Singh. Efforts have been made to enlist all forms of documents produced by him such as books, articles, presidential addresses, and conference proceedings. 1.1.6. Dictionaries & Glossaries Several types of subjects and language dictionaries have been brought out in the areas of Sikhs and Punjab studies. Some of the useful dictionaries are discussed under the following paragraphs:

r Chilana, Rajwant Singh. Dictionary of Sikh Names. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 2001. 203p. This is an exhaustive reference source that has been compiled to cater to the need of

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Sikh families around the world and help them select the traditional names in the Sikh religion for their offspring. The dictionary is also intended to meet the need of those who want to ﬁnd out the meanings of Sikh names. This book is a useful source of information for the people living in different parts of the globe, particularly in Western countries where, because of limited choice, it is still difﬁcult to select meaningful and suitable names. Chapters on naming ceremony, last names, honoriﬁc titles and popular nick names provide interesting information.

r Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. A popular dictionary of Sikhism. London: Curzon Press, 1990. 163p. This publication includes names, places, historical events, and major terms related to Sikh beliefs and practices. Names of famous religious and political Sikh leaders and soldiers have also been included.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Dictionary of mythological references in Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros., 1993. 167p. This work has been produced at the request of some students of the Sikh scriptures, because in various hymns, they ﬁnd some mythological references and can not proceed ahead unless they fully understand the importance of such citations. In order to explain each reference, it was decided to give the source of the reference, examples of its use in Guru Granth Sahib along with the required episode or comment.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Dictionary of Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar: Singh Bros., 1996. 353p. It is a useful dictionary of around 14,500 selected words from Guru Grant Sahib with their meanings in English. The base for the words in this volume is the concordance prepared by Gurcharan Singh. Each word has been transliterated, and Gumukhi script is given in brackets, and then meaning in English.

r Kohli, Surinder Singh. Punjabi Sahit Kosh is a Punjabi literature dictionary brought out in three volumes by the Punjab University, Chandigarh under the editorship of Surinder Singh Kohli. Contributions by various eminent and learned scholars have been incorporated in this document. This dictionary has been found very useful in locating meanings of words used in different literature, biographical notes, historical places and other related information.

r Lal Singh. Kosh Sri Dasam Granth (Dictionary of Dasam Granth) was published in 1949 in two volumes, and provides meanings on various terms used in Guru Gobind Singh’s Granth.

r Language Department of Punjab brought out Shabdarth—Bani Guru Nanak Dev Ji (Punjabi) in 1970. It is a useful dictionary of words expressed in Guru Nanak Bani in the Adi Granth.

r Malhotra, R.P. and Kuldip Arora. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2003. This work is in two volumes, and includes an in-depth study of over 167 Punjabi literati and 395 popular literary works from the earliest period to contemporary writings. Several entries relating to Sikh studies have been included in this work like Sikh Gurus, Guru Granth Sahib, Janamsakhi, Japuji, Dasam Granth, Bachitra Natak, Chandi di var, Sukhmani, and others. Biographical information along with works of some prominent Sikh authors like Bhai Vir Singh, Jodh Singh, Kapur Singh, Nanak Singh, Sahib Singh, Puran Singh, Harbans Singh, Surinder Singh Kohli, Harnam Singh Shan, Kartar Singh Duggal, Jaswant Singh Neki, and many others have been appended.

r McLeod, H.W. Historical dictionary of Sikhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. 349p. It is an excellent and comprehensive work on the topic that includes introduction to Sikh religion, chronology of Sikh history, meanings of more than 1,000 Sikh terms and concepts, as well as an up-to-date classiﬁed bibliography of works on Sikhs and Sikhism.

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r Mehtab Singh compiled a dictionary of names and places listed in Guru Granth Sahib under the title ‘Sri Guru Granth Sahib vich ditte navan te thavan da kosh’. Its third edition was brought out from Amritsar in 1959.

r Padam, Piara Singh. The author compiled two dictionaries—(a) Gurbani Kosh in 1960, and (b) Guru Granth Sanket Kosh in 1977 which was published by the Punjabi University, Patiala.

r Rangarajan, T. Dictionary of Indian religions. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 2003. Published in two volumes, it contains a good numbers of entries on Sikh religion with meanings in English. Entries are arranged alphabetically in these volumes.

r Sevak, Seva Singh brought out ‘Gurbani Sankhia Kosh’ in 1971. r Shackle, Christopher. Guru Nanak glossary. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1981. 276p. Its second revised edition was brought in 1995. This is a glossary of the words found in the hymns of Guru Nanak Dev containing in the Adi Granth. It also includes all additional words found in the couplets of Guru Angad. There are about 6,000 entries and word listed both in Gurmukhi script and romanised transcription, with meanings in English.

r Shan, Harnam Singh. Sayings of Guru Nanak: A dictionary of the thoughts of the founder of Sikhism. Amritsar: SGPC, 2002. 636p. It is a collection of some of the simple and popular quotations taken from the hymns of Guru Nanak contained in Guru Granth Sahib. Sayings have been arranged theme-wise, and subject-wise, with most appropriate headings.

r Sodhi, Teja Singh. Sri Guru Bani Prakash. In this, dictionary meaning of difﬁcult words of Guru Granth Sahib have been arranged page wise in Punjabi language. This is a two volume set published in 1953.

r Taran Singh. Guru Granth Ratnavali. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1972. 192p. (In PunjabiHindi-English). This work contains dictionary information about Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh Gurus, and all those saints who contributed their thoughts in the Holy scripture.

r Vir Singh (Bhai). Shri Guru Granth Kosh. The ﬁrst edition of this dictionary in Punjabi was released in February 1899.

1.2. Electronic & Online Resources Information resources on Sikhs and Sikhism in the form of software and Internet websites are continually growing. Many dedicated Gursikhs have spent a signiﬁcant amount of time in doing research and producing software on CD ROMs. Such software allows users to interactively explore different aspects of Sikhism, via text, graphics, music and video clips, and other forms. Some of the popular CD ROMs are listed below. There are also several hundred web sites on Sikhs and Sikhism that have been developed in recent years and most of these are in English. A lot of literature and information on Sikh studies is also produced in Punjabi, but there is more need for concerted efforts to develop good electronic resources in the Punjabi language. This list of web sites that I have selected is based on how frequently they are updated, their ease of use and educational value. Finding authoritative information was a difﬁcult task, but it is hoped that these sites provide useful access to aspects of Sikhism which may not be offered by print resources alone.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

1.2.1. CD ROMS

r Bains, Raghbir Singh. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Surrey, Canada: Macro Media, 1999. This is the ﬁrst computerized multimedia source of its kind that contains complete English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, Sikh history, over one hundred color plates and videos, Shabad Kirtan, Sikh code of conduct, and audio-visual tour of the world Sikh shrines.

r Bhupinder Singh brought out an ‘All About Sikhism CD-ROM’. r Cyber Giani for learning Punjabi. Cyber Giani is a Microsoft Windows based Stateof-the-Art interactive multimedia program to learn to read, speak and write the Punjabi language. It provides fast, effective, comprehensive and basic to advanced learning experience with extensive use of native speakers’ video, graphics, pictures, movies and music (http://www.sonanet.com).

r Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh. The Sikh Encyclopaedia (Electronic resource). Chandigarh: Mrdoit Services, 2003. This is an informative and most latest CD Rom on Sikhs and Sikhism that covers several topics like Gurdwaras, biographies of Sikh Gurus and martyrs, Sikh history and chronology, and description of 31 Ragas.

r Gurbani CD-ROM. Shri Guru Granth Sahib Foundation, 2000. The computer data on the Gurbani—CD includes: Text of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Nitnem Banies and Bhai Gurdas’s Banies in Gurmukhi, and Devnagari, and transliteration of text of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and Nitnem Banies in customized roman characters.

r Kapoor, Pritmohan Singh and Bhupinder Singh Kapoor. Scriptures and the heritage of the Sikhs (English translation). Computer File, computer laser optical disc. San Jose, California: Advanced Micro Supplies, Inc., 1995.

r Sikh Virasat—(A set of 2 CD-ROM). Chandigarh: Punsoft E—Solution, n.d. This set is a unique and rich multimedia experience spread over 519 sub-topics under six subject headings. One glides through a different world of splendid graphics, paragraphs of well researched text authenticated by the highest Sikh bodies, more than 50 melodious music clips of more than 4 hours of shabads and ragas of Bhai Balbir Singh Ex-Hazuri Ragi, Harimandar Sahib. 1.2.2. Online Resources

r Akal Sangat—http://www.akalsangat.com/—The website for a timeless community. It is a good web site for learning more about Sikhism or viewing a site devoted to the Sikh philosophy.

r Akhand Kirtani Jatha—http://www.akj.org.uk/about/—The Akhand Kirtani Jatha is a Sikh organization which actively promotes the Gursikh lifestyle, as taught by the Sikh Guru. Its primary activity is to recite the holy verses of our Guru (Gurbani) along with simple musical accompaniments—this practice is known as Kirtan and has been actively encouraged by Guru Sahib. It is a world-wide organization with centers in Punjab, UK, USA, Canada, India, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and other nations.

r All About Sikhism—http://allaboutsikhs.com/home.php—is a gateway to Sikhism, and is an excellent resource site on various aspects of Sikhs. It provides information on Sikh Gurus, history, Sikh way of life, scriptures, Gurdwaras, and Sikh youth.

r All India Index to English Books in Print—http://www.nisc.com/factsheets/qebip.asp)—is the ﬁrst electronic version of Indian Books in Print that lists thousands of books on Sikhs not

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found in elsewhere, along with their prices. A directory of Indian publishers with complete addresses and contact details is also included.

r Association of Sikh Professionals—http://www.sikhprofessionals.org/—The Association is a service organization formed in 1984 by several Sikhs in the Midwest region of the United States. It has gradually expanded its membership signiﬁcantly throughout the United States. The Association funds and supports various Sikh service projects, and provides grants to the many projects, which assist Sikhs and the less fortunate around the world.

r Atam Marg: Gateway to Spirituality—http://www.atammarg.org—is maintained by the Vishav Gurmat Roohani Mission Charitable Trust.

r Bibliography of Asian Studies—http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/b/bas)—is an on-line version of the Bibliography of Asian Studies that contains records on all subjects, especially humanities and social sciences, pertaining to East, Southeast, and South Asia published worldwide from 1971 to the present, and has several hundred references indexed from the journals and composite works on Sikh studies.

r Chardi Kalaa—http://www.chardikalaa.com/—The objectives of this site are to contribute to the Chardi Kalaa of the local Sikh community by helping to foster a sense of community and reinforcing Sikh values with a special emphasis on community service (seva) and on Sikh youth. It presents a framework for catering to social, cultural, recreational and religious needs of the community through programs that are tailored to the American environment and complementary to those provided by Gurdwaras in the area.

r DELNET—the Developing Library Network—http://delnet.nic.in/—provides a union catalogue of books, union list of current periodicals, CD-ROM Databases, Database of Indian specialists, database of periodical articles, union list of video recordings, Urdu manuscripts’ database, database of theses and dissertations on India.

r Five K Net—http://www.5knet.com/—It is good site for disseminating information to Sikh youth, and has link to Indian Sikh Youth Discussion Forum.

r Fort: Panth Khalsa—http://www.community.net/∼khalsa/—An invaluable resource for the Khalsa Nation, and provides detailed accounts and essays on some of the most important historical events for the Sikhs, as well as thorough examinations of various Panthic matters.

r Gobind Sadan—http://gobindsadan.org/index.shtml—It is an interfaith, farm-based community “rooted in the Sikh teachings” web site that is guided by Baba Virsa Singh.

r Gurbani—http://www.Gurbani .org/—A brilliant resource, full of well-researched essays on various themes mentioned in Gurbani. The essays allow to understand in simple terms the wonderful words of our Guru Sahib.

r Gurdwara Bangla Sahib—http://www.banglasahib.org/—This site provides useful information and photographs of the Gurdwara Bangla Sahib that is situated in New Delhi.

r Gurmat Preaching Society—http://www.gurmatps.org—This society was founded in 1999 out of the need to create appropriate multimedia and online material for the youth of today and the coming generations.

r Gurmat Studies Foundation—http://www.gurmatstudies.com/index.htm—The Gurmat Studies Foundation had a vision of such an institute in North America that would train children, youth, and adults about Sikhism. Through the Guru’s blessings that vision has turned into reality. It is a place where children and youth learn the basics of Sikhism while training

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

adults to become Sikh preachers. Its main goal is to educate society about the Sikh faith and to build preachers for the future.

r Hemkunt Sahib—http://www.hemkuntsahib.com/—This is a beautiful site on Gurdwara Hemkunt Sahib that is located in the Himalayas, and is also regarded as one of the holiest places of the Sikhs. It was there that Sri Guru Gobind Singh the tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs is reported to have meditated in his previous life. It provides links to Sikh symbols, Hukamnama, and other topics.

r History of the Sikhs—http://www.sikh-history.com/—This site offers biographies of the Gurus; major historical events; biographies of the Sikh martyrs; biographies of great Sikh warriors; institutes of Sikhism and other Sikh personalities.

r Ikonkar—http://www.ikonkar.com/—It is a good site for locating resources on Sikhism and Gurdwaras.

r Index to Social Sciences Periodicals—http://isidev.nic.in/odb.html—is the on-line index to over one hundred Indian Social Science journals, and press clippings ﬁles of national English dailies. It contains a good number of citations on Sikhs and Sikhism.

r International Institute of Gurmat Studies—http://www.iigs.com/—The IGSS is a prominent world wide institute for its historic role of pioneering the International Sikh Youth Camping Movement. It is a non-proﬁt, religious Sikh organization that was founded in Lucknow in 1955. In 1979, IGS went International by holding its ﬁrst camp outside India (the 12th Sikh Youth Camp) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Since January 1985, it has been headquartered in California, USA.

r International Sikh Heritage Association—http://www.isha.net.—ISHA is a volunteer organization of concerned Punjabis dedicated to serve as a source of information on all aspects of Punjabi heritage, culture, history, language and customs. It also align with other like-minded organizations interested in the activities of promoting the Punjabi culture through seminars, symposiums, TV media, stage dramas, Kavi Darbars and printed media.

r Namdhari Sikhs—http://www.namdhari.org/—It is an informative site on the Namdhari Sikhs also known as Kukas in the political annals of India, and are rightly called “Torch bearer of India’s freedom struggle”. Also visit Namdhari Faith—http://namdhari.faithweb.com/

r Nishkam—http://www.nishkam.org/—It is an ofﬁcial web site of the Sikh Welfare Council whose main objective is to perform Seva, Simran and truthful living. Those who start with Seva without expectation of any reward (Nishkam-Seva) and go on doing it, are bestowed with the boon of Simran from which follows the truthful living and other qualities.

r Punjabi American Heritage Society—http://www.punjabiamericanheritagesociety.com— Based in Yuba City, California, the organization aims to educate “about the Punjabi culture and universal liberal teaching of the Sikh Gurus” in the American context.

r Ramgarhia Sikhs—http://www.ramgarhia.org/—Its an ofﬁcial site of the Ramgarhia Sabha Southall, London, and has several links to education, matrimonial, services and sports.

r Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee—http://www.sgpc.net/—It is an ofﬁcial website of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee that has useful and authenticated links to Gurus, Guru Granth Sahib, Gurdwaras, Rehat Maryada, historical dates and events.

r Sikh.net—http://www.sikh.net/index.html—The purpose of this site is to increase the awareness of the Sikhs to the main elements of the Sikh faith, socio-cultural nuances,

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activities and events, and to educate our youths and to increase their awareness to the Sikh religion. It also aims to create a network of the Sikh professionals around the world.

r Sikh Cyber Museum—http://www.sikhcybermuseum.org/—The Sikh Cyber Museum is a non-commercial educational project that focuses on Anglo-Sikh history. The website has been funded by the Heritage Lottery fund and managed by the council of Sikh Gurdwaras in Birmingham. The primary aim of the project is to enhance and enrich relations between those of Sikh origin and the general community via the World Wide Web.

r Sikh Dharma—http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/sikd.html—The site gives

detailed information about the Sikh Dharma: Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) a non-proﬁt organization dedicated to sharing the teachings of Kundalini Yoga as taught by Singh Sahib Harbhajan Singh Yogi. Also visit—http://www.yogibhajan.com.

r Sikh Doctors in North America—http://sikhdocs.org/—It is an ofﬁcial web site of the North

American Sikh Medical & Dental Association (NASMDA). Its objectives are to compile a comprehensive directory of Sikh physicians and dentists residing in North America, to promote the interest of Sikh physicians and dentists in United States, Canada and elsewhere, to support Sikh physicians and dentists, as well as other brilliant and deserving Sikh professionals pursuing their careers in those ﬁelds or any other ﬁelds in the United States, Canada and elsewhere.

r Sikh Films—http://www.sikhﬁlms.com/—The site is completely devoted to the cause of

projecting Sikhism in the right perspective. Its main purpose is to keep all the Sikhs, Punjabis and the entire world informed about all the ﬁlm projects based on the Sikh religion, history and society.

r Sikh Foundation USA—http://www.sikhfoundation.org—The Foundation was founded in 1967 at Palo Alto, and works to promote the heritage and future of Sikhism. It is a non-proﬁt organization that aims to build a global network of professionals and entrepreneurs from a diverse verticals of industry and work collectively to make a positive difference to the future of Sikhs, Sikhism and society at large.

r Sikh Mediawatch and Resource Task Force—http://www.sikhmediawatch.org—The SMART is an advocacy group that monitors media and serves as a source of information and education regarding Sikhs. Its aim is to build bridges of understanding, to help foster greater social harmony and acquaintance of Sikhs as an integral, active part of the diverse American community.

r Sikh Missionary College—http://www.chardikalaa.com/∼smc—This Sikh home page is maintained by Ranbir Kaur Khalsa of Germany. It provides extensive information on Sikh religion, Sikh Missionary College (Ludhiana), books and other issues.

r Sikh Nation—http://www.sikhnation.com—The mission of this web site is to be a one-stop resource cooperative, by bringing the vast amount of resources on Sikhs and Sikhism available on the internet onto one website. It was started in August 1997 to provide information and resources for the beneﬁt of the Singapore Sikh community, and eventually it became a ‘One-Stop’ information archive on the events and happenings in the Singapore Sikh Community. In 2003, the website was revamped and has parted into two distinct portals namely; SikhNation.com and SingaporeSikhs.com

r Sikh Net (Sikh Dharma International)—http://www.sikhnet.com—Begun as a computer bulletin board system of Sikh Dharma, today Sikh Net aims to connect Sikhs around the world through an online community. This site offers a wealth of information about Sikhism.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

Main categories include community, directories, youth and children, downloads, Sikhism, shopping and Gurbani (music).

r Sikh Network—http://www.sikhnetwork.org/index.php?p=publications—This network publishes the online guide on Sikhism entitled “Sikhism and the Sikh People: A Reference Guide”.

r Sikh Point—http://www.sikhpoint.com/—This site is a comprehensive resource site for Sikhism meeting the needs and aspirations of the Sikhs worldwide—social, cultural, religious, professional and personal, and elite podium providing a strong network for alleged groups to collaborate, exchange information and expand their horizons to serve humanity as exemplary citizens.

r Sikh Rehit Maryada (Code of conduct)—http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharmamanual. html

r Sikh Religion—http://www.sikh-religion.de/—The Sikh-Forum of Germany is an independent internet based service which provides information about Sikhs and their religion in German language. It was founded in 2000 by Sikhs who do not belong to any political or other organization. The Sikh-Forum aims to provide sophisticated information about Sikh philosophy (Sikhism), history and current affairs. Among other contents you get the addresses of Gurdwaras in Europe and upcoming events.

r Sikh Seek—http://www.sikhseek.com/—This is a good web guide for ﬁnding anything about Sikhs. It has links to several topics—Arts and music, business and companies, computers and Internet, Gurdwaras, news and events, philosophy and scriptures, society and culture, and youth.

r Sikh Student—http://www.sikhstudent.com/—Sikh Student Association is a group of college and high school students, and professionals with the aims of helping students in collaboration of human and other resources to create or embitter existing Sikh student organizations at their respective schools.

r Sikhs—http://www.sikhs.org/—It is a good introductory resource that includes complete English translation of the Guru Granth Sahib.

r Sikh Spirit—http://www.sikhspirit.com—is a United Kingdom based site offering a range of resources including “Sikhs in the News” and “Gurmat Learning Zone.”

r Sikh Study Circle—http://www.sikhstudy.com/—The Sikh Study Circle is non-proﬁt religious organization, committed to the promotion of Sikh values. It has tried hard to put into practice the true teachings of the Sikh Gurus.

r Sikhi to the Max—http://www.sikhitothemax.com/—A relatively new web site that has had an amazing effect on the internet’s Sikh population. The whole of Guru Granth Sahib Ji can be searched in both Gurmukhi and English. Bhai Gurdas’ verses and other works have also been added as the site grows virtually every week.

r Sikhism—http://www.sikhs.org/—This site is maintained by Sandeep Singh Brar, and is the oldest web site on Sikhism. It includes the ﬁrst complete English translation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Japji Sahib in Gurmukhi & English transliteration, complete Sikh Rahit Maryada, audio ﬁles of all Nitnem prayers, index by author of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, biographies of the Gurus, photos and details of 65 historical Gurdwaras of Punjab.

r Sri Hemkunt Foundation—http://www.sikh.net/hemkunt—was established in New York in 1980 to educate Sikh children and youth.

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r Surbat Khalsa—http://www.surbut-khalsa.com/—The website is set up by Surbut-Khalsa Ltd based in Hounslow, Greater London.

r Three HO—http://www.3HO.org—The 3HO emphasises on Kundalini Yoga, as taught by Yogi Bhajan, and provides information about the Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization.

r United Sikhs—http://www.unitedsikhs.org/—is a coalition of organizations and individuals, who share a common vision based on the belief that there is no greater endeavor than to serve, empower and uplift fellow beings. Its main objective is to transform under-privileged and minority communities and individuals into informed and vibrant members of society through civic, educational and personal development programs, by fostering active participation in social and economic activity.

r Warrior Saints—http://www.warriorsaints.com/—A great website dedicated to the martial spirit of the Sikhs, and has many informative articles as well as and some video clips of Gatka.

r World Khalsa—http://www.worldkhalsa.com/—is a good source of information on Khalsa Panth, and has links to online Kirtan and other topics on Sikhism.

r World Sikh Organization—http://www.worldsikh.org/home.htm–The WSO was founded on July 28, 1984, in New York, at a gathering attended by representatives of Sikh organizations from around the world. The goal was to create an organization that would be the representative voice of the Sikhs, and to work for the promotion of ideas of universal brotherhood, peace, justice, freedom of worship and speech, respect for cultural diversity and human dignity, without distinctions, as set out in the instruments and covenants of the United States.

1.2.2.1. Online Access to Guru Granth Sahib

r Sri Granth—http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/Gurbani.Gurbani?Action=Main&S=y—Sri Guru Granth Sahib contains 1,430 pages of philosophy from the Sikh Gurus and saints of various faiths. The scriptures, considered the spiritual authority for the Sikhs, promote values such as truth, justice, equality, charity, and love for God.

r The Granth—http://www.sikhs.org/granth.htm—This is a good site for Guru Granth Sahib (also known as the Adi Granth) that is truly unique among the world’s great scriptures.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.sikhnet.com/s/GuruGranthSahib—has links to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Japji Sahib, Gurbani Kirtan Shabds for printing, search engine, daily Hukamnama, and allow to take a “Cyber” Hukamnama.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.srigurugranthsahib.org/—It is one of the largest online resource on Sikhism that links to quotations, audios, articles and other resources.

r Guru Granth Sahib—http://www.ishwar.com/sikhism/holy guru granth sahib/—It is an English translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa that is available online.

r Guru Granth Drapan—http://www.gurugranthdarpan.com/—It provides complete Punjabi translation by Professor Sahib Singh.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji—http://allaboutsikhs.com/ggs/—An excellent web site for reading of Guru Granth Sahib in English, Punjabi and Hindi, as well as English transliteration.

r Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (Faridkot wala teeka)—http://www.ik13.com/teeka.htm—The Faridkot wala teeka of Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji can be downloaded through this site.

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INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIKH STUDIES

1.2.2.2. Online Books, Journals & Newspapers

r Abstracts of Sikh Studies—http://www.sikhstudies.org/PrdSrh.asp—It is a quarterly journal published by the Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh.

r Amrit Keertan Index—http://www.sikhitothemax.com/akindex.asp r Amrit Ki Hain (The Meaning of Sikh Baptism)—by Bhai Randheer Singh—http://www. akj.org/skins/default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=2

r Amrit Kirtan—http://www.amritkirtan.org/ r Articles on Sikhism—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/articles/index.htm—This has a good selection of over ﬁfty ﬁve articles on various topics of Sikhs and Sikhism.

r Atam Marg—http://www.atammargonline.org/—is published monthly. The current and past issues in Gurmukhi, English and Hindi, which comprise of spiritual articles and personal experiences of the ones who have attempted to explore the path of spiritual happiness.

r Gurbaanee Dictionary—http://www.singhsabha.com/Gurbaani dictionary.htm—This is useful online dictionary of words from Guru Granth Sahib with meanings in English.

r Gurmat Parkash—http://www.sgpc.net/gurmat parkash/index main.asp—is a Punjabi monthly journal published by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar. Some of its editions are made available online free of cost for the convenience of the worldwide readers.

r Gurmat Rahit Maryada (The points of contention) by Manmohan Singh—http://www. akj.org/skins/default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=3

r Hail Hair by Birendra Kaur—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/hailhair.htm r IntroductiontoSikhismbyG.S.Mansukhani—http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/ introductiontosikhism2/contents.html—It is a detailed account of Sikh religion, and answers many questions.

r Lions in the Punjab: An Introduction to the Sikh Religion by Andrea Grace Diem— http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/litp/index.htm

r Mahan Kosh (Encyclopedia of Sikh Literature) by Kahn Singh Nabha—http://www. rarasahib.com/Mahan%20Kosh.pdf—This title is the most comprehensive dictionary-cumEncyclopedia of Sikhism, containing about 65,000 words occurring in original Sikh scriptures. To facilitate information, all the entries have been arranged in alphabetical order.

r Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947 by Gurbachan Singh Talib—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/gst/index.htm

r Outlines of Sikh Doctrines by Principal Teja Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ doctrines.htm

r Political Philosophy of the Sikh Gurus by Kanwarjit Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs. com/books/kjs/index.htm

r Rangley Sajjan (The imbued ones) by Bhai Randhir Singh—http://www.akj.org/skins/ default/books.php?ch=1&bookid=5

r Sikh Bulletin—http://www.sikhbulletin.com/—is a monthly publication of voice of concerned Sikhs world wide.

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r Sikh Encyclopedia—http://allaboutsikhs.com/encyclopedia/—This unique source includes a total of about 3,500 entries on different subject titles relating to Sikh life and letters, history and philosophy, customs and rituals, social and religious movements, art and architecture, locales and shrines.

r Sikh Gurus by Kartar Singh Duggal—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ksd/index.htm r Sikh Marg (Punjabi)—http://www.sikhmarg.com/—Every week new articles are posted on this web site. There is no need of any Punjabi (Gurmukhi) fonts to read the Punjabi web site.

r Sikh News—http://www.sikhe.com/—is global Sikh daily news and current affairs online, and updated every day.

r Sikh Religion by Max Arthur Macauliffe—http://www.sacred-texts.com/skh/tsr1/index. htm —is one of the ﬁrst comprehensive book about the Sikh religion in the English language. Macauliffe had extensive access to manuscripts of the Sikh sacred writings (the Granth), as well as support from Sikh scholars and leaders of the time. This is volume one and covers Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Next ﬁve future volumes will also be made available online.

r Sikh Religion Awareness in Modern time by Gurdeep Singh Hura—http://www.gurmatps. org/gps/index.html?../other books/mansukhani/index

r Sikh Review—http://www.sikhreview.org/—The main mission of ‘The Sikh Review’ is to disseminate Gurbani philosophy and the spirit of Sikhism—while developing interfaith understanding and promoting universal moral values—to sustain a dynamic society throughout the world. Primarily targeted at Sikhs of the present and the future generations, this monthly journal is meant for general readers in philosophy, moral science, history and sociology.

r Sikh Spectrum—http://www.sikhspectrum.com/—A literary and intellectual magazine featuring Sikh community and others which discusses socio-economic, political, historical, current affairs, arts, architecture and religious issues not only of Sikhs but others as well.

r Sikh Spirit—http://www.sikhspirit.com/—Sikh Spirit a project of Akaal Purkh Ki Fauj, London, and is published regularly. This monthly publication offers brief articles on Sikh life.

r Sikh Times—http://www.sikhtimes.com/about.html—Established in 1999, Sikh Times is an independent voluntary non-proﬁt project directed at compiling noteworthy news and analysis from around the world on issues of concern to the global Sikh community.

r The Sikh Times—http://www.thesikh-times.co.uk/—The Sikh Times is a bilingual weekly publication that is distributed nationally.

r Sikh-Virsa—http://www.sikhvirsa.com/—is a monthly magazine in English and Punjabi published from Calgary, Canada, and includes papers on Sikhism.

r The Sikh way of life by Ranbir Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/swol/swol01. htm.—It provides an introduction to this title, and eventually the whole book will be accessible online in near future.

r Sri Nanak Parkash—http://www.rarasahib.com/Sri%20Nanak%20Parkash.pdf—by Bhai Santokh Singh.

r Ten Masters by Puran Singh—http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/books/ttm/ttm.htm

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r Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal—http://chahal.info/—is a bi-annual publication from Canada, and is available in paper (printed) form. Selected articles of some of the issues and table of contents for the past issues are available online. 1.2.2.3. Sikh Studies in Universities & Colleges

r Columbia University—http://www.sikh.net/Seva/Sikhchair.htm r Coventry University—http://www.coventry.ac.uk/cms/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=469&a=2811 r Hofstra University—http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/HCLAS/SIKH/SIKH courses.cfm r Institute of Sikh Studies—http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/institutes/insofsikhstudies. html

r Kwantlen University College—http://www.kwantlen.bc.ca/marketing/pr/2003/080503.html r Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies at University of California, Santa Barbara— http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/

r University College of Fraser Valley—http://www.ucfv.bc.ca/icrc/ r University of Michigan, Center for South Asian Studies, Sikhism Courses— http://www.umich.edu/∼iinet/csas/academic/course descript.html#SA 303

r University of Toronto Sikh Studies Program—http://www.sikhspectrum.com/092002/ toronto.htm

r University of Birmingham—http://www.theology.bham.ac.uk/postgrad/Sikh/ r World Sikh University—http://www.sikh-uni.ac.uk/index.htm 1.2.2.4. Sikh Diaspora

r Sikhs in Australia—http://www.sikh.com.au/inaus/index.html—It is a good site for historical account of Sikh arrival in Australia and information about famous Sikhs. Also mention Sikh Gurus and their teachings, and has links to Gurdwara sites, Sikh art and other topics.

r Sikhs in Canada: Becoming Canadian Sikhs—http://collections.ic.gc.ca/sikh/—It is a good source for one hundred years of history of Sikhs in Canada. Canadian Sikh Council—http://www.sikhcouncil.ca/eng/index.htm—Established to give expression to issues and concerns affecting Sikh Canadians, the CSC is committed to building and advancing Canada’s multicultural society. It provides a national forum and democratic voice for Sikh Canadians and supports the Sikh community’s contribution to the cultural, economic, and social well-being and betterment of Canada. Vancouver Sikhs—http://www.vanss.com/—Vancouver Sikh Spirit is a non-proﬁt organization whose aim is to promote awareness of the Sikh religion and cultural heritage in the community. It consists of a group of families whose children aged 8–15 residing in Vancouver, Canada, and have worked together to prepare an audio CD, cassette and video tape using both English and Punjabi as a medium. Sikhs in Ottawa—http://www.ottawasikhsociety.ca/main.html Centennial Foundation—http://www.centennialfoundation.org/

PRINTED AND ELECTRONIC REFERENCE RESOURCES

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Gurdwara Kalgidhar at Abbotsford, BC—http://www.kalgidhardarbar.com/ Gurdwara Tapoban Sahib, Brampton—http://www.tapoban.org/,

r Sikhs in Holland—http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Set/7085/frame1.html—It is good site for information on Sikhs in Holland, and has links to Gurdwaras and community events.

r Sikhs in Indonesia—http://www.sikhindonesia.com/ r Sikhs in Malaysia—http://www.niketan.com.my/ Gurdwara Sahib Melaka—http://www. Gurdwarasahibmelaka.com/

r Sikhs in New Zealand—http://www.sikhs.wellington.net.nz/—The New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington) Inc. was incorporated in June 1991. The main objectives of the society are to preach the teachings of Sikhism, to provide religious services and ceremonies, to foster a better understanding among the people of New Zealand about Sikh religion, to promote harmony among the followers of various religious creeds in New Zealand, and to promote Punjabi language.

r Sikhs in Singapore—http://www.singaporesikhs.com/, Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Singapore)—http://www.singhsabha.org/, Gurdwara Sahib Silat Road—http://www.silatroadtemple.org/, Sikh Centre—http://www.sikh-centre.com/ Sri Guru Nanak Sat Sang Sabha (Gurdwara Katong)—http://www.Gurdwarakatong.org/

r Sikhs in Thailand—http://www.thaisikh.org/, Thailand Sikhs—http://www.thaisikh.com/

r Sikhs in United Kingdom—http://www.sikhs.org.uk/, Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Hounslow—http://www.sgss.org/,

r Sikhs in United States—http://www.sikhcenter.org/, Gurdwara Singh Sabha of Washington—http://www.seattlegurdwara.com/ Gurdwara Central Jersey Sikh Association— http://www.gurudwara-cjsa.org/ Guru Nanak Sikh Temple—http://www.migurdwara.org/, Gurdwara Singh Sabha of North Texas—http://www.gurdwarasinghsabhaofnorthtexas.org/, Sikh Religious Society of Arizona—http://www.arizonasikhgurdwara.com/—is a non-proﬁt organization which is working actively for the Sikh community in the state of Arizona. The Society is involved in many local projects for the beneﬁt of the Sikh community.

2. Sikh Gurus Ahuja, Roshan Lal and Gurdial Singh Phul. Our masters: Life sketch of ten Gurus. Allahabad: Vishwa Vidhyalaya Press, 1956. 74p. Amarjit Singh. Essential human unity, dignity and value as propounded by the Sikh Gurus: A spiritual perspective. Sikh Courier, 26(62), Aut–Win 1986, 28–30. Amrit Kaur. Critical study of the educational philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1980. Anand, T.K. The essence of Sikhism: The lives and teachings of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Madhuban Educational Books, 1996. 8 Vols. Ardaman Singh. One Guru one movement. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, n.d. Arora, R.K. and Ian MacLeod-Brudenell. Guru Nanak and the Sikh Gurus. Hove: Wayland, 1987. 64p. Arshi, Sahib Singh. The way of life as propounded by Gurus. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 9–11. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. 6 Vols. Baldev Singh. Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 21(35), 15 May 1972, 5. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Aurangzeb and the Sikh Gurus. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honor of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 119–42. Also in Sikh Review, 37(12), Dec 1989, 9–27. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh. Allahabad: Rajesh Publishers, 1973. 244p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. The Sikh Gurus and Sikh religion. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1983. 370p. Bawa, Chajju Singh. Ten Gurus and their teachings. Lahore: Punjabi Printing Works, 1903. 432 p. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi, Eds. The Sikh Gurus and Sikhism. Vol. 1 of the Encyclopaedic history of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. 387p. Bhatia, H.S. and S.R. Bakshi. The Sikh Gurus and their hymns. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2000. 577p. Bhattacharya, Vivek Ranjan. Secular thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Gian Publishing House, 1988. 153p. Bhavnani, Mulchand Varumal. Life sketch of ten Gurus. N.p.: Creations, 1998. 118p. Chandi, Amarjit Singh. The Gurus never excommunicated any person, but they did throw out anti-Gurmat tenets. Spokesman Weekly, Sept 2003, 21–22. Cole, W. Owen. Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 31(356), Aug 1983, 15–22. Cole, W. Owen. The Guru in Sikhism. M.Phil. Thesis. University of Leeds, 1975. 164p. Cole, W. Owen. The Guru in Sikhism. London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1982. 115p.

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Cole, W. Owen. Guru in Sikhism: Some further considerations. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 18–26. Cole, W. Owen. Sikh concept of Guru. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 2(1), Jan–Jun 2000. Cole, W. Owen and Piara Singh Sambhi. Sikh religious thought: The place of the ten Gurus in the Sikh religion. In Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Glimpses of Sikh religion. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1988, pp. 24–95. Dalip Singh. Eight divine Guru Jots: Guru Angad to Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. 2004. 430p. Dalip Singh. Political conditions during the times of Guru Nanak, Guru Angad and Guru Amardas. Spokesman Weekly, 23(25), 9 Nov 1974, 3–4. Daljeet Singh. Five gifts of the Gurus. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jan 1995, 14–26. Darshan Singh. Indian bhakti traditions and Sikh Gurus. Chandigarh: Punjab Publishers, 1968. 233p. Dass, J.R. Economic thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1988. 192p. Dhillon, G.S. Sikh Gurus: Harbingers of social equality. Sikh Courier, 40(90), Aut–Win 2000, 23–25. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Social and political philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Gobind Singh. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing, 1976. 120p. Deol, J.S. Non-canonical compositions attributed to the seventh and ninth Sikh Gurus. Jnl American Oriental Soc, 121(2), 2001, 193–203. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Sikh Gurus and Mughal state: A study into political attitude. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 455p. Dhillon, Harish. Lives and teachings of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1998. 308p. Dhillon, J.K. Some thoughts on the evolution of Guruship. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(1), Feb 1987, 1–7. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Sikh Gurus: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1993. 251p. Engle, Jon. Servants of God: Lives of the ten Sikh Gurus. Franklin, N.H.: Sant Bani Ashram, 1980. 192p. Fauja Singh. Economic ideas of the Sikh Gurus in relation to world view. Sikh Review, 31(358), Oct 1983, 10–18. Fauja Singh. Social and economic ideas of the Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 14(14), 1966, 54–62. Ganda Singh. Lives of Sikh Gurus and basic principles of Sikhism. Ipoh (Malaysia): Khalsa Diwan Malaya, 1962. 57p. Ganda Singh. Sikh Gurus at Gaya. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 13–16. Ganda Singh. Important dates relating to Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 213–16.

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Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of Gurus in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(44), 29 Jun 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. History of the Sikh Gurus: A comprehensive study. Delhi: Gur Das Kapur, 1978. 642. Gill, Mohinder Kaur. The Guru consorts. New Delhi: Radha Publications, 1992. 200p. Gill, Pritam Singh. Concept of ‘Guru’ in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(12), 7 Dec 1987, 3. Gujrati, Balwant Singh. Introducing the ten masters. Delhi: Sterling Publisher, 1970. 72p. Gupta, Hari Ram. Bhai Buddha. A contemporary of ﬁrst seven Sikh Gurus and ﬁrst high priest of the Harimandir Sahib. Sikh Courier, 12(14), Sum 1985, 24–25. Gupta, Hari Ram. History of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Uttam Chand Kapur, 1973. 320p. Gupta, Hari Ram. Impact of Sikh Guru’s teachings on Indian society. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Jun 1979, 29–32. Gurdeep Kaur. Political ideas of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1990. 84p. Gurdev Singh. Ideology of Sikh Gurus. Chandigarh: Hansrao Publishers, 1990. 154p. Gurdev Singh. Punjab politics: Socio-politico orientations of the Sikh Gurus. Delhi: B. R. Publishing, 1986. 122p. Gurdev Singh. Social and political thoughts of Sikh Gurus. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1983. 209p. Gurdev Singh. Social reform by Sikh Gurus. Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts, 18(2), Oct 1987, 173–84. Gur Partap Singh. Chronological table of Sikh Gurus. London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1978. Harbans Lal (Bhai). The concept of Guru in Sikh theology. The Sikh Sansar, 6(1), 1977, 6–7. Harkirat Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 12–14. Also in Young Sikh Review, Jul 1981, 17–19. Harkirat Singh. Role of the Sikh Gurus in shaping Indian history. Sikh Review, 31(335), Nov 1981, 45–72. Hazara Singh. Centenaries of Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 15–19. Jagdish Singh. The founders of Sikh religion. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1996. 51p. Jain, Nirmal Kumar. Contribution of the Sikh Gurus to Indian spiritualism. Sikh Review, 27(307), Jul 1979, pp. 5–21. Jaybalan, A. The concept of Guru in Sikh tradition. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Apr–Jun 2000, 43–50. Jodh Singh. Gurmat Nirnay: (Teachings of the (Sikh) Gurus). Lahore: Uttam Chand Kapur, 1936. 280p. Johar, S.S. Sikh Gurus created classless and casteless society. Spokesman Weekly, 32(14), 6 Dec 1982, 4.

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Kanwarjit Singh. Political philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1989. 147p. Kartar Singh. Sikh Gurus and untouchability. Amritsar: JS & JS, 1936. 40p. Khalsa, Guru Fateh Singh. The Guru, the Sikh and divine being. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 12–14. Kharak Singh and Gurtej Singh. Episodes from lives of the Gurus: Parchian Sewadas. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1995. 162p. Khazan Singh. Miracles of the Sikh Gurus. Sialkot: The author, 1932. Khosla, D.N. Sikh Gurus on education. Delhi: Adi–Jugadi, 1988. 118p. Kirpal Singh. Perspectives on Sikh Gurus. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2000. 320p. Llewellyn, Frank Bowman. How peaceful villagers became warriors: A study of the life and teachings of the Sikh Gurus of the Punjab, India. Pittsburgh: Western Theological Seminary, 1925. Madanjit Kaur. A study of the Hukumnamas as source material for the history of the Sikh Gurus. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 110–16. Madanjit Kaur. Study of the Panda Vahis as source material for the history of the Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present, 15(2), Oct 1981, 322–26. Makin, G.S. The role and importance of Guru. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 21–23. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(37), 13 Jun 1988, 4. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Development of Sikh institutions under the Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), 1992, 31–41. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Raj Yoga of the Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review, 25(287), Nov 1977, 25–33. Mathrani, M. Sikh Gurus were reformer and champions of Hinduism. Organiser, 39(4), 2 Jun 1987, 11. McMullen, Clarence O. The concept of Guru in Indian religions. Delhi: I.S.P.C.K., 1982. 157p. Michaud, Heather Lenore. Walking in the footsteps of the Guru: Sikhs and seekers in the Indian Himalayas. M.A. Thesis. University of Calgary (Canada), 1998. 158p. Mohan Singh. A witness to truth and glory of the Gurus and Gurmat. Sikh Review, 23(254–255), Feb–Mar 1975, 72–74. Mohan Singh. Gurus of humanity and not of Sikhs alone. Sikh Review, 31(335), Nov 1981, 31–33. Muhammad Ali (Maulvi). The founders of Sikhism. Lahore: Anjuman-i-Paigham-I-Sulh, 1913. 20p. Narenderpal Singh. Gleanings from the masters. Calcutta: Sikh Cultural Centre, 1965. 98p. The nature of Guruship. Delhi: I.S.P.C.K., 1976. 217p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Fundamental concerns of Sikh Gurus. Panjab Past and Present. 20(39), Apr 1986, 43–48. Also in Sikh Review, 38(9), Sep 1990, 5–9.

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Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. The Sikhs in ferment: Battles of the Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1992. 127p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh and Daljit Kaur. Knowing the lesser known disciples of Sikh Gurus. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, 1995, 54–57. Nihal Singh. The enlighters. Hissar: Sahit Prakashan, 1966. 86p. Oberoi, Mridula. The Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1999. 122p. Pall, S.J.S. The masters & the word divine: Questions-answers. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1999. 244p. Panjikaran, Jiji. The political thoughts of the Sikh Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 121–26. Parekh, Virendra. Betrayal of the Sikh Gurus. Observer of Business and Politics, 9, May 1999. Parkash Singh. The Sikh Gurus and the temple of bread. Amritsar: SGPC, 1964. 120p. Puran Singh. The book of the ten masters. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 166p. Rai, Gulshan. Sikh Gurus. Noida: Diamond Comics, 1999. 169p. Raina, Amrit Kaur. The educational philosophy of the Sikh Gurus. Patiala: Language Department, 1987. 233p. Raj, Hormise Nirmal. Evolution of the Sikh faith: The historical formation and development of Sikhism under the Gurus. New Delhi: Unity Book Service, 1987. 260p. Ralhan, O.P. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 6 Vols. Ranbir Singh. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Sikh Review, 23(254–255), Feb–Mar 1975, 65–68. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(27), 28 Feb 1983, 4–5. Ranbir Singh. Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965. 408p. Ray, Niharranjan. Gurus of the Sikhs: One vision one mission. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 14–19; and Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Ray, Niharranjan. The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh society: A study in social analysis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 204p. Ray, Niharranjan. The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh society. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1975. 142p. Santokh Singh. Basic unity of teachings of Sikh Gurus. Sikh Review. 22(246), Jun 1974, 41–42. Shackle, C. The non-sanskritic vocabulary of the later Sikh Gurus. British Sch Orient Afr St, 47, 1984, 76–107. Sharma, S.C. Sikh Gurus and the Jammu and Kashmir state. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(1), 2003, 67–80. Sher Singh ‘Sher’. Guru Nanak and his nine successors. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 328–36. Sher Singh ‘Sher’. Sikh Gurus: Their religions and followers. New Delhi: Literary SubCommittee, 1973. 47p.

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Sikh religion (on Gurus). Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. 291p. Singh, K. Sikh Gurus: Brief life story of the ten Sikh Gurus. Bangkok: Sri Guru Singh Sabha, 1969. 208p. Swaranjit Singh. Philosophy of Sikh Gurus and their contribution to education. Ph.D. Thesis. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh University, 1991. Taran Singh., Ed. Sikh Gurus and the Indian spiritual thought. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 240p. Teja Singh. Religion of the Sikh Gurus. Amritsar: SGPC, 1957. 30p. The ten Gurus of Sikhs. In Joginder Singh Sahi. An Encyclopaedia of Sikhism and Sikhs abroad. Faridabad: Common World, 1999, pp. 9–13. Thomas, Terry. Gurus in Sikhism. In Peter Connolly, Ed. Perspectives on Indian Religion: Papers in honor of Karel Werner. Delhi: Satguru Publications, 1986, pp. 239–53. Thomas, Terry. Sikhism: The voice of the Guru. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1978. 95p. Tuteja, K.L. The Sikh Gurus and Haryana. Journal of Haryana Studies (Kurukshetra), 7(1–2), 1975, 13–17. Varma, M. Guru Nanak and Gobind Singh: Sikh Gurus as Hindi poets. Organiser, 18(45), 21 Jan 1985, 5. Verma, D.K. Concept of Guru in Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 25–29. Vidyarthi, Rajinder Singh. The concept of Guru: As spiritual & temporal guide. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 14–16. Virk, H.S. Puran Singh’s views on Sikh Gurus, Sikh and the Khalsa ideal. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 116–25. Wazir Singh. Humanism of the Gurus. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(1), Apr 1987, 16–23. William, Rosetta. Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Har Anand, 2003. 112p.

2.1. Guru Nanak Dev Advani, K.V. Guru Nanak and his transﬁguring inﬂuence. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 40–41. Advani, K.V. Guru Nanak and pansacramentalism. Sikh Review, 25(284), Aug 1977, 32–33. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Fundamentals concerns of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1985, 33–37. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Nanak: The prophet of mankind. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11– 12), Guru Nanak Number 1978. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Nanak’s version of Balor’s invasion of Punjab. Sikh Review, 22(251), Nov 1974, 52–55. Ahluwalia, Shashi. Guru Nanak. In her Spiritual Masters from India. Delhi: Manas Publications, 1987, pp. 155–83.

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Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of peace. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 47–48. Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: The prophet of peace. Spokesman Weekly. 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 59–62. Ajit Singh and Rajinder Singh, Eds. Studies in Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1986. 2 Vols. Amrik Singh. Sat Guru Nanak Dev: The apostle of peace, unity, truth and inﬁnite. Ludhiana: The author, 1950. 30p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and formalism in religion. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 159–69. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak: His life was his message. New Delhi. Guru Nanak Foundation, 1983. 225p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s all embracing love. Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 27–28. Anurag Singh. Was Guru Nanak a reformer or a revolutionary prophet? Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 47–50. Arora, A.C. Guru Nanak: The prophet of light. Spokesman Weekly, 18(16), 2 Dec 1968, 5. Arora, Sharan. Guru Nanak Dev ji and the Rababi tradition. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 161–76. Askari, S.H. Baba Nanak in Persian sources. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 112–17. Attar Singh. Guru Nanak as creative artist. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 43–44. Bahri, S.R. Guru Nanak: The prophet of equality and emancipation. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 170–82. Bain, S.S. Babar calling on Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 37(407), Nov 1987, 39–41. Bakshi, Dilip Singh. Guru Nanak’s luminous mind. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 31. Also in Lok Rajya, 25(14), 4 Nov 1969, 21–22. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mitra. Guru Nanak Dev. Vol. 8 of Saints of India. New Delhi: Clarion Press, 2002. Bal, S.S. Guru Nanak establishing the Panth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1985, 23–31. Bal, S.S. Guru Nanak in the eyes of non-Sikhs. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 168p. Bal, S.S. Historical background for understanding Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 6–14. Balbir Singh. Guru Nanak lectures 1970–71: Some aspects of Guru Nanak’s mission. Madras: Madras University, 1971. 320p. Baldev Singh. Guru Nanak and the universe. Spokesman Weekly, 21(32), 24 Apr 1972, 3–4. Banerjee, Himadri. Guru Nanak in Bengali literature. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 52–65.

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Dharam Paul. Guru Nanak: The savior, the preacher. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 43–44 and 46. Dharam Paul. Two glimpses of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 46. Dharamavira. Guru Nanak: The national saviour. Organizer, 23(24), 24 Jun 1970, 9. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and the institutionalization of Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 35–42. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak and the Lodhis. Journal of Sikh Studies, 28(1), Feb 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s assessment of Muslim rule in India. Journal of Sikh Studies, 16(1–2), Feb–Aug 1989, 41–50. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s response to war and violence. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 154–66. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Political attitude of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 43–59. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Socio-political implications of Guru Nanak’s message. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), 2000, 19–30. Dhillon, Sulakhan Singh. Guru Nanak’s mind and historical research. Sikh Review, 49(11), Nov 2001, 9–18; 50(3), Mar 2002, 11–18; and 51(6), June 2003, 13–22. Dhyan Singh. Did Guru Nanak have a human Guru? Sikh Review, 22(247), Jul 1974, 10–12. Dhyan Singh. Scientists say what Guru Nanak said ﬁve centuries ago. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 59. Dosanj, S.J. Punjab of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 22(250), Oct 1974, 4–6. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Social and political concepts of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 43–46 and 55–57. Also in Sikh Review, 22 (254–55), Feb– May 1975, 44–60. Duggal, K.S. Select Sikh scriptures, No. 1: Guru Nanak. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1997. Fauja Singh. Distinctive creed of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(18), 29 Dec 1969, 4 and 10. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and social commitment. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 23–24. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and the Sikh religion. Spokesman Weekly, 18(45), Jul 1969, 5–6. Fauja Singh. Guru Nanak and the social problem. In Harbans Singh, Ed.: Perspectives of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 141–50. Fauja Singh and A.C. Arora, Eds. Papers on Guru Nanak: Proceedings of Punjab history Conference, 4th Session, 1969. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 224 p. Field, Dorothy. Baba Nanak: The ﬁrst Sikh Guru. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 207– 210. Forster, George. Nanak, the founder of Sikh nation. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 207–210.

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Gajindar Singh. Guru Nanak’s war on superstition. Sikh Review, 51(7), Jul 2003, 30–34. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak and the Nanak Panthis. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 45–53. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak: A bibliography. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 425–44. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on history. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 5–15. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 413–23. Ganda Singh. Indian society as Guru Nanak found it. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 5–9. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Nanak and the bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 29(46), 14 Jul, 1980, 5; and 31(26), 8 Mar 1982, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Place of Guru Nanak in history. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 33–35. Gargi, Balwant. Guru Nanak as the artists see him. Illustrated Weekly of India, 90(47), 23 Nov 1969, 21–23. Gill, Harjit Singh. Baba Nanak. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 2003. 188p. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Guru Nanak’ s theory of the intellectuals. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(2), Aug 1997, 25–30. Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and his relevance to modern society. Spokesman Weekly, 30(6), 6 Oct 1980, 5–6. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak’s relevance to our time. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 1–14. Gough, Charles and Arthur D. Innes. Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(12), 1969, 188–89. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak and patriarchy. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1993. 47p. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak in history. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1969. 348p. Grewal, J.S. and S.S. Bal. Guru Nanak: A homage. New Delhi: 1973. Grewal, P.S. Nanak’s doctrine and the federalization of the Sikh Gurudom. Social Scientist, 11(5), 1983, 16. Gulati, Kailash Chandra. Guru Nanak: Herald of new renaissance. Organizer, 23(15), 22 Nov 1969, 8. Guleria, J.S. Guru Nanak: The continuing reality. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 23–24. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(4), Mar 1984, 11–14. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Nanak: The harbinger of peace and harmony. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 34. Gurbux Singh. Persian writings of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 104–112. Gurbux Singh. The role of Guru Nanak in history. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 195–206.

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Gurmit Singh. Guru Nanak: A true socialist. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jan 1969, 5–8. Gurmit Singh. Shifting the myth from history of Guru Nanak’s relationship with the Lodhis and the Mughals. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1983. Gurmit Singh. Guru Nanak’s relationship with the Lodhis and the Mughals. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1987. 210p. Gurmukh Nihal Singh. Guru Nanak: An apostle of peace. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 23–24. Gurmukh Singh. When Guru Nanak confronted terrorism. Sikh Review, 50(8), Aug 2002, 27–30. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak and medieval bhakatas. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 2–4. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The mirror of medieval India. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 295–98. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The great redeemer. Sikh Review 20(238), Nov 1972, 2–5. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: A man of supreme wisdom and common sense. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 13–16. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of peace and harmony. Nairobi: E.A. Ramgarhia Board, 1939. 7p. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak’s contemporaries. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 22–25. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: His status and salience. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 5–13. Gurtej Singh. Political ideas of Guru Nanak: The originator of the Sikh faith. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 61–70. Guru Nanak. Founder of Sikhism and Holy Golden Temple history and splendour. St. Catherines, Ontario: Punjabi Sahit Sabha, 1977. 16p. Hafeez Malik. An appreciation of Guru Nanak in Iqbal’s poetry. Studies in Islam, 5(2–3), Apr– Jul, 1968, 146–60. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak and origins of the Sikh faith. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1969. 247p. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak as historical memory and continuing reality in Sikh tradition. Journal of Religious Studies, 3(2), Aut 1971, 1–21. Also in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 47–70. Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 549p. Harbhajan Singh. A unique event in the history of mankind: Guru Nanak: A prophet of love. Panchbati Sandesh, 8(4), Apr 1986, 5–8. Harkishan Singh. Guru Nanak’s approach to education.Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 5–35. Harnam Dass. Guru Nanak: Prophet of universal love. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 31 and 61. Harnam Dass. The religious, the sacred and the holy Guru Nanak and secularism. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 30–44.

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Harned, David, B. Guru Nanak and secularisation. Spokesman Weekly, Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 27–32. Harpreet Kaur. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikh commonwealth. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11– 12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 17–18. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on Indian social and economic life. Sikh Review, 20(255), Apr 1972, 5–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 28(7), 9 Oct 1978, 5. Hein, Norvin. Guru Nanak’s comment on the Vaishnava Lila. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspective on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 493–501. Hukam Singh. Religion in the age of science and Guru Nanak’s message. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 19–20. Ibbetson, Denzil and Edward D. Maclagan. Life of Nanak and the Sikh order. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 211–13. Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997. 175p. Ishar Singh. Crisis of our world and the remedy prescribed by Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 15–17. Ishar Singh. Guru Nanak and religion. Spokesman Weekly, 26(23), 14 Sep 1977, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 25(282), Jun 1977, 37–42. Ishar Singh. Guru Nanak: Apostle of peace and unity. Spokesman Weekly, 36(11), Guru Nanak Number 1986, 7–9. Iyengar, K.R. Srinivasa. Guru Nanak: A homage. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy, 1973. 304p. James, William Milbourne. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 169–70. Jassal, Bhag. Guru Nanak: The great humanist. Sikh Review, 18(193), Aug 1969, 32–36. Jhangiani, S.M. National integration and Guru Nanak. Amity and Solidarity, 1, Jun 1986, 19–20. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Guru Nanak lectures. Madras: Madras University, 1969. 64p. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak and the scientiﬁc age. Young Sikh Review, Nov 1981, 13–17. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on history. Sikh Review, 50(11), Nov 2002, 17–19. Jogindra Singh and Daljit Singh. Great humanist Guru Nanak. Patiala: Language Department, 1970. 160p. Joshi, E.M. Siddha tradition before Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honour of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 45–72. Juneja, Amrit. Conception and aims of education according to Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 43–45. Kalra, Mohan Singh. Guru Nanak and bhakti movement. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 5–8. Kamlaakali (Pseudonym), Lal Singh. Guru Nanak and his Sikhs. Amritsar: J.S. & J.S., n.d. Kanwaljit Singh. Guru Nanak and salvation for all. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Kapur, K.L. Guru Nanak: A modern prophet. Sikh Review, 22(247), Jul 1974, 5–6.

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Kapur, Prithipal Singh. The uniqueness of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(1), 2001, 21–24. Kapur, Prithipal Singh and Sewa Ram Singh, Eds. The divine master: Life and teachings of Guru Nanak. Jalandhar: ABS Publications, 1988. 222p. Kapur Singh. Contribution of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 25p. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak and the civil servant. Sikh Review, 29(219), Feb 1972, 4–11. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak: The founder of a world religion. Sikh Review, 23(245–246), Feb– Mar 1975, 5–10; and 29(328), Apr 1981, 5–11. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 9–16. Kazmi, Z. Hassan. Guru Nanak: Apostle of harmony and happiness. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 70–71. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Nanak: Advocate of communal concord. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13– 14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 25. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Nanak and world peace. Spokesman Weekly, 9(12–13), 1972, 25. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Guru Nanak on economic problems. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 21–24. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 30(10), 3 Nov 1980, 5 & 8. Kharak Singh. Guru Nanak in history of religious thought. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 72–90. Khushwant, Singh. Religion of the Sikh: Spiritual inheritance and the life of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 17(184), Nov 1968, 12–20. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak: A document bibliography. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980. 5 Vols. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak and bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 19–20 and 38. Kuldip Singh. Guru Nanak and his mission. Ludhiana: Sant Isher Singh Rarewala Educational Trust, 2003. 186p. Lakhana, M.P. Guru Nanak: A unique experiment. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 34–42. Lalvani, Kartar Singh. Nanak: The Indian mystic. Sikh Courier, 10(1), Win 1979–Spr 1980. 17–23. Lamba, Jagjit Kaur. Guru Nanak: Messenger of goodwill. Sikh Review, 23(263), Nov 1975, 44–45. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak and Indian religious traditions. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 26– 46. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 8(1), Apr 1989, 24–33. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak’s medium of communication: An experiment in the development of Punjabi language. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 133–53. Madanjit Kaur. Social vision of Guru Nanak: Prelude to new social order. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 86–112.

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Majumdar, R.C. Guru Nanak’s impact on Indian history. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 169–74. Malcolm, John. Nanak Shah: Founder of Sikh religion. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 105–113. Malhotra, Avtar Singh. Guru Nanak: A humanist. Contemporary Indian Literature, 10(1), Jan–Mar 1970, 8–9, 25. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and modern society. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 21–22; and 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 25–26. Also in Sikh Review, 17(104), Nov 1968, 6–10. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak: The apostle of love. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1977. 20p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and Indian society. Sikh Review, 24(243), Feb–Mar 1974, 70–76. Massey, James. Guru Nanak and composite Indian culture. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(1), 1995, 110–16. McLeod, W.H. Guru Nanak and the Sikh religion. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998. 259p. McGregor, W.L. History of Gooroo Nanak. Panjab Past and Present. 3(1–2), 1969, 122–32. Mehta, Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak: A prophet of love, unity and peace. Sikh Review, 34(395), Nov 1986, 5–8. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 8(4), Apr 1986, 9–12. Morgan, Kenneth W. World situation during Guru Nanak’s times. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct– Nov 1969, 6–8. Mujeeb, M. Originality of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 15–20. Murray, W.M., et al. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 133–41. Muhammad Iqbal. Founder of Sikhism: Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 255–57. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak re-interpreted. Amritsar: The author, 1965. 428p. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak and his images. Amritsar: The author, 1969. 2 Vols. Narang, Gokal Chand. Spiritual emancipation by Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 3(1–2), 1969, 177–206. Narayanan, K.R. Guru Nanak and his Sikhs are pride of India. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), 1993, 9–12. Navkiran Pal Kaur. Guru Nanak: The great sociologist. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr–Jun 1999, 83–87. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak’s healing touch. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 27. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Thus spoke Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 26(61), Spr–Sum 1986, 2–4. Nesbitt, R.B. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Ph.D. Thesis. Columbia University, 1927. Nirvikar Singh. Guru Nanak and the ‘Sants’: A reappraisal. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 8(1), Jan–Jun 2001, 1–34.

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Panesar, Rajinder Singh. Guru Nanak and Sikhism. North ManKato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2003. 48p. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak: Builder of humanity. Sikh Review, 16(173), Dec 1967, 30–32. Pooran Singh. Guru Nanak’s Rabab. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 30–34. Preetam Singh. Guru Nanak’s impact on politics: Inter-relationship of religion and politics. Sikh Messenger, Aut 1985, 14–21. Pritam Kaur. Guru Nanak and the institution of beggary. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 45–46. Pritam Singh. India’s debt to Guru Nanak. Journal of Religious Studies, 11(1–2), Spr–Aut 1983, 1–4. Also in Panchbati Sandesh, 7–4 Apr 1985, 5–8; and Sikh Review, 35(404), Aug 1987, 5–7. Puri, Sunita. Socio-political content of Guru Nanak’s thought. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Raghavachar, S.S. The perspective of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 489–92. Radhakrishnan, S. Guru Nanak Dev: An introduction. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 1–3. Raghavan, A. Srinivasa., Ed. Seminar on Guru Nanak: Papers presented at the seminar on 6 Feb 1970. Madurai: Madurai University, 1974. 85p. Raghubir Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s approach and attitude to the socio-religious problems of the period. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), Aug 1996, 17–25. Rahman, Mojibur. Guru Nanak: A rare ﬂower of humanity. Sikh Review, 31(359), Nov 1983, 5–14. Rajinder Singh. War scared world and Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rakesh Roshan and Ravish Chandra. Guru Nanak’s social awareness: Its origin and growth. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35thsession, Mar 2003, 207–209. Ralhan, O.P., Ed. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. Vol. 1: Guru Nanak Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 291p. Rao, K.L. Sheshagiri. Guru Nanak and the Vedantic tradition. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rao, R.N. Guru Nanak and his message. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 18–21. Rezavi, S. Ali Nadeem. A visit to the tomb of Guru Nanak, before 1647 (from Surat Singh, Tazkira Pir Hassu Teli.). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 85–89. Samsher Singh. Religion of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 41–43. Sangat Singh. Guru Nanak in history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(2), 1994, 74–86. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories II: (Guru Nanak Dev Ji). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. 85p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Guru Nanak’s place in the world of religions. Spokesman Weekly, 18(26), 17 Feb 1969, 5 and 10.

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Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Nanak and the world peace. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, n.d. Sarna, Navtej. The book of Nanak. New Delhi: Viking, 2003. 150p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Nanak today: An anthology. Jandiala: Guru Gobind Singh Republic College, 1970. 134p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to Punjabi language and literature. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 236–48. Shackle, C.A. Guru Nanak glossary. New Delhi: Heritage, 1981. 276p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Directives of Guru Nanak Dev. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 167–82. Shan, Harnam Singh. Founder of Sikhism: Guru Nanak Dev. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 16(1), 1997, 5–44. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution towards human peace and prosperity. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 92–112. Shan, Harnam Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak in his own words. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1970. 120p. Shanta Sarabjeet Singh. Nanak: The Guru. New Delhi: Orient Longmans, 1970. 174p. Sidhu, Baljit Kaur. Guru Nanak: The revolutionary. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 15–17. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Sing song unto Guru Nanak. Ludhiana: Sikka Publishing House, 1995. 72p. Singh, D.P. Guru Nanak: A science in his spirituality. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr– Jun 2001, 37–40. Sobti, Harcharan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and the concept of composite culture. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), 1996, 63–72. Soch, H.S. and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 233p. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Nanak: An electric Arahant. Sikh Review, 31(351), Mar 1984, 11–35. Sohal, Harminder Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to Indian music. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1989. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak and his contemporary bhaktas. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 65-79. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1983, 105–37. Suraj Bhan. Guru Nanak: A path ﬁnder for humanity. Sikh Review, 35(407), Nov 1987, 15–17. Surma, M.S. Guru Nanak: The apostle of love.. Amritsar: Jawahar Singh Kirpal Singh, 1971. 82p. 2nd Ed. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak and national integration. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(1), Feb 1984, 5–10. Also in Gurbachan Singh and Manjit Inder Singh, Ed. Professor G. S. Talib: A perspective. Delhi: Professor Talib Memorial Trust, 1987, pp. 120–26. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak commemorative volume. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1991. 260p.

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Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: His personality and vision. Delhi: Gurdas Kapur, 1969. 327p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: A study of his creed. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 26–53. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev’s vision of history. Journal of Religious Studies, 8(1), Spr 1980, 1–17. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(1), Jun 15, 1980, 16–25; and Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 18–32. Tara Chand. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 229–37. Taran Singh. Guru Nanak and the bhakti movement. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 57. Taran Singh. Role of Guru Nanak in the context of Indian cultural scene of his time. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 22–25. Taran Singh. The sermon at Sultanpur. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 482–88. Taran Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak and Indian religious thought. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 243p. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak and his mission. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 153–62. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 30(37), 11 May 1981, 5–6. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak and his religion in his own words. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 271–80. Tejpal Singh. Sri Guru Nanak Dev: The saviour of humanity. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 17(1), 1998, 69–78. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Prophet and founder of Sikhism.Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(2), 1992, 90–103. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Roof of the world. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 86–95. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak’s religion. Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan, 1969. 340p. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: Apostle of the inﬁnite. Spokesman Weekly, 35(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1985, 18. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak’s call to modern India. Amritsar: Coronation Printing Works, n.d. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak practiced what he preached. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 9–10. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: Prophet of peace and harmony. Sikh Review, 22(251), Nov 1974, 5–9. Vir Singh (Bhai), et al. Cherished events of the life of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Founder of the Sikh religion. Gaithersburg, MD: Washington Sikh Center/Sikh Youth Forum, 1989. 119p. Wadia, A.R. Guru Nanak to the Guru Granth. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 521–23. Walia, Jasjit Singh. Portraits of Guru Nanak Dev: What does it take to be a Sikh? Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 19–25. Also in Sikh Courier, 37(83), Sum–Spr 1997, 3–6. Wylam, P.M. Guru Nanak: The parallel reformations. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 447–64.

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2.1.1. Biography Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak: His life and message. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 5–10. Albers, A. Christina. Om Guru Nanak: The life of great Indian saint written in meter. Howrah: Jagriti Printing Works, 1945. 94p. Arora, Raj Kumar. Guru Nanak’s date of birth. Sikh Review, 17(183), Oct 1968, 41–46. Bal, Sarjit Singh. Life of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1970. 285p. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak and the problems of his age. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 465–81. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. Patiala: Punjab University, 1971. 245p. Bedi, P.L. Guru Baba Nanak. New Delhi: New Light Publishers, 1971. 176p. Bhag Singh. Birth of Sikhism and life of Guru Nanak. Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov, 5–14. Crawford, Q. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present; 3(1–2), 1969, 100–01. Creagh, O. Moore. Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 224–28. Cunningham, Joseph Davy. Guru Nanak: The founder of Sikhism. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 149–56. Dalal, Ramchandra Bhagwan Rao. Life and message of Guru Nanak. Modern Review, 127(2), Aug 1970, 125–31. Daljit Singh. Guru Nanak. Ludhiana: Guru Nanak Mission Society, 1971. 257p. Francis, Eric. Guru Nanak. Bombay: Purohit & Sons, 1970. 120p. Ganda Singh, Ed. Source book on Guru Nanak’s life and teachings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 444p. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1968. 134p. 2nd Ed. Greenles, Duncan. Guru Nanak-I. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 281–94. Gregarious, Bishop. Guru Nanak: 1469–1538. A.D. 1969. Gurbachan Singh. Practical life of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 29(9–10), Guru Nanak Number 1979, 29–31. Gupta, Hari Ram. Life sketch of Guru Nanak. In Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981, pp. 26–53. Gupta, Hari Ram. Life sketch of Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Publishing House, 1968. 32p. Gurmukh Nihal Singh, Ed. Guru Nanak: His life, time and teachings. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1981. 305p. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Guru Nanak: Prophet of harmony in faith. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 19–31. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969. 62p. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 15–20.

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Hoon, V.N. Advent of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 5–13. India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Guru Nanak. New Delhi: The author, 1969. 224p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Age of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1978, 23–6. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak: A biography. Jullandur: New Book Co., 1969. 259p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Life story of Guru Nanak . National Book Shop, 2004. 228p. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 24(275), Nov 1976, 5–31. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Date of birth of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 39–40. Khushwant Singh. Birth of Sikhism and life of Guru Nanak. Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov 1969, 5–14. Kinnaid, C.A. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 249–52. Kirpal Singh. Account of Guru Nanak in Mehma Prakash. Spokesman Weekly, 23(10), 22 Oct 1973, 5–8. Leidecker, Kurt F. Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 258–62. Madanjit Kaur and Piar Singh. Guru Nanak’s life and thought. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2001. 200p. 2nd Ed. Mahapaty. Story of Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 88–89. Manmohan Singh. Life of Shri Guru Nanak, Japji and Asa di Var. Dehradun: Jiwan Singh, 1972. 105 + 58p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Life of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1974. 137p. McLeod, W.H. The life of Guru Nanak. In Donald S. Lopez, Ed. Religions of India in practice. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 449–61. McLeod, W.H. Procedures in analyzing the sources for the life of Guru Nanak. Journal of Indian History, Apr 1968, 207–27. Mrigendra Singh. Miraculous Guru Nanak. New York: Robert Spencer & Sons, 1977. Nanak: A sketch of his life and teachings. Madras, G.A. Nateson, n.d. ( Saints of India series). Nanak Prakash. Nairobi, Sikh Students Federation, 1969. 194p. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Historical scrutiny of Guru Nanak Dev’s date of birth. Spokesman Weekly, 27(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 43. Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s childhood. Spokesman Weekly, 28(51), 20 Aug 1979, 6. Raghavachar, S.S. and K.B. Ramakrishna Rao, Eds. Guru Nanak: His life and teachings. Mysore: Mysore University, 1971. 83p. Raman, B.V. Horoscope of Guru Nanak: A study. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 345– 48. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 64p.

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Shamsher Singh and Narendra Singh Virdi. Life of Guru Nanak through pictures. Amritsar: Modern Sahitya Academy, 1969. 92p. Sher Singh. Guru Nanak: The saviour of the world (1469–1538 A.D.). Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, 1935. 49p. Singh, K. Nanak, my master: Gleanings from the life of Guru Nanak Dev. Bangkok: Guru Singh Sabha, 1969. 168p. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak: A brief biography. Ludhiana: Lyall, 1968. 132p. Talib, G.S. Guru Nanak: A study of his creed. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 16–23. Tiwari, V.N. Life of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: NCERT, 1990. 48p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism—A biography. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1969. 510p. Ujagar Singh. The story of Guru Nanak, translated by M.C. Sharma. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970. 38p. Vaidya, G.M. Guru Nanak. Poona: Vidarbha Marathwada, 1965. 318p. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak. Poona: Gita Publishing House, 1970. 54p. 2.1.2. Janamsakhis Dosanj, S.S. and Uttam Singh. A dated Janam Sakhi of Guru Nanak. Roopa-Lekha (New Delhi), 39(1), 1971, 7–12. Gurbachan Kaur. Janam Sakhi of Bhai Bala: Authentic text and critical editing. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1978. Gurpreet Kaur. An attempt to account for the popularity of Bhai Bala Janamsakhi. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Hans, Surjit S. Bala Janamsakhis in relation to Janamsakhi Handal. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 13th session, 1979, 95–102. Hans, Surjit S. The Mehrban Janamsakhi. In J. S. Grewal, Ed. Studies in local and regional history. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1974, pp. 86–108. Hans, Surjit S. The unorthodox Janamsakhis. In his A reconstruction of Sikh history from Sikh art. Jalandhar: ABS Publications, 1988, pp. 198–220. Hans, Surjit S., Ed. B-40 Janamsakhi Guru Baba Nanak paintings. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1987. 57p. Harpreet Kaur. Critical analysis of B-40 Janamsakhi paintings. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1989. Jagjit Singh. Critical and comparative study of the Janamsakhis of Guru Nanak up to the middle of the eighteenth century. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1967. 485p. Jagjit Singh, K. Janam Sakhis as seen by McLeod. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 16–20. Janamsakhi. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 1: 265–66.

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Janam Sakhi or the biography of Guru Nanak. Dehradun: Survey of India, 1985. Kahlon, Gurbachan Kaur. Social and religious conditions as reﬂected in the Janamsakhis of the 17th century. M.Phil. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1979. Khushwant, Singh. Guru Nanak in Janam Sakhi paintings. Times of India Annual, 1971, 51–56. Kirpal Singh. An historical perspective of the Janamsakhis. Sikh Courier, 30(69), Spr–Sum 1990, 16–18. Kirpal Singh. Impact of Colebrook’s Janamsakhi on history of Sikhs. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1996, 55–60. Kirpal Singh. Nanak Parkash and Bhai Bala’s Janamsakhi. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 34th session, Mar 2002, 107–111. Kirpal Singh. A study of manuscript Janamsakhi in the old India Ofﬁce Library. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 87–95. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Janam Sakhis and their value and importance. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 301–316. McLeod, W.H. The B40 Janama-sakhi. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1980. 271p. McLeod, W.H. Early Sikh tradition: A study of the Janam-Sakhis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980. 317p. McLeod, W.H. Janam Sakhi. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 337– 40. McLeod, W.H. The Janam-Sakhis. In his The evolution of the Sikh community: Five essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. McLeod, W.H. The Janam-Sakhis as source of Punjab history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 109–21. Mohan Singh. An illustrated Janamsakhi in Guler style. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 96–105. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of ultimate reality: presentation of the primal paradox in the Puratan Janamsakhi. Sikh Review, 38(6), Jun 1990, 12–20. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. The myth of the founder: The Janamsakhis and Sikh tradition. History of Religions, 31(4), 1992, 329–43. Rai Jasbir Singh. The earlier Janamsakhis: A statistical study. Journal of Regional History, 3, 1995, 11–20. Saber, Jasbir Singh. Gian Ratnavali, Janma Sakhi Sri Guru Nanak Dev jee, editing and textual study. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. Sagar, S.S. Ernest Trumpp on Janamsakhi. Journal of Sikh Studies, 19, 1995, 47–54. Sagar, S.S. A study of Janamsakhi scholarship. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(2), Aug 1987, 47–68. Sohanpaal, Jesie. Preparing to read Sikh Janam—Sakhian: A study in myth, history and hagiography. In Garry W. Tromp and Gildas Hamel, Eds. The world religions. Delhi: ISPCK, 2002, pp. 206–225.

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Surjit Singh. A study of Hew McLeod’s methodology as employed in his work “The evolution of the Sikh community: The Janam Sakhis”. In Jasbir Singh Mann and Harbans Singh Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, CA: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 317–25.

2.1.3. Philosophy Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Nanak and the modern value pattern. Spokesman Weekly, 25(14), 24 Nov 1975, 5. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak: Religion and ethics. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 65p. Anand, Mulk Raj. Guru Nanak’s concept of man. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 51–54. Ansari, A.H. Guru Nanak’s view of God. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 13–19. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(26), 9 Mar 1987, 3–4, 11. Antony, S.V. Socio-cultural vision of Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 38–43. Attar Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of religious humanism. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 16–24. Also in H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 47–59. Aurora, Balbir Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 43(5), May 1995, 8–12. Avtar Singh. Guru Nanak’s contribution to philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 16–21. Bains, Santokh Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 53–4. Bajaj, S.K. Social philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 36(5), 29 Sep 1986, 3–4. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 218–24. Balasubramanyam. Guru Nanak: Practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 41–2. Banerjee, Hiranmay. Guru Nanak’s message of live and love. Sikh Review, 23(263), Nov 1975, 23–4. Bedi, G.S. Guru Nanak’s Sikhism and world peace. Spokesman Weekly, 20(12), Guru Nanak Number 1970, 73. Bhandari, Girish. Guru Nanak’s legacy of enlightenment. Sikh Review, 51(11), Nov 2003, 29–31. Bhandari, Gurdip Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of cosmology. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 57–64. Bhatti, Surjit Singh. Rationalism of Guru Nanak Dev. Sikh Review, 16(174), Mar 1968, 7–8. Buddha Prakash. The concept of Maya in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 71–75. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Essentiality and relevance of Guru Nanak’s ideology. Sikh Review, 50(9), Sept 2002, 15–23.

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Chawla, Surjit Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(1), 2000, 128–49. Chethimattam, John B. The secular religion of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 136–40. Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev’s conception of same society. Jullundur: The author, n.d. 15p. Daljit Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Journal of Religious Studies, 2(1), Aut 1970, 96–101. Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of life. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 54. Das, Sunil Kumar. Guru Nanak’s concept of the ﬁnite self. Sikh Review, 18(201), Aug 1970, 33–34. Datta, C.L. Concept of Guru in Guru Nanak’s philosophy.Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 199–203. Datta, C.L. Concept of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Spokesman Weekly, 20(43), 5 Jul 1971, 5; and 24(19), 3 Feb 1975, 5. Dawe, Donald G. Relevance of Guru Nanak philosophy in modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 147–48. Also in Sikh Review, 18(202), Sep 1970, 20–21. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak and nature mysticism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 1–6. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Haumai. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(2), Aug 1982, 5–8. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s love mysticism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 5–8. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s and the mystic concept of Nam. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 43–48. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak’s view of Godhead. Journal of Sikh Studies, 10(1–2), Aug 1983, 1–4. Dewan Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1973. Dewan Singh. Mysticism of Guru Nanak. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1995. 117p. Dhar, Satish Kumar. Origin of Guru Nanak’s mystical philosophy. Sikh Review, 20(219), Feb 1972, 25–26. Dharam Singh. Guru Nanak’s theory of truth. Spokesman Weekly, 35(28), 10 Mar 1986, 4. Dharamanant Singh. The Vismad yoga of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 9–13. Dhillon, J.K. Guru Nanak’s concept of values. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 49–58. Dhillon, Sulakhan Singh. Possible sources of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 1–8. Gill, Jaswinder Kaur. Guru Nanak’s concept of values. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1978. Gill, Pritam Singh. Doctrine of Guru Nanak. Jullundur: New Book Co., 1969. 182p. Gill, Ratan Singh. Guru Nanak’s idea of growth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 9–14; and 6(2), Aug 1979, 60–65.

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Grewal, Baljit Singh. Pages from philosophy of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 17–18. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak and patriarchy. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 1–19. Guleria, J.S. Guru Nanak and his mysticism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 13–16. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 29(34), 21 Apr 1980, 3–4. Guninder Kaur. Guru Nanak’s vision of universal religion. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 11–21. Gupta, B.S. Guru Nanak’s concept of Yoga. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 13. Gupta, B.S. Guru Nanak’s socio-spiritual vision. Spokesman Weekly, 33(1–3), Annual Number 1983, 15–16. Gupta, O.P. Mystical vision of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1983, 15–25. Gurdip Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of microcosm and macrocosm. Sikh Review, 23(259), Jul 1975, 24–28. Harbans Singh. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 21(15), 6 Dec 1971, 5; 27(2), 29 Aug 1977, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 29(296), Aug 1978, 18–19. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of God. Sachkhand Patra, Nov 1986, 2–4. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(9), Guru Nanak Number 1982, 25. Harbans Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(1), Sep 1981, 21–26. Harnam Dass. Guru Nanak’s conception of man. Sikh Review, 20(222), May 1972, 18–20. Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of divine life. Chandigarh: Juneja Publications, 1969. 150p. Inderpal Singh. Dimensions of the global vision of Guru Nanak. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 1–5. Ishar Singh. Nanakism: A new world order, temporal and spiritual. New Delhi: Ranjit Publishing House, 1976. 288p. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. New Delhi: Atlantic Publications, 1985. 2 Vols. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak: A comparative study. New Delhi: Ranjit Publishing House, 1969. 274p. Ishar Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak and the path followed by Sikhs. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 11–14. Jaswant Singh. Guru Nanak’s mission of the cosmic fear. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Mar 1980, 39–41. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of man and Surat-Shatrad Yoga. Spokesman Weekly, Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 23–25. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, Jun 1979, 26–28; and Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 78–84. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Sabad as Guru. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 37–51. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 1(1), Oct 1982, 63–76.

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Jodh Singh. Religious and philosophical thought of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 1–11. Jodh Singh. The religious philosophy of Guru Nanak. Varanasi: Sikh Philosophical Society, 1983. 284p. Kalsy, Gurubax. Guru Nanak’s concept of Brahm. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1976. Kapur Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of nature. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 45–56. Khak, K.S. Guru Nanak’s concept of Nam. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1976. Khosla, G.S. Guru Nanak’s conception of the origin of the universe. Sikh Review, 24(271), Jul 1976, 37–41. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Ethics of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 27(41), 5 Jun 1978, 5–6. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of the ultimate reality. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 105–09. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 200p. Mahmud-ul-Hasan. Guru Nanak’s concept of man. Islam and the Modern Age, 7(3), Aug 1976, 53–64. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak and open society. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 28–32. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of aesthetics. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 22–25. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Sikh Review, 18(203), Oct 1970, 12–20. Meharban Singh. A study of educational philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev ji and its implications. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1996. 277p. Mehta, Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak’s personal experience of God. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 26–29. Also in Panchbati Sandesh. 3(4), Apr 1981, 42–46. Mohan Singh. Guru Nanak Dev looks at universe. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding 4(2), Sep 1982, 18–19. Mrigendra Singh (Raja). Guru Nanak’s doctrine of Nama. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1982. Munshi, K.M. Guru Nanak: A practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 16. Narang, Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak and his doctrine of love. Spokesman Weekly, 18(14), 18 Nov 1968, 5. Narain Singh. Guru Nanak’s view of life. Amritsar: The author, 1969. 477p. Neki, J.S. Humour and spirituality: Guru Nanak style. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 32–41. Nizami, K.A. Some social and religious ideals of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 151–54.

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Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision of the transcendent and modern Sikh literary sensibility. Ph.D. Thesis. Temple University, 1986. Pritam Kaur. Guru Nanak on sin. Sikh Review, 21(236), Jul 1973, 17–21; 21(237), Aug 1973, 48–51; 21(238); Sep 1973, 52–6; and 21(239), Oct 1973, 45–7. Raghbir Singh. Guru Nanak on divine grace. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 22–27. Raina, Amrit Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev ji. Chandigarh: Lok Geet Prakashan, 2001. 136p. Rangra, V.K. Guru Nanak’s musical path to Ananda. Sikh Review, 51(5), May 2003, 11–12. Rao, K.L. Seshagiri. Guru Nanak and the concept of Nam. Spokesman Weekly, 26(33), 25 Apr 1977, 5; and 30(8), 20 Oct 1980, 4. Rattan, Sukhdev Singh. Guru Nanak: A great philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 17(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1967, 61–2. Ray, Niharranjan. Concept of Sahaj in Guru Nanak’s theology and its anecdotes. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 23–28. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 20–33. Rhode, S.S. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(27), 9 Mar 1970, 5–10. Roy, P.K. Grounds for believing in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(1), Apr 1986, 12–16. Sagar, S.S. Guru Nanak’s social vision. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), Aug 1996, 1–4. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Problem of life: How Guru Nanak solved it. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1919. 46p. Sehgal, Manmohan. Philosophical basis of Guru Nanak’s literature. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1962. Sheshadri, K. Philosophy of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–3), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 25–6. Shashi Bala. Guru Nanak apostle of spiritual transformation. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(1), Aug 1986, 5–10. Shan, Harnam Singh. God as known to Guru Nanak. Delhi: Guru Nanak Vidya Bhandar Trust, 1971. 100p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Nanak’s moral code as reﬂected in his hymns. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1970. 96p. Shan, Harnam Singh. Humanism of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 50(2), Feb 2002, 17–30. Sharma, Harbans Lal. Concept of Jiva of Guru Nanak against the background of different Indian schools of philosophy and religions. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1971. Sher Singh, Tr. Guru Nanak and the malady of man. New Delhi: Sterling, 1968. 77p. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Concept of mind in Guru Nanak’s poetry. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, n.d. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Facets of Guru Nanak’s thought. Ludhiana: Bee Kay Publication, 1972. 156p.

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Sikka, Ajit Singh. Philosophy of mind in the poetry of Guru Nanak. A comparative study with the European philosophy. Ludhiana: Bee Kay Publication, 1973. 200p. Singh, D.P. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of social change. Sikh Review, 48(11), Nov 2000, 39–31. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Nanak and cosmo centric living. Sikh Review, 32(338), Feb 1982, 14–5. Sodhi, T.S. Educational philosophy of Guru Nanak. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, March 1994, 76–86. Sohan Singh. Ethical aspect of Guru Nanak’s thought. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 155–63. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 1–9. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of social order. Spokesman Weekly, 32(31), 4 Apr 1983, 4–5. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 23. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Bhakti in Guru Nanak’s creed. Spokesman Weekly, 37(17), 18 Jan 1988, 3–4. Teja Singh. Guru Nanak’s conception of education. Spokesman Weekly, 27(8). 17 Oct 1977, 5. Trilochan Singh. Ethical philosophy of Guru Nanak. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1973. 72p. Trilochan Singh. True humanism of Guru Nanak. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 43p. Tripathi, R.K. Guru Nanak and his thought. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 1–12. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: A practical philosopher. Spokesman Weekly, 20(30), 29 Mar 1971, 5. Veena Kumari. Epistemology of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 210p. Vohra, Rabinder Singh. Existentialism and Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 20(23), Jun 1972, 32. Walia, Jasjit Singh. Guru Nanak’s pathway to spirituality. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Wazir Singh. Aspects of Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1969. 194p. Wazir Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of Maya. Spokesman Weekly, 36(51), 31, Aug 1987, 3–5. Wazir Singh. Guru Nanak’s theory of truth. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1966. 8p. Wazir Singh. Hidden reality in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Spokesman Weekly, 18(5), 16 Sep 1968, 5, 8. Wazir Singh. Hierarchy of values in Guru Nanak’s philosophy. Guru Nanak Udesh, 13(73), Oct–Nov 1985, 7–8. Wazir Singh. Humanism of Guru Nanak: A philosophic inquiry. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1977. 191p. Wazir Singh. Maya and Qudrat in Guru Nanak Bani. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 42–51. Wazir Singh. Philosophy of humanism in Guru Nanak’s compositions. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1969.

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2.1.4. Poetry Barz, R.K. Pragmatic Bhakti in the poetry of Guru Nanak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 21–30. Chand, Randhir Singh. Concept of yoga in poetry of Guru Nanak in the background of ancient Indian thought. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1971. Cheema, Mool Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 26(26), 7 Mar 1977, 3–4. Dey, Susnigdha. Poetry of Guru Nanak. Indian Horizons, 24(2–3), 1975, 103–08. Dey, Susnigdha. Guru Nanak as a poet. Indian Literature, 15(1), Mar 1972, 21–26. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s concept of poetic hegemony. Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1), Feb 1986, 1–4. Gopal Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 55–56. Also in Lok Rajya, 25(14), 22 Nov 1969, 27–29. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 18(34), 21 Apr 1969, 5; and 26(19), 17 Jan 1977, 3–4. Gurcharan Singh. People’s poet: Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 61–62. Harbans Singh. Poetic vision of Guru Nanak. Panchbati Sandesh, 4(3), Jan 1982, 7–10. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 20(28), 15 Mar 1971, 5. Hazara Singh. Gospel through poetry. Sikh Review, 28(317), Mar 1980, 18–20. Hazara Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1986, 9–12. Jasbir Kaur. The concept of individual and society in Guru Nanak’s poetry. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1973. Kaul, Krishan Kumar. Nanak: The poet of all ages. Thought, 21(47), 22 Nov 1969, 12. Khushwant Singh. Mystic poet and saviour. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 10. Khushwant Singh. Poetry of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 51(2), Feb 2003, 23–26. Kohli, S.M.S. Guru Nanak as a poet of nature. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(2), Sep 1979, 38. Maini, Darshan Singh. The poetry of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 381–91. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. The poetry of Guru Nanak. In Balkar Singh, Ed. Essential postulates of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1988, pp. 3–28. Mystery of Guru Nanak’s language. Sikh Review, 16(166), May 1967, 28–30. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Poetic rhythm and historical account: The portrait of Guru Nanak through Bhai Gurdas. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 5(2), Jul–Dec 1998, 127–58. Prem, O.S. Guru Nanak and his mystic poetry. Sikh Courier, 10(1), Win 1979–Spr 1980, 4–6. Raghbir Singh. The concepts of Karma and transmigration as revealed in the poetry of Guru Nanak in the background of ancient and medieval Indian thought. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1972.

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Sachar, H.S. Poetic art of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1972. Sunder Singh. Concept of grace in the poetry of Guru Nanak. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1987. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Divine bard Guru Nanak viewed as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12– 13), 1969, 87–90. Taran Singh. Guru Nanak as a poet. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1959. 2.1.5. Teachings Ajit Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 31–32. Anand, Balwant Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 63–64 & 66. Azad, Kirpal Singh. The great teacher: Guru Nanak. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 31–32. Bali, Saran Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak in practice. Spokesman Weekly, 19(29), 23 Mar 1970, 6. Balwant Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak in practice. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 49–50. Banerjee, Hiraymay. Guru Nanak’s message of life and love. Sikh Review, 35(398), Feb 1987, 3–4. Bawa, J.S. Alphabet of Guru Nanak’s teaching. Sikh Review, 20(228), Nov 1972, 21–22. Bhag Singh. Relevance of Guru Nanak’s teachings to the modern times. Sikh Review, 34(395), Nov 1986, 9–12. Bose, N.S. Guru Nanak preached unity of God and equality of man. Spokesman Weekly, 19(45), 20 Jan 1970, 5. Brear, A.D. Contribution of Guru Nanak’s teachings and of Sikh culture to a multicultural society. Sikh Bulletin, 13, 1996, 18–23. Chaddar, Mehar Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings and national integration. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 84. Chakravarty, Amiya. Guru Nanak and his message. Saintly relevance and challenge. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 428–46. Creagh, O. Moore. Culmination of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 27(304), Apr 1979, 3–4. Cunningham, J.D. Teachings of Nanak. In Darshan Singh, Ed. Western image of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1999, pp. 75–86. Dalip Singh. Basic teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 51–53. Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. Jullundur: Raj Publications, 1969. 418p. Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s mission and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 43–44.

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Darbara Singh. Guru Nanak’s gospel. Spokesman Weekly, 22(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1972, 43–44. Deol, G.S. Guru Nanak’s mission and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(39), 26 May 1969, 5 & 10. Dewan Singh. Guru Nanak: His image and message. Sikh Review, 20(223), Jun 1972, 18–20. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak: His life and teachings. Singapore: Sikh Missionary Tract Society, 1940. 80p. Ganda Singh. Impact of Guru Nanak’s teachings on the life of his followers. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 32–80. Gopal Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 26(9), Guru Nanak Number 1976, 9. Guleria, J.S. Message of Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 16–19. Also in Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(3), Dec 1979, 21–22; and Spokesman Weekly, 29(15), 10 Dec 1979, 4. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings and modern science. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 33–45. Gurtej Singh. Guru Nanak: His message. Illustrated Weekly of India, 95(39), 24 Nov 1974, 28–29. Harbans Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 30(347), Nov 1982, 16–21. Harbans Singh. Guru Nanak’s vision and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 33(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1983, 11–12. Hira Singh. Guru Nanak’s message to students. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 5–7. Jodh Singh. Guru Nanak as a teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 34. Jodh Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Delhi: National Publishing House, 1969. 26p. Jodh Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(2), Oct 1984, 1–20. Kanwaljit Singh. Universality of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 51(11), Nov 2003, 24–29. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Guru Nanak’s message of unity. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 14–16. Kapur, Hardit Singh. Guru Nanak’s message of oneness. Panchbati Sandesh, 9(3), Jan 1987, 25–27. Kapur, Prithipal Singh. Universal relevance of Guru Nanak’s message. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(3), 1990, 1–15. Karam, J.J. Guru Nanak and his message. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 313–21. Kartar Singh. Guru Nanak Dev: Life and teachings. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1969. 352p. Kaul, Sheila. Guru Nanak’s message: Its relevance to our times. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 3(1), Apr 1984, 1–3. Khushdeva Singh. At the feet of Guru Nanak. Patiala: Guru Nanak Foundation Committee, 1969. 41p.

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Khushwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 19–22 & 44. Also in Sikh Review, 17(183), Oct 1968, 5–14. Lalvani, K.T. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 29(24), 11 Feb 1980, 5. Madanjit Kaur. Guru Nanak in the context of Indian religious traditions and universalism of his teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 13(2), Aug 1986, i–Lix. Madanjit Kaur. Theology of Guru Nanak Dev and universalism of his teachings. In Inderpal Singh and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: A global vision. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1997, pp. 6–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak: World teacher. New Delhi: India Book House, 1968. 96p. Massey, Habil James. Guru Nanak Dev ji’s teachings in the context of inter-faith dialogue. Sikh Review, 51(5), May 2003, 19–23. McLeod, W.H. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Sikh Review, 16(172), Nov 1967, 9–13. Mujeeb, M. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 24(26), 24 Mar 1975, 5. Nirankari, Man Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings: Its relevance today. Spokesman Weekly, 26(9), Guru Nanak Number 1976, 14. Onkar Singh. Spirit and message of Guru Nanak. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(3), Oct–Dec 2002, 3–4. Parman Singh. Guru Nanak’s dialogues with yogis. Sikh Review, 22(243), Feb–Mar 1974, 5–8. Parminder Singh. Relevance of Guru Nanak’s teachings in modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 19(24), Feb 16, 1970, 7 & 10. Prem, Onkar Singh. Guru Nanak: His preaching’s. Sikh Courier, 12(14). Sum 1985, 14–15. Premka Kaur. Message of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 28(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1978, 27–28. Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s art of teaching. Sikh Review, 18(200), Jul 1970, 23–27. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(47), Jul 26, 1976, 1976, 3–4. Puri, J.R. The mystic teachings of Guru Nanak. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 170–90. Puri, Sunita. Socio-political content of the teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 7(1), Apr 1988, 16–24. Rao, V.K.R.V. Guru Nanak: His thoughts and teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 19(16), Dec 15, 1969, 7–8. Saﬁr, Pritam Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings, Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 49–50. Sahib Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. New Delhi: Lok Sahitya Prakashan, 2000. 376p. Sahib Singh and Dalip Singh. Guru Nanak Dev and his teachings. Jullundur: Raj Publishers, 1969. 418p. Shamsher Singh. Universal teachings of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 25(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1975, 57–58.

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Shan, Harnam Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 55–68; and 5(1), Apr 1986, 17–28. Singh, D.P. The scientiﬁc principle in Guru Nanak’s teachings. Sikh Review, 48(7), July 2000, 17–24. Soch, H.S. Essentials of Guru Nanak’s teachings. In H.S. Soch and Madanjit Kaur, Eds. Guru Nanak: Ideals and institutions. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998, pp. 1–25. Sohan Singh. Guru Nanak’s teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(2), Apr 1979, 35–59. Suri, Pushpa. Guru Nanak’s teachings in the social context of his time. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 204–215. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Nanak: Spiritual and moral teacher. Sikh Review, 26(299), Nov 1978, 10–20. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. A study of Guru Nanak’s teaching in relation to the Indian spiritual tradition. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 223–68. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Study of the moral code of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 75p. Taran Singh. Teachings of Guru Nanak Dev. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1977. 136p. Taran Singh. Sermon of Sultanpur. Sikh Review, 21(240), Nov 1973, 22–25. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1985, 15–17. Ujjal Singh. Guru Nanak: World teacher and philosopher. Sikh Review, 17(185), Dec 1968, 53–55. Vaswani, T.L. Gospel of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 26(11) Nov 22, 1976, 3–4; and 29(3– 4), Annual Number, 1979, 23–24. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Nanak: The world teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 30(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1980, 9. Yadav, Kirpal Chander. Excellences of Guru Nanak’s teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 16(14–15), Guru Nanak Number 1966, 82. 2.1.6. Travels Amar Singh. Guru Nanak visit to Orissa. Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1991, 19–22. Amar Singh. Visit of Guru Nanak to Orissa. Panchbati Sandesh, 7(3), Jan 1985, 25–29. Arshi, Nirvair Singh. Guru Nanak in Baghdad. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 59. Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Uchasharif (Bhawalpur State), now in Pakistan. Spokesman Weekly, 18(2), 6 Jan 1969, 2. Chhabra, G.S. Guru Nanak’s travels. Spokesman Weekly, 18(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1968, 61–62. Daljit Singh. The Sun never sets: Guru Nanak in Baghdad. Sikh Review, 50(8), Aug 2002, 59–60. Fauja Singh and Kirpal Singh. Atlas: Travels of Guru Nanak. (English–Punjabi). Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 134p. 26 maps.

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Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak with Chaitanya at Puri. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 58–61. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak at Puri: How it came to be written? Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 28–30. Ganda Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to West Asian countries. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 188–96. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Sri Lanka. Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 34–41. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak Taposthan—Menchukha (Arunachal). Sikh Review, 35(407), Nov 1987, 45–47. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s travel to Himalayan and East Asia region: A new light. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1995. 160p. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. Guru Nanak’s travel to Nepal. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 29–31. Grewal, J.S. Guru Nanak at Sultanpur: A note. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 106–111. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 41–42. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 197–203. Iqbal Singh. How did Guru Nanak Dev ji ‘turn around’ Mecca? Spokesman Weekly, Nov 2003, 33–35. Issar, N.S. Guru Nanak’s visit to Tibet. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 329–33. Kalra, Balwant Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Uchsharif. Sikh Review, 18(188), Mar 1969, 11–12. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak and Ceylon. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Perspectives on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975, pp. 326–27. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak’s journey to Sri Lanka. Sikh Review, 45(11), Nov 1997, 30–31. Karunaratna, Saddhamangla. Guru Nanak visits Ceylon. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 84–85. Kirpal Singh. Did Guru Nanak go to Ceylon? Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 79–83. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak in Ladakh. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 325–26. Kirpal Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Ceylon. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 4th session, 1969, 179–87. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Arabia. Organiser, 23(16), 29 Nov 1969, 11–12. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Nanak in Uttrakhand. Spokesman Weekly, 24(12), Guru Nanak Number 1974, 39. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Legendary journey of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(12–13), 1969, 129–30. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Sea journeys of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 23(12–13), Guru Nanak Number 1973, 43. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Travels of Guru Nanak. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1970. 200p. Kulraj Singh. Baba goes East. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 47–57. Kulraj Singh. Baba goes North-West. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov, 1969, 103–12.

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Kulraj Singh. New light on Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 113–19. Ladha Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Eminabad. Spokesman Weekly, 19(8), 13 Oct 1969, 6. Manjeet Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 120–27. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Eastern India. Spokesman Weekly, 19(16), 15 Dec 1969, 6. Meerjani, K. Guru Nanak at Bhadrak. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 62–64. Mohan Singh. Baba goes South. Sikh Review, 18(195), Oct–Nov 1969, 68–78. Mohan Singh. Delving deep into Guru Nanak travels. Spokesman Weekly, 15(11–12), Guru Nanak Number 1965, 55–56. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Travels and impact of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 29(9–10), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 43. Prakash Singh. Guru Nanak’s visit to Ceylon. Spokesman Weekly, 21(10), Guru Nanak Number 1971, 35–37. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak at Banares. Spokesman Weekly, 16(19), 26 Dec 1966, 5–6. Peace, M.L. Guru Nanak in Hardwar. Spokesman Weekly, 14(27), Mar 1 1965, 5. Rattan Kaur. Guru Nanak at Sultanpur. Spokesman Weekly, 16(1), Anniversary Number 1966, 63–64. Sagar, S.S. From travels of Guru Nanak to travel of Sikh tradition. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(2), 2003, 19–32. Sewaram Singh. Guru Nanak at Baghdad. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2), 1969, 340–43. Surma, M.S. Travels of Guru Nanak. Spokesman Weekly, 18(46), 21 July 1969, 4; 18(47), 28 Jul 1969, 6–10; 19(2), 25 Aug 1969, 4; 19(3), 8 Sep 1969, 8; 19(5), 15 Sep 1969, 7; and 19(6), 22 Sep 1969, 6 & 11. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Bhadrak. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(1), Feb 1977, 147–65. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Cuttack. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1974, 127–44. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Dacca. Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 117–29. Also in Sikh Review, 47(11), Nov 1999, 29–33. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Kharagpur, Midnapur and Chanderkona. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(1), Feb 1975, 134–53. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Sasaram. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 177–84. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Maldah. Journal of Sikh Studies, 6(1), Feb 1979, 163–67. Tak, Raghubir Singh and Sabinderjit Singh Sagar. Guru Nanak’s visit to Jagannath Puri. Sikh Review, 33(383), Nov 1985, 17–29. Trilochan Singh. Probable routes followed by Guru Nanak. In Papers on Guru Nanak. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1970, pp. 171–78.

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Trilochan Singh. Guru Nanak visited Ceylon. Sikh Review, 35(398), Feb 1987, 10–12. Tulka, Tarungpa. Guru Nanak in Tibet. Panjab Past and Present, 3(1–2) 1969, 327–28. Vaswani, T.L. Baba Nanak meets Bahlol in Baghdad. Sikh Review, 51(7), Aug 2003, 16– 17. Verma, R.S. Guru Nanak’s visit to Baghdad: McLeod’s baseless skepticism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 102–106. 2.1.7. Mardana Gandhi, Surjit Singh. The peerless Bhai Mardana. Sikh Review, 52(2), Feb 2004, 22–23. Gupta, Hari Ram. Bhai Mardana. Sikh Courier, 27(63), 1987, 25–26. Gurbachan Singh. Mardana, play the Rebab, the word cometh. Spokesman Weekly, 33(13), 28 Nov 1983, 5. Joginder Singh. Guru Nanak and Bhai Mardana. Spokesman Weekly, 27(13–14), Guru Nanak Number 1977, 33. Peace, M.L. Bhai Mardana’s departure. Spokesman Weekly, 14(30), 22 Mar 1965, 5. Satbir Singh. Bhai Mardana (1459–1534). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 52–54. Satbir Singh. Guru Nanak’s life long companion: Rababi Mardana. Panchbati Sandesh, Jan–Mar 1999, 10–13. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 19(12–13), 1969, 119–20.

2.2. Guru Angad Dev Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. The liberated soul: The life and Bani of Guru Angad Dev. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 96p. Ardaman Singh. Guru Angad Dev Ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 100–12. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. Vol. 2: Guru Angad Dev—The second Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Baljit Singh. Guru Angad: The harbinger of sports in Sikhism. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26 (1–2), 2002, 101–11. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Angad: Carrier of the missionary work. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 7. Banerjee, Indubhusan. Guru Angad: Foundation of the Sikh Panth. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 1–6. Bedi, Joginder Singh. Contributions of Sri Guru Angad Dev in shaping Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 37(26), 21 Mar 1988, 3–4. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad and the Mughals. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 39–46. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad on the contemporary political milieu. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 23rd session, 1989, 96–101.

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Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Angad: A study into political attitude. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(2), Aug 1987, 17–22. Dhillon, Jaswinder Kaur. Guru Angad Dev ji: Life and teachings. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 23–32. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Angad. In his Sikh Gurus: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1993. Gopal Singh. Guru Angad: The prophet. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 19–23. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Angad: Expansion and consolidation of Sikhism. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 13–14. Gupta, Shabnam. The life and teachings of Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 59p. Gursharanjit Singh. Guru Angad Dev in the writings of his contemporaries. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 81–86. Guru Angad Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 35(36), 5 May 1986, 4. Guru Angad Dev. Apostle of humility. Spokesman Weekly, 31(32), 26 Apr 1982, 4. Guru Angad Dev. Sterling piety and unﬂinching devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 30(36), 4 May 1981, 5–6. Guru Angad Dev (Second Guru). In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Jagjeet Singh. The mystique of Guru Angad Dev Ji. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 20–30. Jasbir Singh. Lehna to Guru Angad. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, i–viii. Jodh Singh. Guru Angad: An apostle of Dharma and practical wisdom. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 3–6. Jogeshwar Singh. Guru Angad and his succession as explained in Ramkali ki Var. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 95–100. Joginder Singh. Personality and vision of Guru Angad Dev ji. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 63–76. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Guru Angad: The successor of Guru Nanak. Sikh Courier, 27(64), !987, 10–11. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. The life, teachings and hymns of Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers, 1997. 336p. Khazan Singh. Guru Angad: The second Guru of the Sikhs. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 8–9. Khushwant Singh. Guru Angad: Building of the Sikh Church. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 12. Kirpal Singh. Contribution of Guru Angad Dev to the Panth. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 1–2. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The sloks of Guru Angad: The second Guru of the Sikhs. Lahore: Printed at the Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1901. 12p. McLeod, W.H. Guru Angad Dev. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 146–49.

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Narang, Gokul Chand. Guru Angad: The Sikhs form a community. Sikh Review, 31(353), May 1983, 17–20. Nayyar, G.S. Guru Angad Dev and Parchian Sewa Das. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 77–80. Puran Singh. Angad Nanak: The second master. Sikh Courier, 27(64), 1987, 15–18. Puran Singh. The second master: Angad Nanak. In his The book of ten masters. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 2002. Rai Jasbir Singh. Guru Angad in the eyes of Bhatt Kalsahar. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26 (1–2), 2002, 33–38. Ralhan, O.P. Guru Angad Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 242p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Angad, 1539–1552. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 143–51. Shan, Harnam Singh. Sayings of Guru Angad Dev. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 7–22. Shan, Harnam Singh. Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji: Seconds prophet. Sikh Review, 52(5), May 2004. Shashi Bala. Guru Angad’s philosophy of spiritual realization. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 47–56. Stories of Guru Angad. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1920. 15p. Sudarshan Singh. Guru Angad Dev’s philosophy of life. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 57–62. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 14(1), Apr 1980, 42–46. Vasu, Amar Singh. Life of Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1917. Wasu, Inderjit Singh. Basic concerns of Guru Angad Dev’s Bani. Journal of Sikh Studies, 26(1–2), 2002, 87–94. Wisdom of Guru Angad Dev: Thoughts on quincentenary. Sikh Review, 52(4), Apr 2004, 6–7.

2.3. Guru Amar Das Anand, G.S. Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 328–42. Arora, A.C. and D.S. Dhillon. Historical background to the age of Guru Amar Das. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 1–18. Balbir Kaur. Guru Amar Das. New Delhi: Makhan Singh, 1979. 44p. Balbir Singh. Date of the visit of Guru Amar Das to Kurukshetra. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 441–44. Batra, Manohar Singh. The life and times of Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(1), 2000, 91–97. Bhagat Singh. Social milieu of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 452–59. Brahma Singh. Guru Amar Das: His contribution for ediﬁcation of the faith. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 20–25.

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Chawla, Harcharan Singh. Development of Sikh institutions under Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(1), 1993, 111–21. Chawla, Harcharan Singh. Missionary tours of Guru Amar Das. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 131–39. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Amar Das and the Mughal State. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 87–97. Dhillon, Balwant Singh, Ed. Shri Guru Amar Das Abhinandan. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. 196p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Re-reading Guru Amar Das ji. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 33–36. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Contribution to the development of Sikhism. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 29–38. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and teachings. New Delhi: Sterling, 1979. 196p. Fauja Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and thought. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 300–33. Fauja Singh. Institution of Manjis by Guru Amar Das ji. Sikh Review, 42(5), May 1994, 15–20. Fauja Singh. Life and times of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 41(10), Oct 1992, 5–11. Fauja Singh. Towards distinctive Panthic identity: The mission & Bani of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 41(7), Jul 1993, 14–20. Fauja Singh and Ratan Singh Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982. 153p. Ganda Singh. Gurdwaras of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 469–70. Ganda Singh. Twenty two Manjis established by Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 67–68. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Social ethics of Guru Amar Das. Spokesman Weekly, 37(30), Apr 25, 1988, 3–4. Gill, Pritam Singh. Guru Amar Das: The architect of Sikh culture. Sikh Review, 30(343), Jul 1982, 5–19. Gopal Singh. Guru Amar Das: The prophet of good life. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 359–64. Also in Sikh Review, 27(307), Jul 1979, 22–26. Gujrati, B.S. Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 16(176), Mar 1968, 20–22. Guru Amar Das. An embodiment of humility and devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 30(38), May 1981, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 68–71. Harbans Singh. Guru Amar Das: A brief biographic note. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 334–37. Harkirat Singh. The language of Guru Amar Das. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 84–90. Jaggi, Rattan Singh and Fauja Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das: Third Sikh master. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. 184p.

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Jagjit Singh, K. Guru Amar Das: Home of homeless. Spokesman Weekly, 29(25), 18 Feb 1980, 3–4. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Guru Amar Das ji. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1998. 77p. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Life of Guru Amar Das Ji. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1953. 107p. Jodh Singh (Bhai). Sri Guru Amar Das Ji. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 251–99. Kapur Singh. Guru Amar Das (1479–1574). Sikh Review, 29(326), Feb 1981, 12–26. Khosla, Anju. The life and teachings of Guru Amar Das. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 72p. Khushwant Singh. Thus spake Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 21(234), May 1973, 19–20. Kirpal Singh. The date of the visit of Guru Amar Das to Kurukshetra and Hardwar. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), 1991, 42–46. Kirpal Singh. Guru Amar Das’s contribution to the growth of Sikhism. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(1), Apr–Jun 2001, 24–25. Kirpal Singh. Guru Amar Das: Life and mission. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 19–28. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sri Guru Amar Das: His teachings and philosophy. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 460–66. Also in Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 9–14. Mehar Singh. Last testament of Guru Amar Das. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 36–39. Mohan Singh. Guru Amar Das and a great reformer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 419–30. Nayyar, G.S. Religion of Guru Amar Das in his own words. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 402–17. Nayyar, G.S. Signiﬁcance of the pontiﬁcation of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 26(2), Oct 1992, 14–19. Prakash Singh. Guru Amar Das and the institution of Langer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 431–40. Peace, M.L. Guru Amar Das: The third Nanak. Frozepur: D.S. Bhalla, 1960. 85p. Puran Singh. Guru Amar Das: An embodiment of humility and devotion. Spokesman Weekly, 32(38), 23 May 1983, 4–6. Raghubir Singh. Guru Amar Das and folk elements of anecdotes. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 91–96. Rai Jasbir Singh. Guru Amar Das and the folk element of anecdotes. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 91–96. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amardas. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 152–60. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amar Das: An embodiment of humility. Spokesman Weekly, 29(35), Apr 28, 1980, 5. Ranbir Singh. Guru Amar Das: He sowed the seed of truth and reaped its fruit. Spokesman Weekly, 36(35), May 1987, 3–4.

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Ranjit Singh. Guru Amar Das Ji: A biography. Amritsar: Nanak Singh Pustakmala, 1980. 64p. Ranjodh Singh. Guru Amar Das: The consolidator of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 34(387), Mar 1986, 5–12. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 13(6), Mar 1987, 2–6. Sekhon, S.S. Amar Das Guru. In A. Datta, Ed. Encyclopedia of Indian literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1987. Vol. 1: 147–48. Shan, Harnam Singh. Some sayings of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 392–401. Singla, Subhash. Life of Guru Amar Das. M.A. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1981. 92p. Sital, Jit Singh. Guru Amar Das: The divine grandson of Guru Nanak. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 473–81. Social ethics of Guru Amar Das. Spokesman Weekly, 31(33), 3 May, 1982, 5. Stories of Guru Amar Das. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1922. 22p. Sudarshan Singh. Philosophy of life of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 243–47. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Sikh society under Guru Amar Das: A study. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 67–79. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of service and humility. Spokesman Weekly, 35(39), 26 May 1986, 5. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Thus spake Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1979. 84p. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of bliss. London: Federation of Sikh Organisations, 1979. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of bliss. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 348–58. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The apostle of perennial youth. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(3), Dec 1980, 32–34. Taran Singh. Guru Amar Das: The fulﬁllment of boons. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 1(4), Mar 1980, 32–35. Thapar, K.S. Guru Amar Das as an organizer. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 445–71. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Contemporaries of Guru Amar Das. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 470–71. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Amar Das at a glance. Panjab Past and Present, 13(2), Oct 1979, 472–73. Wazir Singh. Contribution of Guru Amar Das to Sikh cosmology. In Fauja Singh and R.S. Jaggi, Eds. Perspectives on Guru Amar Das. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982, pp. 39–52.

2.4. Guru Ram Das Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Creative harmony: Life and Bani of Guru Ram Das. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 104p.

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Ajaib Singh (Sant). The two ways: A commentary on the Gauri Vars of Guru Ramdas. Sanbornton, N.H.: S. Bani Ashram, 1985. 218p. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus: Vol. 2—Guru Ram Das: Fourth Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Balwant Singh. Development and organisation of Sikh Panth under Guru Ram Das. Panjab Past and Present, 20(39), Apr 1986, 36–42. Bedi, Joginder Singh. Guru Ram Das: Nobel deeds of piety. Spokesman Weekly, 38(3), 24 Oct 1988, 5. Devinder Singh. Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru: Apostle of love and humility. Sikh Review, 34(393), Sept 1986, 5–10. Gobind Singh. Contribution of Guru Ramdas to the development of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 30(9), 27 Oct 1980, 6–7. Guramrit Kaur. Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 24(273), Sept 1976, 5–7. Gurdeep Singh. Concept of true creator in the poetry of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sept 1975, 8–11. Guru Ram Das (Fourth Guru). In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Janama Sakhi. Guru Ram Das ji. London: Star Books, 1993. 104p. Joginder Singh. Guru Ram Das: Reformer extraordinary. Sikh Review, 43(8), Aug 1995, 58–61. Kartar Singh. Re-reading Guru Ram Das ji. Sikh Review, 45(8), Aug 1997, 11–14. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Guru Ram Das remembered. The fourth Guru in the Sikh tradition. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1991. 232p. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Guru Ram Das in Sikh tradition. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1997. 174p. Khalsa, Gurudharm Singh. Religion and the rule of Akbar in the time of Guru Ram Das. Panjab Past and Present, 23(2), Oct 1989, 1–9. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 43–52. Man Singh. Sri Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 21(232), Mar 1973, 11–14. Manmohan Kaur. Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sept 1975, 5–7. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ram Das. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 450–54. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ramdas’s contribution to Sikh religion. Spokesman Weekly, 33(8), 24 Oct 1983, 4. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Ramdas: His life, work and philosophy. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1979. 185p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Raj yoga of Guru Ram Das. Spokesman Weekly, 32(5), 4 Oct 1982, 5. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Sri Guru Ram Das: A study of his poetry. Sikh Courier, 9(12), 1977–78, 7–12.

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Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Survey of poetry and music of Guru Ram Das. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 66–86. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Times of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 30(346), Oct 1982, 5–20, and 36(418), Oct 1988, 8–19. Nara, Ishar Singh. Light of Guru Ram Das ji. New Delhi: The author, 1986. 124p. Parkash Singh. Guru Ram Das and Amritsar. Sikh Review, 19(214), Sept 1971, 38–46; and 31(358), Oct 1983, 34–43. Parkash Singh. Guru Ram Das: The life story. Sikh Review, 36(418), Oct 1988, 20–29. Rajendrababu, A. Guru Ram Das ji Maharaj: A life of rare dedication. Sikh Review, 42(10), Oct 1994, 11–12. Ranbir Singh. Guru Ram Dass. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 164–69. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Ram Das. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 64p. Sikka, Ajit Singh. Love in the Bani of Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 24(273), Sept 1976, 23–24.

2.5. Guru Arjan Dev Advani, K.V. Guru Arjan Dev and his muse. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 43–45. Advani, K.V. Guru Arjan Dev and Sikh renaissance. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 9–11. Advani, K.V. Poetic melody of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 20(255), Aug 1972, 26–27. Agnihotri, H.L. and R. Agnihotri. Guru Arjan Dev: The poet-prophet. Hissar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 191p. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Arjan: A turning point in Sikh history. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 20–23. Ajit Singh. Guru Arjan Dev and the Adi Granth. Sikh Courier, 10(2), Sum 1980, 7. Also in Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 24–25. Amole, S.S. Guru Arjan’s message for peace of mind. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 13–14. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great martyr. Sikh Review, 18(199), Jun 1970, 5–7; 30(342), Jun 1982, 16–18. Babu, S. Rajendra. The spirit and glory of Guru Arjun Dev. Sikh Review, 41(5), May 1993, 9–13. Bagga, Ajit Singh. Context and aftermath of the martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 17(180), Jul 1968, 5–12. Batra, Manohar Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev: The apostle of peace and human brotherhood. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), 2000, 51–64. Bhag Singh. Guru Arjan: The ﬁrst Sikh martyr. Sikh Review, 34(389), Jun 1986, 5–9. Brahma Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The poet, builder and organiser. Spokesman Weekly, 35(31), Jun 9, 1986, 4.

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Chadha, G.S. Guru Arjan Dev: An apostle of peace and non-violence. Spokesman Weekly, 35(31), Jun 9, 1986, 4. Chatrath, Bhagwant Singh. Chief of the martyrs: Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Amritsar: Jaidev Singh Joginder Singh, n.d. 16p. Chopra, R.M. Transformation of Sikhs under Guru Arjan Dev ji. Sikh Review, 45(6), Jun 1997, 20–23. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: Brightest star of national integration. Spokesman Weekly, 35(41), Jun 9, 1986, 3. Daljit Singh. Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563–1606). Young Sikh Review, Jun 1980, 11–12. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Causes of Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom: An appraisal. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 15–18. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Arjun Dev: Re-read. Sikh Review, 44(5), May 1996, 11–14. Fenech, Louis E. Martyrdom and the execution of Guru Arjan in early Sikh sources. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(1), Jan–Mar 2001, 20–31. Ganda Singh. Death by torture: The last phase. Sikh Review, 36(414), Jun 1988, 13–14. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan. Young Sikh Review, Jun 1980, 14–16. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 22(246), Jun 1974, 14–28. Ganda Singh. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom re-interpreted. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, 1969. 51p. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan. Panjab Past and Present, 12(1), Apr 1978, 160–177. Also in Sikh Review, 29(330), Jun 1981, 11–26. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Signiﬁcance of Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom. Spokesman Weekly, 30(41), Jun 1981, 11–26. Gill, Mohinder Kaur. Study of the personality and poetry of Guru Arjun Dev. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1971. Great poet: Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 10–14. Greenless, Duncan. Life sketch of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 28(318), Jun 1980, 5–9. Grewal, Jaswant Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: A unique personality. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 47–49. Gulcharan Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The real architect of Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41– 42), Jun 1980, 7–8. Guru Arjan. Bombay: India Book House, 1984. 32p. Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 23(258), Jun 1975, 5–13. Guru Arjan Dev. A saint and scholar of rare piety and literary attainment. Spokesman Weekly, 31(36), 24 May 1982, 8. Guru Arjan Dev. A spiritual enlightener. Spokesman Weekly, 32(35), 2 May 1983, 5; and 30(35), 27 Apr 1981, 5. Guru Arjan in historical retrospect. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 5–7. Guru Arjan martyred by Shamanistic law. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 14–27.

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Hambye, E.R. Contemporary Jesuit document on Guru Arjan Dev’s martyrdom. In Harbans Singh and N.G. Barrier, Eds. Panjab Past and Present: Essays in honor of Dr. Ganda Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976, pp. 113–18. Harnam Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1924. 19p. Hazara Singh. The glorious Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 42(6), Jun 1994, 5–7. Hazara Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 32(41), Jun 13, 1983, 4–5. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 12(9), Jun 1986, 6–11. Hoshiar Singh. Guru Arjan: The king of martyrs. Sikh Review, 19(211), Jun 1971, 5–12. Hoshiar Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev: His life and mission. Sikh Review, 22(246), Jun 1974, 4–13. Jagjit Singh, K. Probing the ulterior motive of Jehnagir: Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41–42), 9–16 Jun 1980, 5–6. Jamna Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev ji: A watershed in Indian religious tradition. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 19–21. Joshi, Mahindra Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1994. 89p. Kapur Singh. Guru Arjan martyred by Shamanistic law. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 13–23. Kartar Singh. Apostle of love and sacriﬁce (Guru Arjan Dev). Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 5–12. Kartar Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great apostle of love and sacriﬁce. Singapore: Sikh Missionary Tract Society, 1941. 18p. Kartar Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The great teacher and martyr. Ambala: Guru Nanak Missionary Society, 1935. 40p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The ﬁfth Nanak. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 125–35. Lesser, R.H. Arjan Dev: The Guru who was a poet. In Saints and sages of India. New Delhi: Intercultural Publishing, 1992, pp. 125–51. Life of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, n.d. Mahinder Singh. Guru Arjan: The martyr extraordinary. Amrit Kirtan, 15(7), July 2003, 20–23. Minhas, Surjit Singh. Guru Arjan: The king and martyrs. Sikh Review, 16(176), Jun 1968, 35–37. Mohinder Kaur. A study of the personality and poetry of Guru Arjan Dev. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: Delhi University, 1972. Mohinder Singh. Guru Arjan’ martyrdom: Jahangir’s most fateful decision. Sikh Review, 49(5), May 2001, 16–18. Moosvi, Shireen. Akbar meets Guru Arjan (from Abu’l Fazl, Akbarnama). In J.S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 55. Moosvi, Shireen. Guru Arjan’s martyrdom, 1606(from Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri). In J.S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikhhistory from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 56–58. Narain Singh. The holy Guru Arjan. Amritsar: The author, 1967. 384p.

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Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Arjan: A most willing martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 29(43), Jun 23, 1980, 5. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: His voice of living appeal to the modern society. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), 1990, 72–74. Pabla, B.S. Guru Arjan solves the Bible parable. Sikh Review, 34(389), Jun 1986, 10–11; and 20(229), Dec 1972, 19. Pall, J.S. Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 4–5. Peace, M.L. Episodic sketches from the life of Guru Arjan Dev. Jullunder: The author, 1969. 72p. Peace, M.L. Shri Guru Arjan Dev: The ﬁfth Nanak. Ferozepur: D.S. Bhalla, 1961. 108p. Pritam Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: The prince among martyrs. Sikh Review, 19(215), Oct 1971, 16–18. Puran Singh. Life of Shri Guru Arjan Dev with a translation of a section of his soul and stirring Shabads and Shalokas. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, n.d. Puran Singh. Many splendours of Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 37(6), June 1989, 9–16. Puran Singh. Message of Guru Arjan Dev. Lahore: Lahore Book Shop, 1945. 24p. Rajinder Singh. Sacred Sikh shrines associated with Guru Arjan. Spokesman Weekly, 29(41–42), 9–16, Jun 1980, 4. Ralhan, O.P. Guru Arjun Dev. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998. 243p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: Embodiment of supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 36(38), 1 Jun, 1987, 3–4. Ranbir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 170–85. Rekhi, J.S. Guru Arjan: The perceptive Guru. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 162–69. Sangat Singh. The legacy of Guru Arjan Dev ji. Sikh Review, 50(6), June 2002, 33–39. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories III: (Guru Arjan Dev Ji). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). All the year round. Guru Arjan’s twelve months of love and worship. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1920. 19p. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Cross and the crown. Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, n.d., 13p. Sethi, Gurcharan Singh. Prince Khusrau’s revolt and Guru Arjan Dev. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 2nd session, Oct 1966. Shan, Harnam Singh. So said Gur Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 51(6), June 2003, 38–40. Shan, Harnam Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 20(223), Jun 1972, 4–5. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 52p. Sher Singh. Brahmgyani martyr Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jun 1969, 33–39.

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Sher Singh. Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji: What he did for India and mankind at large? Tarn Taran: Sikh Religious Tract Society, 1933. 29p. Shinhat, Surjit Kaur and Himmat Shinhat. Guru Arjan Dev. Montreal: Five Rivers Publications, 1987. 60p. Sidhu, G.S. Guru Arjan: The apostle for the peace. Gravesend, Kent: Sikh Missionary Society of UK, 1970. 18p. Sodhi, Brijendra Singh. Shri Guru Arjan Dev: The poet and the organizer. Amritsar: The author, 1936. 52p. Surat Singh. Victory in death: The martyrdom of Guru Arjan. Lahore: Tract Society, n.d. 24p. Surinder Singh. Guru Arjan. Young Sikh Review, Jun 1981, 17–19. Surma, M.S. Guru Arjan: The saint philosopher. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 12–15. Sutantar Singh. Facets of Guru Arjan Dev. Sikh Review, 21(235), Jun 1973, 22–26. Talib, G.S. Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1606). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 188–93. Teja Singh. Guru Arjan’s work in life. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 31–34. Tejpal Singh. Guru Arjan Dev: A multi faceted personality. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 125–30. Trilochan Singh. Genius of Guru Arjan. Sikh Review, 29(330), Jun 1981, 5–10; and 39(6), Jun 1991, 23–30. Trilochan Singh. A study of Guru Arjan’s poems. Sikh Review, 27(306), Jun 1979, 26–30. Trilochan Singh. Letters of Sahibzade Arjan Dev to his father Guru Ram Das. Sikh Review, 36(414), Jun 1988, 5–12. Vohra, R.N. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 12th session, 1978, 80–82. Wazir Singh. Guru Arjan Dev. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1991.

2.6. Guru Hargobind Ajit Singh. Guru Hargobind Sahib’s journey to Kashmir. Sikh Review, 49(6), June 2001, 18–20. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus: Vol. 4—Guru Hargobind. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Baljinder Singh. The life and times of Guru Hargobind. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Batra, Manohar Singh. Guru Hargobind: The prophet of Miri and Piri. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 14(2), 1995, 82–96. Cheema, Baljinder Singh. Guru Hargobind: Personality and vision. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 2000. 149p. Dharam Singh. Guru Hargobind: Birth & ancestry. Sikh Review, 47(7), Jul 1999, 25–27. Dhillon, D.S. and Baljinder Singh Cheema. Chronology of the battles of Guru Hargobind. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, Mar 1987, 171–77.

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Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Gobind. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 186–200. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Har Gobind. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 52p. Sher Singh. Life of Guru Hargobind Sahib according to Ernst Trump (1881). Sikh Review, 40(5), May 1992, 10–12. Sikh restores Mosque built by Guru Hargobind. Sikh Review, 49(6), June 2001, 60–62. Tak, Raghbir Singh. Sacrament of initiation of Guru Hargobindji. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 27th session, 1995, 50–53. Trilochan Singh. Guru Har Gobind’s views of an ideal Sikh missionary. Sikh Review, 24(272), Aug 1976, 18–24. 2.6.1. Miri and Piri Amar Singh. The concept of Miri andPiri. Sikh Courier, 39(88), Aut–Win 1999, 27–28. Bachittar Singh (Gyani). Akal Takht: Concept of Miri Piri. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 216–26. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Elements of Miri–Piri concept. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 27–34. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Miri-Piri concept and the ongoing feud at Amritsar. Spokesman Weekly, Mar 2000, 37–41. Dalip Singh. The Miri Piri doctrine: A guide to worldly & spiritual life. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 47–48. Daljeet Singh. Sikhism: A Miri –Piri system. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 42–60. Dhanoa, S.S. Doctrine of Miri–Piri. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1992, 93–106. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Miri–Piri. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 89–91. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Politics and religion in view of Miri-Piri principle. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Khalsa and twenty-ﬁrst century. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1999, pp. 167–79. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Concept of Miri-Piri in Sikhism. In his Real Sikhism. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 1994, pp. 160–71. Jagjit Singh. Doctrine of Meeri–Peeri. In Jasbir S. Mann and Kharak Singh, Eds. Recent researches in Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992, pp. 136–51. Jagjit Singh. Signiﬁcance of concept of Meeri–Peeri and its historical impact. In his Dynamics of Sikh revolution. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 2000, pp. 122–44. Jaspal Singh. Miri Piri doctrine: The basis of Sikh concept of state. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 12(2), Jul–Dec 1993, 82–97. King, Noel Q. Miri Piri and Western Christian theory of two swords. Sikhs Past and Present, 2(1), Spr 1992, 26–32.

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Lasaria, Sucha Singh. Guru Hargobind: Apostle of Miri and Piri. Sikh Courier, 35(80), Aut– Win, 1995, 18–20. Manjit Kaur. Tradition of Miri Piri in Sikhism. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 18th session, 1983, 80–81. Manjit Kaur. Tradition of Miri Piri in Sikhism (1469–1716). M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1982. Miri Piri. In R.P. Malhotra and Kuldeep Arora, Eds. Encyclopaedic dictionary of Punjabi literature. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2003. Vol. 2: 352–54. Mona Kaur Singh. Miri Piri: The empowerment of the faithful. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 13(2), 1993, 75–83. Also in Sikh Review, 43(6), Jun 1995, 30–36. Narang, S.S. Miri Piri: The cosmic concept of balanced way of life. Hayes, Middlesex: Gurmat Parkashan Trust, 1996. 34p. Narang, S.S. Role of Miri Piri in modern society. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 227–50. Also in Sikh Courier, 42(92), Aut–Win 2001, 12–17. Nirankari, Man Singh. The concept of Miri and Piri. Sikh Review, 45(3), Mar 1997, 44–46. Talwara, Joginder Singh. Miri-Piri siasat dharm. Sikh Review, 37(9), Sep 1989, 23–25. Tarlochan Nahal Singh. Miri andPiri: Religion and politics in Sikhism with special reference to the Sikh struggle (1947–1997). Ph.D. Thesis. Senior University International, 1999. 398p. Vikram Singh. Miri Piri: The concept of temporal and spiritual sovereignty. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 15(1), Jan–Jun 1996, 84–95.

2.7. Guru Har Rai Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Gathering storm: Guru Har Rai and his times. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. Amar Singh. Guru Har Rai Sahib: The gentle teacher. Sikh Review, 49(2), Feb 2001, 26–27. Bakshi, S.R. Encyclopaedia of Gurus. Vol. 5: Guru Har Rai, seventh Guru. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Batra, Manohar Singh. The seventh master: Guru Har Rai ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), Jul–Dec 2001, 119–23. Bhagat Singh. Guru Har Rai. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 261–63. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Years of strengthening: Guru Har Rai. Sikh Review, 31(349), Jan 1983, 5–13. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Har Rai. Spokesman Weekly, 35(25) 17 Feb 1986, 3. Guru Har Rai. In Sikh religion. Detroit, Michigan: Sikh Missionary Center, 1990. Guru Har Rai. The most magnanimous of men. Spokesman Weekly, 30(25) 16 Feb 1981, 5; and 31(28), 22 Mar 1982. 5. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Har Rai. Spokesman Weekly, 37(19) Feb 1988, 3–4.

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Mohinder Singh. Humanism of Guru Har Rai. Sikh Review, 41(5), Jun 1993, 15–16. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 201–03. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai: The most magnanimous of men. Spokesman Weekly, 36(22), 9 Feb 1987, 3. Ranbir Singh. Guru Har Rai: Hunger for love songs. Spokesman Weekly, 29 (23), 4 Feb 1980, 5. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Har Rai. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 80p.

2.8. Guru Harkishan Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. The life divine: Life of Guru Har Kishan. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 2002. 104p. Amar Singh. Guru Harkishan: Whose sight heals. Sikh Review, 44(8), Aug 1996, 11–12. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Harkishan (1656–1664). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. Vol. 2: 254–56. Aulakh, Ajit Singh. Illustrated stories from the life of Guru Harkrishan Sahib Ji and Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1998. 104p. Batra, Manohar Singh. The eighth master: Sri Guru Hari Kishan ji. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 105–110. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Contemplate the spirit of Harkishan seeing whom all sorrow and suffering in dispelled. Spokesman Weekly, 26(45), 20 Jul 1987, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Harkishan: Whose vision of personality removes all pains. Spokesman Weekly, 29(48), 4 Aug 1980, 5–6. Guru Harkishan. The precious genius. Spokesman Weekly, 36(45), 20 Jul, 1987, 3–4. Gur Harkishan. The eighth Nanak (1656–1664). Young Sikh Review, Aug 1980, 20–21. Harbans Singh. Guru Harkishan: The child Guru. Sikh Review, 26(416), Aug 1988, 5–9. Harnam Singh. Stories from the life of Sri Guru Harkishan. Amritsar: Sikh Tract Society, 1988. History of Sri Guru Harkishan Ji. Lahore: Model Press, n.d. 176p. Homage to Guru Harkishan who blessed and healed at sight. Spokesman Weekly, 30(48), 27 Jul, 1981, 4. Johar, Surinder Singh. Sacred shrines connected with Guru Harkishan Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 31(43), 12 Jul, 1982, 5. Mahinder Singh. Guru Harikrishan: His sight dispels suffering. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 22–23. Onkar Singh. Guru Har Krishan: Beacon of hope for suffering humanity. Sikh Review, 49(7), July 2001, 15–16; and 51(10), Oct 2003, 21–22. Pritam Singh. Sri Guru Harkishan Sahib. Sikh Review, 20(229), Dec 1972, 27–29. Pritam Singh. Sri Guru Harkishan: The precocious genius. Spokesman Weekly, 29(48), 4 Aug 1980, 4–5.

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2.9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Hind di chadar. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 124p. Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A biography. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1979. 235p. Anand, G.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Agra: Agra University, 1970. Anand, G.S. Some aspects of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life and work. Panjab Past and Present, 10(1), Apr 1976, 10–15. Attar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur upheld religious freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 2. Baagha, Ajit Singh. Palprsnavali or Guru Tegh Bahadur’s mission in historical perspective. Amritsar: Fakir Singh and Sons, 1975. 136p. Bakshi, S.R. Guru Teg Bahadur: Ninth Guru. In Encyclopaedia of Gurus. New Delhi: Rima Publishing House, 1994. Vol. 5. Bal, S.S. Awakening the oppressed. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s role and its reason. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 56–60. Banerjee, A.C. Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. Vol. 4: 329–34. Bhandari, Sujan Rai. Guru Tegh Bahadur in the world of contemporary. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 7–. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sacriﬁces. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 96–99. Chronology of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 233–36. Daljeet Singh (Raja). Guru Tegh Bahadur. Patiala: Language Department, 1971. 171p. Dalip Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Young Sikh Cultural Association, 1975. 32p. Darshan Singh. Ninth Nanak: A historical biography. Jullundhur: K. Lal, 1975. 120p.

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Deora, Man Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A select bibliography. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 132–48. Dhawan, S.K. Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru: A chronology. Delhi: Deepalika Book Traders, 1976. 110p. Dhillon, Gurdial Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A many splendoured genius. Spokesman Weekly, 25(17), 22 Dec 1975, 3–4. Dhillon, Gurdial Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Dispenser of ideal prescription. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 120–22. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib: Life history, sacred hymns and teachings: Original Panjabi & Hindi translation and transliteration. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1975. 183p. Fauja Singh. Bhat Vahis as a source for the life of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 75–85. Fauja Singh and Gurbachan Singh Talib. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. 185p. 2nd Ed. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, i–ix. Ganda Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(16), 15 Dec 1975, 9. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur commemoration volume. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Some facts of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s multi-denominational personality. Spokesman Weekly, 25(17), 22 Dec 1975, 5. Grewal, Dalvindar Singh. Life history of Guru Tegh Bahadur as recorded in Bhatt Wahis. Sikh Review, 37(12), Dec 1989, 28–33. Grewal, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Persian chroniclers. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 138p. Gulcharan Singh. Gur Ladho Re: The Guru is found. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 20–26. Gulcharan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Lobana Sikhs. Sikh Review, 16(170), Sep 1967, 11–18. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 31(12), 30 Nov 1981, 7–8. Guleria, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sep 1975, 3–4. Guleria, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet of humanism. Sikh Review, 24(266), Feb 1976, 7–9. Gupta, Bhim Sen. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A study. Chandigarh: Punjab University, 1978. 152p. Gupta, Bhim Sen. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s concept of freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 28(4–5), Annual Number 1978, 42. Gurcharan Singh. Holiness of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s personality and N.C.E.R.T. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 35th session, Mar 2003, 178–89. Gurtej Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Builder of the Sikh nation. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 85–89. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bombay: India Book House, 1983. 32p. Hanspal, Harbhajan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Sterling, 1982. 148p.

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Harbans Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: Life history, sacred hymns and teachings. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 1975. 183p. Harbhajan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur was product of legend. Spokesman Weekly, 24(11), 1974, 3. Hira Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 9–11. Inderjit Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A tribute. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 10. Also in Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 123–24. Jagdish Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: An illustrated biography. New Delhi: Punjab & Sind Bank, 1976. 44p. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Chandigarh: The author, 1993. 23p. Joginder Singh. Saga of the ninth Guru. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 24–30. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A biography. New Delhi: Enkay Publishers, 1994. 164p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Defender of faith. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1975. 262p. Josh, Mohinder Singh. The Mughals had arrested Guru Tegh Bahadur not once but thrice (1). Spokesman Weekly, Sept 2003, 36–40. Josh, Mohinder Singh. In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib was arrested for the third time while protecting non-Sikhs human rights. Spokesman Weekly, Nov 2003, 36. Joshi, L.M. Conception of Jivanmukti in Guru Tegh Bahadur’s hymns. In Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 97–122. Joshi, L.M. Dharma and Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 1(1), Sep 1977, 37–79. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Tegh Bahadur and religious freedom. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 122–24. Khan, Abdul Majid. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Intrepid champion of religious freedom. Spokesman Weekly, 25(21), 26 Jan 1976, 6. Khazan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His life and philosophy. Bulletin of the Ram–Krishna Mission Institute of Culture, 27(11), Nov 1976, 232–35. Kirpal Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur was ever forgiving. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 29–30. Kohli, Mohinder Pal. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Testimony of conscience. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1992. 67p. Kohli, Sita Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur: My life but not my faith. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 103–105. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Padash Buranji. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 13–14. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Western writers. Spokesman Weekly, 26(8), Silver Jubilee Number 1976, 4–44.

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Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth Guru (1621–1675). In Kharak Singh et al., Eds. Fundamental issues in Sikh Studies. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1992, pp. 160–69. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sword and the spirit. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2001. 139p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Poetic contribution and philosophy of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Advance, 25(3), Aug 76, 15–23. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 19–20. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Sword and the spirit: An introduction to Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life and philosophy. New Delhi: Ankur, 1977. 139p. Kultarnjit Singh. Educational philosophy of Guru Teg Bahadur and its contribution to modern Indian education. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 341p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Life of Guru Bahadur. Lahore: The author, 1903. 66p. Mann, Jaswant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The man of destiny. Sikh Review, 24(270), Jun 1976, 17–19. The muse of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Moga: Sadhu T.L. Vaswani Study Circle, 1971. 71p. Narang, Gokul Chand. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s mission. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 6. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Spiritual empiricism of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(20), 19 Jan 1976, 5. Parkash Singh. Birthday, early life and marriage of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 5–13. Peace, M.L. Brief life sketch of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Jullundur: The author, 1960. 104p. Phulan Rani. Life of Guru Tegh Bahadur through pictures. Annotated by Shamsher Singh and Narendra Singh Virdi. Amritsar: Modern Sahitya Academy, n.d. 82p. Piar Singh. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: Farsi Sarot. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 168p. Pritam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s tercentenary and the role of the writers. Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 5–8. Rajinder Singh. Historians of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 31(12), 30 Nov 1981, 5. Ralhan, O.P., Ed. The great Gurus of the Sikhs. Vol. 4: Guru Tegh Bahadur & Govind Singh. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. 359p. Ram Singh. Tegh Bahadur: His life, teachings and martyrdom. Ambala Cantt: Joshi Press, 1970. 160p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Divine poet, saviour and martyr. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, 1975. 138p. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 208–216. Ranbir Singh. What I owe to Guru Tegh Bahadur? Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 24–30. Ranbir Singh, et al. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Delhi: Hind Pocket Books, 1976. 127p. Sandhu, Inderjit Kaur. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 25(278), Feb 1977, 53–58.

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Sandhu, Inderjit Kaur. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Nanak IX. Sikh Courier, 9(5), Spr 1977, 4–11. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories IV: (Guru Tegh Bahadur). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1992. Saran Singh. India’s man of destiny: Years of preparation. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 40–43. Satbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Commemorative volume. Amritsar: Guru Tegh Bahadur Tercentenary Committee, 1975. 160p. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 56p. Sharma, Sri Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(22), 2 Feb 1976, 3–4. Sidhu, Ajaib Singh. Early life of Guru Tegh Bahadur up to 1665. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. Sud, Radha Krishna. Guru Tegh Bahadur in the light of his own words. Sikh Review, 26(300), Dec 1978, 19–21. Taran Singh. Tegh Bahadur’s 20 years of meditation at Bakala before Guru. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 17–19. Trilochan Singh. Brief life of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Delhi: Sikh Gurdwara Board, 1974. 90p. 2.9.1. Martyrdom Ahuja, Anand Mohan. Signiﬁcance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: A true perspective. Delhi: Kirti Publications, 1975. 27p. Ahuja, A.M. and N.D. Ahuja. Alamgiri myth and Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: A true perspective. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 96–108. Ahuja, Anand Mohan and N.D. Ahuja. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur vis-`a-vis the religious policy of Aurangzeb. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 28–36. Also in Sikh Review, 28(324), Dec 1980, 7–16. Ahuja, R.L. Guru Tegh Bahadur martyrdom: The politics of martyrdom in perspective. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(3), Dec 1982, 41–49. Ahuja, R.L. Politics of martyrdom in perspective. Journal of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Feb 1978, 108–121. Also in Sikh Review, 32(327), Jan 1982, 42–60. Ajit Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 105–108. Alag, Sarup Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Sikh Courier, 35(79), Spr–Sum 1995, 17–18. Anand, G.S. The arrest and execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 112–19. Anand, G.S. Impact of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s sacriﬁce. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 140–46. Avtar Singh. Re-interpretation of martyrdom: An academic critique. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 86–104. Bakshish Singh. Supreme sacriﬁce: The blood bath sanctiﬁes Chandani Chowk. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 81–84.

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Bal, S.S. Circumstances leading to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 16(166), May 1967, 22–27; and 22(242), Jan 1974, 44–47. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 106–111. Baldev Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur ji: Distortion in history books. Sikh Review, 50(7), Jul 2002, 25–26. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 17–26; and 24(265), Jan 1976, 65 & 74. Batra, Manohar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s supreme sacriﬁce for religious freedom. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 16(2), 1997, 88–96. Bhag Singh. Martyr extraordinary. Sikh Review, 33(384), Dec 1985, 5–8. Bhag Singh. How Guru Tegh Bahadur’s head was taken from Delhi to Anandpur: A saga of most daring heroism. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 22–27. Brahma Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A unique martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), Nov 29, 1976, 5–6. Also in Sachkhand Patra, 12(5), Feb 1986, 2–7. Chana, S.S. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 395–400. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Martyrdom of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(16), 15 Dec 1975, 3. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: The sacriﬁces: I—A homage to the martyrs, II—Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Sis-Ganj Gurdwara. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 96–109. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A study of religious culture, social, historical background. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 11(1), 1992, 128–41. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Philosophical perceptions and legends about Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: An interpretation. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 13(1), 1994, 100–15. Darshan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2003. 124p. Darshan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 21(1), 2002, 113–17. Dhillon, D.S. and B.S. Cheema. Martyrdom of three companions of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 19th session, Mar 1985, 170–72. Duggal, Devinder Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. A historical perspective. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 109–116. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(26), Mar 1976, 5. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 31(46), 2 Aug 1982, 4. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Relevance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom day. Spokesman Weekly, 35(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 31–32. Also in and Journal of Sikh Studies, 8(1–2), Feb–Aug 1981, 76–79. Fauja Singh. Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A new look. Bulletin of the Institute of Post Graduate (Evening) Studies, 1966, 28–48. Also in Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(1), Feb 1974, 79–89; 3(1), Feb 1976, 183–97; and Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 26–26. Fauja Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 137–157. Also in Sikh Review, 24(273), Sep 1987, 34–46.

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Fauja Singh and Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 211p. Ganda Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur martyrdom: Capricious hagiography by some Sikh writer. Sikh Review, 31(329), May 1981, 48–52. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1976. 182p. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(1), Feb 1976, 109–182. Also in Journal of Indian History, 56(2), 15 Sep, 1982, 23–29; Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1976, 191–267; Sikh Review, 24(270), Jan 1976, 20–37. Ganda Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur studied in historical setting. Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 5–15; and 30(348), Dec 1982, 12–23. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 11(2), Oct 1977, 201–212; and 22(2), Oct 1988, 103–114. Gill, Pritam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The unique martyr. Jullundur: New Academic Publishing Co, 1975. 124p. Grewal, J.S. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 36(13), 1 Dec 1986, 5 & 11. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom: Its impact on history. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 91–108. Gurbachan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Illustrated Weekly of India, 96(49), 7–13 Dec 1975, 8–13. Gurbux Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Muslim and Hindu scholars of Persia. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 65–82. Gurbux Singh. Real facts about the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 25(277), Jan 1977, 34–51. Gurdeep Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The unique martyr. Sikh Review, 25(288), Dec 1977, 53–55. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 32(337), Jan 1982, 41–45. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), 29 Nov 1976, 3–44. Harbans Singh. Panoramic view: Guru Nanak to martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 5–22. Harchand Singh. True signiﬁcance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 117–19. Harindra Singh. Execution of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Modern Review, 139(6), Jun 1976, 394–98. Hukam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom and after-vigilance for controlling commercialized vice. Spokesman Weekly, 16(18), 19 Dec 1966; and 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 39–40. Kapur Singh. Who killed Guru Tegh Bahadur? Journal of Sikh Studies, 2(2), Aug 1975, 153–66. Khurana, Tilak Raj. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Second martyr in the war of Indian independence. Spokesman Weekly, 24(38), Jun 23, 1975, 5–6.

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Khushwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The second martyr Guru. Sikh Review, 24(265), Jan 1976, 23–27. Kulraj Singh. Confrontation and martyrdom. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 73–80. Lakhinder Singh and Satinder Singh. The supreme sacriﬁce of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Gravesend, England: Sikh Missionary Society, 1975. 40p. Manmohan Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. Sachkhand Patra, 13(3), Dec 1986, 2–4. Onkar Singh. Martyr extraordinary: Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 49(12), Dec 2001, 15–16. Patwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: The miracle of martyrdom. Sikh Review, 50(12), Dec 2002, 21–25. Peace, M.L. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur: A sublime example of supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 9–10. Ranbir Singh. Impact of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Spokesman Weekly, 28(13), 26 Nov, 1979, 5; and 30(15), 8 Dec 1980, 5, 9. Ranjodh Singh. Vanguard of martyrs. Sikh Review, 23(264), 1975, 70–72. Sangat Singh. Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 78–89. Santokh Singh. He died for freedom of worship. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 12. Shan, Harnam Singh. Concept of martyrdom with special reference to Shahidi of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Sikh Review, 50(2), Feb 2002, 42–50. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Embodiment of supreme and unique martyrdom. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(1), Apr 1990, 124–32. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur:A unique martyr. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 3–5. Sharma, Sri Ram. Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 120–21. Sublok, N.N. Supreme sacriﬁce. Spokesman Weekly, 33(15), 12 Dec 1983, 6. Sutantar Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A living martyr. Spokesman Weekly, 26(20–21), Republic Day Supplement, 1977, 9–10. Talib, Gurbachan Singh, Ed. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Background and the supreme sacriﬁce: A collection of research articles. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. 268p. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Tegh Bahadur: Martyr and teacher. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 211p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and martyr. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1967. 358p. Trilochan Singh. S. Sher Singh’s questions on new light on Guru Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom. Sikh Review, 37(3), Mar 1989, 53–59. Zail Singh. Unparalleled martyrdom. Secular Democracy, 1 Dec 1975, 20–21. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 15–16.

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2.9.2. Teachings Brahma Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His virtues and Bani. Spokesman Weekly, 32(12), 22 Nov 1982, 4. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A brief account of his life and teachings. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1975. 24p. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His vision and teaching. Sikh Courier, 9(3), Sum–Aut 1978, 4–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 37(5), Oct 12, 1987, 5–6. Harbans Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: His teachings and vision. Sikh Review, 26(300), Dec 1978, 5–10. Harindar Kaur. Teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 24(14), 16–23 Dec 1974, 8. Narula, Daljit Singh. Message of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(15), Guru Tegh Bahadur Number 1975, 46. Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth king spiritual. Panjab Past and Present, 9(11), Apr 1975, 1–16. Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, 1908. 79p. Sagar, S.S. A fresh look into the arrangement of Hukamnamas of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Journal of Sikh Studies, 21(1), Feb 1997, 13–56. Santokh Singh. Relevance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s teachings to modern age. Spokesman Weekly, 26(12), 29 Nov 1976, 10. Sharma, Sri Ram. Guru Tegh Bahadur and his teachings. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 26–31. Trilochan Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Young Sikh Review, Dec 1981, 19–21. 2.9.3. Travels Attar Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh. Lahore: Indian Public Opinion Press, 1876. 137p. Attar Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 17–18. Bhag Singh. Back to Anandpur. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 53–55. Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar. Guru Tegh Bahadur in Assam. Panjab Past and Present, 9(1), Apr 1975, 125–33. Brahma Singh. Travels of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Spokesman Weekly, 25(7), 22 Dec, 1975, 4. Gupta, Hari Ram. Rumbling of imperial wrath and back to Makhowal. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 61–64. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s itinerary. Journal of Sikh Studies, 3(2), Aug 1976, 179–81. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s missionary tours. Sikh Review, 33(384), Dec 1985, 25–29.

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Kulraj Singh. Guru’s journey to the East. Sikh Review, 23(264), Dec 1975, 33–52. Mann, Arjan Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Assam Pradesh. Amritsar: Sikh Publishing House, 1959. 318p. 2.9.4. Relation with Aurangzeb Harchand Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Aurangzeb: Man of uncommon determination. Sikh Review, 30(348), Dec 1982, 29–35. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 32(15), 13 Dec 1983, 4–5. Harchand Singh. Man of uncommon determination: Guru Tegh Bahadur and emperor Aurangzeb. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(2), Aug 1982, 97–105. Kirpal Singh. Saif Khan and his relations with Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 10th session, 1976, 109–114. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Martyr and emperor. Spokesman Weekly, 25(34), 19 Apr 1976, 3–5 & 11. Ranbir Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur and Aurangzeb. Young Sikh Review, Dec 1980, 17–23.

2.10. Guru Gobind Singh Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh’s ameliorative genius. Sikh Review, 26(289), Jan 1978, 37–38. Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh: Scholar, saint and soldier. Sikh Review, 27(312), Dec 1979, 51–53. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Democrat and patriot. Spokesman Weekly, 27(47), 1978, 5. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An eminent scholar. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 3(4), Mar 1982, 33–36. Ahluwalia, Mohan Jit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The enlightened reformer. Sikh Review, 26(289), Jan 1978, 44–47. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet & statesman. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 27–30. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh: A saint soldier. Vedanta Kesari (Madras), 76, Dec 1989, 474–79. Ajit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet and versatile hero. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953–54, 2. Allen, Marguerite. Guru Gobind Singh and the new year. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953–54, 4. Anand, Balwant Singh. Image of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 31(366), 1982, 17–18; and 32(364), Apr 1984, 9–14. Anand, J.S. Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 6–11. Ardaman Singh. Peep into Sikhism: The failure of the Guru? Victory of Guru Gobind Singh: Unity in tolerance and culture. Patiala: Guru Nanak Mission, 1978. 27p. Arshi, Nirvair Singh. The master with many ﬁrsts. Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 11–14.

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Attar Singh. Sakhi Namah: Sakhee book, or the description of Guru Gobind Singh’s religion and doctrines. (Translated from Gurmukhi into Hindi and afterwards into English). Banaras: Medical Hall Press, 1873. 205p. Aulakh, Ajit Singh. Illustrated stories from the life of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 1998. 96p. Bains, J.S. Political ideas of Guru Gobind Singh. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 4, 1967, 127–42. Also in Sikh Review, 22(244), Mar 1974, 29–38. Bakshi, S.R. and Sangh Mitra. Guru Gobind Singh. Vol. 9 of Saints of India. New Delhi: Clarion Press, 2002. Bal, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s relation with the Punjab Hill States. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 25–29. Balbir Singh and Mohinder Kaur. Message of Guru Govind Singh and other essays. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Baldev Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and socialist movement. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 21. Baldev Singh. The life of Guru Gobind Singh and the Baisakhi celebrations. Heritage (Singapore), 6, 1984, 5–14. Balkar Singh. Legacy of Guru Gobind Singh: It’s relevance in modern times. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 21–23. Balwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Creator of heroes and martyrs. Spokesman Weekly, 28(33– 34), 1979, 35–36. Banerjee, A.C. Guru Gobind Singh and the Hill Rajas. Sikh Review, 38(3–4), Mar–Apr 1990, 28–32. Banerjee, Hiamdri. Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali literature. Sikh Review, 35(405), Sep 1987, 29–34. Banerjee, Himadri. Guru Gobind Singh in Bengali writings. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. History and culture of Punjab. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1988, pp. 25–32. Also in Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 6(2), Oct 1987, 10–17. Banerjee, Indubhushan. Chronology of Guru Gobind Singh. In his Evolution of Khalsa. Calcutta: A. Mukherjee & Co; 1972. Vol. 2: 168–77. Banerjee, Indubhushan. Guru Gobind Singh: An estimate of his personality and achievements. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 36–38. Banerjee, Kalicharan. Clarion call of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 11(4), 1963, 13–14. Basarke, Narinjan Singh. Sat Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(303), Mar 1979, 8–14. Batra, Ravi. Leadership in the ﬁnest mould: Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: SGPC, 1979. 124p. Bedi, G.S. Guru Gobind Singh: A hero whose worship will bring India peace and contentment. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1934. 20p. Bedi, G.S. Guru Gobind Singh: An appreciation. Sikh Review, 12(125), 1964, 18–23. Bhagat Singh. Catholicity of Guru Gobind Singh: Sikh Review, 7(1), 1959, 11–17.

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Bhagat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The saint-soldier. Spokesman Weekly, 26(15–16), 1976, 15–17. Also in Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 15–19. Bhag Singh. Rishi of Hemkunt. Sikh Review, 35(397), Jan 1987, 5–11. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 32. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The visionary. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 11–14. Bharpur Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The creator of Khalsa. Spokesman Weekly, 5(1), 1955, 24. Bhasin, Rajindar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The prophet, poet and philosopher: A biography. Delhi: Shilalekh, 2000. 207p. Bhatia, Surjeet Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An apostle of universal brotherhood. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 138–45. Bhatia, Surjeet Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s steps for infusing martial spirit. Sikh Review, 37(4), Apr 1989, 41–48. Bir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore: Montgomery Press, 1874. Biswas, Anjan Baran. Guru Gobind Singh and his universal humanism. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 29–31. Brar, Jarnail Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s personality: A psychological interpretation. Sikh Review, 23(253), Jan 1975, 5–10. Burn, Richard. Gobind Singh. In The Cambridge History of India. Delhi: S. Chand, 1975. Vol. 4: 245–47. Chaterjee, Debendranath. Guru Gobind Singh. Chandernagere: Chaterjee, 1950. 121p. Chawla, Ishar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Architect of modern society. Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 43–44. Chawla, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The Sikh radical sensibility. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 55–73. Chopra, Hiralal. Guru Gobind Singh and social reform. Spokesman Weekly, 17(11), 1967, 5. Also in Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 23. Cunningham, J.D. Guru Gobind Singh: The measure of greatness. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 31–32. Daljeet and P.C. Jain. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Aravali Books International, 1999. Das Gupta, R.K. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(305), May 1979, 56–60. Data, Piara Singh. The saint-soldier: Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2004. 128p. Daulat Rai. Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 23(18), 1974, 9–10. Deane, S.F. Saint warrior Guru Gobind Singh. Ambala Cantt.: Dass Brothers, n.d. 112p. Deora, Man Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A literary survey. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1989. 158p. Dharam Paul. Guru Gobind Singh: Embodiment of the highest virtue. Sikh Review, 12(137), 1965, 26–30. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(33), 1964, 58.

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Dharam Singh. An analytical study of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. 228p. Dharam Singh. Dynamics of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1998. 159p. Gajrani, S. Guru Gobind Singh: Personality and vision. Patiala: Vision & Venture, 2000. 160p. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The last phase. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 89–101. Gandhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: A great sociologist. Spokesman Weekly, 13(18–19), 1963, 17–18. Garg, Shankar Lal. Guru Gobind Singh: The national hero. Sikh Review, 18(193), 1969, 5–31. Gill, Nirmal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and impersonalisation of Guruship. Sikh Review, 34(388), Apr 1986, 26–27. Gill, Tejwant Singh. Subramanian Bharati’s poem on Guru Gobind Singh: A comparative study of its subject matter and truth content. Journal of Sikh Studies, 11(2), Aug 1984, 126–32. Gopal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1997. Grewal, K.S. Bibliography of references in Bengali to Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967.13p. Guha, J.C. Guru Gobind Singh: A world hero. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 26–28. Gulcharan Singh. Why Guru Gobind Singh took up sword? Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1990, 35–38. Guleria, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh: The creator of the Khalsa. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(4), Mar 1981, 13–17. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh: The maker of modern Punjab. Spokesman Weekly, 2(1), 1952, 5–6. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A scholar, patriot, poet and reformer. Spokesman Weekly, 4(3), 1954, 41–42. Guru Gobind Singh’s humanism. Sikh Review, 27(301), 1979, 1–2. Guru Gobind Singh in an age of crisis. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 83–87. Habib, Irfan. Documents on the Sikhs and Guru Gobind Singh (From Ahkam-i Alamgiri, 1703– 07.) In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 96–99. Habib, Irfan. Guru Gobind Singh: Notice by Bhimsen, 1708. In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 104–105. Habib, Irfan. The martial exploit and tragic end of a “Son” of Guru Gobind Singh, 1708 (from Abdu’r Rasul, Nairang-i Zamana). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 100–03. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Oneness of humankind: The universal principle as enunciated by Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 47(4), 1999, 20–25. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1966. 183p.

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Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a man of action. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 2(4), Mar 1981, 10–12. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 16(177), 1968, 10–15. Harcharan Singh. No place for personal Guruship after Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 22(382), Oct 1985, 10–13. Harindar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The upholder of secularism. Sikh Review, 17(181), 1968, 19–21. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 28. Harnam Dass. Guru Gobind Singh: The ideal saint-soldier. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 1956, 21–22. Hartirath Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and secularism. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 9(3), 1990, 16–21. Hazara Singh. Rediscovering Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 36(412), Apr 1988, 21–26. Hoon, V.N. Guru Gobind Singh: The true democrat and Karamyogi. Spokesman Weekly, 31(16), 1982, 11–15. Hoon, V.N. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 13–26. Hukam Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s ideals and achievements. Spokesman Weekly, 3(14–15), 1953, 7. Jagjit Singh. Advent of Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Emancipatory basis of Sikh struggle. Sikh Review, 52(1), Jan 2004, 21–28. Jagjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A miraculous psychologist. Spokesman Weekly, 16(42), 1967, 6. Jasjit Kaur. The impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian society. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(2), 2001, 124–29. Jaspal, Partap Singh. Eternal glory of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the Khalsa. New Delhi: Reliance Publishing House, 1999. 126p. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Light of the universe. Delhi: Wellwish Publishers, 2000. 143p. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Vision, mind and personality. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 130–. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Enkay, 1987. 236p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A multi-faceted personality. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1999. 146p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. New Delhi: Marwah Publications, 1978. 248p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An undying spirit. Delhi: Arsee Publishers, 1999. 128p. Kapoor, Satish K. The hero and the ideal: An interpretation of Swami Vivekananda’s views of Guru Gobind Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 12(2), Aug 1985, 67–76. Kapoor, Sukhbir S. Guru Gobind Singh. Edgware: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain, 1996. 22p.

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Kartar Singh. Story of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1995. 94p. Kharak Singh. Nash doctrine: Guru Gobind Singh’s gift of ﬁve freedoms. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 20(1), 2001, 72–91. Khullar, Pranav. The miracle wrought by Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 23–24. Khushwant Singh. Gobind Singh. In Encyclopedia of Religions. New York: Macmillan, 1987. Vol. 13: 331–33. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 25(60), Aut–Win 1985, 19–20. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(328), Apr 1981, 13–18; and 35(397), Jan 1987, 13–18. Khushwant Singh and Vir Singh. Homage to Guru Gobind Singh. Bombay: Jaico, 1970. 100p. 2nd Ed. Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the eminent historians. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1951, 16. Kirpal Singh. Signiﬁcance of contemporary Persian sources relating to Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 44(94), Aut–Sum 2002, 27–30. Ladha Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the democracy in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 65; and 18(33), 1969, 53. Lakshman Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The saviour. Sikh Review, 8(1), 1959, 17–22. Latif, Syed Mohd. Guru Gobind Singh: Birth of a nation. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 32–33. Loehlin, C.H. Guru Gobind Singh: A great prophet, hero and liberator. Spokesman Weekly, 16(37), 1967, 5–7. Loehlin, C.H. The tenth Guru Gobind Singh and the growth of Khalsa brotherhood. Ph.D. Thesis. Hartford Seminary Foundation, 1957. Maheep Singh. The doctrine of war as propounded by Sri Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 111–24. Mahinder Singh. A glimpse of Sri Dasmesh. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 24–27. Maini, Darshan Singh. Star over Patna: Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 25(408), Dec 1987, 7–12. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Achievements of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 18(189), Apr 1969, 26–27. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(180), 1969, 14; and 18(189), 1969, 26–27. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His basic ideas. Spokesman Weekly, 25(19), 1976, 17–18. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh and Dharamjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Cosmic hero. New Delhi: India Book House, 1967. 140p. Mehta, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his vision. Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 23–24. Mehtab Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great humanitarian: Sikh Review, 6(4), 1958, 36–39. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(18–19), 1963, 24. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his creation. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 10–14.

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Nadkarni, S.K. Guru Gobind Singh: The saint soldier. Sikh Review, 18(194), Sep 1969, 12–15. Nagi, Gurdeep Kaur. Relevance of Guru Gobind Singh today. Spokesman Weekly, 29(21), 1980, 4. Narain Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The warrior saint. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 42p. Narang, Des Raj. Charisma of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 28–29. Narang, Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique builder. Spokesman Weekly, 16(40), 1967, 5. Narayan, Visanji. Guru Gobind Singh. Bombay: The author, 1928. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Aims and activity of Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 31–36. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh injunction against smoking. Spokesman Weekly, 25(19), 1976, 35. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique nation builder. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 97–101. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Relations of Guru Gobind Singh with contemporary Hill Chiefs as depicted in Sri Gur Sabha. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 20th session, 1986, 105–10. Nihal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 13–20. Onkar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A true servant of God. Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 37–38. Onkar Singh. Saint soldiers of the tenth master. Sikh Review, 50(1), Jan 2002, 28–30. Param Bakhshish Singh and R.K. Ghai. Guru Gobind Singh and the Sikh polity. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, 1987, 159–62. Parkash Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great spiritual leader, a unique builder. Spokesman Weekly, 18(18), 1968, 29–30. Partap Singh. The vision of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Sikh Review, 51(8), Aug 2003, 9. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s culture and Vir-ras. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 15. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh: The consummate artist. Sikh Review, 8(4), 1960, 8–11. Phul, Tarlok Singh. Renunciation of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 18(191), Jun 1969, 14–16. Prabhjot Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 14(153), 1966, 26–30. Puran Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Reﬂection and offerings. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1966. 119p. Raghubir Singh. Max Arthur Macauliffe on Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 21st session, 1987, 102–105. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the structure of Sikhism. Sikh Review, 9(4), 1961, 20–22. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His struggle for secularism. Sikh Review, 5(4), 1957, 32–26.

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Rajnish Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh: The conﬂuence of Bhakti, Shakti and Sarsvati. Sikh Review, 26(292), 1978, 33–34. Rakshit, A.C. Guru Gobind Singh. Lahore: Sikh Tract Society, 1919. Ramdev, Jaginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A descriptive bibliography. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 260p. Ranganathananda, Swami. Swami Vivekananda on Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 35(397), Jan 1987, 31(33). Sachkhandi, Parkash. The glazing light of divine region: Guru Gobind Singh. Sargodha: Punjab Kav Phulwari, n.d. 24p. Safeer, Pritam Singh. The tenth master. New Delhi: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1983. 128p. Sanehi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh as an historian. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 26th session, 1994, 104–109. Santokh Singh. Bed time stories I: (Guru Gobind Singh). Birmingham: Sikh Missionary Resource Centre, 1991. 78p. Saran Singh. Rivers in the life of Guru Gobind Singh: A personal experience. Sikh Review, 37(1), Jan 1989, 18–20. Sarangal, Tilak Raj and Sewa Ram Sarangal. Guru Gobind Singh: The Sikh heritage & faith. Lehra Gaga, District Sangrur, Punjab: Chehre Prakashan, 1999. 134p. Seetal, Sohan Singh. Prophet of man: Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Lyall Book Depot, 1968. 400p. Sekhon, Sant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s prayer. Journal of Religious Studies, 21, Spr 1992, 49–56. Sethi, Amarjit Singh. Study of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 6–12. Sewak, S.N. Guru Gobind Singh: The apostle of universal brotherhood. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 118p. Shagana Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and Bhim Chand Kahluria. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, 1991, 107–112. Shamsher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A saint soldier. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(2), Jul–Dec 2003. Also in Sikh Review, 32(361), 1984, 6–12. Shan, Harnam Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’ sermon on the mount. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 11–22. Sharma, Amrita. The life and teachings of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Learners Press, 1998. 71p. Sharma, Inderjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The mighty crusader. Spokesman Weekly, 16(32– 33), 1967, 56. Also in Sikh Review, 16(174), 1968, 5–7. Sher Singh. Facets of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 2(1), 1953, 17–13; and 7(8), 1959, 78–95. Sher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s personality. Sikh Review, 3(1), 1955, 41–45. Sidhu, Shusheel Kaur. Spirit of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 25(279), 1977, 43–45.

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Sikka, Ajit Singh. Forty ballads about Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Sikka Publishing House, 1995. 64p. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: India’s prophet of destiny. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 30–32. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: The shaper of the psyche of the cyclonic Sikhs. Sikh Review, 30(352), 1983, 45–47. Sodhi, S.S. Saintliness of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 20(325), 1981, 25–26. Also in Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Oct–Dec 1996, 36–39. Subeg Singh. Social and political thought of Guru Gobind Singh. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1985. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Creator of a new order. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), 1991, 24–27. Talib, Gurbachan Singh. The impact of Guru Gobind Singh on Indian society: A socio-ethical interpretation of the Sikh religion. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999. 126p. Trilochan Singh. Creative genius of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1964, 27–33. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh on history. Spokesman Weekly, 7(1), 1957, 11. Also in Sikh Review, 7(1), 1958, 25–31. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh ﬁrst encounter with Banda based on Bhai Nath’s bardic song: Safarnamah in Persian. Sikh Review, 36(409), Jan 1988, 5–14. Trilochan Singh. Personality of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 5(15), 1955, 21; Sikh Review, 2(4), 1954, 25–26. Ujjal Singh. Impact of Guru Gobind Singh in Indian society. Spokesman Weekly, 16(28), 1967, 5–6. Uppal. S.S., Ed. Guru Gobind Singh: The saviour. New Delhi: SGTB Khalsa College, 1969. 244p. Vaswani, T.L. Greatness of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1965, 4–20. Vaswani, T.L. Gobind Singh: The Guru. Sikh Review, 34(385), Jan 1986, 5–16; and 32(364), 1984, 16–26. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Gobind Singh: A soldier of the spirit. Sikh Review, 50(1), 2002, 23–24. Vaswani, T.L. Guru Gobind Singh: A world hero. Sikh Review, 5(12), 1957, 3–7. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh in history. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1989. 268p. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh on the canvas of history. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1995. 200p. 2.10.1. Biography Agnihotri, H.L. and Chand R. Agnihotri. Guru Gobind Singh, his life and Bani. Hisar: Gopal Prakashan, 1996. 231p. Anand, J.S. Times of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 7–11. Balbir Singh. Gobind Singh: The life sketch. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 12–15.

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Balbir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s life at Anandpur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 19(38–39), 1970, 11. Bal, S.S. Problem of Sikh headquarters during Guru Gobind Singh’s proliferating. Sikh Review, 18(188), Mar 1969, 13–23. Banerjee, A.C. Last years of Guru Gobind Singh. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1–2), Feb–Aug 1980, 68–78. Banerji, Indu Bhushan. Guru Gobind Singh: An estimate of his personality and achievement. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 36–38. Bhinder, K.S. Last days of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 18–19. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh, 1666–1708. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 40p. Dalip Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh ji. Amritsar: Bhai Chatter Singh, Jiwan Singh, 2002. Dalip Singh. Life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 8(12), 1960, 5–26; and 22(242), 1974, 6–21. Doabia, Harbans Singh. Life story of Sri Satguru Gobind Singh Ji Maharaj and some of his hymns. Chandigarh: The author, 1974. 68p. Duggal, Kartar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. In his Sikh Guru: Their lives and teachings. New Delhi: Vikas, 1980, pp. 186–214. Fateh Singh. Brief life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Amritsar: Punjab Translating and Publishing House, 1926. 176p. Fauja Singh. Date of birth of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 53–54. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s death at Nanded. An examination of succession theories. Faridkot: Guru Nanak Foundation, 1973. 136p. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The last phase. Panjab Past and Present, 17(1), Apr 1983, 1–14. Ganda Singh. Last days of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: The Durbar, 1941. Gopal Singh. Prophet of hope: The life of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 80p. Gopal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1969. 140p. 3rd Ed. Grewal, J.S. and S.S. Bal. Guru Gobind Singh: A biographical study. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1967. 280p. Gulati, S.P. Guru Gobind Singh: Life and achievements. Delhi: National Book Shop, 1999. 2 Vols. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh’s early life. In his History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Gurus, 1469–1708. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984, pp. 224–47. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a father. Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 15–17. Habib, Irfan. Guru Gobind Singh and his family, after his death to 1759–60 (From Chaturman, Chahar Gulshan). In J. S. Grewal and Irfan Habib, Eds. Sikh history from Persian sources: Translations of major texts. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2001, pp. 163–68. Jagjit Singh, K. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. Bombay: Pritpal Kaur, 1967. 199p.

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Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A biography. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 226p. Johar, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A study. New Delhi: Marwah Publications, 1979. 248p. Kapil Sastry, T.V. Guru Gobind Singh: A life sketch. Sikh Review, 11(1), 1963, 4–16. Kartar Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Ludhiana: Lahore Book Shop, 1968. 306p. 3rd Ed. Khushwant Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The man. Sikh Review, 51(2), Feb 2003, 32–36. Kirpal Singh. Early life of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Courier, 45(95), Spr–Sum 2003, 25–28. Also in Panjab Past and Present, 31(1), Apr 2000, 25–30. Kirpal Singh. Facts about martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 4(1), 1956, 32–37. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Life and ideals of Guru Gobind Singh. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1986. 148p. Kohli, Surinder Singh and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. Guru Gobind Singh: His life, personality and achievement. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1977. 135p. Kulraj Singh. Life story of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 26(289), 1978, 5–10. Kunt Singh. Life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 4(1), 1965, 5–19. Lakshman Singh. Short sketch of the life and work of Guru Gobind Singh: The tenth and the last Guru of Sikhs. Lahore: Tribune Steam Press, 1909. 186p. (Reprinted by Language Department Punjab, 1970). Maan, Arjan Singh. Short life-sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Calcutta: Bengal Sikh Missionary Association, n.d. 20p. Mahinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’ life: A beacon light of history. Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 20. Maini, Darshan Singh. A biographical sketch of Guru Gobind Singh for children. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 25p. Maini, Darshan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The word, the seed and the song. Sikh Courier, 40(89), Spr–Sum 2000, 36–40. Malcolm, John. Guru Gobind. In his Sketch of the Sikhs: Their origin, customs and manners. Chandigarh: Vinay Publications, 1981, pp. 33–62. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Hemkunt Press, 1976. Nair, Durga Parshad. Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Sikh Review, 12, Apr 1964, 67–74. Nair, Durga Parshad. Panoramic view of Guru Gobind Singh’s life. Sikh Review, 12(125), 1964, 4–14. Natesan, G.A. Guru Gobind Singh. In Ramanand to Ram Tirth: Lives of the saints of Northern India including the Sikh Gurus. Madras: The author, n.d., pp. 140–69. Peace, M.L. When Guru Gobind Singh had to live on ﬂowers. Sikh Review, 9(2), 1962, 52–55. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s installation. Sikh Review, 9(12), 1961, 41–48. Preparatory years of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 16–20. Puran Singh. Tenth Master. Ludhiana: Sahitya Sangam, 1960. 175p.

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Puran Singh. Life and teachings of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency. n.d. Puran Singh. Victory of faith or the story of the martyrdom of four sons of Shri Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa Agency, 1908. 51 + 15p. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His lifework. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 27–28. Rattan Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s life supreme Tapasiya. Sikh Review, 16(178), 1968, 42–45. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 17(32), 1968, 59–66. Sahib Singh. Life history of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 15(34), 1966, 5, 10; 15(35), 1966, 5–6; 15(36), 1966, 5,11; 15(37), 1966, 5, 11; 15(38), 1966, 8–9, 15; 15(39), 1966, 5; 15(40), 1966, 5; and 15(41–48), 1966. Sahib Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Life history, his mission and signiﬁcance of four breeches and ﬁve symbols of Khalsa discipline. Jullundur: Raj Publishers, 1967. 255p. Satbir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His life and message. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 48–50. Sher Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: His life sketch. Amritsar: Jaidev Singh, n.d. 40p. Sher Singh. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: The author, 1932. 158p. Singh, G.B. and D.R. Narang. Correct date of birth of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 125–44. Also in Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 24th session, March 1991, 98–106. Sodhi, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh: India’s prophet of destiny. Sikh Review, 51(12), Dec 2003, 30–32. Taran Singh. Education of Guru Gobind Singh and other Sikh Gurus. Spokesman Weekly, 7(1) 1957, 14. Teja Singh. Life story of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 8(1), 1950, 3–16. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s assassination. Sikh Review, 11(10), 1963, 13–38. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A life sketch. Sikh Review, 32(337), 1982, 5–23. Trilochan Singh. Brief life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, 1968. 36p. Trilochan Singh and Anurag Singh. A brief account of life and works of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh, 2002. Wylam, P.M. Life of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 10(1), 1962, 8–18. 2.10.2. Philosophy Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh and survival ethos. Sikh Review, 23(253), 1975, 45–47. Advani, K.V. Guru Gobind Singh and spiritual awakening. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 16–17. Amarjit Singh. Universal and humanistic element in the writings of the tenth Guru. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 79–88. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(22), 27 Jan 1986. Astha, Dharam Pal. Guru Gobind Singh’s new conception of God: The lord of war. Sikh Review, 10(1), 1962, 32–33.

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Astha, Dharam Pal. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of unity and mankind. Sikh Review, 10(4), 1962, 31–33. Attar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s vision of religious evolution of man. Panjab University Journal of Medieval Indian Literature, 4(1–2), 1980, 85–97. Also in Sikh Courier, 34(78), Aut– Win, 1994, 17–22. Avtar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s theory of Karma. Sikh Review, 23(256), 1975, 32–36. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 36(39), Jun 8, 1987, 3–5; and in Sardar S. Bhatia and Anand Spencer, Eds. The Sikh tradition: A continuing reality. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1999, pp. 193– 200. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Gobind Singh and the Shakti cult. Sikh Review, 24(268), 1976, 21–29; and 29(328), 1981, 24–33. Chhabra, G.S. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 14(19–20), 1965, 18; and 15(31–32), 1966, 41. Dalip Singh. Guru Gobind Singh conception of an ideal man and an ideal holy order. Sikh Review, 6(6), 1958, 45–48. Deol, Gurdev Singh. Political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 40(4), Apr 1992, 5–12. Dharam Singh. Social philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 19(2), 2000, 65–77. Ganda Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s heroic conception of divine. Spokesman Weekly, 30(28), 1981, 5. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of God. Spokesman Weekly, 32(16), 1982, 17. Goel, Dharamendra. Guru Gobind Singh: The mystic will. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(2), Oct 1985, 74–78. Iqbal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of God. Spokesman Weekly, 25(32–33), 1976, 43–44. Kapoor, S.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of an ideal man. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1984. Khan, Abdul Majid. Muslim devotees of Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 12(2), Oct 1978, 402–404. Loehlin, C.H. Guru Gobind Singh and the Bhagawad Gita. Sikh Review, 30(348), Dec 1982, 24–28. Maheep Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s vision of the Saint Soldier. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 29. Matharu, Dharam Singh. An analytical study of the social thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1993. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of Devi and miracles. Spokesman Weekly, 16(23), 1967, 9–12. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of time, history and religion. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(1), Jan–Jun 1991, 48–61.

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Muthumohan, N. Spirituo-temporal synthesis in the thought of Guru Gobind Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(4), Oct–Dec 2001, 26–31. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A unique nation builder. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 10(2), Jul–Dec 1991, 97–101. Neki, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh’s metaphysics of time and eternity. Sikh Review 48(3), Mar 2000. Paramjeet Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Jul–Sep 1999, 20–26. Paramvir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s philosophy of Subh Karman. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1994. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 24(271), 1976, 5–12. Pritam Kaur. Philosophy of action and Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 21(31), 1972, 37–38. Ranbir Singh. Glimpses of Guru Gobind Singh. In his Glimpses of the divine masters: Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh, 1469–1708. New Delhi: International Traders, 1965, pp. 220– 378. Rao, K.L. Seshagiri. Religious dialogue & the Sikh perspective: Vision of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 12–17. Ray, Niharranjan. Guru Gobind Singh and after in Sikh society Sikh Review, 38(1), Jan 1990, 9–28. Saigal, Ram Lal. Guru Gobind Singh and the equality of mankind. Sikh Review, 22(242), 1974, 30–34. Sangat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s universal humanism. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 106–108. Sangat Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of God as Lord of war. Spokesman Weekly, 20(31), 1971, 26. Shamsuddin. Guru Gobind Singh: Saviour of humanity. Sikh Review, 24(268), Apr 1976, 16–18. Sher Singh. Social and political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Delhi: Sterling, 1967. 283p. Singha, Amrit. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of death. Sikh Review, 21(230), 1973, 15–16. Swarn Singh. Political philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 28(30), 1979, 3–4. Taran Singh. Philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 12(13), 1964, 4–13; 26(289), 1978, 11–18; and 32(337), 1982, 26–32. Tiwana, Paramjit Kaur. Educational philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh and its impact on present thinking in education. Ph.D. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1996. 414p. Trilochan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s conception of an ideal man and an ideal holy order. Sikh Review, 6(4), 1958, 10–21; 6(8), 1958, 15–21; and 6(9), 1958, 51–59; Trilochan Singh. Social philosophy of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 27(312), 1979, 18–35.

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Wazir Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of nation. In his Philosophy of Sikh Religion. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publishers, 1981, pp. 111–16. Wazir Singh. Value system of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 29–35. 2.10.3. Travels Bajwa, Fauja Singh, Ed. Travels of Guru Gobind Singh. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1968. 38p. Darbara Singh. Guru Gobind Singh goes to Deccan. Spokesman Weekly, 30(32–33), 1981, 17–18. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh at Agra. Spokesman Weekly, 29(31), 1980, 5–6. Gupta, Hari Ram. Guru Gobind Singh in Hakhi Jungle (April 1705). Sikh Review, 20(219), 1972, 12–14. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s visit to Rawalsar. Spokesman Weekly, 15(31–32), 1966, 43–44, 46. Ladha Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s return from Patna to Anandpur. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 25. Martyn, J.A.K. Guru Gobind Singh and Paonta. Panchbati Sandesh. 2(2), Oct 1979, 29–36. Nahar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s visit to Rawalsar (Mandi State). Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 29p. Ranjit Singh. Why Guru Gobind Singh went to Deccan? Spokesman Weekly, 5(1), 1955, 21–22. Sukhdial Singh. Oral traditions as a source of Guru Gobind Singh’s travels. Panjab Past and Present, 19(2), Oct 1985, 309–314. 2.10.4. Teachings Balbir Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Panchbati Sandesh, Apr–Jun 1998, 2–7. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 39–40; Sikh Review, 27(312), 1979, 5–11; 30(348), 1982, 5–11; and in Sachkhand Patra, Jul 1986, 11–16. Buxi, Lochan Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh: The saint soldier. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 18(1), 1999, 70–76. Dharam Paul. Tenth Guru and his teachings. Spokesman Weekly, 7(14–15), 1957, 28. Gurdial Singh. Religious views of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(36), 1967, 5–6. Hazara Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 20(222), 1972, 31–33; and 26(280), 1978, 28–30. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 37(14), Guru Gobind Singh Number 1987, 17–18. Hazara Singh. Thus spake Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 29(16–17), 1979, 19–20; and 21(17), 1971, 31–32. Ishar Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 29(16–17), 1979, 15–17. Kohli, Surinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s message. Spokesman Weekly, 33(19–20), 19–20.

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Panikkar, K.M. Guru Gobind Singh: The great Sikh teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 10(1), 1960, 3–4, 30. Satbir Singh. Sri Dasmesh: His life and message. Sikh Review, 37(1), Jan 1989, 9–13. Taran Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great teacher. Spokesman Weekly, 10(49), 1960, 33. 2.10.5. As Poet Astha, Dharam Pal. Aesthetic evaluation of Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 28(316), 1980, 27–38; and 31(349), 1983, 35–48. Attar Singh. Poetic art of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 16(21–22), 1967, 21–22. Bhardwaj, Ramdatt. Guru Gobind Singh as a writer. Sikh Review, 26(289), 1978, 52–54. Gurcharan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 2(22), 1952, 4. Harbans Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry of worship and chivalry. Panchbati Sandesh, 10(3), Jan 1988, 4–8. Also in Sikh Review, 27(301), 1979, 17–20. Jaggi, Ratan Singh. Nationalistic spirit in the poetry of Guru Gobind Singh. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (Simla), 4, 1967, 154–63. Jeet, Gurmukh Singh. Glimpses of Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 17(19), 1968, 29–30. Joginder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Spokesman Weekly, 2(50–51), 1952, 29. Maheep Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and his Hindi poetry. Spokesman Weekly, 13(21), 1964, 10. Mehta, Puran Chand Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The poet laureate. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 25 & 37. Mehtab Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: A great poet. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 6(3), 1956, 78. Mohan, Lajja Devi. Shri Guru Gobind Singh as a Hindi poet. Vishvesvaranand Indological Journal, 13(1–2), 1975, 200–215. Mohinder Pal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: The soul stirring poet. Organiser, 7 Nov, 1977, 33. Oberoi, Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh as a poet. Lahore: University Sikh Association, 1932. 15p. Paul, J.S. Poetic works of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 24(17), 1975, 25. Peace, M.L. Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry. Sikh Review, 11(1), 1963, 34–39. Rahman, Mujibur. Guru Gobind Singh and his contribution to Persian literature. Sikh Review, 29(325), 1981, 39–47. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: An epic poet. Spokesman Weekly, 28(19–20), 1979, 18. 2.10.6. Mission Balbir Singh. Message of Guru Gobind Singh. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 9(2), Oct 1990, 90–94. Dharmanant Singh. Glimpses of the mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 24(276), Dec 1976, 12–15.

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Jagjit Singh. The mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 38(12), Dec 1990, 5–15. Kapoor, Sukhbir Singh. Mission of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1986, 11. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Mission of Guru Gobind Singh in historical perspective. Spokesman Weekly, 26(31–32), 1977, 15–16. Rajinder Singh. Guru Gobind Singh: Aim and method. Spokesman Weekly, 33(19–20), 1984, 15–16. 2.10.7. Battles Dhillon, Dalbir Singh and Shangana Singh Bhullar. Battles of Guru Gobind Singh New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1990. 129p. Fauja Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s military genius. Sikh Review, 32(337), Jan 1982, 33–39. Iqbal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s cult and militarism. Spokesman Weekly, 23(18), 1974, 23–24. Johar, Surinder Singh. Battle of Chamkaur Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 26(15–16), 1976, 29–30. Kharag, Ranjit Singh. Battle of Bhagnani. Spokesman Weekly, 6(3), 1956, 27–28. Peace, M.L. Battle of Chamkaur. Sikh Review, 8(2), 1960, 43–48. Rajinder Singh. Battle of Bhagnani. Spokesman Weekly, 14(20), 1965, 19–20. Ranjit Singh. War policy and military genius of Guru Gobind Singh. Spokesman Weekly, 12(33), 1963, 29–30, 66. Sardul Singh (Caveeshar). Battle of life: How Guru Gobind Singh ji fought it: Military aspects of Sikhism. Lahore: Ranjit Press, 1919. 28p. Did or did not Guru Gobind Singh die at Nanded? Sikh Review, 20(218), 1972, 2–3. Shagana Singh. Nature and the impact of the battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 22nd session, 1988, 74–79. Sunder Singh. Battles of Guru Gobind Singh. Amritsar: Khalsa College Research Department, 1935. 78p. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Battle of Nadaum: First victory of Guru Gobind Singh against the Mughal. Panjab Past and Present, 20(1), Apr 1986, 69–74. Also in Sikh Review, 38(12), Dec 1990, 16–19; and Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number, 1986, 25–26. Virdi, Harbans Singh. Battles on blue steed. Chandigarh: Writer’s Foundation, 1999. 117p. 2.10.8. Relations with Mughal Emperors Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Sikhs and the Muslim state. Sikh Review, 21(239), Oct 1973, 5–19. Banerjee, Anil Chandra. Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal empire. Sikh Review, 33(382), Oct 1985, 31–33. Fauja Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s struggle with the Mughals with special reference to his art of warfare. Missionary, 3(9), Dec 1961, 71–82. Grewal, J.S. Bahadur Shah and Guru Gobind Singh. In his From Guru Nanak to Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Essays in Sikh History. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1972, pp. 67–71.

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Grewal, J.S. Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. In J.S. Grewal and Indu Banga, Eds. History and ideology: The Khalsa over 300 years. New Delhi: Tulika Books, 1999, pp. 35–39. Gurmit Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and Emperor Bahadur Shah. Spokesman Weekly, 35(32–33), Baisakhi Number 1986, 17–33. Harpreet Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with Aurangzeb. Panjab Past and Present, 18(1), Apr 1984, 17–33. Joginder Singh. Revealing dialogue between Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(4), Mar 1983, 29–30. Kapur Singh. Letters of Guru Gobind Singh to Aurangzeb. Sikh Review, 28(318), 1980, 49–56. Kartar Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughals. Chandigarh: Guru Gobind Singh Foundation, 1967. 130p. Kirpal Singh. Political aspect of Bahadur Shah’s relations with Guru Gobind Singh. Sikh Review, 34(385), Jan 1986, 27–33. Kirpal Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s relation with Bahadur Shah as emperor. Sikh Review, 29(325), Jan 1981, 50–51. Letters of Guru Gobind Singh to Aurangzeb. Sikh Review, 34(396), Dec 1986, 75–82. Nannar, Harpreet Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with Emperor Bahadur Shah. Sikh Review, 30(352), 1983, 38–44. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 13(16), 1982, 27–30. Nayyar, Gurbachan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh’s response to Mughal despotism. Spokesman Weekly, 31(76), 1982, 22. Surjit Singh. Sikh-Mughal relations. Sikh Review, 21(241), Dec 1973, 43–47. Surma, M.S. Guru Gobind Singh and Bahadur Shah. Spokesman Weekly, 20(18), 1971, 29–30. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh’s relations with emperor Aurangzeb. Sikh Courier, 31(72), Aut–Sum 1991, 12–14. Verma, Devinder Kumar. Khanzada’s expedition: An abortive offensive of the Mughals against Guru Gobind Singh. Panjab Past and Present, 24(2), Oct 1990, 277–83. 2.10.9. Five Beloved Ashok, Shamsher Singh. Panj Piare (the ﬁve beloved). In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 282–84. Grewal, Dalvinder Singh. The ﬁve beloved ones. Sikh Courier, 38(85), Spr–Sum 1998, 16–19. Also in Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 35–38. Gulcharan Singh. Signiﬁcance of ﬁve. Spokesman Weekly, 23(31), 1974, 40. Hardit Singh. Collective authority of Panj Piaras. Sikh Review, 48(3), Mar 2000. Hardit Singh. Institution of Punj Piaras. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 1(4) Oct–Dec 1998, 56–60. Madanjit Kaur. Institution of Panj Piaras: Its potential and present perspective. In Kharak Singh, Ed. Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 144–58. Also in Sikh Review, 44(4), Apr 1996, 17–22.

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Meharvan Singh. Concept of ﬁve in Sikhism. Spokesman Weekly, 29(50), 1980, 5. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Did Bhai Sahib Singh, one of the Panj Piaras hail from Nangal Shahidan? Journal of Sikh Studies, 4(2), Aug 1977, 49–56. Also in Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 19–25. Vaswani, T.L. Beloved ﬁve. Sikh Review, 30(340), Apr 1982, 11–14. 2.10.10. Baptism Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Baptismal Amrit: Sociological signiﬁcance. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 4(1), Apr 1985, 82–84. Brahma Singh. Amrit: The eternalising nostrum. Sikh Review, 27(304), 1979, 17–24. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Amrit: The source of peace and glory. Sikh Review, 46(4), Apr 1998, 39–43. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. The blessing of Guru Gobind Singh’s Amrit. Sikh Review, 49(4), Apr 2001, 18–23. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Signiﬁcance of Amrit. Sikh Review, 50(4), Apr 2002, 25–27. Darbara Singh. Guru Gobind Singh administers Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 29(32–33), 1979, 27–28. Dhillon, Daljit Singh. Amrit: Its meaning and & perception. Sikh Review, 46(7), Jul 1998, 39–41. Dhillon, Daljit Singh. Amrit: Signiﬁcance & perception. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 99–101. Gulcharan Singh. Effects of Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 28(33–34), 1972, 35–36. Gurmukh Singh (Major). Amrit. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1992. Vol. 1: 102–103. Jamna Singh. Guru Gobind Singh Ji & the alchemy of Amrit. Sikh Review, 51(1), Jan 2003, 24–27. Kapur Singh. Administration of Amrit. Sikh Review, 27(304), 1979, 17–24. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Baptism of steel. Spokesman Weekly, 16(32–33), 1967, 19–21; and 21(31), 1972, 23–25. Mohan Singh. Guru Gobind Singh and the elixir of immortality. Spokesman Weekly, 19(13–14), 1959, 27–28. Narain Singh. It is the name—Amrit that makes the Amrit-sarovar bath. Journal of Sikh Studies, 9(1), Feb 1982, 20–28. Parminder Kaur. Guru Gobind Singh’s concept of baptism (Khande-di-pahul ): A comparative perspective. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1991. Peace, M.L. Baptismal ceremony. Spokesman Weekly, 9(13–14), 1959, 55. Rajinder Singh. The alchemy of Amrit. Sikh Review, 18(198), Apr–May 1970, 9–10. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 18(33), 1969, 39. Randhir Singh. The meaning of Sikh baptism. Ludhiana: Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust, 1997. 64p.

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Santokh Singh. Importance of Amrit. Spokesman Weekly, 24(28), 1975, 29. Also in Sikh Review, 23(258), Jun 1975, 22–23. Surjeet Singh. The ingredients of Amrit. In Harbhajan Singh, Ed. The tercentenary of Khalsa: A commemoration. Chennai: Developers India, 1999, pp. 102–109. Tak, Raghubir Singh. Sacrament of Amrit in Sikh society. Sikh Review, 30(341), May 1982, 8–12. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 31(30), Apr 1982, 27–28. Taran Singh. Pahul or Amrit Sanskar. In Harbans Singh, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1997. Vol. 3: 263–66. Wylam, P.M. Spiritual meaning of Amrit. In Mohinder Singh, Ed. Sikh: Forms and symbols. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000, pp. 77–84.

3. Sikh Scriptures & Gurbani Amarjit Singh. Concept of Hukam and the nature of its main facets in Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 28(314), Feb–Mar 1980, 21–23. Amarjit Singh. Concept of Hukam in Sikh sacred literature with special reference to moral responsibility. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1976. Atamjit Singh. Concept of healing in the Sikh scriptures. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(1), Apr 1983, 53–57. Atamjit Singh. Concept of Sikh scriptures. Spokesman Weekly, 37(6), 19 Oct, 1987, 4–5. Banerjee, Himadri. Non Sikh perception of the Sikh sacred literature: A view from Eastern India. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh sacred literature. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 5(2), Oct 1986, 101–108. Banerjee, Himadri. Sikh sacred texts: A view from Eastern India. Paper presented at the Conference on Inner Dynamics of Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev University (Amritsar), Oct 17–19, 2002. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Interpreting Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 42(8), Aug 1994, 25–28. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Scientiﬁc interpretation of Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 40(7), Jul 1992, 5–20. Chahal, Devinder Singh. The Sikh scripture and world peace. Sikh Review, 43(12), Dec 1995, 11–14. Chahal, Devinder Singh. System for referencing Bani from the Granth: The Sikh holy scriptures. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Daljeet Singh. Nam and Sabad. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 2(2), Oct 1983, 40–65. Daljit Singh (Raja). Voice of Gurus: Selected from Sikh scriptures by Raja Sir Daljit Singh and rendered into English by Sir Jogender Singh. Lahore: Model Electric Press, n.d. 93p. Doel, Jeevan. Illustration and illumination in Sikh scriptural manuscripts. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural sources: The question of authenticity. Journal of Religious Studies, 34(1–2), Spr–Aut 2003, 117–27. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition. In Prithipal Singh Kapur and Dharam Singh, Eds. Perspectives on Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 2001, pp. 100–120. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition: Myth and reality. Amritsar: Singh Bros; 1999. 308p. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Early Sikh scriptural tradition: The process of canonization. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(2), 2000, 127–49.

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Dhillon, Balwant Singh. The formation of the Sikh scripture. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Har Sahai Pothi: Myth of early corpus of Sikh scripture. Journal of Sikh Studies, 20(2), 1996, 33–54. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. The Sikh experience of scriptural truth. Journal of Sikh Studies 27(1), 2003, 1–8. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Textual analysis of the Sikh scripture. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 1–10. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Tradition in Gurbani transmission and the rival traditions. Journal of Religious Studies, 31(1–2), 2000, 138–52. Dhillon, Dalbir Singh. Development of illustrations on the Sikh sacred writings. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 16th session, Mar 1982, 156–61. Dusenbery, Verne A. The word as Guru: Sikh scripture and the translation controversy. History of Religions, 31(4), May 1992, 385–405. Fenech, Lou. Persian Sikh scripture: The Ghazals of Bhai Nand Lal Goya. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 1(1), Jan–June 1994, 49–70. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. Concept of God in Sikh scriptures. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 5th session, March 1970, 95–101. Gandhi, Surjit Singh. God in Sikh scriptures. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 4(2), Sep 1982, 47–53. Gobind Singh. Sikh scriptures. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), 29 Annual Number, 1980, 27–30. Gurdev Singh. Activism is integral to the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 52(6), June 2004. Gurdev Singh. The Sikh scripture: Inspiration for action. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 48–59. Harbans Singh. English translation of the Sikh scripture. In K.S. Bedi and S. S. Bal, Eds. Essays on history, literature, art and culture. New Delhi: Atma Ram, 1970, pp. 139–46. Harchand Singh. Understanding of the Sikh scripture. Sikh Courier, 33(75), Spr–Sum 1993, 6–9. Harpinderjit Kaur. The idea of Sikh Rahit in Sri Gurpartap Suraj Granth by Santokh Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1996. 421p. Jodh Singh. Environmental perceptions in the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 43(7), Jul 1995, 15–21. Jhubal, Aridman Singh. Babar Bani as source of history. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 36th session, Mar 2004, 155–68. Johar, Surinder Singh. The holy scriptures. In his Handbook on Sikhs. Delhi: Vivek Publishers, 1977, pp. 43–59. Kapur Singh. Glossary of terms commonly used in Sikh writings. Sikh Review, 22(242), Jan 1974, 55–61. Khanpuri, Jagjit Singh. Understanding the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 41(11), Nov 1993, 28–30.

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Khushwant Singh. Hymns of the Gurus. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2003. 222p. Kohli, Surinder Singh. The Sikh scriptures and other basic religious literature. In his Real Sikhism. New Delhi: Harman Publishing, 1994, pp. 218–28. Kulwant Singh. The Sikh scriptures, literature and modern technology. Journal of Sikh Studies, 24(1), Feb 2000, 1–10. Loehlin, C.H. The Sikhs and their scriptures. Lucknow: Lucknow Publishing House, 1958. 90p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Holy scriptures of the Sikhs. In Darshan Singh, Ed. Western image of the Sikh religion. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1999. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. Holy writings of the Sikhs: A paper partially read before the Aryan section of the Congress of Orientalists in Paris in 1897 and published in “Asiatic Quarterly Review for 1898.” Allahabad: Christian Association Press, 1900. 20p. Macauliffe, Max Arthur. The Sikh religion, its Gurus, sacred writings and authors. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909. 6 Vols. Mann, Gurinder Singh. The making of Sikh scripture. Ph.D. Thesis. New York: Columbia University, 1992. 321p. Mansukhani, Gobind Singh. Study of the Sikh scriptures. Sikh Review, 30(343), Jul 1982, 20–31. McLeod, W.H., Ed. Textual sources for the study of Sikhism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. 166p. Nazar Singh. History of Sikh scripture’s translations: Idea up to Trum pp. Journal of Sikh Studies, 19, 1995, 35–46. Nazer Singh. The Sikh scripture: Early Western understanding. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb 18–20, 2004. Nikky Guninder Kaur Singh. Bhai Vir Singh: Hermeneutic of Sikh scripture. Journal of Religious Studies, 21(2), 1992, 136–54. Nirbhai Singh. Guru-Bani and Bhakata-Bani: A philosophical analysis. Journal of Religious Studies, 22(2), 1991, 20–34. Nirmal Singh. Suffering: A perspective from the Sikh scripture. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(2), Apr–Jun 2003, 50–54. Parveen Kumar. Hymn of cosmology: Maru Solhe Mahala-I. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 197–202. Pashaura Singh. An early Sikh scriptural tradition: The Guru Nanak Dev University manuscript 1245. International Journal of Punjab Studies, 1(2), Jul–Dec1994, 197–222. Peep into Sikhism: A few ﬂowers culled from the holy scriptures. Amritsar: Chief Khalsa Diwan, n.d. 32p. Premka Kaur, Comp. Peace lagoon: The song of Guru Nanak, Guru Amar Das, Guru Arjan and Guru Gobind Singh. California: Spiritual Community, 1974. 223p. 2nd Ed. Pritam Singh. Bhai Banno’s copy of Sikh scripture. Journal of Sikh Studies, 1(2), Aug 1984, 98–115. Rai Jasbir Singh. Genre of Maru Solhe Mahala I. Journal of Sikh Studies, 27(2), 2003, 85–90.

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Sagar, Sabinderjit Singh. Historical analysis of Guru Nanak Parkash by Santokh Singh. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1985. Saran Singh. The Sikh scripture & its revolutionary message. Sikh Review, 41(12), Dec 1993, 7–12. Sauch, Gispert. Scripture as a generic concept. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Shackle, C. Non-Sanskritic vocabulary of the later Sikh Gurus. Bulletin of the School of the Oriental and African Studies (London), XLVII(I), 1984, 76–107. Shan, Harnam Singh. Religion as deﬁned in the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 41(9), Sept 1993, 6–11. Surinder Singh. Methodologies of explicating the Sikh scripture. Sikh Review, 51(9), Sept 2003, 10–14. Trilochan Singh. Selections from the sacred writings of the Sikhs. Revised by George S. Frazer. New York: Aamuel Weiser, 1973. 228p.

3.1. Gurbani Advani, K.V. Empathy and divine melody of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 18(194), Sep 1969, 32–. Bhogal, Balpinder. Interpretative ideals concerning Sikhism and Gurbani. Sikh Bulletin, 13, 1996, 11–15. Bindra, Onkar Singh. Gurbani misinterpreted. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Astrology and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 1(1), Jan–Jun 1999. Chahal, Devinder Singh. System of referencing Gurbani. Sikh Review, 47(5), May 1999, 20–27. Dalip Singh. Concept of God in Gurbani. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 4(3), Jul–Sep 2002, 12–16. Dhaliwal, Avtar Singh. Consciousness and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Tradition in Gurbani transmission and the rival traditions. Journal of Religious Studies, 31(1–2), 2000, 138–52. Gopinder Kaur. How successfully can English translations hope to convey the purpose of Gurbani. Sikh Bulletin, 14, 1997, 14–19. Grewal, Mehar Singh. Scientiﬁc interpretation of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 41(7), Jul 1993, 21–31. Guleria, J.S. Magic of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 28(51), 25 Aug 1980, 3–4. Harbans Lal (Bhai). Elements of meditation in Gurbani: What you should not seek. Sikh Review, 46(3), Mar 1998, 12–15. Harchand Singh. Translation of Gurbani. Sikh Courier, 30(70), Aut–Win 1990, 69–73. Harchand Singh. Understanding Gurbani: A question of approach and methodology. Sikh Review, 41(6), Jun 1993, 17–23.

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Harkirat Singh. Correct pronunciation of Gurbani. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(3), Jul–Sep 2003, 94–96. Harkirat Singh. Phonology of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 28(313), Jan 1980, 26–28. Jameet Singh. Gandhiji’s discovery of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 18(190), May 1969, 11–16. Jasbir Kaur. Theory and practice of education as depicted in Sikh Gurus Bani. Ph.D. Thesis. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1998. 277p. Jodh Singh. Manmukh in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 30(399), Mar 1982, 27–32. Joginder Singh. Coming alive with the Gurbani. Sikh Review, 49(1), Jan 2001, 8–9. Joginder Singh. Gurbani ’s correct interpretation. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 5(1), Jan–Mar 2003, 34–38. Joginder Singh. Gurbani Vichar. Spokesman Weekly, 31(30), 1982, 33–34. Joginder Singh. Healing touch of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 33(16), 19 Dec 1983, 4–5. Kapoor, S.S. Gurbani = God’s word. New Delhi: Hemkunt, 1994. 220p. Khushdeva Singh. Teaching of Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 33(16), 19 Dec 1983, 4–5. Kirpal Singh. Recitation of Gurbani and psychotherapy. Spokesman Weekly, 32(21), 1983, 4–5. Manjeet Singh. Gurbani and science: A study. Delhi: Gurdas Kapur, 1973. 139p. Manjeet Singh. Peep into story of publication of Gurbani and science: A study. New Delhi: The author, 1972. Manmohan Singh. Consciousness of reality and truth in Eastern and Western thought and Gurbani. Understanding Sikhism—The Research Journal, 5(1), Jan–Jun 2003. Manmohan Singh. Faith in age of science: A study of Gurbani. Sikh Review, 52(3), Mar 2004, 9–12. Manmohan Singh. Science in Gurbani. Atam Science, Jan–Mar 2004, 35–37. Mann, T.S. Problem of decoding Gurbani: The revealed word. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, Apr 1995, 80–90. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh. Gurbani in English: Translating celestial poetry. Sikh Review, 48(6) Jun 2000, 15–21. Parwana, Lekh Raj. Cosmic view of life in Gurbani. Spokesman Weekly, 36(47), 3 Aug, 1987, 3–4. Prithipal Singh. Gurbani and science: Some striking comparisons. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 19–24. Rai Jasbir Singh. Scientiﬁc temper and Gurbani. Punjab Past and Present, 29(1–2), Apr–Oct 1995, 39–41. Raina, Amrit. Nature as source of education in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 51(3), Mar 2003, 37–39. Raina, Amrit. Vision of Gursikh in Gurbani. Sikh Review, 47(8), Aug 1999, 14–19. Santokh Singh. Gurbani as guide to administration. Sikh Review, 23(261), Sep 1975, 43–44. Tarninder Singh. Saints and saintliness in Gurbani. Akal Journal of Spiritualism, 1(3), Oct–Dec 2002, 11–13.

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3.2. Guru Granth Sahib Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Guru Granth Sahib. Vedanta Kesari (Madras), 75(11–12), Nov–Dec 1988, 488–92. Ahuja, Jasbir Kaur. Introduction to Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 41(10), Oct 1992, 12–16. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. The eternal Guru: Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 36(50), Aug 24, 1987, 3–4. Ahluwalia, Jasbir Singh. Guru Granth: The religio-cultural heritage of India. Sikh Review, 25(287), Nov 1977, 5–7. Ajeet Singh. Truth as the supreme reality in the Guru Granth Sahib. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 189–90. Alag, Sarup Singh. An introduction to Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Fremont, California: Management and Sangat of Gurdwara Sahib, 1997. 200p. Ali, A. Nam and value system of Guru Granth Sahib. Perspectives on Guru Granth Sahib, 1(1), 2003, 149–56. Amandeep Singh. Philosophical analysis of Maru Solahe in Guru Granth Sahib. M.Phil. Thesis. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1994. Amar Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: The Bible of the Sikhs. Sikh Review, 44((9), Sept 1996, 20–22. Amardeep Singh. Musical framework of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 50(5), May 2002, 25–31. Archer, John Clark. Bible of the Sikhs. Panjab Past and Present, 11(1), Apr 1977, 22–31. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of divine marriage in the Adi Granth. Indian Philosophy & Culture (Vrindaban), 20(3), Sep 1975, 157–63. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of human body in the Adi Granth. Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal (Hoshiarpur), 15(2), Sep 1977, 216–28. Arora, Raj Kumar. Concept of mind in the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 7(1), 1979, 126–32. Also in Spokesman Weekly, 35(20–21), Jan 1986, 21–22. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Nadis in the Adi Granth. Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal (Hoshiarpur), 16(1), Mar 1978, 55–66. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Nama in the Adi Granth. In Ram Dhamija, Ed. Sixty years of writing on art & crafts in India (from Roopa-lekha 1928–1988). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988, pp. 126–32. Also in Sri Venkateswara University Oriental Journal (Tirupati), 25(1–2), 1982, 83–98. Arora, Raj Kumar. Concept of Sabd in the Guru Granth Sahib. Panchbati Sandesh, 2(1), Jul 1979, 40–51. Arora, Raj Kumar. The concept of Sahaj in the Adi Granth. Darshana International (Moradabad), 16(2), Apr 1976, 70–80.

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Arora, Raj Kumar. The sacred scripture—Symbol of spiritual synthesis: A comparative, chronological, and philosophical approach to the Guru Granth. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1988. 202p. Arvind Singh. The unity of God and universal theology of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Arvindpal Singh. Guru Granth is Guru Panth. Sikh Bulletin, 12, 1995, 33–36. Bachan, G.S. Chorological and chronological ethical dynamism in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the Conference on Inner Dynamics of Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Oct 17–19, 2002. Bachittar Singh Giani. Guru Granth Sahib as juristic person. Sikh Review, 48(10), Oct 2000, 51–56. Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics or blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994. 401p. Bains, Santokh Singh. Apathy of SGPC most disheartening: Guru Granth Sahib in Bengali. Spokesman Weekly, 31(16), 1982, 31–33. Baldeep Singh (Bhai). Guru Granth Sahib and the Ragas. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Baldev Singh. Bestowal of Guruship of Granth Sahib. Khera: Journal of Religious Understanding, 5(1), Jun 1983, 22–24. Balkar Singh. The text & the meaning of the Adi Granth. In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 108–111. Bhag Singh. Universality of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 33(382), Oct 1985, 5–9. Bhagat Singh. Adi Granth: Its compilation, contents and historical signiﬁcance. Spokesman Weekly, 30(3–5), 29th Annual Number, 1980, 43–47. Bhagwant Singh. Signiﬁcance of Amritvela in Guru Granth Sahib. Abstracts of Sikh Studies, 3(4), Oct–Dec 2001, 22–25. Bhatia, H.S. Sikhism and Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Dharma, 21(4), 1996, 378–94. Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: An apostle of national integration. Sikh Courier, 34(78), Aut–Win, 1994, 3–8. Bhatia, Surjit Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: The harbinger of national integration. Sikh Review, 36(417), Sep 1988, 18–28. Bhatnagar, Rakesh. Sri Guru Granth Sahib as juristic person. Sikh Review, 48(6), June 2000, 25–26. Bhupinder Kaur. Social and economic justice in Guru Granth Sahib. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 231–36. Bimbrahw, J.R. The mystique of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 50(10), Oct 2002, 14–15.

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Brahma Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: A gospel of national solidarity. Spokesman Weekly, 32(7), Oct 18, 1982, 4. Buxi, Lochan Singh. Saint-poets of Guru Granth Sahib: History and heritage. Delhi: National Book Shop, 2000. 202p. Callewaert, Winand M. The Adi Granth of Sikhs: A canon? In Mariola Offredi, Ed. The Banyan Tree. v.1: Essays on early literature in new Indo-Aryan languages: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on early literature in new Indo-Aryan languages, Venice, 1997. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2000, pp. 457–68. Callewaert, Winand M. Namdev and the Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the Second Berkeley Conference on Sikh Studies, Feb 1987. Callewaert, Winand M. Namdev’s repertoires and the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 14(1), Feb 1987, 7–18. Callewaert, Winand M. Raidas and the Guru Granth Sahib. Journal of Sikh Studies, 15(2), Aug 1988, 24–34. Callewaert, Winand M. Sri Guru Granth Sahib with complete index (Hindi translation). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1996. 2 Vols. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Aad Guru Granth Sahib: Fallacies and facts. In Current thoughts on Sikhism. Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies, 1996, pp. 371–92. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Language and script of the Aad Guru Granth Sahib. Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal, 5(2), July–Dec 2003, 7–15. Chahal, Devinder Singh. Life, death, soul and Karma: According to Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 48(2), Feb 2000, 7–8. Chahal, Devinder Singh. The text & the meaning of the Adi Granth. In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 153–75. Chahil, Pritam Singh, Tr. Sri Guru Granth Sahib. (Text in Punjabi, English and transliteration). New Delhi: The author, 1992. 4 Vols. Chants for contemplation from the Adi Granth. London: Concord Grove Press, 1984. 144p. Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar. Emperor Aurangzeb quotes verse from Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 25(283), Jul 1977, 5–9. Chawla, Harbans Singh. Medieval Indian society as depicted in Adi Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1984. Cole, W. Owen. The case for a ﬂuent modern translation of the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sikh Reformer, 4, Dec 1993, 21–22. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. ‘Anand’ (Ecstasy) in Guru Granth Sahib. Spokesman Weekly, 38(3), Oct 24, 1988, 3–4. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Experiencing vital power of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 49(3), Mar 2001, 12–14. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Guru eternal. Sikh Review, 48(11), Nov 2000, 34–39.

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Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Religious tolerance and universal brotherhood. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 365–67. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Jubilee of blessed slavery to Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 43(10), Oct 1995, 31–40. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. One religion for mankind as symbolised by Guru Granth Sahib. In Harkishan Singh, Ed. The Sikhs: Tenets & tremors. New Delhi: Citizen’s Relief Rehabilitation & Education Fund, 1991, pp. 139–45. Dalawari, Bhagwant Singh. Universality of Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh Review, 36(411), Mar 1988, 16–19. Daljeet Singh. Authenticity of Kartarpuri Bir. In Jasbir S. Mann and Harbans S. Saraon, Eds. Advanced studies in Sikhism. Irvine, California: Sikh Community of North America, 1989, pp. 138–62. Daljeet Singh. Essays on the authenticity of Kartarpuri Bir and the integrated logic and unity of Sikhism. Patiala: Punjabi University, 1987. 114p. Darshan Singh. Bhakti tradition and Guru poetry of Adi Granth. Ph.D. Thesis. Chandigarh: Panjab University, 1966. Deol, Jeevan Singh. Non-canonical compositions attributed to the seventh and ninth Sikh Gurus. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 121(2), Apr–Jun 2001, 193–203. Deol, Jeevan Singh. Text and lineage in early Sikh history: Issues in the study of the Adi Granth. Bulletin of the School of Oriental & African Studies (London), 64(1), 2001, 34–58. Deepinderjeet Kaur. Sri Guru Granth Sahib and the gender discourse. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004. Dhanoa, Surain Singh. Guru Granth Sahib and religions of the world. In the Third International Conference on Guru Granth Sahib and Inter-faith Understanding to World Peace. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Dec 3–5, 2003, 139–52. Dharam Singh. Guru Granth Sahib and interfaith dialogue. Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, 22(1), Jan–Jun 2003, 17–28. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Formation and its message. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Universal Message of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, San Jose State University, May 8–9, 2004. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Guru Granth Sahib: Textual study and methodology. Punjab History Conference Proceedings, 36th session, Mar 2004, 1–29. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Myth of early draft of Adi Granth (Manuscript 1245). In Bachittar Singh Giani, Ed. Planned attack on Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Academics for blasphemy. Chandigarh: International Centre of Sikh Studies, 1994, pp. 85–107. Dhillon, Balwant Singh. Textual analysis of the Adi Granth: The validity of Western methods. Journal of Sikh Studies, 25(1), 2001, 135–54. Dhillon, D.S. Medieval society as reﬂected in Guru Granth Sahib. Paper presented at the International Seminar on Guru Granth Sahib, Punjabi University (Patiala), Feb. 18–20, 2004.

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