Introduction to Cable Technology

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Introduction to Cable Technology Session 202

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“

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HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Abstract

The prevailing architecture and critical components of an HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) plant capable of supporting IP service applications based on DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) is discussed

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 5

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency • Network Management of Physical System • Attributes of HFC • IP Access Platform • HFC Network with IP Access • The Promise of IP • Conclusion 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Typical Cable Distribution Plant

HEAD END Receivers Scramblers Descramblers

Modulators and Upconverters (n) Channels

Coaxial Distribution Plant

One Way Local Content

Optimized for Distribution Many Thousands of Homes

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Early Coaxial Feeder Network

> 2000 HOMES

Headend

Coaxial Cable

COAX

• One way distribution • Cascade of many amplifiers Degraded performance Failure prone

• High operation and maintenance cost 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 9

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure

Cable Serving Area

Headend or Hub

Fiber

> 2000 HOMES

N

COAX

NODE

Typically Fewer than Five Amplifiers in Cascade

More Bandwidth

• Video is transmitted over fiber to the node, where it is converted to an electrical signal and forwarded to the subscriber over existing coaxial cable • Provision is made to support return traffic for future services 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure • Optical nodes provide: Small robust serving areas

CNN HBO ESPN

Improved reliability Node

Increased access bandwidth

Hub

Node

COAX Node

Tap

Two way operation Drop Alternate Feed

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Settop TV

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure

To/From Head End or Hub

N

Typically Fewer than Five Amplifiers in Cascade to Support up to 2 K Homes 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Benefits of HFC to Node level • Increases RF bandwidth 750 MHz (or more) Source brought closer to subscriber Facilitates introduction of two way

• Improves reliability and availability Fewer failure components Improves noise characteristics

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Reliable, High Quality Access Bandwidth Provided by HFC Technology Validates that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 15

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure CNN HBO ESPN

Hub

Hub Headend

Hub

Reliability Bandwidth Signal Quality

• Analog fiber RING for to improve reliability of broadcast video • SONET/SDH RING overlay for reliability of advanced services 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Benefits of RING Configuration • Increases RF bandwidth 750 MHz (or more) Source brought closer to subscriber Facilitates introduction of two way Supports hub distribution

• Improves reliability and availability Fewer failure components Improves noise characteristics Ring path protection 202 1031_05F9_c1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Reliable, High Quality Access Bandwidth Provided by HFC Technology Validates that:

“

HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Upgrade for Quality Service • • • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

High bandwidth (750 MHz or more) Two way operation Migration strategy to small nodes Minimize amplifier cascades Design to prevailing industry standards Incorporate DOCSIS plant specifications Design for maximum noise abatement Network management © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Upgrade for Quality Service • Recognize home wiring ingress • Ensure best upstream CNR (Carrier to Noise Ratio)

• Characterize the plant and maintain to the original level

Build to Minimum Noise Criteria 202 1031_05F9_c1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Reliable, High Quality Access Bandwidth Provided by HFC Technology Validates that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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Friendly vs Hostile Upstream Frequency Characteristics of (US) Upstream Spectrum • Subject to known potential interference CB (Citizens Band Radio) HAM (Amateur radio) Government, Military, Naval radio, etc.

• Portions of the US lost to interference • Only Portion of the US available for two way 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Friendly vs Hostile Upstream Frequency 24.5 MHz

4 MHz per Division

Consider Operating within this Upstream Spectrum!!! 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Friendly vs Hostile Upstream Frequency 15.6 MHz

17.55 MHz

Example

Noise

Noise Useable GAP (1950 kHz)

Frequency

• Useable gaps dictate Upstream channel selection and bandwidth Spectrum management options Upstream data throughput 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Friendly vs Hostile Upstream Frequency Useable Spectrum Gaps From (KHz)

To (KHz)

GAP (KHz)

200 (KHz)

400 (KHz)

800 (KHz)

1600 (KHz)

3200 (KHz)

5000

5950

950

4

2

1

0

0

6200 7300 9900 10150

7000 9500

800 2200 200 1500

4 11

2 5 0 3

1 2

0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0

7 1 3

1 0 0 2 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0

9 0

3 0 1 4 0

10100 11650

1 7

0 1

12050 13800 14350 15600 17900

13600 14000 15100 17550 18068

1550 200 750 1950 168

18168 21850 24990 26100 27410

21000 24980 25670 26960 28000

2832 3040 680 860 590

14 15 3 4 2

7 7 1 2 0

3 3 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

29700

40000

10300

51

25

12

6

3

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0 0

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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HFC Infrastructure Provides Adequate Useable Quality Bandwidth Validating that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 29

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Network Management of the Physical System Total Network Management < 100 Channels CNN HBO ESPN FNN

Hub Headend

Node

Hub

Node

COAX Hub

Node

Node

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Tap

Drop

Node

Nodes Tend to 500 Homes 202 1031_05F9_c1

Node

Settop TV 30

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Network Management of the Physical System Network Management • Means to identify and diagnose faults • Permits preventive maintenance • Assures reliability and high availability • Provides valuable maintenance aid • Helps maintain customer satisfaction

Install One, and Reap the Benefits!!! 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

HFC Infrastructure can Be Provisioned with Enhanced Network Management to Ensure that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 33

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Attributes of HFC • High reliability • Increased bandwidth:

100 Channels

Downstream “rebuilds” to 750 MHz Wide band amplifiers etc…

CNN HBO ESPN

• Two way operation Upstream (5–42 MHz) “Provisioned” and “Operational” HE

H

Signal 5–42 MHz

Flow

N 202 1031_05F9_c1

H

50–750 MHz

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N

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 35

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco IP Access Platform

uBR904 SOHO CM uBR924 SOHO Cm e/w VoIP

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uBR7246

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Cisco IP Access Platform • Universal broadband router uBR7246 and uBR7223 Router integrated with DOCSIS CMTS (Cable Modem Terminating System)

• Cisco subscriber cable modem uBR904 CM for data uBR924 CM for data and voice Partner cable modem products

• Interoperable multi-vendor CM products 202 1031_05F9_c1

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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A Field Proven Interoperable DOCSIS IP Platform Is now Available to Support that:

“

HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• • • • • • • 202 1031_05F9_c1

Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency Network Management of Physical System Attributes of HFC IP Access Platform HFC Network with IP Access The Promise of IP Conclusion 39

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

HFC with IP Access Total Network Management Node uBR7246

< 100 Channels CNN HBO

Broadband Router

Hub

ESPN FNN Node

Hub

PSTN

Node

COAX

Node

Node

Hub

Internet

Node

Tap

Drop

Node

Cable Modem PC 202 1031_05F9_c1

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HFC Networks Provisioned with A Proven Interoperable DOCSIS IP Platform Ensures without Doubt that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency • Network Management of Physical System • Attributes of HFC • IP Access Platform • HFC Network with IP Access • The Promise of IP • Conclusion 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Promise of IP Data, a “Growth Opportunity” • Acceptance and penetration of the Internet • Data bandwidth/ cost beating Moore’s Law

Data

Video Voice

BW

Today

Time

Bandwidth vs Time

• Open standards for DOCSIS and digital TV 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Promise of IP Recent CATV Consolidations • • • • •

AT&T purchase of TCI AT&T purchase of Media One Adelphia purchase of Century Cox purchase of TCA Cox purchase of Media General

High Capacity HFC Cable Plants Is the Common Denominator 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Market Dynamics and the Growth of the Internet Indicate that HFC Cable Plants Are the Platform of the Future Indicating that:

“ HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Agenda • Early CATV Architecture • Hybrid Fiber Coax Infrastructure Optical Rings Upgrade for Quality Service

• Friendly vs. Hostile Upstream Frequency • Network Management of Physical System • Attributes of HFC • IP Access Platform • HFC Network with IP Access • The Promise of IP • Conclusion 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Conclusion • HFC plants can be built to provide Reliable transmission media High access bandwidth High-speed IP access using DOCSIS

• HFC plants with HS IP access offer A viable business opportunity for Data Voice (VoIP) Interactive video Future advanced services 202 1031_05F9_c1

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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Is your CATV Plant Being Upgraded to HFC ? Are Plant Upgrades Meeting Current Standards? Is Network Management Included? Is a DOCSIS IP Network Considered? What about Noise Control?

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“

“We believe hybrid fiber coaxial has the potential to carry the most capacity over the future” Michael Armstrong Chairman & CEO AT&T

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“

© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

” 49

“HFC is the Network of choice to support HS Services based upon IP Technology”

” 202 1031_05F9_c1

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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 202

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