Lefkandi III (plates) (Supplementary Volume)

LEFKANDI III THE TOUMBA CEMETERY The excavationsof1981, 1984, 1986 and 1992^1

PLATES Compiledby M.R.POPHAM with I.S.LEMOS

THE

BRITISH

SCHOOL 1996

AT ATHENS

© M.R. Popham1996

ISBN 0 90488727 8 andprinted in GreatBritain Typeset byAlden,Oxford,Didcotand Northampton

CONTENTS

Introduction

v

Abbreviations

ix

1. Cemetery and AreaPlans 2. Tomband PyrePlans

PLATES

1-5

6-28

3. ViewsofSelectTombsand Pyres

29-37

4. Tomband PyreContents

38-92

5. Pottery fromFillsand Surface 6. DrawingsofSelectVasesand Figurines

92-98

7. Photographs ofSelectVasesand Fingurines 8. DrawingsofSelectWeaponsand otherObjectsof Gold,Bronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone

99-110 111-126 127-135

9. Photographs ofSelectJewellery, DressFastenings, Weapons,Weights, and otherObjectsofBronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone 10. Shells,ClothImpressions and Clay Objects

150-152

11. Additional Illustrations and Comparanda

153-159

136-149

12. TablesofTombContents, Burials Datingand Stratified TableofContents ColouredChronological PlanoftheBurials

PAGES

193-205 End piece

INTRODUCTION

in 1969in themistaken, was discovered butexcusable,belief The ToumbaCemetery accidentally in theSub-Mycenaean thattheregionwasthelocationofthesettlement and EarlyProtogeometric itwas recognised as beinga further burialground,a limitedarea was excavatedin periods.After 1970when36 tombsand 10 pyreswerelocatedand investigated. The resultswerepublishedin I. 1989-90in Lefkandi Atthatstageitwasnotunderstood thatthecemetery wassituated aroundtheeastendofa large That MiddleProtogeometric came after the and excavation of building. knowledge only discovery and ofthemoundconstructed thebuilding aboveit,whichhad giventheregionitspresent name. Sincethoseinitialinvestigations, thecemetery has been extensively exploredin six seasons,at in continuation first ofthejointundertaking betweentheGreekArchaeological Serviceand the andlaterinthefinaltwoseasonsas a British British SchoolatAthens, Schoolexcavation. The Greek E. was Mrs. in 1981 Mr. and in P.G. The British representative Touloupa Calligas subsequent years. SchoolappointedMr.M.R. Pophamas itsrepresentative with Mr. L.H. Sackett as his throughout, in first two and with Dr. the later D.E. in 1993 and Dr. in I.S. Lemos 1994. colleague years Evely A breakwastakenafter the1981seasoninordertopublishtheimportant discoveries ofthatyear BSA were in resumed 1984 and in continued 1986 and 1992-4. The (in 77).Operations projectwas thenconcludedafterthemainaim of defining thelimitsof theburialgroundhad been largely couldbe concentrated on thepublication ofthediscoveries since1981. achieved,so thatefforts a further Thesecomprised 40 tombsand 19pyres,bringing thetotalto83 tombsand34 pyres.With itis estimated no claimtoprecision, thatthisrepresents between80-90%ofall theburialswithin the cemetery. The studyforpublication ofthegreatquantity ofresultant findswiththeirdiffering nature, rangfrom vases to dress and and ofvariousorigins, ing fastenings weapons, including jewellery, imports is a considerable theexpertise ofa numberofscholars.Inevitably thiswill undertaking, requiring takesometimeto coordinate and complete, since of some those involved especially alreadyhave and on the Greek have not the same amount oftime side, previouscommitments, all,especially availablewhichtheycan devotetothispurpose. The importance of thefindings at Toumbaforan understanding of theDark Age of Greece that some interim measure be taken the requires beyond preliminary reports alreadypublishedto maketheevidenceavailableto scholarsofthisthinly documented as was done stage.Accordingly, in thecase ofLefkandi it has been decided to in issue a advance of the text volI, comprehensive umeofillustrations, thecoreofwhichis a photographic of each burial in scaled coverage deposit v

vi

INTRODUCTION

repeating,in the interestsof a consolidatedaccount,thosepublishedearlierin BSA reproductions, 77. This is supplementedby drawingsand photographsof select objects at a largerscale. Plans of thecemetery,itslocationand ofeach tombare placed at thebeginning,togetherwithviewsofsome the captionsto the of themore interesting depositsin situ.To providesome additionalinformation, in the Table of Contents illustrations and cross-referenced Plateshave on occasionsbeen expanded a of the more of selection at the end. The smallsectionof comparanda,consisting importantmatethe Volume. Text rial,has been includedforease of reference,in anticipationof I, Tables are appended whichtakeintoaccountall theburialsin thecemeFinally,as in Lefkandi a diagram tery,and give theirsuggesteddates,as well as listingthe contentsof each. Furthermore burials. is providedsettingout the evidence forstratified about the excavationsand some comPendingthepublicationof theTextVolume,information menton themis available in a numberof sources.BSA 11 may be consultedfora studyof thevarious aspectsof theburialsup to the end of the 1981 season. For lateryears,summaryaccountsare illustrated report givenin AR thoughthatin no. 35 (1988-9),117-29,containsa morecomprehensive, on theexcavationsof 1984 and 1986,withsome changesofpreviousopinion.An accountin Greek coveringthe 1981-4seasons has been givenby Mr. P.G. Calligas inJournalofEuboeanStudies(19845), 253-69. In recentyears,studieshave been publishedon a fewofthemostimportantfindsand theircontext:thepictorialpyxis,Square XIV,3 (PLATE 94), in 'An EarlyEuboean Ship', OJA6 (1987),3539, and by Mr. P.G. Calligas, 'Early Euboean Ship Building',TropisII, 77-83;the engravedbronze bowl, Tomb 70,18 (PLATE 133) in an articleof that name, OJA14 (1995), 103-7 by Mr. M.R. Popham,who withDr. I.S. Lemos also consideredthe contentsand significanceof Tomb 79 in A Euboean WarriorTrader',OJA14 (1995), 151-7 the Near Eastern and otherimports,and theirimplicationsforearly More comprehensively, Euboean enterpriseabroad, have been considered in Chapter 2 'Precolonisation:Early Greek Contactswiththe East' by Mr. M.R. Popham in TheArchaeology EssaysdedicatofGreekColonisation, ed toSirJohnBoardmaned. G.R. Tsetskhladzeand E De Angelis(Oxford 1994). Gratitudeshouldbe expressedto a greatnumberof people, by no means all mentionedbelow, containedin thisvolume. theyearsto the illustrations who have contributed throughout The late Mr. David Smyth,the School's honorarysurveyor,preparedthe basis forthe plans of the cemetery,the layoutof the trenchesand the generalarea of the burialgrounds.In the earlier years,he also plottedeach tomb,while cover slabs and depositswere drawnby variousmembers oftheexcavationteams.Of theseparticularmentionshouldbe made ofthecomplex ones ofTomb 49 and its section(PLATES 11-13),and of the horse burialsin Tomb 68 (PLATE 22), by Dr. D.E. Evely,who also made thefinaldrawingofthem,and ofTomb 80 plannedby Mr. Rie Tyler(PLATE 27). Miss Susan Birddrewnearlyall themanyvases and otherobjectsup to 1991,includingthe outstandingdrawingof the engravedbronze bowl, no. 28, in Tomb 55 (PLATE 133), and the reconstructionof theAtticcrater,no. 16,fromPyre 14 (PLATE 110).

INTRODUCTION

vii

at Oxfordcontributed overmanyyearsfinal ofArchaeology Mrs.AlisonWilkins oftheInstitute a in Dr. D. Evely,Dr. Colin of number of the made Eretria Museum tracings drawings great by Mr. Dr. Eleni Hatzakis and M.R. ofthelarge Macdonald, by Popham,whodrewthereconstruction localcrater, no. 12,fromTomb79 (PLATE 106).Notleast,shealsoproducedthecharts oftomband andtheirlayout. pyrecontents Thephotographs takenbyMr.M.R. Popham,whoalsomademanyofthefinal were,ingeneral, assisted andhisstaff inthePhotographic ofthe enlargements, greatly byMr.R. Wilkins Department Institute ofArchaeology at Oxford.Someothersweretaken,orprovided, Dr. byMr.L.H. Sackett, D. Evelyand Mr.P.G. Calligas. Mr.L.H. Sackett, beforehisinvolvement inmajorexcavations atPalaikastro, wasco-director and one oftheauthorsofthereportin BSA 77.He continued to givevaluableassistance in subsequent seasons.Specialthanksare due to Dr. Evelyforgreathelpin organising and arranging theplates, in checking numbers and providing severallastminutedrawings to add to themanyhe inventory at an earlierstage. had contributed Dr. I.S. Lemosmadea majorcontribution to thepreparation ofthisvolume,especially Finally, in theselection ofvasesforillustration and in advisingon chronology. On thissubject, we bothhavefoundconsiderable thephasesestablished problemsin following in which were based on the Attic series and theoccurrence of I, Desborough by Leflcandi largely inlocalcontexts. Atticimports Itmaybe that,withall thenewmaterial, itwouldbe better todefine and developments. we have Meanwhile, however, stageswithgreater regardforlocalinnovations a Ilia SPG to it from thatfoladhered,forthemostpart,to hiscriteria, adding stage distinguish the abandonment of the known which we now call SPG Illb. cemeteries, lowing The terminology we have adopted,explainedin theAbbreviations, reflects ourdifficulties, in thatwe havenotinfrequently alloweda spanofphasesto allowforouruneaseaboutgreater cerThisis notsurprising sincesomeofthesestageshavebeenallotteda mere25 yearswhichis tainty. a probably atprecision forthisperiod. over-optimistic attempt MervynPopham

ABBREVIATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY Annuario AR BSA BSA 11

OJA Tropis I Lefkandi

LK'

AnnuariodellaScuolaArcheologica di Atene Archaeological Reports AnnualoftheBritishSchoolat Athens 'FurtherExcavations of the Toumba Cemeteryat Lefkandi, 1981',by M.R. Popham,E. Touloupa and L.H. Sackett,BSA 11 (1982) 213-248 JournalofArchaeology Oxford 2nd International Symposiumof the HellenicInstitutefor the Preservation Nautical Tradition, of Delphi 1987 I, the IronAge,Textand Plate volumes Lefkandi

(1979-80)ed. by M.R. Popham,L.H. Sackettand withP.G. Calligas CHRONOLOGY

MPG LPG SPG

MiddleProtogeometric LateProtogeometric Sub-Protogeometric I PhaseI roughly I (EG equatedwithAtticEarlyGeometric i) II PhaseII roughly II equatedwithAtticEarlyGeometric (EG II) Ilia PhaseIlia roughly equatedwithAtticMiddleGeometric la (MG la) Illb PhaseIllb roughly equatedwithAtticMiddleGeometric Ib-II (MG Ib-II) A hyphenbetweenPhases signifies a stagewithinthe of those range phases / An obliquestroke betweenPhasessignifies theborderline betweentwophases DIMENSIONS

cms m. L. Ht. D.

centimetres metres length height diameter

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1 Plates1-5 CEMETERY AND AREA PLANS

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areashowing thelocationoftheToumbabuilding andburialground Cemetery

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THE TOUMBA CEMETERY LEFKANDI 0-

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2 Plates6-28 TOMB AND PYRE PLANS

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Plans of Tombs 43 and 44, and Pyres 11 and 13. Scale 1:20

Plate 9

Plans of Toumbs45, 46 and 48. Scale 1:20

Plate 10

Plans ofTombs 47 and 52. Scale 1:20

Plate 11

PlanofTomb49; primary burial.Scaleas shown

Plate 12

mud-brick overlaidbya subsequent burialpartly theprimary PlanofTomb49 showing wall,andthe withtwovasesinthefill.Scaleas shown laterburialshaft

Plate 13

atthepointindicated Tomb49; east-west sectionacrossthesouthendoftheshaft on Plate11.Scaleas shown.

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Plan of Tombs 57 and 58. Scale 1:20

Plate 17

Plan ofTomb 59. Scale 1:20

Plate 18

Plans ofTombs 60, 66 and 69. Scale 1:20

Plate 19

PlansofTombs62a,62b and63. Scale 1:20

Plate 20

PlansofTomb64 andPyres14and 15.Scale 1:20exceptdetailsofPyre14deposit

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Plans ofTombs 73, 76 and 77.Scale 1:20

Plate 26

Plans ofTombs 78, and of 79, itsshaftand side niche. Scales, T.78 near 1:25; T.79, shaftat 1:20, niche at 1:6

Plate 27

Plans ofTomb 80 floordeposit.Scale 1: 12

Plate 28

PlansofTomb80,coverslabs,andTombs81-83.Scale 1:20

3 Plates29-37 VIEWS OF SELECT TOMBS AND PYRES

Plate 29

[a-b ) Tomb 39, cover slabs and floordeposit; (c-d ) Tomb 42, floordepositand details

Plate 30

(a) Tomb 46, floordeposit;(b) Tomb 48, cover slabs; (c-d) Tomb 58, shaftand pit withburialurn and sword

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Plate 33

(a ) Tomb 54, floordeposit; (b-d ) Tomb 63, floordepositand details

Plate 34

(a) Tomb 62a, floordepositand mid-bricksurround;(b) Tomb 59, heap of vases at westend of shaft;floordeposit(c) of Tomb 71,and (d ) ofTomb 74

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of shaft;(b ) Tomb 78, bronze vase in positionon floor; (a ) Tomb 73, slit-likelowercompartment (c) Tomb 79, the side niche and itsdeposit

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4 Plates38-91 TOMB AND PYRE CONTENTS

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Tomb38,contents (part).Scales1:3fornos.23-9,and 1:2fornos.43-54

Plate 40

Tomb38,contents scale1:1exceptno.56. Tomb39 contents (remainder); (part);1:2fornos.24-7,29,44 and45, 1:3forno. 23 and2:5 forno.28

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Plate 44

Tomb40,contents. Scales1:3fornos. 1-14;1:2fornos. 15,20 and22-3; 2:3 fornos. 16and 19

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contents Scales1:3fornos. 1-7 and 1:2fornos.8-9. Pyre11/12, Tomb44,contents. (part). Scales1:3fornos.1-3 and 1:6fornos.4-5

Plate 48

Scales1:2fornos.1-3 and9-10; 1:3fornos.4-8 and 11 (remainder). Pyre13,contents

Plate 49

(A) fromPyre 11/12.(B) surfacesherdsfromSquare XII. (C) and (D) Pyre 13,contents(part). (E) surfacesherdsfromSquare XIII. Scale of (D) 1:3; remainderas shown

Plate 50

Tomb 45, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 51

Tomb 45, contents(remainder).Scales, of vases 1:3, rest2:3 exceptno. 35 as shown

Plate 52

Tomb 46, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 53

Top: Tomb 46, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest2:3 except no. 27 as shown. Bottom:Tomb 47, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 54

Top: Tomb 47, contents(remainder).Scale 2:3. Bottom:Tomb 48, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 55

Tomb 48, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest1:2

Plate 56

Tomb49,contents. Scales:no. 1 at 1:4,no. 2 at 1:3,nos.3-6 at 1:1,nos.8-9 at2:3 andno. 11as shown

Plate 57

Top: Tomb 50, contents.Scales: vase 1:6, weapons 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 51, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 58

Tomb51,contents Nos. 1,3, 4, 5 and 7 fromtombfill.Scales:vasesandmodel1:3,rest1:2 (remainder).

Plate 59

Top: Tomb 52 contents.Scales: vases and no. 5 1:3, restat 1:2 Bottom:Tomb 54, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 60

Tomb 54, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 61

Top: Tomb 54, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 29, 30, 31 and 32 at 1:2, restat 1:3. Bottom:Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: nos. 1-2 at 1:4; no. 4 at 1:3

Plate 62

Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: vases at 1:3, fibulaeat 1:2

Plate 63

Top: Tomb 55, contents(remainder).Scales: no. 32 at 1:3, restas shown. Bottom:Tomb 57, contents.Scales: vases at 1:3, fìbulaat 1:2

Plate 64

Tomb59,contents (part).Scale 1:3

Plate 65

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 66

Tomb59,contents pinandfaiencevases1:3,jewellery, (part).Scales:vases,fibulae, andfaiencering1:3andscarabat2:3

Plate 67

Scalesas shown.Bottom: Tomb58,Tomb60,Tomb61 and (remainder). Top:Tomb56,contents Scale 1:3exceptTomb58 amphoraat 1:6. Tombs62a andb, contents.

Plate 68

Tomb 63, contents(part).Scales: vases 1:3,jewellery,nos. 13-17 1:2

Plate 69

Scale 1:3exceptno. 33 as shown. (remainder). Top:Tomb63,contents Bottom: Tombs64,66 and69,contents. Scales:vases1:3,fibulae2:5,andT.64,2-9 as shown

Plate 70

Tomb70,contents no. 17as shown,no. 182:5 andno. 20 3:4; (part).Scales:vases,nos. 1 and3, 1:3;no.2 1:4;bronzes, andpins,nos.4-5, 8-16and27-8 at2:3 jewellery

Plate 71

Top: Tomb 70, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 3, 6 and 7 as shown,rest,2:3. Bottom:Tomb 71,contents(part).Scale 1:3.

Plate 72

Top: Tomb 71,contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3; no. 173:2; no. 18 1:1; nos. 19 and 20 2:3. nos. 11 and 12 1:2 Bottom:Tomb 74, contents(part).Scale 1:3 exceptfigurines,

Plate 73

Scales:jewellery nos. 18-34and39 1:2,bronzesnos.35-38 1:2,nos. 13-17and40 as (remainder). Top:Tomb74,contents shown.Bottom: Tomb75,contents. Scales:nos. 1-3 1:2andno. 5 1:3

Plate 74

Scales:vases1:3,jewellery nos.8-142:3,nos. 6 and 12as shown. Top:Tomb78,contents. Scaleas shown Bottom: Tomb79,contents (part).Stoneweights.

Plate 75

Tomb 79, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 76

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Tomb 79A (shaftfill),and 79B (niche)contents(part).Scales: Bl (cauldron)1:3, B2, B9, B10-11 1:3, restas shown

Plate 79

Tomb 79A and B, contents(remainder).Scales: A10-11 1:3, A12-13 as shown, B3, A16-7, A2, A15, B5, B4 and A2 1:1, B6 as shown

Plate 80

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 81

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 82

Tomb80,contents (part).Scale 1:3

Plate 83

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 84

Tomb80,contents (part).Scale 1:3

Plate 85

Tomb80,contents Scales:no.50 2:3; nos.51-6 andnos.62-3 1:1; (remainder). nos.57-9 and68 1:2;restas shown.

Plate 86

Pyre 14,contents(part).Scale 1:3

Plate 87

as shown,bronzesnos. 17,18and20 1:2 (part).Scales,pottery Pyre14,contents

Plate 88

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ofPyre19,a possiblePyre21 andPyre23 (part).Scale 1:3 Contents

Plate 90

Pyre23, contents(remainder).Fragmentsof Atticvases. Scale near 1:2

Plate 91

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5 Plates92-98 POTTERY FROM FILLS AND SURFACE

Plate 92

of an Atticpyxis.Scale 1:3 Top: Contentsof Pyres33 and 34. Scale 1:3. Bottom:TrenchXVI, 14,fragments

Plate 93

PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4

Plate 94

PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4

Plate 95

fromSquareXVI (remainder). Scales:no. 16 1:3,restas shown Pottery

Plate 96

Pottery and two fibulae from Tomb and Pyre fills,(a) Tomb 61, (b) Pyre 17, ( c-d) Tomb 51, ( e-f)' region of Tomb 61-19, (g) Pyre 20. Scales; ( e-f) 2:3, (g) 1:2, rest as shown

Plate 97

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6 Plates99-110 DRAWINGS OF SELECT VASES AND FIGURINES

Plate 99

Selectvases, Kalathoi,cups, skyphoiand kantharos.T. 45,13 (SPG 1), T.63,6 (LPG), T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13(LPG/SPG I), Pyre28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG), Pyre28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T.79A,3 (SPG II), T.47,3 and 4 (SPG II), T.59,1 (LPG/SPG ), T.45,27 (SPG I). Sacie 1:3

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Selectvases.Pedestalled andshallowbowlswithsingleordoublehandles.T.80,2(SPG II/IIIa),T.74,8(SPG Ilia), skyphoi and25 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:3 Pyre23 (SPG Ilia), Sq. XVI,9= ?Pyre21 (SPG II/IIIa),T.80,15,23

Plate 102

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Plate 104

Selectvases.Jugs,feedingbottle,jar, lekythos,smallhydriaiand flask.T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I), T.48,9 (LPG), T.45,4 (SPG I), T.63,9 (LPG), T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), T.45,3 (SPG I), T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13(LPG), Pyre23,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3

Plate 105

Selectvases.Pyxides, and 15(SPG I), T.46,9(LPG), T.38,1(SPG Il-IIIa), T.51,14 jar andcoarseware amphora. T.51,22(SPG I), T.83,1(SPG I-II). Scale 1:3exceptT.83,1atnear1:4

Plate 106

ρ oo

Ε ι- ι

O

Pu,

îi ■s

I

.S

•a

I 1 Έ Ο

!

Plate 107

Selectvases.Red Slipware,T.39.7(LPG),T.41,6(LPG/SPGI). Shallowbowl,T.71,5(LPG).Trays, T.46,6(LPG) and itscomplexdecoration, incisedware;T.59,25,omitting from T.45,28(SPG I). Handmade, T.74,11 (LPG/SPG),figurines and 12,decoration somewhat restored, (SPG Ilia). Pictorial representations, Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia). Scaleofvasesandfigurines 1:3

Plate 108

Selecthandmadevases. Coarse wares,T.41,12,an importfromN. Greece, (LPG/SPG I), cookingpots T.47,8 (SPG II), T.38,13and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Burnishedblack ware,T.39,18 (LPG), T.63,12 (LPG), T.54,25 (LPG), T.54,24 (LPG), T.46,17(LPG). T.80,30,an import?,(SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3

Plate 109

. 00

.S ^ "Ε~

Si Ö

ο

<*

α>

«ο S ■g Ο οΓ Ο^

it

■Si β«

j£ |s ás

il §^ υ ο-.

Ο^

PL,-u

io ^_ ο ^o Oh (U

c/3<

Plate 110

fromPyre14,16(MG I) Ht.47.5, SelectAtticimports. PyxisfromSq. XVI, 14(MG I) Ht.58.0;crater in drawing fromsherds bothreconstructed

7 Plates111-126 PHOTOGRAPHS OF SELECT VASES AND FIGURINES

Plate 111

S °i Η

Ph c/3 ',

o

si ST55-

£1

f ;g

I

I >

Plate 112

Ο

Oh C/3

6 ci

O

Pu, CO

-o

^CS

«to -H
||

Sã sag CS

<J

es ^< o^O oo

p.,

Hcç

■vTO

Aã

'S

ε

I

I »Γ

ο

(Λ > O)

Plate 113

lê

o

PM

CN

H

O PL, C^ CO

-υ 00 θ" 00

μ -α

ï oo

it H

I 1

•s. CO

■s

1s

(C

I

I

C/3

Plate 114

<υ C <υ

Ο

PH c/3 Ü

Η

g ο S Ο

PH

of

μ

g Ο

Pk c/5 '

O

Ph cri IO

»Γ CU

I
I Ä

<υ ci >

1

Plate 115

Selectvases. Kalathoiandcups,(a) T.59,3(LPG/SPG),(b) T.45,6(SPG I), ( c) T.54,8(LPG),(d) T.62B,1(MPG), ( e) T.40,13(LPG/SPG!),(/) T.62A,!(LPG),(g) T.69,1(LPG-SPGΠ), ( Ä) T.48,4(LPG II)). Scale 1:2

Plate 116

CN

§ CO

î g

CS

£ »Ci

1 g

î 1 I I

Plate 117

Select vases. Amphoriskoi, oenochoe and small hydriai. (a) T.41,5 (LPG/SPG I); ( b) T.54,12 (LPG); ( c) T.46,15 (LPG); (d) T.57,3 (LPG) and ( e) T.45,3 (SPG I). Scale 1:2

Plate 118

Select vases. Pyxides, lekythos and squat oenochoe. (a) T.59,7 (LPG/SPG); ( b ) T.63,7 (LPG); ( c) T.54,15 (LPG); ( d) T.80,39 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:2

Plate 119

Selectvases.Flasks,hydriaandjar.( a) T.40,1(LPG/SPGI); ( b) Pyre23,1(SPG Ilia); ( c) T.74,2(SPG Ilia) and ( d ) T.52,1(SPG I-II). Scale 1:2except( a) atnear1:3

Plate 120

Select vases. Black burnished ware, red slip, and handmade and incised grey burnished. ( a) T.45,30 (SPG I); (b) T.39,15 (LPG); ( c) T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I); ( d) T.39,5 (LPG) and ( e) T.74,11 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:2

Plate 121

O

H*

O c^ co

u

CM CS CO ^

"O ai 2

aj co

15

ïî

11 SH o

c

8, s

l % &

Plate 122

-o

5r co

H

"î

1 »«a

IO J>

^s °3 So T3 A

II f -a co >

1 O Oh

>

Plate 123

I o CN

S

o ^t cf 00

H "ZT

1 ST

â

2"2

pH

o

I >

o

I > CU

Plate 124

CN

â

O

W

Ò

â to" to

-a !

I ! CD

1

Plate 125

Selectvases. Importedwares. ( a) burnishedcoarsewarejug withcut-awayneck T.41,12(contextLPG/SPG I), ware and incisedT.74,12(SPG Ilia context),( c) pendentburnishedblack ware ( b) tortoisefigurinein burnishedblack/gray withimpresseddecorationT.40,15(LPG/SPG I context),( d ) CypriotWhitePaintedjugletT.79A,12(SPG II context), ( e) Phoenicianbichromejug T.79A,10(SPG II context),( / ) CypriotBlack-on-RedjugletT.79A,13(SPG II context). Scale 1:2

Plate 126

Select vases. Figurines, models and ship depiction, {a) T.51,3 (fill) Attic (LPG), (b) T.39,21 (LPG), ( c-d) T.41,2 (LPG/SPG ( e) central panel on pyxis Square XVI,3 (SPG Ilia), ( / ) T.38,33 (SPG II/IIIa). Scales ( a) 1:3, ( b-d ) and ( / ) 1:2

I),

8 Plates127-135 DRAWINGS OF SELECT WEAPONS AND OBJECTS OF GOLD, BRONZE, IRON, FAIENCE, AMBER AND STONE

Plate 127

Selectweapons: swords,dirksand knives.T.79B,8 (SPG II), T.60,1 (?), Pyre 14,20 (SPG Ilia), Pyre 13,4SPG II), T.54,32 (LPG), Pyre31,1-2 (SPG Ilia), T.54,32 (LPG), T.50,4 (LPG-SPG I). Scale: 1:3 exceptthe two knivesat 1,2.Pyre 13,4ofbronze, the remainderofiron.

Plate 128

Selectweapons and implements:spears,axe/adzes,arrowheadsand whetstone.T.79B,9 (SPG II), T.50,3 (LPG-SPG I), T.39,33 (LPG), Pyre 13,1and 2 (SPG II), T.79A,14and B,12 (SPG II), T.80,5 (SPG II/IIIa), Pyre35 (?). Of iron except arrowheadT.79A,14ofbronze,and whetstoneT.80,5. Scale 1:3

Plate 129

ofbronze.T.79B,1(SPG II), T.54,30(LPG),T.63,36(LPG),T.44,8and9 (LPG),T.74,36 Cauldronandselectfibulae, and37 (SPG Ilia), T.70,23and25 (LPG),T.46,23(LPG),T.38,43(SPG II-IIIa). Scale: 1:2 exceptcauldron at 1:3

Plate 130

Selectpins,pendent,beads, braceletand earring.T.49,5+9 and 7+11+14 (MPG-LPG), regionofT.61,3 (?), T.61,2(undated),T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), T.70,27(LPG), T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), T.60,2 (?), T.45,33 (SPG I), T.47,21(SPG II), T.40,18 (LPG/SPG I), T.47,27 (SPG II), T.79A,15(SPG II). Scale: 2:3 exceptT.47,27at 1:2

Plate 131

Discs ofgold foilfromT.63 (LPG) restoredin drawing.Scale 1:1

Plate 132

Selectbronzevessels.T.42,17(LPG or SPG I), T.47,18(SPG II), T.39,31 (LPG), T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), T.55,29 (LPG/SPG I) and T.78,14(SPG II). Scale 1:3

Plate 133

bronzebowl,T.55,28(LPG/SPGI). Scaleas shown NearEastern Engraved

Plate 134

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.70,18(LPG). D. ofrim 15.0 cms

Plate 135

Selectfindsoffaience, stoneandclay.Fingerringsoffaience, T.39,37(LPG),T.59,35(LPG/SPG)andT.80,62(SPG offaience, T.46,26(LPG).Scaraboffaience, T.59,36(LPG/SPGI). Pendents II/IIIa). Seal offaience, T.45,34(SPG I) andT.51,6(SPG I). NearEasterncylinder sealof?haemetite, T.79A,20(SPG II). Clayobject,T.49,9(MPG-LPG). Faiencebowls,T.59,37(LPG/SPG)andT.51,31(SPG I). Scales:rings, sealandheadpendent 3:2,droplet pendent andcylinder seal 1:1,scarab2:1,clayobjectandfaiencebowls1:2

9 Plates136-149 PHOTOGRAPHS OF SELECT JEWELLERY, DRESS FASTENINGS, WEAPONS, WEIGHTS AND OTHER OBJECTS OF BRONZE, IRON, FAIENCE, AMBER AND STONE

Plate 136

Select jewellery. Gold pendents, beads and earrings; gilt lead coil. ( a) T.38,39 (SPG II-IIIa), ( b) T.59,26 (LPG/SPG), ( c) T.38,41 (SPG II-IIIa), (d) T. 74,32 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.80,57 (SPG II/IIIa), (/) T.59,28 (LPG/SPG), (g) T.43,1 (undated), ( h) T.71,17 (LPG), ( i) T.75,3 (undated), ( ;) T.63,18-24 (LPG), (k) T.80,59 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 3:2 except ( i ) at near 1:1

Plate 137

Selectjewellery. Goldfinger-ring, bead anddiscs;giltbracelet, (a) T.80,50(SPG II/IIIa), (b) T.74,33(SPG Ilia), 2Sa-b(LPG).Scales,(a-c) 1:1; (
Plate 138

Select jewellery. Gold 'attachments', {a) T.42,11 (LPG or SPG I), (b) T.54,29 (LPG), (c-d ) T.39,24-5 (LPG), (e) f. 78,9 (SPG II), (/ ) and ( g) T.42,14 and 15 (LPG or SPG I), (Ã) T.47,11 (SPG II), (i ) T. 78,14 (SPG II), (j ) T.48,18 (LPG). Scale 1:1

Plate 139

Selectfinds.Pins ofgiltiron,iron,and bronze; bronze earring;beads of amber and lead; otherobjectsofbronze and clay. ( a) T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), ( b) T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), ( c) T.70,28 (LPG), ( d ) T.49,9 (MPG-LPG), ( e) T.60,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (g) area ofT.61,2 (undated),(h) area of Pyre 19,3 (undated),( i-j ) T.79,B4 and A15 (SPG II), ( k) T.45,33 (SPG !),(/) T.45,36 (SPG I), ( m) T.47,21 (SPG II), ( n) T.47,27 (SPG II). Scale near 1:1

Plate 140

Selectfibulaeof bronze,(a) T.44,8 (LPG), ( b) T.55,30 (LPG/SPG I), ( c) T.38,44 (SPG Il-IIIa), (d) T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa), ( e) T.39,32 (LPG), ( / ) T.80,65 (SPG II/IIIa), (g) T.54,30 (LPG), ( h) T.54,31 (LPG), ( i ) T.48,20 (LPG), ( ; ) T.74,36 (SPG Ilia), (k) Pyre27,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 2:3 except (d ) at 1:2 and ( / ) at 1:1

Plate 141

Faiencevasesandplaque,(a) T.42,20(LPGorSPG I), (b-c)and ( f-h) T.39,40,42,39 and38 (LPG), ( d-e) T.59,37-8(LPG/SPG).Scale2:3 except( d ) at 1:2

Plate 142

Select findsoffaience,glass and stone,(a-c) fingerrings,( d ) and ( g) seals, ( e) scarab,( / ) and ( h) pendents, ( i ) cylinderseal and ( /-/ ) beads, (a) T.39,37 (LPG), ( b) T.59,35 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.80,62-3 (SPG II/IIIa), ( d ) T.46,26 (LPG), ( e) T.59,36 (LPG/SPG), (f) T.45,34 (SPG I), (g) T.38,55 (SPG II-IIIa), { h) T.52,6 (SPG I-II), ( i) T.79,A19(SPG II), (j ) T.47,26,25,24(SPG II), ( k ) T.42,22 (LPG or SPG I), ( / )T.70,30 (LPG). Scale 3:2 except ( h-k) at 1:1 and ( e) at 2:1

Plate 143

Selectbronzevases, (a) T.42,17(LPG or SPG I), ( b) T.47,18(SPG II), (c) T.78,14(SPG II), {d ) T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), ( e) T.39,31 (LPG), ( f-h ) T.70,17and 20 (LPG). Scale 2:3 except ( c) at near 1:2

Plate 144

o

00 CS

ó

I

6 hi

O

Ph O)

Ò 00

°i LO

H

î

ie á

I cu

Plate 145

EngravedNear Easternbronze bowl, T.70,18(LPG). D. of rim,15.0 cms

Plate 146

CO

1 S

io

g* O

PLH (M

R H

o Ph c^

00

Vi

s 5 R H

-Ci

I

e ! 2

1

I

Plate 147

i CS

13



Q

I o oo

of 00

1 1 13 Oí

Xí
a o

¿

Plate 148

Selectweapons and armament:dirk,spearhead,spear-butt, axe/adzes,shield-boss,arrowheadsand knife.Of iron,except ( / ) and (g) ofbronze. ( a-b) Pyre 13,4and 5 (SPG II), ( c) T.79B,9 (SPG II), ( d ) T.39, 33 (LPG), ( e) T.54,33 (LPG), ( / ) Pyre 13,9(SPG II), (g) T.79A,14(SPG II), ( h) T.79B,12(SPG II), ( i ) T.39,34 (LPG), ( ; ) T.54,32 (LPG). Scale; 1:2, except ( f-h ) 2:3

Plate 149

StoneweightsfromTomb 79, chamber(B) and shaftfill(A). Most badly burnt,discolouredand fractured, withseveral incomplete.Almostcertainlyofhaemetite.Scale; near 1:1. See Table of Contentsfordetails.

10 Plates150-152 SHELLS AND IMPRESSIONS OF CLOTH AND WOOD

Plate 150

Shells from(a) Tomb 51, ( b) Tomb 48, ( c) Tomb 52, (d) Tomb 39 and ( e) Tomb 47

Plate 151

Shells from (a) Tomb 4(), ( b) Tomb 80. Cloth impressions, ( c) on dagger, T.39,35, ( d ) on fìbula T.57,7, (e) on situlaT.42,17

Plate 152

00 to io

H

1 . O

CO

¡í CU f-H

n lê c o

lã fi O

1 "S cu

it 2

E^T ^

t^ u co
is TJ.2

aï .52 ^

^

o

si

.r

I? o

G

11 Plates153-159 ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS AND COMPARANDA

Plate 153

co

1 v>

I Vi

'o V3

1

a 2§

al

S*eS

si

H N


Sa

li II ^_

CM

.2»

li

I a »a

I §

S

Plate 154

as necklaces.( a) T.59,41 ( b) T.42,21+22. Faience disc beads, strungarbitrarily

Plate 155

CO

s g JO

2 co (D

O

a ><

I

I a

o 13 cj JD O !

Plate 156

CO

iä o

ã

o CJ

i

I -Ci

I etì

î ì I !

•ë

i

Plate 157

1 -ö

¡î

1! "

GO

fi § ^0

¡•g

K g

li rH O

■5-*

il C of O 0)

¡i

1! Il

I

Plate 158

NearEasternengraved bronzebowls.( a) Metropolitan Museum,NewYork,Inv.no.74.51.5700. Comparanda. MuseumInv.no.15198.( c) Italianbronzegrater, MuseoGregorio Inv.no.11175. Etrusco, ( b) Teheran the'Heroon'. (d) Ironpinswithboneheadsandfaiencediscsfromburialwithin

Plate 159

Bronzefibulae, Ironpinwithboneheadandfaiencebeads (a-b) fromLemnos,(c) fromSkyros. Comparanda. the'Heroon'.Ironsword,adze andknife{e-g)fromLPG TombXXVII, intheAgora,Athens. ( d ) fromtheburialwithin SkalesCemetery scale1:1.( í ) Phoenician T.62,40;scale1:2. (A) NearEastern goldearring jug fromCyprus, ofshipsaccompanied of'Boeotian'bronzefibulaewithdepictions ( j-k ) Engraved bybirdsandfish. catchplates

12 TABLES OF TOMB AND PYRE CONTENTS, DATES AND STRATIFIED BURIALS Table 1: Tomband PyreContents Table2: Dates ofTombsand Pyres Table3: Stratified Burials

TABLE 1

TOMB NUMBERS CONTENTS

I I CuP

Skyphos

~

T.1

T.2

Z

psc

1

T.3

Z

~"

T.4

~"

circles

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos

1

JuQ^Qtet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos

I

1

1

T g

2

2

4

7__Z

2

coil

R Fibula

2

O N

2

1

S

N

1

T.11

ZZZZZI

~

ZZZZ Z

~

2

^~^

4

1

5

~~

6

9

Z

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z

L J_ Bracelet

f E

~

Z

1 2

Z ZZZZ Z Z^ZZ Z ZZZZZ s ~ ~" 2 Z ZZZZ Z ZZZH

v

Bracelet Grater Vessel Other Fibula pin Sword/dagger

T.9

Z

1

2

~

ZI ZZZZ Z

z

ZZZZZ ZZZZ Z ZZZZ ZZZZZI ZZZZ ZZZZZ Z

ZZZZZ Z

Z ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ~~~"~~ ZZZZ ™" """""""" ™" "~~~~~"

f ¿^==:^i=i=i=zi=iz=:i::=z=z:i=zz=; ~"

B J E C T S

T.8

1

î

Rin9 Band Attachment G Pendent

~

î

1

3 ' ~

_ TOTAL

Bead ™* j- Earring e _ other

Z

2

Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

P Handmadeburnished R Attic JT_ Other

0

5

Z ZZZZ

_Py*§

o M Y

T.7

~

^

L Lekythos

I

T.6

Z HZ!!!

^stalled other

O ¿I c I? A '

T.5

ZZZZ

ZZZZ ZZZZ ""ZZZZ

~~

~~~" ~" 2

~"

2

5

""""""" ~~ ~~~^~"

~ 1?

sPear

Axe/adze Knife Other

1

~

~

LEAD

"~"F"Vessel

Ring Scarab n Pendent E | Segmented bead bead GLASS other

ZZZZZ

I E

O T H E

"~

~

buib M AMBERbead

~ ZZ~

~"

~ ZZZZ

~

IZIZI

2

-

ZZZZZ Z ZIZZ Z ZZZZZ

bulb

STONE

injay whetstone

r other^ | CLAY bead

A L

~

293 __2

R CRYSTALbead

A T g

. "~

figurine

~

"~

1

~ ZZZZZZZZZI ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z

i

SHELLS

~ Z

ZZZZ ZZZZ

ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ

1

OTHER DATE

LPG

SPGI-II

LPG

SPG II

SPGII

(empty)

LPG

(empty)

?

(empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS T.12A

CONTENTS ~1

I Cup Skyphos

L n °£ c ' ^ T E R Y

T.12B

""""

1

~~

T.14

T.15

T.17

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/juglet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip

~~

~

2

£___1

1

~

2 1 1

2

~^^^_

~

~^^_

2

1

~

IZZIIZIIIIII

14 ~"

4

8 ~"

^^^

~"

4

Pendent Bead Earring Fibular Coil Pin Bracelet Fibula

Bracelet Grater Vessel Rivet Fibula Pin Sword/dagger Q Spear N Axe/adze Knife I I Other LEAD

M A T g R I A L

S

CLAY

1

1__

ZHIZ H HZZZ H ZZZH 1 1 4 ""

"""

~

"~

1

HZH H ZHZI

1

i

2

~

~

~ ~

î 1

~~"

3^

1 Ì ~ ~

I ^ I Vessel

i _Kng E Scarab C pe"dent E ' Segmented bead bead GLASS seal CRYSTAL bead bull) AMBER bead bulb inlay whetstone STONE

~

~^^2

~2 1

*

Hn

~

1

3 ~"

G Attachment

O T H E R

T.21

1

Handmadeburnished

Ring Band

B O J N E W C b T S 1

T.20

1

1

10

R _*"!£ T Other TOTAL

° »

~

1

1

,1,

0 L M D E T G A ,' L j_ D

T.19

T.18

~2~3~

psc circles pedestalled other

&cooking potfabric __ Coarse P

T.13

~~ ~~~~ ~

1?

~ ~

~

~"

~

~

~"

~~~~~~ ~

246

3

~

~'

~'

ZZZI

~

~

'~

~

2 _3

2 ~~

■-

^ bead other

-

-

--1

SHELLS BONE

1

plaque DATE

LPG

MPG

SPGII

LPG

SPGI

mrq/LPG

LPG

SPG Ilia

(empty)

(empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS CONTENTS

cup I i Skyphos Platepsc Crater

psc

circles pedestalled other

Amphoriskos L Lekythos Jug/jugtet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle

n

¡1 c S? A ' T £ "

Y

Other shapes ware Red-slip

¿

~

~

1

1

.

i 1

12

T.26

~^^ZZ Z

1

ZZZZ Z ZZZI

3 6

i ~

i

1?

2 1

T.25

~

T.28

i

~~ T.29 i

T.30

~

ZZZZ ~

2 4

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ ZZZZZZZZZZ Z ZZZZ 1

1 2

~

1

1

~

ZZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZZ ZZZZZ

z

-

T.27

ZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZZZ Ï

Handmadeburnished

T

Other TOTAL

6

Rin9

7 z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZZZZZZ Z ZZZZZZZZZ

h M D E T g A ,' L T

n g O N

Bead Earring Other Coil Pin Bracelet Fibula Pin Bracelet Grater Vessel

C fb Other T

4

13

ZZZZ ZZZZZ ~ 2

2

3

I

"~

~

Z

2

2

""

~

"~

ZZZZZ- ZZZZ

1

pin

ZZZÜZZ ZZZZZ

Sword/dagger

~

~

~

LEAD

IF,I vessel Ring

O C T E I Segmentedbead bead H GLASS other g CRYSTAL bead 0 bulb bead M AMBER bulb A T îDjay whetstone STONE E R other^ bead 1 CLAY other A

ZZZZZ

1

Axe/adze Knife

S S"^ Pendent

1

Z

2 4

~~

1

Arrowheads

1

17

~^ZZ1 Z ZZZZ Z ZZIZ

~~

9__

1__ Z

Fibula

N

S

i z zzzi z

P

G Attachment 0 Pendent

L

T.24

T.23A

ZZZZ Z ZZZZZ

Coarse &cooking fabric pot

Band

s

T.23

i z zzzz z

ware Black-slip

g^

O B J E

T.22

""

^~Z

""

~

14

~~zz

^^^

ZZZZ

ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ"ZZZZZ ~ "~ ZZZI :

53 c.2350 107

c.2000 21 .-

-

-.4^

~

~

"~

Ï

~

7

SHELLS OTHER

DATE

SPGII

SPGII

^*,

SPGII-

SPGI

LPG

SPGMl

SPGII

^

(empty)

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS T.31

CONTENTS

I Cup

Skyphos

psc

circles

pedestalled

Plate psc

p ~ Si 1

O _Ju9^glet oenochoe c Trefoil Amphora a L Hydria/hydriskos

~

0 n ^

Kalathos Feeding-bottle Otnershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip __ Coarse& cookingpotfabric

G

9

TOTAL ~"

Other Coil

Pin Sword/dagger

1 other

6

Î

~

~

~

15

i

2 """

2 2

1

32

Ü I Vessel

5

D C Pendent bead r E| Segmented bead i GLASS r other^ q CRYSTAL bead bulb bead A AMBER bulb ^ STONE

seal/amulet

I CLAY bead ^

11

2 5"

Ï

j

~

]

21

ïfZ

2

]

4

12_ZZZZZZZ=ZZZZZZZZZZ1ZZZZ^ZZZ^ ~

i

- - 3

~~~~2

Î ~ "" "~~~~

~"

2

2

2

1

-

"~

8

ï

I ]

]

'

î ì

] Î

1 &:-

^

ZZZ Z ZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZIZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ -, ~ ^^2 ZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ i î

"~~~

ï

q

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZ ZZZZ ZZZZ "ZZZZ 1 -

^

1

~

-- -

_

2

ZZZZ Z

2 3^

3^

!

~

-

700-I2

c.123

"~65"^" 2

2

|

Z ZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ

ÇËîer

-

¿¿q

6__

iíiüy

whetstone

1

^

""5

10

6

i

~

]

ZZZI Z

i

~~

i

2

q

3

1

~

î Jsssà Scaiab

1 i <¡'

4 1

F'b"ta

LEAD

j

~

3

Bracelet Grater Vessel Wheels

S Jess. N Axe/adze Knife

'

6

5

ZZZZIZ.

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z

R _Pin

r

"I

T.40

j

i

1

Attachment

_ B Fibula

r

~

ZZZZZ

T.39

ZZZZ

1

5

Other

K I ""

1

"~

ï

L T Bracelet

[=>

ZZZI

T.38

Z-^l- ZZZZZ_!_

zii^zi ruzzimi

^ LDJ&* Earnng

1 O 3 J N = r ^

T.37

Z

1

Handmadeburnished

nkifl _^Ë

T.36

"

0 Pendent

" E F G

T.35

Î

R _™2 T

ZZZZZ

1

_££*

P

T.34

~ ZZH ~ ^^

L Lekythos

¿

T.33

other

Crater Amphoriskos

I

T.32

1 ~ __._ZZZZZZZZ!ZIZIZZ ZZZI Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ~^^2 ~

SHELLS

~

"~

~ï

ï

i

2

2

OTHER

59

2 DATE

SPGIlia

SPGIlia

SPG Ilia

(empty)

(empty)

SPGIlia

SPG I?

SPG "" Ilia

LPG

LPG/ SPGI

TABLE 1 (continued) TOMB NUMBERS T.41

CONTENTS I C"P Skyphos

I

L O P ° c ' A T £ R Y

I

P

1

1

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos JuQfrgbt Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

6 1

S

~

T.46 1

"""

1 1 2

T.47

T.48

2 1

3 1

~

T.49

T.50

~^^_

H

1

~

~^^_

~ 1 1

3

1 3 1

2 1 18

4 1 4

2

1

1

~

~

1 1

1

1__

. 2 2

g

3

2 7

8

Z 1

1 2

1 1

30

20

9

11

1 1

2 2

2

*"~ 1 6

2

1 2 1

_________

2

2

~__6

1

2 1

2

1 1

1 2

1

4

1? ~

~

T" vessel

"

~

~

1 1

~

~~

1 * 1

^

___ 1

1 E

M A T E R I A L

1 1

2

Band G Attachment 0 Pendent - : ¡- - -Bead D Earring E ____Foil T G Coil A ¡_ _Pjn L ___ Bracelet D Fibula

O T H E R

~

1 1?

Rin9

Ring Scarab C Pendent E I Segmentedbead bead GLASS other CRYSTAL bead bulk) AMBER bead bulb «nlay whetstone STONE balls bead CLAY other

T.45

4

1 1

12

Bracelet Grater Vessel Other Fibula Pin Sword/dagger Spear 0 N Axe/adze Knife I I Other LEAD

~

T.44

1

Handmadeburnished

B 0 J N E ' C fc T S •

"~

T.43

1

psc circles pedestalled other

r _Attic T Other TOTAL _

~

~

T.42

2

~

ZZZZ

1 29

1 413+

16

c.9250 1 ~~

~"

150 33

~ ~

A 1 4

:

1 21 4

1

SHELLS

18

25

20

135

spG,

LPG

SPGII

LPG

1

OTHER DATE

g*

LPGor

?

LPG

JJPG-

LPG-

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

T.50

CONTENTS I C"P Skyphos

L n •T r ° ' ¿ T | R Y

I P

§ T

T.51

1 1 6

~

T.58

~"

1

T.59 1 1

2 1

1

1

~~~~~

~^ZZ

2

9 ~~

2

1 1

1 17 2_

1

~~~~~~~~

"~

2

~~

6 3

1

27

19

"""

5

~

1 1

1 1 25

j

_ _§ "~

*"

2 2

1

1

1 2 2 4

O N

Bracelet Grater 'E Vessel Other Fibula Pin 1 Sword/dagger 0 Spear N Axe/adze Knife | | Other LEAD

T.57

T.56

2

1

Handmadeburnished Attic Other TOTAL

2

2

2__

2

2

2

6

"~ 2

-" i

1

1 i

i? 1

1

2^

2?

1 1

1 ~"

~

1

3J

~

~

~

~^^_ 4 12

~2_

2 1 1 5525 62+

2Ë£

M A

CRYSTAL bead buto AMBER bead b"«b

g

STONE

1 A

CLAY

R

15

3 1 6 2

1

I £ ' Vessel 1 _Ring E Scarab O C Pendent E bead | Segmented |T bead H GLASS

t

T.55

3

2

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/juglet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

° 5 Ph

E

T.54

2

psc circles pedestalled otht£

G O L M P E T G _Çoil A [ _Pin L _r_ Bracelet 0 Fibula

0 R

T.53

1

Ring Band Attachment Pendent Bead Earring Other

B J E C T S

T.52

m

whetstone

1__ 1

~

2Ë22U

bead wheel

i

s_!^f

i

1

t

OTHER

DATE

£<*

SPG I

SPG Ml

?

LPG

£<*

(empty)

LPG

LPG

LPG/

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS T.60

CONTENTS

I I C"P

Skyphos '

L n *T ° p ' ^ T | R Y

¿P

~

T.62A

T.62B

1

1

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/juglet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

1

:

3 ""

12 "*~

-

Axe/adze Knife I j Other LEAD | F j vessel ^

whetstone

| A L

CLAY

bead other

R

--

3

1

1

1 1? i "~"

"~"

1?

~

~

""

"~

~

1

inlfy

STONE

1 -

8 2 2?

I _Rjng E Scarab n Pendent E | Segmented bead bead GLASS other CRYSTAL bead bulb AMBER bead bulb

g

2 1 6

1

Grater Vessel Other Fibula Pin Sword/dagger

1

i

;

Other TOTAL

T.68

T.67

Z^Zl

3

Handmadeburnished

S-Spear^

t

~

.

o r^ZZZIIZIZIZIIZIIIIZIIZZZZZIZIZZZZZI B O Bracelet

M A

T.66

T.65

1 6

1

G 0 L M D E T G _Coil A ¿ _Pin L T Bracelet „ Fibula

O j H g p

~~

1

Ring Band Attachment Pendent Bead Earring Disc

J N E p C E T S 1

T.64

T.63

psc circles pedestalled other

r j*ç T

~~

T.61

420

~

^îi8!

~~

~ 3^

8 12

SHELLS OTHER DATE

?

empty

LPG

MPG

LPG

LPG

empty

J^",

empty

?

TABLE 1 (continued) TOMB NUMBERS T.69

CONTENTS ~1

Skyphos

L O ¿T ~ c 1 A T L jj R Y

I P

S T

G O JD

M E T A L

G

"~2~

~~~

T.74

T.73

~

T.77

T.76

T.75

~

2

1

~ 1

1 2

1 2

1

6 1 2

3

■ 1

Handmadeburnished Attic Other TOTAL Ring Band Attachment Pendent

T.72

.

PlatePsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos JuQfluQtet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

j 16

1 "

9 2

10

1

Earring Other Coil

1

'

2

13

1

Bead

2 2

2 2

2 3

6

4

__

2 1

1

1 2

~

~

~

~~

~

~

~

~

| Other

LEAD

1f I Vessel

"

%J™* Pendent

O C bead T E I Segmented bead H GLASS other g R CRYSTAL bead M A T E

AMBER

| A

CLAY

STONE

k **»

ZZH

1

7 Jting

r

1

psc circles pedestalled other

[ _Pin j_ Bracelet Q Fibula O R Pin B O Bracelet J N Grater E p Vessel C E Other T Fibula S Pin 1 Sword/dagger 2 Spear N Axe/adze Knife I

T.70

Ï

| C"P

T.71

474

30

buit)

2

bead bulb jnjay whetstone

~

~

~~

~

muz ;

:

?jüei

bead figurines/balls

z 5

OTHER

DATE

^P^/l|

LPG

LPG

empty

empty

SPG Ilia

?

empty

empty

TABLE 1 (continued) TOMB NUMBERS CONTENTS

~~| | C"P

Skyphos

L o P ° r ' ^. T L | R Y

"

T.77

T-76

T.79B

2

Z

psc circles pedestalted other

T.79A

T.78

~

1

__ _____

8 ; 1

2 5 14+_

4 -

-

-

2 1 49 7

2 7

2__ ~"

~~

~

3 23 2 2

'

2 __J 3^

1

2

__2 "

1 1 5_

'

1 3 ~ 28~

2

'

~

~

3^

g -§2SË Pe"dent

O e j E | Segmentedbead bead H GLASS E othe¿ CRYSTAL bead R bulb bead M AMBER bulb A inlay j whetstone E STONE

SHELLS

T.83

HHZ -

14

LEAD I F I vessel Ring Î

L

~

L_ _

O-^ H Axe/adze Knife ArrowneadF I

S

T.82

8

G 0 L M D E T G _Coi¡ A ¿ _Pin L t Bracelet n Fibula O R Pm B O Bracelet J N Grater E p Vessel C _ Other T Fibula S Pin 1 Sword/dagger

A

~~

2 1

1

R'"9 Band Attachment Pendent Bead Earring Other

CLAY

T.81

9 1

3 2

f!, ; P Handmadeburnished r Attic J_ Other __ TOTAL

r |

~"

3

1

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/jug^ oenochoe Trefoil Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

T.80

__

120

' 2 2 4^

oth£ bead

10+

;

11

SO™. 138

OTHER DATE

empty

empty

» JPG

SPG „

SPG ,,

SPG II

empty

empty

gpQ , „

TABLE1 (continued) PYRE NUMBERS

~~P.1 ~

CONTENTS

I i Cup Skyphos

psc

circles

ZZZ

pedestalled other

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos

p ÎT c ir A T

ZZZZ

-

Rin9

7

Z

ZZZZZ

Band

Bracelet Fibula

~

1

J N Grater E ' Vessel C ___Other T Fibula S Pin 1 Sword/dagger

M

a t

AMBER

buto bead

4+

?

2+

~

~

-

4

| A -

CLAY

bead button

1 i

2-t-

""

~~ ~~~

~

~~

~

~

__

______ ~~~

~

-

-

-

-

-

~

~

-""

~

~

~

~~ -

~

~

' 1 '

~ '

~~ ~~~~

~

~

'

~ '

~ZZ~

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ H

~

~

~

~

~ "~~"

-

-

~

-

Z

Z

Z

Z ~

"" ~~

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z 1

Z

~

1

SHELLS

5 ^^____^^_^^__^_^___^^^_____ ^______ --m DATE

3+

______

rtteL

OTHER(antler)

~

ZZZZ Z! -ZZZZ r

inlay

whetstone

i

ZZZÜZ ZZZZII ZZZI

bufo

STONE

^^~~^

1+

+

1? ~

Spear Axe/adze Knife Other

E

R

""" ~

.«-____

LEAD(earrings) I ^ I Vessel Ring Î E Scarab c< Pendent E | Segmented bead bead GLASS other^ CRYSTAL bead

~

1± 1+

farring Other Coil

2B O« "» Bracelet

O j H g p

~

g^

A ¿ Pin

O N

P.10

ZZZI

~

ZZZZ

0 Pendent

p

P.9

;

G Attachment

L T

P.8

z zzz z zzz z ~

4

+

_T_ Other TOTAL

M D E ^^ T G

P.7

A

P (Handmade - burnished g-Ãii^

L

~

P.6

_ZZZ Z

1

2

Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

[: " Y

~

P.5

ZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z IZZZI Z ZZZI Z ZZZZ Z ZIZZ Z

Jug/jugtet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos

Pyxis

J

P.4 "~ P.3i ~ zzzz ~

_+

L Lekythos

n

~

P.2

________ _________ _________^

1O+ LPG?

LPG

SPG Ml

LPG

?

(empty)

LPG?

SPG l-ll

(empty)

(empty)

TABLE 1 (continued) PYRE NUMBERS CONTENTS

i i cup Skyphos

L n JT c S? ^ T T E R Y

I P

p T

psc circles pedestalled other

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/jugiet oenochoe Trefoil Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip

P11/12

P.13

iz zzz_zizzzzz 1

P.14

P.15

15+

P.16

zzzzz

P.17

P.20

P.19

P.18

P.21

iz i zizzzzz_^izz n zzzm 1

2+ 2+ 1 2 1

2+

1 1

~~~

Coarse& cooking potfabric Handmadeburnished Attic Other TOTAL

~

~~~~~~~

ZZZZZ

2 4+

Ring

6+

19+

1

1 1?

1

2

1

4

Band

E T A L

G Attachment O Pendent L Bead D - r- : Earring Other G Coil I Pin t Bracelet n Fibula

O g P* B O J N E p h C T S I

Bracelet Grater Vessel Other(Shieldboss) Fibula Pin Sword/dagger Q Spear N Axe/adze Knife 1 | Other(Spits) LEAD

i 1 i

~

E Scarab Pende"* O e T E | Segmentedbead bead H GLASS other g p R CRYSTAL bead buib^ bead M AMBER bulb A inlay j whetstone E STONE I

CLAY

L

SHELLS

A

S

1

g J q+

I E I Vessel , JRirg

R

1

-

-

~

_

_______

;

1

2_[

bead

2_I

OTHER DATE

LPG

SPG II

SPG Ilia

(empty)

(empty)

(empty)

?

LPG

(empty)

^G

H/

TABLE 1 (continued) PYRE NUMBERS P.23

CONTENTS I I CuP

T T

P25

P26

P.27

P.28

P.29

P30

P.31

psc circles pedestalled other

1__ 1

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/juglet Trefoil oenochoe

i 1__

A A^^8 . L

Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis

Pathos

5 H Y

_

Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

P

Handmadeburnished

¿

1

1 1

'

g ^53 T

G O L M D E T G A I L t O B J E C T

S

n ° O N * E

I

Ì

Other TOTAL

2

3

|

CLAY

-

SHELLS

A

2_

1

~

1?

^^2

Sword/dagger

I E | Vessel ' _Ring E Scarab Pèsent O c bead j E | Segmented bead H GLASS other g R CRYSTAL bead bu_D bead M AMBER bulb A T !_ay whetstone g STONE

4 ~"

1

Pin

Knife | | Other LEAD

:

1

Ring Band Attachment Pendent Bead Earring other Coil Pin Bracelet Fibula Pin Bracelet Grater Vessel Other Fibula

g"5*55 N Axe/adze

R

P.32

~1

Skyphos

L n •I c °

P.24

1?

■

-

-

~-

-

1

________

~

~~

2__[

bead

2ÜH

OTHER

DATE

SPGIlia

(empty) (empty) (empty) SPGIlia

^j^,

(empty) (empty) SPGlila

LPG

TABLE 1 (continued)

PYRE NUMBERS CONTENTS

Cup ~~l i Skyphos

P33

~

P.34

~

_J_ Other

total

-

~ZZZ

JuQfrQtet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershaf>es Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

R Attic

~

~

IZZZZZ ZZZZ ZI ZZZZZ ZZZZ Z UZZI ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ ;

~ ~

- - i- - -

i

-

__^~

~

- --- -

2

ZZZZ

- - -

_-

-

-

- - -

-

G Attachment

0 Pendent L Bead M D Earring E __ Other T G Coil A _ _Rin L T Bracelet n Fibula

~

1

- ^-

Ring Band

~~

zzzz z

~

L Lekythos

M P Handmadeburnished

~

i

psc circles pedestalted other

Platepsc Crater Amphofiskos

O ¿I ~ c 1 A T *: " Y

p.35

~~^_

~

~

_____

ZZZZZ

- - - -

-

Z ZZZ! Z ZZZ Z ZZZZZ ZZZI

- -- - - - - -

Z ZZZI ~

? «____

""

v

_ - -

- - - -

Z ZZZ ~Z

ZI^~~

~

~

2B Og Pin Bracelet J N E I C E T S 1

Grater Vessel Other Fibula Pin Sword/dagger

~

o sp°ar N Axe/adze Knife Other

~~

I EI vesse' E

Ring

Scarab O C Pendent T E | Segmentedbead bead H GLASS E ot_r r CRYSTAL bead ^

a t

g R | A -

S

AMBER

buit> bead

ZZZ

~~

ZZZZ

""

~~

!ZZZ

~

ZZZZZ ZZZ! Z

Z ZZZ

_?y

whetstone

CLAY

other; bead other^

-

SHELLS OTHER DATE

SPG II

¿PO/I SPG

?

-

~~

Z -

ZZZ! -

ZZZI Z ZZZ!

~'

ZZZZ

_]ZZZZZ ZZZIZ! ZZZZZ

bu|b

STONE

~

?

ZZZI Z ZZZIZ ZZZ! Z ZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZI Z Ï

LEAD

i

~

~~

____

ZZZI Z ZZZ ZI ZZZZ

TABLE2 LIST OF TOMBSAND PYRES WITH PROPOSEDDATES TOMBS

PYRES

T-1 LPG T.33 T. 2 SPG I - 11 T.34 T-3 LPG T.35 H T-4 SPG T.36 T.5 SPG II T.37 T.6 (empty) T.38 T-7 LPG T.39 T.8 (empty) j.4O ? T-9 T.41 T.1O no tomb y.42 T.11 (empty) T.43 T.12A LPG T.44 T.12B MPG T.45 T. 13 SPG II T.46 T-14 LPG T.47 T-15 5PG ! T.48 T.16 no tomb T#49 T.17 LPGor MPG/LPGT.5O T.18 LPG T.51 T.19 SPG Ilia 7.52 T.20 (empty) T#53 T.21 (empty) j.54 T.22 SPG II T.55 T.23 SPG II T.56 T.23A T.24 T.25 T.26 T.27 T.28 T.29 T.30 T.31 T.32

LPG/SPGI SPG II-IIIa SPG I LPG SPG I-II SPG II LPG/SPGI (empty) SPG Ilia SPG Ilia

T.57 T.58 T.59 T.60 T.61 T.62A T.62B T.63 T.64 T.65

SPG Ilia (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia SPG I? SPG II-IIIa LPG LPG/SPGI LPG/SPGI LPGor SPG I ? LPG SPG I LPG SPG II LPG MPG-LPG LPG-SPGI SPG I SPG I-II ? |_PG LPG/SPGI (empty) LPG LPG LPG/SPG ? (empty) LPG MPG LPG LPG (empty)

y.66 j.67 y.68 T.69 T.70 T.71 T.72 T.73 j.74 T.75 T.76 T.77 T.78 T.79 T.80 T.81 T.82 T.83

LPG-SPGI (empty) ? LPG-SPGII LPG LPG (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia ? (empty) (empty) SPG II SPG II SPG II/IIIa (empty) (empty) SPG I-II

XVI SQUARE spG ma

P.1 P. 2 P. 3 P. 4

LPG? LPG SPG I - 11 I PG

? p. 5 P. 6 (empty) p. 7 LPG? P. 8 SPG I-II p. 9 (empty) p. 10 p. 11/ P. 12 LPG P. 13 SPG II P. 14 SPG Ilia p-15 (empty) P. 16 (empty) P. 1V (empty) p-18 ? P. 19 LPG P. 20 (empty) p. 21 SPG II/IIIa P. 22 ? P. 23 SPG Ilia P. 24 (empty) P. 25 (empty) P. 26 (empty) P. 27 SPG Ilia P. 28 LPG/SPGI P. 29 (empty) P. 30 (empty) P. 31 SPG Ilia P. 32 LPG P. 33 SPG II P. 34 LPG

TABLE3

STRATIFIED BURIALS

MPG

MPG/ LPG

LPG

T. 12 B

T. 12 A

T. 62 B

7- T 62 A T. 17

.

LPG/ SPG I

SPG II

SPG I

SPG Ilia

P. 1 T. 26 P. 4 T. 57

T. 3-

T. 55

j-T.

T. 13

15

P 7 (?) 1_ T. 29 - !

T. 27 T. 51

T. 48 1

T. 54 J

T. 5

I 1 1 T. 14 J T. 24

-,

T. 23

T. 23 A

T. 28

R 32 -

P. 33 T. 40 - ■

- P- 13

T. 50 -

■

P. 14

T. 75 P. 25 T. 40

P. 13 T. 52 -

T. 47

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193

Section1 and AreaPlans Cemetery PLATE Planshowing 1. Lefkandi. therelative ofthesettlement area. positions 'Xeropolis'andthecemetery 2. Cemetery areashowing thelocationoftheToumbabuilding andburialground. 3. 4.

PlanoftheToumbacemetery after the1992season'sexcavation. Planshowing ofthecemetery andMPG building atToumba. therelative positions

5.

TrenchplanoftheToumbacemetery.

Section2 Tomband PyrePlans PLATE 6. PlansofTombs38 and39. Scale 1:20. A photograph ofthemassivecoverslabsoverthistombandofitsdensefloordepositisgivenatPLATE 29a-b. 7.

PlansofTombs40-42.Scale 1:20. PLATE29c-dshowsmoreclearly theposition ofthe'attachments' andgoldbands,whichhasa bearing on theirfunction.

8.

PlansofTombs43 and44, andPyres11and 13.Scale 1:20.

9.

PlansofTombs45, 46 and48. Scale 1:20. A viewofthefloordepositofTomb46 is givenatPLATE30a.Theunusually largecoverslabsofTomb 48 areshownatPLATE30Z>.

10. PlansofTombs47 and52. Scale 1:20. 11. PlanofTomb49; primary burial.Scaleas shown. Remainsofthewoodencoffin wereespecially wellpreserved on theN.,S. andW.wallsoftheshaft, to be seenatPLATE31b,andin close-upat PLATE32c-d. 12. PlanofTomb49 showing burialpartly overlaidbya subsequent mud-brick wall,andthelater primary burialshaft withtwovasesin thefill.Scaleas shown. of thesecondary The fainttracesof thewoodencoffin burialcan be seen at PLATE 323,and the amphoraandjug insituat PLATE32a. 13. Tomb49; east-west sectionacrossthesouthendoftheshaftatthepointindicated on PLATE 11.Scale as shown. in therefill Levels1 to 7 aredifferent ofthetombafter theinitialfillhad stagesofvarying consistancy removedandthemud-brick divisionconstructed forthesecondary burial. beenalmostentirely

'

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194

PLATE 14. Plans ofTombs50, 51, 53 and 54. Scale 1:20. Tomb 50, one of the Attictypeurn burialsin thiscemetery.The neck of its amphora witha 'killed' swordwrappedaroundit is to be seen at PLATE 30a and aftersome clearanceat PLATE 30 b. It is possiblethattheprojectingslab at the E. end ofTomb 51 was a marker,but,ifso, unique as such. A view ofthefloordepositofTomb 54 is givenat PLATE 23 a. 15.

Plan ofTomb 55. Scale 1:20. A mostunusualcase of a double burial,witha cremationcontainedin a largejar withlid (PLATE 61, T.55,1),and an inhumationon the floorof the shaft.

16.

Plan ofTombs51 and 58. Scale 1:20. An Attictypeburialwithno offerings otherthanthe amphoracontainingthe cremation(PLATE 67).

17.

Plan ofTomb 59. Scale 1:20.

18.

Plans of Tombs 60, 66 and 69. Scale 1:20.

19.

Plans ofTombs 62A, 62B and 63. Scale 1:20. Tomb 62A withwalls of mud-brickconstructedover Tomb 62b, shownat PLATE 34¿z. A view of Tomb 63 is givenat PLATE 33b withclose-upsof the gold discs (PLATE 131) and, unusually,of thefaiencebeads of one necklacein positionundisturbedat PLATE 33 (c) and ( d ). The pile ofvases at the S. end of the shaftis shownat PLATE 34¿.

20.

Plans ofTomb 64 and Pyres14 and 15. Scale 1:20 except detailsof Pyre 14 deposit,illustrated also at PLATE 35c.

21.

Tomb 68, horseburial 1. Scale as shown. The upper of two partlysuperimposedhorseburials,withan ironbit,poorlypreserved,in itsmouth.

22.

Tomb 68, the superimposedhorseburials 1 and 2. Scale as shown. The lowerhorseburial,also withironbit.No otherfinds.There is a clear precedentin thehorse burialswithinthe 'Heroon'. See also PALTE 35a-b.

23.

Plans ofTombs 70 and 71. Scales, T.70 at 1:20; T.71 at 1:10. Tomb 71 also illustratedat PLATE 34c.

24.

Plans ofTombs 74 and 75. Scales, T.74 at 1:15; T.75 at 1:20; T.74 a view is givenof the floordeposit at PLATE 34d.

25.

Plans ofTombs 73, 76 and 77.Scale 1:20. Tomb 73, an example of a typeof tombwitha verynarrowlower compartment, illustratedat PLATE 36a.

26.

Plans ofTombs 78 and 79, shaftand side niche.Scales, T.78 near 1:25; T.79, shaftat 1:20, nicheat 1:6. Tomb 78, thebronzevessel,no. 14,is shown in situat PLATE 36b. Tomb 79, a unique tombconsistingof a shaftwitha side niche containingthe cremationurn (a bronze cauldron)and weapons,to be seen in situat PLATE 36c A preliminary accountof the tomband itsfindshas been publishedby M.R. Popham and I.S. Lemos in OJA14 (1995), 151-7.

27.

Plans ofTomb 80 floordeposit.Scale 1: 12. One oftherichestburialsin thecemetery;itsfloordepositand massivecoverslabs shownat PLATE 37. The positionof thepins and thepresumedpositionof the head, largelyunderlyingthepile ofvases at the E. end, suggestthe existenceof a wooden coffin, thoughno traceof one remained.

28.

Plans ofTomb 80, cover slabs,and Tombs 81-83. Scale 1:20.

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195

Section3 ViewsofSelectTombsand Pyres (Referenceto thesePlates,withcomment,is givenin Section2 above, underthe relevant Tomb or Pyre)

PLATE 29. [ä-b) Tomb39,coverslabsandfloordeposit;[c-d)Tomb42,floordepositand details. 30. (a) Tomb46,floordeposit;(b) Tomb48, coverslabs;(c-d) Tomb58, shaftandpitwithburialurn andsword. 31. 32. 33. 34.

it. burialshowing thesubsequent divisionwallpartly Tomb49, (a-b) primary overlying oflaterburial; Tomb49, (a ) amphoraandjug in fillabovesecondary burial;(b) wooddustsurround ofcoffin ofearlierburial. (c-d) woodremains (a) Tomb54,floordeposit;(b-d) Tomb63,floordepositand details. surround; (b) Tomb59,heapofvasesatwestendofshaft; (a ) Tomb62a,floordepositandmud-brick floordepositof(c) Tomb71,and (d) Tomb74.

andbronzes. (a-b) Tomb68,doublehorseburial;(c) Pyre14,surface depositofpottery ofshaft;(b) Tomb78,bronzevasein positionon floor;(c) lowercompartment 36. (a) Tomb73,slit-like Tomb79,thesidenicheanditsdeposit. 37. Tomb80, (a ) massivecoverslabs;(b) floordeposit. 35.

Section4 Tomband PyreContents

PLATE 38. Tomb38,contents (part).Scale 1:3. 39. Tomb38,contents (part).Scales1:3fornos.23-9,and 1:2fornos.43-54. 40.

Tomb38,contents Scale 1:1 exceptno. 56. Tomb39, contents (remainder). (part);1:2fornos.24-7, 29,44 and45; 1:3forno. 23 and2:5 forno. 28.

41.

Tomb39,contents (part).Scale 1:3. Tomb39,contents (part).Scale 1:3.

42. 43.

Tomb39,contents Scales1:2fornos.32-4,36 and38-43; 1:3fornos.31 and35; 2:3 (remainder). forno. 37,and 1:6forno. 30.

44.

Scales1:3fornos. 1-14; 1:2fornos. 15,20 and22-3; 2:3 fornos. 16and 19. Tomb40,contents. Scale 1:3 except13-14at 1:2. Tomb41,contents.

45.

196

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLATE 46. Tomb 42, contents.Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-8, 17 and 20; 1:2 fornos. 9, 10-15 and 18; 2:3 forno. 19. 47.

Tomb 44, contents.Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-7 and 1:2 fornos. 8-9. Pyre 11/12,contents(part).Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-3 and 1:6 fornos. 4-5.

48.

Pyre 13,contents(part).Scales 1:2 fornos. 1-3 and 9-10; 1:3 fornos. 4-8 and 11.

49.

(A) fromPyre 11/12.(B) surfacesherdsfromSquare XII. (C) and (D) Pyre 13,contents(part).(E) surfacesherdsfromSquare XIII. Scale of (D) 1:3; remainderas shown.

50.

Tomb 45, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

51.

Tomb 45, contents(remainder).Scales, of vases 1:3, rest2:3 exceptno. 35 as shown.

52.

Tomb 46, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

53.

Top: Tomb 46, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest2:3 exceptno. 27 as shown.Bottom: Tomb 47, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

54.

Top: Tomb 47, contents(remainder).Scale 2:3. Bottom:Tomb 48, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

55.

Tomb 48, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest1:2.

56.

Tomb 49, contents.Scales: no. 1 at 1:4, no. 2 at 1:3, nos. 3-6 at 1:1,nos. 8-9 at 2:3 and no. 11 as shown.

57.

Top: Tomb 50, contents.Scales: vase 1:6, weapons 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 51, contents(part).Scale 1:3. Tomb 51, contents(remainder).Nos. 1,3, 4, 5 and 7 fromtombfill.Scales: vases and model 1:3, rest 1:2.

58. 59.

Top: Tomb 52 contents.Scales: vases and no. 5 at 1:3, restat 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 54, contents(part). Scale 1:3.

60.

Tomb 54, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

61.

Top: Tomb 54, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 29, 30, 31 and 32 at 1:2, restat 1:3. Bottom:Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: nos. 1-2 at 1:4, no. 4 at 1:3. Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: vases 1:3, fibulaeat 1:2.

62. 63.

Top: Tomb 55, contents(remainder).Scales: no. 32 at 1:3, nos. 34-35, 21-27 at 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 51, contents.Scales: vases at 1:3, fibulaat 1:2.

64.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

65.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

66.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scales: vases, fibulae,pin and faiencevases 1:3,jewelleryand faienceringat 1:3; scarab at 2:3.

67.

Top: Tomb56, contents(remainder).Scales as shown.Bottom:Tomb 58, Tomb 60, Tomb 61 and Tombs 62A and B, contents.Scale 1:3 exceptTomb 58 amphoraat 1:6.

68.

Tomb 63, contents(part).Scales: vases 1:3,jewellery,nos. 13-17 1:2.

69.

Top: Tomb 63, contents(remainder).Scale 1:3 exceptno. 33 as shown.Bottom:Tombs 64, 66 and 69, contents.Scales: vases 1:3, fibulae2:5, and T.64, 2-9 as shown.

70.

Tomb 70, contents(part).Scales: vases,nos. 1 and 3, 1:3; no. 2 1:4; bronzes,no. 17as shown,no. 18 2:5 and no. 20 3:4; pins,nos. 27-8 and jewellery,nos. 4-5 and 8-14 at 2:3.

71.

Top: Tomb 70, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 3, 6 and 7 as shown,rest,2:3. Bottom:Tomb 71, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

72.

Top: Tomb 71, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, no. 17 3:2, no. 18 1:1; nos. 19 and 20 2:3. Bottom:Tomb 74, contents(part).Scale 1:3 exceptnos. 11 and 12 1:2.

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197

PLATE 73. Top: Tomb 74, contents(remainder).Scales: jewellerynos. 18-34 and 39 1:2, bronzesnos. 35-38 1:2, nos. 13-17and 40 as shown.Bottom:Tomb 75, contents.Scales: nos. 1-3 1:2 and no. 5 1:3. 74.

Top: Tomb 78, contents.Scales: vases 1:3,jewellerynos. 8-14 2:3, nos. 6 and 12 as shown.Bottom: Tomb 79, contents(part).Stone weights.Scale as shown.

75.

Tomb 79, contents(part).Scale 1:3,

76.

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),contents(part).Scales: A6 1:3, A8 1:3, A14 1:6.

77

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),contents(part).Scale near 1:2.

78.

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),and 79B (niche)contents(part).Scales: Bl (cauldron)1:3, B2, B9, B10-11 1:3,rest as shown.

79.

Tomb 79A and B, contents(remainder).Scales: A10-11 1:3,A12-13 as shown,B3, A16-7, A2, A15, B5, B4 and A2 1:1,B6 as shown.

80.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

81.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

82.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

83.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

84.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

85.

Tomb 80, contents(remainder).Scales: no. 50 2:3, nos. 51-6 and 62-3 1:1, and nos. 57-9 1:2; no. 68 1:2; restas shown.

86.

Pyre 14,contents(part).Scale 1:3.

87. 88.

Pyre 14,contents(part).Scales, potteryas shown,bronzesnos. 17, 18 and 20 1:2. Pyre 14,contents(remainder).Sherdsof craterno. 16. Scale as shown.

89.

Contentsof Pyre 19,a possible Pyre21 and Pyre23 (part).Scale 1:3.

90.

Pyre23, contents(remainder).FragmentsofAtticvases. Scale near 1:2. Contentsof Pyres27, 28, 31 and 32. Scales: pottery1:3 exceptPyre32, 2 at 1:4; fibulaPyre27 at 1:2; ironobjects,Pyre31, and Pyre32, nos. 3-4 as shown.

91. 92.

ofan Atticpyxis.Scale Top: ContentsofPyres33 and 34. Scale 1:3. Bottom:Square XVI, 14,fragments 1:3.

Section5 fromFillsand Surface Pottery PLATE 93. PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4. 94. 95. 96.

PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4. PotteryfromSquare XVI (remainder).Scales: no. 16 1:3, restas shown. Potteryand twofibulaefromTomb and Pyrefills,(a ) Tomb 61, (b) Pyre 17,(c-d ) Tomb 51, (e-f ) Tomb regionof 61, (g) Pyre20. Scales; {e-f) 2:3, (g) 1:2, restas shown.

198

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLATE 97. Potteryfrom surface of (a ) Tr. XV, (b ) Tr. C, (c-d ) Tr. XIX. 98.

Potteryfrom surface of {a ) Tr. XIX, (b ) Tr. XIV, (c) Tr. XIV + XVI, (d ) Tr. XVII, (e) Tr. XVIII

Section6 Drawingsof SelectVases and Figurines

PLATE 99. Selectvases,Kalathoi.T. 45,13 (SPG 1),T.63,6 (LPG), Cups, T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13(LPG/SPG I) also illustratedPLATE 115«,Pyre 28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG) also illustratedPLATE 115A.Skyphoi, Pyre28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T79A,3 (SPG II) restoredin drawingfroma fragmentary example,T.47,3and PLATE 112e and d, T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) a unique variantof 4, bothminiatures,(SPG II) also illustrated the circles skyphos,also illustratedPLATE 112g Pedestalled kantharos,T.45,27 (SPG I), the only PLATE 113c.Scale 1:3. example of thisshape, also illustrated 100.

Select vases. Pendentsemicircleskyphoi.Pyre 34,1 (LPG), T.48,1 (LPG) also illustratedPLATE Ilio, PLATE Ilio, T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), T.80,10and 11 (SPG II/IIIa), no. 10 also T.57,1(LPG) also illustrated PLATE 111/Pyre 14,1,3and 8 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3. illustrated

101.

Select vases. Pedestalledskyphoi.T.80,2 (SPG II/IIIa) an addition to those illustratedin the tomb groupat PLATES 81-2, T.74,8 (SPG Ilia) also ilustratedPLATE 113a,Pyre23 (SPG Ilia) restoredin drawing.Shallow bowls; strap-handledSq. XVI,9 = ?Pyre21 (SPG II/IIIa); withdouble or single withcommenton PLATE 112 a-c. Scale 1:3. handles,T.80,15,23and 25 (SPG II/IIIa) also illustrated

102.

PLATE 114B,T.55,3 and Selectvases. Pendentsemicircleplates,T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I) also illustrated 4 (LPG/SPG I) also illustratedPLATE 114A and C with comment,Sq. XVI, 8 = ?Pyre 21 (SPG II/IIIa), restoredin drawingfroman incompletevase. Scale 1:3.

103.

Selectvases. Pendentsemicircleplates,Pyre 14, 16 (SPG Ilia), T79A,4 and 6 (SPG II), no. 6 being largelyrestoredin drawing.Scale 1:3.

104.

Selectvases.Jugs,T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I). FeedingbottleT.48,9 (LPG). Basket-handled jar T.45,4 (SPG I). Lekythos,T.63,9 (LPG). Small hydriai,T.74.2 (SPG Ilia) also illustratedPLATE 119(c), T.45,3 (SPG I) also PLATE 117«,T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13 (LPG) and T.38,2. Flask, Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia) also PLATE 119(0). Scale 1:3.

105.

Select vases. Pyxides,T.38,1 (SPG II-IIIa), T.51,14 and 15 (SPG I), T.46,9 (LPG). Basket-handled amphora,T.51,22(SPG I). Coarsewareamphora,T.83,1 (SPG I-II). Scale 1:3 exceptT.83,1at near 1:4.

106.

Select vases. Large local craterwithpedestalledfootand fourdouble handles,T.79A,7 (SPG II), very in drawing,see PLATE 77.Ht. 38.5. and incomplete;reconstructed fragmentary PLATE Selectvases. Red Slip WarekantharosT.39,7 (LPG), andjug T.41,6(LPG/SPG I) also illustrated 120(c).Shallow,handlelessbowl T.71,5(LPG). TraysT.46,6 (LPG) and T.45,28 (SPG I). Depictionof a at PLATES 94 and 126, and of a bird on a sherd ship on pyxisno. 3 in Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia) illustrated fromthe same area. Handmade, black/greyburnishedand incised fabric;pyxis and lid T.59,25 F(LPG/SPG) partlyrestoredin drawingbut omittingthe complex panel decorations,forwhich see PLATE 66, dolly T.74,11 (SPG Ilia), an unexpectedlylate context,as, too, forthe tortoisefromthe same burial, also illustratedat PLATES 120(e) and 125(¿>);the decorationof both has been partly restoredin drawing.Scale 1:3. A similardollywas foundin LPG Palia PerivoliaT.22 no. 30 {LKl Plates 137 and 269).

107.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLATE

199

The ship depictionand thepyxison whichit was paintedhas been publishedby M.R. Pophan in OJA 6 (1987),353-9.

108.

Selectvases. Handmade and burnishedvases.Jugwithcut-awayspout,a probable Macedonian import T.41,12 (LPG/SPG I context).Black burnishedware (possible imports);juglets and feedingbottle, T.39,13,T.63,12,T.54,24-5 and T.46,17,all in LPG contexts.Brown,polished aryballos,a possible importT.80,30 (SPG II/IIIa). Coarse kitchenware, standed cooking pot T.47,8 (SPG II) and see PLATE 121 [a-b) for examples of similarvases in T.80 (SPG II/IIIa); incised, lug-handledbowls, T.38,13and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale 1:3.

109.

PLATE 125(e). CypriotBlackSelectimportedvases. Phoenicianbichromejug T.79A,10 also illustrated on-RedjugletT.79A,13 also on PLATE 125(/). Shallow,carinatedbowl of uncertainoriginT79A,9. All threevases froman SPG II context.Atticvases, skyphosPyre 33,1 (EG II), kantharosSq. XVI,6 and large cup no. 5, both EG II/MG I and froma possible Pyre21, oenochoe Pyre 14,13(MG I) also illustratedPLATE 122(/); ?bowl of unusual shape with evidence for a handle Pyre 23,13 (MG I), in drawingfromsherds;pyxisT.39,4 (LPG). Scale 1:3. reconstructed Select Atticimports,both extensivelyreconstructedin drawingfromfragments;pyxis and lid Sq. XVI,14 (MG I) also illustratedon PLATE 92, Ht. c. 58.0, craterPyre 14,16(MG I) Ht. 47.5, sherds at PLATE 88. illustrated

110.

Section7 Photographsof SelectVases and Figurines PLATE 111. Select vases. Pendent semicircle skyphoi, [a) T.57,1 (LPG) see also PLATE 100, [b) T.48,1 (LPG) see also PLATE 100, (c) T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), [d ) T.45,26 (SPG I), (e-g) T.80,12, 10,9 (SPG II/IIIa), see also PLATE 100. Scale 1:2. 112.

Select vases. Shallow bowls with single and double handles, (a-c) T.80,20,25 and 18 (SPG II/IIIa) see also PLATE 101. Miniature skyphoi, [d-e) T.47,4 and 3 (SPG II) see also PLATE 99. Skyphoi, (/ ) T.42,5 (LPG or SPG I), ( g) T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) see also PLATE 99, Scale 1:2 except [d ) and (e) at 2:3. The type of shallow bowl such as those at [a-c) are attested in the cemetery only in Tomb 80, which contained 14 examples (PLATE 83).

113.

Select vases. Pedestalled skyphoi, (a) T.47,8 (SPG Ilia), [b] and (d ) T.80,8 and 3 (SPG II/IIIa). Kantharos, [c) T.45,27 (SPG I) see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2. The pedestalled skyphos is a type mainly attested by the 9 examples in Tomb 80 (PLATE 82). Only two other instances were recognised, that in Tomb 74 [[a) above) and sherds of another in Pyre 23, illustratedin a reconstruction at PLATE 101.

114.

Select vases. Pendent semicircle plates. (A) T.55,3 (LPG/SPG I), (B) T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I), see also PLATE 102, (C) T.55,4 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 102. Scale near 1:2.

115.

Select vases. Kalathoi, (a) T.59,3 (LPG/SPG), (b) T.45,6 (SPG I), (c) T.54,8 (LPG). Cups [d ) T.62B,1 (MPG), (e) T.40,13 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 99, ( /) T.62A,1 (LPG), [g) T.69,1 (LPG-SPG I), (A) T.48,4 (LPG), see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2.

116.

Select vases. Jugs (or large lekythoi), (a) T.70,2 (LPG) and [b) Pyre 11/12no. 1 (LPG). Scales [a) 1:3 and (b) 1:2. See PLATE 156, for two other vases of similar shape and with related decoration.

200

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PLATE 117. Selectvases. Shoulder-handledamphoriskoi,[a ) T.41,5(LPG/SPG I), (b) T.54,12(LPG). Small hydriai, (c) T.46,15(LPG), (e) T.45,3 (SPG I) see also PLATE 104. Oenochoe, (d ) T.57,3 (LPG). Scale 1:2. 118.

Select vases. Pyxides,(a) T.59,7 (LPG/SPG I); (¿) T.63,7 (LPG). Lekythos,(c) T.54,15 (LPG). Squat oenochoe, (d) T.80,39 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:2.

119.

Select vases. Flasks, (ö) T.40,1 (LPG/SPG I); (b) Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104. Small hydria,(c) T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104.Jar, (d) T.52,1 (SPGI-II). Scale 1:2 except (a) at near 1:3.

120.

Select vases. Black burnishedhandmade ware (a) T.45,30 (SPG I). Red slip ware (b) T.39,15 (LPG), (c) T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I) and see PLATE 107, (
121.

Selectvases. Handmade and burnishedcookingpots; standed(a-b) T.80,36 and 32 (SPG II/IIIa); flatbased {c) T.80,31 (SPG II/IIIa). Black to brownhandmade and burnishedware [d ) T.46,17(LPG), [e) T.54,22 (LPG), ( /) T.63,10 (LPG). Scale 1:2. Not unexpectedly,cookingpotsrarelyoccurin tombs,whichmakestheoffering of9 examplesin Tomb 80 themoreextraordinary (PLATE 84). There is onlyone otherinstanceofthestandedversion,thatin Tomb 47 (no. 8 PLATE 108),whichis identicalin form.The moreusual flat-basedversionis discussed inLKl, 343.

122.

Select vases. ImportedAtticvases: kantharos,cups, skyphosand oenochoai. (a) and (e) T.54,5 and 2 (LPG), {b-c) and (d ) T.39,19and 14,discussedin BSA 77, 233-5, ( / ) Pyre 14,13(MG I), ( g) T.74,4 (MG I). Scale 1:2.

123.

Selectvases. ImportedAtticvases: amphora,pyxis,cup and kalathos.(a) Pyre 19,1(LPG), (b) and (c) T.80,40 and 27 (EG II/MG I), (d ) T.57,2 (LPG). Scale 1:2. The kalathos (d) is the twin of Palia Perivolia T.22,25 for which see LK I plates 139 and 212(«), discussedp. 349.

124.

Selectvases. ImportedAtticamphorai.(a) T.55,2 (LPG/EG I) and (b) T.48,7 (LPG). Scale 1:2.

125.

Select vases. Imported wares, (a) burnishedcoarsewarejug with cut-awayneck T.41,12 (context LPG/SPG I), (Z>)tortoise figurinein burnishedblack/grayware and incisedT.74,12(SPG Ilia context), (c) pendent of burnished black ware with impressed decoration T.40,15 (LPG/SPG I context), ¡d) CypriotWhite Paintedjuglet T.79A,12 (SPG II context),(e) Phoenician bichromejug T.79A,10 (SPG II context),( / ) CypriotBlack-on-RedjugletT.79A,13 (SPG II context).Scale 1:2. (e) and (/) on PLATE 109. also illustrated

126.

Select vases. Figurines,models and ship depiction,(a) T.51,3 (fill)partlyrestored(Attic,LPG), (b) T.39,21 (LPG), [c-d ) T.41,2 (LPG/SPG I) and ( / ) T.38,33 (SPG II/IIIa) all discussed in BSA 77, PLATE 94. Scales {a ) 1:3, [b-d ) 232-3, (e) centralpanel ofpyxisSquare XVI,3 (SPG IIIA) illustrated and (/ ) 1:2. The ship depiction,publishedin OJA6 (1987),353-9 and TropisII, 77-83, is similarto the scene, also with birds and fish,on the catchplatesof some 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae,examples of which are at PLATE 159j-k. illustrated

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Section8 DrawingsofSelectWeaponsand otherObjects ofGold,Bronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone PLATE 127. Selectweapons: swords,dirksand knives.T79B,8 (SPG II), T.60,1 (?), Pyre 14,20(SPG Ilia), Pyre 13,4 (SPG II), T.54,32 (LPG), Pyre31,1-2 (SPG Ilia), T.54,32 (LPG), T.50,4 (LPG-SPG I). Scale: 1:3 except thetwo knivesat 1,2.Pyre 13,4of bronze,the remainderof iron. The dirk,Pyre 13,4,a reviseddrawingof BSA 77 fig.8,discussedp. 241. See PLATE 159 ( e-f ) foran ironswordand knifefroman LPG gravein theAgora Cemeteryat Athens. 128.

Select weapons and implements:spears, axe/adzes, arrowheadsand whetstone.T.79B,9 (SPG II), T.50,3 (LPG-SPG I), T.39,33 (LPG), Pyre 13,1and 2 (SPG II), T79A,14 and B,12 (SPG II), T.80,5 (SPG II/IIIa), Pyre35 (?). Of ironexceptarrowheadT.79A,14of bronze,and whetstoneT.80,5. Scale 1:3. The adze/axes discussedLKÏ, 256 and BSA 77, 241: see also PLATE 159ffora similartool froman LPG burial in Athens.T79B,12, examples of some 28 arrowheadsof slightlyvaryingsize, T.79A,14 iron object fromPyre35 has unexpectedlyof bronze and resemblingan LBA type.The fragmentary not been identified.

129.

Cauldron and selectfibulae,of bronze. T79B,1 (SPG II), T.54,30 (LPG), T.63,36 (LPG), T.44,8 and 9 (LPG), T.74,36and 37 (SPG Ilia), T.70,23 and 25 (LPG), T.46,23 (LPG), T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale: 1:2 exceptcauldronat 1:3. T.38,43 and T.44,8 and 9 discussedBSA 77, 237. See PLATE 140 forphotographsof these and other fibulae,and PLATE 159c for an example with paddle-wheelbead fromSkyros.The cauldron also PLATE 146 a-b. illustrated

130.

Selectpins,pendent,beads, braceletand earring.T.49,5+9 and 7+11+ 14 (MPG-LPG), T.61-P.19,3(?), T.61,2(undated),T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), T.70,27 (LPG), T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), T.60,2 (?), T.45,33 (SPG I), T.47,21 (SPG II), T.40,18 (LPG/SPG I), T.47,27 (SPG II), T.79A,15 (SPG II). Scale: 2:3 except T47,27at 1:2. See photographs, and discussionunderPLATE 139 ofT.49,5+9 and T.60,2 (iron,bone and descriptions faience),T.61 (region),3 (bronze),T.55,32 (giltiron and crystal),T.80,60 (giltiron and amber),T.47,21 (lead), T.47,27 (amber)and T.79A,15(bronze).T.49.7+11+ 14 (ironand bronze),T.70,27 (giltiron and crystal).T.40,18(bronze)discussedBSA 77, 239.

131.

Discs ofgold foilfromT.63 (LPG) restoredin drawing.Scale 1:1. also at PLATE 137.See PLATE 157a-eforsimilardiscsin the'Heroon' burialand from Some illustrated Skyrosand Lemnos.

132.

Select bronze vessels. T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), T.47,18 (SPG II), T.39,31 (LPG), T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), T.55,29 (LPG/SPG I) and T.78,14(SPG I). Scale 1:3. Some illustrated also at PLATE 143,withdiscussion.T.39,31 and T.42,17,jugs withlotusbud handles, discussedBSA 77, 239. These jugs and plain bronze bowls consideredalso LKl, 249-50.

133.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). Scale as shown. The lower cable band on the roll-outhas been repeated around the tondo. Illustratedalso, and discussedat PLATE 144.

134.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl,T.70,18(LPG). D. ofrim 15.0 cms. Illustratedalso, and discussed at PLATE 145.

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PLATE 135. Select findsof faience,stoneand clay.Fingerringsof faience,T.39,37 (LPG), T.59,35 (LPG/SPG) and T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa). Seal of faience, T.46,26 (LPG). Scarab of faience, T.59,36 (LPG/SPG I). Pendentsof faience,T.45,34 (SPG I) and T.51,6 (SPG I). Near Eastern cylinderseal of ?haemetite, T.79A,20,not 19 (SPG II). Clay object,T.49,9 (MPG-LPG). Faience bowls,T.59,37 (LPG/SPG) and T.51,31(SPG I). Scales: rings,seal and head pendent3:2, dropletpendentand cylinderseal 1:1,scarab 2:1, clay objectand faiencebowls 1:2. Most illustrated also, and discussedat PLATE 142. Faience ring,T.39,37 discussedBSA 77, 244-5.

Section9 ofSelectJewellery, DressFastenings, Photographs Weapons, and otherObjectsofBronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Weights Stone PLATE 136. Select jewellery. Gold pendents, beads and earrings; giltlead coil, (a ) T.38,39 (SPG II-IIIa), (b ) T.59,26 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.38,41 (SPG II-IIIa), (d) T. 74,32 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.80,57 (SPG II/IIIa), ( / ) T.59,28 (LPG/SPG), (g) T.43,1 (undated), ( h) T.71,17 (LPG), (i) T. 75,3 (undated), ( j ) T.63,18 and 24 (LPG), (k) T.80,59 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 3:2 except (A) and (k) at 3:4 and (0 at near 1:1. (a) and (c) discussed BSA 77, 236-7. (e) inset of amber. (/ ) type discussed LK I, 220 with later examples, and plate 231a. (h) for comparable example in lead see PLATE 139m. (i) of gilt lead, a type discussed LKl, 220, and plate 230; other examples., TA5,31a-b, T.46,23-4, T.49,3-4, T.51,23-4, T.63,17 and T. 70,4-5. (i ) see PLATE 157/ for similar spiral bead from Skyros. 137.

Select jewellery. Gold finger-ring,bead and discs; gilt bracelet, (a) T.80,50 (SPG II/IIIa), (SPG Ilia), (c) T.47,15 (SPG II), (d-g) T.63,25-30 (LPG). Scales, (a-c) 1:1; (d-g) 3:2.

[b) T. 74,33

(a) a unique prodigy, (b) gilt bronze, (c) seemingly the gold foil covering of a bead, (d-g) see PLATE 131 for reconstructions in drawing, and PLATE 157 a-efor comparanda. 138.

Select jewellery. Gold 'attachments', (a) T.42,11 (LPG or SPG I), (b) T.54,29 (LPG), (c-d) T.39,24-5 (LPG), (e) T. 78,9 (SPG II), ( / ) and (g) T.42,15 and 14 (LPG or SPG I), (h) T.47,11 (SPG II), ( i ) T. 78,1 (SPG II), ( j ) T.48,18 (LPG). Scale 1:1. 'Attachments', a description used to indicate uncertainty about their usage. See BSA 77, 236 for latest discussion. Subsequent examples in Tombs 42,47,48 and 78, but not 54, confirm their occurrence with gold 'diadems': their placement, however, is generally central and not near the presumed position of the head, for which see the relèvent Tomb plans. PLATE 157g illustratesan example from Skyros.

139.

Select finds. Pins of gilt iron, iron, and bronze; bronze earring; beads of amber and lead; other objects of bronze and clay, (a) T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), (b) T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), (c) T. 70,28 (LPG), (d ) T.49,5 (MPG-LPG), (e) T.60,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (g) area of T.61,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (h) area of Pyre 19,3 (undated), (i-j ) T.79,B4 and A15 (SPG II), (k) T.45,33 (SPG I), (/ ) T.45,36 (SPG I), (m) T.47,21 (SPG II), (n) T.47,27 (SPG II). Scale 1:1.

See PLATE 130 for drawings, (a) and (c) gilt iron with crystal bead, (b) gilt iron with amber bead; see LK I, plate 231 £ for similar example, discussed p. 223 (d-f) see LK1, plate 242H for a previous example, discussed p. 246. Similar pins in the 'Heroon' burial, PLATES 158tìf and 159¿/; they and (d )

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PLATE

203

indicatethatthe typemay always have been fittedwitha bone head and threadedwithfaiencedisc beads, (i) bronze,ofuncertainshape and function,(j ) earringofbronze,a versionusuallyofgold, as PLATÇ 159A,a NE typeand probablyearlier.(*) oflead, witha parallelin gold,T.47,20 (PLATE 136g). (A;)oflead and presumablya pendent;withoutAegean parallel. (/) a roundedand perforatedsherdof clay,(m) oflead witha parallelin gold,T.47,20 (PLATE 136g).(n) beads of amber;previousexamples discussed LKI, 223, thoughunjustlydismissive.

140.

Select fibulaeof bronze, {a) T.44,8 (LPG), (i) T.55,31 (LPG/SPG I), (c) T.38,44 (SPG II-IIIa), [d) T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa), [e) T.39,32 (LPG), ( / ) T.80,65 (SPG II/IIIa), {g) T.54,30 (LPG), (Ä) T.54,31 (LPG), (ι ) T.48,20 (LPG), ( ; ) T.74,36 (SPG Ilia), (jfc)Pyre27,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 2:3 except [d ) at 1:2 and(/ ) at 1:1. Drawingsof some of theseand of otherfibulaeare givenon PLATE 129.

141. 142.

143.

(a), (c)9 {d-e) discussedin BSA 77, 237. ( / ) similarin size and shape to S.59,32, also SPG Ilia, (LK I plate 249,2). (g) the paddle-wheeladditionpreviouslyattestedby two examples PP.T.45,1-2 (SPG I-II) and T.36.23 (?SPG II), LK' plate241: see PLATE 159cfora similarfibulafromSkyros.(h-i) both composite,withbow of bronze and forearmof iron. ( j-k ) an SPG Ilia versionwithlarge square catchplate,discussedLKl, 242-3. Faience vases and plaque, (a) T.42,20 (LPG or SPG I), (b-c) and ( f-h ) T.39,42,39,43and 38 (LPG), (d-e) T.59,37-8 (LPG/SPG). Scale 2:3 except (d ) at 1:2. Select findsof faience,glass and stone,(a-c) fingerrings,(d) and (g) seals, (e) scarab, ( /) and (h) pendents,(i ) cylinderseal and ( ;-/ ) beads, (a) T.39,37 (LPG), (b) T.59,35 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa), (d) T.46,26 (LPG), (e) T.59,36 (LPG/SPG), (/) T.45,34 (SPG I), (g) T.38,55 (SPG II-IIIa), (Ä) T.52,6 (SPG I-II), (i) T.79,A19(SPG II), ( ; ) T.47,26,25,24(SPG II), (k ) T.42,22 (LPG or SPG I), (/)T.70,30 (LPG). Scale 3:2 except (h-k) at 1:1 and (e) at 2:1. (a) of faience and (g) of steatitediscussed BSA 77, 242-5. (c) of faience,one of an identicalpair, apparentlyfromthesame mould as seen in thejuxterposedimpressions,(e) offaience,itsseparatebezel lost,(h) of faience;a similarsingletonT.62A,4 (PLATE 67). (i) burntand discolouredbut probablyof haemetite,N. Syrian,datingto c. 1850-1750 (information kindlysuppliedby Dr. B. Teissier).(j-i) of 237. discussed BSA 22, k) ( glass. Selectbronzevases, (a ) T.42,17(LPG or SPG I), (b ) T.47,18(SPG II), [c) T.78,14(SPG II), (d ) T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.39,31 (LPG), ( f-h ) T.70,17and 20 (LPG). Scale 2:3 except (c) at near 1:2. (a) discussed BSA 77, 239. (b) and (c) both apparentlywithoutknown parallels,also illustratedin (c) is shown insituat PLATE 363 and a comparable drawingat PLATE 132,(c) beinga reconstruction, is at PLATE 159/. in Phoenician (e-g) twolotus-budhandleswithrosetteterminals shape pottery given and littleelse preserved;typicalofa specificformofsquatjug, suchas T.39,31 (PLATE 132),and others, discussedLK I, 249-50 and BSA 77, 239. ( / ) a situlatypehandle such as on (a ) but the partof a possiblyassociatedrimis withoutringsand not turnedover.

144.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). D. of rimc. 28.0. Distortedand broken into several fragments;mendingholes below rim; base badly corroded.The singlecable friezearound the tondo has been repeated on the drawingat PLATE 133. As there,the broken sphinxat the top leftof (β) and bottomrightof (b) have been completedby photographic montageto illustratethewhole of the creature.

145.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.70,18(LPG). D. of rim,15.0 cms. Badly corroded and restoredafterconservation.Fragments(d) and (e) have not survived,and (b) shows its originalcondition.They have been added to the photographicroll-outand the drawingat PLATE 134 in the positionswheretheyare likelyto have belonged, (c) top partof enthroned'deity' withflautistbehind. Publishedand discussedby M.R. Popham in OJA14 (1995), 103-7. Comparable at PLATE '5S(a) and (b). NE bowls are illustrated

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PLATE 146. Bronze cauldronand graters,(a-b) T.79,B1 (SPG II), (c) Pyre 14,18(SPG Ilia), (d ) T79B,2 (SPG II). Scales (¿z)2:5 and (<:-
147

The cauldron(a-b) used as a cremationurn; seen in situat PLATE 36c. It and theburialdiscussedby M.R. Pophan and I.S. Lemos in 'A Euboean WarriorTrader', OJA14 (1995) 151-7. (c-d) graters discussedBSA 77, 240-1 in connectionwiththatin Pyre 14,8.All threeexampleswere associatedwith warriorcremations.Evidence for a wooden framesurviveson (c). See PLATE 158c for an Italian example dated considerablylater. Pair ofbronzewheelswithaxle, T.39,30 (LPG). D. of wheels 25 cms. Discussed in BSA 77, 239-40, withsectiondrawingon fig.8.

148.

Select weapons and armament:dirk,spearhead, spear-butt,axe/adzes, shield-boss,arrowheadsand knife.Of iron,except ( / ) and (g) of bronze, [a-b) Pyre 13,4 and 5 (SPG II), (c) T.79B,9 (SPG II), ( d ) Pyre 13,2(SPG II), (e) T.54,33 (LPG), ( / ) Pyre 13,9(SPG II), ( g) T.79A,14(SPG II), (i ) T.39,34 (LPG), ( j ) T.54,32 (LPG). Scales (a), (d-e) (i-j ) 1:2, (b-c) 1:3, ( f-h) 2:3. (a) a revisionof BSA 77 plate 26,4. (d-f) and (i) discussedBSA 77, 241-2. Some of the above, with others,reproducedin drawingsat PLATES 127-8.

149.

Stone weightsfromTomb 79, chamber (B) and shaftfill (A). Most badly burnt,discoloured and withseveralincomplete.Almostcertainlyof haemetite.Scale near 1:1. fractured, In the listbelow, the firstfigureis the presentweight,the second,in brackets,givenwhen partis lost, is itsestimatedoriginalweight. (A) A,21d 4.1 gm. (B) A,21c 5.9 gm [6.0]. (C) A,21a 8.3 gm. (D) A,21b 10.5gm. (E) B,13/621.9 gm [23.0]. (F) B,13/325.0 gm. (G) B,13/430.1 gm. (H) B,13/838.8 gm [40.7]. (I) B,13/544.9 gm [46.0]. Q) B,13/12 29.3 gm [?60.0]. (K) B,13/289.9 gm. (L) B,13/775.0 gm [90.0]. (M) B,13/l 159.7 gm [167.2].

Section10 and Clay Objects Shells,ClothImpressions PLATE 150. Shells from{a) Tomb 51, (b) Tomb 48, (c) Tomb 52, (d) Tomb 39 and (e) Tomb 47 151.

Shellsfrom(a) Tomb 46, (b) Tomb 80. Cloth impressions,(c) on dagger,T.39,35, (d) on fibulaT.57,7, (e) on situlaT.42,17.

152.

Cloth impressonson (a) pyxislid T.46,8 and (b) iron fibulaT.35,37, (c) Cloth fragmentfromunder bronze bowl T.55,28. (d) 'Nuggets'of clay withimpressions,T.70. (e) Clay pieces withimpressionof ?woodenbox in T.63.

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Section11 Additional Illustrations and Comparanda PLATE 153. (a) Distortedand fusedsherdsfromshaftfillofTomb 79. (b) Rim and neck ofbronze vase T.74,14.(c) Details ofgold bands fromTombs 39 nos. 28, 23 and 42 no. 9. (d) Gold leaffragments fromTomb 80. 154.

Faience disc beads, strungarbitrarily as necklaces,(a) T.59,41 (b) T.42,21+22.

155.

Fragmentsof local craters.(A) and (B) Surfaceof Square XIII, (B) Fill of Pyre 13 (SPG II). Scale near 1:3.

156.

Comparanda.Largejugs (or lekythoi).(a ) Toumba T.7,1,(b ) GoulandrisCollection,fromSkyros.Scale 1:3.

157.

Comparanda.Gold discs,(a-c) fromSkyros,(d) fromtheburialwithinthe'Heroon', (e) fromLemnos. Gold fyeads(/) fromSkyros.Gold attachment(g) fromSkyros.(a), (3), (/) and (g) Goulandris Collection.

158.

Comparanda. Near Eastern engravedbronze bowls (a) MetropolitanMuseum, New York,Inv. no. 74.51.5700,(b) TeheranMuseum Inv. no. 15198.(c) Italianbronzegrater,Museo GregorioEtrusco,Inv. no. 11175.(d) Iron pins withbone heads and faiencediscs fromburialwithinthe 'Heroon'.

159.

Comparanda. Bronze fibulae,[a-b) fromLemnos, (c) fromSkyros.Iron pin with bone head and faiencebeads (d) fromtheburialwithinthe'Heroon'. Iron sword,adze and knife{e-g) fromLPG Tomb XXVII, in theAgora,Athens,(h) Near Easterngold earring,Scale 1:1. (i) Phoenicianjug fromCyprus, Skales CemeteryT.62,40; scale 1:2. (j-k) Engraved catchplatesof 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae with depictionsof shipsaccompaniedby birdsand fish.

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