"
.
, By THE SAME AUTHOR
EASY MALAY VOCABULARY MALAY PANTUNS (Quatrains) .
MALAY MADE EASY
MALAY PROVERBS SHA'IR OMAR KHAYYAM (A Malay Version of tile Rubaiyat) MALAYAN NURSERY RHYMES
covering hath Malaya and In dontsia
( Haii's Boo.1e of) SANG LOMRI-Jawi edition ( A Malay Version of Reynard the Fox)
A. W, HAMILTON
'. Puhlishtd by DONALD MOORE
lor,
:....
£!.STERN UN IVERSITIES PRESS LTD. SINGAPORE
,
,
-.
, First published in 1940 by Australasian Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd Sydney, Australw.
CONTENTS
Second edition 1942 Third edition 1944 Fourth edition 1944 Fifth edition 1946 Sixth edition 1952
.
Seventh edition 1956 published by Donald AI oore Ltd. 'MacDonald House, Orchard Road Singapore 9 Eighth Edition 1959 published by Donald Moore for EASTERN UNIVERSITIES PRESS LTD. SI NGAPORE
Printed and bound in Singapore by Malaya Publishing House Ltd.
,
•...
Preface page vii Pronunciation ix Indonesian Malay xii English Grammatical Terms xiv Grammar 2 The Article The Cardinal Numbers 4 The Cardinal Numbers (Continued) 6 The Currency 8 The Time 10 The Calendar, Weights and Measures 12 The Noun 14 The Adjective , 16 18 The Adjectival use of Nouns Personal and Possessive Pronouns 20 Possessive Pronouns and the Genitive Construction 22 The Interrogatives 24 The Verb: Imperative 26 28 The Verb: Present Tense The Present Tense fanned by the verb ada, to be 30 32 The Verb ada, to be The Verb ada, to have 34 36 The Verb: Past Tense 38 The Verb: Perfect Tense The Verb sudah, to 6nish 40 The Verb: Future Tense 42 The Future Tense formed by the verb mau, to want 44 Do, Does, Did 46 Interrogation 48
,
CONTENTS
Grammar (Continued) The Creation of Transitive from page 50 Intransitive Verbs The Verb bikil;l, to make 52 The Passive Voice 54 The Verb k~na, to incur 56 Adverbs 58 Adverbs of Place 60 Adverbs of Time 62 Affirmatives, Negatives and Prohibitives 64 . Prepositional Prefixes to Adverbs of Place 66 The Preposition pada, at, to . es The Preposition dengan, with 70 The Preposition sarna, with; to 72Conjunctions '14 The Conjunctions juga, also, and pula, so, then 76 ., Interjections and the Particles lab and pun 78 The Verb boleh, can, to be able 80 82 The Verb jadi, to become Other Auxiliary Verbs 84 86 The Degrees of Comparison Reflexive Pronouns and the Pronominal Suffix oya, its 88 IndeSnite Pronouns 90 92 Descriptive ClassiSers 94. Reduplication 96 Compound Words 98 Formation of Nouns by Affixation 100 Derivative Verbs The M~, pm- and B~r PreSxes 102 The M6 and PI! Derivatives 103 Malay Proverbs 104, Malay Quatrains lOS Syllabic Vocabulary 100
,
PREFACE
This elementary Malay handbook is based on a con· densation of the hitherto accepted grammatical rules which elucidate the general principles on which the language is built up and are to be found in all the standard--European works on the subject. Though intended principally for English people who propose to reside in Malaya and wish to learn to speak Malay intelligibly and with a reasonable degree of accuracy, it also serves those proceeding to Indonesia. _ The whole Seld of speech is covered in a series of Sfty lessons each dealing with a different grammatical aspect and exemplified by sentences in the accompanying exercises. A vocabulary of ten words is given with each lesson and is used progressively so that only those words which have been mastered previously are employed at any particular stage. The rather copious notes deal with minor points of grammar and idiom or the meanings of words and phrases as well as with matters of general inter,est and the slight diHerences which exist between Malay as spoken in Malaya and that current in Indonesia. All the Malay words employed in this grammar will be found in the word ruts of its companion volume, the 'Easy Malay Vocabulary', which contains phonetic aids to pronunciation in addition to a glossary which enables it to be used as a pocket dictionary of common Malay words whether English into Malay or vice versa. Malay is, primarily, the language of the Malays inhabiting the east coast of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands, and the west coast of Borneo. It is not the speech of a nation but of a number of closely related peoples and so has many minor dialectical diHerences and variations in pronunciation.
,.
..
~
,
,.
PREFA CE
The standard speech, which is ·understood by all the educated classes and is the medium in which Malay literature is composed, is the Riau-Johor dialect which was spoken at the court of the Malacca Sultans. To meet the need of a Jingua franca for commercial purposes amongst a varied Malaysian population speaking many diHerent though distantly allied tongues, Mala.y, owing to its simplicity, adaptability, aod receptivity to new words, came to be adopted. Being the language of a coastal p<.--ople it early came into contact with foreign traders, religious teachers and settlers, whether Indian, Arab, Chinese or European, and absorbed something from each for the easy conduct of the daily affairs of Jife, and this process still continues. To speak Malay properly a sense of balance and COrrect intonation is necessary so that only short and simple sentences should be employed. Furthermore. as a Malay word expresses an idea rather than any definite part of speech it may be. used with ~ut 3Jly change in form in different grammatical categones. As Malay is the sole common medium of communication between the polyglot peoples of the Peninsula a~d l n~o nesia it is advisable in the course of conversation Wlth races other than Malay to avoid a too meticulous correctness of speech as a Malay himself under similar circumstances always tends to talk down to his interlocutor's level of intelligence or knowledge of his tongue.
viii
PRONUNCIATION .Malay when rcndered phonctically ill Latin lettcrs is lermed Romanizcd 1\'laiay, and in the English systcm of spelling the letters c (except for ch ), q. v and J( are not employed .
VOWELS The vowels arc given their continentll sounds, so thal_ a = all, e =eh, i = ee, o =oh, u =oo. In an open syllabic-unless it be ~ final one when it is only half long - the vowel is lo ng, but in ~ closed syllable it is always short. An open syl!able is one which ends in a vowel, whilst ~ closed syllable is one which ends with a consonant. a long as in fatller; short as in part. (H is never pronounct'd as th e '~' in 'pan'. but ratlier, as the 'II' in 'pun·. As a 6nal Jetter il remaill$ ullStressed as in 'lava'. ) e long as in fete, or the ey in they; shorl as in fen. long as in litre or Ihe ee in set; short as in lit. o long as inbonc, or t he ow in show; ,llorl as in n Olo u Ion.&: as in l udc, or the 00 in too; short as in pull. ( In a 6~lal c1o~d syllable it oft en approximates in sound to '0', IIlId tJus lctter is employed before lz, J:, ng, and nowadays, r at the end of a word.) • as the er in her, with the '1' not stT~ or the 'e' in tlJ:ell. (The atonic or toneless 'e' is a short, indeterminate vowel m.<JIJ:ed by a breve, which is ~'most inaudible before an ' /' or an 'I, e.g. J:ifis, II his or creese, and silad~ng ~ sladang or Indian bison. ) ,
CONSONANTS The consonants arc pronounced as in English. f ~ppears only in Joan words and is usually replaced by 'p'. i is always hard as in go and nC\'cr likc the ',{ in gin. h is gently aspirated and is emphasized as a fi nal letter. It is elided between two dissi milar vowels and is often dropped as an initial letter. j as in iam. It never has a 'zh' sound as in jabot. k as a final I.etter is enclitic, forming 3 glottal check or stop, the prccc:dm g vowel sound being abruptly shortened. I is enunciated clearly as in sin, and not as in his. 7. appears onlr in loon y,."()rds and is often corrupted to T. ~
.-
,
PRONUNCIATION
DOUBLE CONSONANTS
ch a s.iugle souud as in church, but nevet pronounced as a 'k'. III
a single sound as in sing, but not the do",ble 'g' as in .6nger (fing ger). ny a single $Ound as the ni in onion, or the 'n' ill lIew.
. DIPHTHONGS au oi
as in s;luerkraut, or the ow in now. as in aisle, or the 'y' in my. Ay is similar in wund to ai.
I,
HYPHENS Hyphens are used to separate a word from ~r.l ides w.hich do not form an mtegral p3rt of the word Itself or to jom duplicated words.
ACCENT There is no strong accent, but the stress normall\' falls on the penultimate syllable unless this laUer ends in a short 'I', when the emphasis passes on to the final syllable, i.e. JU·mah or slm-~-laD , but pl-ti and ol-g,·ri or ue-gfi. This rule applies to words iu their root form , which is gellerally disyllabic, and disre~ r?s all affixes, but duplicated words may be treated as a single onc, I.C . kuda-kuda.
ARABIC LOAN WORDS Anblc loon \\'()rds, though correctly spelt, are often mis,IHonounccd, as Malay is a soft·spoken language, and so the emphatic or strong forms of h, k, sand t are disregarded. The leiters sh and th are commonly corrupted to s. The gultUr;1!s gh and kh are often pronounced as rand k. The sounds of dz dl and II all become dz or just z, d and 1. The guttural ain ;s enunciated as a ~lain a,. i o~ u. The ain ,~'Cls are often gi\"CI1 a slightly throaty quahty whIch IS transformed mto a glottal check at the end of a word. They ma y be delloted in wriling by all apostrophc over the vowel or by doubling thc lattcr ill the middle of a word when a sli~ht hiatus sllould be observed between the two vowels. An apostropllc after a final vowel may denote all enclitic k.
MALAY SCRIPT M3lay is also written, especially in ~ala)-a, fr~ rig~t to left in an adapted Arabic script lermed ,awi, whIch con ~llIs th Irty-three letters in Its alphabet, i~c1u?in~ fi"e ~o: represent eertam purely Malay sounds which do not exISt III the 01l.!tlnal.
•
I
PRONUNC IATIO N
MALAY DIALECTS In Sinppore the speech of l ohore is prevalent, with traces of Javanese inftnenee, owing fo its mixed population. In Malacca standard Malay is spoken but a linal 'ar' tends to tum to 'au', i.e. babr, to bum, becomes bakau. , In Penang and Kedah the following cha nges take place; (a) A .6l1al 'a' is broad, as ill 'ah', and not muted . (b) A linal 'r' is given a short throaty quality like an enclitic 'k', i.e. lIytT, water, becomes ayak, but when preceded by an 'j' the sound changes to 'ak' i.e. pikir, to think becomes pikiak. ' , (c) A final '5' is articulated quicldv so that it Te5embles 'ih' i e bins, rice, becomes blraih_ . , .. (d) A fi nal 'I' is changed iuto 'j', I.e. upal, a ship becomes bpai. but when p receded by an 'i' the sound changes to 'e' i.e. btil, a bed, becomes kate. ' In Indonesia the following changes frequently occur; (a) A final 'au' changes to '0', a common Javanese ending i.e. pulau, an island, becomes pulo. ' (b) A linal 'ai' changes to 'e', a cornman Javanese ending i.e. ra mai, crowded. becomes rame. ' (cl The 'a' in a final closed syllable changes to 'e a Javanese trait, i.e. ~rulllg, ease, becOmcs $111'118, ' (d) As in Malaya, in an unaccented first syllable an 'a' may replace an 'i!' i.e. !fnam, six. becomes anam. (e) As in Malaya, the vowels 'j' and 'e' are intercha nged, i,c. sempall8, a crossroad, becomes simpang. (f ) Al In Malaya, the vo\\'Cls '0' and 'u' are interchanged i.e ubat, medicine. becomes obat. ' . (g) A final 'h' is omitted, i.e. bodoh stupid becomes 'bodo or masch, still, becomes masi. " , (h) A linal '].;' is pronounced as such and is not enclitic whilst an 'r' is always rolled. '
I N DO N E S IAN MALAY
DUTCH ROMAN IZED MALAY
oe = u oro:
;=y:
INDONESIAN MALAY
EXAMPLES
The Indonesia n language is merely the form of Malay commonly spoken in Indonesia, and is basically identical with th e language as spoken in 1olalaya. As true Malays form a mi nority of th e total population, the rcmainin,!C Indonesia n groups, each pOSSeSSing its own tongue, learn Malay only as :I. second language. In consequence, local terms, pa rticularl~' Javanese, often replace th e Maby forms, and some Malay "'"Ords have become current which are not gencnally ill use or unde rstood in Malaya, whilst a few minor changes have occurcd in idiom.
"
MODERN INDONESIAN
ENGLISH ROMANIZED
. Surat khabar yang dalam bahasa M~layu itu bukan sa)a ~ntok . orang2. yang waktu ini tinggal di-Singapura. t~tapi krum harap Juga supaya ia akan di·bacha olch p~n dudok di-tanah Indonesia.
Owing to the presence in Dutch of the atonic 'e' so und, pronounced 'el', the Malay toneless 'e' is not indicated as in th e En~l ish Roma nized Malay by a shut 'e', but the vowel 'e', pronounced eh', is given an acute accent thus, '~'.
'r'
This newspaper, in the Malay language, is n ot only for the people wbo at the moment reside in Singapore, but we hope also that it will be read by the inhab itants of lndonesia.
in English.
The combination 'di' is emploved to give the sound of the EnKlish 'j', which is not found in Dutch. The combination 'If represents the soft 'ch' in church. The double consonant 'ch', pronounced as in loc h, is used for t he 'kll' in certain Arabic loan words. The double consonant 'sf replaces the Ellglish 'sh'.
,.;;
Meaning to sit who to walk enough news the harbourmaster
. Surat chabar jang dalam bahasa M elaju itu bukan sadJa. untuk orang2 jang waldu ini tinggal di Singal)ura, tetap' kami harap djuga supaja ia akan dibatja olcn penduduk di tanah Indoncsia.
DUTC I-I ROMAN IZED MALAY The vowel 'ce', pronounced '00', replaces the English ' u', having the same sound. It also, occasionally, does duty for an '0' where the sound 01 that letter is ind istinct, but the modern Indonesian practice is to replace '<x! wit h either 'u' or '0' .
in Dutch is pronou nced as a
English Romanized dudok yang jalan chukup khabar shahbandar DUTC H ROMANIZED
As th e Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesia n tongue is now th e na tional language, it has to be employed for all the complex usages of modem society, and in th e: process much of the simplicity of Malay speech is inevitably lost,
'f
Dutch Romanized doedoek jang djalan tjoekoep chabar sjahbandar
Socrat chabar jang dalam bahasa Mclajoc itoe boekan sadja ocnt~k or~g21 jang. waktoe ini tinggal di 2 Singapoera, tetapl kaml harap dJoega socp aja ia akan dibatja2 oleh pendocdoek di tanah Indonesia.
Furthermore, owing to the long connection wit h Hdl~nd, borrowed Dutch words replace the E nglish ones employed in Malaya, though ma ny arc similar in sound.
l 11e letter
dj = j: tj = ch: ch = kh: sj = sh,
,'
NOTES: 1. The nu merol 2 means repeat, i.e. or.mg orang. 2. Certa in prepositions and particles which in the Dutch Romanized either stand alone or are telescoped ;lre denoted by hyphens in the Eliglish Romanized version.
xiii
.-
\
ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL TERMS
j
A Noun is a name and may be Singnlar (one) or Plural (mauy) in Number, and Mascnline (male) or Feminine (female) or Neuter (no sex) in Gender. An Inflexion is any change in the fOml of a word. Case i~ the relationship in which a nou n stands to other words in a sentence and md)' be Nominative if it names the Subject, or Objective if it denotes the Object, or Possessive (also called Genitive) if it indicates Ownership. The Indirect Object is said to be in the Dative Case. An Adjective describes or qualifies a Noun. A Pronoun is a word used pro or for a Noun and is: (a) Personal in the First Person (the speaker) or the Second Person (the individual spoken to) or the Third Person (the person spoken about), (b) Demonstrative because it points something out. (e) Interrogative because it asks a question. (d) Relative as it relates or refers to an antecedent. (e) Indefinite as it is vague in expression. (f) Reflexivc as it comes back on the subject. A Verb is a ..,,'Ord which says something and expresses action, state or possession, and ma y be Transitive or Intransitive as the action passes on to an Object or not. Auxiliary Verbs help the main Verb to form Tenses. Tense is the Present, Past or Future time of an action. 'The Peifect Tense compounded of 'have' and '3 Past Participle denotes completed action at the time of speaking, whilst the Pluper. fect wi th 'had' indicates completion previous to some past action or time. Mood is the mode of using a Verb and may be Im perati ve if a command, Of Infinitive if not limited by a Subject. Voice indicates whether the Subject of a Transitive Verb is the doer of alli action or is the one who suffers it, the Verb being in the Active or Passive Voice accordingly. A Present Participle is a Verbal·Adjective ending in 'ing', which, if used as a Noun, is called a Gerund. A Past Participle is a verbal form of completed action. An Adverb is a word added to a Verb, Adjective, or another Adverb to modify ib meaning, and may be compared ill the Com. parative (more) or Superlative (most) Degree. A Preposition is placed pre or before the Noun which it governs to show the relatiollsllip to a preceding word. A Conjunction joins words, phrases alld clauses. xiv
LESSONS
(
,.
(
)
2
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
,
The Article
There is no article such as ' a' or 'the' in Malay. To indicate a definite object the demonstrative adjec· tives ini, this, and itu. that, which remain unchanged in the plural, are employed and should follow the wora they qualify. a a a a a
ship house carriage shop box
'.
(.
VOCABULARY
ini itu orang twm tabek
kaput rumah kcreta kedaio p e ti
NOTES ON EXERCISE
,
· A word marked with an asterisk, though it may be known in some parts, especiall y Sumatra, is not curren t generally in Indonesia (I.), and can be replaced by anotllcr word to be found in tIle syllabic vocabulary
at the end . . I. ini, this here; itu, that there, that refened to before.
EASY
EXERCISE
LESSON 1
this, these that, those a person, a man sir, master, M,. greetings
M A DE
In bazaar' Malay t he demonstratives frequen tly precede the noun they qualify, but this construction is not recommend cd. lui and itu are often shortened by M alays to ni and tu. 2. Mem, ma'am, madam, a Emopean lady, Mrs. It is used of the lady of the house and implies the married sbte. In Indones ia N yonya, Mrs., whether European or Olinese. 3. Nouns remain unchanged in the plural. (Lesson 7.) 4. In Ja'W- warong, a stall, a booth, klde, a SlU~l1 shop. ). Both the words Tuan and Mem, in Malaya. connote E uropeans, but Tuan, Mr., is also employed in addressing certain respected classes of Malays and Indonesia ns. 6. Misi, Miss, a young European girl or unmarried woman. In Indonesi.l Nona, Miss, EUTOI>C3n or Cbinese, noni, a little girl, sin),o, a young European boy. 7. Tabek, good-day, respects. The usual form of salubtion between E uropeans and Malays or other Asians.
.
~
I
The ship. The house. The shop. This carriage. That box. This person. That person. Thll Master. The Mistress (Madam). Those boxes. These shops. That European gentleman. This European lady. The young lady (Miss). This man here. The houses referred to. Mr. Brown. Mrs. Smith. A carriage, Sir! Greetings, Madam!
I'
Ii M .M.I!:.-2
Kapal. Rumah. K~dai. K~i'eta ini. pai itu, Orang ini,t Orang itu. 1 Tuan. Mem. 2 P~tP itu. Kcdai 4 ini. Tuan5 itu. Mem 5 ini. Misi. 6 Orang ini.
Rumah itu. Tuan Brown. Mem Smith • K~reta, Tu:m ! Tabek,7 Mem!
3
'
4
MALAY
MADE
EASY
Numera1s precede the nouns to which they refer.
VOCABULARY satu dua tiga ampat lima
tlu-ee four five
. "
sPc seven eight
anam tujoh
nine ten
sembilan sa-puloh
d~lapan
.'.
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. The indefinite article a, meaning one, may be exp ressed, if necessary, by the n umeral satu t one, 0'[ which sa is a contJ3ction. Sa a, when hyphenated or fa nning the initial ~l!able of certai n com: pound words is pronounced $I and in Indonesia written so, i.e. sfpulob. ten. 2. Onlng, a perso n, is used as a classifier for human beings and precedes the word it qualifies (Lesson 46). It may be left out altogether OJ follow with a numeral. e.g. Mem dua orang, two ladies or ladies, two of th em. • 3. Written dllapan, but always called lap;n in Malaya. 4. An adjective follows tIle nOU ll it qualifies (Lesson B). Oomg Ingglris An Englishman Orang Amerik~n An AmeTican (also Marikan) A Dutchman Onlllg Bilanda Ofllng J'rman A German
·Ofllng
Plflln~his
A
MALAY. MADE
oJ
,
LESSON 2 The Cardinal Numbers.
one two
:
"
EASY
5
EXERCISE
A carriage. A box. A gentleman. One person. A person. A young lady. Two ladies . . Three carriages. Four houses. Five ships. These six boxes. Those seven shops. These· eight houses. Those nine Europeans. Ten English people. Three American girls. A Dutchman. Two Germans. A French gentleman. Europeans.
Satu' k~reta. Satu ~ti. Satu Tuan. Satu orang. Sa1:-orang. Sa-orang2 Misi. Dua 2 Mem. Tiga k~reta. Ampat rumah. Lima kapal. Anam pa-i ini. Tujoh kMai itu. D~lapan3 rumah I.D.I. Sembilan Tuan itu. Sa.puIoh orang Inggb'is.· Tiga Misi Amerikan.· Sa.orang Belanda.· Dua orang Jennan.· Satu Tuan Pernnchis,' Orang Eropah.5
Fr~nchman
A Russian A Portuguese A Europea n A J~w A Malay '" A Javanese A Chinese (also Tionghoa, I.) A Bunn~se A Ceylonese Siam A Siam~se, a Thai J'pun A Japanese (also "pang, I.) Thrki A T urk MIla,·u, or Mllayu, Malays, but it is usual to insert wh~n talking of a race of people.
Orang Rusia Orang PortugiJ Orang Eropah Orana: Yahudi OraD&" Mllayu Orang Jawa Orang China Orang Blnna Orang Selon
Orang Orang Orang 5. Orolllg oromg, folk,
•
6
MALAY
M A DE
EASY
MALAY
LESSON 3 The Cardinal Numbers (Continued). The cardinal numbers from ten on are formed perfect1y regularly by the use of the word ~Ias representing 'teen' in English, e.g. six-teen, and the word puloh, which stands for a unit of tens and is equivalent to 'ty' in EngHsh, e.g. six-ty. Hundreds and thousands are denoted by the words ratus and ribu respectively. sa-W]as dua-bElas
,l one hundred I two hundred
sa-ratus dua ratus tiga-b~l as , etc. one thousand sa-ribu dua-puloh two thousand . dua ribu tiga-puloh, etc. , a time, an occasion kali
I
NOTES ON EXERCISE E. An}' English word 011 its first appClI l'llnce in Malay is marked with an 'c', As ma ny of these words, modified to suit the Malay tongue, now form part of the language, they are spell as pronounced and marked (Eo), whilsi Dutch words absorbed, similarly into Indonesian Malay are marked (D .). • 1. Lorong or gang (D .), a lane. J~lan, a rood. Kampong, a village. Desa, a rural hamlet in Java. Roods arc usually called by their official names. but Malays prefer place names where extant, e.g. Kam pollg Jawa, Arab Street (Singapore). 2. The alphabet is given its English sounds in Malaya. Hump, a letter of the alphabet. Hump Roman, the utin letters. Hump Jawi, Arabic characters. Rumi, romanized. 3. The conjunction 'and' is omitted in enumerating. ~. In calling out large n um~$, th~ nonnal srs1em is employed of sar mg one, five. seven, satu, lIma, tUlOh, for J, 7, or S3.·Wlas aDam. pulob tu joh, for eleven sixty·seven and satu, kosong, tujoh 'for 107. KOSOIl8, void. Sipir or nul (D.), nought. Juta or milyun (D .), 'a million. Angka, a numerical symbol. AlIgka dna, the figure two. 5. Norubor satu, nu mber one, is also a colloquialism for first .rate. K& satu or Ubs nombor satu, first·class. The ordinal numbers Shoe the numerical order and are adjectives. 6. To create ordinals, place the word nombor, num ber before the required cardinal number, e.g. 1I0mbor saw, first; DOmoor dna, second, etc. (Lesson '1 9, No te 6.)
EASY
7
EXERCISE
VOCABULARY
eleven twelve thirteen nventy thirty
MADE
..
These fourteen. Ampat-bNas IIU. Lima-bNas kapal. Fifteen ships. Dua-puloh satu kedai. Twenty-one shops. Thirty-three carriages. Tiga-puloh tiga kereta. Nombore ampat-puloh lima. Number' forty-five. Rumah nombor lima·puloh House number fifty-four, ampat, Lorong l Benna. Burma Lane, Shop number seventeen 'A', KMai nombor tu;oh·belas A,2 Jalan 1 Rochoh. Rochore Road. Carriage number one hun- Kereta nombor sa-ratus anam-belas. dred and s sixteen. Moto-kart' nombor sa-ribu Motor-car number one thoudua ratus anam - putoh sand hvo hundred and tu;oh.4 sixty-seven. Nineteen Arab Street (Kam- S&nbilan - belas Kampongl Jawa, Singapura. pong Java), Singapore. Dua ribu orang Rusia. Two ·thousand Russians. Lima-puloh satu ribu tiga Fifty-one thousand three ratus dt'!lapan-b~lns orang hundred and eighteen China, Chinese. Nombor satu,5 Number one. e Kclas sntu.!I First-class. A second-class c'l.rriage. Kereta, kelas nombor dua.' This hvelfth Siamese over Orang Siam nombor duabelas ini. here. Satu kali. Once. Dua kali sa-~Ias. Twice cleven. Tiga-Mlas kali. Thirteen times. ,. A lhousand occasions. Sa-ribu kali.
8
M A LAY
MADE
E AS Y
MALAY
LESSON 4
The local currency is the Malayan dollar.
VOCABULARY
money
ringgit
suku' sa · t~ngah
wang an account, a bill, to calculate kirn
the price, cost harga a debt, to owe hulang wages gaji expenses, outlay, to spend lWlanja the rent, to hire sewn
NOTES ON EXERCISE o The sign '0' agai nst an English word denotes that it is to be omitted in the Malay translation, I . BiI'llI)ll , -how much? is the normal way of asking the price. Blrap;I harga, what's the cost? (Lesson 12, Note 2.) 2. In Indonesia ongkos (D.). outlay, cost, charge, ta riff. 3. Dwt (D.), a doit, money. is not much used in Indonesia- in Penan~ it stands, for ';I cent' whereas in Singapore it means 11 qua;ter. cent Piece. ~It s.;n, small change, coppers. Siling (E.), a shilling, small change III sllI'cr, 'Vang tunai or kontan (D.), cash re:!dy money. 1. Sa-tl ngah, a half, from tlngab, middle. Europeans when ordering a half tot of whisky with soda, often ask for a 'stenga'h' only the rest being understood . ' 5. The Indonesian rupiah or florin is Clllled rup iah Indonesia Or ringgit Jawa in Malaya, whilst the India n ru pee is kn own as the rupiah Blnggala from Bengal, a loose tenn 'foT Hindia, India. 6 .. Sa-kupang, a ten-cent piece in Penang, or sa-pichis in Indonesia. Multi ples up to a dollar are expressed thus: T IP kupang. thi rty centslima Impang dna duit. lifty-two cents_ • 7. &atu suku. a 'qu2Tter', 2) cents. In Indonesia sa-plJ.nllpat or sa-tali, a 'quarter'. (Lesson 19, Note 6.) 8_ Malay or related words wh ich are current in the language as · spoken in Indonesia, but not readily understood in Malaya aTC marked as Indonesian or (\. ). '
E A SY
9
EXE RC ISE
The CUlTency.
a dollar a quarter a half
MAD E
•
Price, three dollars. A debt ofo twelve cents. Expenses, a dollar. One dollar and ninety cents. Seventy-five cents wages. Small change (silver). A ten-cent silver p iece. A fi ve-dollar note. Ten dollars cash. Half a rupiah (or rupee). A dollar and a quarter. Two dollars and a half. A bill forO thirty cents. Half a lemonade. Half the people. Three quarters of 0 the cost. Hire, twenty-fi ve cents. Expenditure, one dollar and three quarters. Seven Indonesian Dorins. Rent, eleven dollars and eighty-four cents.
Harga,1 tiga ringgit Hutang dua-~las sen. B~Ianja,2 sa-ringgit Satu ringgit sbnbilan-puloh sen.e Tujoh.puloh lima sen gaji. Duit3 si!ling.e Si!Iingl sa·puloh sen. Note lima ringgit. Wang 3 sa-puloh ringgit. Sa.t~ gah4 rupiah. 1i Sa.ringgit suku. Dua ringgit sa-t~gah. Kira tiga-puloh sen.a Sa_toogah 4 lamnit.e Sa-tengah orang. Tiga suku harga. Sowa, satu suku.T BManja, sa • ringgit tiga sul..-u. Tujoh rupiah Indonesia.' Sewa, sa-bi!las ringgit d~la pan.puIoh ampat sen.
10
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
The. Time There is a standard time for the whole ' of Malaya which is seven and a half hours ahead of Greenwich mean time, while Java time is eight hours ahead.
VOCABULARY
the morning
the aftemoon a day
jam
pukul pagi ~tang·
hari
the daytime a night to-morrow the day after to-moceow ye~ tcrday
EASY
II
EXERCISE
LESSON 5
an hour, a clock to strike, o'clock
MADE
siang malam
bowk
Ius. kelmarin
NOTES ON EXERCISE L Pukul dua, struck two. Pukul, to beltt, to hit, and so o'clock or time is inVllriably inserted when stating the hour. l'ukul ildrapa, what's the time? Jam Wrapa, what's the hour? Pukul dua or jam dua (L), two o'clock. 2. Or pagi·pagi, the early morning. (Lesson 47), 3. T6ngah bari, mid.oay. Tlngall malam, midn igh t. Malam bari. night.time. Han, a day, is often added where in English 'time' is used. Had lusa (I.), tile day after to·morrow. T empo hari (I. ), the other day. T empoh, t ime. 4. Sa. malam, a n ight ago, is used for bst night and yesterda y but, in the latter case, to avoid confusion the word siang, daytime, is often added. Malam " 'malam, last night. S. KeIrnarin or Umarin is sometimes used in the sense of 'the other day' or 'some da)"S ago'. Kllmarin dahulu, the da y before yesterday. DahuJu, pronounced du]u, previous. 6. Jam, at the hour of, is sometimes added. Jam ini, at this t ime, now. Jam itu, at that period, then. ,am, a watch. In Indonesia arloii (D.).. a watch; lonehellg, an alaml·dock. 7. lni hari, or hari illi, to-day. In; maJam or mal:lln ini, to.night. Both forms are used by Malays nO\vadays. 8. T iga suku or lisa IN"rampat (I.), three quarters - a way of ~ ressing the end of the thi rd quarter cif an hour. 9. Plt:ang or SOre (I.), afternoon, is employed up to and including six o'clock, after wh icll malam is used for evening or night. In Islamic countries the day commences at sunset, six p.m., and lasts until sundown on the following evening. 10. lAbeh, more. over, past . Liwat (I.), past, after, late. II . Kurallg, less, short, minus. 841111, correct, exact.
-'
Five minutes and forty seconds. A quarter of 0 an hour. Half an hour. Three quarters oro an hour. One hour and a half. Two o'clock of 0 a morning. Eight-twenty a.m. yes~er day. Four-thirty p.m. this day (half past four to-day). Twelve noon, the day after to-morrow. To-morrow in ° the daytime. Midnight Jast night. Yesterday, during o the day. The day before yesterday at the hour of 11.27 in O the morning. A quarter past O one to-day. At O 9.25 this evening (tonight). The day after to-morrow atO 3.45 (I) in 0 the afternoon. At O seven o'clock to-night. In ° the daylight at· five minutes after five. A quarter to (1ess) six yesterday evening. At the hour of ten exactly.
Lima minite ampat-puloh seken.e Suku jam. Sa-t~ngah jamTiga suku jam_ Sal:u jam sa-t~ngah, Puku}l dua pagi.2 Pul.. ul d~lapan duu - puloh pagi, keimarin. Pukul ampat sa - tblgah ~tang, hari ini. Pukul dua - belas t~Dgah harP lusa. Besok siang (or siang hari 8) . Tcngah nlaJam' sn-maJam.4 Kelmarin~ siang. Kelmarin dahulu ~ jam 6 pulcul sa-b~l as dua·puloh tujoh pagi. Pukul satu suku ini hari,' Pukul sembilan duu-puloh lima malam ini. Lusa pukul tiga tiga sulcus ~tang.1I
Pukul tujoh ini malum. 7 Siang, pukul lima l~beh lO lima minit. Pukul aDam kurang l l suku kelmurin malam. Jam pukul sa-puloh bltul.l1
.
.•, 12
MALAY MADE EASY
MALAY MADE
LESSON 6 The Calendar, Weights and Measures. The six days of the week from Monday to Saturday are expressec\ by the numerals one to six preceded by the word hari, a day. The twelve months of the year from January onwards arc known by the numerals one to twelve preceded by the word bulan, a month. week month. a moon year foot, a leg mile, a stone
minggu bulan tahun kaki batu
around tall, high long broad heavy, weight
k
I :.
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Han minggu, th e Lord 's Day. Sunday, from the Portuguese 'domingo', lord. Hari juma'at, Friday. the Moslem sabbath. Ar.1bic names for the days of the week arc in USC as follows; Sunday, etc., Aha
), Note 9.) 2. Arabic months are employed for religious purposes, th e best known being Ramadan, or BuulIl puasa, th e fasting month. Puasa, to fast. Mubarram corresponds to January. The Dutch names for months are cUlTent in Indonesia and English ones are becoming common in Malaya. 3. S:I-hari bulan, the first (one) day of the month.
"
"
622).
5. Eta, an ell, :I yard. In Indonesia the metric system is in force. Dlpa. a fathom. !btu, a mile, from milestones. 6. Or sa-tllogah ampat \cali, 3Y.z "ft. In this idiom sa-tlngab is half a unit less than th e gi\'Cn cardinal n umber, e.g. pukul sa-tlngah ampat Cr.), half past th ree o'clock. 7. Gelen, a gallon, of petrol. The th ree Malay weights and measures in commOn use are: Kati, a catty (\ ; lb.), for vegetables, meat and fish. Pikul, a piett! (IB; lb.), for firewood and rubbe r. Ganbng, a g:mtang, a ~lIon or bushel. Cbupak, a qllart holds about 2 lb. of rice.
.
EASY
13
EXERCISE
VOCABULARY
a a a .a a
,
.,',
Hari satu. Hari dua pagi. Had anam ~tang. Hari. minggu I tblgah hari. Bulan satu.' Sa-hari bulan,~ bulan ampat, tabun itu. Satu hari bulan3 Januari.2 Hari tiga, ampat hari bulan, bulan anam. Hari lima,l dua-puloh lima hari bulan, bulan dua~Ias, Hari Kismis.e Harl ampat, minggu ini. Han anam, malam. 1 Ampat-b~las hari bulan,' bulan dua, tahun4 sa-ribu s~mbilan ratus tigapulo!t. The night of the fourteenth Malam ampat-belns hari bulan.(or the full moon). Bulan d~lapan, tahun ini. August this year. Dua-puloh ela~ panjang. Twenty yards long. Two feet three and a quarter Dua kaki tiga inchle suku lebar. inches wide. A mile round and three and Satu batu~ , 5celiling;. tip kaki sa_tengah6 tinggi. a haW leet high. Anam-puloh paune bb"at. Sixty pounds weight. XapaJ, sa-ratus tan. e A hundred ton ship. Harga anam gelen. T The price of six gallons.
Monday (Srst day). Tuesday morning. Saturday afternoon. Sunday midday. January (first month). The Srst ofo April of that year. The first day of January. Wednesday the fourth of June. Friday the twenty-Sfth of December., Christmas Day. Thursday this week. Saturday night (European). The fourteenth of February of the year nineteen hundred ,and thirty.
14
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
I
'"
>
}.
f
VOCABULA.RY
a husband a wue
p~r ~mpuan
anak
hudak· Inki bini
a fowl an ox, a cow
.yam
a horse a sheep , a goat a pig
kuda kambing babi
l~mbu·
t
NOTE:; ON EXERCISE 1. Jantan is in ge neral usc for 'a man', but laki·laki or orang laki (1.), a man, is more polite. Laki (I.), male. 2. Perlmpuan (I.), female, is politer tha n Wtina, for 'a woman', and can ' be '; wife' . }st.ri t a wife, in polite circles. 3. Anak jantlll or ~ lIak laki (1.), a son, '; real man', Anak plrimpuan, a daughter. Anal.: dalll or p'l'lI wan (I. ), a maiden, a virgin. Dam, virgi nity. Anak t' runa, a bachelor. ADak orang, other people's children, especially daughters. 1. Budak, a )"outhful person, is used for you ng children of either sex, and also for a golf caddy or tennis-ball boy. Budak (I.), a slaye. In Indonesia kachong, ;I Ooy, you ngster. 5. Anak, a child, \\Chen placed before the name of any creature mear.s the )'Qung of that species. Anak ayam, a young chicken, a chick. An2k kambing, a kid, a lamb. 6. U$ually only goats are kept in Mala)'a so that kambing covers both goats and sheep. Biri·biri or domba (I.). a sheep. 7. Sapi (r.), 3n ox. In Malaya, minyak sapi, beef suet. 8. Dna laki bin.i, man and wife. Anak bini, a family. 9. Anak, a son of, a native of. Anak Mllayu, a Malay. Anak Menang·kabil u, a n3tive of Minangkabau, in Sumatra, the cradle of the Malay r:Jce, whence many migrated to found the States of Negri Sembilan , where matriarchy is in force.
EASY
15
EXERCISE
LESSON 7 The Noun The Malay noun undergoes no inBexion to denote gender, number or case. The sexes can be distinguished, if necessary, by the addition of the words janhm. male, and benna, female. placed after the word they qualify. Number is determined from the context. (Lesson 47, Para. 2.) a woman a child a youth
MADE
,"
, "
A male person. Females. A woman. These four women. Three sons. Two daughters. That girl. A young lad. A cock. Six hens. Twelve chicks. This stallion. A bull. Ten cows. The cost of ° a kid. A young boar. The value 0(° a fo al. Ten calves. A husband and ° wife. Arabs, a married couple. A wife and o child . Seven girls (daughters). A boy (male child). A c;ouple of 0 men. This Malay.
,
Orang jantan. 1 Orang b~tin a.2 Satu ~r~puan . 2 Ampat orang b~tin a mi. Tiga anak jantan. s Dua anak ~tina . 3 Budak' ¢r~mpuan itu. Sa·orang budak jantan.4 Satu ayam jantan. Anam ayam b~tina. Dua-beJas anak aynm ..s Kuda jnntan ini. Lembu janlan. Sa-puJoh l~mbu bl!tinll. Hargll :lOa~ kambing.6 AnaK! babi jilOtan. Harga nnak kudll.~ Sa.puJoh anak J ~mbu .1 Laki bini. Orang Arab. dUll Jilki bini-s
Anak bini.' Tujoh anak perempuan 3 • Sa·orang anak jan tan. Dua orang laki.laki. t Anak l\{(!layu' ini.
, -:.., MALAY
16
MALAY
MADE
EASY
Adjectives are indeclinable and follow the substantives which they qualify. The demonstrative adjectives, when employed in conjunction with a noun and a quaJifying adjective, follow the attribute.
,, ,
,
.
VOCABULARY
young hot
b~ar
ki!chil tua
muda panas
cold, cool black white old, a long time new
EASY
EXERCISE
LESSON 8 The Adjective.
large small old (of living things)
MADE
sejokhitam puteh lama bah"",
NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Bini mud:!, a young wife, also a secondary wife. Z. In Indonesia Sljok means cool and dingin, cold, chilly. 3. Or.ang lama, an old person or hand. in contradistinction to an orang baham, a new person or comer, a novice. Baham is pronounced baro., as Malays often omit for euphony the ha syllable in words derived from Sanskrit. 4. Orang puteh, a whi te man, a European, sometimes restricted in Malaya to English people. the nationality being stated in other cases, e.g. orang Indon~ , an Indonesian. 5. Harl Wsar, a creat day, a festive occasion, a festival. 6. BIs:H, main, chief, head . Orang Wsar, an important person. Tu:.tQ Wsar, the llead of a 6nn or office or department. Boy bIsar, the head 'boy' or scrvant, a head waiter. 7. Orang klehil, a little man, a man of no consequence or humble birth . Tuan klchil, a European junior or assistant. "Boy klchil shortened to 'Kichi' is used by Europeans for a help. Klchil is pronounced klchi in Maia)'1l. 8. House servants arc called 'Boy' irrespective of age. In Indonesii jongos (D.). boy, youngster, is employed Similarly for a servant, steward, or waiter. Bujang (I.), a servant. 9. Auak kk hil, a small child. a baby. Bayi (I.), a baby. 10. Distinguish between huang bam ini, this neiv debt, and ini hutang bam, this (pronoun) is a new debt.
"
J
A large hotcl A small glass. An old woman. A young wife. A hot day. A cool night. This black horse. That white fowl. An old hand. The new master. A white person. A holiday to-morrow. The eldest child. The (European) manager. A small person. The head servant. A little child (baby). An under house-servant. Those old houses. These old oxen. A European assistant. An important personage. A European newcomer. Big wages. A fresh debt.
Hotel e bcsar. G~lase k~chiI.
Perbnpuan tua. Bini muda.1 Hari panas. Malam sejok,2 Kuda hitam ini. Ayam puteh itu. Orang lama.' Tuan bam. s Orang puteh.4 Harl bCsar"' besok. Anak tua. Tuan bl1sar.tI Orang k~chiJ.1 BoyS b~sar.6 Anak k~chilo (bebi8 ). Boy k~hiJ.1 Rumah lama itu. Umbu tua ini. Tuan kechil. 7 Orang besar." Orang puteh baru.3 Gaji ~ar. Hutang baru.1o
17
MALAY
l\lADE
EASY
1.-1ALAY
LESSON 9 The Adjectival use of Nouns. Nouns denoting materials or place can be used adjectivally by placing the qualifying noun after the subject. VOCABULARY
water wood fire, a light a plank iron
ayer kayu api papnn bt'!:.i
a a a a a
place, a stand room market fence, a hedge country
Wmpat bilek o pasar pagar negt'!ri
XOTES ON EXERCISE a stone or brick· built house. P~p:m b;Jtll, ;] shte. 2. Kapal api, (lit.) a fire.ship, a stcamer. (Lesson is.) 3. K4reta alIi, (lit.) a fire·carriage, a train, the railll-ay. i. Bilek ayer, a wash· room, water closet. In Indonesia kamar (0.1, a room, replaces bilek and ka ntor (D.), a counting-house is used for office, etc. Kal1l~r k6chil, a \\I.e. Kantor polisi, a police-station. Kautor kawat, ~ telegraph office. Kawat, wire. Kantor dn:m (D.), a custom house. S. K4teta kuda, a horse carriage, a glwrry ()r closed·in lwrse l-'e1licle, th e ponics for wh ich come fWII1 Deli. Sumatra . 6. Tahull bam, the New Year. Tahull lama, th e old year last year. The Chinese New Ycar, ()ld st~le, ocenrs between J:muary'20th and Febnwry 20U\. 7. Jam Wsar, any large public clock, a clock·loln'r. 8. I'ulau Pinang, Penang island, the capital of Ilhieh, George town, is called Taniong, the capc, by Malays. 9. Or h\l13b, land. Tanah Ingg4ris, England. Tanah 13\1-:1, Java. T al13b aycr, territory, nativc land. 10. Allak neglri China, a nativc of alina. l'-'egeri, a country, when followed and qualificd by the namc of any race. denotes the land ()f the people referred to. Nlgeri Kl!lin g. \bdras. Auak negeri Keling. a Ilatil'c of Madras. Nigeri Siam, Thailand. II. Tem pat, a receptacle, a 11older. is used in the formation of many compound words, e.g. telllpat sireb, a sirih-box, containing betcl
RUUJ~h b~hl,
MADE
EASY
19
EXERCISE
Rumuh butu I b~sar. Rumah papan k~chi!. Pagar bt'!:si lama. p~ti kayu hitam itu. Kapal api2 Inggcris ini. Kcreta api3 mel" KMnh. Bilek aycr4 baru. Kcreta kuda ll sewn. Kereta Iembu Mclayu itu. Tnhun baru G onmg China . Jam besar7 stcshin" kereta api PuIau Pinang.8 Rumah api M~lolro. The Malacca lighthouse. Anak Mclayu Johor. A Johore ~[alay. Wang ncgeri G Ingg~ris . E nglish money. Anal: ncgcri China. lo A China-born Chinese. Lembu ncgcri Keling. lo ~Iadras cattle. Kudn Deli~ kechi!. A small Deli pony. Tempatl l nyer batu, l! A receptacle forO ice. Tempat kayu api, A place for O fjrc.wood. Tcmpat sa-puloh laksi," A stand for O ten taxis. sireh tanah lawn.' Tempat A Javanese sirm-set. Tcmpat jam" baru. The new jam-dish. Pnpan hitum lebar. A broad black-board. t Papan botu taliplln." The telephone slate. The Singapore fowl·market. Pasar lS ayam Singapura.
A large stone building. A smull plank house. An old iron fence. The black wooden box. This British steamship. The Kedah mail-train. TIle new washroom. A hackney horse·carriage. That
M.M.E.-}
20
MALAY
MADE
EASY
EASY
21
LESSON 10 Personal and Possessive Pl0nouns. There is no inflection to denote case.
The use of the second person singular should be avoided as far as possible either by omitting it entirely or by substituting the name, rank, employment, or relationship of the person add..-essed. The same words urc used respectively for both the second and third persons singular and plural, but in the latter case the word orang, people. may be a~ ed to avoid ambiguit y. Possessive pronouns are formed by placing th ssivt' particle, punya, '5, after the personal pronoun.
you
he, she, it, they we '5,
'owning'
VOCABULARY sahaya a hat ~ngkau a coat dia trousers k:ta a shirt punya a boot, a shoe
topi baju scluar" kemeja kasut"
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Sahara, I, pronounced saya, is used by or to Europeans as the other words cxprcss ~ more intimatc relationship. Aku (or ku). I (familiar), Hamba, I, a servant. 2. Engkau (also kau), or kowe (I.), you. to subordinates; Ill, you, to a Chinese. Ellgkall (I.), you (polite). Awak, you (polite), in lohore. Kamll (or nHI), you (polite), elsewhcre. 3. From 11IIjlU:ly:!, to own. Plinya corresponds to the suffix's' in English, il1dicating the possessive form of nOl1ns. The tendency to overdo the employmcn t of punya whcn not used with pcrson~ should be avoided, and the adjectival forms used, e.g. tlm\lat sijok, not sljok punya Mmp~t. 4. In indonesia ehl!1~lla, trousers, replaces sl!1uar. 5. Better yang b6sar, thc big one. Yang, that which. 6. Or kot)iah in Penang, the round velvct Malay cap. 7. In Indonesia sepatu, 3 boot, shoe, also llsed in t-.of:Jlap. 8. Or panjang lchar.nya. Nya, its. is tllC unemphatic genitive of dia, he, etc. (Lesson 44.) 9. Dill semua, they all. la, he, the literar}' form of dill.
My topee Your white coat. His old place. Her black shoes. Its wooden planks. Our monthly wages. Your (plural) great new country. TIleir young cattle. Master's shirt. Madam's old frock (gown). My husband's black trousers. A lady's hat. Someone's child. The child's hot water. A Malay's coat. A large one. Last night's account. A cold spot. The \vife's house. His songkok (Malay cap). Our shoe-stand. Your wife (polite). Its length and breadth. Their (plural form) hedge. Your Chinese trousers.
Saya 1 punya topi. Engkau 2 punya baju puteh. Dia punya h~mpat lama. Dia punya kasut hitam. Diu punya papan kayu. Kita pWlya gaji bulan. Engkau orang punya n eg~ri
barn bbar. Dia punya lembu muda. Tuan punya3 klffi1eja, Mem punya gaune lama. Saya punya 13ki punya seluar 4 hitam. Perempuan punya topi. Orang punya anak. Budak punya ayer panas. MeJayu punya baju, Besar punya,l' Sa-malam punya kira. Scjok punya tempat. 3 Bini punya rumah. Dia punya songkok. 0 Kita punya tcmpat kasut. 7 Kamu punya isteri. Dia punya panjang lebar,S Dia\! orang punya pagar, Lu! punya sclunr China.
22
MALAY
MALAY
MADE
MADE
EASY
23
EXERCISE
Possessive Pronouns and the Possessive pronouns may also be created by placing the personal pronouns after the word expressing the object possessed or its qualifying adjective. (Lesson 44, Para. 3.) The simple genitive case of nouns is formed by the nOlln denoting the possessor being placed immediately after the thing possessed. VOC.\BULARY
a a a a a
workman tuknng labourer, a coolie kuli sais · groom dobio washerman name
nama
a a a a
clerk friend teacher clergyman
a king, a prince
k~ani ·
kawan· gum padl!ri o raja
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Tu\..aug means an artisan, a skilled \\oIkman, and when placed before a word combines with it to form a compound word to deno te a worker in that particular line. Tukang kayu, a wood-worker, a carpenter. 1um, an expert, a competent person. luru b.li1asa, an interpreter, from bahasa. a language. Jum hilis, a clerk in Indonesia. Z. Tukang ayer, a water·carrier, a T.A. who does the rough work of a house. Toti, the 'sweeper' of latrines. 3. Ayah , an ayah, is reserved for Malay and Indian womell who act 33 children's nurses or as ladies' maids: Javanese maids are called Oabu, and Chinese liurscs Amah. 4. Duit klchil or W311g k«hil, small money, change. S. Orang gaji, a hired person, a servant. an employee. 6. Sais, a syce, a coachman, a motor<ar driver, or draiba (E.), :I dri\'er, a chauffeur. In Indonesia sorir (D.). chauffeur; knsir (D.), a coachman; tukang kud:i, a groom. 7. To avoid a succession of qualifying words the construction with pun,.-a may be used, e.g. sais klrem kuda pun)':! haisikaJ, or perCl'mpu3n Slrani pUDy;;l topi ilibm. 8. SlralU, or Indo (D.), a Eurasian. The Eurnsians in Malaya fonn a respectable Christian community cngaged, for the most part, in clerical work or as shop assistants. 9. Sahabat or sobat (I.), a friend. Ternan, a companion. 10. In Indonesia pastor (D.), a Roman Catholic priest; pindita, II priest gCllcrall},. Imam, an Islamic religious head. II. l\1llllltu, a washennan, replaces dohi, in Indonesia.
My water·carrier. Your new coolie. His old friend. H er elderly ayah. Our King's name. Their small change. The Sultan of Peru's new Astana (palace). A Jap.'l.nese ship. The employees of the Yam Tuan of Negri Sembilan. A prince's home. The chief clerk's pencil. l\lastcr's Malay teacher. A carpenter's shop. A shoemaker's room. The coachman's bicycle. The Eurasian woman's black hat. A friend's young child. A Christian priest. The Raja of Perlis' place. The Chinese dhoby's wages.
Tukang ' ayerZ sara. Kuli baru cngkau. Kawau lama dia. Ayah 3 tua dia. Nama raja kiln. Duit kechil' din orang. Astana (or Islan3) baru Sultan Perak. Kapat orang Jepun. Orang gajill Yam Tuan Ncgcri Scmbilan. Rumah anak raja. Pensile kcrani b~ur. Curu Mtilaru Tuan. K~ai tukang kayu.' Bilek tukang knsut. Baisikale saiso kcretu kuda.1 Topi hitam7 ~rcmpunll Scrani.8 Anak muda kawan. n Padi!ri 1o orang Kcristian. e Tcmpat Raja Pt'!rlis. Caji dobi l l China.
24
MALAY
MADE
EASY
LESSON 12 The Interrogatives. Interrogatives may either precede or come after the words they qualify. (Lesson 24, Para. 1.) The interrogative pronoun mana, when it means which, usually follows the noun it quali6es. VOCABULARY npa a reason, a cause p asal O what macham siapa a kind, a sort who umo< mana age which, where khabar bila· news, to tell when surat bl!rapa a letter how much NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Apa pasal Of lIpa s&h, what reason? why? Slbab, a reaSOII. because, is generall y used ill Indonesia, pasal also means a subject , a
clause. Klrn1pa, why? (Lesson 28. Note I.) 2. Blrar,' how much? how many? is always employed in maki ng enquiries 0 a numerical na t ure wh ich in English could be phrased. as either 'how?' or 'wha!?' nll'llpa umor, how old are )"OU? (Blr-llpa, bemg wha t .}
3. Bila, at the time when (Lesson 37). Kapan (I.), when. 1. Or mana satu slluar, which onc? Yang mana, which? 5. It is more idiomatic to use siapa, who? than apa, what? when asking after person's na me. (Si.apa. the wha t.) 6. Tulung wang or kasir (D.), a treasurer, a cashier. 7. SlIT,It, a book, any writi ng, a chit, a testimonial, a character. Kitab. a book, a religious work. 8. In Penang the plurative suffix apa is affixed to sahara, I, to form sepa (sahara apa), we; similarly dia, he. becomes depa (dia apa), they, and bang, you, becomes hangpa, you all. 9. Slblrang, the opposite side or bank, across. SlWrang Plrai, Province WelleslC}' (P.W.), as frye lies opposite Penang. Owla slWrang, people from the opposite shore. to. Apa khabar (pronounced bbar). what's the !lews? is the Mala, equivalent of 'how do you do', to which the reply is kbabar baik, good news or 'quite well, thank you'. 11 . TaijiD, 'great ma n', a Chinese honorific, in Malaya a Secretary for. Chinese Affairs. Sense, a Chinese·style doctor. 12. Macham mana, in wha t manDer? BIsaf mana, how big? 13 . Apa, what, when it follows II nOll n often implies 'what ki nd of', depending on the tone of voice.
a
MALAY
MADE
EASY
25
EXERCISE
What's this place? Who's that? Why? Where's the newspaper? How much for the chicken? One dollar. Which chicken? This one. What's your age, Boy? What's the time now? When? AtO three o'clock. Which trousers, Sir? What's your ship's name? What's the cashier's name? Pereira, a Portuguese. Whose letter's this? Whose sun-helmet's that? The Engineer's wife's. What sort of a shirt? What's the date to-day? How long? Two hours. How many pens? One. Whose room? Theirs, the Province Wellesley folk. How do you do, Taijin; how's the child? What kind of a shop's this? A Chinese herbalist's.
Apa t~pat inil Siapa itu? Apa pasall ? Mana surat khabar? Berapa aram ini? Satu ringgit. Ayam mana? Ini satu. B ~rapall umor, Boy. Pukul b~r8pa jam ini? Bila!? Pukui tiga. S~Iuar mana,· Tuan? Apa nama kapal mgkau? Siapa~ nama tukang wang& ? P~rera, orang Portugis. Siapa punya surat7 iniP Topi itu siapa punya? Bini Tuan Enjinir e punya. Apa macham k~"!eja? B~rapa hari bulan hari ini? Bbapa ll lama? Dun jam. Bbapall pen' ? Satu. Siapa punya bilek? Dia' punya, orang s~bbang.' Apa khabar,lo Taijin;1I macham mana l2 anak? Kedai apa lll ini? KMai sense.1I
26
MALAY
MA D E
MALAY
EASY
LESSON 13 The Verb: Imperative. Verbs are either simple or derived from other parts of speech by the addition of prefixes and (or) suffixes. Generally speaking both transitive and intransitive verbs occupy the same position in a sentence as in English, whilst the word 'to' is not required in the infinitive. Simple verbs in their root form are indefi nite in meaning but are used thus to form both the second person of the imperative mood and the infinitive. (Lesson SO.) The untranslatable emphatic suffix lab is frequently added to verbs in the second person imperative. The conjunction 'and' is not required between two verbs in the imperative mood. to come, hither
to go to give to bring to learn
VOCABULARY to call, to summon mari pergi to order, to tell to come, to arrive kasi bawa to go back, to go home belajar I to question, to ask
panggil surch datang pulang tanya
NOTES ON EXERCISE I. T~mpat illi, or Silli, here. ' T~mpat itu, or situ, there. 2. Or bllgcha, ill Penang the Chinese term for ricksha. 3. Piun, peon, is the Anglo.Indian word "for a messenger or office boy, who in mcrcantile offices is called tambi, a tamby, derived from a Tamil word meaning younger brother. In Indonesia opas (D.), a messenger, ordeIly; opas polisi, a policeman; manteri, a trained native assistan t; rnant~ri polisi, a police sub·inspector. 4. Tuan and !I.'lem in a married household stand for husband and wife as well as Master and Mistress. 5. I\Ullbari, a Malabari, a Moplah from the Malabar coost of India. In Malaya they keep eating.houses. 6. Kedai kopi or warong kopi (l.), a eafe, a tea·shop. 7. Bawa, to convey, to carry; hawa mari, to bring hither. 8. l\1aooor, an overseer, a head waiter (I.). Tandil, a tindal, a foreman, a leading native seaman, a caretaker (t). 9. Plrgi is pronounced p6gi and often shortened to pi.
MA DE
EASY
27
EXERCISE
Come to this spot (here). Where are you off to? Go home this minute. You (plural) go away. Boy, bring some" cold water and give itO to him. Give me ten dollars to~ morrow. Babu, call a ricksha (trisha) right away. Peon, tell my syce to go home. Come to-morrow morning at nine o'clock. Go over" there and ask the time. Tamby, order Din, my motor-car driver, to come to-night. Send for the men and teU them to come here. Go and ask my wife the whereabouts of myoId hat. Tell a Malabari from " the coffee-shop to bring some biscuits here. Mandor, go and call two Tamil labourers. Tindal, you go and learn to do the accounts to-day.
Mari tempat inil (or sinO. Pergi mana? Pulang·lah jam ini.
Engkau orang pergi-lah. Boy, bawa ay~r sejok, kasi dia, Kasi saya sa-puloh ringgit besok. Babu, panggil satu becha2 ini jam. Piun,s suroh sais saya pulang. Datang-Iah b~sok pagi jam pukul ' sembilan. Pergi tCmpat itu 1 (or situ) tanya jam, Tambi,3 suroh Din, saya punya sais moto·kar, datang ini malam. Panggil orang suroh dia datang tempat ini. Pergi tanya Mem· mana saya punya topi lama. Suroh sa-orang Melebari 5 kedai6 kopie bawa marF biskut. e Mandor,s pergi panggil dua orang kuli Kcling. Tandil,3 engkau pegi9 belajar kira wang hari ini.
28
MALAY
MADE
EASY
MALAY
LESSON 14 The Verb: Present Tense. Verbs undergo no inflexion to denote either mood, tense, voice, number or person. The tense of a verb standing alone is indeterminate. Tense may be expressed by auxiliaries which precede the verb but need not be used if the tense is already sufficiently evident from the context. The present tense is fanned in simple sentences by a combination of the subject and a verb in its root form. VOCABULARY
to eat, food to drink to bathe to write
to l/pealc, talk
makan mioum mandi tulis chakap·
to work, business to play to hit, to multiply to like. to be pleased to watch, to guard
k~rja
main pukul
sub jaga
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Or ella, tea, in Penang. Tekoon, a tea·pot. Chawan, 3 teacup. 2. Bob, a ball. Main bob, to play ball, Association football. Other games are given their English names with the "«Ird main placea in front. Main tenis, to play tennis. Meja bola, a billiard·table. Kamal bola, a club, in Indonesia. 3. &wa pfrgi, to bear or carry away, to take away. Bawa pulang, to take home. Bawa dating, to bring. 4. The possessh'e pronoun is frequently omitted in Malay when it is clear from the context who the possessor is. 5. Ayet minum, drinking· .....-ater. The present participle of any verb, when used adjectivally to 'form a compOund nOun, follows the substantive which it qualifies. 6. Milkan gaji, (lit.) to cat wages, to work for wages. 7. Haji, a pilgrim. A Moslem who goes on the pilgrimage to Mecca and accomplishes all the prescribed ceremonies during the appOinted period is entitled to the honorific Haji. 8. In Indonesia bichara, to talk, to speak, or omong, to tllk. to gossip replace cbakap, which means to undertake. 9. Munshi, a native teacher of Oriental languages. 10. Islam, the Islamic religion. Orang Islam, a Moslem.
MADE
EASY
29
EXERCISE
I eat. You drink He writes. She bathes. We talk. You (plural) worl::. They play. I eat chicken. You drink tea. H e is writing a letter.· She is bathing her child. Why are you hitting the horse, Syce? Who is looking after the cattle to-day? He. They like to p lay football on <> Saturday afternoon. \Ve are taking away ourA writing books. A Menadonese steward brings the drinking water. What are you doing, Ali? I'm a wage·earner, Sir. She is busy at six o'clock this evening, Haji. I am fond of talking Malay, Moonshee. He is taking home a Mo· hammedan religious work.
Saya roakan. Engkau minum. Dia tulis. Dia mandi. Kila chakap. Engkau orang k~rja. Dia orang main. Saya makun ayam. Engkau minum teh. 1 Dia tulls surat. Dia mandi dia punya anak. Apa pasal ~ngkau pukul kuda, Sais? Siapa jaga Ibnbu hari ini? Dia. Dia orang suka main bola 2 hari anam ~tang. Kita bawa pbgP buku" tulis. Jongos M~nado bawa da· tang' arer minum.:> Ali apa kb-ja? Sara makan gaji,' Tuan. Dia kerja pukul anam pe. tang ini, Haji.7 Sara suka chakap8 Mt'!layu, MunshLIl Dia bawa pulangl kitab orang Islam.t O
30
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
LESSON 15 The Present T ense formed by the verb ada, to be. The present continuous tense is formed by the employment of the auxiliary verb ada, to be, to exist, which emphasises continuity of action. Words denoting present time or tengah, middle, in the midst of, arc used to stress the present. VOCABULARY
to walk, a road jaIan to wear, to use, to put on, to dress palmi to sleep tidor to sit, to dwell dudok to prepare, ready siap4"
meat
fish an egg cooked rice a cake, a pudding
daging ikan telar nasi kueh
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Benggali. a Sikh, a northern Indian. This term arose through . the fact that the first contact between Malays and northern Indians was through the sepoy regiments of the Bengal presidency. B6nggali Sik, a Sikh . Benggali Islam, a Punjabi Mohammedan. Orang Kabul, a Pathan, an Afghan. 2. Orang jaga, a watchman, a caretaker, a door.keepcr. The Iaga, as he is commonly called in Malaya, is usually a northern Indian engaged to look after premises at night or in the absence of the owner. Jaga, to be awake, watchful. 3. Or sftiia, to prepare, whidl is more usual in Indoncsia. 4. Daging, meat, when it precedes the name of any bird or animal, denotes the flcsh of that species. Daging Io!'mbu, bed. Daging brobing.. goat's flesh, mutton. Daging babi, pig's flesh. In Indonesia ikau, fiSh, may also mcan meat. ,. Tukang batll, a stone·worker, a mason, a bricklayer. 6. Jalan, to go, to be in motion; jabn plrgi, to make for. 7. Tengah, to be engaged in, or sftiang, during, while. 'In Penang dok, an abbreviation of dudok, is used colloquially in the same sense. Dia dok makan, he is engaged in eating. 8. Merah (red) or kunillg (yellow) tllor (I.)., yolk. Tllor mata sapi, (lit.) an ox-eye egg. fried eggs in Indonesia. 9. Makan nasi, to eat rice, to take a meal. Minllm ayer, to drink water, to partake of liquid rdreshment. 10. Negative sentenccs should be practised by placing tid3k or ta', not, before the \'crb or its auxiliary. (Lesson 32.)
MADE
EASY
31
EXERCISE Where's the ticket, the train Mana teket,e kl!reta api ada is moving? jalan? The Sikh watchman is asleep Benggali,l orang jaga2 itu, in the daytime. ada tidor siang. Saya ada pakai bajll. I am putting on my coat. The clerk is sitting writing. Kerani ada dudok lulis. The little boy is in charge Budak kechil ada jaga of the punkah. pangkah. The baby is awake, get Anak k~hil ada jaga,2 siap3 ready its food. dia punya makan. Those Pathans (Cabool) are .orang Kabul l itu ada makan busy o eating beef. daging lembu ..f This Chinese mason is carry- Tukang baluli China ini ada ing someo pork. bawa daging babi. 4 Kawan kita tengah siap sope Our friend is getting ready daging kambing:' the mutton broth (soup). The bullock-carts are on Kcrcta lembu ada jalan pi!rgi>l pasar ikan Alar their way to O the Alor Setaro Star fish market. That child of yours is in Budak engkau itu Mngah1 makan sa-tengah dozen e the middle of eating half kueh. a dozen cakes. Their cook is occupied in Dia orang pwtya kuki e tengah1 pukul puteh telor8 beating up the white of ini jam. egg at the moment. The syce's wife is eating Bini sais ada makan nasi9 jam ini. her meal just now. Mistress is using the car- Mem ada pakai. kereta petang ini. riage this afternoon. Benggali Islam l itu ada10 The Punjabi Mohammedan pakai seluar puteh. is wearing white trousers.
32
M A LAY
MAD E
E AS Y
MALAY
LESSON 16 The Verb ada, to be. The verb 'to be' when used simply as a copula or link is omitted in Malay. When the verb 'to be' expresses a man's vocation it is replaced by the word k&ja, to work as. Ada, to be, asserts presence or existence and takes the place of there is, or there are, in English. .
VOCABULARY good, well clever, skilled stupid, foolish right, correct, straight wrong, clTor
baik pandaio bodoh
b
a father a mother an elder brother a younger brother sister an elder sister
~~a abang 0<
adek kakak
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. 2. k3pai, 3.
83ik, nice, pleasant, all right. Enak (I.). delicious. Bawa, to drive, to steer. Bawa kereta, to drive a cart. Bawa to steer a ship. Bawa motokar, to drive a car. Hnlu or ulu, headwa ters, up
MADE
E ASY
33
EXERC ISE
My father is clever. His mother is good. The young arc foolish. This road is correct. Your work is wrong. My mother is a Siamese woman. What is this? Bacon, Sir. Her younger brother is a bullock-cart driver. What is this place called? Kampong Ulu. There is one long diningroom. There are two baths. TIie Australian's younger sister is tall. What is there to eat? Ham. H is younger brother works as a blacksmith. Ito is cold to-day, Serang. Who is there? The host's elder sister is here, . Why is ito ""fong, Penghulu? Where is my napkin? Here itO is (this is itO). This Sikh's (Bhai's) elder brother is a clerk. What are you, Kang (to a Javanese)? I'm12 a groom.
Bapa saya pandai. D ia punya male baik 1• Orang muda bodoh. Jalan ini bf]tul. K~a bgkau salah. Saya punya male pi!rOOlpuan Siam. Apa ini? Bekin,e Tuan. Adck dia bawa kheta2 Mmbu. Apa nama tbnpat ini? Kampong Ulu. 3 Ada t satu bilek makan panjang, Ada 4 dun. tempat mandi.' Adek p&'empuan' orang Ostralia itu tinggi. Apa adaf makan? Hem. e Adek jnntan8 diu kt!rja tukang b6si. St!jok7 hari ini, Sb'ang.' Siapa ada?4 Tuan rumah8 punya kakak adUL Apa sllbab' salah, Pt!ngh ulu?lO Mana saya punya nepkine? lni ada.? Bai ll ini punya abang kt!rja k~ani.
Apa kt!rja, Kang?ll Kb'ja sais kuda.
34
MA L A Y
M AD E
M A LAY ,M ADE
EAS Y
The Verb ada, to have. When the verb 'to h ave' denotes possession it is rendered into Malay colloquially by the verb ada. VOCABULARY
Urusi meja barang almari lachi
an illness, painf ul, to be ill , to hurt sakit kcpala a head perut stomach tangan a hand, forearm an eye mata
•
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Klrusi p3niang (or malas), a long chair, M alas, i:lzy. 2. Europeans may address e1derly Malays in such terms as \\,a', g3ffer, but ka' or dck, sister, is more fam iliar. 3. En jin, any engine or piece of machinery, a mill or factory. Meshin, any machine or mechanical contTllption sucn as a sewingmachine, a lawn-mower or a mangle. In Indonesia masin (D.), a machine, an engine. Pabcrik (D.), a factory. J\.'lasin t Eroong, an aeroplane. Tllrbang, to R>\ i . Bapa' is often shortened to the homely pa', pa . 5. Sakit, to have a pain or illness, to be suffering from or with; when used in conjunction with a term for any {Xlrt o'f the body it denotcs an ache or ailment in that member. Sakit pfrut, a stomachache. Sakit mata, an eye complaint. 6. O r1111g sakit, a sick person, a patient. Kllreta omng sakit, an ambulance. Rumah sakit, a hospital. 7. The verb 'to have' when denoting the possession of qualities or d isabilities is often omitted . 8. Or simpang, cross-roads. Simpang ampat, four ways. Simpang tiga, a junction whence three roads diverge. 9. BEtul, to be rigllt, to be in order, ' that's so', 'quite right'. B' nar, true, really, to permit. 10. 'Are t here?' and so colloquially, 'have you?' Klrusi saya ada dua, m y chairs are two, or r have two chairs. 1L Barnng, wares. Barang mas, jewellery. Mas, gold.
35
EXERCISE
L ESSON 17
a chair a table a thing, goods, belongings a cupboard a drawer
EAS Y
"
.. ','
'. •
I possess two rattan long chairs, old man. We have a broad dining• table, sister (elder). H ow many chairs have you, sister (younger)? Three. H is almeirah (wardrobe) has one drawer. This Pahang train has two engines, brother (elder). Who has any· money? Give him a tip (present). This hand machine belongs to them, sister (younger). H ow many children has Father Haji got, mother? Go and call a doctor; I have a stomach-ache. The patient, a Chinese women, has one eye. The hospital has nurses and" it h as an ambulance, Sempang Ampat has a large, new hospital. It is correct, Ja'afar h as a pain in the head , father. What kind of goods have you got"? Iron ware. Where is your luggage, friend (to a Chinese)? I have it," brother.
M.M.E.- 4
Saya ada dua kl!rusi rotan panjang,l Wa'':l Kita ada satu m~ja rnakan lebar. kakak (or ka'2). Engkau ada b~apa kerusi.. adek (or dck2)? Tiga. D ia pWlya almari (or lemari} ada sam lachi. Kercta api Pahang ini ada dua enjin, S abang. Siapa ada wang? Kasi dia duit kopi (pCrscn e ). Meshinl tangan 1m dia orang pWlya, adek. Berapa Pa'4 Haji p Wlya anak, mak? Pcrgi panggil T uan doktor
36
M A LAY
MADE
EAS Y
MALAY
L ESSON 18
VOCABUL.>\RY
arrive, to reach sampai read bacha meet Jwnpa Jose, disappear hUang look, to see tengok e
EASY
37
EXERC ISE
The Verb: Past Tense. The past tense is shown by the context or by the employment of adverbs and words denoting past time. The past continuous or imperfect tense is formed by the use of the. verb ada, to' be, C?f t~ngah, to be engaged in, together with a word expresSIng past time. to to to to to
MADE
a knife a fork a spoon a towel soap
.,
pisau garpu scndok tuaJa e sabun
NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Tuala mandi, a bath·towel. Tu..ala tal\81Ill, a hand· loweL Anduk ID·l' a towel, replaces tuala in Indonesia. . Lihat, to see, to J~k, replaces tengok, to look at, in IndOllesia. Na mpak, to sec, to n o ll(.'C, to appear, to be visible. 3. Ada, there \\'3S, there we re, depending on the context t. Ker~bi sewa. a, h i rc>Ca rri~ge . Kereta )lakai (or seooiri, oneself. I.), a carnage for one sown prlv.lte usc. In Indonesia sado a pony cart. from dos-a-dos, back-to-bad; W"ndi, a gig. a bandy. ' 5. K.!"li~, a ~am il. . -nlC name is derived from thc once famolU stat,e of Kahnga, m Onssa Province, whose merchants, trading in the ~ o(hes, w(Ore known as Kalingas or K1ings_ In Penang the tenn Klling lS reserved for Mollamn\cdan Tamils h om Madras Ollce known as C~ll1lias , the. no n-Moslem Tamils and Tc]lIgn$ being termed orang Hmdn, a Hmdu. In Singapore, the foml er 3re called Klli ng lsL1m and the latter Ke1ing Hindu. . 6. Enchek, or Che', Inche, in Malaya a title of respect which can eIther be used alone or in conjunction with proper Malay names to mcan Mr., Mrs. or ~"iss, Che' gu, teacher. l\h' a lady teacher. 7. Ada, to be, 1$ sometimes used loosely in the colloquial to denotc the pa~t tense. S lIda~ datang, has come. 8. The object of a "crb 1$ omitted if it is obvious. 9. Or sud'!, a s~~ n . Chamcha, a teaspoon in Penang. 10 ..M.!"nten. a . mlllIster of state. The Mentri Besar is the chief t'XcculJVe officer III a Malay State.
e".
•
The letters came b yo the nine o'clock post yesterday morning, Nana. The Selangor Club bathtowels disappeared then. I met my friend , the lawyer, last night, Mamak (uncle). Look at this letter! Why did he write, Mami (aunt)? How were the forks lost? There were hyelve. Who told the hackney carriage to go home? The T amil labourers arrived at six p.m. that day. Who saw ~'fcrica n strike that old man? Achi (sister). Mistress gave me soap the day before yesterday. Who went to meet the day train? Some Hindus. At mid-day I saw the knives were there, Sir. Miriam's head was aching on that occasion (day). At that time our teacher was reading a letter. The head teacher's private carriage is here. T he school ma'am saw it.s Who was using this spoon yesterday eve ni n~? One of the Mentri Bcsar s people.
Surat sampai pos" pukul s~mbil a.n kMmarin pagi, Nana. Tunla mandP kt'!lab e S~lan gor hHang jam itu. Saya jumpa kawan saya, loyare, sa-malam, Mamak. Tengok 2 surat ' ini! K~napa diu tulis, Mami? Macham mana garpu itu hHang? Ada 3 dua-bMos. Siapa suroh k~retu sewa 4 pulang? Kuli K~ ling> sampai puleul anam pt'!tang hari itu. Siapa tengok Marikan pukul orang tua itu? Achi. Mem kasi saya sabun kt'! lmarm dulu. Siapa pbgi jumpa kt'! reta api siang? Orang Hmdu.5 T t'! ngnh hari saya nampak2 pisau ada,' Enchek.CI Kt'!pala Che' Mhiam ada sakit hari itu. Jam itu Che' gun kitn ada tt'!ngah b acha surat. K&'cta pakai 4 guru ~sar ada l datang. Ma' gulJ tengok. Siapa ada pakai scndok\l ini kt'! lmnrin malam? OrlUlg McntCri Besar.10
38
MA L A Y
MADE
MALAY
EASY
The carpenter has made the bathing pagar steps. When were the windows opened, Awang? The watchman closed the doors last night. I have stopped working there, Ahmad (Amat). That person has given up drinking, Mohammed. Her father has returned toO the Malay States. Why was the house closed the day before yesterday? His elder brother has come to do some work. The Governor's carriage has arrived. 1 have learnt to speak Malay. The baby was asleep ate eight o'clock. Yesterday she drew a sketch of a person standing up. Why has he got ready the koleh ate this hour? Who has opened this box? The Chinteng. I (Mat) have spent ten cents.
The perfect and also the past tense are expressed by the use of the auxiliary verb sudah, finished, done, over. VOCABULARY
,0
buat buka tutup
berdiri b~rhimti
a picture, a photo a door a ladder, stairs a window ground, earth
EASY
39
EXERCISE
LESSON 19 The Verb: Perfect Tense.
to do, to make , open ·to close, a cover to stand up to stop
MADE
gambar pintu tangga joodela tanah
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Pagar maudi, a bathing enclosure, a 'pagar'. 2. Awang or Mas (I.), 'John' is used to hail a young stranger unceremoniously. Malays 3rc called by their personal names, which, when followed by bin, SOil of, or binti, daughter of, plus the male parent's name give the full name. 111crc being no surnames. a woman's name does not change on marriage. Abbreviated !lames in which only the final syllable is used are common, i.e. Muhammad becomes Mnt. 3. BlfTheUti, to leave off, to ccnse. The root {onn is hllnti, to stop, wbence be'rhllnti, to come to a stop. From diri, erect, is derived Wrdiri, to be standing. (Lesson SO, Para. 3.) Berjalall, to walk. Bercbakap, to talk, etc. 4. Taoah Me1ayu, Malay lands, the Federation of Malaya, as opposed to the Colony. T anah MeIaka (I.), Malaya. 5. Tuan GubenlOf, tIle Governor. Rum ah Tuan Gube'mor, Gov-cmment House. Toan ResideD, the Resident. English official titles are in general usc. Presiden (D.), a President, in Indonesia. 6. Tulis, to write, is also used for to draw. 7. Or apa boat, what's doing or to d07 which is shortened in the l<edah dialect, spoken in Penang, to awat, why? 8. Kolek, a canoe for paddling or sailing. Perohu, a fishing boat, a Malay sailing ship. Sekochi (I.), a ship's boat. 9. Chioteng, a Chinese term for a Revenue Officer. 10. Children often usc their name instead of '1'. II . Slldah is 'frequently controcted to 'dab by Malays.
"
,
Tukang kayu sudah buat tangga pagar mandi. 1 Bila jend~l a sudah bub, Awang?2 Orang jaga sudah tutup pintu sa-malam. Saya sudnh b~hcntj3 kcrja tempat itu, Amat (Mat).2 Orang itu sudah bcrhentP minum, Muhammad. Bapa din sudah pulang Tanah M{)lJ\yu.4 Apa schab rumah sudah tutup kclmarin dulu? Abang dia sudnh datang buat kerja. Kcreta Tuan GuhcmorS sudah sampai. Saya sudah helajar chakap Mclayu. Anak k&!hil sudah tidor pukul dclapan. Kclmarin dia sudah tulis 6 gambar satu orang berdiri. Buat apa 7 dia sudah siap kolek s jam ini? Siapa sudah huka pl!iti ini? Chinteng.9 MallO 'dah u bclanja sapuloh sen,
40
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
LESSON 20 The Verb sudah, to finish.
VOCABULARY
say, to tell bilang a plate cook masak a bowl, a dish, cut potong a cup light, to fire, to fix, a saucer to set in order pasang cloth to forget lupa paper
I
pinggan" mangkok piring kain kcrtas
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Sudahl Enougb! Sufficientl is used as a command to cease any course of action. As a rejoinder it denotes that action has been taken. Sampc (L), enough, to suffice. Z. Tukaug masak, a cook, a chef. Masak, ripe (of fruit), 3. Datok (Dato' or To'), a grandfather, an honorific employed towards elderly people, a commoner chief, an idol. 4. Belanja rumah, an advance for household expenses. 5, Malan tengah hari, the midday meal, lunch, tiffin. Makan malam, dinner, supper. Makan pagi, breakfast. 6. Api is used of any lilS:ht. Api gas, gas. Lampu, a lamp. 7. Or kab, to say. Bilang or kim, to count. 8. Sarong, a waist·cloth, the Malay national dress worn by both men and women and often called kaiD, cloth, only. Pakai kain, to wear a sarong. Kaill baju, a sarong and coat, clothes. PakaiaD, clothes (Lesson 49). Kain sarong, a sarong. 9. Only the simple tenses are found in Malay, the others being tra.nslated by indirect methods. nlcre is no pluperfect, the clue bemg found in thc context or in an adverb of time. 10. PeU W-si, an iron box, a s.lfe. Peti wang, a cash-box. 11. Shahballdar, (lit.) port king, 'a harbour-master. Bandar, a seaport, a town. 11. Jawi Pekan, a name applied to the descendants of Mohammedan Tamils WllO have inter-married with Malays, and are numerous ill Pcnang. Pekan, a mart, a town. Kob, a fort, a town (1.). 13. In Indonesia piling, a plate, a saucer, replaces pinqan.
EASY
41
EXERCISE
"
Sudah may be employed as a verb meaning to complete, and in conjunction with the verb habis, used up, finished off, to signify 'quite finished'. to to to to
MADE
,.
That's enoughl Stop, Dadl It's after siX o'clock. Boy, bring two tea-cups. It is done, Sir. Tell the cook to get dinner ready now. I've done so. Kichi, set the old tablecloth to-night. That's all. I forgot to say that" the writing-paper was used up yesterday, Data. Cook says that" the money for household expenses is exhausted, Madam. Two plates of cakes were finished off last night, Puteh. How was that? I have finished chopping up the firewood, grandad. We had fish for lunch yesterday, at midday. The electric lights are lit aUC round Johore Bahru. He says that an aged man brought some Pulikat (cotton-print) sarongs. This place is cold. I have had the fire lit (called a person to light the fire). The little children had finished supper by then. The Harbour-master's office safe is ready. Fix it up. The Jawi Pekan clerk has counted the saucers. O
SudahlJ Bl!rhl!nti-lah, Pa'l Sudah pukuI anam I~beh. Boy, bawa dua mangkok teh. Sudaht, Tuan. Suroh tukang masak~ siap makan ini jam. Sudah. 1 K~chi', pasang kain meja lama malam ini. Sudahlab. Saya sudah lupa bHang kl!rtas tulis habis kcJmarin, Dato'.s Tukang masak bilang duit bclanja4 rumah sudah habis, MOOt. Dua pinggan kueh habis samalam, Puteh (Teh). Macham mana itu? Saya sudah habis potong kayu api, To'.'I Kita sudah makan ikan toogah harP sa-malam. Apj6 lektrik sudah pasang kl!liling Johor Barn. Dia bilang1 orang 'dah tua bawa datang sarongs (or kain) P~lekat. Tempat tnt sl!jok. Saya sudah panggiI orang pasang api.' Budak ktkhil sudah habis makan malam~ itu jam.9 p~ti b~silO opise shahbandar 11 sudah. Pasang-Iah. K&-ani Jawi P~kan1 2 sudah habis biIang1 piring.18
42
MA L AY
l\'I ADE
EASY "
LESSON 21 The future is commonly formed by the use of the auxiliary verb nanti, to wait, await, shall or will. It may also be indicated by the presence of a word denoting futurity. VOCABULARY
go out return, back come in answer, a reply
to pay
ki!:luar balek masok jawab bayar
kebun a garden g~reja a church wayang a theatre, show a cooking-place. a stove, a kitch en dapor gudang a store, a shop
,,•
.,
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Gudang, a godown, a storeroom, a wareh ouse, a European store or shop. G&long, a stone building. In Indonesia tOKa, a storc, shop; sepen (D. ), a pantry. 2. Wayang or komedi (D.), any theatrical SlIOW. \Vayang kuda. · a circus. \ Vayang gambar (or gflap, dark) or hioskop (D.), a cinema, a bioscopc. Baugsawa n, the ,Malay op<:ra. 3. Bajn t utup, a button·up tunic coat. Jas (D.), a coat. 4. Kedai (or nunah, I.) maka n, an eating·house. a restaurant. also kedai nasi, a Mohammedan restauran t. 5. TIle Hylams or Hainanese are a Chinese race from the island of Hainan who seek ' employment in Mala),a as cooks, servants, and ' keepers of coffee-shops and restaurants. 6. Orang Makau, a Cantonese. as the first arrivals came from the Portuguese colony of Macao, in K",,'angtung. 7. Masok kelja, to enter on the du ties of. 8. Nanti, presently, shortly, often begins or ends a sentence. especially in Indonesia. It is not usoo negatively in the fnture. Nanti malam (I.), this evening. Na nti saya ooyar, waitl I'll pay. 9. T uka ug kebun, a gardener. 1 be Kebnn, as he is called for . short by Europeans, is usually a Javanese or a Tamil. 10. Akm, about to, 511all, will. often takes the place of an auxiliary to fonn the future tense. Ta'akan, it can't be. I L Or halas, to requite, to repay, to reply to a letter. l Z. Kedai or mmah (1.), chaudu, an opium saloon. Chandu, prepared opium, was a Government monopoly in Malaya, at one time.
MA D E
EASY
43
EXERCISE
The Verb: Future Tense.
to to to to
MA L AY
!
J ,
'.
He will return at one o'clock, Inche. To-morrow, Sunday, we shall go to church. The ship will come in at six this afternoon. When will the stores close, Majid? TO-night the new K.L. theatrical company will perform. The cinema will be over at eleven. Get ready my tunic-coat, I shall go out 'for a walk. Who is going to look after the restaurant? A Hylam is going to open a coffee-shop. This Cantonese woman is going to take up work as amah to-morrow. L ater on this afternoon they are going to play Rugby football, Osman. In due course, I will pay the gardener's wages. Daud, you are to use the syce's kitchen b y and by. In time, the head-teacher will reply to your letter. The proprietor of this eating-house is going to use an old chandu-shop.
Dia nanti balck pukul satu, Enchek, Besok. hari minggu, kita (nanti) pergi gercja. Kapal nanti masok pukul anam pCtaug ini. Bila gudang 1 nanti tutup, Majid? Malam jui wayang2 baru Kuala Lumpur (K.L.) uanti main. Wayang gambar 2 nanti habis pukul sa-MIas. Sial) baju tutupS saya nanti keluar lX!rjalan. Siapa nanti. jaga kMai nasi4 ito? Sato Ha ilam~ nanti buka kCdai kopi, Per~ mp u an Makau 6 Illl nanti masok kerju7 amah bcsok. Nanti.8 pHang ini dia orang main bola ragbi e, Osman (Man). Nanti 8 saya bayar gaji tukang kebun.!l D aud pakai dapor sais nanti.8 Nanti 8 guru bcsar akan 10 jawab 11 surat engkau. Tunn ki!dai makan 4 1m nanti pakai satu kMai chandul2 lama.
44
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
The Future Tense formed by the verb mao (or maim) to want. The future is also frequently formed by the use of the verb mall, to want, to wish to, to propose to, will.
to follow to lock, a to replace, lute
to ask fo r to help
EASY
45
EXERCISE
LESSON 22
VOCABULARY ikutO right key kunchi left a suhsti. fine, excellent ganti short minta pretty tolong
MADE
kanan kid bagus pendek chantek
NOTES ON EXERCISE L JUmpa, to encounter, come across. Blrj umpa, to meet. 2. Balek, to return to. Case may he determined from the context as well as by the use of prepositions. S alek, reversal, to turn. Halek kanan, to turn to the right. Salek, back of. Balek pintu. behi nd the door. 3. Sekoiah, a school. Gambar, a figure, an image. Slko13h ga mbar, a school for stuffed specimens, a museum. 4. Glreja blsar, a big church, a cathedral. In Malara a Roman Catholic Church is called G6reja P6ranchis, the French, or Gl"reja SErum, the Eurasian Church, as so many of them are Catholics, but in Indonesia GEreja Romsh, 5. H Endak, to wan t, desire, a wish, an intention, is also used for 'will' to form the future and abbreviated to 'nak. 6. Minta, to ask for. It has the force of ' Please' when prefacing a request and is oftcli used' in the place of bawa, for 'bring me' or 'give me'. T olong, to assist, is similarly used for please, e.g. tolong tutup pintu, please shut the door. There is no equivalent of please except sib, be pleased to. 7. T~mpat dudok, a place to sit, a seat, an address. 8. Makan bEsar, a big feed, a feast. a dinner party. 9 . Mau, are to, requi red to, must. Suka mau, wa nt to. In some constructions mau stands for 'to' only. 10. Makan kEchil, a savoury, hors·d'oeuvre, little eats. I I. The Ceylonese in Malaya consist of some Cingalcsc (Sinllalese) merchants and numbers of Jaffna Tamils 'from north·east Ceylon in ra ilway or clerical employ. 12. Or elok, beautiful, handsome. Elok·lab, that's fine.
'What do you want? I want to ask for work. W e wa{}t to see the short gentleman. To-morrow I shall return toll Macassar, Bo·sun. \Vhere are the keys? I mean to lock the box. To 0 the right, Syce. They want to go to the Museum. Follow the road on the left; we wish to see the cathedral. Very well, Sir. Who is going to take the . Magistrate's place? The old District Officer (D.O.) Pekan will act as a substitute. Please help me. I want to reply to this letter. Bring a seat, these people intend to sit down. E ight people are coming to the dinner party to-night, Ramasamy (I'amil). You are to prepare someo nice savouries, cook. I want to reckon up h ow many napkins there are. He proposes to cut our wages byo a dollar. She wants to look at this pretty Ceylon stone.
Apa mau? Saya mau minta kerja. Kita mall jumpa 1 Tuan pendck. Besok saya mall balekll Mekasar, Wa' serang. Mana klUlChi? Saya mall kunchi peti. Kanan!! sais. Dia orang mau pergi sekolah gambar.' lkut jalan kiri: kita mau tengok gereja besar.4 Baik, Tuan. Siapa hCndakt'i ganti Tuan Majistrete? Tuan Distrike Opsire (D.O.) Pekan lama mau ket'ja ganti. Minta tolong. 6 Saya mau balas surat ini Minta 6 tempat dudok, 1 orang ini mau dudok. Delapan orang mall datang makan besa.r8 ini malam, Ramasamy, Kuki mau(/ siap makan kechil iO hagus. Saya mall kira berapa tuala tangan (nepkine) ada. Dia mall potong gaji. kila sa-ringgit. Dia suka mau G tengok batu selon I I chanteklZ ini.
46
MALAY
MADE
EASY
LESSON 23 Do, Does, Did. The auxiliary verb do, does, did, is not rendered into Malay when preceded by an interrogative or when forming part of a negative sentence. (Lesson 32.) When used emphatically it can be translated by the verb ada, to be. VOCABULARY to buy beli to deposit, to put 'aroh to sell jual to raise, to lift, to to know tahu remove angkat to take, to fetch ambil to borrow pinjam to search, to look for chari to clean, to wash chuchi to receive terima NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Apa macham, what sort? in what way? how? Also 'How are things?' or 'What the dickens!' 'What's this!' 2. Tengku, a prince or princess. Tengku ampuan, a queen consort. Engku, a title of one of royal blood. Tuanku, your t..fajesty, a ruling sovereign. 'ku, your highness; yes, sire. Sultan, a sultan. Rijen (E.}, a Regent. Radin (I. ), a prince; Pangernn, a noble. 3. Or gubi, to curry. Kari nasi, curry and rice. Rijstbfel,:I Dutch. I\hlay curry meal. Komia, a rich, spiced meat stew, usually of mutton. 4. TeJo( barn, new·laid or fresh eggs. Bam, fresh. 5. SlIciah, to be finished, is used in the sense of past, ago. Mingg u sudah, the past week. Tahun sudah, last year. 6. Ambil, or an\bek, to take, to remove, to get. \\!hen the object is not already in the hands it is usual to add ambil or angkat, Ambit ini bawa plrgi. here, take tllis away. Angkat ini bawa masok, pick this up and take it in. 7. A word may be stressed vocally or by placing it first in a sentencc, as that is the empllatic position in a Malay clause. Bosar (·bll) (umah itll. Big, indeed, is tllat house. S. Or Mongerfi, to understand, from ern, meaning. 9. Angkat, to lift up, to take away, to bring in, to adopt. 10. Shekh, a Sheikh, a tcrm of respect ,for leading Arabs other tha n Syeds. Shekh haji, a pilgrim broker. 11. Or tinggal, to live, to stay, to remain, to be left over. 12. Ada, is it a fact that, is employed colloquially for 'do' in questions. Ada or sudah, I did, I have. 13. Klropok, a IVa'fer of prawns or fish. Kcropok udang, a prawn crisp. Udang, a prawn .
?o.'IALAY
MADE
EASY
47
EXERCISE
How does one (is one to) cook this, Tengku? Why do . you want to know? It's a Malay curry. Where did Engku put the keys? Who knowsl How many fresh eggs did you buy last week, Ah Heng? (a Chinese). Which land did you sell yesterday? How does he know your house, Sir? What do you want? I wallt to borrow money. What, has someone cleaned this? The coolie did. Who went to fetch the young lady's slippers last night? Sulong did. H e does eat mustard. Do yOll understand? I did look for the lost stocking at that time. Why did you take the rice plates away, Hamid? In ~ what year did you return to Labuan, Mydin? Where do you reside, (Sir) Sheikh? Acheen. Did your Majesty receive the kropok? I did.
Apa macham I mau masak ini, Tengku?2 Apa pasal mau tabu? Ini: karP Melayu. Mana Engku~ taroh kWlchi? Siapa tahu! Berapa telor ayum baru" lu beli minggu sudah,~ All. Heng? Tanah mana fngkau sudah. jual kelmarin? Macham mana dia tabu Tuan punya nunah? Apa mall? Saya mau pinjam wang, Apa, ada orang sudah chuchi ini? Kuli ada. Siapa ada pCrgi ambito}' sflipar& l\lisi sa-malam?' Sulong ada. Ada1 dia (or din ada) makan m&tad&. TabuS? Ada1 saya chad sctokingf!" hHang tempoh itu. Apa sebab Hamid sudah angkat9 pinggan nasi? Tahun apa Maidin balek Labuan? Mana To' Shekhlo punya tbnpat dudokl l ? Acheh. Tuanku 2 tcrima Ada12 ki!ropok?13 Ada. ' 2
48
l\'IAL A Y
l\'IADE
MALAY
EAS Y
LESSON 24 Interrogation. The interrogative particle kah. used as a suffix to the emphatic word in a clause, implies n question, but no inversion is necessary to express a query. In conversation kah is usually omitted as the tone of the voice with its rising inflection and questioning emphasis on tho requisite word is sufficient. VOCABULARY
Ito
to sew jahit faU to mix champor to Keep, to store to ' sweep, to wipe. to throwaway, to get to smear sapu rid of lari to break in bits to run to hear, to l isten dcngar release, to let go, to quit, free
I
Ito
jatoh 5impan
huang polchoh It!pas
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. tApas, to be loose, to escape, aftel . Kllda Ifp3S, a loose or a runawa y horse. tApas sa·bubn, after a month. 2. Kf lllej:a mab m (or keras), 11 still dress--shirt. Klr:a$, hard, stiff, tough, strong (of Ie:! ill drink), severe (of illness). 3. Tubng jahit or t ukang pakean (I.), a tailor.. O*rji, an Indi3.n tailor, a d urzce. Meshin jabit, a sewing-machine. 4. In Indonesia apa, what, is often used at the beginning of an interrogative clause to denote a query. Apa chllana pendek $udah sldia, are the shorts rcady? 5, Pukui (or ambit) g.'llllim, to tlke a photo. Pukul is used idio· matically in Malaya. Pukul talipun, to telephone. 6. Kah is nCl'er used if it im pairs the b:Jlance of a senteucc. It llIay be omitted from all tI le instances given whether in brackets or not and is seldom used ill Indonesia . 7. Simp;Ill, to store up, to hoord. to put by, to pack. S, Keris, a kris, a dagger, the Malay national weapon, whieh normally has a characteristic \\~vy edge, 9. Salah. wrong, amiss, takes the I)lace of the English prcfix 'mis', Salah pukul, to mis_hit. Snap, a mistake. 10, Patah, to break in m·o. Putus, to break (as thread ). 11. T he rele,~n t word is often rcpeated in ans ...."CIS.
MADE
EAS Y
49
EXERCISE
What did he say? Is that bull loose? What's that! H as the post. . man fallen on the steps? Have they run off home? That's fin e! Has the collar for the dress-shirt been washed? Has the tailor got the shorts ready? They are ready, Sir, What, does he intend to sweep ou t the bedroom? Ha\'e you thrown away the bath water, Siti? Drive on, Syce! When do we reach the iron jetty? Who is clever at taking children's photographs? Is dinner ready, Boy? It's ready. Bring it in , Ts that the main Post Office? Right, thafs it. Did you (polite) hear them take away the wardrobe (Mr.) O mar? ' What on " earth · arc you putting away? A krisl Do you realise, Minah, this has been mixed all wrong? r know, Miss. . H as Inche heard that" the bowl is broken? I've heard it.
Apa dia bilang? Limbu jan. tan itu I~pasl (-kah)? Apa itu! Orang bllwa pos jntoh tangga (-kah)? D in orang sudah lari pulang (·kah)? Bagus! Kolart' k ~meja malam:! sudah chuchi (-kah)? Tukang jallit3 sudah sMia 4 stlunr pendck (.kah)? Sudnh sIMia, Tunn. Apa,4 dia mau sapu bUck tt!mpat tidor (-kah)? Ayer mnndi. sudah huang (.kah)? Siti. (1) Jalnn, sais! Bila-kah kila mau sampai jetill ~si? Siapa-kah pnndai pukul gambatl budak? Makan siapG, Boy? Sudah siap. Angkat-Iah. Itu-kah pas opisll M:sar? Bt!tul, itu dia. Ada-kah awak d~n g ar dia orang angkat almari Che' Omnr? ' Engkau b!ngah simpan1 apa-kah? K~ris3 1 Minah (fI tahu-kah ini sudah salah' champor? Sara tahu, Misi. Chc' ada dt!ngar.kah mang· kole sudah ptthah IO? Ada dcngar. 11
,,
50
MALAY MALAY
?I.'I ADE
EAS Y
The Creation of Transitive from Intransitive Verbs. Colloquially an intransitive verb can be given a transitive meaning by prefixing the verb kasi, to give.
mosquito-net mattress cushion, a pillow blanket Bag
VOCABULARY keiambu a bird tilam" a dog banta! a cat sclimut an animal b~ndera a duck
EAS Y
51
EXERCISE
LESSON 25
a a a a a
M ADE
bw-ong anjing kuching
binatang itckO
NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Kasi, to give, is used in Singapore and Indonesia, but b:a"i, to .. give, ill I'enang. Blri, to give. fUri tallu, to tell. 2. Kasi jatoh or bagi jalolI, to let fall, to drop, from jaloli, to fall. Kasi klluar, to gct out, to give out, to put out, to turn out, from 'k liwT, to go out. (Lesson 50, Para. 6.) 3. Kas.i baldi:, to give ood::. from balek, to go back. Kasi kembali, to gi\'e back, in Indonesia, from kfmbali, to rcturn. Kas.i pubmg, to return to the orieinal owners, from pulang, to return to one's starting point. 4. SIflimut,. a coverlet, a rug. KaiD tlmpat tidor or ehadar, a sheet. I n Indonesia slplrai (D.), a bedspread, a sheet. 5. Kasi klchil, to reduce in size, from klehil, small. 6. Kasi pallas, to heat up, from panas, h ot. 7. Kasi mab n, to feed, from malan, to eat. 8. Kasi masok, to let in, 'f ronl masok, to come in. 9. Kasi tengok, to show, from tcngok, to see. 10. Kasi tallll, to tell, to inform, from b hu, to know. 11 . Or guling (I.), a bolster, from guling, to roll . 12. Kasi heM, to mend, to put right, from hetul, correct. 1 3. Bag i dua, to halve. Bagi tiga, to divide in th ree, etc. Bahagi, t o apportion, to divide, is pronounced bagi. Ii. Kasi malldi, to bath, from ma ndi, to bathe. 15. Anggor or ayer anggor, wine. Buah anggor, grnpes. 16. Kasi pinjam, to lend, from pinjam, to borrow. 17. Or kabu·k.:Ibu, tree·cotton, which is extremely buoyant.
,,
Drop the mosquito-net at night. My mistake. Cet out a Turkish Rag; I wish to sec it. Cive back the two pillows the day after to-morrow. The washerman has returned the sheets. Bring the new tablecloth, Hussein; I want to make it smaller. Warm up the duck; we will have it forO lunch. The gardener ~ fed. the animals. Excellent! Who let the cat in? The ayah did Show me that pretty bird, Timah (Fatimah). H e wants to tell you that O the Dutch wife has arrived. That's good! Your wrist-watch is wrong. Put it right. Take' this money and divide it in two. Sign your name. The Tukang Ayer is 10 bath the dog to-day. Put in someo ice and cool this bottle of wine. Lend me ' a kapok mattress in place of this one.
J,f .1ro!.E.- )
Kasi l jatoh2 kl!lambu malam hari. Saya punya silap. Kasi k~luar2 b~ndera Turki saya mau Jibat. Kasi balek3 dua banta! itu lusa. Dobi sudah leasi pulang' kain sl!limut.4. Bawa kain meja bru"U, Husainj saya mau kasis kOchil. Kasi panas8 itck j kita makan tcngah baei. Tukang kl!bun sudah kasi makan T binatang. Bagus! Siapa ada kasi masoks lruching? Ayah ado. Kasi tcngok 9 burong chantek itu, Timah er ) (Mah). Dia mau kasi tahu lO bantal panjangll sudah sampai. Baile! Jam langan l!ngkau salah. Kasi bl!tuJ.l2 Amha duit ini hagi dua.18 Kasi saine nama. Tuk:mg ayer mall kasi mandP4 anjing hari ini. Taroh aise kasi sejok bolol anggorH• ini. Kasi pinjam\6 tilm.n kapokl1 ganti ini.
52
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
The Verb bikin, to make. In kitchen Malay the Verb boon, to make, is also used to give a transitive meaning to certain intransitive verbs and to give a verbal form to various adjectives. VOCABULARY
wet
dry hright, clear
berseh kotor basalt kcring t~rang
dark, darkness easy, restful difficult, trouble bad, wicked tired
EASY
53
EXERCiSE
LESSON 26
clean dirty
MADE
g~Jap
scnang susah jahat pblat-
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Botb bikin and kasi supply the place of the English suffix 'cn'
which changes certain adjectives into their corresponding verbs. Bikin panjang, to make longer, to lengtllCn. Bikin si:Jp, to ge t ready. Bikin berseh, to make clean. Bikin chantek, to make beautifuL Bikin 'besar, to enlarge. 2. 'Make them clean', The pronoun is freq uently introduced between the auxiliary and the word which it governs. 3. W .. ng lelrtas, a banknote. Surat hutang. an I.O.U. 4. Bikin, or bllat (I.), for, for tlle purpose df, in order to. Sewa tluat satu jam (1.), the hire for one hour. 5. In this conte:1It 'too small' and 'too long'. 6. Baile, it were as well, it would be a good thing. 7. Ka5i blsar, to enlargc. Kasi klchil api, to tum down a light. 8. Bikin baile, to do a thing well. Bikin jallat, to do ill. Bikin portret (I.). to do a portrait, to take a picture. Bikin mati, to put out (as a light). Mati, dead, extinguished (of lamps). 9. Wan, a title denoting descent from a chie'f. 10. Mari, come on, let's. Ayo (I.), or jum (Penang), come along! 11. Tinggal.lah, stay put, an informal 'goodbye'. The word slbmat safe, replaces the English 'good' in such phrases as SElamat jabn' farcw.el!-to those departing, and Sllamat tinggai, Good·bye-to tho~ rCmammg. Stfumat. Good health I Sliamat tidor, Good.night, a European usage, 12. Saiyid. a Syed, a. title given to all reputed descendants of the Prophet, the ~omen being called Saripah, from Sharifah. noble lady. Syeds and HaJIS arc called Tuan by Malays and so arc Saripahs. 13. The Arabs in Malaya all come 'from the Hadhramaut.
Lengthen the dining table by" two feet. Boy, get the seats ready and" clean them. I intend to make this cushion look nice. Take five dollars in paper money for expenses on the way. Take away tlus fi sh for cooking into kedgeree. My elder sister makes cakes for sale. His coat is too small and " wants to be enlarged, This stick's too long and" needs to be shortened. Your garden is dirty; it were as well to clean it. The damp shirt has been dried out. The sittmg-room is dark; turn up the light and brighten it. The food is to be nicely done to-night. To do ill is easy: to do good is difficult, Wan. I am tired of doing work; come on, let's go home. Good-bye! ( I'm off.) Farewelll Tuan Syed, replied the Arab, putting out the light,
Bikin panjang1 meja makan dua kaki. Boy, bikin siap1 b~mpat dudok kasi dia2 bOrseh. 1 Saya mau bikin chantek1 bantal ini. Ambil wang kertas S lima ringgit bikin 4 b~lanja jalan. Bawa pergi ikan ini bikin4 masak kijri,e Saya punya kaleak masak kueh bikin4 jual. Baju dia k~hil,6 mau bikin bcsar. Kayu ini panjang,6 mau bikin pendek. K~bun engkau kotor; baik' bikin f*rseh, Kemeja basah itu sudah bikin kering. Bilek dudok ada gelap; kasl b~ar apF bikin terang. Makan mau boon baik3 ini malam. Bikin jahat8 sbtang: buat baik susah, WanD. Saya sudah penat bikin kerja; marpo kita pulang. Tinggalll _lah9 , Tuan Selamat jalanl1 ! SaiyidU , jawab orang Arab,Is bikin mati api.s
54
MALAY
MADE
EASY
LESSON 27 The Passive Voice. The passive voice can always he fanned by prefixing the particle di to a verb in its root form. In everyday speech, however, it is often expressed by using the verb k~na> to incur, to experience, placed before the verb. VOCABULARY to bite to seize, to catch, to arrest to drive away to shoot to be angry, anger
gigit
tangkap halau o tembak marah
to change, to alter, to exchange tukar to tie, to fasten ikat to restrain, to stop. to endure taban to tum, to revolve pusingo to steal churl
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Or di.gigit anjing. bitten by a dog. Di·marah, censured, etc. The subject of the sentence precedes the verb which is 'followed by a noun or pronoun denoting the agent by whom an act is done, the preposition 'by', however, being omitted but understood. The passive construction can often be avoided in conversation by employing the ac tive voice. Z. Kllpala, a headman, a leader. Kitua, an elder, a non-C
MALAY
MADE
EASY
55
EXERCISE
I was bitten by a dog last . month, Sharif. The labourers' foreman has incurred the boss's anger. People who o steal money will be arrested That animal has been tied up, Kassim. An escaped prisoner was caught to-day. The ship's captain had been transferred then. The bad-tempered dog has bcen driven away. Your carriage is being held up by the Police, Sir. This screw wants to be twisted round, Aziz. She is giddy, having been struck by a stone, In the middle of the night Yacob's coat was changed. Some government stuff was stolen by Kuala Kungsar folk last night. Our hedge has been eaten by cattle, Pawan. The little birds eating the paddy were shot at. We have been cheated by . the shopkeeper.
Saya kena gigit anjing1 bulan sudah, Sharif. .Kepala 2 orang kuli sudah kena marah Tuan dia. Orang churi duit nanti kena tangkap. Binatang ito sudah kbla ikat, Kasim. Orang salah 3 lari kens tangkap hari mi. Kaptane kapal sudah kena tukar 4 jam itu. Anjing iahat~ itu sudah kens halau. Kerela Tuan ada kena tahan polis.e Sekeru e ini man kena pusing, 6 Aziz. Dia sudah pusing kepala,6 kena pukul batu. T~ngah malam baju Yakub sudah kena tukar. 7 Barang Kom~ni8 di-churi oleh9 orang Kuala Kangsa sa-malam. Pagar kita sudah di-makan dek9 lembu, Pa'wan Anak burong10 twgah makan padill kena tembak. Kita sudah Una pusingl2 oJeh9 tuan kMai.
56
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
\
LESSON 28 The Verb kba, to incur.
The same verb k~a, to get, is used in conjunction with a number of words to form short phrases, when it always precedes the word it qualifies. Kl1na may also be used in combination with a verb to give the meaning of 'got to' or 'have to', 'must'. VOCABULARY
wind
rain smoke ru,t mud
angin hujan asap karat lumpor
lime, chalk
ink oil, grease paint wax, a cand1e
kapor dawat minyak chat lilin
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Apa Una, .what has happened or occurred? why? In the rc\'ersed form of kina apa, shortened to Unapa, it is a common word for why? what's wrong? Also mlngapa, why? Z. Anak, a child, in compound words sometimes descri bes the relationship of a component part to the whole. Anak tangga, a step, a rung. Anak kUIlChi, a key. Anak wayang, 311 actOr. Anak sfkolah, school children.
3. Or kapor. whiting. Sapu kapor, to whitewash. 4. Sapu chat, to paint (as a house). Kina sapu chat, painted, treated with paint. S~pu oornis, to varnish . 5. Or minyak tanah, crude petroleum. Minyak benzin, petrol. Minyak tn, tar. GI_noli.: (1.), grease, fat. 6. B~ba, a Straits·born Chinese man. Nyon)-ah, a Straits·born Chinese woman. Both are used as modes of address. The Straits·born OIinese, predominantl y Hokkien by descent. are a very progressive, welJ-educated community. 7. Or di·malcan brat. rust-eaten. Tahi hlsi, rust. Tahl, ordure, dregs, mucus. Tabi lImbu, cow ma nure. 8. The present participle 'ing' in English is eJ:pressed by the verb in its root form, e.g. pabi, using, but the genllld, when the subtect of a sentence, is sometimes distinguished by itu, that. Churl ito salah, stealing is wrong. 9. Bwns, to discard, to remove, to expel. to dismiss, to subtract. Tohk, to push, to subtract. 10. Tahi, an addict. Tahi minum, :\ drunkard. Kaki or tukang (I.).. a gOCId hand at. Kaki minmll, a great drinker. 11. Jatoh sakit, to fall ill. Kina sakit, to get sick.
MADE
EASY
57
EXERCISE
What's the matter? Have you lost your job? Why are these steps broken, Wa' (old man)? This writing room gets the afternoon sun (wannth). The prau met with a stiff breeze yesterday. These brushes will get wet with rain. That lamp chimney is black with smoke. Your white shirt is inkstained, Sir. The ann of his coat is dirty with whitewash. My trousers are splashed with mud. The kitchen table has got candlegrease on it. Wood that has been painted lasts a long time. You must go and fetch two tins of kerosene. Baba, you will have to pay the broker's commission of ten dollars. Why is this knife rusteaten? Get rid of it byo using powder. The Nonya has had to re~ turn to look after her drunken son who o is ill.
Apa kma'? Sudah buang k~';a·kah?
K«mapa 1 anak tangga~ ini p
58
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
\
LESSON 29 Adverbs. Adverbs qualifying verbs occupy much the same place in the sentence as in EnJPish. Adverbs of degree whIch qualify adjectives and other adverbs stand generally before the word they qualify with the exception of sakaIi, most, and sahaja (saja), only. which invariably follow.
VOCABULARY more, plus l~beh less, insufficient kurang complete, enough. sufficient chukup more, again, still, yet lagi a little, few sedikit or sikit
certain, definite tbltu. many, much banyak exceedingly, too t~rlampau· much very, quite, most, altogether sakali only sahaja
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. When 'more' implies another portion, Iagi is employed, but when it means in excess over a certain figure, llbeb is used, though lagi is common in some cases. Tiga tahun l.Jbeb, morc than three yea~ . 'l'iga tahun lagi, three years more. Maseb, or masi (1.), still. Maseb lagi, while still. 2. Kurang baik, not so good, not up to much, inferior. 3. Tllrlalu (I.)., surpassingly, very. Lalu, to pass, past, after. Bulan lalu, the past month. The prefix tm: to an abverb implies 'most' (Lesson 50. Para. 4). Tllrllbeh, most. 4. Banyak, a lot, a quantity, in number; very, in bazaar Malay. Banyak sedikit, a good few. Ta'banyak, few. 5. "When habis is used with the auxiliary word mdah, but is placed after the main verb, it means altogether, alJ. 6., Habis, total, complete, utter, entirely. Habis bodoh, an absolute fool. Habis bulan, at the end of the month. 7. Pandai buat, clever at making. Where a preposition is required in English between an adjective and a verb dependent on it none ' is requisite in Malay. 8. Saliaja, pronounced saja, just. Ada saja. 'it's laid on'. 9. From dikit, small quantity. Sa·dikit, a little. 10. Sangat, very, norrmlly follows the word it qualifies, but am3t, very, precedes it unless it means 'too',
MADE
EASY
59
EXERCISE
I have heard enough. What else is o there"? It's over. You have swept only a very little, gardener. , Gh'e this child someo more pudding. She's very good. \Ve want more wages. How much more? They will certainly be banished from the state. The couch we bought the other day is inferior. The Kuala Lipis one. That Sundaneso woman is exceedingly pretty. The onlookers were a fair number last month. Wait a little while, I want to read all the letters. You are a complete idiot. Look at this pocket! This cook is very good at O making sauces, The price is only about one hundred pounds, What's Wrong in° asking for more O ? Ifs very little. Does that shop stock tinned goods? They're all o there. By the end of the month I shaH be well. 0
Saya sudah dl!ngar chukup. Apa lagi? Sudah habis. Tukang kebun sudah sapu slldikit saja. Kasi budak ini IagP puding.e Dia baik sakali. Kita mau H!beh 1 gaji. Bl!rapa banyak lagi? Dia orang Mntu kbla buang n~eri.
Kaus'" kita bcli kelmarin kurang baik.:l Kuala Upis punya. Pm-empuan Sunda itu t&lampau3 chantek. Orang lihat slldikit banyale"' bu1an lalu. s . Nanti sikit jam, saya mau bacha surat habis.i:i Engkau satu orang habis bodoh.s Tengok poketo ni. Tukang masak ini banyakt pandai buat< sose. Harga Mbelt kurang sa-ratus paune saja.8 Apa salah minta lagi? SlXIikitt' sangat. 10 Ada-kah kedai itu simpan barang tin? Ada saja.8 Habis bulans ini saya narlti baik.
60
MALAY
MADE
EASY
MALAY
LESSON 30
An adjective may be used as an adverb without ~ny change of termination. The wor~ sa-~lah~ on one side, towards, is commonly used in conjunction w1th the adverbs of place to form an adverbial phrase. VOCABULARY sini inside, deep, in outside situ, sana t~ngah in front, before atas behind, the back bawah the side, edge
dalam luar d4!pan belakang tq,i
NOTES ON EXERCISE L Sa.tlngah, or s4'paroh (1.), a half. and so 'partly' , 2. Sana, over there, is used commonly for situ, there.. 3. Bawall, beneath, downstairs. Atas, above, upst:lIIs.. ... Atas sakali, the very top. Sakali represents the Enghsh suffix 'mosf . Bawah sabli, bottommost. 5. Or h:adapan, in front. H adapt to face. Mingadap, . to appea.r before, a levee. Tlntaog. facing. Mob,. frOnt, outer sur'bce. 01muka in fron t .
EASY
61
EXERCISE
Adverbs of Place.
here there the middle above, on below, under
MADE
6.' A Resth ouse or p:lSaogglrlloh:1D (I.)., stan~s for a govtmm~nt building for officials on tour, where no other SUitable accommoda tion exists. 7. Apa kurang, what's lackin g? what's wrong? . 8. Or raya, great. Hari rlIoya, a feast-day, a ~ol l?aY', , 9. Banyak takes the place of the English termmatlon y meaning 'full 0 (' . Banyak ootu, full of stones, stony. 10. Makan angi n, (lit.) to eat the air, to take .the air. II. Depan, next, when used in ..connec?on wlt.h dates. , 12. PanggU, to designate, to inVite: ~Dt panggil .apa, what s th is called? Ajak, to invite. Jlmput, to IDVlte, to ask m. . 13. Pahit, bitter, and so in European c!rcles any short drmk or appetiser in which one puts a dash of hitters. . . 14. Helah, to split in two, to cut open, to ope.rate;. a side, a .5«:t.'on. $a·bllab marui, where? Sa·W\ah s:ma, on that Side, In that direction. T ang (for tentang) mana, whereabouts? I ). Tawh balek, to put back, to replace. Halek sana, beyond. 16. eberot or eblrotu, a eheroot, a cigar.
How many times have I said 'Come here'? Put the buttons partly here and partly there. Go and sit over there on the easy chair. Help him to clean the windows down below. Place the raincoat on top of all, Orderly. There is still some petrol in front of the shops. You go outside and wait behind the Taiping Resthouse, Ah Kow. What's the matter? I've sought for the washing list high and low. The main road on the other side is two miles long and o fu ll of stones. This bag is heavy; put it a little on one side. Take the right-hand road; w e want to have an outing (go for an airing). On Tuesday next I have asked two people to dine at home. Place the pahit-table back towards the centre. Inside, on the ceiling, there are many small insects. Half-way down the road there is an old man seIling Burmese cheroots.
Derapa kali saya sudah biJang 'Mari sini'? Taroh butange sa.tengah1 sini sa-tengah situ. P~gi dudok sana 2 atas kl!rusi maIas. ToJong dia chuchi jendeIa bawah.' Taroh baju hujan atas sakaIi\ Odeli. Ada lagi minyak benzin depans kedai. Lu pcrgi luar nanti MIIlikang reshaus ll Taiping, Ah Kau. Apa kurang7 ? Saya sudah chari lise dobi atas bawnh . JaJan besars s~bcrang sana ada dua bam panjan~ banyak batu.' Beke ini berat; taroh saMinh t~i soot. Ambil jaJan sa.-b~lah kanan; kita mau pergi makan angin.l0 Hari dua d~panll saya sudah panggil12 dua orang mnknn rumah. Taroh meja pahit13 sabelah14 t~ngah balek.Hi Dalam, atas silinge, ada banyak binatang kechil. Sa.tcngah jaJan ada satu orang tua jual ch~rutll1 Berma.
62
MALAY
MADE
EASY
:M ALAY
LESSON 81 Adverbs of Time. Adverbs of time nrc used with the demonstrative pronouns to obtain a more immediate significance. Adverbs can also be formed from other parts of speech . b y reduplication or the use of the pre.fix sa, one, or b y a combination of both methods. (Lesson 47.) . now a moment ago form erly. previous, past a fterwards a moment
VOCABULARY sckarang seldom tadi ever dahulu. or not yet dutu sometimes k~mudian sa·k~jap ·
always
jarang pemah
b61um kadangkadang· s~lalu
NOTES ON EXERC ISE A load or ' ful' is translated by prefixing sa, a. to the required sa.klm. a cart·load, sa-piuggan, a plateful. SiklIrang ini, at once, just now. U ·ini, nowl Nanti dulu, to wait a while. Jalan dulu, to go ahead. Ubeh dulu, first. Duln, before. Mula·mula, to begin with. 1. Pronounced thus. Bflabng, next. Habis. 2fter that. 5. Pfbmg·pitang, every afternoon. Reduplic:ltion of the word for a day. a month. etc., replaces the English suffix 'Iy'. Bulan·bubn monthly. Hari·hari or sa·bari.hari, daily. 6. Dahulu, last, of dates. Tahun dulu, the past year. 7. Sa.banyak, as ma ny as. Sa-lama or $a-Iagi, so long as. 8. BElnDl, yet. BElum lagi, not so far. Sa-hilum, before, in point of time. Bllum is often used instead of a direct negative. 9. Silalu, often . Kemp or sfring leali (1.), frequently . 10. Kfjap, to blink. to wink. Sa-bfntu (I.), a moment. II. Tcmpo.tempo (I.). at times. Sa·kaIi·kaIi, occasionally. 12. C hukup, fully, altogether, quite, in every respect. 13. BElum pimah, never yet, at no time. pfmah is generally used nega tively. T a' pimah, not ever, never. 14. \Vhen 'and' joins two verbs and the subsequent action follows immediately, it ma y be translated by Jangsong, straightaway, or 1a1u, directly after, or Janus (I.), forthwith. 1. word: 2. 3.
:MADE
EASY
63
EXERCISE
What do you want to buy? A cartload of lime. At the moment I'm bathing as it is already late. 011 this occasion only, she wants to borrow oil. Go to the Bank first and then return by tram. Wait a bit; I want to light a candle in the kitchen. H e seldom shoots sn ipe of an afternoon. Last week there were as many as ten handcarts blocking the road. H e likes to play cards daily whilst it rains. Has amah learnt how o to sew with the machine yet? H ow do you hope to be clever, H ashim, being always asl ee~? Tell me. H as last months receipt for house rent been received yet? Not as yet. W ait a moment; he has gone to get matches. Sometimes before he goes out he locks the fron t door. He is a very good person indeed and o never angry. Just now I saw a tongkang (lighter) come in and go Straight out back again.
Apa ~nghu niau ~li? Kapor sa·kereta. 1 Sekarang inP saya mandi sebab sudah malam. Sa·kali ini saja, dia mau pinjam minyak. P~g i benke dulu 8 kemdian. pal.:ai treme balek. Nanti dulu 3; saya mau pasang lilin dalam dapor, Dia jarang tembak burong senaipe petang'pctang,1I Minggu. dulu' ada sa·ban- . ya1:1 sa-puloh kereta tangan tutup jalan. Din suka main kate sa.harlhnrill sa·lama 7 ada hujan. Amah sudah belajar jahit mcshin belwn8 ? Macham mana Hashim mau pandai, selalu' tidor. Bi1ang-Iah. Rasite sewa rumab bulan dulu'sudah terima belum? Bcium lagi.8 Nanti sa_kejapl0; dia ada p&gi ambit machise• Kad ang.kadang l l sa·b(!lumll dia p~rgi luar dia kunchi pintu depan. Dia satu orang chukup12 baik, belum pernahl1 mnrah. Taw saya nampak tongkung masok langsong l f ktHuar balek.
64
MALAY
MA DE
M ALAY
EAS Y
Affirmatives, Negatives and Prohib itives.
The direct affirmative )la, yes, in answer to a query. is considered abrupt and is generally avoided by an abbreviated reply containing either the auxiliary or some other emphatic word taken from the question. Tidak, no, or ta', not, is a simple denial which qualifies a sentence and precedes the verb or its auxiliary, but, as a direct negative. politeness requires either a conventional phrase or a negative sentence. Bukan, no indeed, which qualifies the wor~ it precedes. is an emphatic negative implying the opposlte. The prohibitive "don't' is jangan. Honorific terms or sahaya, I, arc used as polite rejoinders in the affirmative. VOCABULARY
not don't perhaps
yn tidak bukan jangun burangkati
all
fa'
near quickly slowly
EA S Y
65
EXERCISE
LESSON 32
yes no, not
MADE
semun jauh dekat
Jekas
o
p~rlahan
NOTES ON EXERCISE L 8uk:III, or buk~ n ·kall , isn't there? isn't it? etc. In a negative question bukau, not, asks for confirmation: 2. Tidak ada, ta'ada or t'm, has not, IS not, are not, etc. T ada birhlnti, CC2$e1ess. Tada asap , smokeless. In Indo nesia the contrac_ tion ta' is seldom used. Oak, short 'for no. 3. M~b m sAal'llng, ro- night. M~lam tadi, last night. ... Sakali.kali, at all, ever, from sakali, quite. 5. In questions the ncgative altemati\'e is often used. 6. Jalan leaki, to go 0 11 foot. Jalan b ut, to go by sea. 7. Bukan mai n, no joke, illY! very. Bukall sikit, lots. 8. Or dll'llJ, speed, fast. C hlpat, quick, hurry up, soon. 9. O r memang, just, naturolly, as :I matter of course. 10. Potons, to kill an animal, to carve, to operate. II. Masak. to boil (of water). M6ndideh, to boil, to bubble. n . A colloquialism. Ya, O! Ya Allah, 0 lordi
Co quite slowly, Syce. Very well, Sir. There's more cake, isn't there? There's no ' more, Madam, it's all gone. Perhaps the padre will not return to dine this evening. Yes, Sir I hear that O the wharf is far away. 111at's not ltD. That new mosquito-net does not belong to your master. I know it doesn't. She doesn't want to Jive near there as there are no shops. That's hue. There arc no bolsters at all. You know that, don't ou? Yes, Sir. AI men do not run fast; am I right or not? Isn't it correct that" he won't go on foot? Yes. That motor-car travels at no ordinary speed. My, what a fooll H e just does not know how to perform a Boy's work. I never carve the chicken in the kitchen. Is the milk boiling or not? Not as yet, Jenab. A dozen (ten) times I (amah) have told you not to bite that pin. No, not that wash-hand basin; this one. Be sure!
r
Jalan perlahan (or ~Ian) sakali sais. Baik, Twn. Ada lagi keJ<e, bukan t ? Tidak ada 2 Jagi, M~m, sudah habis. Barangkali Tuan paderi ta' pulang makan maIam sekarang.' Saya. Saya dcngar wape itu jaub. Tidak (or Dak 2) . Kelambu bam ito bukan Tuan engkau punya. Ya, saya tahu. Dia 'ta'mau dudok ~kat sana scbab t'ada 2 ki!dai. Itu batar. Ta'ada 2 banta! panjang sakali-kali.4 Engkau tabu tidak~? Tuan. Semua orang ta1ari I~s; h
66
MALAY ·MADE
MAL A Y
EASY
VOCABULARY
bukit .
the sea a river
sungaiO
Iaut
,ed yellow low different, another use, useful
67
The cabin is painted yellow Kilbine ada sapu chat kuning.
The three prepositional prefixes di, at, in, OD; ka, to; and dari, from, which correspond to the place where, whither, or whence, an;, used in conjunction with the common adverbs of place to fonn compound prepositions. (Ka is pronounced and also written as k~.) Di and ka are true p repositions of place which can be prefixed only to nouns or adverbs denoting place. pulau padango
EASY
EXERCISE
LESSON 33 Prepositional Prefixes to Adverbs of Place.
an island a plain, a field a hill
MADE
, ,
,~.
mmh kuning ri;ndah lain
..
gun.
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Bit hitam, black beer, stout Sampin, champagne, Creme-dementhe IS bljau, green. Arak, arrack, spirits. T uak, toddy, palmwine. Sopi manis (I.), a liqueur. 2. Tanah, grou nd or floor. Darat. land, interior. 3. DaTi, from, out, of, often replaces the English 'o·f'. Lagi, more, is often used loosely for dari, from. . 4. Padang or lapangan (I.), an open grassy space, a playi ng field. Lapang, empty, open . 5. Tangkap ikan, to catch fish , to fish. Ornng tangkap ikan, a fisherman. Kelong, a marine fish.trap, fishing-stakes. 6. Tanke, a well-to-do Cfiinese, the proprietor, the boss. 7. The T eochel'.'s are a Chinese people related to tIle Hokkiens who come from around Swatow, in the prOVince of Kwangt ung. Many of them are fishermen in Malaya. 8. Bulan tlraug, a clear moon. Tlrallg bulan, moonl ight. 9. Lain, anothcr, other, else, usually precedes the v..ord it qualifies. Lain hari, another day. Lain bulan, next month. 10. Muda, young, unripe, a pale or light shade of colour. Tua, old, a dark or deep tint. M crah tua, a dark red_ 1 L Sate, satay. gobbets of meat grilled on skewers. 12. Kongsi, a syndicate, a partnersh ip, a Chinese guild. 13. KaJi (L), a river. Blta"i, Batavia, now Jakarta. 14. Place prepositions are often omitted if the sense allows.
,
..
•
within. It is easy now to go into the house. Please fetch a bottle of stout from inside. It hurts to sleep on a £Ioor made of cement. Travel very slowly up to the top of this high hill. Every evening we take a stroll on the padang. The fishennen have built a house on the side of the island near the kelong. A Chinese towkay, a Teo. chew from Tanjong P agar, wants to catch fi sh. Wasn't there a spirits shop here at one time? No, it was a toddy-shop. What is the good of lifting it from behind, you idiot? Lower it a bit first. - \Vhen o there'so a moon we will go down and bathe in the river. Next time paint it a light red outside; this dark red is no good at all. Come and have sate b y the seaside near the Hylam Kongsi. Nona's standing in front 0'£ the Kali Besar, Jakarta. Go to the market and see if there's no other meat. M _M.E.-6
di-da1am. Senang silkarang masok kada1am rumah. Tolong ambit sa-botol biro' hitam! dan da1am. Sakit tidor di-tanah:l buat dari! simen". Jalan ~lan-pillan ka-atas bukit tinggi ini. Malam-malam kitn jnlan makan angin di-padang.' Orang tangkap ikan~ sudahbuat rumah di-tepi pula\! dekat kelong.~ Sa-orang tauke 6 China Techu1 dnri Tanjong Pagar mau tangkap ikan.& Bukan-kah ada kCdai arak l di-sini dulu? Bukan, kildai tuak. l Apa guna angkat dari billakang, bodoh? Kasi reridah soot du1u. Bulan Mrang8 kita nanti jalan ka-bawah manru dalam sungai. Lain9 kaH sapu chat merah muda lo di-luar; merah tO tua ini ta'guna sakali. Mari makan sate11 di-tilpi laut dilkat Hallam Kongsi.12 Nona ada bilTdiri di-depan Kali13 Besar di-Jakarta. Phgi pasar14 tcngok t'adakah daging lain?
68
MALAY
MADE
MAL A Y
EASY
LESSON 34 ~efore parts of speech other than DounS and adverbs denoting place pada, at, in, OD, is employed in place of di, at, an~ kapada, to, towards, in place of ka, to. Dan, from, may also be joined to pada to form daripada,
from , before other than place words. The following prepositions are derived from: to arrive sarnpai until, up to, till
to let go
lilpas ·
after
to replace to follow to divide a reason
ganti ikut bagi pasal
instead of according to, by for because, about, as to
YOChBULARY turun
t o shave to think to pull
chukor pikir tarck
naik
a tree a flower grass a leaf fruit
E AS Y
69
EXERCISE
The Preposition pada, at, to.
to ascend to descend
M A DE
pokokO bunga· rumput dauD buah
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. O r . naik kapal, to go on board shi p, to travel by ship. 2. Naik, to rise (of the S!J1l or moon), and turun, to set. Also klluar, to come out, or tlrblt, to emerge, masok, to sct. l Or t6ntang, concerning, about. Abn, as to. 4. Or-lUg ~u~ya cb:ib p, people's talk, ru mour, gossip. 5. Sudah, It 1$ al ready. Sudah itu, after that. 6. Sa'PlInjang, the whole lenath of, throughout. 7. Jaub malam, hr into tlle night, laic. S. ~pu huang, sweep and throwaway, to sweep awav. . 9. Kaki lilin, a a ndle·stick. Kaki, a foot , a stand. . 10. Tlugah·tl llgah. in the middle of. Antalll between II. Or sa.llingga, up to, as far as. Hingga, a'limit. . 12 ..Kapada, to, usually of persons, also pad:i, to. Apa pacb sara, there IS to me or I ha\~. Ibt pad:J, to tie to. 13. Bunga, or klmbang (1.), a blossom, precedes the name of all fl O\"~r$. BUll8a lllya or klmbang slpatu, a hibiscus a shoe·Rower 14. Guoi, a S3d:, a bag made of hessian. KaU; gUDi, sacking:
•
At that time he was still shaving that lad's head. On Tuesd ay next we shall go down to the ship. T he m oon rises at eight o'clock of an evening. After that put sarno water on the (grass) lawn. As to the removal of the fruit trees all the people nearby know. According to general romour he has been in jail. For three months he has not eaten other than congee, owing to illness. He went through the fields to get flowers for me. Because of a little matterO he has been cross all day. After the show I shall want to go home because it will be late. Sweep away these leaves after breakfast Place the candle-stick amid the Rower vases instead of the silver bowl. Up to this day he has not as yet given it to me. The gardener has pulled up the hibiscus hedge all around th ~ compound. In my opinion he certainly stole the gunny-bag.
Pada jam itu dia lagi chukor k~pala budnk. Pada had dua di!pan kila nanti turon kapal. 1 Bulan naik!! pada pulrul d~lapan malam. Lepas itu laroh ayer atas padang rumput. PasaF' ambek pokok buah s4!mua orang dckat sudah tahu. Ikut orang punya chakap 4 dia sudah kbta jel.e Sudah5 tiga bulan dia ta'makan lain daripada kanji pasal sakit. Dia pirgi ikut padang ambit bunga bagi saya. Pasal sikit dia sudah marah sa-panjang6 hari. Habis wnynng saya nanU mau pulang s~bab jauh malam.7 Sapu buang8 daun ini Mpas makan pagi. Taroh kaki lilin9 di.tt ngah u 1 lempat bunga ganti mangkok perak. Sampaj ll pada had ni din bcium bi!ri kapada l :! saya. Tukang kcbun sudah tarek keluar pagar bunga rayallJ . kcliling kampong. Pada saya punya pikir tl:ntu din churi gunp4 itu.
70
M A LAY
MADE
M A LAY
EAS Y
•
VOCABULARY
-to point out tunjok to be afraid takut b~rani to be bold. brave 10 escort, to conduct, to send hnntar 10 marry kawin
a command, a sentence hukum intoxication mabok ubat medicine a gun scnapang the heart, mind hati
NOTES ON EXERC ISE 1. Mata, an eye, an orifice. a focus, a mesh, the blade of a"tool Of weapon. ADam mati, six-<:hambcre
0,
EA S Y
71
EXERCISE
LESSON 35 The Preposition d~ngan, with. D cngan, with, implies close association or proximity, as w ell as the means by or with and the manner in which a -thing is accomplished. Adverbs of manner can be fonned by the employment -of dengnn with an adjective.
:M ADE
•
"t..,
,..,
to
f l .,
"(
,f ' •
He has gone out with the . chief clerk. Go downstairs for a moment with all of them. Armourer, bring the gun .here together with the sbt~ chambered revolver. H urry upt Don't be afraid and come close by me. With this medicine in two days it will disappear easily. He has felled that timber tree in the blukar (scrub) by your instructions, Sir. I ~inted out some laIlang grass) close beside the urian trees. Cook some rice in fat and we will have it with korma. Where are you off to? Come here for a moment and sit down with me. The painter wishes to give notice with regret. On no account have dealings with money~lenders. She is very annoyed with her husband. H e said in a drunken way, .. , dare to."'" Send this telegram quicldy to the Secretary at Sungei Patani. I wish to marry the chemist's d aughter.
Dia sudah ~rgi luar dengan kt-rnni ~sar. Turon ka-bawah sa-k~jap dt'!ngan dia orang semua. Tukang senapang, b.awa marl s~apang dengan pistole anam mata,t Chepatl Jangan takut, mari dt'!kat dengan saya. D cngan ubat ini dalam dua hari dia nanti hilang dengan s.mang.2 Dia sudah potong pokok kayus di-~Juka.r iht dengan hukum Tuan. Saya sudnh htnjok lalang' dekat dengan pokok durian. a Masak nasi minyak sMikit kita makan dengan kor~ rna. Ka-mana4 engkau pt-rg i? Datang-Iah lea-mari· sabentar dudok dengan aku. Tukang chat mau kasi uotis" dblgan susah hati.8 Jangan sakali·kali' champor dlmgan' cheti.' Dia banyak sakit hati~ dengan laki dia. Dia chakap dengan mabok 2, "'Saya ~rani . " Hantarll talig&ame ini dengan lekas 2 pOOa Seicritarie di-Sungai Pt'!tani. Saya mau kawin dengan' anak tukang ubat. 10
72
MA L A Y
MA D E
EAS Y
·
LESSON 36 T he Preposition sarna, with, to.
Colloquially the word sarna, the same, together with. is used extensively as a preposition instead of dengan, with, and kapada, to. Pronouns and occasionally n OUDS in the objective case after a transitive verb arc often put into a dative construction in Malay by the employment of sarna or kapada, to. VOCABULARY
to to to to to
disturb, stir kachau· be silent, to dwell diam know a person kmal promise, agree janji hold pt!gllng
mil k sugar b utter bread cheese
M A LAY
MADE
'.
,
.• ~
'.
•
• SllSU
gul. mlhltega
roti keju
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Kachan, to mix Ill'. to 'create confusion; to bother, to annoy. 2. Sallu, to spread with (as butter or jam, etc.) . 3. U.oo t sinap:mg, lI mmu nition . Ubat, a mediCi ne, a drug, a chemical, a pow
~
•I'
I
f
,·
E AS Y
73
EXERCISE
Stir up a teaspoonfu l of sugar together with the milk and give it to him. Cut a little more bread and spread it with butter. He lives with his father at tlle foot of the hill. I arranged with him to b uy some ammunition. Up to now he does not recognise (to) his wife. H assan, tell (say to) the gardener to cut the graSs even,ly. Yes, Sir. This ketchup (sauce) is nearly the same as ours, isn't it? No, it isn't, In two cases out of three the hair is equally black. Put all the low shrubs together over there. First of all, arrest him on a warrant and then take him with you to l poh. Look out! These horses are vicious and" like to bite each other. H old them. In fu ture I don't want toast and cheese any more. Next time, without fai1, buy just enough mi1k for h im and no more. The dog at home has never disturbed (to) him of a night, Aoos. I have some" of these red and yellow Rowers.
Kachau t gula satu si!ndok sarna d4!ngan susu, kasi sarna dia. Potong si!dikit Jagi roti, sapu:! sarna mcntega. Dia diarn sarna dia puoya bapa di·kaki bukiL Saya sudah janji sarna dia blli ubat s!napang.$ Sampai s~karang dia ta'kblal sarna bini. H asan, bilang sarna tukang k4!bun potong nunput sarna tinggi.4 Tuan. Kichap ini d ~kat~ sarna d~ngan kita punya, bukao? Bukan. . Dalarn tiga duas rambut sarna hitam. Taroh semua pokok rbldah sama-sarna4 di-situ. Mula-mula tangkap dia d6ngan warene habis bawa pmgi sarna· ka-lpoh. Jaga baik?1 Kuda ini jabat, suka gigit satu sarna lain,s P4!gang dia. Hari ka-d~pano saya ta'mau tose sarna keju lagi. Lain kali. jangan tidak, to bell susu sarna chukup4 bagjl1 dia jangan Il beh.lO Anjing d ekat U rurnah ta'p~ mah kachau sarna dia malam hari, Abas. Bunp:a rnerah sarna kuning ini ada sarna saya.IS
74
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
Conjunctions. Avoid complex sentences and so do away with the need for subordinate clauses. A well-balanced sentence containing contrasted statements will obviato many simple conjunctions. The conjunction 'and', in particular, is omitted where it is required in English to connect sentenqes or between two verbs or contrasted words. When used as a copula between adjectives it is replaced by lagi, in addition. VOCABULARY
if 0'
when
dan tctapi, tapi jikalau. kalau alau apabila.· hila
in vain, merely only then, just as if, like provided that time, when
EASY
75
EXERCISE
LESSON fr7
and but, yet
?I.·I AD E
chuma bahatu macham
" at
waktu
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. The adverbial conju nctions 'when' and 'where' are translated by di·timpat or di·man3, at th e place wh ere, and wal:tu, at the time when, :15, whilst. Tcmpoh or masa, time, may be $ubstituted for wakht and bila used for apabil.;a. 2. Or akan tibpi, but, a variant of t.api. 3. Pinat a 'plnat, tired or not . \Vh ether ... or not, can be expressed by repeating the v."Ord with a negative. l\.'fau b ' mau, willY·Dilly. i. Takut, for fear that, lest. Supaya, so that Supaya jaug:m, lest. Kalau·kalau, in case that, if perhaps. Jallga n d ia b 'dahmg, lest he come. 5. Or ¢rchuma, to no purpose, for nothing, gratiS, free. 6. Jikabu ... abu, whether ... or. Atnu ... ab u, either . .. or. 7. Or sipirti, like, similar t o, as. Sa·bagai, as. 8. Or kirana, because. Kiratl;1 llpa, because of what. 9. Bagai, a kind, like. Bagini (bagai ioi), in this way, thus. Bagiht (~ iht), Ji\.:e that, so. Bagaimana. or bagim:lIl3, how? 10. Lagi ... Iag i, or ma\.:in . .. makin, the more . .. the more. I!. Kalau 13', if they do not, unless. Jika, if. 12. Chuma, just, is often followed by saja, only. . 13 . Or kib slkalian, we all. Sigala, all, every, the whole. Ii. The 'or' is omitted in rough estimates of numbers.
Co and get the soap and show it to the barber where he lives. When I arrived she was sewing at home, But large and small, all of them like it if it's sugar, Why are these khaki trousers dirty and wet? Whether you are tired or not stick it out, lest we all fall asleep, Suleiman. I telephoned to him just DOW in vain, when I heard that he had returned, Then we shall know if you are afraid or not. When he is drunk his face is as red as fire. r have a stomach-ache because I ate too much, That's so, but the more people drive them away the more they return. Whilst I am bere be is quiet like this. Even Banjarese don't act like that unless they bear :I. grudge. That is it Just 'i'ut in the milk, but don t stir it. Furthermore, when the Consul knows, there will be trouble' for all of us. She has come upstairs to meet one or two people.
Pt!rgi ambil sabun tunjok snrna tukang ehukor di-Mmpatl dia diam. Waktu 1 saya sampai dia ada jahit di-nunah. Tt!tapi2 b~ar kt!ehil, s~ua sabli sub asal gula. Apa st!bab s~luar lruning ini kotor lagi basah? Pt!nat ta' pt!nat8 tahan-lah, takutt kita st!mua tidor, Suleman (Man). Saya sudah talipun sarna din tndi ehuma$, bila dt!ngar dia sudah bal~k. Bam tabu jikalau' takut atau
tidal<. Apabila mnbok muka dia merah maeham1 api. Saya sakit pt!rut s~bab8 malcan banyalc sangat. Bttu1 bagitu {or bt!gitU)I\ akan tt!tapi2 lagilo orang halau dia lagi dia balek. Sa-Iagi saya di-sini dia diam bagini (or begini).9 Orang Banjar lagi ta' buat macham itu'1 kalau dia ta'l1 sakit hati. 1tu dia. Chuma taroh surn sahaja12 tapi jangan kaehan. Dan lagi, bila Konsol e tabu, nanti susah bagi kita st!mua.1J Dia naik mau jumpa satu dua" orang.
76
MALAY
MADE
MA LAY
EASY
LESSON 38 The Conjunctions juga, also, and pula, so, then. 1?e words juga, for all that, as wen, also, and pula, agam, so, then, why,-expressing surprise-are introduced .conversationally in Malay to round off a sentence and foUow the words they qualify. VOCABULARY
to to to to to
laugh cry examine believe be hungry
t~rtawa
menangis pereksa ~rchaya
Japar
empty kosoog full ~noh gambling judi leave, furlough chuti· a court case, to discuss
bichara
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Ta'salah, not guilty. innocent, not to blame. Ta', not takes the place of the E nglish prefix 'un' or 'in', T a' tentu un~rt3in 'fa' chukup, insufficient. , . . 2. KIIl~ ~icharo: to be heard (as a case). Apa bichara IJllgkau, what IS your opiOlOn? BlchaI'll, to have a talk with. 3. Juga, or jna, and yet , often contains a reservation. Lama juga it is a good long time. Bhseh juga, fairly clean . ' 4. 'Since' may be expressed by a negative construction or the use ot a word like 'after' or be Qmitted altogether when meaning 'as'. Slnlln· iak or siiak (l ), since (of time) . ~'. Or kelang pap:an, a. ~w.mill. ~elaDg blms, a rice mill. Kelang or . glhng~ u (r.).. a mill. Clling, to grind, t.o roll. Batu giling, a ·curry· stone. Kisar, to move round, to revoh·e. Kisanm, a quem, a hand·mill. 6. Jam ini iuga, this \'ery moment, immediately. 7. Kaki lima, 3 6\'e-foot way, a sidewalk, or shop arcade. 8. Tid'apa (b.'ap;l), no matter, it's nothing, never mind. Ta'usah Of b.'payab, there's no necessity, don't trouble. Vsah, need. Parah, difficult, troublesome. serious (of illness}. 9. Piti gamoor, (lit.) a picture box, a camem. 10. JIJ3lI, also, may commence a sentence in Indonesia. II . In Indonesia plrlop (D.), furlough, or pre (D.), free. 12. Main indi, to play at games of chance, to gamble. 13. Tanah kosong, was ~e or empty ground, a vacant plot. . 11. Salll~ng, a professional bully. Bangsat, a vagran t, a tramp, but 10 IndoneSia a rascal, a thief, a lxad character.
MADE
EASY
77
EXERCISE
I believe all the' same that O he is innocent, Noor. Whether he wants it or not the case o must be tried just the same in Brunei. Much has been emptied out but it's full for all that The child wants some fresh b read, and butter as well. It's quite a while since he worked in the saw-mill. ]t's not long since I had a meal, yet I am very hungry, nevertheless. Just this very minute he stopped crying. The arcade is pretty clean, not having been used yet. Never mind! It's aI! the same jf we go or not. The camera's lost also! What's to be done? Who is to examine into the case of theft? He, too. So that's the reason he ran off with another man's wife! Now I know. Again, we don't know whether we're going 0 11 leave or not. Why. he's got cheek laughing when asking for a day off work. Don't go gambling, then, on vacant plots sioce samsengs (roughs) abound.
Saya p(!rchaya juga dia ta' salah,1 Nor. Mau ta' mau kbla bi. chara2 juga di - n~gm Benmai. Banyak sudah buang t~tapi penoh juga. Budak ini mau roti barn dan mentega juga. Lama juga8 dia ta' k&ja4 di-enjin papan,1i Ta1ama 1 ~pas4 makan Mtapi saya bukan main Japar juga. Bam jam ini jugal! dia berh~nti m~nan gis,
Kaki lima"l ini berseh juga3 beium pakai lagi. Tid'apa81 Sarna juga p&gi atau ta'p(!rgi. P~i gambarll hilang juga!,1) Apa mau buat? Siapa nanti pi!rcksa kese pasaJ churi? Dia juga. Pasal itu pula, dia bnwa lari bini orangl Barn saya tahu. Lagi pula, kita l>6lum tahu jikalau pi!rgi. chutill atau tidak. Berani pula dia tertawa (or ketawa) jam minta lepas leerja sa·hari, Jangan main judi 12 pula di.tanah kosong,Ja ada banyak samseng. 14
78
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
LESSON 39 Interjections and the Particles 1:lh and pun. There are several interjections and pious ejaculations in common use amongst the Malays themselves. The intranslatable particle lah is suffixed to any word in a clause which it is intended to emphasise. . The particle pun, even, though, too, may be added to any part of speech for emphasis and is frequently employed to balance lah in a clause. VOCABULARY
to pay heed
pMuli
to feel affection for, pity, alas sayang to love kaseh to b e ashamed, shy maIn
to hope
\
harap
to be mad
to chatter, noise
gila bising
to lie, an untruth bohongO bangun to be accustomed, usuaDy biasa
to rise, to get up
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Sakali, indeed, exclamatory-how! what! Bltul, truly, very. Binar, in truth, indeed, very. 2. Tlrim2 kasch, (lit.) I am in receipt of yOUf favour, and so 'thanks', an expression reserved for special services. 3. Chilaka, aceutsed, curse itl unlucky, a calamity. 4. Cbakal) pidahan, to speak quietly or slowly. 5. Sombollg, pride, conceit, swank, stuck up. 6. Sayang, what a pity! denotes regret ovcr the loss or was te; ka. schan, kindness, favour; pity, from kasell, to love, embodies actual pity for some misfortune or hardship. Kfsian, how dreadful! 7. Piduli, why worry! It means to wony oneself olter, and is usnally employed negatively. Ta'piduli, not to eare. 8. Lapar ayer, or hans, thirsty. Lapar Suso, to hunger for milk. 9. Mahap, to pardon, to excuse. AmpulI, to forgive. 10. Entah (entah), w\\O knows, can't say, perhaps. I!. Or mlski pUll (I.), althougll. SUlIggoh, true, real. 12. Pun . . . pun, when repeated stands for neither ... nor. Mao pun . . aUlu (I. ) or baik . .. . maim plln, whether .... or. 13. Panjang UlIlor, length of years. This reversal of the norm al order is cornmOIl in certain adjectival phrases. 14. Religious phrases are confined to Moslems. Bismillah, In the name of God--3 grace. Salam alaikum, peace IIpon yOtl-a greeting. 'Va alaikum salam, and on you peace _ a reply Iusha Allah, if Cod wiIls it.
MADE
EASY
79
EXERCISE
Ho there! friend, get uPi it is six o'clock. How dark it is! Ohl my leg aches so. What an awful storyl H e,rel take this money and divide it equally. Thanks. Fie! aren't you ashamed to talk filth. You wretch! Be quietI Don't make a noise and speak softly. What arrogance! Wh..'lt a pity! the tea cup's broken. Never mind! What a shame! they arc thirsty indeed. 0 God! 'Why! excuse me, it is he wha is telling lies. It's just as well you arc used to him. May bel He is quite ashamed about it now. Would you b elieve itl Why nQ-t? Tho.ugh without means yet h e is mad on gambling all night long. Even that I don't worry about if h e was not always drinking spirits. H er husband is neither good nor bad. Besides, she does not care for her child. That's it. I, too, hope that you, Sir, will have a long life. Please Godl
... Hai! kawan, bangun-Iah; sudah pukul anam. Gelap. sakalPl Adoh! sakit-lah kaki saya~ Bohong sakaIP! Nah! ambil-lah duit ini bagi sarna. Tcrima kaseh. 2 Cheh! ta'malu chakap kotor. Chclakasl Diam-Iah. Jangan buat bising dan chakap pttrla· han:' Sombong,~ ehl Sayang6! mangkok teh sudah p~hah. Pi!dulF! Kasehan 6 J dia orang laparayerS betuJ.1 Ya Allah! Wah! minta mahap,lI dia· lah chakap hoboug, Baik-Iah oogkau biasa den_ gan dia. EntahlOI Dia maIu·lah sekarang sebab itu_ Perchaya! Mlngapa tidak? Sunggoh punl l t'ada duit tapi dia gila main judi sa· panjang malam, Itu pun saya ta' ptdulF kalau dia ta' minwn arak selalu. Laki dia baik pun12 tidak jahat }lun12 tidak. Lagi pun, dia ta' sayang: anak dia. ltu·lab . Saya pun harap Tuan panjang umor.18 Insha AllahH !
80
MA L AY
MADE
MALA Y
EAS Y
The Verb boleh, can, to be able. There is no exact equivalent in Malay for the English words, could, should and would, or may and might, but they may be expressed by bolch, can, to be able, or the use of a conditional clause. The verb dapst, to obtain, to get, has sometimes the force of bolch, can. VOCABULARY
garam ladn° sayar ubi o bangsa
an onion a bean, a pea a mat-awning a cigarette tobacco
EASY
81
EXERCISE
LESSON 40
salt pepper. a chilli a vegetable a potato. a tuber a kind, a species
MADE
bawang J.:achang kajang rokok t~mbakau
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Sambal, condiments or side-dishes served with curry. 2, Boleh juga, it can he dO lle. Bolch tahan, endurable, In Iudonesia bolcb, can will, and bisa, can, to be able. 3. Lada or rnlricha (1.), pepper. Lada is also a chilli in Siugapore. Chab:li or lombok ( t ). a chilli, a hot pepper. of. Mana bolch, how is it possiblel nonsense! of COUfse not! Mas:! (1.), is it likelyl Masabn, it is imp!obable. . 5. Sibiu pagi, always of a mommg, e\·ery mommg. 6. 'Call' may also be expressed by the use of roundabout. pi, rases involving the employment of tahu, to kllow how to, pandal, to be clever at, or biasa, to be accuslomed 10, ctc. 7. Plreksa 10 look thoroughly. Kurang plreksa, I have not gone properly into 'the matter, and so, 'J don't know'. 8. Apa boleh buat, what can be done? There is nothing to be done about it. It call' t be helped. 9. Ta'dapat tidak or hI'boleh tidak, must, certainly. 10. Or ubi kl nlang, a potato. In Indonesia k6ntang, a potato and ubi, a sweet potato, whilst sayor.an is vegetables. 11 . Ini ada, this is, here are. Sini aw, here are. 12. Kalau ami. if there is any. Kalau 52)"a, if it were me. 13. Makan rokok or minum rokok (I.), to smoke. . Ii. Dapat, to manage. Si mpat or w n (Penang), to have the bme. T a'slmya t to have no time or opportunity. 1). Slk~rang. or ka r:Jng, presently, directly, shortly.
Can you come to-morrow night to help, Boy? Yes. Are you able to eat curry and chilli sambal, Sir? I can manage it, but don't put in too many chillies, (elder) Peughulu. How couJd II r shall eer· tainly see about that. Can you get beans and onions at Kuantan? I think I may be able to, as those kinds of vegetables are seldom lacking. I can usually get some cab· bages every morning. Can you buy any cauli· 80wers? It's uncertain. Does he know how to make a kajang? I can't say. If he's no good. it can't be help<>d, Karim. Most certainly he would like to store away these pota· toes if he could. Here are the keys; go and look well in the godown in case there is some salt. r should like to smoke a cigarette, if I may? He might be able to tell you where there is a shop seIling tobacco. If you can manage it, come up to the house presently and sit down, Sir.
Boy boleh datang besok malam tolong? Boleh. Tuan boleh makao karl sama sambal! lada? Bolch juga,2 tapi jangan tarob t~rlnmpau banyak chili,S To' Pcnghulu. Manu bolch 4 ! Saya Motu jaga tcntang itu. BoJeh dapnt kachang sarna bawang di·Kuantan? Saya pikir barangkali boleh schab sayor bangsa ito jarang t'adn. Saya biasa dapst sayor kobis& selalu pagi.1S Dapat ~ngkau b~1i sayor bunga kobis? Ta'U!ntu. Din tahu6 bikin kajang.kah? Kurang pcreksa.7 Kalau dia tu'pandai apa bolch buat,' Karim. Ta'dapat tidak' dia suka mau simpan ubp o ini kalau boleh. Ini ada l l kunchi; pergi p~reksa T dalam gudang kalau adat2 garam. Saya mau makan rokok13 kalau bolch? Dia barangkali bolch kasi tahu dimana ada kMai jual t~mbakau . Kalau dapat'4 Tuan da· tang di..rumah s~karangllS dudok.
82
,
MA LAY MADE EASY
LESSON 41 The Verb indi, to become. TIle verb jadi, to become to ha.
swee, sow-
,
-evidence, proof . .
I
VOCABULARY gtmJok kurus manis masam· saksi
expensive cheap late, slow gain, luck loss
NOTES ON EXERCISE
1. JaIli·Jab, it is en0"8b or suffi'
mwl row-ah
lrunbat· untong
rug;
t th
Jt cannot happen or come bo t ~cn. at will do, Ta'boleh 'ad' won't rise (of bread) Ta" ~ ' ~ it won't do, it is lIot a succes! ~f ~~~n used for shall ~ot 0: s6ao't CO'faill t~:o!hing. to be off, and' J...., may be. . .... rgl. shall you go? Boleh . 2. Chinese names consist of 1 wluch there are a limited DU c an or surname such as Tan of 71ame in genera] use e g B and a double.barrelled pe~n:t1 BUD.!ceug. Often the di~' uo: cll8. so that the full naq{c is Tan names, e.¥. Ah Keog. mubve Ah replaces one of the perwnai 3. ]adl, to be in any state r . what are you? Jadi orang b1isaro t occb::pa tio~, to be bom. Jadi apa
:0
"1I!r.
r.~ht}appened? what was the ~~lt? Ha:1~;l'SQnagc.
Apa jadi' uay. .Lahir, born. ' I or wri lahir (I.), ; • .of. H
k
1,',.
MADE
EASY
83
EXERaSE
'he. to do, to serve is ext '. I ppcn, to take place to Malay in a variet),'of con~::r:n;. employed in col1oq~al fat, plump thin, skinii y
MALAY
:~
You must become a witness in this case. I did not recognise him any longer as he has got fat. Furthermore, his wife is thin now. That will do. I shall not be getting on the train at Bulat Timah. It won't do to be always late like this. Is Bun Keng a master in the Hokkien school? What happened that O he should cry like that? Milk if kept for long will go sour. If the oven is not hot enough the bread will not come to anything. The parang was of no use so the vegetable gardener threw it away. When sea-sick take this sweet pill as medjcine. It was fortunate forO us· that Owe didn't happen to go on lQave to Kota Bharn. As the wind rose just now the rain d id not mate· rialise. Worso luck! At the end of the month tapioca will be cheap; at the moment it is dear. H e went mad because of his losses when the bangsal (shed) caught fire. M.M.I!..-
7
Engkau kbla jadi saksi dalam bichara mi. Saya ta'k~nal lagi pasal dia sudah jadi gtmlok. Dan iagi, bini dia kurus s':karang. Jadi.lahl • Saya la'jadi naik kt'!rcta api di·Bukit Timah. Ta'boleh jadi! st'!lalu lambat matham ini. Bun Keng!! jadi3 guru st'!koJab Hokian.kab4 ? Apa jadP dia menangis macham itu? Susu kalau simpan lama boloh jadi masam. Kalau dapor 'ilu t'ada chukup panas roti tidale baleh jadi. 1 Paran!f itu t'ada guna jadiU orang kt'! bun sayor sudah buang. Apabila mabok laut1 makan pil manis ini jadi ubat.8 Untong~ baik kita ta' jadi pergi chuti ka·Kota Ba· ham (baru). Pasal angin turunlO tadi hujan ta' jndi.l Nasib9 chelaka! Chukup bulanll ubi kayu12 nanti bolch judi murah; sckl\rang mahal Dia sudah jadi gila st'!bab rugi apabila bnngsaP8 kena api.
84
MALAY MADE
EASY
MALAY
LESSON 42 Other .Auxiliary Verbs.
VOCABULARY
goreng rebus si!mbahyang mati sembunyi
light (weight) thick
thin, tenuous rotten, worn out decayed, putrid
EASY
85
EXERCISE
'Ought' or 'should' in the sense of 'ought' is rendered by patut, right, proper, fair, or harus, fitting, meet. . 'Obliged to' is translated colloquially by mi!sti, must. 'Let' is expressed by the verb biar, to allow, or by the use of kasi, to give, or even choba, to try. to fry to boil to pray to die, dead to hide
MADE
ringan tebal nipis° burok busok
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Bawa. to take, to lead at cards. to bring on, to cause. Bawa jabn, to take for a walk, to lead the way. Bawa Iari, to Iun away with. Hawa nasib, to trust to luck. Z. Harus-lala t one would expect it to be. Hams juga, quite likely_ In Indonesia pantas, reasonable, fair, becoming. 3. Boleh pandai, to become clever. Auxiliaries arc frequently employed without a verb but where the verb 'to be', or 'to become', or some other verb is understood. Sudah busok, to have gone bad. 4. Tintu, certainly, is used for the definite 'should'. 5. Da1am, in the act of, as, while. Tlogah, whilst. 6. Kas.i saya, give me to, allow me, let me. 7. Nong, a title held by distant descendants of a prince. 8. Hantar orang mati, to escort a corpse at a funeral. Tanam orang mati, to bury the dead. Tanam, to plant, to bury. Hantar, to accompany, to sec ' off. 9. Choba saya, allow me to try, pennit me, let me. Choba has the force of 'please' in certain sentences. Plnnisi (D.), permission, allow me. Minta plnnisi, to ask leave. 10. Kachang goreng, roasted pea·nuts. Kachang tanah, ground. nuts, pea·nuts. Kachang puteb, chick.peas. 11. Ada ~n~ng or ada tempo (I.), to be at leisure, or unoccupied. T'ada sioang, to have no time, to be busy. 12. Or misti. In Ind on~sia plrJu, obligatory, necessary. 13. Bombay merchants, dealing in cloths and bric·a_brac, are Cujerati-speaking Indians from northern Bomba}". 14. In batik·work the pattern is drawn and then waxed and dyed.
Islamic people (Moslems) ought to pray five times a day, if possible. I should take him home as it is late. Just as you pleasel It is not right at all not to pay one's debts. This kettle is of iron. No wonder it's heavyl You must study and then you will be clever. This has gone bad. Had I known I should not have boiled it this morning. In cutting onions let the pieces o he thin, not thick. Is it proper thatO whilst I was hiding he should come and search for me? It would ~ as well to let me replace that rotten plank 6rst, Nong. You are not fair not shOwing it to Mistress Som. Let me know when the funeral is going to be, Let me see whether it's light or heavy. Please be quiet a moment and let them think. Fried pea-nuts must be hot with someO salt added. When you've time we must go to the Bombay shop and buy a batik sarong.
Orang Islam patut si!mba~ yang lima waktu pada sahari, jib boleh. Saya patut hawa din pulang l si!hab sudah lambat_ Suka hati-Iah! ta' Ta'patut sakaIi-kaii bayar ·hutang. Ketel e ini buat daripada best Hams_lab Z beratl Engkau m~ti belajar bam bolehs pandai. Ini sudah busok:' Kalau saya tahu ti!ntu 4 saya ta' ri!bus pagi tadi. Potong hawang biar-lab nipis, jangan ti!bal. . Ada-kah patut dalamli saya si!mbunyi dia datang chari saya? . Baik kasi saya6 ganti papan burok itu. Ii!beh dulu, Nong.? Engleau ta'patut ta'tunjok kapada Che' Som. Kasi saya tabu bila mau hantar orang mati.s Choba saya9 tengok ringan atau bi!rat. Choba9 diam sa-ki!jap biar dia orang poor. Kachang goreng lO mi!sti panas, taroh garam. Ada si!nang l l kita mem. u pi!rgi ka-kedai Bombapa beli kain batek.14
86
MALAY
M A DE
EASY
LESSON 43
The Degrees of Comparison. There is no alteration in the termination of either adjectives or adverbs u nder comparison. The comparative can be form ed as in English by the used of the adverbs li!bch, or Jagi, more, and kurang, less, prefixed to the adjective and followed, if required, by the preposition dari, than, from. It may also be formed by placing the adjective first, before the objects to be compared, and by putting the object with which the comparison is made in the ablative case by the use of dari or preferably daripada, than. The superlative is formed in the same way as the comparative by making a comparison of universal application or by using intensitive adverbs such as sakali, very, most, terlampau, excessively, and tm-Iebch, most. By the employment of the relative pronoun, yang, that which, corresponding to ' the' before the adjective-except when the latter is placed first in the sentence-a greater degree of emphasis is obtained. VOCABULARY rambut hair of the head badan a body kolit skin; bark mulut a moutll hidong a nose lidah a tongue muka a face a tooth gigi t~lingn· hair, wool, f!J r, an ear bulu feathers NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Comparison of equality is obtained by the use of $3.1113 . the same (often shortened to sa), with or without dengau. Sam3 bisar dlngan illi or $:I·bls:n ini, as big as tbis. Sometimes ius t Wsar rumah, as big as a bouse. Z. In comparisons Ilbch precedes the wo rd it qualifies, whereas lagi frequently, though not necessaril y, follows it. 3. Or da ri pm kulit 11mbu m:l hal kulit kamhing, in compa rison with calfsldll , kid is more c)[pensivc. 4. Sa·hahls, the mos t. Tbe superlative absolute can be formed by prefixi ng sa, i.e. sa.boleh.boJeh, to the utmost .. 5. Tn Indon esia Iialing, most, is used to fonn superlatives. Yang paling klchil, the very smallest.
MALAY
MADE
EASY
87
EXERCISE
This wool is finer than the wool over there Which is farther: that island or this, Mahmud? This tobacco is cheaper than the tobacco in that shop at Tanjong Priok. My body is thinner than his, at tho moment. Never mind! Chocolate is as good as coffee. Your hair, Abu Bakar, is even longer than it was the other day. Kid is more costly than calfskin. There is no-one who" walks more slowly than you do. A man's mouth is not so pretty as a woman's. That Bandoeng woman's face is the sweetest of all. Tllis Chinese dentist is the cleverest of the lot. As to sugar, brown sugar is the very sweetest, (Mrs.) Khadijah. Amongst them all (Miss) Esah's ears are the smallest. Talking of noses, Dollah's is the largest by far. Isn't it? If you would like to know, a sole is the most expensive fish at this time.
Bulu karnbing ini I ~beh bngus dari bulu sanu. Mana jauh: pulau itu atau pulau ini, Mahmud? Murah tcmbakau ini danpada tembakau di-kMaj Tanjong Pcriok ihl. Kurus badan saya dari badan dia, tempoh in;. Ta' usah! Chokelate sarna baik dcngan l kopi. Rambut Abu Bakar 1~heh2 panjnng Iagi dari kelmarin. Kulit kambing Jagi2 mahal dnril' kulit lembu. T'nda-Iall sa-orang ~rjalan lambat Ingfl dari i!ngkau. Mulut jantan kurang chan· tck dari mulut hi!tina. Manis muka perl!mpuan Bandong itu dari semua. Tukang gigi China ini pandai daripada seroua. Pasal gula, gula merah-Iah sa- h abis~ manis, Che' Khadijah (Tijah). Dalam dia orang si!mua telinga Chc' Esab-Iah yang k/X:hil sakali.' Chakap daripada hidong, Dollah punya yan,:!; leheh hi!sar sakali. Ya, tidak? Kalau mau tah" ikan ]idahlah ikan yang t~I'Ii!beh mahsl pads masa ini.
88
MALAY MADE EA SY
MALAY MADE EASY
LESSON 44 Reflexive Pronouns and the Pronominal Suffix nya, its, Reflexive pronouns are formed by the addition of sbdiri, self, to .t he personal pronouns. The contracted form diri is also in use in certain cases, more especially in verbal combinations or before a pronoun. Sendiri, own, may also be added to a noun and if the context is clear the personal pronoun to which it refers may be omitted. The possessive pronoun nya derived from dia, his, etc., is inseparable from and follows the word it quali6.es.
VOCABULARY a needle thread a rope, string
a chain a nail, a spike
jarum hl!nang tali rnntai palm
a stick, a prop an umbreUa a mirror a comb scissors
longkat payong
cMnnin· sileatO gunting
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Diri saya, myself. Diri sendiri, oneself. Dalam dm, to oneself, inwardly. MWD din, to corrode, to decay. 2. Yang, who, whIch, is often inserted between a noun and its adjectival attribute, especially if there i~ more than one. 3. Sa-orang did or OI"1lDg slndiri (I.), alone, by onself. ... In Indonesia sikat. a brush, to brush, and sUir, a comb. 5. Chlrmin, picture or window glass. Chlrmin mab, spectacles, Chlrmin mub, a looking·glass. In Indonesia kacha. glass, replaces cbfnnin. Kacba mat:! (I.), eye·glasses, specs. 6. NYli. his, hen, its, their, is often used "for emphasis alone or to clarify the subject or to C1e:;Jte a noun from an adjective 01 to introduce impersonal expressions. Bia$.a·oyll. it's customary. Sa·kin.· Dyli. in case. Diri·n}'ll, himself, etc. DaIam·oya, the dep th . 7. Kbe', a Kheh or Hakka. a race from the highlands of Southern China. who lvark in lvf3laya as mining coolies. 8. Burok, shabby, plain, ugly. Jilek (t .), bad, ugly. 9. Nyll i! employed idiomatically in the objective case with the particle eli in passive constructions to mcan 'by him', etc., when there is no emphasis on the agent.
89
EXERCISE
YOu can light the gas yourself, Ibrahim. He must look for a needle and thread himself. We ourselves never use a wa1k:ing-stick. They themselves don't want to await a reply. I want to buy an umbrella for myself. The big one. That watch-chain is the jeweller's very owo. 1.be large and fat watchmaker was laughing just now by himself. Those hair-brushes are your own, Sir, This morning I got on my own horse that arrived yesterday. This looking-glass is Miss Cayah's own. The rope is worn out; tell the Boyanese groom to replace it himself. Usually when I go ~p she sits combing herself. A Chinese of the Kbeh race is sitting in the dark and keeping quiet. What elsel Of course it will be ugly should you cut your own hair. Its nails are corroded; he has examined them and they can't be used again.
Ibrahim boleh pasang Bpi gas sthtdiri, Dia m&ti chari jnrum dan bmang si!ndiri. Kita sthtdiri ta'pi!rnah pakai tongkat. Dia orang sendiri ta'mau nanti jawab. Saya mau b ~li payong bagi diri saya. 1 Yang bf!sar, Rantai jam itu tukang mas sbldiri punya. Tukang jam yang! bf!sar lagi gi!mok t&tawa tadi sa-orang diri.a Bi!rus t rambut itu Tuan punya smdiri. Pagi taw saya naik kuda sendiri yang~ sampai kelmarin. Chi!rmin muka~ ini Enche' Cayah punya sendiri. Tali_nyaG sudah burok; surob sais Boyan s~ndiri ganti Jain. Biasa-nya' bila saya naik dia dudok sikat diri. . Sa·orang China bangsa Khe'7 ada dudok dalam gelap dan diam diri.nya' . Apa lagi! Ti!ntu·lah burolcA ka1au sa-kira·nya' gunting rambut diri. Paku-nya' sudah makan diri1; 'dah di·p&eksa.nya' ta'boleh pakai Jagi.
90
M ALAY
M AD E
EAS Y
MAL A Y
Indefinite Pronouns. The indefi nite p ronouns, some and any, are usually omitted in Malay but when 'some' stands for 'a certain' of things the indefi nite article sa,tll, on,e, is. e mpl oye~. , Apa. what, is used to ~ean ~yt!Un~. of a~y kll~d. and harnng, things, stands for some or any, especially In combination with other pronouns. Orang, a person, includes people, persons, and 'one' or 'someone' in the sense of a person. Each, of persons is musing-masing, whilst tiap-tiap, each, every, refers to time and things as well as persons. S~lang or lat, at intervals, every other.
VOCABUu..RY a a a a a
bell wheel hoe basket colour
a a a a a
bucket hole jar, a tub fan bench, a stool
EA S Y
91
EXERCISE
LESSON 45
locheng roda changkulO bakul° wama
MAD E
baldi O lohang tong kipas bangku
NOTES ON EXERCISE I . Baraqg, SOlne, i.e. about SMoot, some, i.e. a litt.l~. 2 To avoid emphasis pronouns may follow the aUl(lilary. 3: Cub Mlbka or gub ,awa (I.), jagger}'. Cub Malacca ill a S\\-eet of S3go with melted palm.suga r and coconut·cream .. 1. T l ntll, certain to be, must be. Tltap, firm, defimte. 5. Satu apa, anything. Salah satu, one or the other,.a . 6. K:KIi, or Kathi, a registrar of Moslem mamages and an authority on Mohammedan Dlnon Law in Malaya. . 7. Barang si:JPll, anybody. Bara ng lI)la or ~.b:lr:m g, anythmg. Bukan $3·bawl'g, no ordi nary. Barallg h I!, some time, perhaps. 8. Laill dariPllda, otherwise than. Mllaillkan, except. 9. Saoon (I.), each, every. Saban hari, every day. . 10. Blrapa b:myak, however much. Urapa patut, whatever's fair. Ta'Wra pa, not to any extent, not very. S:I·birapa, as mueh as, as many as. . II . Pasal or plrk::na, a ma tter, an :llbir. Hal, things, Circumstances. DarihaJ, CQnCffI\ing. 12. SlH)rang b', no one. T'ada si:lp:l, nobody. 13. B.birapa, some, SC'o'eral, a quantity; however much.
About two pounds of saus· ages are enough. I'll get them. Is there any palm-sugar? Moth~ wants some. Upon a certain d ay I was digging a hole, There must be a reason, (Miss) Futeh, why you don't want to marry. There is not any kind of reason. I just don't want to, (Mr.) Kathi. Whatever there is will do. There is nothing, Sir. Whoever puts: feathers any· where o except in the bin will get into trouble. Whatever Madam wants-is all in the shop. Rubbishl a watcr jar, baskets or a bucket, there isn't one of them. o Whatever is that incessant noise- a bell perhaps? Some folks like a red--coloured wheel. others don't. Each person has his own desires. Every .verandah has a stool to sit upon. However many matters he settles, every other day more people come. No one wants a fan at intervals of every few feet.
Barang' dua paun sosise ada chukup. Nanti saya!! ambil. Ada gula Melaka 3? Male mau sildikit. ' Pada satu han saya ada changkul lobang. Tt!ntu t saknli ada satu sebab yang Cho' Puteh ta'mau kawin. Tada satu apali pasa!. Saya l'a' mau saja, Tuan Kathi.e Apa ada jaw ·lah. T'ada satu apa, Tuan. Barang siapa1 taroh buIu daIam lain daripada8 tong nanti kena susah. Barang apn7 Mem mausemun ada dekat kedai, Bohong-Iah! tong ayer, bakul atau baldi, satu (pun) t'ada. Bising apa ta'berhenti itu -locheng barangkaIF? Ada orang suka roda warna merah lain tidak. Masing-masing ornng ada dia punya mau. Tiap--tinp' bi!randa ada bangku tilmpat dudok. B~apa banyak10 pasaI ll dia kasi habis, lat satu hari lagi orang datang. Sa-orang ta'manU 1cipas selang beberapal l kaki.
92
MALAY
MADE
MALAY
EASY
Descriptive Classifiers.
Concrete objects when qua1ified by numerals require a classifier immediately followin~ the numeral This corresponds to the EnglIsh usage in such phrases as 'n grain of com', 'two bead of cattJe', 'a roll of cloth', Class Descriptive Classifier animals, birds, insects, fisb ekor a tail books, boxes, furniture, ships, buah a fruit, a large houses, carriages. countries bulky object fruit, eggs, plates, stones biji a seed. a pip paper. clothes, mats, leaves, Mlai a thin sheet hair. feathers or lai trees, poles, cigarettes, teeth batang a stem a bit, fragment; a slice, piece klping a flat piece a pair, a suit pasang a couple human beings orang a person VOCABULARY ~paya
kltapa pisang
limau· Danas
roof, thatch sap. rubber a coral reef a forest, wild a mosquito
EASY
93
EXERCISE
LESSON 46
a paw·paw a coconut a banana an orange, a lime a pineapple
MADE
atap
gttahkarang hutan nyamok
NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Both numeral and cla~ifier precede the noun unless there is any emphasis on the number, when they foJlow. l. J'rok: (I.). citrus fruits. Buah precedes fruit names. ~. SilEat or mil (I .), a bunch Of 'hand' of bananas. ... Or sam.pan kolak, a Chinese sampan. Kotak, a locker, a pigeon-hole, a small box. Toako, a Chinese lighter. S. No classifier is fequired with indefinite numbers. 6. Nyior, a coconut in northern Malaya. Kllapa kiring, copra. Santan, coconut cream expressed from the meat. 7. Potong, a slice, an item of clothes, a piece of luggage. 8. Atap, palm_thatch. Ruma"h atap, a thatched house. 9. Pintu, a classifier of shophouses. Sa-derd", a row. 10. Sa-pucbok, a classifier of letters or guns. II. Sa·bwan., a 8ock, a herd, a school of fish.
Fry a chicken and a couple Goreng sa-ekorl ayam dan of snapper (red fish). dua ckorl ikan mer-ab. Wait a moment, there is a Nanti duJu, ada sa-ckor mosquito on your ear. nyamok atas tl1linga. Buy six oranges and a bunch BI1Ii buah 2 limau anam biji' of bananas. dan satu sikatB pisang. I hope to sell a sampan Saya harap mau jua! sa. (boat) next month to a bUM sampan"' bulan de-Chinese. pan pada orang China. Unforhmately, three of the Nasib ta"baik, telor tiga biji eggs were bad. sudah busok. . Put some6 ripe Sarawak Taroh nanas Serawak yang pineapples in the basket. masak di-dalam bakul. Two of them will suffice. · Dua biji jadi-lah. There are several hairs on Ada rambut bt!bbapa Iai eli. the dressing-table. mcja che-rmin muka. He owns some coconut. Dia ada sikit pokok nyiorS palms and one hundred dan pokok ge-tah sa-ratus rubber trees in Kelantan. batang di-K~lantan. My front teeth are two short. Gigi de-pan saya kurang dua Which ones? batang. Yang mana? Bring a bamboo rod from Bawa sa-batang bambu dati the forest, Hitam; well fu: hutan, Hitam; kita pasang it on the reef. di-karang. She doesn't care much for Dia ta' ~rapa suka buah p!payo. potong7 k~ing. papayas cut in slices. He rents five thatched Dia sewa rumah at ap8 lima houses in Trengganu. pintuR df.-Tilrmgganu. Father has received a regis· Bapa sudah t~rima surat tered letter from Sarna· rejistftr8 sa-k6ping (Qr sarang. puchok)10 dari Sbnarang. A Chinese, wearing spec- Sa-orang China, pakai ch~r. tades and carrying an min mata dan bawa umbrella, went by just payong sa-batang, la1u tadi now in front of the shop. di-muka toko. Take a pair of Balinese oxen Ambil sa-pasang ltmbu Bali out of that herd. dari sa-kawan l l itu.
94
MA L AY
MADE
EAS Y
LESSON 47 Reduplication. Only prepositions cannot be reduplicated. By repeating a word an indefinite plural is obtained which embraces the various species and actions referred to or may imply lack of special aim in a verb. Both adjectives and adverbs arc often reduplicated for emphasis, which may be rendered by 'very' or 'ever', By duplication descriptive words are fanned which owe
their origin to some resemblance to or characteristic d erived from the parent form. Frequently, only the first consonant of the original word is repeated, followed by the toneless ~ (er) sound. VOCABULARY everywhere rata-rata rata flat, level kaya.kaya very r ich kaya rich tajam-tajam tajam vcrr. sharp sha'P all inds of rupa-rupa .-up. form, appearance hijau-hijau greenish hijau green kayak-koyak kayak in rags to tear to take heed ingat-ingat ingat to remember hidup-hidup all alive hidup alive rasa-rasa an opinion to feel, to taste .as" semut-sbnyt pins and s~mut an ant or sesemtit needles NOTES ON EXERC ISE I . Bdlanda, Dutc11, foreign. Ayer Wlalld~ , soda (I.). 2. Apa ·~p:I, all, whatever, anything, from apa, what. 3. Mana·mana, everywhere, wherever, hom mana, where. 4. B~r:lUg.ly.Jr.lDg, gQOOs articles, bclolliings, luagage . • 5. Buat.buat, to pretend, 'from buat, to do, to make. 6. Satu-satu, one by one. Oua-dua, by t>,\'OS, both. 7. Kira.kin , accounts, reckoning, from kira, to calculate. 8. Kuda.kuda, or kAuda, a trestle, from kuda, a horse. 9. Betul·hetul, the tru th, from Wtul, correct. Reduplicated adverbs of manner are used generally with verbs in the imperative mood. Baik-baik, careful, from baik, good. 10. Bukan·bub n, that doesn't exist, from bubn, not. II. \Vith colours duplication denotes the nnge, i.e. -ish. 12. Indefinite plurals are not used with numerals.
MAL A Y MA D E EASY
95
EXERCISE
There are all kinds of min- Ada macham-macham ayer eral waters in the shop. belanda 1 di-kedai. TIle well-to-do do not like Orang kaya-kaya ta' suka sakali-kali pakai koyak. in the very least dreSSing in rags. koyak. Take heed of all I say aboul lngat-ingat apa_apa2 saya blachan (prawn paste). kata darihal belachan. W herever one goes there is Mana-manaa orang pergi water everywhere, . ada-Iah ayer rata·rata. There are all sorts of goods Ada rupa-ntpa barangin the stores . baran~ dulam gudang. It is my opinion that he is Rasa ·rasa saya dia ada buat· only pretending. buat~ saja. The two Japanese ladies Nesan dua-dua! boleh naile ka·atas sekarang buat can go upstairs now and do the accounts, kira-kira.7 This left hand is aching Tangan sa-belah kiri ini w i.th pins arfd needles. . sakit s
96
M ALAY
M AD E
EAS Y
LESSON 48 Compound Words.
In compound words the attribute follows the subject.· Some compound words are formed by comb ining two salient features to complete the idea of the whole. VOCABULARY
a seal, a stamp. a a covering, a sheath, brand, to print chap a waist-doth sarong pinggang a hoop, a bracelet g~ lang a waist an artificial pond kolam· a Snger jari a ghost, a spirit bantu a neck lcher a fetter, handcuff pasong a mat tiknr ' NOTES ON EXERCISE l. SalOng kaki or bus bki (I.), a sock. Sarong tangan, a glove. Sarong jan, a thimble. Sarong SUGlt , an cII\'elope. 2. GIlI~ ng kaki. an anklet. GIIang langan, a bracelet. 3. Or s:l-fupa, like, alike, similar, from rupa, shape, looks, Sa·rupa tOOl or macllam tadi. the same as just now. -t. Or bin lara r, saikloth . Larar, a sail. 5. Mata-mab, a policeman. In Indoneisa, a de tective. 6. Or baLli, a pavilion, a hall, a police-station. 7. Kfoduri, a semi-religious feast o'f commemoration, etc. 8. Or si m~ti, the deceased. Si. the, ~ demonstrative prefix applied familiarly to persons. Si tna, 't he old man'. Si anu, so-and·so. Anu, such-lmd·5uch. 9. Buah pinggang, (li t. ) the frui t of the waist, a kid ney. 10. Jngat, to recall, to recollect, to think. II. luupang (fmpang), an impounding d am, a reservoir. n . Or rom3h setlll ( t), a Masonic Lodge. Shaitan (scbn), Satan, the Devil. Iblis, t he fiend . 13. Bub, to undo, to undress, to take off clothes or a hat. H . Tali, any cord-like object. Tali leber, a tie. Tali slluar, bTllce5. T ill pinggang, or ib t pina:gaIl8, a waist belt. H . Ayer mata, a tear, but mata lIyer, a source of water. 16. Or butan brang, a 'forest reserve. Larang, to forbid. 17. A1:I ta bari, (lit. ) the eye of the day, the sun. 18. Or korek api, matches, from korek, to bore, to dig out. 19. Chap, a trade mark, a 'chop', the name or style of a Chinese finn. Chap bi.lI8an or chap jari, finger-prints.
MA' LAY
MADE
E ASY
97
EXERC ISE
Lost in the train- a pair of brand new white socks. Is that so? A tall nnd handsome woman wearing anklP,ts of the same type as these. When you sew canvas cloth you had better put on a thimble, Nyonya. The lorry driver's licence ahd .Gnger-prints are with the police at the station. The Malays are holding a kenduri (feast) to·niclIt. The deceased was suffering from kidney trouble. I think the reservoir is in the Botanical Gardens. Which one is the Masonic ~dge? By the Town Hall, SIr. Take off your n€ICktie and put it on top of the bed. My parents' tears fell con· tinuously. That is the old man's spring in the forest reserve. O ur relations keep a whole lot of poultry on their rubber plantation. P'ack that crockery in the empty cart. Taka out the bedding (native style) and put it in the heat of the sun, Bee. Buy a box of H and·brand . matches in the hotel.
Hilang di.k6reta api, sapasang sarong kaki1 puteh yang bam. Ya.kah? Sa-orang p!r~puan yang tinggi lagi chimtek pakai gl!lang ka1ci t macham' iN. Apabila jahit kain· kenbis& l ~beh baik pnkai sarong jan,l Nyonyah. Laiseue bawa lorie dan chap jan ada sarna mata-mata' di-nunah pasongG (balai). Orang Ml!layu ada buat kmdurF malam slkarang. Orang mati 8 itu saldt bush pinggang.' Saya ingatlO kolam ayerl l ada dj -k~bun bunga. Mana satu rwnah hantup12 Dekat balai bnndnr, Tuan. Bukaa tali leheru taroh eliatas tmpat tidor. Ayer matal~ msk bapa saya turu.n s~lalu. ltu-lab mata ayert~ siS tua di·dalam hutan simpan.18 Saudara kita simpan ayam itek banysk·banyak di. ki!hun gMah.nya. Simpan pinggan mangkok itu dalam kheta kosong. Bawa keiuar tikar banta! taroh dalam panas mata hari,a Bi{1) (Bibi). Bell sa·kotak machis18 chap!' tangan di·rumah ma1can.
98
MALAY
MALAY MADE EASY
MADE EASY
EXERCISE
LESSON 49 Formation of Nouns by Affixation. Derivative nouns are mainly from verbal roots. Firstly, those form ed from the prefix pi! and. its modifl· cations which generally denote the agent or Instrument. Secondly, those formed from the suffix an de~oting the result of the action or the action itseU; also the LDStrument or thing on which an action is performed. Thirdly. those formed from the p refix pi! and the suffix an which denote a quality related to the root word. Fourthly, those fonned from the prenx kl and the suffix an denoting a state or condition. EXAMPLES an author pengnrang karang to compose a thief penchuri churl to steal a disease . p~nyakit sakit to be ill food rnakanan maknn to eat writing tulisan tulis to writ~ occupation pi!k~rjnan k~rja to work feelings pet-asaan to feel government kilrajaan raja a king cleverness Upandaian pandai c1ev.. a crime L:esa1ahan salah wrong
,as,
NOTES ON EXERC ISE I . PI is modified following the rules for Dul. (Lesson 50.) 2. That which is worn, from pakai, to wear. . 3. Or sapu (I.), a broom. Plnyapu lidi, a twig·broom. Lidi, a palm.leaf rib. Bulu ayam, a feather duster. i . IGmlllgan, a composition, that which has been put together. Pubr.m, a windlass, th~t which rotates. 5. b ·itu, namdy. la.lah, that is. 6. Kl, prefixed to a cardinal number and preceded by yang, that which, creates an ordinal except for yang plrtama, the first. Pl rtama, firstly, first of all. Used ad jectivally ordinals follow the word tlley qualify. Yang kfd u3, tIle second. Kfdua, botll, secondly. Kl ti8a. the three, all three. Fractions can be formed by prefixing plr to the ordinal ~g. th ree.fourths, tiga plrampat. 7. A few ·'" the prefix U . KIUndak, a wish. pir plus an also fonns nouns. 8. The verba
99
,,
Pmgarang1 buku ni, ikut pakaian 3 -nya, orang Menila. P~nchuri senapang sudah kenn tangkap di-Ambun. Kolera e itu satu ¢nyakit yang amat jahat. Bawa ~nyapu3 sapu k~luar kotor ini, Mansor. Saya ~akit tadi s6bab makan makanan tabaik. Ada banyak bangsn ikall dalam lautan. Tulisan-n ya ta'chantek dan karangan 4 _nya ta'pakai. Di-Ubun Wi ada dua tigapuloh macham buoh. buaJlon. Di-Iarang masok. Apa pekb'jaan Tuan (or Mastar) di-Medan dolu? Saya buka hotel }epun. Pada ~rasaan saya buatan-o ya kurang baik. Engkau mesti ikut hukum k&ajaan. K~daian orang Eropah banyak betul ia-itu~ ambit dati pokok minyak nipah. Saya tabb'apa ingat apa k~ alahan orang salah yang kMua.' was. y.mg pt'!rtama,' In the first place, he de- Pasal keMndak1 -nya nak chari sires to look for a windlass, putaran,· Abdullah. Abdullah. We want to see a ronggeng Kitn mau tengok p(!rmainan8 ronggeng ini malam. (dance) show to-night.
The author of this book, by his clothes. is a Filipino. The gun thief has been arrested in Amboyna. Cholera is an extremely malignant disease. Bring a broom and sweep out this ,filth, Mansoor. I was ill just now through eating some bad food. There are many kinds of fish in the ocean. H is writing is ugly and the composition useless. In this plantation there are twenty or thirty kinds of fruit. No admittance. What was your business in Medan, Sir (or Master)? I ran a Japanese hotel. It seems to me that it's poorly made. You must obey the government's orders The cleverness of Europeans is great, indeed, i. e. getting oil (fuel) from the nipah-palm. I don't quite remember what the second accused's crime
100
MALAY
MADE EASY
LESSON 50 Derivative Verbs.
Derivative verbs are fonned from verbal roots and other parts of speech by the use of affixes. (Page 102.) The prefix me with its modifications, expresses an action and is used to form verbs from olher parts of speech, as well as to affix to verbs in composition and in polite conversation but seldom in the coDoquial. The prefix bE!r when added to a word expresses a state or condition and forms an intransitive verb, or a verbal adjective meaning 'having' or ·possessing'. The prefix ter to a verb denotes a past participle or a completed action with often a hint of the accidental. The prefix per creates causative verbs often with kan. The suffix kan-derived from akan, to, towards, creates transitive verbs out of nouns, adjectives and intransitive verbs, and may also be added to a transitive one. EXAMPLES
a hom to rub to fold a beard a root to extinguish to poUT to teach strong a noise
tandok gosok lipat janggut akar padam luang ajar kuat bunyi
mennndok mE!nggosok
to gore to rub down ~rlipat to be in folds bm-janggut bearded having roots bt!rakar extinguished tt'!:rpadam powed out tertuang ajarkan to instruct m6nguatkan to strengthen bunyikan to sound
NOTES ON EXERCISE I . Bl r can also imply repctition and whcn I)rcfixcd to :l llulUcral or fc.duplicated 1I0\ln me1 ns 'in', Bfribu, in thousands (81 only before an initial f). IUrdua. in N"05. llit:mg bl"rtiga, to come in a party of three. 8crlip;lt·li~t, in folds. 2. iCaJl may be uscd with the root form in thc imperative. 3. Plrhabis, to fi nish off. Pfrhati, to notice. 4. The suffix i is occasionally mct with an1'l turns nouns and adjectives into transitive verbs, c.g. plrbai1o:i, to makc good . It is sometimes intcrchangeablc witll 1o:3n, but ill olhcr cascs it altcrs the Ineaning. l\1:engubat U Il, or meugubati, to doctor. Mfnjalanbn, to start up, but mlnjaiani, to travel over.
MALAY
MADE
EA~Y
101
EXERCISE
That bull is given to goring people, Said. The syce is going to go and rub down the horse. Send this handkerchief back nicely folded. He is not very old yet but he has a beard. Look for young wild plants that have roots. He owes me thousands of dollars still. The wind was exceedingly strong, and so all the lamps were blown out. Water poured out if not drunk will be wasted. Teach him to become a hairdresser like yourself. As you like. This medicine will strengthen the body. Drink it up. Observe carefully how he writes a letter in Jawi. Sound the bell louder; it has been mended. At the time you came, brother Haron, J had begun to shave myself. A person just after childbirth cannot work at starting up an engine. The Doctor has gone off to treat some people in their homes.
Umbu jantan itu biasa mtnnndok orang, Said. Sais mau pergi menggosok kuda nanti. Kirim sapu tangan ini balek berlipat baile·baile. Dia belum Mrapa tua lagi tetapi sudah berjanggut. Chari aDak pokok hutan yang sudah berakar. Dia berhutang beribu-ribut ringgit Jagi kapada aku. Angin telampau kuat. rnenjadi semua lampu sudnh terpadam. Ayer tl!rluang kalau ta' minulJl t6rbuang. Ajarkan 2 dia jadi tukang gooting rambut macham diri sendiri. 'Mana suka. Ubat ini akan menguatkan hadan. Minum plrhabis.' P&hatikanS bagaimana ia menulis surat Jawi. Bunyikan locheng koat lagi; sudah di_pttbailci,4 Pada waktu abang Hamm datang saya sudah mulai ~rchukor.
Orang baru lepas beranak ta' boleh bikerja minjalankan4 eoji.o.
Tuan Doktor sudah bi!rjalnn mengubati 4 orang di-rumah-nya.
IOZ
MALAY
MADE
EASY
THE ME, PER AND BER PREFIXES The verbal prefix ml changes for the sake of euphon y according to the initial letter of the root word. M6 remains me before 1, m, n, ny, or r. Mi! becomes mem before h, or p, dropping p. Mt'! becomes nren before ch, d, i, or t, dropping t. Me becomes meng before a vowel, or g. h, k, dropping k. Me becomes meny before s, dropping s. As the appropriate modification is invariably 'used, the root form of a roll derivative is usually obvious. A few common verbs are always found in the derived form. but the root may be in use as well, i.e.: m~nangis, to cry. and also nangis, to weep. from tangis. mertari, to dance, h om tari; tari-menan, dancing. In the case of re-duplicated verbs, where the meaning is generalized or reciprocal, me is affixed to the second half, i.e. bacha-membacha, reading, or pukul-mbnuku1, to exchange blows, hut mimbacha·bacha means 'just' reading and m~nllngis-nangis, 'continual' crying. M~ derivatives are usually transitive verbs, which can be regarded as being in the infinitive mood or as baving participial force. They are never used in the imperative mood nor in the passive voice. A considerable number of verbal roots do not take the m~ prefix at all, but usage is the on1y guide. Both the transitive suffixes kan and i may be affixed to m6 derivatives, more especially when these latter are formed from parts of speech other than verbs. The pre6x per, plus the suffi x kan or i, is applied to some root words to form transitive verbs which may then become m(! derivatives. especially in literature. , P~rbaiki, or mmtperbaiki. to mend, to improve. P(!ranakkan, or mbnperanakkan, to beget young . . The prefix bf!r with a verb implies that the subject per~ fo rms the action himself or upon himself, the derivative being an infinitive or a present participle. B~chukor, to shave oneself; iK!rchampor, mixing. Bf!r, prefixed to a noun, forms an intransitive verb. B~rkampong, to assemble; ~rguna, to he of use.
MALAY
MADE
EASY
103
TIlE ME AND PE DERIV ATlVES
•
A TABLE OF MODIFICATIONS
to forget lupa meJ.upakan ~I upa forgetful to drink minum mlminum pmiinum a drunkard to advise nasiliat mmasihat ~nasihat an adviser to sing nyanyi mmyanyi penyanyil a minstrel to pirate rompak m6rompak ~rompak a pirate m(!mbuat p6rbuatan2 act, deed to do buat to hit pukul mlmukul pt!mukul a hammer to steal churl m6nchuri pm.churi a thief to sit dudok m~ndudok plndudok inhabitant to sell jual mmjual p6:ljuaI a salesman to write tulis m6nulis p(!nulis a writer to teach ajar mmgajar plngajarA . an instructor to spell eja m6ngeja ejaan4 spelling to tie ileat mtngikat p(!ngikat a bond to treat ohat m~ngobati ptngooot a balm mmgukor ukoran4 measurement to measure ulcor to dig gali m~nggali p6nggali a spade to escort hantu m~ nghantar ptnghantar a guide to dirty lrotor m~ngotorkan p(!ngotor untidy to sweep sapu mmyapu pmyapu a broom NOTES
"
1. Tukang Dyanyi, a singer. PI derivatives denoting the agent or instrument are often replaced by natUial nouns or compounds, whilst the verbal fonn may sbnd both for the implement and the work it performs, i.e. sapu, a broom. 2. The prefix plr, with or without the suffilt an, fonns nouns, which, if from verbal roots, denote the resultant of the action named. and if from other parts of speech, denote a quality associated with the root word. Plm5:ilp, a censer. 3. The prefilt pi, with or without the suffilt an, involves the use of modifications to the initial letter of the root word, e.g. plngajamn, teaching, instruction; but pliajanm, knowledge, from bliajar, to learn . 4. The luffilt an crates both nou ns and adjectives. e.g. ta1i ukOCID . a b pe·measure; orang paoggiian, a guest. It can be suffixed to a 1l0UD to create another conbining some resemblance to the fint, e.g. rambutan, a shaggy fruit, from rambut, hair, and if added to re.duplicated words indicates the whole dan or range, e.g. buah·buaun, all sorts of fruit.
104
MALAY
MADE
MALAY MADE
EASY
Like plates and dishes dashing at the slightest lack of care-The continual bickerings of an ill-assorted pair. Bagai pinggan dengan mangkok, salah sl!dikit hl!ndak
(Extracts from 'Malay Pautuns', by A. W. Hamilton.)
•
t~rantok.
The onlooker may be in his most sympathetic state, But the shoulder 'neath the burden is the one to feel the weight. B~apa b&-at mata ml!manclang bl!rat juga bahu mmillrul. There is fine as well as wet: Some day I'll get even yet. Ada hujan ada panas, ada hari boteh balas. To sit like a frog 'neath a coconut shellThe smug stay-at-homes who in ignorance dwell. Se~rti katak di-bawah tbnpurong. Were there no breeze the trees would not quiverBut for a fire there is no smoke soever. Kalan tiada angin ta' akan pokok ~rgoyang. A debt of gold we can repay; Kindness indebts till OUf dying day. Hutang mas boleh di-bayar, hutang budi di·bawa mati. Pleasure 6rst with pain to followSinful joys which lead to SOITOW. SMap dabulu sakit kem.udian. Where do ants die but in sugar?Men risk ruin for their pleasure. Di-mana semut mati kalau tidak dalam gula? NOTE; Terantok, to clash . Bahu, a shoulder. Kabk, a frog. Tempurong, a coconut·shell. Goyang, to shake. Budi, kindness. Sldap, pleasant.
105
MALAY QUATRAINS
MALAY PROVERBS (Extracts 'from 'Malay Proverbs', by A. W, Hamilton ,)
EASY
•
•
.'
LOVE'S COMMENCEMENT Whence the dove on outstretched pinion? From the swamp to 6elds apart. Whence the dawn of love's dominion? From the eye it 6res the heart. Dari mana punai melayang? Dati paya turun ka.,padi. Dari mana datang sayang? Dari mata turon ka-hati. HOPE SURPASSING However high the palm . tree stretches, Higher still is smoke of fire. However high Mount Ophir reaches, Higher still my heart's desire, Berapa tinggi puchok pinang, Tinggi lagi asap api. Berapa tinggi Gunong Ledang, Tinggi lagi harap hnti. DEPARTED DAYS On Penang's isle the town is new, Where Captain Light was harbour-master, Pass not the old times in review, Lest welling tears bl;lt How the faster. Pulau Pinang bandar-nya barn, Kapitan Light menjadi shahbandar. Jangan di-kenang zaman dulu, Dudok mengalir ayer mata. NOTES; I. Pantnn, a quatrain consisting of two coupitts, the latter of which com'e}'S tlle meaning, wh ilst the former "forms a foil or suggestive setting. 2. Punai, the green pigeon. ' Mllayang, to float down. Paya, a swamp. Puchok, leaf tips. Gunong, a mountain. Kllnang, to dwell upon. Zaman, a period. Ml"ngalir, to flow.
106
MALAY
SYLLABIC VOCABULARY C = Chinese; 0 = Dutch; E = English; H = Hindustani; J = Indonesian; J = Java nese; P = Portuguese.
basket
bo kh
,bo~
'0
according accoun t accustomed
,cl"
kin hi.
SolI
-
51 bI lllIl,
""'"
"
i kut
sa kit
tun 00b pfr ka fa
"'d affair affection afraid after
.
,w
•
..
ta kot
I, pu
.!u bis
(later)
I.
"" (nex t) afternoon
J.
aga iu
'g' .go
hi Ia kana
~"
Jail
April, D. An b areca·n ut arm (fore)
jan ji hi dup
51 mu a 51 aa 1a 51 ka Ii an
" " allow
uri
" (let) almost alone already although 1. a1""";;'5 Americ:om among
bi I f !urn pit
.... nna ru "'b
SUlli aoll·pun
mls ki·pun 51 la lu a me ri un di·tl", ah daD, wa =~h
bin a tana ka cbau
, nb
"na ..
b ng kap
tu hng. ju ru ~ik
,,'
"= .,..ta
"
"""
'u
as l.: 'for
au gus tus ja sa
B
,.
.... E.D.
....,' ",, "
ball, P. bamboo, H. bana na bantle boIn , E.D.
"'''' " ,k
",=1
rosin
•
min
August, D. awake
,." (putrid )
~me
sam pal
artisan ascend ashamed
bacon, E .O . bad (wicked)
pu kul chan tck f:a 5:11, pa sal (reason) .. ..b Urana
k. Ii lin&
,=, an i,'c
.., k
b han
beautiful because
pi naD&:
around
bah)", E .O .
" (bathing bath place) (bilk) D . b'" " IIll1n di bathe b:i tek batik ",=, P' od,'" bo bchaDi:
"". "", "",
$I mut ru P' 'P riI
appearllllCC
udi
,11
angry animal annoy
au kl mu di an
u mor
agreement alh'e
,.d
k~(u)di
ano tller( mo re) 13 ,i (different) bin " ja WliIIb answer
..,
bdi bi Ia kani be kin, spek ja hat jl lek bu sok bek, las
..
"'m
bu pi sang
g. . . . .
benk, bank
....
tong ung
ku lit mang kok
Note.-Letten in brackets are omitted i. speech.
I.
bed (sleeping' place) be(h pread, D. bee r, E.O . before {fronl} (formerly) bet in be ind believe bell, C. below
bolt " (waist) bench, P . beside betel·leaf be tween
"tim'" bob
ba kol kI no jaDe tim pat·man di
A able
107
VOCABULARY
EASY
MADE
be ....;re
•
1.
b~'clc, E.
D.
big' b ill " (reckoning)
ka r' na ja di
tam paMi dot slprai biT dl pan d (ah)u lu mil
Iai
blla bni pir cha ya 10 cheng
'" ~h ta Ii· ping gang bani 1m sa·hi lah si reh di.Ung ah an tao ra ja sa a ti-a Ii bai si kal 56 pc da hi", ki I'll rek en ing
D. b ird biscuit, E. M .M .!:.- 9
hu ron£; his kot
biscuit, D. (crisp)
bite"
gi ,it pa (h)it hi tam $I Ii Dlut
bitter black blanket """ d boo, .. (sh ip's) D. boatswain, H.
D.
body" boil
" (water)
~k, E.D. ~m
p.
borrow bottle, E. bottom
howl bo,
.
~y
'" $;1 mP"p.m W' ito chi
01 =,
"'" =u
'" "'. r' bus
(bubble)
~t
his knit U w poll.
i=' D.
Olin dj deb rna salt
bu ku su rat, ki tab. ka sut 51 pI tu Ia hir pin jam ho tol .. ~h mang kok pi"
ko tak d~
hu dak ,,(servan t) E .D. boy. jong os. ,,(young) P. sin yo bracelet &1 lani brand, H . chap brave hi ra ni hread, H . to ti b",k pi chah ",bb " (in two) " (0'[ rope) pu tus bright til rang bring ba ""a b= d Ie bar broker, E. hi ro kar D. rna U la~ br;,'t h er (elder) a bani (Tamil)
H.
J.
....
"'""' '
108
VOCABULARY
brother (younger) a del: " (Tamil) bm .. brush, E. hi ... I. si kat " H. buckd, bal di
D.
·buHd
om be< i kat sa m seng ba kar
bully
bum
",'" E. bus,
"
hm
business b" butter, P. button, E.
..
b"
= m
kff ja
ti ta pi mIn te aa hu tang lean china: bI Ii
(bolt)
by
o leh, dek
C cabbage, E.D . c:abin, E .D.
cabobs, cake
.
J.
E.
calculate
"'''
camera
D.
a~' (able) I.
ko bis, kol ke bin, hut
u"
,,'
ki ra
pana-
gil
pi ti-gam hcJr
1ro ""
bul'"
hi sa ~~d1e Ii lin ko lek ko pi ah (Mala y) song kok tan jong apb in, E. kap taD D. kapi ten card, ED. kat, kal tu care (heed) pi du Ii J. plr du Ii ca;riage (ca rt) kI re ta (gig) beD di (pony) I . sa do
"'"" "'P.. "P'
...
cony
" (on sh oulder)
-case (court)
.
E.
"'~ pi kul hi cha ,~
Jl1
cinema ~
wang-tu nai
" D. " cashier, D.
kon tan ka sir
,,'
•
1m china:
catch cattle ""ty
""~ .. .
tallg kap Mm h u bti pa sal, & sal
. "'''
(r~son)
ceiling, E.
"
si linK
pb
D.
cement, KO. cen t, E.O. centre
fOD
si men, 54 men
,
·, ' '.
P.
chetty, H. chicken child chilli " (peppers)
" J.
se
10D
..... .,.,...
nn tai U IU si
sam pin tu kar
rn,
• JI,
-
rnb
ke ju che ti
a oak chi Ii, la cia
cha bai 10m bo.
chimney, E. chim oj (lamp) D . gIaS-lam po Chinese chi na C. ti ong.ho a (doctor) ~" ~ chocolate, R.D. cbo ki lat cholera, E.D. ko Ie ra chopper pa faD,i Christian, E. kris ti an D. his ten Christmas, E. kis mis church, p . gl re ia cigar, E .D. si gar (cheroot) chi rot
T
·
", <
...
. ..
..
.... I. ciga rette
E .D .
"rutu kok si g.l ret TO
b.J,""
clear
tl rang
clerk, H . J.
klraoi iu m otu lis pan dai
cle'~er
" climb
pm
j.
clock
.
J.
cloth d Olnes club, E. " (society) D . coachman, H .
tofn tu
Ceylonese . chain chair chalk champagne, ED. cha nge
W2 12ng-
,,(pictures) gamba, " (hioscope) D. bio skop circumstances hal hi sing clamour class, E.D. ke las
clean
= Mng ah
certain
"''''P cheese,
hdl
....
",h(ready)
109
VOCABULARY
D.
"'".
D.
coconut
..
(cream) coffee, E .D .
. J. collar, ED. colour comb
. ..
",m,
• Z-
I.
consul, E.D.
correct
"Hul bar K3
",,' couch, E. " counb'y
Ion cheug
crossroad
tty
.yo hu kum
urn ""
ko m.i. Ii b ~. kOm pi ni chu kUp
" """
tin talll da ri hal kon sol
bus
(bench ) I. " count
h in
si kat si sir da tana: =ri thbit
ku Ii
ka romg
""" coverlet crime
pa hi an U lab SOl sais ku sir ba jll j.. U La pa uyi or sa n tan ko pi. sI jok ding in ko hr, kl rah
ku ki, ko ki
coral (rock)
uaik jam
~'M
(hither) (o ut) (on) l. command commission, E. " (brokerage)D . compa nion company, ED. complete compose concerning
..
tar
~~,
E.D. """ ~lie. H .
bang ku
kim hi bng nl d ' ri tu tup ~ Ii mut gbb sem paJll mll nang is tang is nang is mang kok cha wan al rna ri bri
.." I.
"..P("') C.
cupboa rd, P . cu rry, H. (to) gubi cushion ban tal customs, E. kas tam (dues) D. du an po t ... cut (cleave) "" bh
.. ..
,,'
D
"'d,m
dancing·sir!
g.
dark date
..
ki tis am pang roDg genajo get lap ha ri·bu laD tang gal biD ti t..ri si ang rna hal bu tang bu rok de scm bIr da lam tin hi, tl tap
J.
daugh ter (of)
"'y
daytime
do" debt
d=r
December, D.
d",p definite descend
to=
110
VOCABULARY
.desire
.d~tain .devil
" (sa tan), I. .. (fiend) -die
.different
rna (h)u hln dalt
Dutch, D. dwell
ta haD shai tin " b. i blis rna ti
~,h
.dirty
lain su salt ko rck ko tOr
discuss
bi eM ra
.difficult
-
.dish
mang kok
.dismiss
bu aug dis bik kOD tff 1iJ: bu pa ti ka chan b chait 00. (ha) ai
.district. ED. .. (officcr) D.
" J.
-disturb
I.
" -divide <10 " (serve) -doctor, KO.
c.
"
~~br
"" "
an jina ring git
-done don 't
'" doh
<100' .:lozen, E .D.
.."
bu at ja di dole tor
I. (away)
" J.
.dri~er, H.
jang an pin tu do l.ell, 10 sin tn lis b chi
pa leai m; num
"'~ ia Jan lean ha lau u sir
...
drai ha " E. " (chaufle ur)D. so pir drunle rna bole <1'1' Uring .ducle i td:
" l.durian
I>< 1><. du ri lID
hoi Ian cia
(every)
1.
expensive
ilia kan te pi
eight
1.
elder electric, E.
D. employ
IUtrik .. bi ko song ha his
engine E.D. engineer, E.
en jill
on'" "
O.
English, E. enough enter
"l",1
g= g lob
error
$Il
D.
" European cvenmg )
cvery evidence examin e excellen t
":;\"
... ., "II b,
ru'
•
..
.
"
~ ruili .,., $Il mu a sale 5i
least -feather February, D.
fttl <em.1,
I,w
ra oi
in do e fO pah pi tang
tate father :fathom iault " (mistake)
f,,,
bon ", leu a Ja
estuary Eurasian
f"" 'facing :factory, D. .. (rcasonable)J.
bn
""pe ,,,,,,,
"P'
en jill it in si nyo ing ge ris chu kup . . >Ok
•
" field
" Ond
"OO" (beautiful)
.,.",,,
finger finish
bu ana
'"'
'"me-Jain ,w lean
jn ru pa dam
.,.
fair
tl lor (dI") Ia pan dl Ia pan lei tu a lele trile
el~ty
'"'''
•
ping gir
.. 1. 'gg
-'
~eDce
atinguish
Iillg II
sI nall& gam pani:
I.
"'"
"
•
ku ping ta Dab
carth easy
"
rna sing.DllI sing
te
" 1.
" "t
ti ap·ti ap
g "'n
~,
hi Ian ia oug kO$ rna hal kI 113
".. -" (outlay) D.
du dok E
" "
III
VOCABULARY
" (to) fireplace
,,"
..
F ron ka ha dap, tin taug pa hi rik .. tut pon ...
ia tob ki pas jauh pu a sa Sl mok Ila sib '" p'
d. pa
sa Jail si lap ta kut kfn du Ii bu Iu februari ~
.
bftiWl pa gar alii bi! pa sollg sf di leit si k it P;I. dang Ja pang au ·da pat ba aus e 10k 103 ri ha bis a pi
"" g""
'" P'"
'n'" (of all ) ',h fish·trap litting
,,,
"
fly"
IU$
Ji rna
flag, P. fl,' Resll floo, flower
plr ta rna hi i lean ke loug pa tut, ba mu
1.
fold
follow
f~ f~t 10' " Iforbid fOfest " (secondary) forget forgive fork, P . fo nnerly
,~'
fortune four fowl free, D. French fresh Friday
fri~~ :: I. " (companion) from front (before) " fruit
pa sallg
ben de ra ra la da aina ta Dah bung a k'm bang tlr ball.!: Ii pat i kilt tu rut rna u n ma lean an lea ki ba gi bn at 1a raug lIu tan hi lu lear III pa am pun gar pu, gar fu d (ab)u lu '0 .. UII tong 11m pat, 1m pat
".m p"
pi tan ehis ba (ha) ru jilin a at jow a hat lea wan sa ha bat 53
bat
tfrn an
"'ri d. pan
ha da paD I>u ah
112
,0_
fey full
pi noh
G ~'
pfftt
gallon
E.
" gambier gambling ,. gaol, ED. garden gas, ED. ",to
eeotltman Gttm.. get " (incur) .. (up) ghost gid (young) 1. give " (divide) glass, E.D. " (material)
,0 .." " " "
(out) (home) (back) (by)
goot
,,'bog
,, 1=bit gam
iu di jel, bui Uhun
...
pin to tu •• jlI man
... ",t kI~
bani un han tu no ni Ita si. hi ri ba gi
""""" ""
pI(r) gi pigi k' In ar pu 1aIli: ., kk
b ',
b m bing God uLili gold mas, 'mas geod ""k ba rang governor. ED. gub It Ilor glIun~ 10k gown, E.D. grain hi ji grandfather ang gor
......
"''''''
.tt.., ""t
"",
(>1 ,t.,
VOCABULARY
greetings
..hi a. jau " bok
gilm,
grind
(circular) gr~,H. I. " ground SU i1der
Id=
""~h
to kang ..k.u da "
ru pi ah a Lili sl na pang si na pan
guilty
.OO "
D. H
hair
h~lf
but hu lu sa.ting ah (lim
(body)
h;m, ED. ",.d handcuff handsome h3ppen ha~y
h'
hat, H. have
~. •
t: ~
• {.
. ~. '"
sf pa rob
" '
~
hem, h;am
tang an
'" ~og e 10k j3 di
rukim ""
~
),
•
,to...pi
di a, ill U pa la " (of house)C. tau ke headma n ping hu In (official)J. w6 da na " h", ding ar heart ha ti h,,,'Y hi nt hedge helmet, H. to pi help t?.I?D& here om hide slm bu nyi high tinggi hill bu kit hire hit P' kuI hoe cbaDg Iml .. obul " I· hold p. . . . .
~. , .,.;;
.f,t~ "
..... ..
,,,
" hole
1.
pe ....
10"-
ba ri-bHaz' (leave) H. cbu ti home ru mah gl lang boop ..
hop< hom bone hospital, E.D. hot
hotel, ED.
' " Dp
tan dok
ku ... bos pi tal
pa nas ho tel
hour
jam
house
ru mah " doug rna cham.
..
(stone) bow (in what woy)
=~
hungry h,rt husband
'c,o E.D• if '
»
ill
jar, '0.
)'li D U
jl
I.
ja wa JaVllnese ieti jetty. E . " (bridge) I. ilm. ba tan ya hu di low
sn ka ha kim yo oi
joy
judge
June, D.
yu li
July, D. K
kapok (cotton)
" k<ep
in chi, dim kiM hin di a (Bengal) bin, sa la da wat ink' tin ta " P. ... brn inside p' rek sa inspect gan ti instead of ka cMu interfere 51 lana, Iat _ interval p3na ei1. a jak invite ilm put (in) " iron pu lau island di 3 't
E .D.
incur Indian
...
pan&:
to",
sa kit bid
sa (h3) ya a ku, ham ba ay er·ba to ais,c:s ji Ita lau ii b, b lan sa kit
an
jl pun
Dbu b pn
I
"
jem, sf Iai
jam, ED. January, D. Japanese
ha pi.rna na blI _ pa
':. (much) b undred
"inch,
• ,"
I
holiday
.~ .
h' hO>
113
VOCABUL ARY
I.
ketchup kettle, ED. key
" kidney kind " king kitchen knife know (du n'no) "
Ita bu-b bu "" pok sim pan ki chap ke tel !tun ehi a nak·kun chi bu ah·piDg gang ma cham ba ,al til ja
...... pi sau b(h)u In tab
L labourer,
I,d !odd«
H.
lady, E. .. C . lamp, P. land (shore)
b~e
D.
ta'~gU38e
,.ego
ku Ii bu dak tana Ga
m,m
o yo oyah lam pu
" ~h cia r3t 10 rong
.....
P"
"''''a
114 late " I. • (slow) D.
laugh " I. lawyer, E. "
D.
bat
lam
]i wat
t.
lat
"'taWIII
lock
pa kif roJ
" D. locker
10 "at
Ic;lrll
hi Ia jar ku lit
las
wlln
leave, H.
elm ti " (furlough) D . p4"r lop ki ri ka ki
left leg lemon
Ii mau I.
ill" rok (lin jam
less
eli am
xu raug
hi af, ka s.i .. (go) I. pas lettcr $U rat " (alphabe t) hl! roE, hu lUI' Ic\"cl I'll la licence, E. bi sen " (pennit ) D. pir mit lid tu tup
du dok ling ad ha li kun c hi .. 10, ko tal: pan jaoe. b teng ok Ii (h)at ia g:a
" (d well )
.. (reside) liver
lUll
lea th er
1i\"c
tlr ta wa
lazy leaf
Icl;d
1
V OCA DUL A RY
long
m,
long time look .. (see)
" (after) (out) I.
"
,
100'" lorry, E.O. lose loss love low
.. (untruth ) I. lift
light
" J.
" (set) " (fire) ligh ter " (barge) C.
like " (kind)
" (as) lime limit liqueur, D.
list, E.D. listen
little (few)
"
..
bo bong jus ta allg kat
ring an ell teng pa sang a pi tons kang toa ko su ka m!l cbam 54 pilI Ii ka por bing ga
so pi lis, Jais ding ar
kI chil 54 di kit sik it
•
.
rup.>
.. A
\
:
M
machine, E.
D.
mad
madam, E.
"
r.
magistrnte. E. ..
D.
]a
mom nyo nYlih ilia j is tret
bn "'" " (Islamic) ka th i maiden a nak.da rao pi ra wan " J. maidscrvant, J. ba bu ma il, E.D. mol main (grea t) majesty tu an ku maloe bi kin, bu at Malaoo ri I. 00 ri Malay m" la yu " (script) ia wi male jan tan man (person) Orang " (male) Ia ki·1a ki
many
m,p
E.
tu .. mas tal ti kar
" (awning) matches, E.
ka jallg rna chis
" matter mattress
lui
..
ko rek4 pi
D.
May,. D . m eam ng
meo'
m echanic m edicine
m '" messenger, P. " (office·bor)
" D.
m~d (h eed)
ti lam bol sak m ai
Ir ti da ging til ka og U
bat,
0
bat
jurn pa pi un tim bi o P"
ting ah
lidi
ootu rna 'I, pal
su ke !alii
SII
gi lilli an ki sar an
mil yun ju ta po! du Ii
t.
min ister (sta te) min Ti minute, E.D. mi nit mirror chlr min
, ,
•
~"" du it pa jak bu Ian moo. bu lao morc 16 beb, Ia &i IIl2 kin " . (the) momlng pa gi nlosqui to n )'ll mok " curta in U bill bu most sahli pa ling " 1. mak, i mak mother motorcar, E 1110 to kar " (au to) D . o to, mo bil mous tache mi sai mu lut mouth m uch ba nyak mud lum por multiply pu kul mls ti. mis ti must mustard, E. mls tad mOl til " D. N pa ku "a ma bis mil lah " ep kill " (scrviette)D. sill bet
nail
name " (of Cod) na pkin, E. natul1llly
neo,
Cle m :lIl !j:
dl:i kat ham pit'
1.
.. ,ru. rni 5i
nea rl y necessary, I.
"
I.
no ••
. ttk
Ie ber
sa lab 5i bp I n eheJc:
. «d needle never
u sah ja rum
m'm
n~
ba(ha) ru k(b)a oo.r
'tIlismke
Mi~ter (Malay) mistress, E, mix
•
sl nen
Monday money " (doit) D. monopolr , D. mon th
"
M iss, E.
jan hln ba uyak
gamool M arch, D . m'rt mark (tradc) H . cl"p
m aster
" I. " (band) million, E .D.
D"
m.
'" g , b (h ) win
mm y
middle '1llidnb (leaf) mile (stone) " E .D . '1llilk mill
me sh in rna sin
2"i
O12rket
" m"
.,., I. ,
10 ri hi lang ru gi ka reh lio dail
let
lie
W~
,
'f
115
VOCAB U LARY
c ham por
"
(stir)
"
l.
M ohammedan moment "
ago
ka chan ka chok is lam
!Jews
.,,' " l.
J.
nice,
sa·1ei jap
night
sa·hln tar ta di
nine
"
(last )
pir lu
ta'-pEr nah dfl pan
d,i·mu ka e nak ma lam sa·ma bm $1m b i Ian
116 nipah-palm no .. noISC
noiW nose not " yet note (oonl:), E. notice, E. nought, E.D. .. (void) November, D.
oi pab ti dale bu Un bu uyi bi sin& hi doug ti dale, ta' bf 10m
ou,
Dot
owo
pu oya
no tis si par, uul ko song
owner
tu an '1"01 bu sa pi
no vem bit $I lea rang nom bor
now num ber, E.
" ..
D. DO mOl (figure) an&: ka
nurse, ED. nas, $U.S tlr nursemaid, H . ay ab " (Chinese) .a mab. .. (Ja ..... nese) ba bu
o ob
i kut
o'clock October, D. office, E.D. officer, E.D.
pu leu]
ok to blr o pis, lean tor op sir often $I Ia In (frequen tly) U rap .. J. "ring oil mi nyU old Ju . 00 di- II tas onion ba waDi only sa (hal ja t hu rna OP'" bu '" opera (Mala y) bang sa wan opium chan du opposite 51 hi rang 0<
.. 1.
an nge
ord~r 1.
~'
VOCABULARY
."
• bu
~ Ii man jf ruk m rob
bio sO bog, lat paJut
oth" " (CVCf)') ough t
outside
In
aT
"po
oversetr .. (T amil)
=0
bndil bu tang
" I. p pa pack pain paint pair palace pantry, D. paper pardon pa rents
past
"
I.
pavilion pawpaw pay
pat sim pan
sa kit chat sa-pa sang is ta na $I pen kif t:Is rna af, IlllI hap rnak-ba pa Ia In li wat ba lai pi pa YlI ba yar
~:. ~:
••
•
i
-
~. '
,
,'i .
' h,- ' . ~'
..
pilgrim
ha ji
pilfow pin, E.D. pineap ple pistol, E.D. pity .. (alas)
00
""''''=
pin, p4 ui ti
"U "si an tim pat pa dang
pial!" pain
.. ' J_
a lun-a
, ~:
, ,\
I.
plar 1'1= .. (God) pocket, E.D.
pod
point police, E.
..
, ,'
peace(be on you) sa lam-a lai lam pen, E.D. pen .. P. pe na pencil, E.D. pen siJ, pot lot people 0 rang Ia da pepper .. J. mil ri cha perh aps. ba rang-b U permiSSion, D. plr wi si i2: in, ij in person o raug petrol, E.D. beu zin ph otograph 21m bar pict ure aam bar " (portrait)D. 1'0<1,,, picul pi kul piece U pina: pig ba bi
D.
policema n
~~
..
••
in sha-a1 lah po ket, sa ku 1::a chang tun jok po lis po Ii si o pas-po U si
...
go sok
ko bm par tu gis
. ...
.,..,.".
particle post, E.D . potato
pu " "
u hi
kin
"
I. pound, ED. POU'
I,a d, Ii priest, P . II (pastor) 0 _ ... to< i mam .. (Isl.:lmic) pin di ta " I. prince 111 ia teng ku " (Malay)
.. J. .. 1-
powder, E _ " (face) p
IJ3Da e ran " den
print, H. profit
chap un tong j:m ji
promise proper
pa hit som bong
proud provided pudding 1::u eh " (boiled) E. pu dina: .. ~k pull pana kah punbh, H . push put " roh bu sok pu trid
",I
to""
Q Wr kI b(h)i pak .. ku ~·plr am pat
quarrel quart quarter
dIU
:: (25 cents) J. sa·hI Ii queen (Malay) t'ng ku-am pU:ln q uestion b
n"
Ilk" ch' pat
q uick
..
(hurty)
R
tana:
bang .sa
paun, pond
1.-
,,, ,"
po 1:ok b nam ping pn pi ring oWn
ma ta-mab
D.
polish pond Portuguese
""""
I UD
'" pm
plan t .. (bury) plate
..
..
pistol
plan k '
117
VOCABULARY
til ani po dar
"
po<
hu jan
W dak
raise
ang kat
dang U ro poi: slm ba(h)-yang si ap
rattan teach
sam pai
II
pj,=
chan tel: du lu har sa
fO hln
,~d
ba eha
ready
si ap sf di a
:: D. reason
..
U br
.. "b sal, pa
fa sal
118
VOCABULARY
receipt, E.O. " (cash ) D.
fa sit, ril III kwi tan 5i
receive
II ri rna
recent
" root
"'ru
"i><
,,",,,,r
regent, E.
regisler,
rel~ti"c
~. D.
release remain
remember
remove ,,,,t replace reply " (letter)
resident, E.O. res tful
me r.&h ka rang · ri jen
Ttl gen rej is tar an gl Ii ken sau da III 14 pas ting gal lug at aug 1::11
se wa gan Ii ja
.. "'m
1\"1lb
."''''
res i den ~
restho U$C, E. n I.
= pa sang gl fa han
return
ba lek
"
I.
, , (home) rcvcnuC'-offi ccr, C. rice (cooked) ,,(hu sked) ,,(paddy)
kern ba Ii po bng
chin teng na si b4 IllS pa di
rich
Ita ya
ricksha, C.
be ch:l
(Penang) lang eha right ka nan " (correct) be tul {propc'T}
ripe
" rise
,.
lIa rus lila sak rna t4ug
river
ballg till SUllg ai
" J. ,ood
lea Ii ja Ian
,. I. roll roman (Latin) WIll311 izcd
ia I3n an gil ling ro
=. Tn mi
,oom
hi lek
D.
tali
row
btl rok sa..cJe ret
rub
go >ok
•
" If
r
k:t ret
J.
13 ri
'"P'" Russia =t
ruN '" nt
"d
sack,
"r,
H.
"go sail salling·ship
'u b",
pe
TlI
il"".t ji
"It
ga
"m, .. (aU
th e)
sa mp:m , C.
"P
Saturday
sauce, E.O. saucer sausage, E.D. "y ;;liool, P. scissou
screw, E. .. D.
""
seal, H. =~h
second, E.D. secretary, E. " D.
'c"o
(look) I. " (visible)
",d
September, D. seven
scp tern bIr to joh ja (hJit lIan Ii ru P' ba (h:l) &i an ha bu la jam
diU l.:or di a, ia
sheath , h
sa rollg bang 5:11
,h'
"
shee t
Will
1.
sa Illa iu ga sam pan
" Ib
gf tab sab tu, sap till
ship
SOS, saliS
pi
5h illing, E.
•
sh irt, P. ,h",
rillj;
sis bi lang
" 1'.
SO
"' "
se ko Iali gun tillg .. kru sf krup lallt ,,,"p eli1 ri "' k~ sek ri ta ri sek ri ta tis
teng ok Ii (h) at nam pak bi ji
,"oot
..".
~
,•
a ll
shave
,h"'P
(b) u.
ki rim hn kuOl
un 10k
" sh~fP
•-,
al
"""
share
su sali·lm ti gu ni se III JIlat u
salary
ill
shape
s
tang kap ia llInJjl sin di ri
h:m tar
"'w shall
pi ab
IU
"n
~~tence
gl tab
rubber ,"a
seile seldom
ka maT a kar
rotten
"
119
VOCABULARY
shop _
" J.
short
should shut
,hy
Siamese
" sick
( nlai)
side " (ooge) " (d ish) sign, E.O. silent $I.1 ... er
bi ri-bi ri dom ba l.:e ping, lai 56 Ii ULut eha !hI
shekll 56 linK Ita pal ke me ja kl sut
sa
pa tu
tem b~k k6 dlli
IVa rong
pen dek pa tut til lup ma 1\1 si am tai sa kit
sa-hi lah
te
sinee .. I. sister (older) .. (younger) .. (Japanese)
sit six skill skirt slave slccp slipllCT, E.D. slow
slowly sfl\'~ll " I. smokc so (thus)
:: (like that) :: (that)
.. (and so)
::~
" D. soda, E.D. somc
.. (fcw)
di 11m pe rok
"do<
sli p.:.lT, slop lam bat pl (T) ]a han pi ian L:I eb.i(1) 1:6 ebil
"'P
ba ii IIi hi gi ni ba ei til hi ei tu su pa YlI a nil sa bUll sa rong.la ki
bus cia
oW
00 r:mg sik it
sometimes ka da ng" (occasionally) ka dang .. (at times), I. tempo-tcwpl»
son " (son of) sort sound
.II
nak
bin rna cham bu ur i
soup, E.O.
sop
sour
lila sa m a sam
.. 1. source speak
pi
sam 001 sain, tek ken
51 min jak Sfl jak ka kak II dek Ite san du dok an am, In am 1m lit sa rong ham ba
species spectacles (eye· glasses)
" r.
a 5:11 elm kap hi cha J:I bang 5;1
chfT nlin.lna tao
ka cba·ma ta
120
""'"
'1"11 'I", d spirits . .. (evil)
spoon .. (ladle)
d f IllS
sure
e ~
.m m
.weep
~
bI Lm ia • nk han tu sin do1su du
S\\'CC t
rna";'
Sy
saiyid
. ....
spring
cham eha rna rn-lilly er
stll irs stand (endu re) stand up
ta han bit di ri
station, E.
ste shin
"
(tea) H .
" ",y steal
D,
stasi on
ti chu ri n;m
stem
stew (meat) stick still (more) (yet) " stocking, E. stomach stone stool, P. ,top .. (preven t)
'" """
kor rna t ong kat
b,;
rna sell, rna si sto kin, pi nit
b"u
bang ku bir (h )1n ti t2 han
,<me
gn Wong
(shop) C . " storm story (upper) C . stove stra ight (away)
to k. ri but 10 tcoa
" strike string strong stupid substitute subtract suffer sufficien t su~a r
su tan
'"' Sunday "
1 ,
VOCABULAR Y
L
"'pM Lmg w"" lao las pu leul tali ku at bo doh
pn h toW<
kI na chu kUp
syndicate, C,
,hod
.'
., . .. ,/.
"""
bun tot del ii
\,(
ekM
tai lor, H .
to kang-ja it am hi!.
tak~ 121k
eba up hi cha r:iII
" (gossip) I. " "II
"tinggi m"""
""te
'"ng
Tamil tar, E.
taxi, E. tea, C. teach
~'
,
....
tell "
", (ccnts)
" J. " I, " thanks
t. II bi
sa-pu lob sa-ku pane: sa-pi chis sa-k1-tip ri ma-b seh
;!u , "p
w._ i tu, si
theatre
D. (Malay)
(only)
,
ko me eli bang sa wan kErn (u ) di an baru si til, sa DI
"
toaether to·morrow (day ~ fter) " tongue too (as well) "much
~.
(Tamil) towel. p .
",)j"'~.
" town
~
~
m.
be so k, e$Ok In g
I.
"no" " tub, D . '"Tuesday
ju p
tlr lam pau
D,
I.
to I i tu a la an duk pi bn, ban dar k" "
-
""=
_goh
cho ba sf la sa
tut ki
Turkish tum
..
pu siu!!:
pu tu
I. " (revolve)
ki
"~
saT
do> U t:a' chan k k jll lek pa YOIl'
ugly
.. J.
"h
mlng Ilr ti
L
duJla b
unripe until upcounlTy up 10
mn '" sam paj _hu lu, u lu sa-hiDg p-
n",
gn~
pa h i
" (to) usuall)'
bi a sa V
Ii dab
.w
,t 'no toty
':,
too t.m b.a btl !u ' k
hlr b III gi ai
tooth
"
bu aug . lea mis, Urn is ti kct kar chis i kat da si w:a tu, nta$l bli tan poh slm pat. dan tin, blik
m uh ta' pa yah sf lu IIf chI Ia na
" Iron"",
unl~l:y
toddy
• <;,
tip
trisha trouble (don't)
J.
E-
I,,(
pn" ri bu bI W",
I,
cha pe sa rna, a ka.n b , ka poll da ro ti-pang p llg
" tobacco, P.
Iani:
"'"'
, tnm
po kok po hon hi cha ra be cba
trial
umbrella understand
.. (towards) tOllist
pun
ltu nlS ba nog Ii kif, pi kit
_
tram, E.D. tree
'" Ie.,. ti mah pI nat
to"
•
tit.! ni pis
L
te k"'"
t.
th" th.a tch the
thmd th= throw Thund>y ticket, E. D, he"
" (metal) " tired
.. (wire) ka VI'at t:a Ii pun telephone, E.
"'. i ni
though thousand
jar mUll shi gu ru
a1 t;I"-m.a ta
D.
'
(neck) D. " . time (occasion) " (delay) " (manage) .. ti n, E.n .
I
Uliog
'teen "" bO'" 1e1cgr.am, ED. t:a li gram
" th"e
II ,
II
tea'Pot, C .
" then
•,
teh,clu
teacher, H.
thinty this
\~
121
VOCABULARY
thi~
-:.",':,' '
kong si
me ja
gnu sui tan rna ta-ba ri ha ri.mina: gu
pn
table. P.
-.
" they • ' th;do ....("r' , thin , (lean) " th;
T I.
"
""",t
vai n (in) value varnish vegetable
L
" p, verandah,
""
viilage
bang A t plr chu rna h" .. bar Ilis
D yM sa
yo!"
an
hi mn da
"'n""
a mat, saDa bm pong
~t
VOC A BUL AR Y village (rur:d) I. virginity
who
..
w 'wages, D, 'waist
waistcloth 'wai t
~lk want " (wish )
'V!':!rdrobe, p, ...... arehouse '\I'ann w:uran t, E, 'wash washenna n, H,
Wlltch'
. D. 'water ~,
w,
\\-'Car
'Wednesday '\\'Cek, p, weight
..,
'\\'tll
'wharf, E.O. ......hat wheel, p, when " (ever)
" J.
where
wh ich " (that) while
white
I.
si a pa a pa-pa sal kI na pa (Penang) a WAt wide Ie bar wife bi ni (polite) is ri wdd hI! tan why
aa ji ping aa ng sa rong n311 ti tung gu ja Ian ma(h)n Un dak al ma ri 16m a ri gu dang Ila nas W'J ren elm chi do b i m' na tu jam
at 10 ji ay er, air Ii lin ki b pa kai fa bu, rl bo ming au bI ~, baik ba sah WlIp, born
t.
will
nan Ii ang in jen (d)e la
wind window, p, wine wink
"'. "'" ke jap
wipe wire wish
u pu
lea wa t ma(h )1I hen cia}; sa m~ ding an p4r 1m pu an
with
" (together) woman
"yu
wood wool write
bn lu kIT ja hi bni til lis
wrong
501 "fah
work wo rkman
y
'"
.'"
)'3rd, E.D. year yellow
'-" )·esterday
"11.11
ka pan rna na rna na
" I .C, " (Penang) " (I>olite) )'ou ng
sI dang Ilna: ab lJU leb
youth
rod> bi Ia a pn,bi la
"".
.. you
" I. " (bachelor)
ta
(h)1l1!
ku !ling
sa,ma lam ma rin
eng kall, kau
ko we, lu hang lea nm, a wak mn da hu d>. lea chOIll a nak·li ru na
