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MENTAL ILLNESS and PSYCHOLOGY Michel Foucault Tf. n.l. t llldby"'~SI>erdbyHubertOreyfu. :::'0":..'":='..:.=..-:-.:...

Author: Michel Foucault

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MENTAL ILLNESS and

PSYCHOLOGY

Michel Foucault Tf. n.l. t llldby"'~SI>e
F..... e>rdbyHubertOreyfu.

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...urn"'~

-,_11......

In Hridou.. caU'~~lIOIh;"*"",,.;U _ormi<malllfOUIlllinlfo;titl& th

intlleirprimordiolity.*>uW""""",'iw/>
1Ul..iIY$>I. """.fOU. ooMonllytw'lI<II!1placcncyondit,tronqui~«d~_·· H

~·,"""hod;,thu<..,iAstM«oI

..hatPaulRi<"o
:=':.;;,==\~;~I;'..-::~::.h= oItbo\nl\h. <_I •• 'h<,,,,th of th< dai< "ruuI< or tll
tnlth(1heM.,.;."heoriot.,IteFmodian ,I,.,.""",)canf.,.<:< tll< ""f-OI1i<jp.an",o...,it too. ln llrifll aod 1lm
::·=o~=.:.~~~=~n.,~~: mtIr<.;"_ca5<""'=(II<'''''''~~,tll<_prob/ truth :t hu,f~

th<mtrictiort<er«ttd .. d
th«""h~!Upp<»«l t obrina.bo"'JOIll<_oflib..-.oion

MarJcpromises .... .,.,..,.,.r

expIoited : F..... offer.rtll
....

foucault'I M.,.;.,a,opt
bir:withhi:rO«<=l>
_run
..,pi<sorth<~ol"'..

m
rclusaJ,o~hilltWt

rn..x.m....mchcooldocrurinonyrnlt"",.ThoMarxist

~=:".:~~~::";'~ohe=

;::So":"=:;=!'~=:~.ru:

pr
=!.~~!h~~':.t:!:.~~ ~nu"=

ooIytooo~rn. t hal . Wlt~t"'ooh~ ..

oh positm.tmedicinc. the madllWl ..... rqard

=~:~S'::.~:~==:!:t: F"""'ulthodb«n~I>t"'H~.ond""'"'~ r<jecI.hi.=1itrolai"'thderl~oh;st_'''''h

.booth"nunb6nj:<."~nth.olhumanb
oonceaIin;s_thatD"...in~ dimly.war< ·

~=t~~:~:=~~:~I",cr~H~~ UmicalGr.=-W..tnnIllOllO";"".proj«1ofthcmional aplanationof<"Jlturalpnc· ti=that.in
::',,;==,:;::<:::!...~:!=;;;'":

"""kod . RoI .... ;tisunM ovenl'oti"'''''''

.,;=;,.:r:,,:~=~~:;:::.,,:~=.,,: =i~y~;O:~;% ~~=~,'7~ff:::!h<.=;

=~~:='~,::=oI'::h• """"~yond"""oIi11n
...:w:iaJIy""";. .. cd.disIortcdin1<rpr. F..-F""",,uto.inn.·

_ " ' ...... Hftdout<. ilio""""""'poaibk ,o>p.ond~ .. ir' .... _iomhod .. oIIjoai",n:r""""'in
=~=~===::~,~~=::

" ""';"'penonoI";"encein o cono:r", oocioIsit"",io<> ' o .. ud1inlth< hisooricalonddi>clmi"'pn":ta. ,Iw~

~~~~:=~~;::,:'~'!:,:"':;,~=:.:;~:

~~S¥i~~g~

=~~~~~'::":~~~~~,!,::

UInoso ... Thiolhift Ji ........ meanina'o._"""'qa!Cbo!>c ... lond"""""'to ,ho:croIof,h<1I<WChapin"6

To ..... up.Io.""*""b<Wd'''''''h< ..~ ............. of """' .. iIIn<s
..

"'h""""' .........r"""'or in......,.,.. '0 -";""''''.''-'''''''''''

i n _ ' o .... u"''''''.IIu!, i r_~''' .''''"' , '''''' ... 'olUChm)'lhiIopcaI

............ ' ... ''-''oti"U ....... ''' "" ",iu ... ioI.." n.opo!osy. , of .... ' .. ;u""., .. - . . .

___ t
IoP<&Ir.,.,."

Ip. l<)

WIta',doe> ,hioloo"'emt",' iolpoydUolri'HodFoucwJt

=.:.u.-==~e:~::,~~~ h<~'ho:hl>tory o r romuor"'P
=~:::~I~S;~='::: r>< _""'w~yh
fint

~;;.,~;",:::!Ia=~=~t~:;~~=

:Z:~~2;==:b0

t~ ..

""1 ~"'l'_"'"

m~t

mad in on< cui·

~:::'::Xb
onalyoio of tcntw RnlCtUrn should b< rcjoned but thot to

>tOTtioru"ini>OlotKmwookl ri",", o m)thicol.,. """'"tof"""toldi>ortkn ,H<""n'hu'mainhit~ocroun'

~~:"'hoItar.;:!~;O~:i~::=~~:

="":':0"':= ...

inwltichit_ed ~ .tob
lhot"is

:E:;E'~~;'~:'~EEJ:J:~~; tIi"ot)'ofmadn<ss ;n"" lUSpidoo ,W htn F~lt"..,..

.... ncwO,.pI
~·,~~_~'),:;"~;:;:,,,~;;:.":7h
~':~~0c:.,:,::,:,::~~~:=~~~~ ronmofap
tO~"':-H::,~:l::;~(~!.,."...,."..

F""",uk

..,.,.", of.., "ambq"""".,.pt t htV
=~p<J::c~~~,=:~:~:~f':

~>dySUfJlXftS
......,wunteSlri''''''''' ' h< l>ooUcn.d~td.I ' .. loKof';Io:n«"("".6I!-69).

~~int':-;::I<°~=o~=~~ iIy.htholotYmak .. .aer.:.poooibkond.aer.:.thm,unuond

~":,=~~.!~::::';;~.';'=~'~

lUoricaIoriIinonolit.ba
bocam<.'II"~opecios'on!)-»hrnhi>r

madnmmad< •

=~-==':-:~t~~~!,~ =(:~~~~~I~"=;;: _ " ' ... f(oo' ... si
~::;;$=?E:~EEr

' ...... tI>mIeo ..... l "nq_itIainf,'""· cepton
:"~'::;:;:"~~~~;:~::'!h~n..""::;

_of'mjIf<<Sionofonottemptdoorno
from thsimplyg/_,«i _ _ oI_tdin'h< ".".....,..,.,.tlw..haoil>tortdin

__

Inth<"""""....-.ofMno'Q//I__ to"~noI""""'''(p _

76)

Psyrltolop.

F<><><:atIII • .."..."
~""'=.:.='"!.~:,,~,:-;it:

olonofm"ruolillrlrnll>I ... IMISlO3cicnc
~~ndi=~~~~':~"':':';'~h
dairn,ha" ... 'ruth'IIat"~ed"pis",.ncen=,i.<,,1hat lhcre i,noobjTouP ; ,arl",""".,''''",,",pi , ''')'tI>«>r}',lIatsom
lrin&<"'i ..d!
;L H< .r",SI;lIhold!i,lIat facilllw!at;'udLKkd ..""klbrirq,lil>"ation . J" .... fot- ..rl)· H ~ .utll
fr«byhokl... ""'o.rv
ofTtn, ...

~,::~.of~:::::=,,·:=,,:;=a:;: ~ .... will ... abl'l'
for-::in"'~~==!:':";:;';;,,:~:"~~~r::~ Qj'Tlrj~"h.II o".-n hi;rtoricol brud of

~~~:.o~=;~~~,'::~':;'",~ 1I"Cff'i<' fOllC.ult """"",all hij....,. • • ol

=~:r.7·=~,,=,::F= =~:"~f=<'==,!,.."'7u=~ lIennen "OOom,m ' oOll endleIs "uk . .. [h
§~s!;::;§E.!§i1~;; OpJ>rOa'h"~""""hidd
..vi .. '''''h''';'h''''

mnuk' .. For""" ......... ""'..,,...;todillvainfort... - . . o f thcWOth.oti'..... IOM
::'~~:"'~;~1:::;~~':

_""'..,\>t
..

~~:!::':::".:~h'~F=.':"~.::

..

~::.~~:". ~ H=in:_",~ t~ ' hcmaticm&)'d~.kavircforana/)'1io

I bIottt. incIifl'...... '..,.,.. !ot:ki.. in both in,eriori',ond ~?""

For . timrt>tilNod

:;:;~=.~,~~~=::;;~ ~"'ionof W"""'nwI. lkid<:urrp.... "P''''II
IIooq_ionod .... .;..-ofhil>t..imt. H......o..:qGodlmer. tbotthcre .... . IIVirc'ruthhilldm .. ' ... W<>l.,..,,'ro<6tion,.'

but ... did""'V«""thc ...... "'IO""'k....... ofourhiltor)' ... """"'torri'\on""~y•• ffoci
~

U-,~.,...-uc..'"".....,.CIIII
::;;~.~~""~~~~~':':.= il
n..HiJIory<>l_?,wned,oonin,_ionofO\lrhis-

~,:,~!.':.."',.'!":::-;..~.u:. mo
...,....,on<\"""""o ..poncI ' o~IIlI""""". orbchavior. f oucoulthcidlhotbeco ... p~ _ _ in_.~k<_th
=.:.~.'!>em,

..

_forf""herint........

("(be"'rooodofh~rq.ht";'hl'uud,FOIX2U!! ;' !h" . ;"o

poWon",oupponhiooccuootim,ohadyodumlnteditlM..,

:"'~:~~:"=:=-O;,=o:::; norm21;nnaoonf...w"w toctmology,lnhisloct= ood ou" , vi<wo.uudin& toM .. )'Otun""blishNCo"'_ ",o!,~f7do, P~t",Jl""th .. a.rutj",,"""f~~ptOolLlir<." Thi501l'i
=;':"":'~'::'~ond~'::,-:~:-.c·::,: ;:~=~":,~.~~::= dtt. Foucoult _ ' COJIf_ manual:"Eumino . . , .uJ'Ollr'bouP",~_d)"WspcU,

~=alw=.·!:;~'l<.:;~n:~J'OIII"~'=

Iinally,oo"",thinklhatinoo""';'i",ondpcrilowornoner .. !hir.lh
=~;:~:~==,~b::=U",,:~':,~ !leldofr-',.wlbchwooldootbtolllhatr<'llWubIo ..

~,...mabo"'lme
... ar. to JUclo'"""""",,'

=~=0.i~~~;:nc:~==~..:.~ of~ond_.When
~~~:'~:~~::o ~~,~~:

;,"!:w~':'~.i~~";,;i ~~~=.ult~f~ Fi"
~~,~~~;oo~~_d<m<-::-::~=::= moll'uncrioninil:."Theootimof'='morI< itpossibktoJlOOll

-""".in ...rtiroo::ialWlity._ ............. 1IioIop:aI f_.<XJn
.... bItd

=='~=:-thot"'~~~:';:·: whio:hthio~aw
oIiI, ......... bjea ..... _ _ ' of .... oubjea •... \httnowlf""nd .. _oniIy lO......".iudf .. thed~ofl<> .NoI._ .b)".....,. Of .......... .. _ ..... ..... .... tKtio:sofUrOI>
A lUstor)'of"""faAonalpn
:::..:=:..:.:...~=~=

........... uoymptorm.htaIIh........ldcansistinoonst .. lI}' ..... ~t""~_IO
..

=~~:r:a."'=~=.~""'_~

_.··W,"""vin«ound...

_from""'""""" .... _ ..

~=O~~,."'·IOtha! .... m.... always"an""'onc<.tpin In """"""lO
_.f...

:'-~~~~=n:~f==,~::!:';

u..allIUoOendIossodf· anaIyoio, in _ _ ..... tlO .. to""'k< ~""=:"Orupoa""'and_."" _ _ IUbJ
W,ho.Vtoricalaccidmt.,to ha" .<me-dimtand"'ofr
whicheaIlh,ondprodoo:Miy.... _.,....,in'Ohichhwnanboiflll'canU'OWuponly .. xx· ualindi'iduab, oodlllrivio&tobc.oormaJ",bject",,,,tomu· imiz< hi> human potOlltial LatcrFO\JCOuJ"hwr<join,t"'ohomo"r~6ofM_a/

m..,.._Piydook>p. Th< .... OmaIioo ol ' '''trlllhbucrod> ('."""..,, _ Wo>tert>u_or>dincol.-..lityinOO..,. """,,,ofoun_ """"'''''''''l''fl'Ioimalai>< J"" .. inM""alm""'Qndl")'CIwIou~ysit ..a> l«n"IDDrC~'honai"i>.",1ata """"'"k"iUf"""""hit<>i' iq",,""Fmo.!. Th<~"'ion'"

'h<""bio
:::==:,'::"":'.::~:;..~==::

porWIlosp«t,ol thoirpnalityand lhat, forl<.whcn ""'·.... ion>.,-.xll- ""II
..

~..::::w";;:~:; ~~:::~,':.on"'fo'~~ rmw-... t h<mOofM'~'alllIn=_,.,?<-I"'I"V; " What ... j""bcmtaid;'ootinl
=,,~!:.':=:,"{,,~;.=~

tionbel ..... ~ord .......... ord.dUequilibrium lO rundamonul!(hMn .. ,.n""P1'OIl<8lI~

"{::=:(=

~~,~:;;:"'1:...

unioquoIydant
_ _ ""'

... ,·

il OOI"""f"""' , o.paiodor,I>crapy~· lomdcalinti

wilh.spetiflcprobl<m . tnsu.I.po~ ...

_or

'h<po)
~-~~~:~~~ =-~"":'!.""of~IIvn.o...:..ofhwnan .....,..1O Utc FOU<:IuH ' h ...

~",y
.. . . ~

~pocudoocimce-onollqod"'ocianif",lh
"""fUn fJQm ....... PfJOS'dcauW¥rtofow

::::,:..~~~~~.!":

......,,_on«, andrnii/ll...u.iUbe._.bIolOhim Buo_conFOU<:IuH"""vincc .. ofhio~Why<m"_ ' hin~ -i _ . .. 01 O
:!*,~:!,~:!~r.!:.~,..."::=

::",:"~:,,,~-:.'='=::.:,~-:...~,,: '~~'" - ' thai FOU<:IuH""""'-.d
howcanh
truthl0&ny""'*l.tl<sci
:':~:i~fI<:;U~:~!~':'':':r':'':;~~ andth
I>1«with'hildistmo.Similarly.Fo>.>caUItoo..""' ..... "'prow

,Ilo, our=ualirtt
,h
..... -nbo", ... IJov,""Nict<>
~:';=:;;h-:~.:;:.n=~jn';'~=

of,h< ""'....FoucaLlltoo.."""hiru:.onyn><>r
:=~~<>u~~~i;~:7'::=':;: m.oflUl;'yb)'I
so< wh
_"'"."CUfT
of ..bo _

..

.... mdit =oomitiH""o~io= iIlo1i...,inow cW, ur<,hot hov<not bccntaUn ""into Ill< rrianinI WIder·

:r=~~h~~.:::':::':kO:fl~-= .. procticincl~ '~""lh<",""""",of_r·

H< ;. tryinal0 hiiloriciz •• oru;IwbelpdUsol ........

_.nor

=::;y::f~v;.,.~""':;):'O;:::::::~,~ h U/IWI..tf'lWcouIdw< upC\lI "" ( Iy~pr>
lh",open;n"upourworklratbu,lwtshU"in& iloo..n."

"","",WtponphrM<san
""'m
=.,~hanp/lilooDph1 ... 1"'Wi>I<>h
,._ -...""'""''''''''-ql. . ........-,. ,._" . _ , .... y...

1,_-.-_ . . . -..... _, "_,_,_U --). __.--. ...---_ _.-"....._"..._ _. . .-..· "-'-_--,_........_....._............___.........___-. _.._..............__,--...-.. ...-_. --,. _.,,---------............ . u_ ..•_ _ . ..

""_~_ .

"'

_ - . . _.. . . " •. - . . ... _ _ ..., •• n,_ <./_. .... _ H_'_y"'.:,_.,..., _

.. Fr_.JO$.O,. _ _

. ...,-,: -

., .....

_~r

.w..... ,............. _ .... ,,-.

.........

..

:H __ ...... _ '

_,'·r.... ' _... •.,.... .....' ,-_ . .f....... - . . ... _...- .. u._-.>I '--."" .... '"',,,,. -.-',....,. .. -...-...... , ... _ _ _ ,.. _ ......... , _ , .. r _ _ ,·· ... .. . . . , , ' _ ... . _ _ _ _ f _ _ .. _ . _,~....,~

.......... ..

..

;"

_

., ,. _', ..... ~". -:-

.... _ " ... , .......... _ _ .. ' .. '.0;" ... _ " " " _

..

...... ___ .... _ _ _ .1loO _ ........... .;0...,._ .. __', .._ ..._ .. __ ,.. __ 01_"" ..... 1"_.

_.UO-_ . . . .. -..... ... .. ""-----_ ..-._ w_·.u~

...... (p"'"'.-.. _ ....JI ,· ....... _ . ___

,·fm-

___.. _--_-_.._.............. ... __ ... _ ..... """',---_ """... _,, __ ,... fN<w,'""' ......... _ ......... 1"l"'~_·b\'_""-

•.'............... _01 ..... "'......_ ... _ .._

,...... ,""... ....... ... ........'-'-~"'- , ""' ......... ""' -' --"-- P"...... .. ._ ... ...... ,..,_ '...... _ _ _ .. · .....- '.. ..-_01''' .... _ _ .... _......

.... 110_...... " .. " •••" ..... ",..,.,."', ........ , .. .... ""' .............. .

_ .

~.I1l

... _

··' • . Il).

.. .. _ ... _ . _

_

·

L

'

~

-

., _ _ ......

'

........ - - . . _ _ _ _ .. _ " ' .... _

_

,r. ..... ''''''',

",--.---

___ "'-_ ''-. 1_',"",,,,,,,,, "" A_"' __ ,_ ••. ''.._ '" . ' ' - . A.M ......"._. _ ,,....v ... , P_>9f7l 110 __ r_._.'. •... ""-"'''''-~ ...... ,•. _

... _

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-

,

.

.

.

f .... _

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, ...

.

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~

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~_." A C_ .. " ' _ ' ''' '' _ _ MIT ...... ' ... _ .

..

.......

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....."""' ..... _ _.,.,J
...

_ 1'i<-

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,.,. ........ -."""""''''' ....~ ..''' m.

_... '_... _

'•. '001.... »< '".'001.. ... '""" """'_..'",_.... -.,....... ,.... »'-.

......,._<>J_(r.-b ".___

-

........... P... ..." , ... ,""

-,-_ .. __ .. ->0.-.-_ .... __. . -. _. -_ _ . .". ...... ............ -- _ ZLOoot-...-. __ ..... .,.. ._._ .......,_""', ,

"""'-- ..

,._. . .. ............

%1 ............ _

..... ,"" ........ _ " " _

_100 ..............

0;,...... .01(.'1_ · _ ' * 1' 1$)·,.,.

"lO. IIOI.• p.Il.

••

......... ,........_

.

" ' _ . _ _ " _. .. 17

~. n,;o" .. "

)0.''''.... '''' ll-II>III .... 'O'!

..... .· .. n.._' _ ".", _ _ . __ -"""""-" (--,,... ... n . ........ ,01

". _ _. _...

_

IJ

. .... _

·A ,.~1P.ri

_ _ ~ ....I- - ~..-.- ,- I-y

... _ .__ _r___ . .. ''''............... _ J,. __ ._.

..... _

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... •. ", "."- -.""'-'
...

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,.,,~

. .. _'.·. . _c-.. . T_. . "' . .....

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..

....... __><,J ,_Yo••,l"fIo--"--'*"'.-, __ <-..~-

,""~

.....

& .... 19711; _ _ .. ~_c--.T_

. . . ."_y...,.......

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_(_T...,_ _ .,07tl.P."

-

..."'................,. "' "",,, •. n

. ............ .

"'-

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off.,.",....·' _ ..."""."" ........

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lnd .... ~'''_ of Ckoo<> '''_ '''')

'l. _ _ .··..... _ . """""""'.... H.....,...· .. _..,

_

' '--.C--.II__.... PN
_E.Dooo"_,.,.....

......... D. • . _ ( C o n d . -.. '''''-' LJT7I. • . ' ...

Introduction

Two~I·'''''nllh<m'''l,e,,,Und
b<'_.th<,>
<pr.J
p")'<~>ldoonIti.llTho<

..

.. _

I>!_"..

t1.Ipath<>Ioc ~ .... tho .. of Of-",po'hoIoil'lAll I"'),
=:

:'':h><=::=~~''=':~hoIo..t''::':=';r= =::,:,ps~=,;;:~~;"'th< "'.,"Y",,"'I' ......"'m'mll ;' 1 of ol'. <',";"""". I>...,.

.....

1"';,"~K., ....

pr.o."' d..,d;";""';.", .... _"""""'" ....

p alholoiicol . A' ;m ; ~ d;'i .looi."'b
""'-"I"'J"'""*""".I, .... ""''''''1''"",1" 'i'.<><ar'.do';"' f"""!hed;"" ....,o1~l"'oI1'1 •. w.h;" ' 1p1til;'ic<'ioIoc1, . od'ho llW ";' ai l"'),Iop.,..hio:h ,... e"nd al .... ~ lefi
·~"::prob!e""h...

.....

di~..eolt
""qui"' ..."'It.. "'l"o'"""""''''''''' .... _'''' ''' ,.J,ley 1\a".. , ;... ' ;... B.. """mil"' .. t _

ll l'belho, ""'Jis' ....

_..,.lJ'riatf"""lIIefacldoal ... Ji .................... ., .... _ d i l f _ .• ........ po'hoIoiY _._~;.

ondio_icpal!!ojoa,lfi' ........ 104~fi
_'thot ..

Of$Micdisfurbono:< ...... penooaIilycMq.. ,ioill .... fact""" 'hoy . . presum04lOposoeso'ho ...... typedJlN<:tllre1Be)'<'OOd

.....,aI. podIoIol)'' ' ' _........... _.impo&iII."" ,..... .

_,",podIolol)'ond"l",,",po""""'n·Ihtr<~

-.a

likcoo .... y .... judioes, ..........
' ... m.li.< ... """'y_"'*'.lho ..... . . . - .. I_IdIi.<1O

"""w""" .... _ot_alpodIoI<>ay ....., ... ""'JN""'in..,...

=..:. _

:-=~~~=:..,~hi-.Jly

....... britto
,...

~=::.:=~~=;:.::':!:::

Mental Medicine And Organic Medicine

;':'!rn<'al pa!~k>sY 'don""" "'-I "''''''!oped"""",,,,,, U k<"'i.. i<~jd"". "",""Ime"""""' ..... oI·jl ........ indi< ... ~ . I' con>.'i"' ... · ·,.~8'jn .. hie"""...., . "'..,...dy f'tq_ .~ """be ' _n ....... ""'IM'jpe"';u....otod . portic .... Il>Ott>id .... if."._ ...,.,pKked""" wd;tor)'holl"'j . ...""' ..... ........ymptomol . potrinlo, ... I....... - .: ....... ronI • •loo . .. . ,ip of . partin ... _ ;.lf""". n . I'"

""".,;..... . """"mpIt';n"hkhlh<""""ro.n"O/Ih< of the ill..... ........... y,«I .....

~.;,,;"

:!:~.ndlhcir<""

.. oI0ti0ndcoe,ibed.ond ....

WU<

n """, be.«ful 'olom~.lMJ' . I"' "' ... !<' '''i''' Ih< Ji""' ol""'pt<"""U ""'1"'1<';P' _

. ._>r<........ _.culmi

mJhooId_.,_ .... f"',..dWdlryr
ion...,.
DooprI
..... in ... h;chlh<_"<>I

imq;...ioo_ ..paoibibly.C
' )'DopUsbo;;,y •

..w... - i. .... ..,..."' .... ""''''''''Yoi ... ,.,'''''<>I'''''-,;.:aI ydIopWtio:"'lIMWorioooll"""';",..td __

.,...,..,.,....iothe ..

dH$""" .... i~lOdi"inJlli .. from_oI oi .... """"··'

_ant'<

n.;',Lom
. y-'>. ..l:J"'lltIili'J ODd ,to. poraIysiJI.~ia.ond __

."itt ...toi
~bappau..

tu......paio: ....... ".. . . .«losi..,ypo"'lIOIosi
"'.,.,-..... p."oinoc"i""' _ . _ . ) ; ........ , ....... i a ( · _ I .. 'i ......,.., ...

_ bil;'ylOmate .. tff..... """,.OOo",h
~~~~='!r:"~~~"!,."'of"':"."~~:=:'~:":"~ iIy(lIdaeu • ........,.."......pmal""'i<'l)

O6o<"..... ,"_."""ofinI i... '.,;IIOio ·

hobi .. I l l _ I _ ,

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'-'_._"'"'-='.·Thj ....... too .. take. up by 8".Ier ....

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m

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... """'ho...iI...... · ··Y'''''_........... ill_ .... . tileiod<..,......ruI;,y._

erecIod

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_ _ briJllployedby_ "'........ _ _

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'rom .... _ _.

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_""_;~_"'.""'"'b""'_""

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n..~1"""_ ....... _iII,.lIio:b .... illaess de .. lopoaocltbo_..,._ ..... boiuda«!:i1 io boohtbo

ruIiIy ................. of .... ~ .....

"'IIoiopriorioylli_.,""_ot""*'iIJ'_ .... _.,..... ., ~podooIoo'aocI .... ,.,..otNJi.,.ot-.....;,,;q .... foeJd ot_podooIos)'_ ..... otor....,potboIop ... 1iqIe ......... ,Aher .. l. io_eaclt . .... dUlemo ••,... _ _ .,

~:.....:::=~:~=:::..~::.:

by III< ;0.,.,';1) 01 lII - ' by !be "0)' of

III<~

"";;:· .. ortolGolo{ . kxalko;""and ,bepsyd.olo,ical ;""' ...... ...,.. m .. "n.oI 100"",.11 m"U;,.,,,,,, do(;"i,. II< ,~IhaI._-tr"""",'ic_icalko;". ...yall
<.tpIa""'' ' '

.. m.t;,idual·. _

... .,M,.n'""""""'tof""" ....... d _

=':.~~,:.--:.""~=:.:':.::":,~~=::

op!tA>;o«.nno< ....... obje<"IIa'is.oowo.,h;m ... ber' ..... C>n .. ~f"'~if'" """"' ••• "nojo<';oordo,ro l "api'f, ,,,fr. ),di' ta""""'" 10 oIIowit,roindi"",.i, Ilti, <'t)' it! n", do. ign>.' .... , ", ~.ni< Of I. "'l' 1",-OIic.'tmJph)·,""'"". I_tily . l.

,hal.

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dj,app'"'' and III< "",,",lIItlol!beind;,tdual ' <><1ml

:':~.'~:=of~~~=i<""·Y"~"!beanalY'i'o{'''' B ) ' ""'''''~ Ihou.'ry'halitl'lO''ide>'''''''h<probI."""...

;,

.,intinal< •. !h;,_ oI""li lyi, ... lIoohptt<1"''''''''''"''''''''''

:;"=,;",=:;!<=!,:y'='=:="~; GoId
M1 .... , .. Iho_..,.,;..,oho ...... _~""I""'" _"'ooaIysisdiff...... '''''''_of .. pai<po ....... y ..... ..... ~;. ..11by .. _iceofw......., ..... tbe ............... <1111 1Ie_1O"-'of!hebody"..!"illDoua"'!he ..i"'I,"A .....,.poIhoIo;vosiqlho ...... _ _ ..... _ iolllepoJortIy ..ylbioal,<_~doou.i",ofbod1 ....... irodio"Iho-'of rulily J_A~,Io"'... iopomoiot)',Iholho ... Ihopolieof-..Ihoilloelo ......... p«y _ _ •

"'._.1O

.ddfo
~""''''''''~,iopOl/lolop
~=~-=y~!=::..~= ... _ _

of""""-'i!)' . C.JUialySel~'.~m.;,

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~pbe""""'''''''''''b

I1""

Iho ... _ .....u..:bottlli.-.""' ..... the1 " ' - i o Iheiriodi.iduaIlIy .. thoI!hey ... co.dc.- .... ut>iIr.,. _,Oathe"""....,-.i<;, .. - . . , ..... 'ilpouibiolO _'iopIotpllot>oo>oooio .. o...all _,.I00h0 •. fot .....pIe.bowio....-w_ •• illlilarlO_"''''phoidtake Iheirploooio .... "'_cIiotorboo
~:.=~..-~~":'=:..-;:~

..

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caIl.i.tlI<""",i>WoI)'_the11u .. •_ff
~.the';IIW.:a

ioeac~.Icm
_..,.,...--..lI>Icece.O"'e ...... wcyi.psy.:;hoIovondill pIIys;oIoty.aod1h<delimitaoo.of.potho!oti
w.... ""'.coIlecliooofobo>onnalf...... ofp/ly.~ili .. _ o f .. "'I ...;.",I-.... i·I~ .. i.. """".H~n.no . ..ublollow • • ,'octuttof .... ..1"'i<_ .. _ ... ~ik>Ii
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........... ·."""""'poooiIM~';.. .... _n,;o.Iit1 f.,.-"".,j ..... "'"

=1=~:'m"'::.=~=M;..."'"

l'psy.:;h;.ry.oo,II< .. "",itand.1htioclionbc<w"",_""'~i<""""'.'yd;t p .. ,wooppotodpolHoI........t podIoIoJy1hnaI;,ir:o:aod.

..r..-.d<.B"""".r"'"amp!o .... . fol_iol ....ilor

d_. ""b
t
<.. _,.otiooof-..-hi
....... ""IopIot<.ia .. B............... rio>< ..... u ..';C;O" I""" _...rn.-lOmorbid lonDllw.. "",.,,-,ol.p«<;" 1D&IysU00 .... pro« ...,,~.impI,mode_ib ... quaI;U'O;.. _iaIioo ..... opeoed .... "'y 10 •.." tiDd 01 cool ...... . Wboreulheill
..... ., ..... _-,.,ondodopood""P>-'< .............

no;.01=~:."':'"':~=.~.=:,~:.. _ _ lrooa u
~., ;,h

~'":=:.,:I:!.....~'~..":~::..~ _ _ 01 diaposi ...... " . - . . 01

isolalioo.

Mol ,he

lhenpaario ... ,.wilh.,hi iDoI
...,. ........ "",individ"'..,.oIlhe>iU&F',io """'... pot •

• ib .. .,i_lUmin hi._oriJi.....,.Mol",-...u"" ,he

porb<Warcllara<_·

;;:',;=~r.:.:,~'~.~==;=:.h: ==:~:.~~Ih:=.!i:.."';~r~

lhoeoclol'he .........u.cctltut}'.ol'he,..'SOftab'yol'he h' .... io:

Dispoooe_of)rj,orh<,ri&ht>byl"""Wrondf..,;ly.IIrro,," bock in., ""''''n procrioolly."""01 juridioolMol mor.1 m~ .
.... ""

"...,..be<.... 'he"' ••• oI .. ,oo, .."".. ibih'y .... propr>Se
....... jor.ya&_oIh,urri•. Bot,; ...... i . m.po.i"1 ,he Jrip 01 """,_OIIbnpoti<" 'rorn .... ,,,,,,.... ledhe, .. ,,,,,,,.poin'oI ··oIie_··ond

.... ioo .........

:: :;t:.~A".::.~7'.!~:::~"':r":~~ ;~R=

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::7:::.;~~~'K.:.:./~m.':,:ll<-:':'~

q:aiasltlI< .. alilyol hism
"""" •. IOwIoi
_ r.""""'..... b.".imply !'W"<.tllaltbo f""olby*'is I
~-::~':~'~~:.";';"~ ioodi.idual.,his en"-' ""' _ _ "P"'"_

'. lbe wne",.y"'~pb )'liolocy

OI>d"'~alp')'cl>o>Iocy

,tI..,, ..

s"_"""""",,,,.,r,'''>i&h< .. ;obn,oe' J'>,.rI<' w«"''''!'I><..",..".of"""alps'hoIos, ·nd

~=~;,~~~m£:7~:~:~=~ ob.ok
o lh
~0<1~~:;~:;::~"':; oh.o, ~
....

P·,d.,,""' ...

manq:«I., .... ;bul< .. ~,

_ _ 'mi .. ' ... «><>o1i'ion.'......... onad<pouible"".", ....

:j~.:.of madno" , . ... "' .. illn... .... tt

me. ........"

""''' q'''''ti«to .. i"'.."

p-"

1,Th< P>y<..,.,.iul Dim< ..iom of M."tol Ill .... . . . F""'oIC;.;l;'"""'"

llr.Y<~y

. - --.

1. __ ,,_ , . "".,",, ~.'""".'"

......... ......

<.-,-<_M."_('_) . . .. . _ . " ' - - _ _

a-,"'_.·""""_. ".,· '.GoIdMoOo._._ ..., _ ~M.

r...-_ ..... v.... '....·r

...................... 10_.

_ _ _ " . ")

PAR T I

The Psychological Dimensions of Mental Illness

2 Menial Illness And Evolution

Wheo .... io.".,(n>nO«Ib7.~'"' k p'be .. ,OII<'.'i ... impr< .. .... isof .. .......u,oY<no'II<'..... dd;.,;, .....h""_;O"; tho IMb;I;,yof."""'".......... jo<1 .. "' .... o>llI •• .... 1JIO«.tho ......... of ..... - , . ..... _I~o
i.-.. ,....

:::~~~:I;:.:..-:::.."":~~;:~

illn<.... _ot_esoeocured>~.h ...... t
_ _ ""'...._,ll
dWpplie, .. _liooKby«..,. Uo&Iho~_;._

..

t>o""".""'._nl, .."""hoIf,..y.

.... ""'IWI-«m>fII-d ..... "'io .. peart
.... -.."""""""'oh>
... ho .......... """'rh~_"'.di""""'""l«Idialop<."'i'_ =~;

«rtalo_.in.... '~

od.'''''''''... ,;",''' ....·

ly.impl, .", oI.oppn:!>«IfuocUoos; "",.to.i illn< .. ;, tIOIoaIy a _oI""""'.,'""..... .... 'u.....,.'.,dth'."''''''' !U/IC1ioo.''' ' 01 ",;. .. _t*,.I,y. I. "" ...."octdl.;. .... . • i.. _otlIUry p.ycholoiYlIIvile<.;t>;"I""op
"""""arioo

tac' ......talm .."eff..,.•. bW " IIl"' • .,plwi...,"" ""''''''' hMoI.K'"PI'f<'o!'< •• bW""""''''''''.i1ac".:r,,,,,, .. ,,tbe.-..ccoi _.taliU ..... I;",_""I,i"""'vcid"'''~IooII.".ou' .bu '.loo ;.~~=.i.,pI<m ""ho"rivi'... nl
.....

Whatdialoct", " illtaleOCOOWl, botboi

,ho"poo;,i .. r..".ano:t

~~~Uf:::~:;~;y'~i:~:~"':,,"~ peated ;. COO\St .........', ..

""i.. ~"'.,...j;""""'.ill""""

,H>Aalopeni"" , i"playor","n,.,i""ioomeond>pO«.,h< .... ioo 01 tho "j[J'!Ia!.oopt,ano:toolets 'ho<"""W';O" •. _

>«<"""tedbcho'·ior.""""''''''''' ... ..r.i· ...,'',,,,, .. Y w.!.impJc ; " h"w<...,"al i " , wi t h~""'di""";'te.loi<"", " • .... 'If!IOiop<,tbe 'Y" ... through"""'h""""i"lli,<""otilUte.lisMoi<'.,"""UIlw ""vi .... ;..roIi
... '"~ •. poIl"""'Ph"'.''''''I<",...

i"''' .......

..

~~:=:!:::::;:.~ ~:~.:~

The pooili""""rtOm< .. oItbeill ....... oppod.,''"'neJ''ti'''' """""""'.... ......... 1< .. Butlll .... ' ... ..-"'tbe"""fIbI •. SpalioIt:mpo.. I'l"'Ih
""'","'1'.."

i""'""bjeior .",luoWylll",.'",",,'i'y. ·"""""''')Y compromUod by P'><"""""" " f,eque" mrf..., .. ,"W,boo. ,«.""",",),,,,,dr
"'Io
lIIoilla
pt-.-.I ............. TbepoOlIoIoP:alproceso.UU"" ....... _ ._p/oeDiIe

LoooII .....

~oI',-""""f_

"'''''''''''''''' Il10''''_''''_01'

... ""....,

u.;';";w."""poinlthoo, .. '""'l' _ _ bylqooeot;o.i''''Joep:poooiblt'",hiM ",can ..... lyrepe.l' .... ,.,'-..;,oIhi. _ _ .", .. "..'"

_IOpori"""._."" ..

iati ..

;,i.......d""" ......

=.1.::':.",:,,':;::::':~~"7=i~:~ ._."".....,.''''''''_b,.mplwll... ri ..pI< ......Io.''''''' puIsi .. , .... B .. "'i. di!'..-....ce .. "n"'..... Io.
.. I
1IIo-.., ...."",....,ond_""''''"''...... oI ........

~.;~!'::==:.;..'7~=:'.7.:.

.... ,..,.i
kOod"""Ji ...
1op
look 0I-xn-.,"'_lioroond ........ " .. plwoboy"'spoo""""""'oIcoon1_.di
~iII\O.:!"=·"""''''<-d
.... ·"F<'

If. ""rdOfC.in •• inp,""' ...... '.""ill.... produ
oI;-u...roo.,,, "",.;,;rion • • ro
tbtou, _ _ .... "",b"'.voh.ioo io .........I
bldldl~ "IhiIOfIb "fO<\JIIY:

...... i'inlb.abourdilyol""_

.lo!ii'''I'l:ili>''........ lo!i''' .. op>aeallb~",.... "". B.. ; .Ibis ~lofi< eoch;ll .... w;II .... ; .~'O ... "p/lyOOfoornY:eoch_apIIical

.,.'Iy "iU fi""i"plac< , andl"ooote..

willbe
>twhini l >l>biliu4 .

""'bo>«! of

.. ,•• ""' y ...... ')' ."iOHlJo
_i<., ..

thc hi£!><s'l< .... ,oI . "oI .. iooollhe""'I>r>l"'b-.ysltln ... , .api. ')'IIOOymou,ly. of,hc ... b
of""""'"'""""...... lne"<'y;n....lymDr<>Ioo . S"""'tb<,,_"t«--.. ( '81').ith»noioqa........... ibI< .. ""'i'tb<,......;"" .. p"'.ofill"' .. :noiu'ion;, ;;~ ;~, d;""osiool":l''''hi
~,~f=.of:::::::..~".~~:~:~:t:

••

devclopmoot.ofil>"""" .. i.... fi ..'ims, .... mblel.'oIl.chooof tb< pod>oIoJ."II"' .. ",mt;"'of,b
iasIru_of~i.""OIOuIII--c"'pIw
dwiqwllidl_Mar)'I....... _ . ma~liUl< .... w<MI;,,' «Ipj....: thio;. ........ pIwiolo&i·

.... _

' .. drl;.,i ....... ,Uylol_ a..... """"'I"'ri'ic..'y""...,...oI_••"•. 'Iol... . Sk _yella> .... _ i I I ..... )'liaf · _. _"'!IIwuP ... ;"~ •• _oIlkb

"""owt.,

'hef;,.,_oIindIIio
.......

;" i"leJIf"w .. 'OfIII. Ambi ..le""' iI <SIabihlled ......... 1Il di-...ionoiaffomvi",' ... ombi ... n«oIfood .... hich ... iafie • .,."IO .... oI<.lWtho,_oI<_]$ ~b,-

.... "",
~':':..":',;,':::.~=~.:h:.: :ti-::::7~~':

"""".JOIDOIime.f_."",

_imoo"",mined ""' ..... puoilllcd. hi.dur .... thi. pIw<'ho'"h .. MelIIlieKIe .. ' .. ' . ....

·fIOOIIjo< .. •• ...... o!oIiIIIcd;buI

....

laIo·'ombiJIIi"oI ...... objo« .......""'.""' .... r......... thioperioddeool ........ ""'·oao:Ii"i< ..... ··,,,...IIi"'..... _.ioNI .ysoIromeo : Iho.-'l
01...,. ""' . .iII;.,......

""",pli ....

~R<~~"':..~!' =::J:.:,,"'::::::~_.,

0/ """'... o/oquiliMu",. ""' ...... _oitiooO/ ..lfi.'... _ ...... perieoccol _ ·. ..... bodyi. «>CllIiIlMCl. Arr""'i.i"

_~

... "",jo<_""alf_iooof... oIem.ood r...

«!tp>I' .. iII .. '"":...,;stismt>ecom<>

. _ _ of ... ..r.,. _ _ •..... body.pri.ilqed ... ualotoi«'. "",brtaOillIIoi. _ _ ""OiIy
_i«imt~

~_ . J' i.iodld

...iou. _of«lfll"l'Ulexperi •

............ lty>I
""' _ _ d i _ l l i m iltadvuc<: ""'bysoeri<.. f . . . . - d w ........ ' f ........ ~ •• peti
ot>ioct>..-phoo_ ........... b
:~c!::::i~W-oldbol-fWot_"""""aIod 4,Yl8OlJy ... diot.odot.lliklllood ....... ot>jo
pIoo:-.o.-""' ..... in""'... , ...h . - . . . r f i.........

_Ui< .. ioo ... itb ' ... por.."of .............. l1 .. ;,,~ oo lhi . di f ~ . MdOO ........""""'"ot_ .. • ... ~l·_ the_· ...i_""" .... ambjV&lenc
.

""'pIiII.i.O/foct.fi._in._otjeoloolo,.

=~~.;:~=~~ .:=:i~=.:...":""'.-.wt;"..:.:

it bruk. - . i... .. .;." b
"'< __

-'1.,....

_oI .... ....

_""'poil" .. ...hi<....., ......... b
io. _tiII~ i<.........

...... N.,,,,,,,i.i • • • _are''->lDl101, ... fi_ J"",". ""' ...... ""' ... J..k>onion ........ i< .. qIe. Tho f .. J-o/f;" Pk>Ii
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PA RT

II

Madness and Culture

Introduction

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hicl 1..... '" <=1'

5 The Historical Constitution of Mental Illness

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:::':'r.:!...~"U~-",--;,the

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_...d.i<~;,""_.oI_I;,.NrrnI.R ......I • ...d

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lor .... rra'tnICi
6 Madness: An Overall Structu re

WW .... jI»oboon..;d ;.noIinleDded ..... prioricriti
.... p/o<_of _ .or'" :=~:.~~::=~~"'.=:;= =~~....::...~ ":-.~.::':=.: ~.::: 1"'Y"1ooIoI)',n.e.ery_oI .. -..iu.....··;. '... "I'!<"... ""y_""""'
..

ot .. _ mpl doomedfT<>m .... """"t,Wh .. i. c.olk4 ··_ ill_

1

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A' f;,sI.;,h',i' ..... d"" _ _ .... ,-.

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.. """"

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Thereisoomethi"ll ...... m 1b".poal IO( ~iff"'no:J>I;=

..

:=:~~ ~:r:.~,,~u:.i:~'":~;::~::

poo;ti",,,,IOIiOIIi••I'od ,h
lIomwithi.,.I«,etpp i.Ih« ....... i'WCf<. Thisin ... ioni. 1hot00 ....

1""""" .~· hkhp]...., .....

0th<._Id""Ik ...... I< ..<1

.. lhi.oo<.onoloofrow>d leveJ ... i' .... '. , A1."""It."""""

loo,.' _ _ riti't.Kw"'ld

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i'du~i<".«Iin.

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~'S;~~~dS:s~~:~:=_~ &mi<·afF..._, n. 6r"is""'h<'J"'boh< . ~i ..... 01 mooIno .. ""' .... .".,."""""'projo<1ionoI.
;:=r;=;'i:;'"Ih~'~h~~::~=":~~:;: ,aIut;"'Ihc''''''''''''l'led
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..

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pcrieroooo.-..-..lOtirllshopodw ...... oIIuo!l'''''''''ortie
~':!~::'bX~£:::,:::;:..~ ....-III
_

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.,..;por.u y~_

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"""_mcnIsi",~ic"""'OK.....,.:Ionddel..... ""","io~

pIoy; _ _ _ OIIdlllltheriroolsol ...d .. iooo ......=1

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n.o..ucI.. _

... y ..,. ooconIi.. "' diff..... fype.oI<11lture:

i• • the .. dlffO< ..... I;.,.eo_ . o o _ . r.... miloo .". y 1romthevillat
-,

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_

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...

pbeDomeooool ......... itilthe • • _ o I l1tio fllrabold _ _ ru...,_._b.jodpt. ...... _._.....r_witlltlle
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in ' .... thc"""iol Jroup(bukoll)· thIi .. Ih<
Of.imply .. ".. ..""'fromtbefamily i.immedi... ,y
Japu.on the".h,,,b.od,the'nY;""""""' ;.muc"III".","''''' _""t;"" " ,.. 'ruonbci ... lh
rea..,.,.tiI>tlo""'.tbe" .... ".. ",,.,.. ,,""""'Europeuo .. y....... iou.<'i~istbattbelevli"" .... >O
""ri.. ......od ....

"""".oItht.,,.iroom<"".lh>lt""'y, ... i"' ........'t tho, II

;~::=::!'~':=-'=:~::';:;':;:':_ol

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iDbi!~iIy

And t ... "'.........""uf.poY"""""''''''''cy .. illp!oo_

•

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coce .....
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_._loI ..

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'

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.. b<."".,.,"' .... pobon'.I"' iK~ .. b<"'p«led ..

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_

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bo"""....r;._ ..""inI<sn
wr.. •.

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NIeotbotlol_ loiode. . r _•• _JcItbo<wooldbo odapoed

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::.~: ::::~r.~~:i.f~t::;::::.=~

_ionaI;"";tulK>m • • ,.'tuI, do<.noI proj«;< in ,ooI;'y

;~;i~:E.~t~~::~=To~~~t=:.:

:;~d!=R::'~O:z:.:.::;Z:',::::,,':.'.~ ''''''t;••riun,andpatholoJ;;" .....g""i...,''''p''''ible oo'y ... pn . aU<..". thottbe,,,,,,;pty,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,IIatooci.ol,,,,,,,,,oo ""'peo-mil ''''' ...omi' .. '''''of '''''p ... ' ;.''''''''poeo
.,'.,;a,iooaI """""';.m oltho Weinw Repoblic). oneuMonUn60

=~·:~~::::~:::~~=2 '''''",.";.;t...i'' ...

1.... """'m.:..""h<>k>sic.lroro.. ..

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::::..: :':='~::;;"'7';:';~:~~~i;:""~~,~.7=~ i"

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b< ..

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=::, ::;;::..'7'!~,-:..~": ::,~","=

"""!orm<". Iti, "",tIlII,etil""' i,4e'.,""'''''''no'''",,,,,'I1o'

tbeiDdj.idu . I.t>eyoodl"<>< 'Hby"l ls;iOII.~,hi>mon

'.'I'<"p<1<"""".,.I"';I,·.· 8.,reli,.,.,
oIlhe"".IoriUlliOll 01 ,.I1We: re';,ion may t>e the objoco 01

"o/ ."""""" ....I""pcrmi.. ~'~i~~~~~=.::.:;;~:::;:.::::.:;,~~ ilt>eIoq ""'""",i.. ico •• thohall""i""""Y " perieraoi oppaoi,,,-. ono;I''',.i
eIie/i.ooI .... ' h
:":;:..":~;:~=:;;:.:::~;:~ ~ i. 'b... f...

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==,;,~~:,:,~1<.7::::':::'oi~=~.~ coaf-.d .. Ill< prol>ie"" !I ill_liod •• privi!
_

th<.Iome"'.oIth<"""'odklioo.,.i""'apot

_of-'1i<1. i.lhe bum.oo """"""' ..... ,bu"imply h«....

"""moh .oI""".oomodicl.. y• •I"f'oen«,n.. "",ioI"lo""". ... pIoitalion 11""9 ,i.alry. or cl.., ""'UI<.oIl" .... . n"perie"""oIhi> th>t_nnioe'CIII """in lh< f """ oI ~Iioo ,

~;:..~-:,::::==,~=,,:!y:::'~, tlw'oq/lnel.rive (..boldepentleJtu,lh< low.oI ro<.Ie"". tIl>t

::.~::::::::~:oo,,:.f::=:I~m';::::: form 01 ,bote I...... , 'h< uni •• ..at.ity of OOO oipifiotoloo.'il ity . ....:i ", .. foti><,I""" ...

y_""" ~::b';" ':''';;~=i~'~!':",~~i~':~:':=

i n"'~hhi.""'i ol "l oI"""

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'hild dotooOOlhi....HbriD. "' .. Io.. _!o&""'''bind. lUmlo hl, (IOr,h< ...... ilooIy ;" th< oduh _Id.>p«u>«l by,h<

OIIi_"'P-
tbeoldlh<m<"'"th<W'*" oI ..... .-ldht><'i"

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ilUIillC' .i "whi
"."'f)' .·.. "ill ..preS>
i. F"' ... •. ... in.inl.O'-, ,ot,"". OWClOhw, ..... "p
=E~~:::i:hS~~:::;~~:=t~!

"""","'".I'>yd"qi>l>r.."",&lIed"'i, ,,pce ·'ombi .. 1co<e··andh..-,,,,,,nil .. . ,,,,,rri<''''i. ,,i''''''.Am)fhoqyboi''

",:' ..~=;;:'~"._.in'bei''''''''''''''''''',''' dni""", •• n;q.., """""","'U.. potll<>loP<.I....,.r.j,...:I 'hi.

:!~:~:'~~'~ ~'::!.':"=';i=

I"i..", " ..Id" ", ... hi<pot"n' "iII>do-.w, .. r..."of"" _."')' .. i>t'ocei,<''''''o/'beOMalOi.'

:"..:;~:'"'":.:: ~':.;,~"',:::,:~~: =';;".d,! "'''''''iniw ... '' ......... i'nottll<m.,i'''''... 'ityof .

.

.

:-:"'=~:';=~~ ':;~~:;:~ ~,~::::,:...,~":.:: tioo> ,h" it 0.. ..... ri .. "'. If ,I>< '"""'-I.,wj<

Ion, ..,.

oI""""""impri """th<."."_~ th"projw' i<,i '~""

=.:~~ lti~=:~~~~~~; it ..

:=~:a;':~~~t:~=m~:':::~

morbid .....ldin""'ich.~" . ... i"""" _ _ i>.i .. i'. tlI<

,Ili." lot it io "" by lrisIIinI '0 eoctp< it tbat"""

...... "' .. c.,....

1It}'_. .,.di"_.,. ...

beyood ... ,ity. A " ..,clell h.. _S&idabou'ootl"mporo«old"""" lfloc'i"" ""1Iionsbe',......... . Thi.

_

_ioni.,,,,,_.•trooonc . andi,i,oo,,,,,idt:.. ,,,,,roday

""'_id_ld tUe'''"''''''''''''' .. ut«ol • ......:ddi.whkh _ ....... k ,,,iotIobty tldodes ""'oontin""" •• pot>O>J>e.i,yol'b< all«tivem•. Bu, i, ...,.ldbe ... ord" A ylhl1 tbo,kk man mochi.i=n;,,,otldhca""''''projo<1 • • ,,,hizoplucnk_l
"" is ~"'::'~':::ot:YIn"l:~,':::':'':;= != ""'fCOO"'i'"

1"""" .... tak• • ptacoi.h;" I.. I ........ "".hc , .. .. yb""""'.li. "'* .~licll ... io thtprodU<"""'O!hi.octl.iI}'

~n~..:::1<":7"'~·=~a:0<:..';~"'~ cultutotbot
, .nanl<' in , real worki.hci"h"""b.
" poi " "

:::.:~~ =~=~ :is'%~ :'::':::~~.':':':

"""ldin"hich hoi.iI«inI .. bi,fll<. 'T1w;"'"''''I''''''y"",,1d

:::.::~~.::.:~:.:c::':';";;:=;~ suclI''''rthat"""hitn",ll c",""" ,"""",izrhim.dlhim io;'

?:".:~"'=:::'::'=;:'::::~:-;;~:icS::: '

ion,'"

TOlUmup.i,milhtt>< S&id , ... tI"'r>ychol<>a;iclf di.., • •

:".::!:.::.'~,:;,.w::"~u::;"":''';Yb.~= .... _ .. b.......""oi>. inn:lorion ",indi.idu. I,I")'<"""'lic.1 hiNo
.. y'hi<. ,,,-,plMaOiM< .. tbe .. ol.'iotIo/psr·

«>t)'ol""""""O<"'
"" " "'''''''P
_,lIl
.mh , ...... pt)' ............. of .. poosObiJ;'l<; .. ...,....".tipneo

.. ...... ... - _OOO ,... ""........................ ..,.- ......... ...

L " . _..... _

.

........... , ... .. , .. _

_ _ ....., ""',..,_ .. tN ....

,

~.....,. ,..-

~

.... ......- _

Conclusion

' ''''..

~_td~ .,'''''pII~...:I_

~"-~

....lalillllets"'l0_

""""";"1O<"IIniqu
B_ and _

_

.......ly._ _ . '"

""..,~.-smc.,

*""lIt ..........~ '" I'O)'
.......,."""ldbc..,.p..,""""'hc.-nr,.S., .. ilho:f

~-:.~o:;!:":~=~..~.:

""',)'<.......'''''''''

............... Ak
_loirlyl_··deI .. _ " ' .._ · · .. IlI
.. iDdo ...

k.oow.....,.~i.~y.

~::"'-:J'I~"':.!j~:':-';'h":

:=:!..~~~!.~:..:~~=;i,pIaI>alioo'''_ioo

~=~-;.~::n~~7;~~.:=:=~;;',::;':.:

"" .... ""'-n&< h>.! "", . 'i"" 01 ru. ..""' ........ ',Olu'holhi.prO:le,and"""'oIhi'abililylOf"'. .. >«11f""" ........ "",I<.;,i,Ihe'n" ....""' •• in tbol ..... .,, lno "l«IJe.oI . H"""' l"fdtoIt>~"".p"..."_oIi11 ..... ''''''h. Il
=:~-=I:!"~':!',:.~:=:,"';'",~w!:,,:~I0~:~ ~:,~:'..::,;;' th< luod"",,""1 po,M... 'IlIi, ",I".",. which i.

t'"

plli ~ ,"""'ical

""',ho i, him..lftbo

I'""'
sib l

inth
;:=::~~::';nJ~:=;t~~

oI .. 'u ... tl!.o,;,"' .. ~.'pro< ....,;.""i.. ..,""'._.... irin ... < !• ..,., and inth<Ji= .... dI"ili .. u."....d.be< . .... "th< ...... l ofhi,

=:~;..~.=,;:t~=.;.~.:;:.::~~ =";.i'·"..,~;=~:':::,:

only ~· bon_ .Iu.J .'"'od~"""'m"l
'lI
..... N<_',it 10 ",)'CboIotytllo,

..m.'.. ';\e.' . ~.""""doi>""".""",_. ~m;~:"""::::::,"~:='~~~~~

SOIojE DATES 1"1 'fHE IiISTOAV OFPSVCHIATAV

.-19]

lOll

~;!_pkY'''''''",''''''' '''''''''''''i'''''''''''of "~VLE·'_ . R"·.",Jo"'.",,_,,,,_, (deI _.

00001 .........."''''')

I.-:J "~ll.lARG[R'_I.. ~_.. _~J'fw' " "'A<;KSON.o-.....iMUci.'" lI19J
n~UJ;R""FRO;UO.S-.,

.. H,,,.n.

l ""'JANEl". L ·_·_",~.....

' _ FREUO.··."'Y",oI.""""", ... Fi ... V•.,.QId..,,

··

1. . . .1lE<:O. ·· ... "...,.A_N"".oo .. A _ _ ""

""""'''' . C... 01 ...- .·· (· ·",. <; ... ''''''' ...... · ·\ '911"lEVL£R."""._Iff
J.SPUS.Gt...-.lP,~_11

'92IFR[(JO.B.,.... ...

P/'.,... ""oripI,

/i"·_R
'916.AVW~.C"••

P>"'ioIo,;,...,.""'''' .... C".-C..". •.

- ,-

"Theo:nsooosness~thepabenlhasotllosilnessi$ SIf~~,onginaI,'*"'->gctlO.Jklbef\'lOf'lillU

IIIMllhe>l?)'ttlol....onessillSiIf'IilhessltiatlSLIrIIIWMlIof

ilsellillSsuch;thedistb:ebet-.tI'IoansaDllSllOS$ "'Iho
.-_the_

~ ....... ~. irlcludinGitsWlye>isllna!,Thopa!Jent re:ognizesl'lls~ond~oovesr.m •

oI""~dilletmotseparall1glWnlmmthe~

andlheCOOS<:lOlNleSSot
=:_Of ll'leessentilll~Of

Thil.semiI'III,Nrtt_"'~ .. ~1O

~h1s~illSlti'ttnIo!<,l'o\"iIteflll1 ~aoorevtSed"l962. ~lbssald~

i!eWlemstheshol'llNl(lO;:alrlftl r. FoucauII'sIlloughl duringl!li$penodPMIlretecls~Arty~

.. freudlll'ldthe~tr1ditJoo,~oI FreOO,~isSlillco:!l!!lldngwiltlfrN:l'silbra PaI1I1,~inl!l6.2' ~''''''''''d'wIgoif1 fou::UI~trriing_~lhehlsloryolmDless'"

sociajnlaill,.Qjcoostrua,behasFlllJlOOOJooISldoIlllthe ~lr1IIiIJor1i11olhe_Cl~OQUe"'FrM

ltIOI_IOIIomio:1aePlilIllef..,... ~ __ lf)(/~IS"~o:Ioo.Jrnom tn.r:injltheinlllloctuaje'lUJbonDithis"""""'ial lh;nbrA

/ofe¥oooj~II\ItIertClr~,o;:o.1lf\horofMidlti~,

8t¥nIStruc:t.niismirldHermwltuics(1982I,$llWtes theboolc wit~intheerobrecorwsolfoucaJl't~....n.

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