Newspaper Russian: A Vocabulary of Administrative and Commercial Idiom

TOM DICKINS AND IRINA MOORE

Ñ ÀÇÎÂ S AZOV

Edited and produced by ALEKSANDR POLYAKOV

S AZOV (Russian from Scratch)

(Russian from Scratch)

TOM DICKINS AND IRINA MOORE

Ñ ÀÇÎÂ

INDEX

‘S AZOV’ (Russian from Scratch) • Introduction and acknowledgements (iii) • Table of contents (iv-ix) • Summary of the principal grammar points (x-xii) • Introductory Chapter (Pages 1-16) • Chapter One - Introductions (Pages 17-32) • Chapter Two - An object lesson (Pages 33-50) • Chapter Three - Work / Nationality (Pages 51-64) • Chapter Four - At the airport (Pages 65-80) • Chapter Five - Shopping for food (Pages 81-98) • Chapter Six - I can’t hear you very well! (Pages 99-116) • Chapter Seven - At the hotel (Pages 117-134) • Chapter Eight - Russian cuisine (Pages 135-150) • Chapter Nine - Now and then (Pages 151-168) • Chapter Ten - Hobbies and interests (Pages 169-192) • Chapter Eleven - Health (Pages 193-210) • Chapter Twelve - Education (Pages 211-230) • Chapter Thirteen - My family and (other) animals (Pages 231-248) • Chapter Fourteen - The weather (Pages 249-270) • Chapter Fifteen - A horrible sight (or aspect?) (Pages 271-292) • Chapter Sixteen - In the town (Pages 293-314) • Chapter Seventeen - Bon voyage! (Pages 315-342) • Chapter Eighteen - At home (Pages 343-362) • Chapter Nineteen - Personal information (Pages 363-382) • Chapter Twenty - A further step in reading and writing (Pages 383-410) • Listening passages (Pages 411-436) • Vocabulary (Pages 437-536)

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The authors, Tom Dickins and Irina Moore, decided to write ‘S azov’ (Russian from Scratch) because of the lack of suitable communicative ab initio Russian language courses for more mature learners. ‘S azov’ has been used extensively with our own degree-level students, and has thus benefited from considerable testing in practical classroom situations. It is appropriate for a wide range of learners, from school pupils with a background in foreign languages to evening-class students and undergraduates and postgraduates. The textbook consists of an introductory chapter and twenty further chapters based on themes which exemplify and consolidate a series of new linguistic concepts. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of authentic up-to-date materials, such as advertisements, newspaper clippings, timetables, tickets, official forms and recent photographs, and on the creation of meaningful and relevant contexts for language learning. Wherever possible, the students are asked to deduce unfamiliar syntactic and morphological principles for themselves from regular paradigms, before being required to apply the new rules or to cope with irregularities.

INTRODUCTION

Introduction and acknowledgements

Each chapter begins with a summary of the competences which the students will acquire and with a list of the main points of grammar which are to be introduced. Roughly equal weighting is given to the four skills (speaking, reading, listening and writing), which are developed through a series of lexical and interactive activities, including memory games, crosswords, gap-filling tasks and role plays. Vocabulary glossaries are provided at the foot of each page, where necessary, and there is a comprehensive alphabetical Russian-English and English-Russian vocabulary list at the end of the course. There is also a grammar section at the end of each chapter, with more detailed explanations and grammatical exercises. All the listening activities are recorded on audio cassette by educated native Russian speakers and are accompanied by transcripts. We are enormously indebted to our friend, Aleksandr Polyakov, who painstakingly produced and designed the layout of the course. Particular thanks go to our former colleague and Head of Russian, Peter Rooney, for his invaluable support and encouragement, to Ludmila Khalilova for her contribution in the early planning stages and to Elena Kazimianets for her work on Chapters 10, 15 and 20. We also wish to express our gratitude to Katrina Fraser and Igor Babanov for their practical help and to Vicki Whittaker for sharing the benefit of her knowledge of publishing. We would similarly like to acknowledge Linda Aldwinkle and Christine Barnard of the University of Westminster for the interest that they have shown and for their constructive feedback.Without their assistance and the efforts of numerous other colleagues and friends, the task of completing ‘S azov’ would have been considerably more onerous, if not altogether impossible. Finally, there is one academic source which merits a special mention, namely ‘A Comprehensive Russian Grammar’ by Terence Wade. We consulted this unparalleled work extensively when writing our Grammar sections, and we owe a great deal to Professor Wade’s clear and detailed explanations. The authors acknowledge all registered trademarks as belonging to their respective owners. Tom Dickins and Irina Moore School of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences, University of Wolverhampton November, 2003 A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents Introductory Chapter (Pages 1-16) 1. the Cyrillic alphabet 2. word recognition 3. pronunciation Chapter One - Introductions (Pages 17-32) Competences 1. understanding basic introductions 2. using appropriate greetings 3. recognizing and forming patronymics Grammar 1. the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) 2. the possessive pronoun ‘my’ 3. regular plurals Chapter Two - An object lesson (Pages 33-50) Competences 1. identifying and locating objects 2. expressing possession 3. stating where you live 4. recognizing numbers Grammar 1. the possessive pronouns ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’, ‘their’, ‘whose’ 2. the verb ‘to live’ 3. the prepositional case after â and íà 4. the numerals 1 to100 Chapter Three - Work / Nationality (Pages 51-64) Competences 1. recognizing and talking about jobs 2. stating your nationality and identifying the nationality of other people 3. expressing movement on foot and by transport 4. using simple constructions of time Grammar 1. the use of ïî (+ dative) in set expressions 2. the verbs ‘to work’ (ðàáîòàòü) and ‘to go’ (èäòè, åõàòü) 3. the accusative case with movement and expressions of time Chapter Four - At the airport (Pages 65-80) Competences 1. speaking with a passport control officer and a customs officer 2. changing currency 3. reading addresses and telephone numbers 4. understanding airport announcements

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter Five - Shopping for food (Pages 81-98) Competences 1. finding your way around a Russian supermarket 2. saying ‘I have / I haven’t’ 3. expressing a request 4. asking about the price of food 5. asking where somebody / something is from Grammar 1. adjectives (m, f, n, pl) in the nominative case 2. the prepositional singular of adjectives 3. the genitive singular of nouns 4. the genitive of personal pronouns 5. the numerals 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Grammar 1. the prepositional case ending -ó after â and íà 2. the prepositional case after î (about) 3. the accusative case to indicate the direct object

Chapter Six - I can’t hear you very well! (Pages 99-116) Competences 1. using the telephone 2. saying how old you are 3. expressing likes and dislikes (using the verb íðàâèòüñÿ) 4. shopping for clothes Grammar 1. expressing possession (‘to have’) 2. the numerals 1,000 + 3. impersonal expressions and the dative case (pronouns and singular nouns) 4. the accusative of adjectives Chapter Seven - At the hotel (Pages 117-134) Competences 1. booking a hotel room 2. registering 3. finding your way around the hotel 4. making general requests 5. saying ‘there is / are (not)’ Grammar 1. ordinal numerals 2. the declension of titles 3. the instrumental singular of nouns and personal pronouns (after ñ) 4. the accusative case to express duration of time 5. the verbs ‘to want’ (õîòåòü) and ‘to speak, say, tell’ (ãîâîðèòü)

A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Eight - Russian cuisine (Pages 135-150) Competences 1. reading a Russian menu 2. ordering a meal 3. expressing a preference 4. asking for a bill Grammar 1. the instrumental singular of adjectives 2. the instrumental plural of nouns 3. the instrumental case of function (without a preposition) 4. the verbs ‘to eat’ (åñòü) and ‘to drink’ (ïèòü) Chapter Nine - Now and then (Pages 151-168) Competences 1. talking about past events 2. saying when things happened 3. asking about and answering things in the past (affirmative and negative) Grammar 1. the past tense of regular verbs 2. the instrumental case after the verbs áûòü, ñòàòü, ðàáîòàòü 3. the reflexive verbs (present and past tense) 4. the dates (years - ‘â 2002 ãîäó’) Chapter Ten - Hobbies and interests (Pages 169-192) Competences 1. talking about hobbies and interests 2. speaking about sport, cinema, theatre 3. expressing ‘wrong’ in Russian Grammar 1. the genitive singular of adjectives 2. the instrumental plural of adjectives 3. double negatives (íèêîãäà íå, íèêòî íå, íèãäå íå etc.) 4. the multidirectional verbs of motion, õîäèòü and åçäèòü Chapter Eleven - Health (Pages 193-210) Competences 1 saying how you feel 2. calling an ambulance 3. making an appointment with a doctor 4. giving and seeking advice Grammar 1. the dative singular of adjectives 2. the dative plural of nouns 3. the dative plural of adjectives 4. verbs of the type ÷óâñòâîâàòü 5. diminutive nouns

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Twelve - Education (Pages 211-230) Competences 1. understanding school and university timetables 2. filling in and interpreting forms relating to education 3. expressing precise time using dates and years Grammar 1. the genitive case with dates 2. the prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives 3. the genitive plural of nouns and adjectives Chapter Thirteen - My family and (other) animals (Pages 231-248) Competences 1. talking about your family 2. talking about animals Grammar 1. pronouns 2. the animate accusative 3 miscellaneous nouns 4. prepositions which take the accusative case Chapter Fourteen - The weather (Pages 249-270) Competences 1. understanding a Russian weather forecast 2. enquiring about the weather 3. comparing the weather in different seasons and countries 4. expressing ideas relating to frequency Grammar 1. adverbs derived from adjectives 2. the verb áûâàòü and ‘frequency’ adverbs 3. negative adverbs 4. the future tense of the verb áûòü 5. the comparative of adjectives and adverbs 6. the superlative of adjectives and adverbs Chapter Fifteen - A horrible sight (or aspect?) (Pages 271-292) Competences 1. distinguishing between the imperfective and perfective aspects 2. using the appropriate aspectual form in the past 3. using the appropriate aspectual form in the future Grammar 1. perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix 2. perfective verbs formed by the process of shortening 3. perfective verbs formed by other internal adjustments 4. perfective verbs formed in other ways

A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Sixteen - In the town (Pages 293-314) Competences 1. asking for and giving directions 2. asking for and giving information 3. asking for and giving instructions 4. making and carrying out requests Grammar 1. the formation of the imperative 2. the prepositions which take the instrumental case 3. the formation of the conditional mood 4. the formation of the subjunctive mood Chapter Seventeen - Bon voyage! (Pages 315-342) Competences 1. expressing the time of the day (a.m./p.m.) 2. telling the time more precisely 3. understanding train and plane timetables 4. requesting and giving information about travel Grammar 1. reflexive verbs 2. numerals in oblique cases 3. unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion 4. compound verbs of motion Chapter Eighteen - At home (Pages 343-362) Competences 1. talking about household goods and chores 2. talking about everyday electrical appliances 3. talking about broken equipment and faults Grammar 1. the pronoun ‘-self’ (ñàì) 2. the pronoun ‘such’ (òàêîé) 3. verbs with consonant mutation 4. the verb ‘to put’ Chapter Nineteen - Personal information (Pages 363-382) Competences 1. talking about ages, weights and heights 2 talking about people’s appearance 3. talking about personality types Grammar 1. expressions of approximation 2. the short form of adjectives 3. nouns in apposition 4. the particle ëè

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Twenty - A further step in reading and writing (Pages 383-410) Competences 1. using essay lubricants 2. writing a letter 3. using different forms of address 4. understanding and using abbreviations Grammar 1. participles (long and short forms) 2. gerunds 3. fill vowels

ix

GRAMMAR SUMMARY

Summary of the principal grammar points BASICS the Cyrillic script (Introductory chapter) word recognition (Introductory chapter) pronunciation (Introductory chapter) CASES AND THEIR USAGE NOMINATIVE CASE

the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) (Chapter 1) the possessive pronoun ‘my’ (Chapter 1) regular plurals (Chapter 1) the possessive pronouns ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’, ‘their’, ‘whose’ (Chapter 2) adjectives (m, f, n, pl) in the nominative case (Chapter 5) ACCUSATIVE CASE

the accusative case with movement and expressions of time (Chapter 3) the accusative case to indicate the direct object (Chapter 4) the accusative of adjectives (Chapter 6) the accusative case to express duration of time (Chapter 7) prepositions which take the accusative case (Chapter 13) GENITIVE CASE

the genitive singular of nouns (Chapter 5) the genitive of personal pronouns (Chapter 5) the genitive singular of adjectives (Chapter 10) the genitive case with dates (Chapter 12) the genitive plural of nouns and adjectives (Chapter 12) the animate accusative (Chapter 13) DATIVE CASE

the use of ïî in set expressions (Chapter 3) impersonal expressions and the dative of pronouns and singular nouns (Chapter 6) the dative singular of adjectives (Chapter 11) the dative plural of nouns (Chapter 11) the dative plural of adjectives (Chapter 11) INSTRUMENTAL CASE

the instrumental singular of nouns and personal pronouns (after ñ) (Chapter 7) the instrumental singular of adjectives (Chapter 8) the instrumental plural of nouns (Chapter 8) the instrumental case of function (without a preposition) (Chapter 8) the instrumental case after the verbs áûòü, ñòàòü, ðàáîòàòü (Chapter 9) the instrumental plural of adjectives (Chapter 10) the prepositions which take the instrumental case (Chapter 16) x

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

the prepositional case after â and íà (Chapter 2) the prepositional case ending -ó after â and íà (Chapter 4) the prepositional case after î (about) (Chapter 4) the prepositional singular of adjectives (Chapter 5) the prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives (Chapter 12) GENERAL DECLENSIONS

the declension of titles (Chapter 7) diminutive nouns (Chapter 11) miscellaneous nouns (Chapter 13) short forms of adjectives (Chapter 19)

GRAMMAR SUMMARY

PREPOSITIONAL CASE

PRONOUNS pronouns (Chapter 13) the pronoun ‘-self’ (ñàì) (Chapter 18) the pronoun ‘such’ (òàêîé) (Chapter 18) VERBS CONJUGATIONS the verb ‘to live’ (æèòü) (Chapter 2) the verbs ‘to work’ (ðàáîòàòü) and ‘to go’ (èäòè, åõàòü) (Chapter 3) expressing possession (‘to have’) (Chapter 6) the verbs ‘to want’ (õîòåòü) and ‘to speak, say tell’ (ãîâîðèòü) (Chapter 7) the verbs ‘to eat’ (åñòü) and ‘to drink’ (ïèòü) (Chapter 8) reflexive verbs (present and past tense) (Chapter 9) the past tense of regular verbs (Chapter 9) verbs of the type ÷óâñòâîâàòü (Chapter 11) the future tense of the verb áûòü (Chapter 14) reflexive verbs (Chapter 17) verbs with consonant mutation (Chapter 18) the verb ‘to put’ (Chapter 18) VERBS OF MOTION the multidirectional verbs of motion, õîäèòü and åçäèòü (Chapter 10) the unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion (Chapter 17) the compound verbs of motion (Chapter 17) ASPECTS perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed by the process of shortening (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed by other internal adjustments (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed in other ways (Chapter 15) IMPERATIVES

the formation of the imperative (Chapter 16) A new ab initio Russian course

xi

GRAMMAR SUMMARY

MOODS the formation of the conditional mood (Chapter 16) the formation of the subjunctive mood (Chapter 16) GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES gerunds (Chapter 20) participles (long and short forms) (Chapter 20) ADVERBS negative adverbs (Chapter 14) adverbs derived from adjectives (Chapter 14) the verb áûâàòü and ‘frequency’ adverbs (Chapter 14) COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs (Chapter 14) the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs (Chapter 14) NUMBERS AND DATES the numerals 1 to 100 (Chapter 2) the numerals 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000 (Chapter 5) the numerals 1,000 + (Chapter 6) the ordinal numerals (Chapter 7) the dates (years - ‘â 2002 ãîäó’) (Chapter 9) numerals in oblique cases (Chapter 17) DOUBLE NEGATIVES the double negatives (íèêîãäà íå, íèêòî íå, íèãäå íå etc.) (Chapter 10) MISCELLANEOUS äàâíî or äîëãî? (Chapter 19) expressing approximation (Chapter 19) nouns in apposition (Chapter 19) the particle ëè (Chapter 19) fill vowels (Chapter 20)

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER THE BASICS

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER - THE BASICS THE RUSSIAN (CYRILLIC) ALPHABET Mastering the alphabet The Russian alphabet, which is also called Cyrillic, is based on the Greek alphabet. It owes its origins to the Greek missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius, who were sent to Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic) in the 9th century to spread the Christian message. The alphabet, which they devised for the purpose of translating Greek religious texts, first became established in Russia in around the 10th-11th century. The modern Russian alphabet is a direct descendant of the original Cyrillic script. Russian belongs to a group of languages which are known collectively as Slavonic. Other languages in this group include Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian. The Russian alphabet may appear strange at first, but you will quickly get used to it. A number of the letters are similar in both Russian and English; e.g. A , O and T. Other letters, although they may look the same, are pronounced quite differently; e.g. Russian Ñ is pronounced as an English S, Russian Ð as a trilled English R etc. Some letters are specific to Russian but represent sounds which are familiar to English speakers; e.g. Russian Ï is equivalent to our P sound. You should have little difficulty reading the following word: ÏÀÑÏÎÐÒ. It is, of course, the Russian for PASSPORT. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. They will be introduced roughly in terms of the difficulties they pose to native speakers of English. Note that capital letters are not used as frequently in Russian as in English. They are used only at the beginning of sentences and in proper names and titles. Small letters are for the most part simply half-sized versions of capitals.

I.

Letters which are similar or are recognizable CAPITAL

Vowels F J Consonants R V N P 2

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

f j

a as in pack o as in stork

r v n p

k as in key m as in moon t as in tea z as in zoo S azov (Russian from Scratch )

rfr vfr rjn pf

-

how poppy cat behind

nfv njv njn rnj

-

there volume that who

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

Ff - Àà

Jj - Îî

Rr - Êê

Vv - Ìì

Nn - Òò

Pp - Çç

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape.

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version. jn frn nfr nfrn

îò àêò òàê òàêò

-

from act so tact

òîê êîì ìàò çàì

njr rjv vfn pfv

-

current lump mat deputy

‘False friends’ - letters which are similar to English

II.

ones in appearance but have different sounds CAPITAL

Vowels T E Consonants D Y H C {

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

ye as in yes oo as in spoon

t e

v as in valley n as in note r as in Scottish bracken s as in stop ch as in Scottish loch

d y h c [

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. dtc djh yjc hjn hjcn

-

weight thief nose mouth growth

cjy cjr [jh ec e[á*

-

sleep, dream juice choir whisker fish soup

* The accent is used to denote stress. Stress marks are generally not found in written Russian, although they are widely used in dictionaries and grammar books. They are included in the first half of this course purely as an aid to pronunciation. A new ab initio Russian course

3

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

Tt - Åå

Ee - Óó

Dd - Ââ

Yy - Íí Hh - Ðð

Cc - Ññ

{[ - Õõ

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version.

âåê

âîí âîò êîêñ ðîê -

century out here (is/are) coke fate

III.

Letters which do not occur in English but have an equivalent English sound CAPITAL

Vowels ? B Ý > Z Consonants < U L K G A

ðóêà êóðñ ñîðò ñòî õíà

-

hand, arm course sort hundred henna

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

/ b ý . z

yo as in yonder ee as in meet e as in egg you as in youth ya as in yak

, u l k g a

b as in bottle g as in gas d as in day l as in long p as in paint f as in face

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. ,fk ,fh lf ljr ujk pfk ck/n cgjhn ajhn akjn 4

-

ball bar yes dock goal hall gathering sport fort fleet

uhfa dpk/n kbcn vbh ¿vz ¢hf výh k.rc zr

-

count take-off leaf peace, world name era mayor de luxe yak

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

?/ - ¨¸ Uu - Ãã

Bb - Èè Ll - Ää

>. - Þþ Kk - Ëë

Zz - ßÿ Gg - Ïï

<, - Áá Aa - Ôô

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version.

áîê áîêñ ãíîì ãðèïï äíî äîì äàð äàë ë¸í ìîë -

,jr ,jrc uyjv uhbgg lyj ljv lfh lfk k/y vjk

side boxing gnome flu bottom house gift gave flax mole, pier

ïîë ïëþñ çàëï ïëèñ ïèð ñïèðò ôëèðò ôèíí ñýð ÿìà

gjk gk.c pfkg gkbc gbh cgbhn akbhn abyy ñýð §vf

-

floor plus volley velveteen feast spirit flirtation Finn sir pit

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

Letters which are peculiar to the Cyrillic script but have an approximate English equivalent

IV.

CAPITAL

Consonants :* I* O W X

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

s as in pleasure sh as in shell long shh (i.e. be quiet!) ts as in bits ch as in cheese

;* i* o w x

* As you will hear on the tape, æ and ø are much harder-sounding than their English equivalents. To produce these sounds push your lower jaw forward, turn the tip of your tongue up and slightly back and raise the back part of your tongue to where the Russian sound ó is pronounced.

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. ;er ;fh ihfv ighbw ob obn ,jho

÷

-

beetle heat scar syringe shchi (cabbage soup) shield borsch (beetroot soup)

A new ab initio Russian course

wdtn xfc x/hn xby cx/n uhfx

-

colour hour devil rank bill rook

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Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

:; - Ææ

Ii - Øø

Oo - Ùù

Ww - Öö

Xx - ×÷

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version.

æíåö æèð øàíñ øàõ øèø ùóï

;ytw ;bh ifyc if[ ibi oeg

-

reaper fat chance check fig probe

kto gkfo gkfw gkfx x/n ÷èí

ëåù ïëàù ïëàö ïëà÷ ÷¸ò ÷èí

-

bream cloak parade-gound weeping even number rank

Two letters which are peculiar to the Cyrillic script and have no sound of their own

V.

ú (Ú) - this letter, which is rarely used, is called the hard sign or separating hard sign. It appears only after the consonants á, â, ä and c when it separates them from the softening influence of any one of the vowels å, ¸, þ and ÿ. e.g. c]tk (ate, have/has eaten), d]tpl (entry), j,]/v (volume) ü (Ü) - this letter, which is used much more frequently than the hard sign, is called the soft sign. It serves to make the preceding consonant soft. It is very important to soften consonants which are followed by ü since the soft sign can change the meaning of a word. Compare the following, which are recorded on the tape: vtk djy , h fn

(chalk) (over there) (brother)

-

vtkm djym ,hfn m

(shoal) (stench) (to take)

Note: because the hard sign and the soft sign always follow other letters and never begin a word they appear in capitals only when all the letters in a word are capitalized (e.g. in certain signs and notices).

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. abkmv c]tv c]tk c]/vrf dtlm

6

-

film (I) will eat ate shooting (of a film) you see, you know

,jkm hjkm lhzym rjhm vfnm

-

pain role rubbish measles mother

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Úú

}] -

Mm -

Üü

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version. c]tcn c]tcnm c]/v czlm cjkm

ñúåñò ñúåñòü ñú¸ì ñÿäü ñîëü

-

(s/he) will eat to eat removal sit down salt

dfkmc ktym ltym wfhm ybnm

âàëüñ ëåíü äåíü öàðü íèòü

-

waltz laziness day tsar thread

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out both the letters several times.

Activity 4 Listen to the native speaker reading the following pairs of words, the second of which has the soft sign (ü) at the end. Note the difference in both sound and meaning. Look at the printed text, listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. (was eating) (chalk) (gave) (became) (was lying) (goal) (table) (given) (kitty) (mat) (Pete) (raft) (is eating)

tk vtk lfk cnfk dhfk ujk cnjk lfy rjy vfn Gbn gkjn tcn

VI. Q q

-

-

tkm vtkm lfkm cnfkm dhfkm ujkm cnjkm lfym rjym vfnm gbnm gkjnm tcnm

(fir tree) (shoal) (distance) (steel) (liar) (the poor) (so) (tribute) (horse) (mother) (to drink) (flesh) (to eat)

Two more letters which are peculiar to the Cyrillic script and have no direct English equivalent this letter is called short è (or in Russian b êðàòêîå). It usually acts as part of a dipthong and it frequently makes a sound similar to an English y as in boy, yacht etc. e.g. ,jq (battle), vjq (my), hjq (swarm)

S* (s)* - the nearest approximate sound in English is i as in writ, but as you will hear on the tape there is a significant difference. e.g. ,sk (was), lsv (smoke), csy (son)

Listen again to these Russian words and compare them with similar- sounding English words: ,sk : bill lsv : dim csy : sin * To produce this sound you should begin by pronouncing a Russian è. Then put your tongue flat against the bottom of your mouth, thereby tensing the muscles at the side and back of the throat. If you now try again to make the sound è the result should be a Russian û.

Note: like the soft sign and the hard sign, û never begins a word and therefore appears in capitals only when all the letters in a word are capitalized (as in certain signs and notices). A new ab initio Russian course

7

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. -

csh vs ysnm gskm csgm ,jq vjq

cheese we to moan dust rash battle my

hjq vfq hfq rhfq rbq rktq qónf

-

swarm May paradise edge billiard cue glue iota

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out both the letters several times.

-

Qq

Éé

- Ûû

Ss

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version.

áûò áûòü ñûò ïûë òûë ðûòü ëåé

,sn ,snm csn gsk nsk hsnm ktq

-

way of life to be satisfied, full heat rear to dig pour

ïëûòü äàé ïàé ïîé ñëîé ñòîé ïåé

gksnm lfq gfq gjq ckjq cnjq gtq

-

to sail give share sing layer stand drink

RUSSIAN ALPHABET - ÀËÔÀÂÈÒ PRINTED LETTERS

WRITTEN LETTERS

Capital Small Capital Small

8

F < D U L T ? : P B Q

f , d u l t / ; p b q

À Á Â Ã Ä Å ¨ Æ Ç È É

à á â ã

R K V Y J G

r k v y j g

Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï

ê ë ì í î ï

ä

å ¸ æ ç è é

RUSSIAN NAME

f ,ý dý uý lý t (q') / (qj) ;ý pý b b (b rhfnrjt) rf ýë (ýëü) ýì ýí j gý

NEAREST EQUIVALENT

a in pack b in bottle v in valley g in gas d in day ye in yes yo in yonder s in pleasure z in zoo ee in meet y in boy k in key l in long m in moon n in note o in stork p in paint

PRINTED LETTERS

WRITTEN LETTERS

Capital Small Capital Small

H C N E A { Ö X I O }

h c n e a [ ö x i o ]

Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú

ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú

S M

s m

Û Ü

û ü

Ý > Z

ý . z

Ý Þ ß

ý þ ÿ

RUSSIAN NAME

ýð ýñ ný ó ýô [f öý xý if ùà nd/hlsq pyfr s vzurbq pyfr ý . (qe) z (qf)

NEAREST EQUIVALENT

r in bracken s in stop t in tea oo in spoon f in face ch in loch ts in bits ch in cheese sh in shell (long) shh i in writ e in egg you in youth ya in yak

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity 1 The following pages are taken from an old Russian calendar. Write underneath each of them the name of the month in English.

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Word recognition

Activity 2 Match up the following sporting terms with the appropriate illustrations. ujk m a nüyybc d jk t q , ó k htath¿

A new ab initio Russian course

dbylcühabyu aen,ók [j r r ü q ,fcrtn,ók

hfrünrf ubvyácnbrf hüu,b ,flvbynóy

9

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 3 Label the illustrations of food and drink, using the list of names below. uh ü qgahen cfkán ceg ahårns gtgcb-rókf xfq cá yldbx cjc¿crf , f y áy dól r f

Activity 4 Match the list of professions below with the places where the people work. HOSPITAL CONCERT HALL CAR STADIUM SHOP

PARLIAMENT BANK DIRECTOR’S OFFICE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OFFICE

vüytl ;th ghjaüccjh i j a / h ,fyr¿h rfcc¿h ctrhtnáhm

vby¿cnh lórnjh

aen ,jk ¿ c n rjvgjp¿njh

Activity 5 Look at the following puzzle and jot down (in English) 17 places or objects which you might find in or near to a town. R F AT VT J W T YN H < B N H FÝ H J G J R Y T F C H I NFRC R J N P J J GF H R F K F F L F < F YR B J RBY 10

N H J T FH N H N B

J

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

eybdthcbnün bycnbnån cnelüyn k ü r w b z c t v b y á h l b g k ó v ctvücnh ghjaüccjh ltntrn¿d ýýrpávty irókf rkfcc ntcn The exception: _________________ The others:

1. 4. 7. 10.

2. 5. 8. 11.

3. 6. 9. 12.

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 6 All except one of the following words relate to education. Which is the odd one out and what do the others mean?

Activity 7 The following are names of famous and infamous people. Can you identify them? Njk c n óq ökmwby
Gåirby Uj h , fx/d Itrcg¿h

Ljcnjüdcrbq Cnákby Vec cjk ¿ y b

Xfqródcrbq Xühxbkkm Håp td tkmnò

Ijcnfr ód b x U ¿ nk t h Vówfhnðò

Activity 8 Locate and identify the following countries on the map of Europe below.

RÁHNF TDHÿGS

Hj c c¿z Dtkbrj,hbná y b z Ut h v á y b z Ah á y w b z Bn á k b z Bcg áybz Bhkáylbz Idüwbz Uh ü w b z Erhf¿yf Gókmif Gjhneu ákbz Xü[bz Ádcnhbz

A new ab initio Russian course

11

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 9 When you have completed Activity 8, see how many other countries you can identify . This can be done as an oral exercise together with your teacher. Your teacher will simply ask you; e.g. Ãäå Íîðâüãèÿ? (Where is Norway?) and you will point to it and reply Íîðâüãèÿ çäåñü (Norway is here). Activity 10 Now match up the following capital cities with the countries in Activity 8.
K óy l j y Gháuf Dfhiádf

Gfh¿; Hbv R¿td

Düyf Kbccf, óy Lå,kby Vflh¿l C n j r uók m v

Activity 11 Complete the following crossword about the family by choosing from the list below. vávf ctcnhá

gágf ,á,eirf

csy lüleirf

ljx m ve;

, h fn ;tyá

ACROSS 1. brother 2. sister 3. grandfather 4. husband 6. dad DOWN 1. grandmother 2. son 3. daughter 4. mum 5. wife Pronunciation You should read through the following section carefully, but you are not required to absorb all the information at this stage. Do not be deterred by the apparent complexity of the rules on pronunciation, as you are not expected to master them all at once. Many languages, including English, pose a similar range of difficulties, which non-native speakers come to terms with gradually. STRESS

As in English, Russian words are pronounced with the stress on certain syllables. However, Russian words never have more than one stressed syllable. For example, the Russian for dáddy is gágf. In both words the first syllable is stressed and the second is unstressed. In Russian the stressed syllable is even more pronounced than in English. 12

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Vowels in unstressed positions

Vowels in unstressed syllables are pronounced shorter (or have a reduced value) and some of them can vary in sound (or change their quality). Unstressed J^ T^ Z

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

If a word only has one syllable the vowel is of course always stressed and if a word contains the letter ¸ the stress is always on the ¸, regardless of the number of syllables; e.g. ëèê¸ð (liqueur), ðóæü¸ (gun), ¸ðçàòü (to fidget).

J - in unstressed syllables is pronounced like a weak (Russian) f ljv (house) ljv á [damá ] (houses) óy (he) jyá [aná ] (she) T - in unstressed syllables is pronounced like a weak b ktc (forest) ktcá [lisá ] (forests) Z - in unstressed syllables, at the beginning of a word, is pronounced yi (as in Yiddish) zpÏr (language) [yizýr ] Zgóybz (Japan) [Yiponiya] Other vowels do not change their quality to such an extent, but are pronounced with a reduced value. The meaning of a word can change depending on the position of the stress. p á v j r (castle) - p f v ó r (lock) v å r f (torment) - v e r á (flour) Activity 1 Listen to how the native speaker pronounces the following pairs of words, the second of which has a vowel î, å or ÿ in unstressed position. Then listen again to the native speaker reading the words and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. ljv jy yjc hjcn gjcn ktc dtc lüdeirf §pdf §vf §[nf

A new ab initio Russian course

(house) (he) (nose) (growth) (post) (forest) (weight) (girl) (ulcer) (pit) (yacht)

-

ljvá jy á yjc Ï hjcnór gjcnÏ kt c á dtcÏ ltd¿xbq zpÏr zh k Ï r zxvüym

[damá] [aná] [nasý] [rastók] [pastý] [lisá] [visyý] [divíchiy] [yizýk] [yirlýk] [yichmyén’]

(houses) (she) (noses) (sprout) (posts) (forests) (scales) (girlish) (language) (tag) (barley)

13

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

SOFT CONSONANTS

Soft consonants are very common in Russian. You already know that one of the functions of the soft sign (ü) is to ‘soften’ the preceding consonant. What is not apparent from the alphabet is that certain other letters, namely å, ¸, þ, ÿ and è, can also act like a soft sign. If a consonant precedes one of these letters, it is always pronounced soft. Activity 2 Listen to how the native speaker pronounces the following pairs of words, the second of which has one of the ‘soft’ vowels (å, ¸, þ, ÿ, è) after the consonant. Then listen again to the native speaker reading the words and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. (mother) (current) (to howl) (nose) (onion) (lynx) (sir)

v fn m njr dsnm yjc ker hscm cýh

-

vzn m n/r dbnm y/c k.r hb c cü h b z

(to crumple) (flowed) (to weave) (carried) (hatchway) (rice) (serial)

Most Russian consonants have two forms of pronunciation: hard and soft. However , there are three which only have a hard form. These are æ, ø and ö. When the ‘soft’ vowels è and å follow these consonants they are pronounced û and ý respectively. Activity 3 Listen to how the native speaker pronounces the following words. Then listen again to the words and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. l;¿ycs ;bh wbrk wbhr i¿yf ibi

(jeans) (fat) (cycle) (circus) (tyre) (fig)

; t pk ;tcn wtynh itcnm iüz

(rod) (gesture) (centre) (six) (neck)

VOICED AND VOICELESS CONSONANTS

Most Russian consonants can be divided into two groups:

a) Voiced consonants (i.e. the vocal chords vibrate) - á â ã ä æ ç b) Voiceless consonants (i.e. the vocal chords do not vibrate) - ï ô ê ò ø ñ These two groups form pairs as follows: Voiced , d u l ; p 14

-

Voiceless g a r n i c S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Voiced consonants become voiceless at the end of a word, as in the following cases. , d u l ; p

-

g a r n i c

le, hjd ak f u v/l ýn á; ufp

[doop] [rof] [flak] [myot] [etash] [gas]

(oak tree) (ditch) (flag) (honey) (floor) (gas)

Activity 4 Listen to how the native speaker pronounces the following words. Then listen again to the words and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. hf, rhf, kj, ktd h/d ghf d

(slave) (crab) (forehead) (lion) (roar) (right)

dhfu ,tu vbu cgf l k/l hzl

(enemy) (running) (instant) (slump) (ice) (row)

ve; ufhá; gkz; hfp uk f p ghb p

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

1. Voiced consonants in final position

(husband) (garage) (beach) (once) (eye) (prize)

2. The effect of voiced and voiceless consonants on each other in combinations (or clusters) of consonants. When the last consonant in a combination (of two or more) is voiced, preceding voiceless consonants are pronounced as their voiced equivalents; e.g. c , ó h y b r [zbórnik] ónls[ [óddykh] c lüljv* [zdyüdom]*

(anthology) (rest, holiday) (with grandfather)

Exception: d does not make preceding voiceless consonants voiced; e.g. cdtn

[svyet]

(light)

Conversely, when the last consonant in the group is voiceless, all preceding voiced consonants are pronounced as their voiceless equivalents; e.g dc/ d ólr f d rbyó*

[fsyo] [vótka] [fkinó]

(everything) (vodka) (to the cinema)

* This rule also applies with prepositions (which are pronounced as if they were joined to the following word). Activity 5 Listen to how the native speaker pronounces the following words. Then listen again to the words and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. A new ab initio Russian course

15

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

The final consonant in group is voiced (therefore the preceding consonant is voiced) jnlük jn,óh c,jh c,sn cub,

(department) (selection) (collection) (sale) (bend)

c ujy clfnm clükrf c; t x m cpálb

(herding) (to hand over) (deal) (to burn down) (from behind)

The final consonant in group is voiceless (therefore the preceding consonant is voiceless) hó,rbq dr k f l dn ó h y b r dibnm dc tulá

16

(timid) (deposit) (Tuesday) (to sew in) (always)

dcøle k turó pf u c hülrj kólr f

(everywhere) (easy) (registry office) (rarely) (boat)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 1

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER ONE - ÏÅÐÂÀß ÃËÀÂÀ INTRODUCTIONS

-

ÇÍÀÊÎÌÑÒÂÎ

In Chapter One you will learn how to do the following:

1. to understand basic introductions 2. to use appropriate greetings 3. to recognize and to form patronymics (i.e. Russian middle names, which are always based on the first name of one’s father) You will learn the following points of grammar:

1. the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) 2. the possessive pronoun ‘my’ 3. regular plurals

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Informal greetings. Listen to and read the following.

¢nj Jküu^ Küyf^ Yfnáif b Uákz&

- Plhádcndeq, Jküu. - Plhádcndeq, Yfnáif. ¢nj b jy¿

18

this is / these are and they (are)

Jy¿ cnelüyns&

- Plhádcndeq, Küyf. - Plhádcndeq, Uákz. cnelüyns plhádcndeq ghbdün

- Ghbdün, Jküu. - Ghbdün, Küyf. students hello (informal) hi

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 1

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Formal greetings. Listen to and read the following.

¢nj v¿cnth Vfrtypb^ ujcgjl¿y
- Plhádcndeqnt^ v¿cnth Vfrtypb& - Plhádcndeqnt^ ujcgjl¿y
- Plhádcndeqnt^ v¿ccbc Cvbn& - Plhádcndeqnt^ ujcgj;á Cåckjdf&

- Ló,hsq ltym^ vbcc Njvcjy& - Ló,hsq ltym^ ujcgj;á Cåckjdf&

- Ló,hsq ltym^ ujcgjl¿y
Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Greet the following people, using an appropriate register.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. v¿cnth ujcgjl¿y v¿ccbc ujcgj;á

Your lecturer / teacher The person sitting nearest to you Your closest acquaintance in the room The person you know least well in the room Someone else in the room Mr (used of English speakers) Mr (Russian title) Mrs (used of English speakers) Mrs (Russian title)

A new ab initio Russian course

vbcc ghtgjlfdántkb plhádcndeqnt ló,hsq ltym

Miss (used of English speakers) lecturers hello (formal and/or plural) good afternoon

19

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking How would you respond to the following greetings? (You should fill in your first name or surname, as appropriate, on the lines provided.) Name of speaker 1. Fktrcüq 2& Ujcgjl¿y Bdfyód 3. Ujcgj;á
His/her form of address to you Plhádcndeq^ Plhádcndeqnt^ v¿cnth#v¿ccbc#vbcc Plhádcndeqnt^ v¿cnth#v¿ccbc#vbcc Ghbdün^ Ló,hsq ltym^ v¿cnth#v¿ccbc#vbcc RUSSIAN NAMES

Russians very often do not use any title when addressing one another, although in formal contexts uj cgjl¿y and uj cgj;á, followed by a surname, are becoming increasingly common. The title njdáhbo (comrade) has largely disappeared since the collapse of Communism. When introducing someone in a very formal context (e.g. an official function or business meeting) it is customary to use the person’s full name, i.e. first name [¿vz], patronymic (or father’s name) [ónxt cndj] and surname [afv¿kbz]. However, if the person being introduced is younger, it is common practice to omit the patronymic. Russians use the first name together with the patronymic as a sign of respect in semi-formal situations. Hence, it is normal to employ this mode of address when speaking to an older person (e.g. to a teacher). Newly acquainted adults will also adopt this style before switching to purely first name terms. It is the custom to refer to young children and to friends, relatives and members of the same peer group by just the first name. The use of diminutive or affectionate forms (as illustrated below) and abridged forms, such as >h for âhf or Kty for Küyf, is also extremely widespread.

MEN’S NAMES First name Diminutives

Endearing forms

male

Fktrcáylh Fktrcüq <jh¿c Dkfl¿vbh Bdáy Ybrjkáq G/nh

Cáitymrf^Cáitxrf^Iåhjxrf Fk/itymrf^ K/itymrf <óhtymrf^ <óhtxrf Djkóltymrf^ Dódjxrf Dfyøif^ Dáytxrf^ Dfyøi(tx)rf Róktymrf^ Ybrjkáif Güntymrf^ Gtnhåi(r)f

Fktrcáylhjdbx / Fktrcütdbx / <jh¿cjdbx / Dkfl¿vbhjdbx / Bdáyjdbx / Ybrjkátdbx / Gtnhódbx /

Cáif^ Iåhf^ Cáyz Fk/if^ K/if <óhz Djkólz^ Dódf Dáyz Rókz Günz

Patronymics

female

Fktrcáylhjdyf Fktrcütdyf <jh¿cjdyf Dkfl¿vbhjdyf Bdáyjdyf Ybrjkátdyf Gtnhódyf

WOMEN’S NAMES

20

First name Diminutives

Endearing forms

šyyf Tküyf Bh¿yf Yfnákmz ÿkmuf Cdtnkáyf Nfnm§yf

šytxrf^ Fyøn(jxr)f Küyjxrf ¡hjxrf^ Bh¿i(r)f Yfnáitymrf ÿktymrf^ ÿktxrf Cdünjxrf^ Cdtnkáyrf Náytxrf^ Nfyøif

šyz Küyf ¡hf Yfnáif ÿkz Cdünf Náyz

Female Patronymics Female patronymics are formed from the father’s name in every case (see above).

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

As you can see from the charts above, it is quite easy to form patronymics. Simply take the father’s first name and add the appropriate endings. Masculine Feminine -

Usual forms: -jdbx or -(m)tdbx (when name ends in -q or -m)* Usual forms: -jdyf or -(m)tdyf (when name ends in -q or -m)*

e.g. < j h ¿ c Fk trcüq Dfc¿kbq ¡ujhm

-

Chapter 1

How to form patronymics

<jh¿cjdbx / <jh¿cjdyf Fk trcütdbx / Fk trcütdyf Dfc¿kmtdbx / Dfc¿kmtdyf ¡ujhtdbx / ¡ujhtdyf

* Patronymics are frequently shortened in everyday speech. Hence, instead of Bdáyjdbx / Bdáyjdyf you may hear Bdáysx / Bdáyyf.

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Look at the following graffiti and complete the activity below.

1. 2.

Jot down the Russian equivalents of the following: i) Olga, ii) Anthony, iii) Sonya, iv) Michael, v) Peter, vi) Maria, vii) Vera, viii) Andrew

Write out the following in Russian: i) Natalya Ivanovna Pushkina, ii) Yuri Ivanovich Pushkin

3.

Do you think Sasha Karenina is the name of a man or a woman?

5.

Could Sergei Pavlovich Borodin have a son called Sergei Sergeevich Borodin?

4. 6. 7. 8.

Could Sergei Pavlovich Borodin have a daughter called Anna Pavlovna Borodina? What are the first names of the fathers of the following in Russian? i) Sofia Sergeevna, ii) Ivan Ivanonich, iii) Nikolai Stepanovich, iv) Anna Igorevna

If Anton Pavlovich Pushkin has a son, Nikolai, and a daughter, Anna, what will their full names be in Russsian? Write out in Russian the male and female patronymics from the following names: i) Anton, ii) Semion, iii) Pyotr, iv) Pavel, v) Sergei

A new ab initio Russian course

21

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Work out with a partner suitable dialogues based on the following situations. (In some cases more than one form of address is acceptable.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Two school friends, Sasha and Kostya, greet each other in the street. Two young women, Klara and Olga, who are already acquainted, acknowledge each other at the hairdresser’s. A mother says hi to her little daughter Lyuda (whom she knows affectionately as Lyudochka). [The Russian for mummy is vávf.] Sergei Sergeevich meets his boss’s wife, Anna Pavlovna, at the bus-stop. Miss Derby-Jones meets her Russian teacher, Natalya Antonovna, in the buffet. A young Russian, Igor Petrovich, says hello to his new English teacher, Mrs Cuttlefish. An elderly couple, Fyodor Mikhailovich Karamzin and Lidia Vasil’evna Lomonosova, greet each other in a queue. A young Russian businesswoman, Galina Vadimovna Derzhavina, meets her American business partner, Mr Wellsbury, at Sheremetyevo airport. Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete the family tree.

The Prokofievs, Marina and Pavel, have a daughter and son. Fill in their names and the names of their children, by selecting carefully from the list below. Cóamz Gádkjdyf^ Tküyf Fynóyjdyf^ ¡ujhm Fynóyjdbx^ Dfk tyn¿y Ybrjkátdbx^ Nfnm§yf Ybrjkátdyf^ Ybrjkáq Gádkjdbx^ Fhrálbq Ybrjkátdbx

GHJRÿAMTDS - HJLJCKÿDYJT LöHTDJ

THE PROKOFIEVS - FAMILY TREE

Vfh¿yf A/ljhjdyf Ghjróamtdf ♥ Gádtk Gtnhódbx Ghjróamtd ↓ ↓ Fynóy

↓ ↓

♥

♥Kfh¿cf

Fktrcáylhjdbx

↓ ↓

22

Fylhütdyf

↓ ↓

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

My father’s name was Pyotr. My children are called Sofia and Larisa. Nikolai is my son-in-law. Igor is my daughter’s son. Tatyana is Anton’s niece. Tatyana’s great-grandfather was called Pyotr.

Chapter 1

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Marina is getting old and confused. She no longer really remembers the family relationships. Say whether her assertions, listed below, are True (Ghádbkmyj) or False (Ytghádbkmyj).

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Getting better acquainted. Listen to and read the following.

¢nj Fktrcüq^ Bh¿yf^ Nfnm§yf b Bdáy&

-

Plhádcndeqnt& Plhádcndeqnt& Rfr dfc pjdýn$ Vty§ pjdýn Fktrcüq Cthuütdbx& F afv¿kbz$
-

Plhádcndeqnt& - Hfphti¿nt ghtlcnádbnmcz% Plhádcndeqnt& vty§ pjdýn Bdáy Rfr dfc pjdýn$ Bdáyjdbx &&& f afv¿kbz Vj§ afv¿kbz Ráhgjdf& Bdfyód& F ¿vz b ónxtcndj$ - ÿxtym ghb§nyj& Vj/ ¿vz Nfnm§yf^ f ónxtcndj Gádkjdyf& - Nfnm§yf Gádkjdyf Ráhgjdf&

rfr dfc pjdýn$ vty§ pjdýn &&& f dfc$ (formal) afv¿kbz vjq (masculine), vj§ (feminine), vj/ (neuter), vj¿ (plural) A new ab initio Russian course

what’s your name? my name is ... and yours? surname my

¿vz ónxtcndj hfphti¿nt ghtlcnádbnmcz óxtym ghb§nyj

first name patronymic allow me to introduce myself pleased to meet you (literally: very pleasant)

23

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Informal meeting. Listen to and read the following.

¢nj G/nh^ šyyf b Dühf&

- Plhádcndeq! - Plhádcndeq! - Vty§ pjdýn G/nh^ ¿kb ghócnj Günz& F nt,§ $ - Vty§ pjdýn šyyf^ ¿kb šyz& - F rnj ¢nj$ - ¢nj vj§ gjlhýuf^ Dühf& - Plhádcndeq^ Dühf& - Plhádcndeq! Rfr nt,§ pjdýn$ - Vty§ pjdýn G/nh& - Lj cdbláybz^ šyz& - Lj cdbláybz^ Günz&

1.

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play

You are meeting your new Russian teacher for the first time. Your partner will play the role of the teacher. Your role

Say hello. Introduce yourself by your first name. Give your second name. Say goodbye.

2.

Reply appropriately. Ask the student his/her second name. Express pleasure at meeting him/her. Reply appropriately.

You are at a night club in Moscow and you have just met someone you quite like. Your partner will play that person. Your role

Say hello. Ask your partner what his/her name is. Give your name. Ask him/her who his/her friend is.

¿kb ghócnj

24

Your partner’s role

or simply

Your partner’s role

Reply appropriately. Choose a suitable Russian name and ask what his/her name is Say that it is your (girl)friend, Zina.

f nt,§? (informal) and you? rnj ¢nj$ who’s this

gjlhåuf lj cdbláybz

(girl)friend goodbye

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 1

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading In a business context. Listen to and read the following.

- Gjpyfróvmntcm^ gj;ákeqcnf^ ¢nj Cthuéq Hjváyjdbx Lth;ádby& - Hálf c dávb gjpyfróvbnmcz&

- Gjpyfróvmntcm^ gj;ákeqcnf^ ¢nj Y¢kkb Dbnákmtdyf Ajyd¿pbyf& - Hál c dávb gjpyfróvbnmcz&

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Back in the night club. Listen to and read the following. Fk trc á y l h Vfh¿z Fktrcáylh Vfh¿z Fk trc á y l h Vfh¿z

-

Áyyf Vfh¿z

-

Fk trc á y l h

-

D jk ó l z

-

Djkólz b Áyyf -

Plhádcndeq^ Váif& Ghbdén^ Cáif& F rnj ¢nj$ ¢nj vj§ ctcnhá^ Áyyf& Áyyf$ Lf^ Áyyf& Vs to/ yt pyfróvs& ÿxtym ghb§nyj& ÿxtym ghb§nyj& F ¢nj vjq ,hfn^ Djkólz& Ds pyfróvs$ Ytn^ vs yt pyfróvs& ÿxtym ghb§nyj& ÿxtym ghb§nyj& (Embarrased pause) F vs pyfróvs! Lj cdbláybz!

gjpyfróvmntcm gj;ákeqcnf hálf (female speaker) c dávb gjpyfróvbnmcz hfl (male speaker) c dávb gjpyfróvbnmcz ctcnhá

A new ab initio Russian course

let me introduce you (literally: get to know each other) please (I’m) glad to make your acquaintance (I’m) glad to make your acquaintance sister

lf vs to/ yt pyfróvs (plural) ,hfn ytn f

yes we not yet acquainted brother no and, but

25

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Describing how you feel. Listen to and read the following.

RFR LTKÁ$

- Cgfc¿,j^ (óxtym) - Yjhvákmyj& [jhjió&

- Ybxtuó&

- Gkó[j&

- E;ácyj&

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play Look at the drawings below and take it in turns to play the role of the person depicted. The question will be the same in each case: Rfr ltká$

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening State how each of the following people feels. 1. Marina 2. Vitaly 3. Aleksandr

4. grandmother 5. the doctor 6. the student

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Using the phrases below, state how you would most probably feel if you had the following. 1. fggtylbw¿n 2. vbkkbóy lókkfhjd

ÿXTYM {JHJIÿ rfr ltká$ how’s things? cgfc¿,j thanks

26

3. ntvgthfnýhf 4. bynthécyfz ry¿uf

{JHJIÿ

[jhjió fine, good yjhvákmyj OK

G K ÿ {J

ybxtuó middling (pronounced ybxtdó)

E:ÁCYJ gkó[j bad, poor (jq) e;ácyj (oh) awful

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

t

yt / o

áv cd

let me introduce you please

b

I’m glad to make your acquaintance

gj

(f) dj vcn hál ó r pyf gjp y f róv gjp mn t c yfr m óvb nmc vs z ró f py

;á

vs

Chapter 1

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading In this chapter you have already met a number of similar-sounding words connected with getting to know people. The common element in each case is pyfróv (acquainted) which has the same root as the verb pyfnm (to know).Unfortunately, in the list below the phrases have got rather muddled up. Sort them out and match them with the appropriate translation on the right-hand side, if possible without referring back.

ke qc

introductions

nf

we are not yet acquainted

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing The two most common Russian equivalents of ‘bye!’ are very informal and are only used when you know someone quite well. Find the words for ‘bye’ (running vertically below) and also state the meaning of each of the words running horizontally. (You can check whether you are right by looking at Activity Twenty-One.)

1&

2&

g u j l j r p y f

h c e r

b g v j

d j t v

t l y c

n b y n n d j

p l h f d c j n x a f u j c c t c n g j ; f k c g f c b h t d j

n t v g h e , j x

d c b j f q j k t

e n k ;

q n t d j b z f

c n f m d t h y m

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Devise similar charts to the one above to illustrate each of the following words (using the written form of the alphabet) and then try them out on someone else.

1& 2& 3& 4&

, c g g

f n j h

, e p j

e l y c

i r f t y n f r j v m n t c m n j

A new ab initio Russian course

27

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading There are a number of ways to say goodbye in Russian. You have already met lj cdbláybz!, which is the most neutral expresssion and can be used in both formal and informal situations. In Activity Nineteen you also came across gjrá! (bye) and cxfcnk¿dj! (which is rarely written and is a corrruption of cxfcnk¿djuj gen¿! (bon voyage!). Another alternative is lj pádnhf! (see you tomorrow). Look at the following and say if you think that the form suggested below is appropriate.

- Gjrá!

- Lj cdbláybz! - Lj cdbláybz!

- Cxfcnk¿dj! - Lj pádnhf!

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking Which of the four forms listed above would appear most suitable in the following situations? (You may choose more than one if you wish.) 1. A boy saying goodbye to his teacher. 2. A business woman saying goodbye to her partner. 3. A student saying cheerio to his friend who is returning home (before they go out again in the evening). 4. A policeman saying goodbye to an old woman. 5. A schoolgirl saying goodbye to her friend after school on a Monday afternoon. 6. A priest saying goodbye to his flock after a church service. Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Firstly, listen twice to the following scene which takes place at a Russian wedding and answer the questions below in English (without referring to the text). Then read the transcript on the next page with your partner(s) and, if possible, act out the scene. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is Maria’s patronymic? What is Ivan’s surname? Who is Igor? How is Igor feeling? How is Petya feeling? What diminutive is used with reference to Natasha?

Yf cdálm,t At a Wedding

Bdáy Gtnhódbx Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf Bdáy Gtnhódbx Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf 28

- Plhádcndeqnt - Plhádcndeqnt& Hfphti¿nt ghtlcnádbnmcz% vty§ pjdýn Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf& - ÿxtym ghb§nyj& - F rfr dfc pjdýn$ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

-

Vty§ pjdån Bdáy Gtnhódbx& F dáif afv¿kbz$ Cýckjd& (Recognizing the surname) F-f-f^ rjyéxyj^ Bdáy Gtnhódbx Cýckjd& Hálf c dávb gjpyfróvbnmcz& Bdáy Gtnhódbx - F crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ rnj ¢nj$ Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf - ¢nj vjq csy^ ¡ujhm& Bdáy Gtnhódbx - ¡ujhm^ djn vj§ ljxm& Gjpyfróvmntcm^ gj;ákeqcnf& ¡ujhm - Rfr nt,§ pjdýn$ Yfnáif - Vty§ pjdýn Yfnáif& F ¢nj vjq lheu^ Génz& Ds pyfróvs$ Génz - Lf^ vs pyfróvs& Rfr ltká^ ¡ujhm$ ¡ujhm - Cgfc¿,j^ [jhjió& F rfr ndj¿ ltká$ Génz - Ybxtuó& (Several minutes later) Génz - Gjrá^ Yfnáitymrf& Yfnáif - Cxfcnk¿dj! Génz - Lj pádnhf^ ¡ujhm! ¡ujhm - Lj pádnhf^ Génz! Lj cdbláybz^ Yfnáif! Yfnáif - Lj cdbláybz!

Chapter 1

Bdáy Gtnhódbx Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf Bdáy Gtnhódbx Vfh¿z Cntgáyjdf

In Soviet times people either had a simple, unpretentious wedding ceremony in the local registry office ( PFUC) or a more elaborate and grand affair in the so-called Wedding Palace (Ldjhéw ,hfrjcjxtnáybz). Nowadays there is an increasing tendency for people to get married in church. The festivities which follow the wedding ceremony have always been big occasions, with an abundance of food and drink, which can last anything up to two or three days (especially in rural areas). The celebrations include numerous speeches, a great deal of music and dancing and countless toasts, frequently to the accompaniment of the refrain uóhmrj! (bitter!), which is the prompt for the newly-weds to kiss, thereby sweetening the atmosphere. Couples who decide to take their honeymoon (vtlódsq véczw) after the wedding (which is by no means the norm) will not usually leave until all the revelry has finished. dáif afv¿kbz (formal) rjyéxyj (pronounced rjyéiyj) crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf csy djn A new ab initio Russian course

your surname of course tell me please son here is/are

ljxm (feminine) lheu rfr ndj¿ ltká$ (informal) (literally: how are your things?)

daughter friend how are things with you?

29

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

GRAMMAR TO BE OR NOT TO BE?

You may have already noticed, there is no present tense of the verb ‘to be’ in Russian. You have already met the following examples: we are acquainted - vs pyfróvs are you acquainted? - ds pyfróvs$ they are students / teachers - jy ¿ cnelüyns / ghtgjlfdántkb A / THE

Russian similarly does not have the definite article (the) or the indefinite article (a). Hence, ¢nj cnelüyn means both this is the student and this is a student. The plural form ¢nj cnelüyns means both these are the students and they/these are students. GENDERS IN RUSSIAN

Russian, like German, has three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) in the singular and one plural form. Normally it is possible to guess the gender of a word by looking at the ending. Masculine Nouns ending in a consonant or -é are usually masculine: e.g. ,hfn (brother), ljv (house/block of flats), rfhfylái (pencil), E¢kmc (Wales), nhfvdáq (tram) Note: gágf (dad) and lüleirf (grandfather) are clearly also masculine, despite ending in a vowel róat (coffee) is also masculine, despite ending in -å Some nouns ending in a soft sign (-ü) are masculine:* e.g. ghtgjlfdántkm (lecturer), gjhnaükm (briefcase), ex¿ntkm (teacher), lj;lm (rain), ltym (day)

Feminine

Nouns ending in the letters -à or -ÿ/ -èÿ / -üÿ are usually feminine: e.g. ctcnhá (sister), rdfhn¿hf (flat/apartment), ,á,eirf (grandmother), håxrf (pen), vtkólbz (tune), Ijnkáylbz (Scotland), Fvühbrf (America), afv¿kbz (surname), ctvm§ (family) Some nouns ending in a soft sign (-ü) are feminine:* e.g. ljxm (daughter), ntnhálm (exercise book), xfcnm (part), yfwbjyákmyjcnm (nationality)

Neuter

Nouns ending in -î and -å/ -èå/ -üå are usually neuter: e.g. ónxtcndj (patronymic), gbcmvó (letter), jryó (window), vóht (sea), eghf;yüybt (exercise), cxácnmt (happiness) Note: there is a small group of words ending in -ÿ, including ¿vz (first name) and dhüvz (time), which look feminine but are in fact neuter * All words ending in soft signs must be learnt separately. Make a note of their gender as soon as you come across them! 30

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

HOW TO SAY ‘MY’

Masculine Neuter

vjq vj§ vj/

Masculine, Feminine & Neuter

vj¿

Feminine

Singular vjq ,hfn my brother vj§ ctcnhá my sister vj/ ónxtcndj my patronymic

Chapter 1

You have already met all the different forms for ‘my’. They are as follows:

Plural vj¿ cnelüyns my students vj¿ ióhns my shorts

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading The following phrases have got jumbled up. Draw lines to indicate which form of ‘my’ should go with which word. Each form of ‘my’ appears three times. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

vj§ vj/ vj¿ vjq vjq vj/ vj§ vj¿ vj¿ vj/ vj§ vjq

gbcmvó ,hfn ctcnhá cbufhüns afv¿kbz rfhfylái cnelüyns ónxtcndj gjhnaükm ntnhálm ghtgjlfdántkb cxácnmt

(letter) (brother) (sister) (cigarettes) (surname) (pencil) (students) (patronymic) (briefcase) (exercise book) (lecturers) (happiness)

REGULAR PLURALS

Masculine To form a plural from a masculine noun, you normally just add -û: c n el ü y n vfufp¿y ljrevüyn

(student) (shop) (document)

c nel ü y n s vfufp¿ys ljrevüyns

(students) (shops) (documents)

Note the spelling rule: if the final letter is ã, ê, õ, æ, ÷, ø or ù, you must use -è instead of -û: gkz; rfhfylái

(beach) (pencil)

gk§;b rfhfylfi¿

(beaches) (pencils)

(Note the change in stress)

If the noun ends in a soft sign (-ü) or -é, remove the final letter and add -è: gjhnaükm nhfvdáq

(briefcase) (tram)

A new ab initio Russian course

gjhnaükb nhfvdáb

(briefcases) (trams)

31

Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà

Feminine To form a plural from a feminine noun, you normally remove the final -à and add -û: ;üyobyf cbufhünf rdfhn¿hf ráhnf

(woman) (cigarette) (flat) (map)

;üyobys cbufhüns rdfhn¿hs ráhns

(women) (cigarettes) (flats) (maps)

ry¿uf kbyüqrf

(book) (ruler)

ry¿ub kbyüqrb

(books) (rulers)

xfcnm n/nz cnáywbz ctvm§

(part) (aunt) (station) (family)

xácnb n/nb cnáywbb cüvmb

(parts) (aunts) (stations) (families)

(Note the change in stress)

jryó gbcmvó vücnj

(window) (letter) (place)

óryf g¿cmvf vtcná

(windows) (letters) (places)

(Note the change in stress) (Note the change in stress) (Note the change in stress)

vóht eghf;yüybt ghtlvücnmt

(sea) (exercise) (suburb)

vjh§ eghf;yüybz ghtlvücnmz

(seas) (exercises) (suburbs)

(Note the change in stress)

Note the spelling rule: if the final letter is ã, ê, õ, æ, ÷, ø or ù, after you have removed -à, you must use -è instead of -û:

If the noun ends in a soft sign (-ü) or -ÿ /-èÿ / -üÿ, remove the final letter and add -è:

Neuter To form a plural from a neuter noun, you normally remove the final -î and add -à:

If the noun ends in -å or -èå / -üå, remove the final letter and add -ÿ:

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the following words into the plural. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

pfdól c n el ü y n ráhnf jryó fdnjvj,¿km (m) kávgf ntnhálm (f) ,b,kbjnürf gkz; cj,háybt ónxtcndj eybdthcbnün gókt ctvm§ vtkólbz

(factory) (student) (map) (window) (car) (light, lamp) (exercise book) (library) (beach) (meeting) (patronymic) (university) (field) (family) (tune)

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing The following phrases are in the plural. Put them back into the singular. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 32

vj¿ rfhfylfi¿ g jk § vj¿ ,á,eirb vj¿ g¿cmvf ry¿ub vj¿ fdnjvj,¿kb

(my pencils) (fields) (my grandmothers) (my letters) (books) (my cars) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 1 A new ab initio Russian course

CHAPTER 2

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER TWO - ÂÒÎÐÀß ÃËÀÂÀ AN OBJECT LESSON

- ÍÀÃËßÄÍÛÉ ÓÐÎÊ

In Chapter Two you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to identify and locate objects to express possession to state where you live to recognize numbers

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

the possessive pronouns ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’, ‘their’, ‘whose’ the verb ‘to live’ (æèòü) the prepositional case after d and yf the numerals 1 to 100 Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Object identification. Listen to and read the following.

×òî ¢òî?

¢òî cfvjdáh&

¢òî ráhnf Hjcc¿b& ¢òî jl¿y hý,km& À ÷òî ¢òî òàêîå?

¢òî vfnh/irf&

¢òî ry¿uf «Djqyá b vbh»& ¢òî ufpünf «Ctuólyz»& ¢òî ;ehyák «Jujy/r»& cfvjdáh ráhnf Hjcc¿b jl¿y he,km (m) vfnh/irf xnj ¢nj nfrót$ «Djqyá b vbh»

34

samovar (type of Russian tea urn) map of Russia one rouble matrioshka (Russian doll) what (exactly) is this / are these? War and Peace (epic novel by Count Leo Tolstoy, written 1863 - 1869)

ufpünf newspaper «Ctuólyz» Segodnya = Today (quality (pronounced Ctdjlyz) daily newspaper) ;ehyák magazine, journal «Jujy/r» Ogonek = Small Flame (popular monthly current affairs magazine) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

cnelüyn^ ghtgjlfdántkm^ htdjkmdüh^ ljv^ rfhfylái^ nhfvdáq^ gjhnaükm^ vtkólbz^ róat^ håxrf^ Ijnkáylbz^ ntnhálm^ ióhns^ cbufhüns^ vfnh/irf^ ry¿uf^ ufpünf^ gbcmvó^ ráhnf^ ;ehyák

Chapter 2

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Identify the objects/people illustrated below by matching them up with the following list of words. (You have already met all twenty words.)

Then point to different illustrations and ask your partner rfr gj-håccrb &&&$ (how do you say ... in Russian?). He/She will reply ¢nj gj-håccrb &&& (in Russian it is ...) and will thereupon ask you to identify an object/person, and so on. Finally, shut your books and see how many of the twenty objects/people you can recall in one minute. This can be played as a game in pairs or groups.

Activity Three - ÒÒðåòüå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Identifying animals. Listen to and read the following. Note: when Russians talk about animals or pets they do not say “What’s this?” but “Who’s this?” rfr gj-hýccrb &&&$

how do you say ... in Russian?

A new ab initio Russian course

¢nj gj-hýccrb &&&

in Russian it is ...

35

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Rnj ¢nj$

¢nj cj,árf&

¢nj róirf&

¢nj rhókbr&

¢nj xthtgá[f&

¢nj ckjy&

¢nj kóiflm&

¢nj vsim&

¢nj ktd&

Whilst Russia’s rural population or peasantry has, of course, been brought up with farm animals, the vast majority of town-dwellers live in large blocks of flats and hence have always found it difficult to keep pets. The ravages of the Second World War and the harsh economic realities of life under Communism likewise had a dramatic effect on pet-ownership. However, in recent times an increasing number of people have begun to keep cats and dogs and other small domestic animals and there are considerably more stray animals roaming the streets. As a result of the increase in organized and petty crime, many more Russians have invested in large dogs, such as Alsatians and Rottweilers, to protect themselves and their property. For some of Russia’s new élite, stud farms with expensively equipped stables and emaculately groomed horses are now becoming a status symbol to match their latest Mercedes and BMW cars.

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the grid below with the names of the animals you have met so far.

cj,árf rjn/róirf rhókbr

36

dog cat rabbit

xthtgá[f ckjy kóiflm (f)

tortoise elephant horse

vsim (f) ktd

mouse lion (also the Russian for Leo, as in Leo Tolstoy)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

QUESTION

ANSWER

Chapter 2

Activity Five - Gznjt pflfybt Reading The Russian for ‘whose’ is xtq (m), xmz (f), xm/ (n), xmb (pl). Look at the questions on the left and provide an appropriate reply by selecting the correct forms from the other two columns. Then match up your answer with the most likely speaker of those illustrated on the right. SPEAKER

Xtq ¢nj rk.x$

¢ nj vj/

rk .x&

Xmz ¢nj cbuáhf$

¢ nj vj¿

gkánmt&

Xm/ ¢nj gkánmt$

¢ nj vj§

ióhns&

Xmb ¢nj ióhns$

¢ nj vjq

cbuáhf&

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Imagine that you are working in a lost property office (,.hó yf[óljr) and that a number of people are waiting to claim their missing possessions. Ask dif ferent students in your group (or, if there are only two of you, your partner who will play several roles) whose the objects are in the first list. The respondents will identify different objects as their own; (e.g. you ask Xtq ¢nj ;ehyák$ and someone replies ¢nj vjq ;ehyák&) Then change the roles with respect to the second list. Remember to pay attention to the correct forms of the words in each case. 1. 2&

rk.x^ cbuáhf^ kbyüqrf^ ráhnf^ htdjkmdüh^ gbcmvó^ ntnhálm^ vfnh/irf^ ióhns^ rfhfylái^ cjxbyüybt^ gjgeuáq ry¿uf^ ajnjrógbz^ ljrevüyn^ cbufhüns^ hýxrf^ ;ehyák^ dólrf^ gfkmnó^ gkánmt^ gjhnaükm^ xfq^ ráhns

,.hó (indeclinable) yf[óljr xtq (m), xmz (f), xm/ (n), xmb (pl) xtq (etc.) ¢nj &&&$ rk.x cbuáhf gjgeuáq

A new ab initio Russian course

lost property office whose whose is this ...? key cigar parrot

ajnjrógbz gfkmnó (indeclinable) gkánmt xfq cjxbyüybt

photocopy coat dress tea essay

37

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking First, listen to the following dialogue which involves an argument between young people and their teacher, Anna Pavlovna, about cigarettes. Then read it aloud or act it out in groups. - Xmb ¢nj cbufhüns$ ¢nj ndj¿ cbufhüns^ <jh¿c$ - Ytn^ yt vj¿^ šyyf Gádkjdyf& ¢nj ndj¿ cbufhüns^ Yfnáif$ Y fnáif - Ytn^ ¢nj yt vj¿ cbufhüns& ¢nj t/ cbufhüns& (Pointing at Marina) Vfh¿yf - ¢nj ytghádlf& ¢nj yt vj¿ cbufhüns& ¢nj^ vó;tn ,snm^ tuó cbufhüns& (Pointing at Igor) ¡ ujhm - Ytn^ yt vj¿& Z yt rehø& ¢nj b[ cbufhüns! (Pointing at the twins, Sasha and Masha) Cáif b Váif - ¢nj yt yáib cbufhüns& ¡ ujhm - Cáif b Váif^ ¢nj dáib cbufhüns& Cáif b Váif - Ytn^ ¢nj yt yáib cbufhüns& Vs yt pyátv^ xmb ¢nj cbufhüns& <jh¿c - Hápdt ¢nj yt dáib cbufhüns^ šyyf Gádkjdyf$ Ex¿ntkmybwf - Vj¿$ <jh¿c - Lf^ dáib& Ex¿ntkmybwf - Jq^ ghjcn¿nt& Lf^ ¢nj vj¿ cbufhüns& (Everyone laughs)

Ex¿ntkmybwf <jh¿c

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Speaking Listen again to how the native speakers pronounce the following phrases and repeat them in the gaps provided on the tape. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6. 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

Xmb ¢nj cbufhüns$ Vs yt pyátv^ xmb ¢nj cbufhüns& ¢nj ndj¿ cbufhüns^ <jh¿c$ Ytn^ yt vj¿& Ytn^ ¢nj yt vj¿ cbufhüns& ¢nj^ vó;tn ,snm^ tuó cbufhüns& ¢nj b[ cbufhüns! ¢nj ytghádlf& ¢nj yt yáib cbufhüns& Hápdt ¢nj yt dáib cbufhüns^ šyyf Gádkjdyf$ Vj¿$ Lf^ ¢nj vj¿ cbufhüns&

ndjq (m), ndj§ (f), ndj/ (n), ndj¿ (pl) (informal) tuó (m, f, n & pl) (pronounced tdj) t/ (m, f, n & pl) yfi (m)^ yáif (f)^ yáit (n)^ yáib (pl) dfi (m)^ dáif (f)^ dáit (n)^ dáib (pl) (formal) b[ (m, f, n & pl)

38

your his her our your their

yt ghádlf ¢nj ytghádlf vó;tn ,snm z yt rehø vs yt pyátv hápdt ghjcn¿nt

not truth that’s not true perhaps, maybe I don’t smoke we don’t know in fact, really forgive (me)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Bh¿yf Któynmtdyf^ Gádtk^ Trfnth¿yf Vb[áqkjdyf Ajvbyá^ Póz^ Lv¿nhbq^ Hjcnbckád Cntgáyjdbx^ Yflü;lf âhmtdyf^ A/ljh Rjycnfyn¿yjdbx Uácntd^ Rcüybz^ Tkbpfdünf Fktrcütdyf^ Fyfnókbq Rfcgáhjd^ Cdtnkáyf

Chapter 2

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Writing Look at the map of Russia and listen to where the interviewees say they live. Then match up each person (from the following list) with the appropriate town.

You will need to know the Russian for ‘where do you live?’ - ult ns ;bd/im$ (informal and used with children) or ult ds ;bd/nt$ (formal/plural) and also the reply ‘I live in ...’ - z ;bdý d ... . Note: the form of the word changes slightly after the preposition d. If the town is masculine the letter -å is added; e.g. Hjcnód (Rostov) changes to d Hjcnódt. If the town is feminine the final -à (or -ÿ) is removed and the letter -å is added; e.g. Vjcrdá (Moscow) changes to d Vjcrdü. RšHNF HJCC¡B

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays B, then reverse the roles. A

B

1. Say hello. (formal) Ask your partner his/her name. Ask him/her how he/she feels. Ask him/her where he/she lives. Say goodbye.

Give an appropriate reply. State your name. Describe how you feel. Say where you live. Respond appropriately.

2. Say hi. (informal, of course) Give your name. Express pleasure at meeting the friend. State where you live. Respond appropriately.

Reply and ask your partner his/her name. Introduce a friend. Ask your partner where he/she lives. Say: “see you tomorrow”.

ult ns ;bd/im$ (informal) ult ds ;bd/nt$ (formal) A new ab initio Russian course

where do you live? where do you live?

z ;bdý d (+ prepositional)

I live in

39

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Look at the list of names in the left-hand column and state where you think he or she is most likely to live. All the possibilities are provided, in jumbled-up form, in the right-hand column. You will need to know the Russian for ‘where does he/she live?’’ - ult jy#jyá ;bd/n$ and the reply ‘he/she lives in ...’ - jy#jyá ;bd/n d ... . Note: if a country ends in -èÿ the final -ÿ is removed and the letter -b is added; e.g. šyukbz (England) changes to d šyukbb. ‘In France’ is dj Aháywbb, for ease of pronunciation.

Rnj ¢nj$ 1& 2& 3. 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

Ult jy#jyá ;bd/n$

¢òî Rkáelbz ajy Rháept ¢òî Vfh¿-Gmth L.góy ¢òî G¢llb J~Háqkb ¢òî {eáy Ráhkjc
Bcgáybz Ijnkáylbz ¡ylbz Aháywbz Uthváybz Bnákbz Zgóybz Uhüwbz Bhkáylbz Gókmif Ujkkáylbz Hjcc¿z

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Read the biographies below and write down similar details about where you live. Include the following information: type of accommodation, name of city/town/ village, country. Vty§ pjdån Ybrjkáq& Z ;bdå d rdfhn¿ht d uóhjlt Djhóyt;^ d Hj c c¿b&

jy ;bd/n jyá ;bd/n šyukbz Aháywbz Bcgáybz Ijnkáylbz

40

he lives she lives England France Spain Scotland

Vty§ pjdån Y¿rjkfc& Z ;bdå d lóvt d lthüdyt Gánnbyutv^ d šyukbb&

¡ylbz Uthváybz Bnákbz Zgóybz Uhüwbz Bhkáylbz

India Germany Italy Japan Greece Ireland

Gókmif Ujkkáylbz Hjcc¿z uóhjl lthüdyz d lthüdyt

Vty§ pjdån Ybrókm& Z ;bdå d lóvt d uóhjlt Yáyn^ dj Aháywbb&

Poland Holland Russia town village, countryside in a/the village, in the country S azov (Russian from Scratch )

z ns jy jyá (we) v s ds (they) j y ¿

;bd/im ;bd/n ;bdýn ;bd/nt ;bdý ;bd/n ;bd/v

we live he lives they live you live (informal) you live (formal/plural) I live she lives

Chapter 2

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Without looking back at the previous pages, sort out the correct forms for the verb ‘to live’ by drawing arrows linking the appropriate parts. In order to help you, one of the two forms which you have not yet met has been done for you. (You can check your solution by referring to the Grammar section.)

Activity Fourteen - ××åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Where do the people pictured below live?

A new ab initio Russian course

41

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing State in which towns the following famous European football clubs play. The towns are given below. You will use the same construction each time. e.g. Fhctyfk buhátn d Kóyljyt - Arsenal play in London

1. Fcnjy Dbkkf 2& >dtynec

3& 4&

{b,thybjy Cgfhnár

5& Njnnty[ýv {jncgóh 6& Fzrc

Vjcrdá^ Ýlby,ýhu^ Fvcnthláv^ Neh¿y^
ntktd¿pjh û

hálbj ü

gküqth ü

rjvgmønths û

rfccünybr ü

kávgf ü

nócnth û

gh¿ynth û

dbltjrávthf û

ajnjfggfháns ü

ghjürnjh û

ghj¿uhsdfntkm û

jy (m) jyá (f) jyó (n) jy¿ (pl) (jy#jyá#jyó) buhátn (jy#jyá#jyó) hf,ónftn (jy¿) hf,ónf.n

42

it/he it/she it they (he/she/it) plays (he/she/it) works (they) work

ntktd¿pjh hálbj gküqth rjvgmønth rfccünybr kávgf nócnth

television radio walkman computer cassette player lamp toaster

gh¿ynth dbltjrávthf ajnjfggfhán ghjürnjh ghj¿uhsdfntkm (m)

printer camcorder camera projector recordplayer

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

jl ¿ y ldf nhb xtnÏht gznm itcnm ctvm dóctvm lüdznm lücznm

11& 12& 13& 14& 15& 16& 17& 18& 19& 20&

jl¿yyflw fnm ld tyálw fnm nhbyálw fnm xtnÏhyflw fnm gznyálw fnm i t cnyálw fnm c tvyálw fnm dj c tvyálw fnm l tdznyálw fnm ldálw fnm

21& 22& 30& 40& 50& 60& 70& 80& 90& 100&

ldálw fnm jl¿y ldálw fnm ldf nh¿lw fnm cóhjr gznmltc§n itcnmltc§n cüvmltczn dóctvmltczn ltdzyócnj cnj

Chapter 2

Cardinal numbers (1 - 100)

Numbers do not normally pose great problems in Russian. It might help to consider the following:

i) ii) iii) iv)

ldf has the same derivation as the English word two; nhb is, of course, the same as the English three; lücznm has the same root as decimal, decibel, decade etc. (i.e. Latin: decimus - tenth); the numbers from eleven to nineteen are basically 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 on 10, e.g. jl¿yyflwfnm = jl¿y (one) yf (on) lwfnm [shortened form of lücznm] (ten); v) twenty and thirty are two ten(s) ldá+lwfnm and three ten(s) nhb+lwfnm [shortened forms]; vi) fifty, sixty, seventy and eighty are basically five/six/seven/eight ten(s) [ordinary forms]; e.g. gznmltc§n = gznm ltczn(m); vii) forty (cóhjr), ninety (ltdzyócnj) and a hundred (cnj) must be learnt separately; viii) to form larger numbers, simply add new elements as in English; e.g. 135 = cnj nh¿lwfnm gznm. Do not try to memorize all the numbers at once! Deal with them in smaller groups.

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening You will hear three different activities recorded on the tape.

1. Bingo (Kjnó). Fill in the boxes below with numbers between 1 and 20 of your own choice. The native speaker will then read out a series of numbers twice each and you should cross out your numbers as soon as they are called. The winner is the first to cross out all his/ her numbers. I.

II.

III.

IV.

2. The native speaker will test your arithmetic by reading out a number of simple subtraction and addition sums. (Listen for the words gk.c and v¿yec.) 3. The native speaker will count in four recognizable patterns. Jot down the particular pattern in each case. I. ............................................................ III. ............................................................ II. ............................................................ IV. ............................................................ A new ab initio Russian course

43

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking You and your partner should jot down ten different expressions of quantity in English (e.g. ‘pints in a gallon’) and then ask each other to provide relevant responses in Russian; e.g. your partner says ‘players in a rugby league team’ and you reply nhbyálw fnm. Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening You will hear ten numbers recorded on the tape, each of which relates to a different place or building below. Write alongside each picture the number which relates to it. Choose from the following: ntánh^ eybdthcbnün^ irókf^ j,ot;¿nbt^ rbyó^ djrpák^ gfhr^ cj,óh^ cnflbóy^ gávznybr

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening You will hear six Russians saying where they live. You should fill in the following information: i) the number of their block of flats ( ljv), ii) the number of their flat (rdfhn¿hf) and iii) their telephone number (ntktaóy), which will consist of six digits divided into three blocks of two. 1

2

3

Vty§ pjdýn Bdáy Gtnhódbx Cjkjdm/d& Z ;bdý d Výhvfycrt& Vjq álhtc% <jkmióq ghjcgürn^ äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________&

Vty§ pjdýn Bh¿yf Bdáyjdyf Vjbcütdf& Z ;bdý d Hjcnódt& Vjq álhtc% ýkbwf Nhelá^ äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________&

Vty§ pjdýn Gádtk <jh¿cjdbx Pfckóyjd& Z ;bdý d Djhóyt;t& Vjq álhtc% Vjcródcrbq ghjcgürn, äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________.

4

5

6

Vty§ pjdón Yfnákmz Vb[áqkjdyf Rfnródf& Z ;bdý d Nfv,ódt& Vjq álhtc% gkóoflm Ufuáhbyf^ äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________&

Vty§ pjdón Yükkb Dfl¿vjdyf A/ljhjdf& Z ;bdý d Yódujhjlt& Vjq álhtc% Ndthcráz ýkbwf^ äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________&

Vty§ pjdón Fktrcüq Dbnákmtdbx Hfvp¿y& Z ;bdý d Nóvcrt& Vjq álhtc% ghjcgürn Gj,üls^ äîì _____, êâ. _____, òåë. ___________&

ntánh irókf j,ot;¿nbt rbyó (indeclinable) djrpák gfhr

44

theatre school student hostel cinema station park

cj,óh cnflbóy gávznybr ntktaóy álhtc ,jkmióq

cathedral stadium monument telephone address big

ghjcgürn ýkbwf ýkbwf Nhelá vjcródcrbq (adjective) gkóoflm (f) ghjcgürn Gj,üls

avenue street Labour Street Moscow square Victory Avenue

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

gj ytl ükmybr* dnóhybr c h tl á xtndühu g§nybwf ce,,ónf djcrhtcüymt

Lyb ytlükb Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Chapter 2

Days of the week

* Days of the week do not begin with a capital letter unless they are the first word in a sentence.

Three of the days are connected with numbers, i.e. dnóhybr = dnjhóq (ltym) : second (day); xtndühu = xtnd/hnsq (ltym) : fourth day; g§nybwf = g§nsq (ltym) : fifth day.

Two days have religious connections: ce,,ónf = the sabbath; djcrhtcüymt is cognate with djcrhtcüybt (resurrection). The word chtlá means ‘milieu’ or ‘medium’. It is the day which is in the middle of the week.

The word gjytlükmybr suggests ‘the day after Sunday’. (Its origin can be traced back to Old Church Slavonic.)

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Using the grid below, fill in the days of the week. (Only one order is possible.)

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Using the grid on the next page, check that you got the days of the week right in the previous exercise. Then complete the missing squares by filling in the appropriate Russian names from the list provided below. The names are given in random order. A new ab initio Russian course

45

Russian names

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

Hýccrbt bvtyá

â

GJ

UJHBPJYNšKB(ACROSS) ¡ ujhm <ükkf Fhrálbq Cóyz ÿkz šyz ¡yyf V f ul f k ¿ y f

46

H¿vvf Póz Cn/gf Váz F k t rc ü q Bh¿yf škz Rkáhf

î ð

è ê

GJ DTHNBRšKB F k trcáylhf Ybr¿nf ¡hf H¿nf Rbh¿kk Y fnáif

(DOWN) Hóvf ÿkz Náyz Vfh¿z Ház Vb[f¿k

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

HOW TO SAY ‘YOUR’, ‘HIS’, ‘HER’, ‘OUR’, ‘THEIR’, ‘WHOSE’

The attributive possessive pronouns can be summarized as follows: Masc. Fem. Neut. Plur.

MY

YOUR

vjq vj§ vj/ vj¿

ndjq ndj§ ndj/ ndj¿

HIS

tuó tuó tuó tuó

HER

OUR

t/ t/ t/ t/

yfi yáif yáit yáib

YOUR

dfi dáif dáit dáib

THEIR

b[ b[ b[ b[

WHOSE

Chapter 2

GRAMMAR

xtq xmz xm/ xmb

Note: The above forms also express the predicative possessive pronouns: ‘mine’, ‘yours’, ‘his’, ‘hers’, ‘ours’, ‘theirs’.

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Express the following phrases in Russian. To assist you, a list of all the required forms and nouns is provided below, although not in the right order. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

my cigarettes my house their school our university your radio (formal) your shorts (informal) our library his sister

vj§ ndj¿ yfi yáif ndj/ yáib dáif vj¿

ghtgjlfdántkb irókf vávf ióhns rk .x gkánmt cbufhü ljv

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

my mum your exercise book (informal) your exercise (formal) our letters my dress your pen (formal) her key your lecturers (informal)

t/ dáit b[ ndj§ tuó vjq ndjq vj/

ctcnhá hýxrf ,b,kbjn ü rf eghf;yüybt eybdthcbnün g¿cmvf ntnhálm hálbj

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Now write up another sixteen phrases and their English equivalents beginning with the following forms. You can then test your partner on them by asking either «Rfr gj-håccrb &&&$» (“What is the Russian for ...?”) or «Rfr gjfyuk¿qcrb &&&$» (“What is the English for ...?”). 1. 2. 3. 4.

vj¿ yáif dáif ndj/

A new ab initio Russian course

5. 6. 7. 8.

ndj¿ yfi vj/ yáit

9. 10. 11. 12.

vj§ dáit yáib vjq

13. 14. 15. 16.

ndjq dáib dfi ndj§

47

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

THE PRONOUNS ‘HE’, ‘SHE’, ‘IT’, ‘THEY’ (WHICH REPLACE NOUNS) MASCULINE NOUNS FEMININE NOUNS NEUTER NOUNS PLURAL NOUNS

= = = =

jy jyá jyó jy¿

(it/he) (it /she) (it) (they)

Instead of repeating the noun, Russian (like English) frequently uses pronouns. When referring to people the gender is obvious. e.g.

ghtgjlfdántkm ;bd/n plt cm - jy ;bd/n plt cm the lecturer lives here - he lives here cnelüynrf ;bd/n n fv - jyá ;bd/n nfv the (female) student lives there - she lives there lünb ;bdýn pltcm -–jy¿ ;bdýn pltcm the children live here - they live here

However, when referring to objects you must remember the gender of the object and use the appropriate pronoun for that object: e.g.

Ul t cnjk$ Where’s the table? Ul t ,b,kbjnürf$ Where’s the library? Ul t jryó$ Where’s the window? Ul t cbufhüns$ Where are the cigarettes?

Cnjk pl t cm& The table is here.
Jy pltcm& It is here. Jyá nfv& It is there. Jyó nfv& It is there. Jy¿ pltcm& They are here.

THE VERB ‘TO LIVE’ - :BNM

z ns jy jyá} jyó

; b dý ;bd/im ;bd/n

I live you live he she} lives it

vs ds

;bd/v ;bd/nt

we you

live live

jy¿

;bdýn

they

live

In addition to conveying the idea ‘I live’ etc., the above forms also express the notions ‘I am living’, ‘I do live’ etc. because there is only one present tense in Russian. Hence, ult ns ;bd/im$ means ‘where do you live?’ Note that ÿ only has a capital letter at the beginning of sentences. HOW TO EXPRESS ‘IN’, ‘ON’ AND ‘AT’ The prepositions â (in, at) and íà (on, at, in) take what is called the Prepositional case. Masculine -

In most instances simply add -t

xtvjláy (suitcase) Hjcnód (Rostov)

48

d xtvjláyt (in a/the suitcase) d Hjcnódt (in Rostov)

cnjk (table) rjywühn (concert)

yf cnjkü (on a/the table) yf rjywühnt (at a/the concert)

If a noun ends in a soft sign (-ü), remove the soft sign and add -t gjhnaükm (briefcase) d gjhnaükt (in a/the briefcase) fdnjvj,¿km (car)

yf fdnjvj,¿kt (in the car/by car)

If a noun ends in -q, remove -q, and add -t Rbnáq (China) d Rbnát (in China)

yf nhfvdát (in the tram/by tram)

nhfvdáq (tram)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

-

In most instances simply remove -f or -z and add -t

Vjcrdá (Moscow) d Vjcrdü (in Moscow)

gücyz (song)

d gücyt (in a/the song)

aá,hbrf (factory)

yf aá,hbrt (in a/the factory)

Chapter 2

Feminine

If a noun ends in a soft sign (-ü), remove the soft sign and add -è gtxánm (print) d gtxánb (in print) If a noun ends in -èÿ, remove -ÿ and add -è šyukbz (England) d šyukbb (in England)

Neuter

kürwbz (lecture)

yf kürwbb (at a/the lecture)

- In most instances simply remove -j and add -t

gbcmv ó (letter)

d gbcmvü (in a/the letter)

If a noun ends in -å, the ending remains unchanged gókt (field) d gókt (in the field(s))

jryó (window)

yf jryü (in a/the window)

vóht (sea)

yf vóht (at sea)

If a noun ends in -èå, remove -å and add -è pláybt (building) d pláybb (in a/the building) pfy§nbt (class)

yf pfy§nbb (in a/the class)

Usually â means ‘in’ and íà means ‘on’, but sometimes íà is used to convey the meaning ‘in’, as in some of the examples above and with the following words: pfdól (factory), cnflbóy (stadium), Ehák (the Urals), ehór (lesson), hf,ónf (work), vfi¿yf (car) and other forms of transport. Note: some foreign words ending in vowels do not change; e.g. d Ukápuj (in Glasgow), yf nfrc¿ (by taxi), yf vtnhó (by metro / on the underground), d rbyó (in/at a/the cinema).

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking First, look at the picture below in which one object is piled on top of another and state where each object is situated. Start at the top and work down. (You will begin Rfhfylái yf gbcmvü& Gbcmvó yf ry¿ut& Ry¿uf yf &&& &) Then go round the class adding another object each time. êàðàíäáø

_______________________________

ïèñüìó

_______________________________

êí¿ãà

_______________________________

òåòðáäü (f) _______________________________

A new ab initio Russian course

êáðòà

_______________________________

÷åìîäáí

_______________________________

ñòóë

_______________________________

ñòîë

_______________________________

ñëîí

_______________________________

ìàø¿íà

_______________________________

ãðóçîâ¿ê

_______________________________ 49

Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà

50

Ýòî êîøêà

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 3

Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER THREE

WORK NATIONALITY

-

ÒÐÅÒÜß ÃËÀÂÀ

-

ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÜ

In Chapter Three you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to recognize and talk about jobs to state your nationality and identify the nationality of other people to express movement on foot and by transport to use simple constructions of time

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. the use of ïî (+ Dative) in set expressions 2. the verbs ‘to work’ (ðàáóòàòü) and ‘to go’ (èäò¿^ üõàòü) 3. the accusative case with movement and expressions of time Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen to people talking about their jobs.

Rnj ds gj ghjaüccbb$ (Rnj ns gj ghjaüccbb$)

Z gj ghjaüccbb vtlctcnhá&

Z gj ghjaüccbb by;tyüh&

F z ghtgjlfdántkm(ybwf)&

Rfráz e dfc ghjaüccbz$ (Rfráz e nt,§ ghjaüccbz$)

Z dhfx& rnj ds gj ghjaüccbb$ (formal) rnj ns gj ghjaüccbb$ (informal) rfráz e dfc ghjaüccbz$ (formal) rfráz e nt,§ ghjaüccbz$ (informal)

52

Z ija/h& what is your profession? (literally: who are you by profession?) what is your profession? (literally: what profession do you have?)

F z jabwbáynrf& vtlctcnh á by;tyüh ghtgjlfdántkm(ybwf) dhfx ija/h jabwbáynrf

nurse engineer lecturer doctor driver waitress

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Question

Rfr tuó#t/ pjdýn$ Rnj jy#jyá gj ghjaüccbb$ Ulü jy#jyá ;bd/n$

ϸòð ôóòáîëèñò Òàìáîâ

What is his/her name? What is his/her profession? Where does he/she live?

Àëëà ïåâèöà Âîðîíåæ

Èâàí Áåëûé áàíêèð Íîâãîðîä

Ïàâåë Àíäðååâ ãåîëîã Åêàòåðèíáóðã

Ìàðèíà òåëåôîíèñòêà Ìîñêâà

Ñåðãåé Ñåðãååâè÷ Ñåì¸íîâ æóðíàëèñò Èðêóòñê

ntktajy¿cnrf vfiby¿cnrf frnh¿cf ljváiyzz [jp§qrf

telephone operator typist actress housewife

A new ab initio Russian course

Reply

Tuó#T/ pjdýn &&& Jy#Jyá (gj ghjaüccbb) &&& Jy#Jyá ;bd/n d &&& (+ prepositional)

Íàòàøà ãèìíàñòêà Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã

Èðèíà ìàøèíèñòêà Ðîñòîâ

Òàíÿ àêòðèñà Íàõîäêà

Ëþäà äîìàøíÿÿ õîçÿéêà Âëàäèâîñòîê

Áîðèñ Ïàâëîâè÷ ó÷èòåëü Àðõàíãåëüñê

;ehyfk¿cn ex¿ntkm (m) gtd¿wf utókju

journalist teacher singer geologist

Chapter 3

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the pictures below and the accompanying captions (which state briefly the person’s name, job and place of residence) and interview your partner about the people. You should ask the following questions in each case.

Þðèé Ïîïîâ àäâîêàò Êèåâ aen,jk¿cn fldjrán ,fyr¿h ubvyácnrf

footballer barrister banker gymnast

53

Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Work out the Russian for ‘builder ’ (in the bold box which runs vertically) by filling in the answers to the clues provided in the grid below. Words which you have not yet met are given at the foot of the page.

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9&

Jyá hf,ónftn d ,jkmy¿wt& Jyá hf,ónftn d ntánht& Jy hf,ónftn d ,áyrt& Jy hf,ónftn d htcnjháyt& Jy hf,ónftn yf pfdólt& Jyá hf,ónftn d rfywtk§hbb& Jy hf,ónftn d gá,t& Jyá hf,ónftn d eybdthcbnünt& Jy hf,ónftn d irókt&

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays B, then reverse the roles. You will need to know the expressions z hf,ónf. (I work), and ult ns hf,ónftim$ # ult ds hf,ónftnt$ (where do you work?). A

Say hello to your partner. (formal) Ask your partner what job he/she does. Ask him/her where he/she works. Say goodbye. A

Say hello to your partner. (informal) Tell him/her that you are fine. Say that you are a doctor and that you work in a hospital in Moscow. Say goodbye. jabwbáyn ,fhvüy ,jkmy¿wf ntánh ,fyr htcnjháy

54

waiter barman hospital theatre bank restaurant

B

Express your pleasure at meeting him/her. Say that you are a teacher. Say that you work in a school in Saint Petersburg. Reply appropriately. B

Say hello and ask him/her how he/she is. Ask your partner what he/she does. Tell him/her that you are an engineer in a factory in Kiev. Reply appropriately. rfywtk§hbz gf, z hf,ónf. ult ns hf,ónftim$ (informal) ult ds hf,ónftnt$ (formal/plural)

office pub I work where do you work? where do you work?

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

z

hf,ónftim

ns

hf,ónftn

jy

hf,ónftv

jyá

hf,ónftnt

vs

hf,ónf.

ds

hf,ónf.n

jy¿

hf,ónftn

we work

you work (formal/plural)

Chapter 3

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing You have now met all the forms of the verb hf,ónfnm (to work), except vs (the first person plural). Match up the appropriate endings below. The vs-form is done for you. (You can check your solution by referring to the Grammar section.)

they work

you work (informal)

she works he works I work

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the descriptions on the tape and answer the following questions in English. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where does the woman work? What is the man’s job? In which country does the footballer play? What is the woman’s job? What is the equivalent English name of the restaurant where the waiter works? In which town does the builder work?

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/ Speaking/Writing You are by now quite familiar with the prepositional case after â and íà& As you know, ‘in Moscow’ = d Vjcrdü. However, if a word ends in -àÿ the ending is not -å but -îé. Hence, ujcn¿yfz (lounge) becomes d ujcn¿yjq. Bearing in mind the above rule, first of all put the following into Russian: 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

dining room bedroom study toilet attic bathroom kitchen cellar basement garage

cnjkódfz cgákmyz rf,byün nefkün xthlár dáyyfz rý[yz góuht, gjldák ufhá;

in the dining room in the bedroom in the study in the toilet in the attic yf in the bathroom in the kitchen yf in the cellar in the basement in the garage

Then answer the questions on the next page (relating to the drawing of the house). You will need to recognize the following vocabulary: rfhn¿yf (picture)^ rhjdánm (f) (bed)^ ry¿;ysq irfa (book cupboard)^ ufhlthó, (wardrobe)^ gtxm (f) (oven, stove)^ ,eaün (sideboard)^ gbfy¿yj (indeclinable) (piano)^ hárjdbyf (sink, wash-basin)^ rkünrf (cage)^ rhückj (armchair)^ kávgf (lamp, light)^ pührfkj (mirror)^ xfcÏ (pl) (clock, watch)^ dáyyf (bathtub)^ cnjk lkz yfcnókmyjuj nüyybcf (table-tennis table)^ xtvjláys (suitcases)^ dbyó (wine)^ vfi¿yf (car). A new ab initio Russian course

55

Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà

VJQ LJV

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Xnj yf xthlfrü$ Xnj d cnjkódjq$ Xnj d ujcn¿yjq$ Xnj d rf,byünt$ Ult hálbj$ Ult gtxm$ Ult dbyó$ Ult vfi¿yf$ Rnj d dáyyjq$ Ult vávf$

Yf xthlfrü

Jyó d

Ghtgjlfdántkm (rå[yz)

Now interview your partner about the contents of the various rooms and the location of different objects. Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Nationalities. Listen to and read the following. Rnj ds gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$ (Rnj ns gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$)

Z gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb hýccrbq&

Z nó;t hýccrfz&

rnj ds gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$ what nationality are you? rnj ns gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$ (literally: who are you by nationality?) z gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb &&& I am ... / my nationality is ...

56

Vs hýccrbt& hýccrbq (m), hýccrfz (f) Russian hýccrbt (pl) Russians nó;t also S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(Rfráz e nt,§ yfwbjyákmyjcnm$)

Chapter 3

Rfráz e dfc yfwbjyákmyjcnm$

Z fvthbráytw&

Z fyukbxáyrf&

Z rfyáltw&

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading First, study the table of nationalities below, then (with the help of the table) answer the listening comprehension questions which follow. You may need to listen twice to each description. Nationality

American Australian Canadian Chinese English French German Indian Italian Japanese Russian Spanish 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

M

fvthbráytw fdcnhfk¿tw rfyáltw rbnátw fyukbxáyby ahfywýp yüvtw byl¿tw bnfkm§ytw zgóytw hýccrbq bcgáytw

F

PL

fvthbráyrf fdcnhfk¿qrf rfyálrf rbnf§yrf fyukbxáyrf ahfywý;tyrf yüvrf bylbáyrf bnfkm§yrf zgóyrf hýccrfz bcgáyrf

fvthbráyws fdcnhfk¿qws rfyálws rbnáqws fyukbxáyt ahfywýps yüvws byl¿qws bnfkm§yws zgóyws hýccrbt bcgáyws

ADJECTIVE

fvthbráycrbq fdcnhfk¿qcrbq rfyálcrbq rbnáqcrbq fyuk¿qcrbq ahfywýpcrbq ytvüwrbq byl¿qcrbq bnfkm§ycrbq zgóycrbq hýccrbq bcgáycrbq

What is Andrea’s nationality ? What nationality is Igor and in which country does he live? How many different nationalities live in the student hostel? ( j,ot;¿nbt) What nationality is Robert and in which town does he live? What is the nationality of the lads playing football in the park? What is the nationality of the ballerina? What is the nationality of the speaker ’s father and what job does he do? What is the nationality of the speaker ’s mother and what does she do?

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing State the nationalities of the following people (assuming that they were all born in the capital city where they now live). 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

Jyá ;bd/n d d Dáibyunjyt& {hbcnbáy ;bd/n d
rfráz e dfc yfwbjyákmyjcnm$ (formal) rfráz e nt,§ yfwbjyákmyjcnm$ (informal) j,ot;¿nbt

A new ab initio Russian course

Jyá Jy

Vs what is your nationality? (literally: what nationality do you have?) student hostel, hall of residence

57

Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Match up the names of the people with their likely nationality from the list in bold below. 1& 2& 3& yüvrf

Af,bty L;jy Dfwkfd

bylbáyrf

bhkáyltw

4& 5& 6&

{fqlb Cjylbg Frtvb

bcgáytw

zgóyrf

7& 8& 9& fvthbráytw

{efy Tktyf Gfnhbr

hýccrfz

xt[

ahfywý;tyrf

The Verbs bln¿ (to go/be going on foot) and ü[fnm (to go/be going by transport)

BLN¡ TO (BE) GO(ING) ON FOOT z blý ns bl/im jy#jyá#jyó bl/n

I am going you are going he/she/it is going

É{FNM z üle ns ültim jy#jyá#jyó ültn

we are going you are going they are going

vs bl/v ds bl/nt jy¿ blýn

TO (BE) GO(ING) BY TRANSPORT

I am going you are going he/she/it is going

we are going you are going they are going

vs ültv ds ültnt jy¿ ülen

The Russian for ‘Where are you going?’ is Relá ns bl/im#ültim$ or, using the formal/plural form, Relá ds bl/nt#ültnt$ (Do not use ult &&&$ with movement.) When you state the name of your intended destination (e.g. ‘I’m going to the park’) you normally use d or yf (as appropriate) followed by the Accusative case. The endings of the Accusative case are easy:

M F N PL

z z z z

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Igor Masha Lena Petya Vanya and Anna Kolya and Natasha Klara Alyosha

blý#üle d gfhr blý#üle d iróke blý#üle d ctkó blý#üle d Fa¿ys

I’m going to the park I’m going to school I’m going to the village I’m going to Athens

gfhr - gfhr irókf - iróke ctkó - ctkó Fa¿ys- Fa¿ys

(no change) (-f replaced by -e) (no change) (no change)

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening A group of students are discussing where they are planning to go in the evening. Jot down in each case both their intended destination and the form of transport they hope to use. (You will need to know the word for ‘on foot’ - gtiróv.)

bhkáyltw#bhkáylrf xt[#xüirf

58

Irishman/Irish woman Czech (man/woman)

relá &&&$ ctkó

where ... (to)? village

gtiróv

on foot

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Express the following in Russian by selecting appropriate phrases from the columns on the right. (They are of course in random order.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

English

Pronoun

Verb form

d#yf (+ accusative) yf (+ prepositional)

I’m going to Odessa by car. We’re going to the university on foot. He is going to the library on a bike. Are you going to the stadium on foot? She is going to the theatre by tram. They are going to school on foot. I’m going to Moscow by train. We are going to town on the trolleybus.

Vs Jy Ns Z Z Vs Jyá Jy¿

üle bl/im ültv ültn bl/v ültn blýn üle

d ,b,kbjnüre d ntánh d Vjcrdý d iróke d uóhjl d Jlücce yf cnflbóy d eybdthcbnün

Chapter 3

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Memory game. One of you begins by saying where you are going (e.g. z ble d eybdthcbnün) and the next person both repeats your phrase and adds another destination (e.g. z ble d eybdthcbnün b d ,b,kbjnüre) and so on. You start with ten points and lose one point each time you forget a destination or make a grammatical mistake. The winner is the last person to lose all ten points.

or gtiróv

yf nhfvdát& gtiróv& yf nhjkküq,ect& yf gótplt& gtiróv$ gtiróv& yf dtkjcbgült& yf vfi¿yt&

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays B, then reverse the roles. A

Meeting in the street

B

Say hello to your partner. (formal) Return the greeting. Ask your partner what nationality he/she is. Tell him/her your nationality. Ask him/her where he/she works. Say that you work in a school in Moscow. Ask what his/her profession is. Say that you are a teacher. Ask where he/she is going (on foot)? Say that you are going to work ( yf hf,óne). Say goodbye. Reply appropriately.

A

Meeting in a Russian bus

Say hello to your partner. (formal) Tell him/her that you are going to town. Because (gjnjvý xnj) you work in the town in a restaurant. Confirm that you are a waiter/waitress. Ask what job he/she does? Say cheerio.

B

Say hello and ask him/her where he/she is going. Ask him/her why? (gjxtvý$) Ask him/her if he/she is a waiter/waitress. Say that you are also going to work. Say that you are a lecturer at a university. Reply appropriately.

Now make up your own role-play. You should include questions relating to the following: i) health, ii) nationality, iii) work, iv) your partner ’s intended destination. Stick to what you know and do not be over-ambitious. uóhjl Jlüccf nhjkküq,ec

town Odessa (Black Sea resort) trolleybus

A new ab initio Russian course

gótpl dtkjcbgül gjxtvý($)

train bicycle why(?)

gjnjvý xnj

because

59

Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Telling the time. Listen to and read the following.

Crókmrj ctqxác dhüvtyb$

Rjnóhsq xfc$

(Ctqxác) xfc&

(Ctqxác) ldf xfcá&

(Ctqxác) nhb xfcá&

XtnÏht xfcá&

(Ctqxác) gznm xfcód&

Itcnm xfcód&

Ctvm xfcód&

Dóctvm xfcód&

Lücznm xfcód&

Jl¿yyflwfnm xfcód&

Lüdznm xfcód&

Ldtyálwfnm xfcód&*

* midday = gókltym (m); midnight = gókyjxm (f)

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the following recordings from the radio in which an announcer tells you different times in Moscow. Jot down the times after the second listening. Each announcement begins Ujdjh¿n Hálbj Vjcrdá& Vjcródcrjt dhüvz &&& (Radio Moscow speaking. Moscow time is ...). Notice that the announcer uses the twentyfour hour clock. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the appropriate forms of the Russian for ‘hour(s)’ or ‘o’clock’: xfc (after numbers ending in 1, except 11), xfcá (after numbers ending in 2, 3, 4, except 12, 13, 14) and xfcód (after all other numbers). i& 5 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ii. 12 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& iii. 4 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& iv. 23 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& v. 21&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& vi. 11 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& vii. 16 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& viii. 22 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& crókmrj ctqxác dhüvtyb$ (colloquial) what’s the time? (literally: how much now is the time?) rjnóhsq xfc$ (higher style) what is the time? (literally: which (is the) hour?)

60

ctqxác gókltym (m) gókyjxm (f) ujdjh¿n

now midday midnight is speaking

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The footballer Galina Aleksandr The doctor Yevgeniya Nikita

Chapter 3

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening The following speakers are all talking about their plans to go out. State where each person is intending to go and at what time. To express ‘at’ a given time, Russians simply use d (+ accusative). The endings do not change; e.g. d xfc (at one o’clock), d ldf xfcá (at two o’clock), d xtnÏht xfcá (at four o’clock), d gznm xfcód (at five o’clock), d lücznm xfcód (at ten o’clock), d gókyjxm (at midnight).

‘On’, used with days of the week To express ‘on’ with days of the week, simply use d (+ accusative)

d gjytlükmybr dj * dnóhybr d chüle d xtndühu d g§nybwe d ce,,óne d djcrhtcüymt

on on on on on on on

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

* The sound -î is added purely for ease of pronunciation; (cf. dj Aháywbb).

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Say on which days of the week Inna (who has eclectic taste) listens to the types of music listed below. Note that the noun goes into the Accusative case after the phrase z ckýif. (I listen to). This rule is explained in the next chapter. hjr-y-hókk gjg-výpsrf l;fp ýcnhályfz výpsrf rkfcc¿xtcrfz výpsrf hüuub yfhólyfz výpsrf (d) xfc (d) ldf#nhb#xtnÏht xfcá (d) gznm#itcnm (etc.) xfcód z ckýif. (+ accusative) hjr-y-hókk gjg-výpsrf

A new ab initio Russian course

___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

(at) one o’clock (at) two/three/four o’clock (at) five/six (etc.) o’clock I listen to rock and roll pop music

l;fp ýcnhályfz výpsrf rkfcc¿xtcrfz výpsrf hüuub yfhólyfz výpsrf

jazz light music classical music reggae folk music

61

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GRAMMAR THE USE OF GJ (+ DATIVE) IN SET EXPRESSIONS

You do not need to know all the endings of the Dative case at this stage. However, you should remember that the preposition gj usually takes the Dative and you should learn the following expressions by heart: rnj ns#ds gj ghjaüccbb$ z gj ghjaüccbb &&&

- what is your profession? (literally: who are you by profession?) - I am a ... (literally: I am by profession a ...)

rnj ns#ds gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$ z gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb &&&

- what is your nationality? (literally: who are you by nationality?) - I am ... / my nationality is ... (literally: I am by nationality ...)

REGULAR VERBS : HF<ÿNFNM (TO WORK)

By now you will realize that all verbs, apart from ‘to be’, have special forms for the present tense. It is important to distinguish between these forms since verbs are generally just listed under the infinitive in Russian dictionaries (to do, to work etc.). You can easily recognize the infinitive by its last two letters, usually -òü (e.g. lükfnm - to do) and occasionally -÷ü (e.g. gtxm - to bake) or -òè (e.g bln¿ - to be going). As you will have noticed, the ending of the verb is determined by the personal pronoun (z^ ns^ jy^ jyá^ jyó^ vs^ ds^ jy¿). In most cases you simply remove -òü from the infinitive and add the relevant endings: HF<ÿNFNM

z hf,ónf-. vs hf,ónf-tv ns hf,ónf-tim ds hf,ónf-tnt jy, jyá, jyó hf,ónf-tn jy¿ hf,ónf-.n The endings -þ^ -tim^ -åò^ -åì^ -åòå^ -þò are very common when the infinitive ends in -àòü or -ÿòü (e.g. vty§nm - to change). Verbs in this group (which in future we will refer to as first conjugation or type I verbs) always adhere to the following two rules: 1) 2)

they retain -à (or -ÿ) in their conjugated forms (e.g. z hf,ónf-.); they have fixed stress (i.e. the stress remains the same in their conjugated forms as in the infinitive).

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Work out how to conjugate the verbs xbnánm (to read) and ckýifnm (to listen to). z xbná&&& ns xbná&&& jy#jyá xbná&&&

62

vs xbná&&& ds xbná&&& jy¿ xbná&&&

z ckýif&&& ns ckýif&&& jy#jyá ckýif&&&

vs ckýif&&& ds ckýif&&& jy¿ ckýif&&&

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Match the personal pronouns with the appropriate forms of the verb vty§nm (to change). vty§.n vty§. vty§tv vty§tim vty§tn vty§tnt

Chapter 3

vs ns jy¿ ds z jy#jyá

THE VERBS BLN¡ (TO BE GOING ON FOOT) AND É{FNM (TO BE GOING BY TRANSPORT) z blý ns bl/im jy#jyá#jyó

bl/n

BLN¡ TO (BE) GO(ING) ON FOOT I am going vs bl/v you are going ds bl/nt he/she/it is going jy¿ blån

we are going you are going they are going

É{FNM TO (BE) GO(ING) BY TRANSPORT I am going vs ültv we are going you are going ds ültnt you are going he/she/it is going jy¿ ülen they are going

z üle ns ültim jy#jyá#jyó ültn

THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (WITH MOVEMENT)

In response to the question ‘Where are you going?’ - Relá ns bl/im#ültim$ # ds bl/nt#ültnt$, you normally use d or yf (as appropriate) followed by the Accusative case. The endings of the Accusative case are as follows: M F

z blý#üle d gfhr z üle d <áptkm*

I’m going to the park I’m going to Basle

z blý#üle d iróke I’m going to school z üle d lthüdy. I’m going to the country

N

z blý#üle d ctkó z üle yf vóht

P L z blý yf náyws z üle d Fa¿ys

gfhr - gfhr < á p t k m - <áptkm

(no change) (no change)

i r ó k f - iróke (-f replaced by -e) l t h ü d y z - lthüdy. (-z replaced by -.)

I’m going to the country I’m going to the seaside

ctkó vóht

I’m going to a dance I’m going to Athens

n á y w s - náyws Fa¿ys - Fa¿ys

- ctkó - vóht

(no change) (no change) (no change) (no change)

Only the feminine singular forms ending in -f or -z change.

* The names of towns and islands ending in a soft sign ( -m) are masculine.

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing The following expressions all use the Accusative case. What would the standard (or Nominative) form of the word in the Accusative be? 1. Jyá ültn d lthüdy.& 2. Vs ültv d Vjcrdå& 3& Z blå d uóhjl

A new ab initio Russian course

4& Ds bl/nt yf rjywühn$ 7& Z blå yf náyws& 5& Jy¿ ülen d šyukb.& 8& Jy ültn d Jlücce& 6& Ns ültim d iróke$ 9& Vs bl/v d rbyó&

63

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THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (WITH TIMES OF THE DAY AND DAYS OF THE WEEK)

The Accusative case is used after d to express ‘at’ a certain time and ‘on’ a day of the week. However, you will find it easier just to remember the following as set phrases. Telling the time - 12-hour clock at one o’clock/ at midday/ at midnight at two/three/four o’clock at five/six/seven/eight > twelve o’clock

d xfc#gókltym#gókyjxm d ldf#nhb#xtnÏht xfcá d gznm#itcnm#ctvm#dóctvm > ldtyálwfnm xfcód

Telling the time - 24-hour clock d d d d

xfc (etc.) The same as the 12-hour clock up to 1200 hours. nhbyálwfnm#xtnÏhyflwfnm > ldálwfnm xfcód ldálw fnm jl¿y xfc ldálwfnm ldf#nhb#xtnÏht xfcá

at 1300/1400 > 2000 hours at 2100 hours at 2200/2300/2400 hours

Days of the week d gjytlükmybr dj dnóhybr d chüle d xtndühu

on on on on

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

d g§nybwe d ce,,óne d djcrhtcüymt

on Friday on Saturday on Sunday

MASCULINE AND FEMININE FORMS FOR PROFESSIONS

As in many other languages, some jobs only have masculine or feminine forms, whilst others have two possibilities. Here is a list of the jobs you have met so far. MASCULINE

fldjrán* frn/h ,fyr¿h** ,fhvüy dhfx ** u t ó k j u** ubvyácn ;ehyfk¿cn by;tyüh** —————— vtl,hán jabwbáyn gtdüw g h t g jl f d á n tk m —————— cnhj¿ntkm** ntktajy¿cn ex¿ntkm a e n , jk ¿ c n ija/h**

FEMININE

—————— àrnh¿cf —————— ,áhvtyif —————— —————— ubvyácnrf ;ehyfk¿cnrf —————— vfiby¿cnrf*** vtlctcnhá jabwbáynrf gtd¿wf g h t g jl f d á n tkmybw f * * * * ctrhtnáhif***** —————— ntktajy¿cnrf ex¿ntkmybwf a e n , jk ¿ c n r f ——————

ENGLISH

barrister actor/actress banker barman/bar woman doctor geologist gymnast journalist engineer typist (male) nurse waiter/waitress singer lecturer secretary builder telephonist teacher footballer driver, chauffeur

*

Theoretically the form fldjrfnüccf exists but the masculine form is generally preferred even for women, since fldjrfnüccf sounds over-stylized and pedantic. ** If no generally acceptable female form exists, the masculine form is used; e.g. jyá [jhóibq dhfx (she is a good doctor), jyá bpdücnysq utókju (she is a well-known geologist). *** The masculine word vfiby¿cn means ‘machinist’/‘machine engineer’ or ‘engine driver’. **** The form ghtgjlfdántkmybwf is used less frequently than ghtgjlfdántkm and can have somewhat pejorative overtones. ***** The masculine form ctrhtnáhm refers to the secretary of an organization. Note that ctrhtnáhm is also used of women, especially in compound forms (e.g. ctrhtnáhmvfiby¿cnrf). 64

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 4

×åòâ¸ðòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER FOUR - ×ÅÒ¨ÐÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ AT THE AIRPORT

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 ÀÝÐÎÏÎÐÒӋ

In Chapter Four you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to speak with a passport control officer and a customs officer to change currency to read addresses and telephone numbers to understand airport announcements

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3.

the prepositional case ending -ý after â and íà the prepositional case after î (‘about’) the accusative case to indicate the direct object

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading Work out the meaning of the following words which relate to passport control and customs. To help you with the more difficult ones, clues are provided. (You will find the answers in the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page.) Checks

gácgjhnysq rjynhókm nfvó;yz

Places

fýhjgóhn ,.hó

Clues: 1. Nfvó;yz - traditions or habits, now disappearing within the European Union? 2. The Russian verb yjc¿nm means ‘to carry’. 3. The Russian word uhfy¿wf means a ‘frontier’ or ‘border’. 4. The word ‘valuta’ is in the English dictionary. Does it mean i) a ballroom dance in triple time, ii) courage, iii) currency, iv) a gentleman’s personal attendant?

People

yjc¿kmobr nfvó;tyybr gjuhfy¿xybr neh¿cn(rf)

Objects

,fuá; d¿pf ltrkfháwbz gácgjhn dfkønf

On arrival in Russia you are required to go through passport control where uniformed officers will check your passport, visa and intended length of stay. Then you have to go on through customs which has two channels, red and green. Like all foreigners, you are obliged to pass through the red channel, rhácysq rjhblóh, where you may be stopped and searched. It is important that you declare currency and other valuables, such as precious metals or stones, so that you can take them out with you again when you leave the country.

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

At Pulkovo - 2 Airport

Chapter 4

D fýhjgjhný Gýkrjdj - 2

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading The following is a dialogue between an English tourist and a Russian passport control officer (or, more strictly speaking, a border guard). Listen to it and then read it out in pairs.

GšCGJHNYSQ RJYNHÿKM

Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n Gjuhfy¿xybr Ne h ¿ c n

- Plhádcndeqnt! Dfi gácgjhn^ gj;ákeqcnf& - Plhádcndeqnt! Djn vjq gácgjhn& - F ult dáif d¿pf$ - Djn jyá& - Ds fyukbxáyby$ - Lf^ z fyukbxáyby& - F gjxtvý ds ;bd/nt d Fvühbrt$ - Vj§ ;tyá fvthbráyrf^ b vs ;bd/v b hf,ónftv d Ym.-Qóhrt& - F rnj ds gj ghjaüccbb$ - Z - ex¿ntkm& * Z hf,ónf. d irókt& - Rfr dfc pjdýn$ - Vty§ pjdýn Váqrk& - F afv¿kbz? - Vj§ afv¿kbz Nóvcjy - {jhjió& Dc/ d gjh§lrt& Lj cdbláybz& - Cgfc¿,j& Lj cdbláybz&

* Russian frequently uses a dash to indicate the present tense of the verb ‘to be’. gácgjhnysq rjynhókm gácgjhn nfvó;yz nfvó;tyybr fýhjgóhn d fýhjgjhný

passport control ,.hó yjc¿kmobr passport gjuhfy¿xybr customs neh¿cn(rf) customs officer ,fuá; airport â¿pf at the airport dfkønf

A new ab initio Russian course

office porter border guard tourist luggage visa (hard) currency

ltrkfháwbz gj;ákeqcnf djn ;tyá dc/ d gjh§lrt dc/ d gjh§lrt

declaration (form) please, you’re welcome here (is/are) wife everything, all in order everything is OK

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Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. Passport control. You play the role of A, the passport control officer or boarder guard (gjuhfy¿xybr), and your partner plays the role of B, the tourist (neh¿cn#rf). Then reverse the roles. A

Say hello. Ask to see his/her passport. Ask for his/her visa. Ask him/her what his/her nationality is. Ask why he/she lives in England. Ask what job he/she does. Ask him/her for his/her name. Say goodbye.

B

Respond appropriately. Offer him/her your passport. Present your visa. Say you are Canadian. Say that you work in Manchester. Tell him/her that you are a doctor. Tell him/her your name. Reply appropriately.

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading The following is a dialogue between the English tourist, Mr Thomson, and a Russian customs officer. Listen to it and then read it out in pairs.

NFVÿ:YZ Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr Ne h ¿ c n Nfvó;tyybr

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Ló,hsq ltym& Ýnj âàø ,fuá;? Ló,hsq ltym& Lf^ ¢nj ìîé ,fuá;& {jhjió^ f ult dáif ltrkfháwbz$ Djn jyá& E dfc tcnm dfkønf$ Lf^ tcnm& F rfráz e dfc dfkønf b crókmrj$ Fyuk¿qcrbt aýyns& E vty§ 1000 (nÏczxf) aýynjd& F hý,kb e dfc tcnm$ Ytn^ he,küq e vty§ ytn& F ult vó;yj gjvty§nm aýyns$ D ,áyrt ¿kb d ,.hó gj j,vüye dfkøns& * Cgfc¿,j& Lj cdbláybz& Lj cdbláybz&

* A common alternative is j,vüyysq geyrn - d j,vüyyjv gýyrnt&

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Run through the above dialogue in pairs replacing the italicized words with the following: Plhádcndeqnt Ló,hjt ýnhj Fvthbráycrbt lókkfhs 800 (djctvmcón) lókkfhjd lókkfhs e dfc (tcnm) &&&$ (formal) lf^ tcnm rfráz e dfc dfkønf$ crókmrj$ aeyn fyuk¿qcrbt aýyns e vty§ (tcnm) &&& nÏczxf

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do you have ...? yes, I do what currency do you have? how much/many? pound British pounds, pounds sterling I have ... a thousand

nÏczxf aýynjd he,km (m) (he,k¿) e vty§ ytn he,küq vó;yj($) gjvty§nm ,.hó gj j,vüye dfkøns ló,hjt ýnhj lókkfh fvthbráycrbt lókkfhs djctvmcón lókkfhjd

a thousand pounds rouble (roubles) I do not have any roubles can one/I/you/we?, one can to change currency exchange bureau good morning dollar American dollars eight hundred dollars

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7&

Rfr dfc pjdýn$ ‹ Ýnj dfi ,fuá;$ E dfc tcnm dfkønf$ Ult dáif ltrkfháwbz$ Rnj ds gj ghjaüccbb$ Ds fyukbxáyby$ Ult vó;yj gjvty§nm dfkøne$

D ,áyrt& Djn jyá& Z ex¿ntkm& Lf^ z fyukbxáyby& Lf^ vjq& Vty§ pjdýn Váqrk& Lf^ tcnm&

Chapter 4

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading Match the following questions with the appropriate answers.

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading Look at the Russian declaration form and answer the questions below.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What is the person’s surname? What is the person’s patronymic? What is the person’s nationality? Is the purpose of his visit a) business, b) tourism or c) personal? How much currency is the person carrying and in which denominations? What is the full Russian phrase for ‘customs declaration form’? What is the Russian for (i) ‘drugs’, (ii) ‘radioactive materials’?

A new ab initio Russian course

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Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking/Writing Answer the following questions in English relating to the business cards below. Then write down your answers to the same questions in Russian with reference to the box below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What is the person’s first name? What is the person’s profession? Where does the person live? What is the number of the house/flat? What is the person’s telephone number?

A

Dbyjuháljdf ÿkmuf Gtnhódyf ghtgjlfdántkm ã. Vjcrdá ek&* Ltrf,h¿cnjd^ l& 30^ rd& 67 ntk& 350 - 43 - 70**

B

Há,byjd Vb[f¿k Fk trcáylhjdbx utókju ã. Njv cr gh&* Djccnáybz^ l& 17^ rd& 95 ntk& 19 - 26 - 52

C

Gtcród Bdáy âhmtdbx by;tyüh ã. Rehcr ek& Yjdjc t kjd***^ l& 40^ rd& 81 ntk& 63 - 09 - 98

D

Bcátdf Vfh¿yf Cthuütdyf dhfx Cfyrn-Gtnth,åhu gh& Rekmn ý hs^ l& 50^ rd& 106 ntk& 110 - 47 - 84

* Abbreviations: ek& = ýkbwf^ l& = ljv^ rd& = rdfhn¿hf^ gh& = ghjcgürn^ ntk& = ntktaóy ** Moscow has seven-digit numbers. 350 = nh¿cnf gznmltc§n *** Yjdjc/kjd - Russians usually omit the two dots (or diaeresis) in writing.

T/ pjdýn ÿkmuf& Jyá ghtgjlfdántkm& ÿkmuf ;bd/n d Vjcrdü yf ýkbwt Ltrf,h¿cnjd^ d lóvt @ nh¿lwfnm^ d rdfhn¿ht @ itcnmltc§n ctvm& T/ ntktaóy% 350 - 43 - 70&

Finally use the business cards and the model above as the basis for four interviews with your partner. You should reverse the roles each time. The questions you should ask will be as follows: Rfr tuó#t/ pjdýn$ D rfróv lóvt$ Rnj jy#jyá gj ghjaüccbb$ D rfróq rdfhn¿ht$ Ult jy#jyá ;bd/n$ Rfróq e ytuj # e yt/ ntktaóy$ ek& Ltrf,h¿cnjd gh& Djccnáybz ek& Yjdjc/kjd

gh& Rekmnýhs yóvth (=@)

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Decembrists’ Street Avenue of the Uprising New Setttlers’ Street Culture Avenue number

rfróq d rfróv (m) ... / d rfróq (f) ...? (adjectives in prepositional case) e ytuó e yt/

(In which block of flats?) (In which flat?) (What is his/her telephone number?)

which(?), what (sort of)(?) in which ...? he has she has S azov (Russian from Scratch )

 áþðó ïî îáìüíó âàëøòû Òóð¿ ñòêà Ñëåæàùàÿ Òóð¿ ñòêà Ñëåæàùàÿ Òóð¿ ñòêà Ñëåæàùàÿ Òóð¿ ñòêà Ñëåæàùàÿ Òóð¿ñòêà

At the Bureau de Change

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Ló,hsq ltym& Z [jnükf ,s gjvty§nm dfkøne& Ló,hsq ltym& F rfráz e dfc dfkønf$ E vty§ fyuk¿qcrbt (1) __________________ b fvthbráycrbt (2) __________________. {jhjió& Crókmrj aýynjd ds [jn¿nt gjvty§nm$ F rfróq ctqxác rehc aýynf$ Rehc aýynf - 44 (cóhjr xtnÏht) he,k§& Z [jnükf ,s gjvty§nm (3) __________________ aýynjd& F crókmrj lókkfhjd ds [jn¿nt gjvty§nm$ Rehc lókkfhf - 31 (nh¿lwfnm jl¿y) hý,km& - Z [jnükf ,s gjvty§nm (4) __________________ lókkfhjd&

Chapter 4

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the following dialogue and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below.

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Act out the above dialogue in pairs, replacing the amounts you wish to change with the following. You should change roles each time. 1.

(3) (4)

£180 $65

2.

(3) (4)

£75 $130

3&

(3) (4)

£125 $50

4&

(3) (4)

£48 $195

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading A small group of masculine nouns take the Prepositional case ending -ýý (always stressed) after d and yf. With very few exceptions (e.g. fýhjgóhn - d fýhjgjhný), they are monosyllabic (i.e. they consist of only one syllable). Look at the pictures below and note where the people and objects are. Ult Bdáy$

Ult jxr¿$

Ult šyyf$

Ult †knf$

Jy d ktcå&

Jy¿ yf yjcå&

Jyá yf ,fkå&

Jyá d Rhsvå&

z [jnük (m) ,s (+ infinitive) z [jnükf (f) ,s (+ infinitive) gjvty§nm dfkøne ckå;fobq (m) # ckå;fofz (f) crókmrj aåynjd # lókkfhjd$ ds [jn¿nt($) ldt # nhb # xtnÏht nÏczxb ctqxác A new ab initio Russian course

I would like I would like to change foreign currency clerk, employee how many pounds / dollars? (do) you want(?) two / three / four thousand at the moment, now

rehc aåynf rehc lókkfhf ktc (d ktcå) jxr¿ yjc (yf yjcå) ,fk (yf ,fkå) †knf Rhsv (d Rhsvå)

sterling exchange rate dollar exchange rate forest, wood glasses, spectacles nose ball Yalta (town in Crimea) Crimea

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Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Look at the following pictures and, using the vocabulary at the foot of the page, answer the questions below.

Ult yjc¿kmobr$

Ult nfrc¿$

Ult ,fuá;$

Ult cj,árf$

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading There is another common preposition î (or îá before the vowels à, è, î, ý, ó) - about, which takes the Prepositional case. Note: when j is used before any of the monosyllabic nouns above, the ending is -å; (e.g. j vócnt - ‘about the bridge’). Look at the front covers of these books and suggest what each is about. e.g.

This is a book about a dog.

¢nj ry¿uf j cj,árt&

1&

2&

3&

4&

5&

6&

7&

8&

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking ‘Which town are you thinking about?’ - J rfróv uóhjlt ns låvftim$ You should split up into pairs or groups and then run through the English alphabet from A to Z each naming in turn a town beginning with the appropriate letter; e.g. the first player might begin z låvf. j, F,thl¿yt, the second might say z låvf. j <ócnjyt, the third z låvf. j Rüv,hbl;t and so on. You have five seconds to answer and you score one point for each town you name. If you fail to think of a town or get the ending wrong you score no points. fýhjgóhn (d fýhjgjhnå) airport nfrc¿ (n indeclinable) taxi vjcn (yf vjcnå) bridge

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gjk (yf gjkå) floor cfl (d cflå) garden cgjhn sport

gjk¿nbrf politics htk¿ubz religion våpsrf music

¡ylbz India låvfnm (I) to think

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

QUESTION ( J

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8&

x/v$ # J rjv$

)

J x/v ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$ J ___ ns låvftim$

SUBJECT

irókf ;üyobyf aen,jk¿cn gjhnaükm cj,árf ve;x¿yf šyukbz ktc

ANSWER ( Z

låvf. j #j, ____)

Z låvf. j irókt& Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______ Z låvf. _______

Chapter 4

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing The Prepositional forms of xnj (what) and rnj (who) are j x/v (about what) and j rjv (about whom) respectively. Write out questions and answers relating to the nouns below, using the completed example (no.1) as your model.

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen to all the forms of the personal pronouns ( z, ns, jy, jyá, jyó, vs, ds, jy¿) in the Prepositional case. Then listen again and match up the different forms with the appropriate pronouns. (You will notice that the phrase for about me is somewhat unusual.) about me about you (informal) about him/it about her/it about it (n) about us about you (plural/formal) about them

ó,j j j j j j j j

yfc y/v ytq dfc yb[ nt,ü vyt y/v

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Look at the picture of the Aeroflot ticket and answer the questions below. You should refer to the vocabulary provided at the foot of the page.

1. What is the passenger’s full name? 2. Where was the passenger flying from? 3. Where was the passenger flying to? j rjv ($) j x/v ($) ;üyobyf ve;x¿yf

about whom (?) about what (?) woman man

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,bkün htqc vücnj dhüvz jnghfdküybz

4. What was the flight number? 5. What was the departure date? 6. How much did the ticket cost? ticket flight number seat, place departure time

dhüvz ghb,Ïnbz vfhihån (jn # lj) gjcálrf dÏ[jl

arrival time route (from / to) boarding gate, exit

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Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following airport announcements, which are recorded on the tape. You you should not expect to understand everything, but you should be able to recognize the flight numbers, gate numbers and destinations. When you have heard all the announcements once, listen to each of them again and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below. 1& J,]zdk§tncz htubcnháwbz ,bkünjd b ,fuá;f yf htqc @ dsktná.obq d

^

2& J,]zdk§tncz gjcálrf yf htqc @

^ dsktná.obq d

3& Ghjbpdólbncz gjcálrf yf htqc @ DÏ[jl @

d

4& Gfccf;¿hjd^ dsktná.ob[ hüqcjv @ ghóczn ghjqn¿ yf gjcálre r dÏ[jle @

d

^

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Look at the following timetable and answer the questions below in Russian. You should refer to the vocabulary list at the foot of the page. VJCRDš

KÿYLJY

fýhjgóhn Ithtvünmtdj - 2

fýhjgóhn {bnhóe (nthvbyák 2)

(CFVJKöN - <ÿBYU 767)

Lyb ytlükb

Dhüvz jnghfdküybz

Dhüvz ghb,Ïnbz

Xühtp

Htqc @

Gjytlükmybr

12.00

18.30

Gfh¿;

N194

Dnóhybr

10.15

14.15

ghzvóq

N192

C h tl á

15.45

19.25


N087

G§nybwf

12.00

18.30

Gfh¿;

N194

Ce,,ónf

10.15

14.15

ghzvóq

N192

Djcrhtcüymt

20.00

03.10

Düyf

N065

Xtndühu

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. dsktnánm (I) ghb,sdánm (I) ktnánm (I)

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At what time does the plane leave for London on Monday? On what days can you go to London via Paris? Where does the plane stop on Wednesday? At what time does the flight via Vienna arrive in London? What is the number of the direct flight to London? On what days can you take direct flights? Via which city does the plane fly on Sunday? On which day does the plane not fly? At which terminal does the plane arrive in London? What sort of plane is it? to depart (flying) to arrive (flying) to fly

cfvjk/n ghzvóq xühtp (+ accusative)

plane direct via S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You already know that the Accusative case is used after d (with verbs of movement, days and times). It is also used after very many verbs. Nouns and pronouns which ‘receive’ the action of the verb (i.e. which have an action performed upon them) and which take the Accusative case without a preposition are called direct objects. The direct object always answers the one-word question ‘whom?’ or ‘what?’.

In Russian the direct object (or Accusative) form is usually the same as the standard, nominative forms for masculine, neuter and plural nouns. However, when a feminine noun is at the ‘receiving end’ of the verb, the final -à is replaced by -ó. Hence, ‘to change currency’ is gjvty§nm dfkøne (not dfkønf).

Chapter 4

ACCUSATIVE CASE (DIRECT OBJECTS)

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen to the following extract from a Russian children’s poem and see how many feminine Accusative forms you can spot. Then read through it carefully and make a note of all the feminine nouns in the Accusative case.
Lávf clfdákf d ,fuá; Lbdáy

A lady checked in Settee

Cfrdj§;

Grip

Rjhp¿yf Rfhnóyrf váktymrfz cj,fxóyrf

Basket Hat-box small dog

DÏlfkb lávt yf cnáywbb XtnÏht ptk/ys[ rdbnáywbb J njv^ xnj gjkåxty ,fuá;

They issued the lady at the station Four green receipts As proof that they had received her luggage

Ghbü[fkb gznyálwfnsq yóvth Dtp/n yf ntkü;rt

cpálb dtlån cj,fxóyre

They have arrived number fifteen Carries on a trolley

behind (them) follows a small dog on a lead

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the following list of objects and say which items are normally checked in and which are not. (Remember the Accusative endings.)

J,Ïxyj clføn d ,fuá; &&& # yt clføn d ,fuá; &&& (+ accusative) Usually people check in ... / don’t check in ...

gbfy¿yj xtvjláys cfrdj§; cj,árf htdjkmdüh gjhnaükm ,óv,f róirf j,Ïxyj

usually

A new ab initio Russian course

gbfy¿yj (n indeclinable)

piano

,óv,f

bomb

75

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Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Just as some nouns change in the Accusative case, so too do pronouns (cf. English: ‘The lecturer knows me, him, her, us, them’). The Accusative form of rnj (who) is rjuó (whom), in which ã is pronounced â. Listen to the different forms of the personal pronouns (z, ns, jy, jyá, jyó, vs, ds, jy¿) in the Accusative case, which are recorded three times. Then match up the various forms with the appropriate pronouns, in response to the following question: Rjuó pyátn ghtgjlfdántkm$ he knows me he knows you (informal) he knows him/it he knows her/it he knows it (n) he knows us he knows you (formal/plural) he knows them

Who(m) does the lecturer know?* jy jy jy jy jy jy jy jy

pyátn pyátn pyátn pyátn pyátn pyátn pyátn pyátn

dfc b[ vty§ tuó yfc tuó nt,§ t/

* The Accusative of xnj (what) is the same as the Nominative, hence ‘What does the lecturer know?’ is Xnj pyátn ghtgjlfdántkm$

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the role of A and your partner plays the role of B. Then reverse the roles. A

Say hello. (formal) Introduce your friend, Vadim. Ask your partner whether he/she knows his (i.e. Vadim’s) sister. Say that she is called Svetlana. Say that you do not know them. Ask where they live. Conclude the conversation appropriately. A

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Return the greeting. Point out that you are already acquainted. Say that you do not know her and ask your partner what her name is. Ask your partner if he/she knows Galina and Marina. Tell your partner that they know him/her. Say that they live on prospekt Stachek. Respond accordingly. B

Say hello. (informal) Ask him/her what the time is. Ask him/her if he/she is reading the novel (hjváy) Brothers Karamazov. Say that you are reading a newspaper. Say no, you always (dctulá) read Pravda. Ask him/her if he knows the magazine (;ehyák) Krokodil. Reply that you usually read Krokodil. Say goodbye. rjuó (pronounced rjdó) (accusative of rnj) pyfnm (I) ghjcgürn Cnáxtr hjváy «
B

whom

Return the greeting. Reply that it is seven o’clock. Say yes, you are reading it and ask your partner what he/she is reading. Ask if it is Izvestiya. Say that you also (nó;t) read it. Say that you know it but do not read it. Ask him/her what magazine he/she usually reads. Say you prefer (,ókmit k.,kø) Ogonek. Reply appropriately. «Bpdücnbz» «Ghádlf» dctulá «Rhjrjl¿k»

to know Avenue of Strikes novel Brothers Karamazov (novel by (z) ,ókmit Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1879 - 1880) k.,kø

Izvestiya = News (daily paper) Pravda =Truth (hard-line paper) always Krokodil = Crocodile (satirical magazine) I prefer (literally: I like more) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ÿ ns jy#jyá#jyó vs ds jy¿

xbná. xbnátim xbnátn xbnátv xbnátnt xbná.n

ckåif. ckåiftim ckåiftn ckåiftv ckåiftnt ckåif.n

lükf. lükftim lükftn lükftv lükftnt lükf.n

u ek § . u ek § t i m u ek § t n u ek § t v u ek § t n t u ek § .n

j nl s [ á . j nl s [ á t i m j nl s [ á t n j nl s [ á t v j nl s [ á t n t j nl s [ á . n

Chapter 4

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Revising type I verbs. Look at the following first conjugation verbs, some of which you have already met: xbnánm (to read) ckåifnm (to listen), lükfnm (to do, make), uek§nm (to go for a stroll), jnls[ánm (to rest, go on holiday), dcnhtxánm (to meet). In the list below you will find them in all their conjugated forms. Listen twice to the telephone conversation on the tape and circle any forms of the verbs which you hear . dcnhtxá. dcnhtxátim dcnhtxátn dcnhtxátv dcnhtxátnt dcnhtxá.n

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the recording and fill in the table in English. In addition to the vocabulary at the foot of the page, you will find the following phrases helpful:

ctuólyz nfráz [jhóifz gjuólf (it’s such good weather today), e l§lb <óhb (at Uncle Borya’s), rá;tncz (it seems, apparently), (ns) xtv pfybvátimcz$ (what are you up to?), xühtp xfc (in an hour), jyá künbn r yfv bp VjcrdÏ (she is flying here from Moscow), ns hápdt yt pyátim (don’t you really know?), ye^ yt ,åle nt,§ ,ókmit pflüh;bdfnm (well, I won’t detain you any longer).

Who is doing what?

Rnj xnj lük ftn$

Natasha (Yfnáif)

Home alone, reading and listening to music

Tanya (Náyz)

Natasha’s children (lünb Yfnáib)

Natasha’s husband (ve; Yfnáib) Tanya’s husband (ve; Náyb)

Her husband’s sister (ctcnhá t/ vå;f)

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the descriptions of people’s daily routines and fill in the grid below in English. (Some of the answers are completed for you.)

¡VZ$

Ivan

LöKFTN P F D N H F R F T N $ RFR JY(š) J < ö L F T N $ LöKFTN í:BYFTN$ XNJ JY(š) P F HZ L RE $ DJ CRÿKMRJ$ öLTN D DJ CRÿKMRJ$ L J V š I Y T T DJ CRÿKMRJ$ L ö K F T N BYCNBNEN$ PFLšYBT$ DöXTHJV$

ü

bus

ü 12 o’clock

ü

û Yuri

û

û

ü

listens to music

ü uek§nm (I) j,ülfnm (I) jnls[ánm (I) dcnhtxánm (I)

to go for a stroll to have lunch to rest, go on holiday to meet

A new ab initio Russian course

rjyathüywbz lükfnm (I) pfh§lre pádnhfrfnm (I) dj crókmrj$

conference to do exercises to have breakfast at what time?

ljváiytt homework pfláybt å;byfnm (I) to have supper düxthjv in the evening

77

×åòâ¸ðòàÿ ãëàâà

GRAMMAR THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE ENDING -å/ø (ALWAYS STRESSED) AFTER D AND YF

Nominative (xnj$)

fýhjgóhn ,fk Rhsv ktc vjcn yjc g jk cfl ,ühtu ,jhn uk f p rhfq k/l kj, keu gjhn gjcn g h el hjn

(airport) (ball) (Crimea) (forest, wood) (bridge) (nose) (floor) (garden) (shore, bank) (side of ship, board) (eye) (edge) (ice) (forehead) (meadow) (port) (post) (pond) (mouth)

Prepositional (ult$) d fý hjgjhnå yf ,fkå d Rhsvå d ktcå yf vjcnå yf yjcå yf gjkå d cflå yf ,thtuå yf ,jhnå d uk fpå yf rhfø yf kmlå yf k,å yf keuå d gjhnå yf gjcnå d ghelå dj hnå

(soft ending) (fleeting vowel, plus filling m ) (fleeting vowel)

(dj used for ease of pronunciation; fleeting vowel)

THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE AFTER O (ABOUT) The endings are normally the same as with â and íà& MASCULINE ljv gjhnaükm nhfvdáq FEMININE rdfhn¿hf ntnhálm Aháywbz NEUTER gbcmvó vóht pláybt

(house) (briefcase) (tram)

j lóvt j gjhnaükt j nhfvdát

(about a/the house) (about a/the briefcase) (about a/the tram)

(flat) (exercise-book) (France)

j rdfhn¿ht j ntnhálb j Aháywbb

(about a/the flat) (about a/the exercise-book) (about France)

(letter) (sea) (building)

j gbcmvü j vóht j pláybb

(about a/the letter) (about the sea) (about a/the building)

The preposition î changes to îá before the vowels à, è, î, ý, ó. jryó š y uk b z

(window) (England)

j, jryü j, šyukbb

(about a/the window) (about England)

The ending -å is used after masculine nouns which take -ó / -þ ‹ after â and íà& ,ühtu ktc rháq

78

(shore, bank) (forest, wood) (edge)

j ,ühtut j küct j rhát

(about the bank) (about a/the forest) (about the edge)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Nominative rnj($) xnj(?) z ns jy#jyó jyá vs ds jy¿

Prepositional j rjv($) j x/v(?) j ,j vyt j nt,ü j y/v j ytq j yfc j dfc j yb[

(about what(?)) (about whom(?)) (about me) (about you) (about him/it) (about her/it) (about us) (about you) (about them)

(Equivalents with â(î) and íà) (d#yf rjv($)) (d/yf x/v(?)) (yf#dj vyt) (yf#d nt,ü) (yf/d y/v) (yf#d ytq) (yf#d yfc) (yf#d dfc) (yf#d yb[)

Chapter 4

Pronouns

THE ACCUSATIVE CASE (DIRECT OBJECT) Nouns and pronouns which receive the action of the verb without a preposition (i.e. which have an action performed upon them) usually take the Accusative case. These nouns and pronouns are known as direct objects. The direct object always answers the one-word question ‘whom?’ or ‘what?’; e.g. who(m) do you see in the park? - I see the girl (direct object = the girl), what do you see in the park? I see the bench (direct object = the bench).

The direct object (or Accusative) form is generally the same as the standard, nominative forms for masculine, neuter and plural nouns. MASCULINE ;ehyák (magazine)

cnelüyn xbnátn ;ehyák

(the student is reading a magazine)

NEUTER gbcmvó

(letter)

cnelüyn xbnátn gbcmvó

(the student is reading a letter)

PLURAL ufpüns

(newspapers) cnelüyn xbnátn ufpüns

(the student is reading the newspapers)

However, when a feminine noun is at the ‘receiving end’ of the verb, the final -à is replaced by -ó and the final -ÿ is replaced by -þ. The ending does not change if the final letter is -ü. FEMININE ry¿uf ctcnhá n/nz vfnm

(book) (sister) (aunt) (mother)

cnelüyn cnelüyn cnelüyn cnelüyn

xbnátn ry¿ue pyátn t/ ctcnhå pyátn t/ n/n. pyátn t/ vfnm

(the student is reading a/the book) (the student knows her sister) (the student knows her aunt) (the student knows her mother)

Pronouns Nominative Accusative rnj($) xnj($) z ns jy#jyó jyá vs ds jy¿

rjuó ($) xnj($) vty§ nt,§ tuó t/ yfc dfc b[

A new ab initio Russian course

rjuó jyá ckåiftn$ xnj jyá ckåiftn$ jyá ckåiftn vty§ jyá ckåiftn nt,§ jyá ckåiftn tuó jyá ckåiftn t/ jyá ckåiftn yfc jyá ckåiftn dfc jyá ckåiftn b[

(to whom is she listening?) (what is she listening to?) (she is listening to me) (she is listening to you) (she is listening to him/it) (she is listening to her/it) (she is listening to us) (she is listening to you) (she is listening to them) 79

×åòâ¸ðòàÿ ãëàâà

80

Official invitation for a private visa

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 5

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER FIVE - ÏßÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ SHOPPING FOR FOOD

-

ÏÎÊÓÏÊÀ ÏÐÎÄÓÊÒÎÂ

In Chapter Five you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

to find your way around a Russian supermarket to say ‘I have’ and ‘I haven’t’ to express a request to ask about the price of food to ask where somebody or something is from

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

adjectives (m, f, n, pl) in the nominative case the prepositional singular of adjectives the genitive singular of nouns the genitive of personal pronouns the numerals 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000

There are many places in Russia where people buy food. Despite the appearance of the new western style supermarkets (cegthváhrtns or eybdthcávs ) and private shops (xácnyst vfufp¿ys), most people still shop at the state-owned stores which are called ufcnhjyóvs. In a ufcnhjyóv the choice is limited but prices are low. There are also markets hÏyrb (sing. = hÏyjr) or ,fpáhs which offer a wide choice, but prices tend to be high. Street trading is a comparatively new phenomenon with small stalls kfhmr¿ (sing. = kfh/r) and kiosks (rbócrb) springing up in every available space. Although their prices seem low, the quality is sometimes very poor and they are best avoided. Russian currency is based on the rouble (he,km) which is divided into 100 kopecks (rjgüqrf). Due to inflation, the kopeck is now not used very frequently, although it continues to exist.

cegthváhrtn / eybdthcáv xácnysq vfufp¿y ufcnhjyóv hÏyjr / ,fpáh

82

supermarket private shop food store market

rbócr kfh/r he,km (m) rjgüqrf

kiosk stall rouble kopeck S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Êàêóé ¢òî îòäüë$ - Which department is it?

¢ nj

¢ nj

¢ nj

¢ nj

¢ nj

¢ nj

vjkóxysq jnlük [kü,ysq jnlük hÏ,ysq jnlük

dairy products department bread department fish department

A new ab initio Russian course

vzcyóq jnlük rjyl¿nthcrbq jnlük jdjoyóq jnlük

Chapter 5

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below of various departments in a Russian supermarket. Choose the appropriate name for each department from the vocabulary list at the foot of the page. Fill in the correct name above each picture.

meat department confectionary vegetable department

83

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading Read and translate the following text. Complete the tasks after the text, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you.

Yfnáif bl/n d ufcnhjyóv Ctuólyz xtndühu& Yfnáif [óxtn ghbujnódbnm dråcysq j,ül& Yj cyfxákf yå;yj reg¿nm ghjlårns^ b Yfnáif bl/n d ufcnhjyóv& Pltcm vó;yj reg¿nm dc/^ rhóvt ahårnjd& Ahårns ghjlføncz yf hÏyrt& Djn [kü,ysq jnlük& Pltcm Yfnáif gjregátn ,üksq [kt, b ,åkjxrb& Gjnóv jyá bl/n d vjkóxysq jnlük b gjregátn ck¿djxyjt váckj b gjke;¿hyjt vjkjró& Gjnóv jyá bl/n d jdjoyóq jnlük& Pltcm ghjlføncz cdü;fz rfgåcnf^ vjhródm^ cfkán b lheu¿t ódjob& Yfnáif ds,bhátn ptk/ysq gühtw b rhácyst gjvblóhs& Â hÏ,yjv jnlükt ghjlf/ncz x/hyfz brhá^ yj jyá óxtym ljhjuáz& Yfnáif gjregátn nókmrj hÏ,e& B yfrjyüw^ yå;yj reg¿nm xnó-yb,elm yf ltcühn& Â rjyl¿nthcrjv jnlükt Yfnáif ds,bhátn ,jkmióq njhn& 1. All the words in bold are adjectives. Fill in the nouns they describe in the table below. Indicate their gender, number and case. The first one is done for you. adjective dråcysq [kü,ysq ,üksq vjkóxysq jdjoyóq ,jkmióq ptk/ysq ck¿djxyjt gjke;¿hyjt cdü;fz ljhjuáz x/hyfz rhácyst d hÏ,yjv d rjyl¿nthcrjv

noun j,ül

gender / number / case masculine / singular / accusative

2. Complete the following rule: In Russian the adjective always agrees with the noun it describes in ______________, ______________ and ______________. 3. What gender are the adjectives dråcysq and jdjoyóq? 4. Complete the following rule: Hard masculine adjectives have the unstressed ending ______ and the stressed ending _______. 84

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Natasha buys some brown bread. 2. She buys butter at the dairy department. 3. Then she goes to the fish department. 4. At the vegetable department she buys carrots and salad. 5. For pudding she chooses a big cake.

(Ytn^ jyá gjregátn* ,üksq [kü,) ( )

Y

(

)

(

)

(

)

Chapter 5

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Indicate whether the following sentences (based on Activity Two) are True (Ï) or False (Í) and correct the sentences in Russian where required. The first sentence is done for you.

Activity Four - ×åòâåðòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Listening/Writing Read the following text and fill in the gaps choosing the adjectives from the box below. Put the adjectives in the appropriate gender, number and case. Listen to the tape to check your answers. ,üksq gjke;¿hysq

cdü;bq ** ck¿djxysq

,jkmióq ;/knsq

rhácysq x/hysq

ptk/ysq ljhjuóq

Ctuólyz vs bl/v yf hÏyjr& Pltcm ghjlføncz hápyst ghjlårns% __________ ódjob b ahårns^ _________ váckj^ ________ hÏ,f^ ________ brhá^ f nár;t [kt, b v§cj& Vs gjregátv __________ [kt,^ ,jkmi¿t _________ gjvblóhs^ _________ gühtw b _________ vjkjró& X/hyfz brhá óxtym _________^ b vs gjregátv hÏ,e& Gjnóv vs bl/v gjregánm ahårns& Vs ds,bhátv __________ ,f y á y s& * You come across two verbs for ‘to buy’ in this chapter: gjregánm (from which the present tense is formed) and reg¿nm. Do not worry about the distinction at this stage. This is dealt with in detail in Chapter Fifteen. **Some masculine adjectives have the ending -èé. This is determined by the spelling rule. See the Grammar section for more details.

ghbujnódbnm jyá [óxtn dråcysq j,ül yj cyfxákf yå;yj reg¿nm ghjlårns rhóvt ahårnjd ghjlføncz gjregánm (I) ,üksq [kt, ,åkjxrf

to cook she wants delicious dinner but first (of all) it is necessary to to buy food except for fruit are sold to buy white bread bread roll

A new ab initio Russian course

gjnóv ck¿djxyjt váckj gjke;¿hyjt vjkjró cdü;fz rfgåcnf vjhródm (f) cfkán lheuóq ódjob ds,bhánm (I) ptk/ysq gühtw

then butter half fat milk fresh cabbage carrots salad other vegetables to choose green pepper

rhácyst gjvblóhs x/hyfz brhá ljhjuóq nókmrj hÏ,f yfrjyüw xnó-yb,elm (yf) ltcühn njhn ;/knsq ,fyáy

red tomatoes black caviar expensive only fish finally something (for) dessert cake yellow banana

85

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Pairwork. Look at the following pictures of food products and ask your partner in which department you can buy them. Use the model in the box below to help you. Complete the sentences underneath each picture. Note: an adjective in a phrase such as ‘in the bread department’ should be used in the Prepositional case (since it agrees with the case of the noun ‘department’). In order to use a masculine adjective in the Prepositional case, simply remove the nominative masculine ending -ûé and replace it with -îì: d [kü,yîì jnlükå in the bread department

[kü,yûé jnlük bread department

- Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^* d rfróv jnlükt vó;yj reg¿nm brhå$ - Brhå vó;yj reg¿nm d hÏ,yjv jnlükt& Ult ¢nj vó;yj reg¿nm$

-

Where can I buy it?

HÏ,e vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

Vjkjró vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

Gühtw vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

{kt, vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

V§cj vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

Njhn vó;yj reg¿nm d

jnlükt&

* Many requests in Russian start with direct phrases such as crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ &&& (tell me, please ...), ,ålmnt lj,hÏ &&& (be so kind ...) or ghjcn¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ &&& (excuse me, please ...). These phrases are largely interchangable.

86

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You will need to know how to form the Prepositional case of feminine adjectives, as the names of some shops in Russian look like feminine adjectives. They are part of a small group of so-called adjectival nouns, which look like adjectives, and change their endings in the same way as adjectives. In order to use a feminine adjective in the Prepositional case simply remove the nominative feminine ending -àÿ and replace it with -îé: ,åkjxyàÿ bakery

Chapter 5

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner where it is possible to buy different products in Russia. You should use the model in the box below and you may refer to the photographs to help you.

d ,åkjxyîé

at the bakery

- Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ rfróq ¢nj vfufp¿y$ - ¢nj ,åkjxyfz& - F xnj vó;yj reg¿nm d ,åkjxyjq$ - D ,åkjxyjq vó;yj reg¿nm &&&

Cardinal numbers (200 - 1,000) 200 300 400

ldücnb nh¿cnf xtnÏhtcnf

500 600 700

gznmcón itcnmcón ctvmcón

800 djctvmcón 900 ltdznmcón 1,000 n Ï c z x f

Note: compound numerals are formed by placing simple numerals in sequence, exactly as in English; e.g. 456 (xtnshtcnf gznmltc§n itcnm - four hundred and fifty-six)^ 1,973 (nÏczxf ltdznmcón cüvmltczn nhb - one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three)& ,åkjxyfz rjyl¿nthcrfz

bakery confectioner’s

A new ab initio Russian course

vfufp¿y «vjkjró\ fgnürf

dairy products shop chemist

87

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ctlmvjt pflfybt Listening /Writing Listen twice to the following numbers and write them out in figures. When you have checked your answers write the numbers out in full in Russian. The first one is done for you. 1. 1,649 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

NÏczxf itcnmcón cóhjr lüdznm

How much does it cost?

-

Crókmrj ¢nj cnóbn$

To ask the price of a single item, simply use the phrase crókmrj cnóèò + a singular noun in the Nominative case: Crókmrj cnóèò vjkjró$ Crókmrj cnóèò [kt,$ Crókmrj cnóèò hÏ,f$

How much is the milk? How much is the bread? How much is the fish?

If the noun that you want to ask about is plural, use the phrase crókmrj cnóÿò + a plural noun in the Nominative case: Crókmrj cnóÿò ,fyáys$ How much are the bananas? Crókmrj cnóÿò gjvblóhs$ How much are the tomatoes?

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the following statements about the prices of various foodstuffs and fill in the price tags below in figures. Then ask your partner about the prices, using the model in the box below to help you. - Ghjcn¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ crókmrj cnóbn rjrf-rókf$ - Rjrf-rókf cnóbn lücznm he,küq ,enÏkrf*& * When you have to use the phrases ‘per kilo/bottle’ or ‘each’ simply say the price + the noun ‘kilo/ bottle’ or ‘each’ in the Nominative case.

1& 2& 3& 4&

Njhn cnóbn dóctvmltczn he,küq rbkjuhávv&
,fyáys

,enÏkrf

88

bottle

njhn

inårf

each

vjkjró

rbkjuhávv

kbvóys

kilogramme

kbvóy

lemon

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Purchase

Price

Chapter 5

Activity Nine - Ltdznjt pflfybt Listening Listen to the following dialogues twice and find out what the people are buying and the price of each purchase. Fill in your answers in English in the table below, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

Per

1. 2. 3. How to say ‘Where are you from?’ ‘Where from’ is one word in Russian - jnrålf. Simply say jnrålf + the Nominative case of a personal pronoun or noun: Jnrålf ds/ns$ Where are you from?

Jnrålf jy/jyá$ Where is he/she from?

Jnrålf Yfnáif$ Where is Natasha from?

The answer to the above questions is expressed by the preposition èç (from) + the place name in the Genitive. If the place name is masculine the ending -à is added: Kóyljy (London) - bp Kóyljyà (from London). If the place name is feminine the final -à (or -ÿ) is removed and the ending -û (or -è) is added respectively: Vjcrdá (Moscow) - bp VjcrdÏ (from Moscow); šyukbÿ (England) - bp šyukbè (from England). Jnrålf ds$

I am from Russia

Z bp Hjcc¿b

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/writing Look at the following pictures and say who these people are and where they are from. Complete the sentences under each picture in Russian. Then find out where your fellow students are from.

¢nj

¢nj

¢nj

Jyá bp

Jy bp

Jy bp

dbyó cjr

wine juice

A new ab initio Russian course

gfrün csh

carton cheese

xfq

tea

89

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

A ctivity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the newspaper advertisement below of a Russian import company and answer the following questions in English. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

1. 2. 3. 4.

In which city is the company located? What products are advertized for sale? Which countries supply goods to the company? What do you think the adjective w¿nhecjdst means? Why is it in the plural form?

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the countries and products mentioned in the advert from Activity Eleven, compose and act out dialogues along the lines of the following model. - Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ jnrålf dfi cá[fh$ - Yfi cá[fh c* Erhf¿ys& * In Chapter 1 you learned that some nouns require íà instead of â + the Prepositional case. These nouns require ñ/ñî instead of èç + the Genitive case; e.g. íà Erhf¿yt (in Ukraine) - c Erhf¿ys (from Ukraine). Almost all islands require íà + the Prepositional and accordingly require ñ + the Genitive case.

rhågysq bvgjhn/h dscjrjráxtcndtyysq ghjlårns gbnáybz CYU Tdhógf Xü[bz ghtlkfuánm (I)

90

large importer high quality foodstuffs CIS Europe Czech Republic to offer

c/cj (+ genitive) crkfl cá[fh róat (m indeclinable) Rbgh (yf R¿ght) Wtqkóy Ujkkáylbz

from warehouse sugar coffee Cyprus Sri Lanka Holland

Erhf¿yf vjkóxyst ghjlårns lüncrjt gbnáybt rjyaüns vjkóxysq ijrjkál

Ukraine dairy products baby food sweets milk chocolate

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Personal pronouns (Nominative case) Z NS JY JYš JYÿ VS DS JY¡

Personal pronouns (Genitive case) D FC T? (YT?)* Y FC B{ (YB{)* NT<† TUÿ (YTUÿ)* VTY† TUÿ (YTUÿ)*

Chapter 5

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen to the forms of the personal pronouns (z^ ns^ jy^ jyá^ jyó^ vs^ ds^ jy¿) in the Genitive case. Then listen again and match up the various forms with the appropriate pronouns. One of them is done for you.

* Personal pronouns in the Genitive case are frequently used after the preposition ó in phrases expressing possession (‘to have’). When åãî, å¸, èõ are used after a preposition, the letter y is added to the pronoun, so they become íåãî, íå¸, íèõ (to facilitate pronunciation); e.g. e ytuó/yt/ tcnm ljv$ - does he/she have a house?; e yb[ tcnm vfi¿yf$ - do they have a car?

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner if he/she possesses any of the objects below. You will need to know the Russian for ‘do you have a + noun?’ - e dfc/nt,§ tcnm + noun in the Nominative case?; e.g. e nt,§/dfc tcnm ljv$ - do you have a house? If you want to give an affirmative reply, simply add lf at the beginning of the sentence and change the personal pronoun to e vty§ to refer to youself; e.g. äf^ e vty§ tcnm ljv - yes, I have a house. If you want to give a negative reply, use the negative word ytn + e vty§ ytn + noun in the Genitive case; e.g. ytn^ e vty§ ytn lóvf - no, I don”t have a house. Note: I don’t have a watch = e vty§ ytn xfcód&

A new ab initio Russian course

91

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing There are five differences in the following two pictures. Spot them and complete the sentences below in Russian.

1. E ytuó tcnm ____________________& 2. E ytuó tcnm ____________________& 3. E ytuó tcnm ____________________& 4. E ytuó tcnm ____________________& 5. E ytuó tcnm ____________________&

1. E ytuó ytn ____________________& 2. E ytuó ytn ____________________& 3. E ytuó ytn ____________________& 4. E ytuó ytn ____________________& 5. E ytuó ytn ____________________&

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the dialogue. Although you will not understand everything, you should be able to complete the table below. Use ticks to indicate which items the couple have and which they do not have. GHJLíRNS váckj [k t, ,fyáys róat cfkán v jk j r ó kbvóys vjhródm cjr xfq dbyó csh gühtw

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TCNM

YTN

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

GRAMMAR Adjectives are words which describe the quality of something, for example, red dress, fresh bread, hot tea. In Russian the adjective always agrees with the noun it describes in gender, case and number. Therefore, if the noun is masculine, singular, nominative, the adjective must have a masculine, singular, nominative ending; e.g. [kü,ysq jnltk& This is also the form in which adjectives appear in dictionaries.

Chapter 5

ADJECTIVES

Most adjectives have the following endings in the Nominative case: Position of stress

Preceding consonant unstressed ending various ã, ê, õ* æ, ø, ÷, ù*

stressed ending

any

Masculine

Feminine

Neuter

[kü,yûé rjyl¿nthcêèé cdüæèé

[kü,yàÿ [kü,yîå [kü,yûå rjyl¿nthcêàÿ rjyl¿nthcêît rjyl¿nthcêèå cdüæàÿ cdüæåå cdüæèå

jdjoyóq

jdjoyáÿ

jdjoyóå

Plural

jdjoyÏå

* Some endings are determined by the spelling rules:

(i) è replaces û after ã, ê, õ, æ, ø, ÷ and ù - lókuèé (long), håccrèé, n¿[èé (quiet), cdü;èé, [jhóièé (good), ujh§xèé (hot), yfcnj§oèé (real); (ii) unstressed j is replaced by å after æ, ø, ÷ and ù - cdü;åå, [jhóiåå, ujh§xåå, yfcnj§oåå. Remember that the stressed ending -óé is used after any consonant.

There are also about thirty so called soft adjectives which end with -íèé in the masculine nominative form. They have the following endings: Masculine c¿yèé (blue)

form.

Feminine c¿yÿÿ

Neuter c¿yåå

Plural c¿yèå

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps in Russian using the following adjectives in the appropriate

1. d r å c y s q __________ dbyó^ __________ [kt,^ __________ hÏ,f^ __________ ,fyáys 2. c d ü ; b q __________ váckj^ __________ njhn^ __________ rfgåcnf^ __________ ódjob 3. l j h j u ó q __________ brhá^ __________ róat^ __________ ahårns^ __________ vjkjró

A new ab initio Russian course

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Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking/Listening Using the appropriate form of rfróq, make each of the phrases from Activity Seventeen into (i) a question, (ii) an exclamation. Use the model below to help you. Then listen to the tape to check your answers. Listen again and repeat each phrase in the gap provided on the tape, trying to imitate the native speaker ’s intonation. - Rfrót ¢nj dbyó$ (What wine is it?) - Rfrót dråcyjt dbyó! (What delicious wine!) 1.

2.

3.

dbyó$

[kü,$

hÏ,f$

,fyáys$

dbyó!

[kü,!

hÏ,f!

,fyáys!

váckj$

nóhn$

rfgåcnf$

ódjob$

váckj!

nóhn!

rfgåcnf!

ódjob!

brhá$

róat$

ahårns$

rjyaüns$

brhá!

róat!

ahårns!

rjyaüns!

Singular adjectives in the Prepositional case Like nouns, adjectives have a set of endings for each case. For the Prepositional case they are: Adjective Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative case [kü,yûé/cdüæèé [kü,yàÿ/cdü;àÿ [kü,yîå/cdüæåå Prepositional case d [kü,yîì/d cdüæåì* d [kü,yîé/d cdüæåé* d [kü,yîì/d cdüæåì* Prepositional case soft adj. d c¿yåì d c¿yåé d c¿yåì * The endings -åì and -åé are determined by the spelling rule - the letter î is replaced by å after æ, ø, ÷ and ù in unstressed adjective endings& Remember that -èé (c¿yèé) is a soft ending, not a spelling rule.

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Reading Put the adjectives in brackets in the appropriate form, and translate the sentences into English. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. 1. Yfnáif ;bd/n d (,jkmióq^ [jhóibq) lóvt& 2& D (rjyl¿nthcrbq) jnlükt vó;yj reg¿nm nóhn^ ijrjkál b rjyaüns& 3& J (rfróq) a¿kmvt ds hfccrápsdftnt^ j (ahfywåpcrbq) ¿kb j (håccrbq)$ 4& D (rfráz) róvyfnt ;bdån ýnb cnelüyns^ d (,jkmiáz) bkb (váktymrfz)$ 5& D (cdü;tt) vjkjrü vyóuj rákmwbz^ f d (cdü;fz) vjhródb vyóuj rfhjn¿yf& 6& Z j,Ïxyj gjregá. [kü, d (,åkjxyfz)^ f yt d ufcnhjyóvt& 7& D (c¿ytt) vóht dókys gküoen^ d (c¿ytt) yü,t pd/pls ,küoen& hfccrápsdfnm (I) to talk, relate róvyfnf room váktymrbq small

94

vyóuj rákmwbq rfhjn¿y

a lot calcium carotene

vóht sea dókys the waves gküoen are lapping

yü,j sky pd/pls the stars ,küoen are shining

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You have already used forms of the Genitive case when talking about the time and prices. Some of the forms you learned were singular (e.g. d 2 xfcá) and some were plural (e.g. d 5 xfcód or 100 he,küq). The Genitive is always used after numbers above one. After two, three, four and any other number which ends with two, three or four (but not 12, 13, 14) nouns are used in the Genitive singular. From five onwards nouns are used in the Genitive plural, which will be dealt with later.

Chapter 5

THE GENITIVE SINGULAR OF NOUNS

There are four basic endings for singular nouns in the Genitive case. They are -à^ -ÿ (masculine & neuter) and -û^ -è (feminine). Masculine

(i) if the noun ends with a consonant simply add -à: Nominative kbvóí gjvblóð

Genitive ldf kbvóíf xtnÏht gjvblóðf

(ii) if the noun ends with -ü or -é replace it with -ÿ: Nominative hå,kü xfé

Genitive nhb he,k§ ldf xáz

Feminine All feminine nouns have exactly the same endings as in the Nominative plural and choice between -û or -è is governed by the same rules (see Chapter 1). But the Genitive singular can differ from the Nominative plural in the position of the stress (as in the first example): Nominative (singular) ctcnhá rjgüqrf vjlükm dáakz (wafle)

Nominative (plural) c/cnhs rjgüqrb vjlükb dáakb

Genitive (singular) nhb ctcnhÏ ldálwfnm xtnÏht rjgüqrb ldt* vjlükb xtnÏht dáakb

* The form ldt is used with feminine nouns.

Neuter (i) if the noun ends with -î^ replace it with -à: Nominative gbcmvó

Genitive ldf gbcmvá

(ii) if the noun ends with -å replace it with -ÿ: Nominative vóht

A new ab initio Russian course

Genitive ldf vóhz

95

Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà

The Genitive case is also used: (i) to express the meaning ‘of’. For example, in the expression ‘‘bottle of milk’, the word ‘of’ is omitted in Russian and the noun ‘milk’ has a Genitive ending; e.g. ,enÏkrf vjkjrá& (ii) after certain prepositions; e.g. bp/c (from), ,tp (without), e (by, near) etc.; e.g. róat bp
¢nj _____________________________

¢nj __________________________________

¢nj _____________________________

¢nj __________________________________

Note: only the second element of rórf-rókf declines; gtxüymt is always singular; the masculine genitive singular of váqcrbq is váqcrjuj , and róat is an indeclinable masculine noun! rjhó,rf gtxüymt

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box biscuit(s)

gáxrf ,áyrf

packet jar S azov (Russian from Scratch )

- Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ crókmrj cnóbn ¢nf rjhó,rf vfhvtkálf$ - 25 he,küq& - F vfhvtkál cdü;bq$ - Lá^ cdü;bq& - Njulá z djpmvå* rjhó,re vfhvtkálf b to/ gáxre rfráj&

Chapter 5

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Listening Listen to and translate the following dialogue. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

* When a phrase containing the Genitive case, which expresses the meaning ‘of ’, is used after a verb requiring the Accusative case, only the first part of the phrase is put into the Accusative. The second part remains in the Genitive case (z djpmvå (+ acc) > rjhó,re (+ gen) > váhvtkflf).

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Write out two dialogues of your own, using the dialogue from Activity Twenty-One as a model, and then act out your dialogues in pairs. Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing Write down the answers to the following questions using the words in brackets in the correct form (remember to use bp, c or ,tp as appropriate). 1. Jnrålf ¢nb cnelüyns$ (šyukbz^ Hjcc¿z^ Fvühbrf^ Bháy)

2. Jnrålf ds gjkexátnt ufpüns b ;ehyáks$ (Vjcrdá^ Kóyljy^ Ym.-Qóhr)

3. Jnrålf bl/n Vfrc¿v$ (eybdthcbnün^ ,b,kbjnürf^ góxnf^ dÏcnfdrf^ rbyó)

4& Ds [jn¿nt xfq ,tp vjkjrá$ (say “yes” and without cá[fh^ v/l^ dfhüymt)*

* Russians sometimes drink tea with honey or jam instead of sugar .

vfhvtkál njulá z djpmvå (+ acc) rfráj (n indeclinable) gjkexánm (I) A new ab initio Russian course

fruit jellies then I’ll have cocoa to receive

góxnf (yf góxnt) dÏcnfdrf (yf dÏcnfdrt) rbyó (n indeclinable) v/l dfhüymt

post office (at the post office) exhibition (at the exhibition) cinema honey jam

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98

Ïðè§òíîãî àïïåò¿òà - bon appütit!

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 6

Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER SIX - ØÅÑÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ I CAN’T HEAR YOU VERY WELL! - ÂÀÑ ÏËÎÕÎ ÑËÛØÍÎ! In Chapter Six you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to use the telephone to say how old you are to express likes and dislikes (using the verb íðáâèòüñÿ) to shop for clothes

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

expressing possession (‘to have’) the numerals 1,000 + impersonal expressions and the dative case (pronouns and singular nouns) the accusative of adjectives

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing The Russian for a female telephone operator is, as you already know, ntktajybcnrf. See how many Russian words you can make in 5 minutes using these letters. (The letters ò and å may each appear twice in words.)

Until recently, using the telephone in Russia posed quite a problem and required both patience and perseverance. It was often difficult to get through and reception could be very poor. Most long-distance and international calls on public phones had to be booked in advance at the central telegraph office (wtynhákmysq ntktuháa) or a head postoffice (gjxnávn). However, the situation has changed for the better in the last few years. About half the population now has a mobile phone (vj,¿kmysq ntktaóy or cjnjdóq ntktaóy), and in big cities it is possible to phone virtually anywhere from a public phone ( ntktaóyfdnjván or nfrcja ó y), using coins ( vjy ü ns), a phone card (nfrcja ó yyfz gkfcn ¿ rjdfz ráhnjxrf) or even a credit card (rhtl ¿ nyfz ráhnjxrf).

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading The words and phrases below are all associated with telephoning. By using the knowledge of Russian which you have already acquired and a process of deduction, see if you can identify their meaning from the jumbled-up list of equivalent English terms. (You will find the answers in the vocabulary section.) gjhnfn¿dysq ntktaóy^ ntktajy¿hjdfnm^ ntktajybpáwbz^ ntktaóyyfz cnáywbz^ ujdjh¿nm gj ntktaóye^ ntktaóyyfz ,ålrf^ fdnjvj,¿kmysq hflbjntktaóy^ ntktaóyysq hfpujdóh^ vj,¿kmybr& to speak on the telephone, portable phone, telephone installation, telephone conversation, mobile, carphone, telephone booth, to telephone, telephone exchange 100

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq

Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq Neh¿cn(rf) Ckå;fobq

- Plhádcndeqnt& Vó;yj pfrfpánm hfpujdóh c Iüaabkljv*$ - Vó;yj^ rjyüxyj& Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ d rfróq cnhfyü yf[ólbncz Iüaabkl$ - Iüaabkl yf[ólbncz d Dtkbrj,hbnáybb^ nj tcnm d šyukbb& - Ctqxác ,åltnt ujdjh¿nm$ - Lf^ ctqxác& - Yóvth f,jyüynf^ gj;ákeqcnf& - Yóvth f,jyüynf$ Z yt gjybvá.& - Rfróq yóvth ds yf,bhátnt$ - F-f-f^ ctqxác gjy§nyj& Z yf,bhá. 269-18-75 (ldücnb itcnmltc§n lüdznm - djctvyálwfnm - cüvmltczn gznm)& - F ds yt pyátnt rjl uóhjlf$ - Pyá.& Rjl - 0114 (yjkm - cnj xtnÏhyflwfnm)& - Pyáxbn 044-114-269-18-75 (yjkm cóhjr xtnÏht - cnj xtnÏhyflwfnm - ldücnb itcnmltc§n lüdznm - djctvyálwfnm cüvmltczn gznm)& Rjuó ds dspsdátnt$ - Tuó afv¿kbz - šlfvc^ f ¿vz Rh¿cnjath& - Yf crókmrj vbyån$ - Yf gznm vbyån^ gj;ákeqcnf& - Gznm vbyån& ¢nj 115 (cnj gznyálwfnm) he,küq& - Gkfn¿nm dfv$ - Lf^ vyt& - Gj;ákeqcnf& (Hands over the money) - Djn dáif cláxf& <ålrf yóvth gznm& :l¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ e ntktaóyf& - Cgfc¿,j& - Lj cdbláybz!

Chapter 6

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Read and listen to the following text about booking an international phone call and then take it in turns to play the parts of the speakers.

* = ‘with Sheffield’ - you will learn this construction in Chapter 7.

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the above dialogue as your model, make up two similar conversations in a telegraph office, taking the names and telephone numbers of friends or relatives. (Or if you cannot recall a suitable number, invent friends in, say, Brighton [01273] and Aberdeen [01224].) Reverse the roles after the first dialogue. Remember: in Scotland = d Ijnkáylbb, in Wales = d E¢kmct, in (Northern) Ireland = d (Cüdthyjq) Bhkáylbb, in America = d Fvühbrt, in Canada = d Rfyált. If a number has five digits, you should split it up into two elements of three and two (e.g. 45897 = 458 97) and if it has six digits you should refer to three twofigure numbers (e.g. 918462 = 91 84 62). vó;yj($) pfrfpánm hfpujdóh cnhfyá yf[ólbncz Dtkbrj,hbnáybz nó tcnm ,åltnt ujdjh¿nm? yóvth f,jyüynf

one can, can one? to book conversation country is situated Great Britain i.e. will you speak? subscriber’s no.

A new ab initio Russian course

gjybvánm (I) yf,bhánm (I) gjy§nyj rjl uóhjlf yjkm = yekm pyáxbn dspsdánm (I) yf crókmrj vbyån?

to understand to dial understood town code zero, nill that’s to say to call for how many minutes?

yf 5 vbyån 115 he,küq gkfn¿nm dfv$ vyt (dative) cláxf ,ålrf ;l¿nt e ntktaóyf

for 5 minutes 115 roubles do I pay you? (to) me change booth wait (here:) by the telephone

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Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the following statements about prices and write them out in figures on the products below. Then interview your partner about the prices. (Your question will, of course, be Crókmrj cnóbn &&&$ each time.) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

Dbyó cnóbn ldücnb cóhjr he,küq& Njhn cnóbn cnj ldtyálwfnm he,küq& Csh cnóbn ltdzyócnj ctvm he,küq& V§cj cnóbn dóctvmltczn gznm he,küq& G¿dj cnóbn ldálwfnm gznm he,küq& {kt, cnóbn iücnm he,küq gznmltc§n rjgütr&

Cardinal numbers (1,000 +)

Below are the numbers from1,000 onwards. (You have already learnt the numbers 1 to 100 in Chapter Two and 200 to 1,000 in Chapter Five.) After 10,000 you will recognize the recurring patterns and forming larger numbers should pose few serious problems. 1^000 2^000 3^000 4^000 5^000 6^000 7^000 8^000 9^000 10^000

( jl y á ) nÏczxf ldt nhb  nÏczxb xtnÏht gznm itcnm ctvm  nÏczx dóctvm lüdznm lücznm

20^000 100^000 200^000 1^000^000 2^000^000 3^000^000 4^000^000 5^000^000 20^000^000 100^000^000

ldálwfnm cnj  ldücnb ( jl ¿ y ) ldf nhb  xtnÏht gznm lücznm  cnj

nÏczx v b k k b ó y* v b k k b ó y f* vbkkbóyjd

* The forms vbkkbóy and vbkkbóyf equally apply in numbers such as 21,000,000 and 22,000,000.

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen twice to the following numbers and jot them down in figures. When you have checked your answers write the numbers out in full in Russian. To help you, the first one is done for you. 1& 7896 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 102

Ctvm nÏczx djctvmcón ltdzyócnj itcnm___________________________

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 998345 2. 356729 3. 1076354

4. 728018 5. 42217 6. 601844

7. 9015534 8. 304066 9. 85623

Chapter 6

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing First, read out the following telephone numbers in Russian. Then write them out in full, paying particular attention to spelling. (Remember that seven-digit numbers split up into three elements of three, two and two [e.g. 579-85-91], that six-digit numbers split up into three equal elements of two [e.g. 88-17-11] and that five-digit numbers split up into two elements of three and two [e.g. 338-29].) 10. 2948670 11. 665941 12. 5171282

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the following telephone numbers in Russian and write them down in the spaces provided below. To help you, the first one is done for you. 1. 1845932 2. _______ 3. _______

4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______

7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______

10. _______ 11. _______ 12. _______

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Read and listen to the transcript of the following telephone call and then take it in turns to play the parts of the speakers. Y¿yf Cntgáy Y¿yf Cntgáy Y¿yf

-

Cntgáy

-

Y¿yf

-

Cntgfy Y¿yf Cntgáy

-

Fkkó! Gjghjc¿nt Yfnáie^ gj;ákeqcnf& Dfc gkó[j ckÏiyj& Ujdjh¿nt uhóvxt& Yfnáie^ gj;ákeqcnf& Ds^ yfdühyjt^ ji¿,kbcm yóvthjv& Rfróq yóvth ds yf,bhátnt$ 79-64-23 (cüvmltczn lüdznm - itcnmltc§n xtnÏht - ldálwfnm nhb)& ¢nj 79-64-32 (cüvmltczn lüdznm - itcnmltc§n xtnÏht nh¿lwfnm ldf)& Bpdby¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf& Ybxtuó& Lj cdbláybz& Lj cdbláybz&

Gjghjc¿nt Yfnáió - Accusative case

Remember that the direct object of the verb (i.e. Yfnfif) goes into the Accusative case. fkkó! (used on phone) gjghjc¿nt (imperative) dfc gkó[j ckÏiyj ujdjh¿nt (imperative)

A new ab initio Russian course

hello! ask for, call I can’t hear you (very) well speak

uhóvxt yfdühyj(t) ds ji¿,kbcm yóvthjv bpdby¿nt ybxtuó

louder probably you’ve got the wrong number sorry, excuse me (here:) it doesn’t matter

103

Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Read and listen to the transcript of the following telephone call and then take it in turns to play the parts of the speakers. Cntgáy ÿkmuf Cntgáy ÿkmuf Cntgáy ÿkmuf Cntgáy ÿkmuf

-

Fkkó$ Z dfc ckåif.& ¢nj Yfnáif$ Ytn^ ýnj yt Yfnáif& F Yfnáie vó;yj$ Jyá pltcm e;ü yt ;bd/n& Gjpdjy¿nt gj yóvthe 15-74-89& {jhjió& 15-74-89& Cgfc¿,j ,jkmiót& Gj;ákeqcnf& Lj cdbláybz&

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Listen to the telephone conversation and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below. When you are sure that you know all the missing words, read through the conversation in pairs. Yfnáif Cntgáy Yfnáif Cntgáy Yfnáif Cntgáy Yfnáif Cntgáy Yfnáif Cntgáy

-

Yfnáif Cntgáy Yfnáif Cntgáy -

Fkkó! Ckåif.& _______________& ¢nj ns^ Yfnáif$ Lf^ e ntktaóyf& ¢nj _______________ Cntgáy& Góvybim vty§$ Rjyüxyj góvy.& Z cyódf d ________________& E nt,§ tcnm cdj,ólyjt dhüvz$ Lf^ tcnm& Lfdáq dcnhünbvcz& Lfdáq& F rjulá$ Xühtp___________ e d[ólf d {hfv {hbcná Cgfc¿ntkz& Ns pyátim^ ult yf[ólbncz {hfv {hbcná Cgfc¿ntkz$ Ytn^ yt_____________& ¢nj cjdcüv yódjt pláybt& Nfv^ ult háymit yf[jl¿kcz jnrhÏnsq ,fccüqy `Vjcrdá\& Lf^ ctqxác góvy.& Lj _______________! Gjrá! RUSSIAN TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE

There are many more standard telephone expressions in Russian than in English. When making a call Russians usually say Fkkó! (sometimes pronounced Fk/!), which may be followed by the name of the town (e.g. Fkkó! Vjcrdá$). The most frequent response is either Fkkó! or Z dfc ckåif.^ Ckåif. dfc or simply Ckåif. (literally: ‘I hear you’). Russians rarely give their names when they pick up the receiver, although if ´ they expect the call to be for them personally they sometimes reply E ntktaóyf (literally: ‘On/By the phone’). If they wish to identify themselves they may, of course, use the phrase ¢nj ujdjh¿n &&& (literally: ‘this is ... speaking’). When the quality of the line is poor, you will often hear Russians remark Dfc (or Nt,§) gkó[j ckÏiyj or Z dfc (nt,z) gkó[j ckÏie (I can’t hear you very well). (z dfc) ckåif. vó;yj (gjghjc¿nm) (+ acc) $ e;ü yt gjpdjy¿nt gj yóvthe e ntktaóyf ¢ nj ujdjh¿n &&& góvybim vty§$ góvy. (nt,§)

104

yes, speaking can I speak to ...? no longer call (number) ..., ring ... speaking ... speaking remember me? I remember you

cyódf e nt,§ (tcnm) &&&$ cdj,ólyjt dhüvz lfdáq dcnhünbvcz rjulá ($) xühtp xfc e d[ólf d (+ acc) {hfv {hbcná Cgfc¿ntkz

again do you have? spare time let’s meet when (?) in an hour by the entrance to Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

ult yf[ólbncz &&&$ cjdcüv yódsq háymit íf[jl¿kcz (m) jnrhÏnsq ,fccüqy lj dcnhüxb

where is ... (situated)? brand new previously was situated open(-air) swimmingpool till we next meet

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

{HFV {HBCNš CGFC¡NTKZ In 1931 Stalin decided to destroy one of the most powerful symbols of Russian Orthodoxy, the imposing 19th century Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, situated in the heart of Moscow. In its place Khrushchev ordered the construction of a huge open-air heated swimming pool, named Moskva. In a seemingly extravagant act of reconciliation with the past, the mayor of Moscow, Luzhkov, resolved to rebuild the cathedral on its original site.

Chapter 6

CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST THE SAVIOUR

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following recordings of Russians stating their age and fill in the details below. The first one is done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Anna Pavlovna Galya Boris Ivanovich Yuri Popov Svetlana

46 __________ __________ __________ __________

6. Viktor Luzhkov 7. Nelya Sergeevna 8. Pyotr 9. Katya 10. Pavel Oblomov

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Activity Thirteen - Nhbyflwfnjt pflfybt Reading Look at the picture of the Kuligin family and identify the names and ages of the family members, using the description below.

¢nj Rek¿ubys& Djn lüleirf^ Bdáy Gádkjdbx^ b ,á,eirf^ Vfh¿z Gtnhódyf&

Två dóctvmltczn ctvm ktn^ f tq dóctvmltczn itcnm ktn& ¢nj b[ csy^ Dfkühbq Bdáyjdbx& Två itcnmltc§n ktn& Tuó ;tyå pjdån Trfnth¿yf& Tq gznmltc§n itcnm ktn& E yb[ ldót ltnüq^ Hf¿cf b ¡ujhm& Bv nh¿lwfnm ktn b ldálwfnm lüdznm ktn& Hf¿cf hfpdtltyá^ b e yt/ jl¿y ht,/yjr^ Günz& Tve gznm ktn&

ldót ltnüq

two children

A new ab initio Russian course

jyá hfpdtltyá

she is divorced

ht,/yjr

child

105

Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

HOW OLD ARE YOU?

CRÿKMRJ NT<ö (DFV) KöN$

When Russians talk about age they say ‘ to me ... years’, ‘to you ... years’ etc., which is expressed by use of the Dative case. You have already met most of the Dative forms of the personal pronouns: to me = vyt, to you = nt,ü or dfv (see above), to him = två, to her = tq, to them = bv.

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Work out the Russian for the English phrases on the left-hand side by matching up the ages on the right with the appropriate personal pronouns in the middle. (The only unfamiliar form is done for you.) He is eighteen years old

Vyt

ldálwfnm gznm ktn

She is eleven years old

Nt,ü

lüdznm ktn

You (formal/plural) are thirty-six years old

Två

ltdzyócnj ctvm ktn

We are twenty-five years old

Tq

djctvyálwfnm ktn

They are seventy years old

Yfv

jl¿yyflwfnm ktn

I am ninety-seven years old

Dfv

cüvmltczn ktn

You (informal) are nine years old

Bv

nh¿lwfnm itcnm ktn

ÎÄ¡Í ÃÎÄ ÄÂÀ/ÒÐÈ/×ÅÒõÐÅ ÃÿÄÀ ÏßÒÜ > ÄšÄÖÀÒÜ ËÅÒ The most common form of the word for ‘years’ is ëåò, as you already know; e.g. Crókmrj nt,ü ktn$ (How old are you?) - Vyt jl¿yyflwfnm ktn& (I am eleven years old.). However, for reasons which will become clear later in the course, after the number one you must use the word ãîä; e.g. två jl¿y ujl (he is one year old), tq ldálwfnm jl¿y ujl (she is twenty-one years old). After two, three and four you must use the form ãóäà; e.g. två nhb uólf (he is three years old), tq nh¿lwfnm xtnÏht uólf (she is thirty-four years old), dfv cnj ldf uólf (you are a hundred and two years old).

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Establishing the ages of other students in the class. Every student in the class should ask every other student his or her age Crókmrj nt,ü ktn$ or Crókmrj dfv ktn$ if you wish to be more formal. The student being questioned can either tell the truth or make up an alternative age. The questioner then has to decide whether the age suggested is ghádbkmyj (correct) or ytghádbkmyj (incorrect). If the questioner guesses correctly the interviewee will respond ns ghád(á) or, more formally, ds gháds (you’re right), but if he/she gets it wrong, the response will be ns yt ghád(á) or ds yt gháds. If the questioner is right he/she gets a mark, if not, the interviewee gets the mark. However , the interviewee will get no marks if the questioner spots a mistake in his/her use of the forms ujl, uólf and ktn. The winner is the student who emerges with the largest overall number of marks. 106

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. You are on holiday in Moscow and you have fallen ill. You have gone to the gjkbrk¿ybrf (the equivalent of your local medical centre or GP’s surgery) and the receptionist asks to take down your details. Reverse the roles when you have completed the scene. Your role

Chapter 6

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play

Your partner’s role - the receptionist

Say hello. State your first name and your surname. Give your nationality. Say that you are living in the Hotel Rossiya. State your age. Thank the receptionist.

Respond appropriately. Ask the patient for his/her name. Ask the patient what nationality he/she is. Ask him/her where he/she is living in Moscow. Ask him/her how old he/she is. Tell the patient to take a seat. ( Cfl¿ntcm)

2. You have been asked by the local police to find out some basic information about a (non English-speaking) Russian tourist who has got lost from his/her party. Reverse the roles when you have completed the scene. Your role

Say hello and introduce yourself. Ask the tourist his/her name. Ask him/her where he/she is living. Ask for his/her age. Ask him/her if he/she has a passport. Ask if he/she knows London well. Tell him/her not to worry. (Yt ,tcgjróqntcm) and offer him/her a seat.

Russian tourist

Respond appropriately. Give a suitable Russian name. Say in a hostel (j,ot;¿nbt) in Enfield. State your age. Reply that your passport is in the bus. Say no. Express your gratitude.

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write a short description of your family in Russian, giving their names, ages, where they live and other relevant information (e.g. their nationality, their interests/hobbies, their jobs and their place of work). You may find the phrases below helpful. (Do not worry about the endings and other unfamiliar forms they will all be explained at a later stage.) gáge#jnwá pjdån &&& váve#vfnm pjdån &&& vj¿[ hjl¿ntktq pjdån &&& e vty§ jl¿y ,hfn^ e vty§ ldf#nhb#xtnÏht ,hánf e vty§ jlyá ctcnhá^ e vty§ ldt#nhb#xtnÏht ctcnhÏ lüleire pjdån &&& e vty§ ldót#nhót# xündthj ltnüq cÏyf pjdån &&& vj¿[ ltnüq pjdån &&& gágt &&& ujl#uólf#ktn

cfl¿ntcm^ gj;ákeqcnf A new ab initio Russian course

(my) father/dad is called ... tuó pjdån &&& (my) mum/mother is called ... t/ pjdån &&& my parents are called ... b[ pjdån &&& I have one brother, ,hánf#vj¿[ two/three/four brothers ,hánmtd pjdån &&& I have one sister, ctcnhå#vj¿[ ctcn/h two/three/four sisters pjdån &&&

he is called ... she is called ... they are called ... my brother/s is/are called ... my sister/s is/are called ...

(my) grandfather is called ... ,á,eire pjdån &&& (my) grandmother is called... I have two/three/ four children (my) son is called ... ljxm pjdån &&& (my) daughter is called ... my children are called ... dad is ... years old vávt &&& ujl#uólf#ktn mum is ... years old please take a seat

yt ,tcgjróqntcm (imperative)

do not worry

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Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing As you will have noticed in the exercise above, not only do the personal pronouns change in the Dative case, but nouns also change their forms. There are four basic endings: ó, -þ, -å, -è: (m) Bdáy > Bdáye, Dfc¿kbq > Dfc¿kb., ex¿ntkm > ex¿ntk. (f) šyyf > šyyt, n/nz > n/nt, Vfh¿z > Vfh¿b

Listen to the statements about the following people and fill in their ages in the gaps below. The first one is done for you. When you have completed the listening task, write out the nominative form of the people mentioned. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Cdtnkáyt Bdáyjdyt _____ ktn& <jh¿ce Ybrjkátdbxe _____ ktn& Cnelüyne _____ ktn& Cnelüynrt _____ ktn& <á,eirt _____ ktn& Fylhü. C¿ljhjde _____ ktn& K.lv¿kt Gtnhódyt _____ ktn& Ghtgjlfdántk. _____ ktn& Yflü;lt Dfc¿kmtdyt _____ ktn& Dbnákb. Lv¿nhbtdbxe _____ ktn&

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading The Dative case is also used in a wide range of impersonal expressions, such as Bdáye cråxyj - ‘Ivan is bored’ (literally: ‘To Ivan it is boring’). (For a more comprehensive list of impersonal expressions, see the Grammar section.)

D¿rnjhe [jhjió&

Pbyf¿lt cråxyj&

A/ljhe düctkj&

Lüdeirt [ókjlyj&

Bv ntgkó&

Vákmxbre gkó[j&

Två yhádbncz uókma&

Tq yhádbncz nüyybc&

¡ht yhádzncz rjyaüns&

cråxyj düctkj lüdeirf

108

bored happy girl

[ókjlyj cold ntgkó warm vákmxbr boy

(dative) yhádbncz (+ nom. singular) (dative) yhádzncz (+ nom. plural)

... like(s) (+ object), (subject) please(s) ...

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Name Ivan Mariya Yuri Igor Alya Yekaterina

Likes a lot Beer

Quite likes

Dislikes Coffee

Chapter 6

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the recording in which members of the Petrov family talk about which drinks they like and dislike and complete the table below. Some of the items are already filled in. (All the drinks are given in alphabetical order at the foot of the page, together with other essential vocabulary.)

Tea

Note: nó;t - also (used when the object is the same but the subject is different); (f) nár;t - also, likewise (broader usage - can be used when the subject is the same). See Chapter Thirteen, p. 241.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Now agree upon the choice of six drinks with your partner, but do not tell each other your order of preference. You should ensure that there is one drink which you like a great deal, another four which you like to varying degrees (to be listed in declining order of preference) and a sixth which you positively dislike. Your objective is to try to establish in the least number of goes possible each other’s order of preference, by asking the question Nt,ü yhádbncz &&&$ or Dfv yhádbncz &&&$, if you wish to be more formal. If you very much like the drink mentioned you should reply Lf^ vyt ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz &&& or Lf^ vyt óxtym yhádbncz &&& and if you strongly dislike the drink mentioned you reply Ytn^ vyt cjdcüv yt yhádbncz &&& . Otherwise, you reply in every case Lf^ vyt yhádbncz &&&^ yj vyt ,ókmit yhádbncz &&& and you name the drink which is next highest on your list. This activity can, of course, be repeated with other subjects such as different football teams. Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Answer the following questions in writing, then use the questions as the basis for interviewing your partner about his/her likes and dislikes. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8&

Nt,ü (Dfv) ,ókmit yhádbncz xfq ¿kb róat$ Nt,ü (Dfv) yhádbncz gjk¿nbrf$ Nt,ü (Dfv) ,ókmit yhádbncz utjuháabz ¿kb bcnóhbz$ Nt,ü (Dfv) yhádbncz rkfcc¿xtcrfz våpsrf$ Nt,ü (Dfv) ,ókmit yhádbncz gjg-våpsrf ¿kb l;fp$ Nt,ü (Dfv) yhádbncz aen,ók$ Nt,ü (Dfv) yhádbncz E¿kmzv Itrcg¿h$ Rfróq uóhjl nt,ü (dfv) ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz$

dbyó rórf-rókf rjym§r kbvjyál g¿dj

wine coca-cola cognac lemonade beer

A new ab initio Russian course

vyt ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz &&& vyt ,ókmit yhádbncz &&& vyt cjdcüv yt yhádbncz &&& xfq

I like ... most of all I prefer ... (literally: I like ... more) I do not like ... at all tea

109

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Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading Logic exercise. Five schoolchildren (Natasha, Boris, Lyena, Ivan and Marina) were asked to place Russian, Maths, History, Latin and English in declining order of preference. They all agreed that thay had one subject which they liked a great deal, one which they strongly disliked and three which they liked to varying degrees. However , remarkably, none of them placed any of the subjects in exactly the same position as any of the others. Below are the details of their preferences. Yfnáit yhádbncz fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr^ yj ,ókmit yhádbncz vfntvánbrf& <jh¿ce yhádbncz bcnóhbz^ yj ,ókmit yhádbncz fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr& Küyt yhádbncz kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr b óxtym yhádbncz vfntvánbrf& Bdáye cjdcüv yt yhádbncz vfntvánbrf^ yj två yhádbncz kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr& Bdáye nár;t óxtym yhádbncz bcnóhbz& Vfh¿yt yhádbncz b bcnóhbz^ b vfntvánbrf^ yj tq cjdcüv yt yhádbncz håccrbq zpÏr& <jh¿ce ,ókmit yhádbncz fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr^ xtv Yfnáit& Yfnáit ,ókmit yhádbncz fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr^ xtv Bdáye& Küyt cjdcüv yt yhádbncz fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr& Bdáye ,ókmit yhádbncz håccrbq zpÏr^ xtv kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr b ,ókmit yhádbncz kfn¿ycrbq zpsr^ xtv fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr& Küyt ,ókmit yhádbncz håccrbq zpÏr^ xtv bcnóhbz& Yfnáit nó;t ,ókmit yhádbncz håccrbq zpÏr^ xtv bcnóhbz& Vfh¿yt ,ókmit yhádbncz bcnóhbz^ xtv vfntvánbrf^ b tq yhádbncz vfntvánbrf ,ókmit^ xtv kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr& Küyt ,ókmit yhádbncz kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr^ xtv Bdáye& <jh¿ce ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz håccrbq zpÏr& Now, by putting the appropriate subjects in the correct squares below, see if you can work out the order of preference of each of the children. (No.1 represents the children’ s favourite subject, while No.5 is the subject which they liked least of all.)

Remember: strong dislike is expressed by the phrase &&& cjdcüv yt yhádbncz &&&, while strong liking is expressed either by &&& ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz &&& or by &&& óxtym yhádbncz &&& Note that since none of the children placed a single subject in the same position as any of the others you should have different subjects in each column, both horizontally and vertically. Yfnáif

<jh¿c

Küyf

Bdáy

Vfh¿yf

1 2 3 4 5 håccrbq zpÏr vfntvánbrf 110

Russian (language) mathematics

kfn¿ycrbq zpÏr Latin fyuk¿qcrbq zpÏr English

b &&& b xtv

both ... and than

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Read and listen to the following text about shopping for clothes and then take it in turn to play the parts of the speakers. - Plhádcndeqnt! Xtv z vjuå dfv gjvóxm$ - Gjrf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ vt[jdå. iágre& - Gj;ákeqcnf& - Crókmrj jyá cnóbn$ - 580 (gznmcón dóctvmltczn) he,küq& Ghbvühmnt& - Jyá vyt dtkbrá& F vüymit e dfc tcnm$ - Ytn^ e yfc nókmrj ,jkmi¿t hfpvühs& - F x/hyst ró;fyst gthxánrb e dfc tcnm$ - Djn^ gj;ákeqcnf& Gjcvjnh¿nt& - Jy¿ vyt vfkÏ& <ókmibt gj hfpvühe tcnm e dfc$ - Tcnm& Ghbvühmnt& - ¢nj rfróq hfpvüh$ - Ctlmvóq*& - {jhjió^ jy¿ vyt rfr hfp& Crókmrj jy¿ cnózn$ - 320 (nh¿cnf ldálwfnm) he,küq& - Láqnt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ ldt gáhs& - ¢nj 640 (itcnmcón cóhjr) he,küq - Cgfc¿,j& Lj cdbláybz!

Chapter 6

G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm G h jl f d ü w Gjregántkm

* Ctlmvóq (Seventh) = Size 7. Russian sometimes uses ordinal numbers where English uses cardinal numbers.

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking You are in a Russian shoe shop and you have seen a pair of black shoes which you really like. You play the part of the customer and your partner the role of shop assistant. Reverse roles when you have completed the scene. Customer

Say hello. Ask the assistant to show you the black leather shoes (nåakb) and say how much you like them. Say that you are size 37. Say that they are big on you. Say thank you and ask how much they cost. Tell the assistant that you will take them.

ghjlfdüw (ghjlfdo¿wf) gjregántkm(ybwf) xtv z vjuå dfv gjvóxm$ gjrf;¿nt (imperative) vt[jdóq iágrf ghbvühmnt (imperative) jy(-ó^ -á^ -¿) vyt dtk¿r (-ó^ -á^ -¿) vüymit nókmrj ,jkmióq hfpvüh x/hysq A new ab initio Russian course

shop assistant customer, shopper (how) can I help you? show (me) fur hat try (it/them) on it’s (they are) big on me smaller, less only, just large size black

Sales assistant

Say hello and ask how you may help. Ask the customer what size he/she is. Say that you only have size 38 and ask the customer to try them on. Tell the customer that you have some very nice shoes in brown (óxtym rhfc¿dst rjh¿xytdst nåakb), size 37. Say that they cost 980 roubles. Say thank you and goodbye.

ró;fysq gthxánrb (sing. gthxánrf) gjcvjnh¿nt (imperative) jy(-ó^ -á^ -¿) vyt vfk (-ó^ -á ^ -Ï) ,ókmibq (-fz^ -tt^ -bt) gj hfpvühe tcnm e dfc$ = e dfc tcnm$ jy (-ó^ -á^ -¿) vyt rfr hfp láqnt ldt gáhs rjh¿xytdsq nåakb (sing. nåakz)

leather gloves have a look it’s (they are) small on me bigger size (literally: according to size) do you have? it is (they are) just right on me I’ll have two pairs brown shoes

111

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GRAMMAR EXPRESSING POSSESSION (‘TO HAVE’)

You have now met the majority of the forms used for expressing possession. As you will have noticed, there is no verb ‘to have’ in Russian. Instead, Russians say e vty§ (tcnm) &&& ‘in my possession (is) ...’ (etc.). The full forms are as follows:

e e (pronounced e ytdó) e e e e e 1) E rjuó tcnm vzx$ Who has a ball?

vty§ (tcnm) nt,§ ( t c n m ) (informal) ytuó ( t c n m ) (m & n) yt/ ( t c n m ) yfc ( t c n m ) dfc ( t c n m ) (formal/plural) yb[ ( t c n m )

I have you have he/it has she/it has we have you have they have

Use of the word tcnm to denote existence E vty§ tcnm& I do.

2) E rjuó vzx$* Who has the ball?

E vty§& I have.

In the first example, the question aims to establish the existence of the ball. In the second example, the existence is not in doubt - the question seeks merely to identify the location of the ball.

Omission of tcnm with adjectives

The word tcnm is therefore usually omitted in statements where the noun is qualified by an adjective, since in such cases we tend to be more concerned with the quality of an object than with its existence. 1) E vty§ tcnm vzx& I have a ball.

2) E vty§ yódsq vzx& I have a new ball.

Use of tcnm with adjectives to provide supplementary information

The word tcnm is, however, used with adjectives when their function is merely to provide supplementary information about an object, (in cases where the existence of the object is already established). By extension, therefore, tcnm is used when the adjective is seen more or less as an integral part of the noun. 1) E vty§ tcnm ,üksq vzx& I have got a white ball.

2) E vty§ tcnm nüyybcysq vzx& I have got a tennis ball.

In the first example, the adjective ‘white’ merely serves to give us a clearer idea of what the ball looks like. In the second example, ‘tennis ball’ is virtually a single entity .

Use of tcnm in questions

Hence, tcnm is commonly used in questions (even when the noun is qualified by an adjective), since questions frequently seek to establish the existence, rather than the quality, of an object. 1) E nt,§ tcnm yódsq vzx$ Lf^ tcnm& Do you have a new ball? Yes, I do. Use tcnm for:

2) E nt,§ yódsq vzx$ Lf^ yjdsq& Do you have the new ball? Yes, the new one.

SUMMARY OF USES

1) Existence 2) Existence & supplementary information

Do not use tcnm for:

1) Quality (=adjectives) 2) Location

* All italicized words are stressed. We are indebted to Robert L. Baker, who provides a useful summary of the main points listed here in Russian for Everybody, Sixth Edition, pp. 165 - 166. 112

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE DATIVE CASE

There are four basic endings for nouns in the Dative case, which are illustrated below by the use of the preposition ê (‘towards’, ‘to [someone’s place]’) The endings are -ó^ -þ (masculine & neuter) and -å^ -è (feminine). MASCULINE d h fx nhfvdáq g h t g jl f d á n t k m NEUTER jryó vóht pláybt FEMININE vtlctcnhá Náyz š y uk b z gkóoflm

(doctor) (tram) (lecturer)

[r] dhfxå [r] nhfvdá. [r] ghtgjlfdántk.

([to] the doctor[’s] ) ([towards] the tram) ([to] the lecturer)

(window) (sea) (building)

[r] jryå [r] vóh. [r] pláyb.

([to] the window) ([towards] the sea) ([towards] the building)

(nurse) (Tanya) (England) (square)

[r] [r] [r] [r]

([to] the nurse) ([to] Tanya[’s]) ([towards] England) ([towards] the square)

vtlctcnhü Náyt šyukbb gkóoflb

Chapter 6

SINGULAR ENDINGS OF NOUNS

Note: masculine nouns ending in -à or -ÿ (e.g. gágf or Rókz) are treated the same as feminine nouns.

Pronouns Nominative

Dative

rnj($) xnj($)

rjv å ( $ ) xtvå($)

z ns jy jyá vs ds jy¿

vyt nt,ü två tq yfv dfv bv

(to/for [etc.] whom?) (to/for [etc.] what?)

(to/for [etc.] me) (to/for [etc.] you) (to/for [etc.] him) (to/for [etc.] her) (to/for [etc.] us) (to/for [etc.] you) (to/for [etc.] them)

Dative (with prepositions)

[r#gj] rjv å ( $ ) [r#gj] x t v å ( $ )

[rj#gj] v y t [r#gj] n t , ü [r#gj] y t v å [r#gj] y t q [r#gj] y f v [r#gj] d f v [r#gj] y b v

Activity Twenty-Six - Ldflwfnm itcnjt pflfybt Writing Translate the following phrases into Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

I am going to the doctor ’s. He is going towards the building. We are going to Ivan’s place. She is going towards the park. They are going to Anna Petrovna’s. Are you [ns] going to Boris Petrov’s? I am going to (see) the nurse. Are you [ds] going to Natalya Ivanovna’s?

A new ab initio Russian course

___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 113

Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

MAIN USES OF THE DATIVE CASE

1. Impersonal constructions Sensations and feelings

vyt (etc.) ... [jhjió^ gkó[j^ kåxit^ [å;t^ düctkj^ uhåcnyj^ bynthücyj^ cråxyj^ ntgkó^ ;áhrj^ låiyj^ [ókjlyj^ eló,yj^ cnháiyj^ nóiyj I feel/am (etc.) ... fine, poorly, better, worse, happy, sad, interested, bored, warm, hot, suffocated, cold, comfortable, terrified, sick Age

vyt (etc.) jl¿y ujl ldf#nhb#xtnÏht uólf gznm > ldálwfnm ktn

(ldálwfnm jl¿y ujl^ nh¿lwfnm jl¿y ujl) (ldálwfnm ldf#nhb#xtnÏht uólf) (ldálwfnm gznm#itcnm#ctvm#dóctvm#lüdznm ktn)

Note: the form ujl is used only when the number actually ends in jl¿y (e.g. 21, 31, 41, 81, 101) and the form uólf is used only when the number actually ends in ldf#nhb#xtnÏht (e.g. 22, 32, 43, 73, 104). Hence, ‘I am eleven’ = vyt jl¿yyflwfnm ktn and ‘I am twelve’ = vyt ldtyálwfnm ktn.

Likes and dislikes vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.)

(yt) yhádbncz &&& (+ singular subject - Nominative case) (yt) yhádzncz &&& (+ plural subject - Nominative case) ,ókmit dctuó yhádbncz &&& # yhádzncz &&& ,ókmit yhádbncz &&& # yhádzncz &&& ^ xtv &&& cjdcüv yt yhádbncz &&& # yhádzncz &&&

Expressions containing verbs vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.)

yt dühbncz (^ xnj &&&) rá;tncz^ xnj &&& ghtlcnj¿n (+ infinitive) &&& ghb[ólbncz (+ infinitive) &&& ckületn (+ infinitive) &&& [óxtncz (+ infinitive) &&&

Set phrases

vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.) vyt (etc.)

;ákm^ xnj &&& yálj (+ infinitive) &&& yå;yj (+ infinitive) &&& yå;ty (+ m. sing. noun - nom.) ye;yó (+ n. sing. noun - nom.) ye;yá (+ f. sing. noun - nom.) ye;yÏ (+ pl. noun - nom.) gjhá (+ infinitive) &&& dc/ hfdyó

Idiomatic usage (relating to clothes)

jy (-ó -á^ ) vyt (etc.) bl/n jy¿ vyt (etc.) blån jy (-á^ -ó^ -¿) vyt (etc.) dtk¿r (-á^ -ó^ -¿ ) jy (-á^ -ó^ -¿) vyt (etc.) vák (-á^ -ó^ -Ï) jy (-á^ -ó^ -¿) vyt (etc.) rfr hfp jy (-á^ -ó) vyt (etc.) gjljql/n jy¿ vyt (etc.) gjljqlån 114

I (do not) like ... I (do not) like ... I like ... most of all I like ... more than ... I do not like ... at all

I do not believe it; I cannot believe that ... it seems to me that ... I have to ..., I am to ... (i.e. the necessity awaits me) I must ..., I have to ... I ought to ... I want to ...

I’m sorry that... I must ..., I have to ... I must ..., I have to ... I need ... I need ... I need ... I need ... it is time for me to ... I don’t mind (literally: it’s all the same to me)

it suits me they suit me it is (they are) big on me it is (they are) small on me it is (they are) just right on me it will suit me (i.e. meet my requirements) they will suit me (i.e. meet my requirements) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The Dative case is used to express ‘to’ or ‘for’ (with living objects), after verbs such as ‘to give’, ‘to say/ speak’, ‘to write’, ‘to show’, ‘to buy’ etc. In these examples the Dative form is known as the Indirect object. láqnt vyt (etc.), gj;ákeqcnf^ håxre jyá vyt (etc.) dctulá ujdjh¿n «ytn\ jy g¿itn vyt (etc.) gj-håccrb gjrf;¿nt vyt (etc.)^ gj;ákeqcnf^ vzx jy vyt (etc.) xácnj gjregátn hóps

please give the pen to me; please give me the pen she always says “no” to me; she always tells me “no” he writes to me in Russian please show the ball to me; please show me the ball he often buys roses for me; he often buys me roses

Chapter 6

2. To express the indirect object (‘to’ or ‘for’)

There are many other verbs (which you will meet in later chapters) that also take the Dative case. These include: dühbnm (to believe), pdjy¿nm (to ring), gjvjuánm (to help), gjpdjk§nm (to permit, allow), hfphtiánm (to allow), hfccrápsdfnm (to relate, narrate, tell) and cjdünjdfnm (to advise).

3. After the prepositions ê, ïî and âîïðåêè The prepositions r (to [someone’s place], towards), gj (along, according to, by etc.) and, less commonly, djghtr¿ (in spite of) are also followed by the Dative case. Several examples of r are given in the section on singular endings and you have also met gj in several set phrases. z blå r dhfxå jy bl/n rj vyt vs bl/v (gj yfghfdküyb.) r gáhre jy¿ blån r ,á,eirt

I am going to the doctor ’s he is coming to my place we are going towards the park they are going to grandmother ’s

rnj jy#á gj ghjaüccbb$ rnj jy#á gj yfwbjyákmyjcnb$

what is his/her job? (lit.: who is he/she by profession?) what is his/her nationality (lit.: who is he/she by nationality?) it is (they are) the right size (lit.: it is/they are according to size) ring (number) ..., call (number) ... an exam in physics on the radio/television go along the street in my opinion in spite of advice, despite the advice

jy (-á^ -ó^ -¿) gj hfpvühe gjpdjy¿nt gj yóvthe &&& ýrpávty gj a¿pbrt gj hálbj#ntktd¿pjhe bl¿nt gj åkbwt gj vjtvå vyüyb. djghtr¿ cjdüne

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Write out the Russian for the following ages, paying particular attention to the Dative case and the forms ãjä, ãóäà and ëåò. 1. Ivan is 67 years (old) 2. She is 35 years (old) 3. Petya is 2 years (old) 4. I am 44 years (old) 5. Marina Pavlovna is 28 years (old) 6. Fyodor Petrovich Karamzin is 31 years (old) 7. He is 53 years (old) 8. They are 12 years (old) 9. Sergei Alexandrovich is 59 years (old) 10. Grandmother is 91 years (old) A new ab initio Russian course

_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 115

Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà

THE ACCUSATIVE OF ADJECTIVES You have already been introduced to the Accusative case of nouns in Chapter Four and you learnt about the Nominative forms of adjectives in the previous chapter. In this chapter you have come across several adjectives in the Accusative case. Masculine and neuter Accusative adjective endings are usually the same as in the nominative case, but the feminine forms -àÿ and -ÿÿ change to -óþ and -þþ, respectively. MASCULINE (no change) Djn êðáñíûé b ñ¿íèé gbl;ár& Vávf vyt gjregátn êðáñíûé b ñ¿íèé gbl;ár& Djn ãîëóáóé uákcner& Z gjregá. två ãîëóáóé uákcner&

Here is the red and (dark) blue jacket. Mum is buying me the red and (dark) blue jacket. Here is the (light) blue tie. I am buying him the (light) blue tie.

NEUTER (no change) Djn çåë¸íîå b ñ¿íåå gfkmnó& Gágf vyt gjregátn çåë¸íîå b ñ¿íåå gfkmnó& Djn æ¸ëòîå gkánmt& Z tq gjregá. æ¸ëòîå gkánmt&

Here is the green and (dark) blue coat. Dad is buying me the green and (dark) blue coat. Here is the yellow dress. I am buying her the yellow dress.

FEMININE (-àÿ changes to -óþ; -ÿÿ changes to -þþ) Djn ÷¸ðíàÿ iágrf& Z nt,ü gjregá. ÷¸ðíóþ iágró&

Djn ñ¿íÿÿ ø,rf& Ns vyt gjregátim ñ¿íþþ ø,ró$

Here is the black hat. I am buying you the black hat.

Here is the (dark) blue skirt. Are you buying me the (dark) blue skirt?

PLURAL (no change) Djn êîð¿÷íåâûå nåakb& Vjq ,hfn vyt gjregátn êîð¿÷íåâûå nåakb& Djn ñüðûå gthxánrb& Z gjregá. ctcnhü ñüðûå gthxánrb&

Here are the brown shoes. My brother is buying me the brown shoes. Here are the grey gloves. I am buying my sister the grey gloves.

Activity Twenty-Eight - Äâàäöàòü âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Write out the Russian for the following, paying particular attention to the adjective endings. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Mum is buying me a black jacket. I am buying her a (light) blue coat. He is buying me a red dress. I am buying mum grey shoes. Dad is buying me a green hat. I am buying you a red tie. My brother is buying me the yellow gloves. My sister is buying me a new brown coat. I am buying him a (dark) blue jacket. Are you buying me a (dark) blue skirt?

__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 7

Ñåäüìàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER SEVEN - ÑÅÄÜÌÀß ÃËÀÂÀ AT THE HOTEL - Â ÃÎÑÒÈÍÈÖÅ In Chapter Seven you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

to book a hotel room to register to find your way around the hotel to make general requests to say ‘there is/are (not)’

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ordinal numerals the declension of titles the instrumental singular of nouns and personal pronouns (after c) the accusative case to express duration of time the verbs ‘to want’ (õîòüòü) and ‘to speak, say, tell’ (ãîâîð¿òü) When looking for accommodation in Russia, the traveller is presented with several possibilities. Western-style hotels have now appeared in major cities. They are of high quality but the rooms (yjvthá) are often very expensive. The old Intourist hotels, which once were the best available, now tend to occupy the middle range. Municipal hotels are cheap but standards are generally low. They often have inadequate plumbing, periods without hot water and poor hygiene. (You may need to know the Russian word for cockroach - nfhfráy!).

118

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Note: floors in Russian are numbered differently than they are in English. The English ground floor is called the first floor (gühdsq ýná;) in Russian and so on up.

Chapter 7

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening The tape outlines the facilities available at an hotel in St. Petersburg. Listen to the recording twice and complete the tables below. In the first table tick any facilities which you hear mentioned. Listen again and indicate in the second table where the different facilities are located. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

Ordinal numbers (first, second etc.) decline like hard adjectives with the endings -ûé /-îé, except for nhünbq. Like adjectives, ordinal numbers agree in gender, case and number with the noun they qualify. For further details, see the Grammar section.

Facilities restaurant

car-park snack- bar satellite swimming- sauna hairbar TV pool dresser

car hire

currency exchange

Gr. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the information from Activity One, say which facilities are present in the hotel and which are not. Use the following model as a guide: Xnj tcnm d ujcn¿ybwt $ - D ujcn¿ybwt tcnm ,fh& Xtuó ytn d ujcn¿ybwt $ - D ujcn¿ybwt ytn ,áhf& You will need to know the Russian for ‘there is / are’ - tcnm + Nom and ‘there isn’t / aren’t’ - ytn + Genitive. Note: the English word order is different from Russian; e.g. d ujcn¿ybwt tcnm ,fh - there is a bar in the hotel; d ujcn¿ybwt ytn ,áhf - there isn’t a bar in the hotel. ujcnm (m) / uócnmz (f) ljhju¿t uócnb eckåub r dáibv eckåufv bvü.ncz ,eaün ,fccüqy geyrn gj j,vüye dfkøns gfhbrvá[thcrfz cáeyf A new ab initio Russian course

guest dear guests services for your use there are snack-bar swimming-pool currency exchange office hairdresser sauna

ghjrán / fhüylf vfi¿y fdnjcnj§yrf cgånybrjdjt ntktd¿ltybt hfcgjkó;tys gühdsq ýná; dnjhóq ýná; nhünbq ýná; xtnd/hnsq ýná; g§nsq ýná;

car hire car-park satellite TV are situated ground fioor 1st floor 2nd floor 3rd floor 4th floor

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Ñåäüìàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing / Speaking Pairwork. Look at the tables below and write down where the various facilities are located in each hotel. Then repeat the activity orally. Use the following model as a guide: - Ult yf[ólbncz gfhbrvá[thcrfz d ujcn¿ybwt «Tdhógf» / d «Tdhógt»$ - Jyá yf[ólbncz yf dnjhóv ýnf;ü& Note: if the names of hotels are quoted, they are declined, unless they are preceded by ujcn¿ybwf (hotel), which is itself declined, instead.

ýná;

ujcn¿ybwf «Hjcc¿z»

ýná;

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

ujcn¿ybwf «Tdhógf»

You will need to know the Russian for ‘it is situated in/on ...’ - jy/jyá/jyó yf[ólbncz d/yf + Prepositional; e.g. ,fh yf[ólbncz yf xtnd/hnjv ýnf;ü - the bar is situated on the fourth floor (3rd floor in the UK). When asking questions, remember that the English word order is different from the Russian; e.g. ult yf[ólbncz ,fh$ - where is the bar situated?

Activity Four - ×åòâåðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner the role of B, then reverse the roles. Use vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. A (guest) Say good afternoon. Ask whether there is a bar in the hotel . Ask where it is situated. Say thank you.

Give an appropriate reply. Give an affirmative reply. Say it is situated on the ground floor. Respond appropriately.

Say good morning. Ask whether there is a fax at the hotel. Ask where the nearest fax is situated. Say thank you.

Give an appropriate reply. Give a negative reply. Say it is situated at the hotel Metropole . Respond appropriately.

Tdhógf yf[ólbncz flvbybcnhánjh nhtyf;/hysq pfk geyrn vtlbw¿ycrjq góvjob gjxnódsq §obr

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B (receptionist)

Europe is situated receptionist gym first aid room post box

afrc rjyathüyw-pfk crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf ,kb;áqibq Vtnhjgókm (m)

fax conference room could you tell me please nearest Metropole

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Fyrünf uócnz afv¿kbz ¿vz^ ónxtcndj yóvth gácgjhnf wtkm gjüplrb chjr ght,sdáybz ljváiybq álhtc

Chapter 7

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Upon arrival at a hotel all guests are required to fill in a registration form (fyrünf uócnz) like the one given below. Read the form using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page and try to fill it in.

ltkjdáz^ k¿xyfz^ neh¿pv c ... gj ...

lánf

gólgbcm

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading /Speaking After registration all guests are issued with a guest card. This is used to re-enter the hotel and collect the room key. Look at the card below and answer the following questions in Russian. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

Rfr pjdån uócnz$ Rfróq e ytuó yóvth róvyfns$ Crókmrj lytq jy ,åltn ;bnm d ujcn¿ybwt$* D rfróv uóhjlt yf[ólbncz ujcn¿ybwf$ Rfróq yóvth ntktaóyf d ujcn¿ybwt$ Rjulá d ujcn¿ybwt hfcx/nysq xfc$

* To answer this question you will need to know the Russian for ‘(for) 1, 2, 3 ... days’: 1 (jl¿y) 2 (ldf) 3 (nhb) 4 (xtnÏht) 5 (gznm à)

wtkm (f) gjüplrb ltkjdáz gjüplrf k¿xyfz gjüplrf neh¿pv chjr ght,sdáybz # ghj;bdáybz c &&& (+ gen) gj &&& (+ acc) ljváiybq álhtc A new ab initio Russian course

ltym lyz lyz lyz lytq

purpose of the trip business trip private trip tourism length of stay from ... until ... home address

(for) one day (for) two days (for) three days (for) four days (for) five days

lánf gólgbcm (f) yóvth róvyfns crókmrj lytq ,åltn ;bnm hfcx/nysq xfc ghjlküybt

date signature room number (for) how many days (he/she) will stay check-out time extension

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Ñåäüìàÿ ãëàâà

Irregular verb ‘to want’ - [jnünm This verb combines the personal endings of the 1st and 2nd conjugations and doesn’t conform to any of the patterns of regular verb types. Singular (1st conjugation)

Plural (2nd conjugation)

z [jxå ns [óxtim jy/jyá/jyó [óxtn

vs [jn¿v ds [jn¿nt jy¿ [jn§n

I want you want he/she/it wants

we want you want they want

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading The following is a dialogue between a hotel receptionist and a family of three (mother, father and teenage daughter). Listen to it and repeat it with your partner. Jnüw Flvbybcnhánjh Jnüw Flvbybcnhánjh Jnüw Flvbybcnhánjh Vfn m Ljxm Vfnm Flvbybcnhánjh Jnüw Flvbybcnhánjh Vfn m Flvbybcnhánjh Vfn m Flvbybcnhánjh Jnüw Flvbybcnhánjh Vfn m

-

Plhádcndeqnt^ vs [jn¿v pfrfpánm ldf yóvthf& Ló,hsq ltym^ rfr¿t yjvthá ds [jn¿nt$ Jl¿y lde[vücnysq yóvth b jl¿y jlyjvücnysq& B yf crókmrj lytq ds [jn¿nt pfrfpánm yjvthá$ Yf nhb lyz& F rfr¿t yjvthá ds [jn¿nt - c låitv ¿kb c dáyyjq$ C dáyyjq^ gj;ákeqcnf& F z [jxå c låitv^ ückb vó;yj& Ye^ [jhjió& Jl¿y yóvth c dáyyjq b jl¿y c låitv& Z vjuå ghtlkj;¿nm dfv 4-sq ¿kb 8-óq* 'ná;& F yf 1-jv ¿kb 2-óv 'nf;ü e dfc ybxtuó ytn$ R cj;fküyb.^ ytn& Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ f kban e dfc d ujcn¿ybwt tcnm$ Lf^ tcnm& Ye^ njulá yf 4-jv 'nf;ü& Pfgókybnt fyrüns^ gj;ákeqcnf& Ujnódj& Cgfc¿,j& Dáib yjvthá - 425-sq** b 426-óq&*** Djn dáib rk.x¿& :tká. dfv ghb§nyjuj ónls[f& - Cgfc¿,j&

* djcmvóq 'ná; ** xtnÏhtcnf ldálwfnm g§nsq ‘ *** xtnÏhtcnf ldálwfnm itcnóq pfrfpánm (+ acc) yóvth (pl. yjvthá) lde[vücnysq yóvth jlyjvücnysq yóvth yf crókmrj lytq ...? yf nhb lyz lei c låitv ückb vó;yj dáyyf

122

to book, order hotel room double / twin room single room for how many days ...? for three days shower with a shower if possible bath

c dáyyjq z vjuå ghtlkj;¿nm e dfc ybxtuó ytn$ r cj;fküyb. kban pfgókybnm (+ acc) pfgókybnt (imperative) ujnódj ;tká. dfv ghb§nyjuj ónls[f

with a bath I can offer do you have anything? unfortunately lift to fill in could you fill in it’s done I wish you a pleasant stay

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7&

Jy¿ [jn§n pfrfpánm ldf yóvthf Ljxm [óxtn yóvth c dáyyjq Jnüw b vfnm [jn§n yóvth c låitv Jy¿ [jn§n pfrfpánm yjvthá yf nhb lyz Ljxm ,åltn ;bnm d jlyjvücnyjv yóvtht D ujcn¿ybwt ytn k¿anf Jy¿ [jn§n ;bnm yf xtnd/hnjv ýnf;ü

Chapter 7

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen to the dialogue again and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y). The first answer is already provided for you. G

INSTRUMENTAL CASE (with the preposition c) The preposition c (with) takes what is called the Instrumental case. The main meaning of c is ‘with’, ‘accompanied by’: yóvth z [jxå ,snm csy

c dáyyjq c dávb c jnwóv

a room with a bath I want to be with you a son with his father

The endings of the Instrumental singular of nouns are: m ntktaóy/ujcnm c ntktaóyjv c uócntv

Nom (hard/soft) Instr (hard) Instr (soft)

f dáyyf/n/nz c dáyyjq c n/ntq

n jryó/gókt c jryóv c góktv

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. Make up a new traveller - receptionist conversation. You play the role of A and your patner plays the role of B. Then reverse the roles. You should refer to the vocabulary list at the foot of the page. A (traveller)

B (receptionist)

Say good evening. Ask whether they have any vacant rooms. Say you would like to book a single room with a TV and telephone.

Return the greeting. Give an affirmative reply. Say all rooms have TVs and telephones, and ask whether your partner wants a room with a shower or bath. Say you can offer single rooms on the ground floor or on the 10th floor. Ask how many days the traveller wants a room for. Say: “O.K.” and ask the guest to fill in a registration form. Say: “here is the key to your room; your room number is 106”. Reply appropriately.

Make your own choice. Say you want a room on the ground floor. Reply that you want to book a room for 5 days. Say: “it’s done”. Say: “thank you very much”. cdj,ólysq jl¿yyflwfnsq ýná; jn (+ gen)

vacant, free tenth floor from

A new ab initio Russian course

rk.x(¿) jn dáituj yóvthf ,jkmiót cgfc¿,j / cgfc¿,j ,jkmiót

key(s) to your room thank you very much

123

Ñåäüìàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Writing Listen to the following extract from a Russian children’s poem and see how many masculine and feminine Instrumental forms you can recognize. Then read it through carefully and write the appropriate Nominative forms for them in the spaces provided. Finally, complete the partial translation below. V¡CNTH ND¡CNTH (C& Vfhiár) V¿cnth Nd¿cnth^ <Ïdibq vby¿cnh^ V¿cnth Nd¿cnth^ Vbkkbjyüh D[ólbn d ujcn¿ybwe «Fyuktnüh»» Lüh;bn dj hne Pjkjnå. cbuáhe B ujdjh¿n Gj-fyuk¿qcrb Idtqwáhe% - Tcnm kb D jnükt E dfc yjvthá$ Dfv ntktuhávve Gjckákb dxthá& - Tcnm^ - ujdjh¿n jy^Ldt róvyfns h§ljv C dáyyjq^ Ujcn¿yjq^ Ajynáyjv B cáljv& Gühdfz kücnybwf^ Nhünbq ýná;& Cküljv pf dávb Ljcnádzn ,fuá;& Djn pf idtqwáhjv Ghj[ólzn wtgóxrjq Nd¿cnth C ;tyóq^ J,tpm§yrjq B lóxrjq&

124

Twister

The ex-

The

Enters the hotel

He has in his mouth A golden

To the doorman

A

Was sent to you yesterday.

Two rooms next to each other

First staircase, Closely behind they will bring Your

The doorman

Is followed in file by

With a little monkey

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

- Ghjcn¿nt^ vyt yå;ty enøu& - {jhjió^ f rfróq e dfc yóvth róvyfns$ - Ldücnb nh¿lwfnm g§nsq&

enøu

jlt§kj

gjlåirf

gjkjnüywt

buókrf

y¿nrb

aty lkz djkóc

yó;ybws

Chapter 7

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Look at the following pictures of objects which you might need in your hotel room. Taking alternately the roles of guest and receptionist, ask for each item in turn and give an appropriate reply based on the model below (Choose a different room number each time.)

In Chapter 6 you learned how to say ‘I need + verb’ - vyt yå;yj + verb. In this construction, the word yå;yj is an adverb, which doesn’t change. However, when you want to say that you need an object (I need + nom), the word ‘need’ - yå;ty (ye;yá^ ye;yó^ ye;yÏ) is a short adjective which agrees in gender and number with the following noun. The noun is always used in the Nominative case. vyt yå;ty ;ehyák (m sing) vyt ye;yá ry¿uf (f sing) vyt ye;yó hálbj (n sing) vyt ye;yÏ cbufhüns (pl)

I need a magazine I need a book I need a radio I need cigarettes

Note: when asking for an extra item (e.g. blanket, pillow etc.) use to/ jl¿y (jlyá^ jlyó^ jly¿); e.g. vyt ye;yá to/ jlyá gjlåirf - I need an extra pillow. The form jly¿ is used with plural-only nouns; e.g. vyt ye;yÏ to/ jly¿ yó;ybws - I need another pair of scissors. enøu jlt§kj gjlåirf gjkjnüywt buókrf

iron blanket pillow towel needle

A new ab initio Russian course

y¿nrb (pl) aty lkz djkóc yó;ybws (pl) to/ jl¿y (jlyá^ jlyó^ jly¿)

thread hair-drier pair of scissors extra, one more

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Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following extract from a hotel brochure.You will not understand everything, but you should be able to glean enough information to answer , in English, the questions below. (Note that the stress marks are not generally included in written Russian.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What types of room are available in the hotel? What specific facility is available in all rooms? What types of vehicles are available for hire? What communication services did you recognize? Is there a hair-dressing salon in the hotel? Is there a swimming pool in the hotel? How many restaurants does the hotel have? What is the gist of the final sentence?

Ãîñòèíèöà Ñîâåòñêàÿ Ãîñòèíèöà “Ñîâåòñêàÿ” - îòåëü âûñøåãî ðàçðÿäà. Ýòî ïåðâîå âûñîòíîå çäàíèå â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå. Ãîñòèíèöà ñîñòîèò èç òðåõ êîìôîðòàáåëüíûõ êîðïóñîâ â êîòîðûõ óþòíî ðàçìåñòèëèñü îäíîìåñòíûå, äâóõìåñòíûå íîìåðà è íîìåðà âûñøåé êàòåãîðèè. Âñå íîìåðà ïîäêëþ÷åíû ê ñèñòåìå ñïóòíèêîâîãî òåëåâèäåíèÿ. Ê óñëóãàì ïðîæèâàþùèõ â ãîñòèíèöå áîëüøîé âûáîð ñåðâèñíûõ óñëóã: ïðîêàò ëåãêîâîãî àâòîìîáèëÿ “Ìåðñåäåñ-500”, ìèêðîàâòîáóñà “Ìèöóáèñè”, ïëàòíàÿ àâòîñòîÿíêà, îòäåëåíèå “Âíåøýêîíîìáàíêà”, ïî÷òà, êàìåðà õðàíåíèÿ, êàññà “Àýðîôëîòà”, êèîñêè “Ñîþçïå÷àòü”, “Ñóâåíèðû”, “Îïòèêà”. Èìåþòñÿ êîììóíèêàöèîííûå óñëóãè: òåëåêñ, òåëåôàêñ, äîñòóï ê Internet, êñåðîêñ.  ãîñòèíèöå ðàáîòàþò: ñàëîí-ïàðèêìàõåðñêàÿ è êîñìåòè÷åñêèé êàáèíåò, áàíÿ, ñàóíà, ïóíêò ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè. Ïðîáëåìó ïèòàíèÿ ìîãóò ðåøèòü: òðè ðåñòîðàíà, ãðèëü-áàð, êàôåòåðèé, áóôåòû, ðàñïîëîæåííûå íà 6, 9, 12, 15 ýòàæàõ âûñîòíîãî êîðïóñà. Ðàäû âèäåòü Âàñ íàøèìè ãîñòÿìè! Æåëàåì Âàì ïðèÿòíîãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ â ãîñòèíèöå “Ñîâåòñêàÿ”!

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Fyukbxáyby Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyby Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyby Fyukbxáyrf

-

Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyrf Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyby Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyrf Flvbybcnhánjh Fyukbxáyby -

Plhádcndeqnt^ vs [jn¿v pfrfpánm yóvth c låitv& Ló,hsq ltym^ jnrålf ds$ Vs bp šyukbb& Ds [jhjió ujdjh¿nt gj-håccrb& Vj§ ;tyá ujdjh¿n kåxit vty§& ¢nj yt ghádlf^ G¿nth& Z ujdjhø gkó[j& Ns ujdjh¿im ,scnhüt& Vs xácnj ujdjh¿v gj-håccrb c ghtgjlfdántktv& Fyukbxáyt j,Ïxyj ujdjh§n nókmrj gj-fyuk¿qcrb& Yfi csy <ó,,b ujdjh¿n cdj,ólyj gj-ahfywåpcrb& Ds vjkjlwÏ! Nfr^ ds [jn¿nt yóvth c låitv& Yf crókmrj lytq ds [jn¿nt pfrfpánm yóvth$ Yf xtnÏht lyz& {jhjió& E yfc tcnm jnk¿xysq yóvth c låitv yf dnjhóv ýnf;ü& Yóvth - 254-sq& F ntktd¿pjh tcnm$ Rjyüxyj^ tcnm& {jhjió&

Chapter 7

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following text and translate it into English (with the help of the vocabulary at the foot of the page).

After all the preliminaries have been completed

Flvbybcnhánjh - Djn dfi rk.x& Fyukbxáyrf - Cgfc¿,j& Flvbybcnhánjh - Gj;ákeqcnf&

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing If you have been especially observant, you may have noticed that the text above contains all six forms of the type II (or second conjugation) verb ujdjh¿nm (to speak, say, tell). Using the text to help you, try to complete the table below. (You can check your answers in the Grammar section.) z ujdjh___ ns ujdjh___ jy#f ujdjh___ vs ujdjh___ ds ujdjh___ jy¿ ujdjh___

fyukbxáyby#fyukbxáyrf fyukbxáyt jnrålf ds$ bp šyukbb ujdjh¿nm (II) kåxit vty§ ,scnhüt xácnj

A new ab initio Russian course

Englishman/woman the English where are you from? from England to speak, say, tell better than me quicker, more quickly often

I speak you speak he/she speaks we speak you speak they speak

c ghtgjlfdántktv j,Ïxyj nókmrj ujdjh¿nm (II) gj-fyuk¿qcrb cdj,ólyj ujdjh¿nm (II) gj-ahfywåpcrb ds vjkjlwÏ! jnk¿xysq

with the teacher usually only to speak English fluently to speak French well done! excellent

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GRAMMAR ORDINAL NUMERALS (1 - 100)

Apart from gühdsq (first) and dnjhóq (second) all ordinal numbers derive from their respective cardinal numbers (see Chapter 2). They are as follows: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th

gühdsq dnjhóq nhünbq xtnd/hnsq g§nsq itcnóq ctlmvóq djcmvóq ltd§nsq ltc§nsq jl¿yyflw fnsq ldtyálwfnsq nhbyálwfnsq xtnÏhyflwfnsq gznyálwfnsq itcnyálwfnsq ctvyálwfnsq djctvyálwfnsq ltdznyálwfnsq

20th 21st 22nd 30th 31st 40th 41st 50th 51st 60th 61st 70th 71st 80th 81st 90th 91st 100th 101st

ldflwánsq ldálwfnm gühdsq ldálwfnm dnjhóq nhblwánsq nh¿lwfnm gühdsq c j h j rjd ó q cóhjr gühdsq gznbltc§nsq gznmltc§n gühdsq itcnbltc§nsq itcnmltc§n gühdsq ctvbltc§nsq cüvmltczn gühdsq djcmvbltc§nsq dóctvmltczn gühdsq ltdzyócnsq ltdzyócnj gühdsq cónsq cnj gühdsq

Ordinal numbers decline like hard adjectives with the endings -ûé/-îé, except for nhtnbq which has irregular endings (which should be learned by heart). Like adjectives, ordinal numbers agree in gender, case and number with the noun they qualify: Hard:

Irregular:

Nom gühdûé yóvth gühdàÿ ry¿uf gühdîå gbcmvó

Prep d gühdîì yóvthå d gühdîé ry¿ut d gühdîì gbcmvü

nhünèé ljv nhünüÿ róvyfnf nhünüå jryó

d nhünmtv lóvå d nhünüåé róvyfnå d nhünüåì jryü

Ordinal numbers from 50th to 80th have central -è- which appears in place of the central -üin cardinal numbers: cardinal gznültc§n

ordinal gznèltc§nsq

In compound numbers only the final component has the form of an ordinal number and is declined: itcnmltc§n xtnd/hnsq yóvth - d itcnmltc§n xtnd/hnjv yóvtht& Note: Russian ordinal numbers are used with house/room numbers, pages, chapters, channels etc. where cardinals are used in English: ctlmvóq njv gj xtnd/hnjq ghjuhávvt yf gznyálwfnjq cnhfy¿wt 128

volume seven on channel four on page fifteen S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1& 2& 3& 4& 5&

3 htcnjháyf^ uhbkm-,fh^ rfatnühbq b ,eaüns hfcgjkó;tys yf 6 ýnf;ü^ 9 ýnf;ü^ 12 ýnf;ü b yf 15 ýnf;ü ujcnbybws& Rjyathüyw-pfk yf[ólbncz d 50 róvyfnt yf 1 ýnf;ü& D 8 xfcód ,eltn bynthücysq abkmv gj 3 ghjuhávvt& Cthuüq Gtnhódbx ctqxác ;bd/n d 65 rdfhn¿ht yf 17 ýnf;ü^ yj jy [óxtn reg¿nm 10 rdfhn¿he yf 3 ýnf;ü& 13 pfláybt yf[ólbncz yf 11 cnhfy¿wt&

Chapter 7

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Replace the figures with words in the appropriate forms in the sentences below.

HOW TO SAY ‘THERE IS/ARE (NOT)’ In Chapter 5 you learnt the word tcnm with the meaning of ‘have’ in such constructions as e vty§ tcnm &&& - I have ... The word tcnm (+ Nominative) is also used to express ‘there is/are’. Remember: when translating sentences such as‘‘there is a bank in this street’, the English word order is different to the Russian: yf ¢njq åkbwt tcnm ,fyr - there is a bank in this street yf ¢njq åkbwt tcnm 2 ,áyrf - there are 2 banks in this street Note: the same word order applies to questions; e.g. yf ¢njq åkbwt tcnm ,fyr$ - is there a bank in this street? The opposite of tcnm (‘there is / are’) is ytn (‘there isn’t / aren’t’). Ytn is always followed by the Genitive

case:

yf ¢njq åkbwt ytn ,áyrf - there isn’t a bank in this street

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following sentences into Russian. 1. There is a hairdresser in this hotel.

_______________________________

2. There are restaurants and bars in this street. _______________________________ 3. There is no telephone in this room.

_______________________________

4. There are 4 bars and 2 restaurants on the ground floor.

_______________________________ _______________________________

5. Is there any milk in the bottle?

_______________________________

6. Are there any roubles on the table?

_______________________________

7. I have 250 pounds.

_______________________________

8. Do you have any apples?

_______________________________

9. Are there any lemons in the fridge?

_______________________________

10. There are 4 lemons and a bottle of wine in the fridge.

_______________________________ _______________________________

A new ab initio Russian course

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THE DECLENSION OF TITLES

If the names of hotels or titles of books, magazines, newspapers, films etc. are quoted, they are declined unless preceded by the words ujcn¿ybwf^ ry¿uf^ ;ehyák^ ufpünf^ abkmv etc. (which themselves are declined instead). Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Pairwork. Read the following dialogues putting each title given in brackets into the appropriate case. 1& -

Xnj ds lükftnt ctuólyz düxthjv$ Vs bl/v yf ,fkün («Otkråyxbr»), f ds$ F vs bl/v yf («Xáqrf»)&

3& -

Crf;¿nt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ e dfc tcnm («Rhjrjl¿k»)$ Ytn^ r cj;fküyb.^ («Rhjrjl¿k») ytn& F («Yódsq vbh») tcnm$ Lf^ tcnm&

-

« Otkråyxbr » « Rhjrjl¿k » « Xáqrf » « Yódsq vbh » « Jnükkj »

2& 4& -

Xnj ns xbnátim$

(«Djqyá b vbh»)&

F xnj ns xbnátim$ F z xbná. («Jnükkj»)& Ds ;bd/nt d ujcn¿ybwt («Tdhógf»)$ Lf^ z ;bdå d («Tdhógf»), f ds$ F z ;bdå d («Vtnhjgókm»)&

The Nutcracker (ballet by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, written in 1892) Crocodile (popular satirical magazine) The Seagull (play by Anton Chekhov, written in 1896) Novyi mir (monthly literary magazine) Othello

THE ACCUSATIVE CASE TO EXPRESS DURATION OF TIME The Accusative case without a preposition is used in Russian to express the length of time that an action lasts in constructions such as ‘to read for an hour; to stay for a week’ etc.: xbnánm ;bnm

xfc (jlyå) ytlük. vüczw u jl

to read to stay

for an hour for a week for a month for a year

If a numeral is involved; e.g. ‘for 2 hours; 4 weeks’ etc. the numeral takes the Accusative case and the subsequent noun takes the Genitive (see Capter 5): xbnánm ;bnm

2 (ldf), 3 (nhb), to read 4 (xtnÏht) xfcá 2 (ldt), 3 (nhb), to stay 4 (xtnÏht) ytlükb^ vbyåns 2 (ldf), 3 (nhb), 4 (xtnÏht) vüczwf 2 (ldf)^ 3 (nhb)^ 4 (xtnÏht) uólf

for 2, 3, 4 hours for 2, 3, 4 weeks, minutes for 2, 3, 4 months for 2, 3, 4 years

As you have already learned, nouns used with numbers 5 and above take the Genitive plural. You do not need to know all the plural endings of the Genitive case at this stage. However, the following phrases are frequently used and should be learned by heart: 5 5 5 5 5 130

... xfcód ... vbyån ... ytlükm ... vüczwtd ... ktn

for 5 ... hours for 5 ... minutes for 5 ... weeks for 5 ... months for 5 ... years S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE IRREGULAR VERB ‘TO WANT’ - ÕÎÒöÒÜ

Singular (First conjugation) z ns jy/jyá/jyó

[jxå [óxtim [óxtn

Plural (Second conjugation) I you he/she/it

want want wants

vs ds jy¿

[jn¿v [jn¿nt [jn§n

we want you want they want

Chapter 7

This verb combines the personal endings of 1st and 2nd conjugations and doesn’t conform to any of the patterns of regular verbs.

Note: the verb [jnünm is generally used with an infinitive of another verb; e.g. z [jxå ckåifnm hálbj - I want to listen to the radio. If [jnünm is followed by a noun, the noun should be used in the Accusative case; e.g. Dühf [óxtn róvyfne c låitv - Vera wants a room with shower. However, if the noun denotes food or drinks it is normally used in the Genitive case (which is expressed in English by some); e.g. z [jxå vjkjrá/[kü,f - I want some milk/bread.

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíîå Reading /Writing Complete the sentences given below.

1.

Z ([jnünm) reg¿nm ...

2&

¡ujhm b Vfh¿yf ([jnünm) cvjnhünm ..., f ,á,eirf ([jnünm) ckåifnm ...

3&

Vs ([jnünm) ...

4&

- Ns ([jnünm) ...$ - Ytn^ z ([jnünm) ...

5&

- Ds ([jnünm) ...$ - Lf^ ([jnünm)

A new ab initio Russian course

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THE TYPE II VERB ‘TO SPEAK, TELL, SAY’ - ÃÎÂÎÐÈÒÜ Type II (or second conjugation) verbs follow the pattern of ujdjh¿nm below: z ujdjhø ns ujdjh¿im jy/jyá/jyó ujdjh¿n

I you he/she

speak speak speaks

vs ds jy¿

we you they

ujdjh¿v ujdjh¿nt ujdjh§n

speak speak speak

Note: some type II verbs have different endings in the infinitive than -èòü; e.g. cjlth;ánm (to contain), ghbyflkt;ánm (to belong), d¿ltnm (to see), cvjnhünm (to watch), cnj§nm (to stand). If the stem of a class II verb ends in certain consonants, the verb usually mutates in the first person singular, as follows: ä > æ, ç > æ, c > ø, ò > ÷, ñò > ù; e.g. gkfn¿nm (to pay): z gkfxå^ ns gkánbim^ jy/á gkánbn^ vs gkánbv^ ds gkánbnt^ jy¿ gkánzn& If the stem is a sibilant (æ, ÷, ø or ù), the third person plural changes from -ÿò to -àò&

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Conjugate the following type II verbs in full. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12& 13& 14& 15& 16&

cvjnhünm (to watch) dfh¿nm (to boil) dühbnm (to believe) cjlth;ánm (to contain) ghbyflkt;ánm (to belong) d¿ltnm (to see) cnj§nm (to stand) [dfk¿nm (to praise) [jl¿nm (to go)* djp¿nm (to convey) * ghjc¿nm (to ask, request) * ien¿nm (to joke)* gecn¿nm (to let go)* ckÏifnm (to hear)** lth;ánm (to hold)** cnexánm (to knock) **

* Remember the rule about the mutation in the first person singular. **Remember the rule about the change in the third person plural after sibilants.

INSTRUMENTAL CASE (WITH PREPOSITION ‘C’) The preposition c (with) takes what is called the Instrumental case. The main meaning of ñ is ‘with’/ ‘(together) with’, ‘accompanied by’: yóvth z [jxå ,snm vákmxbr

c ntktaóyjv c ctcnhóq c ,hánjv

a room with a telephone I want to be with my sister a boy with his brother

The ending of the Instrumental singular of nouns are: Nom (hard/soft) Instr (hard) Instr (soft) 132

m ljv/gjhnaükm c lóvîì c gjhnaükåì

f vávf/n/nz c vávîé c n/nåé

n gbcmvó/vóht c gbcmvóì c vóhåì S azov (Russian from Scratch )

z ns jy jyá jyó

cj vyóq c nj,óq c ybv c ytq c ybv

with me with you with him with her with it

vs ds jy¿ rnj xnj

c c c c c

yávb dávb y¿vb rtv xtv

with us with you with them with whom with what

Chapter 7

THE INSTRUMENTAL OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Note: in phrases such as ‘you and I’; ‘mother and father’; ‘bread and butter’ etc., the preposition is translated into Russian as c: z c nj,óq (literally: ‘I with you’), vávf c gágjq^ [kt, c váckjv

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps using personal pronouns in appropriate forms. 1& ¢nj Vfh¿yf& Z hf,ónf. c __________ d ,áyrt& 2& Z ctqxác tle d vfufp¿y& Rnj [óxtn gjü[fnm cj __________$ 3& ¢nj Ybrjkáq Fynóyjdbx& Vjq gágf ültn c __________ d Vjcrdå& 4& Vj¿ ,á,eirf b lüleirf ;bdån d Rhsvå& Z xácnj hfpujdáhbdf. c ___________ gj ntktaóye& 5& Vs dctulá jnls[átv yf vóht& D ¢njv ujlå Jküu nó;t [óxtn jnls[ánm c ___________& 6& Ns bl/im uek§nm$ Z nó;t gjqlå c__________& 7& Ds ültnt d eybdthcbnün yf vfi¿yt$ Z [jnük ,s gjü[fnm c___________^ ückb vó;yj& HOW TO SAY ‘I NEED + (NOUN)’

When you want to say that you need an object (I need + noun), the word ‘need’ - yå;ty (ye;yá^ ye;yó^ ye;yÏ) is a short adjective which agrees in gender and number with the following noun. The noun is always used in the Nominative case. Personal pronouns in such constructions are always used in the Dative case. vyt vyt vyt vyt

yå;ty ónls[ (m sing) ye;yá d¿pf (f sing) ye;yó n/gkjt gfkmnó (n sing) ye;yÏ lüymub (pl)

I I I I

need a rest need a visa need a warm coat need money

Remember: when you ask for an extra item, you use to/ jl¿y (jlyá^ jlyó^ jly¿); e.g. vyt ye;yó to/ jlyó jlt§kj - I need an extra blanket& The form jly¿ is used with

plural-only nouns; e.g. vyt ye;yÏ to/ jly¿ jxr¿ - I need another pair of glasses.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the pictures below and say what each person needs based on the following model. Tq ye;yÏ jxr¿&

A new ab initio Russian course

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 8

Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER EIGHT - ÂÎÑÜÌÀß ÃËÀÂÀ RUSSIAN CUISINE - ÐÓÑÑÊÀß ÊÓÕÍß In Chapter Eight you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to read a Russian menu to order a meal to express a preference to ask for a bill

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

the instrumental singular of adjectives the instrumental plural of nouns the instrumental case of function (without a preposition) the verbs ‘to eat’ (åñòü) and ‘to drink’ (ïèòü)

The Russian system of naming meals is both simple and universal. The three main meals of the day are: pádnhfr (breakfast), j,ül (lunch) and å;by (supper); lunch being taken between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. On special occasions, such as birthdays, anniversaries etc. and especially when guests are invited, j,ül - the main meal of the day - can be moved to the evening. pádnhfr

j,ül

å;by

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Look at the pictures above, then ask your partner what is being served for breakfast, lunch and supper. Use the following model as a guide: - Xnj ctuólyz yf pádnhfr$ - Ctuólyz yf pádnhfr [kt, b róat& Note: the English word order is different from Russian; e.g. xnj ctuólyz yf pádnhfr$ - what is for breakfast today? pádnhfr j,ül å;by yf pádnhfr yf j,ül

136

breakfast dinner supper for breakfast for dinner

yf å;by råhbwf ;áhtyfz hÏ,f gjvblóh wdtnyáz rfgåcnf

for supper chicken fried fish tomato cauliflower S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The Russian breakfast tends to be a major meal which can comprise porridge, sausage, cold meat, eggs and cheese as well as the usual bread, butter, jam etc. with coffee or tea. You can choose as much or as little as your appetite dictates. To follow the conversation you will need to understand: z [jnükf ,s pfrfpánm ... (I would like to order ...), róat cj ck¿drfvb (coffee with cream), jy¿ e yfc óxtym dråcyst b cdü;bt^ nókmrj xnj bcgtrk¿ (we have very tasty and fresh ones, just baked).

Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf Uj cnm Jabwbáynrf

Chapter 8

Activity Two - Dnjhjt pflfybt Listening/Reading Listen twice to the following telephone conversation between a hotel guest and room service and find out what the guest has ordered for breakfast. T ick what she ordered in the table below the dialogue.

- Ló,hjt ånhj^ z [jnükf ,s pfrfpánm pádnhfr d yóvth& - Ló,hjt ånhj^ xnj ds [jn¿nt yf pádnhfr$ - Fgtkmc¿yjdsq cjr^ gj;ákeqcnf^ gjnóv z¿xybwe^ ndóhju b róat& - {jhjió& Ds [jn¿nt ndóhju c cá[fhjv ¿kb c dfhüymtv$ - C dfhüymtv^ gj;ákeqcnf& - F róat c vjkjróv ¿kb cj ck¿drfvb$ - C vjkjróv& - Vjkjró ujh§xtt ¿kb [jkólyjt$ - {jkólyjt^ gj;ákeqcnf& - Ds yt [jn¿nt pfrfpánm ,åkjxrb ¿kb hjuákbrb r róat$ Jy¿ e yfc óxtym dråcyst b cdü;bt^ nókmrj xnj bcgtrk¿& - Z óxtym k.,kø hjuákbrb& Jl¿y hjuákbr^ gj;ákeqcnf& - {jhjió& Gjdnjh§. dfi pfráp% fgtkmc¿yjdsq cjr^ z¿xybwf^ ndóhju c dfhüymtv^ jl¿y hjuákbr b róat c [jkólysv* vjkjróv& - Lf^ cgfc¿,j& - Gj;ákeqcnf& Breakfast order orange juice coffee with cream coffee with hot milk coffee with cold milk fried eggs cottage cheese with sugar cottage cheese with jam buns croissants

* The adjective [jkólysq is used in the Instrumental case. The Instrumental singular of adjectives is very simple to form. For masculine and neuter adjectives just remove the Nominative ending -ûé/-îå and add the ending -ûì. If the stem of an adjective ends with ã, ê, õ, æ, ÷, ù, ù, then remove -èé/-åå and add -èì: [jkólysq cjr [jkólyjt vjkjró

c [jkólysv córjv c [jkólysv vjkjróv

ujh§xbq xfq ujh§xtt vjkjró

For feminine adjectives remove -àÿ (or soft -ÿÿ) and add -îé (or soft -åé): [jkólyfz djlá c [jkólyjq djlóq c¿yzz cåvrf jabwbáynrf fgtkmc¿yjdsq cjr z¿xybwf ndóhju (ndjhóu) dfhüymt ujh§xbq

waitress orange juice fried egg(s) cottage cheese jam hot

A new ab initio Russian course

[jkólysq ,åkjxrf hjuákbr r róat gjdnjh§nm (I) pfráp

c ujh§xbv xátv c ujh§xbv vjkjróv

c c¿ytq cåvrjq cold bun croissant with coffee to repeat order

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Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. Using the breakfast menu below play the part of A and your partner the role of B, then reverse the roles. VTYâ PšDNHFRF 1& dfh/yst §qwf drhenå. 2& dfh/yst §qwf dcv§nre 3& jvkün 4& z¿xybwf 5& csh 6& cjc¿crb 7& jdc§yfz ráif 8& váyyfz ráif 9& h¿cjdfz ráif

10& jkálmb cj cvtnáyjq 11& ,k¿yxbrb c ndóhjujv 12& ndjhóu cj cvtnáyjq 13& ndjhóu c dfhüymtv 14& fgtkmc¿yjdsq cjr 15& fyfyácysq cjr 16& uhtqgahånjdsq cjr 17& róat c vjkjróv / cj ck¿drfvb 18& xfq c kbvóyjv/v/ljv

A (waiter/waitress)

B (guest)

Say good morning. Ask: “What would you like to order ?” Ask: “Would you like it hard or soft boiled?” Ask if the guest wants anything else. (Ds [jn¿nt to/ xnj-yb,ålm$) Ask if the guest wold like some tea or coffee.

Respond appropriately. Choose any fruit juice and an egg. Make your own choice. Say you would like some pancakes, but without cottage cheese. Order them with jam and soured cream. Say you would like some coffee with hot milk.

Say hello (formal). Ask if the guest would like some juice. Offer some tea or coffee. Ask if the guest would like anything else. Offer some drop-scones; say they are very tasty. Reply positively and repeat the whole order.

Give an appropriate reply (formal). Say you don’t want any juice. Order some tea with cold milk without sugar. Choose some sausage and porridge. Ask if you can order them without soured cream but with butter and pineapple jam. Confirm it and say thank you.

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Look at the pictures on the next page and ask your partner at what time people have their breakfast, lunch and supper. Then change roles and answer your partner questions about the time of your meals. You will need to remember the Russian for ‘to have breakfast/lunch/supper’, first introduced in Chapter Four, which are expressed by one word. Simply add -àòü to the noun for the meal in question: pádnhfr +fnm = pádnhfrfnm breakfast to have breakfast vtyø (n indeclinable) zqwó (pl §qwf) dfh/yjt zqwó drhenå. (adverb) dcv§nre (adverb) jvkün cjc¿crf ráif jdc§yfz ráif

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menu egg(s) boiled egg hard boiled soft boiled omelette frankfurter porridge oat porridge

j,ül lunch

+fnm = j,ülfnm to have lunch váyyfz ráif h¿cjdfz ráif jkálmz (pl jkálmb) jkálmb cj cvtnáyjq ,k¿y(xbr) fyfyácysq cjr uhtqgahånjdsq cjr v/l ,tp (+ gen)

å;by +fnm supper

= å;byfnm to have supper

semolina rice pudding drop-scone(s) drop-scones with soured cream pancake, small pancake pineapple juice grapefruit juice honey without S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 8

The Irregular verb ‘to eat’ - åñòü

This verb has very unusual singular endings. Learn the conjugation of this verb by heart:

TCNM

Singular z tv I eat ns tim you eat jy/jyá/jyó tcn he/she/it eats

Plural vs tl¿v ds tl¿nt jy¿ tl§n

we you they

eat eat eat

The verb åñòü is followed by the Accusative case: tcnm ceg/v§cj/hÏ,e& The verb ‘to drink’ - ïèòü

This verb has regular first conjugation endings. The only thing to remember is that you have to replace the -è- of the infinitive with -ü- in all personal forms:

GBNM

Singular z gm. I drink ns gm/im you drink jy/jyá/jyó gm/n he/she/it drinks

Plural vs gm/v ds gm/nt jy¿ gm.n

we you they

drink drink drink

The verb ïèòü is followed by the Accusative case: gbnm cjr/vjkjró/dóle& Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner what his/her family members usually eat and drink at breakfast time. Then reverse roles. Check the results with the rest of the group to discover the most popular breakfast food and drink. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. tcnm (irregular) gbnm (irregular) tcnm / gbnm yf pádnhfr njcn [kógmz (pl)

to eat to drink to eat / drink for breakfast toast flakes, cereals

A new ab initio Russian course

vøpkb (pl) rjycthd¿hjdfyyfz afcókm (f) ,tróy (ahernódsq) qóuehn l;tv

muesli baked beans bacon (fruit) yoghurt marmalade

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Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following extract from a book for young parents which gives advice on feeding a child. Answer the questions below in English. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. CJDöNS HJL¡NTKZV Ljhju¿t hjl¿ntkb^ tlá ht,/yrf ljk;yá ,snm dråcyjq b hfpyjj,hápyjq& Pádnhfr lók;ty drk.xánm d ct,§ ldálwfnm gznm/nh¿lwfnm ghjwüynjd cånjxyjuj hfwbóyf^ j,ül - nh¿lwfnm gznm/cóhjr ghjwüynjd b å;by - nh¿lwfnm/cóhjr ghjwüynjd& Yt ghbye;láqnt ht,/yrf tcnm^ ückb jy yt [óxtn& Yt hfphtiáqnt två hfpujdáhbdfnm^ xbnánm ry¿ue bkb cvjnhünm ntktd¿pjh dj dhüvz tlÏ& C itcn¿ ktn jy vó;tn tcnm pf ó,obv cnjkóv c hjl¿ntkzvb& Góvybnt% ckálrjt góhnbn fggtn¿n& Yt lfdáqnt ht,/yre ckáljcnb lj tlÏ& Ht,/yjr lók;ty tcnm xühtp nhb c gjkjd¿yjq - xtnÏht xfcá& 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What percentage of the daily ration is provided by dinner? What three activities are discouraged at meal times? At what age is it suggested that a child may eat with adults? How frequently should a child be fed? What problem is associated with eating sweets? How can this problem be overcome?

pádnhfr - 25%/30%% cånjxyjuj hfwbóyf

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Listening The following recording outlines a suitable breakfast menu for children. Listen to it twice and fill in the partially completed table below in English.

Food

Quantity

hard-bolied egg drop-scones with soured cream rice pudding

semolina cottage cheese with soured cream and jam

cjdün ljhjuóq hjl¿ntkb (pl only) ljk;yá (f) ,snm dråcy s q hfpyjj,hápy s q drk.xánm d ct,§

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advice dear parents should be tasty varied to contain

80 gm -----------

-----200 gm 200 gm 200 gm

ghjwüyn cånjxysq hfwbóy dj dhüvz (+ gen) ghbye;lánm (+ acc) ückb hfphtiánm (I) (+ dat) tlá (sing)

Drink

Quantity

fruit juice coffee with milk -----------

-----------

-----------

------

-----percent daily ration during to force if to allow meal(s)

200 gm 200 gm

-----góvybnm (II) ckálrbq góhnbnm (+ acc) ckáljcnm (f) lj (+ gen) nhb c gjkjd¿yjq góckt (+ gen)

to remember sweet to ruin, damage sweetmeat before three and a half after

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

([jkólyst / ujh§xbt) pfråcrb gühdst ,kølf dnjhÏt ,kølf ckálrbt ,kølf or ltcühn ,tpfkrjuókmyst / fkrjuókmyst yfg¿nrb

(cold / hot) starters first courses (usually various soups) main courses dessert non-alcoholic / alcoholic drinks

Chapter 8

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. As in Britain, the menu in Russia is usually divided into sections. Read the following menu and complete the dialogue on the right. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you.

Note: you will see some words with the endings -àìè (hard) /-ÿìè (soft). These are the Instrumental plurals of nouns: uhb, (mushroom) - c uhb,ávb; [kógmz - c [kógmzvb&

Vtyø

Lbfkóu

[jkólyst pfråcrb% 1& x/hyfz/rhácyfz brhá 2& cfkán c gjvblóhfvb b cvtnáyjq 3& jctnh¿yf c jdjoávb

Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn

ujh§xbt pfråcrb% 1& uhüyrb c dtnxbyóq^ cÏhjv b jdjoávb 2& uhb,Ï c kårjv gühdst ,kølf% 1& ,jho 2& ob 3& e[á 4& ,ekmóy c gbhj;rávb dnjhst ,kølf% 1& hócn,ba c ufhy¿hjv 2& ,tacnhóufyjd c h¿cjv 3& iy¿wtkm c rfhnóatkmysv g.hü 4& jctnh¿yf gfhjdáz 5& gáknec ;áhtysq ltcühn% 1& §,kjxysq gbhóu 2& vjhó;tyjt 3& dbiy/dsq rjvgón

Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm

fkrjuókmyst 1& dólrf 2& rjym§r 3& l;by 4& dühven 5& kbr/h

yfg¿nrb%

,t pfkrjuókmyst yfg¿nrb% 1& fgtkmc¿yjdsq/fyfyácysq cjr 2& rbcükm 3& rórf-rókf/gügcb-rókf 4& vbythákmyfz djlá 5& xfq 6& róat

A new ab initio Russian course

Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn

- Ló,hsq düxth& Ckåif. dfc& - Order some black caviar. - R cj;fküyb.^ brhÏ ytn& - Ask if they have any sturgeon. - Give an affirmative reply. - Order some sturgeon with vegetables. - Ds yt [jn¿nt pfrfpánm ujh§xbt pfråcrb$ - Ytn^ cgfc¿,j& - Ask what your partner would like to order for first course (yf gthdjt). - F xnj ds cjdünetnt pfrfpánm$ - Say that the clear soup is delicious and that the small turnovers are just baked. - Order the clear soup with turnovers. - F xnj ds [jn¿nt yf dnjhót$ - Say that you would like to order some meat. Ask what the waiter would advise you to order. - Say that all the dishes are fresh and tasty. - Make your own choice. - {jhjió& F xnj ds [jn¿nt yf ltcühn$ - Order some ice-cream. - Ask if your partner would like some tea or (other) drink. - Order some mineral water and an alcoholic drink of your choice. - Ask if your partner would like some tea or coffee. - Order some coffee without milk or sugar. - {jhjió^ gjdnjh§. dfi pfráp (repeat the order). - Lf^ cgfc¿,j& - Ghb§nyjuj fggtn¿nf&

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Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the menu from Activity Eight again. Choose one dish from each section for your friend. He/she doesn’t like meat, but likes fish, as well as fruit and vegetables. He/she is allergic to dairy products, citrus fruit and coffee and doesn’t drink vodka. Fill in the table below with the dishes of your choice in Russian. [jkólyst pfråcrb ujh§xbt pfråcrb gühdst ,kølf dnjhÏt ,kølf ltcühn ,tpfkrjuókmyst yfg¿nrb fkrjuókmyst yfg¿nrb

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Speaking Listen twice to the following extract about table manners from a book for young parents and see how many Instrumental forms of the noun you can recognize. Then read it through carefully and answer the questions below in Russian. Ljhju¿t hjl¿ntkb^ cktl¿nt pf ntv^ xnó,s ht,/yjr ghádbkmyj lth;ák kó;re% yt d rekfrü^ f nhtv§ gákmwfvb ghádjq her¿* yt tk kó;rjq nj^ xnj yálj tcnm d¿krjq& Ghbexáqnt ht,/yrf gókmpjdfnmcz yj;óv& Yálj lth;ánm yj; d ghádjq herü^ f d¿kre - d küdjq& Góckt tlÏ ht,/yjr lók;ty ghjgjkjcránm hjn djlóq& 1& 2& 3& 4&

Rfr yå;yj lth;ánm kó;re$ D rfróq herü yå;yj lth;ánm yj;$ D rfróq herü yå;yj lth;ánm d¿kre$ Xtv yå;yj ghjgjkjcránm hjn góckt tlÏ$

Note: you should have found five forms of the Instrumental case of the noun in this text. They are: gákmwàìè (pl), kó;rjq (f sing), d¿krjq (f sing), yj;óv (m sing), djlóé (f sing). As you can see, the Instrumental case in this text is used without a preposition. When it is used in this way, it indicates the ‘instrument’ by which an action is performed. This is often called the Instrumental of function; e.g. tcnm yj;óv b d¿krjq - to eat with a knife and fork. In English, this meaning is generally expressed by the preposition with + noun. sturgeon crouton ham mushroom ker onion(s) ,ekmóy clear soup gbhj;ór small pasty hócn,ba roast beef ufhy¿h garnish ,tacnhóufyjd beef stroganoff iy¿wtkm (m) breaded veal cutlet rfhnóatkmyjt mashed potatoes g.hü gfhjdóq steamed

jctnh¿yf uhüyrf dtnxby á uhb,

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gáknec ;áhtysq §,kjxysq gbhóu dbiy / dsq rjvgón rjym§r l;by dühven kbr /h rbcükm (m) cktl¿nt pf ntv^ xn ó,s ghádbkmyj lth;ánm (II) rekár

halibut fried apple pie cherry compote cognac gin vermouth liqueur fruit jelly make sure that correctly to hold fist

nhüvz gákmwfvb ghádsq herá kó;rf nj, xnj d¿krf ghbexánm gókmpjdfnmcz yj; yálj lth;ánm küdsq ghjgjkjcránm hjn (+ instr)

with three fingers right hand, arm spoon what, that which fork to teach to use knife one should hold left to rinse out one’s mouth (with)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ÿDJOB (C& Vb[fkród) Váv f jlyá;ls c ,fpáhf ghbiká^ Vávf c ,fpáhf ljvóq ghbytcká% R f h n ó i r e^ R f g å c n e^ V j h r ó d r e^ Uj h ó [ ^ Gtnhåire b cd/rke& J[!&& D jn ódjob cgjh pfd tk¿ yf cnjkü Rnj kåxit^ drecyüq b ye;yüq yf ptvkü%

One day , ,

Chapter 8

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading Listen twice to the following poem by the Russian children’s poet S. Mikhalkov and see if you can spot any nouns used in the Instrumental case of function. Then read it through carefully and complete the partial translation below.

came back from the market brought home from the market

Carrots, Peas, Parsley and beetroot. Aaah!.. And the began to argue Who is the best, the tastiest and the most useful in the world: Rfhnóirf$ ? Rfgåcnf$ ? Vjhródrf$ ? Uj h ó [ $ ? Gtnhåirf bkm cd/rkf$ or ? J[!&& Aaah!.. Vávf ntv dhüvtytv yó;br dpzká Meanwhile took a small knife B yó;brjv ýnbv rhji¿nm yfxfká% And with this knife began to chop: R f h n ó i r e^ , R f g å c n e^ , V j h r ó d r e^ , Uj h ó [ ^ , Gtnhåire b cd/rke& and . J[!&& Aaah!.. YfrhÏnst rhÏirjq d låiyjv ujhirü Packed tightly in the saucepan, covered with the lid Rbgükb^ rbgükb d rhenóv rbgznrü% Were boiling, boiling in the seething water: Rfhnóirf^ , Rfgåcnf^ , Vjhródrf^ , Uj h ó [ ^ , Gtnhåirf b cd/rkf& and . J[!&& Aaah!.. B ceg jdjoyóq jrfpákcz ytgkó[! And the vegetable was delicious!

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the model below, ask your partner which sorts of food and drink he/she prefers. - Xnj ns ,ókmit kø,bim - xfq bkb róat$ - What do you prefer, tea or coffee? - Z ,ókmit k.,kø xfq& - I prefer tea. Note: the verb k.,¿nm (to like, love) is followed by the Accusative case; e.g. z k.,kø v§cj/hÏ,e - I like meat/fish.

A new ab initio Russian course

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Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the following dialogue, stopping and recapping as often as you need, and fill in the gaps in Russian. Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáynn% Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn

-

Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn

-

Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm Gjctn¿ntkm Jabwbáyn Gjctn¿ntkm -

Ló,hsq düxth& Djn _______________& Ghjcn¿nt^ z byjcnháytw b gkó[j pyá. ______________ ____________& Xnj ds cjdünetnt ______________$ Yf _____________ cjdüne.____________ x/hye. _________& Brhá - yfcnj§obq håccrbq ltkbrfnüc& {jhjió^ jlyå góhwb. brhÏ c ____________ [kü,jv b ____________& Ds ____________ ceg$ Ytn^ cgfc¿,j& Z yt óxtym uókjlty& F xnj kåxit pfrfpánm yf ___________$ F xnj ds _____________ kø,bnt - hÏ,e ¿kb ____________$ Z _____________ _____________ hÏ,e& Njulá cjdüne. pfrfpánm ___________& Jyá óxtym ____________ b cdü;fz& {jhjió^ ___________ c dfh/yjq rfhnóirjq^ ___________ b __________& F xnj ds [jn¿nt ____________$ Jl¿y ,jrák ifvgáycrjuj b _______________ vbythákmyjq djlÏ& Yf ___________ cjdüne. pfrfpánm ___________ ¿kb ___________ ____________& Ytn^ cgfc¿,j^ z yt ___________ ckálrjt& Nókmrj róat^ ___________& Ds [jn¿nt x/hysq róat ¿kb c __________ $ C __________ ____________^ gj;ákeqcnf& (an hour later) Láqnt^ gj;ákeqcnf^ cx/n& Djn^ ____________ cx/n& Dc/ ,Ïkj óxtym dråcyj& _______________&

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Pairwork. Read the completed version of the dialogue from Activity Thirteen and answer the following questions in English. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

What dish, in the waiter’s opinion, is a real Russian delicacy? What does the customer order for starters? What main course does he choose? What is his choice for the side dish? What alcoholic drink does he choose? What is recommended by the waiter for dessert? Why does he decline his recommendation? What non-alcoholic drinks are ordered? Was the customer satisfied with the meal?

cjdünjdfnm (cjdüne.^ cjdünetim) yfcnj§obq ltkbrfnüc góhwbz z yt uókjlty/ujkjlyá

144

to advise real delicacy portion I am not hungry

kåxit dfh/ysq rfhnóirf ,jrák cx/n láqnt cx/n^ gj;ákeqcnf

better, best boiled potato tall wine glass bill could you bring the bill, please S azov (Russian from Scratch )

GRAMMAR Chapter 8

THE INSTRUMENTAL SINGULAR OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectival endings in the Instrumental singular are as follows: Masculine/Neuter: -ûì (hard),-èì (soft) Feminine: -îé (hard),-åé (soft)

m

hard f

yódsq yódfz

Nominative n

yódjt

m

c¿ybq

soft f

c¿yzz

n

c¿ytt

Instrumental hard soft m f n m f yód ûì yód îé yódûì c¿yèì c¿yåé

n

c¿yèì

End-stressed adjectives (e.g. ujke,óq - blue) in the Instrumental case decline like yódsq. Note: some adjectives whose stem ends with ã, ê, õ, æ, ÷, ù, ù appear to have a ‘mixed’ declension. For example, håccrbq looks like a soft adjective in the masculine Nominative/Instrumental singular and all plural forms. Remember the spelling rules: 1. è replaces û after ã, ê, õ, æ, ÷, ù, ù ; 2. unstressed î is replaced by å after æ, ÷, ù, ù (e.g. compare c ,jkmióé hÏ,jq and c [jhóiåé hÏ,jq).

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the nouns and adjectives in brackets into the Instrumental case. 1& Ctuólyz yf pádnhfr ráif cj (ck¿djxyjt váckj) ¿kb z¿xybwf c (;áhtyfz rjk,fcá)^ róat b nócns c (rke,y¿xyjt dfhüymt)& 2& Vávf dctulá hü;tn [kt, (,jkmióq yj;)^ f ahårns - (váktymrbq yj;)& 3& Z óxtym k.,kø ob cj (cdü;fz rfgåcnf)& 4& Vjz ctcnhá- dtutnfhbáyrf& Jyá yt tcn v§cj^ yj óxtym kø,bn ódjob c (hfcn¿ntkmyjt váckj)^ jdjoyÏt cegÏ b gbhó;yst c (ijrjkálysq rhtv)& 5&
A new ab initio Russian course

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Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà

THE IRREGULAR VERB ‘TO EAT’ - TCNM

This verb has unusual singular endings. In the plural forms an extra consonant -ä- appears which is absent from the infinitive and singular forms. z tv

I eat

vs tl¿v

we eat

ns tim

you eat

ds tl¿nt

you eat

jy/jyá/jyó tcn

he/she/it eats

jy¿ tl§n

they eat

THE VERB ‘TO DRINK’ - GBNM

This verb has regular first conjugation endings, but you have to remember to replace the -è- of the infinitive with -ü- in all personal endings. z gm.

I drink

vs gm/v

we drink

ns gm/im

you drink

ds gm/nt

you drink

jy/jyá/jyó gm/n

he/she/it drinks

jy¿ gm.n

they drink

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the tape twice and fill in the gaps in Russian. D Hjcc¿b^ rfr b d šyukbb^ óxtym kø,zn ___________&xfq& Fyukbxáyt j,Ïxyj& ___________&xfq c vjkjróv b ,tp cá[fhf& F håccrbt ___________&xfq ,tp vjkjrá^ xácnj c cá[fhjv b kbvóyjv& R xá. j,Ïxyj gjlføn ckálrjt% dfhüymt^ v/l^ gbhju¿^ rjyaüns b gtxüymt& Dfhüymt b v/l ___________&c [kü,jv ¿kb gtxüymtv^ f byjulá ghócnj rkflån d xfq&
Rfr gm.n xfq d šyukbb$ Rfr kø,zn gbnm xfq håccrbt$ Xnj j,Ïxyj gjlføn r xá. d Hjcc¿b$ Rjulá håccrbt kø,zn gbnm xfq b gjxtvå$

byjulá ghócnj rkflån cgjróqyj gjcblünm

146

sometimes simply put to sit quietly

gjujdjh¿nm (II) ljgjplyá jly¿v ckódjv (gj-)xf/dybxfnm (I)

to talk till late in a word to have tea

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The Instrumental plural of nouns is very simple. Irrespective of gender, the endings are -àìè (for nouns with a hard stem - ending with a consonant, -à or -î) and -ÿìè (for nouns with a soft stem - ending with -ü-, -ÿ-, -å- and -é-). Gender Nom sing Instr pl

hard m yj; yj;ávb

f kó;rf kó;rfvb

n dbyó d¿yfvb

soft

m rbcükm rbctk§vb

f d¿iyz d¿iyzvb

Chapter 8

THE INSTRUMENTAL PLURAL OF NOUNS

n dfhüymt dfhüymzvb

Note: those nouns which have -üÿ in the Nominative plural (cnåkmz^ csyjdm§^ ,hánmz) have -üÿìè in the Instrumental plural ([kógmzvb^ cnåkmzvb^ csyjdm§vb^ ,hánmzvb). A few feminine nouns have ending -üìè instead of -ÿìè& At this stage you need to remember only three of them: ljxm - ljxthmv¿^ kølb (people) - k.lmv¿^ ltnb (children) - ltnmv¿.

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions. The first question is already answered for you as an example.

1& C xtv ¢njn ceg$

¢njn ceg c gjvblóhfvb&

gjvblóhs

2& C xtv ¢nb gbhj;r¿$

§,kjrb 3& C xtv ¢nj vjkjró$

[kógmz 4& C rtv vávf pádnhfrftn$

lóxthb b csyjdm§

A new ab initio Russian course

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Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà

THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE OF FUNCTION (WITHOUT A PREPOSITION)

The Instrumental case without a preposition is generally used to indicate the instrument with which an action is perfomed. In English this meaning is expressed by the preposition ‘with’ + noun: to write with a pen/pencil - gbcánm håxrjq/rfhfylfióv. Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read and translate the following Russian recipe for coffee cream. Underline all adjectives and nouns used in the Instrumental case. Can you distinguish which of them express the meaning of function? Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Êîôüéíûé êðåì Lthtd§yyjq kó;rjq hfcnthünm z¿xyst ;tknr¿ c cá[fhjv b dfybk¿yjv& Dcrbgzn¿nm ck¿drb b lj,ádbnm yf,å[ibq d róat ;tkfn¿y& Gjcntgüyyj dvtiánm d¿krjq ujh§xbt ck¿drb d z¿xye. vácce b gjlth;ánm yf djlzyóq ,áyt& Cvápfnm jk¿drjdsv ¿kb hfcn¿ntkmysv váckjv váktymrbt aóhvjxrb^ hfpkj;¿nm d yb[ rhtv b gjcnádbnm d [jkjl¿kmybr yf xfc& Jghjr¿yenm aóhvjxrb c rhüvjv yf nfhükre& Erhácbnm rhtv ahårnfvb^ ijrjkáljv^ dp,¿nsvb ck¿drfvb& Gjlfdánm yf ltcühn c xátv ¿kb róat& Note: all verbs in the text act as command forms (‘you should ...’); e.g. hfcnthtnm - (you should) whisk.

case.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the sentences below, putting the missing words in the appropriate

1& Vs tl¿v [kógmz

2& V§cj tl§n

3& Yf Págflt kølb tl§n f d ¡ylbb xácnj tl§n

lthtd§yysq hfcnthünm z¿xysq ;tknór dfybk¿y dcrbgzn¿nm (II) lj,ádbnm (II) yf,å[ibq ;tkfn¿y gjcntgüyyj dvtiánm

148

wooden to whisk egg yolk vanilla to boil to add dissolved gelatin gradually fold in

váccf gjlth;ánm (II) djlzyáz ,áyz cvápfnm jk¿drjdsq hfcn¿ntkmysq aóhvjxrf hfpkj;¿nm (II)

mass to hold bain-marie to grease olive vegetable mould to spoon

gjcnádbnm (II) jghjr¿yenm nfhükrf erhácbnm (II) dp,¿nst ck¿drb gjlfdánm págfl ¡ylbz

to put to turn out plate to decorate whipped cream to serve west India

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

There are two different ways to express preference in Russian. In Chapter 6 you learned how to say ‘I like’ - vyt yhádbncz. In this chapter you came across one more verb which usually expresses a greater degree of preference: to love - k.,¿nm. As in English, these verbs are often interchangeable, but you must remember that in Russian the two grammatical constructions are different:

Chapter 8

HOW TO EXPRESS PREFERENCE

vyt yhádbncz hÏ,f (I like fish) z k.,kø hÏ,e (I love fish) dat + verb + nom nom + verb + acc

To say that you prefer something simply add ,ókmit (more) before the verb: vyt ,ókmit yhádbncz hÏ,f= z ,ókmit k.,kø hÏ,e

(I prefer fish)

If you want to express an alternative add xtv + noun in Nominative case: vyt ,ókmit yhádbncz róat^ xtv xfq = z ,ókmit k.,kø róat^ xtv xfq (I prefer coffee to tea) Note: there is an actual verb ‘to prefer’ in Russian, namely ghtlgjxbnánm (I). This is usually found in dictionaries as a direct translation of the English verb, but it is rarely used colloquially. Nevertheless, if you choose to use it, remember that it is fairly formal and generally used when expressing an alternative:

z ghtlgjxbná. róat (acc) xá. (dat)

(I prefer coffee to tea )

THE VERB ‘TO LOVE’ - ËÞÁ¡ÒÜ

This verb is of the same type as the verb ujdjh¿nm (type II; see Chapter Seven). However, note: 1. an -k- in the first person singular only: ,/,k - k.,¿nm/k.,kø 2. mobile stress: infinitive and first person singular - last syllable stressed; other forms - penultimate syllable stressed: k.,¿nm - k.,kø^ kø,bim etc. z k.,kø ns kø,bim

I love

you love

jy/jyá/jyó kø,bn he/she/it loves

vs kø,bv ds kø,bnt jy¿ kø,zn

we love

you love

they love

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening On the tape a mother is describing her family’s preferences for various foods and drinks. Although you might not understand everything, you should be able to pick out the preferences of the different members of the family. Listen to the recording twice and indicate in the table on the next page these preferences. The first one is done for you as an example. You will need to know the Russian for ‘(they) can’t stand’ - nthgünm yt vjuån and for ‘(they) adore’ - j,j;á.n.

A new ab initio Russian course

149

Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà

150

food and drinks v§cj råhbwf ,tacnhóufyjd hócn,ba hÏ,f ahårns cjr §,kjrb ,fyáys d¿iyÿ (cherries) dbyjuhál (grapes) fgtkmc¿ys gjvblóhs ker vjhródrf cd/rkf ijrjkál dfhüymt róat xfq vjkjró

vfnm ü

ü

ü

ljxm û û û û û

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

---------

û

jnüw ü

-----

û ü

csy û û û û

û ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

û

û

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 9

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER NINE - ÄÅÂßÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ NOW AND THEN - ÒÅÏÅÐÜ È ÐÀÍÜØÅ In Chapter Nine you will learn how to do the following: 1. to talk about past events 2. to say when things happened 3. to ask about things and reply in the past (affirmative and negative) You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

the past tense of regular verbs the instrumental case after the verbs áûòü^ ñòàòü^ ðàáóòàòü the reflexive verbs (present and past tense) dates (years - â 2003 ãîäå)

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading /Listening Look at the photographs and read text A, then read and listen to text < and answer the questions after the texts.þ

F ¢nj Dkfl¿vbh Bdáyjdbx
< D vókjljcnb Dkfl¿vbh Bdáyjdbx ;bk d C f y r n Gtnth,åhut& Jy [jnük ex¿nmcz d eybdthcbnünt^ yj cnfk cjklánjv^ gjnjvå xnj ¢nj ,sk 1941 ujl& ¢ njn ujl - yfxákj dnjhóq vbhjdóq djqyÏ* d Hjcc¿b& Góckt djqyÏ jy gjcneg¿k d Vjcródcrbq eybdthcbnün yf vtlbw¿ycrbq afrekmnün& Góckt eybdthcbnünf jy hf,ónfk dhfxóv d lüncrjq ,jkmy¿wt&

* In Russian the Second World War is usually called Dtk¿rfz Jnüxtcndtyyfz djqyá (the Great Patriotic War).

güycbz dyer/dyåxrf dcgjvbyánm (I) ghóikjt (n) vókjljcnm (f)

152

pension grandson/granddaughter to remember the past youth

yfxákj beginning dnjház vbhjdáz djqyá World War II góckt (+ gen) after cnfnm (+ instr) to become cjklán soldier

gjcneg¿nm (II) vtlbw¿ycrbq afrekmnün lüncrbq ,jkmy¿wf

to enrol medical faculty children’s hospital

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Which text is about the present and which one is about the past? Find an example of the past tense of the verb [jnünm& What is the last letter of this verb in the past tense? What is the last letter of the other verbs in text
Chapter 9

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

To form the masculine past tense remove ___ from the infinitive and replace it with ___. Note: in order to form the feminine, neuter and plural past tense add -à, -î or -è respectively to the masculine past tense. xbnánm (infinitive)

xbnák (past m)

xbnákf (past f)

xbnákj (past n)

xbnákb (past pl)

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Read text D and fill in the gaps choosing the appropriate verb from the box below. Use the past tense in each case. Listen to the tape to check your answers. dcnhünbnm pf,jkünm

k.,¿nm cnfnm

,snm ;bnm

crexánm ghj;¿nm

reg¿nm üplbnm

D D ,jkmy¿wt jy cdjø ,åleoe. ;tyå& Jyá vtlctcnhóq& Jy¿ óxtym lheu lhåuf b dvücnt 35 ktn& 5 ktn yfpál jyá b evthká& Dkfl¿vbh Bdáyjdbx lókuj jl¿y^ yj ytládyj jy cj,áre b ntgühm två yt nfr jlbyórj& D bøyt Dkfl¿vbh Bdáyjdbx d Gtnth,åhu b e cÏyf^ f cj,árf d Vjcrdü c cjcülzvb& Jy¿ óxtym lheu gj lhåue&

dcnhünbnm (II) cdjq ,åleofz ;tyá k.,¿nm (II) lheu lhåuf ghj;¿nm dvücnt 5 ktn yfpál pf,jkünm evthká (f) A new ab initio Russian course

to meet one’s (own) future wife to love each other to stay together 5 years ago to fall ill died

lókuj ytládyj två yt nfr jlbyórj üplbnm (II) ujcn¿nm (II) e (+ gen) cjcül/cjcülrf (f) crexánm (I) lheu gj lhåue

for a long time recently he is not so lonely to go (by transport) to stay with neighbour to miss each other

153

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete the sentences below matching a part of the sentence from column A with a part from column Á. Put the verbs in column Á into the past tense. A 1& Góckt djqyÏ &&& 2& Z cnfk cjklánjv d 1941 ujlå^ &&& 3& Ctqxác z ;bdå d Vjcrdü^ &&& 4& Z dcnhünbk cdjø ,åleoe. ;tyå d ,jkmy¿wt^ &&& 5& Vs óxtym k.,¿kb lheu lhåuf b &&& 6& Vj¿ csy b dyer ;bdån d Gtnth,åhut^ &&&

Á vs ____________ (ghj;¿nm) dvücnt 25 ktn& jyá ____________ (hf,ónfnm) vtlctcnhóq& z ____________ (gjcneg¿nm) d eybdthcbnün& gjnjvå xnj ýnjn ujl ____________ (,snm) uóljv yfxákf djqyÏ d Hjcc¿b& ytládyj z ____________ (üplbnm) r ybv& yj lj djqyÏ z ____________ (;bnm) d Cfyrn-Gtnth,åhut&

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask and answer questions using the phrase Rjulá ns d gjckülybq hfp &&&$ - When did you last ...?, plus a follow-up question each time. Make a note of your partner ’s answers and tell the class what you learned about him/her. Use the expressions from the list below. ånhjv > instr morning ghóikjq yóxm. > instr last night dxthá ly/v > instr afternoon d ghóiksq gjytlükmybr > acc last Monday yesterday düxthjv > instr evening d ghóike. g§nybwe > acc last Friday d ghóikjv ujlå > prep last year d ghóikjv vüczwt > prep last month yf ghóikjq ytlükt > prep last week - Náyz^ rjulá ns d gjckülybq hfp j,ülfkf d htcnjháyt$ - Yf ghóikjq ytlükt& - B xnj ns ükf$ - Z ükf ,jho b hÏ,e& Reporting back: D gjckülybq hfp Náyz j,ülfkf d htcnjháyt yf ghóikjq ytlükt^ jyf ükf ,jho b hÏ,e& You may like to use the following ideas for your questions: 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 154

[jl¿nm d vfufp¿y ;bnm d ujcn¿ybwt cvjnhünm d¿ltj ckåifnm våpsre gbnm ifvgáycrjt

6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

xbnánm hjváy ,snm d ntánht ujdjh¿nm gj ntktaóye tcnm ijrjkál gbcánm gbcmvó

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Note: the Russian verbs ,snm^ cnfnm^ hf,ónfnm take the Instrumental case of the following noun in constructions like jy [óxtn ,snm dhfxóv - he wants to be a doctor; jyá hf,ónftn dhfxóv - she works as a doctor; jy¿ cnákb dhfxávb - they became doctors& This rule applies to all tenses. However, remember that the verb to be - ,snm does not have a present tense form in Russian, therefore the Nominative is used: jy dhfx - he is a doctor&

1& Dkfl¿vbh (,snm) _____________&

1& Jy (,snm) ____________________&

3& Jy¿ (hf,ónfnm) ________________&

A new ab initio Russian course

4& Jyá ([jnünm) ,snm _____________&

ìàòåìàòèê

ìàíåêåíùèöà

4& Cdünf ([jnünm) ,snm ____________&

âðà÷

3& G/nh b Jküu (hf,ónfnm) _________&

ïðîäàâåö

ó÷èòåëü

2& Jyá ([jnünm) cnfnm _____________&

áóõãàëòåð

2& Vfh¿yf ([jnünm) cnfnm __________&

äèðèæ/ð

Ntgühm

ñïîðòñìåí

Háymit

Chapter 9

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense.

155

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Translate the following sentences into Russian, then listen to the texts A, Á and  from Activities One and Two. Can you find these sentences in the texts? Number them in order of their appearance. @ &&& She was a nurse. @ &&& He wanted to study at university, but became a soldier. @ &&& After university he worked as a doctor at a children’s hospital. Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner the role of B, then reverse the roles. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. A

Say hi (informal). Ask your partner how he/she feels. Say you are well. Say you are a doctor. Say you did work as a teacher for two years but recently became a doctor. Ask your partner where he/she is working. Say you were pleased to meet your friend and goodbye.

B

Reply appropriately. Describe how you feel and ask the same question. Ask what job your partner is doing now. Say you remember that your partner wanted to be a teacher and work with children. Say you work as an engineer at a big factory as you always wanted. Respond appropriately.

 áþðó ïj òðóäjóñòðóéñòâó - At the job centre A (client)

Say good morning. Say you work as a secretary but would like a new job. Say you speak French and Russian well. Say you don’t want to be a teacher. Say you would like to work as an interpreter. Say that is interesting and thank him/her. Say: “Thank you very much, goodbye.”

B (official)

Respond appropriately. Ask what else ( Xnj to/ &&&$)¸your client can do. Say there is a vacancy at the local school and ask whether you client would like to work as a teacher. Ask what your client would like to do.* Say there is a vacancy in an oil firm in London. Say: “I wish you luck.” (:tká. eláxb) Reply appropriately.

* When asking about occupations, the phrase ‘what would you like to do ...?’ is usually rendered in the following way - rtv ns [óxtim / ds [jn¿nt hf,ónfnm &&&? góvybnm (II) dfráycbz aá,hbrf

156

to remember vacancy factory

evünm vücnysq gthtdólxbr

to be able (to do) local interpreter

ytanzyáz a¿hvf bynthücyj ;tkánm (I) (+ gen)

oil firm interesting to wish

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

gbnm

cvjnhünm

ujdjh¿nm

üplbnm

ckåifnm

ktnánm

Chapter 9

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Look at the pictures below and complete the questions with the appropriate verb from the box. Use the verbs in the past tense. Listen to the tape, paying particular attention to the intonation of the questions.

100 ktn yfpál kølb &&& _____________ hálbj$

________ yf vfi¿yt$

_________ ntktd¿pjh$

________ yf cfvjk/nt$

_______ gj ntktaóye$

_________ rjrf-róke$

Remember the following rule: To ask a question about an event which occurred in the past, simply emphasize the verb in the past tense by raising your voice. Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the model below answer the questions from Activity Seven, take turns with your partner asking and answering. Question - Kølb ckåifkb våpsre cnj ktn yfpál$

Possible answer - Lf^ ckåifkb& (Yes, they did.) - Ytn^ yt ckåifkb& (No, they didn’t.) - Z yt edühty(f)& (I am not sure.)

Remember the following rule: To make a negative statement about an event which occurred in the past, simply put the negative particle yt before the verb in the past tense. A new ab initio Russian course

157

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the text about the life of the Russian writer Anton Chekhov. You will need to know the Russian for ‘in 1884’ and other dates. This is very simple: the first three numbers are used in the Nominative case and the last one in the Prepositional (d nÏczxf djctvmcón dóctvmltczn xtnd/hnjv ujlå)& If the date ends in zero, the last two digits are used in the Prepositional case; e.g. ‘in 1920’ - d nÏczxf ltdznmcón ldflwánjv ujlå&

Fynóy Gádkjdbx Xü[jd (1860 - 1904) Fynóy Gádkjdbx Xü[jd - dtk¿rbq håccrbq gbcántkm-htfk¿cn& Tuó hfccráps b gmücs bpdücnys dj vyóub[ cnháyf[& Jy hjl¿kcz* d 1860 ujlå d Nfufyhóut^ yf øut Hjcc¿b& Tuó jnüw ,sk rjvvthcáynjv b cjlth;ák yt,jkmiå. kádjxre& Jy edktrákcz våpsrjq^ [jhjió hbcjdák b gtk& Fynóy nó;t k.,¿k våpsre^ yj ,ókmit dctuó två yhádbkcz ntánh& Jy xácnj buhák d ljváiyb[ cgtrnárkz[& D 1876 ujlå ;bpym Fynóyf bpvty¿kfcm& Tuó jnüw hfpjh¿kcz^ b dcz ctvm§ eü[fkf d Vjcrdå& D Vjcrdü Fynóy ex¿kcz d eybdthcbnünt yf vtlbw¿ycrjv afrekmnünt b pfróyxbk tuó d 1884 ujlå& Cdjq gühdsq c,óhybr hfccrápjd jy jge,kbrjdák d 1886 ujlå& Jy ;bk d Vjcrdü gznm ktn^ hf,ónfk dhfxóv b gbcák hfccráps& Gjnóv jy pf,jkük ne,threk/pjv^ gthtü[fk d Rhsv b ;bk d †knt& Pltcm jy yfgbcák cdj¿ pyfvty¿nst gmücs «L§lz Dáyz» (1900)^ «Nhb ctcnhÏ» (1901) b «Dbiy/dsq cfl» (1903). Jy ;ty¿kcz d 1901 ujlå yf frnh¿ct ÿkmut Ry¿ggth^ f d 1904 ujlå jy åvth& * The verb hjl¿kcz is a masculine past tense of the infinitive hjl¿nmcz. All Russian verbs ending with the particle -ñÿ in the infinitive are called reflexive verbs. In order to form the past tense of reflexive verbs follow the usual rule leaving the particle in place. However, the particle -ñÿ changes to -ñü when preceded by a vowel: infinitive hjl¿nmcz

dtk¿rbq gbcántkm (m) hjl¿nmcz (II) .u gmücf bpdücnys (pl) hfccráp rjvvthcáyn cjlth;ánm (II) edktránmcz (I) (+ instr)

158

past (m sing) hjl¿kcz

great writer to be born south play known short story businessman to own to be keen on

past (f sing) hjlbkácm

hbcjdánm gtnm ntánh ljváiybq cgtrnárkm (m) hfpjh¿nmcz (II) pfróyxbnm (II) kádjxrf c,óhybr ne,threk/p

to draw to sing theatre domestic performance to go bankrupt to graduate small shop volume TB

past (n sing) hjlbkócm

past (pl) hjlbk¿cm

gthtü[fnm d (+ acc) Rhsv «L§lz Dáyz» «Nhb ctcnhÏ» «Dbiy/dsq cfl» bpvty¿nmcz (II) ex¿nmcz (II) åvth (m) ;ty¿nmcz (II) yf (+ prep)

to move to Crimea Uncle Vanya Three Sisters The Cherry Orchard to change to study died to marry, get married to

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 9

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below and complete the sentences. Use the verb ðîä¿òüñÿ in its appropriate form.

Øåêñï¿ð____________⠚íãëèè

Îí¿______________ â ßïóíèè

Ìàð¿íà____________â Ðîññ¿è

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Indicate whether the following sentences are True (Ï) or False (Í). Correct the false sentences in English. The first sentence is done for you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Anton Chekhov wrote poems. His father was a businessman. Anton was keen on drawing. His father was very keen on theatre. Anton studied medicine in Moscow. He left for Yalta after graduation. He wrote his plays in Moscow. He was ill with tuberculosis.

Í

(No, he wrote short stories and plays) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Answer the following questions in Russian. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Rjulá b ult hjl¿kcz Fynóy Gádkjdbx Xü[jd$ Rtv ,sk tuó jnüw$ Xtv jy edktrákcz$ Xnj yhádbkjcm Fynóye ,ókmit dctuó$ Gjxtvå ;bpym Fynóyf bpvty¿kfcm d 1876 ujlå$ Ult jy ex¿kcz d Vjcrdü$ Rtv jy hf,ónfk góckt eybdthcbnünf$ Gjxtvå jy gthtü[fk d Rhsv$ Rjulá b yf rjv jy ;ty¿kcz$ Rfr¿t gmücs jy yfgbcák d Rhsvå$ Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write, in Russian, about your past. Use the guide below to help you.

Hjl¿k cz/hjlbkácm ult$ rjulá$ crókmrj dfv ktn$

Hjl ¿ n tk b dóphfcn$ hf,ónf$ ult$

A new ab initio Russian course

Irókf rjulá$ ult$ ghtlvüns$

ÿnls[ [ó,,b$ cgjhn$ lhepm§$

Hf,ónf/ Ey b d thcbnün rfráz/rfróq$ rjulá$ ult$ 159

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Two people on the tape talk about how they met their spouse. Split up into two groups. Group A listens to Marina’s story and group B listens to Igor ’s story. Then answer, in English, the questions about your couple. How we met - Êàê ìû âñòðüòèëèñü 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

When did they meet? How did they meet? What do they do now? What did they do when they met? When did they get married? Do they have any children? Where do they live? What is Marina’s husband’s name? Why did he change his job? What is Igor’s wife’s name? What did she study at university?

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Find a partner from the other group and compare information. Ask and answer questions in Russian. Look at the photographs of the two couples. How old do you think they are? How old were they when they met? Tell your own story or your parents’ story. Use the questions below to help you. You will need to know the Russian for ‘he/she was ... years old’ - två / tq ,Ïkj &&& ktn/ujl/uólf& Note: if you want to give an approximate age, ‘he/she is/was about 19/23 years old’, simply place the words ktn/ujl/uólf before the number - två/tq ,Ïkj ktn 19 / ujlf 23&

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9&

Ns páve;tv # ;tyán$ E nt,§ ücnm lüdeirf # gáhtym$ Rjulá b ulü ds dcnhünbkbcm$ Crókmrj dfv ,skj kün^ rjulá ds dcnhünbkbcm$ Ult ds njulá ;¿kb$ Ult ds njulá hf,ónfkb # ex¿kbcm$ Xnj ds lükftnt ctqxác$ Xnj lükftn ndjz lüdeirf # ndóq gáhtym$ Ult jy(á) háymit hf,ónfk(f) # ex¿kcz (ex¿kfcm)$

dcnhünbnmcz (II) ajnjrjhhtcgjylüyn vjkjl/;ysq ajnjuháabz [ó,,b (n indeclinable) gjlhf,ánsdfnm (I) ajnjfntkmü (n indeclinable) ;tyán (m) / páve;tv (f)

160

to meet (each other) photo correspondent for young people photography, photograph hobby to earn extra photo studio married

cybvánm (I) rdfhn¿he pfhgkánf ,ókmit xtv ;ehyfk¿cnbrf by§p ckexáqyj nh/[róvyfnyfz rdfhn¿hf gáhtym (m) / lüdeirf (f)

to rent a flat salary more than journalism foreign languages faculty by chance three-room flat boyfriend / girlfriend

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

1.

The masculine past tense of verbs with an infinitive ending in -òü is formed by replacing -òü with -ë: infinitive gbcánm ujdjh¿nm gjdnjh§nm ,jkünm

2.

past (m) jy gbcák jy ujdjh¿k jy gjdnjh§k jy ,jkük

he was writing/wrote he was talking/talked he was repeating/repeated he was ill

The feminine, neuter and plural forms are formed by adding endings -f^ -j and -b respectively to the masculine form: past (m) jy gbcák jy ujdjh¿k jy gjdnjh§k jy ,jkük

3.

Chapter 9

GRAMMAR

past (f) jyá gbcákf jyá ujdjh¿kf jyá gjdnjh§kf jyá ,jkükf

past (n) jyó gbcákj jyó ujdjh¿kj jyó gjdnjh§kj jyó ,jkükj

past (pl) jy¿ gbcákb jy¿ ujdjh¿kb jy¿ gjdnjh§kb jy¿ ,jkükb

The past tense agrees with the subject of the verb in number (sing, pl) and gender (m, f, n): z gbcák z gbcákf ns gbcák ns gbcákf vs^ ds^ jy¿ gbcákb

I was writing (male subject) I was writing (female subject) you were writing (male subject) you were writing (female subject) we, you, they were writing (plural)

Some types of verbs have no -ë in the masculine past tense, but in all other forms they follow the usual rules. In this chapter you came across one such verb, namely evthünm (to die). All verbs ending with -åðåòü follow the same pattern: remove -åòü from the infinitive in order to form the masculine past tense; add -ë and the appropriate endings for the feminine, neuter and plural past forms: evthünm (inf)

åvth (past m)

evthká (past f)

åvthkj (past n)

åvthkb (past pl)

To ask a question about the past simply emphasize the verb in the past tense by raising your voice. The word order doesn’t change in Russian as in English: jy [jl¿k d rbyó - he went to the cinema; jy [jl¿k d rbyó$ - did he go to the cinema? To give a negative reply about the past, use the negative particle íå before the verb in the past tense: - Ns xbnák ýne ry¿ue$ - Ytn^ yt xbnák&

A new ab initio Russian course

Did you read this book? No, I didn’t.

161

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Choose a verb from the box below and make up a sentence in the past tense. Use the nonsense verb nfnfk(-f, -j, -b) (which is something like English blah-blah) instead of the verb you chose. Your partner should give the past tense of the missing verb, then you should change roles if the missing verb is named correctly. xbnánm pf,jkünm evthünm

gbcánm dcnhünbnm k.,¿nm

dcgjvbyánm üplbnm hf,ónfnm

gjcneg¿nm ,snm cnfnm

pfróyxbnm ckåifnm reg¿nm

A - Dxthá z nfnák bynthücye. ry¿ue& < - xbnák < - Jyá nfnákf eybdthcbnün d 1989 ujlå& A - pfróyxbkf Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading You will hear people answering the questions given below. Before you listen, read the sentences in the table. Indicate in the spaces provided which speaker you think will use each one. Then listen to the tape and check your answers. The first one is done for you. F < D U

Rjulá Rjulá Rjulá Rjulá

ds d gjckülybq hfp g¿kb ifvgáycrjt$ ds d gjckülybq hfp ,Ïkb pf uhfy¿wtq$ ds d gjckülybq hfp ujnódbkb j,ül$ ds d gjckülybq hfp [jl¿kb d ntánh$

F F

Nfv ,Ïkj óxtym ;áhrj& Dctv gjyhádbkcz ltcühn& Z óxtym k.,kø våpsre Xfqródcrjuj& Yf cdálm,t lhåuf& ¢nj ýrpjn¿xtcrfz cnhfyá& V§cj c jdjoávb& Jy ;ty¿kcz yf fyukbxáyrt& «Tduüybq Jyüuby» Dc/ ,Ïkj óxtym dråcyj&

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the tape again and write down in Russian when each activity happened. 1& 2& 3& 4&

162

Jy d gjckülybq hfp gbk ifvgáycrjt Jyá d d gjckülybq hfp ,ská pf uhfy¿wtq Jyá d gjckülybq hfp ujnódbkf j,ül Jy d gjckülybq hfp ,sk d ntánht

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Write down what else happened or didn’t happen yesterday. 1&

Cdünf yt cvjnhükf ntktd¿pjh& <jh¿c

2&

<jh¿c xbnák ufpüne& Cdünf

3&

Cdünf ujnódbkf å;by& <jh¿c

4&

<jh¿c gbk g¿dj& Cdünf

5&

Cdünf ükf ijrjkál& <jh¿c

Chapter 9

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the picture of Sveta and her husband Boris. They never do the same things on the same day, for example: Dxthá Cdünf [jl¿kf d vfufp¿y& Dxthá <jh¿c yt [jl¿k d vfufp¿y&

Activity Twenty-One - Äâäàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Listening/Writing Read and translate the two texts below. There are three factual mistakes in each text. Listen twice to the tape and find the correct details. Write them down, as in the model provided. Ïéðâûé ÷åëîâéê â êîñìóñå Cjdüncrbq k/nxbr âhbq Ufuáhby cnfk gühdsv xtkjdürjv^ rjnóhsq gj,sdák d rócvjct& Ýnj ghjbpjikó d 1961 ujlå^ ldtyálwfnjuj fghükz& Ufuáhby dgthdÏt j,ktnük Püvk. yf rjcv¿xtcrjv rjhf,kü «Djcnór», rjnóhsq dücbk 5 njyy& Gjk/n ghjljk;ákcz 100 vbyån& Vfrcbvákmyfz dscjná ,ská 200 vbkm& 1& Gjk¸n ghjljk;fkcz yt 100 vbyen& Jy ghjljk;fkcz 108 vbyen& 2. 3. Glossary cîâüòñêèé ë¸ò÷èê Ãàãáðèí ñòàë ïüðâûì ÷åëîâüêîì, êîòóðûé ïîáûâáë â êóñìîñå ¢òî ïðîèçîøëó äâåíáäöfòîãî àïðüëÿ âïåðâÏå A new ab initio Russian course

the Soviet pilot Gagarin was the first man in space it happened on the 12th of April for the first time

îáëåòüë Çåìëø íà êîñì¿÷åñêîì êîðááëå êîòóðûé âåñèë ïîë¸ò ïðîäîëæáëñÿ ìàêñèìáëüíàÿ âûñîòá 200 ìèëü

flew around the Earth in a space ship which weighed the flight lasted the maximum hight 200 miles

163

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Ïéðâûé ÷åëîâéê íà Ëóíé Gühdsq xtkjdür gj,sdák yf Keyü d 1967 ujlå& ¢nj ghjbpjikó ldálwfnm gühdjuj bøkz d 3 xfcá 58 vbyån enhá& Fvthbráycrbq fcnhjyádn Ybk šhvcnhjyu gjr¿yek rjcv¿xtcrbq rjhá,km «Fgókkj - 12» b clükfk gühdsq ifu yf Keyü& Glossary ïîáûâáë íà Ëóíü äâáäöàòü ïüðâîãî èøëÿ â 3 ÷àñá 58 ìèíåò óòðá

was on the Moon on the 21st of July at 3.58 a.m.

àìåðèêáíñêèé àñòðîíáâò ïîê¿íóë êîñì¿÷åñêèé êîðááëü ñäüëàë ïüðâûé øàã

the American astronaut left the space ship made the first step

1. 2. 3.

The past tense when used to denote age The neuter singular form is used in phrases expressing age in the past tense: Vyt ,Ïkj 18 ktn Nt,ü ,Ïkj 23 ujlf Tq ,Ïkj 8 ktn Två ,Ïkj 30 ktn Bv ,Ïkj 19 ktn I was 18 years old You were 23 She was 8 He was 30 They were 19 years old years old years old years old Note: if the last digit of the number is 1 (except in the case of 11 which complies with the above rule) the masculine singular form is used: Vyt ,sk 21 ujl

Nt,ü ,sk 31 ujl

Tq ,sk 1 ujl

Två ,sk 41 ujl

Bv ,sk 51 ujl

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below and write down, in Russian, how old these people are now and how old they were at different times in the past.

164

10 ktn

24 uólf

56 ktn

Ctqxác tve 10 ktn& 2 uólf yfpál _________ 7 ktn yfpál __________ 9 ktn yfpál __________

Ctqxác ______________ 3 uólf yfpál _________ 5 ktn yfpál __________ 13 ktn yfpál _________

Ctqxác ______________ 6 ktn yfpál __________ 15 ktn yfpál _________ 18 ktn yfpál _________ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

All Russian verbs ending with the particle -ñÿ in the infinitive are called reflexive verbs. In the present tense they conjugate like any other verb of a given type. To determine the type of the reflexive verb simply ignore the particle; for example, the verb ;ty¿nmcz is of the same type as the verb ujdjh¿nm. The only thing to keep in mind is that the particle -ñÿ changes to -ñü when preceded by a vowel:

Chapter 9

REFLEXIVE VERBS

Present tense ujdjh¿nm z ns jy/jyá/jyó vs ds jy¿

;ty¿nmcz

ujdjhø ujdjh¿im ujdjh¿n ujdjh¿v ujdjh¿nt ujdjh§n

z ns jy/jyá/jyó vs ds jy¿

;tyø ;üybim ;üybn ;üybv ;üybnt ;üyzn -

cm cz cz cz cm cz

Past tense In order to form the masculine past tense of reflexive verbs replace the -òü of the infinitive by -ë, leaving the particle -ñÿ in place: dcnhünbnmcz (infinitive) - dcnhünbkcz (past m) In order to form the feminine, neuter and plural forms in the past tense add -à^ -î and -è respectively to the masculine form. The particle -ñÿ changes to -ñü when preceded by a vowel: dcnhünbkcz (past m), dcnhünbkfcm (past f), dcnhünbkjcm (past n), dcnhünbkbcm (past pl) Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing The table below is partially completed with reflexive verbs from the text in Activity Nine. Fill in the remaining spaces in the table. infinitive ðîä¿òüñÿ íðáâèòüñÿ

past (m sing)

past (f sing)

past (n sing)

0

íð áâèëîñü èçìåí ¿ëîñü 0

óâëåêáëñÿ

æåí¿òüñÿ* ó÷¿ëñÿ

past (pl)

ðàçîð ¿ëèñü

* This verb applies only to men; a different one âûéòè çàìóæ pf (+ acc) is used for women.

A new ab initio Russian course

165

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense and form. 1& âhbq Ufuáhby ___________ (hjl¿nmcz) d 1934 ujlå^ f tuó cnáhifz ljxm ___________ (hjl¿nmcz) d 1959 ujlå& 2& Ctqxác Vfrc¿v ___________ (ex¿nmcz) d Vjcródcrjv eybdthcbnünt^ f háymit jy ___________ (ex¿nmcz) d irókt& 3& D ghóikjv ujlå Cdünf óxtym ___________ (edktránmcz) gjg-våpsrjq^ f ctqxác tq ,ókmit ___________ (yhádbnmcz) rkfcc¿xtcrfz våpsrf& 4& Vj¿ hjl¿ntkb ___________ (dcnhünbnmcz) 20 ktn yfpál& 5& Vs c ctcnhóq __________ (hjl¿nmcz) d jl¿y b njn ;t ltym& 6& Ctqxác z ___________ (edktránmcz) ntánhjv b kbnthfnåhjq^ f vj¿ ,hánmz ___________ (edktránmcz) nüyybcjv b aen,ókjv& 7& ¡ujhm ___________ (dcnhünbnmcz) c Vfh¿yjq 2 uólf yfpál b &___________ (;ty¿nmcz) yf ytq d ghóikjv ujlå& How to answer the question D rfróv ujlå &&&$ (‘In which year ...?’) Years in Russian are expressed by ordinal numerals; e.g. ctqxác nÏczxf ltdznmcón ltdzyócnj g§nsq ujl - ‘it is 1995 now’ (literally: ‘it is the 1995th year now’). To answer the above question use the Prepositional case. In Chapter Seven you learned that in compound numbers only the the final component has the form of an ordinal number and is declined. Therefore, if you want to say ‘in 1995’, only the last digit should be used in the Prepositional case: d nÏczxf ltdznmcón ltdzyócnj g§njv ujlå - in 1995 Note that the final component of a compound number may contain more than one digit: in 1900 (three digits) in 1980 (two digits)

d nÏczxf ltdznbcónjv* ujlå d nÏczxf ltdznmcón djcmvbltc§njv ujlå

* Remember: ordinal numbers from 50th to 80th and from 500th to 900th have a central -è- which appears in place of the central -ü- in cardinal numbers. The central -è- appears in all cases: nÏczxf itcnbcónsq ujl / d nÏczxf itcnbcónjv ujlå nÏczxf ltdznmcón itcnbltc§nsq ujl / d nÏczxf ltdznmcón itcnbltc§njv ujlå

1600 / in 1600 in 1960

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Say in Russian in which year each of the people pictured below was born and died.

Itrcgbh (1564 - 1616) 166

Geirby (1799 - 1837)

Vthbkby Vjyhj (1926 - 1962) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The Russian verbs ,snm^ cnfnm and hf,ónfnm take the Instrumental case of the following noun in constructions like ,snm/cnfnm dhfxóv - ‘to be/become a doctor’ and hf,ónfnm dhfxóv - ‘to work as a doctor’& This rule applies to all tenses. However, remember that the verb to be - ,snm does not have a present tense form in Russian, therefore the Nominative case is used: jy dhfx - ‘he is a doctor’.

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the Curriculum Vitae given below and tell the story of Alexander’s life in Russian.

Chapter 9

THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE AFTER THE VERBS ÁÛÒÜ, ÑÒÀÒÜ AND ÐÀÁÎÒÀÒÜ

Fdnj,bjuháabz ¡vz^ afv¿kbz^ ónxtcndj% Ujl hj;lüybz% Vücnj hj;lüybz% J,hfpjdáybt% Ghjaüccbz% Hf,ónf%

Ctvm§%


Fktrcáylh Dkfl¿vbhjdbx Pf[áhjd 1960 Vjcrdá Vjcródcrfz irókf @3^ 1967 - 1977 Vjcródcrbq eybdthcbnün^ 1977 - 1982 ,bókju 1982 - 1984 ex¿ntkm ,bjkóubb (irókf @ 15) 1984 - 1989 ghtgjlfdántkm ,bjkóubb (gtlbycnbnån) 1989 - 1990 ,tphf,ónysq 1990 - lj yfcnj§otuj dhüvtyb ,bókju rjycekmnáyn (Bycnbnån j[háys ghbhóls ) jntw - Dkfl¿vbh Gtnhódbx Pf[áhjd^ gtycbjyüh vfnm - Y¿yf Bdáyjdyf Pf[áhjdf^ dhfx (,jkmy¿wf @1) 1985^ ;tyá - ÿkmuf <jh¿cjdyf Uhfx/df^ gthtdólxbr ljxm (ujl hj;lüybz - 1987) fh[bntrnåhf^ ntánh^ nüyybc

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Pairwork. Enquire about your partner ’s Curriculum Vitae in Russian and write down the details. Tell the group what you have found out. (You haven’t yet learnt how to use the phrase for ‘from ... to ...’with dates, so avoid this construction.) fdnj,bjuháabz ujl hj;lüybz vücnj hj;lüybz j,hfpjdáybt ,bókju ,bjkóubz ghtgjlfdántkm (m) gtlbycnbnån

curriculum vitae year of birth place of birth education biologist biology lecturer, teacher pedagogical institute

A new ab initio Russian course

,tphf,ónysq/-fz lj yfcnj§otuj dhüvtyb rjycekmnáyn Bycnbnån j[háys ghbhóls gtycbjyüh ,hfr fh[bntrnåhf

unemployed until the present time consultant Environmental Protection Institute pensioner marriage architecture

167

Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà

168

Áááóøêà, äüäóøêà è âíåê

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 10

Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER TEN - ÄÅÑßÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ

HOBBIES AND INTERESTS - ÓÂËÅ×ÅÍÈß È ÈÍÒÅÐÅÑÛ In Chapter Ten you will learn how to do the following: 1. to talk about hobbies and interests 2. to speak about sport, cinema, theatre 3. to express ‘wrong’ in Russian You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. the genitive singular of adjectives 2. the instrumental plural of adjectives 3. double negatives (íèêîãä á íå, íèêòó íå, íèêóäá íå, íèãäü íå, íè÷åãó íå, etc.) 4. the mutual pronoun äðóã äðåãà (äðóã äðåãó, etc.) 5. the multidirectional verbs of motion õîä¿òü and üçäèòü Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Say what the people in the pictures are doing. Use the words given below the pictures together with the verbs above each picture. çàíèìáòüñÿ (+ instr)

óâëåêáòüñÿ (+ instr)

(ñïîðò)

(ìàø¿íû)

çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) (+ instr)

170

to take part in, go in for

óâëåêáòüñÿ (I) (+ instr)

to enjoy

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

çàíèìáòüñÿ (+ instr)

Chapter 10

óâëåêáòüñÿ (+ instr)

(êëàññ¿÷åñêàÿ ìåçûêà)

(ðåññêàÿ è çàðóáüæíàÿ ëèòåðàòåðà)

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Insert the missing questions in the following exchanges. The first one is done for you. When you have completed the exercise, ask your partner the same questions relating to his/her interests. Then reverse the roles. Note: the second conjugation verbs ïðîâîä¿òü (to spend time), õîä¿òü (to go on foot) and üçäèòü (to go by transport) mutate in the first person singular: ÿ õîæå, ÿ üçæó, ÿ ïðîâîæå. (See the Grammar section for further details.)

1. - Êóäá òû îáÏ÷íî üçäèøü â óòïóñê? - ÎáÏ÷íî ÿ üçæó â óòïóñê íà ׸ðíîå ìóðå. 2. - _______________________________________________________________? - ß óâëåêáþñü ôèãåðíûì êàòáíèåì è àýðóáèêîé. 3 - _______________________________________________________________? -  ñâîáóäíîå âðüìÿ ÿ çàíèìáþñü ñïóðòîì ¿ëè ìåçûêîé. 4. - _______________________________________________________________? - ß ñîáèðáþ ìáðêè î êóñìîñå. 5. - ß ïðîâîæå ñâîáóäíîå âðüìÿ íà äèñêîòüêå. - _______________________________________________________________? 6. - _______________________________________________________________? - Ïî ñóááóòàì ÿ ÷áñòî õîæå â ãóðîä.

çàðóáüæíûé îáÏ÷íî üçäèòü (II) â óòïóñê ôèãåðíîå êàòáíèå àýðóáèêà â ñâîáóäíîå âðüìÿ

foreign usually to go on holiday figure skating aerobics in my free time

A new ab initio Russian course

ñîáèðáòü (I) ìáðêè ìáðêè î êóñìîñå ÷áñòî õîä¿òü (II) íà äèñêîòüêå ïî ñóááóòàì

to collect stamps stamps to do with space often to go (on foot) at the disco on Saturdays

171

Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following recordings by Russians and state in the boxes below how they spend their leisure time. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Name

Leisure activities

How Russians spend their free time Summer is the favourite holiday period for most Russians. This is when they take their annual break (óòïóñê), and the children have their school holidays (rfy¿reks). The resorts of the Black Sea (X/hyjt vóht) are popular destinations, but most people visit the family dacha (láxf) - either a simple country cottage or a large house, but always with its own plot of land (exácnjr ptvk¿) and a vegetable garden (jujhól) or small orchard (cfl). From early spring Russians make weekend trips to their dachas, where they prepare the ground for planting after the long winter months. When summer comes, the whole family will often move to the dacha and may continue to live there until the autumn, commuting to and from work. Most dachas are located in small villages in the countryside, frequently near a lake, where the holidaymakers can go swimming, or a forest, where they can pick mushrooms and berries (cj,bhánm uhb,Ï b §ujls). Russians still marinate and preserve a great deal of natural produce, which provides a vital source of food throughout the winter and helps bring back pleasant memories of the summer.

ìáññà ñâîáóäíîãî âðüìåíè ÷áùå îäíîêëáññíèê îáîæáòü (I) ñêð¿ïêà ìáëî ñâîáóäíîãî âðüìåíè ñîâðåìüííàÿ ìåçûêà ïëáâàíèå ïðûæê¿ ñ âÏøêè

172

loads of free time more often classmate to adore violin little free time modern music swimming spring board diving

èíîãäá èíòåðåñîâáòüñÿ (èíòåðåñåþñü, -ååøüñÿ) (+ instr) êóííûé ñïîðò áîëüòü (I) çà (+ acc) äá÷à âûðáùèâàòü (I) öâåòÏ ôðåêòû óâîùè

sometimes to be interested in horse riding to support summer cottage, dacha to grow flowers fruit vegetables

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A Ask how your partner spends his/her free time. Ask what he/she does on his/her days off. Ask if he/she goes to the dacha. Ask if your friend likes to go hiking. A Ask your friend how he/she spends his/her holidays. Ask your partner where he/she has been.*

B Say that you have very little free time. You are very busy. Say that you usually go to the country. Reply that you do not have a dacha and you usually go mushroom picking in the woods. Reply that you do not like hiking. You always go by car. B Say that you like to go abroad.

Wish your partner a pleasant journey.

Reply that you have been to France, Germany and Spain. Reply appropriately.

A Ask if your partner has a hobby. Ask where your partner usually buys them. Ask what sort of CDs your partner collects.

B Reply that you like to collect CDs. Say that you usually buy them at the supermarket or in a specialist shop. Say that you collect rock-music CDs.

Chapter 10

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays B, then reverse the roles.

* Use either üçäèòü â (+ acc) or áûòü/ïîáûâáòü â (+ prep).

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Work out the meaning of the following dialogues, using the vocabulary provided on the following page, and then read them in pairs. (Note: the words in bold relate to Activity Six.) VBH EDKTXöYBQ Rj y w ü hn Dákz Cáif Dákz Cáif Dákz

- Ó íàñ åñòü áèëüòû íà êîíöüðò šëëû Ïóãà÷¸âîé. Òû ïîéä¸øü ñ íáìè? Äüëî â òîì, ÷òî ó íàñ åñòü ë¿øíèé áèëüò. - ß íå ó÷åíü ëþáëø ýñòðáäó. À ¢òî å¸ ñóëüíûé êîíöüðò, ¿ëè åù¸ äðóã¿å ïåâöÏ áåäóò âûñòóï áòü? - ß íå çíáþ. Êáæåòñÿ, åù¸ áåäåò ïåòü è Ôèë¿ïï Êèðêóðîâ. - ×òî æ, ìóæíî ïîñëåøàòü. À ãäå áåäåò êîíöüðò? -  êîíöüðòíîì çáëå «Ðîññ¿ÿ». Äàâáé âñòðüòèìñÿ óêîëî ãëáâíîãî âõ óäà.

ÿ çáíÿò/çàíÿòá â âûõîäíÏå äíè üçäèòü â äåðüâíþ õîä¿òü â ëåñ çà ãðèááìè çàíèìáòüñÿ òóð¿pvjv õîä¿òü â ïîõóä ïðîâîä¿òü óòïóñê A new ab initio Russian course

I am busy on (one’s) days off to go to the country to go mushroom picking in the woods to go hiking " " " to spend one’s holidays

(æåëáþ òåáü/âàì) ñ÷àñòë¿âîãî ïóò¿ êîìïàêò-ä¿ñê ïîêóïáòü (I) ñïåöèáëüíûé ìàãàç¿í êàêóé(?) êîìïàêò-ä¿ñêè ñ ðîê-ìåçûêîé

(I wish you) bon voyage, have a pleasant journey CD to buy specialist shop

what sort of(?) rock music CDs

173

Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Ntánh Dfl¿v Cóyz Dfl¿v Cóyz Yfnáif K¿pf Yfnáif K¿pf Yfnáif K¿pf Yfnáif K¿pf Yfnáif K¿pf

Dákz Váif Dákz Váif

- Òû ëøáèøü òåáòð? - Äà, êàê ðàç â ¢òó ñóááóòó ÿ èäå â Áîëüøóé òåáòð íà áàëüò «Ëåáåä¿íîå óçåðî». Ò óëüêî â÷åðá ÿ ñìîòðüëà íà â¿äåî ó ïåðó Á áðòîêà «Ç áìîê Ñ¿ íåé Áîðîä Ï». - Äà? À êàê òû äîñòáëà áèëüòû? - Ìåí§ ïðèãëàñ¿ë ¿êòîð, îí è êóï¿ë áèëüòû. ß óæü õîä¿ëà ñ íèì íà óïåðó «Èâáí Ñóñáíèí». * * * - Ë¿çà, äàâáé ïîéä¸ì çáâòðà â òåáòð. Ó ìåí§ åñòü áèëüòû. - Êóäá?  êàêóé? -  Ìáëûé òåáòð. Òû æå çíáåøü, ÿ ëþáëø äðàìàò¿÷åñêèé òåáòð. ÿïåðó è áàëüò ïðåäïî÷èòáþ ñìîòðüòü ïî òåëåâ¿çîðó. - À ÿ ëþáëø îïåðüòòó. Ïóìíèøü, ìû â ïðóøëîì ãîäå ñìîòðüëè ïðåìüüðó «Âåñ¸ëîé âäîâ Ï »? - Íó, ¢òî áÏëî ó÷åíü äàâíó. À ñåé÷áñ ÿ ïðèãëàøáþ òåá § íà «Ä§äþ Âáíþ» ×üõîâà. - À ãäå íáøè ìåñòá? Íà áàëêóíå? - Íåò, â ïàðòüðå, â ñåðåä¿íå òðüòüåãî ð§äà. - À êòî èãðáåò? Èçâüñòíûå àêò¸ðû? - ß íå çíáþ, äüëî â òîì, ÷òî ¢òî ïðåìüüðà. Í áäî á åäåò êóï¿òü ïðîãðáììêó â ôîéü. - ×òî æå, íà ïðåìüüðó ÿ ñ óäîâóëüñòâètì ïîéäå. Ñïàñ¿áî çà ïðèãëàøüíèå. Rbyó - Ìáøà, êóäá òû èä¸øü?  êèíó? - Äà, ñåãóäíÿ â íáøåì êèíîòåáòðå ïîê áçûâàþò èíòåðüñíûé ôèëüì. - Ó òå᧠íåò ë¿øíåãî áèëüòà? - ×òî òû? Âñå áèëüòû äàâíó ïðóäàíû. ß äîñòáëà îä¿í ñ áîëüø¿ì òðóäóì.

ìèð óâëå÷üíèé òû ïîéä¸øü ñ íáìè? äüëî â òîì,÷òî ë¿øíèé áèëüò ýñòðáäà ñóëüíûé êîíöüðò åù¸ äðóã¿å ïåâöÏ áåäóò âûñòóïáòü åù¸ áåäåò ïåòü ÷òî æ ìóæíî ïîñëåøàòü ãäå áåäåò ...? êîíöüðòíûé çàë äàâáé âñòðüòèìñÿ ãëáâíûé âõîä êàê ðàç «Ëåáåä¿íîå óçåðî» «Çáìîê ãüðöîãà Ñ¿íÿÿ Áîðîäá» äîñòáòü (äîñòáíó, -åøü) êóï¿òü (êóïëø, êåïèøü) Ìáëûé òåáòð

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world of entertainments will you come with us? the fact is that spare ticket variety show/music solo concert other singers as well (they) will perform (s/he) will also sing well, in that case you can listen to that where will … be? concert hall let’s meet main entrance just Swan Lake (Duke) Bluebeard’s Castle to get, obtain to buy Maly (Small) Theatre

äðàìàò¿÷åñêèé òåáòð ïðåäïî÷èòáòü (I) îïåðüòòà ïóìíèòü (II) â ïðóøëîì ãîäå ïðåìüüðà «Âåñ¸ëàÿ âäîâá» ïðèãëàøáòü (I) ïàðòüð áàëêóí cåðåä¿íà òðüòèé ðÿä èçâüñòíûé íáäî áåäåò ïðîãðáììêà ôîéü ÿ ïîéäå ñ óäîâóëüñòâèåì ñïàñ¿áî çà ïðèãëàøüíèå ïîêáçûâàòü (I) âñå áèëüòû ïðóäàíû ñ áîëüø¿ì òðóäóì

theatre to prefer operetta to remember last year premiere The Merry Widow to invite the stalls balcony middle third row famous, well known it will be necessary programme foyer I’ll go with pleasure thanks for the invitation to show all the tickets are sold out with great difficulty

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Masculine: Neuter: Feminine:

óêîëî íóâ______ ñòàäèóíà áåç ë¿øí______ áèëüòà íåäàëåêó îò ñòáð______ çäáíèÿ ó ñ¿í______ ìóðÿ äëÿ íóâ______ ñòóäüíòêè íàïðóòèâ íîâîãóäí______ ¸ëêè

(hard) (soft) (hard) (soft) (hard) (soft)

(near the new stadium) (without a spare ticket) (not far from the old building) (by the blue sea) (for the new student) (opposite the New Year’s tree)

Chapter 10

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing The forms in bold in the previous exercise are singular adjectives in the Genitive case. Bearing in mind that the masculine and neuter forms are the same, complete the chart below. (You can check your answers in the Grammar section.)

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Listening Read the following dialogue and work out what it means. Then listen to the tape and fill in the gaps. The form which you are listening out for in each case is the Instrumental plural of adjectives. As you will hear, the ending is the same for all three genders, although soft adjectives differ in spelling from hard adjectives and the spelling rule also affects some of the forms. (See the Grammar section for further details.)

Bdfy ó d Gtnh ó d Bdfy ó d Gtnh ó d

- Èâáí Èëü¿÷, êàê ïîæèâáåòå? Êàê âáøà êîëëüêöèÿ èíîñòðáííûõ ìáðîê? - Îòêåäà âû çíáåòå, ÷òî ÿ èíòåðåñåþñü ñòáð_____ èíîñòðáíí_____ ìáðêàìè ? À âû ÷åì óâëåêáåòåñü? - ß óâëåêáþñü ðåññê______ àíòèêâáðí______ êí¿ãàìè è ãåîãðàô¿÷åñê______ êáðòàìè. Åù¸ çàíèìáþñü ðáçí______ â¿äàìè ñïóðòà è êîìïüøòåðí______ ¿ãðàìè. - Î, ó âàñ ìíóãî óâëå÷üíèé. À ÿ èíòåðåñåþñü òóëüêî ñîâüòñê _____ ìáðêàìè è còàð¿íí______ íîâîãóäí______ îòêðÏòêàìè.

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Answer the following questions, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page, if necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

×áñòî ëè âû õóäèòå â òåáòð? Ãäå âû ïðåäïî÷èòáåòå ñèäüòü â òåáòðå? Êàê¿å ïüüñû âû ëøáèòå? ×òî âàì íðáâèòñÿ áóëüøå: óïåðà, áàëüò, îïåðüòòà ¿ëè äðáìà? ×òî âû ïðåäïî÷èòáåòå: ñìîòðüòü ôèëüì â êèíîòåáòðå, ïî â¿äåî ¿ëè ïî òåëåâ¿çîðó? 6. Êàê¿å ô¿ëüìû âû ëøáèòå? êàê ïîæèâáåòå? êîëëüêöèÿ ìáðîê îòêåäà âû çíáåòå ...? èíîñòðáííûé àíòèêâáðíàÿ êí¿ãà ãåîãðàô¿÷åñêàÿ êáðòà

how’s things? stamp collection how do you know …? foreign second-hand book physical map

A new ab initio Russian course

ðáçíûå â¿äû êîìïüøòåðíàÿ èãðá ñîâüòñêèé còàð¿ííûé íîâîãóäíÿÿ îòêðÏòêà

various types computer game Soviet very old, ancient New Year card

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7. Âû õóäèòå íà êîíöüðòû? Íà êàê¿å? 8. Êàêáÿ ìåçûêà âàì íðáâèòñÿ? 9. Êòî âàø ëþá¿ìûé àêò¸ð, ïåâüö, êîìïîç¿òîð? 10. Âû óâëåêáåòåñü êîëëåêöèîí¿ðîâàíèåì? ×òî âû ñîáèðáåòå? Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following dialogues and complete the table below. The first one is done for you. The necessary vocabulary is provided for you at the foot of the page. Name Andrei Tanya Natasha Oleg

Availability ü

Reasons given He loves French films

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the television schedules below and identify the programmes listed in English. Don’t expect to understand every word! Ò 6 ÌÎÑÊÂÀ 7.45, 2.45 Ñïàñèáî çà ïîêóïêó 8.00, 20.00, 22.35 Øåñòü íîâîñòåé 8.10, 0.30 Äîðîæíûé ïàòðóëü 8.25 Ìóëüòñåðèàë «Ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ êàïèòàíà Âðóíãåëÿ» 10.40 Ôèëüì «Àâòîìîáèëü, ñêðèïêà è ñîáàêà Êëÿêñà» 12.20 Òîê-øîó «ß ñàìà» 13.20 Îòêðûòèÿ íåäåëè 13.55 Òåàòðàëüíûé ïîíåäåëüíèê 14.40 Ñïåêòàêëü «Íåîáûêíîâåííûé êîíöåðò» 16.15 Êèíîêàíàë «Êèíåñêîï» 16.45, 20.55 Êèíîæóðíàë «Ôèòèëü» 17.15 Ôèëüì «ß âàñ äîæäóñü» 18.25 Íüþ-Éîðê, Íüþ-Éîðê 18.55 ×àé-êëóá 20.10 Ñêàíäàëû íåäåëè 21.10, 22.45 Ôèëüì «Çîëîòîé òåë¸íîê» 0.45 Äèñê-êàíàë «Âûøå òîëüêî çâåçäû!» 2.30 «Æèçíü - èãðà» Î. Êàáî àìôèòåáòð òðàãüäèÿ îñòðîñþæüòíûé ôèëüì íàðóäíàÿ ìåçûêà äåòåêò¿â áîåâ¿ê âîäåâ¿ëü (m)

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ÍÒ 18.00 Ìóëüòñåðèàë «Ãîðåö» 18.30 ß è ìîÿ ñîáàêà 19.00, 22.00 «Ñåãîäíÿ» 19.30 Ñåðèàë «Øïèîíû» 20.00 «Ñäåëêà Ðàéìîíà», 4-àÿ ñåðèÿ (ÑØÀ) 21.00 Íàìåäíè 21.45 Êóêëû 22.35 Ôèëüì «×åëîâåê òüìû» 0.15 «Òðåòèé ãëàç» 1.00 Âñåìèðíàÿ øàõìàòíàÿ Îëèìïèàäà 1.05 Ïëåéáîé

ìóëüòô¿ëüì ìÏëüíàÿ óïåðà êîëëåêöèîí¿ðîâàíèå ïîéä¸ì? folk music ÷òî èä¸ò? detective story êáæåòñÿ block buster êîìüäèÿ musical comedy ìóæåò áûòü circle tragedy thriller

31 ÊÀÍÀË 9.00, 17.20 Ìóëüòñåðèàë «Ñàíðèî» 9.35 Çîëîòîé ïåòóøîê 11.00, 12.50, 17.50, 19.50, 21.20, 23.35 TV-Shop 13.05 Ôèëüì «Âðåìÿ ëåòàòü» 14.35 Ìóçêàí 15.35 Êðîõà 15.50 Îòêðûòûå íåáåñà 18.05 Ôèëüì «×åëîâåê-àìôèáèÿ» 19.45, 23.30 «Òàéíû Çîëîòîé àíòèëîïû» 20.05 Ìàñêè-øîó «Ìàñêè â Îäåññå» 20.35 Çâ¸çäíûé äîæäü 21.35 Ìîòîð ïëþñ 22.00 Ôèëüì «Ëþáèìàÿ æåíùèíà ìåõàíèêà Ãàâðèëîâà» 0.05 «Êëóáíè÷íûé» äåñåðò 1.05 Ìóçêàí

cartoon soap opera collecting shall we go? what is showing? it seems; I think comedy maybe, perhaps

â äðóãóé ðàç ïîøë¿ (ÿ) íå ìîãå äüëî (äàâáé) ïîéä¸ì ìíå íå äî (+ gen) ... ñêóðî

another time let’s go I can’t thing (to do) let’s go I don’t feel like going to ... soon, shortly

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Theatrical Monday 2. The old flat 3. My dog and I 4. Motor plus 5. Serial ‘Spies’ 6. Today 7. Scandals of the week 8. Window on Europe 9. Film ‘The Russian Field’ 10. Good morning

ÐÒÐ 8.00 Óðîê âåäåò ïèñàòåëü 8.45 Ìóëüòñåðèàë «Ìàóãëè» 9.05 Ñåðèàë «Ìàê è Ìàòëè» 9.30 Ïî âàøèì ïèñüìàì 9.55 «Äâîðåö âåëèêîãî êíÿçÿ Âëàäèìèðà Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷à». Äîê. ôèëüì 10.15 Òîâàðû - ïî÷òîé 10.30 Òåëåñïåêòàêëü «Îäåññêèå ðàññêàçû» 11.00 Âåñòè â îäèííàäöàòü 11.15 Ýêñïîðòëåñ 11.30 Äîáðîå óòðî 11.55 Âðà÷à âûçûâàëè? 12.25 Àíîíèìíûå ñîáåñåäíèêè 12.50 Ìóëüòôèëüì «Âèííè-Ïóõ» 13.00 «Ïîýò â Ðîññèè - áîëüøå ÷åì ïîýò». Å. Åâòóøåíêî 13.25 Ïðîùå ïðîñòîãî 14.00, 20.00, 0.55 Âåñòè 14.20 Ñåðèàë «Ãðåõè» 15.10 Íè÷åãî, êðîìå... 15.25 Äå-ôàêòî 15.50  ìèðå æèâîòíûõ 16.20 Ñâîÿ èãðà 16.45 «Ê-2» ïðåäñòàâëÿåò: «Ñþæåò» 17.40 Àíàòîìèÿ ñîáûòèé 18.05 Ñòàðàÿ êâàðòèðà 19.00 «Êîðîëåâà Ìàðãî». 5-àÿ ñåðèÿ 20.35 Ñóááîòíèé âå÷åð ñ Í. Àíàíèàøâèëè 22.00 Ïîãîäà íà çàâòðà 22.05 Äâîéíîé ïîðòðåò 23.00 Ôèëüì «Íåâèíîâíûé» 1.10 Ïðîãðàììà «À»

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

5 ÊÀÍÀË 10.10 Ñòèëü æèçíè 10.25 Ïî ðåêå ïëûâ¸ò òîïîð 10.55, 12.55, 14.55, 16.55, 19.55 Èíôîðì-Ò 11.10 ×åñòü èìåþ 11.40 Íåïîçíàííîå 12.10 Íàîáóì 12.40 Ñòðàñòè-ìîðäàñòè 13.10 Ôèëüì «Îòöû è äåäû» 14.30 Ìóëüòôèëüì «Õðàáðûé Ïàê» 15.10 Ïî âñåé Ðîññèè 15.25 Ìóëüòôèëüì «Ñ÷àñòëèâûé ïðèíö» 15.45 Òåàòðàëüíàÿ ïðîâèíöèÿ? 16.10 Ñïîðòèâíîå îáîçðåíèå 16.25 Ïàðàäîêñû èñòîðèè 17.10 Àíòîëîãèÿ êîðîòêîãî ðàññêàçà 17.35 Äåòñêîå ÒÂ. «Ñêàçêà çà ñêàçêîé» 18.05 Ïîõóëèãàíèì 18.35 Ïîêàçûâàåò ËÎÒ 19.40 Áîëüøîé ôåñòèâàëü 20.20 Ôèëüì «Ëþáîâü ïîä âîïðîñîì» 21.55 Ñâåòñêàÿ õðîíèêà 22.10 Áëåô-êëóá 22.50 Êðóãîâîðîò 23.05 Õîêêåé. ÑÊÀ - «Äèíàìî» (Ìîñêâà) 23.45 Ïàðàä ïàðàäîâ

Chapter 10

ÎÐÒ 8.00 «Åðàëàø» 8.20 Ôèëüì «Ôîêóñíèê» 9.40 Äîìàøíÿÿ áèáëèîòåêà 10.00, 15.00 Íîâîñòè 10.15 Ñëîâî ïàñòûðÿ: Ìåòðîïîëèò Êèðèëë 10.30 Íå çåâàé! 11.00 Óòðåííÿÿ ïî÷òà 11.35 Ñìàê 11.55 «Âîçâðàùåíèå Òðåòüÿêîâêè». Ôèëüì 2-îé 12.30 Ïîä çíàêîì «Ïè» 13.00 Ôèëüì «×åð¸ìóøêè» 14.30 Îêíî â Åâðîïó 15.20 «Âîçâðàùåíèå íà îñòðîâ ñîêðîâèù». 3-üÿ ñåðèÿ 16.15  ìèðå æèâîòíûõ. Í. Äðîçäîâ 16.55 Ôóòáîë. «Çåíèò» (ÑÏá) «Ðîòîð» (Âîëãîãðàä)  ïåðåðûâå - Íîâîñòè 18.55 Ôèëüì «Ðóññêîå ïîëå» 20.45 Ñïîêîéíîé íî÷è, ìàëûøè! 21.00 Âðåìÿ 21.40 Ñåðèàë «Âüåòíàì äî âîñòðåáîâàíèÿ» 22.40 Ç. Ãåðäò â ïðîãðàììå Ý. Ðÿçàíîâà 23.20 Áðýéí-ðèíã 0.05 Ìàñòåð-ðàëëè-96 0.25 Ôèëüì «Ðàçîðâàííûé çàíàâåñ»

The parade of parades Good night, kids! Cartoon film ‘The Happy Prince’ Film ‘Fathers and Grandfathers’ The paradoxes of history Tomorrow’s weather The morning post Tea club Sports review New York, New York

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Ask your partner when different programmes begin, based on the examples given in the exercise above. Then reverse the roles. You will need to use the phrase Âî ñêóëüêî (or â êîòóðîì ÷àñå) íà÷èíáåòñÿ __________________? A new ab initio Russian course

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Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following text and indicate with arrows which TV programmes Oleg’s family watches. The first one is done for you. ×òî ìû ñì óòðèì ïî òåëåâ¿çîðó

Îëüã êáæäûé âü÷åð ñìóòðèò òåëåâ¿çîð. Îí çàíèìáåòñÿ ñïóðòîì è íèêîãäá íå ïðîïóñêáåò ñïîðò¿âíûå ïðîãðáììû. Îí âñåãäá ñìóòðèò ìáò÷è ïî ôóòáóëó è õîêêüþ. À â÷åðá îí ñìîòðüë ÷åìïèîíáò ì¿ðà «Ôóðìóëà - 1». Åãó ëþá¿ìàÿ ïðîãðáììà - «Ôóòáóëüíîå îáîçðüíèå». Ìáìà Îëüãà ñîâñüì íå èíòåðåñååòñÿ ñïóðòîì. Îíá ëøáèò ñìîòðüòü ìÏëüíûå óïåðû. Îíá âñåãäá ñìóòðèò âñå ñüðèè «Ñàí-Ôðàíö¿ñêî». Ìáìà è áááóøêà êáæäûé âü÷åð ñèä§ò ó òåëåâ¿çîðà è æäóò íà÷áëà èõ ëþá¿ìîãî ñåðèáëà. Ïáïà íå ëøáèò ñåðèáëû. Îí ëøáèò äåòåêò¿âû. Ñåãóäíÿ, íàïðèìüð, îí áåäåò ñìîòðüòü íóâûé îñòðîñþæüòíûé ôèëüì «Íî÷íóé ýêñïðüññ». Ìëáäøàÿ ñåñòðá Îëüãà, Êáòÿ, âñåãäá ñìóòðèò ìóëüòô¿ëüìû è ïåðåäá÷ó äëÿ äåòüé «Ñïîêóéíîé íó÷è, ìàëûø¿!». Ÿ ëþá¿ìûé ìóëüòô¿ëüì «Íó, ïîãîä¿!». À åù¸ îíá çàíèìáåòñÿ òáíöàìè è ìåçûêîé, ïî¢òîìó ñ óäîâóëüñòâèåì ñìóòðèò âñå ìóçûêáëüíûå ïåðåäá÷è.

ìÏëüíûå óïåðû «Íî÷íóé ýêñïðüññ» «Íó, ïîãîä¿!» ñïîðò¿âíûå ïðîãðáììû äåòåêò¿âû ìáò÷è ïî ôóòáóëó è õîêêüþ ìóëüòô¿ëüìû «Ñïîêóéíîé íó÷è, ìàëûø¿!» ÷åìïèîíáò ì¿ðà «Ôóðìóëà - 1» ñåðèáëû «Ôóòáóëüíîå îáîçðüíèå»

Îëüã Êáòÿ ìáìà ïáïà áááóøêà

êáæäûé íèêîãäá (íå) ïðîïóñêáòü (I) ìàò÷ ïî (+ dat) ÷åìïèîíáò ì¿ðà ôóòáóëüíîå îáîçðüíèå ñîâñüì íå ñüðèÿ ñèäüòü æäàòü (æäó, æä¸øü, æäóò) (+ gen)

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every never to miss … match world championship football review not at all serial, series to sit to wait (for)

íà÷áëî «Íî÷íóé ýêñïðüññ» ìëáäøàÿ ñåñòðá

the start Night Express younger/youngest sister ïåðåäá÷à äëÿ äåòüé children’s programme ñïîêóéíîé íó÷è, ìàëûø¿! Good night, kids! ëþá¿ìûé favourite «Íó, ïîãîä¿!» Just You Wait! çàíèìáòüñÿ òáíöàìè to go dancing ïî¢òîìó thus, that’s why

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 10

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner (i) whether he/she takes part in the following sports, and (ii) whether he/she enjoys them, then reverse the roles. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Matñh up the sports person in the left-hand column with the appropriate sport in the right-hand column, as illustrated. Then say what each sports person does, using çàíèìàòüñÿ (+ instr). âåëîñèïåä¿ñò áîêñ¸ð àòëüò ôåõòîâáëüùèê ãèìíáñò ïëîâüö ãðåáüö ñòðåëüö ïðûãåí â âóäó ãðüáëÿ âóäíûå ëÏæè áåã ë¸ãêàÿ àòëüêòèêà ñüðôèíã

rowing water skiing running track (athletics) surfing

A new ab initio Russian course

ë¸ãêàÿ àòëüòèêà áîêñ âåëîñïóðò ïðûæê¿ â âóäó ôåõòîâáíèå ãèìíáñòèêà ñòðåëüáá ïëáâàíèå ãðüáëÿ àìåðèêáíñêèé ôóòáóë âåëîñïóðò ïðûæê¿ â âóäó ôåõòîâáíèå ñòðåëüáá

American football cycling diving fencing shooting

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Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. Using the table below ask your partner how many games a team has won, draw or lost in the Russian Football League, based on the model below.  - dÏbuhfnm Win Í - csuhánm dybxmø Draw Ï - ghjbuhánm Lose - Ñêóëüêî ìáò÷åé âÏèãðàëà/ïðîèãðáëà/ñûãðáëà âíè÷üø êîìáíäà «Ñïàðò áê»? - Êîìáíäà «Ñïàðòáê» âÏèãðàëà 22 ìáò÷à, ñûãðáëà âíè÷üø 6 ìáò÷åé, ïðîèãðáëà 6 ìáò÷åé. Note: the form ìáò÷åé is used with the following numerals: 5-20, 25-30, 35-40, etc. Èòîãîâàÿ òàáëèöà ÷åìïèîíàòà Ðîññèè ïî ôóòáîëó - 96 Â Í 1. ÑÏÀÐÒÀÊ 22 6 2. ÀËÀÍÈß 21 9 3. ÐÎÒÎÐ 21 7 4. ÄÈÍÀÌÎ 20 7 5. ÖÑÊÀ 20 6 6. ËÎÊÎÌÎÒÈ (Ì) 15 10 7. ÁÀËÒÈÊÀ 12 10 8. ËÎÊÎÌÎÒÈ (ÍÍ) 13 6 9. ÊÐÛËÜß ÑÎÂÅÒΠ12 9 10. ÇÅÍÈÒ 13 4 11. ÐÎÑÒÅËÜÌÀØ 11 8 12. ÒÎÐÏÅÄÎ 10 11 13. ×ÅÐÍÎÌÎÐÅÖ 11 6 14. ÊÀÌÀÇ 10 6 15. ÆÅÌ×ÓÆÈÍÀ 10 6 16. ÓÐÀËÌÀØ 8 9 17. ÒÅÊÑÒÈËÜÙÈÊ 4 12 18. ËÀÄÀ

4

6

Ï 6 4 6 7 8 9 12 15 13 17 15 13 17 18 18 17 18 24

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading The following page is taken from a brochure for Russian football fans travelling to the European Championships. Answer the questions below in English. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 180

What was the name of the tourist company organizing the trip? In which country were the championships taking place? When and where did Russia play Italy? When and where did the final take place? What is the Russian for ‘semi final’? How long was Tour 1 for? Where did Tour 1 fly to and from? What meals were provided in the tours? What excursions did Tour 2 offer? How much did Tour 2 cost, using a 3 star hotel? S azov (Russian from Scratch )

11 èþíÿ Ëèâåðïóëü Ðîññèÿ - Èòàëèÿ

×ÅÌÏÈÎÍÀÒ ÅÂÐÎÏÛ ÏÎ ÔÓÒÁÎËÓ Â ÀÍÃËÈÈ

16 èþíÿ Ìàí÷åñòåð Ðîññèÿ - Ãåðìàíèÿ

ÂÍÈÌÀÍÈÅ!!! Ëþáèòåëè ôóòáîëà,

19 èþíÿ Ëèâåðïóëü Ðîññèÿ - ×åõèÿ

ñïåöèàëüíî äëÿ Âàñ

26 èþíÿ Ëîíäîí, ñòàäèîí Óýìáëè ïîëóôèíàë

òóðôèðìà «Ðóññêàÿ ÿðìàðêà» ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò âîçìîæíîñòü ñòàòü ó÷àñòíèêîì ãðóïïû áîëåëüùèêîâ

30 èþíÿ Ëîíäîí, ñòàäèîí Óýìáëè ôèíàë

ÒÓÐ 1 ñ 9 ïî 20 èþíÿ 12 äíåé/11 íî÷åé

ÒÓÐ 2 ñ 25 èþíÿ ïî 2 èþëÿ 8 äíåé/7 íî÷åé

Ìàí÷åñòåð è Ëèâåðïóëü - çäåñü áóäåò

Ëîíäîí - çäåñü íà ñòàäèîíå Óýìáëè ñîñòîèòñÿ îäíà èç ïîëóôèíàëüíûõ èãð è ôèíàë!

èãðàòü ñáîðíàÿ Ðîññèè â ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûõ ìàò÷àõ.

Òóð âêëþ÷àåò: - àâèàïåðåëåòû: Ìîñêâà - Ìàí÷åñòåð, Ìàí÷åñòåð - Ìîñêâà; - äâóõìåñòíûé íîìåð â îòåëå ***, *****; - ïèòàíèå: çàâòðàêè, óæèíû; - ïðîåçä: èç àýðîïîðòà â îòåëü èç îòåëÿ â àýðîïîðò; - áèëåòû íà ìàò÷è: Ðîññèÿ - Èòàëèÿ, Ðîññèÿ - Ãåðìàíèÿ, Ðîññèÿ - ×åõèÿ; - ïðîåçä; èç îòåëÿ íà ñòàäèîí, ñî ñòàäèîíà â îòåëü; - îáçîðíûå ýêñêóðñèè ïî Ìàí÷åñòåðó è Ëèâåðïóëþ; - ðóññêîãîâîðÿùåãî ñîïðîâîæäàþùåãî; - âèçó Öåíà òóðà: 3050$, îòåëü *** 3910$, îòåëü *****

A new ab initio Russian course

Chapter 10

ÌÀÒ×È, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÂÛ ÑÌÎÆÅÒÅ ÓÂÈÄÅÒÜ!

Òóð âêëþ÷àåò: - àâèàïåðåëåòû: Ìîñêâà - Ëîíäîí, Ëîíäîí - Ìîñêâà; - äâóõìåñòíûé íîìåð â îòåëå ***, ****, *****; - ïèòàíèå: çàâòðàêè, óæèíû; - ïðîåçä: èç àýðîïîðòà â îòåëü èç îòåëÿ â àýðîïîðò; - áèëåòû íà ìàò÷è: ïîëóôèíàë, ôèíàë; - ïðîåçä;

èç îòåëÿ íà ñòàäèîí, ñî ñòàäèîíà â îòåëü; - îáçîðíóþ ýêñêóðñèþ ïî Ëîíäîíó; - ýêñêóðñèè â Âèíäçîð è Õýìïòîí Êîðòè - ðóññêîãîâîðÿùåãî ñîïðîâîæäàþùåãî; - âèçó Öåíà òóðà: 3575$, îòåëü *** 4050$, îòåëü *** 4385$, îòåëü *****

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Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Answer the following questions which will almost certainty require a negative response! THE DOUBLE NEGATIVE

never - íèêîãäá (íå); nowhere (location) - íèãäü (íå); nowhere (movement) - íèêóäá (íå); nobody - íèêòó (íå); nothing - íè÷åãó (íå) Note that the particle íå is always used before a verb; e.g. cåãóäíÿ â ü÷åðîì ÿ íèêóäá íå üäó - I am not going anywhere this evening.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Êîãäá âû â ïîñëüäíèé ðàç áÏëè íà Ëóíü? Êòî èç âàñ ëøáèò çàíèìáòüñÿ ðåññêîé ãðàììáòèêîé? Êóäá âû õóäèòå â òðè ÷àñá íó÷è? Ãäå âû ïîáûâáëè âî Âëàäèâîñòóêå? ×òî âû çíáåòå îá áòîìíîé ô¿çèêå?

GRAMMAR GENITIVE SINGULAR OF ADJECTIVES

You already know that the adjective always agrees with the noun in number (singular or plural), gender (m, f, n) and case. The adjective endings for the Genitive singular are as follows: (m, f, n) -îãî (hard)/-åãî (soft) (pronounced -îâà and -åâà, respectively) -îé (hard) and -åé (soft)

Masculine/Neuter: Feminine:

Note the spelling rule: unstressed -î cannot follow æ, ÷, ø, ù, and is replaced by -å; e.g. ó íàñ íåò ãîðÿ÷åé âîäû - we don’t have hot water

Nominative Masculine/Neuter

íóâûé/-îå ìîëîäóé/-îå ñ¿íèé/-åå õîðóøèé/-åå â ïîñëüäíèé ðàç êòî èç âàñ ...?

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Feminine

íóâàÿ ìîëîäáÿ ñ¿íÿÿ õîðóøàÿ

last time who of you …?

Genitive Masculine/Neuter

íóâîãî ìîëîäóãî ñ¿íåãî õîðóøåãî

áòîìíàÿ ô¿çèêà

Feminine

í óâîé ìîëîäóé ñ¿íåé õîðóøåé

atomic physics

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the following sentences (using the Genitive case after a negative verb). The first one is done for you. Chapter 10

1. ß íå ïóìíþ (òàêáÿ ïëîõáÿ) ïîãóäû. ß íå ïóìíþ òàêóé ïëîõóé ïîãóäû. 2. Ìû íå ëøáèì (íóâûé) ïðåïîäàâáòåëÿ. ______________________________________________. 3. ß íèêîãäá íå â¿äåë (׸ðíîå) ìóðÿ. ______________________________________________. 4. ß íå ÷èòáëà (â÷åðáøíÿÿ) ãàçüòû. ______________________________________________. 5. Îí¿ íå çíáþò (íèêàêóé èíîñòðáííûé) ñòóäüíòà. ______________________________________________. 6. Ì¿øà íå õó÷åò (ñëáäêîå) §áëîêà. ______________________________________________. Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the nouns and adjectives into the Genitive case. Ìû ïîøë¿ íà ðÏíîê è êóï¿ëè íåìíóãî (ñë¿âî÷íîå ìáñëî), (ìîëîäáÿ êàðòóøêà), (çåë¸íûé ëóê), (ñâüæåå ìîëîêó) è (æ¿ðíàÿ ñìåòáíà). Ïîòóì ìû âñïóìíèëè, ÷òî íå êóï¿ëè (áüëûé õëåá) è (äåðåâüíñêèé òâóðîã). Âüðà ñêàçáëà, ÷òî îíá áû õîòüëà âÏïèòü (ò¸ïëîå ìîëîêó) ¿ëè (êðüïêèé ÷àé)*. Íî Âáñÿ ïðåäëîæ¿ë âÏïèòü (÷¸ðíûé êóôå). ß ñêàçáëà, ÷òî íå ëþáëø ïèòü êóôå áåç ìîëîêá è ðåø¿ëà âÏïèòü ñòàêáí (àïåëüñ¿íîâûé ñîê). * The Genitive case is also used with food and drink to denote ‘some’.

â÷åðáøíèé íèêàêóé ðÏíîê ñëáäêèé §áëîêî ìû ïîøë¿ ñë¿âî÷íîå ìáñëî ìîëîäáÿ êàðòóøêà æ¿ðíàÿ ñìåòáíà çåë¸íûé ëóê ñâüæåå ìîëîêó âñïóìíèòü (II)

yesterday’s not a single, no market sweet apple we went butter new potatoes full fat sour cream green onions fresh milk to recall

A new ab initio Russian course

áüëûé õëåá äåðåâüíñêèé òâóðîã (îíá) ñêàçáëà (îíá) áû õîòüëà ò¸ïëîå ìîëîêó êðüïêèé ÷àé ïðåäëîæ¿òü (II) âÏïèòü (I) ÷¸ðíûé êóôå ðåø¿òü (II) ñòàêáí àïåëüñ¿íîâûé ñîê

white bread country cheese she said she would like warm milk strong tea to offer, propose to drink (up) black coffee to decide a glass orange

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Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following sentences into Russian using the prepositions provided in the boxes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

This is a present from my younger sister [ îò ]. We play football near the new stadium [ óêîëî ]. He does not live here, he is from a different town [ èç ]. We are beginning from chapter ten (= the tenth chapter) [ ñ ]. This is an article from yesterday’s paper [ èç ]. They live by the beautiful blue sea [ ó ]. The church is situated opposite the old school [ íàïðóòèâ ]. It is a textbook for the new (female) student [ äëÿ ]. We bought a new wetsuit for scuba diving [ äëÿ ]. I returned from [ èç ] the student library without the required book [ áåç ].

INSTRUMENTAL PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES

The adjectives endings for the Instrumental plural are as follows: Masculine/Neuter/Feminine:

-ûìè (hard), -èìè (soft).

Note the spelling rule: -û cannot follow ã, æ, ê, ÷, õ, ø, ù, and is replaced by -è: ÿ èíòåðåñóþñü ðåäêèìè ìàðêàìè - I am interested in rare stamps

All genders Nominative íóâûå ìîëîäÏå ñ¿íèå õîðóøèå

Instrumental íóâûìè ìîëîäÏìè ñ¿íèìè õîðóøèìè

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps using the adjectives given in brackets in the Instrumental plural. 1. Ìàòü áûëá ó÷åíü äîâóëüíà __________ (îòë¿÷íûå) îöüíêàìè ñÏíà. 2. Îëüã óâëåêáåòñÿ __________ (êîìïüøòåðíûå) ¿ãðàìè. 3. Èííà çàíèìáåòñÿ _________ (ðáçíûå) â¿äàìè ñïóðòà. ïîäáðîê äðóãóé ñòàòü§ öüðêîâü (f) ó÷üáíèê

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present different article church textbook

íåæíûé êîñòøì ïîäâóäíîå ïëáâàíèå ÿ âåðíåëñÿ / âåðíåëàñü ñòóäüí÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòüêà

required (wet)suit scuba diving I returned student library S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 10

4. ß ó÷åíü èíòåðåñåþñü ________ (îëèìï¿éñêèå) ¿ãðàìè. 5. Íáøè èíæåíüðû ðàáóòàþò íàä _________ (íóâûå) ïðîüêòàìè. 6. Íáøà ó÷¿òåëüíèöà ó÷åíü èíòåðåñååòñÿ _________ (ýêçîò¿÷åñêèå) ðàñòüíèÿìè è _________ (ä¿êèå) æèâóòíûìè. 7. Äüâî÷êè íáøåãî êëáññà çàíèìáþòñÿ _______ (ááëüíûå) òáíöàìè, à ìáëü÷èêè óâëåêáþòñÿ ________ (êîìïüøòåðíûå) øáõìàòàìè. 8. šíãëèÿ ñëáâèòñÿ ñâî¿ìè _________ (êðàñ¿âûå) ñàäáìè. Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following sentences and put the words in brackets into the Accusative or the Instrumental case, as appropriate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

šííà çàíèìáåòñÿ (ãèìíáñòèêà). ϸòð ëøáèò (ñîâðåìüííàÿ ïî¢çèÿ). Ñåðãüé çàíèìáåòñÿ (ïîäâóäíîå ïëáâàíèå). Èâáí óâëåêáåòñÿ (øáõìàòû). Íàòáøà èíòåðåñååòñÿ (àíãë¿éñêàÿ ëèòåðàòåðà). Ìî¿ äðóçü§ óâëåêáþòñÿ (òÿæ¸ëàÿ àòëüòèêà). THE MUTUAL PRONOUN ÄÐÓà ÄÐÓÃ-À/-Ó/-ÎÌ/-Å

There is no Nominative form of this pronoun and only the second element declines. Uses with verbs alone

Acc Gen Dat Instr

îí¿ çíáþò äðóã äðåãà - they know each other îí¿ áî§òñÿ äðóã äðåãà - they are afraid of each other îí¿ ïîìîãáþò äðóã äðåãó - they help each other îí¿ ãîðä§òñÿ äðóã äðåãîì - they are proud of each other

Uses with prepositions

Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ìû ñìóòðèì äðóã íà äðåãà - we are looking at each other ìû ïîëó÷áåì ï¿ñüìà äðóã îò äðåãà - we receive letters from each other ìû ñîñêå÷èëèñü äðóã ïî äðåãó - we missed each other ìû ðàçãîâáðèâàåì äðóã ñ äðåãîì - we talk to each other ìû äåìàåì äðóã î äðåãå - we think about each other

äîâóëåí / äîâóëüíà (+ instr) îòë¿÷íûé îöüíêà â¿äû ñïóðòà ðàáóòàòü (I) íàä (+ instr) ïðîüêò ä¿êèé

A new ab initio Russian course

content (with) excellent mark sports to work on plan, project wild

æèâóòíîå ðàñòüíèå (ááëüíûå) òáíöû ñëáâèòüñÿ (II) (+ instr) îëèìï¿éñêèå ¿ãðû òÿæ¸ëàÿ àòëüòèêà

animal plant (ballroom) dancing to be renowned for Olympic games weight-lifting

185

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Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Complete the dialogues, using the mutual pronoun äð óã äðåãà in the appropriate cases. 1. - Òû åù¸ äðåæèøü ñ šíåé? - Äà, ìû ëøáèì _________ _________. 2. - Âáëÿ è Êóëÿ çíàêóìû? - Äà îí¿ äàâíó çíáþò ________ _________. 3. - Òû ÷áñòî ï¿øåøü ï¿ñüìà Ìàð¿è Èâáíîâíå? - Íå ó÷åíü, íî èíîãäá ìû ï¿øåì ________ ________. 4. - Âüðà è Êóëÿ ó÷åíü ÷áñòî ïîñûëáþò ïîñÏëêè è ï¿ñüìà ________ ________? - Äà, îí¿ ïóìíÿò ________ ________è ó÷åíü õîðîøó îòíóñÿòñÿ ________ ê ____________. 5. - Äüòè, íå ñåðä¿òåñü _________ íà _________. - Íî Ñáøà íå äà¸ò ìíå èãðåøêó! 6. - Òû áûë â÷åðá íà êîíöüðòå ðîê-ãðåïïû «Ìàø¿íà âðüìåíè»? - Äà. ÁÏëî ó÷åíü ìíóãî çð¿òåëåé, ëøäè ïî÷ò¿ ñèäüëè ________ íà ________. - ß òóæå òàì áûë. Æàëü, ÷òî ìû íå â¿äåëè ________ ________.

USEFUL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ÄÐÓà ÄÐÓà … äðóæ¿òü ïåðåï¿ñûâàòüñÿ çäîðóâàòüñÿ âñòðå÷áòüñÿ äðóã ñ äðåãîì ññóðèòüñÿ ãîâîð¿òü ðàçãîâáðèâàòü

to be friends to correspond to say hello to meet to quarrel to speak to talk

ñåðä¿òüñÿ íàäüÿòüñÿ ñìîòðüòü

ãîâîð¿òü áåñïîêóèòüñÿ äðóã î äðåãå ìå÷òáòü

to talk to be worried to dream

ëþá¿òü âñïîìèíáòü óâàæáòü ïóìíèòü íåíàâ¿äåòü ñëÏøàòü ñëåøàòü

to love to recall to respect to remember to hate to hear to listen

äàâáòü ïèñáòü çâîí¿òü ïîñûëáòü ïåðåäàâáòü ïîìîãáòü

to give to write to phone to send to hand over to help

äðóã äðåãà

äðóæ¿òü (II) ñ (+ instr) ïîñûëáòü (I) ïîñÏëêà îòíîñ¿òüñÿ (II) ê (+ dat) ñåðä¿òüñÿ (II) íà (+ acc)

186

to be friends with to send parcel to relate to, think of, get on with to be angry at

äðóã íà äðåãà

äðóã äðåãó

to be angry to rely on to look at

«Ìàø¿íà âðüìåíè» ìíóãî çð¿òåëåé

Time Machine lots of concert goers, a big audience ëøäè people ïî÷ò¿ almost ñèäüòü (ñèæå, ñèä¿øü) to be sitting S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 10

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing In chapter 10 you have met the phrase äüëî â òîì, ÷òî (the fact is that), which is one of many expressions based on the construction òî, ÷òî (that which, the thing which, what, the fact that); e.g. òî, ÷òî íåæíî (what is necessary) and îí óçíáë òî, ÷òî åìå íáäî (he found out what he needed to know). Similar constructions are òîò, êòî (someone who, the person who) and òå, êòî (those who, people who); e.g. òîò, êòî äåìàåò, ÷òî ... (someone who thinks that …) and òå, êòî ìåí§ çíáåò (those who know me). Use one of these phrases, as appropriate, in the following sentences. 1. Ó ñòóäüíòà ñïðîñ¿ëè î Áåòõóâåíå, íî îí íè÷åãó íå îòâüòèë. ______________ îí óâëåêáåòñÿ ïîï-ìåçûêîé, à íå êëàññ¿÷åñêîé. 2. - ×òî šííà Ïåòðóâíà êóï¿ëà íà ðÏíêå? - šííà Ïåòðóâíà êóï¿ëà ______________ íåæíî äëÿ îáüäà. 3. Èâàíóâ ìíóãî ðàññêáçûâàë î Êåáå. ______________ îí òàì íåä áâíî ïîáûâáë. 4. - Êòî èä¸ò íà ñòàäèóí? - Íà ñòàäèóí èäåò ______________ óâëåêáþòñÿ ôóòáóëîì. 5. - ×òî òåáü íðáâèòñÿ â ýòîé ðîê-ãðåïïå? - Ìíå íðáâèòñÿ______________ ó íèõ îðèãèí áëüíàÿ ìåçûêà. 6. _______________ æèâ¸ò â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáåðãå îáÏ÷íî áîëüåò çà Çåí¿ò.

´ ÍÈ×ÒÎ, ´ ÍÈÊÀÊÎÉ ´ NEGATIVE PRONOUNS ÍÈÊÒÎ, The negative pronouns and adverbs are formed by adding íè- to the following pronouns and adverbs: êòî, ÷òî, êàêóé, ãäå, êóäá, îòêåäà (from where), êîãäá, êàê. êòî? ÷òî? êàêóé? ãäå? êóäá? îòêåäà? êîãäá? êàê?

íèêòó íè÷òó íèêàêóé íèãäü íèêóäá íèîòêåäà íèêîãäá íèêáê

no one, nobody nothing not any, no nowhere (location) nowhere (direction) from nowhere never by no means, in no way

Íèêàêóé (not a single, no) follows the normal adjective declension. Íèêòó and íè÷òó decline as follows: Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ñïðîñ¿òü (II) ó (+ gen) îòâüòèòü (II) A new ab initio Russian course

íèêòó íèêîãó íèêîãó íèêîìå íèêüì íè î êîì

to ask s.one to reply, answer

íè÷òó íè÷åãó íè÷åãó íè÷åìó íè÷üì íè î ÷¸ì

íåäáâíî îðèãèíáëüíûé

recently original

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Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

DOUBLE NEGATIVES

Remember: when these negative pronouns are used with the verb they are always accompanied by another negative. Without prepositions íèêòó íå îòâüòèë íà ìîé çâîíóê - no one answered my call íèêîãó íå áûëî äóìà - there was no one at home îí íè÷üì íå èíòåðåñååòñÿ - he is not interested in anything ó ìåí§ íåò íèêàê¿õ êíèã - I do not have any books ÿ íè÷åãó íå çíáþ îá ¢òîì - I do not know anything about it ÿ íå çàíèìáþñü íèêàê¿ì ñïóðòîì - I do not take part in any sport With prepositions ÿ íè ñ êåì íå ïåðåï¿ñûâàþñü - I do not correspond with anybody îí íè î êîì íå äåìàåò - he is not thinking about anyone Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Use the pronoun in brackets in the appropriate form. Note that it will not change in every sentence. 1. ß (íèêòó) íå çíáþ. 2. (Íèêòó) íåò äóìà. 3. Îí (íèêòó) íå îòâå÷áåò. 4. ß íå õî÷å (íèêòó) ïèñáòü. 5. ß (íè÷òó) íå ïîíèìáþ. 6. ß (íè÷òó) íå óâëåêáþñü. 7. Îí íèêîãäá (íè÷òó) íå ñïðáøèâàåò. 8. Îíá íå çíáåò (íèêàê¿å) èíîñòðáííûõ ÿçûêóâ. 9. Ó ìåí§ íåò (íèêàê¿å) õóááè. 10. ß íå èíòåðåñåþñü (íèêàê¿å) â¿äàìè ñïóðòà. 11. ß (íèãäü) íå ìîãå íàéò¿ ¢òó êí¿ãó. 12. ß (íèêóäá) íå èäå ñåãóäíÿ âü÷åðîì. Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps with negative pronouns and adverbs. Ìíå ___________ íå íðáâèòñÿ, è ÿ ___________ ñ ___________ íå äðóæ å. ß íå ëþáëø âûõîä¿òü èç äóìà è ïî¢òîìó ___________ íå õîæå. Ìáìà ÷áñòî ìåí§ ñïðáøèâàåò, ïî÷åìå ñî ìíîé ___________ íå äð åæèò, è ïáïà äåìàåò, ÷òî ÿ ___________ íå èíòåðåñ åþñü. Îí¿ ___________ íå ì óãóò ïîí§òü, ÷òî ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòáþ áûòü îäíá. íàéò¿ (íàéäå, íàéä¸øü) âûõîä¿òü (II) èç äóìà ìî÷ü (ìîãå, ìóæåøü, ìóãóò)

188

to find to leave the house to be able (to)

ïîí§òü (ïîéìå, ïîéì¸øü) áûòü îä¿í/îäíá

to understand to be alone

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

õîä¿òü ÿ õîæå òû õóäèøü îí/îíá õóäèò ìû õóäèì âû õóäèòå îí¿ õóäÿò

üçäèòü ÿ üçæó òû üçäèøü (ïåøêóì) ìû üçäèì âû üçäèòå îí¿ üçäÿò

(íà àâòóáóñå) (íà òðîëëüéáóñå) îí/îíá üçäèò (íà ìåòðó) (íà ìàø¿íå) (íà òàêñ¿) (íà ïóåçäå)

Chapter 10

THE MULTIDIRECTIONAL VERBS OF MOTION ÕÎÄÈÒÜ (TO GO [ON FOOT]) AND ÅÇÄÈÒÜ (TO GO [BY TRANSPORT])

The multidirectional verbs õîä¿òü and üçäèòü are used to express the following types of action: 1. to denote habitual or repeated movement (frequently with purpose) and non-occurrence or irregular occurrence (sometimes accompanied by such words as ÷áñòî, îáÏ÷íî, ðüäêî, êáæäûé äåíü, ðåãóë§ðíî and íèêîãäá), as well as more generalized action: ìî§ ñåñòðá óæü õóäèò â øêóëó - my sister already goes to school ÿ ÷áñòî õîæå â êèíó - I often go to the cinema ìû ðüäêî üçäèì çà ãðàí¿öó - we rarely go abroad îí¿ õîä¿ëè â ãóðîä ïî ñóááóòàì - they used go to town on Saturdays âû îáÏ÷íî üçäèòå íà ׸ðíîå ìóðå? - do you usually go to the Black Sea? ðáíüøå ìû íèêîãäá íå õîä¿ëè â áàññüéí - we never used to go to the swimming pool

2. to denote movement there and back in the past (where it can be assumed that a return journey has taken place): â÷åðá ìû õîä¿ëè â êèíó - yesterday we went to the cinema âû üçäèëè âî Ôðáíöèþ ëüòîì? - did you go to France in the summer?

3. to denote movement in more than one direction (frequently without a special purpose): îíá õîä¿ëà ïî ïáðêó - she walked around the park óñåíüþ ÿ ëþáëø õîä¿òü ïî ëüñó - in the autumn I like to walk through the woods â ïðóøëîì ãîäå ìû üçäèëè ïî Çîëîòóìó êîëüöå - last year we went around the Golden Circle

4. to denote physical ability or permission to do something:

ðåá¸íîê íá÷àë õîä¿òü - the child began to walk ïóñëå îïåðáöèè âàì íåëüç§ õîä¿òü - you are not allowed to walk after the operation

A new ab initio Russian course

189

Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps with the appropriate forms of verbs ( õîä¿òü or üçäèòü). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Â÷åðá Òóëÿ __________ â ïîõóä. Íáøà ñåìü§ âñåãäá __________ íà äá÷ó â âûõîäíÏå äíè. Ìî§ áááóøêà ñëîìáëà íóãó è íå ìóæåò __________. Êáæäûé ãîä îí¿ __________ íà þã. Äüòè Ïåòðá Èâáíîâè÷à __________ â øêóëó, à ñûí Ìàð¿è Ñåðãåüâíû _________ â äüòñêèé ñàä. 6. Ëüòîì ìû ÷áñòî _________ íà ìàø¿íå â äåðüâíþ. 7. __________ ïåøêóì - ó÷åíü ïîëüçíî äëÿ çäîðóâüÿ. 8. Êáæäûé äåíü ¿êà __________ íà àâòóáóñå â óíèâåðñèòüò, à å¸ áðàò _________ íà ðàáóòó íà ìåòðó. 9. Ñáøà ÷áñòî __________ çà ãðàí¿öó. 10.  ïðóøëîì ãîäå ìû _________ âî Ôðáíöèþ. Activity Twenty-Eight - Äâàäöàòü âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Change the sentences below based on the following model. Choose õîä¿òü or üçäèòü as appropriate: Ëüíà åòðîì áûëá â çîîïáðêå. Ëüíà åòðîì õîä¿ëà â çîîïáðê. 1. ¡ííà Ñåðãüåâíà ëüòîì áûëá íà ׸ðíîì ìóðå. _________________________________________________________________.

2. Èâáí Èâáíîâè÷ óæü áûë â àïòüêå. _________________________________________________________________.

3. Ìàêñ¿ì äí¸ì áûë â èíñòèòåòå, à âü÷åðîì áûë íà äá÷å, îí âåðíåëñÿ äîìóé â 10 ÷àñóâ âü÷åðà. ____________________________________________________________________.

4. - Ãäå òû áûë? - ß áûë â áèáëèîòüêå. _________________________________________________________________. 5. Ðáíüøå Ñáøà áûâáë â ñïîðò¿âíîì ëáãåðå êáæäîå ëüòî. _________________________________________________________________.

6. Äâà ãóäà íàçáä ìû áÏëè â Ðîññ¿è. _________________________________________________________________.

7. Â÷åðá âü÷åðîì Íàòáøà áûëá ó ïîäðåãè. _________________________________________________________________.

ñëîìáòü (I) íóãó ïîëüçíî äëÿ çäîðóâüÿ

190

to break one’s leg good for one’s health

àïòüêà ñïîðò¿âíûé ëáãåðü

chemist, pharmacist sports camp S azov (Russian from Scratch )

EXPRESSING ‘WRONG’ IN RUSSIAN

íå òàê íå òîò/òà/òî/òå íå òóäá íå òàêóé/òàêáÿ/òàêóå/òàê¿å

Chapter 10

The words below all mean ‘wrong(-ly)’.

Activity Twenty-Nine - Äâàäöàòü äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the sentences below into Russian using the following examples to help you. Âû ¢òî äüëàåòå íå òàê. Âû âç§ëè íå òó êí¿ãó. Âû íå òóäá èä¸òå. ß ïðîñ¿ëà òå᧠êóï¿òü ÷¸ðíûé ïîðòôüëü, à òû êóï¿ë íå òàêóé, êàê ÿ õîòüëà. 1. 2. 3. 4.

He always does it wrong. She is listening to the wrong CD. They are going (in the) wrong (direction). You bought the wrong (type of) cigarettes.

Òû íå òóäá èä¸øü!

A new ab initio Russian course

191

Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà

192

Õîêêüé

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 11

Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER ELEVEN - ÎÄÈÍÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ HEALTH - ÇÄÎÐÎÂÜÅ In Chapter Eleven you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to say how you feel to call an ambulance to make an appointment with a doctor to give and seek advice

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

the dative singular of adjectives the dative plural of nouns the dative plural of adjectives verbs of the type ÷óâñòâîâàòü diminutive nouns

Note: from Chapter Eleven onwards, stress marks are only included for the purpose of emphasis. Y ou will have to get used to coping without stress marks, since they are not normally used in written Russian.

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading Give the meaning and grammatical form of the following words which relate to health and medicine. Fill in your answers in the table below. The first one is done for you. The answers are provided in the comprehensive vocabulary list at the end of the book. fkkthubz fynb,bjnbr

allergy (m noun, sing.)

fggtylbwbn fcnvf ,hjy[bn dbnfvby bvveyyfz cbcntvf jgthfwbz ntvgthfnehf ýgbltvbz

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading The following is a dialogue between two neighbours who are discussing family health problems. Read the text and answer the questions below in English. Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Plhfdcndeqnt^ Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf& Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - Lj,hsq ltym^ Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf& Lfdyj dfc yt dbltkf& Rfr ltkf$ 194

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 11

Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Yt jxtym [jhjij& D ýnjv ujle vs dct xfcnj ,jkttv% b ltnb^ b ve;^ b vfvf^ b z& Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - Lf^ ctqxfc vyjubt ;fke.ncz* yf pljhjdmt& Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Pbvjq^ rjulf ,skf ýgbltvbz uhbggf^ vs dct gtht,jktkb& F rfr e dfc ltkf$ Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - Ytn^ vs yt ,jktkb uhbggjv& Yj vs dc. pbve ghbybvfkb dbnfvbys^ xnj,s erhtgbnm bvveyye. cbcntve& Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Vs nj;t gbkb dbnfvbys^ yj dc/ hfdyj pf,jktkb uhbggjv& Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - Z yt vjue crfpfnm^ xnj e yfc ytn ghj,ktv cj pljhjdmtv& E vjtq ljxthb fkkthubz yf jht[b^ f e vkflituj csyf fcnvf& Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Lf^ ctqxfc vyjubt k.lb ,jkt.n fcnvjq b fkkthubtq^ jcj,tyyj ltnb& Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - F rfr xedcndetn ct,z dfif vfnm$ Jyf dtlm e;t jxtym gj;bkfz ;tyobyf& Ufkbyf Dfcbkmtdyf - Lf^ tq ctvmltczn ltdznm ktn& Ytlfdyj jyf ,jktkf ,hjy[bnjv& E yt/ ,skf dscjrfz ntvgthfnehf b cbkmysq rfitkm& Tq ye;yj ,skj ghbybvfnm fynb,bjnbrb& Ctqxfc tq ujhfplj kexit& F rfr dfi ve;$ Z cksifkf^ xnj jy ,sk d ,jkmybwt& Vfhbyf <jhbcjdyf - Lf^ ldf vtczwf yfpfl tve cltkfkb jgthfwb.& E ytuj ,sk fggtylbwbn^ yj ctqxfc jy xedcndetn ct,z [jhjij& * All verbs of this type have suffix -îâà/-åâà replaced by -e- in all personal forms; e.g. ;fkjdfnmcz - z ;fke.cm^ ns ;fketimcz^ jy ;fketncz^ vs ;fketvcz^ ds ;fketntcm^ jyb ;fke.ncz&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

What common winter illness is mentioned? What did Marina Borisovna’s family take during the winter and why? What particular problems do Marina Borisovna’s son and daughter have? How old is Galina Vasilevna’s mother? What illness did she suffer from recently? What symptoms did she show? What treatment did she take? How does she feel now? What happened to Marina Borisovna’s husband? When did it happen?

,jktnm (I) (+ instr) to be ill (with) ;fkjdfnmcz / gj;fkjdfnmcz (III)* yf (+ acc) to complain about ýgbltvbz epidemic ãhbgg flu gtht,jktnm (I) (+ instr) to recover (from) ghbybvfnm (I) / ghbyznm dbnfvbys to take vitamins erhtgkznm (I) / erhtgbnm (II) (+ acc) to boost bvveyyfz cbcntvf immune system pf,jktdfnm (I) / pf,jktnm (I) (+ instr) to fall ill (with) fkkthubz yf (+ acc) allergy to jht[ nut A new ab initio Russian course

fcnvf xedcndjdfnm (III)* ct,z gj;bkjq ytlfdyj ,hjy[bn cbkmysq rfitkm (m) fynb,bjnbr ujhfplj kexit ,jkmybwf jgthfwbz fggtylbwbn

asthma to feel elderly recently bronchitis bad cough antibiotic(s) much better hospital operation appendicitis

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Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Look at the picture, then answer the following questions. 1. What is the Russian equivalent of ‘ambulance’? 2. What Russian telephone number is used to summon this vehicle?

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading Read the dialogue below and indicate whether the sentences are True (Ï) or False (Í). Where appropriate, correct the sentences in English. The first one is done for you. Crjhfz gjvjom Ljxm

- Vfvf^ rfr [jhjij^ xnj ns ghbikf&
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Grandmother feels very well She has a high temperature and heart trouble They phone the family doctor Their address is ulitsa Chekhova, block 5, flat 9 Grandmother is 72 years old The doctor will arrive in 30 minutes

xnj c &&&$ (+ instr) cthlwt dspsdfnm (I) / dspdfnm (+ acc) crjhsq gjvjom (f)

196

what’s the matter with ...? heart to call fast help

Í

No, she feels very unwell

ghbvbnt dspjd pfgbcfnm ,jkm (f) ,jkmyjq/,jkmyfz d ntxtybt (+ gen)

(could you) take a call to note down pain patient within

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 11

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Look at the pictures below and ask your partner what is wrong with each person. Then change roles and answer your partner ’s questions. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

The Russian equivalent of the English phrase ‘What is wrong with you/him/her/them?’ is Xnj e nt,z/dfc/ytuj/ yt//yb[ ,jkbn$ which translates roughly as ‘What is hurting you/him/her/them?’. To reply to this question simply use the following construction: e vtyz/ytuj/yt//yb[ ,jkbn (sing) / ,jkzn (pl) + nom (e.g. e vtyz ,jkbn ujkjdf - I have a headache)

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Reading/Writing Listen to the dialogue twice and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below. V fn m B uj h m V fn m B uj h m V fn m B uj h m Vfnm

-

Bujhm Vfnm

-

Bujhm^ gjxtve ns nfrjq ,ktlysq$ Z gkj[j ct,z _____________& F xnj e nt,z ,jkbn$ E vtyz jxtym ,jkbn _____________& Nt,t ye;yj_____________ r pe,yjve * dhfxe& Lf^ z e;t pfgbcfkcz r _____________ yf _____________ xfcjd& Yf _____________$ Nt,t to/ ljkuj ;lfnm& Dsgtq gjrf nf,ktnre fyfkmubyf^ _____________ ,eltn vtymit _____________& E _____________ ytn fyfkmubyf& Z ctqxfc c[j;e d fgntre& Gjlj;lb^ z c[j;e r yfitq* yjdjq* _____________ b cghjie^ vj;tn ,snm^ e _____________ tcnm fyfkmuby&

* The adjectives pe,yjq^ yjdfz and the pronoun yfif are used in the Dative case. The Dative singular of adjectives and pronouns is very simple to form. For masculine and neuter just remove the Nominative endings -ûé/-îé^ -îå and add ending -îìó& If the stem of an adjective or a pronoun ends with æ, ÷, ø, ù, remove -èé^ -åå and add the ending -åìó% bpdtcnysq/pe,yjq dhfx ,jkmyjt ujhkj

r bpdtcnyîìó/pe,yîìó dhfxe r ,jkmyîìó ujhke

[jhjibq dhfx [jhjitt gbcmvj

r [jhjiåìó dhfxe r [jhjiåìó gbcmve

For feminine adjectives remove - àÿ (or soft -ÿÿ) and add -îé (or soft -åé): yjdfz cjctlrf

r yjdîé cjctlrt

cbyzz nf,ktnrf

r cbyåé nf,ktnrt

If the stem of a feminine pronoun ends with -ù then remove -à and add -åé; e.g. yfif cjctlrf - r yfiåé cjctlrt (for more details on pronouns see Chapter 13). ujkjdf ukfp(á) ujhkj e[j (eib) yjuá (yóub) herá (hårb) ,ktlysq

head eye(s) throat ear(s) leg(s), foot arm, hand pale

A new ab initio Russian course

pe, pe,yjq dhfx pfgbcsdfnmcz (I) / pfgbcfnmcz r (+ dat) dsgtq gjrf nf,ktnre fyfkmuby gjlj;lb (imperative) z cghjie

tooth dentist to make an appoinment with for the time being take a tablet common painkiller in Russia hang on, wait I’ll ask

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Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below. Choose the appropriate name for each ‘doctor’ from the vocabulary list at the bottom of the page. Fill in the correct name above each picture then complete the sentences beneath the pictures. The first one is done for you. Ýnj pe,yjq dhfx&

Ýnj

Jy pfgbcfkcz r pe,yjve dhfxe&

Ýnj

Ýnj

Jyf pfgbcfkfcm r

Jyb pfgbcfkbcm r

ukfpyjq dhfx ltncrbq dhfx

198

Jyf pfgbcfkfcm r

eye surgeon pediatrician

dtnthbyfhysq dhfx

veterinary surgeon

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You will need to know the Russian for ‘on Mondays etc.’ - gj + Dative (pl). The Dative plural ending for all nouns is -àì (hard) /-ÿì (soft). Simply add -àì/-ÿì to masculine nouns; e.g. gjytltkmybr - gj gjytltkmybrfv^ ltym - gj lyzv& With feminine and neuter nouns remove the final vowel and add -àì/-ÿì; e.g. chtlf - gj chtlàì^ djcrhtctymt - gj djcrhtctymÿì.

Chapter 11

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays the role of B, then reverse the roles. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

 ðåãèñòðàòóðå* - At the reception desk A (patient)

Greet the receptionist. Say you would like to make an appointment with an eye surgeon. Say you would like to make an appointment for Wednesday. Say that you work on Wednesday mornings and would prefer an appointment in the afternoon. Say that Friday is OK. Say you would like it at 3 p.m. Give the required details.

B (receptionist)

Give an appropriate reply. Say that the eye surgeon sees patients (ïàöèåíòîâ) only on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Ask the patient when he/she would like an appointment. Say that on Wednesdays the doctor sees patients in the morning. Ask at what time the patient would like an appointment. Say that the doctor sees patients in the afternoon on Fridays only. Ask what time on Friday. Confirm that it is OK and ask the patient’s surname and first name. Say: “Here is your appointment card”. Repeat all details of the appointment.

* Russians go to ‘polyclinics’ - gjkbrkbybrb. They differ from British health centres in that both GPs and specialists work in them. If you wish to see a specialist the general receptionist will make an appoinment directly with the specialist concerned without the need for an initial consultation with the GP. The patient is given an appointment card (nfkjy) with the name of the specialist and the date and time of the appointment.

Ó âðà÷à - At the doctor’s A (doctor)

Greet the patient and invite him/her to sit down. Ask what is wrong with the patient. Ask if the patient has a temperature. Say it is necessary to take his/her temperature now. Say that the patient has a high temperature - 37.5. Say you have to examine his/her stomach and ask the patient to lie down. Ask if it hurts on the right side. Say that you think the patient has appendicitis.

B (patient)

Reply appropriately. Say you have a bad stomach ache. Say that yesterday evening it was 37.4*. Agree to this suggestion. Say that you thought so because you are hot. Express your agreement. Reply that it hurts very much. Say that you thought as much.

* a) 37.4 = nhblwfnm ctvm b xtnsht b) in Russia doctors usually take a patient’s temperature by placing the thermometer under his/her armpit. ghbybvfnm (I) / ghbyznm (+ acc) yf (+ acc) chtle cflbcm / cflbntcm (imperative) ;bdjn bpvthznm (I) / bpvthbnm (II) (+ acc) gjdsityysq A new ab initio Russian course

to see (patients) for Wednesday sit down stomach to take (temperature) high (literally: raised)

vyt ;fhrj (gj-)oegfnm (I) (+ acc) kzu(nt) (imperative) ,jkmyj cghfdf z nfr b levfk(f)

I am hot to examine (by touching) lie down it hurts on the right (side) I thought as much

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Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the advertisement below from a Russian magazine for a brand of medicine and answer the following questions in English. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

Pljhjdmt ltntq - cgjrjqcndbt hjlbntktq Rfr hfljcnyj dbltnm cdjtuj ht,/yrf pljhjdsv! F xnj ltkfnm^ tckb vfksie ytpljhjdbncz$ Vj;tn ,snm^ e ytuj ht;encz pe,s$ Bkb gjlyzkfcm ntvgthfnehf$ Yf ýnjn ckexfq dctulf [jhjij bvtnm gjl herjq yfl/;yjt ktrfhcndj& Dfitve ht,/yre gjvj;tn Gfyfljk <ý,b ýyl Byafyn& Ýnj ýaatrnbdyjt b ,tpjgfcyjt chtlcndj hfphf,jnfyj cgtwbfkmyj lkz ltntq& Ghbybvfz ckflrjt^ c rke,ybxysv drecjv ktrfhcndj^ Dfi ht,/yjr yt ,eltn rfghbpybxfnm& Vfksie chfpe cnfytn ktuxt& Jlj,htyj Vbybcnthcndjv plhfdjj[hfytybz Hjccbb&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

For which age group is the medicine recommended? What two conditions are mentioned for which the medicine may be beneficial? Which three qualities is the medicine said to have? What is the name of the medicine? How is the taste of the medicine disguised? What immediate effect is it said to have on the patient? Given that the word «j[hfyf» means ‘protection’ try to work out the meaning of the phrase «Vbybcnthcndj plhfdjj[hfytybz». Write down in the table below three phrases in which a noun is used in the Dative case.

Now complete the rules: 1. 2.

The Dative case is used to express ____________________________________. The Dative case is used with the verb ‘to help’ (__________________ in Russian).

cgjrjqcndbt hfljcnyj pljhjdsq vfksi ytpljhjdbnmcz (+ dat) (ghj-)htpfnmcz gjlyzkfcm ntvgthfnehf?

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peace of mind joyful(ly) healthy little one to feel unwell to teethe has his/her temperature risen?

íà ýòîò ñëó÷àé bvtnm gjl herjq yfl/;ysq ktrfhcndj gjvjufnm (I) / gjvjxm (+ dat) ýaatrnbdysq ,tpjgfcysq chtlcndj hfphf,jnfyj

in such a case to have at hand reliable medicine to help effective safe remedy developed

cgtwbfkmyj ïðèíèìàÿ êëóáíè÷íûé (adj.) âêóñ yt ,eltn rfghbpybxfnm (I) cnfytn ktuxt (+ dat) jlj,htyj (+ instr)

specially (by) taking strawberry taste (he/she) will not play up will become easier (here: get better) approved (by)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1.

Chapter 11

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Look at the pictures below and say how people feel. Write down your answers beneath the pictures. The first one is done for you.

Vfhbz Bdfyjdyf b <jhbc Gtnhjdbx Vfhbb Bdfyjdyt b <jhbce Gtnhjdbxe [jkjlyj

[jkjlyj

2&

Yfnfif b Vfrcbv ______________________ ______________________ crexyj

3&

Nfnmzyf ______________________ ______________________ gkj[j

4&

Cthutq ______________________ ______________________ ;fhrj

A new ab initio Russian course

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5&

Rjn Vehpbr ______________________ ______________________ k.,jgsnyj

6&

Fynjy ______________________ ______________________ ,jkmyj

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the doctor’s advice on keeping healthy and try to match each of the suggestions with one of the pictures given below. Xnj,s ,snm pljhjdsv xtkjdtrjv^ ye;yj yt rehbnm^ tcnm vyjuj jdjotq b ahernjd^ htuekzhyj pfybvfnmcz cgjhnjv^ yt gbnm fkrjujkmyst yfgbnrb b yt tcnm vyjuj ;bhys[ b ckflrb[ ghjlernjd&

202

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Cjdtn dhfxf Jlyf;ls r dhfxe ghbi/k jlby xtkjdtr& Dhfx dybvfntkmyj jcvjnhtk tuj b crfpfk% - Ktrfhcndj dfv yt gjvj;tn& Dfv ye;yj [jhjij jnlj[yenm& Gjtp;fqnt yf vtczw d lthtdy.^ cgfnm kj;bntcm hfyj^ gtqnt vjkjrj^ vyjuj uekzqnt b rehbnt njkmrj jlye cbufhtne d ltym& - Z cltkf. dc/^ rfr ds vyt cjdtnetnt^ ljrnjh^ - crfpfk ,jkmyjq b ei/k& Xthtp vtczw jy jgznm ghbi/k r dhfxe& - Ye^ rfr ltkf$ Rfr dfit pljhjdmt$ - cghjcbk tuj dhfx& - Ctqxfc z xedcnde. ct,z kexit^ - jndtnbk xtkjdtr& - Z [jhjij jnlj[yek& Kj;bkcz cgfnm hfyj^ gbk vjkjrj^ vyjuj uekzk& Yj vyt nhelyj ,skj rehbnm& Hfymit z ybrjulf yt rehbk& go on holiday do not smoke have plenty of sleep

do not drink take lots of walks

smoke only one cigarette a day

Chapter 11

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening /Reading Read and listen to the recording of the text ‘Doctor’s advice’, which is a commonly cited piece in Russian language textbooks, and tick in the table below what the patient was advised to do. Then read the text again and translate it into English.

drink plenty of milk

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. You are at the doctor ’s complaining about general tiredness and the doctor questions you on your lifestyle and gives advice. Read through the text and, where appropriate, translate the information given in English. D h fx - Lj,hsq ltym! Cflbntcm^ gj;fkeqcnf& Yf xnj ds ;fketntcm$ Gfwbtyn - Say hello to the doctor. Explain that you often have a headache and sleep badly. D h fx - Ask if there are any problems at home or at work. Gfwbtyn - Ytn^ ljvf b yf hf,jnt e vtyz dc/ d gjhzlrt& D h fx - Vj;tn ,snm^ ds jxtym vyjuj hf,jnftnt$ Gfwbtyn - Say that you often work a lot and sometimes even on Sundays. D h fx - Z levf.^ xnj dfv ye;yj [jhjitymrj jnlj[yenm& Gjtp;fqnt d jngecr d lthtdy. bkb yf vjht& Gfwbtyn - Say that you have just been on holiday but still feel unwell. D h fx - Ask whether the patient smokes and drinks coffee and alcohol. Gfwbtyn - Lf^ z reh. b jxtym k.,k. rjat^ yj z jxtym htlrj gm. fkrjujkmyst yfgbnrb& cjdtn ghbi/k dybvfntkmyj jcvjnhtnm (II) gjtp;fqnt (imperative) kj;bnmcz cgfnm cgfnm (cgk.^ cgbim^ cgzn) hfyj A new ab initio Russian course

piece of advice came carefully to examine go to go to bed to sleep early

gtq(nt) (imperative) z cltkf. dc/^ rfr jgznm cghjcbnm (II) jndtnbnm (II) vyt nhelyj ,skj [jhjitymrj

drink I will do everything as again to ask to answer I found it difficult properly, well and truly

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D h fx Gfwbtyn D h fx

-

Gfwbtyn

-

Crjkmrj cbufhtn d ltym ds rehbnt b crjkmrj rjat ds gm/nt$ Say you smoke 35 cigarettes a day and drink 4 cups of coffee. Tell your patient to smoke only one cigarette a day and drink two cups of coffee. Also say that it is necessary to work less, to walk a lot, to take vitamins and to eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. Cgfcb,j^ z cltkf. dc/^ rfr ds vyt cjdtnetnt^ ljrnjh&

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen twice to the tape and write down in Russian in each box what the problem is and which of the suggestions is the most appropriate. The first one is done for you in full and the others have also been partially completed. Vfhbyf Cfif Vb[fbk Fyyf <jhbcjdyf Yfnfif G/nh Bdfyjdbx Cthutq K.lf Ds

E yt/ ,jkbn ujkjdf& Tq ye;yj dsgbnm fyfkmuby&

E ytuj ,jkbn _________& Tve ye;yj ____________________.

E ytuj ,jkbn _________& Tve ye;yj ____________________. Jyf ___________& Tq ye;yj __________________________.

Jyf ___________________& Tq ye;yj ___________________. E ytuj ,jkbn _________& Tve ye;yj ____________________.

E ytuj ,jkbn _________& Tve ye;yj ____________________.

E yt/ ,jkbn __________& Tq ye;yj ________________________& E dfc ,jkbn _________& Dfv ye;yj _____________________.

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the tape again and write down in English what other actions have been suggested for each person. Vfhbyf Cfif Vb[fbk Fyyf <jhbcjdyf Yfnfif G/nh Bdfyjdbx Cthutq K.lf Ds

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GRAMMAR Chapter 11

THE DATIVE SINGULAR OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectival endings in the Dative singular are as follows: Masculine/Neuter: -îìó (hard) / -åìó (soft) Feminine: -îé (hard) / -åé (soft)

m

hard

yjdsq

Nominative f

n

yjdfz yjdjt

m cbybq

soft f

n

cbyzz cbytt

m

hard f

yjdîìó yjdîé

Dative n yjdîìó

m cbyåìó

soft

f

n

cbyåé

cbyåìó

End-stressed adjectives (ujke,óq) in the Dative case decline like yjdsq& Note: according to the spelling rule unstressed o is replaced by e after æ, ÷, ù, ù; e.g. masculine Dative - r ,jkmiîìó ljve^ but r [jhjiåìó ljve.

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the nouns, adjectives and pronouns in brackets into the Dative case. 1& E vtyz jxtym ,jkbn pe,^ (z) ye;yj pfgbcfnmcz r (pe,yjq dhfx)& 2& Ctujlyz (vkflibq ,hfn) 10 ktn& 3& R (heccrbq xfq) j,sxyj gjlf.n dfhtymt^ v/l b lheubt ckfljcnb [sweets]& 4& Vs t[fkb gj (,jkmifz [jhjifz ljhjuf)& 5& (Vs) ye;yj dspdfnm «Crjhe.», (yfif ,f,eirf) jxtym gkj[j& 6& (Yjdsq cjctl) e;t 75 ktn^ yj jy to/ hf,jnftn b buhftn d ntyybc gj ce,,jnfv& 7& (Vkflifz ljxm)^ yfdthyjt^ jxtym crexyj yf rjywthnt^ dtlm jyf yt k.,bn rkfccbxtcre. vepsre& 8& Vjz cj,frf jxtym gkj[j tcn^ (vs) ye;yj pfgbcfnmcz r (dtnthbyfhysq dhfx)& 9& Dhfx cjdtnetn (,jkmyjq) yt rehbnm& 10& Ctujlyz (cnfhibq csy) ujhfplj kexit^ e ytuj ytn ntvgthfnehs b rfikz& 11& Z ble d fgntre regbnm ktrfhcndj (yfif vfvf)& THE DATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS

The Dative plural of nouns is very simple. Irrespective of gender, the endings are -àì (for nouns with a hard stem-ending with a consonant, -à or -j) and -ÿì (for nouns with a soft stem-ending with -ü^ -ÿ^ -å and -é). gender Nom sing Dat pl

hard m dhfx dhfxàì

f gznybwf gznybwàì

n jryj jryàì

m gjhnatkm gjhnatkÿì

soft

f

n/nz n/nÿì

n gjkt gjkÿì

Note: those nouns which have -üÿ in the Nominative plural (,hfn üÿ^ csyjd üÿ^ cnek üÿ) have -üÿì in the Dative plural (,hfnüÿì^ csyjd üÿì^ cneküÿì).

A new ab initio Russian course

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Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the notice showing the opening times at the doctor ’s surgery and write down the answers for the questions given below. XFCS GHB?VF gjytltkmybr c 8&00 x& lj 19&00 x& dnjhybr c 9&00 x& lj 20&00 x& chtlf c 9&00 x& lj 21&00 x& xtndthu c 7&30 x& lj 18&30 x& gznybwf c 8&00 x& lj 19&00 x& ce,,jnf ytn ghb/vf djcrhtctymt ytn ghb/vf 1& Gj rfrbv lyzv dhfx ghbybvftn c 8&00 xfcjd lj 19&00 xfcjd$ (c djcmvb lj ltdznyflwfnb xfcjd)*

2& Gj rfrbv lyzv dhfx ghbybvftn lj 21 xfcf$ (lj ldflwfnb jlyjuj xfcf)

3& Gj rfrbv lyzv dhfx ghbybvftn c 9 xfcjd$ (c ltdznb xfcjd)

4& Gj rfrbv lyzv dhfx ghbybvftn lj 18&30 xfcjd$ (lj djctvyflwfnb nhblwfnb xfcjd)

5& Gj rfrbv lyzv dhfx yt ghbybvftn$

* The numbers are written out for you in the Genitive case. You will meet the oblique cases of numbers in Chapter 16.

THE DATIVE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectival endings in the Dative plural are as follows: Masculine/Feminine/Neuter: -ûì (hard) /-èì (soft) hard (yjdsq /-jt /-fz) yjdûì xfcs ghb/vf

206

surgery hours

(cbybq /-tt /-zz) gj rfrbv lyzv &&&$

soft cbyèì on which days ...? S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ljrnjh Fq,jkbn (R& Xerjdcrbq) F hzljv ,tutvjnbrb* C[dfnbkbcm pf ;bdjnbrb* E yb[^ e ,tutvjnbrjd^ :bdjnbrb ,jkzn& B nen ;t cnhfeczn f** Dbp;fn^ rfr gjhj cznf^ F[^ ;fkrj^ ;fkrj^ ;fkrj
Chapter 11

Activity Seventeen Ctvyflwfnjt pflfybt Listening/Reading/Speaking Listen to and read the following extract from a poem about a vet by the Russian children’s poet K. Chukovsky. Then listen again and repeat the poem. When you have completed the first task see if you can spot any nouns and adjectives which are used in the Dative plural in the last five lines.

The baby hippopotamuses sitting nearby Are holding their tummies They, the baby hippos, Have tummy ache. Next to them Some baby ostriches are squealing like piglets, How sad, sad, sad For the poor ostriches! They have measels and diphtheria, Smallpox and bronchitis, They have headaches and sore throats. And next to them A sharp-toothed shark is dozing, The sharp-toothed shark Is dozing in the sun. And her little ones, Poor baby sharks, Have, for twelve days, Had toothache! For ten days and nights Doctor Itsaching has not been eating, drinking or sleeping, For ten nights in a row He has been treating poor baby animals. And taking, taking their temperatures. He also hurries to help some stripey baby tigers And some poor, sick, humped Baby camels. He gives them all a drink made of eggs and sugar.

Diminutive nouns There are five so-called diminutive nouns (marked with asterisks) in the poem above. They are mainly used in colloquial speech to indicate various emotional nuances and can be formed by the addition of a special suffix: * i) The diminutive suffix -èê (never stressed) is usually affixed to the stems of masculine nouns to indicate smallness; e.g. ,tutvjn - ,tutvjnbr (small/baby hippo), pe, - pe,br (little tooth), ljv ljvbr (small house); or to express emotional nuances such as affection, scorn or irony; e.g. ;bdjn ;bdjnbr (tummy), dpukzl (look) - dpukzlbr (withering look); ii) the diminutive suf fix -ûøêj is affixed to the stems of neuter nouns and also indicates smallness or expresses emotional nuances; e.g. ujhkj - ujhksirj (poor little throat), cjkywt (sun) - cjkysirj (as a term of endearment for the sun). The other most commonly used diminutive suffixes are given in the table on the following page. A new ab initio Russian course

207

masculine

Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

-jr/-/r (always stressed) /-tr/-xbr ujhjl - ujhjljr (small town) cnfhbr - cnfhbxjr (little old man) xfq - xf/r (nice cup of tea) pfvjr (lock) - pfvjxtr (tiny lock)

feminine

neuter

-bxrf/-rf/-jymrf/-tymrf ctcnhf - ctcnhbxrf (dear little sister) kbcf (fox) - kbcbxrf (small fox) gnbwf (bird) - gnbxrf (birdie) ljxm - ljxtymrf (dear daughter) ctcnhf - ctcnh/yrf (-//-) (dear little sister)

-brj/-rj/-wj/-wt kbwj (face) - kbxbrj (dear little face) zqwj - zbxrj (small egg) gbcmvj - gbcmvtwj (short letter) pthrfkj - pthrfkmwt (small mirror)

** The suffix -ÿò(a) (or -àò(a) after æ, ø, ÷) is usually used to indicate baby animals and birds; e.g. rjnznf (kittens), otyznf (puppies), enznf (ducklings), rhjkmxfnf (baby rabbits), djkxfnf (wolf cubs), vsifnf (baby mice).

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the nouns, pronouns and adjectives in brackets into the Dative plural. 1& Ctujlyz djcrhtctymt^ b (vjb hjlbntkb) yt ye;yj blnb yf hf,jne& 2& R (heccrbt gtkmvtyb) dctulf gjlf.n cvtnfye bkb vfckj& 3& Gj (dnjhybrb b djcrhtctymz) vs buhftv d ntyybc^ f gj (chtls b gznybws) [jlbv d ,fcctqy& 4& (Vjb vkflibt c/cnhs b ,hfnmz) crexyj^ gjnjve xnj (jyb) ytkmpz ckeifnm vepsre% ,f,eirf ,jkttn& 5& Ctujlyz r (yfib cjctlb) ghb[jlbk dhfx^ yfdthyjt^ Rjkz jgznm pf,jktk& THE -ÎÂÀÒÜ/-ÅÂÀÒÜ VERBS 1.

All verbs of this type have the suffix - îâà or -åâà (after stems ending with -x and -w) replaced by -ó in all personal forms:

÷óâñòâîâàòü z xedcnde. ns xedcndetim jy/jyf/jyj xedcndetn

vs xedcndetv ds xedcndetnt jyb xedcnde.n

2.

All verbs of this type have fixed stress, either on the suffix or the root of the infinitive. In either case, the stress remains in the same position in all personal forms.

3.

All verbs of this type are first conjugation, but are referred to in this course as type III verbs. You have to pay particular attention to the vowel preceding -âà-, as there are a number of verbs in Russian containing vowels other than -j/-t&

Note: a) if this first vowel is -j/-t, the whole suffix is replaced by -e- (followed by personal endings); e.g.

æàëîâàòüñÿ / òàíöåâàòü z ;fke.cm / nfywe. ns ;fketimcz / nfywetim jy/jyf/jyj ;fketncz / nfywetn

208

vs ;fketvcz / nfywetv ds ;fketntcm / nfywetnt jyb ;fke.ncz / nfywe.n

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

b) if this first vowel is -à-, the suffix -âà- is dropped, and the personal endings are added to -à-; e.g.

z là. ns là/im jy/jyf/jyj là/n

vs là/v ds là/nt jyb là.n

c) if this first vowel is -û-/-è-, the whole suffix remains in all personal forms; e.g.

Chapter 11

äàâàòü

ðàçãîâàðèâàòü / çàïèñûâàòü z hfpujdfhèâà. / pfgbcûâà. ns hfpujdfhèâàtim / pfgbcûâàtim jy/jyf/jyj hfpujdfhèâàtn / pfgbcûâàtn

A new ab initio Russian course

vs hfpujdfhèâàtv / pfgbcûâàtv ds hfpujdfhèâàtnt / pfgbcûâàtnt jyb hfpujdfhèâà.n / pfgbcûâà.n

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210

Advertisement for the sore throat remedy Sebedin

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 12

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER TWELVE - ÄÂÅÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ EDUCATION - ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ In Chapter Twelve you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3.

to understand school and university timetables to fill in and interpret forms relating to education to express precise time using dates and years

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3.

the genitive case with dates the prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives the genitive plural of nouns and adjectives

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading Nina Gamelgaard is a Danish student who is studying Russian (as a foreign language) and Linguistics at a Russian University. Look at her timetable below and answer the questions on the following page. 1 2 3 4

G J Y T L T K M Y B R bcnjhbz [I] bcnjhbz [I] cbynfrcbc cbynfrcbc

1 2 3 4

X T N D T H U hfpujdjhyfz htxm hfpujdjhyfz htxm felbhjdfybt felbhjdfybt

5 6

gthtdjl gthtdjl

5 6

cjdhtvtyysq heccrbq zpsr cjdhtvtyysq heccrbq zpsr

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

D N J H Y B R fyfkbp ntrcnf fyfkbp ntrcnf ctvfynbrf ctvfynbrf cnhfyjdtltybt cnhfyjdtltybt C H T L F ghfuvfnbrf ghfuvfnbrf uhfvvfnbrf uhfvvfnbrf bcnjhbz [II] bcnjhbz [II]

cbynfrcbc gthtdjl fyfkbp ntrcnf ctvfynbrf

212

syntax translation textual analysis semantics

cnhfyjdtltybt hfpujdjhyfz htxm ghfuvfnbrf felbhjdfybt

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

G Z N Y B W F kbnthfnehf [I] kbnthfnehf [I] bcnjhbz heccrjuj zpsrf bcnjhbz heccrjuj zpsrf cnbkbcnbrf cnbkbcnbrf C E < < J N F kbnthfnehf [II] kbnthfnehf [II]

background (country) studies spoken language pragmatics listening (comprehension)

cjdhtvtyysq kbnthfnehf bcnjhbz heccrjuj zpsrf cnbkbcnbrf

modern literature history of Russian stylistics

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Rjulf e yt/ ctvfynbrf$ E yt/ ctvfynbrf dj dnjhybr& Rjulf e yt/ bcnjhbz$ Rjulf e yt/ uhfvvfnbrf$ Rjulf e yt/ kbnthfnehf$ Rjulf e yt/ cnbkbcnbrf$ Rfrbt ghtlvtns e yt/ d ce,,jne$ D ce,,jne e yt/ Rfrbt ghtlvtns e yt/ d chtle$ Rfrbt ghtlvtns e yt/ d gznybwe$ Rfrbt ghtlvtns e yt/ d xtndthu$ Rfrbt ghtlvtns e yt/ dj dnjhybr$

Chapter 12

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. One of you asks questions about Nina’s timetable (such as «Rjulf e nt,z &&&$» or «Rfrbt ghtlvtns e nt,z d &&&$») and the other replies as if you were Nina Gamelgaard. When you have asked five questions, reverse the roles. Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Pairwork. First, you should run through the following questions on student life with your partner, then you should write a brief description of student life. Ult ns exbimcz$ Z execm d Dekmdth[tvgnjycrjv eybdthcbntnt& Yf rfrjv rehct ns exbimcz$ (Yf rfrjv ns rehct$) Z yf gthdjv/dnjhjv/nhtnmtv rehct&

Where do you go to university? (literally: Where do you study?) I go to (i.e. study at) the University of Wolverhampton.

Which year are you in? (literally: On which course are you?) I am in my first/second/third year.

Crjkmrj ktn #Rfr ljkuj ns pltcm exbimcz$ Z pltcm execm &&& jlby vtczw^ ldf/nhb/ xtnsht vtczwf^ gznm > jlbyyflwfnm vtczwtd &&& jlby ujl^ gjknjhf/ldf/nhb/xtnsht ujlf^ gznm > jlbyyflwfnm ktn&

How many years / How long have you been (studying) here? I’ve been here ... one month, two/three/ four months, five > eleven months ... one year, one and a half/two/three/four years, five > eleven years.

Rfrbt ghtlvtns ns bpexftim$ Xnj ns exbim d eybdthcbntnt$ Z bpexf./exe &&& (+ acc)

Which subects do you study? What do you study at university? I study ...

Rfrbt e nt,z pfyznbz d gjytltkmybr#dj dnjhybr/d chtle/xtndthu/gznybwe$ D gjytltkmybr/dj dnjhybr e vtyz &&& Crjkmrj ktn ns ,eltim bpexfnm heccrbq zpsr/ahfywepcrbq zpsr/ytvtwrbq zpsr$ Z ,ele bpexfnm heccrbq zpsr jlby ujl^ gjknjhf/ldf/nhb/xtnsht ujlf^ gznm ktn& Rfrjq ndjq k.,bvsq ghtlvtn$ Vjq k.,bvsq ghtlvtn &&& Rfrbt zpsrb (rhjvt heccrjuj) ns bpexftim$ A new ab initio Russian course

What classes do you have on Monday/ Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday? On Monday/on Tuesday I have ...

How many years will you study Russian/ French/German? I will study Russian for one year, two/ three/four years, five years. Which is your favourite subject? My favourite subject is ...

Which languages (apart from Russian) do you study? 213

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Z nfr;t bpexf. bcgfycrbq zpsr/ ahfywepcrbq zpsr/ytvtwrbq zpsr/ bnfkmzycrbq zpsr& Rfrjq zpsr nt,t ,jkmit dctuj yhfdbncz$ Vyt ,jkmit dctuj yhfdbncz &&&

I also study Spanish/French/German/ Italian. Which language do you like most of all? I like ... most of all.

Nt,t yhfdbncz cneltyxtcrfz ;bpym$ Do you like student life? Ytn^ vyt (cjdctv) yt yhfdbncz No, I do not like student life (at all) / cneltyxtcrfz ;bpym / Lf^ vyt (jxtym) Yes, I (very much) like student life. yhfdbncz cneltyxtcrfz ;bpym&

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays the role of B, then reverse the roles. (You should use the informal mode of address in the first dialogue and the ds form in the second dialogue.) A 1. Ask your partner where he/she goes to university. Ask him/her which year he/she is in. Find out what classes he/she has today. Ask him/her what his/her favourite subject is. Ask him/her if he/she likes Russian. Enquire about the other languages he/she studies.

B Reply appropriately.

2. Introduce yourself.

Say that you are pleased to meet him/her and find out what he/she does (e.g. rtv ds hf,jnftnt$). Ask where he/she studies. Ask him/her which subjects he/she studies. Find out if he/she likes student life. Establish whether he/she has to do a lot of studying in the library (e.g. ds vyjuj pfybvftntcm &&&$).

Say that you do not work - you are a student. Reply appropriately. Tell him/her which subjects you study. Tell him/her what you think of student life. Reply appropriately

Give your year of study. Tell him/her what classes you have. State your favourite subject. Reply appropriately. State which other languages you study, if any.

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete Marina’s school timetable on the following page based on the information which she provides below. (Note that the word ehjr is used of lessons in school, while pfyznbt or, of course, ktrwbz is preferred for classes in higher education. The homework, ljvfiytt pflfybt, is already filled in for you.) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

Dnjhjq ehjr d gjytltkmybr - vepsrf& Ctlmvjq b djcmvjq ehjrb d gjytltkmybr - utjuhfabz& Dj dnjhybr e vtyz vfntvfnbrf^ heccrbq zpsr (xtnd/hnsq ehjr)^ htkbubz^ ,bjkjubz b fyukbqcrbq zpsr& Dnjhjq ehjr d chtle - vepsrf& Xtnd/hnsq ehjr d chtle - ljvjdjlcndj& Gjnjv e vtyz ldf ehjrf hbcjdfybz^ kfnbycrbq zpsr b abpbrf& D xtndthu nhtnbq b xtnd/hnsq ehjrb - bcnjhbz& Djcmvjq ehjr - ljvjdjlcndj& D gznybwe gthdsq ehjr - htkbubz^ dnjhjq ehjr - [bvbz^ nhtnbq ehjr heccrbq zpsr b ehjr d jlbyyflwfnm xfcjd - abpbrf& Ldf gjcktlyb[ ehjrf d gznybwe - bcnjhbz& ehjr htkbubz

214

lesson religious studies

ljvjdjlcndj hbcjdfybt

home economics drawing, art

kfnbycrbq zpsr gjcktlybq

Latin last, final

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

IRJKMYJT HFCGBCFYBT VFHBYS ITDXTYRJ

i ii iii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 i ii iii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 i ii iii

L J V F I Y T T

P F L F Y B T

[bvbz heccrbq zpsr bcnjhbz D N J H Y B R vfntvfnbrf vfntvfnbrf

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

,bjkjubz ,bjkjubz fyukbqcrbq zpsr fyukbqcrbq zpsr L J V F I Y T T

P F L F Y B T

htkbubz ,bjkjubz fyukbqcrbq zpsr C H T L F ahfywepcrbq zpsr

kfnbycrbq zpsr P F L F Y B T

vfntvfnbrf kfnbycrbq zpsr utjuhfabz

i ii iii

ahfywepcrbq zpsr ahfywepcrbq zpsr abprekmnehf L J V F I Y T T

P F L F Y B T

abpbrf ahfywepcrbq zpsr G Z N Y B W F

utjuhfabz utjuhfabz

L J V F I Y T T

P F L F Y B T

vfntvfnbrf ahfywepcrbq zpsr C E < < J N F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

bcnjhbz

L J V F I Y T T

i ii iii

X T N D T H U fyukbqcrbq zpsr ljvjdjlcndj

Chapter 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

G J Y T L T K M Y B R ,bjkjubz 1 2 fyukbqcrbq zpsr 3 fyukbqcrbq zpsr 4 heccrbq zpsr 5 heccrbq zpsr 6 7 8

i ii iii

L J V F I Y T T

P F L F Y B T

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. When you have filled in the timetable above, one of you should pretend to be Marina and the other will ask a variety of questions about her timetable (such as - Rjulf e nt,z &&&$, - Rfrjq e nt,z gthdsq ehjr d &&&$, - Rfrbt e nt,z ehjrb d &&&$, and - Rfrjt e nt,z ljvfiytt pflfybt yf (+ acc) &&&$). When you have asked six or seven questions, reverse the roles. irjkmyjt hfcgbcfybt school timetable A new ab initio Russian course

ljvfiytt pflfybt

homework

abprekmnehf

P. E.

215

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Every four or five years an international Russian language competition for schoolchildren (Vt;leyfhjlyfz jkbvgbflf) is held in Moscow. You have been asked to attend as group leader. Fill in the form below as appropriate.

VT:LEYFHJLYFZ FCCJWBFWBZ GHTGJLFDFNTKTQ HECCRJUJ ZPSRF B KBNTHFNEHS

VT:LEYFHJLYFZ JKBVGBFLF IRJKMYBRJD GJ HECCRJVE ZPSRE F Y R T N F H E R J D J L B N T K Z U H E G G S Jhurjvbntn vt;leyfhjlyjq jkbvgbfls irjkmybrjd ghbdtncndetn Dfit exfcnbt d vt;leyfhjlyjq jkbvgbflt irjkmybrjd gj heccrjve zpsre& Ghjcbv pfgjkybnm fyrtne yf heccrjv b fyukbqcrjv zpsrf[ gtxfnysvb ,erdfvb&

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7&

Afvbkbz^ bvz __________________________________________________ Cnhfyf ________________________________________________________ Gjk ___________________________________________________________ Ujl hj;ltybz __________________________________________________ Pdfybt^ ex/yfz cntgtym ___________________________________________ Vtcnj hf,jns^ ljk;yjcnm _______________________________________ Gjkysq flhtc lkz rjhhtcgjyltywbb (yf fyukbqcrjv zpsrt)^ ntktajy f) cke;t,ysq __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ,) ljvfiybq ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ GJLGBCM ___________________________LFNF ________________________ Fyrtne ytj,[jlbvj ghbckfnm lj 1 vfz 1999 u& gj flhtce% Hjccbqcrfz Atlthfwbz^ u& Vjcrdf 117485^ ek& Djkubyf^ ljv 6^ Bycnbnen heccrjuj zpsrf bv& F& C& Geirbyf^ Ctrhtnfhbfn VFGHZK& :TKFTV DFV YJDS{ ECGT{JD D GHTGJLFDFYBB HECCRJUJ ZPSRF!

Jhurjvbntn Jkbvgbfls

vt;leyfhjlysq fccjwbfwbz jkbvgbflf irjkmybr fyrtnf herjdjlbntkm (m) jhurjvbntn ghbdtncndjdfnm exfcnbt ghjcbnm (II)

216

international association olympiad school pupil questionnaire leader organizing committee to welcome participation to ask, request

pfgjkybnm (II) gtxfnyfz ,erdf gjk ujl hj;ltybz pdfybt ex/yfz cntgtym vtcnj hf,jns ljk;yjcnm (f) gjkysq cke;t,ysq/ljvfiybq ntktajy

to fill in printed letter sex, gender year of birth title academic degree place of work position full work/home telephone

gjlgbcm (f) signature lfnf date ytj,[jlbvj (+ dat) must, it is necessary ghbckfnm to send lj (+ gen) before ;tkfnm (I) to wish ecgt[(b) success bv(tyb) (+ gen) named after ctrhtnfhbfn secretariat ghtgjlfdfybt teaching S azov (Russian from Scratch )

- MARKS

The Russian school system uses five grades for assessing schoolchildren, which are recorded in the pupils’ notebook/diary or lytdybr. The marks are as follows: (5) gzn/hrf - jnkbxyj (excellent), (4) xtnd/hrf - [jhjij (good), (3) nhjqrf - eljdktndjhbntkmyj (satisfactory), (2) ldjqrf - yteljdktndjhbntkmyj (unsatisfactory), (1) tlbybwf - jxtym gkj[j (very poor). In practice any mark below 4 is considered disappointing and teachers are very reluctant to give 1 or 2. In some institutes of higher education (deps) the fourth grade disappears, while universities frequently apply just two grades, pfx/n (pass) and ytpfx/n (fail). The term pfx/n means ”test” and is used in the phrases clfnm pfx/n (to pass a test) and vyt gjcnfdbkb pfx/n gj (+ dat) (I was awarded a pass in ...). Other phrases which you might need to know include clfdfnm ýrpfvty (to take an exam), clfnm ýrpfvty (to pass an exam) and, purely theoretically (we hope), yt clfnm ýrpfvty / ghjdfkbnmcz yf ýrpfvtyt (to fail an exam). Note that the majority of the marks in Russia are based on oral assessments rather than on written examinations.

Chapter 12

J W T Y R B (J N V T N R B)

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Participants in the finals of the Russian language Olympiad are required to provide a range of personal information (as listed below). Write a brief description of each of the following pupils, using the vocabulary at the foot of the page, where necessary. 1.

Name: Margaret Stephenson Country: Britain Sex: Female Born: 10th January, 1978* Place of birth: Manchester Year: 12 Time spent studying Russian: 4 yrs Total no. of hours: 200 hrs School: comprehensive Russian teacher(s): Mr J. Bradbury & Mrs N. Krylova

2.

Name: Frank Strassberger Country: Germany Sex: Male Born: 24th October, 1980* Place of birth: Bonn Year: 10 Time spent studying Russian: 3 yrs Total no. of hours: 250 hrs School: grammar school Russian teacher(s): Herr B. Schmidt

3.

Name: Jacqueline Dupont Country: Belgium Sex: Female Born: 15th August, 1979* Place of birth: Brussels Year: 11 Time spent studying Russian: 5 yrs Total no. of hours: 350 hours School: lycée Russian teacher(s): Madame D. Pinot & Monsieur I. Antonov

4.

Name: Tadeusz Kolikovsky Country: Poland Sex: Male Born: 30th April, 1981* Place of birth: Gdansk Year: 9 Time spent studying Russian: 2 yrs Total no. of hours: 280 hrs School: special school Russian teacher(s): Pan K. Mularczyk

* Dates are explained in detail Activity 9. îáùåîáðàçîâàòåëüíàÿ øêîëà comprehensive ãèìíàçèÿ grammar school A new ab initio Russian course

õåðð ëèöåé

Herr lycée

ìàäàì madam ìñüå monsieur

ïàí p a n (‘Mr’) ñïåöøêîëà special school

217

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Using the table below, write down when you and various members of your family were born.

Vjq " " " " " " " " " " " " Vjz " " " " " " " " " " " " Vjb " "

Z ve; ,hfn jntw ltl(eirf) lzlz repty* gktvzyybr csy " " " " " Z ;tyf ctcnhf vfnm ,f,eirf n/nz repbyf* gktvzyybwf ljxm " " " " " ,hfnmz c/cnhs ltnb

hjl¿kcz " " " " " " " " " " " " hjlbkácm " " " " " " " " " " " " " hjlbk¿cm " "

gthdjuj dnjhjuj nhtnmtuj xtnd/hnjuj gznjuj itcnjuj ctlmvjuj djcmvjuj ltdznjuj ltcznjuj jlbyyflwfnjuj ldtyflwfnjuj nhbyflwfnjuj xtnshyflwfnjuj gznyflwfnjuj itcnyflwfnjuj ctvyflwfnjuj djctvyflwfnjuj ltdznyflwfnjuj ldflwfnjuj ldflwfnm gthdjuj ldflwfnm dnjhjuj ldflwfnm nhtnmtuj ldflwfnm xtnd/hnjuj ldflwfnm gznjuj ldflwfnm itcnjuj ldflwfnm ctlmvjuj ldflwfnm djcmvjuj ldflwfnm ltdznjuj nhblwfnjuj nhblwfnm gthdjuj

zydfhz atdhfkz vfhnf fghtkz vfz b.yz b.kz fduecnf ctynz,hz jrnz,hz yjz,hz ltrf,hz

* More commonly, ldj.hjlysq ,hfn and ldj.hjlyfz ctcnhf.

Note that the date (e.g. gznjuj) and the month (e.g. vfz) are both in the Genitive case. If a year is specified, that too takes the Genitive case (e.g. vjq jntw hjlbkcz 10 b.yz^ 1951 u& = ltcznjuj b.yz nsczxf ltdznmcjn gznmltczn gthdjuj ujlf).

on 12th April, 1945 - ldtyflwfnjuj fghtkz nsczxf ltdznmcjn cjhjr gznjuj ujlf on 22nd January, 1950 - ldflwfnm dnjhjuj zydfhz nsczxf ltdznmcjn gznbltcznjuj ujlf on 18th March, 1705 - djctvyflwfnjuj vfhnf nsczxf ctvmcjn gznjuj ujlf on 4th August, 1900 - xtnd/hnjuj fduecnf nsczxf ltdznbcjnjuj ujlf on 30th October, 2000 - nhblwfnjuj jrnz,hz lde[nsczxyjuj ujlf

repty = ldj.hjlysq ,hfn repbyf = ldj.hjlyfz ctcnhf

218

cousin cousin

gktvzyybr gktvzyybwf

nephew niece S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Speaking/Writing Listen twice to the following recording in which a young Russian describes her university course abroad (in German and Spanish) and fill in the missing details in her timetable below. G J Y T L T K M Y B R 1 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter 12

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Interview other students in the group about their date of birth. In each case you should ask the question Rjulf ns hjlbkcz#hjlbkfcm$ (Rfrjuj xbckf (gen) ns hjlbkcz#hjlbkfcm$) (On what date were you born?) and you should jot down the reply which will include the year as well as the date and month.

X T N D T H U 1 2 3 4 5 6

D N J H Y B R 1 2 3 4 5 6

G Z N Y B W F 1 2 3 4 5 6

C H T L F 1 2 3 4 5 6

C E < < J N F 1 2 3 4 5 6

HECCRFZ CBCNTVF J
Formal education in Russia usually begins with the nursery school or kindergarten, ltncrbq cfl, at the age of 3 or 4. Children then move on to basic eleven-year schooling, jlbyyflwfnbktnyzz irjkf or chtlyzz j,otj,hfpjdfntkmyfz irjkf, consisting of three parts, yfxfkmyfz irjkf (6 - 10), ytgjkyfz chtlyzz irjkf (11 - 15) and gjkyfz chtlyzz irjkf (16 - 17). At 15 they receive a general certificate of (incomplete) secondary education, cdbltntkmcndj j ytgjkyjv chtlytv j,hfpjdfybb, and at 17 they are awarded their school-leaving certificate, fnntcnfn phtkjcnb. Nowadays they tend to go on to a rjkktl;, although they frequently have the choice of alternative educational establishments, including technical and vocational schools, such as the GNE [pronounced gý-ný-å] (ghjatccbjyfkmyj-nt[ybxtcrjt exbkbot) or nt[ybrev. Young people usually take their higher education entrance exams, dcnegbntkmyst ýrpfvtys, at the age of 17 and, on successful completion of their degree course at a dep (H.E. institution), they receive their degree or lbgkjv j dscitv j,hfpjdfybb. Graduates are called dsgecrybrb while postgraduates are known as fcgbhfyns. The main higher education qualifications are the rfylblfncrfz cntgtym, roughly equivalent to a Ph.D., and ljrnjhcrfz cntgtym, effectively a post-doctoral degree, which bestows on scholars the highly prestigious title of ljrnjh yfer. The only academic title with even higher status is frfltvbr. A new ab initio Russian course

219

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following secondary school-leaving certificate (Cdbltntkmcndj j djcmvbktnytv j,hfpjdfybb) which was awarded to a Russian pupil and answer the questions below.

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Rfr t/ pjden$ F afvbkbz b jnxtcndj$ Rfr gj-heccrb ‘name(s) of the subjects’$ Ult yf[jlbncz t/ irjkf$ Rfre. jwtyre jyf gjkexbkf gj kbnthfneht$ Gj rfrbv ghtlvtnfv jyf gjkexbkf gzn/hrb$ Rfrjq zpsr jyf bpexfkf$ Rjulf Vfit dslfkb cdbltntkmcndj$ Rfr gj-fyukbqcrb «lbhtrnjh (irjks)»$ Rfr gj-heccrb ‘teachers’$ Ghb gjvjob ntrcnf^ gthtdtlbnt yf heccrbq zpsr ‘optional courses’.

fnntcnfn jcyjdyjq j,obq chtlyzz irjkf gjkexbnm (II) (pf) yfbvtyjdfybt fkut,hf utjvtnhbz byjcnhfyysq zpsr xthxtybt bpj,hfpbntkmyjt bcreccndj

220

leaving certificate basic general secondary school to receive name, title algebra geometry foreign language sketching fine arts

abpbxtcrfz rekmnehf (= abprekmnehf) nheljdjt j,extybt ghfdj ddtltybt d (+ acc) ýrjyjvbrf vbhjdjq [elj;tcndtyysq rekmnehf

P. E. labour instruction, teaching law, rights introduction to economics world art(istic) culture

jwtyrf gj (+ dat) &&& gj rfrbv ghtlvtnfv &&&$ dslfnm (pf) cdbltntkmcndj ghb gjvjob (+ gen) gthtdtlbnt (imperative) (+ acc) yf heccrbq zpsr

a mark in ... in which subjects ...? to issue certificate with the help (of) translate s.th. into Russian

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

irjkmybrb cneltyns extybrb exfobtcz

exfncz d " " "

exbkbof[ eybdthcbntnf[ yfxfkmys[ irjkf[ chtlyb[ irjkf[

Chapter 12

Activity Thirteen - Nhbyflwfnjt pflfybt Reading Match up the educational status of the people on the left with an appropriate type of institution on the right. Two of the answers are interchangeable.

PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

As the above exercise illustrates, the Prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives in Russian is very straightforward. The hard adjective ending is -ûõ for all genders (or -èõ where there is a soft adjective or the spelling rule applies). The normal noun ending is -àõ for all genders (or -ÿõ where the nominative plural is -üÿ and where the singular noun ends in (i) a soft sign, (ii) the vowels -é, -ÿ or soft -è, or (iii) the vowel -å, except in the combinations -öå and -ùå, which have the ending -àõ). GENITIVE PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES

The Genitive plural of adjectives is exactly the same as the Prepositional plural of adjectives, i.e. -ûõ or -èõ for all genders. Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the following dialogue between a young child and her teacher about the various objects which she has in her bedroom and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below. Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf

-

Crf;b^ gj;fkeqcnf^ Vfif^ xnj e nt,z tcnm d rjvyfnt$ E vtyz^ ____________^ tcnm rhjdfnm^ irfa b ufhlthj,& F xnj to/$ E vtyz ____________ vyjuj buheitr& Rfrbt e nt,z buheirb$ E vtyz ____________ ^ rerks b vfibys& ____________ e nt,z rerjk$ E vtyz gznm rerjk b itcnm vfiby& F ____________ e nt,z tcnm$ Lf^ tcnm& E vtyz ctvm ____________ rjvgm.nthys[ buh& Ctvm$ Lf^ b to/ e vtyz jxtym vyjuj rybu& ____________ bkb nhblwfnm& Ns ____________ xbnfnm$ Lf^ k.,k.& F nt,t yhfdbncz ____________ $ Lf^ yhfdbncz& E vtyz ____________ rfcctn b ctvm rjvgfrnys[ lbcrjd& Z ____________ gjg-vepsre b buhf. yf ____________& - Ns [jhjij buhftim$ - Ytn^ yt jxtym& {jnbnt gjckeifnm$

irjkmybr#-ybwf extybr#-ybwf exfobqcz# exfofzcz yfxfkmyfz irjkf exbkbot

schoolchild school pupil student (in trade/ vocational school) junior school vocational school

A new ab initio Russian course

irfa buheirf rerkf rjvgm.nthyfz buhf rjvgfrnysq lbcr

cupboard toy doll computer game CD

buhfnm yf (+ prep)

to play (an instrument) [jnünm ([jxå^ [óxtim^ to want, [óxtn^ [jn¿v^ wish [jn¿nt^ [jn§n) gjckeifnm (II) (pf) to listen (to)

221

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

GENITIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS If you have been especially observant, you will have noticed in this chapter and earlier chapters a number of endings which are unfamiliar to you. The principal grammatical form which we have not yet covered is the Genitive plural of nouns. The Genitive plural is used (i) to express possession, (ii) after numbers (above 4), (iii) after expressions of quantity, (iv) after negatives, and (v) after certain prepositions and verbs. There are five main endings: (masculine) -îâ^ -åâ (or -¸â)^ -åé; (neuter and feminine) zero ending, -åé^ -èé& Examples which you have already met are marked with an asterisk below. M

N

F

(xfc) (hsyjr) (jnüw) (nhfvdfq) (,hfn) (byjcnháytw) (ýnf;) (he,km) (vtcnj) (jryj) (gjkt) (plfybt) (rybuf) (rerkf) (buheirf)

(n/nz) (felbnjhbz) (ntnhflm) PL (ecÏ) (k.lb) (,h.rb)

gznm xfcód* e yfc ytn hÏyrjd vyjuj jnwód ytn nhfvdátd itcnm ,hánmtd vfkj byjcnháywtd ltcznm ýnf;üq nsczxf he,küq* vyjuj vtcn ctvm órjy ,tp gjküq vfkj pláybq vyjuj rybu* ctvm rårjk* vyjuj buhåitr* e yb[ ytn n/ntq gznm felbnóhbq ytn ntnhflüq* e ytuj ytn ecód vyjuj k.lüq e vtyz ytn ,h.r

(add -jd) (hsyjr > hsyrjd, fleeting vowel) (jntw > jnwjd, [stressed -tw], fleeting vowel) (remove -q, add -td) (if plural is -mz, remove -z^ add -td) (yyjcnhfytw > yyjcnhfywtd, [unstressed -tw], fleeting vowel) (if ending is -;^ -x^ -i or -o, add -üq) (remove -m, add -tq) (remove -j, zero ending) (jryj > jrjy, zero ending, fill vowel -j) (remove -t, add -tq) (remove -t, add -q) (remove -f, zero ending) (rerkf > rerjk, zero ending, fill vowel -j) (buheirf > buheitr, zero ending, fill vowel -t if ending is -;rf^ -xrf^ -irf^ -orf) (remove -z, add -tq* colloquially n/nm) (remove -z, add -q) (remove -m, add -tq) (remove -s, add -jd) (remove -b, add -tq) (remove -b, zero ending)

Activity Fifteen - Gznyflwfnjt pflfybt Reading/Speaking Underline every use of the Genitive plural in the following passage (about shopping for fruit in Russia) and then read the passage in pairs. Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw Gjregfntkm Ghjlfdtw hsyjr byjcnhfytw buheirf ecÏ ,tp (+ gen) k.lb ,h.rb

222

- Lfqnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rbkj uhei& - E yfc ytn uhei& - F fgtkmcbys e dfc tcnm$ - Fgtkmcbyjd nj;t ytn& - F gthcbrb tcnm$ - B gthcbrjd ytn& - F z,kjrb$ - Z,kjrb tcnm& - Lfqnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ gjkrbkj z,kjr& - Gj;fkeqcnf& Ldflwfnm gznm he,ktq& Xnj to/$ - Crjkmrj cnjzn ,fyfys$ -
market foreigner toy moustache without people trousers

ghjlfdtw/ghjlfdobwf gjregfntkm(-ybwf) uheif fgtkmcby gthcbr gjkrbkj z,kjrj (pl z,kjrb)

shop assistant shopper pear orange peach half a kilo apple

,fyfy kbvjy ghfrnbxtcrb xnj ds! yfvyjuj (before comparatives) ,jkmit

banana lemon practically what are you saying! much, far, many more

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

d h t v z GJYTLTKMYBR fel& 09&00 - 10&30 fyukbqcrbq zpsr 74 (uhfvvfnbrf) 10&30 - 12&00 heccrfz 59 kbnthfnehf 12&00 - 13&30 fyukbqcrbq zpsr 78 (hfpujdjh) 13&30 - 15&00 abkjcjabz 45 d h t v z DNJHYBR 09&00 - 10&00 ytvtwrbq zpsr (uhfvvfnbrf) 10&30 - 12&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr 12&00 - 13&30 j,ott zpsrjpyfybt 13&30 - 15&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (hfpujdjh) d h t v z CHTLF 09&00 - 10&00 ytvtwrbq zpsr (hfpujdjh) 10&30 - 12&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (uhfvvfnbrf) 12&00 - 13&30 pfhe,t;yfz kbnthfnehf 13&30 - 15&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (cnhfyjdtltybt) Byyf yf gthdjv rehct& Jyf exbncz

Gjnjv jyf [jxtn exbnmcz d fcgbhfyneht hfpujdjh abkjcjabz ajytnbrf j,ott zpsrjpyfybt

conversation philosophy phonetics general linguistics

A new ab initio Russian course

d h t v z XTNDTHU 09&00 - 10&00 ytvtwrbq zpsr (uhfvvfnbrf) 10&30 - 12&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (hfpujdjh) 12&00 - 13&30 bcnjhbz abkjkjubb

74

13&30 - 15&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (uhfvvfnbrf) d h t v z GZNYBWF 09&00 - 10&00 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (hfpujdjh) 10&30 - 12&00 heccrfz kbnthfnehf (ajytnbrf) 12&00 - 13&30 fyukbqcrbq zpsr (uhfvvfnbrf) 13&30 - 15&00 ytvtwrbq zpsr (ajytnbrf) d h t v z CE<< JNF 09&00 - 10&00 bcnjhbz fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf 10&30 - 12&00 j,ott zpsrjpyfybt

35

12&00 - 13&30

70

13&30 - 15&00

fel& 106 72 18 74 fel& 107

fel& 106

Chapter 12

Activity Sixteen - Itcnyflwfnjt pflfybt Reading/Writing So far we have concentrated on school timetables and on the timetables of students who are studying abroad. Higher educational courses for Russians studying in Russia, however, differ significantly from those illustrated up to now, as shown by Inna Rostovtseva’s timetable below. Read her timetable carefully and answer the questions on the following page.

78 43 74 fel& 74 59 74 101 fel& 78 18

Further information about Inna &&& d Nfv,jdcrjv ujcelfhcndtyyjv eybdthcbntnt& (Tambov State University) &&& yf abkjkjubxtcrjv afrekmntnt& (Faculty of Languages and Literatures) &&& yf jnltktybb fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf b fyukbqcrjq kbnthfnehs& (Department of English Language and Literature) &&& yf rfatlht uthvfycrjq abkjkjubb& (Sub-faculty of German Philology) pfhe,t;yfz kbnthfnehf abkjkjubz (adj. abkjkjubxtcrbq)

foreign literature philology (language and literature)

ujcelfhcndtyysq state afrekmntn faculty, school jnltktybt department, section, division rfatlhf sub-faculty

223

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12& 13& 14& 15& 16& 17& 18& 19& 20&

Rjulf e Byys heccrfz kbnthfnehf$ Rjulf e yt/ bcnjhbz fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf$ Rjulf e yt/ bcnjhbz abkjkjubb$ Rjulf e yt/ j,ott zpsrjpyfybt$ Rjulf e yt/ abkjcjabz$ D rfrjq felbnjhbb* e yt/ uhfvvfnbrf fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf$ D rfrjq felbnjhbb* e yt/ ajytnbrf ytvtwrjuj zpsrf$ D rfrjq felbnjhbb* e yt/ bcnjhbz abkjkjubb$ D rfrjq felbnjhbb* e yt/ pfhe,t;yfz kbnthfnehf$ Crjkmrj hfp d ytltk. e yt/ pfhe,t;yfz kbnthfnehf$ Crjkmrj hfp d ytltk. e yt/ bcnjhbz fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf$ Crjkmrj hfp d ytltk. e yt/ uhfvvfnbrf fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf$ Crjkmrj hfp d ytltk. e yt/ heccrfz kbnthfnehf$ Rjulf yfxbyftncz gthdjt pfyznbt d gjytltkmybr$ Rjulf yfxbyftncz nhtnmt pfyznbt dj dnjhybr$ Rjulf rjyxftncz dnjhjt pfyznbt d ce,,jne$ Rjulf rjyxftncz xtnd/hnjt pfyznbt d gznybwe$ D rfrjv eybdthcbntnt jyf exbncz$ Yf rfrjv jnltktybb jyf exbncz$ Gj rfrjve zpsre jyf cgtwbfkbpbhetncz$

* Use the adjectival form in your reply (e.g. d cjhjr ltdznjq felbnjhbb).

GENITIVE SINGULAR OF NUMBERS

In order to express ‘from ... to’ with numbers (e.g. she has Philosophy from 13.30 to 15.00 on Monday), Russian uses the construction c (+ gen) &&& lj (+ gen). The Genitive case of numbers (used in time expressions) is as follows: c#lj xácf (colloquially lj xáce) c#lj lde[#nh/[#xtnsh/[ c#lj gzn¿#itcn¿#ctv¿#djcmv¿#ltdzn¿#ltczn¿#jl¿yyflwfnb#ldtyálwfnb If the minutes are included, the same pattern follows; e.g.

c ltczn¿ gznyálwfnb (from 10.15) lj nhbyálwfnb nhblwfn¿ (to 13.30) c ldflwfn¿ nhblwfn¿ (from 20.30) lj ldflwfn¿ lde[ cjhjrá gzn¿ (to 22.45) More on higher education...

Each 1½-hour session is known in Russian as a gfhf (i.e. a ‘pair’ of 45-minute classes). Typically linguists will major in one foreign language (English in the case of Inna) and study a second related language for 3 or 4 years (German in Inna’s case). In their third year they specialize in either literature or linguistics and they may take up a third language from the same sub-faculty (e.g. Dutch or Norwegian). In January and June students have their main assessment period (known as ctccbz) which consists of 3 or 4 exams (ýrpfvtys) and 5 or 6 formal tests (pfx/ns) on specialist courses (such as pedagogics). In their fifth year they take their State Examination (in Inna”s case Ujcelfhcndtyysq ýrpfvty gj fyukbqcrjve zpsre^ ytvtwrjve zpsre b j,otve zpsrjpyfyb.) and they also have to complete and defend a dissertation (which is a process known as pfobnf lbgkjvyjq hf,jns). crjkmrj hfp d &&& (+ acc) ? hfp 2#3#4 hfpf 5 > 20 hfp

224

how many times per ...? time(s); once, one 2/3/4 times 5 > 20 times

cgtwbfkbpbhjdfnmcz gj ... (+ dat) gfhf ctccbz

to specialize in ... pair, couple; 1½-hour class examination period S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE PREPOSITIONAL PLURAL ENDINGS OF NOUNS There are just two endings for nouns in the Prepositional plural, as illustrated below by the use of the prepositions â, íà and î(á). The normal ending is -àõ for all genders. The ending -ÿõ occurs where the Nominative plural is -üÿ and where the singular noun ends in (i) a soft sign, (ii) the vowels -é, -ÿ or soft -è (i.e. -è not resulting from the spelling rule), or (iii) the vowel -å, except in the combinations -öå and -ùå, which have the ending -àõ).

ujhjl hsyjr jntw vtcnj jryj exbkbot rybuf rerkf cbufhtns ,h.rb

d ujhjlàõ yf hsyràõ j, jnwàõ d vtcnàõ d jryàõ d exbkboàõ d rybuàõ j rerkàõ j cbufhtnàõ yf ,h.ràõ

,hfn (pl ,hfnmz) csy (pl csyjdmz) gjhnatkm lzlz nhfvdfq gjkt plfybt ljxm (pl ljxthb) xfcnm n/nz felbnjhbz ltnb

j ,hfnmÿõ j csyjdmÿõ d gjhnatkÿõ j lzlÿõ yf nhfvdfÿõ d gjkÿõ d plfybÿõ j ljxthÿõ d xfcnÿõ j n/nÿõ d felbnjhbÿõ j ltnÿõ

Chapter 12

GRAMMAR

(fleeting vowel) (fleeting vowel) (fleeting vowel)

ENDINGS OF ADJECTIVES There are just two endings for adjectives in the Prepositional plural. The standard adjective ending is -ûõ for all genders. The ending -èõ occurs where there is a soft adjective or the spelling rule applies, as illustrated below.

yjdsq cnfhsq cjdhtvtyysq ujke,jq rfrjq$ ,jkmijq cbybq

d yjdûõ ujhjlf[ d cnfhûõ vtcnf[ d cjdhtvtyyûõ exbkbof[ yf ujke,ûõ nhfvdfz[ d rfrèõ jryf[$ (spelling rule) d ,jkmièõ ljvf[ (spelling rule) yf cbyèõ ,h.rf[ (soft adjective)

ENDINGS OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

vjq (pl vjb) ndjq (pl ndjb) tuj t/ yfi (pl yfib) dfi (pl dfib) b[ cdjq (pl cdjb) A new ab initio Russian course

vjèõ ndjèõ tuj t/ yfièõ dfièõ b[ cdjèõ 225

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

OTHER ADJECTIVAL FORMS

dtcm (pl dct) ýnjn (pl ýnb) njn (pl nt)

dct[ ýnèõ nt [

pyfrjvsq#pyfrjvfz heccrbq#heccrfz ;bdjnyjt

pyfrjvûõ heccrèõ ;bdjnyûõ

(adjective used as noun) (adjective used as noun) (adjective used as noun)

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the following phrases into the Prepositional plural, using the preposition provided in brackets. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

(d) cnfhst irjks (d) ,jkmibt vfufpbys (yf) vjb yjdst ,h.rb (d) heccrbt exbkbof (j) yfibt fyukbqcrbt ,hfnmz jy ujdjhbk (j) cdjb bynthtcyst ljxthb (yf) cbybt he,firb (j) vfktymrbt ltnb (d) ,jkmibt cjdhtvtyyst felbnjhbb (j) tuj crexyst n/nb Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following phrases into Russian.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

in old English towns in big Russian villages (lthtdyb) in the new universities in modern books a play (gmtcf) about animals (;bdjnyjt) on my dark blue (cbybt) shoes in all our books Turgenev wrote a story (yfgbcfk hfccrfp) about fathers and sons about my new French dolls you will find a pen (yfql/im hexre) in all these briefcases

USES

226

THE GENITIVE PLURAL

1.

To express possession lhepmz vjb[ ,hfnmtd gkfnmz vjb[ ctcn/h

2.

After numbers (over 4) and expressions of quantity gznm cnjkjd five tables rbkj z,kjr a kilogram of apples crjkmrj cneltynjd$ how many students?

my brothers’ friends my sisters’ dresses

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

so many foreigners few people many friends

3.

After negatives pltcm ytn vfkmxbrjd yt ,skj ltdeitr z yt db;e vfiby (or vfibys)

there are no boys here there were no girls I cannot see the cars

4.

For comparison (instead of xtv + Nominative) jyf cnfhit lheub[ cneltynjd she is older than the other students jy vjkj;t vjb[ ,hfnmtd he is younger than my brothers

5.

For animate accusatives (see Chapter Thirteen) z pyf. ýnb[ ;tyoby I know these women

6.

After certain prepositions ,tp jib,jr dvtcnj yt,jcrh/,jd djrheu lfx lkz vjb[ ltntq lj rhf/d (epyfnm) bp ufptn bp-pf ldthtq bp-pf ghj,ktv rjhj,rf bp-gjl cbufhtn rhjvt vjb[ ctcn/h yfghjnbd cnfhs[ plfybq jrjkj cgjhnbdys[ pfkjd lfktrj jn ,jkmib[ ujhjljd gjckt dct[ ljkub[ djqy ghjnbd yfib[ j;blfybq jy egfk c ktcjd chtlb yfib[ pyfrjvs[ e ndjb[ hjlbntktq

without mistakes instead of skyscrapers around the dachas for my children up to the brim (literally: ‘the edges’) (to learn) from the newspapers from behind the doors because of the problems a cigarette packet apart from my sisters opposite the old buildings near the sports halls far away from the big cities after all long wars against our expectations he fell off the scaffolding amongst our acquaintances at your parents’; your parents have

7.

After certain verbs (z) ;tkf. dfv ecgt[jd

I wish you success

Chapter 12

cnjkmrj byjcnhfywtd vfkj k.ltq vyjuj lheptq

ENDINGS There are five main noun endings: (masculine) -îâ^ -åâ (or -¸â)^ -åé; (neuter and feminine) zero ending, -åé^ -èé& M xfc hsyjr jnüw nhfvdfq rhfq ,hfn (pl ,hfnmz) csy (pl csyjdmz) byjcnháytw vtczw ýnf; ghtgjlfdfntkm fyukbxfyby A new ab initio Russian course

xfcjd hsyrjd jnwjd nhfvdftd rhf/d ,hfnmtd csyjdtq byjcnháywtd vtczwtd ýnf;tq ghtgjlfdfntktq fyukbxfy

(final consonant) (final consonant, fleeting vowel) (final stressed -tw, fleeting vowel) (final -q) (final -q, irregular) (nominative plural -mz) (irregular nominative plural) (final unstressed -tw, fleeting vowel) (final unstressed -zw) (final -;^ -x^ -i^ -o) (final -m) (masculines with final -fyby) 227

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

N

F

vtcnj jryj gbcmvj lthtdj (pl lthtdmz) gjkt exbkbot cthlwt plfybt dhtvz rybuf rerkf ;tyf (pl ;/ys) ctcnhf (pl c/cnhs) buheirf

n/nz ctvmz ytltkz felbnjhbz ntnhflm ljxm (pl ljxthb) PL ecÏ if[vfns nhecbrb ,h.rb ltymub k.lb ltnb

(final -j) (final -j, fill vowel -j) (final -j, fill vowel -t, irregular) (nominative plural -mz, irregular) (final -t) (final -bot) (final -t, fill vowel -t, irregular) (final -bt) (neuters with final -z) (final -f) (final -f, fill vowel -j) (final -f, plural mutation -t > -/) (final -f, plural mutation -t > -/, fill vowel -/) buheitr (final -;rf^ -xrf^ -irf^ -orf^ fill vowel -t) n/ntq (colloquially n/nm) (final -z) ctvüq (final stressed -mz) ytltkm (final -kz) felbnjhbq (final -bz) ntnhflüq (final -m) ljxthüq (irregular nominative plural) ecód (final -s) if[vfn (final -s) nhecbrjd (final -b) ,h.r (final -b) ltytu (final -b, fill vowel -t, irregular) k.lüq (final -b) ltnüq (final -b)

vtcn jrjy gbctv lthtdmtd gjktq exbkbo cthltw plfybq dhtv/y rybu rerjk ;/y ctcn/h

Other Genitive plurals xtkjdtr hfp cjklfn uhfvv ukfp (pl ukfpá)

xtkjdtr hfp cjklfn uhfvv(jd) ukfp

(after numbers above 4 and ytcrjkmrj)

The Genitive plural of adjectives is exactly the same as the prepositional plural of adjectives, i.e. -ûõ or -èõ for all genders.

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the following phrases into the Genitive plural. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 228

(rjhj,rf) drecyst fyukbqcrbt rjyatns (uheggf) vjkjlst heccrbt cneltyns (crjkmrj) yfbdyst byjcnhfyws$ (e ytuj vyjuj) [jhjibt lhepmz (pltcm ytn) yjdst vfibys (jyf vjkj;t) vjb ,hfnmz (lkz) dct bynthtcyst ghtgjlfdfntkb (lfktrj jn) cnfhst plfybz (rhjvt) vjb vkflibt c/cnhs (chtlb) ,jufnst heccrbt

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

How many French dolls? I do not have dark blue trousers. Opposite the new shops. Many American friends. Six big red trams. He has no children and no parents. She has six thousand roubles. We bought (vs regbkb) many toys for the children. Seventy-five thousand people live (;bden) in Lincoln. He wrote (jy yfgbcfk) the book for his (cdjb) sons and daughters.

Chapter 12

Activity Twenty - Ldflwfnjt pflfybt Writing Translate the following into Russian.

RULES FOR NUMBERS (e vtyz) jlby (m), jlyj (n), jlyf (f) + Nominative singular (e vtyz) ldf (m & n), ldt (f), nhb, xtnsht + Genitive singular (e vtyz) gznm > ldflwfnm + Genitive plural The system continues thereafter. Hence, 32 takes the Genitive singular, 35 takes the Genitive plural, 101 takes the Nominative singular, 213 takes the Genitive plural etc.

(e vtyz) ytn + Genitive singular or Genitive plural

Activity Twenty-One - Ldflwfnm gthdjt pflfybt Writing Answer the following questions in Russian. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

Crjkmrj e dfc ,hfnmtd$ Crjkmrj e dfc ctcn/h$ Crjkmrj e dfc pfyznbq d gjytltkmybr$ Crjkmrj e dfc pfyznbq d gznybwe$ Crjkmrj e dfc rfcctn$ Crjkmrj e dfc rjvgfrnys[ lbcrjd$ Tcnm kb e dfc ghb ct,t ltymub$* Crjkmrj$ E dfc tcnm rhtlbnyst rfhnjxrb$ Crjkmrj$ Crjkmrj e dfc byjcnhfyys[ pyfrjvs[$ Rnj jyb gj yfwbjyfkmyjcnb$ Crjkmrj lytq d ytltkt$ Crjkmrj lytq d ýnjv ujle$ Crjkmrj cneltynjd d ýnjq uheggt$

* Do you have money on you?

Activity Twenty-Two Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Write down six questions beginning with the phrase Crjkmrj e nt,z &&& (+ gen) $ and then interview your partner using your own questions. A new ab initio Russian course

229

Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

230

Ðóññêèé ó÷åíèê

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 13

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER THIRTEEN - ÒÐÈÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ MY FAMILY AND (OTHER) ANIMALS - ÌÎß ÑÅÌÜß È ÆÈÂÎÒÍÛÅ In Chapter Thirteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. to talk about your family 2. to talk about animals You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

pronouns the animate accusative miscellaneous nouns prepositions which take the accusative case

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the missing words to find out the Russian for ‘relations’. You have already met most of the common words used to describe members of the family, but to remind you, they are given again (in no logical order) below.

Parents Father Uncle Son Aunt Grandson Grandfather Granddaughter Wife Nephew Grandmother Niece

ê

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _

_

ìàòü (ìàìà), îòåö (ïàïà), æåíà, ìóæ, äî÷ü, ñûí, áàáóøêà, äåä (äåäóøêà), âíó÷êà, âíóê, ò¸òÿ, äÿäÿ, ïëåìÿííèöà, ïëåìÿííèê, ðîäèòåëè Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Using the following information, work out the Russian for the phrases below:

äâîþðîäíûé áðàò = (first male) cousin ïðàâíó÷êà = great granddaughter 232

ïðàäåä = great grandfather ïðàïðàâíóê = great great grandson

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(first female) cousin great grandmother great grandson great great granddaughter great great grandfather

Chapter 13

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing Establish the identity of the following in Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

ñåñòðà ìîåãî îòöà ìóæ ìîåé áàáóøêè äî÷ü ìîåé ò¸òè ñûí ìîåãî äÿäè äî÷ü ìîåãî ñûíà ñûí ìîåãî âíóêà ñåñòðà ìîåãî ïëåìÿííèêà îòåö ìîåãî îòöà ìàòü ìîåé áàáóøêè äî÷ü ìîåé ñåñòðû

ýòî ìîÿ ýòî ìîé ýòî ýòî ýòî ýòî ýòî ýòî ýòî ýòî

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following description of the family below and identify the relations to whom the young speaker, Klara, is referring. Then answer the questions on the next page in Russian. Ýòî ìîé ïðàäåä, Èãîðü Ïàâëîâè÷. Îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî åìó äåâÿíîñòî ïÿòü ëåò, íî íèêòî íå çíàåò, êîãäà è ãäå îí ðîäèëñÿ. Îí áûâøèé ÷ëåí Êîììóíèñòè÷åñêîé ïàðòèè, è åãî ëþáèìàÿ òåìà Âåëèêàÿ Îêòÿáðüñêàÿ ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ. Ðàíüøå îí ðàáîòàë ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì, à òåïåðü îí âñ¸ âðåìÿ ñèäèò äîìà è ñëóøàåò ðàäèî. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ó íåãî î÷åíü ñëàáîå çðåíèå, ïîýòîìó îí äàæå íå ìîæåò ÷èòàòü. Åãî æåíà, ìîÿ ïðàáàáóøêà, óæå äàâíî óìåðëà. Åãî ñòàðøèé ñûí, ìîé äåä, òîæå óìåð, íî ìîÿ áàáóøêà åù¸ æèâà. Ÿ çîâóò Àëåêñàíäðà Ïåòðîâíà, åé ñåìüäåñÿò òðè ãîäà. Áàáóøêà ñèäèò ðÿäîì ñ ïðàäåäîì è êóðèò ñèãàðåòó. Çà íèìè ñòîèò ìîÿ ìàìà, å¸ çîâóò Àííà. Îíà óëûáàåòñÿ è ðàçãîâàðèâàåò ñî ñâîåé ñåñòðîé, Èííîé, êîòîðàÿ ñòîèò ñëåâà îò íå¸. Ìàìà - ìàøèíèñòêà, à ò¸òÿ - àêòðèñà. Ò¸òÿ ðàáîòàåò â Äåòñêîì òåàòðå â öåíòðå Ìîñêâû. Ÿ ìóæà çäåñü íåò, òàê êàê îí â êîìàíäèðîâêå â Ãåðìàíèè. Èõ äî÷ü, Íàòàøà, îäåòà, êàê âñåãäà, â äæèíñû è ïóëîâåð. Ìîé áðàò, Áîðèñ, íå ìîæåò òåðïåòü Íàòàøó, ïîòîìó ÷òî îíà - ôåìèíèñòêà. Áîðÿ ñòîèò ðÿäîì ñ ìàìîé è çà ìíîé. Íà í¸ì î÷êè îò ñîëíöà. Êñòàòè, ÿ ÷óòü áûëî íå çàáûëà ñêàçàòü: ìåíÿ çîâóò Êëàðà, è ìíå äâåíàäöàòü ëåò. áûâøèé ÷ëåí Êîììóñòè÷åñêàÿ ïàðòèÿ òåìà Âåëèêàÿ Îêòÿáðüñêàÿ ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðåâîëþöèÿ ñëàáûé çðåíèå óìåðåòü (past óìåð/ëà) ñòàðøèé æèâ(à) A new ab initio Russian course

former member Communist Party theme Great October Socialist Revolution (1917) weak, poor vision to die older, oldest alive

ðàçãîâàðèâàòü (I) ñâîé ñëåâà îò (+ gen) äåòñêèé òåàòð â êîìàíäèðîâêå îäåò(à) â (+ acc) òåðïåòü î÷êè îò ñîëíöà êñòàòè ÷óòü (áûëî) íå çàáûòü (pf)

to talk, chat one’s own to the left of children’s theatre on a business trip dressed in to bear, endure sunglasses incidentally almost to forget 233

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Êàê çîâóò ïðàäåäà Êëàðû? Êàêàÿ åãî ëþáèìàÿ òåìà? Êåì îí ðàíüøå ðàáîòàë? Ïî÷åìó åãî æåíû íåò çäåñü? Ïî÷åìó îí íå ìîæåò ÷èòàòü? Êàê çîâóò áàáóøêó Êëàðû? Ñêîëüêî åé ëåò?

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Êòî òàêàÿ Èííà? Êåì ðàáîòàåò ìàòü Êëàðû? Ãäå ðàáîòàåò Èííà? Âî ÷òî îäåòà Íàòàøà? Ïî÷åìó Áîðÿ íå ëþáèò Íàòàøó? Ñêîëüêî ëåò Êëàðå? Êàê çîâóò ìàòü Êëàðû?

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen twice to the following descriptions of Ivan’s family and fill in the missing details below. Relevant vocabulary is given on the following page. Name

1

2

3

4

Age Relationship to Ivan Place of residence Job Interests Married/ single Spouse’s name & age Children and relevant information 234

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A Ëåîíèä Æèâ¸ò â Âîðîíåæå 26 Ðàáîòàåò øâåéöàðîì Èãðàåò íà òðîìáîíå Æåíàò Æåíó çîâóò Èðèíà 25 ×èòàåò äåòåêòèâû Äâîå äåòåé Íàòàøå 4, Èâàíó 5

Á Âàëåíòèíà Æèâ¸ò â Õàáàðîâñêå 21 Ðàáîòàåò ó÷èòåëüíèöåé Ïèøåò ñòèõè Çàìóæåì Ìóæà çîâóò ßêîâ 22 Êîëëåêöèîíèðóåò ìàðêè Îäèí ðåá¸íîê Æàííå 2

A Ìàêñèì Æèâ¸ò â Òóëå 32 Ðàáîòàåò ýëåêòðîìîíò¸ðîì Ñìîòðèò ôóòáîë Æåíàò Æåíó çîâóò Ñâåòëàíà 34 Ïî¸ò íàðîäíûå ïåñíè Òðîå äåòåé Ðîìàíó 3, Ýäóàðäó 5, Çèíàèäå 8

Á Åâãåíèÿ Æèâ¸ò â Êàëèíèíãðàäå 38 Ðàáîòàåò ïñèõîëîãîì Çàíèìàåòñÿ ñàäîâîäñòâîì Ðàçâåäåíà Áûâøåãî ìóæà çîâóò Èãîðü 43 Ïü¸ò âîäêó Äåòåé íåò

òåìà îäåò(-à, -û) â (+ acc) çàìóæåì çà (+ instr) æåíàò íà (+ prep) ñòàðøå ìåíÿ íà (+ acc) ìîðÿê äâîå/òðîå/÷åòâåðî äåòåé ÿ ïåðåñåëèëñÿ â (+ acc) õèðóðã çàíèìàòüñÿ ë¸ãêîé àòëåòèêîé ñïðèíòåð áåã ñ áàðüåðàìè íà ñòî ìåòðîâ ïÿòèëåòíèé ðåá¸íîê êîòîðûé ÿ íàäåþñü, ÷òî îí ñòàíåò (+ instr) èçâåñòíûé àòëåò Ïèòåð (colloquial)

theme, subject dressed in married (of a woman) married (of a man) older than me by sailor two/three/four children I moved to surgeon to take part in track and field athletics sprinter 100 metres hurdles five-year old child who, which I hope that he will become well known athlete St Petersburg

A new ab initio Russian course

ìèêðîðàéîí âìåñòå ñ (+ instr) ìîëîæå ìåíÿ íà (+ acc) ìû ñ Ñîíåé âîñåìü ñ ïîëîâèíîé óâëå÷åíèå êàòàíèå íà ëûæàõ øâåéöàð òðîìáîí äåòåêòèâ ýëåêòðîìîíò¸ð ïåòü (ïîþ, ïî¸øü, ïî¸ò ïî¸ì, ïî¸òå, ïîþò) íàðîäíàÿ ïåñíÿ êîëëåêöèîíèðîâàòü (III) ïñèõîëîã çàíèìàòüñÿ (I) ñàäîâîñòâîì ðàçâåä¸í/ðàçâåäåíà áûâøèé

Chapter 13

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Devise conversations based on the following information. First you play the role of A, then reverse roles.

large housing estate (administrative unit) together with younger than me by Sonya and I eight and a half hobby skiing porter trombone detective (story) electrician to sing folk song to collect psychologist to garden divorced former

235

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Á

À Ìàðãàðèòà Æèâ¸ò â Ëèïåöêå 27 Ðàáîòàåò èíæåíåðîì Ñëóøàåò êîìïàêò-äèñêè Çàìóæåì Ìóæà çîâóò Àíäðåé 34 Ñòðîèò ìîäåëè ñàìîë¸òîâ

Ëåâ Æèâ¸ò â Êóðãàíå 28 Ðàáîòàåò ìåõàíèêîì Ðàçâîäèò ïîïóãàåâ Ðàçâåä¸í Áûâøóþ æåíó çîâóò Ïîëèíà 24 Ïåðåâîäèò ñêàçêè (ñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà íà ðóññêèé) Äâîå äåòåé Âàðâàðå 1, Ëþäìèëå 4

Îäèí ðåá¸íîê Ðîñòèñëàâó 9

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading Look at the photograph below and say whether the following statements are True (Ï) or False (Í). 1. ß ðóññêèé. ß æèâó â Ìîñêâå. 2. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Äæîðäæ Áóø. 3. Ìîÿ äî÷ü ìîëîæå ìåíÿ. 4. Ìíå äâàäöàòü ëåò.

5. Ìîÿ æåíà æèâ¸ò ñî ìíîé.

6. Ðóññêèå ÷àñòî ãîâîðÿò îáî ìíå.

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing The above examples illustrate the personal pronoun ÿ in all six cases (1. Nominative, 2. Accusative, 3. Genitive, 4. Dative, 5. Instrumental, 6. Prepositional). Make up six sentences about each of the following, using the personal pronouns listed below: (i) your friend (òû), (ii) your teacher (âû), (iii) George Bush (îí), (iv) the British queen (îíà), (v) you and your family (ìû), and (vi) your neighbours (îíè). Note that you do not need to stick rigidly to the model above. Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ÿ ìåíÿ ìåíÿ ìíå ìíîé (îáî) ìíå

òû òåáÿ òåáÿ òåáå òîáîé (î) òåáå

îí (í)åãî* (í)åãî* (í)åìó* (í)èì* (î) í¸ì

îíà (í)å¸* (í)å¸* (í)åé* (í)åé* (î) íåé

ìû íàñ íàñ íàì íàìè (î) íàñ

âû âàñ âàñ âàì âàìè (î) âàñ

îíè (í)èõ* (í)èõ* (í)èì* (í)èìè* (î) íèõ

* The sound í precedes all forms of the prepositions îí, îíà and îíè, whenever they follow a preposition; e.g. äëÿ íåãî (for him), ñ íåé (with her), ê íèì (towards them). Compare: ÿ ëþáëþ åãî - I love him; ÿ èíòåðåñóþñü èì - I am interested in them; ìû ïîìîãàåì åé - we help her. êîìïàêò-äèñê CD ìîäåëü (f) ñàìîë¸òà model airplane ðàçâîäèòü (II) (ðàçâîæó, ðàçâîäèøü) to breed

236

ïåðåâîäèòü (II) (ïåðåâîæó, ïåðåâîäèøü) to translate c (+ gen) íà (+ acc) from ... into ... ïèòü (ïüþ, ïü¸øü, ïü¸ò, ïü¸ì, ïü¸òå, ïüþò) to drink S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Say hello to your partner. Find out his/her name and age. Ask him/her if he/she is married. If so, find out more about his/her husband or wife. Ask who (else) lives with him/her. Ask him/her where they live.

Reply appropriately in each case.

2.

Say hello to your partner. Ask him/her about his/her family (brothers, sisters, parents, husband/wife, children). Find out where he/she works. Ask him/her if he enjoys his/her work. Find out about his/her hobbies.

Reply appropriately in each case.

Chapter 13

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the role of A and you partner plays B. Then reverse roles.

Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Listening Read the following biography carefully and then listen to the description by Ivan’s elderly and forgetful mother of her son’s life. Make a list of any inaccuracies which you note in her description. Èìÿ, îò÷åñòâî, ôàìèëèÿ Àäðåñ â Ðîññèè Âîçðàñò Îáðàçîâàíèå

Ô¸äîð Ìàêñèìîâè÷ Ïàâëîâ Ìîñêâà, Ìèõàëêîâñêàÿ óëèöà, ä.5, êâ.322 39 Îêîí÷èë ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòåò Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè: àíãëèéñêèé è íåìåöêèé) Äèïëîìàò (â Ïîñîëüñòâå Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè â Êîïåíãàãåíå) Îòåö (78), íà ïåíñèè, áûë òåõíèêîì Ìàòü (81), íà ïåíñèè, áûëà ïðîäàâùèöåé Íèêîëàé (17), Ëàðèñà (14), Èãîðü (12) Æåíà - Ñâåòëàíà (40), ñåêðåòàðü-ìàøèíèñòêà ×òåíèå, íóìèçìàòèêà

Ïðîôåññèÿ Ðîäèòåëè Ñåìüÿ Óâëå÷åíèÿ (îí) îêîí÷èë (óíèâåðñèòåò) ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòåò Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò èíîñòðàííûé ÿçûê Ïîñîëüñòâî Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè òåõíèê ïðîäàâùèöà

ñåêðåòàðü-ìàøèíèñòêà

íóìèçìàòèêà

(îí) íàçâàë åãî â ÷åñòü (+ gen) A new ab initio Russian course

he graduated (from university) faculty of languages and literature Moscow State University foreign language the Embassy of the Russian Federation technician shop assistant

secretary

numismatics (collection or study of coins etc.) he called him after

ïèñàòåëü ïîñîë Îðãàíèçàöèè Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íàöèé òåõíîêðàò (îí) õîòåë, ÷òîáû îí ñòàë ë¸ò÷èêîì íàñêîëüêî ìíå ïîìíèòñÿ îäíàêî íàäî ïðèçíàòüñÿ ïàìÿòü (f) âåäü íåìíîæêî â ìîëîäîñòè îòëè÷íî

writer amabassador United Nations Organisation technocrat (he) wanted him to become a pilot as fas as I can remember however it must be admitted memory you know, you see a little in one’s youth excellently

237

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. One of you thinks of a mutual acquaintance or friend. The other has to guess who it is, with the help of the questions and answers below. Stick initially to the full phrase, using the pronouns òâîé (etc.) or âàø (etc.) and ìîé each time, as appropriate. Then repeat the exercise, based on a different friend, using the more natural sounding îí (etc.) or îíà (etc.), which are listed on the following page. (Once again the questions are grouped in accordance with grammatical case.) Nominative

Ãäå æèâ¸ò òâîé çíàêîìûé / òâîÿ çíàêîìàÿ? Or: … âàø / âàøà … Ãäå ðàáîòàåò òâîé çíàêîìûé / òâîÿ çíàêîìàÿ? Or: … âàø / âàøà … Êåì ðàáîòàåò òâîé çíàêîìûé / òâîÿ çíàêîìàÿ? Or: … âàø / âàøà … Òâîé çíàêîìûé æåíàò/ òâîÿ çíàêîìàÿ çàìóæåì? Or: Âàø / âàøà … Êòî òâîé çíàêîìûé / òâîÿ çíàêîìàÿ ïî íàöèîíàëüíîñòè? Or: Âàø / âàøà … Accusative Êòî åù¸ çíàåò òâîåãî çíàêîìîãî / òâîþ çíàêîìóþ? Or: … âàøåãî / âàøó … Êàê äîëãî îí/îíà çíàåò òâîåãî çíàêîìîãî / òâîþ çíàêîìóþ? Or: … âàøåãî / âàøó … Genitive Ó òâîåãî çíàêîìîãî / òâîåé çíàêîìîé åñòü ðîäèòåëè / äåòè? Ó òâîåãî çíàêîìîãî / òâîåé çíàêîìîé åñòü áðàòüÿ èëè ñ¸ñòðû? Or: Ó âàøåãî / âàøåé …

Êàê çîâóò áðàòà, áðàòüåâ / ñåñòðó, ñåñò¸ð òâîåãî çíàêîìîãî / òâîåé çíàêîìîé? Or: … âàøåãî / âàøåé … Dative Ñêîëüêî ëåò òâîåìó çíàêîìîìó / òâîåé çíàêîìîé? Or: … âàøåìó / âàøåé … Òâîåìó çíàêîìîìó / òâîåé çíàêîìîé íðàâèòñÿ ôóòáîë (òåííèñ, áàäìèíòîí, ãèìíàñòèêà)? Or: … âàøåìó / âàøåé … 238

Ìîé çíàêîìûé / ìîÿ çíàêîìàÿ … " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Äà/íåò, ìîé çíàêîìûé / ìîÿ çíàêîìàÿ (íå) æåíàò / çàìóæåì. Ìîé çíàêîìûé / ìîÿ çíàêîìàÿ Ïî íàöèîíàëüíîñòè … … çíàåò ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîþ çíàêîìóþ Îí /îíà çíàåò ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîþ çíàêîìóþ … Äà, ó ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîåé çíàêîìîé åñòü … Íåò, ó ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîåé çíàêîìîé íåò îòöà / ìàòåðè, äåòåé Äà, ó ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîåé çíàêîìîé åñòü îäèí áðàò / äâà, òðè, ÷åòûðå áðàòà è îäíà ñåñòðà / äâå, òðè, ÷åòûðå ñåñòðû Íåò, ó ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîåé çíàêîìîé íåò (íè) áðàòà, (íè) ñåñòðû Áðàòà, áðàòüåâ / ñåñòðó, ñåñò¸ð ìîåãî çíàêîìîãî / ìîåé çíàêîìîé çîâóò … Ìîåìó çíàêîìîìó / ìîåé çíàêîìîé … Äà/íåò, ìîåìó çíàêîìîìó / ìîåé çíàêîìîé (íå) íðàâèòñÿ … S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ñ ìîèì çíàêîìûì / ìîåé çíàêîìîé æèâ¸ò … …ðàáîòàåò âìåñòå ñ ìîèì çíàêîìûì / ìîåé çíàêîìîé

Prepositional

Chapter 13

Instrumental Êòî æèâ¸ò ñ òâîèì çíàêîìûì / òâîåé çíàêîìîé? Or: … ñ âàøèì / âàøåé … Êòî ðàáîòàåò âìåñòå ñ òâîèì çíàêîìûì / òâîåé çíàêîìîé? Or: … ñ âàøèì / âàøåé …

Ðàññêàæè(òå) ìíå áîëüøå î òâî¸ì çíàêîìîì /

òâîåé çíàêîìîé … Or: … î âàøåì / âàøåé …

Possessive pronouns

SINGULAR Masculine Nom ìîé Acc ìîé/ìîåãî* Gen ìîåãî Dat ìîåìó Instr ìîèì Prep (î) ìî¸ì

òâîé òâîé/òâîåãî* òâîåãî òâîåìó òâîèì (î) òâî¸ì

åãî åãî åãî åãî åãî (î) åãî

å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ (î) å¸

íàø íàø/íàøåãî* íàøåãî íàøåìó íàøèì (î) íàøåì

âàø âàø/âàøåãî* âàøåãî âàøåìó âàøèì (î) âàøåì

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

Neuter Nom ìî¸ Acc ìî¸ Gen ìîåãî Dat ìîåìó Instr ìîèì Prep (î) ìî¸ì

òâî¸ òâî¸ òâîåãî òâîåìó òâîèì (î) òâî¸ì

åãî åãî åãî åãî åãî (î) åãî

å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ (î) å¸

íàøå íàøå íàøåãî íàøåìó íàøèì (î) íàøåì

âàøå âàøå âàøåãî âàøåìó âàøèì (î) âàøåì

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

Feminine Nom ìîÿ Acc ìîþ Gen ìîåé Dat ìîåé Instr ìîåé Prep (î) ìîåé

òâîÿ òâîþ òâîåé òâîåé òâîåé (î) òâîåé

åãî åãî åãî åãî åãî (î) åãî

å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ (î) å¸

íàøà íàøó íàøåé íàøåé íàøåé (î) íàøåé

âàøà âàøó âàøåé âàøåé âàøåé (î) âàøåé

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

PLURAL All genders Nom ìîè Acc ìîè/ìîèõ* Gen ìîèõ Dat ìîèì Instr ìîèìè Prep (î) ìîèõ

òâîè òâîè/òâîèõ* òâîèõ òâîèì òâîèìè (î) òâîèõ

åãî åãî åãî åãî åãî (î) åãî

å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ å¸ (î) å¸

íàøè íàøè/íàøèõ* íàøèõ íàøèì íàøèìè (î) íàøèõ

âàøè âàøè/âàøèõ* âàøèõ âàøèì âàøèìè (î) âàøèõ

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

* Genitive = Accusative for all animate nouns (except for feminine singular). See Activity Thirteen.

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Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing As stated above, the Accusative form of all animate nouns (as well as pronouns and adjectives), except the feminine singular, is the same as the Genitive. Answer the following questions, paying particular attention to this grammatical rule, where appropriate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Êàê çîâóò òâîåãî îòöà? Êàê çîâóò ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòðà Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè? Êàê çîâóò ïðåçèäåíòà Ðîññèè? Êàêîãî êîìïîçèòîðà òû áîëüøå âñåãî ëþáèøü? Êàêîãî àêò¸ðà òû áîëüøå âñåãî ëþáèøü? Íà êîãî òû ïîõîæ(à)?

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Imagine that you have just made a new penfriend in Russia and that you are sending him/her your first letter. You should write in particular about yourself, your hobbies, your family and your friends, but also ask him/her appropriate questions. T ry to stick to vocabulary which you know and do not be too ambitious. Your letter should begin Äîðîãîé …/ Äîðîãàÿ … and finish with a phrase such as Âñåãî äîáðîãî! (All the best). Note that Russian also has a reflexive pronoun ñâîé (with the same declension as ìîé or òâîé) which is used to refer back to noun and pronoun subjects; e.g. Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ó ìåíÿ ñâîÿ ìàøèíà - I have my own car ÿ ïîòåðÿë(à) ñâîé áóìàæíèê - I have lost my wallet* îíà êóïèëà ðîçû äëÿ ñâîåé ñåñòðû - she bought roses for her sister* îí ïîìîãàë ñâîåìó áðàòó - he used to help his brother** òû èãðàë(à) ñî ñâîèìè äðóçüÿìè - you used to play with your own friends ÿ ãîâîðèë(à) î ñâîåé äî÷åðè - I was talking about my own daughter

* Although ñâîé (etc.) is preferred in sentences of this type, ìîé, òâîé, íàø and âàø (etc.) may be used as an alternative. Sometimes the pronoun may be omitted altogether, especially when speaking about people; e.g. ÿ ëþáëþ áðàòà - I love my brother; îí ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñ ñåñòðîé - he was talking to his sister. ** Ñâîé (etc.) cannot, however, be replaced by åãî, å¸ or èõ when it refers back to noun or pronoun subjects; cf. îí ïîìîãàë (ñâîåìó) áðàòó - he used to help his (own) brother and îí ïîìîãàë åãî áðàòó - he used to help his (i.e. someone else’s) brother, or îíà âèäèò ñâîé äîì - she can see her (own) house and îíà âèäèò å¸ äîì - she can see her (i.e. someone else’s) house.

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing The relative pronoun êîòîðûé (which, who) has the same endings as any normal hard adjective and agrees with its antecedent in gender and number (although its case depends on the grammar of the relative clause); e.g. ÿ çíàþ ÷åëîâåêà, êîòîðûé ãîâîðèò ïî-äàòñêè - I know a person who speaks Danish or âîò ÷åëîâåê, êîòîðîãî ÿ çíàþ - here’s the person (whom) I know. Read the following sentences and identify (i) the appropriate missing noun from the box below, and (ii) the gender, case and number of the relative pronoun. 240

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

×åëîâåê, êîòîðûé èãðàåò â ôóòáîë - ýòî Æåíùèíà, êîòîðàÿ èñïîëíÿåò ðîëè â òåàòðå - ýòî ×åëîâåê, êîòîðûé æèâ¸ò â Ìîñêâå - ýòî Æåíùèíà, ó êîòîðîé äåñÿòü äåòåé - ýòî Ìóæ÷èíà ñ äåòüìè, ó êîòîðîãî íåò æåíû - ýòî Ëþäè, êîòîðûå æèâóò çà ãðàíèöåé - ýòî Ó÷åíèê, ñ êîòîðûì ìû ó÷èìñÿ â îäíîì êëàññå - ýòî ×åëîâåê, îò êîòîðîãî ïîëó÷àþò äåíüãè - ýòî

Chapter 13

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

èíîñòðàíöû, îäíîêëàññíèê, àêòðèñà, ñïîíñîð, îòåö-îäèíî÷êà, ìàòü-ãåðîèíÿ, ôóòáîëèñò, ìîñêâè÷ Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing One of the most difficult concepts to translate into Russian is ‘also’, ‘too’ or ‘as well (as)’. Complete the following grid, using the expressions in bold below. (Note that, in accordance with crossword tradition, gaps do not appear between phrases consisting of two or more words.)

òîæå (also, too)

e.g. - Òû àíãëè÷àíèí? - ß òîæå. (Are you English? Me too.) ß èäó â ïàðê. Îíà òîæå èä¸ò òóäà. (I am going to the park. She is also going there.) (More colloquial than òàêæå; used most commonly where the subjects in the two sentences or two parts of the sentence are different)

(à) òàêæå (also, too, likewise)

e.g. Îíà èçó÷àåò ôðàíöóçñêèé ÿçûê, à òàêæå íåìåöêèé. (She studies French as well as German.) Êðîìå ðóññêîãî îíà èçó÷àåò òàêæå è ÿïîíñêèé. (She studies Japanese in addition to Russian.) (More formal than òîæå, but more versatile in its usage)

è (also, as well, and)

e.g. ß èäó â ïàðê. È îíà èä¸ò òóäà. (I am going to the park. She is also going there.) Îí ãîâîðèò è ïî-àíãëèéñêè. (He also speaks English.)

äà åù¸ (è) (also, too, as well (as))

e.g. Îí ãëóï(ûé), äà åù¸ è ëåíèâ(ûé). (He is stupid, and lazy too.) (Colloquial)

ê òîìó æå, êðîìå òîãî, áîëåå òîãî, ñâåðõ òîãî (furthermore, moreover, besides, also)

e.g. … Ê òîìó æå, îí ëþáèë ñâîþ ðîäèíó. (… Furthermore, he loved his country.) (More or less interchangeable phrases; frequently used at the start of a sentence)

âäîáàâîê (furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, also)

e.g. Îí âñåãäà ãðóáèò, äà âäîáàâîê åù¸ è ëæ¸ò. (He is rude and he also lies.) (Colloquial) èñïîëíÿòü (I) ðîëè ó÷åíèê ïîëó÷àòü (I) äåíüãè

to perform roles pupil to receive money

A new ab initio Russian course

èíîñòðàíåö foreigner îäíîêëàññíèê classmate îòåö-îäèíî÷êà single father

ìàòü-ãåðîèíÿ heroine of motherhood ìîñêâè÷(êà) Muscovite 241

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following passage with the help of the vocabulary at the foot of the page. Then answer the questions in English. Êàæäîå ëåòî ìû ñ áðàòîì Êîëåé è ò¸òåé Ìàðãàðèòîé åçäèì ê áàáóøêå è äåäóøêå â ãîðîä Êóðãàí, â äàë¸êóþ Ñèáèðü. Äîðîãà òóäà èç Ìîñêâû çàíèìàåò ïðàêòè÷åñêè òðè äíÿ.  ïîåçäå ìû èãðàåì â êàðòû, ÷èòàåì æóðíàëû, ñìîòðèì â îêíî è ïî¸ì ðóññêèå íàðîäíûå ïåñíè. Ìîÿ ëþáèìàÿ ïåñíÿ íàçûâàåòñÿ «Ìèëåíüêèé òû ìîé». Ìíå î÷åíü íðàâÿòñÿ ñëîâà è ìåëîäèÿ. Ìîé áðàò ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ñëîâà áàíàëüíûå è íåèíòåðåñíûå, íî îí íå ïîíèìàåò, ÷òî òàêîå íàñòîÿùàÿ ëþáîâü. Ìû ïðèåçæàåì â Êóðãàí ðàíî óòðîì. Äåäóøêà âñòðå÷àåò íàñ, ïîêà áàáóøêà ïå÷¸ò íàì áëèíû íà çàâòðàê. Ìû íî÷óåì ó áàáóøêè è äåäóøêè â êâàðòèðå â öåíòðå ãîðîäà, à íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü ìû âñå âìåñòå îòïðàâëÿåìñÿ íà äà÷ó, â äåðåâíþ, ãäå ìû ïðîâîäèì âñ¸ ëåòî. Ó áàáóøêè è äåäóøêè ñâîÿ äà÷à. Ìíå î÷åíü íðàâèòñÿ æèòü íà äà÷å, íî Êîëÿ æàëóåòñÿ íà òî, ÷òî ýëåêòðè÷åñòâî ÷àñòî íå ðàáîòàåò è íåò ãîðÿ÷åé âîäû. Ó íàñ â äåðåâíå ìíîãî çíàêîìûõ - Èãîðü, Ïåòÿ, Êàòÿ, Ãàëÿ è Èííà. Ìû ñ ðåáÿòàìè êóïàåìñÿ, êàòàåìñÿ íà âåëîñèïåäå è ñîáèðàåì ãðèáû è ÿãîäû. Âå÷åðîì ìû îáû÷íî ïî¸ì ïåñíè èëè ÷èòàåì ñòèõè ó êîñòðà. Èíîãäà äåäóøêà ðàññêàçûâàåò íàì î Âåëèêîé Îòå÷åñòâåííîé Âîéíå, à áàáóøêà ïëà÷åò. Ÿ îòåö è ìàòü ïîãèáëè âî âðåìÿ âîéíû, à áðàò áûë ñåðü¸çíî ðàíåí.  äåðåâíå ó âñåõ åñòü æèâîòíûå, îñîáåííî ñîáàêè, êîòû è öûïëÿòà. Ó ñîñåäà Àëåêñàíäðà Èâàíîâè÷à åñòü êîç¸ë è êîçà. Ó êîçû êàæäîå ëåòî ðîæäàåòñÿ êîçë¸íîê. Êîçëÿòà, ïî-ìîåìó, î÷åíü ìèëûå è äðóæåëþáíûå æèâîòíûå, íî ÿ áîëüøå âñåãî ëþáëþ æåðåáÿò, îñëÿò è ïîíè. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ó íàñ äîìà, â Ìîñêâå, íåò æèâîòíûõ, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìàìà äóìàåò, ÷òî â íàøåé êâàðòèðå è òàê ñëèøêîì òåñíî. Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî â ëåñó åñòü ìíîãî çâåðåé, â òîì ÷èñëå îëåíåé, ìåäâåäåé è äàæå ñèáèðñêèõ òèãðîâ. ß îäíàæäû âèäåëà ìåäâåäèöó ñ ìåäâåæàòàìè, íî òèãðîâ, íàâåðíîå, óæå íåò. Êîëÿ ìåíÿ óâåðÿåò, ÷òî â ëåñó òàêæå âîäÿòñÿ âîëêè. Îí î÷åíü áîèòñÿ âîëêîâ, ïîýòîìó îí òàì ñ íàìè íå ãóëÿåò. Êàê ãîâîðèòñÿ, âîëêîâ áîÿòüñÿ - â ëåñ íå õîäèòü. äàë¸êèé ñìîòðåòü (II) â îêíî äîðîãà çàíèìàåò íàðîäíàÿ ïåñíÿ ìèëåíüêèé ñëîâî áàíàëüíûé íàñòîÿùèé ëþáîâü (f) ïðèåçæàòü (I) âñòðå÷àòü (I) ïå÷ü (ïåêó, ïå÷¸øü, ïåêóò) áëèí íî÷åâàòü (III) íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü îòïðàâëÿòüñÿ (I) ïðîâîäèòü (II) æàëîâàòüñÿ (III) íà (+ acc) òî, ÷òî ðåá¸íîê (pl ðåáÿòà)

242

far away to look out of the window the journey takes folk song dear, darling word trite, banal real love to arrive to meet to cook, bake pancake to spend the night the next day to set off to spend (time) to complain about the fact that child (children; lads)

êóïàòüñÿ (I) êàòàòüñÿ (I) íà âåëîñèïåäå ñîáèðàòü (I) ÿãîäà ãðèá êîñò¸ð ïëàêàòü (ïëà÷ó, ïëà÷åøü) ïîãèáíóòü (pf) (îíè) ïîãèáëè âî âðåìÿ (+ gen) áûë ðàíåí ó âñåõ (åñòü) æèâîòíîå îñîáåííî â òîì ÷èñëå (+ acc) öûïë¸íîê (pl öûïëÿòà) êîç¸ë/êîçà ðîæäàòüñÿ (I) êîçë¸íîê (pl êîçëÿòà) ìèëûé

to go bathing to go cycling to gather, pick berry, soft fruit mushroom bonfire to weep, cry to die they died during, at the time of was wounded everyone has animal, pet especially including chicken goat to be born kid dear

äðóæåëþáíûé ðàíî æåðåá¸íîê (pl æåðåáÿòà) îñë¸íîê (pl îñëÿòà) ïîíè (indeclinable) ñëèøêîì òåñíî çâåðü (m) îëåíü (m) ìåäâåäü (m) ÿ óâèäåë(à) îäíàæäû ìåäâåäèöà ìåäâåæîíîê (pl ìåäâåæàòà) íàâåðíîå óâåðÿòü (I) (+ acc) âîëê áîÿòüñÿ (+ gen) (áîþñü, áîèøüñÿ) âîäèòüñÿ (II) êàê ãîâîðèòñÿ

friendly early foal foal (of ass) pony too (many) cramped wild animal deer bear I saw once she-bear bear cub probably to assure wolf to be afraid of to inhabit as the saying goes

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

How long does the journey take? Name three of the activities which occupy the children’s time on the train. Why does Kolya not like the song ‘Milen’kii ty moi’? How long do the children spend at the dacha? Why does Kolya not like living at the dacha? Name three activities that the children undertake during the day. Why does the grandmother sometimes cry in the evening? Which are the most popular animals in the village? What are the narrator’s favourite animals? Why do the children not have pets in Moscow? Why does Kolya not play in the forest? What do you think the Russian proverb «âîëêîâ áîÿòüñÿ - â ëåñ íå õîäèòü» means?

Chapter 13

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following traditional folk song. If you are musically inclined, you may also wish to sing it in pairs. ÌÈËÅÍÜÊÈÉ ÒÛ ÌÎÉ

MY DEAREST

- Ìèëåíüêèé òû ìîé, Âîçüìè ìåíÿ ñ ñîáîé! Òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, Áóäó òåáå æåíîé.

My dearest, Take me with you! In that far-away land I will be your wife.

- Ìèëàÿ ìîÿ, Âçÿë áû ÿ òåáÿ. Íî òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, Åñòü ó ìåíÿ æåíà.

My dear, I would take you. But in that far-away land I have a wife.

- Ìèëåíüêèé òû ìîé, Âîçüìè ìåíÿ ñ ñîáîé! Òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, Áóäó òåáå ñåñòðîé.

My dearest, Take me with you! In that far-away land I will be your sister.

- Ìèëàÿ ìîÿ, Âçÿë áû ÿ òåáÿ. Íî òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, Åñòü ó ìåíÿ ñåñòðà.

My dear, I would take you. But in that far-away land I have a sister.

- Ìèëåíüêèé òû ìîé, Âîçüìè ìåíÿ ñ ñîáîé! Òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, Áóäó òåáå ÷óæîé.

My dearest, Take me with you! In that far-away land I’ll be a stranger to you.

- Ìèëàÿ ìîÿ, Âçÿë áû ÿ òåáÿ. Íî òàì, â êðàþ äàë¸êîì, ×óæàÿ òû ìíå íå íóæíà.

My dear, I would take you. But in that far-away land A stranger is not what I need.

A new ab initio Russian course

243

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

GRAMMAR 1. Pronouns THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS (I, YOU, HE, SHE, WE, YOU, THEY)

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ÿ ìåíÿ ìåíÿ ìíå (ñî) ìíîé (îáî) ìíå

òû òåáÿ òåáÿ òåáå òîáîé (î) òåáå

îí (í)åãî* (í)åãî* (í)åìó* (í)èì* (î) í¸ì

îíà (í)å¸* (í)å¸* (í)åé* (í)åþ (åé)* (î) íåé

ìû íàñ íàñ íàì íàìè (î) íàñ

âû âàñ âàñ âàì âàìè (î) âàñ

îíè (í)èõ* (í)èõ* (í)èì* (í)èìè* (î) íèõ

* The sound í precedes all forms of the prepositions îí, îíà and îíè, whenever they follow a preposition; compare: (acc) (gen) (dat) (instr)

ÿ âåðþ â íåãî - I believe in him; ÿ ëþáëþ åãî - I love him ýòî îò íå¸ - this is from her; ÿ áîþñü å¸ - I am afraid of her îíà èä¸ò ê íåìó - she’s going to his place; îíà ïîìîãàåò åìó - she helps him îí ãîâîðèò ñ íåé - he speaks to her; îí èíòåðåñóåòñÿ åþ - he’s interested in her

Note that prepositions are not followed by the Nominative and that the Prepositional case by definition always requires the sound í; e.g. (prep.) ìû ÷àñòî äóìàåì î íèõ - we often think about them

THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (MY/MINE, YOUR/YOURS, HIS, HER/HERS, OUR/OURS, YOUR/ YOURS, THEIR/THEIRS) SINGULAR

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ìîé ìîé/ìîåãî* ìîåãî ìîåìó ìîèì (î) ìî¸ì

òâîé òâîé/òâîåãî* òâîåãî òâîåìó òâîèì (î) òâî¸ì

Masculine åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ (î) åãî (î) å¸

íàø íàø/íàøåãî* íàøåãî íàøåìó íàøèì (î) íàøåì

âàø âàø/âàøåãî* âàøåãî âàøåìó âàøèì (î) âàøåì

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ìî¸ ìî¸ ìîåãî ìîåìó ìîèì (î) ìî¸ì

òâî¸ òâî¸ òâîåãî òâîåìó òâîèì (î) òâî¸ì

Neuter åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ (î) åãî (î) å¸

íàøå íàøå íàøåãî íàøåìó íàøèì (î) íàøåì

âàøå âàøå âàøåãî âàøåìó âàøèì (î) âàøåì

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

òâîÿ òâîþ òâîåé òâîåé òâîåé (î) òâîåé

Feminine åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ åãî å¸ (î) åãî (î) å¸

íàøà íàøó íàøåé íàøåé íàøåé (î) íàøåé

âàøà âàøó âàøåé âàøåé âàøåé (î) âàøåé

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep 244

ìîÿ ìîþ ìîåé ìîåé ìîåé (î) ìîåé

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ìîè ìîè/ìîèõ* ìîèõ ìîèì ìîèìè (î) ìîèõ

òâîè òâîè/òâîèõ* òâîèõ òâîèì òâîèìè (î) òâîèõ

All genders åãî å¸ íàøè åãî å¸ íàøè/íàøèõ* åãî å¸ íàøèõ åãî å¸ íàøèì åãî å¸ íàøèìè (î) åãî (î) å¸ (î) íàøèõ

âàøè âàøè/âàøèõ* âàøèõ âàøèì âàøèìè (î) âàøèõ

èõ èõ èõ èõ èõ (îá) èõ

Chapter 13

PLURAL

THE REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN ÑÂÎÉ (ONE’S OWN)

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

Masculine ñâîé ñâîé/ñâîåãî* ñâîåãî ñâîåìó ñâîèì (î) ñâî¸ì

Neuter ñâî¸ ñâî¸ ñâîåãî ñâîåìó ñâîèì (î) ñâî¸ì

Feminine ñâîÿ ñâîþ ñâîåé ñâîåé ñâîåé (î) ñâîåé

Plural ñâîè ñâîè/ñâîèõ* ñâîèõ ñâîèì ñâîèìè (î) ñâîèõ

* The Genitive case is used whenever animate nouns are in the Accusative (except where the nouns are feminine singular). This form is known as the Animate Accusative:

îíà õîðîøî çíàåò ìîåãî áðàòà - she knows my brother well ìû íå ïîíèìàåì íàøåãî ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ - we don’t understand our teacher êàê çîâóò âàøåãî ñûíà? - what’s your son called? òû âèäèøü ìîåãî ðåá¸íêà? - can you see my child? but îí óâàæàåò ñâîþ ò¸òþ - he respects his aunt THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ÊÎÒÎÐÛÉ (WHO, WHICH)

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

Masculine êîòîðûé êîòîðûé/êîòîðîãî êîòîðîãî êîòîðîìó êîòîðûì (î) êîòîðîì

Neuter êîòîðîå êîòîðîå êîòîðîãî êîòîðîìó êîòîðûì (î) êîòîðîì

Feminine êîòîðàÿ êîòîðóþ êîòîðîé êîòîðîé êîòîðîé (î) êîòîðîé

Plural êîòîðûå êîòîðûå/êîòîðûõ êîòîðûõ êîòîðûì êîòîðûìè (î) êîòîðûõ

THE INTERROGATIVE/RELATIVE PRONOUNS ÊÒÎ (WHO), ×ÒÎ (WHAT) AND ×ÅÉ (WHOSE)

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

êòî êîãî êîãî êîìó êåì (î) êîì

÷òî ÷òî ÷åãî ÷åìó ÷åì (î) ÷¸ì

A new ab initio Russian course

Masculine ÷åé ÷åé/÷üåãî ÷üåãî ÷üåìó ÷üèì (î) ÷ü¸ì

Neuter ÷ü¸ ÷ü¸ ÷üåãî ÷üåìó ÷üèì (î) ÷ü¸ì

Feminine ÷üÿ ÷üþ ÷üåé ÷üåé ÷üåé (î) ÷üåé

Plural ÷üè ÷üè/÷üèõ ÷üèõ ÷üèì ÷üèìè (î) ÷üèõ

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Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

THE DETERMINATIVE PRONOUN ÂÅÑÜ (ALL)

Masculine Nom âåñü Acc âåñü/âñåãî Gen âñåãî Dat âñåìó Instr (ñî) âñåì Prep (îáî) âñ¸ì

Neuter âc¸* âñ¸ âñåãî âñåìó (ñî) âñåì (îáî) âñ¸ì

Feminine âñÿ âñþ âñåé âñåé (ñî) âñåé (îáî) âñåé

Plural âñå** âñå/âñåõ âñåõ âñåì (ñî) âñåìè (îáî) âñåõ

* âc¸ also means everything and is followed by a (neuter) singular verb; e.g âñ¸ (áûëî) â ïîðÿäêå - everything is (was) OK ** âñå also means everyone/everybody and is followed by a plural verb; e.g. âñå (áûëè) â óíèâåðñèòåòå - they are (were) all at the university

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the appropriate form of the personal pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

246

Ìîé áðàò íå ëþáèò Îíà ÷àñòî ãîâîðèò ñî Îíè Ýòî ïîðäàðîê îò ß íèêîãäà íå äóìàþ î ß ëþáëþ Ñêîëüêî ß âèæó Ìîÿ ñåñòðà æèâ¸ò ñ Ìû èä¸ì ê

íå ïîíèìàþò. ëåò?

. . . . . . . .

(ÿ) (ÿ) (ìû) (îíà) (îíè) (òû) (âû) (îí) (îí) (îíà)

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

áðàòà çîâóò ϸòð. ò¸òþ? ìàòåðè ëåò? îòöà? ñåìüå. ãîðîäå íåò êèíî. ìàøèíà. äåòåé. áàáóøêå. ñ¸ñòðàìè.

(ìîé) (âàøà) (òâîÿ) (ìîé) (íàøà) (èõ) (ñâîÿ) (ñâîè) (ñâîÿ) (ìîè)

Êàê çîâóò Ñêîëüêî Çíàåòå ëè âû Îíà ðàçãîâàðèâàåò î Â Ó íå¸ Îí ëþáèò Ìû èä¸ì ê Îíà ãîâîðèò ñ

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Æåíùèíà, æèâ¸ò â äîìå ¹ 5, ÷àñòî ïîìîãàåò ìîåé ìàìå. ß çíàþ àíãëè÷àíèíà, èãðàåò â àìåðèêàíñêèé ôóòáîë. Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ äîì, íàõîäèòñÿ ó ðåêè. Øêîëà, î ÿ ãîâîðþ, íàçûâàåòñÿ Èòîí-Êîëëåäæ. ß êóïèëà â Àâñòðàëèè ðàäèî, óæå íå ðàáîòàåò. Äåâóøêà, ñ òû âñåãäà ãîâîðèøü, íå çíàåò ìîåãî áðàòà. Ìíå íå íðàâÿòñÿ ñèãàðåòû, òû êóðèøü. ß íå çíàþ ìàëü÷èêà, çîâóò Ïåòÿ. Îíà íå ëþáèò ó÷èòåëüíèöó, çîâóò Àííà Ïàâëîâíà. Òðîìáîí, íà èãðàåò ìîé äåä, óæå î÷åíü ñòàðûé.

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of êîòîðûé.

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Whose is this computer? Whose are these pencils? Whose is this book? About whose wife is he speaking? With whose sister does she live? In whose house does he live? Who are you speaking about? What are you speaking about? Who were you with yesterday? I don’t know what you are afraid of.

________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

Chapter 13

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian.

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of âåñü. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Ìû ïðîâîäèì Îí ñúåë

ëåòî â Ñèáèðè. õëåá. âðåìÿ Îí ÷èòàåò íîâûå êíèãè. Îíè ìíîãî çíàþò î æèâîòíûõ â ëåñó. Ó÷èòåëüíèöà ñî ñâîèìè ó÷åíèêàìè. ß ïðîåõàë ïî Ðîññèè. Âî ìèðå. Ýòî ïîäàðîê îò ìîèõ äðóçåé. ñòðàíà ãîâîðèò òîëüêî î ôóòáîëå. Îí ïðàâ âî îòíîøåíèÿõ.

2.

Miscellaneous noun types MASCULINE NOUNS ENDING IN -ÎÍÎÊ, -¨ÍÎÊ

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

Singular ðåá¸íîê* ðåá¸íêà ðåá¸íêà ðåá¸íêó ðåá¸íêîì (î) ðåá¸íêå

Plural ðåáÿòà ðåáÿò ðåáÿò ðåáÿòàì ðåáÿòàìè (î) ðåáÿòàõ

Singular ìåäâåæîíîê ìåäâåæîíêà ìåäâåæîíêà ìåäâåæîíêó ìåäâåæîíêîì (î) ìåäâåæîíêå

Plural ìåäâåæàòà ìåäâåæàò ìåäâåæàò ìåäâåæàòàì ìåäâåæàòàìè (î) ìåäâåæàòàõ

* The form ðåáÿòà frequently means ‘lads’. The normal plural of ðåá¸íîê (child) is äåòè (children). Note the special forms äâîå/òðîå/÷åòâåðî äåòåé.

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

äåòè äåòåé äåòåé äåòÿì äåòüìè (î) äåòÿõ

A new ab initio Russian course

247

Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

MASCULINE NOUNS ENDING IN -ÀÍÈÍ, -ßÍÈÍ (E.G. ÀÐÌßÍÈÍ - ARMENIAN)

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

Singular àíãëè÷àíèí àíãëè÷àíèíà àíãëè÷àíèíà àíãëè÷àíèíó àíãëè÷àíèíîì (îá) àíãëè÷àíèíå

Plural àíãëè÷àíå àíãëè÷àí àíãëè÷àí àíãëè÷àíàì àíãëè÷àíàìè (îá) àíãëè÷àíàõ

Singular àðìÿíèí àðìÿíèíà àðìÿíèíà àðìÿíèíó àðìÿíèíîì (îá) àðìÿíèíå

Plural àðìÿíå àðìÿí àðìÿí àðìÿíàì àðìÿíàìè (îá) àðìÿíàõ

NEUTER NOUNS ENDING IN -ß (E.G. ÈÌß, ÂÐÅÌß, ÏËÀÌß [FLAME])

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

Singular èìÿ èìÿ èìåíè èìåíè èìåíåì (îá) èìåíè

Plural èìåíà èìåíà èì¸í èìåíàì èìåíàìè (îá) èìåíàõ

3. Summary of prepositions taking the Accusative â(î)/íà

(motion towards) (to) (expressions of time etc.) (in, on, for, at)

çà … äî çà

(… before) (during) (behind - motion) (for)

÷åðåç

(in …[’s time]) (over, across) (through, by means of) (ago) (each) (under - motion) (through)

íàçàä ïî ïîä ñêâîçü

248

ÿ èäó â ïàðê îí èä¸ò íà êîíöåðò â ïÿòíèöó / â òîò äåíü â ìåñÿö / â òðè ÷àñà îí ïðèåõàë íà íåäåëþ íà Ðîæäåñòâî îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñ çà íåäåëþ äî êîíöà çà ñóòêè ñåñòü çà ñòîë ñïàñèáî çà ïîìîùü ïëàòèòü çà òîâàðû ÷åðåç íåäåëþ / ìåñÿö ÷åðåç îêåàí ÷åðåç äðóçåé íåäåëþ / ãîä íàçàä ïî äâà / äâîå ïîñòàâèòü ïîä ñòîë ñìåõ ñêâîçü ñë¸çû

I’m going to the park he’s going to a concert on Friday / on that day in a month / at three o’clock he came for a month at Christmas to answer (literally: reply to) a question a week before the end in the space of twenty-four hours to sit at the table thanks for the help to pay for the goods in a week(’s time) / in a month across the ocean through the friends a week / year ago in pairs / twos to put under the table laughter through tears

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 13 A new ab initio Russian course

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CHAPTER 14

×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER FOURTEEN - ×ÅÒÛÐÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ THE WEATHER

–

ÏÎÃÎÄÀ

In Chapter Fourteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to understand a Russian weather forecast to enquire about the weather to compare the weather in different seasons and countries to express ideas relating to frequency

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

adverbs derived from adjectives the verb áûâàòü and ‘frequency’ adverbs negative adverbs the future tense of the verb áûòü the comparative of adjectives and adverbs the superlative of adjectives and adverbs

Activity One - Gthdjt çàäàíèå Reading Read the texts A and <, then answer the questions following the texts. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you. Âðåìåíà ãîäà â Ðîññèè F& Pbvf - cfvjt [jkjlyjt dhtvz ujlf d Hjccbb& Jyf ghjljk;ftncz nhb vtczwf - ltrf,hm^ zydfhm b atdhfkm& Heccrbt k.,zn pbve% t/ vjhjpyst^ cjkytxyst b cyt;yst lyb& Vyjubt ,then jngecr pbvjq*^ xnj,s rfnfnmcz yf rjymrf[ bkb yf ks;f[& D vfhnt yfxbyftncz dtcyf& D fghtkt gjzdkz.ncz gthdst ptk/yst kbcnmz b nhfdf& D vft xfcnj ,sdf.n uhjps^ yj gjujlf dc/ hfdyj n/gkfz& Dtplt wdtnen yfhwbccs^ n.kmgfys b kfylsib& J,sxyj d Hjccbb n/gkjt^ f byjulf lf;t ;fhrjt ktnj& Ctynz,hm - yfxfkj jctyb& Gjujlf to/ yt [jkjlyfz^ yj e;t b yt n/gkfz ghj[kflyfz& Jrnz,hm b yjz,hm e;t [jkjlyst vtczws& Xfcnj blen lj;lb b letn dtnth& Cnjbn [jkjlyfz b cshfz gjujlf& <& D Hjccbb pbvjq* jxtym [jkjlyj& Pbvf ghjljk;ftncz nhb vtczwf - ltrf,hm^ zydfhm b atdhfkm& Heccrbt jxtym k.,zn pbve^ rjulf yf ekbwt vjhjpyj^ cjkytxyj b cyt;yj& Vyjubt ,then jngecr pbvjq^ xnj,s rfnfnmcz yf rjymrf[ bkb yf ks;f[& Dtcyf ghb[jlbn d vfhnt^ rjulf yfxbyftn nfznm cytu& D fghtkt yf ekbwt e;t ptktyj& D vft xfcnj ,sdf.n uhjps^ yj dc/ hfdyj ntgkj& Dtplt wdtnen yfhwbccs^ n.kmgfys b kfylsib& J,sxyj d Hjccbb ktnjv* ntgkj^ f byjulf lf;t ;fhrj& Ctynz,hm - yfxfkj jctyb& Yf ekbwt to/ yt [jkjlyj^ yj e;t b yt ntgkj - ghj[kflyj& D jrnz,ht b yjz,ht e;t [jkjlyj& Xfcnj blen lj;lb b letn dtnth& Yf ekbwt [jkjlyj b cshj& * The Instrumental case is used to denote seasons of the year and parts of the day; e.g. pbvjq^ dtcyjq^ ktnjv^ jctym. (in the winter, spring, summer, autumn); enhjv^ ly/v^ dtxthjv^ yjxm. (in the morning, afternoon, evening, at night). 250

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Rfrfz* gjujlf d Hjccbb pbvjq$ Rfr yf ekbwt pbvjq$ Rfr yf ekbwt d fghtkt$ Rfrfz gjujlf cnjbn d vft$ Rfr yf ekbwt d vft$ Rfrjt j,sxyj d Hjccbb ktnj$ Rfr j,sxyj d Hjccbb ktnjv$ Rfrfz gjujlf j,sxyj cnjbn d ctynz,ht$ Rfr yf ekbwt d ctynz,ht$ Rfrfz gjujlf cnjbn d jrnz,ht b yjz,ht$ Rfr yf ekbwt d jrnz,ht b yjz,ht$

Chapter 14

1. 2. 3. 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11&

* In your answer you have to choose either an adjective or an adverb from texts A or < depending on the question, i.e. êàêîé (-àÿ^ -îå^ -èå)$ requires an adjective in the answer whereas êàê$ requires an adverb.

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Read the text below and fill in the gaps forming the appropriate adverb from the adjectives given in the box. Listen to the tape to check your answers. lj;lkbdsq (rainy) cjkytxysq (sunny) htlrbq (rare)

[jkjlysq gfcvehysq

nevfyysq (foggy) dtnhtysq (windy) n/gksq

j,kfxysq (cloudy) yt [jkjlysq  

Îñåíü Heccrbt ujdjhzn% «Ctynz,hm - pjkjnfz jctym», gjnjve xnj nhfdf b kbcnmz e;t yt ptk/yst^ f ;/knst& D ctynz,ht to/ ___ ____________ b xfcnj ,sdf.n cjkytxyst lyb& Jrnz,hm e;t ghj[kflysq vtczw& Cjkywt cdtnbn ____________ b gjýnjve yf ekbwt ____________ b ____________& Enhjv xfcnj ,sdftn nevfy^ f ly/v j,kfrf& Njulf gj hflbj ujdjhzn% «Ctujlyz enhjv ____________^ f ly/v ____________». D yjz,ht xfcnj blen lj;lb b letn dtnth& K.lb yt [jnzn ,hfnm jngecr^ rjulf yf ekbwt ____________ b ____________& Cfvjt gjgekzhyjt dhtvz lkz jngecrjd - ktnj^ rjulf yf ekbwt ____________ b ____________& çèìà cfvsq [jkjlysq dhtvz ujlf ghjljk;fnmcz (I) vjhjpysq/vjhjpyj cjkytxysq/cjkytxyj cyt;ysq/cyt;yj vyjubt ,then jngecr bl/n lj;lm (m) gjzdkznmcz (I) ptk/ysq/ptktyj kbcn (kbcnmz) nhfdf ,sdf.n uhjps

winter the coldest season to last frosty sunny snowy many people take (a/their) holiday it is raining to appear green leaf (leaves) grass there are storms

A new ab initio Russian course

dc/ hfdyj n/gksq/ntgkj dtplt wdtcnb (wdtne^ wdtn/n^ wdtnen) wdtnjr (wdtns) yfhwbcc n.kmgfy kfylsi gfcvehysq n/gksq/ntgkj byjulf ;fhrbq/;fhrj ktnj yfxfkj jctym

still, nevertheless warm everywhere to flower flower(s) daffodil tulip lily of the valley overcast warm sometimes hot summer beginning autumn

[jkjlysq/[jkjlyj ghj[kflysq/ ghj[kflyj blen lj;lb letn dtnth gjujlf cnjbn cshjq/cshj yf ekbwt htlrbq dtcyf ghb[jlbn nfznm cytu pjkjnjq cjkywt cdtnbn j,kfrj njulf

cold cool it rains it’s windy the weather is damp outside rare spring comes to melt snow golden the sun shines cloud then

251

×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Translate the following phrases into Russian, then listen to the texts from Activities One and Two. Can you find these phrases in the texts? Number them in order of their appearance. @ &&& @ &&& @ &&& @ &&&  

It is cold and damp outside. It is very cold in Russia in winter. It is cold and overcast outside. Usually it is warm in Russia in summer.

Note: whereas in English we say ‘it is’ when talking about the weather (e.g. ‘it is cold’), the Russian equivalent is simply [jkjlyj. In Russian, the word ‘it’ is always omitted and the verb ‘to be’ is only used in the past and future tenses. Usually, the order of the remaining words is reversed (i.e. the Russian adverb comes at the end of the sentence); e.g. ctujlyz [jkjlyj - it is cold today; dxthf ,skj [jkjlyj - it was cold yesterday&

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures and complete the sentences by each one. Use the appropriate adverb and tense of the verb ‘to be’ - ,snm. The first one is done for you. Dxthf ,skj* lj;lkbdj&

Ctujlyz ______________& Pfdnhf* _______________&

Dxthf_________________&

Ctujlyz_______________&

Pfdnhf________________&

f

Dxthf_________________&

Ctujlyz_______________&

Pfdnhf________________& * Use the neuter singular ,skj for the past tense and ,eltn for the future tense.   252

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

z ns jy/jyf/jyj vs ds jyb

,eltim ,eltn ,elen ,ele ,eltv ,eltnt

we will be he/she/it will be they will be you will be (informal) I will be you will be (formal plural)

Chapter 14

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Sort out the correct forms of the future tense for the verb ‘to be’ by drawing arrows linking the appropriate parts. In order to help you, one of the forms which you have just met has been done for you. (You can check your solution by referring to the Grammar section.)

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the part of A and your partner plays the role of B, then reverse the roles. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. A 1. Say good morning. Say that the weather is very cold today. Ask whether he/she knows what the temperature is. Say that you read in the paper that it will be rainy in the afternoon. Say that the weather is very changeable in the autumn and that you always have your umbrella with you (c cj,jq)&

B Reply appropriately. Say: “Yes, it is very cold and windy”. Say that you heard on the radio that it will be +3º C* today. Say that you do not have an umbrella because it was dry yesterday.

2. Your partner (A) who normally lives in the Crimea is visiting you (B) in Moscow in December: A Say that it is very frosty weather in Moscow. Say that the weather in the Crimea is dry and sunny now. Reply that it is usually +12º C in December. Say that you rarely have frost and snow in the Crimea.

B Say that it is always cold in Moscow in December. Ask about the temperature. Express your surprise (e.g. yte;tkb$!). Add that it is often –20ºC in Moscow in December. Say that in Moscow it can be frosty even in March.

* There are two constructions for expressing temperature, i.e. +3ºC - nhb uhflecf ntgkf (literally: three degrees of warmth) or gk.c nhb (plus three) and –20ºC - ldflwfnm uhflecjd vjhjpf (twenty degrees of frost) or vbyec ldflwfnm (minus twenty).

The verb áûâàòü and the ‘frequency’ adverbs In Russian, as you already know, the verb ‘to be’ is usually ,snm. There is another verb, ,sdfnm (I), which also means ‘to be’ (you met it in the texts in Activity One). This verb is used to denote frequency or repetition and is usually preceded by an adverb such as often, rarely, sometimes etc. z htlrj ,sdf. d Vjcrdt dtcyjq xfcnj ,sdf.n uhjps pjyn ce[jq/ce[j bpvtyxbdsq

umbrella dry changeable

A new ab initio Russian course

- I am rarely in Moscow - there are often thunderstorms in spring c cj,jq vjhjp d Rhsve

with oneself frost in the Crimea

yte;tkb lf;t

really even

 

  253

×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Speaking Read the expressions in the table below and work out the meanings of the ones that you do not know. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page, if necessary. Rank them in order of frequency in the boxes provided (the words denoting greater frequency are towards the top of the list). Some are already done for you. Then answer the questions below in Russian. bphtlrf dctulf

dhtvz jn dhtvtyb = ljdjkmyj gjxnb dc/ byjulf (dhtvtyfvb) xfcnj dhtvz dc/ dhtvz ybrjulf jxtym xfcnj htuekzhyj

htlrj xfcnj

1. dctulf/dc/ dhtvz 2. 3. 4. 5. xfcnj 6. 7. 8. 9. dhtvz jn dhtvtyb 10. 11. ybrjulf (yt)*

* The particle yt is always used when the negative adverb is followed by a verb, but is omitted when there is no verb: d Fahbrt ybrjulf yt bl/n cytu - it never snows in Africa d Fahbrt byjulf ,sdftn cytu$ - ytn^ ybrjulf - does it sometime Snow in Africa? - no, never

There are a number of negative adverbs which are also followed by particles yt/ytn& (For more details see the Grammar section.)

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8&

Rfr xfcnj ns ,sdftim d rbyj$ Ns dctulf ,sdftim ljvf dtxthjv$ Ns htlrj ,sdftim d ntfnht jgths b ,fktnf$ Ns byjulf ,sdftim d Gfhb;t$ Ns htuekzhyj pfybvftimcz cgjhnjv$ Ns byjulf ckeiftim hflbj$ Ns xfcnj buhftim d ujkma$ Rfr xfcnj ns cvjnhbim ntktdbpjh$

bphtlrf dhtvz jn dhtvtyb = dhtvtyfvb ljdjkmyj gjxnb  

254

 

occasionally from time to time quite almost  

dc/ dhtvz htlrj ybrjulf htuekzhyj  

all the time rarely never regularly S azov (Russian from Scratch )

cjkywt lj;lm cytu vjhjp nevfy dtnth ehfufy pfce[f ntvgthfnehf dsit 30ºC

ljdjkmyj xfcnj                

gjxnb dctulf                

Chapter 14

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the recordings about typical weather conditions in Great Britain and Indonesia, and fill in the missing information in the table below. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you, but do not expect to understand every word .   GJUJLF DTKBRJ
Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Look at the pictures of the newspaper cuttings below which explain the symbols that are used on Russian and British weather maps. Work out an English or Russian equivalent in the case of each duplicated symbol, completing the table provided.  

    Ntvgthfnehf djple[f ly/v (b yjxm.) Rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb     Gthtvtyyfz j,kfxyjcnm Ntvgthfnehf djls 

Sunny     Rain Overcast  

Now try to link with arrows the remaining English phrases with their Russian equivalents in the columns below. Check your answers in the vocabulary list at the foot of the following page. cloudy drizzle hail sleet & sunny showers snow lightning wind speed & direction Dtkbrj,hbnfybz Byljytpbz [jnz gjlybvfnmcz (I) dsit (+ gen) chtlybq

Great Britain Indonisia although to rise above average

A new ab initio Russian course

rhfnrjdhtvtyysq lj;lm cj cytujv cytu uhfl j,kfxyj vjkybz vjhjczobq lj;lm yfghfdktybt b cbkf dtnhf

pfce[f nevfy byjcnhfytw (byjcnhfyrf) cbkmysq ehfufy hfcgjkj;ty(-f^ -j)

drought fog foreigner strong hurricane is situated

dljkm (+ gen) ýrdfnjh vt;le (+ instr) Cbyufgeh rjhjnrbq k/urbq

along equator between Singapore short light

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×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the weather forecast for the various regions of the CIS and complete the table below, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. The first one is partially done for you. Weather

Moscow

drizzle

St. Petersburg  

Crimea  

Central Asia

Siberia

 

 

Urals    

sunny

 

 

 

 

 

 

sunny intervals

 

 

 

 

 

 

cloudy

water temperature windy

       

showers dry

showers with sleet lightning hail

air temperature

afternoon air temp. night air temp.

      +18ºC +20ºC    

             

   

             

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

             

   

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the information from the table in Activity Ten, ask your partner about the weather conditions in the various regions of the CIS. Swap roles after each question. Use the following as a guide. A. Á. A. Á. A. Á.

- Rfrfz ctujlyz gjujlf d Vjcrdt$ - Ctujlyz d Vjcrdt rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb& - Rfrfz gjujlf ,eltn* d Vjcrdt pfdnhf$ - Pfdnhf d Vjcrdt ,elen* rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb& - Rfrfz gjujlf ,skf* d Vjcrdt dxthf$ - Dxthf d Vjcrdt ,skb* rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb&

* Remember that the form of the verb ,snm in the future tense depends on the number of the noun which it precedes; in the past tense it depends on both the gender and number. If the verb ,snm is followed by an adverb, remember to use the neuter singular form (past or future); e.g. dxthf d Vjcrdt ,skj lj;lkbdj / pfdnhf d Vjcrdt ,eltn lj;lkbdj - it was rainy in Moscow yesterday / it will be rainy in Moscow tomorrow&

ghjuyjp gjujls j,kfcnm (f) j;blfnmcz (I) rhfnrjdhtvtyysq lj;lm djple[ gthtvtyyfz j,kfxyjcnm (f)

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weather forecast region to be expected shower air sunny interval(s)

gjkjdbyf djpvj;ty (djpvj;yf^ -j^ -s) djlf Abycrbq pfkbd Chtlyzz Fpbz uhfl yf Ehfkt

half is/are possible water Gulf of Finland Central Asia hail in the Urals

vjhjczobq lj;lm j,kfxysq/j,kfxyj rhfnrjdhtvtyysq lj;lm cj cytujv vjkybz yfghfdktybt b cbkf dtnhf

drizzle cloudy showers with sleet lightning wind direction and speed

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You will need to know how to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs. There are two ways of expressing the comparative in Russian:

Chapter 14

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the weather maps of Russia and Britain which were published on the same day in the summer. First identify whether the statements comparing the weather in Britain and Russia are True (Ï) or False (Í). Then translate the descriptions below into Russian.

a) by using the words ,jktt (more) / vtytt (less) before the adjective or adverb; e.g. rhfcbdsq - ,jktt/vtytt rhfcbdsq (more/less beautiful); cjkytxyj - ,jktt/vtytt cjkytxyj (more/ less sunny) b) by adding the ending -åå to the stem of the adjective or adverb; e.g. rhfcbdsq - rhfcbdtt (more beautiful); cjkytxyj - cjkytxytt (more sunny/sunnier). Comparative adjectives and adverbs are used in various types of constructions. One of the most common of these contains the word xtv (than) always preceded by a comma; e.g. ctujlyz d Vjcrdt ,jktt cjkytxyfz gjujlf^ xtv d Kjyljyt / ctujlyz d Vjcrdt cjkytxytt^ xtv d Kjyljyt - the weather is sunnier in Moscow today than in London; d Vjcrdt ctujlyz ,jktt cjkytxyj^ xtv d Kjyljyt - it is sunnier in Moscow today than in London.

GJUJLF D DTKBRJ
GJUJLF D HJCCBB

+13

+ 17

+14

+15 ++18 17 +19

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  

+18

Today the weather in Russia is colder than in Britain. It is more overcast and rainy in Britain than in Russia. The weather in Britain is sunnier than in Russia. It is less windy in Russia than in England. It is warmer in Russia today than in England.

Now write down some more comparisons of your own, based either on the weather maps above or on information taken from a recent newspaper. A new ab initio Russian course

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Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Groupwork. Look at the weather maps below and discuss the variations in the weather in the different parts of Britain over the three days. Use the model below and the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.  

DXTHF

   

CTUJLYZ

PFDNHF

     

Yf pfgflt* Fyukbb dxthf ,skf vtytt lj;lkbdfz gjujlf^ xtv ctujlyz (or: Yf pfgflt Fyukbb dxthf ,skj vtytt lj;lkbdj^ xtv ctujlyz). Pfdnhf nfv ,eltn ,jktt cjkytxyfz gjujlf^ xtv ctujlyz (or: Pfdnhf nfv ,eltn ,jktt cjkytxyj^ xtv   ctujlyz)&    

* Always use the preposition yf with points of the compass; e.g. yf .ut (Prepositional) dctulf ntgkj - it is always warm in the south; yf .uj-pfgflt (Prepositional) - in the south-west; z tle yf .u (Accusative) - I am going to the south.

When you have completed the groupwork, you should write a brief description of the weather in Great Britain (or any other country of your choice) over the past two days, and attempt to predict the weather for the following day.

The superlative of adjectives The superlative is formed by using cfvsq (the most) before another adjective. Cfvsq agrees in gender and number with the adjective which it precedes; e.g. cfvsq ,tpjgfcysq nhfycgjhn - the safest (form of) transport; cfvfz cthm/pyfz ghj,ktvf - the most serious problem.

ctdth .u pfgfl djcnjr

258

north south west east

ctdthysq .;ysq pfgflysq djcnjxysq

northern southern western eastern

ctdthj-pfgfl ctdthj-djcnjr .uj-pfgfl .uj-djcnjr

north-west north-east south-west south-east

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ïî÷åìó âû åçäèòå ýòèì âèäîì òðàíñïîðòà$ Vfhbz <jhbc Vfhbz <jhbc Vfhbz Jkmuf Vfhbz <jhbc Jkmuf

Chapter 14

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following conversation in which three people discuss their preferred means of travel and write answers in Russian about yourself based on the questions after the text.

- Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ <jhbc^ yf x/v ds j,sxyj tplbnt d jngecr$ - Z gjxnb dctulf tp;e vfibyjq*. - F gjxtve$ - Z levf.^ xnj ýnj cfvsq lti/dsq b cfvsq ,tpjgfcysq dbl nhfycgjhnf& - F ds^ Jkmuf^ nj;t tplbnt d jngecr yf vfibyt$ - Ytn^ z j,sxyj ktnf. cfvjk/njv^ gjnjve xnj ýnj cfvsq ,scnhsq dbl nhfycgjhnf& - Z nj;t ktnf. yf cfvjk/nt& Jy ,scnhtt^ xtv lheubt dbls nhfycgjhnf& F ds^ <jhbc^ ktnftnt cfvjk/njv$ - Ytn^ ybrjulf& Gj-vjtve^ cfvjk/n jxtym jgfcysq b ljhjujq nhfycgjhn& - Z yt cjukfcyf c <jhbcjv^ xnj vfibyf - cfvsq ,tpjgfcysq dbl nhfycgjhnf& Cfvjt ,jkmijt rjkbxtcndj fdfhbq ckexftncz yf ljhjut^ f yt d djple[t&

* The Instrumental case can be used to denote the means of transport as well as yf + the Prepositional case; e.g. ‘by car’ can be expressed as yf vfibyt (Prepositional case) or vfibyjq (Instrumental case).

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9&

Yf x/v ns j,sxyj tplbim d jngecr$ Gjxtve ns tplbim yf ýnjv dblt nhfycgjhnf$ Ns rjulf-yb,elm ktnftim cfvjk/njv$ Gjxtve ns k.,bim / yt k.,bim ktnfnm cfvjk/njv$ Yf x/v ns j,sxyj tplbim d eybdthcbntn / yf hf,jne$ Gjxtve ns ds,hfk(f) bvtyyj ýnjn dbl nhfycgjhnf$ Yf x/v j,sxyj tplzn ndjb hjlbntkb$ Gjxtve$ Rfrjq^ gj-ndjtve^ cfvsq ,tpjgfcysq dbl nhfycgjhnf$ Gjxtve$ Rfrjq^ gj-ndjtve^ cfvsq jgfcysq dbl nhfycgjhnf$ Gjxtve$

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Groupwork. Discuss the types of transport that you prefer when travelling on holiday, using as many superlative forms of the adjectives below as possible.You should work in groups of three or four and use the text from Activity Fourteen as your model.  elj,ysq crjhjcnyjq

(convenient) (high-speed)

,tpjgfcysq safe dbl nhfycgjhnf form of transport A new ab initio Russian course

ytelj,ysq (incovenient) yfl/;ysq (reliable)

ktnfnm (I) to fly ,scnhsq fast

vtlktyysq (slow) ytyfl/;ysq (unreliable)

jgfcysq dangerous cjukfcty (cjukfcyf) agree(d)

rjkbxtcndj number fdfhbz accident

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×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Pick any one of the groups given below. You now have five minutes to ask as many people as possible which one of the items in this group they would most like to have, and why. Write down the answers and report your preferences in Russian to the other students in the group. Then repeat the activity based on the picture below. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

cj,frf^ rjn^ [jvzr^ kjiflm rdfhnbhf^ ljv^ lfxf vfibyf^ vjnjwbrk^ dtkjcbgtl ltymub^ pljhjdmt^ elfxf rhfcjnf^ ev^ nfkfyn ntktdbpjh^ hflbj^ vfuybnjajy

You will need to know how to say in Russian ‘I would like to ...’ This is very simple: you use the verb [jntnm in the past tense + particle ,s + the infinitive; e.g. z [jntk(f) ,s bvtnm cj,fre - I would like to have a dog; jyf [jntkf ,s exbnmcz d eybdthcbntnt - she would like to study at university; vs [jntkb ,s gentitcndjdfnm - we would like to travel. Note: when asking questions the particle ,s usually follows the pronoun: xnj ,s ns [jntk(f) bvtnm$ - what would you like to have? When asking about pets you have to use the pronoun rnj (remember that the verb bvtnm requires the Accusative case and therefore rnj changes to rjuj); e.g. rjuj ,s ns [jntk(f) bvtnm% rjnf bkb cj,fre$ - what would you like to have: a cat or a dog?. You will also need to know how to say ‘most of all’ in Russian. This is a superlative adverb which is formed by a comparative adverb ,jkmit + dctuj; e.g. xnj ,s [jntk(f) bvtnm ,jkmit dctuj$ - what would you like to have most of all? For more details on superlative adverbs see the Grammar section.

elj,ysq vtlktyysq crjhjcnyjq

260

comfortable slow high-speed

yfl/;ysq [jvzr elfxf

reliable hamster luck

rhfcjnf ev nfkfyn

beauty intelligence talent

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

GRAMMAR Adverbs are indeclinable words which qualify verbs (jy õîðîøî gj/n - he sings well), adjectives (âñåãäà dt;kbdsq - always polite), nouns (xntybt âñëóõ - reading aloud) or other adverbs (èíîãäà lj;lkbdj - it is sometimes rainy).

Chapter 14

ADVERBS

They answer questions such as rfr$ (how?), rfr xfcnj$ (how often?), rfr ljkuj$ (how long?), ult$ (where?), rjulf$ (when?) etc.

Most adverbs are formed from adjectives by removing the adjectival ending and replacing it with -j (if the adjective is hard) or -å (if the adjective is soft):

hard adjective rhfcbdsq [jkjlysq

adverb rhfcbdj [jkjlyj

soft adjective adverb bcrhtyybq (sincere) bcrhtyyt (sincerely) rhfqybq (extreme) rhfqyt (extremely)

Note: there are three exceptions to the above rule. The following soft adjectives form the adverbs with -î% hfyybq (early) hfyj (early) gjplybq (late) gjplyj (late) lfdybq (long-standing) lfdyj (long ago)

Adverbs derived from adjectives ending in –ñêèé#-öêèé are formed with -è; e.g. kjubxtcrbq (logical) - kjubxtcrb (logically). Some adverbs of this group have the hyphenated prefix gj(these usually denote an action in the manner or style of something): vzcj gj-ahfywepcrb (meat cooked in a Franch style). cvjnhtnm rhbnbxtcrb ujdjhbnm gj-heccrb xbnfnm gj-fyukbqcrb rjat gj-nehtwrb

(to look critically) (to speak in Russian) (to read in English) (coffee Turkish style)

The Russian language is very rich in adverbs and the following list of the most common may prove useful as a guide: 1.

2.

Adverbs of manner dvtcnt yfhjxyj yfghfcyj gj-yfcnjzotve gjytdjkt gj-cdjtve gjxnb xenm yt tldf nfr yt nfr cujhzxf cj cyf

together on purpose in vain properly against one’s will in one’s own way almost, nearly almost, all but (relates to avoidance of negative events; e.g. z xenm yt egfk - I almost fell) scarcely, hardly thus, so (in reply to rfr) wrong(ly) (literally: ‘not so’) in the heat of the moment half awake

Adverbs of place ult ult-nj

where somewhere

A new ab initio Russian course

261

×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

ybult dtplt pltcm^ nen nfv ljvf ljvjq pf uhfybwtq pf uhfybwe c.lf nelf dybp dybpe yfdth[ yfdth[e cktdf cghfdf yfktdj yfghfdj

262

nowhere everywhere here there at home home (homewards) abroad (location) abroad (movement) here (movement) there (movement) downwards (movement) below (no movement) upwards (movement) upstairs (no movement), on the top on the left on the right to the left to the right

3.

Adverbs of time (including ‘frequency’ adverbs) njulf then (in reply to rjulf$) rjulf-nj some time (ago) ctujlyz today pfdnhf tomorrow gjcktpfdnhf the day after tomorrow dxthf yesterday gjpfdxthf the day before yesterday lfdyj a long time ago hfyj early gjplyj late ljgjplyf until late dj dhtvz on time, punctually njnxfc (;t)^ ctqxfc (;t) immediately chfpe (;t) immediately yf lyz[ during the next few days; a few days ago yfrfyeyt the day before crjhj soon c vbyens yf vbyene every minute bphtlrf occasionally dhtvz jn dhtvtyb from time to time dhtvtyfvb from time to time htuekzhyj regularly dc/ dhtvz all the time dctulf always xfcnj often htlrj seldom, rarely ljdjkmyj quite

4.

Adverbs of quantity jxtym ckbirjv (vyjuj) ckbirjv (vfkj) vfkj ytvyjuj ytvyj;rj vyjuj ,jkmit ljdjkyj

very too (much) too (little) little, few (not a little, a few) little a little much more quite S azov (Russian from Scratch )

enough how much so much

5.

Adverbs of expressing doubt and possibility dhzl kb#tldf kb it is unlikely yfdthyj(t) probably ljk;yj ,snm perhaps vj;tn ,snm perhaps gj;fkeq may be, perhaps

6.

Interrogative adverbs ult$ relf$ rfr$ rjulf$ hfpdt$ yte;tkb$

where? (location) where? (direction) how? when? can it be that ...? really?, can it be that ...?

7.

Affirmative adverbs lf nfr gjyznyj hfpevttncz rjytxyj dtlm d cfvjv ltkt

yes so, it is so of course, naturally of course, evidently of course surely indeed

8.

Negative adverbs ybult (yt) ybrelf (yt) ybjnrelf (yt) ybrjulf (yt) ybcrjkmrj (yt) ybrfr (yt) yb hfpe (yt)

nowhere (location) nowhere (direction) from nowhere never not at all in no way not once

Chapter 14

ljcnfnjxyj crjkmrj cnjkmrj

* There are two adverbs which sound almost the same, but have different spelling and meaning - yb hfpe (not once) and yt hfp (more than once); e.g. jyf yb hfpe yt ghbujnjdbkf j,tl - not once did she cook dinner; z yt hfp ghjcbk nt,z e,hfnm rdfhnbhe - I asked you more than once to clean the flat. Remember: the negative adverbs from the list above are always followed by yt when used with a verb; e.g. jyf ybrelf yt bl/n ctujlyz dtxthjv - she is not going anywhere tonight. It is possible to use more than two negatives in one sentence; e.g. ctujlyz ybrnj ybrelf yt bl/n - today no one is going anywhere. 9.

‘Potential’ negative adverbs yüult yürelf yürjulf yüpfxtv

there is nowhere to (location) there is nowhere to (direction) there is no time to there is no point

* Yürjulf can also mean ‘once, at one time’. These negative adverbs have the prefix yt- and are used in the two following types of sentences:

1) in personal constructions with a ‘subject’ in the Dative case. In such sentences they are always followed by an infinitive; e.g. yfv ytrjulf cvjnhtnm ntktdbpjh - we have no time to watch television. 2) in impersonal constructions; e.g. cvjnhtnm ntktdbpjh ,skj ytrjulf - there was no time to watch television. A new ab initio Russian course

263

×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

10. Indefinite adverbs ult-nj* relf-nj rfr-nj rjulf-nj gjxtve-nj ult-yb,elm relf-yb,elm rfr-yb,elm rjulf-yb,elm gjxtve-yb,elm

somewhere (location) somewhere (direction) somehow at one time, once for some reason somewhere, anywhere (location) somewhere, anywhere (direction) somehow, anyhow at any time, ever for some reason or other

* All these adverbs can also combine with -kb,j& This is more bookish and expresses an even greater degree of indefiniteness than the above adverbs; e.g. jy ,sk cfvsv bynthtcysv xtkjdtrjv bp dct[ k.ltq^ rjnjhs[ z rjulf-kb,j dcnhtxfk - he was the most interesting person I have ever met. rjt-rnj rjt-xnj rjt-ult rjt-rfr rjt-rjulf rjt-relf

someone something, one or two things in various places somehow (with great difficulty); carelessly occasionally to a particular place

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps choosing an adjective or adverb as appropriate from the brackets. Make sure that any adjectives used are in their correct form. 1& Ctujlyz ,sk jxtym ___________j,tl& Vfvf dctulf jxtym ___________ ujnjdbn (drecysq - drecyj) & 2& Jy jxtym ___________ xtkjdtr& Rfr ___________^ xnj z tuj dcnhtnbkf! ([jhjibq - [jhjij) 3& Ctujlyz yf ekbwt ___________ & Pfdnhf nj;t ,eltn ___________ gjujlf& (lj;lkbdsq - lj;lkbdj)& 4& ___________ bynthtcysq xtkjdtr! ___________ bynthtcyj jy ujdjhbn! (rfrjq - rfr)& 5& Dxthf ,skj jxtym ___________ & D ýnjv ujle jxtym ___________ ktnj& (;fhrbq - ;fhrj)& 6& Jctym. __________ blen lj;lb& Z yt k.,k. ___________ jctyybt lj;lb& (xfcnsq - xfcnj)&

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. 1. She sings well. 2. It is cold today. 3. He speaks Russian well. 4. In England it is often cloudy and rainy in the autumn. 5. It is cold and frosty in Russia in the winter. It often snows. 6. The weather is very changeable in Britain, and people never know what the weather will be like tomorrow. 7. I do not want to go anywhere tonight. 8. We have been nowhere since summer. 9. We have nowhere to live. 10. Last night they watched television until late. 11. I like Turkish coffee. 12. It never snows in Central Asia. 13. Sometimes it is very hot in the south of Russia. 14. It was very windy yesterday. 15. Today the weather is warm and sunny. THE VERB <SDFNM ( I ) - TO BE This verb is used to denote frequency or repetition and is usually preceded by a ‘frequency’ adverb (e.g. often, rarely, sometimes etc.); e.g. jyb xfcnj ,sdf.n f Vjcrdt - they are often in Moscow Sometimes ,sdfnm can be translated into English as ‘to visit’:

264

 

vs xfcnj ,sdfkb d ýnjq ctvmt jy htlrj ,sdftn e yfc jyf ,sdfkf e yfc xfcnj

- we often visited this family - he seldom visits us - she used to visit us often S azov (Russian from Scratch )

 

1. It is rarely cold in May. 2. Sometimes in the summer the temperature is above 30°C in Britain. 3. Usually it is not very windy in Indonesia, but occasionally there are hurricanes. 4. He seldom visits his parents. 5. Occasionally there are droughts in the south of Spain. 6. We are often in London. 7. They used to visit us from time to time.

Chapter 14

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian.

THE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERB ÁÛÒÜ - TO BE The future tense of the verb ,snm is as follows: z ,ele (I will be) ns ,eltim (you will be) informal jy#jyf#jyj ,eltn (they will be)

vs ,eltv (we will be) ds ,eltnt (you will be) formal plural jyb ,elen (they will be)

Note: the future tense is generally used in Russian after the conjunctions rjulf and tckb, while the present tense is used in English after the corresponding conjunctions when and if; e.g. rjulf z ,ele d Vjcrdt^ z ,ele ujdjhbnm gj-heccrb - when I am in Moscow I will speak Russian; tckb gjujlf ,eltn [jhjifz^ vs ,eltv uekznm d gfhrt - if the weather is nice we will walk in the park&

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into English. 1& Pfdnhf ,eltn [jhjifz gjujlf& 2& Dxthf ,skj [jkjlyj^ f pfdnhf ,eltn ntgkj& 3& Rjulf z ,ele d Kjyljyt^ z ,ele ujdjhbnm gj-fyukbqcrb& 4& Tckb gjujlf ,eltn lj;lkbdfz b [jkjlyfz^ vs ,eltv ljvf^ f tckb ,eltn cjkytxyj^ vs ,eltv d lthtdyt yf lfxt& 5& Rjulf ds ,eltnt d Vjcrdt^ regbnt vyt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ heccrbt ufptns b ;ehyfks& THE COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES Most Russian adjectives have two comparatives: 1)

those formed with ,jktt#vtytt + long adjective; e.g. ,jktt bynthtcysq ;ehyfk (a more interesting magazine), vtytt rhfcbdfz vfibyf (the less beautiful car). These are generally used attributively (i.e. before the noun). The words ,jktt#vtytt are invariable, while the long adjective agrees with the noun it qualifies in gender, number and case:

m ,jktt rhfcbdsq cfl 2)

f ,jktt rhfcbdfz vfibyf

n ,jktt rhfcbdjt gkfnmt

pl ,jktt rhfcbdst ljvf

case ytn ,jktt rhfcbds[ ljvjd

those formed by removing the ending of a long adjective and adding the ending -åå or -å to the stem of the adjective. These are used predicatively (i.e. after the verb ‘to be’):

a) the ending -åå (which is often shortened to -åé in conversational Russian) is the regular ending of the comparative of most adjectives; e.g. rhfcbdsq (beautiful) - rhfcbdtt (more beautiful). Adjectives which have a stressed -à in the feminine short form have a stressed -åå in the comparative; e.g. yjdsq (yjdá) -– yjdüt& Elsewhere, occasionally the stress is on the ending; e.g. pljhjdsq (pljhódf) - pljhjdüt)&

b) the ending -å is added when the stem of an adjective ends in ã^ ê or õ& In the comparative the consonants ã^ ê^ õ change to æ^ ÷^ ø respectively; e.g. ljhjuîé (expensive) - ljhîæå (more expensive), ;fhrbq (hot) - ;fhxt (hotter), vzurbq (soft) - v§uxt (softer), ce[îé (dry) - cóit (drier).

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Comparatives in -åå or -å are invariable, i.e. they are used with nouns of any gender, case or number; e.g. ljv rhfcbdtt the house is more beautiful vfibyf rhfcbdtt the car is more beautiful gkfnmt rhfcbdtt the dress is more beautiful ljvf rhfcbdtt the houses are more beautiful There are a number of adjectives with irregular comparatives. Here is a list of the most common ones: i) those which end in -øå% ,jkmijq big ,ókmit bigger vfktymrbq small vüymit smaller [jhjibq good kåxit better cnfhsq old cnáhit older njyrbq thin nóymit thinner ljkubq long lókmit longer ii) those which end in -;t^ -ot^ -t% vjkjljq young gkj[jq bad nd/hlsq hard uke,jrbq deep gjplybq late xfcnsq frequent ckflrbq sweet ghjcnjq simple ibhjrbq wide dscjrbq tall

vjkó;t [å;t nd/h;t ukå,;t góp;t xáot ckáot ghóot i¿ht dÏit

younger worse harder deeper later (also gjplyüt) more frequent sweeter simpler wider taller

Constructions with the comparative 1. when a comparison is made, the second part is introduced by the conjunction xtv (than), preceded by a comma. Both parts of the comparison must be in the same case: vjz ctcnhf cnfhit^ xtv z - my sister is older than me e yt/ ,jktt lkbyyst djkjcs^ xtv e vtyz - she has longer hair than me 2. comparisons can also be expressed by the Genitive case without the conjunction xtv% vjz ctcnhf cnfhit vtyz - my sister is older than me t/ djkjcs lkbyytt vjb[ - her hair is longer than mine 3. in order to express a difference in age, price etc. the preposition yf + Accusative is used after the comparison: jyf cnfhit vtyz yf gznm ktn - she is five years older than me ýnb uheib ljhj;t nt[ yf ldf he,kz - these pears are two roubles more expensive than those 4. ‘much’ in combination with a comparative is expressed by yfvyjuj#ujhfplj% jyf yfvyjuj#ujhfplj cnfhit vtyz - she is much older than me 5. constructions of the type ‘the bigger the better’ are expressed by xtv &&&^ ntv &&&% xtv ,jkmit^ ntv kexit - the bigger the better xtv hfymit^ ntv kexit - the earlier the better 6. constructions of the type ‘as ... as possible’ are expressed by rfr vj;yj + comparative rfr vj;yj crjhtt - as soon as possible rfr vj;yj hfymit - as early as possible

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Form the comparatives from the following adjectives. The first one is done for you. yjdsq [jkjlysq cdt;bq vjkjljq ;fhrbq 266

,jktt yjdsq_____ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

yjdtt________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Compare the objects and people in the pictures below and write down your comparisons. The first one is done for you. Gkfnmt ljhj;t^ xtv ,h.rb                                      

               

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

A new ab initio Russian course

Chapter 14

nb[bq ckflrbq rhfcysq n/gksq


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THE COMPARATIVE OF ADVERBS The comparatives of adverbs in -åå#-å are identical to the comparatives of the corresponding adjectives. Thus the comparatives of rhfcbdj^ [jhjij^ ntgkj are rhfcbdtt^ kexit^ ntgktt (exactly the same as the comparatives of the adjectives rhfcbdsq^ [jhjibq^ n/gksq)& Adverbs with more than two syllables normally form the comparative with ,jktt#vtytt; e.g. lj;lkbdj ,jktt#vtytt lj;lkbdj (but lj;lkbdtt is possible). The comparative with ,jktt#vtytt is the norm for adverbs other than those in -î#-å; e.g. lhe;tcrb ,jktt#vtytt lhe;tcrb (more/less friendly). Comparative adverbs are used in these types of construction as comparative adjectives. Some comparative adverbs have alternative forms: ,jkmit#,jktt more vtymit/vtytt less gjp;t/gjplytt later hfymit/hfytt earlier

These alternative forms differ stylistically. The comparatives in -øå^ -æå are more neutral sounding, whereas and those in -åå are more bookish.  

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing Form the comparatives from the following adverbs.

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8&

cjkytxyj [jkjlyj lj;lkbdj ;fhrj uke,jrj kjubxtcrb vyjuj [jhjij

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ THE SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES

Superlative adjectives are formed by putting cfvsq before the long adjective; e.g. cfvsq rhfcbdsq ljv (the most beautiful house). The word cfvsq agrees with the adjective and noun in gender, number and case: m cfvsq rhfcbdsq ljv

f cfvfz rhfcbdfz ltdeirf

n cfvjt rhfcbdjt gkfnmt

pl Genitive pl cfvst rhfcbdst ytn cfvs[ rhfcbds[ ljvf ljvjd

Note: cfvsq can also combine with the comparatives kexibq and [elibq% cfvst kexibt gj;tkfybz (the very best wishes), cfvjt [elitt^ xnj vjukj ckexbnmcz (the worst thing that could happen). Kexibq and [elibq^ cnfhibq and vkflibq can function as comparatives or as superlatives depending on the context. The superlative in -åéøèé and -àéøèé 1. certain adjectives can also form the superlative by adding the suffix -åéø (plus the appropriate ending) to the stem; e.g. rhfcbdsq - rhfcbdtqibq (rhfcbdtqifz^ rhfcbdtqitt^ rhfcbdtqibt)& 2. the suffix -àéø is added to stems ending in ã^ ê^ õ which change to æ^ ÷^ ø respectively; e.g. cnhjãbq vtkmêbq nbõbq 268

strict small quiet

cnhjæfqibq vtkmxfqibq nbøfqibq

the strictest the smallest the quietest

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Superlatives with yfb,jktt#yfbvtytt The superlatives which are formed with the indeclinable words yfb,jktt and yfbvtytt + a long adjective are characteristic of a bookish style; e.g. yfb,jktt njxysq vtnjl (the most accurate method), yfbvtytt ;tkfntkmysq htpekmnfn (the least desirable result).

Chapter 14

All these forms are characteristic of high style, although some of them are used in conversational Russian too; e.g. ,kb;fqibq vfufpby (the nearest shop), rhfnxfqifz ljhjuf (the shortest road).

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâåðòîå çàäàíèå Writing First fill in the gaps using the word cfvsq in the appropriate form, then translate the sentences into English. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5&

B.km ____________ ;fhrbq vtczw d ujle& Yfif exbntkmybwf dctulf jndtxftn yf ____________ nhelyst djghjcs& Vjz ctcnhf hf,jnftn d ____________ cnfhjq ,b,kbjntrt ujhjlf& Jy ghbukfcbk nfywtdfnm ____________ rhfcbde. ltdeire&
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

the coldest day the most interesting article the nearest bus-stop the eldest brother the sharpest knife the longest day the deepest lake the shortest distance the most beautiful bird the most expensive cars

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ THE SUPERLATIVE OF ADVERBS

The superlative degree of an adverb is formed by: 1. adding dctuj (when compared with other actions, times, conditions and qualities) or dct[ (when compared with other people) after a comparative adverb in -å or -åå; e.g. ,jkmit dctuj jy k.,bn ktnj (he likes summer best); jyf dsukzltkf kexit dct[ (she looked better than anyone else). This type of superlative adverb is characteristic of conversational Russian.

2. adding the words yfb,jktt or yfbvtytt before an adverb; e.g. yfb,jktt zhrj (most vividly), yfbvtytt nhelyj (least difficult). This type of superlative adverb is characteristic of bookish style.

Note that adverbs which end in –-î#-å can form the superlative of both types; e.g. bynthtcyj - bynthtcytt dctuj#dct[ or yfb,jktt#yfbvtytt bynthtcyj&

The adverbs which do not end in –-î#-å can only form the superlative with yfb,jktt#yfbvtytt; e.g. lhe;tcrb - yfb,jktt#yfbvtytt lhe;tcrb& cnfnmz jcnhsq

article sharp

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hfccnjzybt

distance

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Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing Form the superlatives from the following adverbs. The first one is done for you. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&  

ntgkj [jkjlyj jgfcyj uke,jrj kjubxtcrb [jhjij gkj[j ntjhtnbxtcrb ljhjuj bcrhtyyt

ntgktt dctuj#dct[ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

yfb,jktt#yfbvtytt ntgkj ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following phrases into Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

270

best of all to sing loudest (most loudly) younger than anyone else most dangerously worst of all to speak most quietly the deepest of all the most friendly

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 15

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER FIFTEEN - ÏßÒÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ A HORRIBLE SIGHT (OR ASPECT?) - ÓÆÀÑÍÛÉ ÂÈÄ In Chapter Fifteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3.

to distinguish between the imperfective and perfective aspects to use the appropriate aspectual form in the past to use the appropriate aspectual form in the future

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix perfective verbs formed by the process of shortening perfective verbs formed by other internal adjustments perfective verbs formed in other ways

IMPERFECTIVE AND PERFECTIVE ASPECTS Because aspects are somewhat tricky, this entire chapter is devoted to them. The chapter is therefore more grammar-based than the others and does not have a theme as such, although most of the material relates to everyday activities. So far we have looked at verbs mainly in the present tense. For example: ÿ ñòðîþ etc. (I build, I am building, etc.). These are all formed from an infinitive which is known as the imperfective infinitive. Verbs in the present tense can only be formed from this infinitive. Most verbs in Russian also have a second infinitive, which is known as the perfective infinitive. For example, the perfective infinitive of ñòðîèòü is ïîñòðîèòü. These two forms of the verb are known as aspects. Some verbs have more than one form of the perfective aspect in order to convey different shades of meaning, but here we will concentrate on the most common perfective forms. All tenses in Russian are formed either from the imperfective or perfective infinitive. You should note that the conjugation of the verb does not depend on the aspect, and you must learn the conjugation of each new verb individually. (For a table giving all the different forms of the verb (ïî-)ñòðîèòü, see the Grammar section.) Imperfective Infinitive: ñòðîèòü Present: ÿ ñòðîþ, òû ñòðîèøü, îí(à) ñòðîèò, ìû ñòðîèì, âû ñòðîèòå, îíè ñòðîÿò (I, you, he/she, we, you, they build / I am, you are, (s)he is, we are, you are, they are building) Past: ÿ ñòðîèë(à) (I was building, I used to build, I built, etc.) Future: ÿ áóäó ñòðîèòü* (I will build, I will be building, etc.) * The imperfective future is formed by using the appropriate form of the future tense of the verb ‘to be’ (áûòü) - ÿ áóäó, òû áóäåøü, îí(à) áóäåò, ìû áóäåì, îíè áóäóò, followed by the imperfective infinitive. 272

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Infinitive: ïîñòðîèòü Past: ÿ ïîñòðîèë(à) (I built, I have built, I had built, etc.) Future: ÿ ïîñòðîþ* (I will build, etc.) * The perfective future is formed by following the appropriate conjugation pattern of the verb. In this case, the verb is second conjugation: ÿ ïîñòðîþ, òû ïîñòðîèøü, îí(à) ïîñòðîèò, ìû ïîñòðîèì, âû ïîñòðîèòå, îíè ïîñòðîÿò.

Chapter 15

Perfective

In summary we have three tenses in Russian: present, past (with imperfective and perfective forms) and future (with imperfective and perfective forms). You will notice that the various forms of the past and future tenses correspond to a number of English tenses, and that the approximate English translation cannot alone tell you which aspect to use. We will look at how aspectual usage works after we have considered the classification of various imperfective and perfective pairs. Classification of imperfective and perfective pairs* (i)

perfectives formed by adding a prefix (such as ïî-, ñ-, ïðî-, çà-, âû-, ó- etc.) to the imperfective infinitive: e.g. ñòðîèòü > ïîñòðîèòü (to build), ãóëÿòü > ïîãóëÿòü (to walk), ñëóøàòü > ïîñëóøàòü (to hear), äåëàòü >ñäåëàòü (to do, make), ÷èòàòü > ïðî÷èòàòü (to read), õîòåòü > çàõîòåòü (to want), ïèòü > âûïèòü (to drink), ñëûøàòü > óñëûøàòü (to listen)

(ii)

perfectives formed by shortening the imperfective infinitive: e.g. ðàññêàçûâàòü > ðàññêàçàòü (to relate, tell), çàáûâàòü > çàáûòü (to forget), âûèãðûâàòü > âûèãðàòü (to win), äàâàòü > äàòü (to give), âñòàâàòü > âñòàòü (to get up), ñîáèðàòü > ñîáðàòü (to collect, gather)

(iii) perfectives formed by other internal adjustments: e.g. ïîíèìàòü > ïîíÿòü (to understand), çàíèìàòüñÿ > çàíÿòüñÿ (to engage in), óâëåêàòüñÿ > óâëå÷üñÿ (to enjoy), îòâå÷àòü > îòâåòèòü (to reply, answer), çàìå÷àòü > çàìåòèòü (to notice), ïðèãëàøàòü > ïðèãëàñèòü (to invite), ðåøàòü > ðåøèòü (to decide) (iv) other perfectives: e.g. ïîêóïàòü > êóïèòü (to buy), ãîâîðèòü > ñêàçàòü (to say, tell)**, áðàòü > âçÿòü (to take), ñàäèòüñÿ > ñåñòü (to sit down), ëîæèòüñÿ > ëå÷ü (to lie down), ëîâèòü > ïîéìàòü (to catch), âîçâðàùàòüñÿ > âåðíóòüñÿ (to return), èäòè > ïîéòè (to [be] go[ing]) * The imperfective aspect is normally stated first. The majority of the perfective aspects are formed by adding a prefix to the imperfective infinitive. The most common prefix is ïî-. Note that every imperfective and perfective pair will have to be learned separately. ** The verb ãîâîðèòü (to speak, say, tell) is an example of an imperfective aspect with alternative perfective forms: ñêàçàòü (to say, tell), ïîãîâîðèòü (to have a chat).

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Aspectual usage PAST The imperfective aspect describes generalized or habitual actions in which the result is incomplete or not established, or is otherwise of secondary importance to the process: (i) continuous action e.g. ÿ ñòðîèë äà÷ó öåëûé ãîä (I built the dacha for a whole year = I spent a whole year building the dacha) (ii) repeated action e.g. ÿ ÷àñòî ñòðîèë äà÷è (I often built / used to build dachas) (iii) process e.g. ÿ ñòðîèë äà÷ó, êîãäà çàáîëåëà ìàòü (I was [in the process of] building the dacha when my mother fell ill) (iv) incomplete action (generalised description) e.g. â÷åðà ÿ êðàñèë çàáîð è ñòðîèë äà÷ó (yesterday I painted the fence and built the dacha) (v) result undetermined or in doubt e.g. òû êîãäà-íèáóäü ñòðîèë äà÷ó? (have you ever built a dacha?) (vi) most negatives e.g. ÿ íèêîãäà íå ñòðîèë äà÷è (I have never built dachas) The perfective aspect places strong emphasis on the completion of actions: (i) definite result e.g. ÿ (óæå) ïîñòðîèë äà÷ó (I have/had [already] built / finished building the dacha) (ii) single event (on one occasion) e.g. ÿ òîëüêî îäíàæäû ïîñòðîèë äà÷ó (I only once built a dacha) FUTURE The imperfective aspect again emphasizes generalized, incomplete and habitual actions: (i) continuous action e.g. ÿ áóäó ñòðîèòü äà÷ó öåëûé ãîä (I will build the dacha over a whole year = I will spend a whole year building the dacha) (ii) repeated action e.g. ÿ âñåãäà áóäó ñòðîèòü äà÷è (I will always build dachas) (iii) process e.g. ÿ áóäó ñòðîèòü äà÷ó âî âðåìÿ ôóòáîëüíîãî ìàò÷à (I will [be in the process of] build[ing] the dacha during the football match) (iv) incomplete action (generalised description) e.g. ÿ áóäó ñòðîèòü äà÷è âñþ æèçíü (I will build dachas all my life) (v) result undetermined or in doubt e.g. òû êîãäà-íèáóäü áóäåøü ñòðîèòü äà÷è? (will you [ever] [be] build[ing] dachas?) (vi) negatives denoting a general state of affairs e.g. ÿ íèêîãäà íå áóäó ñòðîèòü äà÷è (I will never [be] build[ing] dachas)

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Chapter 15

The future perfective is used very commonly in statements and questions and does not always place such strong emphasis on the completion of an action as the past perfective: (i) definite result e.g. ÿ ïîñòðîþ äà÷ó (I will [finish] build[ing] the dacha) (ii) single event (on one occasion) e.g. ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì ÿ ïîñòðîþ ìîäåëü ñàìîë¸òà äëÿ ìîåãî ñûíà (this evening I will build a model aeroplane for my son) (iii) negatives emphasising incompletion (of a specific task) e.g. ÿ íèêîãäà íå ïîñòðîþ äà÷ó (I will never [finish] build[ing] the dacha) Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading Translate the following sentences into English and explain the use of aspects, with the help of the vocabulary at the foot of the page. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Áîëüøîé òåàòð ïîñòðîèëè è 1855 ãîäó. Õðóù¸âêè ñòðîèëè ïðè Õðóù¸âå. Êóïîë Ìèëëåíèóìà â Ëîíäîíå ïîñòðîèëè â 2000 ãîäó. Õðàì Õðèñòà Ñïàñèòåëÿ ïîñòðîèëè ïðè Åëüöèíå. Íîâûå ðóññêèå ñòðîÿò áîëüøèå âèëëû.  Ðîññèè áóäóò ñòðîèòü íîâóþ æåëåçíóþ äîðîãó ìåæäó Ìîñêâîé è ÑàíêòÏåòåðáóðãîì. 7.  ñëåäóþùåì ãîäó ìû ïîñòðîèì äà÷ó. 8.  Ëîíäîíå ñêîðî ïîñòðîÿò íîâûé ñòàäèîí. 9. Ëåíèí ñêàçàë: «Ìû ïîñòðîèì ñîöèàëèçì». 10. Ìîñêîâñêèé ìåòðîïîëèòåí íà÷àëè ñòðîèòü â 1932 ãîäó.

Êàêîé óæàñíûé âèä!

õðóù¸âêà (coll.) Êóïîë Ìèëëåíèóìà

block of flats (from the Khrushchev era) Millennium Dome

A new ab initio Russian course

âèëëà æåëåçíàÿ äîðîãà ìåòðîïîëèòåí

villa railway metro, underground

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Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Answer the following questions in Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Êîãäà ïîñòðîèëè äîì, â êîòîðîì âû æèâ¸òå?* Êîãäà íà÷àëè ñòðîèòü Ìîñêîâñêèé ìåòðîïîëèòåí? Êàêèå çäàíèÿ òåïåðü ñòðîÿò â ãîðîäå (èëè äåðåâíå), ãäå âû æèâ¸òå?  êàêèõ áðèòàíñêèõ ãîðîäàõ ïîñòðîèëè ìåòðî? Êàê âû äóìàåòå, ïîñòðîèëè ëè ñîöèàëèçì â ÑÑÑÐ?

* The third personal plural (without the pronoun îíè) is often used in colloquial Russian where English might prefer a passive construction; e.g. êîãäà ïîñòðîèëè äîì, â êîòîðîì âû æèâ¸òå? - when was the house in which you live built?

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following passage, paying particular attention to the use of verbal aspects. Then answer the questions below in English. Points to consider: 1. Imperfective verbs are sometimes accompanied by adverbs such as âñåãäà (always), èíîãäà (some times), ÷àñòî (often), ðåäêî (rarely), îáû÷íî (usually), äîëãî (for a long time), êàæäûé äåíü / ãîä/ ìåñÿö / íåäåëþ (every day / year / month / week). 2. The verbs íà÷èíàòü - íà÷àòü (to begin), ïðîäîëæàòü - ïðîäîëæèòü (to continue), êîí÷àòü - êîí÷èòü (to finish) are always followed by imperfective infinitives. 3. The adverbs âäðóã (suddenly), íåîæèäàííî (unexpectedly), ñðàçó (immediately), âíåçàïíî (all of a sudden) tend to be used with perfective verbs.

Â÷åðà Êîëÿ õîäèë â êèíî. Îáû÷íî îí õîäèò â êèíî èëè òåàòð ïî ñóááîòàì è ÷àñòî ïðèãëàøàåò â êèíî ñâîèõ äðóçåé. Îäíàæäû îí äàæå ïðèãëàñèë â êèíî ñâîþ áàáóøêó. Îíè ïîñìîòðåëè î÷åíü õîðîøèé ôèëüì - «Ñîáà÷üå ñåðäöå». Ïîòîì îíè äîëãî îáñóæäàëè ýòîò ôèëüì. Êîëÿ íà÷àë èíòåðåñîâàòüñÿ êèíî â äåòñòâå, â ñòàðøèõ êëàññàõ ñòàë óâëåêàòüñÿ òåàòðîì. Ïîýòîìó ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ øêîëû îí ïîñòóïèë â òåàòðàëüíîå ó÷èëèùå. Îí âñåãäà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî òåàòð - ýòî ñàìà æèçíü. Íåîæèäàííî îí ðåøèë áðîñèòü ó÷¸áó â òåàòðàëüíîì ó÷èëèùå è ïîñòóïèòü â óíèâåðñèòåò íà ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòåò. Âñå î÷åíü óäèâèëèñü ýòîìó ðåøåíèþ. Êîëÿ ñêàçàë, ÷òî òåàòð è êèíî îñòàíóòñÿ åãî õîááè. 1. 2. 3. 4.

On which day did Kolya usually go to the cinema? With whom did Kolya watch the film ‘Heart of a Dog’? When did he begin to take an interest in theatre? What was the reaction of other people to his decision to give up drama school?

îäíàæäû «Ñîáà÷üå ñåðäöå» îáñóæäàòü (I) / îáñóäèòü (II) (îí) ñòàë óâëåêàòüñÿ ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ øêîëû ïîñòóïàòü (I) / ïîñòóïèòü (II) â (+ acc) òåàòðàëüíîå ó÷èëèùå òåàòð - ýòî ñàìà æèçíü íåîæèäàííî

276

once Heart of a Dog to discuss he began to enjoy theatre after finishing school to go to (college etc.) drama school theatre is life itself unexpectedly

áðîñàòü (I) / áðîñèòü (II) to give up (lit. to throw) ó÷¸áà studies ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèé Philological Faculty ôàêóëüòåò (Faculty of Language and Literature) óäèâëÿòüñÿ (I) / to be surprised (at) óäèâèòüñÿ (II) (+ dat) îñòàâàòüñÿ (îñòàþñü, to remain, stay îñòà¸øüñÿ) / îñòàòüñÿ (îñòàíóñü, îñòàíåøüñÿ) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. ×òî äåëàë Ñàøà â÷åðà? _________________________________ (èçó÷àòü ðóññêèé ÿçûê) 2. ×òî äåëàëà ó÷èòåëüíèöà â ñóááîòó? _________________________________ (ïðîâåðÿòü êîíòðîëüíûå ðàáîòû) 3. Êàê ïðîâîäèëè êàíèêóëû âàøè äðóçüÿ? _________________________________ (ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü ïî Åâðîïå) 4. ×åì çàíèìàëàñü òâîÿ ñåñòðà â âûõîäíûå äíè? _________________________________ (õîäèòü â ãîñòè) 5. ×òî äåëàëè âàøè ðîäèòåëè âå÷åðîì? _________________________________ (ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð) 6. ×åì çàíèìàëèñü âàøè äåòè â âîñêðåñåíüå? _________________________________ (åçäèòü â ëåñ)

Chapter 15

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Answer the questions below using the past tense of the imperfective verbs given in brackets.

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Put the verbs in brackets into the imperfective past and explain the precise meaning of the forms used. 1.

Êîãäà îí ó÷èëñÿ â óíèâåðñèòåòå, Ìèøà ÷àñòî (õîäèòü) íà äèñêîòåêó.

2.

Êîãäà ìû áûëè äåòüìè, íàøà ñåìüÿ åæåãîäíî (îòäûõàòü) íà þãå.

3.

Ñòóäåíòû èíîãäà (ðàáîòàòü) â êîëõîçå.

4.

 ïðîøëîì ãîäó ìû èíîãäà (íàâåùàòü) ðîäñòâåííèêîâ.

5.

 äåòñòâå ìû ðåäêî (ïîêóïàòü) êîíôåòû.

6.

Ìîé äåäóøêà äîëãî (÷èòàòü) ãàçåòó ïåðåä ñíîì.

7.

Ìîëîäûå ëþäè (òàíöåâàòü) âåñü âå÷åð.

8.

Ìîÿ áàáóøêà íèêîãäà íå (ðàáîòàòü), (îíà áûòü) äîìàøíåé õîçÿéêîé.

9.

Êîãäà ìû (æèòü) â Ñàðàòîâå, ìû ÷àñòî (ïèñàòü) íàøèì ðîäèòåëÿì â Ìîñêâó.

10. Âî âðåìÿ êàíèêóë ìîÿ ñåñòðà (èãðàòü) íà ïèàíèíî êàæäîå óòðî.

ïðîâåðÿòü (I) / ïðîâåðèòü (II) êîíòðîëüíàÿ ðàáîòà â âûõîäíûå äíè õîäèòü â ãîñòè åæåãîäíî A new ab initio Russian course

to check, mark test on (one’s) days off to visit a friend annually, every year

êîëõîç íàâåùàòü (I) / íàâåñòèòü (íàâåùó, íàâåñòèøü) ïåðåä ñíîì äîìàøíÿÿ õîçÿéêà

collective farm to visit before sleeping housewife

277

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the pictures below and say what the people are doing now and what they were doing yesterday, using the imperfective form of the verbs given in brackets.

(ïëàêàòü)

(êóðèòü)

(îáåäàòü)

(èãðàòü íà ãèòàðå)

(ïåòü)

(ðàáîòàòü)

(êàòàòüñÿ íà âåëîñèïåäå)

(ñìåÿòüñÿ)

(ðàçãîâàðèâàòü)

(çà-)ïëàêàòü (ïëà÷ó, ïëà÷åò) êàòàòüñÿ (I) íà âåëîñèïåäå

278

to cry to cycle

(ðàñ-)ñìåÿòüñÿ (ñìåþñü, ñìå¸øüñÿ)

to laugh

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. - Ëåêöèÿ íà÷èíàåòñÿ â 9 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 9.30, çíà÷èò îíà óæå íà÷àëàñü.

Chapter 15

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Complete the following dialogues, putting the second part of each sentence into the perfective past. The verb forms are stated in the box below. The first one is done for you.

2. - Ðåñòîðàí îòêðûâàåòñÿ â 11 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 11.30, 3. - Áèáëèîòåêà çàêðûâàåòñÿ â 10 âå÷åðà. - À ñåé÷àñ 10.10, 4. - Ôèëüì íà÷èíàåòñÿ â 5.30. - À ñåé÷àñ 5.45, 5. - Âûñòàâêà çàêðûâàåòñÿ 12 ìàðòà. - À ñåãîäíÿ 17 ìàðòà, 6. - Îòåö âîçâðàùàåòñÿ ñ ðàáîòû â 6 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 6.15, 7. - Ïîåçä îòïðàâëÿåòñÿ â 2.20. - À ñåé÷àñ 2.25, 8. - Áàëåò êîí÷àåòñÿ â 10.15. - À ñåé÷àñ 10.35, 9. - Ðàáî÷èé äåíü çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ â 5 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 5.05, 10. - Îëåã ïðîñûïàåòñÿ êàæäîå óòðî â 8 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 8.10, 11. - Äåòè ëîæàòñÿ ñïàòü â 10 ÷àñîâ. - À ñåé÷àñ 10.40, 12. - Îíè âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â 3 ÷àñà. - À ñåé÷àñ 3.50, Imperfective

íà÷èíàòüñÿ îòêðûâàòüñÿ çàêðûâàòüñÿ âîçâðàùàòüñÿ îòïðàâëÿòüñÿ êîí÷àòüñÿ çàêàí÷èâàòüñÿ ïðîñûïàòüñÿ ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü âñòðå÷àòüñÿ A new ab initio Russian course

Perfective

íà÷àòüñÿ îòêðûòüñÿ çàêðûòüñÿ âåðíóòüñÿ îòïðàâèòüñÿ êîí÷èòüñÿ çàêîí÷èòüñÿ ïðîñíóòüñÿ ëå÷ü (past ë¸ã, ëåãëà) ñïàòü âñòðåòèòüñÿ

English

to begin to open to close to return to set off to end to finish to wake up to go to bed to meet (up) 279

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

The verb ÁÛÒÜ (TO BE) Ñåãîäíÿ ó ìåíÿ ýêçàìåí(û) Â÷åðà ó ìåíÿ áûë (m) ýêçàìåí " " " áûëî (n) çàíÿòèå " " " áûëà (f) ëåêöèÿ " " " áûëè (pl) ýêçàìåíû Çàâòðà ó ìåíÿ áóäåò ýêçàìåí Çàâòðà ó ìåíÿ áóäóò (pl) ýêçàìåíû

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the following sentences into the past tense, using appropriate phrases such as â÷åðà, ïîçàâ÷åðà (the day before yesterday) and â ïðîøëûé ÷åòâåðã (last Thursday). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Çàâòðà ó íàñ áóäåò ñîáðàíèå.  íàøåé ãðóïïå â ïîíåäåëüíèê áóäåò ëåêöèÿ ïî ìîðôîëîãèè. Çàâòðà áóäåò ñóááîòà. Ïîñëåçàâòðà áóäåò âîñêðåñåíüå. Ñåãîäíÿ â ïÿòü ÷àñîâ áóäåò âñòðå÷à ñ àêò¸ðàìè êèíî.  ñëåäóþùèé ÷åòâåðã áóäóò ñïîðòèâíûå ñîðåâíîâàíèÿ.

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Describe how you spent yesterday, using at least ten different verbs in the past tense. The following list of verbs may help you. ïðîñûïàòüñÿ/ïðîñíóòüñÿ (to wake up), âñòàâàòü/âñòàòü (to get up), (ïî-)çàâòðàêàòü (to have breakfast), õîäèòü/ïîéòè (to go), åõàòü/ïîåõàòü (to go by transport), âîçâðàùàòüñÿ/âåðíóòüñÿ (to return), (ïî-)ñìîòðåòü (to watch, look at), (ïî-)ñëóøàòü (to listen to), (ïðî-)÷èòàòü (to read), (ïî-)îáåäàòü (to have dinner/lunch), îòäûõàòü/îòäîõíóòü (to rest), (ïî-)óæèíàòü (to have supper), ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü/ ëå÷ü ñïàòü (to go to bed), çàñûïàòü/çàñíóòü (to fall asleep)

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Describe your daily routine using the present tense. The following questions may help you. Êîãäà âû îáû÷íî âñòà¸òå? Êîãäà âû îáû÷íî çàâòðàêàåòå (îáåäàåòå, óæèíàåòå)? Ãäå âû ó÷èòåñü? Êîãäà íà÷èíàåòñÿ âàø ó÷åáíûé äåíü? Êàêèå ïðåäìåòû âû èçó÷àåòå? Ãäå âû ðàáîòàåòå? Êîãäà âû âîçâðàùàåòåñü äîìîé? Êîãäà âû îòäûõàåòå? Êîãäà âû ãîòîâèòå äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå? Êîãäà âû ëîæèòåñü ñïàòü? ñîáðàíèå ìîðôîëîãèÿ ïîñëåçàâòðà

280

meeting morphology the day after tomorrow

ñîðåâíîâàíèå ó÷åáíûé äåíü

competition academic day

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The verbs ‘to put’, ‘to lie’, ‘to sit’, ‘to hang’ etc. English to put (stand) to put (lay) to lie down to hang to sit down

Imp ñòàâèòü êëàñòü ëîæèòüñÿ âåøàòü ñàäèòüñÿ

Pf ïîñòàâèòü ïîëîæèòü ëå÷ü ïîâåñèòü ñåñòü

Cases (acc, â/íà + acc)* (acc, â/íà + acc) (acc, â/íà + acc)

English to stand, be standing to lie, be lying to lie, be lying to hang, be hanging to sit, be sitting

Imp ñòîÿòü ëåæàòü ëåæàòü âèñåòü ñèäåòü

Chapter 15

(For full conjugations, see the Grammar section)

* e.g. îíà ïîñòàâèëà öâåòû (acc) â âàçó (acc) - she put/stood the flowers in the vase

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below and describe Marina’s morning routine using the questions provided. Ãäå ëåæèò Ìàðèíà, è ÷òî îíà äåëàåò? è

×òî âèñèò íà ñòåíå? Ãäå ñòîèò å¸ áóäèëüíèê? Ñêîëüêî ñåé÷àñ âðåìåíè? Êàê âû äóìàåòå, êîãî îíà âèäèò âî ñíå?

Ñêîëüêî ñåé÷àñ âðåìåíè? Çâîíèò ëè áóäèëüíèê? Ïðîñíóëàñü ëè Ìàðèíà?

ç

Âñòà¸ò ëè Ìàðèíà? Ïîðà ëè Ìàðèíå âñòàâàòü? ×òî âû âèäèòå íà êàðòèíå?

è

×òî äåëàåò Ìàðèíà? Âñòàëà ëè Ìàðèíà? Ïî÷åìó îíà ïîëîæèëà ïîäóøêó íà áóäèëüíèê? Êàê âû äóìàåòå, îïîçäàåò ëè Ìàðèíà â øêîëó?

áóäèëüíèê alarm clock (ó-)âèäåòü âî ñíå (+ acc) to dream about ïîðà ëè (+ dat) ...? is it time for …? A new ab initio Russian course

êàðòèíà picture ïîäóøêà pillow îïàçäûâàòü (I) / îïîçäàòü (I) â (+ acc) to be late for

281

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the following text and put the appropriate verb in brackets in its correct form. The basic conjugation patterns are given below as a reminder . (Remember: there are two forms of the future - the perfective future and the imperfective future, which emphasizes generalized, incomplete and habitual action, and is formed by taking the appropriate person of the verb áûòü and adding the imperfective infinitive.) When you have finished, listen to the answers on the tape. Çàâòðà ÿ (èäòè - ïîéòè) â óíèâåðñèòåò. Ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ñêàçàë, ÷òî çàâòðà ìû (ïèñàòü - íàïèñàòü) êîíòðîëüíóþ ðàáîòó. Ñåãîäíÿ ÿ (ïîâòîðÿòü - ïîâòîðèòü) íîâûå ðóññêèå ñëîâà èç òåêñòîâ è ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ïðàâèëà. Íàâåðíîå, ÿ (çàíèìàòüñÿ - çàíÿòüñÿ) âåñü âå÷åð. Åñëè ÿ (ó÷èòü - âûó÷èòü) âñå ñëîâà è ïðàâèëà, òî (ïèñàòü - íàïèñàòü) ýòó ðàáîòó õîðîøî è (ïîëó÷àòü - ïîëó÷èòü) õîðîøóþ îòìåòêó. Ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ïðåäóïðåäèë, ÷òî ìû (ïèñàòü - íàïèñàòü) êîíòðîëüíûå ðàáîòû êàæäóþ íåäåëþ. Êðîìå òîãî, îí èíîãäà (ïðîâåðÿòü - ïðîâåðèòü) íàøè äîìàøíèå çàäàíèÿ. Åñëè ÿ (âûïîëíÿòü - âûïîëíèòü) âñå äîìàøíèå çàäàíèÿ ðåãóëÿðíî, ÿ õîðîøî (ñäàâàòü ñäàòü) ýêçàìåí â êîíöå ñåìåñòðà. IMPERFECTIVE (PRESENT) èäòè (èäó, èä¸øü, èä¸ò, èä¸ì, èä¸òå, èäóò) ïèñàòü (ïèøó, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -óò) ïîâòîðÿòü (ïîâòîðÿþ, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -þò) çàíèìàòüñÿ (çàíèìàþñü, -åøüñÿ, -åòñÿ, -åìñÿ, -åòåñü, -þòñÿ) ó÷èòü (ó÷ó, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -àò) ïîëó÷àòü (ïîëó÷àþ, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -þò) ïðîâåðÿòü (ïðîâåðÿþ, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -þò) âûïîëíÿòü (âûïîëíÿþ, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -þò) ñäàâàòü (ñäàþ, ñäà¸øü, ñäà¸ò, ñäà¸ì, ñäà¸òå, ñäàþò)

PERFECTIVE (FUTURE) ïîéòè (ïîéäó, ïîéä¸øü, ïîéä¸ò, ïîéä¸ì, ïîéä¸òå, ïîéäóò) íàïèñàòü (íàïèøó, -åøü, -åò, -åì, -åòå, -óò) ïîâòîðèòü (ïîâòîðþ, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -ÿò) çàíÿòüñÿ (çàéìóñü, -¸øüñÿ, -¸òñÿ, -¸ìñÿ, -¸òåñü, -óòñÿ) âûó÷èòü (âûó÷ó, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -àò) ïîëó÷èòü (ïîëó÷ó, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -àò) ïðîâåðèòü (ïðîâåðþ, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -ÿò) âûïîëíèòü (âûïîëíþ, -èøü, -èò, -èì, -èòå, -ÿò) ñäàòü (ñäàì, ñäàøü, ñäàñò, ñäàäèì, ñäàäèòå, ñäàäóò)

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Answer the questions below, using words such as îáÿçàòåëüíî, êîíå÷íî, âîçìîæíî, ìîæåò áûòü, ñêîðåå âñåãî, íàâåðíîå, âðÿä ëè etc. The first one is done for you. 1. - Òû áóäåøü ðàáîòàòü íà êîìïüþòåðå ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì? - Âîçìîæíî, áóäó. 2. - Âû áóäåòå ïèñàòü òåñò ïî ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó? 3. - Òû ïîåäåøü çà ãðàíèöó ýòèì ëåòîì? 4. - Âî ñêîëüêî âû âñòàíåòå â ñóááîòó? 5. - Òû ïîåäåøü â Ðîññèþ? 6. - Âû áóäåòå ðàáîòàòü ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ó÷¸áû? 7. - Òû ïðèãëàñèøü äðóçåé íà ñâîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ? 8. - Âû áóäåòå ñëóøàòü ðàäèî çàâòðà óòðîì? 9. - Êîãäà òû âåðí¸øüñÿ äîìîé ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì? 10. - ×òî òû áóäåøü äåëàòü ïîñëåçàâòðà? ïðàâèëî êðîìå òîãî ïðåäóïðåæäàòü (I) / ïðåäóïðåäèòü (II) âûïîëíÿòü (I) / âûïîëíèòü (II)

282

rule furthermore to let (s.one) know in advance to fulfil, carry out

îáÿçàòåëüíî âîçìîæíî ñêîðåå âñåãî íàâåðíîå âðÿä ëè

definitely possibly most likely probably it is unlikely

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 15

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner about his/her plans for tomorrow, using the questions given below. Then reverse roles. 1. Êîãäà âû âñòàíåòå? 2. Êîãäà âû íà÷í¸òå ñëóøàòü ëåêöèè â óíèâåðñèòåòå? 3. Êîãäà âû ïîéä¸òå â áèáëèîòåêó? 4. Êîãäà âû âåðí¸òåñü èç óíèâåðñòèòåòà? 5. ×òî âû áóäåòå äåëàòü âå÷åðîì? 6. Êîãäà âû áóäåòå ãîòîâèòü äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå? 7. Êîãäà âû ëÿæåòå ñïàòü? Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following account of how Yuri spent the previous day, then imagine that he is predicting how he will spend the following day. Rewrite the passage in the future tense, replacing the italicised verbs currently in the past tense. You should consult the vocabulary list at the foot of the page. Begin with the adverb çàâòðà. Â÷åðà áûë î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûé äåíü. ß âñòàë î÷åíü ðàíî, ïðèãîòîâèë ñåáå çàâòðàê: ñâàðèë êîôå è ñäåëàë áóòåðáðîäû. Âî âðåìÿ çàâòðàêà ÿ ñëóøàë ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè ïî ðàäèî.  8.30 ÿ óæå áûë â óíèâåðñèòåòå è â 9.00 íà÷àëèñü ëåêöèè. Ó íàñ áûëà î÷åíü èíòåðåñíàÿ ëåêöèÿ ïî ðóññêîé ëèòåðàòóðå, å¸ ÷èòàë ëåêòîð èç ÑàíêòÏåòåðáóðãà. Ïîñëå ëåêöèè ìû äîëãî áåñåäîâàëè ñ ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì î æèçíè â Ðîññèè.  äâà ÷àñà ÿ ïîîáåäàë â ñòóäåí÷åñêîé ñòîëîâîé. Ïîñëå îáåäà ÿ ïîø¸ë â áèáëèîòåêó è çàíèìàëñÿ òàì äî ïÿòè ÷àñîâ. Êîãäà ÿ âåðíóëñÿ äîìîé, ÿ ïîçâîíèë ñâîåé ïîäðóãå è ïðèãëàñèë å¸ â ñòóäåí÷åñêèé äèñêî-êëóá. Ìû âñòðåòèëèñü â ñåìü ÷àñîâ è ïðîâåëè âåñü âå÷åð âìåñòå: ðàçãîâàðèâàëè ñ äðóçüÿìè, óæèíàëè è ìíîãî òàíöåâàëè. ß âåðíóëñÿ äîìîé ïîçäíî - â 12 ÷àñîâ, íåìíîãî ïîñìîòðåë íî÷íóþ ïðîãðàììó è ë¸ã ñïàòü.

âñòàâàòü (âñòàþ, âñòà¸øü) / âñòàòü (âñòàíó, âñòàíåøü) íà÷èíàòü(ñÿ) (I) / íà÷àòü(ñÿ) (íà÷íó, íà÷í¸øü) âîçâðàùàòüñÿ (I) / âåðíóòüñÿ (âåðíóñü, âåðí¸øüñÿ) ëîæèòüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ëÿãó, ëÿæåøü) ñïàòü (ïðè-)ãîòîâèòü (II) (ñ-)âàðèòü (II) âî âðåìÿ (+ gen) A new ab initio Russian course

to get up to begin to return to go to bed to cook, prepare to boil, cook during

(ïî-)áåñåäîâàòü (III) (áåñåäóþ, áåñåäóåøü) çàíèìàòüñÿ (I) / çàíÿòüñÿ (çàéìóñü, çàéì¸øüñÿ) ñòóäåí÷åñêàÿ ñòîëîâàÿ (ïî-)çâîíèòü (II) ïðèãëàøàòü (I) / ïðèãëàñèòü (ïðèãëàøó, ïðèãëàñèøü) âñòðå÷àòüñÿ (I) / âñòðåòèòüñÿ (II) ïðîâîäèòü (II) / ïðîâåñòè (ïðîâåäó, ïðîâåä¸øü)

to talk, converse (here:) to study student canteen to ring, telephone to invite to meet (up) to spend (time)

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Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following children’s story by Tolstoy, paying particular attention to the use of imperfective and perfective verbs. Then answer the questions below, putting the verbs in their appropriate forms and indicating the aspect in brackets. The first one is done for you.

ÊÎÑÒÎ×ÊÀ (Ë. Òîëñòîé)

Êóïèëà ìàòü ñëèâ è õîòåëà èõ äàòü äåòÿì ïîñëå îáåäà. Îíè ëåæàëè íà òàðåëêå. Âàíÿ íèêîãäà íå åë ñëèâ è âñ¸ íþõàë èõ. È î÷åíü îíè åìó íðàâèëèñü. Î÷åíü õîòåëîñü ñúåñòü. Îí âñ¸ õîäèë ìèìî ñëèâ. Êîãäà íèêîãî íå áûëî â ãîðíèöå*, îí íå óäåðæàëñÿ, ñõâàòèë îäíó ñëèâó è ñúåë. Ïåðåä îáåäîì ìàòü ñî÷ëà** ñëèâû è âèäèò: îäíîé íåò. Îíà ñêàçàëà îòöó. Çà îáåäîì îòåö è ãîâîðèò: - À ÷òî, äåòè, íå ñúåë ëè êòî-íèáóäü îäíó ñëèâó? Âñå ñêàçàëè: - Íåò. Âàíÿ ïîêðàñíåë êàê ðàê è ñêàçàë òîæå: - Íåò, ÿ íå åë. Òîãäà îòåö ñêàçàë: - ×òî ñúåë êòî-íèáóäü èç âàñ – ýòî íåõîðîøî, íî íå â òîì áåäà. Áåäà â òîì, ÷òî â ñëèâàõ åñòü êîñòî÷êè, è åñëè êòî íå óìååò èõ åñòü è ïðîãëîòèò êîñòî÷êó, òî ÷åðåç äåíü óìð¸ò. ß ýòîãî áîþñü. Âàíÿ ïîáëåäíåë è ñêàçàë: - Íåò, ÿ êîñòî÷êó áðîñèë çà îêîøêî. È âñå çàñìåÿëèñü, à Âàíÿ çàïëàêàë. * ãîðíèöà = ãîñòèíàÿ (sitting room) ** ñî÷ëà = ñîñ÷èòàëà (she counted). Both words are now considered old-fashioned.

1. ×òî êóïèëà ìàòü? 2. Ïîêóïàëà ëè îíà èõ ðàíüøå? 3. Ïî÷åìó âû òàê ðåøèëè? 4. Êóäà îíà èõ ïîëîæèëà? 5. Íà ÷¸ì îíè ëåæàëè? 6. Ïî÷åìó Âàíÿ ñúåë îäíó ñëèâó? 7. Êàê îá ýòîì óçíàëà ìàòü? 8. ×òî ðåøèëè ñäåëàòü ðîäèòåëè? 9. Ïî÷åìó Âàíÿ ïîêðàñíåë? 10. Ïî÷åìó âñå çàñìåÿëèñü? êîñòî÷êà ñëèâà âñ¸ (ïî-)íþõàòü (I) (åìó) õîòåëîñü îí íå óäåðæàëñÿ cõâàòûâàòü (I) / ñõâàòèòü (II) çà îáåäîì áåäà â òîì, ÷òî (ïî-)êðàñíåòü (êðàñíåþ, êðàñíååøü)

284

Îíà êóïèëà (pf) ñëèâû.

stone (in fruit) plum (here:) all the time to smell (he) wanted (to) he couldn’t stop himself to grab at dinner the trouble is that to turn red

êàê ðàç ãëîòàòü (I) / ïðîãëîòèòü (II) (ïî-)áëåäíåòü (áëåäíåþ, -ååøü) óìèðàòü (I) / óìåðåòü (óìðó, óìð¸øü) áðîñàòü (I) / áðîñèòü (II) îêîøêî çàñìåÿòüñÿ (pf) (çàñìåþñü, çàñìå¸øüñÿ) çàïëàêàòü (pf) (çàïëà÷ó, çàïëà÷åøü)

just, at once to swallow to go pale to die to throw (away) window to begin to laugh to begin to cry

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

GRAMMAR

ÿ òû îí îíà îíî ìû âû îíè

Present I am you are he is she is it is we are you are they are

Past áûë(à) áûë(à) áûë áûëà áûëî áûëè áûëè áûëè

I was, used to be, have/had been you were, used to be, have/had been he was, used to be, has/had been she was, used to be, has/had been it was, used to be, has/had been we were, used to be, have/had been you were, used to be, have/had been they were, used to be, have/had been

áóäó áóäåøü áóäåò áóäåò áóäåò áóäåì áóäåòå áóäóò

Future

I will be you will be he will be she will be it will be we will be you will be they will be

Chapter 15

THE VERB ÁÛÒÜ (TO BE)

Activity Seventeen - Cåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the following sentences into the past tense. Remember that the Instrumental is generally used after the past tense of the verb ‘to be’. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Îëåã - åãî äðóã. Ñûí ìîåãî äðóãà - ìîðÿê. Æåíà Ìèøè - ìåäñåñòðà. Ìîé áðàò - èçâåñòíûé àðõèòåêòîð. Ëåâ Òîëñòîé - çíàìåíèòûé ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü. Îí ïðîäàâåö, à îíà ñïîðòñìåíêà. Íèêòî íå çíàë, ÷òî Ñàøà - õîðîøèé ïëîâåö. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà - îòëè÷íàÿ òåííèñèñòêà.

IMPERFECTIVE AND PERFECTIVE ASPECTS (For detailed notes on usage, see the start of the chapter)

IMPERFECTIVE Present ÿ ñòðîþ òû ñòðîèøü îí ñòðîèò îíà ñòðîèò ìû ñòðîèì âû ñòðîèòå îíè ñòðîÿò Past ÿ ñòðîèë(à) òû ñòðîèë(à) îí ñòðîèë îíà ñòðîèëà ìû ñòðîèëè âû ñòðîèëè îíè ñòðîèëè Future ÿ áóäó ñòðîèòü òû áóäåøü ñòðîèòü îí áóäåò ñòðîèòü îíà áóäåò ñòðîèòü ìû áóäåì ñòðîèòü âû áóäåòå ñòðîèòü îíè áóäóò ñòðîèòü

I build, am building you build, are building he builds, is building she builds, is building we build, are building you build, are building they build, are building I built, was building, used to build you built, were building, used to build he built, was building, used to build she built, was building, used to build we built, were building, used to build you built, were building, used to build they built, were building, used to build I will build, will be building you will build, will be building he will build, will be building she will build, will be building we will build, will be building you will build, will be building they will build, will be building

A new ab initio Russian course

PERFECTIVE No present

Past ÿ ïîñòðîèë(à) òû ïîñòðîèë(à) îí ïîñòðîèë îíà ïîñòðîèëà ìû ïîñòðîèëè âû ïîñòðîèëè îíè ïîñòðîèëè Future ÿ ïîñòðîþ òû ïîñòðîèøü îí ïîñòðîèò îíà ïîñòðîèò ìû ïîñòðîèì âû ïîñòðîèòå îíè ïîñòðîÿò

I built, have built, had built you built, have built, had built he built, has built, had built she built, has built, had built we built, has built, had built you built, have built, had built they built, have built, had built I will build, will have built you will build, will have built he will build, will have built she will build, will have built we will build, will have built you will build, will have built they will build, will have built

285

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the verb ñòðîèòü or ïîñòðîèòü. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ìû äîëãî _____________ äîì â äåðåâíå, öåëûõ ïÿòü ëåò. Ìû íàêîíåö _____________ äà÷ó. _____________ äîì áûëü íåëåãêî. ×òîáû _____________ õîðîøèé äîì, íóæíû õîðîøèå ñòðîéìàòåðèàëû è ñòðîèòåëè. 5. ß íèêîãäà íè÷åãî íå _____________, ïî ýòîìó íàø¸ë ñòðîèòåëåé íà ñòðîèòåëüñòâî äà÷è. 6. ×òîáû _____________ õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ â ñåìüå, íóæíû ëþáîâü, äîâåðèå è óâàæåíèå. 7. Ýòó õîðîøóþ äîðîãó _____________ ïÿòíàäöà òü ëåò. 8. Ýòà ôèðìà _____________ ñòî äîìîâ â ãîä. 9. Çàâòðà ìû íàêîíåö _____________ âèëëó. 10. Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü _____________ (future) íîâûé äîì? Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Put the following sentences into (à) the past and (á) the future. The first one is done for you. 1. ß ÷àñòî ãóëÿþ â ïàðêå ëåòîì. (à) ß ÷àñòî ãóëÿë(à) â ïàðêå ëåòîì. (á) ß áóäó ÷àñòî ãóëÿòü â ïàðêå ëåòîì. 2. Êàæäûé äåíü ÿ óìûâàþñü õîëîäíîé âîäîé. (à) ________________________________________________. (á) ________________________________________________. 3. Äåòè õîäÿò â àíãëèéñêóþ øêîëó. (à) ________________________________________________. (á) ________________________________________________. 4. Òû õîðîøî êàòàåøüñÿ íà êîíüêàõ. (à) ________________________________________________. (á) ________________________________________________. 5. Âû ðàáîòàåòå ñ óòðà äî âå÷åðà íà ýòîé íåäåëå. (à) ________________________________________________. (á) ________________________________________________. 6. Ïîëèöåéñêèé ñëåäèò çà ïîðÿäêîì íà óëèöå. (à) ________________________________________________. (á) ________________________________________________. íåëåãêî ñòðîéìàòåðèëû ñòðîèòåëüñòâî îòíîøåíèÿ (pl) äîâåðèå

286

(it is) difficult building materials building relations trust

óìûâàòüñÿ / óìûòüñÿ (óìîþñü, óìîåøüñÿ) ïîëèöåéñêèé ñëåäèòü (ñëåæó, ñëåäèøü) çà (+ instr)

to wash (oneself) policeman to look after

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. ×òî äåëàåò Èâàí Èâàíîâè÷? - Ïèøåò ïèñüìî ñâîåìó ñûíó. - À åãî æåíà óæå íàïèñàëà ñûíó. 2. ×òî äåëàþò ñòóäåíòû? - Ïèøóò äèêòàíò. - À ìû óæå ___________ äèêòàíò. 3. ×òî äåëàåò Àëåêñàíäð? - ×èíèò ñâîþ ìàøèíó. - À ϸòð óæå ____________ ìàøèíó. 4. ×òî äåëàþò ýòè äåòè? - Ãóëÿþò â ïàðêå. - À íàøè äåòè óæå ____________ â. ïàðêå. 5. ×òî äåëàåò ãîñïîäèí Èâàíîâ? - Óæèíàåò ñ äðóçüÿìè. - À ãîñïîäèí Ñìèðíîâ óæå ____________. 6. ×òî äåëàåò ãîñïîæà Èâàíîâà? - ×èòàåò ñåãîäíÿøíþþ ãàçåòó. - À å¸ ìóæ óæå ____________ ãàçåòó. 7. ×òî äåëàåò Äæîí? - Ó÷èò íîâûå ñëîâà. - À Êëàéâ óæå ____________ íîâûå ñëîâà. 8. ×òî äåëàþò âàøè äðóçüÿ? - Ãîòîâÿòñÿ ê ýêçàìåíó ïî ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó. - À ìû óæå ____________ ê ýêçàìåíó. 9. ×òî äåëàåò Òàíÿ? - Ñäà¸ò ýêçàìåí. - À Íàòàøà óæå ____________ ýêçàìåí. 10. ×òî äåëàþò òâîè ðîäèòåëè? - Ñòðîÿò íîâóþ äà÷ó. À ìîè ðîäèòåëè óæå ____________ äà÷ó.

Chapter 15

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Complete the following sentences, putting the verbs printed in bold into an appropriate form. The first one is done for you.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Answer the questions below, using first the past tense and then the future tense. The first one, which is done for you, provides the model. 1. - Ñàøà âûó÷èë íîâûå ñëîâà? - Äà, îí óæå âûó÷èë ñëîâà. - Íåò, íî îáÿçàòåëüíî âûó÷èò. 2. - Íèêîëàé Âàñèëüåâè÷ ïîåõàë â äîì îòäûõà? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. 3. - Ðîäèòåëè Òàíè êóïèëè åé âåëîñèïåä? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. 4. - Íîâûé êèíîòåàòð óæå îòêðûëñÿ? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. 5. - Ñàøà óæå îêîí÷èë óíèâåðñèòåò? - Äà, ________________________ _____________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. äèêòàíò (ïî-)÷èíèòü (II) (ïî-)ãóëÿòü (I) (âû-)ó÷èòü (II) (ïîä-)ãîòîâèòüñÿ (II) ê (+ dat)

dictation to repair to play, walk to learn to prepare (oneself) for

A new ab initio Russian course

ïîêóïàòü (I) / êóïèòü (II) (êóïëþ, êóïèøü) îòêðûâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / îòêðûòü(ñÿ) (îòêðîþ, îòêðîåøü) îêàí÷èâàòü (I) / îêîí÷èòü (II) (îêîí÷ó, îêîí÷èøü)

to buy to open to finish

287

Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

6. - Ðîññèéñêàÿ ôóòáîëüíàÿ êîìàíäà óæå âûèãðàëà ïåðâåíñòâî ïî ôóòáîëó? - Íåò, ____________________________________ ________. - Äà, _____________________________________________. 7. - Âàøè äåòè óæå íàó÷èëèñü ïëàâàòü? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. 8. - Äæîí Ñìèò ïîñìîòðåë íîâóþ âûñòàâêó â Ýðìèòàæå? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. 9. - Íàòàøà óæå ñäåëàëà äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ________________________________________ ____. 10. - Âàøè ñîñåäè óæå ïîñòðîèëè äà÷ó? - Äà, _____________________________________________. - Íåò, ____________________________________________. Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Make up meaningful sentences by matching a phrase in column À with a phrase in column Á.

À

1. ß íå ìîãó ïîéòè â ãîñòè, ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ åù¸ ... 2. Êîãäà òû ïîçâîíèøü ìíå, ÿ ... 3. Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè âû ... 4. Âäðóã êòî-òî ... 5. Ñåé÷àñ ÿ õî÷ó ïîñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð, ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ óæå ... 6. ß íèêîãäà ... 7. ß äâà ãîäà ... 8. Ñåãîäíÿ ëåêöèè ... 9. Íàêîíåö âñå ïðåïîäàâàòåëè è ñòóäåíòû ... 10. Êàê-òî ðàç ìîé äåäóøêà ... 11. Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè òû îáû÷íî ... 12. Îòåö ïðèø¸ë äîìîé, êîãäà ÿ óæå ... 13. Íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå ìû ... âûèãðûâàòü (I) / âûèãðàòü (I) ïåðâåíñòâî (íà-)ó÷èòüñÿ (íàó÷óñü, íàó÷èøüñÿ) ïîéòè â ãîñòè ê (+ dat) (ïî-)çâîíèòü (II) âñòóïèòåëüíûé ýêçàìåí ñîáèðàòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðàòüñÿ (ñîáåðóñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ)

288

to win championship to learn (how to) to visit (s.one) to call entrance exam (i) to meet, (ii) be about (to), intend (to)

Á

èãðàåøü â òåííèñ? áóäó ãîòîâèòüñÿ ê âñòóïèòåëüíûì ýêçàìåíàì. ñîáðàëèñü â õîëëå. íå âûçäîðîâåëà ïîñëå ãðèïïà. íå çàáóäó òåáÿ. êóïèë ìíå öåëóþ êîðçèíó öâåòîâ. ñîáðàëñÿ ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü. çàêîí÷èë âñå äåëà. õîäèëè â öèðê. çàêîí÷èëèñü â 2 ÷àñà. èçó÷àëè ðóññêèé ÿçûê? ðàáîòàëà íà ôàáðèêå. ïîçâîíèë. õîëë âûçäîðàâëèâàòü (I) / âûçäîðîâåòü (âûçäîðîâåþ, âûçäîðîâååøü) êàê-òî ðàç wtksq êîðçèíà çàáûâàòü(I) / çàáûòü (çàáóäó, çàáóäåøü)

hall, foyer to get better once whole basket to forget

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ëåòîì ìû èíîãäà (õîäèòü - ïîéòè) â ëåñ èëè íà îçåðî.  ëåñó ìû (ñîáèðàòü ñîáðàòü) ÿãîäû è ãðèáû. Ìû îáÿçàòåëüíî (áðàòü - âçÿòü) ñ ñîáîé áóòåðáðîäû, ñîê è ìèíåðàëüíóþ âîäó.  ëåñó ìû äîëãî (èñêàòü) ïîäõîäÿùåå ìåñòî, (ðàçâîäèòü ðàçâåñòè) êîñò¸ð è (óñòðàèâàòü - óñòðîèòü) âåñ¸ëûé ïèêíèê. Ìû (ñèäåòü - ïîñèäåòü) ó êîñòðà ÷àñà äâà-òðè è õîðîøî (îòäûõàòü - îòäîõíóòü). Ê âå÷åðó ìû (âîçâðàùàòüñÿ - âåðíóòüñÿ) äîìîé. È ÷àñòî (âñïîìèíàòü - âñïîìíèòü) íàøè ïðîãóëêè â ëåñó.

Chapter 15

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the following text and put the appropriate verb in brackets in its correct form. When you have finished, listen to the answers on the tape.

ASPECTUAL USAGE WITH INFINITIVES

The following verbs are always followed by an imperfective infinitive: íà÷èíàòü - íà÷àòü to begin ïðîäîëæàòü - ïðîäîëæèòü to continue ïåðåñòàâàòü - ïåðåñòàòü to stop êîí÷àòü - êîí÷èòü to end, finish e.g. îíà íà÷àëà ïèñàòü ðîìàí åùå â þíîñòè - she began to write the novel when she was still young îí ïðîäîëæàåò èçó÷àòü êèòàéñêèé ÿçûê âñþ æèçíü - he has continued to study Chinese all his life ÿ ïåðåñòàë(à) çàíèìàòüñÿ ñïîðòîì ïîñëå áîëåçíè - I stopped playing sport after the illness ïèñàòåëü êîí÷èò ïèñàòü ñâîþ ïîâåñòü â êîíöå ìàÿ - the writer will finish his story at the end of May

The perfective infinitive is generally used after the following verbs: óäàòüñÿ to manage óñïåòü to succeed in çàáûòü to forget e.g. ìíå óäàëîñü ðåøèòü òðóäíóþ çàäà÷ó - I managed to solve the difficult problem ÿ íå óñïåþ âûó÷èòü âñå ñëîâà - I will not succed in learning all the words îí, íàâåðíîå, çàáóäåò êóïèòü ñîëü - he will probably forget to buy the salt but îí çàáûâàåò òóøèòü ñâåò - he forgets to turn off the light

The perfective infinitive is normally used after the following modal words: íàäî, íóæíî, ñëåäóåò, äîëæåí, íåîáõîäèìî, åòñ. e.g. ìíå íàäî âåðíóòüñÿ íà äà÷ó â ñóááîòó - I have to return to the dacha on Saturday íàì íóæíî ñäåëàòü äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå - we have to do the homework åìó ñëåäóåò çàïëàòèòü çà ðåìîíò ÷àñîâ - he ought to pay for the watch repair êàæäûé ñòóäåíò äîëæåí êóïèòü ñëîâàðü - every student should buy a dictionary âàì íåîáõîäèìî ïðèíÿòü ëåêàðñòâî - you must take the medicine but íàì íóæíî åñòü - we have to eat

ñîáèðàòü (I) / ñîáðàòü (ñîáåðó, ñîáåð¸øü) áðàòü (áåðó, áåð¸øü) / âçÿòü (âîçüìó, âîçüì¸øü) èñêàòü (èùó, èùåøü) ïîäõîäÿùèé ðàçâîäèòü (ðàçâîæó, ðàçâîäèøü) / ðàçâåñòè (ðàçâåäó, ðàçâåä¸øü) êîñò¸ð

A new ab initio Russian course

to gather, collect to take to look for suitable to make a camp fire

óñòðàèâàòü (I) / óñòðîèòü (II) ñàäèòüñÿ (ñàæóñü, ñàäèøüñÿ) / ñåñòü (ñÿæó, ñÿäåøü) îòäûõàòü / îòäîõíóòü (îòäîõíó, îòäîõí¸øü) ê âå÷åðó âñïîìèíàòü (I) / âñïîìíèòü (II) ïðîãóëêà

to arrange to sit down to rest, relax by evening to recall walk

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Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Note that only the imperfective infinitive is possible when these modal words are used in the negative: ìíå íå íàäî ñåðäèòüñÿ èç-çà ïóñòÿêîâ - I don’t have to get angry over trifles îí íå äîëæåí åçäèòü òàê áûñòðî íà àâòîìîáèëå - he should not go so fast in the car åé íå ñëåäóåò çàáûâàòü ðîäèòåëåé - she should not forget her parents íå ñòîèò ðàññòðàèâàòüñÿ èç-çà íåóäà÷ - it’s not worth getting upset about failures íå íóæíî ïëàêàòü - there’s no need to cry

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Fill in the gaps with the appropriate infinitive in brackets. 1. Êîñìîíàâòû äîëæíû ___________ (ïðîõîäèòü - ïðîéòè) ìåäèöèíñêèé òåñò. 2. Åìó íå ñòîèò __________ (åçäèòü - ïîåõàòü) â Êðûì. 3. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà íà÷àëà ____________ (çàíèìàòüñÿ - çàíÿòüñÿ) éîãîé â ïðîøëîì ãîäó è äî ñèõ ïîð ïðîäîëæàåò ____________ (ïîñåùàòü - ïîñåòèòü) çàíÿòèÿ. 4. ß áîþñü, ÷òî íå óñïåþ ____________ (âîçâðàùàòüñÿ - âåðíóòüñÿ) äîìîé ê íà÷àëó ìîåé ëþáèìîé òåëåâèçèîííîé ïåðåäà÷è. 5. Äåòÿì íå ñëåäóåò ___________ (ëîæèòüñÿ - ëå÷ü) ñïàòü ïîçäíî. 6. Áîëüíûì ãðèïïîì íóæíî ___________ (ïðèíèìàòü - ïðèíÿòü) ëåêàðñòâî âîâðåìÿ. 7. Êîãäà ìîé áðàò êîí÷èò ___________ (äåëàòü - ñäåëàòü) óðîêè, ìû âìåñòå ïîéä¸ì â êèíî. 8. Ðîññèéñêèì ñïîðòñìåíàì óäàëîñü ____________ (âûèãðûâàòü - âûèãðàòü) ñîðåâíîâàíèÿ ïî ë¸ãêîé àòëåòèêå. 9. Íå íóæíî ____________ (ñåðäèòüñÿ - ðàññåðäèòüñÿ) ïî ïóñòÿêàì . 10. Âàø ñûí ïëîõî ó÷èòñÿ, âàì íåîáõîäèìî ___________ (ãîâîðèòü ïîãîâîðèòü) ñ ó÷èòåëåì. The verbs ‘to put’, ‘to lie’, ‘to sit’, ‘to hang’ etc. To stand/put (something somewhere) - (ïî-)ñòàâèòü (+ acc) â/íà (+ acc) ñòàâèòü (ñòàâëþ, ñòàâèøü, ñòàâèò, ñòàâèì, ñòàâèòå, ñòàâÿò) ïîñòàâèòü (ïîñòàâëþ, ïîñòàâèøü, ïîñòàâèò, ïîñòàâèì, ïîñòàâèòå, ïîñòàâÿò) To stand (= to be standing) - ñòîzòü ñòî§òü (ñòîø, ñòî¿øü, ñòî¿ò, ñòî¿ì, ñòî¿òå, ñòî§ò)

To lay/put (something somewhere) - êëàñòü / ïîëîæèòü (+ acc) â/íà (+ acc) êëàñòü (êëàäó, êëàä¸øü, êëàä¸ò, êëàä¸ì, êëàä¸òå, êëàäóò) (Past êëàë, êëàëà, êëàëî, êëàëè) ïîëîæèòü (ïîëîæó, ïîëîæèøü, ïîëîæèò, ïîëîæèì, ïîëîæèòå, ïîëîæàò) To lie (= to be lying) - ëåæàòü ëåæàòü (ëåæó, ëåæèøü, ëåæèò, ëåæèì, ëåæèòå, ëåæàò)

ïðîõîäèòü (II) / ïðîéòè (ïðîéäó, ïðîéä¸øü) åìó íå ñòîèò éîãà äî ñèõ ïîð ïîñåùàòü (I) / ïîñåòèòü (ïîñåùó, ïîñåòèøü)

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to go through, (here:) to take it’s not worth it for him yoga till now to visit, to attend (classes)

áîëüíîé ïðèíèìàòü (I) / ïðèíÿòü (ïðèìó, ïðèìåøü) âîâðåìÿ (ðàñ-)ñåðäèòüñÿ (ñåðæóñü, ñåðäèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) ïî ïóñòÿêàì

an ill person to take, accept on time to be angry at about trivia

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

To sit (down) (somewhere) - ñàäèòüñÿ / ñåñòü â/íà (+ acc) ñàäèòüñÿ (ñàæóñü, ñàäèøüñÿ, ñàäèòñÿ, ñàäèìñÿ, ñàäèòåñü, ñàäÿòñÿ) ñåñòü (ñÿäó, ñÿäåøü, ñÿäåò, ñÿäåì, ñÿäåòå, ñÿäóò) (Past ñåë, ñåëà, ñåëî, ñåëè) To sit (= to be sitting) - ñèäåòü ñèäåòü (ñèæó, ñèäèøü, ñèäèò, ñèäèì, ñèäèòå, ñèäÿò)

Chapter 15

To lie (down) (somewhere) - ëîæèòüñÿ / ëå÷ü â/íà (+ acc) ëîæèòüñÿ (ëîæóñü, ëîæèøüñÿ, ëîæèòñÿ, ëîæèìñÿ, ëîæèòåñü, ëîæàòñÿ) ëå÷ü (ëÿãó, ëÿæåøü, ëÿæåò, ëÿæåì, ëÿæåòå, ëÿãóò) (Past ë¸ã, ëåãëà, ëåãëî, ëåãëè) To lie (= to be lying) - ëåæàòü ëåæàòü (ëåæó, ëåæèøü, ëåæèò, ëåæèì, ëåæèòå, ëåæàò)

To hang (something somewhere) - âåøàòü / ïîâåñèòü â/íà (+ acc) âåøàòü (âåøàþ, âåøàåøü, âåøàåò, âåøàåì, âåøàåòå, âåøàþò) ïîâåñèòü (ïîâåøó, ïîâåñèøü, ïîâåñèò, ïîâåñèì, ïîâåñèòå, ïîâåñÿò) To hang (= to be hanging) - âèñåòü âèñåòü (âèøó, âèñèøü, âèñèò, âèñèì, âèñèòå, âèñÿò)

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Answer the questions below, denoting first placement (i.e. â or íà followed by the Accusative case) and then location (i.e. â or íà followed by the Prepositional case). The first one is done for you. 1. - Êóäà òû ïîëîæèë(à) êíèãó? - ß ïîëîæèë(à) êíèãó íà ñòîë. - Ãäå ëåæèò êíèãà? - Îíà ëåæèò íà ñòîëå. 2. - Êóäà âû ïîëîæèëè íîâûå æóðíàëû? (ïîëêà) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå ëåæàò íîâûå æóðíàëû? - __________________________________________________ 3. - Êóäà ìîæíî ïîñòàâèòü öâåòû? (âàçà) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå ñòîÿò öâåòû? - __________________________________________________ 4. - Êóäà òû ïîâåñèë(à) ýòó êàðòèíó? (ñòåíà) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå âèñèò ýòà êàðòèíà? - __________________________________________________ 5. - Êóäà òû ïîëîæèë(à) ìàñëî? (õîëîäèëüíèê) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå ëåæèò ìàñëî? - __________________________________________________ 6. - Êóäà îòåö âåøàåò êóðòêó? (øêàô) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå âèñèò êóðòêà? - __________________________________________________ ïîëêà

shelf

A new ab initio Russian course

êóðòêà

(man’s) jacket

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7. - Êóäà âû ïîñòàâèëè òåëåâèçîð? (ãîñòèíàÿ) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå ñòîèò òåëåâèçîð? - __________________________________________________ 8. - Êóäà âû ïîëîæèëè ñëîâàðü? (øêàô) - __________________________________________________ - Ãäå ëåæèò ñëîâàðü? - __________________________________________________ Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Insert the correct form of the verbs ñòàâèòü - ïîñòàâèòü, êëàñòü - ïîëîæèòü, âåøàòü - ïîâåñèòü or ñòîÿòü, ëåæàòü, âèñåòü, as appropriate. 1. - Ãäå ____________ ïàìÿòíèê Àëåêñàíäðó Ñåðãååâè÷ó Ïóøêèíó? - Ïàìÿòíèê À.Ñ. Ïóøêèíó ____________ â ñêâ åðå îêîëî êèíîòåàòðà «Ðîññèÿ». 2. - Êóäà âû ____________ ñâîè ó÷åáíèêè è òåòðàäè? 3. - Âàì íàäî ____________ ïëàù íà âåøàëêó â ïðèõîæåé. - ß óæå ___________ ïëàù â øêàô. 4. - Òû äîëæåí ____________ õëåá â õëåáíèöó. - Îí óæå ____________ â õëåáíèöå. 5. - Õîçÿéêà ___________ ÷àéíèê íà ïëèòó. - ×àéíèê _________ íà ïëèòå. 6. - Ó÷åáíèêè ____________ íà ïîëêå, à òåòðàäè ____________ â ïîðòôåëå. 7. - Çèìíèå âåùè ìîÿ ìàìà ____________ â øêàô. Âñå ïàëüòî ____________ â øêàôó. 8. - Îíà íå õîòåëà ____________ ðîçû â âàçó. 9. - Òû ____________ òàðåëêè íà ñòîë? 11. - ß çàáûëà ____________ íà ñòîë íîæè è âèëêè.

ïàìÿòíèê (+ dat) ñêâåð âåøàëêà ïðèõîæàÿ õëåáíèöà

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statue (of) public garden hanger (entrance) hall bread basket

õîçÿéêà ÷àéíèê ïëèòà çèìíèå âåùè

housewife kettle stove winter things S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 16

Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER SIXTEEN - ØÅÑÒÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ IN THE TOWN -

 ÃÎÐÎÄÅ

In Chapter Sixteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to ask for and give directions to ask for and give information to ask for and give instructions to make and carry out requests

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

the formation of the imperative the prepositions which take the instrumental case the formation of the conditional mood the formation of the subjunctive mood

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the recording of a guided coach tour around central St. Petersburg. Indicate with a tick in the table below whether the various places mentioned are on the right or the left of Nevsky Prospekt. The first one is done for you. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Place Nevsky Restaurant Nevsky Palace Hotel Souvenir shop Grand Hotel Europe Gostiny Dvor Kazan Cathedral The Admiralty The Hermitage

On the right

On the left ü

Note: the adverbs yfktdj/yfghfdj are always used to indicate direction when they follow a verb. The adverbs cktdf/cghfdf usually indicate location. However, they can also indicate movement from a location or position: jy bl/n yfktdj/yfghfdj - he is going left/right gjxnf yf[jlbncz cktdf/cghfdf - the post-office is on the left/right vfibyf tltn cktdf/cghfdf - the car is coming from the left/right

Note also the spelling of these adverbs: those beginning with íà- end in -î (yfghfdj/yfktdj) and those beginning with c- end in -f (cghfdf/cktdf). Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn ukfdysq yfktdj yfghfdj ghjtp;fnm (I) (imp) (+ acc) htcnjhfy «Ytdcrbq» lfkmit gj (+ dat) cktdf (jn + gen) cghfdf (jn + gen)

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Nevsky Prospekt main to the left to the right to pass Nevsky restaurant further along on/from/to the left (of) on/from/to the right (of)

«Ytdcrbq Gfkfc» pyfvtybnsq eybdthcfkmysq vfufpby «Ujcnbysq ldjh» Rfpfycrbq cj,jh ghzvj Ldjhwjdfz gkjoflm Flvbhfkntqcndj Ýhvbnf;

Nevsky Palace famous department store Gostiny Dvor Kazan Cathedral straight on Palace Square The Admiralty the Hermitage

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. The Nevsky Restaurant is situated on the right of the Nevsky Prospect. (Ytn^ htcnjhfy Ytdcrbq yf[jlbncz cktdf) 2. We are travelling along Gorky Street (____________________________________________________) 3. There are many hotels, shops, restaurants and museums along the main street of St. Petersburg. (____________________________________________________) 4. The hotel Nevsky Palace is on the left of Nevsky Prospekt. (____________________________________________________) 5. The souvenir shop is next on the left after the hotel Nevsky Palace. (____________________________________________________) 6. The Grand Hotel Europe is on the right of Nevsky Prospekt. (____________________________________________________) 7. The Grand Hotel Europe is one of the cheapest hotels in the city. (____________________________________________________) 8. Gostiny Dvor is one of the oldest department stores in the city. (____________________________________________________) 9. Gostiny Dvor is situated on the left of Nevsky Prospekt. (____________________________________________________) 10. Kazan Cathedral is one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. (____________________________________________________) 11. It is situated on the right of Nevsky Prospekt. (____________________________________________________) 12. The Admiralty is on the left of Palace Square. (____________________________________________________) 13. The Hermitage is also on the left of Palace Square. (____________________________________________________)

Y

Chapter 16

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the text from Activity One again and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y). Where you have put (Y) write out the correct version in Russian. The first one is done for you.

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Moving from Alexander Nevsky Square to Palace Square, complete in Russian the partial map of Nevsky Prospekt below. Refer to Activities One and Two for the necessary information, then play the role of a tourist guide and describe the location of the places on the map during the return journey from Palace Square to Alexander Nevsky Square.

A new ab initio Russian course

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

FORMATION OF THE IMPERATIVE You have already met several imperatives in previous chapters; e.g. crf;b(nt)^ bpdbyb(nt)^ plhfdcndeq(nt)^ gjcvjnhb(nt)& The informal imperative (crf;b^ bpdbyb etc.) is used when giving commands and making requests to people addressed as ns. The formal imperative (crf;bnt^ bpdbybnt^ etc.) is formed by adding -òå to the informal imperative and is used when addressing people as ds& Both the informal and the formal imperative can be formed from either aspect. Take the jyb form of the present tense or the perfective future tense and remove the last two letters. If the stem of a verb ends with a vowel add -é(òå); if the stem ends with a consonant add -è(òå)& To form a negative imperative simply place the negative particle yt before the verb. For more details on the formation of the imperative see the Grammar section. Infinitive hf,jnfnm (imp) uekznm (imp) gjcnhjbnm (pf) ujdjhbnm (imp) gjcvjnhtnm (pf) yt djkyjdfnmcz (imp)

Third-person plural (jyb) hf,jnf-.n (jyb) uekz-.n (jyb) gjcnhj-zn (jyb) ujdjh-zn (jyb) gjcvjnh-zn (jyb) yt djkye-.ncz

Stem hf,jnfuekzgjcnhjujdjhgjcvjnhyt djkye-

Imperative hf,jnfq(nt) uekzq(nt) gjcnhjq(nt) ujdjhb(nt) gjcvjnhb(nt) yt djkyeq(cz/ntcm)

Activity Four - ×åòâåðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner to carry out the necessary action in the following situations, choosing the appropriate imperative (formal or informal) in each case. Use the model below as your guide, and reverse roles after each command. Ýnj jxtym bynthtcyfz rybuf^ nt,t ye;yj ghjxbnfnm t/& Ýnj jxtym bynthtcyfz rybuf^ ghjxbnfq t/& 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

D rjvyfnt ntvyj^ nt,t ye;yj drk.xbnm cdtn& Abkmv e;t rjyxbkcz^ dfv ye;yj dsrk.xbnm ntktdbpjh& D rjvyfnt leiyj^ nt,t ye;yj jnrhsnm* jryj& Pltcm jxtym [jkjlyj^ dfv ye;yj pfrhsnm* ldthm& E nt,z ytn rjat^ nt,t ye;yj regbnm rjat& Vs jgfplsdftv yf gjtpl^ nt,t ye;yj gjcgtibnm& Vfvt e;t kexit^ dfv yt ye;yj djkyjdfnmcz& E;t jxtym gjplyj^ nt,t ye;yj cgfnm& E nt,z ,jkbn pe,^ nt,t ye;yj blnb r pe,yjve dhfxe& Pbvjq d Vjcrdt jxtym [jkjlyj^ dfv ye;yj jltdfnmcz ntgkj&

* With the verbs jnrhsnm/pfrhsnm the vowel -û- changes to -î- in all personal forms; e.g. z jnrhj./ pfrhj.^ ns jnrhjtim/pfrhjtim^ jy/jyf jnrhjtn/pfrhjtn^ vs jnrhjtv/pfrhjtv^ ds jnrhjtnt/ pfrhjtnt^ jyb jnrhj.n/pfrhj.n& Hence the imperatives: jnrhjq(nt) / pfrhjq(nt)&

ntvyj drk.xfnm (I) / drk.xbnm (II) dsrk.xfnm (I) / dsrk.xbnm (II) cdtn leiyj (gj-)cgtibnm (II)

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it is dark to switch on to switch off light it is stuffy, close to hurry up

(dp-)djkyjdfnmcz (III) (djkye.cm^ djkyetimcz) gjplyj jltdfnmcz (I) / jltnmcz (jltyecm^ jltytimcz) ntgkj

to worry it is late to put on warm clothing

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

xbcnbnm

[hfybnm

yfrhsnm

gjkj;bnm

dfhbnm

Ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ñîâåòû - Useful tips

Chapter 16

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the following text and fill in the gaps, forming the appropriate imperative from the verbs given in the box below. Listen to the tape to check your answers.

1& Xnj,s csh ,sk cdt;bv ljkuj^ ____________________ yf nfhtkre hzljv c cshjv recjxtr cf[fhf b ____________________ tuj lheujq nfhtkrjq& 2& ____________________ vfckj b vfhufhby d ytghjphfxyjq vfck/yrt& Cdtn hfpheiftn dbnfvbys& 3& Xnj,s cj[hfybnm dbnfvbys b drec jdjotq^ ____________________ b[ d gjlcjk/yjq djlt& 4& Xnj,s herb yt xthytkb^ ____________________ rfhnjatkm b dct jdjob yj;jv bp yth;fdt.otq cnfkb& 5& Xnj,s jdjob cj[hfybkb cdjq wdtn^ ____________________ d djle^ d rjnjhjq jyb dfhzncz ytvyjuj gbnmtdjq cjls& Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Groupwork. Choose any two from the following list of household tips. Write them down in Russian and then tell the class about them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

To improve* the taste and smell of coffee warm the coffee beans first . To freshen up parsley put it into cold salty water for an hour. To cut fresh bread easily warm the knife first. To remove fruit stains use lemon juice. To remove red wine stains use salt. Always cool white wine in ice (yf kmle)&

* To express these instructions in Russian begin with xnj,s + infinitive (see Activity Five).

recjxtr yfrhsdfnm (I) / yfrhsnm (yfrhj.^ yfrhjtim) (+ acc, + instr) [hfybnm (II) (imp) ytghjphfxysq vfck/yrf hfpheifnm (I) / hfpheibnm (II) (c-)dfhbnm (II) (+ acc) gjlcjk/yfz djlf (gj-)xthytnm (xthyt.^ xthyttim) (gj-)xbcnbnm (xboe^ xbcnbim) yth;fdt.ofz cnfkm (f) gbnmtdfz cjlf

A new ab initio Russian course

small lump, piece to cover (s.th. with s.th.) to keep opaque butter dish to destroy to cook salted water to turn black (here:) to peel stainless steel bicarbonate of soda

cj[hfyznm (I) / cj[hfybnm (II) ekexifnm (I) / ekexibnm (II) pfgf[ (yf-)uhtnm (I) (uht.^ uhttim) p/hyf rjat jcdt;fnm (I) / jcdt;bnm (II) gtnheirf (yf-)hüpfnm (ht;e^ ht;tim) elfkznm (I) / elfkbnm (II) gznyj jn ahernjd/dbyf bcgjkmpjdfnm (III) (bcgjkmpe.^ bcgjkmpetim) (imp & pf) j[kf;lfnm (I) / j[kflbnm (j[kf;e^ j[kflbim)

to preserve to improve smell to warm, heat coffee beans to freshen up parsley to cut to remove fruit/wine stain to use to cool (down)

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Underline the imperatives in the following dialogues and write down the infinitives from which they are formed. Read the dialogues in pairs. 1. Òóðèñò Ïðîõîæèé

-

Òóðèñò

-

2. Òóðèñòêà

-

Ìèëèöèîíåð -

Òóðèñòêà

-

Ìèëèöèîíåð 3. Òóðèñò Ïðîõîæèé

-

Bpdbybnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ ds yt* pyftnt^ ult yf[jlbncz gjxnf$ Cjdctv ytlfktrj& Blbnt ghzvj^ gjnjv gjdthybnt yfktdj e cdtnjajhf b gthtqlbnt ekbwe& Cghfdf jn dfc ds edblbnt gjxne& <jkmijt cgfcb,j& Ghjcnbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ ds yt crf;tnt^ rfr ghjqnb r Heccrjve vept.$ Blbnt ghzvj^ e cnfywbb vtnhj Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn gjdthybnt yfghfdj^ yf yf,tht;ye.þrfyfkf Uhb,jtljdf^ gjnjv ghjqlbnt vtnhjd ldtcnb b jgznm gjdthybnt yfghfdj^ yf By;tythye. ekbwe^ nfv ds edblbnt Heccrbq veptq& Cgfcb,j ,jkmijt& Pyfxbn^ vyt ye;yj blnb ghzvj^ gjnjv yfghfdj e vtnhj b jgznm yfghfdj^ yf By;tythye. ekbwe& Ghfdbkmyj$ Lf^ dc/ ghfdbkmyj& Lj cdblfybz& Ghjcnbnt^ ds yt gjlcrf;tnt^ rfr ljt[fnm lj rbyjntfnhf «Rjcvjc»? Cflbntcm yf nhjkktq,ec yjvth 36^ cjqlbnt xthtp nhb jcnfyjdrb b yf ýnjq ;t cnjhjyt ekbws cktdf ,eltn rbyjntfnh «Rjcvjc».

* In phrases like ds yt pyftnt&&&^ ds yt crf;tnt&&&^ ds yt gjlcrf;tnt the particle yt is used to make a polite request for information and not for the purpose of negation. These phrases could be roughly translated as ‘you don’t (happen to) know …’ / ‘you couldn’t (happen to) tell me …’.

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the role of A and your partner plays B, then reverse the roles. Use the ds form in the first dialogue and ns in the second dialogue. A 1. Ask your partner how to get (on foot) to Kazan Cathedral.

B Give the following directions: - walk straight on, then turn left at the traffic lights, and walk up Nevsky Prospekt for about 500 meteres - say that your partner will see the Cathedral on the left.

2. Ask your partner how to get (by transport) to the Hermitage.

Give the following directions: - take No. 5 bus and get off after 2 stops - take the metro, get off at the Nevsky Prospekt metro station - turn right and walk along Nevsky Prospekt - say that your partner will see the Hermitage straight ahead of him/her (gthtl cj,jq).

ghj[j;bq gjdjhfxbdfnm (I) / gjdthyenm (gjdthye^ gjdthy/im) cdtnjajh gtht[jlbnm (II) / gthtqnb (gthtqle^ gthtql/im) (+ acc) cghfdf jn dfc ds yt (gjl)crf;tnt (vyt) &&& rfr ghjqnb (pf) r (+ dat) &&&$ vbkbwbjyth

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passer-by to turn traffic lights to cross on your right could you tell me ... how do I get to &&&$ policeman

cnfywbz vtnhj yf,tht;yfz rfyfkf ghj[jlbnm (II) / ghjqnb (ghjqle^ ghjql/im) gj (+ dat) pyfxbn rfr ljt[fnm (pf) lj (+ gen) cjqnb (pf) c (+ gen) xthtp nhb jcnfyjdrb yf ýnjq ;t cnjhjyt gthtl cj,jq

metro station bank of the canal to walk along so, then how do I get to &&&$ to get off after three stops on the same side ahead of oneself

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE PREPOSITIONS WHICH REQUIRE THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE

gjl (under) yfl (over/above) vt;le (between/among) gthtl (in front of) hzljv c (next/near to) pf (behind/at)

gjl cnjkjv yfl rhjdfnm. vt;le ljvfvb gthtl ljvjv hzljv c ybv pf cfljv / pf cnjkjv

-

under the table over the bed between the houses in front of the house near him, next to him behind the garden / at the table

Chapter 16

The following prepositions require the Instrumental case of the noun and indicate location or place:

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below and fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition. The first one is done for you.

Cj,frf cblbn gjl irfajv&

Ltdjxrf cnj¿n ______ ldthm.&

Cnjk cnj¿n _____ rhtckjv&

Rybuf kt;bn ______ ntktajyjv&

Jntw cblbn _____ ltnmvb&

Rfhnbyf dbcbn ______ cnjkjv&

Nfyz cblbn ______ Vfitq&

Vfibyf cnj¿n _____ ljvjv&

A new ab initio Russian course

299

Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the tape and fill in the missing details in Russian on the map given below. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the picture and describe it in Russian. Use Activity Ten as a model.

gfhbrvf[thcrfz ntktajy-fdnjvfn crdth gjcthtlbyt (+ gen) ajynfy

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hairdresser’s public telephone small public garden in the middle fountain

gfvznybr (+ dat) cfljdfz crfvtqrf gjlptvysq gtht[jl ufptnysq rbjcr fgntrf

monument to garden bench pedestrian subway newspaper stall chemist S azov (Russian from Scratch )

HOW TO FORM THE CONDITIONAL MOOD a) a conditional clause (åñëè áû + the past tense of the verb) b) a main clause (the past tense of the verb + the particle áû, which may follow or precede the verb) e.g. åñëè áû e vtyz áûëî ,jkmit dhtvtyb^ z èçó÷àëà áû fyukbqcrbq zpsr (or ..., z áû èçó÷àëà fyukbqcrbq zpsr) - if I had more time I would study English

Chapter 16

A construction in the conditional mood comprises the following elements:

åñëè áû e vtyz áûë ,bktn^ z ïîø¸ë áû yf rjywthn (or ..., z áû ïîø¸ë yf rjywthn) - if I had a ticket I would have gone to the concert

Both the above examples are hypothetical, i.e. they suggest that the necessary circumstances do not or did not pertain. There is another type of conditional construction which describes a real situation which may occur:

e.g. tckb gjujlf áóäåò [jhjifz^ jy ïîéä¸ò uekznm - if the weather is fine he will go for a walk

Note: in English the verb in this type of conditional clause is normally used in the present tense (even when referring to the future), whereas in Russian it is always in the future tense.

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following extract from a children’s poem (‘Superstitions’). Note the use of the word tckb and decide which of the two conditional constructions (real or hypothetical) it indicates. ÏÐÈÌÅÒÛ (Ñ. Ìàðøàê) Cj,bhfzcm yf ýrpfvty^ Dfkz ujdjhbkf% - Tckb njkmrj gfktw vfvby Jreyenm d xthybkf^

Getting ready for her exam Valya was saying: “If my mother’s finger Is dipped in ink,

Tckb z gthtl ljcrj. Rfr-yb,elm erhflrjq E[bnh.cm jlyjq herj. Dpznm ct,z pf gznre^

If, standing by the blackboard, I manage To touch my heel With my hand,

Tckb^ cyzd ,jnbyjr d irjkt^ Gjdnjh. pfrkznmt^ F gjnjv vtijxtr cjkb Ghbrjk. yf gkfnmt^

If, having taken off my shoe at school, I say an incantation And then pin a small bag of salt To my dress,

Tckb z d nhjkktq,ec yjdsq If the trolleybus Czle yf Cfljdjq^ That I take on Sadovaya Street is brand new, F d nhjkktq,ect dj;fnsq ,eltn ,jhjlfnsq^ And the trolleybus conductor has a beard, Tckb z d genb yt dcnhtxe Yb tlbyjq rjirb Bkb djdhtvz pfvtxe B cdthye c ljhj;rb^

If on my way to school I don’t see a single cat Or notice it in time And turn from its path,

Tckb z pfim. vjytns D afhner gjl j,jhrb^Nj^ gj dctv vjbv ghbvtnfv^ Gjkexe gj dctv ghtlvtnfv Rheukst gzn/hrb!

If I sew a few coins Under the frills of my pinafore, Then, according to all these superstitions, I will pass my exam With the highest possible marks!”

A new ab initio Russian course

301

Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing The following sentences describe some common Russian superstitions which portend either good or bad luck. Complete each one using the verb in brackets in the future tense and suggest an English translation below. 1.

Tckb ds &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (pfibnm) ytcrjkmrj vjytn d gjljk gkfnmz bkb gjlrkflre gbl;frf^ dfv gjdtp/n&

2&

Tckb ds &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(edbltnm) x/hyjuj rjnf^ dfv yt gjdtp/n&

3&

Tckb ds &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (hfp,bnm) pthrfkj^ dfv yt gjdtp/n&

4.

Tckb ds nhb hfpf &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (gk.yenm) xthtp gktxj^ dfv gjdtp/n&

5.

Tckb ds &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (hfccsgfnm) cjkm^ dfv yt gjdtp/n&

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Which of the following Russian superstitions do you think bring good or bad luck? (Your teacher will tell you whether you are right or wrong.) 1. 2. 3. 4.

To shake hands over the threshold (pljhjdfnmcz xthtp gjhju) To trip on your left leg (cgjnryenmcz yf ktde. yjue) To sit at the corner of a table (of a young lady) (cbltnm yf euke) To meet a woman with empty buckets (dcnhtnbnm ;tyobye c gecnsvb d/lhfvb)

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following six conditional instructions and fill in the table below, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. The first one is done for you. 1 2 3 4 5 6 pfibdfnm (I) / pfibnm (pfim.^ pfim/im) ytcrjkmrj (+ gen) vjytnf gjljk gjlrkflrf (+ dat) (gj-)dtp/n hfp,bdfnm (I) /hfp,bnm (hfpj,m.^ hfpj,m/im) pthrfkj

302

Lf

to sew in some, a few coin hem lining (to be) lucky to break mirror

gktdfnm (gk..^ gk./im) / gk.yenm (gk.ye^ gk.ytim) hfccsgánm (I) / hfccÏgfnm (hfccsgk.^ hfccsgktim) ghtlkj;tybt gktxj gjcnfdmnt pyfr yfhbceqnt rhe;jr rhe;jr ufkjxrf

to spit to spill (dry substances) sentence shoulder put a sign draw a circle circle tick (ü)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Tckb áû e vtyz áûëî vyjuj äåíåã^ z regbk ,s ÿõòó& _______ ,s z ctqxfc _______ ljvf^ z dsgbkf ,s _______ xfz c _______& _______ _______ z dsbuhfk kjntht.^ z _______ _______ yjdsq _______&

_______ _______ e vtyz ctujlyz _______ ltym hj;ltybz^ z _______ regbkf _______& Tckb ,s z yt_______^ z gjikf _______ d _______& _______ _______ e vtyz _______ vyjuj cdj,jlyjuj _______^ z ,s bpexfk _______ zpsr&

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

Chapter 16

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen twice to the recording and fill in the missing words in the captions below. Then identify which caption goes with which picture. The first one is done for you.

Activity Seventeen - Ctvyflwfnjt pflfybt Reading Read the following parts of various sentences. Match the phrases on the left with the phrases on the right. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7&

Tckb Tckb Tckb Tckb Tckb Tckb Tckb

,s ns ghbi/k hfymit^ ,s z evtk ujdjhbnm gj-ytvtwrb^ ,s ns gjpdjybk^ ,s Fynjy yt tk ptk/yst z,kjrb^ ,s jctym. xfcnj ikb lj;lb^ ,s d b.kt yt ,skj pfce[b^ ,s vfibyf ,skf yjdjq^

dscj[yenm (dscj[ye^ dscj[ytim) (pf) A new ab initio Russian course

to wither

d ktce ,skj ,s vyjuj uhb,jd& wdtns d cfle yt dscj[kb ,s& jyf yt ckjvfkfcm ,s& vs ,s yt jgjplfkb d rbyj& z ,s yt pf,kelbkcz d
to get lost

303

Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Look at the following pictures and write a short story describing what happens. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Then retell the story using the conditional mood, as in the model below the pictures. Îïîçäàë

1. Ivan can’t sleep. He is very nervous before his exam.

2. He takes a sleeping pill and finally falls asleep.

3. The next morning he oversleeps.

4. He picks up his briefcase 5. The bus to the university has 6. He takes a taxi. and hurries to the bus station. already gone.

7. He discovers that he has left his wallet at home.

8. The taxi driver throws him out of the taxi.

10. He arrives 40 minutes late and is not allowed to take the examination. ythdybxfnm (I) (imp) pfcsgfnm (I) / pfcyenm (pfcye^ pfcy/im) (ds-)gbnm (gm.^ gm/im) cyjndjhyjt ghjcsgánm (I) / ghjcgfnm (ghjcgk.^ ghjcgbim)

304

Tckb ,s Bdfy yt ythdybxfk gthtl ýrpfvtyjv^ jy ,s ,scnhj pfcyek& Tckb ,s jy ,scnhj pfcyek^ jy yt dsgbk ,s cyjndjhyjt &&&

to be nervous to fall asleep to take sleeping pills to oversleep

9. He decides to run to the university.

ecgtdfnm (I) / ecgtnm (ecgt.^ ecgttim) yf (+ acc) rjitk/r dscf;bdfnm (I) / dscflbnm (dscf;e^ dscflbim) (+ acc) bp nfrcb

to make it in time for wallet to throw (s.one) out of the taxi

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The subjunctive is used to indicate a wish or desire for someone else to do something; e.g. I want you to phone me. In Russian it is expressed by a construction consisting of a main clause and a subordinate clause with ÷òîáû + the past tense of the verb: z [jxe^ xnj,s ns gjpdjybk vyt& Remember: xnj,s is never used with the present or future tense. The construction ÷òîáû + past tense is also used to express the purpose of an action if the two clauses of the sentence have different subjects; e.g. z gjpdjy. vfvt^ xnj,s jyf ghbikf d gznm xfcjd - I will phone my mother, so that she comes at five o’clock.

Chapter 16

HOW TO FORM THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

If the two clauses have the same subject, ÷òîáû is followed by an infinitive (you have already met this construction in Activities Five and Six); e.g. jyf gjikf yf gjxne^ xnj,s regbnm vfhrb - she went to the post office to buy some stamps.

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the recording in which you will hear requests for people to carry out various actions. Rephrase these requests using the construction with xnj,s + past tense. The first one is done for you. 1. Jyf [jxtn^ xnj,s Vfhbyf pfrhskf jryj& 2. Jy [jxtn^ xnj,s 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Imagine that you are writing a plan for the day ahead, based on visiting any ten of the places and people listed in the box below. You should specify in each case where you have to go and provide a reason why, but you do not have to stick to the order in which they are listed. Ctujlyz vyt ye;yj c[jlbnm d vfufpby^ xnj,s regbnm [kt, b hs,e& Note: other common verb constructions which you might use include gjqnb / gjt[fnm d (+ acc), (to go to), pfqnb d (+ acc) (to call in to), pfqnb r (+ dat) (to call in on [s.one]), pfqnb pf (+ instr) (to call in for, to collect), dthyenmcz d (+ acc) (to return to), gjujdjhbnm c (+ instr) (to have a word with), gjvjxm (+ dat) (to help [s.one]), pf,hfnm ltntq bp irjks (to pick up the children from school), dcnhtnbnmcz c (to meet [s.one]) and gjuekznm (to go for a stroll).

VFUFPBY EYBDTHCBNTN GJKBRKBYBRF CNFLBJY
c[jlbnm (II) d vfufpby

A new ab initio Russian course

to pop to the shop

(gj-)vjkbnmcz (II)

to pray

305

Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Speaking Refer to your plan from Activity Twenty and imagine that you are too busy to do any of the things listed. Leave an ansaphone message to your friend, asking him/her to carry out any five of the tasks for you. Use the model below as a guide. Z ,s [jntk(f)^ xnj,s ns c[jlbk(f) d vfufpby b regbk(f) [kt, b hs,e&

GRAMMAR HOW TO FORM THE IMPERATIVE The imperative mood in Russian has special forms only for the second person singular - the familiar imperative (the ns form) and for the second person plural - the formal imperative (the ds form). The first person plural imperative (the vs form, ns + z) is expressed by the corresponding forms of the present tense or the perfective future (always without the pronoun); e.g. bl/v! (let’s go!). The ending -òå is added to such forms when the first person implies ds (ds + z); e.g. bl/vnt! The first person plural imperative may also be formed by adding lfdfq/lfdfqnt to the corresponding forms of the present tense or the perfective future; e.g. lfdfq/nt (,eltv) xbnfnm or lfdfq/nt gjxbnftv! (let’s read!). The third person imperative is expressed by the particle gecnm (colloquially also gecrfq) and the third person singular or plural of the present tense or the perfective future; e.g. gecnm (jy/jyf) cgbn (let him/ her sleep), gecnm (jyb) cgzn (let them sleep). The formal imperative is formed by adding -òå to the ns form of the imperative. The ns imperative is formed from imperfective and perfective verbs in the following ways: 1. by adding -é to the present/future stem of verbs ending in a vowel Infinitive xbnfnm cnhjbnm

Third person plural xbnf-.n cnhj-zn

Stem xbnfcnhj-

Informal imperative xbnfq cnhjq

Formal imperative xbnfqnt cnhjqnt

Note: a) the imperatives of the verbs with the suffix -fdf are formed by adding -q to the stem of the infinitive; e.g. lfdfnm > lfdf- > lfdfq(nt)^ dcnfdfnm > dcnfdf- > dcnfdfq(nt)* b) the verb gbnm has the imperative gtq(nt). Other monosyllabic verbs with -è- form their imperatives in the same way: ibnm (to sew) > itq(nt)^ kbnm (to pour) > ktq(nt)^ ,bnm (to beat) > ,tq(nt) etc. 2.

by adding -è to the present/future stem of verbs which end in a consonant and have mobile or final syllable stress.

Mobile stress in personal forms Infinitive gbcánm cghjc¿nm

Third person plural g¿i-en cghóc-zn

Stem g¿icghóc-

Informal imperative gbi¿ cghjc¿

Formal imperative gbi¿nt cghjc¿nt

Stem imperative ujdjh-

Informal imperative ujdjh¿

Formal

Final syllable stress in personal forms Infinitive ujdjh¿nm

306

Third person plural ujdjh-§n

ujdjh¿nt

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Infinitive hüpfnm ,snm

Third person plural hü;-en ,ål-en

Stem hü;,ål-

Informal imperative hü;m ,ålm

Formal imperative hü;mnt ,ålmnt

Note: I. some verbs have irregular imperatives: a) the imperative of ktxm (to lie down) is formed without a soft sign: ktxm > kzu-en > kzu(nt) b) the imperative of tcnm (to eat) is tim(nt) c) the imperative of (gj-)t[fnm (to go) is gjtp;fq(nt)

Chapter 16

3. by adding -ü to the present/future stem of verbs which end in a single consonant and have fixed stress on the stem

II. the following verbs do not form imperatives: dbltnm (to see) cksifnm (to hear) pfdbctnm (to depend) ,htlbnm (to be delirious)

SOME USES OF THE IMPERFECTIVE IMPERATIVE The imperfective imperative is used to express: 1. requests and instructions vjqnt herb gthtl tljq - wash your hands before meals dsnbhfqnt yjub - wipe your feet, please 2. a re-enforcement of a request or command (given in the perfective imperative) which has not been acted upon Someone knocks on the door ... - djqlbnt! (pf) - come in! No one enters ... - d[jlbnt^ d[jlbnt! (imp) - come in, come in! 3. advice gj enhfv ghbybvfqnt [jkjlysq lei b ltkfqnt pfhzlre - take cold showers and do physical exercise in the mornings 4. negative requests or commands yt ;lb vtyz - don’t wait for me yt rehbnt pltcm - don’t smoke here 5. an invitation in social situations ghj[jlbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf - come through, please hfpltdfqntcm^ gj;fkeqcnf - take off your hat and coat, please cybvfqnt gfkmnj - take off your coat cflbntcm^ gj;fkeqcnf - sit down, please ,thbnt [kt,^ gj;fkeqcnf - have some bread yfkbdfqnt dbyj - have some wine rkflbnt cf[fh - have some sugar eujofqntcm - help yourself /yourselves A new ab initio Russian course

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

SOME USES OF THE PERFECTIVE IMPERATIVE The perfective imperative is used to express: 1. a single request or command drk.xb ntktdbpjh - switch on the television dsrk.xb cdtn - switch off the light Note: the addition of the particle -rf to the imperative softens or reduces the formality of the command: lfq-rf vyt rfhfylfi - give me a pencil, please Remember to use the imperfective imperative in negative single requests or commands forbidding an action: yt yt yt yt

drk.xfq ntktdbpjh - don’t switch on the television dsrk.xfq cdtn - don’t switch off the light jnrhsdfnt jryj - don’t open the window pfrhsdfqnt ldthm - don’t close the door

2. a warning in the negative (rather than a command) yt yt yt yt yt yt

egflb! - mind you don’t fall! gjlcrjkmpybcm! - mind you don’t slip! j,j;ubcm! - mind you don’t burn yourself! ghjcnelbcm! - mind you don’t catch a cold! gjht;mcz! - mind you don’t cut yourself! bcgfxrfqntcm! - mind you don’t get dirty!

Sometimes this negative perfective imperative is used with cvjnhb/nt! (mind ...); e.g. cvjnhb^ yt egflb! - mind you don’t fall!. USE OF OTHER FORMS OF VERBS AS IMPERATIVES 1. The infinitive is commonly used to express strict instructions or abrupt commands dcnfnm! - get up! cbltnm nb[j! - sit quietly! cktljdfnm pf vyjq! - follow me! cnjznm cvbhyj! - stand still! yt rehbnm! - do not smoke! gj ufpjyfv yt [jlbnm! - do not walk on the grass! herfvb yt nhjufnm! - do not touch! yt ghbckjyznmcz r ldthzv! - do not lean against the doors! yt cjhbnm! - no litter! yt ievtnm! - quiet please! 2. The future perfective forms may be used to express categorical commands ns gjql/im b hfccrf;tim bv dc/^ rfr ,skj! - you will go and tell them everything that happened! ns cltkftim ýnj dj xnj ,s nj yb cnfkj! - you will do it whatever happens! ds ybrelf yt gjql/nt! - you are not going anywhere! jyb yt gjtlen r dfv! - they are not going to visit you! 3. Subjunctive constructions may be used to express a suggestion or a mild command gjt[fk ,s ns r ytq - you really ought to go and see her gjvbhbkbcm ,s ds! - you two ought to make it up yfgbcfkf ,s ns tve - you should write to him yt rehbk ,s ns - you should give up smoking

308

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

yfcnjzobq wtqkjycrbq (gj-)ghj,jdfnm (III) yfcnhfbdfnmcz (I) / yfcnhjbnmcz (II) yf (+ acc)

A new ab initio Russian course

real Ceylon to taste, try to be tuned into

kexitt gtyyjt gbdj yf cdtnt cxfcnmt nfhfym (f)

Chapter 16

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following advertisements from a Russian magazine and identify all the imperative forms included in them. Then write down the infinitives from which the imperatives were formed and list any other possible imperatives. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

the best (thing) beer with a (good) head in the world happiness sea-roach

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following advertisement for spring water. Underline all the imperative forms that you can find. Complete the table after the advertisement. BYCNHERWBZ GJ GJKMPJDFYB> RK>XTDJQ DJLJQ «CDZNJQ BCNJXYBR»

1& Gjcnfdmnt ,enskre d dthnbrfkmyjt gjkj;tybt& 2& Gkjnyj pf;vbnt ghj,re b gjdthybnt t/ ghjnbd xfcjdjq cnhtkrb& 3& Djpmvbnt d ghfde. here k.,e. gjl[jlzoe. /vrjcnm^ ghtldfhbntkmyj jgjkjcybnt t/& 4& Frrehfnyj yfktqnt rk.xtde. djle d /vrjcnm& 5& Yfckf;lfqntcm& 6& Ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb gjdnjhbnt ghjwtlehe& 7& Gjregfqnt rk.xtde. djle «Cdznjq Bcnjxybr» gj vtht ytj,[jlbvjcnb&

the imperative from the above text gjcnfdmnt

dthnbrfkmyjt gjkj;tybt gkjnyj ghj,rf ghjnbd xfcjdjq cnhtkrb k.,fz gjl[jlzofz /vrjcnm (f)

310

the infinitive from which it is formed gjcnfdbnm (to put)

upright position tightly top anti-clockwise any suitable container

other possible imperatives gjcnfdm/gjcnfdmnt

ghtldfhbntkmyj rk.xtdfz djlf ghjwtlehf ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb Cdznjq Bcnjxybr gj vtht ytj,[jlbvjcnb

beforehand spring water procedure if necessary Holy Spring as necessary

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

THE PREPOSITIONS WHICH REQUIRE THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE

gjl (under) yfl (over/above) vt;le (between/among) gthtl (in front of) hzljv c (next/near to) pf (behind/at, on the other side, beyond)

gjl cnjkjv yfl rhjdfnm. vt;le ljvfvb gthtl ljvjv hzljv c ybv pf cfljv / pf cnjkjv pf vjcnjv pf htrjq

-

under the table over the bed between the houses in front of the house near him/next to him behind the garden / at the table - on the other side of the bridge - beyond the river

Chapter 16

The following prepositions require the Instrumental case of the noun and indicate location or place:

Remember: the above prepositions (except yfl and gthtl) require the Accusative case when used after verbs of motion to indicate movement somewhere; e.g. t[fnm pá ujhjl - to go to the country (literally: ‘out of town’); ctcnm pf cnjk - to sit down at the table; t[fnm pf uhfybwe - to go abroad. Note: the preposition vt;le very occasionally requires the Genitive case (in idiomatic phrases and poetic speech); e.g. xbnfnm vt;le cnhjr - to read between the lines; vt;le lde[ juytq - between the devil and the deep blue sea (literally: ‘between two fires’) . The following common prepositional phrases with the Instrumental case may prove useful:

ïîä

gjl herjq gjl yjcjv gjl lj;l/v gjl ujhjq gjl eukjv gjl Vjcrdjq

íàä

yfl ujkjdjq yfl ehjdytv vjhz hf,jnfnm yfl xtv-nj cvtznmcz yfl rtv-nj/xtv-nj

ïåðåä

gthtl yfvb cnj¿n ,jkmifz ghj,ktvf

çà

pá ujhjljv pf uhfybwtq pf hek/v pf pfdnhfrjv pf eukjv

close at hand near by, right in front (of) in the rain at the bottom of the hill at an angle near Moscow overhead above sea level to work on something to laugh at someone/something a major problem faces us in the country abroad at the wheel (of a vehicle) at breakfast round the corner

Note: the preposition pf (+ instr) can indicate the following:

sequence jyb eikb jlby pf lheubv - they left one after another involvement in an activity ghjdjlbnm dtxth pf buhjq d rfhns - to spend an evening playing cards the pursuit of an object uyfnmcz pf djhjv - to chase a thief A new ab initio Russian course

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following children’s poem and identify all the phrases which use a preposition taking the Instrumental case. ULT JXRB$ (C& Vb[fkrjd) - Xnj cnhzckjcm e n/nb Dfkb$ - E yt/ jxrb ghjgfkb!

“What happend to Aunt Valya?” “Her spectacles have disappeared!

Botn ,tlyfz cnfheirf Pf gjleirjq^ gjl gjleirjq^ C ujkjdj. pfktpfkf Gjl vfnhfw^ gjl jltzkj^ Pfukzyekf d d/lhf^ d rhsyrb^ D ,jns^ d dfktyrb^ d ,jnbyrb^ Dc/ ddth[ lyjv gthtdthyekf^ Gjcbltkf^ jnlj[yekf^ Gjdpls[fkf^ gjdjhxfkf B gjikf bcrfnm cyfxfkf&

The poor little old lady is looking for them Behind the pillow, under the pillow, She went head first Under the mattress, under the blanket, She looked in buckets, in jugs, In overshoes, in felt boots, in leather boots, She turned everything upside down, Then sat down to rest, Sighing and grumbling, And then started looking again.

Cyjdf ifhbn gjl gjleirjq^ Cyjdf botn pf rfleirjq& Pfcdtnbkf d re[yt cdtxre^ Cj cdtxjq gjktpkf d gtxre^ J,scrfkf rkfljde. Dc/ yfghfcyj! Dc/ dgecne.!

Again she is feeling under the pillow, Again looking behind the barrel. She lit a candle in the kitchen, With the candle she looked in the stove, Looked around the store-room But all in vain! All to no avail!

Ytn jxrjd e n/nb Dfkb Jxtdblyj^ b[ erhfkb!

Aunt Valya has no glasses Apparently, they have been stolen!

Xnj jyb yf cfvjv ltkt E yt/ yf k,e cbltkb&

The little old lady sat on the chest. There was a mirror hanging nearby. And the old lady saw That she was looking for her spectacles in the wrong place, They were actually Sitting on her forehead.

Nfr djkit,yjt cntrkj N/nt Dfkt gjvjukj&

This was how the magic glass Helped Aunt Valya.”

Yf ceyler cnfheirf ctkf& Hzljv pthrfkj dbctkj& B cnfheirf edblfkf^ Xnj yt nfv jxrb bcrfkf^

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Group work. Split into two groups. Group A hides an object somewhere in the room (e.g. a pen under the book, behind the television set, under the desk etc.). Group B then tries to locate the object by asking questions using the appropriate preposition plus the Instrumental case. The groups then reverse roles. Each group may ask a maximum of six questions. The group which finds the hidden object with the least number of questions is the winner. 312

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

In English and Russian there are two types of conditional constructions. The first type describes a situation which may occur; e.g. tckb gjujlf áóäåò [jhjifz^ jy ïîéä¸ò uekznm - if the weather is fine he will go for a walk. Note that in English the verb in a conditional clause is normally used in the present tense (even when referring to the future), whereas in Russian it is always in the future tense. The second type describes a situation which is hypothetical; e.g. tckb ,s gjujlf áûëà [jhjifz^ jy ïîø¸ë áû uekznm - if the weather had been fine he would have gone for a walk. Statements of this type are in the conditional mood. They suggest that the opposite situation has occurred (i.e. the weather is not fine).

Chapter 16

THE FORMATION OF THE CONDITIONAL MOOD

A construction in the conditional mood comprises the following elements:

a) a conditional clause (åñëè áû + the past tense of the verb) b) a main clause (the past tense of the verb + the particle áû, which may follow or precede the verb.)

åñëè áû e vtyz ,sk ,bktn^ z ïîø¸ë áû yf rjywthn (or ..., z áû ïîø¸ë yf rjywthn) - if I had a ticket I would have gone to the concert. Note: the English phrase ‘if I were you ...’ is expressed in Russian by yf ndj/v/dfitv vtcnt &&& (literally: ‘in your place’): yf ndj/v/dfitv vtcnt z regbk ,s 'ne rybue - if I were you, I would buy this book

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following children’s poem and underline all the constructions used in the conditional mood. Åñëè áû äà êàáû (Ñ. Ìàðøàê) Rf,s htrb b jp/hf Ckbnm ,s d jpthj jlyj^ F [tckb ,s] bp dct[ lthtdmtd ,jhf Cltkfnm [,s] lthtdj jlyj^

If all the rivers and lakes Were made into one big lake, And all the trees of the forest Were made into one big tree,

Njgjhs ,s dct hfcgkfdbnm B jnkbnm jlby njgjh^ F bp dct[ k.ltq cjcnfdbnm Xtkjdtrf dsit ujh^

If all the woodmen’s axes were melted down Into one huge axe, And all the people were made into One person bigger than a mountain,

Rf,s^ dpzd njgjh vjuexbq^ Ýnjn uhjpysq dtkbrfy Ýnjn cndjk j,heibk c rhexb D ýnj vjht-jrtfy^

If the great axe were taken up By the giant person And the enormous tree were felled Into the ocean-like lake,

Nj-nj uhjvrbq ,sk ,s nhtcr^ Nj-nj ievysq ,sk ,s gktcr&

There would be a mighty crash, There would be a mighty splash.

Note: the words åñëè áû are sometimes omitted when more than one conditional construction is implied, as in lines 3 and 4, above& The particle áû is often reduced to á in colloquial Russian; e.g. z á gjt[fk d jngecr^ tckb á e vtyz ,skb ltymub - I would go on holiday, if I had the money. Êàáû is a colloquial equivalent of åñëè and is also used in folk poetry and sayings; e.g. tckb ,s lf rf,s - if ifs and ans were pots and pans.

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into English. 1. 2. 3.

Tckb ,s ns ghbt[fk hfymit^ vs yt jgjplfkb ,s yf rjywthn& Tckb ,s e vtyz ,skj vyjuj ltytu^ z regbkf ,s lfxe e vjhz& Tckb ,s vs pyfkb^ xnj ns ,eltim d Vjcrdt d fghtkt^ vs ,s yt pfrfpfkb ,bktns d jngecr yf ýnj dhtvz&

A new ab initio Russian course

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Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

4. 5. 6. 7.

Z ,s jxtym [jntk gjt[fnm d Cfyrn-Gtnth,ehu& <skj ,s [jhjij gjt[fnm d Kjyljy d ltrf,ht& Tckb ,s z pyfkf b[ flhtc! Tckb ,s z pyfkf^ xnj ns dtutnfhbfytw^ z ,s yt ghbujnjdbkf vzcj yf e;by& THE FORMATION OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The subjunctive in Russian is expressed by a construction consisting of a main clause and a subordinate clause with ÷òîáû + past tense of the verb: z [jxe^ ÷òîáû òû óø¸ë - I want you to leave& Remember: ÷òîáû is never used with the present or future tense. It frequently indicates a wish or desire for someone else to do (or not to do) something. Desirability or undesirability in a main clause can be expressed in various ways: a) by using verbs such as (çà-)õîòåòü, (to insist), ñêàçàòü, íàñòàèâàòü/íàñòîÿòü (to insist), ïðåäóïðåæäàòü/ïðåäóïðåäèòü (to warn), (ïî-)òðåáîâàòü (to demand), etc. jyf ñêàçàëà^ xnj,s z regbk [kt, - she told me to buy bread jy íàñòîÿë (yf njv)^ xnj,s z yt gkfnbk - he insisted that I did not pay z ïðåäóïðåäèëà tuj^ xnj,s jy yt jgfplsdfk - I warned him not to be late jy ïîòðåáîâàë^ xnj,s ghbytckb cx/n - he demanded that they bring the bill

b) by using other words such as ëó÷øå (it is better), ãëàâíîå (the main thing is), âàæíî (it is important), æåëàòåëüíî (it is desirable), çà òî (in favour of), ïðîòèâ òîãî (against), etc. ëó÷øå^ xnj,s jy ghbi/k d ldf xfcf - it would be better if he came at two o’clock ãëàâíîå^ xnj,s ns ,sk pljhjd - the main thing is that you are healthy âàæíî^ xnj,s jyf ghbybvfkf ktrfhcndj - it is important that she take her medicine íåæåëàòåëüíî^ xnj,s ds rehbkb - it is not desirable for you to smoke z çà òî^ xnj,s vs gjt[fkb yf vjht - I am in favour of our going to the sea jy ïðîòèâ njuj^ xnj,s ns gbcfk 'nj gbcmvj - he is against your writing this letter The construction ÷òîáû + past tense is also used to express the purpose of an action if the two clauses of the sentence have different subjects: z gjpdjy. vfvt^ xnj,s jyf ghbikf d gznm xfcjd - I will phone my mother, so that she comes at five o’clock

If the two clauses have the same subject, ÷òîáû is followed by an infinitive:

jyf gjikf yf gjxne^ xnj,s regbnm vfhrb - she went to the post office to buy stamps

Activity Twenty-Eight - Äâàäöàòü âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 314

I want you to help me to write this letter. She asked him to buy her a new car. He warned them not to smoke in the dining room. I told her to come at six o’clock. The doctor insisted that I take regular exercise and stop smoking. It is better that you go to Moscow now and not in three months. The main thing is that you do not worry about us. It is important that we arrive at the airport on time. My wife is in favour of our buying this house. The director is against his going to St. Petersburg. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 17

Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN - ÑÅÌÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ BON VOYAGE! - Ñ×ÀÑÒËÈÂÎÃÎ ÏÓÒÈ! In Chapter Seventeen you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to express the time of the day (a.m. / p.m.) to tell the time more precisely to understand train and plane timetables to request and give information about travel

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

reflexive verbs numerals in oblique cases unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion compound verbs of motion

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the dialogues and tick in the table below if the time of day mentioned in each case is a.m. or p.m. 1 2 3 4 5 6

a.m.

p.m.

Note: the 24-hour clock is often used in contexts such as rail and flight times, the radio, television, films etc.; e.g. 20 xfcjd = 8 p.m. If a specific time is mentioned, use the Genitive case of the day; e.g. 8 xfcjd enhf - 8 a.m., 8 xfcjd dtxthf - 8 p.m. In Russian the day is broken down as follows: 1, 2, 3 xfcf yóxb

1, 2, 3 o’clock at night

4 xfcf > 11xfcjd enhá

4 to 11 o’clock in the morning

12 xfcjd > 4 xfcf lyz

12 to 4 o’clock in the afternoon

5 xfcjd > 12 xfcjd déxthf

5 to 12 o’clock in the evening

Remember to use the forms enhjv^ ly/v^ dtxthjv^ yjxm. if a specific time is not mentioned. jnghfdkznmcz (I) / jnghfdbnmcz (jnghfdk.cm^ jnghfdbimcz) yf (+ acc)

316

to depart, leave, set off (for / to)

'ktrnhbxrf

local train

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

HFCGBCFYBT LDB:TYBZ GJTPLJD GJTPL

Vjcrdf C&-Gtnth,ehu Vjcrdf Rbtd Vjcrdf Hbuf Vjcrdf
gjy&

dn&

-

23. 00

ch&

xn&

-

12. 00

6. 00

ce,&

djcrh&

gkfnajhvf

-

5. 00

-

5. 00

-

9. 00

-

5

9. 00

-

-

-

24. 00

-

-

3

01. 00

-

15. 00

-

-

-

-

2

6. 00

gzny&

6. 00

1

Chapter 17

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the train timetable given below and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y). Where you have put Y write out the correct version in Russian. The first one is done for you.

Note: in Russian a full stop is used in the 24-hour clock.

1. On Mondays, Saturdays and Sundays the train to Petersburg departs at 6 p.m. (Ytn^ gj gjytltkmybrfv^ ce,,jnfv b djcrhtctymzv gjtpl yf Gtnth,ehu jnghfdkztncz d 6 xfcjd enhf&)

Y

2. On Wednesdays the train to Petersburg departs at 11 p.m. (__________________________________________________________) 3. On Tuesdays and Thursdays the train to Kiev departs at 5 a.m. (__________________________________________________________) 4. On Saturdays the train to Kiev departs at 9 p.m. (__________________________________________________________) 5. On Mondays the train to Riga departs at 9 a.m. (__________________________________________________________) 6. On Mondays the train to Berlin departs at 1 p.m. (__________________________________________________________) Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Take it in turns with your partner to make enquiries about train departure times and platforms on various days of the week. Refer to Activity Two for the necessary information, and use the model below as a guide. A - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rjulf jnghfdkztncz gjtpl yf Gtnth,ehu gj gjytltkmybrfv$ < - Jy jnghfdkztncz d 6 xfcjd enhf& A - F c rfrjq gkfnajhvs$ < - C gthdjq gkfnajhvs& gkfnajhvf

platform

A new ab initio Russian course

gjkyjxm (f)

midnight

gjkltym (m)

afternoon

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Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

REFLEXIVE VERBS You have already met reflexive verbs in Chapter Nine and Chapter Fifteen, in particular . You learned how to conjugate them and how to form the past tense. Some common verbs only have a reflexive form; e.g. yhfdbnmcz^ pljhjdfnmcz^ cvtznmcz^ eks,fnmcz& Many other verbs have reflexive and non-reflexive forms; e.g. jnghfdkznm/jnghfdkznmcz^ pfrhsdfnm/ pfrhsdfnmcz^ jnrhsdfnm/jnrhsdfnmcz^ etc. The particle -ñÿ changes a transitive verb (one which takes a direct object) into an intransitive verb (which does not take a direct object). Compare:

I opened the door (transitive) the door opened (intransitive)

z jnrhsk(f) ldthm ldthm jnrhskfcm

For more details on the uses of reflexive verbs see the Grammar section.

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the following text and fill in the gaps, choosing the appropriate form of a reflexive or non-reflexive verb from the box below. jnrhsdfnm/jnrhsdfnmcz pfrhsdfnm/pfrhsdfnmcz

yfxbyfnm/yfxbyfnmcz pfrfyxbdfnm/pfrfyxbdfnmcz

×òî êîãäà ðàáîòàåò â Ìîñêâå <jkmibycndj* vfufpbyjd d Vjcrdt d 8 bkb 9 xfcjd enhf b d 8 bkb 9 xfcjd d txthf& Ytrjnjhst vfufpbys yf j,tl c xfce lj lde[ xfcjd lyz& Rhegyst htcnjhfys j,sxyj yf j,tl c ldtyflwfnb lj xtnsh/[ xfcjd lyz b gjnjv lj ctvb xfcjd dtxthf& Jyb cyjdf cdjb ldthb d 7 xfcjd dtxthf b b[ d gjkyjxm& Gjxnf j,sxyj xfcjd dtxthf&

d 9 xfcjd enhf b

d 6 bkb 7

D rbyjntfnhf[ abkmvs gjrfpsdf.n d t cm l tym& Gthdsq c tfyc d 9 xfcjd enhf b d 12 xfcjd yjxb& Dtxthybt cgtrnfrkb d ntfnhf[ j,sxyj Vtnhj

d 19&30&

d 6 xfcjd enhf b

Djlbntkb fdnj,ecjd b nhjkktq,ecjd b hf,jxbq ltym d gjkyjxm&

d xfc yjxb& hf,jne d 6 xfcjd enhf

* The noun ,jkmibycndj is followed by a singular verb; e.g. ,jkmibycndj ,fyrjd jnrhsdftncz d 9&30 enhf - the majority of banks open at 9.30 a.m.

rhegysq ctfyc

318

large showing (of a film)

cgtrnfrkm (m) djlbntkm (m)

performance (in the theatre) driver S azov (Russian from Scratch )

To read the opening times in each advertisement you will need to know the Genitive case of numerals after the prepositions c (from) and lj (until). For all numerals ending in -ü simply remove the soft sign and replace it with -b; e.g. gznm xfcjd - c gznb xfcjd (from five o’clock), ldtyflwfnm xfcjd - lj ldtyflwfnb xfcjd (until twelve o’clock). The Genitive forms of jlby^ ldf^ nhb and xtnsht are as follows: jlyjuj^ lde[^ nh/[ and xtnsh/[. In the phrase ‘from one o’clock’ the numeral is usually omitted in colloquial Russian; e.g. c xáce& For more details on numerals in oblique cases see the Grammar section.

I.

WTYNH UJVTJGFNBXTCRJQ VTLBWBYS

II. "KTRNHJYBRF ABHVS SONY

Chapter 17

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the following newspaper cuttings which advertise various services and then answer in Russian the questions which accompany each advertisement. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

1& Xnj htrkfvbhetncz d ýnjv j,]zdktybb$ 2& D rfrjv ujhjlt yf[jlbncz wtynh$ 3& Rjulf jy jnrhsdftncz b pfrhsdftncz gj hf,jxbv lyzv$ 4& Rjulf jy jnrhsdftncz b pfrhsdftncz gj ce,,jnfv$

1& Rfrbt njdfhs htrkfvbhetn 'njn vfufpby$ 2& Ult jy hfcgjkj;ty$ 3& Rjulf jy jnrhsdftncz b pfrhsdftncz$ 4& Rjulf vfufpby pfrhsdftncz yf j,tl$ 5& Gj rfrbv lyzv jy hf,jnftn$

III. WTYNH FYUKBQCRJUJ ZPSRFòð 1& Xnj htrkfvbhetncz d 'njv

j,]zdktybb$ 2& Rfr vj;yj gjkexbnm byajhvfwb.$ 3& Gj rfrbv lyzv hf,jnftn 'njn wtynh$ 4& Rjulf jy jnrhsdftncz b pfrhsdftncz$ 5& Rjulf yfxbyftncz b pfrfyxbdftncz gththsd yf j,tl$

ujvtjgfnbxtcrbt ghtgfhfgns htrkfvbhjdfnm(cz) (III) (htrkfvbhe.(cm)^ htrkfvbhetim(cz)) j,]zdktybt njdfhs A new ab initio Russian course

homeopathic cures to (be) advertize(d) advertisement goods

'ktrnhjybrf abhvtyysq vfufpby ds[jlyjq; ds[jlyst gj rfrbv lyzv &&&$ gththsd yf j,tl c &&& gj (gznybwe)

electrical appliances shop (selling only one brand of goods) day off; weekend on which days …? lunch break from ... (through) to (Friday)

319

Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

How to tell the time more precisely 1. In the first half-hour after the full hour, the time is expressed in Russian as ‘five, ten, fifteen minutes’ etc. of the next hour; e.g. gznm vbyen dnjhjuj - five past one (literally: ‘five minutes of the second’). Note that the ordinal numeral in the Genitive case is used for the hour: jlyf vbyenf ldt vbyens gznm vbyen ltcznm vbyen gznyflwfnm vbyen/xtndthnm ldflwfnm vbyen ldflwfnm gznm (vbyen) gjkjdbyf

dnjhjuj

one two five ten fifteen/quarter past twenty twenty-five half

one

2. In the second half-hour after the full hour, the time is expressed as ‘without five, ten, fifteen minutes’ etc. one, two, three (o'clock) etc.; e.g. ,tp gznb ldf - five to two (literally, ‘without five minutes two’). Note that the cardinal numeral in the Nominative case is used for the hour: ,tp ldflwfnb gznb (vbyen) ,tp ldflwfnb (vbyen) ,tp gznyflwfnb/,tp xtndthnb ,tp ltcznb (vbyen) ,tp gznb (vbyen) ,tp lde[ vbyen ,tp jlyjq vbyens

ldf

twenty-five (minutes) to twenty (minutes) to quarter to ten (minutes) to five (minutes) to two minutes to one minute to

two

Note: a) in colloquial Russian gjkjdbyf is often replaced by gjk-; e.g. gjkdnjhjuj^ gjknhtnmtuj b) vbyen may be omitted in ldflwfnm gznm (vbyen) dnjhjuj; in other phrases vbyens/vbyen must be included; e.g. ldflwfnm xtnsht vbyens dnjhjuj; ltcznm vbyen dnjhjuj c) to answer the question rjulf &&&$ simply add d at the beginning of the phrase which indicates the time between the hour and half hour; e.g. d ltcznm vbyen dnjhjuj - at ten past one. Do not forget to use gjkjdbyf in the Prepositional case; e.g. d gjkjdbyt dnjhjuj - at half past one (but d gjkdnjhjuj!)& The phrases which indicate the time after the half hour do not require d; e.g. ,tp ltcznb ldf - at ten to two.

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking/Listening Pairwork. Read the Russian TV guide below and listen to the TV presenter reading the guide using the 24 hour clock. Ask your partner when various programmes start and finish using the 12 hour clock. Take it in turns to ask questions, using the model below as a guide. GHJUHFVVF RFYFKF ND6 VJCRDF

- Rjulf yfxbyftncz gthtlfxf «Itcnm yjdjcntq»? - Jyf yfxbyftncz d ctvm xfcjd enhf& - F rjulf jyf rjyxftncz$ - Jyf rjyxftncz d ltcznm vbyen djcmvjuj&

320

ÒÂ 6

Ìîñêâà

7.00 «Øåñòü íîâîñòåé» 7.10 ÄÈÑÊ-êàíàë 7.40 Ìóëüòôèëüì «äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ» 8.10 Äîðîæíûé ïàòðóëü 8.20 «Ðåöåïòû îò ÖÅÏÒÅл 8.25 Òåëåìàãàçèí «Ñïà ñèáî çà ïîêóïêó!» 8.45 Àïòåêà 9.00 «Øåñòü íîâîñòåé» 9.10 Òåëåêîíêðåòíî 9.20 Òåëåìàãàçèí «Ñïàñèáî çà ïîêóïêó!»

17.35 ÄÈÑÊ-êàíàë 17.55 Òåëåìàãàçèí «Ñïàñèáî çà ïîêóïêó!» 18.10 Àïòåêà 18.20 Äîðîæíûé ïàòðóëü 18.35 «×àñòíûé ñëó÷àé» 18.50 Ñåðèàë «ÃÐÅÉÑ Â ÎÃÍÅ II», 9-ÿ -10-ÿ ñåðèè 19.55 «Øåñòü íîãâîñòåé» 20.05 Òîê-øîó «Ïðîôåññèÿ: ãàçîâèê» 21.00 «Øåñòü íîâîñòåé» 21.15 Êèíîòåàòð Ò 6

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You have already met two of these verbs in Chapter Three: blnb (to go on foot) and t[fnm (to go by transport). There are twelve more verbs which express different types of motion (therefore fourteen in all); e.g. ,t;fnm (to run), ktntnm (to fly), gksnm (to swim, float) etc. You will find the full list of verbs of motion in the Grammar section.

Each of the fourteen types of motion is actually represented in Russian by two imperfective verbs, making fourteen pairs in all; e.g. ‘to go on foot’ is expressed by the pair blnb/[jlbnm and ‘to go by transport’ is expressed by the pair t[fnm/tplbnm& In each pair the first verb expresses movement in one direction only and is called a unidirectional verb. The second verb expresses movement in more than one direction and is called a multidirectional verb.

Chapter 17

Verbs of motion

Multidirectional verbs are used to express the following types of action: 1. action in various directions (backwards and forwards, up and down, to and fro, round and round, and so on); e.g. vs [jlbv gj gfhre - we walk around the park 2. action performed more than once; e.g. vs [jlbv d gfhr rf;lsq ltym - we go to the park every day; e.g. z jxtym htlrj [j;e d ntfnh - I hardly ever go to the theatre 3. action in general and the capacity to perform it; e.g. ht,/yjr e;t [jlbn - the child can already walk . z [j;å vs [ólbv ns [ólbim ds [ólbnt jy/jyf/jyj [ólbn jyb [ólzn z üp;e ns üplbim jy/jyf/jyj üplbn

vs üplbv ds üplbnt jyb üplzn

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the dialogue below and fill in the gaps choosing the unidirectional verb t[fnm or the multidirectional verb tplbnm. Use them in the appropriate form. Listen to the tape to check your answers.

1-ûé 2-ûé 1-ûé 2-ûé 1-ûé 2-ûé 1-ûé 2-ûé 1-ûé 2-ûé 1-ûé

ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð ïàññàæèð

Lj,hsq ltym& Plhfdcndeqnt& Vs c dfvb cjctlb gj regt& Lf^ yfv ,eltn dtctktt _______________& F ds relf _______________$ Z _______________ d Vjcrde^ ds nj;t$ Ytn^ z _______________ d Vbycr& Pyfxbn^ vs ,eltv _______________ dvtcnt njkmrj xtnsht xfcf& Ds xfcnj _______________ d Vjcrde$ Lf^ z _______________ d Vjcrde gznm-itcnm hfp d ujl& Nfr xfcnj$ Ds^ yfdthyjt^ _______________ gj ltkfv$ Lf^ z _______________ d rjvfylbhjdrb& F ds ;bd/nt d Vbycrt bkb nj;t _______________ d rjvfylbhjdre$ 2-ûé ïàññàæèð - Z nj;t ______________ d rjvfylbhjdre& J,sxyj z ______________ d Vjcrde^ yj d 'njv ujle yfif abhvf jnrhskf abkbfk d Vbycrt& Levf.^ xnj ntgthm vyt ye;yj ,eltn xfcnj ____________ d Vbycr& 1-ûé ïàññàæèð - Cnhfyyj^ xnj d yfitv regt ______________ njkmrj ldf xtkjdtrf& Hfymit nhelyj ,skj regbnm ,bktn yf 'njn gjtpl^ f ntgthm ,bktns tcnm dctulf& 2-ûé ïàññàæèð - Lf^ ntgthm k.lb _______________ vfkj^ ,bktns jxtym ljhjubt& cjctlb gj regt (n indeclinable) yfv ,eltn dtctktt

-

people who share a compartment (in a railway carriage) that will be nicer for us

A new ab initio Russian course

gj ltkfv rjvfylbhjdrf abkbfk

on business business trip branch

321

Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Listening/Speaking Listen to the dialogues and tick the boxes which show the usual way of going to work and the actual method used today. In each case indicate the time taken for the journey. Then reconstruct the dialogues with your partner using the information from the table and the appropriate forms of the verbs chosen. lbfkju 1 2

blnb - [jlbnm j,sxyj ctujlyz

dhtvz

t[fnm - tplbnm j,sxyj ctujlyz

dhtvz

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Look at the train timetable below and then answer the questions in Russian. HFCGBCFYBT LDB:TYBZ GJTPLJD yfghfdktybt

¹ gjtplf

Vjcrdf - CfyrnGtnth,ehu Vjcrdf - Rbtd Vjcrdf - Dbkmy.c Vjcrdf - Dfhifdf

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

dhtvz ghb,snbz 8& 30

lyb ytltkb

651

dhtvz jnghfdktybz 24& 00

303 526 260

12& 45 23& 30 9& 00

11& 25 7& 40 24& 00

gjy&^ ch&^ xn& t;tlytdyj dn&^ gzny&^ ce,&

t;tlytdyj

Rfr xfcnj [jlbn* 651-sq gjtpl$ Relf jy [jlbn$ Rjulf jy jnghfdkztncz b ghb,sdftn$ Relf [jlbn 303-bq gjtpl$ Gj rfrbv lyzv jy [jlbn$ Rjulf jy jnghfdkztncz b ghb,sdftn$ Gj rfrbv lyzv [jlbn gjtpl yf Dbkmy.c$ Rfrjq e ytuj yjvth$ Rjulf jy jnghfdkztncz b ghb,sdftn$ {jlbn kb gjtpl yf Dfhifde gj chtlfv$ Rfrjq e ytuj yjvth$ Rjulf jy jnghfdkztncz b ghb,sdftn$

* While the movement of people on vehicles is expressed by t[fnm - tplbnm^ the movement of the vehicles themselves (trains, buses, trams, trolleybuses and cars) is normally expressed by blnb - [jlbnm&

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following Aeroflot advertisement and answer the questions given below in English. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you. crjkmrj dhtvtyb pfybvftn ljhjuf yf vfibyt / gtirjv$ xeltcysq yfghfdktybt dhtvz jnghfdktybz

322

how long does it take by car / on foot? wonderful destination departure time

dhtvz ghb,snbz Dbkmy.c Dfhifdf

arrival time Vilnius (capital of Lithuania) Warsaw

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 17

ÍÀ×ÀË ÏÎËÅÒÛ ÂÍÓÒÐÈ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ. ÍÀÄÅÆÍÎÅ ÂÎÇÄÓØÍÎÅ ÑÎÎÁÙÅÍÈÅ ÑÂßÇÀËÎ ÌÎÑÊÂÓ È ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÈÅ ÃÎÐÎÄÀ: ÍÎÂÎÑÈÁÈÐÑÊ, ÕÀÁÀÐÎÂÑÊ, ÑÀÍÊÒ-ÏÅÒÅÐÁÓÐà Íàïðàâëåíèå

Äíè âûëåòà èç Ìîñêâû

¹ ðåéñà

Âûëåò

Ïðèëåò (ìåñòíîå âðåìÿ)

Äíè âûëåòà â Ìîñêâó

¹ ðåéñà

Âûëåò

Ïðèëåò

Ñòîèìîñòü â USD

SU 721

08.15

15.30

âò.,÷ò.,ñóá

SU 722

17.10

18.30

îò 186 äî 340

âò.,÷ò.,âîñêð. SU 723

21.30

12.15+1

ïí.,ñð.,ïÿòí. SU 724

15.15

16.30

îò 534 äî 762

20.15

21.35 åæåäíåâíî ñ 15 èþíÿ

22.25

23.40

îò 89 äî 127

ÍÎÂÎÑÈÁÈÐÑÊ âò.,÷ò.,ñóá. ÕÀÁÀÐÎÂÑÊ

Ñ.-ÏÅÒÅÐÁÓÐÃ âò.,÷ò.,ñóá. âîñêð. ñ 15 èþíÿ

SU 731

SU 732

Ðåéñû âûïîëíÿþòñÿ èç àýðîïîðòà Øåðåìåòüåâî-1 íà ñîâðåìåííûõ àâèàëàéíåðàõ ñ îáñëóæèâàíèåì ïî ïåðâîìó, -áèçíåñ è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîìó êëàññàì. Ïðåäóñìîòðåíû óäîáíûå ñòûêîâêè ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíûìè ðåéñàìè â ñòðàíû Áàëòèè. Èíôîðìàöèÿ:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

â Ìîñêâå ïî òåë.: (095) 155-50-45 è 926-62-78 â Íîâîñèáèðñêå ïî òåë.: (383-2) 22-77-90 â Õàáàðîâñêå ïî òåë.: (421-2) 24-62-89 à òàêæå â êàññàõ Àýðîôëîòà èëè â òóðàãåíòñòâàõ.

What new destinations are advertized? Which of these is served by flight number SU 721? On what days does this flight leave? What is the flight number of the plane to St. Petersburg? At what time does this flight arrive in St. Petersburg? How often are there flights to Khabarovsk? At what time does this flight leave Moscow? From which of Moscow’s airports do all the flights depart? What classes of seat are available on these flights? Are there convenient connections with other flights? What connecting destinations are mentioned in the advertisement? Can you name any other sources of information about available flights?

gjk/n dyenhb (+ gen) djpleiyjt cjj,otybt dsktn ghbk/n dsgjkyznm(-cz) (I) / dsgjkybnm(-cz) (II) fdbfkfqyth A new ab initio Russian course

flight inside air communications departure (flying) arrival (flying) to carry out, be carried out passenger aircraft

j,cke;bdfybt gthdsq/,bpytc-/ × 'rjyjvbxtcrbq rkfcc ghtlecvjnhtys (pl) cnsrjdrf d njv xbckt cnhfys
service first/business/economy class are provided for connection including the Baltic States travel agency

323

Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Look at the advertisement from Activity Ten again and answer the following questions in Russian. 1& 2& 3& 4&

Relf ktnf.n yjdst htqcs Fýhjakjnf$ Gj rfrbv lyzv ktnftn cfvjk/n d Yjdjcb,bhcr$ Tckb ctujlyz djcrhtctymt^ nj relf ctujlyz ktnbn* cfvjk/n$ Tckb ctujlyz dnjhybr^ nj relf ctujlyz ktnzn htqcs Su 721 b Su 731?

* You have already met the multidirectional verb ktnfnm (to fly) in Chapter Four. Its unidirectional pair is ktntnm& The conjugation of this verb is as follows: z ktxå ns ktn¿im jy/jyf/jyj ktn¿n

vs ktn¿v ds ktn¿nt jyb ktn§n

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the dialogue below and fill in the gaps choosing the appropriate form of either the unidirectional verb ktntnm or the multidirectional verb ktnfnm& Listen to the tape to check your answers. Ðàçãîâîð â çàëå âûëåòà

F - Ghjcnbnt^ ds yt vjukb ,s ghbcvjnhtnm pf vjbvb dtofvb$ Z njkmrj regk. ufptne b dthyecm& < - Lf^ rjytxyj& F - Cgfcb,j dfv ,jkmijt& < - Yt pf xnj& F - Ye^ djn z b dthyekfcm& Ntgthm tcnm^ xnj gjxbnfnm lj dsktnf& < - F ds relf ____________________$ F - Z ____________________ d Cjxb& F ds$ < - Z ____________________ d Gtnth,ehu^ yj nj;t [jntk ,s ____________________ d Cjxb^ yf vjht& Nfv ctqxfc nfr [jhjij! F - Lf^ gjujlf nfv ctqxfc jxtym ;fhrfz& Z j,sxyj ____________________ nelf d ctynz,ht^ yj d 'njv ujle jngecr e vtyz d b.kt& F ds ____________________ d Gtnth,ehu d rjvfylbhjdre$ < - Lf^ d rjvfylbhjdre& Vjq jngecr e;t rjyxbkcz& F - F ult ds jnls[fkb$ < - Vs c ;tyjq ____________________ r lhepmzv d Bcgfyb.& F - D Bcgfyb.$ F d rfrjv ujhjlt ds ,skb$ < - Vs ____________________ d Vflhbl& F - Xeltcysq ujhjl! Z nj;t d ghjikjv ujle ,skf d Vflhblt^ ___________________ yf rjyathtywb.& < - Ghjcnbnt^ rf;tncz^ j,]zdkz.n gjcflre yf vjq htqc& F - Lj cdblfybz^ cxfcnkbdjuj genb! < - Dfv nfr;t& pfk dsktnf ghbcvfnhbdfnm (I) / ghbcvjnhtnm (II) pf dtofvb djpdhfofnmcz (I) / dthyenmcz (dthyecm^ dthy/imcz) yt pf xnj

324

departure lounge to keep an eye on belongings to return you’re welcome

ntgthm tcnm^ now I have xnj gjxbnfnm something to read jngecr holiday, leave vs c ;tyjq my wife and I j,]zdkznm (I) / j,]zdbnm (II) to announce gjcflrf boarding S azov (Russian from Scratch )

You will need to know how to say in Russian ‘to depart’ and ‘to arrive’ when flying. Add the prefixes âû(to indicate departure) or ïðè- (to indicate arrival) to the appropriate verb ktntnm or ktnfnm& The newly formed verbs dsktnánm - dÏktntnm^ ghbktnánm - ghbktnünm are called compound verbs of motion. For more details see the Grammar section.

Chapter 17

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the role of A and your partner plays the role of B, then reverse the roles. Use the information given in Activity Ten.

At the information desk - Â îòäåëå èíôîðìàöèè

A 1. Say good afternoon. Ask on what days the plane flies to Khabarovsk. Ask at what time it departs from Moscow. Ask at what time it arrives in Khabarovsk. Ask the flight number.

B Give an appropriate reply. " " " "

A 2. Say good morning. Ask on what days there is a plane to St. Petersburg. Ask at what time it departs from Moscow. Ask at what time it arrives in St. Petersburg. Ask for the flight number.

B Give an appropriate reply. " " " "

The perfective forms of unidirectional verbs The perfective infinitives of unidirectional verbs are formed with the prefix ïî-; e.g. blnb/gjqnb (to go), t[fnm/gjt[fnm (to travel), ktntnm/gjktntnm (to fly) etc. Perfective forms either stress setting off or recent depature and possible arrival:

jy gjtltn d Vjcrde xthtp nhb lyz - he will be setting off for Moscow in three days jyf gjikf d vfufpby - she has gone to the shop jyb gjktntkb yf rjyathtywb. - they have gone to the conference

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Look at the tickets below and answer the following questions in Russian. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you.

1& Rfrjuj xbckf vj;yj gjqnb d wbhr$ 2& Crjkmrj cnjbn rf;lsq ,bktn$ 3& Rfrjt vtcnj b hzl erfpfys d ,bktnf[$ 4& Rfrjuj xbckf vj;yj gjqnb dj Ldjhtw cgjhnf$

A new ab initio Russian course

325

Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the information on the train ticket and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y). Where you have written Y, write out the correct version in Russian. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

1. C 'nbv ,bktnjv vj;yj gjt[fnm d Ctdfcnjgjkm (_________________________________________________________) 2. Gjtpl jnghfdkztncz d 7& 55 enhf& (_________________________________________________________) 3. Gjtpl jnghfdkztncz ldflwfnm nhtnmtuj b.yz& (_________________________________________________________) 4. Ýnj gjtpl yjvth ctvm& (_________________________________________________________) 5. Yjvth dfujyf - ldf& (_________________________________________________________) 6.
The perfective infinitives of multidirectional verbs are also formed with the prefix ïî-, i.e. [jlbnm/ gj[jlbnm (to walk), tplbnm/gjtplbnm (to travel), ktnfnm/gjktnfnm (to fly) etc. These perfective forms express an action of short duration: jy gj[jlbk gj rjvyfnt b ctk - he walked around the room for a while and then sat down vs cyfxfkf gjtplbkb yf dtkjcbgtlt^ f gjnjv gjikb d rbyj - first we rode a bike for a bit and then we went to the cinema ldjhtw cgjhnf ujcelfhcndtyysq wbhr nhb,eyf dfujy

326

sports centre state circus stand (at sports events) carriage

vtcnj hzl erfpfys ctrnjh Ctdfcnjgjkm

seat row are indicated section Sebastopol S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 17

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the pictures below. Complete the sentences beneath each picture choosing the appropriate form of either [jlbnm/gj[jlbnm or tplbnm/gjtplbnm&

Jy ljkuj _______________ gj gfhre&

Jy ytvyjuj _______________ gj gfhre b ei/k ljvjq&

Vs ytvyjuj _______________ yf yjdjq vfibyt b gjcnfdbkb t/ d uhf;&

Vs e;t lfdyj yt _______________ yf vfibyt^ jyf ckjvfkfcm&

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Listen to the tape twice and fill in the missing verbs of motion which are given in the infinitive form in the box below. Then analyse the sentences and justify the choice of the verbs. t[fnm tplbnm

gjt[fnm ghbt[fnm

dsqnb gj[jlbnm

Êàê ÿ åõàë â àýðîïîðò

dsktntnm dsktnfnm

D ghjikjv ujle z ________________ d jngecr d ctynz,ht& D Vjcrdt gjujlf ,skf lj;lkbdfz b [jkjlyfz^ gjýnjve z htibkf ________________ yf .u^ yf X/hyjt vjht& Vjq cfvjk/n __________________ d 9 xfcjd enhf& Vyt ye;yj ,skj __________________ d fýhjgjhn pf ldf xfcf lj dsktnf^ d 7 xfcjd enhf& Z htibkf __________________ d fýhjgjhn fdnj,ecjv& Fdnj,ec bl/n lj fýhjgjhnf 2 xfcf^ gjýnjve z __________________ bp ljvf d 5 xfcjd& Z ljkuj [jlbkf gj jcnfyjdrt b ;lfkf fdnj,ec & Tuj dc/ yt ,skj^ b z htibkf _________________ yf nfrcb& Yj cdj,jlys[ nfrcb nj;t ljkuj yt ,skj& Z jxtym ythdybxfkf^ dtlm z jgfplsdfkf yf cfvjk/n& Yfrjytw vyt elfkjcm gjqvfnm nfrcb& Z jxtym ghjcbkf nfrcbcnf __________________ rfr vj;yj ,scnhtt& Z ________________ d fýhjgjhn pf 30 vbyen lj dsktnf^ yj dc/-nfrb ecgtkf yf cfvjk/n! Jy __________________ djdhtvz^ hjdyj d 9 xfcjd enhf& (c-)kjvfnmcz (I) pf ldf xfcf lj (+ gen) (gjlj-);lfnm (;le^ ;l/im) ythdybxfnm (I) (imp) jgfplsdfnm (I) / jgjplfnm (I) yf (+ acc) vyt elfkjcm A new ab initio Russian course

to break down two hours before to wait to be anxious to be late for I managed

kjdbnm (kjdk.^ kjdbim) / gjqvfnm (I) (gj-)ghjcbnm (ghjie^ ghjcbim) rfr vj;yj ,scnhtt dc/-nfrb ecgtdfnm (I) / ecgtnm (ecgt.^ ecgttim) yf (+ acc)

to catch to ask as fast as possible all the same, still to manage to catch

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Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Compound verbs of motion You have already met some of the compound verbs of motion in Activity Thirteen and Activity Seventeen. They are formed by adding a prefix to a simple verb of motion, which then acquires a new meaning; e.g. t[fnm (to go by car, bus, train etc.) - ghbt[fnm (to arrive), dÏt[fnm (to depart). A perfective verb with a new meaning is formed by using the unidirectional verb with a prefix; e.g. ghbt[fnm (pf) ghbtp;fnm (imp). An imperfective verb with the same new meaning is formed by using the multidirectional verb with the same prefix. Compounds with similar new meanings can be formed from all simple verbs of motion by adding a prefix; e.g. ktntnm (to fly) - ghbktntnm (to arrive by plane), dÏktntnm (to depart be plane).

The most common prefixes used with verbs of motion are given below in combination with blnb [jlbnm& For the full list of prefixes refer to the Grammar section. imperfective d[jlbnm e[jlbnm

perfective djqnb eqnb

ds[jlbnm lj[jlbnm pf[jlbnm

dsqnb ljqnb pfqnb

gtht[jlbnm

gthtqnb

ghb[jlbnm

ghbqnb

preposition d (+ acc) jn (+ gen) bp/c (+ gen) bp (+ gen) lj (+ gen) d/yf (+ acc) r (+ dat) xthtp (+ acc) - (+ acc) d/yf (+ acc) r (+ dat)

meaning to enter to leave (a person) to leave (a place) to go out of, to depart to go as far as, to reach to call in at a place to call on someone to cross to come, to arrive to come to see a person

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following extract from a children’s poem and work out the meaning of each compound verb of motion used in it. Complete the partial translation of the poem. Lheu (ß. Àêèì) Lheu et[fk lfktrj& Vyt ,tp lheuf ytkturj& Ltym ghji/k& Gjnjv ytltkz& Nhb ytltkb ghjktntkb& Ktnjv - lj;lm& Pbvj. - dm.uf& Jxtym crexyj vyt ,tp lheuf&

My friend _______________ far away. It is hard to be without a friend. One day has _______________. Then one week. Three weeks have _______________. It rains in summer. There are snowstorms in winter. I have really missed my friend.

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing/Reading Listen to the dialogue (‘At the metro station’) and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription below. Read the completed transcription in pairs. Íà ñòàíöèè ìåòðî

1-sq gfccf;bh - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rfr vyt ______________ lj cnfywbb Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn$ 2-jq gfccf;bh - Nfr^ vs c dfvb ctqxfc yf cnfywbb Fdnjdj& Pyfxbn^ dfv pbvj. = pbvjq

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in the winter

dm.uf

snowstorm S azov (Russian from Scratch )

2-jq gfccf;bh -

1-sq gfccf;bh 2-jq gfccf;bh -

Chapter 17

1-sq gfccf;bh -

ye;yj ______________ nhb jcnfyjdrb b ______________ yf cnfywbb Nt[yjkjubxtcrbq bycnbnen& Nfr^ [jhjij^ f gjnjv vyt^ yfdthyjt^ ye;yj ,eltn cltkfnm gthtcflre$ Lf^ dfv ye;yj ,eltn ______________ yf lheue. kbyb.^ jyf cbytuj wdtnf yf c[tvt vtnhj^ b gthtctcnm yf lheujq gjtpl& Gjnjv dfv ye;yj ,eltn ______________ dctuj jlye jcnfyjdre b ______________ yf cktle.otq cnfywbb& Ýnj b ,eltn Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn& <jkmijt cgfcb,j& Yt pf xnj&

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the tape again and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y). Where you have put Y write out the correct version in Russian. 1. The first passenger would like to go to the metro station Avtovo. (___________________________________________________________) 2. She should go 4 stops and then change lines. (___________________________________________________________) 3. She should get off at the metro station Institute of Technology. (___________________________________________________________) 4. There she should change lines and take another train. (___________________________________________________________) 5. She should travel three more stops. (___________________________________________________________) Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. Look at the St. Petersburg underground map on the following page. Then act out the dialogue from Activity Nineteen using the starting point and information given below. You should change roles each time. 1. You are at Kupchino station and would like to go to Obukhovo station.

4. You are at Devyatkino station and would like to go to Alexander Nevsky Square.

2. You are at Obukhovo station and would like to go to Sadovaya.

5. You are at Alexander Nevsky square station and would like to go to Pushkinskaya.

3. You are at Sadovaya station and would like to go to Devyatkino.

6. You are at Pushkinskaya station and would like to go to Obukhovo.

jcnfyjdrf yfdthyjt (c-)ltkfnm (I) gthtcflre kbybz

stop probably to change (trains, buses etc.) line

A new ab initio Russian course

c[tvf vtnhj gthtcf;bdfnmcz (I) / gthtctcnm (gthtczle^ gthtczltim) yf (+ acc)

map of the metro to change (trains, buses etc.)

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Activity Twenty-Two - Ldflwfnm dnjhjt pflfybt Reading Work out the meaning of the following words which can often be seen at underground stations, public buildings and in car parks. Indicate with arrows all the boxes relevant to each word.

d[jl ds[jl gtht[jl d]tpl dstpl

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EXIT FROM CAR PARK

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

ENTRANCE TO CAR PARK

ENTRANCE TO MUSEUM

CROSSING BETWEEN UNDERGROUND LINES EXIT FROM CINEMA ENTRANCE TO UNDERGROUND ENTRANCE FOR DELIVERY VEHICLES

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

REFLEXIVE VERBS

Reflexive verbs are used as follows: 1. ‘Real’ reflexives express an action which the subject performs on itself. This group contains:

Chapter 17

GRAMMAR

a) a number of verbs which relate to personal grooming. The following list of common reflexive verbs may prove useful: ,hbnmcz/gj,hbnmcz rhfcbnmcz/yfrhfcbnmcz regfnmcz/ds-, bcregfnmcz vsnmcz/gj-^ dsvsnmcz j,edfnmcz/j,enmcz jltdfnmcz/jltnmcz gthtjltdfnmcz/gthtjltnmcz ghbx/csdfnmcz/ghbxtcfnmcz ghjcsgfnmcz/ghjcyenmcz gelhbnmcz/yf-^ gjgelhbnmcz hfpltdfnmcz/hfpltnmcz hfpedfnmcz/hfpenmcz evsdfnmcz/evsnmcz

to shave (oneself) to make up one’s face to bathe (oneself) to wash (oneself) to put on one’s shoes to dress (oneself) to change (one’s clothes) to brush one’s hair to wake up to powder one’s face to get undressed, to take off one’s hat and coat to take off one’s shoes to wash one’s hands and face

b) other common ‘real’ reflexives include the following: pfobofnmcz/pfobnbnmcz gjlybvfnmcz/gjlyznmcz ghznfnmcz/cghznfnmcz cgecrfnmcz/cgecnbnmcz ecf;bdfnmcz/ectcnmcz

to defend oneself to ascend to hide (oneself) to descend to settle down

c) a number of ‘real’ reflexives are reflexive only in the imperfective: kj;bnmcz/ktxm gthtcf;bdfnmcz/gthtctcnm cflbnmcz/ctcnm cnfyjdbnmcz/cnfnm

to lie down to change trains etc. to sit down to (go and) stand, to become

Note: there is no reflexive verb in Russian to express ‘to behave oneself’. The following phrase is used instead: âåñòè ñåáÿ; e.g. jy gkj[j ct,z dtl/n - he behaves badly.

2. Reciprocal reflexives express reciprocal or joint action: dbltnmcz/edbltnmcz dcnhtxfnmcz/dcnhtnbnmcz ltkbnmcz/gjltkbnmcz ljujdfhbdfnmcz/ljujdjhbnmcz lhfnmcz/gjlhfnmcz pljhjdfnmcz/gjpljhjdfnmcz pyfrjvbnmcz/gjpyfrjvbnmcz vbhbnmcz/gjvbhbnmcz j,ybvfnmcz/j,yznmcz ghjofnmcz/ghjcnbnmcz cjdtnjdfnmcz/gjcjdtnjdfnmcz ccjhbnmcz/gjccjhbnmcz wtkjdfnmcz/gjwtkjdfnmcz A new ab initio Russian course

to see (each other) to meet (each other) to share to agree to fight (each other) to say hello to get acquainted (with each other) to make it up to embrace (each other) to say goodbye to take advice to quarrel to kiss (each other)

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Note: reflexive verbs of motion with the prefixes ðàç- and c- also express joint action; e.g. hfc[jlbnmcz/hfpjqnbcm (to disperse), c[jlbnmcz/cjqnbcm (to gather).

3. Reflexive verbs with a passive meaning. Many ordinary imperfective transitive verbs acquire passive meaning when -cz is added to them. There is usually a third-person object in the sentence; e.g. ghjlfdfnm% vs ghjlf/v rybub - we sell books; ghjlfdfnmcz% rybub ghjlf.ncz l/itdj - the books are sold cheaply. ujdjhbnm - ujdjhbnmcz% ltkfnm - ltkfnmcz% bcgjkyznm - bcgjkyznmcz%

'nj yt ãîâîðèòñÿ dcke[ - such things are not said aloud rfr 'nj äåëàåòñÿ$ - how is that done? 'nf cbvajybz èñïîëíÿåòñÿ dgthdst - this symphony is being performed for the first time

A number of reflexive passive verbs are used to express prohibition:

djcghtofnm - djcghtofnmcz% rehbnm âîñïðåùàåòñÿ - no smoking (literally: smoking is prohibited) ljgecrfnm - ljgecrfnmcz% ltnb lj 16 ktn yt äîïóñêàþòñÿ - children under 16 are not admitted

Note: only imperfective verbs function as reflexive passives.

4. Intransitive reflexives. A reflexive particle can transform a transitive verb into an intransitive verb. While English uses many verbs both transitively and intransitively (e.g. he stopped the clock / the clock stopped), Russian always distinguishes transitive from intransitive by adding a reflexive particle to a transitive verb ( jy îñòàíîâèë xfcs / xfcs îñòàíîâèëèñü). transitive yfxbyfnm/yfxfnm rjyxfnm/rjyxbnm ghjljk;fnm/ghjljk;bnm jnrhsdfnm/jnrhsnm pfrhsdfnm/pfrhsnm kjvfnm/ckjvfnm

intransitive yfxbyfnmcz/yfxfnmcz rjyxfnmcz/rjyxbnmcz ghjljk;fnmcz/ghjljk;bnmcz jnrhsdfnmcz/jnrhsnmcz pfrhsdfnmcz/pfrhsnmcz kjvfnmcz/ckjvfnmcz

English to begin, to start to finish, to stop to continue to open to close to break

5. Reflexive verbs which express feelings: a) some of them only have a reflexive form: ,jznmcz (+ gen) ujhlbnmcz (+ instr) yfltznmcz yf (+ acc) yfckf;lfnmcz (+ instr) yhfdbnmcz/gjyhfdbnmcz (+ dat) hfcgkfrfnmcz (pf only) hfccvtznmcz (pf only) cvtznmcz/pfcvtznmcz yfl (+ instr) cjvytdfnmcz/ecjvybnmcz d (+ prep) eks,fnmcz/eks,yenmcz (+ dat)

to fear to be proud of to hope for, rely on to enjoy to please to burst into tears to burst out laughing to laugh at to express doubt about to smile at

b) some of them have both reflexive and non-reflexive forms: ,tcgjrjbnm(cz)/gj,tcgjrjbnm(cz) dtctkbnm(cz)/gjdtctkbnm(cz) djkyjdfnm(cz)/dpdjkyjdfnm(cz) 332

to worry, (reflexive) to be worried to amuse, (reflexive) to enjoy oneself to excite, (reflexive) to get excited S azov (Russian from Scratch )

to delight, (reflexive) to be delighted (with) to acknowledge, (reflexive) to confess to to frighten, (reflexive) to be frightened (of) to gladden, (reflexive) to rejoice (at) to upset, (reflexive) to get upset to anger, (reflexive) to get angry (at) to surprise, (reflexive) to be surprised (at) to frown, to knit one’s brow

6. Reflexive verbs that express the potential to perform some action (usually harmful): recfnmcz (cj,frb recf.ncz) wfhfgnmcz (rjirb wfhfgf.ncz)

Chapter 17

djc[bofnm(cz)/djc[bnbnm(cz) (+ instr) ghbpyfdfnm(cz)/ghbpyfnm(cz) d (+ prep) geufnm(cz)/bcgeufnm(cz) (+ gen) hfljdfnm(cz)/j,hfljdfnm(cz) (+ dat) hfccnhfbdfnm(cz)/hfccnhjbnm(cz) cthlbnm(cz)/hfccthlbnm(cz) yf (+ acc) elbdkznm(cz)/elbdbnm(cz) (+ dat) [vehbnm(cz)/yf[vehbnm(cz)

to bite (dogs bite) to scratch (cats scratch)

7. A number of reflexive verbs express ‘out and out’ completion of an action. These verbs usually have the prefixes ds-^ lj- or yf-: dscsgfnmcz/dscgfnmcz ljlevsdfnmcz/ljlevfnmcz yftlfnmcz/yftcnmcz yfgbdfnmcz/yfgbnmcz

to have a good sleep to hit on an idea to eat one’s fill to slake one’s thirst; get drunk

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following rules printed on the back of a theatre ticket. Underline all the reflexive verbs that you can find. Translate the rules into English using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5&

D[jl d phbntkmysq pfk gjckt nhtnmtuj pdjyrf pfghtoftncz& Yf dtxthybt cgtrnfrkb ltnb vjkj;t 16 ktn yt ljgecrf.ncz& Yf enhtyybt cgtrnfrkb ltnb ljgecrf.ncz c 7-vb ktn c jnltkmysv ,bktnjv& D[jl d phbntkmysq pfk c gjhnatkzvb^ cd/hnrfvb b d ujkjdys[ e,jhf[ yt hfphtiftncz& Ghb jnvtyt cgtrnfrkz ,bktns djpdhfof.ncz d rfcce ntfnhf lj yfxfkf cgtrnfrkz&

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. 1.

I usually wake up at 8 o’clock, but yesterday I woke up at 11 o’clock. 2. I do not shave on Sundays. 3. In the morning I always get up, wash my hands and face, then have a shower , brush my hair, get dressed, put on my shoes and have breakfast. 4. We have not seen each other for a long time. 5. They agreed to meet by the entrance to Nevsky Prospekt station. 6. She is always smiling. 7. They never quarrel. 8. He got angry and frowned. 9. I did not have enough sleep. 10. I am proud of him. phbntkmysq pfk pdjyjr jnltkmysq

auditorium bell separate; (here:) own

A new ab initio Russian course

cd/hnjr ujkjdyjq e,jh ghb jnvtyt

package headgear in case of cancellation

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NUMERALS IN OBLIQUE CASES

The cardinal numerals decline as follows:

1. yjkm/yekm declines like a masculine soft-sign noun with stressed ending Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

yjkm/yekm yjkm/yekm yjk§/yek§ yjkø/yekø yjk/v/yek/v j yjkü/yekü

2. jlby declines like 'njn but with stressed ending masculine jl¿y jl¿y/jlyjuó jlyjuó jlyjvå jly¿v j, jlyóv

Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

feminine jlyá jlyå jlyóq jlyóq jlyóq j, jlyóq

neuter jlyó jlyó jlyjuó jlyjvå jly¿v j, jlyóv

plural jly¿* jly¿/jly¿[ jly¿[ jly¿v jly¿vb j, jly¿[

* Used with plural-only nouns; e.g. jlyb cfyrb (one sledge)

3. gjknjhá (m & n) / gjknjhÏ (f) ‘one and a half ’ are the Nominative and Accusative forms. In all other cases use gjkånjhf. 4. ldf / ldt Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

masculine/neuter ldf ldf/ldå[ ldå[ ldåv ldev§ j ldå[

feminine ldt ldt/ldå[ ldå[ ldåv ldev§ j ldå[

5. gznm (and all other numerals ending in a soft sign) Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

gznm gznm gzn¿ gzn¿ gznmø j gzn¿

itcnm itcnm itcn¿ itcn¿ itcnmø j itcn¿

ctvm ctvm ctv¿ ctv¿ ctvmø j ctv¿

dóctvm dóctvm djcmv¿ djcmv¿ djcvmø j djcmv¿

lücznm lücznm ltczn¿ ltczn¿ ltcznmø j ltczn¿

jl¿yyflwfnm* jl¿yyflwfnm jl¿yyflwfnb jl¿yyflwfnb jl¿yyflwfnm. j, jl¿yyflwfnb

ldálwfnm ldálwfnm ldflwfn¿ ldflwfn¿ ldflwfnmø j ldflwfn¿

*11 - 19 decline with medial stress, whereas 5-10, 20 and 30 have stressed ending in all oblique cases.

6. cóhjr^ ltdzyócnj^ cnj

These numerals have only one oblique case ending: -à

Nom/Acc Gen/Dat/Instr/Prep (j)

cóhjr cjhjrá

ltdzyócnj ltdzyócnf

cnj cnf

7. gznmltc§n^ itcnmltc§n^ cüvmltczn^ dóctvmltczn

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The component parts of these numerals decline separately like soft-sign feminine nouns. The stress falls on the second syllable in oblique cases: S azov (Russian from Scratch )

gznmltc§n gzn¿ltcznb gznmøltcznm. j gzn¿ltcznb

itcnmltc§n itcn¿ltcznb itcnmøltcznm. j itcn¿ltzcnb

cüvmltczn ctv¿ltcznb ctvmøltcznm. j ctv¿ltcznb

dóctvmltczn djcmv¿ltcznb djcmvmøltcznm. j djcmv¿ltcznb

8. ldücnb - ltdznmcón The component parts of these numerals decline separately: Nom/Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

ldücnb lde[cón ldevcnáv ldevzcnávb j lde[cná[

nh¿cnf nh/[cón nh/vcnáv nhtvzcnávb j nh/[cná[

gznmcón gznbcón gznbcnáv gznbcnávb j gznbcná[

Chapter 17

Nom/Acc Gen/Dat Instr Prep

ltdznmcón ltdznbcón ltdznbcnáv ltdznbcnávb j ltdznbcná[

9. nÏczxf declines like the feminine noun äà÷à (Instrumental = nsczxm. or nsczxtq) vbkkbóy^ vbkkbáhl decline like the masculine noun âåëîñèïåä 10. compound numerals All parts of a compound numeral decline separately. In phrases the noun agrees with the last element of the compound: Nom/Acc Gen/Dat/Prep Instr

ldálwfnm gznm (j) ldflwfn¿ gzn¿ ldflwfnmø gznmø

11. ó,f (m & n), ó,t (f) ‘both’ Nom Gen Dat Acc Instr Prep

ó,f j,ób[ j,óbv ó,f/j,ób[ j,óbvb j, j,ób[

ó,t j,üb[ j,übv ó,t/j,üb[ j,übvb j, j,üb[

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write out the the numbers below in their appropriate cases. 1& Vjcrdf ,skf jcyjdfyf d 1147 ujle& 2& Yf nthhbnjhbb cjdhtvtyyjq Vjcrds d cnfhbye ,skj ,jktt 800 jp/h b ,jkjn^ ghjntrfkj yt vtytt 150 htxtr b hexm/d& 3& Rhfcyfz gkjoflm yt jxtym dtkbrf% t/ lkbyf - 695 vtnhjd^ f ibhbyf - 130 vtnhjd& 4& Cjdhtvtyyjt yfpdfybt gkjoflb cj[hfybkjcm c 17 dtrf* ckjdj «rhfcyfz» jpyfxftn rhfcbdfz& 5& Cjdhtvtyyst rhtvk/dcrbt cntys b ,fiyb cnhjbkbcm c 1485 gj 1495 ujl& 6& Tckb ghjqnb c Rhfcyjq gkjoflb dljkm Êðåìë¸âñêîé cntys^ nj vj;yj edbltnm dct t/ 20 ,fity& 7& Cfvfz dscjrfz bp rhtvk/dcrb[ ,fity - Nhjbwrfz^ dscjnf rjnjhjq jrjkj 80 vtnhjd& 8& J,ofz ghjnz;/yyjcnm Rhtvk/dcrjq cntys - 2235 vtnhjd^ f njkobyf jn 3 lj 5 vtnhjd ghb dscjnt jn 6 lj 17 vtnhjd& jcyjdfy(f) d cnfhbye ,jkjnj htxrf hextq lkbyf ibhbyf cj[hfyznmcz (I) / cj[hfybnmcz (II) A new ab initio Russian course

founded in olden times marsh small river stream length width to remain

dtr jpyfxfnm (I) (imp) ,fiyz dscjnf j,ofz ghjnz;/yyjcnm (f) njkobyf jn (+ gen) lj (+ gen) ghb dscjnt

century to mean tower height overall length thickness from ... to ... at a/the height

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Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the following text and answer the questions in Russian. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Ýðìèòàæ

Lfnjq jcyjdfybz Ýhvbnf;f cxbnftncz 1764 ujl^ rjulf d Gtnth,ehu ghb,skj 225 rfhnby bp
Rjulf ,sk jcyjdfy "hvbnf;$ Crjkmrj rfhnby ,skj d tuj gthdjq rjkktrwbb$ Crjkmrj rfhnby ,skj d tuj rjkktrwbb r 1774 ujle$ Bp crjkmrb[ pfkjd cjcnjbn rfhnbyyfz ufkthtz cjdhtvtyyjuj "hvbnf;f$ Gjxtve "hvbnf; xfcnj chfdybdftncz c Kedhjv$ Crjkmrj dctuj pfkjd d "hvbnf;t$

Unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12& 13& 14&

The fourteen pairs of verbs of motion are conjugated as follows:

bln¿ [jl¿nm ü[fnm üplbnm ,t;ánm ,üufnm ktnünm ktnánm gksnm gkdfnm ytcn¿ yjc¿nm dtcn¿ djl¿nm dtpn¿ djp¿nm ktpnm kápbnm gjkpn¿ gókpfnm ,htcn¿ ,hjl¿nm nfo¿nm nfcránm rfn¿nm rfnánm uyfnm ujy§nm

blå^ bl/im^ bl/n^ bl/v^ bl/nt^ blån [j;å ^ [ólbim^ [ólbn^ [ólbv^ [ólbnt^ [ólzn üle^ ültim^ ültn^ ültv^ ültnt^ ülen üp;e^ üplbim^ üplbn^ üplbv^ üplbnt^ üplzn ,tuå^ ,t;¿im^ ,t;¿n^ ,t;¿v^ ,t;¿nt^ ,tuån ,üuf.^ ,üuftim^ ,üuftn^ ,üuftv^ ,üuftnt^ ,üuf.n ktxå^ ktn¿im^ ktn¿n^ ktn¿v^ ktn¿nt^ ktn§n ktná.^ ktnátim^ ktnátn^ ktnátv^ ktnátnt^ ktná.n gksdå^ gksd/im^ gksd/n^ gksd/v^ gksd/nt^ gksdån gkádf.^ gkádftim^ gkádftn^ gkádftv^ gkádftnt^ gkádf.n ytcå^ ytc/im^ ytc/n^ ytc/v^ ytc/nt^ ytcån yjiå^ yócbim^ yócbn^ yócbv^ yócbnt^ yóczn dtlå^ dtl/im^ dtl/n^ dtl/v^ dtl/nt^ dtlån dj;å^ dólbim^ dólbn^ dólbv^ dólbnt^ dólzn dtpå^ dtp/im^ dtp/n^ dtp/v^ dtp/nt^ dtpån dj;å^ dópbim^ dópbn^ dópbv^ dópbnt^ dópzn küpe^ küptim^ küptn^ küptv^ küptnt^ küpen ká;e^ kápbim^ kápbn^ kápbv^ kápbnt^ kápzn gjkpå^ gjkp/im^ gjkp/n^ gjkp/v^ gjkp/nt^ gjkpån gókpf.^ gókpftim^ gókpftn^ gókpftv^ gókpftnt^ gókpf.n ,htlå^ ,htl/im^ ,htl/n^ ,htl/v^ ,htl/nt^ ,htlån ,hj;å^ ,hólbim^ ,hólbn^ ,hólbv^ ,hólbnt^ ,hólzn nfoå^ náobim^ náobn^ náobv^ náobnt^ náofn nfcrá.^ nfcrátim^ nfcrátn^ nfcrátv^ nfcrátnt^ nfcrá.n rfxå^ ránbim^ ránbn^ ránbv^ ránbnt^ ránzn rfná.^ rfnátim^ rfnátn^ rfnátv^ rfnátnt^ rfná.n ujyø^ uóybim^ uóybn^ uóybv^ uóybnt^ uóyzn ujy§.^ ujy§tim^ ujy§tn^ ujy§tv^ ujy§tnt^ ujy§.n

cxbnfnmcz (I) (imp only) bvgthfnhbwf drk.xfnm (I) /drk.xbnm (II) Kedh itltdh Wtynhfkmyfz Fpbz

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to be considered empress to contain the Louvre masterpiece Central Asia

to go on foot to go by transport to run to fly to swim, float to carry to lead, drive to transport to climb to crawl to wander, walk slowly to drag to roll to chase, drive fast

[hfybnmcz (II) (imp only) to be kept lhtdybq ancient Uhtwbz Greece wbdbkbpfwbz civilisation cjcnjznm (II) (imp only) bp (+ gen) to consist of Lhtdybq Tubgtn Ancient Egypt S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Imperative forms of verbs of motion are formed according to the rules outlined in Chapter 16. Note: the imperative of t[fnm is gjtp;fq/gjtp;fqnt.

Chapter 17

Note: the past tense of some of the above verbs is irregular: ytcnb y/c^ ytcká^ ytckó^ ytck¿ dtcnb d/k^ dtká^ dtkó^ dtk¿ dtpnb d/p^ dtpká^ dtpkó^ dtpk¿ ktpnm ktp^ küpkf^ küpkj^ küpkb ,htcnb ,h/k^ ,htká^ ,htkó^ ,htk¿

Activity Twenty-Seven - Äâàäöàòü ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following children’s poem (‘Song of the traveller’) and identify the use of the unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion. Ïåñåíêà ïóòåøåñòâåííèêà (Å. Ñàâ÷åíêî) Gentitcndjdfnm^ lhepmz^ Jxtym bynthtcyj! Pyftv 'nj ns b z^ "nj dctv bpdtcnyj! Djn b tltv vs e;t Yf ghtlkj;yjv gflt;t% Vs tltv yf vfibyt^ Vs tltv yf dth,k.lt^ Vs tltv-tltv-tltv Yf x/v$ Bkb yf rjv$ Yf gjtplt vs tltv B yf dtkjcbgtlt^ F tckb vs yt tltv^ Nj vs bl/v gtirjv! Gentitcndjdfnm^ lhepmz^ Jxtym bynthtcyj! Pyftv 'nj ns b z^ "nj dctv bpdtcnyj! Tplbv vs nelf - c.lf^ D cnhfys^ d c/kf^ d ujhjlf& Vs tplbkb d Cfvfhe^ Vs tplbkb d Dfhifde^ D Dfhifde - pf uhfybwe^ D Dfhifde - pf he,t;& D Cfhfnjd vs gjtltv^ D Rfkeue vs gjtltv^ B d 'njv yfv gjvj;tn Dbybntkmysq gflt;!

My friends, It is very interesting to travel! You and I, we know it, Everybody knows it! And here we are already travelling With the help of the Prepositional case: we are travelling by car, we are travelling by camel, we are travelling-travelling-travelling by what? or on what? We are travelling by train and by bicycle, and if we are not travelling by transport, we are walking! My friends, It is very interesting to travel! You and I, we know it, Everybody knows it! We are travelling backwards and forwards, to various countries, villages and towns. We have been to Samara, We have been to Warsaw, We have been abroad, to Warsaw - abroad. We will go to Saratov, We will go to Kaluga, and the Accusative case will help us with it!

Activity Twenty-Eight - Äâàäöàòü âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps choosing the appropriate form of the verb. 1& Dxthf vs (blnb - [jlbnm) d ntfnh& 2& Gjtpl ¹ 136 (blnb - [jlbnm) gj dnjhybrfv b gznybwfv& 3& Z jxtym k.,k. (gksnm - gkfdfnm)& 4& "njn gfhj[jl (gksnm - gkfdfnm) d Ym.-Qjhr& 5& D ghjikjv ujle z (ktntnm - ktnfnm) d Kjyljy gznm hfp& 6& Htqc ¹ 234 (ktntnm - ktnfnm) d Cfyrn-Gtnth,ehu nhb hfpf d ytltk.& 7& Ghjcnbnt^ 'njn fdnj,ec (blnb - [jlbnm) d wtynh$ 8& Vjq csy to/ yt (blnb - [jlbnm)^ jy njkmrj (gjkpnb A new ab initio Russian course

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Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

gjkpfnm)^ dtlm tve dctuj itcnm vtczwtd& 9& J,sxyj ht,/yrf (dtcnb - djlbnm) d ltncrbq cfl ,f,eirf^ yj ctujlyz tuj (dtcnb - djlbnm) vfnm& 10& Z (ytcnb - yjcbnm) rybue d ,b,kbjntre& 11& Z jxtym k.,k. (,htcnb - ,hjlbnm) gj ekbwfv dtxthytq Vjcrds& 12& Jyf yt (dtcnb - djlbnm) vfibye& 13& (t[fnm - tplbnm) yf X/hyjt vjht! 14& Jy jgfplsdfk d f'hjgjhn b (uyfnm - ujyznm) vfibye yf vfrcbvfkmyjq crjhjcnb& 15& Ltnb^ yt ievbnt b yt (,t;fnm - ,tufnm) gj rjvyfnt! 16& Xtvjlfy ,sk jxtym nz;/ksv^ z yt vjukf (ytcnb - yjcbnm) tuj b gj'njve (nfobnm - nfcrfnm) tuj gj gjke&

Figurative uses of verbs of motion Some verbs of motion have figurative meanings. Usually only one of a pair is used figuratively, either the unidirectional or the multidirectional verb. The following figurative expressions may prove useful: I. Only unidirectional verbs are used in the following phrases: blnb

it is raining, snowing the clock is working this dress suits you this film lasts 2 hours the examination is in progress to go against one’s will

bl/n lj;lm^ cytu xfcs blen* 'nj gkfnmt dfv bl/n 'njn abkmv bl/n 2 xfcf bl/n 'rpfvty blnb ghjnbd cdjtq djkb

* In certain contexts it is possible to use multidirectional verb [jlbnm; e.g. 'nb xfcs e;t lfdyj yt [jlzn - this clock has been broken for a long time; vjb xfcs [jlzn jxtym [jhjij - my watch works really well. ktntnm ,t;fnm dtcnb

time, days, years fly past time, days, years fly past to keep a diary to carry on a correspondence to conduct negotiations to chair a meeting, a discussion

dhtvz^ lyb^ ujls ktnzn dhtvz ,t;bn^ lyb^ ujls ,tuen dtcnb lytdybr dtcnb gthtgbcre dtcnb gthtujdjhs dtcnb cj,hfybt^ lbcreccb.

II. Only multidirectional verbs are used in the following phrases: [jlbnm yjcbnm djlbnm

rumours are rife to wear clothes to bear a title, a name to lead up the garden path

[jlzn cke[b^ hfpujdjhs yjcbnm jlt;le yjcbnm pdfybt^ bvz djlbnm pá yjc

Activity Twenty-Nine - Äâàäöàòü äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following children’s poem and underline the verb of motion which is used figuratevly. Then complete the partial translation of the poem. ×àñû (Â. Îðëîâ)

Ujdjhzn% xfcs cnjzn& Ujdjhzn% xfcs cgtifn& Ujdjhzn% xfcs blen^ Yj ytvyj;rj jncnf.n& Vs cvjnhtkb c Vbirjq dvtcnt^ Yj xfcs cnjzn yf vtcnt& 338

They say: the clock is __________. They say: the clock is __________. They say: the clock is __________, But it is a bit __________. Mishka and I watched it together, But the clock is_____________. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Compound verbs of motion are formed by adding different prefixes to simple verbs of motion. Most compound verbs are linked to the following noun by a preposition. The following is a list of compounds from [jlbnm - blnb% imperfective d[jlbnm ds[jlbnm lj[jlbnm pf[jlbnm

perfective djqnb dsqnb ljqnb pfqnb

j,[jlbnm

j,jqnb

jn[jlbnm gtht[jlbnm

jnjqnb gthtqnb

gjl[jlbnm ghb[jlbnm

gjljqnb ghbqnb

ghj[jlbnm

ghjqnb

hfc[jlbnmcz

hfpjqnbcm

c[jlbnm c[jlbnmcz e[jlbnm

cjqnb cjqnbcm eqnb

preposition d (+ acc) bp (+ gen) lj (+ gen) r (+ dat) d/yf (+ acc) djrheu (+ gen) (+ acc) jn (+ gen) xthtp (+ acc) (+ acc) r (+ dat) r (+ dat) d/yf (+ acc) vbvj (+ gen) (+ acc) gj (+ dat) c (+ gen) c (+ instr) jn (+ gen) bp/c (+ gen)

English to enter, go in to leave, go out of to go up to to call on (someone) to call in at (a place) to go round to inspect; avoid to leave, move away from to cross

Chapter 17

COMPOUND VERBS OF MOTION

to go towards to come to see (a person) to arrive, come to (a place) to pass to cover a distance to disperse, go in different directions to come down from, step off to get together (with) to leave a person to leave a place

Compounds with similar changes of meaning can be formed from all the other verbs of motion listed on page 336 by adding a prefix; e.g. ektntnm (to fly away), gthtgksnm (to swim across), ghjgjkpnb (to crawl through) etc. Some verbs will change their stems when a prefix is added to a simple verb of motion. These are indicated by the bold type below: imperfective

perfective

-[jlbnm -tp;fnm -,tuánm* -gksdfnm -gjkpánm* -rfnsdfnm

-qnb -t[fnm -,t;fnm -gksnm -gjkpnb -rfnbnm

* The stems -,tuánm and -gjkpánm differ from the simple verbs of motion stems only in stress.

When forming the compound verbs of motion remember to apply the following spelling rules: 1. î is inserted between a consonant and -éòè; e.g. djqnb^ jnjqnb^ cjqnb 2. a hard sign is inserted between a prefix ending in a consonant and all stems beginning with å; e.g. d]t[fnm^ d]tp;fnm^ c]t[fnm^ c]tp;fnm& A new ab initio Russian course

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Figurative uses of compound verbs of motion Many compound verbs of motion have figurative meanings. The following expressions may prove useful: 1. compounds from [jlbnm - blnb d[jlbnm/djqnb d vjle ds[jlbnm/dsqnb bp vjls lj[jlbnm/ljqnb lj ck/p pf[jlbnm/pfqnb ckbirjv lfktrj gtht[jlbnm/gthtqnb r lheujq ntvt gtht[jlbnm/gthtqnb dct uhfybws gtht[jlbnm/gthtqnb bp her d herb c[jlbnm/cjqnb c evf

to come into fashion to become old-fashioned to be reduced to tears to go too far to switch to a different topic to overstep the limits to pass through many hands to go mad

2. compounds from djlbnm - dtcnb dsdjlbnm/dsdtcnb rjuj-yb,elm bp nthgtybz pfdjlbnm/pfdtcnb xfcs pfdjlbnm/pfdtcnb rjuj-yb,elm gthtdjlbnm/gthtdtcnb hfpujdjh yf lheue. ntve gjldjlbnm/gjldtcnb rjuj-yb,elm ghjdjlbnm/ghjdtcnb dhtvz hfpdjlbnmcz/hfpdtcnbcm

to exasperate someone to wind up a clock/watch to wind someone up to change the topic of conversation to let someone down to spend time to get divorced

3. compounds from yjcbnm - ytcnb dsyjcbnm/dsytcnb ghbujdjh dsyjcbnm/dsytcnb cjh bp bp,s z yt dsyjie tuj/t/ ljyjcbnm/ljytcnb yf rjuj-yb,elm ghbyjcbnm/ghbytcnb gjkmpe

to pass sentence to wash one’s dirty linen in public I can’t stand him/her to denounce someone to be useful

Activity Thirty - Òðèäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Complete the following sentences using a preposition if appropriate. Remember that the noun endings may change. 1. Vs dsikb _______&(ljv) b gjikb _______ (gfhr)& 2&
Activity Thirty-One - Òðèäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps with the appropriate verbs of motion. D ghjikjv ujle vs _______________ d Vjcrde yf 'rcrehcb.& Cyfxfkf vs yt vjukb htibnm - _______________ gjtpljv bkb _______________ cfvjk/njv& D rjywt rjywjd vs htibkb _______________ yf cfvjk/nt^ gjnjve xnj cfvjk/n 340

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 17

dctuj gjknjhf xfcf^ f gjtpl _______________ ldtyflwfnm xfcjd& Vs _______________d fýhjgjhn pf ldf xfcf lj dsktnf^ pfhtubcnhbhjdfkb ,bktns b ,fuf; b _______________ gjcvjnhtnm^ xnj tcnm d pfk t dsktnf& Nfv ,skb vfufpbys^ rfat b ,fh& Vs _______________ d rfat b pfrfpfkb rjat& Rjulf jabwbfynrf _______________ rjat^ vs ecksifkb^ xnj j,]zdkztncz gjcflrf yf Vjcrde& Yj 'nj ,sk yt yfi htqc^ yfi cfvjk/n _______________ xthtp xfc& Vs ecgtkb dsgbnm rjat b lf;t ytvyjuj _______________ gj vfufpbyfv& Vs _______________ djdhtvz b _______________ d Vjcrde d ldf xfcf lyz& Vs dpzkb nfrcb b _______________ d ujcnbybwe& Vs _______________ jrjkj xfcf^ gjnjve xnj f'hjgjhn yf[jlbncz pf ujhjljv& Yfrjytw vs edbltkb ,jkmijq pyfr «Vjcrdf»^ pyfxbn vs ________________ d ujhjl& Vbyen xthtp gznyflw fnm vs _______________ r uj cnbybwt& Gjhnmt gjvju yfv _______________ xtvjlfys b gjrfpfk^ ult yf[jlbncz yfi yjvth& Vs ytvyjuj jnlj[yekb b _______________ cvjnhtnm ujhjl& Vs _______________ bp ujcnbybws b edbltkb^ xnj Rhfcyfz gkjoflm yf[jlbncz ytlfktrj& Vs _______________ lj yt/ gtirjv^ vtlktyyj _______________ t/ b _______________ d Rhtvkm& Gjckt Rhtvkz vs _______________ yf vtnhj yf Fh,fn& Yf 'njq ekbwt vyjuj vfufpbyjd b rfat& Vs regbkb cedtybhs b ,bktns d <jkmijq ntfnh& Dtxthjv vs _______________ d ntfnh b e;byfkb d htcnjhfyt& Yf cktle.obq ltym vs _______________ gjxnb dc. Vjcrde yf 'rcrehcbjyyjv fdnj,ect b edbltkb vyjuj bynthtcyjuj&

Activity Thirty-Two - Òðèäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. 1. Our plane departs at 7 p.m. 2. I left home at 9 a.m. and went to work by car. After work I went to see my friend. 3. My father brought the rare books from St. Petersburg for me. 4. Yesterday my sister brought an interesting book about London. 5. He entered the room, smiled and greeted us. 6. We drove round the square three times and still could not find the museum. 7. She came to see me when I was ill and brought me some nice cakes. 8. We went through the forest and came out by the river. 9. I went up to him and asked what he wanted. 10. The birds are flying, the dogs are running, the snakes are crawling and the fish are swimming. 11. A car crossed the bridge and stopped. 12. We walked for about twenty minutes and arrived at mother ’s house* at six o'clock. * (we) arrived at mother's house - (vs) ghbikb r vfnthb

cyfxfkf d rjywt rjywjd dctuj pf ldf xfcf lj dsktnf djdhtvz A new ab initio Russian course

at first eventually in all; only two hours before the flight on time

yfrjytw pyfxbn gjhnmt (m indeclinable) yf cktle.obq ltym ýrcrehcbjyysq fdnj,ec

at last so porter, doorman the next day coach

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Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

342

ïîñ. Ëàçàðåâñêîå

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 18

Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN - ÂÎÑÅÌÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ AT HOME - ÄÎÌÀ In Chapter Eighteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. to talk about houshold goods and chores 2. to talk about everyday electrical appliances 3. to talk about broken equipment and faults You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. the pronoun ‘-self’ (ñàì) 2. the pronoun ‘such’ (òàêîé) 3. verbs with consonant mutation Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. Read the vocabulary list at the foot of the page and describe each picture with an appropriate phrase. Then take it in turns with your partner to ask whether you do these things yourself or somebody else does them for you. You will need to know how to say in Russian ‘myself ’, ‘yourself’, ‘himself’, ‘herself’, ‘itself’, ‘ourselves’, ‘yourselves’, ‘themselves’: cfv (m), cfvá (f), cfvó (n), cávb (pl); e.g. ds cfvb e,bhftnt d ljvt bkb rnj-nj dfv e,bhftn$ - do you clean the house yourself or does somebody else clean for you?; z cfvf e,bhf. d ljvt - I clean the house myself. Note that in Russian cfv (-á, -ó, -b) usually follows a personal pronoun or a noun; e.g. jy cfv ghbujnjdbk j,tl - he cooked the dinner himself. For more details see the Grammar section.

(gj-)cnbhfnm (I) e,bhfnm (I) / e,hfnm (e,the^ e,th/im)

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to wash (clothes) to clean (house, flat etc.)

dsnbhfnm (I) / dsnthtnm (dsnhe^ to do the dusting dsnhtim) gskm (f) [jlbnm (II) pf gjregrfvb to go shopping S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Conjugation of e,hfnm and dsnthtnm óáðàòü (pf) (to clean) z e,the vs e,th/v ns e,th/im ds e,th/nt jy/jyf/jyj e,th/n jyb e,then

âûòåðåòü (pf) (to wipe up) z dsnhe vs dsnhtv ns dsnhtim ds dsnhtnt jy/jyf/jyj dsnhtn jyb dsnhen

Chapter 18

The conjugation of these verbs is irregular:

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the tape and tick below which household chores Ivan does himself and which are done by other members of the family. The first one is completed for you. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. household chores cooking washing (clothes) decorating house cleaning vacuuming dusting floor polishing watering plants washing up ironing shopping

Ivan (himself)

his wife

ü

his children

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Using the answers from the table in Activity Two ask your partner whether Ivan does the listed household chores himself. Use the model below as a guide, and reverse the roles after each question. - Bdfy cfv ujnjdbn$ - Ytn^ d tuj ctvmt ujnjdbn ;tyf&

or

- Bdfy cfv ltkftn htvjyn$ - Lf^ jy cfv ltkftn htvjyn&

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Using the model from Activity Three, ask your partner whether he/she does various household chores himself/herself. Then reverse the roles. Note: (i) the verbs gsktcjcbnm/ghjgsktcjcbnm and ukflbnm/gjukflbnm have final consonant mutation in the ÿ form. All other personal forms retain the same consonant as in the infinitive; e.g. z gsktcjie^ ns gsktcjcbim^ jy(f) gsktcjcbn^ vs gsktcjcbv^ ds gsktcjcbnt jyb gsktcjczn* z ukf;e, ns ukflbim etc. (ii) the verbs vsnm/gjvsnm have a vowel mutation in all personal forms; e.g. z vj.^ ns vjtim^ jy(f) vjtn^ vs vjtv^ ds vjtnt^ jyb vj.n. For more details see the Grammar section. ljvfiybt ltkf pfnj (c-)ltkfnm (I) htvjyn (+ gen) cfv^ cfvá^ cfvó^ cávb (ghj-)gsktcjcbnm (gsktcjie^ gsktcjcbim) rjd/h (rjdhs) (jn-)gjkbhjdfnm (III) gjk gjkbdfnm (I) / gjkbnm (gjkm., gjkm/im) A new ab initio Russian course

household chores on the other hand to decorate oneself to vacuum, hoover carpet(s) to polish floor to water

wdtnjr / wdtns (gj-)vsnm (vj.^ vjtim) (gj-)vsnm gjcele (gj-)ukflbnm (ukf;e^ ukflbim) (gj-)ukflbnm ,tkm/ ljhj;ysq en.u ljdthznm (I) / ljdthbnm (II) (+ dat) (c-);txm ((cj);ue^ ;;/im^ ;uen) dtom (f) nz;/ksq cevrf

flower(s), plant(s) to wash to do the washing up to iron to do the ironing travel iron to trust to burn thing heavy; hard bag

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Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Work out the meaning of the words in the boxes below (the answers are given in the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page). Then look at the pictures and the slogans from the Russian magazine advertisements, which are mixed up. Read the slogans and draw arrows matching them to the correct pictures. cnbhfkmyfz vfibyf hflbfnjh

vjoysq j,sryjdtyysq xelj (pl xeltcá) vjltkm (f)

346

powerful ordinary miracle model

[jkjlbkmybr

regbd htitybt cnfylfhn ghbxbyf

gsktcjc rjvgm.nth

having bought solution standard reason S azov (Russian from Scratch )

- Ghjcnbnt^ z yt jxtym [jhjij ujdjh. gj-heccrb& Rfr yfpsdftncz gjhjijr lkz cnbhrb ,tkmz$ (“Excuse me, I don’t speak Russian very well. What do you call the powder used for washing clothes?”) - Cnbhfkmysq gjhjijr& (“Washing powder.”)

Chapter 18

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Pairwork. The phrases in the box below are useful for asking for things if you don’t know the precise term. Look at the pictures below and ask your partner about the objects illustrated and about other objects, as appropriate. Use the following model as a guide.

lkz vsnmz jrjy (for cleaning windows), lkz jnrhsdfybz rjycthdjd (for opening tins), lkz vsnmz gjcels (for washing the dishes), lkz gjvjkf rjat (for grinding coffee), lkz jnrhsdfybz ,enskjr (for opening bottles), lkz rbgzxtybz djls (for boiling water)

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the following descriptions of various domestic appliances and complete the partially filled table below. Do not expect to understand every word. appliances (in Russian)

electrical

ü

hand operated

battery operated

rjatvjkrf rjycthdysq yj; cnbhfkmyfz vfibyf

gsktcjc cnbhfkmyfz vfibyf [jkjlbkmybr hflbfnjh rjvgm.nth ;blrjcnm (f) ghbcgjcj,ktybt inerf (inexrf) rjycthdysq yj; injgjh gjceljvjtxyfz vfibyf A new ab initio Russian course

ü vacuum cleaner washing machine refrigerator radiator computer liquid gadget thing tin opener corkscrew dishwasher

xfqybr rjatvjkrf njcnth cntrkjjxbcnbntkm (m) drk.xfnm (I) / drk.xbnm (II) (d 'ktrnhjctnm) hexyjq 'ktrnhbxtcrbq ,fnfhtqrf 'ktrnhjctnm (f) hf,jnfnm (I) jn ctnb

kettle coffee grinder toaster glass cleaner to plug in hand operated electric battery mains mains operated

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Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the following dialogue between a customer and a shop assistant and fill in the gaps. Listen to the tape to check your answers. Ïîêóïàòåëü - Plhfdcndeqnt^ vyt ye;yj ghbcgjcj,ktybt^ xnj,s jnrhsnm ,enskre dbyf& Ïðîäàâåö - Ds bvttnt d dble ____________________$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ rjytxyj^ ____________________& Z dctulf pf,sdf.^ rfr 'nj yfpsdftncz gj-heccrb& B to/ vyt ye;ys nfrbt vfktymrbt inexrb lkz vjtuj ajnjfggfhfnf& Ïðîäàâåö - Rfrbt inexrb$ Lkz xtuj jyb bcgjkmpe.ncz$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Ýnj nfrbt vtnfkkbxtcrbt inexrb^ ,tp rjnjhs[ ajnjfggfhfn yt hf,jnftn& Ïðîäàâåö - F^ dfv ye;ys ____________________! Djn^ gj;fkeqcnf& Xnj-yb,elm to/$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ to/ vyt ye;yj regbnm nfre. inere^ xnj,s jnrhsdfnm rjycthds& Ïðîäàâåö - Djn^ gj;fkeqcnf^ 'nj ____________________ ____________________& Ïîêóïàòåëü - <jkmijt cgfcb,j& Lf^ xenm yt pf,sk^ vyt to/ ye;ys ldt dtob% jlyf^ xnj,s vj;yj ,skj gjukflbnm d ljhjut^ f dnjhfz^ xnj,s dcrbgznbnm djle& Ïðîäàâåö - Ds bvttnt d dble ____________________ ____________________ b ____________________ ____________________$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ ____________________ ____________________ b ____________________ ____________________& Ïðîäàâåö - R cj;fktyb.^ jyb e yfc yt ghjlf.ncz& Dfv ye;yj gjqnb d vfufpby «Ýktrnhjnjdfhs»&

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Speaking Look at the labels on your clothes, your shoes, your watch etc. Make a list of the countries where these things were made. Ask your partner where his/her clothes and possessions were made, then reverse the roles. Use the model below as a guide. - Ult cltkfy ndjq gjhnatkm$

- Jy cltkfy d Rbnft&

You will need to know how to say in Rusian ‘made in ...’ Use the form cltkfy (for masculine nouns), cltkfyf (for feminine), cltkfyj (for neuter) and cltkfys (for plural); e.g. 'njn rfhfylfi cltkfy d Rbnft - this pencil was made in China; 'nf he,firf cltkfyf d Fyukbb - this shirt was made in England; 'nj gfkmnj cltkfyj d Hjccbb - this coat was made in Russia; 'nb xfcs cltkfys d Zgjybb - this watch was made in Japan. For more details on these constructions see Chapter 20.

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write a description of any three of the following objects using the description of an iron (en.u) below as your model: njcnth^ rjvgm.nth^ xfqybr^ cnbhfkmyfz vfibyf^ gj celjvjtxyfz vfibyf& "nf dtom cltkfyf bp vtnfkkf b gkfcnvfccs& Jyf jrjkj ldflwfnb gznb cfynbvtnhjd d lkbye b jrjkj gznyflwfnb cfynbvtnhjd d ibhbye& Jyf bcgjkmpetncz lkz ukf;tybz ,tkmz& "nj en.u& This object is made out of metal and plastic. It is about twenty-five centimetres long and about fifteen centimetres wide. It is used for ironing clothes. It is an iron. ghbcgjcj,ktybt inexrf bcgjkmpjdfnmcz (III) (imp) (+ instr) bvtnm (bvt.^ bvttim) d dble

348

device, appliance thing, object to be used to have in mind

(dc-)rbgznbnm (II) gkfcnvfccf vtnfkk(bxtcrbq) d lkbye / d ibhbye

to boil plastic metal(lic) in length / in width

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Rfrjq jy (jyf^ jyj) d lkbye/d ibhbye$ Rfrjq jy (jyf^ jyj) d njkobye$ Bp xtuj jy (jyf^ jyj) cltkfy (cltkfyf^ cltkfyj)$ Rfrjuj jy (jyf^ jyj) wdtnf$ Lkz xtuj jy (jyf^ jyj) bcgjkmpetncz$

How long/wide is it? How thick is it? What’s it made of? What colour is it? What’s it used for?

Chapter 18

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Each choose one of the objects from Activity Ten and find out what your partner’s object is by asking questions about it. You might want to use some of the questions given below. (Remember to change the gender of the nouns or pronouns where appropriate.)

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the sentences and write down what you should do as in the model. Use the verbs and phrases in the box below. drk.xbnm drk.xbnm d hjptnre jnrhenbnm (or jnrhsnm) pfrhenbnm (or pfrhsnm)

dsrk.xbnm dsrk.xbnm bp hjptnrb gthtrk.xbnm jnrk.xbnm

cltkfnm (gj)nbit cltkfnm (gj)uhjvxt gjvtyznm

- Xnj dfv ye;yj cltkfnm^ tckb ds [jnbnt cvjnhtnm ntktdbpjh$ - Drk.xbnm tuj&

Xnj dfv ye;yj cltkfnm^ tckb ... 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

ds pfrjyxbkb hf,jnfnm yf rjvgm.ntht$ ds [jnbnt gjukflbnm he,fire$ ds [jnbnt gjckeifnm hflbj$ hflbj buhftn jxtym nb[j$ vfuybnjajy buhftn ckbirjv uhjvrj$ abkmv^ rjnjhsq ds [jnbnt gjcvjnhtnm^ bl/n gj lheujq ghjuhfvvt$ ds [jnbnt yfkbnm djle d dfyye$ rjyxbkbcm ,fnfhtqrb d ajnjfggfhfnt$ dfyyf e;t gjkyf$ gthtujhtkf kfvgjxrf$

Note: plugs in Russia do not have switches, so the Russian phrases drk.xbnm d hjptnre/dsrk.xbnm bp hjptnrb (plug in/unplug) also mean ‘to switch on/off’.

drk.xbnm (II) (pf) drk.xbnm (II) (pf) d hjptnre jnrhenbnm (jnrhexe^ jnrhenbim) (pf) pfrhenbnm (pfrhexe^ pfrhenbim) (pf) rhfy dsrk.xbnm (II) (pf) dsrk.xbnm (II) (pf) bp hjptnrb gthtrk.xbnm (II) (pf) A new ab initio Russian course

to switch on to plug in to turn on (tap) to turn off tap to switch off to unplug to change (channels)

jnrk.xbnm (II) (pf)

to turn off (electricity, water) cltkfnm (I) (pf) (gj)nbit to turn the sound down cltkfnm (I) (pf) (gj)uhjvxt to turn the sound up gjvtyznm (I) (pf) to change yfkbnm (II) (yfkm.^ to fill the bath with yfkm/im) (pf) djle d dfyye water ,fnfhtqrb rjyxbkbcm the batteries are flat dfyyf gjkyf the bath is full kfvgjxrf gthtujhtkf the bulb is gone

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Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following dialogue and answer the questions below. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Then read the passage in pairs. Nfyz Vfif Nfyz Vfif

-

Nfyz Vfif

-

Nfyz Vfif

-

Nfyz Vfif Nfyz

-

Vfif Nfyz Vfif

-

Ghbdtn^ Vfif^ rfr ltkf$ Kexit yt cghfibdfq^ [e;t ytrelf& F xnj ckexbkjcm$ Ns ghtlcnfdkztim^ vs ytlfdyj ghbt[fkb bp jngecrf^ b gj ljhjut bp f'hjgjhnf ljvjq e yfc ckjvfkfcm vfibyf& Xnj-nj ckexbkjcm c vjnjhjv& Ntgthm vfibyf d htvjynt& Ye^ yt cnjbn nfr hfccnhfbdfnmcz& Gjxbyzn dfie vfibye& Z cyfxfkf yt jxtym hfccnhjbkfcm^ yj ns ;t pyftim^ xnj ,tlf ybrjulf yt ghb[jlbn jlyf&* Ckjvfyyfz vfibyf - 'nj njkmrj jlyf bp yfib[ ghj,ktv& F xnj to/ ckexbkjcm$ Ghbt[fkb vs ljvjq^ f nfv jlyf ghj,ktvf pf lheujq& Cyfxfkf ckjvfkfcm cnbhfkmyfz vfibyf^ gjnjv [jkjlbkmybr^ f ctujlyz enhjv yt hf,jnfk fdnjjndtnxbr& B nfr e;t gjxnb vtczw& B 'nj njkmrj rhegyst ghj,ktvs^ f vtkjxfv z b cx/n gjnthzkf& Lf^ jxtym ytghbznyj& Ye lf kflyj& Yflt.cm^ xnj crjhj dc/ ,eltn [jhjij& F rfr ltkf e nt,z$ E vtyz dc/ ,jktt-vtytt yjhvfkmyj& Djn njkmrj ytlfdyj yfxfk ghjntrfnm rhfy yf re[yt b ntktdbpjh ,fhf[kbn& Yj 'nj dc/ vtkjxb& Z e;t dspdfkf cfynt[ybrf b ntktvfcnthf& F xnj c ntktdbpjhjv$ Dtlm ns ytlfdyj dspsdfkf ntktvfcnthf& Cyfxfkf bcxtp wdtn^ f ntgthm dhtvz jn dhtvtyb bcxtpftn pder& Z levf.^ xnj nt,t kexit regbnm yjdsq ntktdbpjh^ dtlm 'njn e;t jxtym cnfhsq& Ns gjnhfnbim ,jkmit ltytu yf htvjyn^ xtv yf yjdsq ntktdbpjh&

* The English equivalent of the Russian saying ,tlf ybrjulf yt ghb[jlbn jlyf (literally: ‘misfortune never comes alone’) is ‘troubles always come in threes’. Another common Russian saying with the same meaning is ghbikf ,tlf jndjhzq djhjnf (literally: ‘when misfortune has come - open your gates’).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What happened to Masha’s car on the way home from the airport? Where is Masha’s car now? What major problems did Masha find at home? What else went wrong? What did she do to fix the problems? Why did Tanya have to call the TV repair man twice? What solution to Tanya’s problems did Masha propose? What is the gist of the final sentence?

[e;t ytrelf ghtlcnfdkznm (I) / ghtlcnfdbnm (II) (c-)kjvfnmcz (I) vjnjh htvjyn yt cnjbn ... hfccnhfbdfnmcz (I) / hfccnhjbnmcz (II) (gj-)xbybnm (II) ,tlf ckjvfyysq jlyf ghj,ktvf pf lheujq fdnjjndtnxbr

350

it couldn’t be worse to imagine; present to break (down) engine repair it is not worth ... to get upset

rhegysq ye lf kflyj vtkjxm (f) gjnthznm (I) (pf) cx/n ,jktt-vtytt ghjntrfnm (I) (imp) ,fhf[kbnm (II) (imp) cfynt[ybr to repair ntktvfcnth misfortune bcxtpfnm (I) / bcxtpyenm broken (down) (bcxtpye^ bcxtpytim) one problem after another pder ansaphone (gj-)nhfnbnm (II)

large well, OK little thing to lose count more or less to leak, drip to be on the blink, pink plumber TV repair man to disappear sound to spend

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

objects car tape recorder camera tap window watch

1& 2&

3&

it won’t work

it won’t open

it won’t record

- Xnj c ndjtq vfibyjq$ - Jyf yt ______________& - E yfc _______________ vfuybnjajy& - F xnj ckexbkjcm$ - Jy gjxtve-nj yt _______________& - Vj;yj dpznm ndjq ajnjfggfhfn$ - F xnj^ ndjq __________________$ - Lf^ dcgsirf yt _______________&

it won’t start

ü

4&

5&

6&

it’s stopped

it’s dripping

Chapter 18

Activity Fourteen - ×åðòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening/Writing Listen to the dialogues which identify problems with various household objects. Tick what is wrong with each thing. The first one is done for you. Listen again and fill in the gaps in the partial transcription which follows. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you.

- Ye;yj dspdfnm cfynt[ybrf$ - F xnj ckexbkjcm$ - Rhfy d dfyyjq ______________& - D rjvyfnt nfr leiyj! Jnrhjq jryj^ gj;fkeqcnf& - Jyj yt _________________& - Rjnjhsq xfc$ - Yt pyf.^ vjb xfcs _______________&

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Role-play. You play the role of A and your partner plays the role of B, then reverse the roles. A 1& Tell your partner you know that his/her car was repaired and ask how it is now. Ask if your partner recorded the TV programme last night. Ask what happened to it. Suggest that your partner call a TV repair man.

B Say that your car is more or less all right but the engine is pinking from time to time. Say you did not record it because your video recorder doesn’t work. Say it won’t record. Say you are going to buy a new video recorder because you have called the repair man three times and it will be cheaper to buy a new one.

2.

Say that you are very unhappy (ytljdjkty/ ytljdjkmyf)&

Ask if your partner is happy with (ljdjkty/ ljdjkmyf + instr) his/her new washing machine. Ask why. What has happened? Ask if the repair man has been called. Ask whether the washing machine is under guarantee (c ufhfynbtq)&

pfdjlbnm(cz) (pfdj;e^ pfdjlbim) / pfdtcnb(cm) (pfdtle^ pfdtl/im) gjxtve-nj pfgbcsdfnm (I) / pfgbcfnm (pfgbie^ pfgbitim) dcgsirf A new ab initio Russian course

to start (car) for some reason to record flash

Say it is already on the blink. The door (ldthwf) won’t close properly (gkj[j pfrhsdftncz)& Say you called him a week ago to repair the door and now you have called him again. Reply in the affirmative. dspsdfnm (I) / dspdfnm (dspjde^ dspjdtim) (+ acc) leiyj jcnfyfdkbdfnmcz (I) / jcnfyjdbnmcz (II) dbltjvfuybnjajy

to call (s.one) stuffy to stop video recorder

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Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Çàâåñòè type verbs Most verbs which end with -cnb have a consonant mutation in all personal forms. These are first conjugation verbs: çàâåñòè (cn/l) - to start (car) z pfdtle vs pfdtl/v ns pfdtl/im ds pfdtl/nt jy/jyf pfdtl/n jyb pfdtlen

ïåðåâåñòè (cn/l) - to translate z gthtdtle vs gthtdtl/v ns gthtdtl/im ds gthtdtl/nt jy/jyf gthtdtl/n jyb gthtdtlen

For more details see the Grammar section.

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following text and note how the verbs are used. Answer the questions in Russian after the text, using the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. Rfr db[hm Vjq csy dctulf relf-nj cgtibn& Jy^ rfr db[hm& Djn b ctujlyz jy ghb,t;fk bp irjks^ gjtk yf [jle b e,t;fk yf nhtybhjdre gj ntyybce& D cgtirt jy dctulf xnj-nj hjyztn^ hfpkbdftn^ gfxrftn^ hfccsgftn^ hfp,bdftn^ jghjrblsdftn bkb ghj;buftn& Jy e,t;fk yf nhtybhjdre^ f z [j;e gj ljve b^ rfr cgfcfntkmyfz rjvfylf^ ecnhfyz. gjcktlcndbz «db[hz». Z pf[j;e yf re[y. b db;e% gjrf jy tk^ jy hfpkbk cjr b hfccsgfk cjkm^ bcgfxrfk crfnthnm b cfkatnre vfqjytpjv^ ehjybk yf gjk nfhtkre b hfp,bk t/^ jghjrbyek cnek b ghj;/u re[jyyjt gjkjntywt& Vjq csy j,tlfk dctuj ldflwfnm vbyen^ f z ghbdjlbkf re[y. d gjhzljr wtksq xfc& Vyt yfljtkj nhfnbnm cnjkmrj vyjuj dhtvtyb yf e,jhre^ gjýnjve z htibkf crfpfnm csye dtxthjv^ xnj c pfdnhfiytuj lyz jy cfv ,eltn e,bhfnm pf cj,jq& Vj;tn ,snm^ ýnj yfexbn tuj ,snm ,jktt frrehfnysv& 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6&

Gjxtve vfnm chfdybdftn cdjtuj csyf c db[htv$ Xnj dctulf ghjbc[jlbn^ rjulf jy cgtibn$ Gjxtve vfnm chfdybdftn ct,z cj cgfcfntkmyjq rjvfyljq$ Xnj edbltkf vfnm yf re[yt$ Crjkmrj dhtvtyb jyf ghbdjlbkf re[y. d gjhzljr$ Xnj jyf htibkf cltkfnm dtxthjv b gjxtve$

Note: hfpkbnm and hfp,bnm are first conjugation verbs and have the vowel o and a soft sign in all personal forms; e.g. z hfpjkm./hfpj,m.^ ns hfpjkm/im/hfpj,m/im^ jy/jyf hfpjkm/n/hfpj,m/n^ vs hfpjkm/v/hfpj,m/v^ jyb hfpjkm.n/hfpj,m.n& HfccÏgfnm is also a first conjugation verb, but it conjugates as follows: z hfccsgk.^ ns hfccsgktim^ jy/jyf hfccsgktn^ vs hfccsgktv^ ds hfccsgktnt^ jyb hfccsgk.n& db[hm (m) yf [jle d cgtirt nhtybhjdrf hjyznm (I) / ehjybnm (II) hfpkbdfnm(I) / hfpkbnm (hfpjkm.^ hfpjkm/im) (bc-)gfxrfnm (I) hfccsgánm (hfccsgk.^ hfccsgktim) / hfccÏgfnm (I) hfp,bdfnm (I) / hfp,bnm (hfpj,m.^ hfpj,m/im) jghjrblsdfnm (I) / jghjrbyenm (jghjrbye^ jghjrbytim)

352

whirlwind on the move in (his) haste training session to drop to spill (liquid) to make dirty to spill (dry goods) to break (glass etc.) to knock over

ghj;bufnm (I) / ghj;txm (ghj;ue^ ghj;;/im) (past ghj;/u) cgfcfntkmyfz rjvfylf ecnhfyznm (I) / ecnhfybnm (II) gjcktlcndbt crfnthnm (f) re[jyyjt gjkjntywt ghbdjlbnm (ghbdj;e^ ghbdjlbim) / ghbdtcnb (ghbdtle^ ghbdtl/im) d gjhzljr vyt yfljtkj e,jhrf c pfdnhfiytuj lyz frrehfnysq

to burn rescue team to eliminate consequence tablecloth tea towel to put in order I am fed up cleaning as of tomorrow careful

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

spilt some wine

broke a plate

knocked over a glass

dropped a plate

spilt some sugar

dirtied the broke a tablecloth glass

burnt the napkin

ü

1 2 3 4 5 6

Chapter 18

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the dialogues in which people apologize for doing something wrong and tick what happened in each case. Do not expect to understand every word.

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Play the role of A and imagine that you have done the things listed below. Apologize to your partner who will choose the appropriate reply from those listed under B. Change roles each time. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. A spilt the tea torn the tablecloth burnt the carpet knocked over a vase dirtied the sofa broken a wine glass dropped and broken a plate scratched the table spilt the washing powder

never mind not to worry it could happen to anyone oh dear! that’s a pity how did that happen? you are so clumsy that’s all right it happens

B

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following text about the new year and fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verb ‘to put’, or with cnjznm^ kt;fnm^ cbltnm or dbctnm, which you met in Chapter Fifteen. If necessary, you may use a dictionary to help you with this text. Ctujlyz nhblwfnm gthdjt ltrf,hz& Yjdsq ujl - vjq k.,bvsq ghfplybr^ b r yfv dctulf ghb[jlzn d ujcnb lhepmz& Djn b ctujlyz d djctvm xfcjd dtxthf r yfv ghblen ujcnb& Vs c ve;tv ,skb pfyzns wtksq ltym& Enhjv^ gjrf jy [jlbk gjregfnm /kre^ z [jlbkf d vfufpby pf ghjlernfvb& Gjnjv vs dvtcnt erhfifkb /kre b e,bhfkb rdfhnbhe& Vs _______________ yf /kre yjdjujlybt buheirb^ f gjl /kre _______________ gjlfhrb lkz dct[ yfib[ ujcntq& Vs ghjgsktcjcbkb rjdhs^ dsnthkb gskm b gjvskb gjk& Ntgthm d rdfhnbht xbcnj b e.nyj& Xnj,s dctv ,skj elj,yj cbltnm^ vs _______________ cnjk gjcthtlbyt rjvyfns^ f xnj,s ,skj ,jkmit vtcnf^ vs dsytckb bp rjvyfns kbiy.. vt,tkm& J,sxyj ntktdbpjh _______________ d euke jrjkj ,fkrjyf^ yj ntgthm nfv _______________ /krf^ f ldf rhtckf b ;ehyfkmysq cnjkbr ctqxfc _______________ d cgfkmyt& ,jrfk cfkatnrf yt djkyeqcz/djkyeqntcm yt gtht;bdfq(nt) ybxtuj ,sdftn A new ab initio Russian course

wine glass napkin don’t worry not to worry never mind it happens

ckexfqyj 'nj cj dczrbv vj;tn ckexbnmcz ujcgjlb / ,j;t vjq ;fkm dc/ d gjhzlrt (gj-)wfhfgfnm (I)

by accident it can happen to anyone oh dear, oh god that’s a pity that’s all right to scratch

353

Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Gjnjv z ujnjdbkf e;by^ f vjq ve; yfrhsdfk yf cnjk& Jy _______________ nfhtkrb b ,jrfks lkz dbyf^ _______________ yj;b^ dbkrb b kj;rb^ gjcthtlbyt cnjkf jy _______________ dfpe c wdtnfvb^ f cktdf jn nfhtkjr _______________ cfkatnrb& To/ yf cnjkt _______________ cdtxb b _______________ jnrhsnrb lkz rf;ljuj ujcnz& Pdjyzn d ldthm& Djn b ujcnb! Vs jnrhsdftv ldthm b ghbukfiftv b[ djqnb& D ghb[j;tq ievyj b ntcyj& Dct cybvf.n gfkmnj b ifgrb^ _______________ b[ yf dtifkre b ghj[jlzn d rjvyfne& Ltnb chfpe ;t gj,t;fkb r /krt^ r gjlfhrfv^ yj b[ to/ ytkmpz jnrhsdfnm& Jyb ljk;ys _______________ gjl /krjq lj ldtyflwfnb xfcjd yjxb& Vs dct ctkb pf cnjk^ gje;byfkb b cj cvt[jv b hfpujdjhfvb ghjdjlbkb cnfhsq ujl& B djn xfcs ,m.n ldtyflwfnm hfp& Vs jnrhsdftv ,enskre ifvgfycrjuj& C Yjdsv Ujljv! C yjdsv cxfcnmtv! Gjnjv vs jnrhsdfkb gjlfhrb^ buhfkb d hfpyst buhs b nfywtdfkb&

Christmas and New Year in Russia The Russian Christmas (Hj;ltcndj) falls on 7th January according to the Julian Calendar. It is not widely observed; the main celebration being on New Year’s Eve (yjdjujlyzz yjxm) when a tree (yjdjujlyzz /krf) is decorated. Presents are exchanged at midnight amidst general celebration with fireworks etc. Small children have to wait until morning to find out what they have received from Ltl Vjhjp (Grandfather Frost), the Russian equivalent of Father Christmas. He is usually helped by his granddaughter Cytuehjxrf (the Snow Maiden). The tree generally remains in place until the old style New Year or 15th January.

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the text from Activity Twenty again and indicate whether the following statements are True (G) or False (Y)& Where you have put Y write out the correct version in Russian. The first one is done for you. 1.

We put all the presents under the tree. (Ytn^ vs gjkj;bkb dct gjlfhrb gjl /kre)

2.

We hoovered the carpets, dusted the flat and washed the floors. (_______________________________________________________)

______

3.

We put the table in the corner of the room. (_______________________________________________________)

______

4.

Usually the television set is by the window. (_______________________________________________________)

______

5.

Our Christmas tree is in the corner by the balcony. (_______________________________________________________)

______

/krf rjd/h (rjdhs) d eujk (movement), d euke (location) (+gen )

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Christmas tree carpet(s) in the corner (of)

__Y__

gjcthtlbyt (+gen ) jcnfnmcz (jcnfyecm^ jcnfytimcz) (pf)

in the middle (of) to remain

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

My husband put the vase of flowers in the middle of the table. (_______________________________________________________)

______

7.

He put the napkins on the right by the plates. (_______________________________________________________)

______

8.

There are also chocolates on the table and a flower for each guest. (_______________________________________________________)

______

9.

Our guests put their coats and hats on the sofa. (_______________________________________________________)

______

10. The presents should remain under the tree until twelve p.m. (_______________________________________________________)

______

Chapter 18

6.

GRAMMAR THE PRONOUN ‘-SELF’ The pronoun cfv declines as follows: Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

masculine cfv cfv/cfv-juó cfv-juó cfv-jvå cfv-¿v j cfv-óv

feminine cfv-á cfv-å/cfv-j/* cfv-óq cfv-óq cfv-óq/-ó. j cfv-óq

neuter cfv-ó cfv-ó cfv-juó cfv-jvå cfv-¿v j cfv-óv

plural cáv-b cáv-b/cfv-¿[ cfv-¿[ cfv-¿v cfv-¿vb j cfv-¿[

* The Accusative feminine ñàìî¸ is an old-fashioned literary form, but it is still used in phrases with the pronoun ñåáÿ; e.g. ytyfdbltnm/k.,bnm ñàìî¸ ñåáÿ - hate/love oneself. Ñàì is an emphatic pronoun and may precede or follow a noun: z gthtlfk(f) gjcskre ñàìîé Ìàðèíå (or Ìàðèíå ñàìîé) - I passed the parcel to Marina herself When used with another pronoun it normally follows that pronoun: z hfpujdfhbdfk(f) c íèì ñàìèì - I talked to him himself Ñàì agrees with other pronouns and nouns in case, gender and number. Note: do not confuse ñàì and ñåáÿ

jy regbk ct,t ikzge - he bought himself a hat jy ñàì regbk ikzge - he himself bought a hat CFV and CšVSQ Note that the above pronouns differ in declension and use. Ñáìûé indicates precise location; e.g. vs ;bd/v d cfvjv wtynht ujhjlf - we live in the very centre of the town f ntgthm gjdnjhb dc/ c cávjuj yfxfkf - and now repeat everything from the very beginning vs gjljikb r cávjq djlt - we went right up to the water. A new ab initio Russian course

355

Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Cávsq is always stressed on the stem: masculine Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

cávsq cávsq/cávjuj cávjuj cávjve cávsv j cávjv

feminine

neuter

plural

cávfz cáve. cávjq cávjq cávjq j cávjq

cávjt cávjt cávjuj cávjve cávsv j cávjv

cávst cávst/cávs[ cávs[ cávsv cávsvb j cávs[

Note: the phrase njn ;t cfvsq (nf ;t cfvfz^ nj ;t cfvjt^ nt ;t cfvst) means ‘the same’; e.g. jy gjdnjhbk njn ;t cfvsq djghjc ldf;ls - he repeated the same question twice; yfv yhfdbncz nf ;t cfvfz vepsrf - we like the same music; pltcm dc/ nj ;t cfvjt - everything is the same here; e yfc nt ;t cfvst bynthtcs - we have the same interests. The phrase njn cfvsq (nf cfvfz^ nj cfvjt^ nt cfvst) means ‘the very’; e.g. 'nj njn cfvsq xtkjdtr^ c rjnjhsv ns [jntk(f) gjpyfrjvbnmcz - this is the very person you wanted to meet; 'nj nj cfvjt jpthj^ j rjnjhjv z ujdjhbk dfv - this is the very lake I told you about; z regbk(f) ne cfve. gkfcnbyre^ rjnjhe. ns [jntk - I bought the very record you wanted; 'nj nt cfvst k.lb^ rjnjhst cghfibdfkb j nt,t - these are the very people who asked about you.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

She said, “I want to try to do it myself”. We built this house ourselves. He always does everything himself. She decided to repair the washing machine herself. They did not want to renovate their flat themselves. You must translate this text yourself. (formal) We saw the singer herself. The director himself told us about it. I myself was not there, I was away on holiday. The bus goes all the way to the village. He always wants to sit in the very centre of the first row. We did not stop talking all the way home. NFRJQ (:T)

The pronoun òàêîé (such) has stressed ending in all forms and declines as follows: Nom Acc Gen Dat Instr Prep

masculine nfróq nfróq/nfróuj nfróuj nfróve nfr¿v j nfróv

feminine nfráz nfrå. nfróq nfróq nfróq j nfróq

neuter nfrót nfrót nfróuj nfróve nfr¿v j nfróv

plural nfr¿t nfr¿t/nfr¿[ nfr¿[ nfr¿v nfr¿vb j nfr¿[

òàêîé bynthtcysq abkmv - such an interesting film ctujlyz òàêàÿ [jhjifz gjujlf - today is such good weather jy yfgbcfk vyt òàêîå lkbyyjt gbcmvj - he wrote me such a long letter e yt/ òàêèå uhecnyst ukfpf - she has such sad eyes 356

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

d òàêîì ckexft ghb òàêèõ j,cnjzntkmcndf[ òàêèì j,hfpjv lj òàêîé cntgtyb òàêîé-czrjq òàêîé-nj

in that case in the(se) / such circumstances thus to such an extent so-and-so so-and-so; such-and-such

The phrase òàêîé æå means ‘the same (as), the same sort/type of ’; e.g. jyb regbkb òàêóþ æå vfibye^ rfr e yfc - they bought the same type of car as we have.

Chapter 18

The following phrases with nfrjq may prove useful:

Note: the adverb òàê is related to òàêîé and means ‘so, thus’; e.g. jy òàê ecnfk^ xnj chfpe pfcyek - he got so tired that he fell asleep immediately; ctujlyz òàê [jkjlyj^ xnj z htibkf yt ds[jlbnm bp ljvf - it is so cold today that I’ve decided not to leave the house.

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Translate the following into English. 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7&

Vs regbkb ne cfve. rybue^ rjnjhe. ds htrjvtyljdfkb& Jy k.,bn xbnfnm ne ;t cfve. rybue ytcrjkmrj hfp& "nj nj cfvjt gkfnmt^ rjnjhjt ,skj yf vyt d ltym yfitq dcnhtxb& Z yt k.,k. xfcnj yfltdfnm nj ;t cfvjt gkfnmt& Tve gjlfhbkb njn cfvsq vjnjwbrk^ j rjnjhjv jy vtxnfk& E ytuj dc/ to/ njn ;t cfvsq vjnjwbrk^ rjnjhsq e yfc ,sk ltcznm ktn yfpfl& Pltcm ybxtuj yt bpvtybkjcm% dc/ nt ;t rfhnbys dbczn yf cntyf[^ nj ;t gbfybyj cnjbn e jryf^ lf;t njn ;t rjn kt;bn yf lbdfyt& 8& Yfrjytw z edbltk nt pyfvtybnst rfhnbys^ htghjlerwbb rjnjhs[ cnjkmrj hfp dbltk d rybuf[& 9& E yb[ nfrjq [jhjibq ljv! 10& Z dctulf vtxnfk j nfrjq vfibyt& 11& Z nfr ljkuj ;lfk fdnj,ec^ xnj cjdthityyj pfv/hp& VERBS WITH CONSONANT MUTATION I. First conjugation verbs (ïèñàòü type) with consonant mutation in all forms. These verbs all end with -àòü, and do not retain the suffix -a in the personal forms. They mostly have a mobile stress (it changes from the ending to the stem after the first person singular), and they all undergo consonant mutation: c>i gbcánm (to write) z gbiå ns g¿itim jy(f) g¿itn vs g¿itv ds g¿itnt jyb g¿ien

htghjlerwbz cjdthityyj

p>; crfpánm (to say) crf;å crá;tim crá;tn crá;tv crá;tnt crá;en

reproduction completely

A new ab initio Russian course

l>; ukjlánm (to gnaw) ukj;å ukó;tim ukó;tn ukó;tv ukó;tnt ukó;en

u>; ld¿ufnm (to move) ld¿;e ld¿;tim ld¿;tn ld¿;tv ld¿;tnt ld¿;en

n>x itgnánm (to whisper) itgxå iügxtim iügxtn iügxtv iügxtnt iügxen

pfvthpfnm (I) / pfv/hpyenm (pfv/hpye^ pfv/hpytim) (past pfv/hp^ pfvthpkf)

to freeze

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Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

[> i

cr > o

r>x

n>o

vf[ánm (to wave) z vfiå ns váitim jy(f) váitn vs váitv ds váitnt jyb váien

bcránm (to seek) boå ¿otim ¿otn ¿otv ¿otnt ¿oen

gkárfnm* (to cry) gkáxe gkáxtim gkáxtn gkáxtv gkáxtnt gkáxen

[ktcnánm (to lash, whip) [ktoå [küotim [küotn [küotv [küotnt [küoen

, > ,k^ v > vk^ g > gk lhtvánm (to doze) lhtvkø lhüvktim lhüvktn lhüvktv lhüvktnt lhüvk.n

* gkárfnm has a fixed stress on the stem.

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing Conjugate the following verbs which follow the patterns above. hfccrfpánm (pf) ,jhvjnánm/ghj,jhvjnánm dzpánm/cdzpánm cÏgfnm (imp) rjkt,ánmcz kbpánm (imp) vápfnm/yfvápfnm* gh§nfnm/cgh§nfnm* hüpfnm/gjhüpfnm* njgnánm/pfnjgnánm [j[jnánm/pf[j[jnánm xtcánm/gjxtcánm otrjnánm/gjotrjnánm

to tell to mutter to knit, tie to pour to hesitate to lick to spread, smear, oil, grease to hide to cut, slice to trample (down) to laugh loudly to scratch to tickle

* These verbs have a fixed stress on the stem.

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps using the verbs given in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate the sentences into English. 1& Rnj (bcrfnm)^ njn dctulf yfql/n& 2& Vfktymrbt ltnb xfcnj (gkfrfnm) gj yjxfv& 3& Yfi rjn jxtym k.,bn^ rjulf tve (xtcfnm) pf e[jv& 4& Z ctqxfc (yfhtpfnm) [kt,^ (yfvfpfnm) tuj vfckjv b cltkf. ,enth,hjls c cshjv& 5& Jy xfcnj xnj-nj (,jhvjnfnm) dj cyt& 6&
358

a person who ... to tickle (its) ears in one’s sleep puppy

,jr ghtktcnysq xedcndj jcnjhj;yj

side charming feeling careful S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(i) Most verbs in -òè with preceding -c- have a consonant mutation in their personal forms. They also have fixed stress (as in the infinitive): gthtdtcn¿* (to translate) z gthtdtlå ns gthtdtl/im jy(f) gthtdtl/n vs gthtdtl/v ds gthtdtl/nt jyb gthtdtlån

cn > l ,htcn¿* (to wander) ,htlå ,htl/im ,htl/n ,htl/v ,htl/nt ,htlån

dtcn¿* (to lead) dtlå dtl/im dtl/n dtl/v dtl/nt dtlån

pfdtcn¿* (to start) pfdtlå pfdtl/im pfdtl/n pfdtl/v pfdtl/nt pfdtlån

,k.cn¿* (to guard) ,k.lå ,k.l/im ,k.l/n ,k.l/v ,k.l/nt ,k.lån

Chapter 18

II. First conjugation verbs in -nb and -ñòü/-çòü (pfdtcnb type) with consonant mutation in all forms.

Other mutations are as follows: cn > , uhtcn¿* crhtcn¿* (to row) (to scour) z uht,å crht,å ns uht,/im crht,/im jy(f) uht,/n crht,/n vs uht,/v crht,/v ds uht,/nt crht,/nt jyb uht,ån crht,ån

vtcn¿** (to sweep) vtnå vtn/im vtn/n vtn/v vtn/nt vtnån

cn > n gktcn¿** (to plait) gktnå gktn/im gktn/n gktn/v gktn/nt gktnån

wdtcn¿ ** (to flower) wdtnå wdtn/im wdtn/n wdtn/v wdtn/nt wdtnån

ytcn¿* (to carry) ytcå ytc/im ytc/n ytc/v ytc/nt ytcån

cn > c gfcn¿* (to graze) gfcå gfc/im gfc/n gfc/v gfc/nt gfcån

* These verbs have an irregular masculine past tense, i.e. uhtcnb - uh/,^ crhtcnb - crh/,^ ytcnb - y/c& The feminine, neuter and plural past tenses are formed by adding - k and the appropriate endings to the masculine past tense; e.g. uh/, (uht,ká^ uht,kó^ uht,k¿)& ** The verbs vtcn¿^ gktcn¿ and wdtcn¿ have the past tenses v/k/vtká^ gk/k/gktká and wd/k/wdtká, respectively. Note that the verb hfcn¿ (to grow) is unusual in that it does not mutate at all: z hfcnå^ ns hfcn/im^ jy(f) hfcn/n^ vs hfcn/v^ ds hfcn/nt^ jyb hfcnån. The past tense of hfcnb is also irregular: hjc^ hjcká^ hjckó^ hjck¿& When -nb is preceded by -p- the following mutation occurs - pn > p: dtpn¿* (to convey) z dtpå ns dtp/im jy dtp/n vs dtp/v ds dtp/nt jyb dtpån

pn > p

gjkpn¿* (to crawl) gjkpå gjkp/im gjkp/n gjkp/v gjkp/nt gjkpån

* These verbs have an irregular masculine past tense, i.e. dtpnb - d/p (dtpká^ dtpkó^ dtpk¿); gjkpnb - gjkp (gjkpká^ gjkpkó^ gjkpk¿)&

A new ab initio Russian course

359

Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

(ii) Verbs in -ñòü/-çòü have the following consonant mutations in all personal forms: rkfcnm (to put) z rkflå ns rkfl/im jy(f) rkfl/n vs rkfl/v ds rkfl/nt jyb rkflån

cn > l ctcnm (to sit down) c§le c§ltim c§ltn c§ltv c§ltnt c§len

rhfcnm (to steal) rhflå rhfl/im rhfl/n rhfl/v rhfl/nt rhflån

cn > y rkzcnm (to curse) rkzyå rkzy/im rkzy/n rkzy/v rkzy/nt rkzyån

ktpnm* (to climb) küpe küptim küptn küptv küptnt küpen

cn > p uhspnm* (to gnaw) uhspå uhsp/im uhsp/n uhsp/v uhsp/nt uhspån

* These verbs have an irregular masculine past tense, i.e. ktpnm - ktp (küpkf^ küpkj^ küpkb)^ uhspnm - uhsp (uhÏpkf^ uhÏpkj^ uhÏpkb)& (iii) Verbs in -÷ü have the following consonant mutations in all personal forms:

,thüxm (to look after)

;txm (to burn)

z ,thtuå ns ,tht;/im jy(f) ,tht;/n vs ,tht;/v ds ,tht;/nt jyb ,thtuån

;ue ;;/im ;;/n ;;/v ;;/nt ;uen

ktxm (to lie down) k§ue k§;tim k§;tn k§;tv k§;tnt k§uen

x > u/;* vjxm ghtyt,hüxm (to be (to disdain) able) vjuå ghtyt,htuå vó;tim ghtyt,ht;/im vó;tn ghtyt,ht;/n vó;tv ghtyt,ht;/v vó;tnt ghtyt,ht;/nt vóuen ghtyt,htuån

cnhbxm (to cut [hair/nails]) cnhbuå cnhb;/im cnhb;/n cnhb;/v cnhb;/nt cnhbuån

yfgh§xm (to strain) yfghzuå yfghz;/im yfghz;/n yfghz;/v yfghz;/nt yfghzuån

* u mutates to æ before å/¸

dktxm (to attract, pull) z dktrå ns dktx/im jy(f) dktx/n vs dktx/v ds dktx/nt jyb dktrån

djkjxm** (to drag) djkjrå djkjx/im djkjx/n djkjx/v djkjx/nt djkjrån

gtxm (to bake) gtrå gtx/im gtx/n gtx/v gtx/nt gtrån

x > r/x* ctxm (to flog/beat) ctrå ctx/im ctx/n ctx/v ctx/nt ctrån

ntxm (to flow/leak) ntrå ntx/im ntx/n ntx/v ntx/nt ntrån

njkóxm (to crush) njkrå njkx/im njkx/n njkx/v njkx/nt njkrån

* r mutates to x before t// **djkóxm is a colloquial alternative to the regular second conjugation verb djkjx¿nm.

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps using the verbs given in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate the sentences into English. 1& Jy xnj-nj (itgnfnm) tq^ b jyf cxfcnkbdj eks,ftncz& 2& Vfnm cnjbn yf gkfnajhvt^ (gkfrfnm) b uhecnyj (vf[fnm) yfv dcktl& 3& Jyf dctulf dc/ (rkfcnm) yf cdjb vtcnf& 4&Dctulf rf;tncz^ xnj xe;bt ltnb (hfcnb) jxtym ,scnhj& 5&
S azov (Russian from Scratch )

III. Second conjugation verbs in -bnm and -tnm (ujdjhbnm type) with consonant mutation in the first person singular only. (i) verbs in -bnm have the following consonant mutations in the first person singular forms: , > ,k k.,¿nm (to love) z k.,kø ns kø,bim jy(f) kø,bn vs kø,bv ds kø,bnt jyb kø,zn

g > gk reg¿nm (to buy) regkø rågbim rågbn rågbv rågbnt rågzn

d > dk cnádbnm (to put) cnádk. cnádbim cnádbn cnádbv cnádbnt cnádzn

v > vk rjhv¿nm (to feed) rjhvkø róhvbim róhvbn róhvbv róhvbnt róhvzn

a > ak uhfa¿nm (to rule [paper]) uhfakø uháabim uháabn uháabv uháabnt uháazn

l>; ukálbnm (to iron) z uká;e ns ukálbim jy(f) ukálbn vs ukálbv ds ukálbnt jyb ukálzn

p>; kápbnm (to climb) ká;e kápbim kápbn kápbv kápbnt kápzn

c>i ghjc¿nm (to ask) ghjiå ghócbim ghócbn ghócbv ghócbnt ghóczn

cn > o vcnbnm (to avenge) voe vcnbim vcnbn vcnbv vcnbnt vcnzn

n>x gkfn¿nm (to pay) gkfxå gkánbim gkánbn gkánbv gkánbnt gkánzn

Chapter 18

(;txm) ce[bt kbcnmz& 10& Z jxtym ecnfkf b ,jkmit yt (vjxm) hf,jnfnm& 11& Tuj (dktxm) ujhs b gentitcndbz& 12& Rjulf xtuj-yb,elm jxtym ;l/im^ nj rf;tncz^ xnj lyb (gjkpnb) jxtym vtlktyyj&

(ii) verbs in -tnm have the following consonant mutations in the first person singular forms: v > vk ievünm (to make a noise) z ievkø ns iev¿im jy(f) iev¿n vs iev¿v ds iev¿nt jyb iev§n

g > gk [hfgünm (to snore) [hfgkø [hfg¿im [hfg¿n [hfg¿v [hfg¿nt [hfg§n

cn > o cdbcnünm (to whistle) cdboå cdbcn¿im cdbcn¿n cdbcn¿v cdbcn¿nt cdbcn§n

n>x ktnünm (to fly) ktxå ktn¿im ktn¿n ktn¿v ktn¿nt ktn§n

c>i dbcünm (to hang) dbiå dbc¿im dbc¿n dbc¿v dbc¿nt dbc§n

l>; cblünm (to sit) cb;å cbl¿im cbl¿n cbl¿v cbl¿nt cbl§n

Second conjugation verbs in -bnm and -tnm may have either a fixed stress or a mobile stress.

If the stress is on the final or penultimate syllable of the infinitive, it remains in the same position in all forms; e.g. cnádbnm - cnádk.^ cnádbim* ievünm - ievkø^ iev¿im&

Mobile stress: the final syllable of the infinitive and the first person singular are stressed, while elsewhere the penultimate syllable is stressed; e.g. k.,¿nm - k.,kø^ kø,bim&

uhecnyj vf[fnm (imp) (vfie^ vfitim) (+ instr) dcktl (+ dat) A new ab initio Russian course

sadly to wave after

xe;jq dfht;rf (gj-),hbnm (,ht.^ ,httim)

someone else’s mitten to shave

361

Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Writing Fill in the gaps, using the appropriate form of the verbs given in brackets. 1& Z jxtym (k.,bnm) dtcye& 2& - Rjulf ds (ktntnm) d Vjcrde$ - Z (ktntnm) pfdnhf& 3&Gfkmnj (dbctnm) yf dtifkrt& 4& Z e;t ljkuj (dbctnm) yf ntktajyt^ yflj pfrfyxbdfnm hfpujdjh& 5& Ctqxfc z hf,jnf.% (cbltnm) ljvf c ltnmvb^ (ujnjdbnm) j,tl^ (ukflbnm) ,tkm/^ (gsktcjcbnm) rjdhs^ jlybv ckjdjv - (cktlbnm) pf ljvjv& 6& Ctqxfc z (gjrjhvbnm) ht,/yrf b gjqle d vfufpby& 7& Jy ghjcnj (rbgtnm) uytdjv& 8& D rjvyfnt nb[j^ njkmrj z (crhbgtnm) gthjv gj ,evfut& 9& Z yt (nthgtnm) k;b b ytxtcnyjcnb& 10& Z (pfdbctnm) jn nt,z& 11& Pf jryjv (ievtnm) dtnth b km/n lj;lm& 12& Vs ljujdjhbkbcm^ xnj rjulf z (pfcdbcntnm)^ jy dsqltn bp erhsnbz&

Yt ,jknfq! (Don’t chatter!) = Yt dbcb yf ntktajyt! (Don’t stay on the phone!) dtifkrf dbctnm yf ntktajyt rbgtnm (imp) uytdjv crhbgtnm (imp) gthjv nthgtnm (imp) (nthgk.^ nthgbim) kj;m (f) ytxtcnyjcnm (f)

362

coat hanger, peg to be on the telephone to seethe with anger to scratch with a pen to tolerate, stand lie untruth, dishonesty

pfdbctnm (II) jn (+ gen) ievtnm (imp) (ievk.^ ievbim) km/n lj;lm ljujdjhbnmcz (II) (pf) pfcdbcntnm (pf) (pfcdboe^ pfcdbcnbim) dsqnb bp erhsnbz

to be dependent on to howl, make a noise it is pouring down to agree to begin to whistle to come out of hiding

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 19

Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER NINETEEN - ÄÅÂßÒÍÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ PERSONAL INFORMATION - ËÈ×ÍÀß ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈß In Chapter Nineteen you will learn how to do the following: 1. to talk about ages, weights and heights 2. to talk about people’s appearance 3. to talk about personality types You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. 2. 3. 4.

expressions of approximation the short forms of adjectives nouns in apposition the particle ëè

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Writing Look at the following pictures and write down the approximate age of the people illustrated. Use the model below as a guide. Jkmut ktn ldflwfnm (reversed word order) Olga is about twenty. Jkmut jrjkj ldflwfnb ktn (jrjkj + gen)

Ïîëèíà

Fhrflbq Gtnhjdbx

Cth/;f

Kblbz Bdfyjdyf

Vfrcbv

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following dialogue in pairs and indicate with a tick in the table after the dialogue the age of each person mentioned in the conversation. The first one is done for you. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the next page to help you. F - Rfr ns levftim^ crjkmrj ktn Vfhbb Gtnhjdyt$ < - Z levf.^ xnj tq ujlf nhblwfnm nhb& F - Z nj;t nfr levfkf^ yj ytlfdyj z epyfkf^ xnj tq e;t pf cjhjr& T/ csye Cfit e;t jrjkj gznyflwfnb ktn& < - Yte;tkb$ Jyf nfr [jhjij dsukzlbn& F - Lf^ jyf dsukzlbn vjkj;t cdjb[ ktn^ f djn t/ ctcnhf Cdtnkfyf dsukzlbn cnfhit cdjtuj djphfcnf& Crjkmrj ktn ns tq lfim$ < - Z ,s lfkf tq ktn ldflwfnm itcnm^ yj hfp ns ujdjhbim^ xnj jyf dsukzlbn cnfhit cdjb[ ktn^ nj^ vj;tn ,snm^ tq jrjkj ldflwfnb xtnsh/[ ktn& 364

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ytn^ tq njkmrj ldflwfnm ktn& F ns pyftim^ crjkmrj ktn b[ jnwe^ Dbrnjhe Bdfyjdbxe$ Z ,s lfkf tve ktn itcnmltczn gznm^ yj^ ujdjhzn^ xnj tve e;t ctvmltczn c xtv-nj& Lf^ tve ytlfdyj bcgjkybkjcm ctvmltczn ctvm ktn& Jy ghtrhfcyj dsukzlbn lkz cdjtuj djphfcnf&

name Maria

Petrovna

about 15 about 77 about over 40 about 24 20 about 65 over 70 26 33 ü

Chapter 19

F
Sasha

Svetlana

Victor Ivanovich

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Discuss with your partner the age of each person illustrated in Activity One, using the dialogue from Activity Two as a guide. Reverse roles after each picture. Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Listening Listen to the recording in which six people describe their relatives. Fill in the table below with the appropriate information. Some of the answers are given for you. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. k.lb ve; Vfhbys csy Jkmub ;tyf Bdfyf jntw Nfyb vfnm Nfyb ltleirf Cdtns ,f,eirf <jhb epyfdfnm (epyf.^ epyf/im) / epyfnm (I) pf cjhjr dsukzltnm (imp) (dsukz;e^ dsukzlbim) vjkj;t cdjb[ ktn

djphfcn

hjcn

dtc 4.5 rbkj

uk fpf ujke,st

djkj cs hecst

ptk/yst 60

ctlst kbcsq

to recognize

djkjcs [eljofdsq / [eljq over 40 ,h.ytn(rf) to look rehyjcsq [fhfrnth younger than dtcbnm (II) (imp) one’s years &&& c gjkjdbyjq djphfcn age rfhbq z ,s lfk(f) (+ dat) I would put ... at vzurbq ctvmltczn c xtv-nj over 70 hecsq tve bcgjkybkjcm &&& he’s just turned ... yf cdtnt lkz cdjtuj djphfcnf for one’s age cnhjqysq hjcn height chtlytuj djphfcnf âåñ weight ghb,kbpbntkmyj A new ab initio Russian course

hair thin, lean dark-haired person snub-nosed personality to weigh ... and a half brown (eyes) soft light-brown (hair) in the world well-proportioned (of) average height approximately

dscjrbq tall, high rf,ker heel c nheljv with difficulty (gj-)cnfhtnm to grow old (cnfht.^ -tim) ctljq grey (hair) gjkysq stout kscsq bald ujh,bnmcz (II) to stoop gj-ght;ytve as before (gj-)gjkytnm to grow stout (gjkyt.^ -tim) cthsq grey (eyes) n/vysq dark

365

Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Look at the chart below and complete it by converting the information into the metric system, using the table after the chart to help you. Then write the information for each person in Russian. The first one is done for you. Finally, listen to the tape to check your answers. name

height

weight

hjcn

dtc

John

6 ft 3 ins

14 st 2 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Mary

5 ft 5 ins

9 st

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Mike

5 ft 8 ins

10 st 5 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Helen

5 ft 7 ins

9 st 7 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Karen

5 ft 4 ins

8 st 7 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Anna

4 ft11 ins

6 st 10 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

Robert

5 ft 10 ins

12 st 7 lbs

&&& v &&& cv

&&& ru

1 in 12 ins 1 lb 2.2 lbs 1 st

= = = = =

2.5 cm 1 ft (30 cm) 450 gm 1 kg 14 lbs (6.4 kg)

1& Hjcn L;jyf ghb,kbpbntkmyj 1 vtnh 88 cfynbvtnhjd^ jy dtcbn 90 rbkjuhfvvjd& 2& Hjcn Vthb _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3& Hjcn Vfqrf ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4& Hjcn {tkty _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5& Hjcn Fyys _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6& Hjcn Hj,thnf _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 366

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Bodystat

Chapter 19

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Speaking Read the Body Statistics Report completed for Anna at the Sports Centre. Answer the questions after the report in Russian, using the vocabulary at the foot of the following page to help you.

GHFDLF J CJCNFDT DFITUJ NTKF JNX?N Èìÿ% Fyyf
Ðîñò% 1v 75cv

Äàòà% 12&10&02

Ðåçóëüòàòû% Äàííûå òåñòà

Ðåêîìåíäóåìûå äàííûå

;bh = 17&5% dtc ;bhf = 10&5 ru dtc rjcntq b vsiw = 49&5 ru j,obq dtc ntkf = 60 ru djlf = 59&5% j,]/v djls d ntkt = 35&7 k (=kbnhjd) ehjdtym abpbxtcrjq frnbdyjcnb%

21 - 27% 14 - 18 ru 47 - 51 ru 63 - 68 ru 50 - 60% 30 - 36 k íèçêèé, íbprbq/chtlybq, chtlybq, ñðåäíèé/âûñîêèé, î÷åíü âûñîêèé

Rjvvtynfhbb rjycekmnfynf% ds yf[jlbntcm d [jhjitq abpbxtcrjq ajhvt^ yj dfi dtc ytvyjuj yb;t yjhvs^ dfv ,jkmit yt cktletn nthznm dtc^ gjllth;bdfqnt tuj yf 'njv ehjdyt bkb gjghfdmntcm yf 3 ru&

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Ult b rjulf ghj[jlbkf ntcn Fyyf
A new ab initio Russian course

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Listening Look at the picture and then listen to the tape. You are going to hear one of the people in the picture speaking. Try to identify who is speaking after the first listening. Listen again and identify the other people, filling in the appropriate information in English in the table below the picture.

name

age

height

Inna Andrei Katya Nikita

cjcnfd ntkj jnx/n ,jlhjcnm (f) lfyyst htrjvtyletvsq ;bh rjcnm (f) vsiwf j,obq j,]/v ehjdtym (m) ybprbq

368

composition body report good spirits data recommended fat bone muscle general volume level low, short

eyes mother/father

hair

looks like

(+ dat) yt cktletn (gj-)nthznm (I) gjllth;bdfnm (I) / gjllth;fnm (II) gjghfdkznmcz (I) / gjghfdbnmcz (II) cjjòâåòñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (+ dat) ghj[jlbnm (II) (imp) cjcnfdkznm (I) / cjcnfdbnm (II) gjkyst ue,s eprbt ue,s áhjdm (f) / ,hjdb htcybwf / htcybws eyfcktljdfnm (III) (pf) gfhtym (m)

one ought not (to) to lose to maintain to put on weight to correspond (to) to take place to comprise full lips thin lips eyebrow(s) eyelash(es) to inherit boy(friend)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10& 11& 12&

Crjkmrj ktn Byyt b Fylht.$ Crjkmrj ktn b[ ctcnht Rfnt$ Rfrjuj jyb hjcnf$ Rfrjuj wdtnf ukfpf Ybrbns$ Rfrjuj jy hjcnf$ Yf rjuj jy gj[j;$ Yf rjuj gj[j;f Rfnz$ Rfrbt xthns jyf eyfcktljdfkf jn hjlbntktq$ Rfrbt djkjcs e Byys$ Yf rjuj jyf gj[j;f$ Crjkmrj ktn Ybrbnt$ Xnj jy k.,bn yjcbnm$

Chapter 19

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Listening/Writing Answer the questions in Russian using the information from the table in Activity Seven. Then listen to the tape again and complete the sentences which follow the questions. You should provide two pieces of information missing from the table about each person in the picture.

Missing Information 1. E Byys

a) ___________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________

2. E Fylhtz a) ___________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________ 3. E Rfnb

a) ___________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________

4. E Ybrbns a) ___________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________ Activity Nine - Låâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following story and answer the questions in Russian. Ltl^ ,f,f b Fk/if (>& Rjdfkm) Cgjhzn ltl lf* ,f,f^ yf rjuj gj[j; b[ dyer&
369

Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

- Dthyj^ dthyj^ z ,jkmit yf ltlf gj[j;&
Gjxtve vfkmxbr [jxtn ,snm gj[j;bv nj yf ,f,eire^ nj yf ltleire$ Xnj hfccrfpfk j ct,t ltleirf$ Xnj hfccrfpfkf j ct,t ,f,eirf$ Rfrbt xthns Fk/if eyfcktljdfk jn ltleirb$ Rfrbt xthns Fk/if eyfcktljdfk jn ,f,eirb$

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Ask your partner about any resemblances in his/her family, then swap roles. Use the questions in the box below as a guide. Note: Russians often ask from whom various physical and mental characteristics might have been inherited. The following are some of the most common questions:

Yf rjuj ns gj[j;(f)$ Yf rjuj gj[j;f ndjz ctcnhf^ yf vfve bkb yf gfge$ E nt,z ukfpf rfr e vfvs bkb rfr e gfgs$ F yf rjuj gj[j; ndjq jntw^ yf ltleire bkb yf ,f,eire$ D rjuj e nt,z nfrjq dscjrbq hjcn$ Yf rjuj ns gj[j;(f) [fhfrnthjv$ D rjuj ns nfrjq vepsrfkmysq$ Ns cjdctv yt gj[j;(f) yf cdjb[ hjlbntktq^ ns^ yfdthyjt d ltleire c ,f,eirjq$ evysq nheljk.,bdsq dthyj z dtcm d ,f,e ,jhjlf (ds-)hfcnb (hfcne^ hfcn/im)

370

clever, bright hard-working that’s right I am like my granny beard to grow (up)

- Who do you take after? - Does your sister take after your mother or your father? - Do you have your mother’s or father’s eyes? - Does your father take after your grandfather or grandmother? - From whom do your get your height? - From whom does your personality come? - From whom do you get your musical ability? - You don’t look like your parents at all; do you take after your grandparents?

(+ dat) pf[jntkjcm ytbpdtcnyj jy nfr ;t^ rfr b z^ &&& (jy) gjlevfk(-gjlevfk) elbdbntkmyj xthnf

... wanted it is uncertain he, like me, ... (he) thought a little it is amazing feature

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

U-ye Bdfyjde Vjcrdf Cfljdjt rjkmwj^ 12

Kjyljy 30 vfhnf 2003 u&

Chapter 19

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing You are going on a business trip to Russia. Write to a person you don’t know, asking him/her to meet you at the airport. Give a description of yourself in the letter. Read the letter below as a guide.

Edf;ftvsq ujcgjlby Bdfyjd! Cjj,of. Dfv^ xnj z ghb,sdf. d Vjcrde 5-uj fghtkz& Vjq cfvjk/n ghbktnftn d fýhjgjhn Ithtvtnmtdj - 2 htqcjv SU524 d 12&05& Gjcrjkmre ýnj vjq gthdsq dbpbn d Vjcrde^ z ,skf ,s jxtym ghbpyfntkmyf^ tckb ,s Ds cvjukb vtyz dcnhtnbnm& R cj;fktyb.^ e vtyz ytn gjl[jlzotq ajnjuhfabb^ yj Ds cvj;tnt epyfnm vtyz gj cktle.otve jgbcfyb.% vyt 29 ktn^ z chtlytuj hjcnf^ e vtyz rjhjnrbt n/vyst djkjcs b ujke,st ukfpf& Z ,ele jltnf d x/hysq rjcn.v c ujke,jq ,keprjq b cthsq gkfo& Pfhfytt Dfv ,kfujlfhyf^ lj crjhjq dcnhtxb& C edf;tybtv^ Vthb Cvbn Activity Twelve - Ldtyflwfnjt pflfybt Speaking/Reading Pairwork. Look at your partner and ask him or her questions about your appearance. Then reverse the roles. Use the following dialogue as a guide. F < F < F < F < F < F <

- Rfr ns levftim^ crjkmrj vyt ktn$ - Gj-vjtve^ nt,t ktn 20& - Lf^ vyt 20 ktn^ f rfrjq e vtyz hjcn$ - Ns ljdjkmyj dscjrjuj hjcnf& - Rfrjuj wdtnf vjb ukfpf$ - E nt,z cthst ukfpf& - F rfrbt e vtyz djkjcs$ - Ns ,kjylbyrf c lkbyysvb ghzvsvb djkjcfvb& - Dj xnj z jltnf$ - Ns jltnf d ujke,st l;bycs b cthsq cdbnth& - F dj xnj z j,enf$ - Ns j,enf d x/hyst neakb&

edf;ftvsq cjj,ofnm (I) / cjj,obnm (II) ghb,sdfnm (I) (imp) d (+ acc) gjcrjkmre dbpbn z ,skf ,s ghbpyfntkmyf^ tckb ,s ds cvjukb gjl[jlzobq A new ab initio Russian course

dear to inform to arrive (in) as visit I would be grateful if you could suitable

cktle.obq jgbcfybt z ,ele jltn(f) d (+ acc) ,keprf gkfo pfhfytt dfv ,kfujlfhyf lj crjhjq dcnhtxb z j,en(f) d (+ acc)

following description I will be wearing blouse raincoat thank you in advance see you soon I am wearing (on my feet)

371

Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Look at the pictures. The four people are: a singer, a painter, an actress and a politician. Discuss who is who. Use the dialogues below as a guide. I.

F - Z levf.^ xnj xtkjdtr yf gthdjq rfhnbyrt - gjkbnbr& < - Z c nj,jq yt cjukfcty/yt cjukfcyf& Jy ,jkmit gj[j; yf [elj;ybrf&

II. F - Vyt rf;tncz^ xnj ;tyobyf yf dnjhjq rfhnbyrt - frnhbcf& < - Z nj;t nfr levf.^ jyf dsukzlbn rfr frnhbcf&

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the description of two sisters’ personalities and fill in the gaps using the appropriate words from the box below. Listen to the tape to check your answers. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. x/hcndsq (hard)

cgjrjqysq (calm)

pfvryensq (reserved)

ýythubxysq (energetic)

jnrhsnsq (open)

jnpsdxbdsq (ready to help)

cthm/pysq (serious)

Íàøè õàðàêòåðû Vs c ctcnhjq jxtym gj[j;b dytiyt^ yj e yfc cjdthityyj hfpyst [fhfrnths& Z jxtym ______________ xtkjdtr^ vj;yj lf;t crfpfnm aktuvfnbxysq^ f ctcnhf - ______________ xtkjdtr^ jyf dctulf xnj-nj ltkftn^ yt gjcblbn cgjrjqyj yb vbyens& Z jxtym ______________ xtkjdtr^ yt k.,k. gjrfpsdfnm cdjb xedcndf lheubv^ f e ctcnhs ______________ [fhfrnth^ rfr ujdjhbncz^ xnj d leit^ nj b yf kbwt& Jyf jxtym ______________ xtkjdtr^ dctulf dctv gjvjuftn^ z ;t yt k.,k. dvtibdfnmcz d xe;bt ltkf^ yfdthyjt^ gjýnjve vtyz cxbnf.n ______________ xtkjdtrjv& Yj d jlyjv vs c ctcnhjq jxtym gj[j;b% vs ______________ b jndtncndtyyst k.lb^ dctulf ljdjlbv yfxfnjt ltkj lj rjywf& vs dytiyt gj[j;b cjdthityyj hfpysq aktuvfnbxysq gjcbltnm (pf) (gjcb;e^ gjcblbim) yb vbyens rfr ujdjhbncz xedcndj

372

we look alike completely different phlegmatic to sit (for a while) jndtncndtyysq not for a minute as the saying goes feeling

xnj d leit^ nj b yf kbwt dvtibdfnmcz (I) / dvtifnmcz (I) d (+ acc) xe;bt ltkf responsible ljdjlbnm (II) / ljdtcnb (ljdtle^ ljdtl/im) yfxfnjt ltkj lj rjywf

what one feels inside is also (written) on one’s face to interfere in other people’s business to complete something that has been started, see something through to the end S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter 19

Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Look at the adjectives in the box below. Do you know with which sign of the zodiac any of them are associated? Write them in the table as illustrated in the example. Then listen to the tape to check your answers and complete the table.* Add to the table any other adjectives which are associated with the signs but not included in the box. Use the vocabulary list at the foot of the page to help you. k.,jpyfntkmysq (curious)^ nheljk.,bdsq (hardworking)^ dcgskmxbdsq (fiery)^ cnhfcnysq (passionate)^ xtcnjk.,bdsq (ambitious), nthgbvsq (tolerant)^ wtktecnhtvk/yysq (purposeful)^ pf,jnkbdsq (caring)^ lbgkjvfnbxysq (diplomatic)^ edthtyysq (confident), ehfdyjdtityysq (well balanced), ghjybwfntkmysq (perceptive), ytnthgtkbdsq (impatient)

* Some of the adjectives on the tape are used in the short form; e.g. dcgskmxbd (hot-tempered). To produce the masculine short form, simply remove the masculine ending from the long form. T o produce the feminine, neuter and plural short forms, remove the final vowel from the ending. Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

Long form dcgskmxbd dcgskmxbd dcgskmxbd dcgskmxbd

Short form dcgskmxbd dcgskmxbd - f dcgskmxbd - j dcgskmxbd - s

- sq - fz - jt - st

Pyfr Pjlbfrf

Xthns [fhfrnthf

Jdty (21 vfhnf - 20 fghtkz) Ntktw (21 fghtkz - 21 vfz)
dcgskmxbdsq^

Jdty Ntktw
Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces typical impatient sensitive inclined to

A new ab initio Russian course

ytpfdbcbvsq yf[jlxbdsq j,obntkmysq ytecblxbdsq ljvjdbnsq edf;bntkmysq dpscrfntkmysq vepsrfkmysq fhnbcnbxysq djktdjq pyf.obq ,tcgjrjqysq jhufybpjdfyysq bccktljdfntkmcrfz hf,jnf k.,zobq

independent resourceful sociable restless thrifty respectful perfectionist musical artistic strong-willed learned turbulent (well) organized research work loving

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Work in small groups. Find out your partners’ star signs and whether their personalities conform to their star signs. Use the following model as a guide. - Rjulf ns hjlbkcz/hjlbkfcm$ - Z hjlbkcz/hjlbkfcm ldflwfnm gznjuj b.yz& - Pyfxbn ndjq pyfr Pjlbfrf - Hfr$ - Lf^ Hfr& - Rfr ns levftim^ ndjq [fhfrnth nbgbxty lkz Hfrjd$ - B lf^ b ytn& Yfghbvth^ z cxbnf.^ xnj z pf,jnkbdsq b xedcndbntkmysq xtkjdtr& (Ýnb xthns [fhfrnthys lkz vjtuj pyfrf^ yj z yt jxtym ltkjdbn(f)&) - F rfrbt xthns cdjtuj [fhfrnthf ns cxbnftim ytnbgbxysvb lkz ndjtuj pyfrf Pjlbfrf$ - Z jxtym ytecblxbd(f)^ f ýnf xthnf ljk;yf ,snm nbgbxyf lkz
374

Pyfr Pjlbfrf

Ltym hj;ltybz

Jdty

19 fghtkz - 13 vfz

Ntktw

14 vfz - 22 b.yz


23 b.yz - 21 b.kz

Hfr

22 b.kz - 10 fduecnf

Ktd

11 fduecnf - 16 ctynz,hz

Ltdf

17 ctynz,hz - 31 jrnz,hz

Dtcs

1 yjz,hz - 23 yjz,hz

Crjhgbjy

24 yjz,hz - 29 yjz,hz

Jab.rec

30 yjz,hz - 17 ltrf,hz

Cnhtktw

18 ltrf,hz - 19 zydfhz

Rjpthju

20 zydfhz - 17 atdhfkz

Djljktq

18 atdhfkz - 12 vfhnf

Hs,s

13 vfhnf - 18 fghtkz S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Djghjcybr - Dkbztn kb yf Dfc yjdsq pyfr $

F < D U L

° Xnj ds cxbnftnt yfb,jktt pf[dfnsdf.obv pfyznbtv$ F Ghs;rb d djle c ,jkmijq dscjns < Gjwtkeb k.,bvjuj xtkjdtrf D Exfcnbt d fdnjujyrt U
Vskmyst jgths Abkmvs j ghbhjlt Lbcreccbb Xfn-ije
­ Rfrjd dfi bltfkmysq ljv$ F < D U L

Gkfdexbq ljv bkb fdnjghbwtg Rdfhnbhf d wtynht ujhjlf :bkrjveyyf c lhepmzvb Cnfhsq ljvbr d nb[jq lthtdyt Ljv ytj,sxyjq fh[bntrnehs

Chapter 19

¬ Xnj ds cvjnhbnt gj ND$

± Rfrjdf dfif pfdtnyfz wtkm$ F < D U L

Dtcnb bynthtcysq j,hfp ;bpyb Bvtnm ecgtiye. rfhmthe Pfybvfnmcz xtv-nj gjktpysv Dc/ dhtvz exbnmcz xtve-nj yjdjve Bvtnm ,jkmie. dkfcnm

® Rfre. bp cktle.ob[ ghjatcbbq ds ² Jn xtuj d ;bpyb ds ,s vjukb ghb ,s ds,hfkb$ F
¯ Rfrjt rfxtcndj yfb,jktt df;yj lkz dfc$ F J,fzybt < Gjllth;rf D Cghfdtlkbdjcnm U Byntkktrnefkmyst cgjcj,yjcnb L Ghbdktrfntkmyfz dytiyjcnm

ytj,[jlbvjcnb jnrfpfnmcz$ F Lhepmz < Hf,jnf D Vepsrf U Htkbubz L Nt[ybxtcrbt chtlcndf

³ Xnj ,s hfccthlbkj dfc ,jkmit dctuj d gfhny/ht$ F Ytdsgjkytyyjt j,tofybt lheuf < Edjkmytybt c hf,jns D Ytdsgjkytyyst j,tofybz gjkbnbrjd U <jktpym lheuf L Rnj-nj^ xbnf.obq dfib gbcmvf ,tp cghjcf

Gjlcx/n jxrjd (Total points) - Dkbzybt Jab.recf yf dfc (The influence of Ophiucus on you)

1. F=2 <=1 D=0 U=1 L=1 4. F=0 <=2 D=2 U=1 L=1 7. F=0 <=2 D=1 U=2 L=1

2. 5. 8.

F=1 <=2 D=1 U=0 L=1 F=0 <=1 D=1 U=2 L=1 F=1 <=0 D=2 U=2 L=1

3. F=2 <=0 D=0 U=2 L=1 6. F=2 <=0 D=1 U=0 L=1

Tckb ds yf,hfkb jn 0 lj 6 jxrjd% Ds ghbyflkt;bnt r cnfhjq cbcntvt Pjlbfrf& Ds yt k.,bnt hbcrjdfnm b ghtlgjxbnftnt blnb gj ;bpyb pyfrjvjq ljhjujq& Yjdsq pyfr yt jrfpsdftn yf dfc ceotcndtyyjuj dkbzybz& Tckb ds yf,hfkb jn 7 lj 11 jxrjd% Ds yf[jlbntcm yf gthtrh/cnrt cnfhjuj b yjdjuj& Yjdsq pyfr jrfpsdftn yf dfc chfdybntkmyj cbkmyjt dkbzybt^ d htpekmnfnt xtuj ds cnfhftntcm ghbvbhbnm hfpyst xthns cdjtuj [fhfrnthf& Tckb ds yf,hfkb jn 12 lj 16 jxrjd% Yjdsq pyfr jrfpsdftn yf dfc jxtym cbkmyjt dkbzybt& Vyjubt xthns dfituj cnfhjuj pyfrf ntgthm elbdkz.n dfc& Ds cnhtvbntcm r yjdsv djpvj;yjcnzv b r yjdjve ,eleotve^ byjulf hbcrez cdjtq ,tpjgfcyjcnm.& Crjkmrj e dfc jndtnjd L$ Dscjrjt xbckj jndtnjd L erfpsdtn yf cbkmyjt dkbzybt Jab.recf& Xtv yb;t ýnj xbckj^ ntv vtymit tuj dkbzybt& A new ab initio Russian course

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking/Writing Groupwork. Interview people in your group and fill in the table below as in the example. Bvz/ltym hj;ltybz Fyyf/12 vfz

ltkjdbnsq ytecblxbdsq gj[j;t^ xnj rfr endth;lf.n fcnhjyjvs dsltkznm (I) / dsltkbnm (II) ytceobq pvbz

Cnfhsq pyfr/xthns [fhfrnthf Ntktw wtktecnhtvk/yysq^ yf[jlxbdsq^ ghjybwfntkmysq

efficient not persevering it seems that as the astronomers claim to assign serpent -bearer (Biblical) creativity spiritual life star(s) to replace (oneself) to indicate

ndjhxtcndj le[jdyfz ;bpym pdtplf / pd/pls pfvtyznm (I) / pfvtybnm (II) (cj,jq) erfpsdfnm (I) / erfpfnm (erf;e^ erf;tim) cnhtvbnmcz (imp) (cnhtvk.cm / to strive for, cnhtvbimcz) r (+ dat) aim for gj lfyyjq yb;t nf,kbwt according to the table below jghtltkznm (I) / jghtltkbnm to determine (II) yfcrjkmrj cbkmyj how strong gkfdexbq ljv houseboat (;bkjq) fdnjghbwtg caravan ;bkrjvveyf commune ds,bhfnm (I) / ds,hfnm to choose (ds,the^ ds,th/im) j,fzybt charm gjllth;rf support(iveness) cghfdtlkbdjcnm (f) fairness byntkktrnefkmysq intellectual cgjcj,yjcnb abilities ghbdktrfntkmysq attractive dytiyjcnm (f) appearance pf[dfnsdf.obq exciting c ,jkmijq dscjns from a great height

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Yjdsq pyfr/xthns [fhfrnthf Jdty - dcgskmxbdsq^ ytnthgtkbdsq^ ytpfdbcbvsq

kiss car race throwing outstanding ambition power in case of necessity to turn out to be

gjwtkeq fdnjujyrf ,hjcfybt pfdtnyfz wtkm (f) dkfcnm (f) ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb jrfpsdfnmcz (I) / jrfpfnmcz (jrf;ecm^ jrf;timcz) nt[ybxtcrbt chtlcndf ytdsgjkytyysq j,tofybt edjkmytybt c hf,jns ,tp cghjcf yf,bhfnm (I) / yf,hfnm (yf,the^ yf,th/im) jxrb ghbyflkt;fnm (ghbyflkt;e^ ghbyflkt;bim) (imp only) r (+ dat) jrfpsdfnm (I) jrfpfnm (jrf;e^ jrf;tim) dkbzybt yf (+ acc) hbcrjdfnm (III) (imp) (+ instr) ceotcndtyysq gthtrh/cnjr chfdybntkmyj (gj-)cnfhfnmcz (I) ghbvbhznm (I) / ghbvbhbnm (II) elbdkznm (I) / elbdbnm (elbdk.^ elbdbim) ,tpjgfcyjcnm (f) xtv yb;t &&&^ ntv vtymit &&&

technology unfulfilled promise dismissal from work, redundancy without permission to pick up points to belong to to exert an influence on to risk (s.th.) vital, important crossroads comparatively to try to reconcile to surprise safety the lower …, the less …

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

- Fyyf^ ns cjukfcyf cj cdjtq [fhfrnthbcnbrjq gj yjdjve pyfre$ - B lf^ b ytn& Z cxbnf.^ xnj njkmrj jlyf xthnf [fhfrnthf gj yjdjve pyfre nbgbxyf lkz vtyz& - B rfrfz 'nj xthnf$ - Gj-vjtve^ z jxtym ytpfdbcbvf^ yj^ vyt rf;tncz^ xnj z nthgtkbdf b cgjrjqyf& - F xnj ns levftim j cdjtq [fhfrnthbcnbrt gj cnfhjve pyfre$ - Z gjkyjcnm. c ytq cjukfcyf&

Chapter 19

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Speaking Pairwork. Find out your partner ’s opinion of the results of the analysis of his/her personality from the interview in Activity Eighteen, using the model below.

GRAMMAR THE SHORT FORM OF ADJECTIVES

Most qualitative adjectives have long and short forms. However, relative adjectives which denote inherent characteristics have long forms only; e.g. lthtdzyysq (denotes material), ytltkmysq (denotes time), pfhe,t;ysq (denotes place) etc. The masculine short form is produced by removing the whole of the masculine ending from the long form. The feminine, neuter and plural short forms are produced by removing the final vowel of the endings: Gender Masculine Feminine Neuture Plural

Long form cgjrjqy - sq cgjrjqy - fz cgjrjqy - jt cgjrjqy - st

Short form cgjrjty* cgjrjqy - f cgjrjqy - j cgjrjqy - s

* The fill vowels -å- or -î- may occasionally appear in the stem of a masculine short-form adjective. Their

function is to break up the consonant cluster left after the removal of the full-form masculine ending; e.g.

,jkmy - îé (,jkty)^ bynthtcy - ûé (bynthtcty)^ rjhjnr - èé (rjhjnjr)& The fill vowel -å- usually

replaces a soft sign or é, whereas the fill vowel -î- splits the consonant clusters ending in ã^ ê& There are a small number of adjectives with the fill vowel /: jcnhsq cbkmysq evysq [bnhsq

sharp

strong

clever

cunning

jcn/h (jcnhf^ jcnhj^ jcnhs) cbk/y (cbkmyf^ cbkmyj^ cbkmys) ev/y

(evyf^ evyj^ evys)

[bn/h ([bnhf^ [bnhj^ [bnhs)

Some adjectives with a consonant cluster do not have a fill vowel in the masculine short form: ,jlhsq lj,hsq ujhlsq v/hndsq g/cnhsq

cheerful

kind

proud

dead

multi-coloured

A new ab initio Russian course

,jlh lj,h ujhl v/hnd g/cnh

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Special short forms 1. In the following adjectives the stem of the short form is completely different from that of the full form: ,jkmijq vfktymrbq

big small

dtkbr^ dtkbrf^ dtkbrj^ dtkbrb* vfk^ vfkf^ vfkj^ vfks*

* The adjectives dtkbrbq / ,jkmijq and vfktymrbq / vfksq are not distinguished in the short forms.

2. In the following adjectives the stem of the masculine short form is slightly different from that of the full form: ljcnjqysq bcrhtyysq

worthy sincere

ljcnjby^ ljcnjqyf^ ljcnjqyj^ ljcnjqys bcrhtyty^ bcrhtyyf^ bcrhtyyj^ bcrhtyys

3. Hfl (-f^ -j^ -s) (glad), cjukfcty^ cjukfcyf^ (-j^ -s) (agreeable), ljk;ty^ ljk;yf^ (-j^ -s) (obliged) have no long form. 4. Rfrjd (-f^ -j^ -s) is used in the meaning ‘what kind of / what’’ and nfrjd (-f^ -j^ -s) in the meaning ‘such’. However, rfr and nfr are used to modify short adjectives: rfrjdj ndj/ vytybt gj 'njve djghjce$ nfrjdj yfit vytybt rfr ghtrhfcty 'njn vbh! jy nfr ev/y

what is your opinion on this issue? such is our opinion how wonderful this world is! he is so clever

USE OF THE SHORT FORM OF ADJECTIVES

1. In modern Russian the short form of adjectives is used predicatively (i.e. after a link-verb such as ,snm^ ,sdfnm^ rfpfnmcz^ jrfpfnmcz^ cnfnm etc.). The link-verb is used in the past and future tenses (e.g. jy ,sk ev/y - he was clever; crjhj jy ,eltn ujkjlty - soon he will be hungry); in the imperative mood (e.g. ,elm cxfcnkbdf - be happy); in the conditional-subjunctive mood (e.g. vs ,skb ,s hfls^ tckb ,s ds ghbt[fkb r yfv - we would be glad if you visited us). In the present tense the link-verb is omitted (e.g. jy ev/y - he is clever; jy ujkjlty - he is hungry). The short-form adjective normally follows the noun or pronoun but may precede it for greater emphasis (e.g. cxfcnkbd xtkjdtr^ rjnjhsq njxyj pyftn^ xtuj jy [jxtn - a person who knows exactly what he wants is a happy person). Attributive use of the short-form adjective is considered archaic. It occurs in folk songs, poetry, epics etc. (e.g. yt dcnhtxftn tuj vjkjlf ;tyf - his young wife does not meet him; rhfcyj cjkysirj - beautiful sun). It is also used in certain set expressions, some of which are found in colloquial Russian: yf ,jce yjue jn vfkf lj dtkbrf gj ,tke cdtne 378

on one’s bare feet great and small into the wide world S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Compare, for example, the following: 'nf rjvyfnf vfktymrfz

'nf rjvyfnf vfkf

the full-form adjective vfktymrfz simply means that the room is small the short-form adjective vfkf implies that it is too small for somebody or for some particular purpose or occasion

Chapter 19

2. While the long form usually denotes permanent characteristics, the short form is generally used to indicate a temporary state or condition.

Note that an adjective should always be used in its short form when it is accompanied by words or phrases identifying restrictions: a) when followed by a noun, pronoun or prepositional phrase 'nf rjvyfnf vfkf äëÿ ìåíÿ 'njn abkmv ytbynthtcty îòöó

b) when followed by a subordinate clause z cxfcnkbdf^ ÷òî òû ïðèøåë

this room is too small for me this film is not interesting for my father

I am happy you came

c) when followed by an infinitive with or without xnj,s jyf ljcnfnjxyj cjcnjzntkmyf^ ÷òîáû íå ïåðåæèâàòü j ltymuf[ ns yt cgjcj,ty gjyznm 'nj

she is sufficiently well off not to worry about money you are incapable of understanding it

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the adjectives into their appropriate short forms in the following Russian sayings and proverbs. Then match up the phrases with the literal translations given in the right-hand side of the box. Can you think of any English equivalents? 1& K.,db dct djphfcns (gjrjhyst)& 2& Rjulf z tv^ z (uke[jq) b (ytvjq)& 3& Req ;tktpj^ gjrf (ujhzxtt)& 4& (Rfrjq) gjg^ (nfrjq) b ghb[jl& 5& K.,jdm (cktgfz)^ gjk.,bim b rjpkf&

As is the priest, so is the flock. Love is blind, you can fall in love even with a goat. When I am eating I am deaf and dumb. Hammer the iron while it is hot. All ages are submissive to love.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the following astrological forecast from the Russian magazine «Jyf» (January, 2001) for Capricornians. Underline all the short-form adjectives that you can find and analyse their use.

A new ab initio Russian course

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Rjpthju 22 ltrf,hz - 20 zydfhz Zydfhm - vtczw Rjpthjuf& E dfc yfxbyftncz yjdsq ujlbxysq wbrk ;bpyb& Ds 'ythubxys^ jgnbvbcnbxys b edthtys d cdjb[ cbkf[& Nt^ rnj ght;lt yt j,hfofk yf dfc dybvfybz^ ctqxfc yt ghjcnj pfvtnzn^ yj b ghbpyf.n kblthjv& D 'njn pbvybq vtczw ds kturj yfkf;bdftnt rjynfrns^ c ,ktcrjv htiftnt k.,st pflfxb rfr kbxyjuj^ nfr b ltkjdjuj [fhfrnthf& Jcj,tyyj elfxyj ltkf crkflsdf.ncz d gthdjq ltrflt zydfhz& Dfv ghtlcnjbn vyjuj hfpkbxyjuj hjlf hfpujdjhjd b rjhjnrb[ gjtpljr& <elmnt ,lbntkmys% d ljhjut ds dgjkyt vj;tnt dcnhtnbnm cdj. k.,jdm!

NOUNS IN APPOSITION Words are said to be in apposition when they refer to the same person or thing and are placed one after the other without being joined by a conjunction. You should try to remember the following: 1. Commas are normally used to mark off words and phrases standing in apposition to the noun or pronoun which is the subject/object of the sentence; e.g. Vfhbz^ bpdtcnyfz gtdbwf^ yt ghbdsrkf r nfrjve j,hfotyb. - Maria, a famous singer, was not used to such treatment. 2. Single nouns in apposition (usually geographical proper nouns) are hyphenated when they precede the noun they describe. The hyphen is omitted when the order is reversed; e.g. Vjcrdfhtrf (but htrf Vjcrdf), Bkmvtym-jpthj (but jpthj Bkmvtym).

3. When two or more nouns, pronouns or modifiers refer to the same person or object they are used in the same case; e.g. Vfhb.^ bpdtcnye. gtdbwe^ jy pyfk c ltncndf - he knew Maria, a famous singer, from childhood.

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Writing Put the words in brackets in their correct form in the sentences below. 1& Z e;t ,skf yf ktrwbb Bdfyf <jhbcjdbxf Otlhbyf^ (bpdtcnysq ghjatccjh vfntvfnbrb)&

ujlbxysq wbrk edthtyysq d (+ prep) cbkf nt^ rnj ght;lt j,hfofnm (I) dybvfybt yf (+ acc) pfvtxfnm (I) / pfvtnbnm (pfvtxe^ pfvtnbim) ghbpyfdfnm (ghbpyf.^ ghbpyf/im) / ghbpyfnm (I) yfkf;bdfnm (I) (imp) rjynfrns

380

year-long cycle confident strength (those) people who previously to pay attention to to notice to recognize to set up contacts

c ,ktcrjv brilliantly htifnm (I) (imp) to solve (s.th.) k.,jq any pflfxf task ltkjdjq business elfxyj successful(ly) crkflsdfnmcz (I) / ckj;bnmcz (II) to turn out hfpkbxyjuj hjlf of various sorts dfv ghtlcnjbn you are in for ,lbntkmysq alert, watchful dgjkyt entirely, fully S azov (Russian from Scratch )

3& Ctujlyz vs yfrjytw dcnhtnbkbcm c Vfhbtq Gtnhjdyjq^ _________________ ___________________ (yfif yjdfz cjctlrf)&

Chapter 19

2& Vs gjvjukb gjkexbnm dbpe yfitve yjdjve cneltyne^ __________________ ___________________ (vjkjljq fyukbxfyby bp
4& Jyb ;bden d Dfibyunjyt^ __________________ (cnjkbwf) CIF& 5& Z yt k.,k. cgjhbnm cj cdjtq ctcnhjq^ ________________________________ ___________________ (dcgskmxbdfz b ytnthgtkbdfz ltdeirf)& 6& Dxthf z dbltk cdjtuj lheuf^ ________________ (<jhbc)^ __________________ ___________________ (yf[jlxbdsq gfhtym c .vjhjv)& 7& Pfdnhf vs gjql/v d ujcnb r yfibv lhepmzv^ __________________________ ___________________ (jxtym bynthtcyst b evyst k.lb)& 8& D ufptnf[ xfcnj gbien j yjds[ heccrb[ _______________________________ ___________________ (,jufnst^ yj yt dctulf [jhjij j,hfpjdfyyst k.lb)& 9& D ghjikjv ujle vs regbkb yjdsq fdnjghbwtg^ ________________________ ___________________ (elj,ysq^ [jnm b yt,jkmijq)& 10& Vjq jntw hjlbkcz d J,ifhjdrt^ _____________________________________ ___________________ (yt,jkmifz lthtdyz yf Djkut)& THE PARTICLE ËÈ Particles are words which are used with other words and phrases to express uncertainty and subjective attitudes and emotions. The particle kb has the following functions: i) It corresponds to ‘if’ or ‘whether’ in English z yt pyf.^ ljvf kb jyf - I don’t know if / whether she is at home jyf yt edthtyf^ cjukfcbncz kb jy - she is not sure if / whether he will agree jy cghjcbk^ ujdjhbn kb jyf gj-heccrb - he asked if / whether she spoke Russian The particle kb follows the operative word (usually a verb) in the subordinate clause. Note: do not use tckb in similar constructions. Although ‘if’ can be used in English, tckb is only used in Russian in conditional sentences; e.g. tckb gjujlf ,eltn [jhjifz^ z gjqle uekznm - if the weather is nice I will go for a walk. Remember the following rule: if you can replace ‘if’ by ‘whether’ in English, use kb; otherwise, use tckb. A new ab initio Russian course

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Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

ii) It is also used in questions lfdyj kb ds ghbt[fkb bp Vjcrds$ yt [jnbnt kb ds gjqnb d ntfnh$

- is it long since you returned from Moscow? - would you like to go to the theatre?

In questions, kb always follows the word which bears the logical stress, and it is not normally translated. Note: the word order in questions with the particle kb is inverted. If kb is omitted from the question, there is no inversion. Compare the following: lfdyj kb ds ghbt[fkb bp Vjcrds$

= ds lfdyj ghbt[fkb bp Vjcrds$

The following phrases containing kb might be useful: dhzl kb (hardly likely), tldf kb (hardly) z dhzl kb ghble ctujlyz r nt,t - I am hardly likely to come to see you today dhzl kb vj;yj c dfvb cjukfcbnmcz - one can hardly agree with you Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Writing Translate the following into Russian. Use kb where appropriate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

382

I don’t remember if I have read this book. Is it long since you saw your brother? Aren’t you going with us? She asked whether I wanted to buy a new computer. Do they work? He is not sure if he is able to go on holiday next year. She is hardly likely to do it. We don’t know if they are learning Russian or some other language. One can hardly argue with it. He asked whether she had passed the exam.

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

CHAPTER 20

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

CHAPTER TWENTY - ÄÂÀÄÖÀÒÀß ÃËÀÂÀ A FURTHER STEP IN READING AND WRITING

- ÑËÅÄÓÞÙÈÉ ØÀÃ Ê ×ÒÅÍÈÞ È ÏÈÑÜÌÓ

In Chapter Twenty you will learn how to do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

to use essay lubricants to write a letter to use different forms of address to understand and use abbreviations

You will learn the following points of grammar: 1. participles (long and short forms) 2. gerunds 3. fill vowels ESSAY / SUMMARY LUBRICANTS

You may find the following words and phrases useful when it comes to writing Russian. àâòîð ñ÷èòàåò / ïîëàãàåò / óòâåðæäàåò, ÷òî êàê óòâåðæäàåò àâòîð ïî ìíåíèþ àâòîðà ïî-ìîåìó ýòî îçíà÷àåò/ çíà÷èò, (÷òî) ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû …, ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû òî åñòü íàïðèìåð èìåííî äðóãèìè / èíûìè ñëîâàìè / èíà÷å ãîâîðÿ êîðî÷å ãîâîðÿ îäíàêî / îäíàêî æå õîòÿ / õîòÿ è âñ¸-òàêè, òåì íå ìåíåå òàê êàê êàê óæå óïîìèíàëîñü (âûøå) òàêèì îáðàçîì êðîìå òîãî / áîëåå òîãî òåì áîëåå / òåì áîëåå, ÷òî ïîýòîìó / ñëåäîâàòåëüíî / èòàê â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî / èç âûøåñêàçàííîãî èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò, ÷òî êàê ñëåäóåò èç ñêàçàííîãî âî-ïåðâûõ / âî-âòîðûõ / â-òðåòüèõ íàêîíåö â çàêëþ÷åíèå ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âûâîä, ÷òî ÿ ïðèø¸ë (ïðèøëà) ê âûâîäó, ÷òî

384

the author believes / thinks / maintains that as the author argues in the author’s opinion in my opinion this means (that) on the one hand …, on the other hand that is to say, i.e. for example, e.g. to be precise, namely in other words put briefly however /even so although / even though nevertheless since (= because) as already mentioned (above) thus, in this way moreover / furthermore all the more so / especially as therefore / consequently / so, thus in this connection on the basis of this / of the afore-mentioned it follows that as appears from the above firstly / secondly / thirdly finally in conclusion the conclusion can be drawn that I have reached the conclusion that

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ÑÕÂÀÒÊÀ ÑÎ ÂÐÅÌÅÍÅÌ

Íàêîíåö åñòü ïåðâûå ðåçóëüòàòû óíèêàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Ó÷¸íûå Ìîñêâû è ÑàíêòÏåòåðáóðãà íàäåþòñÿ îñòàíîâèòü ïðèðîäíóþ «ìàøèíó âðåìåíè», çàïóùåííóþ â îðãàíèçìå ìîëîäîãî ÷åëîâåêà èç Ëèòâû è, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîâåðíóòü âðåìÿ âñïÿòü. Êàê óæå óïîìèíàëîñü â ïå÷àòè, æèòåëü Åçíàñà Àëüâèäàñ Ãóçåëÿóñêàñ çà ïÿòü ñ ëèøíèì ëåò ïðåâðàòèëñÿ â ñòàðöà, òî åñòü â ñâîè 27 âûãëÿäèò ... íà 75 ëåò.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì â ðåäàêöèþ ïîø¸ë ïîòîê ïèñåì îò ÷èòàòåëåé, âñòðåâîæåííûõ ôåíîìåíîì. Ëþäè ñîâåòóþò, êàê åìó ïîáåäèòü â ýòîé ãîíêå ñî âðåìåíåì, äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè, ïðåäëàãàþò ðàçëè÷íûå íàðîäíûå ñðåäñòâà. Ïîýòîìó Àëüâèäàñ ïîïðîñèë íàñ ïåðåäàòü èì áëàãîäàðíîñòü îò åãî èìåíè. Îäíàêî ïðîáëåìà ñëèøêîì ñëîæíà, ÷òîáû ïîìî÷ü áîëüíîìó «ïðèïàðêàìè». Ëèòîâñêèå ó÷¸íûå ïðèøëè ê âûâîäó, ÷òî ýòî - ñèíäðîì Âåðíåðà, òî åñòü ñèíäðîì ïðåæäåâðåìåííîãî ñòàðåíèÿ. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ïîñëå ïóáëèêàöèé î Ãóçåëÿóñêàñå â ðîññèéñêîé ïå÷àòè, åãî ñëó÷àåì çàèíòåðåñîâàëèñü ðîññèéñêèå ó÷¸íûå. Îíè ïîîáåùàëè ñîîáùèòü ïåðâûå ñâåäåíèÿ îá èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ôåíîìåíà Àëüâèäàñà â êîíöå ëåòà - íà÷àëå îñåíè. Õîòÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ åù¸ íå çàêîí÷åíû, ìíîãèå ñïåöèàëèñòû â Ðîññèè ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî «ïðèãîâîð» - ïîä áîëüøèì ñîìíåíèåì. Íàïðèìåð, Ìàðèíà Êîâèíà ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ó Àëüâèäàñà íå íàñëåäñòâåííîå çàáîëåâàíèå. Ïî å¸ ìíåíèþ, êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêîå ñòàðåíèå æèòåëÿ Ëèòâû ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëåäñòâèåì äðóãîãî íåäóãà è åãî ëå÷åíèÿ, ÷òî ïðèâåëî ê ïîðàæåíèþ èììóííîé ñèñòåìû, à èìåííî: ïàðåíü êîãäà-òî áîëåë òóáåðêóëåçîì, è â òå÷åíèå øåñòè ëåò åãî ëå÷èëè áîëüøèìè äîçàìè ðàçëè÷íûõ ëåêàðñòâ. Íî âñ¸òàêè ó÷¸íûå óáåæäàþò Ãóçåëÿóñêàñà íå òåðÿòü îïòèìèçìà. Òåì áîëåå, ÷òî ïîñëåäíèå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîçâîëÿþò íàäåÿòüñÿ íà ëó÷øåå.

Chapter 20

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following text and note how the essay lubricants are used. Then retell the text, using alternative essay lubricants where possible.

(Adapted from «Ëèòîâñêèé êóðüåð», ¹38 (291), September 2000)

ñõâàòêà skirmish, fight óíèêàëüíûé unique èññëåäîâàíèå investigation ó÷¸íûé scientist íàäåÿòüñÿ (I) (íàäåþñü, to hope íàäååøüñÿ) îñòàíàâëèâàòü (I) / îñòàíîâèòü to stop (îñòàíîâëþ, îñòàíîâèøü) ïðèðîäíûé natural çàïóùåííûé put, released Ëèòâà, ëèòîâñêèé Lithuania, Lithuanian ïîâîðà÷èâàòü (I) /ïîâåðíóòü to turn (ïîâåðíó, ïîâåðí¸øü) âñïÿòü back(wards) æèòåëü (m) resident ïðåâðàùàòüñÿ (I) / to turn into, ïðåâðàòèòüñÿ (II) â (+ acc) transform into ñòàðåö old man ïîòîê ïèñåì a flood of letters âñòðåâîæåííûé (past participle) alarmed ôåíîìåí phenomenon êàê åìó ïîáåäèòü? how can he win? ãîíêà ñ(î) (+ instr) race against ïðåäëàãàòü (I) / ïðåäëîæèòü (II) to suggest ðàçëè÷íûé various íàðîäíûå ñðåäñòâà folk remedies ïåðåäàòü (pf) áëàãîäàðíîñòü (f) to express gratitude îò åãî èìåíè on his behalf ñëîæíûé complicated ïîìîãàòü (I) / ïîìî÷ü to help (ïîìîãó, ïîìîæåøü) (+ dat) A new ab initio Russian course

áîëüíîé ïðèïàðêà ñèíäðîì Âåðíåðà ïðåæäåâðåìåííûé ñòàðåíèå ïóáëèêàöèÿ ñëó÷àé (çà-)èíòåðåñîàâòüñÿ (III) (èíòåðåñóþñü, èíòåðåñóåøüñÿ) (+ instr) (ïî-)îáåùàòü (I) ñîîáùàòü (I) / ñîîáùèòü (II) ñâåäåíèÿ çàêîí÷åí (-à, -î, -û) ïðèãîâîð (íàõîäèòüñÿ) ïîä ñîìíåíèåì ïðåäïîëàãàòü (I) / ïðåäïîëîæèòü (II) íàñëåäñòâåííûé çàáîëåâàíèå ÿâëÿòüñÿ (I) (imp) (+ instr) ñëåäñòâèå íåäóã ëå÷åíèå ïðèâåñòè ê ïîðàæåíèþ ïàðåíü (m) áîëåòü òóáåðêóë¸çîì ëå÷èòü (II) (+ instr) óáåæäàòü (I) (imp) (ïî-)òåðÿòü (I) íàäåæäó ïîçâîëÿòü (I) / ïîçâîëèòü (II)

ill (person) poultice Verner’s syndrome premature ageing published piece case to be interested (in) to promise to provide information concluded sentence, verdict (to be) in question to suppose hereditary, inherited decease, illness to be consequence ailment, disease treatment to lead to the defeat/failure lad to be ill with TB to treat (with) to try to convince to lose hope to allow

385

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following text, which is a summary of an article from the weekly paper «Àðãóìåíòû è ôàêòû», paying particular attention to the use of essay lubricants. ÎÒÄÛÕÀÒÜ ÍÀÄÎ ×ÀÙÅ Â ýòîé ñòàòüå îáñóæäàåòñÿ ïðîáëåìà îòäûõà. Àâòîð ñ÷èòàåò, ÷òî ïîñëå îòïóñêà ÷åëîâåê íå ÷óâñòâóåò óñòàëîñòè ïðèìåðíî ïîëãîäà. Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî äëÿ õîðîøåãî îòäûõà âàæíà íå òîëüêî åãî ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü, íî è åãî êà÷åñòâî. Êàê óòâåðæäàåò àâòîð, äëÿ îòäûõà íóæíî ó÷èòûâàòü íåñêîëüêî ôàêòîðîâ. Âî-ïåðâûõ, âîçðàñò, íàïðèìåð, ïîñëå 45 ëåò æåëàòåëüíî îòäûõàòü íå ìåíåå äâóõ íåäåëü ïîäðÿä. Âî-âòîðûõ, íàäî ïðèíèìàòü âî âíèìàíèå êëèìàòè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ ìåñòà îòäûõà è äàâàòü âðåìÿ íà àäàïòàöèþ ê íîâîìó êëèìàòó è ðåàäàïòàöèþ ïî âîçâðàùåíèè. Òåì áîëåå, ÷òî ýòî îòíîñèòñÿ è ê äåòÿì, òàê êàê èõ ìåõàíèçìû àäàïòàöèè òîëüêî ôîðìèðóþòñÿ. Â-òðåòüèõ, äëèòåëüíîñòü íåîáõîäèìîãî îòäûõà îïðåäåëÿþò è èíäèâèäóàëüíûå îñîáåííîñòè ÷åëîâåêà. Íàïðèìåð, ïî ìíåíèþ ïñèõîëîãîâ, äëÿ õîëåðèêîâ äîñòàòî÷íî 7-14 äíåé, îäíàêî èõ îòäûõ äîëæåí áûòü àêòèâíûì. È íàîáîðîò, äëÿ íåòîðîïëèâûõ è îáñòîÿòåëüíûõ ëþäåé ôëåãìàòè÷íîãî òèïà íóæåí öåëûé ìåñÿö. Àâòîð ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ìåëàíõîëèêó íåïëîõî äàæå ïîâàëÿòüñÿ íåñêîëüêî äíåé â ïîñòåëè ïåðåä àêòèâíûì îòäûõîì, à ñàíãâèíèêè ìîãóò ïðåêðàñíî îáõîäèòüñÿ áåç äëèòåëüíîãî îòäûõà, èì äîñòàòî÷íî ñóááîòû è âîñêðåñåíüÿ.

â ýòîé ñòàòüå îáñóæäàåòñÿ (+ nom) óñòàëîñòü (f) ïðèìåðíî èçâåñòíî ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü (f) êà÷åñòâî ó÷èòûâàòü (I) (imp) æåëàòåëüíî ïîäðÿä ïðèíèìàòü (I) âî âíèìàíèå óñëîâèå (ðå)àäàïòàöèÿ ïî âîçâðàùåíèè

386

this article discusses tiredness roughly it is well known duration quality to take into account it is desirable in a row to take into account condition (re)adaptation after returning

îòíîñèòüñÿ (îòíîøóñü, îòíîñèøüñÿ) (imp) ê (+ dat) ôîðìèðîâàòü(ñÿ) (III) äëèòåëüíîñòü (f) îïðåäåëÿòü (I) / îïðåäåëèòü (II) îñîáåííîñòü (f) õîëåðèê íåòîðîïëèâûé îáñòîÿòåëüíûé (ïî-)âàëÿòüñÿ (I) ñàíãâèíèê îáõîäèòüñÿ (II) (imp) áåç (+ gen)

to relate to to form length to determine peculiarity choleric person unhurried reliable to loll around sanguine person to do without

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ÒÎËÑÒÛÅ - ÓÌÍÅÅ (Í. Öâåòîâàÿ)

Ó÷¸íûå èç Êåìáðèäæñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà ðåàáèëèòèðîâàëè òîëñòûõ ëþäåé. Îíè äîêàçàëè, ÷òî òå, ó êîãî íàáëþäàþòñÿ èçëèøêè æèðà, óìíåå è ðàáîòîñïîñîáíåå õóäûõ è ñðåäíåóïèòàííûõ. Æèð îòëè÷íî çàùèùàåò ñêåëåò è âíóòðåííèå îðãàíû îò ïîâðåæäåíèé, ðåãóëèðóåò âûðàáîòêó ãîðìîíîâ, ñïîñîáñòâóåò óêðåïëåíèþ èììóíèòåòà îðãàíèçìà è óëó÷øàåò ðåïðîäóêòèâíóþ ñèñòåìó æåíùèí. Ó òîëñòûõ ëþäåé âûðàáàòûâàåòñÿ æèçíåííî âàæíûé ãîðìîí ëåïòèí, êîòîðûé ïîääåðæèâàåò íåîáõîäèìûé óðîâåíü ýíåðãèè â îðãàíèçìå. Êîãäà ñèëû íà èñõîäå, ýòîò ãîðìîí ïîäà¸ò ïðåäóïðåæäàþùèå ñèãíàëû â ìîçã - è ÷åëîâåê áåæèò â çàêóñî÷íóþ. «Âîîáùå æèð ýòî îðãàí. Åãî íàäî âîñïðèíèìàòü òàê æå, êàê, íàïðèìåð, ïå÷åíü», - çàÿâèë ïðåäñòàâèòåëü êîðîëåâñêîé ìåäèöèíñêîé øêîëû â Ëîíäîíå.

ðåàáèëèòðîâàòü (III) äîêàçûâàòü (I) / äîêàçàòü (äîêàæó, äîêàæåøü) òå, ó êîãî íàáëþäàþòñÿ èçëèøêè æèðà ðàáîòîñïîñîáíûé õóäîé ñðåäíåóïèòàííûé çàùèùàòü (I) / çàùèòèòü (çàùèùó, çàùèòèøü) ñêåëåò âíóòðåííèé ïîâðåæäåíèå ðåãóëèðîâàòü (III) (imp) âûðàáîòêà ãîðìîí ñïîñîáñòâoâàòü (III) (+ dat) óêðåïëåíèå èììóíèòåò îðãàíèçìà ðåïðîäóêòèâíàÿ ñèñòåìà A new ab initio Russian course

to rehabilitate to prove those who have excesses of fat able to work thin of average weight to defend skeleton internal damage, harm to regulate production hormone to contribute (to) strengthening the body’s immunity reproductive system

âûðàáàòûâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / âûðàáîòàòü(ñÿ) (I) æèçíåííî ëåïòèí ïîääåðæèâàòü (I) / ïîääåðæàòü (II) (ïîääåðæó, ïîääåðæèøü) ñèëû íà èñõîäå ïîäàâàòü (ïîäàþ, ïîäà¸øü) / ïîäàòü (ïîäàì, ïîäàøü) ïðåäóïðåæäàþùèé ñèãíàë ìîçã çàêóñî÷íàÿ âîñïðèíèìàòü (I) (imp) òàê æå, êàê ïå÷åíü (f) çàÿâëÿòü (I) / çàÿâèòü (II) (çàÿâëþ, çàÿâèøü) ïðåäñòàâèòåëü (m) êîðîëåâñêèé

Chapter 20

Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Read the text below by N. Tsvetovaya. Then rewrite it using the essay lubricants already listed.

to (be) produce(d) vitally leptin to support strength is waning to give warning sign brain snack bar to perceive, take just like liver to announce representative queen’s / king’s, royal

387

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

PARTICIPLES

Participles are words formed from a verb and used as an adjective which answer the question êàêîé? etc.

There are five kinds of participles:

1. Present active - take the third person plural of the present tense, remove the final -ò and add -ùèé(ñÿ) etc.: äåëàòü äåëàþ-ò äåëàþùèé ([who/which is] doing/making) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáàþ-òñÿ óëûáàþùèéñÿ ([who is] smiling) ãîâîðèòü ãîâîðÿ-ò ãîâîðÿùèé ([who is] speaking) 2. Past active (imperfective) - take the masculine form of the past tense of the imperfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -âøèé(ñÿ) etc.: äåëàòü äåëà-ë äåëàâøèé ([who/which was] doing/making) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáà-ëñÿ óëûáàâøèéñÿ ([who was] smiling) ãîâîðèòü ãîâîðè-ë ãîâîðèâøèé ([who] was speaking)

3. Past active (perfective) - take the masculine form of the past tense of the perfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -âøèé(ñÿ) etc.: cäåëàòü cäåëà-ë cäåëàâøèé ([who/which] did/made) óëûáíóòüñÿ óëûáíó-ëñÿ óëûáíóâøèéñÿ ([who] smiled) êðèêíóòü êðèêíó-ë êðèêíóâøèé ([who] shouted) 4. Present passive participle - take the first person plural of the present tense and add -ûé etc.: äåëàòü äåëàåì äåëàåìûé ([which is] done/made) ëþáèòü ëþáèì ëþáèìûé ([who/which is] (be)loved = favourite) ïîâòîðèòü ïîâòîðèì ïîâòîðèìûé ([which is] repeated) 5. (a) Past passive participle long form - take the perfective aspect and follow these rules: (i) for most verbs ending in -àòü or -ÿòü, remove the final -òü and add -ííûé cäåëàòü ñäåëàííûé ([which was] done/made)

(ii) for most other verbs, take the 1st and 2nd person singular of the future tense. Replace the final -ó /-þ of the 1st person singular by -åííûé if the 2nd person ending is unstressed ïîëó÷¿òü ïîëó÷å ïîëå÷èøü ïîëå÷åííûé ([who/which was] received) or replace the final -ó /-þ of the 1st person singular by -¸ííûé if the 2nd person singular ending is stressed ðåø¿òü ðåøå ðåø¿øü ðåø¸ííûé ([which was] decided)

(iii) for verbs with infinitives in -óòü, -ûòü, -åòü and -åðåòü, and various monosyllabic verbs and compound verbs, take the infinitive, remove the final -òü and add -òûé çàêðÏòü çàêðÏçàêðÏòûé ([which was] closed)

(b) Past passive participle short form - take the long form (above) and use the short adjective endings: ñäüëàí (m), ñäüëàíà (f), ñäüëàíî (n), ñäüëàíû (pl) (done, made) çàêðÏò (m), çàêðÏòà (f), çàêðÏòî (n), çàêðÏòû (pl) (closed)

If the short passive participle is derived from long forms ending in -¸ííûé and -åííûé, the final syllable is stressed; e.g. ðåø¸ííûé: ðåø¸í (m), ðåøåíá (f), ðåøåíó (n), ðåøåíÏ (pl) (decided) 388

For more details, see the Grammar section. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Íåäàâíî ÿ âñòðåòèë ñâîåãî ñòàðîãî äðóãà, âåðíóâøåãîñÿ èç Ðîññèè íåäåëþ íàçàä. Îí ðàññêàçàë ìíå î ïîåçäêå, ïðîèçâåäøåé íà íåãî íåèçãëàäèìîå âïå÷àòëåíèå. Îí ðàññêàçàë ìíå, êîãäà áûëè ïîñòðîåíû Ìîñêâà è Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, íàïîìíèë, ÷òî Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã áûë îñíîâàí Ïåòðîì Ïåðâûì. Îí çàìåòèë, ÷òî ñâåòÿùèåñÿ çâ¸çäû Êðåìëÿ âèäíû èçäàëåêà, à íà îñâåù¸ííûõ óëèöàõ ñâåòëî, êàê äí¸ì. Îí äîëãî ðàññêàçûâàë îá óâèäåííîì â Ðîññèè: î Õðàìå Õðèñòà Ñïàñèòåëÿ, âîññòàíîâëåííîì ñîâñåì íåäàâíî, î Áîëüøîì Òåàòðå, ðàñïîëîæåííîì â öåíòðå Ìîñêâû, îá Ýðìèòàæå - áûâøåé ðåçèäåíöèè ðóññêèõ öàðåé.

right.

Chapter 20

Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following passage, paying particular attention to the meaning of the particple forms which are in bold.

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete the sentences, using the phrases given in the box on the

1. Íà ñòîëå ëåæàëî ïèñüìî, _______ .

2. Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê, _______, íåäàâíî ïîñòóïèë â óíèâåðñèòåò.

3. _______ ðàññêàçàë êîëëåãàì î íîâîì ïðîåêòå.

ïåðåäàâàåìûå ïî ðàäèî

âåðíóâøèéñÿ èç êîìàíäèðîâêè

èíæåíåð

4. Çàíÿòèÿ, _______, áóäóò ïðîâîäèòüñÿ

íàïèñàííîå ìíîé â÷åðà

5. Óíèâåðñèòåò, _______, ñòàë îäíèì èç

çàêðûòûé íà ðåìîíò

6. Ñòóäåíòû, _______, â ïðîøëîì ãîäó

ñòóäåíòàìè

ïî âå÷åðàì.

ëó÷øèõ óíèâåðñèòåòîâ ìèðà.

ïîåõàëè â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã íà òðè

ìåñÿöà.

7. Ìû âñåãäà ñëóøàåì íîâîñòè, _______ .

æèâóùèé â íàøåì äîìå

ïîñåùàåìûå ðàáîòàþùèìè äí¸ì

îñíîâàííûé Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâûì çàíèìàâøèåñÿ ðóññêèì ÿçûêîì

8. _______ ìàãàçèí íå áóäåò ðàáîòàòü äâà ìåñÿöà.

ïðîèçâîäèòü (II) / ïðîèçâåñòè (ïðîèçâåäó, ïðîèçâåä¸øü) âïå÷àòëåíèå íà (+ acc) íåèçãëàäèìûé íàïîìèíàòü (I) / íàïîìíèòü (II) îñíîâûâàòü (I) / îñíîâàòü (III) ñâåòèòü(ñÿ) (ñâå÷ó, ñâåòèøü) (imp) îñâåùàòü (I) / îñâåòèòü (îñâå÷ó, îñâåòèøü) A new ab initio Russian course

to produce an impression on (s.one) indelible to remind to found to shine, gleam to light up

óâèäåííîå âîññòàíàâëèâàòü (I) / âîññòàíîâèòü (âîññòàíîâëþ, âîññòàíîâèøü) áûâøèé ïðîâîäèòüñÿ (II) / ïðîâåñòèñü (ïðîâåä¸òñÿ) ïåðåäàâàòü (ïåðåäàþ, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäàòü (ïåðåäàì, ïåðåäàøü)

the things seen to restore former to be held to broadcast

389

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Fill in the gaps in the sentences, choosing the appropriate participle from the box below. Listen to the tape to check your answers. ëþáèìûé, ñïåòàÿ, îòêðûâøàÿñÿ, çàáûòûé, ïîþùèå, òàíöóþùóþ, çàáûâøèé, ïèñàâøèõ, õðàíèìûå, ïîäàðåííîå, ëþáÿùèå 1. Ñåãîäíÿ â íàøåì òåàòðå áóäåò âûñòóïàòü âñåìè _______________ àðòèñò Âÿ÷åñëàâ Òèõîíîâ. 2. Âûñòàâêà, ______________ â ïðîøëîì ìåñÿöå, ñêîðî çàêðîåòñÿ. 3. Äåòè, ______________ â õîðå, â èþíå ïîåäóò âûñòóïàòü âî Ôðàíöèþ. 4. Ïåñíÿ, ______________ âïåðâûå íà êîíêóðñå ìîëîäûõ èñïîëíèòåëåé, èìåëà óñïåõ. 5. À. Ï. ×åõîâ - îäèí èç ïèñàòåëåé, ______________ â æàíðå êîðîòêîãî ðàññêàçà. 6. Îíà ïîòåðÿëà êîëüöî, _____________ åé æåíèõîì. 7. Îí ñìîòðåë íà ______________ äåâóøêó è äóìàë î ìóçûêå äëÿ íîâîãî áàëåòà. 8. Ïàññàæèð, ______________ ñâîé çîíò â òðîëëåéáóñå, îáðàòèëñÿ â ñòîë íàõîäîê. Òàì è ëåæàë ______________ èì çîíò. 9. ______________ ðîäèòåëè âñåãäà ñòàðàþòñÿ äàòü äåòÿì âñ¸ ñàìîå ëó÷øåå. 10. Ïèñüìà À. Ñ. Ïóøêèíà, äîëãî ______________ åãî ïîòîìêàìè, òåïåðü íàõîäÿòñÿ â ìóçåå.

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå Writing Answer the following questions in Russian using either short-form past participles (+ the Instrumental to express ‘by’) or, where appropriate, an active verb (in the Nominative). The necessary information is given in random order in the box below. ×àéêîâñêèé, Ðàñòðåëëè, Ôðàíê Ñèíàòðà, Àëëà Ïóãà÷¸âà, Øâàðöíåãåð, ϸòð I, Ëîìîíîñîâ, Èíãðèä Áåðãìàí, Ëåâ Òîëñòîé, ôàðàîíû

1. Êåì áûë íàïèñàí ðîìàí «Âîéíà è ìèð»? 2. Êòî íàïèñàë áàëåò «Ëåáåäèííîå îçåðî»? 3. Êåì áûë îñíîâàí ÌÃÓ? 4. Êòî îñíîâàë Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã? 5. Êåì áûëè ïîñòðîåíû ïèðàìèäû? 6. Êòî ïîñòðîèë Çèìíèé äâîðåö? 7. Êåì áûëà ñûãðàíà ãëàâíàÿ ðîëü â ôèëüìå «Òåðìèíàòîð»? 8. Êòî ñûãðàë ãëàíóþ ðîëü â ôèëüìå «Êàñàáëàíêà»? 9. Êåì áûëà âïåðâûå èñïîëíåíà ïåñíÿ «Íüþ-Éîðê, Íüþ-Éîðê»? 10. Êòî âïåðâûå èñïîëíèë ïîïóëÿðíóþ ðóññêóþ ïåñíþ «Àðëåêèíî»? (ñ-)ïåòü (ïîþ, ïî¸øü) õðàíèòü (II) (imp) (ïî-)äàðèòü (II) âûñòóïàòü (I) / âûñòóïèòü (II) (âûñòóïëþ, âûñòóïèøü) êîíêóðñ èñïîëíèòåëü (m) èìåòü óñïåõ æàíð êîëüöî

390

to sing to preserve to give (a present) to perform competition performer to be successful genre ring

æåíèõ çîíò îáðàùàòüñÿ (I) / îáðàòèòüñÿ (II) (îáðàùóñü, îáðàòèøüñÿ) â (+ acc) ñòîë íàõîäîê ïîòîìîê ôàðàîí Çèìíèé äâîðåö èãðàòü (I) / ñûãðàòü (I) èñïîëíÿòü (I) / èñïîëíèòü (II)

fiancé umbrella to turn to, go to lost property office descendant Pharaoh Winter Palace to play to perform

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Ìàãàçèí _____________ ñ 9 äî 18 ÷àñîâ. Ìàãàçèí, _____________ â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, íàçûâàåòñÿ «Ìîäà» (îòêðûòûé - îòêðûò). 2. Ñòàðûå êíèãè, _____________ ìîíàõàìè, äî ñèõ ïîð õðàíÿòñÿ â ìîíàñòûðÿõ, áèáëèîòåêàõ è ìóçåÿõ. Ïåðâûå êíèãè áûëè _____________ ìîíàõàìè è ñåé÷àñ îíè ñòîÿò î÷åíü äîðîãî (ïåðåïèñàííûå - ïåðåïèñàíû). 3. Ðîññèéñêèå ñïîðòñìåíû, ó÷àñòâîâàâøèå â Îëèìïèéñêèõ èãðàõ, áûëè _____________ íà ïðè¸ì ê ïðå çèäåíòó. Ñïîðòñìåíû, ____________ íà ïðè¸ì ê ïðåçèäåíòó, î÷åíü âîëíîâàëèñü (ïðèãëàøåííûå - ïðèãëàøåíû). 4. Êàðòèíà ðóññêîãî õóäîæíèêà Øèøêèíà áóäåò _____________ íà àóêöèîíå. Íà âûñòàâêå ÿ âèäåë êàðòèíó, _____________ íà àóêöèîíå â ïðîøëîì ãîäó (ïðîäàííóþ - ïðîäàíà). 5. _____________ íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä øëÿïà âûøëà èç ìîäû. Ýòà øëÿïà áûëà _____________ íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä â óíèâåðìàãå (êóïëåííàÿ - êóïëåíà). 6. Âñåì î÷åíü ïîíðàâèëñÿ âå÷åð, _____________ îêîí÷àíèþ øêîëû. Ýòîò âå÷åð _____________ îêîí÷àíèþ øêîëû (ïîñâÿùåííûé - ïîñâÿù¸í).

Chapter 20

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Fill in the gaps in the text, choosing the correct passive past participle form from the brackets. Listen to the tape to check your answers.

Useful expressions for writing letters Informal Forms of address

Formal

Äîðîãîé Èâàí! (Dear …)* Ìèëàÿ Àííà Ïåòðîâíà! (My dearest …) Çäðàâñòâóé, Êàòÿ! (Hello, …) Çäðàâñòâóéòå, Èâàí Èâàíîâè÷! (Hello, …) Ïðèâåò, Ñàøà! (Hi, Sasha) Concluding remarks Öåëóþ. (Love, …) Æäó îòâåòà. (Looking forward to hearing from you.) Öåëóþ è îáíèìàþ. (Hugs and kisses, …) Ïèøè. (Keep in touch.) Äî ñâèäàíèÿ. (Goodbye.) Êðåïêî öåëóþ. (Lots of love, …) Âñåãî õîðîøåãî. / Âñåãî äîáðîãî. / Âñåãî íàèëó÷øåãî. (All the best.)

Óâàæàåìûé Àëåêñàíäð Èâàíîâè÷! (Dear …) Ìíîãîóâàæàåìàÿ Ìàðèÿ Èâàíîâíà! (Dear … very formal) Èñêðåííå Âàø ... (Yours faithfully, …) Ñ óâàæåíèåì ... (Yours sincerely, …) Âàø ... (Yours, …) Îñòàþñü ïðåäàííûé Âàì ... (Yours respectfully, …)

* The translations suggested are only approximate equivalents. ìîíàõ äî ñèõ ïîð ìîíàñòûðü (m) ïåðåïèñûâàòü (I) / ïåðåïèñàòü (ïåðåïèøó, ïåðåïèøåøü) ó÷àñòâîâàòü (III) â (+ prep) ïðè¸ì

A new ab initio Russian course

monk till now monastery to re-write to take part in reception

(âç-)âîëíîâàòüñÿ (III) (âîëíóþñü, âîëíóåøüñÿ) õóäîæíèê àóêöèîí âûéòè (âûéäó, âûéäåøü) (pf) èç ìîäû ïîñâÿùàòü (I) / ïîñâÿòèòü (ïîñâÿùó, ïîñâÿòèøü) (+ dat)

to be worried, anxious artist auction to go out of fashion to devote, dedicate (to)

391

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following business letter, paying particular attention to the layout and the way the address is written. Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâà 117259 Óíèâåðñèòåòñêèé ïðîñïåêò, 89 ôèðìà «Óíèòðåñò» òåë.: (095) 278-18-14 ôàêñ: (095) 278-18-39 Ðîññèÿ Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã Áóëüâàð Íàõèìîâà, 8 ôèðìà «ÎÐÒÝÊÑ» Ñåì¸íîâó, Í. Ë. òåë.: (812) 243-18-45 ôàêñ: (812) 243-18-44 22.9.02 Êàñàòåëüíî: âàøåãî çàêàçà ¹2701 îò 4 îêòÿáðÿ 2002 ã. Óâàæàåìûé ãîñïîäèí Ñåì¸íîâ!

Ìû ðàäû ñîîáùèòü Âàì, ÷òî òîâàðû, çàêàçàííûå Âàìè ïîä âûøåóêàçàííûì íîìåðîì, ñåãîäíÿ áûëè îòïðàâëåíû â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã ñàìîë¸òîì. Òîâàðû óïàêîâàíû â êàðòîííûå ÿùèêè, ïðîíóìåðîâàííûå îò 1 äî 4. Ñîïðîâîæäàþùèå ãðóç äîêóìåíòû ïîñëàíû Âàì êóðüåðñêîé ïî÷òîé. Íà âñå òîâàðû îôîðìëåí ñòðàõîâîé ïîëèñ, íàïðàâëåííûé â Ìîñêîâñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé áàíê. Ìû óâåðåíû, ÷òî çàêàçàííûå Âàìè òîâàðû áóäóò îòâå÷àòü Âàøèì òðåáîâàíèÿì. Ñ óâàæåíèåì,

Ñ. Òèõîìèðîâ Äèðåêòîð îòäåëà ñáûòà ôèðìû «Óíèòðåñò» êàñàòåëüíî (+ gen) çàêàç âûøåóêàçàííûé îòïðàâëÿòü (I) / îòïðàâèòü (îòïðàâëþ, îòïðàâèøü) óïàêîâûâàòü (I) / óïàêîâàòü (III) (óïàêóþ, óïàêóåøü) êàðòîííûé (ïðî-)íóìåðîâàòü (III) (íóìåðóþ, íóìåðóåøü) ñîïðîâîæäàòü (I) / ñîâïðîâîäèòü (ñîïðîâîæó, ñîïðîâîäèøü) ãðóç êóðüåðñêàÿ ïî÷òà

392

with reference to order foregoing to send to pack cardboard to number to accompany freight, cargo courier (post)

òîâàðû îôîðìëÿòü (I) / îôîðìèòü (îôîðìëþ, îôîðìèøü) ñòðàõîâîé ïîëèñ íàïðàâëÿòü (I) /íàïðàâèòü (íàïðàâëþ, íàïðàâèøü) îòäåë ìû óâåðåíû çàêàçûâàòü (I) / çàêàçàòü (çàêàæó, çàêàæåøü) îòâå÷àòü (I) / îòâåòèòü (îòâå÷ó, îòâåòèøü) (+ dat) òðåáîâàíèå ñáûò

goods to register insurance policy to send, direct department we are sure to order to correspond (to) demand sales(s)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Ìîñêâà 24.10.02 Äîðîãîé Äæîí!

Chapter 20

Activity Ten - Äåñÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the following letter written by Sasha to his English friend John. Note the differences in style between official and private letters.

Íåñêîëüêî äíåé íàçàä ÿ ïîëó÷èë òâî¸ ïèñüìî. ß áûë ðàä óçíàòü, ÷òî òû õîðîøî ïðîâ¸ë ñâîè ëåòíèå êàíèêóëû è ñúåçäèë âî Ôðàíöèþ. ß òîæå ïðîâ¸ë ëåòî î÷åíü èíòåðåñíî. Ñíà÷àëà ÿ äâå íåäåëè ïîìîãàë îòöó ñòðîèòü äà÷ó. Äà÷à óæå ïî÷òè ïîñòðîåíà, îñòàëîñü ëèøü ñäåëàòü âíóòðåííþþ îòäåëêó, ïîêðàñèòü îêíà è äâåðè. Ñòðîèòü äà÷ó íàì ïîìîãàëè äðóçüÿ ìîåãî îòöà è ìîé îäíîãðóïïíèê Ïàâåë - ÿ òåáå î í¸ì óæå ïèñàë. Êîãäà ðàáîòà áûëà çàêîí÷åíà, ìû ñ Ïàâëîì îòïðàâèëèñü â ïîõîä íà áàéäàðêàõ âìåñòå ñ íàøèìè äðóçüÿìè ïî óíèâåðñèòåòó. Òàê ÷òî ÿ ïîñìîòðåë ñåâåð Ðîññèè, óçíàë î÷åíü ìíîãî î íàðîäíûõ òðàäèöèÿõ Ñåâåðà, î ðóññêîì äåðåâÿííîì çîä÷åñòâå. Íàø ïîõîä ïðîäîëæàëñÿ äâå íåäåëè. È õîòÿ áûëî ïîðîé òðóäíî, âñå îñòàëèñü î÷åíü äîâîëüíû. Êñòàòè, â ïîõîäå ÿ ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ ñ î÷åíü õîðîøåé äåâóøêîé, å¸ çîâóò Òàòüÿíà, è îíà èçó÷àåò àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê è ëèòåðàòóðó. Êîãäà òû ïðèåäåøü ê íàì â Ìîñêâó, ÿ îáÿçàòåëüíî âàñ ïîçíàêîìëþ.  ñåðåäèíå àâãóñòà ó íàñ â Ìîñêâå ïðîõîäèë ìåæäóíàðîäíûé êèíîôåñòèâàëü, è ìíå óäàëîñü ïîïàñòü íà ïðîñìîòð ïÿòè ôèëüìîâ.  àâãóñòå ÿ íå òîëüêî îòäûõàë, íî è ðàáîòàë â óíèâåðñèòåòñêîì âû÷èñëèòåëüíîì öåíòðå: ìû ñîçäàâàëè èíòåðíåòîâñêèå ñòðàíèöû äëÿ ðàçíûõ ôàêóëüòåòîâ íàøåãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Ýòà ðàáîòà î÷åíü ìåíÿ óâëåêëà. Ïåðâîãî ñåíòÿáðÿ, êàê òû çíàåøü, íà÷àëñÿ ó÷åáíûé ãîä - ìîé ïîñëåäíèé ãîä â óíèâåðñèòåòå. Ìíå íàäî ïîñåðü¸çíåé ó÷èòüñÿ â ýòîì ãîäó, ÷òîáû ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ óíèâåðñèòåòà ÿ ìîã ïîñòóïèòü â àñïèðàíòóðó. Ïîýòîìó ÿ ìíîãî çàíèìàþñü, ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè îñòà¸òñÿ ìàëî. ß ïî-ïðåæíåìó çàíèìàþñü ñïîðòîì. Ýòî ìî¸ õîááè. Òû ïèñàë, ÷òî â ýòîì ãîäó ó òåáÿ áóäåò ÿçûêîâàÿ ïðàêòèêà â Ðîññèè. Êîãäà òû ñîáèðàåøüñÿ ïðèåõàòü â Ìîñêâó? Ìû âñå (ÿ è ìîè äðóçüÿ) æä¸ì òåáÿ â ãîñòè. Ìîè ðîäèòåëè ïåðåäàþò òåáå ïðèâåò. Ïèøè. Íå çàáûâàé. Òâîé Ñàøà.

óçíàâàòü (óçíàþ, óçíà¸øü) / óçíàòü (I) ñúåçäèòü (pf) (ñúåçæó, ñúåçäèøü) îñòàâàòüñÿ (îñòàþñü, îñòà¸øüñÿ) / îñòàòüñÿ (îñòàíóñü, îñòàíåøüñÿ) ëèøü îòäåëêà (ïî-)êðàñèòü (êðàøó, êðàñèøü) îäíîãðóïïíèê

êèíîôåñòèâàëü (m) film festival ïîïàñòü (pf) (ïîïàäó, ïîïàä¸øü) to get to, fall â/íà (+ acc) into/on ïðîñìîòð viewing íå òîëüêî ... íî è not only ... but also only âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé öåíòð computer centre decorating ñîçäàâàòü (ñîçäàþ, ñîçäà¸øü) / to create to paint ñîçäàòü (ñîçäàì, ñîçäàøü) person in the èíòåðíåò(îâñêèé) internet same group óâëåêàòü (I) / óâëå÷ü (óâëåêó, to captivate ïîõîä íà áàéäàðêàõ canoeing trip óâëå÷¸øü) äðóçüÿ ïî óíèâåðñèòåòó university friends ïîñåðü¸çíåé (a little) more äåðåâÿííûé wooden seriously çîä÷åñòâî architecture àñïèðàíòóðà postgraduate ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ (I) / ïðîäîëæèòüñÿ (II) to last, continue studies ïîðîé at times ÿçûêîâàÿ ïðàêòèêà language practice (ïî-)çíàêîìèòü (çíàêîìëþ, to acquaint ïåðåäàâàòü (ïåðåäàþ, to give regards çíàêîìèøü) c (+ instr) with (s.one) ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäàòü to (s.one) ïðîõîäèòü (imp) (II) to take place (ïåðåäàì, ïåðåäàøü) ïðèâåò (+ dat) A new ab initio Russian course

to find out, recognize to go (and return) to remain

393

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write a letter to your friend telling him or her about your family and friends, your studies and how you are spending your free time. Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing Write a formal letter to your professor or teacher about how your studies are progressing.

a)

Addressing strangers

Expressions used to address people in public speech Ãîñïîäà! (Ladies and gentlemen) Óâàæàåìûå ãîñïîäà! (Ladies and gentlemen) Êîëëåãè! (Colleagues) Óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè! (Dear colleagues) Äðóçüÿ! / Äîðîãèå äðóçüÿ! (Dear friends) Ãðàæäàíå! (Ladies and gentlemen used mainly by officials)

b) Semi-formal expressions used to address non-acquaintances Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê! / Äåâóøêà! (Sir / Madam except to elderly people) Ìàëü÷èê! / Äåâî÷êà! (Hey [young lad / girl]) Ãðàæäàíèí! / Ãðàæäàíêà! (Sir / Madam used mainly by officials) c)

Semi-formal expressions used to address acquaintances Ãîñïîäèí Ïåòðîâ! / Ãîñïîæà Ïåòðîâà! (Mr Petrov / Mrs Petrova) Èâàí Èâàíîâè÷! / Ìàðèÿ Èâàíîâíà! (Ivan Ivanovich / Maria Ivanovna)

d) Informal expressions used to address acquaintances and groups of young people Ìàëü÷èêè! / Äåâî÷êè! (Boys / Girls) Ðåáÿòà! (Lads, Children) Êîëÿ! / Ìàøà! (Kolya / Masha) e)

Expressions used to facilitate communication Ñêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà ... (Could you tell me …) Ïðîñòèòå, âû íå ñêàæåòå ... / âû íå çíàåòå ...) (Excuse me, do you happen to know …) Èçâèíèòå ïîæàëóéñòà, âû íå ñêàæåòå ... /... âû íå çíàåòå ... (Excuse me, please, do you happen to know …) Ìîæíî âàñ ñïðîñèòü ... (Can I ask (you) …) Ðàçðåøèòå ñïðîñèòü ... / Ïîçâîëüòå ñïðîñèòü... (May I ask (you) …) Ïîçâîëüòå ñêàçàòü ... (Ðàçðåøèòå ìíå ñêàçàòü...) (May I say …) Òû íå ñêàæåøü ... / íå çíàåøü ... (Excuse me, do you happen to know … used when addressing a child)

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Read the following texts below and fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of address from the box below. Then listen to the tape to check your answers. Äîðîãèå äðóçüÿ!, Ãðàæäàíå!, Ñêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ..., Ãîñïîäà!, Ìàëü÷èê!, Óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè!, Ãðàæäàíèí!, Äåâóøêà!, Ãðàæäàíêà!, Àíäðåé Ïåòðîâè÷!, Ðåáÿòà!, Ãîñïîäèí Ñìèðíîâ!, Êîñòÿ! 394

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(Íà óëèöå)

À - ____________, ãäå íàõîäòèñÿ Áîëüøîé Òåàòð. Á - Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ÿ èíîñòðàíåö. Íå ìîãó âàì ñêàçàòü. Chapter 20

(Â òðîëëåéáóñå)

À - ____________! Âû íå âûõîäèòå íà ñëåäóþùåé îñòàíîâêå? Á - Âûõîæó.

(Â àâòîáóñå)

Âîäèòåëü: - ____________! Íå çàáûâàéòå îïëà÷èâàòü ïðîåçä. Êîíòðîë¸ð: - ____________! Ïðåäúÿâèòå âàø áèëåò, ïîæàëóéñòà!

(Íà ñîáðàíèè)

Äîêëàä÷èê: - ____________! Ìû ñîáðàëèñü â ýòîì çàëå, ÷òîáû îáñóäèòü âàæíûå âîïðîñû, êàñàþùèåñÿ íîâîãî ãîäîâîãî ïëàíà.

(Íåîæèäàííàÿ âñòðå÷à)

Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - ____________! Âû ìåíÿ íå óçíàëè? ß Êîñòÿ Ïîòàïîâ, âàø áûâøèé ó÷åíèê. Àíäðåé Ïåòðîâè÷: - ____________!? Êàê æå, êîíå÷íî, óçíàë, ðàä òåáÿ âèäåòü!

(Â øêîëå)

Ìàøà: - ____________! Äàâàéòå ïîéä¸ì â êèíî? Èãîðü: - Íåò, íàäî óðîêè äåëàòü. Ñâåòà: - Äàâàéòå ëó÷øå çàâòðà ïîéä¸ì íà ïÿòü ÷àñîâ.

(Â òåàòðå)

Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - ____________, âàñ íå Íàòàøà çîâóò? Äåâóøêà: - Íåò, íå Íàòàøà. Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - Èçâèíèòå, ÿ îøèáñÿ - âû î÷åíü ïîõîæè íà ìîþ çíàêîìóþ äåâóøêó, å¸ çîâóò Íàòàøà.

( ïðè¸ìíîé ó äèðåêòîðà ôèðìû)

Ñåêðåòàðü: - ____________! Äèðåêòîð æä¸ò âàñ, ïîæàëóéñòà, âõîäèòå. Ñìèðíîâ: - Ñïàñèáî.

(Íà çàñåäàíèè êàôåäðû â óíèâåðñèòåòå)

À - ____________! Âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ ïðåäñòàâëåíà äèññåðòàöèÿ, ïîñâÿù¸ííàÿ ïðîáëåìå ïðè÷àñòèé â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. Äî ñèõ ïîð íå áûëî ïðîâåäåíî äîñòàòî÷íî ñåðü¸çíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ýòîé òåìå.

(Íà äíå ðîæäåíèÿ)

À - ____________! Ðàçðåøèòå ìíå îò èìåíè âñåõ ñîáðàâøèõñÿ çà ýòèì ñòîëîì ïîçäðàâèòü íàøåãî äîðîãîãî Ìàêñèìà ñ äâàäöàòèïÿòèëåòèåì è ïîæåëàòü åìó îãðîìíîãî ñ÷àñòüÿ è áîëüøèõ óñïåõîâ.

(Â óíèâåðìàãå)

Äàìà: - ____________! Ïî÷åìó òû ïëà÷åøü? Ãäå òâîÿ ìàìà?! Ìàëü÷èê: - ß ìàìó ïîòåðÿë. Îíà ñêàçàëà ìíå ïîäîæäàòü çäåñü ìèíóòêó, íî å¸ óæå äîëãî íåò! Äàìà: - Íå ïëà÷ü. Ìàìà ñåé÷àñ ïðèä¸ò. Ñìîòðè, ýòî íå òâîÿ ìàìà èä¸ò? Ìàëü÷èê: - Îé! Ýòî ìîÿ ìàìà! îïëà÷èâàòü (I) / îòïëàòèòü (II) ïðîåçä êîíòðîë¸ð ïðåäúÿâëÿòü (I) / ïðåäúÿâèòü (ïðåäúÿâëþ, ïðåäúÿâèøü) äîêëàä÷èê êàñàþùèéñÿ (+ gen) ãîäîâîé ïëàí îøèáàòüñÿ (I) / îøèáèòüñÿ (îøèáóñü, îøèáèøüñÿ) ïðåäñòàâëÿòü (I) / ïðåäñòàâèòü (ïðåäñòàâëþ, ïðåäñòàâèøü)

A new ab initio Russian course

to pay (back) trip, journey ticket-collector to show, produce speaker, lecturer concerning yearly plan to make a mistake

ïðîâîäèòü (II) / ïðîâåñòè (ïðîâåäó, ïðîâåä¸øü) èññëåäîâàíèå îò èìåíè (+ gen) ïîçäðàâëÿòü (I) / ïîçäðàâèòü (ïîçäðàâëþ, ïîçäðàâèøü) (+ acc) ñ (+ instr) äâàäöàòèïÿòèëåòèå (ïî-)æåëàòü (I) (+ dat) (+ gen)

to present, introduce

ñ÷àñòüå

to conduct research on behalf (of) to congratulate (s.one) on (something) 25th birthday to wish (s.one) (s.th.) happiness

395

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

GERUNDS

Gerunds are indeclinable verbal adverbs which substitute for English forms such as ‘when …’, ‘while …’, ‘and …’, ‘since …’, ‘by …’, ‘without … + ing’ etc., in the present tense, and for ‘(after) having …’ + the past participle in the past tense. HOW TO FORM THE GERUND

Present Take the third person plural of the present tense, remove the final two letters and add -ÿ (or -à after æ, ÷, ø and ù): äåëàòü äåëà-þò äåëàÿ ([while/when etc.] doing/making) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáàþò-ñÿ óëûáàÿñü* ([while/when etc.] smiling) ãîâîðèòü ãîâîð-ÿò ãîâîðÿ ([while/when etc.] speaking) * Gerunds from reflexive verbs take the ending -ñü.

Note that some verbs, especially monosyllabic verbs, do not have present gerund forms, including áèòü (to hit), åñòü (to eat), ïèòü (to drink) and õîòåòü (to want). Past Take the masculine past tense of the perfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -â (or âøèñü for reflexive verbs): cäåëàòü cäåëà-ë cäåëàâ ([after] having done/made) óëûáíóòüñÿ óëûáíó-ëñÿ óëûáíóâøèñü ([after] having smiled) ñêàçàòü ñêàçà-ë ñêàçàâ ([after] having said/told)

Gerunds for most perfective verbs in -òè have final -ÿ; e.g. ïðîéäÿ ([after] having passed), ïðèäÿ (having arrived) and ïðèíåñÿ ([after] having brought).

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete the sentences in column A using the constructions with gerunds in column Á. A

1. _______, ñòàðàéòåñü çàïîìíèòü íå òîëüêî òåîðèþ, íî è ïðèìåðû. 2. Îíà ñèäåëà ó îêíà, _______. 3. Îíè , _______, ïðîäîëæàëè èãðàòü â ãîëüô. 4. Íåëüçÿ îòïðàâëÿòüñÿ â ïóòåøåñòâèå ïî Ñèáèðè, _______. 5. Îí, _______, ïðîäîëæàë ñâîþ ïðîãóëêó ïî ïàðêó. 6. _______, îí íà÷àë ïåðåâîäèòü òåêñò. 7. Ïîæèëîé ÷åëîâåê âûøåë èç àâòîáóñà, _______. 8. Îíè ïîïðîùàëèñü, _______. çàïîìèíàòü (I) / çàïîìíèòü (II) ïðèìåð ïîæèëîé (ïî-)çàáîòèòüñÿ (çàáî÷óñü, çàáîòèøüñÿ) î (+ prep) ñèäåíüå

396

to memorize, remember example elderly to be worried about seat

Á íå îáðàùàÿ âíèìàíèÿ íà øóì çàáûâ íà ñèäåíüå ñâîé çîíò íå çàìå÷àÿ íà÷àâøåãîñÿ äîæäÿ ïîæàâ äðóã äðóãó ðóêè äóìàÿ î òîì, ãäå ñåé÷àñ ìîæåò íàõîäèòüñÿ êîðàáëü å¸ ìóæà âûó÷èâ íîâûå ñëîâà ïîâòîðÿÿ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ïðàâèëà íå ïîçàáîòèâøèñü î ò¸ïëîé îäåæäå

ïîæèìàòü (I) / ïîæàòü (ïîæìó, ïîæì¸øü) ðóêó (+ dat) êîðàáëü (m) ïîâòîðÿòü (I) / ïîâòîðèòü (II) ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ïðàâèëà (ïî-)ïðîùàòüñÿ c (+ instr) (I)

to shake (s.one’s) hand ship to repeat, revise rules of grammar to say goodbye (to)

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Óñëûøàâ î áîëåçíè Íèêîëàÿ, Ñëûøà î áîëåçíè Íèêîëàÿ,

äðóçüÿ ñðàçó æå îòïðàâèëèñü â áîëüíèöó óçíàòü î ñîñòîÿíèè åãî çäîðîâüÿ.

Chapter 20

Activity Fifteeen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Choose the appropriate gerund construction to complete the following sentences. Listen to the tape to check your answers.

ñèäÿ â êðåñëå.

2. Îí ÷èòàë ãàçåòó,

ïîñèäåâ â êðåñëå. çàíèìàÿñü 2 ÷àñà ðóññêèì ÿçûêîì.

3. Îíè ïîøëè ãóëÿòü, 4. ×èòàÿ ñòàòüþ î ãèáåëè ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè «Êóðñê», Ïðî÷èòàâ ñòàòüþ î ãèáåëè ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè «Êóðñê»,

ïîçàíèìàâøèñü 2 ÷àñà ðóññêèì ÿçûêîì. ìîðÿêè ðåøèëè ïîìî÷ü ñåìüÿì ïîãèáøèõ òîâàðèùåé.

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Writing/Listening Choose the most appropriate complement to the following gerund constructions. Listen to the tape to check your answers. 1. Óñëûøàâ î òîì, ÷òî å¸ ðàáîòà ïðèçíàíà ëó÷øåé,

îíà ðàäîñòíî ñ íèì ïîçäîðîâàëàñü. ÿ ñåáÿ ïëîõî ïî÷óâñòâîâàë.

3. Ïðîñíóâøèñü,

ÿ ñåáÿ ïëîõî ÷óâñòâóþ.

4. Ìàëü÷èê ïîïàë ïîä ìàøèíó, Ìàëü÷èê ïîïàä¸ò ïîä ìàøèíó,

A new ab initio Russian course

Ìàøà ïîêðàñíåëà îò ðàäîñòè. îíà ðàäîñòíî c íèì çäîðîâàåòñÿ.

2. Óâèäåâ Íèêîëàÿ,

ñîñòîÿíèå ãèáåëü (f) ïîäâîäíàÿ ëîäêà ìîðÿê ïîãèáàòü (I) / ïîãèáíóòü (ïîãèáíó, ïîãèáíåøü) (ïî-)êðàñíåòü (êðàñíåþ, êðàñíååøü)

Ìàøà êðàñíååò îò ðàäîñòè.

state death, demise submarine sailor to perish to turn red

ïåðåáåãàÿ ÷åðåç óëèöó.

ðàäîñòü (f) ðàäîñòíî (ïî-)çäîðîâàòüñÿ (I) ñ (+ instr)

joy joyously to greet (s.one), say hello (to s.one) to fall under

ïîïàäàòü (I) / ïîïàñòü (ïîïàäó, ïîïàä¸øü) ïîä (+ acc) ïåðåáåãàòü (I) / ïåðåáåæàòü to run across (ïåðåáåãó, ïåðåáåæèøü) ÷åðåç (+ acc)

397

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

ABBREVIATIONS

There are several types of abbreviation in Russian:

1) stump-compounds: Ìîññîâåò = Ìîñêîâñêèé ñîâåò (Moscow City Council), Ãîðãàç = Ãîðîäñêîé ãàç (City Gas), çàâêëóáîì = çàâåäóþùèé êëóáîì (manager of a club), ðàéêîì = ðàéîííûé êîìèòåò (district committee), êîëõîç = êîëëåêòèâíîå õîçÿéñòâî (collective farm), êîìäèâ = êîìàíäóþùèé äèâèçèåé (division commander), etc.

2) alphabetisms: a) abbreviations using the names of the initial letters of words; e.g. ÊÏÐ [êà-ïý-ýð] = Êîììóíèñòè÷åñêàÿ ïàðòèÿ Ðîññèè (Communist Party of Russia), ÑÑÑÐ [ýñ-ýñ-ýñ-ýð] = Ñîþç Ñîâåòñêèõ Ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêèõ Ðåñïóáëèê (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), ÝÂÌ [ý-âý-ýì] = ýëåêòðîííî-âû÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ìàøèíà (computer, literally electronic computing machine), etc. b) acronyms formed from the initial letters of words; e.g. âóç = âûñøåå ó÷åáíîå çàâåäåíèå ´ (institute of higher education), ÌÕÀÒ = Ìîñêîâñêèé õóäîæåñòâåííûé àêàäåìè÷åñêèé òåàòð (Moscow Arts Theatre), ÎÎÍ [îîí] = Îðãàíèçàöèÿ Îáúåäèíåííûõ Íàöèé (United Nations), etc.

3) syllable-initial combinations: ïåäâóç = ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîå âûñøåå ó÷åáíîå çàâåäåíèå (college of education), càìáî = ñàìîîáîðîíà áåç îðóæèÿ (unarmed combat), ãîðîíî = Ãîðîäñêîé îòäåë íàðîäíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ (Municipal Department of National Education), ñîáåñ = ñîöèàëüíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå (social security), etc. Determining gender and number i)

ii)

The gender and declension of stump-compounds and syllable-initial combinations is generally determined by their ending; e.g. masculine: ðàéêîì, ñîáåñ; feminine: ñòåíãàçåòà (wall newspaper); neuter: ñàìáî (unarmed combat). The gender of abbreviations and of acronyms using initial letters usually reflects the gender of the central noun in the phrase; e.g. masculine: ÍÈÈ [íèè] = íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò (scientific research institute), ÌÃÓ [ýì-ãý-ó] = Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò (Moscow State University); feminine: ÒÝÖ = òåïëîâàÿ ýëåêòðîöåíòðàëü (thermal power station), ÀÒÑ [à-òý-ýñ] = àâòîìàòè÷åñêàÿ òåëåôîííàÿ ñòàíöèÿ (automatic telephone exchange); neuter: ÑÍà [ýñ-ýí-ãý] = Ñîäðóæåñòâî íåçàâèñèìûõ ãîñóäàðñòâ (the Commonwealth of Independent States); plural: ßÊ [ÿ-êà-âý] = ÿäåðíûå êîñìè÷åñêèå âîîðóæåíèÿ (nuclear space armaments). The gender of some common alphabetisms is, however, determined by their final letter (and not by the central noun); e.g. ÌÈÄ [ìèä] = Ìèíèñòåðñòâî èíîñòðàííûõ äåë (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), ÍÝÏ [íýï] = íîâàÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ïîëèòèêà (New Economic Policy).

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Explain the meaning and derivation of the following abbreviations and acronyms with the help of a dictionary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 398

ïàðòêîì çàðïëàòà àâèàáàçà òóðôèðìà ñáåðêàññà

6. äåòñàä 7. ñïåöêîð 8. çàâêàôåäðîé 9. çàâìàã 10. ñîâõîç

11. óïðàâäîì 12. ñïèä 13. ÑØÀ 14. ÑÏ 15. ÎÂÈÐ

16. ÈÒÀÐ-ÒÀÑÑ 17. ÃÓËÀÃ 18. ÃÀÈ 19. ÊÏÑÑ 20. ÁÀÌ

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

PARTICIPLES

WHAT ARE PARTICIPLES?

Participles are words formed from a verb and used as an adjective which answer the question êàêîé? etc. Participles may either precede the noun or introduce a subordinate clause which replaces a verbal phrase (containing êîòîðûé).

Chapter 20

GRAMMAR

Ñòðîèòåëè, ðàáîòàþùèå [êàêèå?] íà äåâÿòîì ýòàæå, ïîëó÷àò ïðåìèþ. - The builders working [which ones?] on the ninth floor will receive a prize. Îí çíàåò äåâóøêó, ðàáîòàþùóþ (êàêóþ?) íàä ïðîåêòîì. - He knows the girl [which one?] working on the project. Ðàáîòàþùèõ (êàêèõ?) íàä ïðîåêòîì èíæåíåðîâ ïðèãëàñÿò íà îòêðûòèå âûñòàâêè. - The engineers working on the project will be invited to the opening of the exhibition.

As ‘adjectives’ participles change in terms of:

a) gender: ðàáîòàþùèé ïåíñèîíåð (working [male] pensioner, a male pensioner who works), ðàáîòàþùàÿ ïåíñèîíåðêà (a working [female] pensioner), ðàáîòàþùåå óñòðîéñòâî (a working principle) b) number: ðàáîòàþùèé ïåíñèîíåð - ðàáîòàþùèå ïåíñèîíåðû (working pensioners) c) case: ðàáîòàþùèé ïåíñèîíåð íå âåðíóëñÿ äîìîé (the working pensioner has not returned home), ÿ çíàþ ðàáîòàþùåãî ïåíñèîíåðà (I know a working pensioner) d) form (long and short - see Chapter 19): íàðèñîâàííûé öâåòîê (a painted flower) - öâåòîê áûë íàðèñîâàí (the flower was painted)

As ‘verbs’ they have the following grammatical features:

a) tense (present and past): ïåðåâîäÿùèé ([who is] translating) - ïåðåâîäèâøèé (who was translating) b) perfective and imperfective aspects (according to their stem): ñòðîèâøèé (who was building / used to build) - ïîñòðîèâøèé (who [has/had] built) c) active and passive voice: ïåðåâîäÿùèé ([who is] translating) - ïåðåâîäèìûé ([which is] translated)

TYPES OF PARTICIPLES

There are five types of participles: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

present active: ïåðåâîäÿùèé ([who is] translating) past active (imperfective): ïåðåâîäèâøèé ([who was] translating) past active (perfective): ïåðåâåäøèé ([who (has/had)] translated) present passive: ïåðåâîäèìûé ([which is] translated) (a) past passive long form: ïåðåâåä¸ííûé ([which has/had been] translated) (b) past passive short form: ïåðåâåä¸í / ïåâåäåíà (-î, -û) (translated)

HOW TO FORM PARTICIPLES 1. To form the present active participle, take the third person plural of the present tense (i.e. the imperfective aspect), remove the final -ò and add -ùèé etc.: äåëàòü äåëàþ-ò äåëàþùèé ([who/which is] doing/making) ÷èòàòü ÷èòàþ-ò ÷èòàþùèé ([who is] reading) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáàþ-òñÿ óëûáàþùèéñÿ* ([who is] smiling) äàâàòü äàþ-ò äàþùèé ([who/which is] giving) A new ab initio Russian course

399

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

âåñòè ñëåäîâàòü ãîâîðèòü ñàäèòüñÿ êðè÷àòü

âåäó-ò ñëåäóþ-ò ãîâîðÿ-ò ñàäÿ-òñÿ êðè÷à-ò

âåäóùèé ñëåäóþùèé ãîâîðÿùèé ñàäÿùèéñÿ* êðè÷àùèé

([who/which is] leading) ([who/which is] following) ([who is] speaking) ([who is] sitting down) ([who is] shouting)

e.g. ÿ çíàþ ñòóäåíòà, ãîâîðÿùåãî ïî-ðóññêè - I know the student who is speaking Russian íà äîðîæêå, âåäóùåé ê äà÷å - on the road leading to the dacha * Participles always have the reflexive ending -ñÿ.

2. To form the past active (imperfective) participle, take the masculine form of the past tense of the imperfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -âøèé etc. äåëàòü äåëà-ë äåëàâøèé ([who/which was] doing/making)* ÷èòàòü ÷èòà-ë ÷èòàâøèé ([who was] reading) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáà-ëñÿ óëûáàâøèéñÿ ([who was] smiling) äàâàòü äàâà-ë äàâàâøèé ([who/which was] giving) ñëåäîâàòü ñëåäîâà-ë ñëåäîâàâøèé ([who/which was] following) ãîâîðèòü ãîâîðè-ë ãîâîðèâøèé ([who] was speaking) ñàäèòüñÿ ñàäè-ëñÿ ñàäèâøèéñÿ ([who was] sitting down) êðè÷àòü êðè÷à-ë êðè÷àâøèé ([who was] shouting) Irregular past active (imperfective) participles âåñòè â¸ë âåäøèé ([who/which was] leading) èäòè ø¸ë øåäøèé ([who/which] was going) e.g. òû çíàåøü, ÷òî äåâóøêà, óëûáàâøàÿñÿ òåáå â ìåòðî, èçâåñòíàÿ àêòðèñà - you know that the girl who was smiling at you in the metro is a famous actress ÿ çíàþ ñòóäåíòà, ãîâîðèâøåãî ïî-ðóññêè - I know the student who was speaking Russian * Depending on context, äåëàâøèé etc. might also be translated as ‘who/which used to do/make’ or ‘who/which did/made’ (when there is no emphasis placed on completion).

3. To form the past active (perfective) participle, take the masculine form of the past tense of the perfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -âøèé etc. cäåëàòü cäåëà-ë cäåëàâøèé ([who/which] did/made)* ïðî÷èòàòü ïðî÷èòà-ë ïðî÷èòàâøèé ([who] read through) óëûáíóòüñÿ óëûáíó-ëñÿ óëûáíóâøèéñÿ ([who] smiled) äàòü äà-ë äàâøèé ([who/which] gave) ïîñëåäîâàòü ïîñëåäîâà-ë ïîñëåäîâàâøèé ([which] followed) ñêàçàòü ñêàçà-ë ñêàçàâøèé ([who] said/told) êðèêíóòü êðèêíó-ë êðèêíóâøèé ([who] shouted) Irregular past active (perfective) participles ïðèâåñòè ïðèâ¸-ë ïðèâåäøèé ([who/which] brought) ïðèéòè ïðèø¸ë ïðèøåäøèé ([who/which] arrived) e.g. ÿ çíàþ ó÷èòåëÿ, ñêàçàâøåãî, ÷òî ýêçàìåíà ñåãîäíÿ íåò - I know the teacher who said there was no exam today îí ãîâîðèë ìíå î íåäàâíî ïîëó÷èâøåì ïðèç ñòóäåíòå - he was telling me about the student who recently received a prize * Depending on context, ñäåëàâøèé etc. might also be translated as ‘who/which has/had done/made’ etc. (when emphasis is placed on completion). 400

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

äåëàòü ÷èòàòü íàçûâàòü óâàæàòü

äåëàåì ÷èòàåì íàçûâàåì óâàæàåì

äåëàåìûé ÷èòàåìûé íàçûâàåìûé óâàæàåìûé

ëþáèòü ïîâòîðèòü

ëþáèì ïîâòîðèì

ëþáèìûé ïîâòîðèìûé

([which is] done/made)* ([which is] read) ([which is] named) ([who/which is] respected = Dear in formal correspondence) ([who/which is] (be)loved = favourite) ([which is] repeated)

Chapter 20

4. To form the present passive participle, take the first person plural of the present tense (i.e. the imperfective aspect) of the transitive verb (i.e. a verb which takes a direct object) and add -ûé etc. Note that the present passive is the least common of the five participles, and many verbs (especially monosyllabic verbs, such as áðàòü and çíàòü, and second-conjugation verbs, such as ãîòîâèòü and ïëàòèòü) do not have this form.

e.g. ýòî òàê íàçûâàåìûé ìèíåðàë çäîðîâüÿ è óäà÷è - ìàëàõèò - this is the so-called mineral of health and success - Malachite * Depending on context, äåëàåìûé etc. might also be translated as ‘which is being done/made’ etc.

5. (a) The past passive participle long form is formed from the perfective aspect of transitive verbs (i.e. verbs which take a direct object), as follows: (i) for most verbs ending in -àòü or -ÿòü, remove the final -òü and add -ííûé cäåëàòü ïðî÷èòàòü ïîòåðÿòü

ñäüëàííûé** ïðî÷¿òàííûé ïîòüðÿííûé

([which was] done/made) ([which was] read) ([who/which was] lost)

(ii) for most other verbs, take the 1st and 2nd person singular of the future tense. Replace the final -ó /-þ of the 1st person singular by -åííûé if the 2nd person ending is unstressed; e.g.

ïîëó÷¿òü ïîëó÷å

ïîëå÷èøü

ïîëå÷åííûé

êóï¿òü êóïëø âÏðàçbòü âÏðàæó

êåïèøü âÏðàçèøü

êåïëåííûé âÏðàæåííûé

([who/which was] received) ([which was] bought) ([which was] expressed)

ïðèíåñò¿ ðåø¿òü

ïðèíåñ¸øü ðåø¿øü

ïðèíåñ¸ííûé ðåø¸ííûé

([who/which] was brought) ([which was] decided)

or replace the final ó /-þ of the 1st person singular by -¸ííûé if the 2nd person singular ending is stressed; e.g. ïðèíåñå ðåøå

(iii) for verbs with infinitives in -óòü, -ûòü, -åòü and -åðåòü, monosyllabic verbs ending in -èòü and -åòü, compound verbs ending in -íÿòü, and other miscellaneous verbs, take the infinitive, remove the final -òü and add -òûé; e.g. çàêðûòü óáèòü ðàçáèòü çàíÿòü âçÿòü íà÷àòü

çàêðûóáèðàçáèçàíÿâçÿíà÷à-

e.g. (preceding the noun)

çàêðûòûé óáèòûé ðàçáèòûé çàíÿòûé âçÿòûé íà÷àòûé

([which was] closed) ([who was] killed) ([which was] broken) ([who/which was] occupied) ([who/which was] taken) ([which was] begun)

ìû íàøëè ïîòåðÿííûé êîøåë¸ê - we found the lost purse ÿ çàìåòèëà çàêðûòîå îêíî - I noticed a closed window

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401

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

îí ïîðåçàëñÿ î ðàçáèòîå ñòåêëî - he cut himself on the broken glass (introducing a subordinate clause) îíà ÷èòàåò êíèãó, íàïèñàííóþ ìîèì ñûíîì*** - she is reading a book written by my son ÿ ó÷óñü â óíèâåðñèòåòå, îñíîâàííîì â 1922 ãîäó - I go to a university founded in 1922 ìû æèâ¸ì â äîìå, ïîñòðîåííîì ôèííàìè - we live in a house built by the Finns * In these verbs the stress normally falls on the syllable before the suffix. ** Depending on context, ñäüëàííûé etc. might also be translated as ‘which has/had been done/ made’ etc. ***The word ‘by’ in passive constructions is expressed by the Instrumental case (without a preposition).

(b) The past passive participle short form is formed from the perfective aspect of transitive verbs in the same way as the long form, but has short adjectival endings (cf. ãîòîâ, ãîòîâà, ãîòîâî, ãîòîâû) and is always used predicatively (i.e. after the verb ‘to be’):

ñäåëàí (m), çàêðûò (m), ïðîäàí (m),

ñäåëàíà (f), çàêðûòà (f), ïðîäàíà (f),

ñäåëàíî (n), çàêðûòî (n), ïðîäàíî (pl),

ñäåëàíû (pl) çàêðûòû (pl) ïðîäàíû (pl)

(done, made) (closed) (sold)

ðåø¸ííûé:

ðåø¸í (m),

ðåøåíá (f),

ðåøåíó (n),

ðåøåíÏ (pl) (decided)

Note that short passive participles derived from long forms ending in -¸ííûé and -åííûé have stress on the final syllable: e.g. áèëåò ïðîäàí áèëåò áûë ïðîäàí áèëåò áóäåò ïðîäàí áèëåòû áûëè êóïëåíû ìîèì áðàòîì çàâòðà áèáëèîòåêà áóäåò çàêðûòà

(the ticket is/has been sold) (the ticket was sold) (the ticket will be sold) (the tickets were bought by my brother) (the library will be closed tomorrow)

SUMMARY OF PARTICIPLE CHARACTERISTICS

verb Imperfective Perfective

participle transitive intransitive transitive intransitive

present + + -

Active

past + + + +

present + -

Passive

past + + -

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Fill in the gaps in the text, putting the verbs in brackets in an appropriate form. Listen to the tape to check your answers. 1.  êîìíàòå ñèäèò ÷åëîâåê, (ðàññêàçûâàòü) ______________ î ïóòåøå ñòâèè âîêðóã ñâåòà. 2. Ñòóäåíòêà, (÷èòàòü)______________ ñòàòüþ, ñêîðî áóäåò ñäàâàòü ýêçàìåíû, (ïîñâÿùàòü) ______________ âîïðîñàì ãðàììàòèêè.

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Change the sentences as appropriate, using past participle forms for the verbs in bold, as in the model below.

Chapter 20

3. Æóðíàëèñò áåñåäîâàë ñ ïèñàòåëåì, (íàïèñàòü) ______________ êíèãó îá Àðêòèêå. (Íàïèñàòü)______________ èì êíèãà áûëà ïåðåâåäåíà íà ìíîãèå ÿçûêè ìèðà. 4. Åù¸ íå (èçó÷èòü) ______________ ïðîáëåìû ïðèâëåêàþò âíèìàíèå ó÷¸íûõ. 5. Íèêåì íå (çàìåòèòü) ______________, îí áûñòðî ïðîø¸ë â ñâîé êàáèíåò.

à) Çäåñü ñêîðî ïîñòðîÿò íîâûå äîìà, øêîëû è êèíîòåàòðû. - Ñêîðî íîâûå äîìà, øêîëû è êèíîòåàòðû áóäóò ïîñòðîåíû çäåñü. á) Çäàíèå óíèâåðñèòåòà ïîñòðîèëè â 1949 ãîäó. - Çäàíèå óíèâåðñèòåòà áûëî ïîñòðîåíî â 1949 ãîäó. â) Êèíîòåàòð óæå ïîñòðîèëè, òàì èäóò èíòåðåñíûå ôèëüìû. - Êèíîòåàòð óæå ïîñòðîåí, è òàì èäóò èíòåðåñíûå ôèëüìû.

1. à) Ýêñïåðèìåíò, íà÷àòûé íàìè â â ýòîì ãîäó, â ñëåäóþùåì ãîäó áóäóò ïðîäîëæàòü ìîëîäûå ó÷¸íûå. á) Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî íîâîãî çäàíèÿ óíèâåðñèòåòà ïðîäîëæàò ÷åðåç òðè ãîäà. â) Äåëî Ì. Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà ïðîäîëæèëè ïîñëå åãî ñìåðòè. 2. à) Ñòèõîòâîðåíèÿ Ì. Öâåòàåâîé èçäàäóò â êîíöå ãîäà. á) Ñîáðàíèå ñî÷èíåíèé À. Ñ. Ïóøêèíà òîëüêî ÷òî èçäàëè, è êíèã åù¸ íåò â ìàãàçèíàõ. â) Ðîìàí Ë. Òîëñòîãî «Âîéíà è ìèð» èçäàëè â äâóõ òîìàõ äâà ãîäà íàçàä.

3. à)  ãàçåòàõ ñîîáùàþò, ÷òî àâòîáóñíûå ìàðøðóòû èçìåíÿò. á) Áóäüòå âíèìàòåëüíû: ãðàôèê äâèæåíèÿ àâòîáóñîâ èçìåíèëè. â) Ìàðøðóò 5-îãî òðîëëåéáóñà èçìåíèëè åù¸ â íà÷àëå ãîäà.

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Replace the participles in the following sentences with subordinate clauses containing êîòîðûé, as in the models below. Äåâóøêà, ñèäÿùàÿ íàïðîòèâ ìåíÿ, ÷èòàëà êíèãó. - Äåâóøêà, êîòîðàÿ ñèäåëà íàïðîòèâ ìåíÿ, ÷èòàëà êíèãó.

1. Çðèòåëè, ñèäÿùèå â çàëå, îæèäàëè íà÷àëà ôèëüìà.

2. Ïàññàæèð, çàáûâøèé ñâîé ïîðòôåëü â àâòîáóñå, äîëæåí ïîçâîíèòü â Áþðî íàõîäîê. âîêðóã ñâåòà ïðèâëåêàòü (I) / ïðèâëå÷ü (ïðèâëåêó, ïðèâëå÷¸øü) âíèìàíèå ñòèõîòâîðåíèå èçäàâàòü (èçäàþ, èçäà¸øü) / èçäàòü (èçäàì, èçäàøü)

A new ab initio Russian course

around the world to attract attention poem to publish

ñîáðàíèå ñî÷èíåíèé ñîîáùàòü (I) / ñîîáùèòü (II) èçìåíÿòü (I) / èçìåíèòü (II) âíèìàòåëüíûé ãðàôèê äâèæåíèÿ ìàðøðóò

collection of works to inform to change careful transport timetable route

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Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

3. Ëþäè, çàíèìàþùèåñÿ ñïîðòîì, çàáîòÿòñÿ î ñâî¸ì çäîðîâüå.

4. Ìîè äðóçüÿ, ïðèåõàâøèå îòäûõàòü â Êðûì, ïðîâîäèëè öåëûé äåíü íà ïëÿæå. Ïîñòðîåííûé â 1972 ãîäó òåàòð çàêðûò íà ðåìîíò. - Òåàòð, êîòîðûé ïîñòðîèëè â 1972 ãîäó, çàêðûò íà ðåìîíò.

5. Çàáûòàÿ â àâòîáóñå ñóìêà ëåæàëà íà ñèäåíüå. 6. Ïðî÷èòàííàÿ êíèãà áûëà î÷åíü èíòåðåñíîé. 7. Îíà âûáðîñèëà ðàçáèòóþ ÷àøêó.

8. ß èñêàëà â áèáëèîòåêå ïåðåâåä¸ííûå íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñòèõè À. Ïóøêèíà. Ïðèãëàø¸ííàÿ ìíîé â òåàòð äåâóøêà æäàëà ó âõîäà. - Äåâóøêà, êîòîðóþ ÿ ïðèãëàñèë â òåàòð, æäàëà ó âõîäà.

9. Èçó÷åííàÿ íàìè ëèòåðàòóðà äàëà íàì âîçìîæíîñòü íàïèñàòü ðåôåðàò.

10. Çàïèñàííûå ñòóäåíòàìè ëåêöèè ïîìîãëè èì ïîäãîòîâèòüñÿ ê ýêçàìåíàì. 11. Ïîäàðåííàÿ îòöîì êíèãà áûëà î÷åíü èíòåðåñíîé.

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Change the following sentences, using (á) subordinate clauses containing êîòîðûé and (â) past participles, as in the model below. à) Ñòóäåíò íàïèñàë êóðñîâóþ ðàáîòó. Êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà áûëà î÷åíü õîðîøåé. á) Êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà, êîòîðóþ íàïèñàë ñòóäåíò, áûëà î÷åíü õîðîøåé. â) Êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà, íàïèñàííàÿ ñòóäåíòîì, áûëà î÷åíü õîðîøåé.

1. Ïðåïîäàâàòåëü çàäàë ñòóäåíòó âîïðîñ. Âîïðîñ áûë î÷åíü òðóäíûì. 2. Ê íàì â ãîñòè ïðèåõàëà áàáóøêà. Áàáóøêà æèâ¸ò â äåðåâíå. 3. Åëåíà ïîñàäèëà â ñàäó öâåòû. Îíà êóïèëà öâåòû â öâåòî÷íîì ìàãàçèíå. 5. Îõîòíèêè ïîéìàëè ìåäâåäÿ. Ìåäâåäü áûë î÷åíü áîëüøèì. 6. Ìû êóïèëè êâàðòèðó. Êâàðòèðà áûëà â öåíòðå ãîðîäà. âûáðàñûâàòü (I) / âûáðîñèòü (âûáðîøó, âûáðîñèøü) ðåôåðàò çàïèñûâàòü (I) / çàïèñàòü (çàïèøó, çàïèøåøü) êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà

404

to throw away paper, essay to record project

çàäàâàòü (çàäàþ, çàäà¸øü) / çàäàòü (çàäàì, çàäàøü) âîïðîñ ñàæàòü (I) / ïîñàäèòü (ïîñàæó, ïîñàäèøü) öâåòî÷íûé ìàãàçèí îõîòíèê

to ask a question to plant flower shop hunter

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Gerunds are verbal adverbs which substitute for English forms such as ‘when …’, ‘while …’, ‘and …’, ‘since …’, ‘by …’, ‘without … + ing’ etc., in the present tense, and for ‘(after) having …’ + the past participle in the past tense. The present gerund denotes simultaneously occurring actions, while the past gerund is used to describe one action which precedes another. Unlike participles, gerunds are indeclinable.

Chapter 20

GERUNDS

HOW TO FORM THE GERUND

Present Take the third person plural of the present tense (i.e. the imperfective aspect) remove the final two letters and add -ÿ (or -à after æ, ÷, ø and ù): äåëàòü äåëà-þò äåëàÿ ([while/when etc.] doing/making) ÷èòàòü ÷èòà-þò ÷èòàÿ ([while/when etc.] reading) óëûáàòüñÿ óëûáàþò-ñÿ óëûáàÿñü* ([while/when etc.] smiling) âåñòè âåä-óò âåäÿ ([while/when etc.] leading) ñëåäîâàòü ñëåäó-þò ñëåäóÿ ([while/when etc.] following) ãîâîðèò ãîâîð-ÿò ãîâîðÿ ([while/when etc.] speaking) ñàäèòüñÿ ñàä-ÿòñÿ ñàäÿñü* ([while/when etc.] sitting down) êðè÷àòü êðè÷-àò êðè÷à ([while/when etc.] shouting) Irregular present gerunds äàâàòü âñòàâàòü áûòü

äàâàÿ âñòàâàÿ áóäó÷è

([while/when etc.] giving) ([while/when etc.] getting up) ([while etc.] being)

* Gerunds from reflexive verbs take the ending - ñü.

e.g. ãîâîðÿ ñ ìóæåì, îíà âñåãäà õìóðèòñÿ [= ïîêà îíà ãîâîðèò ...] - while speaking to her husband she always frowns îí ÷àcòî êóðèò òðóáêó, ÷èòàÿ ãàçåòó [= êîãäà îí ÷èòàåò ...] - he often smokes a pipe when reading the newspaper íå òåðÿÿ âðåìåíè, îíà âûçâàëà âðà÷à - without wasting time, she called for a doctor Note that some verbs, especially monosyllabic verbs, do not have present gerund forms, including áèòü (to hit), åñòü (to eat), æäàòü (to wait), ïåòü (to sing), ïèòü (to drink), ðåçàòü (to cut) and õîòåòü (to want). Occasionally an alternative form may be used; e.g. âûïèâàÿ ([while/when] drinking) and îæèäàÿ ([while/when] waiting). Past Take the masculine past tense of the perfective aspect, remove the final -ë and add -â (or -âøèñü for reflexive verbs): cäåëàòü cäåëà-ë cäåëàâ ([after] having done/made) ïðî÷èòàòü ïðî÷èòà-ë ïðî÷èòàâ ([after] having read through) óëûáíóòüñÿ óëûáíó-ëñÿ óëûáíóâøèñü ([after] having smiled) äàòü äà-ë äàâ ([after] having given) ïîñëåäîâàòü ïîñëåäîâà-ë ïîñëåäîâàâ ([after] having followed) ñêàçàòü ñêàçà-ë ñêàçàâ ([after] having said/told) êðèêíóòü êðèêíó-ë êðèêíóâ ([after] having shouted) Irregular past gerunds âûðàñòè âûðîñ ñïàñòè ñïàñ

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âûðîñøè ñïàñøè

([after] having grown up) ([after] having saved)

405

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

e.g. ñäåëàâ äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå, îí ë¸ã ñïàòü [= ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îí ñäåëàë] - having done his homework he went to bed îíà ïîåõàëà â ãîðîä, êðèêíóâ «äî ñâèäàíèÿ, Êîëÿ» [= ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îíà êðèêíóëà] she set off for town, after shouting “goodbye, Kolya”

Note: some verbs have alternative forms in -â and -ÿ / -à; e.g. çàìåòèâ / çàìåòÿ (having noticed) and óâèäåâ / óâèäÿ (having seen). Gerunds for most perfective verbs in -òè also have final -ÿ; e.g. ïðîéäÿ ([after] having passed), ïðèäÿ (having arrived) and ïðèâåäÿ / ïðèíåñÿ ([after] having brought).

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Replace the clauses in the following complex sentences with constructions using the present gerund, as illustrated in the model below. Listen to the recording to check your answers. Êîãäà ÿ ãóëÿë â ïàðêå, ÿ âñòðåòèë ïðîôåññîðà Èâàíîâà. - Ãóëÿÿ â ïàðêå, ÿ âñòðåòèë ïðîôåññîðà Èâàíîâà.

1. Êîãäà ÿ ïóòåøåñòâîâàë ïî Êèòàþ, ÿ ñäåëàë ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ íàáëþäåíèé. 2. Êîãäà Ëèëÿ ñïåøèëà â ìàãàçèí çà ïðîäóêòàìè, îíà ñîñòàâèëà â óìå ñïèñîê íóæíûõ ïðîäóêòîâ. 3. Êîãäà À. Ïóøêèí íàõîäèëñÿ â Ìèõàéëîâñêîì, îí íàïèñàë ñâîè ëó÷øèå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ. 4. Êîãäà îí çàíèìàëñÿ ãèìíàñòèêîé, îí ñëîìàë íîãó. 5. Êîãäà îíà ïðîñìàòðèâàëà ãàçåòû, îíà èñêàëà ñòàòüè î ñïîðòå. Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing/Listening Replace the clauses in the following complex sentences with constructions using the past gerund, as illustrated in the model below. Listen to the recording to check your answers. Êîãäà ÿ ñäåëàëà äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå, ÿ ïîøëà â êèíî. - Ñäåëàâ äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå, ÿ ïîøëà â êèíî.

1. Êîãäà äåòè ïîãóëÿëè â ïàðêå, îíè âåðíóëèñü äîìîé. 2. Êîãäà îí óçíàë î ãðóáîñòè ñûíà, îòåö ñòðîãî íàêàçàë åãî. 3. Êîãäà Ìàêñèì âåðíóëñÿ èç óíèâåðñèòåòà, îí ïîîáåäàë, íåìíîãî îòäîõíóë è ñåë çàíèìàòüñÿ. 4. Êîãäà Íàäÿ ïîëó÷èëà ïîñûëêó îò ñåñòðû, îíà ñðàçó æå íàïèñàëà åé ïèñüìî. 5. Êîãäà îíà âûãëÿíóëà èç îêíà, îíà óâèäåëà, ÷òî ê äà÷å ïðèáëèæàþòñÿ íåçíàêîìûå ëþäè. íàáëþäåíèå ñîñòàâëÿòü (I) / ñîñòàâèòü (ñîñòàâëþ, ñîñòàâèøü) ñïèñîê â óìå ïðîèçâåäåíèå ïðîñìàòðèâàòü (I) / ïðîñìîòðåòü (II) ãðóáîñòü (f)

406

observation to compile a list in one’s head work (of art) to look through rudeness

ñòðîãî íàêàçûâàòü (I) / íàêàçàòü (íàêàæó, íàêàæåøü) âûãëÿäûâàòü (I) /âûãëÿíóòü (âûãÿíó, âûãëÿíåøü) èç (+ gen) ïðèáëèæàòüñÿ (I) / ïðèáëèçèòüñÿ (ïðèáëèæóñü, ïðèáëèçèøüñÿ)

sternly, severely to punish to look out of to approach

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. Äóìàÿ î ðîäèíå, îíà âñåãäà ïëà÷åò. [Êîãäà …] 2. Èçó÷àÿ èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè, ìû óçíà¸ì êóëüòóðó ðàçíûõ íàðîäîâ. [Êîãäà …] 3. Ðàáîòàÿ ñ óòðà äî íî÷è íà çàâîäå, îí âñ¸ æå íàõîäèë âðåìÿ äëÿ ñûíà. [Õîòÿ …] 4. Ïîëüçóÿñü ñëîâàð¸ì, òû ñìîæåøü ïåðåâåñòè ýòîò òåêñò íà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. [Åñëè …] 5. Æåëàÿ î÷åíü õîðîøî ñäàòü ýêçàìåíû, Âèêòîð çàíèìàëñÿ äàæå â âûõîäíûå äíè. [×òîáû …] 7. Óñëûøàâ î áîëåçíè Íèêîëàÿ, äðóçüÿ ñðàçó æå îòïðàâèëèñü â áîëüíèöó óçíàòü î ñîñòîÿíèè åãî çäîðîâüÿ. [Êîãäà…] 8. Ïðî÷èòàâ ñòàòüþ î ãèáåëè ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè «Êóðñê», ìîðÿêè ðåøèëè ïîìî÷ü ñåìüÿì ïîãèáøèõ ìîðÿêîâ. [Ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ...] 9. Óâèäåâ Íèêîëàÿ, îíà ðàäîñòíî ñ íèì ïîçäîðîâàëàñü. [Êîãäà …] 10. Âñïîìíèâ î Íàòàøå, Þëÿ ïîçâîíèëà åé. [Êîãäà …]

Chapter 20

Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Replace the gerunds in the following sentences with clauses containing the conjunctions provided in the square brackets.

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå Reading Read the text below and answer the following questions in English, using the vocabulary on the following page. Then state in the table provided the part of speech (e.g. present gerund or present active participle, accusative plural) indicated by the words which are in bold in the text. The first one is done for you. Îñåííûé ëåñ (È. Ñîêîëîâ-Ìèêèòîâ)

Îñîáåííî êðàñèâ è ïå÷àëåí ðóññêèé ëåñ â ðàííèå îñåííèå äíè. Íà çîëîòîì ôîíå ïîæåëòåâøåé ëèñòâû âûäåëÿþòñÿ ÿðêèå ïÿòíà ðàñêðàøåííûõ êë¸íîâ è îñèí. Ìåäëåííî êðóæàñü â âîçäóõå, ïàäàþò ñ áåð¸ç ïîæåëòåâøèå ë¸ãêèå ëèñòüÿ. Òèõî. Øåëåñòèò ïîä íîãàìè îïàâøàÿ ñóõàÿ ëèñòâà. Êîå-ãäå êðàñíååò øëÿïêà ïîçäíåãî ïîäîñèíîâèêà. ×òî-òî ãðóñòíîå, ïðîùàëüíîå ñëûøèòñÿ è âèäèòñÿ â îñåííåì ëåñó. Èä¸øü ïî òàêîìó îñåííåìó, ðàñöâå÷åííîìó êðàñêàìè ëåñó, ìóçûêàëüíûì ïîýòè÷åñêèì ÷óâñòâîì íàïîëíÿåòñÿ äóøà. Áàáüèì ëåòîì íàçûâàëè â äåðåâíå ýòî îñåííåå êðàòêîå âðåìÿ. ðîäèíà âñ¸ æå

native land, home(-land) still, all the same

A new ab initio Russian course

(âîñ-)ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ (ïîëüçóþñü, ïîëüçóåøüñÿ) (+ instr) ñîñòîÿíèå

to use state

407

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

1. 2. 3. 4.

Which season is the author describing? What five words are used to describe the leaves? What emotion does the author feel during his walk in the forest? What is meant by the phrase «Áàáüå ëåòî» in the final line? ïîæåëòåâøåé ðàñêðàøåííûõ êðóæàñü ïîæåëòåâøèå îïàâøàÿ ðàñöâå÷åííîìó

Past active participle, Genitive singular

FILL VOWELS

Fill vowels are used to facilitate pronunciation in consonant clusters and normally occur 1. in the Nominative singular of masculine nouns with zero ending (e.g. -e- in îòåö, àìåðèêàíåö, ïàëåö) 2. in feminine / neuter Genitive plurals (e.g. äåâóøêè - äåâóøåê, ïîëêè - ïîëîê, êóõíè - êóõîíü) 3. in short-form masculine adjectives (e.g. áîëåí, äîâîëåí, òîíîê) 4. in the past tense (e.g. ø¸ë, í¸ñ) The choice of fill vowel (-o- or -e-)

i. after the consonants ã, ê and õ, always add -o- (e.g. êóõîíü, îêîí, êóêîë) ii. -o- is also added before ã, ê and õ (e.g. ìàðîê, êàðòîíîê, ïðèïàðîê), but if the preceding consonant is æ, ø, ÷ or ù), -e- is added instead (e.g. èãðóøåê, òî÷åê, ñòðî÷åê, íîæåê) iii. elsewhere in the Genitive plural the fill vowel is normally -e-, whether the preceding consonant is hard or soft (e.g. ñåìåé, êîïååê, ïèñåì, ì¸òåë) Note: when the first of two consonants in a consonant cluster is a hard ë, the fill vowel -o- is inserted in order to keep the ë hard; e.g. ïîëîê and ìåò¸ëîê. There are some clusters which do not have a fill vowel; e.g. áðèòâà - áðèòâ, îò÷åñòâî îò÷åñòâ, ïðîñüáà - ïðîñüá. Masculine nouns with stressed final -üÿ require a fill vowel in the Genitive plural; e.g. ìóæüÿ ìóæåé, äðóçüÿ - äðóçåé, ñûíîâüÿ - ñûíîâåé. ïå÷àëüíûé çîëîòîé ôîí (ïî-)æåëòåòü (æåëòåþ, æåëòååøü) ëèñòâà âûäåëÿòüñÿ (I) / âûäåëèòüñÿ (II) ÿðêèé ïÿòíî ðàñêðàøèâàòü (I) / ðàñêðàñèòü (ðàñêðàøó, ðàñêðàñèøü) êë¸í îñèíà (çà-)êðóæèòüñÿ (II) áåð¸çà øåëåñòåòü (II) (imp) îïàäàòü (I) / îïàñòü (îïàäó, îïàä¸øü)

408

sad golden background to turn yellow foliage to be marked out bright stain to paint maple aspen to spin round birch to rustle to fall off

êîå-ãäå øëÿïêà ïîäîñèíîâèê ïðîùàëüíûé ðàñöâå÷èâàòü (I) / ðàñöâåòèòü (II) êðàñêà íàïîëíÿòüñÿ (I) / íàïîëíèòüñÿ (II) äóøà êðàòêèé òî÷êà ñòðî÷êà (diminutive) íîæêà (diminutive) ìåòëà ìåò¸ëêà (diminutive) ïðîñüáà

here and there cap (of a mushroom) orange-cap boletus farewell, parting to adorn, paint in bright colours paint to fill soul, spirit short, brief full-stop line, stitch leg broom broom request

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Ñêîðî ñâàäüáà, à ìû åù¸ íå êóïèëè îáðó÷àëüíûõ ___________ (êîëüöà). Ìîÿ ñåñòðà î÷åíü ëþáèò ___________ (êîøêè). Ïî êîíòðàêòó ìû äîëæíû ïîëó÷èòü äâå òûñÿ÷è ___________ (áî÷êè) ïèâà. Ñëîâà èç ___________ (ñêîáêè) ïîñòàâüòå â íóæíîì ïàäåæå. Ƹíû îôèöåðîâ äàâíî íå âèäåëè ñâîèõ ___________ (ìóæüÿ). Àíäðåé ðåøèë, ÷òî íå ïîéä¸ò â êèíî áåç ___________ (äðóçüÿ). Îòåö íå ñòàë ñëóøàòü ___________ (ïðîñüáû) äåòåé. Êîëîêîëüíÿ Èâàíà Âåëèêîãî - îäíà èç ñàìûõ çàìå÷àòåëüíûõ ___________ (êîëîêîëüíè) â Ðîññèè. 9. Íèêîãäà åù¸ ó òåáÿ íå áûëî òàêèõ êðàñèâûõ ___________ (ñàïîæêè). 10.  âàøåì ñî÷èíåíèè íå õâàòàåò çàïÿòûõ è ___________ (òî÷êè).

Chapter 20

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå Reading/Writing Complete the sentences using the words in brackets in the appropriate form.

ÎÍÀ ËÞÁÈÒ ÊÎØÅÊ

îáðó÷àëüíîå êîëüöî áî÷êà ñêîáêè ïàäåæ êîëîêîëüíÿ A new ab initio Russian course

wedding ring barrel brackets (grammatical) case bell-tower

Èâàí Âåëèêèé çàìå÷àòåëüíûé íå õâàòàåò (+ gen) ñàïîæêè çàïÿòàÿ

Ivan the Great remarkable there is/are not enough boots comma

409

Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

È. Ñ. ÒÓÐÃÅÍÅÂ (1882)

«Âî äíè ñîìíåíèé, âî äíè òÿãîñòíûõ ðàçäóìèé î ñóäüáàõ ìîåé ðîäèíû, - òû îäèí ìíå ïîääåðæêà è îïîðà, î, âåëèêèé, ìîãó÷èé, ïðàâäèâûé è ñâîáîäíûé ðóññêèé ÿçûê!»

410

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

LISTENING

Àóäèðîâàíèå

LISTENING PASSAGES

Introductory Chapter - Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà Section I - Ïåðâàÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 3) Section II - Âòîðàÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 3) Section III - Òðåòüÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 4) Section IV - ×åòâ¸ðòàÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 5) Section V - Ïÿòàÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 6) Activity 4 (For the full text, see Page 7) Section VI - Øåñòàÿ ÷àñòü Activity 1 (For the full text, see Page 8) Pronunciation - Ïðîèçíîøåíèå Activity 1 - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 13) Activity 2 - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 14) Activity 3 - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 14) Activity 4 - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 15) Activity 5 - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Pages 15-16)

Chapter One - Ïåðâàÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 18) Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 19) Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 23) Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 24)

412

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 25)

Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 26) Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 26) - Êàê äåëà? - Êàê äåëà? - Êàê äåëà? - Êàê äåëà? - Êàê äåëà? - Êàê äåëà?

- Íè÷åãî. - Ñïàñèáî, õîðîøî. - Ïëîõî. - Íîðìàëüíî. - Óæàñíî. - Ñïàñèáî, î÷åíü õîðîøî.

Listening

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 25)

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Pages 28-9)

Chapter Two - Âòîðàÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 34) Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Pages 35-6) Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 38) Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 38) Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 39) Ìåíÿ çîâóò Èðèíà Ëåîíòüåâíà. ß æèâó â Íàõîäêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ïàâåë. ß æèâó â Âîðîíåæå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Åêàòåðèíà Ìèõàéëîâíà Ôîìèíà. ß æèâó â Åêàòåðèíáóðãå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Çîÿ. ß æèâó â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Äìèòðèé. ß æèâó â Íîâîñèáèðñêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ðîñòèñëàâ Ñòåïàíîâè÷. ß æèâó âî Âëàäèâîñòîêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Íàäåæäà Þðüåâíà. ß æèâó â Àðõàíãåëüñêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ô¸äîð Êîíñòàíòèíîâè÷ Ãàñòåâ. ß æèâó â Òîìñêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Êñåíèÿ. ß æèâó â Íîâîêóçíåöêå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Åëèçàâåòà Àëåêñååâíà. ß æèâó â Ðîñòîâå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Àíàòîëèé Êàñïàðîâ. ß æèâó â Ìîñêâå. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ñâåòëàíà. ß æèâó â Èðêóòñêå. Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 43) i. 12, 7, 16, 3, 11, 19, 8, 6, 2, 20, 4, 5, 1, 9, 13, 14, 15, 10, 12, 17, 18 5, 14, 19, 18, 12, 20, 1, 16, 15, 3, 9, 2, 13, 4, 11, 17, 19, 6, 8, 7, 10 2, 4, 7, 12, 11, 17, 18, 20, 1, 5, 15, 18, 14, 8, 13, 6, 9, 10, 19, 16, 3 15, 1, 6, 13, 12, 19, 20, 18, 17, 14, 2, 14, 7, 5, 4, 16, 3, 9, 10, 8, 11 ii. 2 + 17 12 + 8 20 – 16 17 – 15 9 + 10 14 – 9 – 3 13 + 17 – 8 20 + 12 – 3 – 11 A new ab initio Russian course

413

Àóäèðîâàíèå

iii. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 27, 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, 0 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55 1, 4, 9, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 44) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-

òåàòð óíèâåðñèòåò øêîëà îáùåæèòèå êèíî âîêçàë ïàðê ñîáîð ñòàäèîí ïàìÿòíèê

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 44) 1. äîì 10, êâ. 5 òåë. 63 - 11 - 54 2. äîì 19, êâ. 32 òåë. 99 - 18 - 07 3. äîì 86, êâ. 10 òåë. 13 - 37 - 91 4. äîì 135, êâ. 13 òåë. 48 - 72 - 39 5. äîì 66, êâ. 20 òåë. 41 - 08 - 67 6. äîì 74, êâ. 16 òåë. 59 - 84 - 67

Chapter Three - Òðåòüÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 52) Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå (Page 55) ß ðàáîòàþ â áàíêå. ß ïðåïîäàâàòåëü. ß ðàáîòàþ â Ëîíäîíñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. ß ôóòáîëèñò. ß èãðàþ â Ãåðìàíèè. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Àííà Øóêøèíà. ß ñòþàðäåññà. ß îôèöèàíòêà. ß ðàáîòàþ â ðåñòîðàíå «Êîñìîñ». ß ñòðîèòåëü. ß æèâó è ðàáîòàþ â Òáèëèñè. Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Pages 56-7) Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 57)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 414

Ìåíÿ çîâóò Àíäðåà. ß íåìêà. ß - Èãîðü. ß æèâó â Ðîññèè.  îáùåæèòèè æèâóò àìåðèêàíöû, àâñòðàëèéöû, êàíàäöû, àíãëè÷àíå è èíäèéöû. Ðîáåðò êàíàäåö. Îí æèâ¸ò â Ìîíðåàëå. Ðåáÿòà, êîòîðûå èãðàþò â ôóòáîë â ïàðêå, êèòàéöû. Áàëåðèíà íå ðóññêàÿ, à ÿïîíêà. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

7. 8.

Ìîé îòåö - èñïàíåö. Îí âðà÷ â ìàäðèäñêîé áîëüíèöå. Ìàìà èòàëüÿíêà. Îíà ðàáîòàåò ìåäñåñòðîé.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

ß èäó â êàôå «Ìàðñ» ïåøêîì. À ÿ åäó â Ïðàãó íà ìàøèíå. ß åäó â øêîëó íà àâòîáóñå. ß åäó â áîëüíèöó íà òðàìâàå. Ìû åäåì â Ïàðèæ íà ïîåçäå. À ìû èä¸ì â òåàòð ïåøêîì. ß åäó â Áîëüøîé òåàòð íà òàêñè. ß åäó â óíèâåðñèòåò íà âåëîñèïåäå.

Listening

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 58)

Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 60) Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 60) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

8.30 6.45 12.15 21.10 13.00 3.35 9.05 17.20 14.50 15.25

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 61) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

ß èäó íà ñòàäèîí â òðè ÷àñà. ß åäó â áèáëèîòåêó â äåâÿòü ÷àñîâ. ß èäó â ïàðê â ïÿòü ÷àñîâ. ß åäó â áîëüíèöó â ÷àñ. ß åäó íà äèñêîòåêó â ïîëíî÷ü. ß èäó â ìàãàçèí â îäèííàäöàòü ÷àñîâ.

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 61)  ïÿòíèöó ÿ ñëóøàþ èëè ðîê-í-ðîë èëè ðåããè. À â ñóááîòó ÿ ñëóøàþ ïîï-ìóçûêó. ß îáû÷íî ñëóøàþ ýñòðàäíóþ ìóçûêó â ñðåäó, à íàðîäíóþ ìóçûêó ÿ ñëóøàþ â ÷åòâåðã. ß ñëóøàþ äæàç â âîñêðåñåíüå. Âî âòîðíèê ÿ ñëóøàþ êëàññè÷åñêóþ ìóçûêó.

Chapter Four - ×åòâ¸ðòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 67) Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 68) Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 71) 1. 2. 3. 4.

ôóíòû äîëëàðû 50 85

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 71) A new ab initio Russian course

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Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 73) j,j vyt j nt,t j y/v j ytq j y/v j yfc j dfc j yb[ Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 74) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ò182 ... â Ìîñêâó Ò154 ... â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã Ò176 ... â Àôèíû Ò163 ... â Òåãåðàí

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 75) Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Page 76) Rjuj pyftn ghtgjlfdfntkm$ jy pyftn vtyz jy pyftn nt,z jy pyftn tuj jy pyftn t/ jy pyftn tuj jy pyftn yfc jy pyftn dfc jy pyftn b[ Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (Page 77) -

Çäðàâñòâóé, Ìàðèíà. Ïðèâåò, Êàòÿ. ×òî òû äåëàåøü? ß ÷èòàþ, à òû? ß ñëóøàþ ðàäèî. À ÷òî äåëàåò òâîé áðàò? Îí ãóëÿåò. À òâîÿ áàáóøêà? Îíà îòäûõàåò.

Activity Twenty-Five - Äâàäöàòü ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 77)

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Òàíÿ Íàòàøà Òàíÿ Íàòàøà Òàíÿ Íàòàøà

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Òàíÿ Íàòàøà Òàíÿ Íàòàøà Òàíÿ

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Ïðèâåò, Íàòàøà. Çäðàâñòâóé, Òàíÿ. Êàê äåëà? Ñïàñèáî, õîðîøî. ß ñåé÷àñ îäíà äîìà, ÷èòàþ è ñëóøàþ ìóçûêó. Îäíà? À ãäå òâîè äåòè è ìóæ? Äåòè ãóëÿþò â ïàðêå. Ñåãîäíÿ òàêàÿ õîðîøàÿ ïîãîäà. À ìóæ ó äÿäè Áîðè, îíè, êàæåòñÿ, èãðàþò â øàõìàòû. À òû ÷åì çàíèìàåøüñÿ? ß ÷åðåç ÷àñ åäó â àýðîïîðò âñòðå÷àòü ñåñòðó ìóæà, îíà ëåòèò ê íàì èç Ìîñêâû. À ïî÷åìó òû åäåøü îäíà, ãäå òâîé ìóæ? Òû ðàçâå íå çíàåøü, îí â Ëîíäîíå íà êîíôåðåíöèè. À, íà êîíôåðåíöèè. Íó, íå áóäó òåáÿ áîëüøå çàäåðæèâàòü. Ïîêà. Ñ÷àñòëèâî. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Èâàí äåëàåò çàðÿäêó, çàâòðàêàåò â âîñåìü ÷àñîâ è åäåò â èíñòèòóò íà àâòîáóñå. Îí îáû÷íî îáåäàåò â äâåíàäöàòü ÷àñîâ, à â òðè ÷àñà îí äåëàåò äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå. Îí óæèíàåò â ñåìü èëè âîñåìü ÷àñîâ. Âå÷åðîì îí ÷èòàåò æóðíàëû è ñìîòðèò òåëåâèçîð.

Ìàøà íå äåëàåò çàðÿäêó è íå çàâòðàêàåò. Îíà åäåò â èíñòèòóò íà âåëîñèïåäå. Îíà îáåäàåò â ÷àñ, à â äâà ÷àñà îíà äåëàåò äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå. Îíà óæèíàåò â øåñòü ÷àñîâ, ïîòîì îíà èãðàåò â øàõìàòû. Þðèé íå äåëàåò çàðÿäêó. Îí çàâòðàêàåò â äåâÿòü ÷àñîâ è èä¸ò â èíñòèòóò ïåøêîì. Îí íå îáåäàåò. Îí äåëàåò äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå â ÷åòûðå ÷àñà è óæèíàåò â äåâÿòü ÷àñîâ. Âå÷åðîì îí ñëóøàåò ìóçûêó.

Listening

Activity Twenty-Six - Äâàäöàòü øåñòîå çàäàíèå (Page 77)

Ìàðèíà äåëàåò çàðÿäêó, çàâòðàêàåò â ñåìü ÷àñîâ è åäåò â èíñòèòóò íà òðîëëåéáóñå. Îíà îáåäàåò â äâà ÷àñà è äåëàåò äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå â ïÿòü ÷àñîâ. Îíà óæèíàåò â ñåìü ÷àñîâ, ïîòîì îíà ñëóøàåò ìóçûêó.

Chapter Five - Ïÿòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (Page 85) Ctujlyz vs bl/v yf hsyjr& Pltcm ghjlf.ncz hfpyst ghjlerns% cdt;bt jdjob b aherns^ vfckj^ cdt;fz hs,f^ x/hyfz brhf^ f nfr;t [kt, b vzcj& Vs gjregftv ,tksq [kt,^ ,jkmibt rhfcyst gjvbljhs^ ptk/ysq gthtw b gjke;bhyjt vjkjrj& X/hyfz brhf jxtym ljhjufz^ b vs gjregftv hs,e& Gjnjv vs bl/v gjregfnm aherns& Vs ds,bhftv ;/knst ,fyfys& Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 88) 1,649; 300; 675; 1,283; 766; 500; 961; 800; 1,451; 1,996 Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 89) -

Crf;bnt gj;fkrqcnf^ crjkmrj cnjbn xfq$ 450 he,ktq rbkjuhfvv& Ghjcnbnt^ crjkmrj cnjbn vfckj$ 120 he,ktq rbkjuhfvv& F csh$ 130 he,ktq rbkjuhfvv&

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 91) z ns jy jyf jyj vs ds jyb

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vtyz nt,z tuj t/ tuj yfc dfc b[

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Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 92) Cthutq Cdtnf Cthutq Cdtnf

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Cdtnf^ z ble d vfufpby^ xnj yfv ye;yj regbnm$ E yfc ytn [kt,f b vjkjrf& Regb ,tksq [kt, b ,enskre vjkjrf& {jhjij^ f xnj to/$ Ctqxfc z gjcvjnh. d [jkjlbkmybrt^ xnj e yfc tcnm^ f xtuj ytn& Nfr^ e yfc tcnm kbvjys b vjhrjdm^ f djn gthwf ytn& Cth/;f^ gjcvjnhb yf cnjkt d dfpt tcnm ,fyfys$ Cthutq - Lf^ tcnm& A new ab initio Russian course

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C d t n f - {jhjij& To/ e yfc ytn vfckf b cshf& Regb gfxre vfckf b 200 uh& cshf& Cthutq - F rjat e yfc tcnm$ Cdtnf - Lf^ tcnm& F djn xfz ytn& Ye^ rf;tncz^ dc/& Jq^ xenm yt pf,skf^ to/ e yfc ytn cjrf b dbyf& Cthutq - F cfkfn ye;yj regbnm$ C d t n f - Ytn^ cfkfn e yfc tcnm& Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 94) 1. Êàêîå ýòî âèíî? Êàêîé ýòî õëåá? Êàêàÿ ýòî ðûáà? Êàêèå ýòî áàíàíû?

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Êàêîå âêóñíîå âèíî! Êàêîé âêóñíûé õëåá! Êàêàÿ âêóñíàÿ ðûáà! Êàêèå âêóñíûå áàíàíû!

2. Êàêîå ýòî ìàñëî? Êàêîé ýòî òîðò? Êàêàÿ ýòî êàïóñòà? Êàêèå ýòî îâîùè?

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Êàêîå âêóñíîå ìàñëî! Êàêîé âêóñíûé òîðò! Êàêàÿ âêóñíàÿ êàïóñòà! Êàêèå âêóñíûå îâîùè!

3. Êàêàÿ ýòî èêðà? Êàêîé ýòî êîôå? Êàêèå ýòî ôðóêòû? Êàêèå ýòî êîíôåòû?

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Êàêàÿ âêóñíàÿ èêðà! Êàêîé âêóñíûé êîôå! Êàêèå âêóñíûå ôðóêòû! Êàêèå âêóñíûå êîíôåòû!

Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 97)

Chapter Six - Øåñòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 101) Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå (Page 102) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

7,896 3,680 13,987 97,638 245,923

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

18,568 64,823 9,085 44,415 9,840,184

Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 103) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

184 59 32 767 54 29 38 12 12 57 46 83 230 67 84 413 48 19

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

895 08 65 32 31 99 83 17 444 15 184 96 45 963 78 84

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 103) Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 104) Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 104) Y f n f i f - Fkkj! Ckeif.& Cntgfy - Plhfdcndeq& Ýnj ns^ Yfnfif$ Y f n f i f - Lf^ ckeif.& 418

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

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Yfnfif Cntgfy Yfnfif Cntgfy -

Ýnj ujdjhbn Cntgfy& Gjvybim vtyz$ Rjytxyj gjvy.& Z cyjdf d Vjcrdt& E nt,z tcnm cdj,jlyjt dhtvz$ Lf^ tcnm& Lfdfq dcnhtnbvcz& Lfdfq& F rjulf$ Xthtp xfc^ e d[jlf d {hfv Cgfcbntkz& Ns pyftim^ ult yf[jlbncz {hfv Cgfcbntkz$ Ytn^ yt pyf.& Ýnj cjdctv yjdjt plfybt& Nfv^ ult hfymit yf[jlbkcz jnrhsnsq ,fcctqy «Vjcrdf»& Lf^ ctqxfc gjvy.& Lj dcnhtxb! Gjrf!

Listening

Cntgfy Yfnfif Cntgfy Yfnfif Cntgfy Yfnfif Cntgfy

Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 105) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Plhfdcndeqnt! Vtyz pjden Fyyf Gfdkjdyf& Vyt 46 ktn& Ghbdtn! Vtyz pjden Ufkz& Vyt 14 ktn& Vtyz pjden <jhbc Bdfyjdbx& Vyt 63 ujlf& F z - >hbq Gjgjd& Vyt 52 ujlf& Vtyz pjden Cdtnkfyf& Vyt 7 ktn& Dbrnjh Ke;rjd& 31 ujl& Plhfdcndeqnt! Vtyz pjden Ytkz Cthuttdyf& Vyt 43 ujlf& Vtyz pjden G/nh& Vyt 19 ktn& F z - Rfnz& Vyt 4 ujlf& Vtyz pjden Gfdtk J,kjvjd& Vyt 89 ktn&

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 108) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9& 10&

Cdtnkfyt Bdfyjdyt 46 ktn& <jhbce Ybrjkftdbxe 65 ktn& Cneltyne 19 ktn& Cneltynrt 20 ktn&
Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 109) Plhfdcndeqnt! Vtyz pjden Bdfy Gtnhjdbx Gtnhjd& Vyt jxtym yhfdbncz dbyj^ f nfr;t rjymzr^ yj vyt cjdctv yt yhfdbncz rjat& Z tuj ;tyf& Vtyz pjden Vfhbz& Vyt yhfdbncz rjat^ yj gbdj vyt yhfdbncz ,jkmit& Vyt cjdctv yt yhfdbncz xfq& Z b[ csy& Vtyz pjden >hbq& Vyt ,jkmit dctuj yhfdbncz rjymzr^ f nfr;t yhfdbncz xfq& Vyt cjdctv yt yhfdbncz gbdj& Vtyz pjden Bujhm& Vyt nj;t yt yhfdbncz gbdj& Vyt yhfdbncz rjat^ yj xfq yhfdbncz ,jkmit& Z - Fkz& Vyt ,jkmit dctuj yhfdbncz kbvjyfl^ f nfr;t dbyj& Vyt cjdctv yt yhfdbncz rjrf-rjkf& Z t/ ctcnhf& Vtyz pjden Trfnthbyf bkb ghjcnj Rfnz& Vyt jxtym-jxtym yhfdbncz rjrf-rjkf^ f nfr;t rjat^ yj vyt cjdctv yt yhfdbncz gbdj& Activity Twenty-Four - Äâàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 111) A new ab initio Russian course

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Chapter Seven - Ñåäüìàÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (Page 119) Äîðîãèå ãîñòè!  íàøåé ãîñòèíèöå ê Âàøèì óñëóãàì èìåþòñÿ: ðåñòîðàí, áóôåò, áàð, áàññåéí, ïàðèêìàõåðñêàÿ, ïðîêàò ìàøèí è ñïóòíèêîâîå òåëåâèäåíèå. Ðåñòîðàí è áàð ðàñïîëîæåíû íà âòîðîì ýòàæå, áóôåò - íà ÷åòâ¸ðòîì ýòàæå, áàññåéí è ïàðèêìàõåðñêàÿ - íà òðåòüåì ýòàæå, ïðîêàò ìàøèí ðàñïîëîæåí íà ïåðâîì ýòàæå, ñïóòíèêîâîå òåëåâèäåíèå åñòü íà âñåõ ýòàæàõ. Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 122) Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 122) Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 124)

Chapter Eight - Âîñüìàÿ ãëàâà Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 137) Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 140) Äî çàâòðàêà ìîæíî äàòü ðåá¸íêó ôðóêòîâûé ñîê (äâåñòè ãðàìì) èëè ìîëîêî (äâåñòè ãðàìì), ïîòîì îìëåò (âîñåìüäåñÿò ãðàìì) èëè îäíî ÿéöî âêðóòóþ èëè âñìÿòêó, èëè îëàäüè ñî ñìåòàíîé (äâåñòè ãðàìì), èëè ðèñîâóþ/ìàííóþ êàøó (äâåñòè ãðàìì). Èíîãäà ìîæíî äàòü òâîðîã ñî ñìåòàíîé è âàðåíüåì (ïÿòüäåñÿò ãðàìì) èëè áëèí÷èêè ñ òâîðîãîì (äâåñòè ãðàìì). Ïîñëå åäû ìîæíî äàòü ðåá¸íêó êîôå ñ ìîëîêîì (ñòî ãðàìì) èëè ÷àé (ñòî ïÿòüäåñÿò ãðàìì). Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 142) Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 143) Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 144) Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü Ïîñåòèòåëü Îôèöèàíò Ïîñåòèòåëü

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Äîáðûé âå÷åð. Âîò ìåíþ. Ïðîñòèòå, ÿ èíîñòðàíêà è ïëîõî çíàþ ðóññêóþ êóõíþ. ×òî âû ñîâåòóåòå çàêàçàòü? Íà çàêóñêó ñîâåòóþ çàêàçàòü ÷¸ðíóþ èêðó. Èêðà – íàñòîÿùèé ðóññêèé äåëèêàòåñ. Õîðîøî, îäíó ïîðöèþ èêðû ñ áåëûì õëåáîì è ìàñëîì. Âû õîòèòå ñóï? Íåò, ñïàñèáî. ß íå î÷åíü ãîëîäíà. À ÷òî ëó÷øå çàêàçàòü íà âòîðîå? À ÷òî âû áîëüøå ëþáèòå – ðûáó èëè ìÿñî? ß áîëüøå ëþáëþ ðûáó. Òîãäà ñîâåòóþ çàêàçàòü îñåòðèíó. Îíà î÷åíü âêóñíàÿ è ñâåæàÿ. Õîðîøî, îñåòðèíó ñ âàð¸íîé êàðòîøêîé, îâîùàìè è ãðèáàìè. À ÷òî âû õîòèòå ïèòü? Îäèí áîêàë øàìïàíñêîãî è áóòûëêó ìèíåðàëüíîé âîäû. Íà äåñåðò ñîâåòóþ çàêàçàòü ìîðîæåíîå èëè ÿáëî÷íûé ïèðîã. Íåò, ñïàñèáî, ÿ íå ëþáëþ ñëàäêîå. Òîëüêî êîôå, ïîæàëóéñòà. Âû õîòèòå ÷¸ðíûé êîôå èëè ñ ìîëîêîì? Ñ ãîðÿ÷èì ìîëîêîì, ïîæàëóéñòà. Äàéòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ñ÷¸ò. Âîò, âàø ñ÷¸ò. Âñ¸ áûëî î÷åíü âêóñíî. Ñïàñèáî.

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

 Ðîññèè, êàê è â Àíãëèè, î÷åíü ëþáÿò ïèòü ÷àé. Àíãëè÷àíå îáû÷íî ïüþò ÷àé ñ ìîëîêîì è áåç ñàõàðà. À ðóññêèå ïüþò ÷àé áåç ìîëîêà, ÷àñòî ñ ñàõàðîì è ëèìîíîì. Ê ÷àþ îáû÷íî ïîäàþò ñëàäêîå: âàðåíüå, ì¸ä, ïèðîãè, êîíôåòû è ïå÷åíüå. Âàðåíüå è ì¸ä åäÿò ñ õëåáîì èëè ïå÷åíüåì, à èíîãäà ïðîñòî êëàäóò â ÷àé. Áëèíû - òîæå òðàäèöèîííîå áëþäî ê ÷àþ. Èõ ìîæíî åñòü ñ ìàñëîì èëè ñìåòàíîé, ñ âàðåíüåì, ñ ì¸äîì è ñ òâîðîãîì. Ðóññêèå îñîáåííî ëþáÿò ïèòü ÷àé âå÷åðîì, ïîñëå óæèíà, êîãäà ìîæíî ñïîêîéíî ïîñèäåòü, ïîãîâîðèòü äîïîçäíà, îäíèì ñëîâîì, - ïî÷à¸âíè÷àòü.

Listening

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 146)

Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Pages 149-50)  íàøåé ñåìüå ó âñåõ ðàçíûå âêóñû. Êîãäà äåòè áûëè ìàëåíüêèìè, ìíå áûëî î÷åíü ëåãêî ãîòîâèòü, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìàëåíüêèå äåòè îáû÷íî åäÿò òî, ÷òî èì äàþò ðîäèòåëè. À ñåé÷àñ ìîåé äî÷åðè ñåìíàäöàòü ëåò, à ñûíó – ÷åòûðíàäöàòü, è îíè îáà – âåãåòàðèàíöû. Ìû ñ ìóæåì ëþáèì ðûáó è ìÿñî, õîòÿ ÿ áîëüøå ëþáëþ êóðèöó, à ìîé ìóæ – áåôñòðîãàíîâ èëè ðîñòáèô. Ñûí è äî÷ü ìÿñî íå åäÿò, ïðàâäà, ñûí ëþáèò ðûáó, à äî÷ü è ðûáó íå åñò. Ìû âñå î÷åíü ëþáèì ôðóêòû è ñîêè, îñîáåííî ëþáèì ÿáëîêè, áàíàíû, âèøíþ è âèíîãðàä. Âîò òîëüêî ìóæ íå ëþáèò àïåëüñèíû. Íî âîò ñ îâîùàìè ó íàñ ïðîáëåìû: ÿ íå ëþáëþ ïîìèäîðû, à äåòè è ìóæ èõ î÷åíü ëþáÿò; ìóæ è ñûí òåðïåòü íå ìîãóò ëóê, à ìû ñ äî÷åðüþ ëþáèì ëóê â ðàçëè÷íûõ áëþäàõ; äî÷ü íå åñò ìîðêîâêó è ñâ¸êëó, ÿ òîæå èõ íå ëþáëþ, à ñûí è ìóæ îáîæàþò ìîðêîâíûé è ñâåêîëüíûé ñàëàò. Ìû âñå ëþáèì øîêîëàä, âàðåíüå, êîôå è ÷àé, íî äåòè íå ëþáÿò ìîëîêî, ïîýòîìó îíè ïüþò êîôå è ÷àé áåç ìîëîêà. Ìû ñ ìóæåì âñåãäà ïü¸ì ÷àé è êîôå ñ ìîëîêîì.

Chapter Nine - Äåâÿòàÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 152) Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Page 153)  áîëüíèöå îí âñòðåòèë ñâîþ áóäóùóþ æåíó. Îíà áûëà ìåäñåñòðîé. Îíè î÷åíü ëþáèëè äðóã äðóãà è ïðîæèëè âìåñòå 35 ëåò. 5 ëåò íàçàä îíà çàáîëåëà è óìåðëà. Âëàäèìèð Èâàíîâè÷ äîëãî æèë îäèí, íî íåäàâíî îí êóïèë ñîáàêó è òåïåðü åìó íå òàê îäèíîêî.  èþíå Âëàäèìèð Èâàíîâè÷ åçäèë â Ïåòåðáóðã è ãîñòèë ó ñûíà, à ñîáàêà æèëà â Ìîñêâå ñ ñîñåäÿìè. Îíè î÷åíü ñêó÷àëè äðóã ïî äðóãó. Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 152 and Activity Two, above) Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 157) 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè ñëóøàëè ðàäèî? 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè åçäèëè íà ìàøèíå? 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè ñìîòðåëè òåëåâèçîð? 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè ëåòàëè íà ñàìîë¸òå? 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè ãîâîðèëè ïî òåëåôîíó? 100 ëåò íàçàä ëþäè ïèëè êîêà-êîëó? Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 160) Vtyz pjden Vfhbyf^ f vjtuj ve;f - Dflbv& Z cneltynrf^ f Dflbv hf,jnftn ajnjrjhhtcgjyltynjv d vjkjl/;yjq ufptnt& Rjulf vs dcnhtnbkbcm^ 2 ujlf yfpfl^ jy hf,jnfk exbntktv d irjkt^ f ajnjuhfabz ,skf tuj [j,,b& D cdj,jlyjt dhtvz jy gjlhf,fnsdfk d ajnjfntkmt^ ult vs b dcnhtnbkbcm& Vyt ye;yf ,skf ajnjuhfabz lkz gfcgjhnf& Vs gj;tybkbcm 3 vtczwf yfpfl& Gjrf vs cybvftv rdfhnbhe^ yj [jnbv regbnm cdj. rdfhnbhe^ gjýnjve Dflbv gjvtyzk hf,jne& D ufptnt e ytuj pfhgkfnf ,jkmit^ xtv d irjkt& E yfc gjrf ytn ltntq& Vjz ;tyf b z dcnhtnbkbcm 15 ktn yfpfl& Njulf vs ,skb cneltynfvb b exbkbcm d Vjcrjdcrjv eybdthcbntnt^ ghfdlf^ yf hfpys[ afrekmntnf[& Z exbkcz yf afrekmntnt ;ehyfkbcnbrb^ f Ktyf yf byzpt (jyf bpexfkf fyukbqcrbq b ytvtwrbq zpsrb)& Vs exbkbcm d jlyjv eybdthcbntnt 4 A new ab initio Russian course

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ujlf b yt pyfkb lheu lheuf^ gjrf yt gjpyfrjvbkbcm ckexfqyj d vtnhj& Vs gj;tybkbcm 13 ktn yfpfl^ yfitq ljxthb ctqxfc 11 ktn& Vs hf,jnftv dvtcnt d ;ehyfkt «Jujy/r». Z - ;ehyfkbcn^ f Ktyf hf,jnftn gthtdjlxbrjv& Vs ;bd/v d Vjcrdt d nh/[rjvyfnyjq rdfhnbht& Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 162) F < D U -

Rjulf ds d gjcktlybq hfp gbkb ifvgfycrjt$ Z gbk ifvgfycrjt d ghjike. ce,,jne yf cdflm,t lheuf& Jy ;tybkcz yf fyukbxfyrt& Rjulf ds d gjcktlybq hfp ,skb pf uhfybwtq$ D ghjikjv ujle& Z tplbkf d Bylb.& Nfv ,skj jxtym ;fhrj& Ýnj jxtym bynthtcyfz ýrpjnbxtcrfz cnhfyf& Rjulf ds d gjcktlybq hfp ujnjdbkb j,tl$ Dxthf ly/v& Z ghbujnjdbkf ,jho^ vzcj c jdjofvb b ijrjkflysq vecc& Dc/ ,skj jxtym drecyj& Jcj,tyyj dctv gjyhfdbkcz ltcthn& Rjulf ds d gjcktlybq hfp ,skb d ntfnht$ Yf ghjikjq ytltkt& Z ,sk yf jgtht «Tdutybq Jytuby» d <jkmijv ntfnht& Z jxtym k.,k. vepsre Xfqrjdcrjuj&

Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 162) Activity Twenty-One - Äâàäöàòü ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (Pages 163-4) Ïåðâûé ÷åëîâåê â êîñìîñå

Cjdtncrbq k/nxbr >hbq Ufufhby cnfk gthdsv xtkjdtrjv^ rjnjhsq gj,sdfk d rjcvjct& Ýnj ghjbpjikj d 1961 ujle^ 12 fghtkz& Ufufhby dgthdst j,ktntk Ptvk. yf rjcvbxtcrjv rjhf,kt «Djcnjr»^ rjnjhsq dtcbk 4^5 njyys& Gjk/n ghjljk;fkcz 108 vbyen& Vfrcbvfkmyfz dscjnf ,skf 190 vbkm& Ïåðâûé ÷åëîâåê íà Ëóíå

Gthdsq xtkjdtr gj,sdfk yf Keyt d 1969 ujle& Ýnj ghjbpjikj 21 b.kz d 3 xfcf 56 vbyen enhf& Fvthbrfycrbq fcnhjyfdn Ybk Fhvcnhjyu gjrbyek rjcvbxtcrbq rjhf,km «Fgjkkj - 11» b cltkfk gthdsq ifu yf Keyt&

Chapter Ten - Äåñÿòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå (Page 172) Êàê ìû ïðîâîäèì ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ

- Ó ìåíÿ ìàññà ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè. Èíîãäà ÿ õîæó â êèíî, íî ÷àùå ñìîòðþ òåëåâèçîð è âèäåî äîìà. Î÷åíü ëþáëþ àìåðèêàíñêèå ôèëüìû. Ñïîðòîì íå çàíèìàþñü, íî èíîãäà èãðàþ â ôóòáîë ñ îäíîêëàññíèêàìè. Íàòàøà - ß îáîæàþ ìóçûêó. ×àñòî õîæó íà äèñêîòåêó, à äîìà ñëóøàþ ìàãíèòîôîí. Îñîáåííî óâëåêàþñü ñîâðåìåííîé ìóçûêîé, íî èíîãäà ñëóøàþ êëàññè÷åñêóþ. Èãðàþ íà ñêðèïêå è ïèàíèíî. Âàäèì - Ó ìåíÿ ìàëî ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè. Íî åñëè åñòü âðåìÿ, çàíèìàþñü ñïîðòîì. ×àñòî õîæó â áàññåéí, ëþáëþ ïëàâàíèå è ïðûæêè ñ âûøêè. Ìíîãî âðåìåíè ïðîâîæó ó êîìïüþòåðà. Ýòî ìî¸ õîááè. Èãîðü -  ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ ÿ çàíèìàþñü ñïîðòîì. Ëþáëþ êîííûé cïîðò, èíòåðåñóþñü ôóòáîëîì. ×àñòî õîæó íà ñòàäèîí, áîëåþ çà «Çåíèò». Àííà Ïåòðîâíà - Âñ¸ ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ ïðîâîæó íà äà÷å, âûðàùèâàþ öâåòû, ôðóêòû è îâîùè. Ïî âå÷åðàì ëþáëþ ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð èëè ÷èòàòü. Óâëåêàþñü ðóññêîé êëàññè÷åñêîé ëèòåðàòóðîé.

Îëåã

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Èâàíîâ - Èâàí Èëüè÷, êàê ïîæèâàåòå? Êàê âàøà êîëëåêöèÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ìàðîê? Ïåòðîâ - Îòêóäà âû çíàåòå, ÷òî ÿ èíòåðåñóþñü ñòàðûìè èíîñòðàííûìè ìàðêàìè ? À ÷åì âû óâëåêàåòåñü? Èâàíîâ - ß óâëåêàþñü ðóññêèìè àíòèêâàðíûìè êíèãàìè è ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè êàðòàìè. Åù¸ çàíèìàþñü ðàçíûìè âèäàìè ñïîðòà è êîìïüþòåðíûìè èãðàìè. Ïåòðîâ - Î, ó âàñ ìíîãî óâëå÷åíèé. À ÿ èíòåðåñóþñü òîëüêî ñîâåòñêèìè ìàðêàìè è còàðèííûìè íîâîãîäíèìè îòêðûòêàìè.

Listening

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 175)

Activity Nine - Äåâÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 176) 1. -

Àíäðåé, ïîéä¸ì â ñåãîäíÿ êèíî? À ÷òî èä¸ò â íàøåì êèíîòåàòðå? Êàæåòñÿ, ôðàíöóçñêàÿ êîìåäèÿ. Ñ óäîâîëüñòâèåì. Îáîæàþ ôðàíöóçñêèå ôèëüìû

3. -

Íàòàøà, ïîøëè â êèíî ñåãîäíÿ? Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íå ìîãó. Ó ìåíÿ ìíîãî äåë. À çàâòðà? À çàâòðà - ïîéä¸ì.

2. - Òàíÿ, õî÷åøü ïîéòè â êèíî âå÷åðîì? - Èçâèíè, íî ñåãîäíÿ ÿ çàíÿòà. Ìîæåò áûòü, â äðóãîé ðàç.

4. - Îëåã, äàâàé ïîéä¸ì â êèíî â âûõîäíûå äíè? - ×òî òû, ìíå ñåé÷àñ íå äî êèíî. Ó ìåíÿ ñêîðî ýêçàìåí ïî ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó.

Chapter Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 197) Ìàòü Èãîðü Ìàòü Èãîðü Ìàòü Èãîðü Ìàòü Èãîðü Ìàòü

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Èãîðü, ïî÷åìó òû òàêîé áëåäíûé? ß ïëîõî ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóþ. À ÷òî ó òåáÿ áîëèò? Ó ìåíÿ î÷åíü áîëèò çóá. Òåáå íóæíî çàïèñàòüñÿ ê çóáíîìó âðà÷ó. Äà, ÿ óæå çàïèñàëñÿ ê çóáíîìó âðà÷ó íà ïÿòü ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà. Íà ïÿòü? Òåáå åù¸ äîëãî æäàòü. Âûïåé ïîêà òàáëåòêó àíàëüãèíà, çóá áóäåò ìåíüøå áîëåòü. Ó ìåíÿ íåò àíàëüãèíà. ß ñåé÷àñ ñõîæó â àïòåêó. Ïîäîæäè, ÿ ñõîæó ê íàøåé íîâîé ñîñåäêå è ñïðîøó, ìîæåò áûòü, ó íå¸ åñòü àíàëüãèí.

Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 203) Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 204) Ó Ìàðèíû áîëèò ãîëîâà. ×òî åé íóæíî ñäåëàòü? à) ïîéòè â êèíî á) âûïèòü àíàëüãèí â) êóïèòü áàíàíû

Ó Ñàøè áîëèò çóá. ×òî åìó íóæíî ñäåëàòü? à) ïîéòè â ìàãàçèí á) ïî÷èòàòü êíèãó â) çàïèñàòüñÿ ê çóáíîìó âðà÷ó

Ó Ìèõàèëà áîëèò ãîðëî. ×òî åìó íóæíî äåëàòü? à) èäòè ê âðà÷ó á) çâîíèòü äðóçüÿì â) ïåòü íà êîíöåðòå

Àííà Áîðèñîâíà î÷åíü óñòàëà. Åé íóæíî: à) ìíîãî ðàáîòàòü á) ïîåõàòü â îòïóñê â) âûïèòü êîôå

A new ab initio Russian course

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Íàòàøà áîëååò ãðèïïîì. Åé íóæíî: à) ëåæàòü â ïîñòåëè á) êàòàòüñÿ íà âåëîñèïåäå â) èäòè â ãîñòè

Ó Ïåòðà Èâàíîâè÷à áîëèò óõî. Åìó íóæíî: à) ñëóøàòü ìóçûêó á) ïðèíèìàòü ëåêàðñòâî â) ãóëÿòü ñ ñîáàêîé

Ó Ñåðãåÿ áîëèò íîãà. Åìó íóæíî: à) èãðàòü â ôóòáîë á) åõàòü â áîëüíèöó â) êàòàòüñÿ íà ëûæàõ

Ó Ëþäû áîëèò ðóêà. Åé íóæíî: à) èãðàòü íà ãèòàðå á) êóïèòü íîâîå ïëàòüå â) çàïèñàòüñÿ ê âðà÷ó

Ó âàñ áîëèò ñåðäöå. Âàì íóæíî: à) èãðàòü â òåííèñ á) âûçâàòü Ñêîðóþ ïîìîùü â) ìíîãî ðàáîòàòü Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 204) (For the full text, see Activity Thirteen, above) Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 207)

Chapter Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Eleven - Îäèííàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 219) Vtyz pjden K.lvbkf^ f afvbkbz Cfdxtyrj& Z bpexf. ytvtwrbq b bcgfycrbq zpsrb d eybdthcbntnt& Z [jxe dfv hfccrfpfnm ytvyjuj j vj/v hfcgbcfybb& Vjq k.,bvsq ghtlvtn - ytvtwrbq zpsr& E vtyz ytvtwrbq zpsr d gjytltkmybr^ d chtle^ d xtndthu b d gznybwe& Vj/ gthdjt b dnjhjt pfyznbt d gjytltkmybr - felbhjdfybt^ f gznjt b itcnjt pfyznbt - gthtdjl& Rfr ds e;t pyftnt^ e vtyz ytn ytvtwrjuj zpsrf dj dnjhybr& Vjb gthdst ldf pfyznbz d chtle - bcnjhbz Uthvfybb& Vtyz jcj,tyyj bynthtcetn‘Dtqvfhcrfz htcge,kbrf& Nhtnmt pfyznbt d chtle - kbnthfnehf b xtnd/hnjt pfyznbt - hfpujdjhyfz htxm& D xtndthu e vtyz njkmrj ldf pfyznbz gj ytvtwrjve zpsre% gznjt pfyznbt - cnbkbcnbrf b itcnjt pfyznbt - uhfvvfnbrf& R cj;fktyb.^ e vtyz ytn bcnjhbb Uthvfybb d xtndthu b ytn ybrfrb[ pfyznbq d ce,,jne! D gznybwe gthdjt b dnjhjt pfyznbt - uhfvvfnbrf b bcnjhbz ytvtwrjuj zpsrf& Xtnd/hnjt pfyznbt - cnbkbcnbrf^ f gznjt b itcnjt pfyznbt - fyfkbp ntrcnf& Vyt yt yhfdbncz bcgfycrbq zpsr^ yj vyt yhfdbncz bcnjhbz^ nfr rfr z jxtym bynthtce.cm Ahfyrj
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Crf;b^ gj;fkeqcnf^ Vfif^ xnj e nt,z d rjvyfnt$ E vtyz^ rjytxyj^ tcnm rhjdfnm^ irfa b ufhlthj,& F xnj to/$ E vtyz nfr;t vyjuj buheitr& Rfrbt e nt,z buheirb$ E vtyz vfnh/irf^ rerks b vfibys& Crjkmrj e nt,z rerjk$ E vtyz gznm rerjk b itcnm vfiby& F rjvgm.nth e nt,z tcnm$ Lf^ tcnm& E vtyz ctvm yjds[ rjvgm.nthys[ buh& Ctvm$ Lf^ b to/ e vtyz jxtym vyjuj rybu& Ldflwfnm bkb nhblwfnm& S azov (Russian from Scratch )

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Ns k.,bim xbnfnm$ Lf^ k.,k.& F nt,t yhfdbncz vepsrf$ Lf^ yhfdbncz& E vtyz ltdznm rfcctn b ctvm rjvgfrnys[ lbcrjd& Z ckeif. gjgvepsre b buhf. yf ubnfht& Exbntkm - Ns [jhjij buhftim$ Extybwf - Ytn^ yt jxtym& {jnbnt gjckeifnm!

Listening

Exbntkm Extybwf Exbntkm Extybwf

Chapter Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 234)

Ìåíÿ çîâóò Íàòàëüÿ Èâàíîâíà. Ìíå øåñòüäåñÿò òðè ãîäà. ß - ò¸òÿ Èâàíà. Êàê è ìîé ëþáèìûé ïëåìÿííèê Èâàí, ÿ æèâó â êâàðòèðå â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå. ß ðàáîòàþ ìåäñåñòðîé â áîëüøîé ñîâðåìåííîé áîëüíèöå.

 ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ ÿ ñëóøàþ êëàññè÷åñêóþ ìóçûêó. ß óæå òðèäöàòü ñåìü ëåò çàìóæåì. Ìîåãî ìóæà çîâóò Ïàâåë è îí ñòàðøå ìåíÿ íà òðè ãîäà. Îí óæå íà ïåíñèè, íî ðàíüøå îí áûë ìîðÿêîì. Ó íàñ äâîå äåòåé: Âèêòîð è Ñåðãåé. Âèêòîðó - äâàäöàòü äåâÿòü, à Ñåðãåþ - äâàäöàòü ïÿòü ëåò.

Çäðàâñòâóéòå! Ìåíÿ çîâóò Âèêòîð, à ôàìèëèÿ Áðþëëîâ. Ìíå äâàäöàòü äåâÿòü ëåò. ß äâîþðîäíûé áðàò Èâàíà. ß íåäàâíî ïåðåñåëèëèñÿ èç Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãà â Ìîñêâó, ãäå ÿ ðàáîòàþ õèðóðãîì. ß î÷åíü ëþáëþ çàíèìàòüñÿ ñïîðòîì, îñîáåííî ë¸ãêîé àòëåòèêîé. ß - ñïðèíòåð. Âû óæå çíàåòå ìîþ ìàòü, Íàòàëüþ Èâàíîâíó, íî âû åù¸ íå çíàåòå, ÷òî ìîþ æåíó çîâóò Îëüãà. Åé äàâäöàòü ñåìü ëåò. Îíà çàíèìàåòñÿ áåãîì ñ áàðüåðàìè íà ñòî ìåòðîâ. Ó íàñ îäèí ïÿòèëåòíèé ñûí, êîòîðîãî çîâóò Êîëÿ. ß íàäåþñü, ÷òî îí ñòàíåò èçâåñòíûì àòëåòîì.

Ìåíÿ çîâóò ϸòð. Ìíå òðèäöàòü ÷åòûðå ãîäà è ÿ ðàáîòàþ íà ôàáðèêå. ß ñòàðøèé áðàò Èâàíà. ß æèâó â îäíîì èç ìèêðîðàéîíîâ Ïèòåðà, âìåñòå ñ æåíîé, Ñîíåé, è ñ äåòüìè. Ñîíÿ ìîëîæå ìåíÿ íà äâà ãîäà. Ìû ñ Ñîíåé î÷åíü ëþáèì èãðàòü â øàõìàòû. Èíîãäà ìû èãðàåì è ñ äÿäåé Ïàâëîì. Ó íàñ òðè äî÷åðè, êîòîðûõ çîâóò Ëèëèÿ, Íåëëè è Âåðà. Èì äåñÿòü, âîñåìü è øåñòü ëåò.

Ïðèâåò! Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ëèëëèÿ. Ìíå âîñåìü ñ ïîëîâèíîé ëåò. ß ïëåìÿííèöà Èâàíà. ß æèâó â êâàðòèðå â Ñàíêòå-Ïåòåðáóðãå, (êîòîðûé ðàíüøå íàçûâàëñÿ Ëåíèíãðàä). ß, êîíå÷íî, ó÷åíèöà. Ó ìåíÿ äâå ñåñòðû, Íåëëè è Âåðà. Ìî¸ óâëå÷åíèå - êàòàíèå íà ëûæàõ, à ëåòîì ÿ èãðàþ â òåííèñ. Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 237)

Ìîåãî ñòàðøåãî ñûíà çîâóò Ô¸äîð. Ìîé ìóæ Ìàêñèì åãî íàçâàë Ô¸äîðîì â ÷åñòü ïèñàòåëÿ Äîñòîåâñêîãî. Åñëè ÷åñòíî, ÿ ñîâñåì íå ëþáëþ èìÿ Ô¸äîð. Ìî¸ ëþáèìîå èìÿ - Ëåâ.

Ô¸äîðó 42 ãîäà. Îí ñåé÷àñ ïîñîë â Øâåöèè, à ðàíüøå îí ðàáîòàë ïåðåâîä÷èêîì â Îðãàíèçàöèè Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íàöèé â Íüþ-Éîðêå. Ìîé ìóæ, êîòîðûé áûë òåõíîêðàòîì, âñåãäà õîòåë, ÷òîáû Ô¸äîð ñòàë ë¸ò÷èêîì.

Ó Ô¸äîðà î÷åíü èíòåðåñíàÿ è õîðîøàÿ ðàáîòà. Îí íåäàâíî êóïèë êðàñèâóþ íîâóþ êâàðòèðó â Ìîñêâå, íà óëèöå Ìèõàéëîâà. Îí æèâ¸ò â ñåäüìîì äîìå, íî ÿ çàáûëà íîìåð êâàðòèðû.

Ô¸äîð èçó÷àë àíãëèéñêèé è ôðàíöóçñêèé ÿçûêè â óíèâåðñèòåòå. Ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî îí îòëè÷íûé ëèíãâèñò, íî ìíå êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî îí ïëîõî ãîâîðèò ïî-ôðàíöóçñêè. Íàñêîëüêî ìíå ïîìíèòñÿ, îí íèêîãäà íå ðàáîòàë âî Ôðàíöèè. Îäíàêî, íàäî ïðèçíàòüñÿ, ÷òî ó ìåíÿ ïëîõàÿ ïàìÿòü. Âåäü ìíå 78 ëåò!

Ó Ô¸äîðà òðîå äåòåé: Íèêîëàé, Ëàðèñà è Ãåîðãèé. Íèêîëàþ ëåò ñåìíàäöàòü. Îí ñòàðøå Ëàðèñû íà òðè ãîäà. Ãåîðãèþ ëåò äåñÿòü. Èõ ìàòü çîâóò Ñâåòëàíà. Îíà íåìíîæêî ìîëîæå Ô¸äîðà.

 ñâîáîäíîå âðåìÿ Ô¸äîð ÷èòàåò ðîìàíû è êîëëåêöèîíèðóåò ìàðêè.  ìîëîäîñòè îí îòëè÷íî èãðàë â ôóòáîë.

A new ab initio Russian course

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Chapter Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Page 251) Îñåíüþ

Ðóññêèå ãîâîðÿò: «Ñåíòÿáðü – çîëîòàÿ îñåíü», ïîòîìó ÷òî òðàâà è ëèñòüÿ óæå íå çåë¸íûå, à æ¸ëòûå.  ñåíòÿáðå åù¸ íåõîëîäíî è ÷àñòî áûâàþò ñîëíå÷íûå äíè.

Îêòÿáðü óæå ïðîõëàäíûé ìåñÿö. Ñîëíöå ñâåòèò ðåäêî è ïîýòîìó íà óëèöå õîëîäíî è ïàñìóðíî. Óòðîì ÷àñòî áûâàåò òóìàí, à äí¸ì îáëàêà. Òîãäà ïî ðàäèî ãîâîðÿò: «Ñåãîäíÿ óòðîì òóìàííî, à äí¸ì îáëà÷íî.»  íîÿáðå ÷àñòî èäóò äîæäè è äóåò âåòåð. Ëþäè íå õîòÿò áðàòü îòïóñê, êîãäà íà óëèöå äîæäëèâî è âåòðåíî. Ñàìîå ïîïóëÿðíîå âðåìÿ äëÿ îòïóñêî⠖ ëåòî, êîãäà íà óëèöå òåïëî è ñîëíå÷íî. Activity Three - Òðåòüå çàäàíèå (Page 252; for the first part of the text, see Page 250) Âðåìåíà ãîäà â Ðîññèè F& Pbvf - cfvjt [jkjlyjt dhtvz ujlf d Hjccbb& Jyf ghjljk;ftncz nhb vtczwf - ltrf,hm^ zydfhm b atdhfkm& Heccrbt k.,zn pbve% t/ vjhjpyst^ cjkytxyst b cyt;yst lyb& Vyjubt ,then jngecr pbvjq^ xnj,s rfnfnmcz yf rjymrf[ bkb yf ks;f[& D vfhnt yfxbyftncz dtcyf& D fghtkt gjzdkz.ncz gthdst ptk/yst kbcnmz b nhfdf& D vft xfcnj ,sdf.n uhjps^ yj gjujlf dc/ hfdyj n/gkfz& Dtplt wdtnen yfhwbccs^ n.kmgfys b kfylsib& J,sxyj d Hjccbb n/gkjt^ f byjulf lf;t ;fhrjt ktnj& Ctynz,hm yfxfkj jctyb& Gjujlf to/ yt [jkjlyfz^ yj e;t b  yt ntgkfz - ghj[kflyfz& Jrnz,hm b yjz,hm e;t [jkjlyst vtczws& Xfcnj blen lj;lb b letn dtnth& Cnjbn [jkjlyfz b cshfz gjujlf& <& D Hjccbb pbvjq jxtym [jkjlyj& Pbvf ghjljk;ftncz nhb vtczwf - ltrf,hm^ zydfhm b atdhfkm& Heccrbt jxtym k.,zn pbve^ rjulf yf ekbwt vjhjpyj^ cjkytxyj b cyt;yj& Vyjubt ,then jngecr pbvjq^ xnj,s rfnfnmcz yf rjymrf[ bkb yf ks;f[& Dtcyf ghb[jlbn d vfhnt^ rjulf yfxbyftn nfznm cytu& D fghtkt yf ekbwt e;t ptktyj& D vft xfcnj ,sdf.n uhjps^ yj dc/ hfdyj ntgkj& Dtplt wdtnen yfhwbccs^ n.kmgfys b kfylsib& J,sxyj d Hjccbb ktnjv ntgkj^ f byjulf lf;t ;fhrj& Ctynz,hm yfxfkj jctyb& Yf ekbwt to/ yt [jkjlyj^ yj e;t b yt ntgkj - ghj[kflyj& D jrnz,ht b yjz,ht e;t [jkjlyj& Xfcnj blen lj;lb b letn dtnth& Yf ekbwt [jkjlyj b cshj& Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 255) Ïîãîäà â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè D Dtkbrj,hbnfybb gjxnb dctulf blen lj;lb% jctym.^ pbvjq^ dtcyjq b lf;t ktnjv& Yj ljdjkmyj xfcnj ,sdftn b cjkytxyfz gjujlf^ [jnz ntvgthfnehf htlrj gjlybvftncz dsit 30ªC& Chtlyzz ntvgthfnehf ktnjv +18ª +24ª ntgkf& Pfce[f ,sdftn jxtym htlrj& Jctym. ljdjkmyj xfcnj ,sdftn nevfy^ yj yt nfr xfcnj^ rfr levf.n vyjubt byjcnhfyws& Pbvjq vj;tn ,snm ljdjkmyj [jkjlyj^ yj cbkmyst vjhjps ,sdf.n htlrj& Cytu ;t bl/n ljdjkmyj xfcnj& Dtcyjq b jctym. dhtvz jn dhtvtyb le.n cbkmyst dtnhs^ yj ehfufyjd yt ,sdftn& Ïîãîäà â Èíäîíåçèè

Byljytpbz hfcgjkj;tyf dljkm ýrdfnjhf vt;le Cbyufgehjv b Fdcnhfkbtq^ gjýnjve pltcm gjxnb dctulf cjkytxyj b ;fhrj& Chtlyzz ujljdfz ntvgthfnehf +27ªC& Jxtym xfcnj jyf gjlybvftncz dsit 30ªC& Pltcm ybrjulf yt ,sdftn nevfyf^ cytuf b vjhjpf^ yj n/gkst rjhjnrbt lj;lb blen xfcnj& Dhtvz jn dhtvtyb pltcm ,sdftn pfce[f^ rjulf lj;lb yt blen d ntxtybt 5-7 vtczwtd& Gjxnb dc/ dhtvz letn k/urbq dtnthjr^ yj byjulf ,sdf.n cbkmyst ehfufys&

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Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 256)

Ctujlyz d Vjcrdt b Vjcrjdcrjq j,kfcnb j;blf.ncz rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb& Ntvgthfnehf djple[f ly/v +18ª+20ª ntgkf& D Gtnth,ehut ctujlyz gthtvtyyfz j,kfxyjcnm b rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb& Dj dnjhjq gjkjdbyt lyz djpvj;yf uhjpf& Ly/v +12ª+14ª^ yjxm. uhflecjd ntgkf^ +10ª+12ª& Ntvgthfnehf djls d Abycrjv pfkbdt +5ª+6ªC&

Listening

Ïðîãíîç ïîãîäû

D Rhsve ctujlyz cjkytxyfz b ce[fz gjujlf& Yjxm. +20ª+22ª uhflecjd ntgkf^ ly/v +25ª+27ª& Ntvgthfnehf djls d X/hyjv vjht +23ª& D htcge,kbrf[ Chtlytq Fpbb cjkytxyj b ce[j& Ntvgthfnehf ly/v gjlybvtncz dsit +30 uhflecjd ntgkf& Yjxm. +26ª+28ª C& D Cb,bhb ,elen rhfnrjdhtvtyyst lj;lb^ djpvj;ty uhfl cj cytujv& Ntvgthfnehf ly/v +5+8 uhflecjd ntgkf^ yjxm. +2ª+3ª& Yf Ehfkt dtnhtyfz gjujlf& Gfcvehyj& Djpvj;ys vjhjczobt lj;lb& Ntvgthfnehf djple[f ly/v +13ª+15ª^ yjxm. +9ª+11ª&

Chapter Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 282) Çàâòðà ÿ ïîéäó â óíèâåðñèòåò. Ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ñêàçàë, ÷òî çàâòðà ìû ïèøåì êîíòðîëüíóþ ðàáîòó. Ñåãîäíÿ ÿ ïîâòîðÿþ íîâûå ðóññêèå ñëîâà èç òåêñòîâ è ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ïðàâèëà. Íàâåðíîå, ÿ áóäó çàíèìàòüñÿ âåñü âå÷åð. Åñëè ÿ âûó÷ó âñå ñëîâà è ïðàâèëà, òî íàïèøó ýòó ðàáîòó õîðîøî è ïîëó÷ó õîðîøóþ îòìåòêó. Ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ïðåäóïðåäèë, ÷òî ìû áóäåì ïèñàòü êîíòðîëüíûå ðàáîòû êàæäóþ íåäåëþ. Êðîìå òîãî, îí èíîãäà ïðîâåðÿåò íàøè äîìàøíèå çàäàíèÿ. Åñëè ÿ áóäó âûïîëíÿòü âñå äîìàøíèå çàäàíèÿ ðåãóëÿðíî, ÿ õîðîøî ñäàì ýêçàìåí â êîíöå ñåìåñòðà. Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå (Page 289) Ëåòîì ìû èíîãäà õîäèì â ëåñ èëè íà îçåðî.  ëåñó ìû ñîáèðàåì ÿãîäû è ãðèáû. Ìû îáÿçàòåëüíî áåð¸ì ñ ñîáîé áóòåðáðîäû, ñîê è ìèíåðàëüíóþ âîäó.  ëåñó ìû äîëãî èùåì ïîäõîäÿùåå ìåñòî, ðàçâîäèì êîñòåð è óñòðàèâàåì âåñ¸ëûé îáåä. Ìû ñèäèì ó êîñòðà ÷àñà äâà-òðè è õîðîøî îòäûõàåì. Ê âå÷åðó ìû âîçâðàùàåìñÿ äîìîé. È ÷àñòî âñïîìèíàåì íàøè ïðîãóëêè â ëåñó.

Chapter Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (Page 294) Ñåé÷àñ ìû ñ âàìè åäåì ïî Íåâñêîìó ïðîñïåêòó. Ýòî ãëàâíàÿ óëèöà ãîðîäà. Çäåñü íàõîäÿòñÿ ìíîãèå ãîñòèíèöû, ìàãàçèíû, ðåñòîðàíû è ìóçåè.

Ïîñìîòðèòå íàëåâî, ìû ïðîåçæàåì ðåñòîðàí «Íåâñêèé», çäåñü ãîòîâÿò òðàäèöèîííûå ðóññêèå áëþäà: áîðù, ùè è ïåëüìåíè. Äàëüøå ïî ïðîñïåêòó, òîæå ñëåâà, íàõîäèòñÿ ãîñòèíèöà «Íåâñêèé Ïàëàñ». Ñïðàâà, íàïðîòèâ ãîñòèíèöû «Íåâñêèé Ïàëàñ», ìàãàçèí «Ñóâåíèðû».

Ïîñìîòðèòå íàïðàâî, ìû ïðîåçæàåì çíàìåíèòûé «Ãðàíä-Îòåëü Åâðîïà». Ýòî îäíà èç ñàìûõ äîðîãèõ ãîñòèíèö Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãà. Ñëåâà, íàïðîòèâ «Ãðàíä-Îòåëÿ», ðàñïîëîæåí îäèí èç ñàìûõ ñòàðûõ óíèâåðñàëüíûõ ìàãàçèíîâ ãîðîäà – «Ãîñòèíûé äâîð».

Ïîñìîòðèòå íàëåâî – ýòî îäèí èç ñàìûõ êðàñèâûõ ñîáîðîâ Ïåòåðáóðãà – Êàçàíñêèé ñîáîð.

Ïðÿìî ïî ïðîñïåêòó âû âèäèòå Äâîðöîâóþ ïëîùàäü. Ñëåâà îò ïëîùàäè íàõîäèòñÿ Àäìèðàëòåéñòâî, à ñïðàâà – çíàìåíèòûé Ýðìèòàæ. A new ab initio Russian course

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Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Activity One, above) Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 297) 1& Xnj,s csh ,sk cdt;bv ljkuj^ gjkj;bnt yf nfhtkre hzljv c cshjv recjxtr cf[fhf b yfrhjqnt tuj lheujq nfhtkrjq& 2& {hfybnt vfckj b vfhufhby d ytghjphfxyjq vfck/yrt& Cdtn hfpheiftn dbnfvbys& 3& Xnj,s cj[hfybnm dbnfvbys b drec jdjotq^ dfhbnt b[ d gjlcjk/yjq djlt& 4& Xnj,s herb yt xthytkb^ xbcnbnt rfhnjatkm b dct jdjob yj;jv bp yth;fdt.otq cnfkb& 5& Xnj,s jdjob cj[hfybkb cdjq wdtn^ gjkj;bnt d djle^ d rjnjhjq jyb dfhzncz^ ytvyjuj gbnmtdjq cjls& Activity Ten - Äåcÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 300) Ýnj Cfljdfz ekbwf& Pltcm tcnm jxtym [jhjifz gfhbrvf[thcrfz& Pf gfhbrvf[thcrjq yf[jlbncz rfat^ f gthtl gfhbrvf[thcrjq - ntktajy-fdnjvfn& Cktdf jn gfhbrvf[thcrjq b rfat hfcgjk;ty crdth& D crdtht^ gjcthtlbyt^ yf[jlbncz ajynfy^ f pf ajynfyjv cnjbn gfvznybr Geirbye& Cktdf b cghfdf jn ajynfyf cnjzn cfljdst crfvtqrb& Gthtl crdthjv yf[jlbncz fdnj,ecyfz jcnfyjdrf& Cktdf jn jcnfyjdrb tcnm gjlptvysq gtht[jl& Cktdf jn crdthf yf[jlbncz ufcnhjyjv& Pf ufcnhjyjvjv hfcgjkj;tyf cnfywbz vtnhj^ f gthtl ufcnhjyjvjv cnjbn ufptnysq rbjcr& Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 302) 1& Tckb ds gjybvftnt ýnj ghtlkj;tybt^ yfgbibnt gj-heccrb «Lf»& 2& Tckb ds evttnt ujdjhbnm gj-ahfywepcrb^ gjcnfdmnt pyfr gk.c^ f tckb yt evttnt^ gjcnfdmnt pyfr vbyec& 3& Tckb yf ekbwt cjkytxyj^ yfhbceqnt rhe;jr^ f tckb ytn^ ybxtuj yt hbceqnt& 4& Tckb ctujlyz chtlf^ yfgbibnt ckjdj chtlf^ f tckb ytn^ nj yfgbibnt^ rfrjq ctujlyz ltym ytltkb& 5& Tckb dfv bynthtcyj ltkfnm ýnj eghf;ytybt^ gjcnfdmnt ufkjxre^ f tckb ytbynthtcyj^ yfgbibnt «Ytn» gj-fyukbqcrb& 6& Tckb d dfitv rkfcct ,jkmit^ xtv 5 xtkjdtr^ gjcnfdmnt 3 pyfrf gk.c^ f tckb vtymit^ nj gjcnfdmnt 2 pyfrf gk.c& Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 303) Åñëè áû ó ìåíÿ áûëî ìíîãî äåíåã, ÿ êóïèë áû ìàøèíó. Åñëè áû ÿ ñåé÷àñ áûëà äîìà, ÿ âûïèëà áû ãîðÿ÷åãî ÷àÿ ñ ëèìîíîì. Åñëè áû ÿ âûèãðàë ëîòåðåþ, ÿ êóïèë áû íîâûé äîì. Åñëè áû ó ìåíÿ ñåãîäíÿ áûë äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ, ÿ áû êóïèëà ñîáàêó. Åñëè áû ÿ íå ðàáîòàëà ñåé÷àñ, ÿ ïîøëà áû â ëåñ. Åñëè áû ó ìåíÿ áûëî ìíîãî ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè, ÿ èçó÷àë áû êèòàéñêèé ÿçûê. Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 305) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& 7& 8& 9&

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Vfhbyf^ pfrhjq jryj^ gj;fkeqcnf& Cfif^ regb^ gj;fkeqcnf^ [kt,& Gfgf^ drk.xb ntktdbpjh& Ltnb^ yt rhbxbnt& <jhbc^ jnrhjq^ gj;fkeqcnf^ ldthm& Vfvf^ dsrk.xb hflbj^ gj;fkeqcnf& Nfyz^ gjxbnfq ltnzv crfpre& Dbrnjh^ c[jlb d fgntre^ gj;fkeqcnf&
S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Chapter Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà

1) - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rjulf ghb,sdftn cfvjk/n bp Vjcrds$ - D 6 xfcjd enhf& 2) - Bpdbybnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ ds yt crf;tnt^ rjulf jnghfdkztncz gjtpl yjvth jlby Vjcrdf Cfyrn-Gtnth,ehu$ - D 23 xfcf&

Listening

Activity One - Ïåðâîå çàäàíèå (Page 316)

3) - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rjulf jnghfdkztncz ,kb;fqibq fdnj,ec yf Recrjdj$ - D 15&30

4) - Rjulf ghb,sdftn cktle.ofz ýktrnhbxrf bp Gtnth,ehuf$ - D 2 xfcf lyz& 5) - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rjulf pfrhsdftncz vtnhj$ - D xfc yjxb& 6) - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rjulf yfxbyftn hf,jnfnm vtnhj$ - Jyj yfxbyftn hf,jnfnm d 5 xfcjd enhf& Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Page 320) Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 321) 1-ûé ïàññàæèð 2-ûé ïàññàæèð 1-ûé ïàññàæèð 2-ûé ïàññàæèð 1-ûé ïàññàæèð 2-ûé ïàññàæèð 1-ûé ïàññàæèð 2-ûé ïàññàæèð 1-ûé ïàññàæèð 2-ûé ïàññàæèð 1-ûé ïàññàæèð

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Lj,hsq ltym& Plhfdcndeqnt& Vs c dfvb cjctlb gj regt& Lf^ yfv ,eltn dtctktt t[fnm& F ds relf tltnt$ Z tle d Vjcrde^ ds nj;t$ Ytn^ z tle d Vbycr& Pyfxbn^ vs ,eltv t[fnm dvtcnt njkmrj xtnsht xfcf& Ds xfcnj tplbnt d Vjcrde$ Lf^ z tp;e d Vjcrde gznm-itcnm hfp d ujl& Nfr xfcnj$ Ds^ yfdthyjt^ tplbnt gj ltkfv$ Lf^ z tp;e d rjvfylbhjdrb& F ds ;bd/nt d Vbycrt bkb nj;t tplbnt d rjvfylbhjdre$ 2-ûé ïàññàæèð - Z nj;t tle d rjvfylbhjdre& J,sxyj z tp;e d Vjcrde^ yj d 'njv ujle yfif abhvf jnrhskf abkbfk d Vbycrt& Levf.^ xnj ntgthm vyt ye;yj ,eltn xfcnj tplbnm d Vbycr& 1-ûé ïàññàæèð - Cnhfyyj^ xnj d yfitv regt tlen njkmrj ldf xtkjdtrf& Hfymit nhelyj ,skj regbnm ,bktn yf 'njn gjtpl^ f ntgthm ,bktns tcnm dctulf& 2-ûé ïàññàæèð - Lf^ ntgthm k.lb tplzn vfkj^ ,bktns jxtym ljhjubt& Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 322) 1) -

Crf;bnt^ ds j,sxyj [jlbnt bkb tplbnt yf hf,jne$ J,sxyj z [j;e yf hf,jne gtirjv& F dfv lfktrj blnb$ Ytn^ z ble njkmrj 15 vbyen& Ds dctulf [jlbnt gtirjv$ Ytn^ tckb bl/n lj;lm bkb z jgfplsdf.^ nj z tp;e yf vfibyt& Djn b ctujlyz z tle yf hf,jne^ gjnjve xnj bl/n lj;lm& - Crjkmrj dhtvtyb pfybvftn ljhjuf^ tckb ds tltnt yf vfibyt$ - Jrjkj 5 vbyen&

2) - Crf;bnt^ ds j,sxyj [jlbnt bkb tplbnt yf hf,jne$ - J,sxyj z tp;e yf hf,jne yf dtkjcbgtlt& - F dfv lfktrj t[fnm$ A new ab initio Russian course

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- Ytn^ yt jxtym& J,sxyj z tle vbyen 15-20& - F gjxtve ctujlyz ds bl/nt gtirjv$ - Gjnjve xnj ctujlyz xeltcysq cjkytxysq ltym& Z [j;e gtirjv^ tckb gjujlf [jhjifz b z yt jgfplsdf.& - F crjkmrj dhtvtyb pfybvftn ljhjuf gtirjv$ - 40-50 vbyen& Activity Twelve - Äâåíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 324) Ðàçãîâîð â çàëå âûëåòà F - Ghjcnbnt^ ds yt vjukb ,s ghbcvjnhtnm pf vjbvb dtofvb$ Z njkmrj regk. ufptne b dthyecm& < - Lf^ rjytxyj& F - Cgfcb,j dfv ,jkmijt& < - Yt pf xnj& F - Ye^ djn z b dthyekfcm& Ntgthm tcnm^ xnj gjxbnfnm lj dsktnf& < - F ds relf ktnbnt$ F - Z ktxe d Cjxb& F ds$ < - Z ktxe d Gtnth,ehu^ yj nj;t [jntk ,s ktntnm d Cjxb^ yf vjht& Nfv ctqxfc nfr [jhjij! F - Lf^ gjujlf nfv ctqxfc jxtym ;fhrfz& Z j,sxyj ktnf. nelf d ctynz,ht^ yj d 'njv ujle jngecr e vtyz d b.kt& F ds ktnbnt d Gtnth,ehu d rjvfylbhjdre$ < - Lf^ d rjvfylbhjdre& Vjq jngecr e;t rjyxbkcz& F - F ult ds jnls[fkb$ < - Vs c ;tyjq ktnfkb r lhepmzv d Bcgfyb.& F - D Bcgfyb.$ F d rfrjv ujhjlt ds ,skb$ < - Vs ktnfkb d Vflhbl& F - Xeltcysq ujhjl! Z nj;t d ghjikjv ujle ,skf d Vflhblt^ ktnfkf yf rjyathtywb.& < - Ghjcnbnt^ rf;tncz^ j,]zdkz.n gjcflre yf vjq htqc& F - Lj cdblfybz^ cxfcnkbdjuj genb! < - Dfv nfr;t& Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 327)

Êàê ÿ åõàëà â àýðîïîðò

D ghjikjv ujle z tplbkf d jngecr d ctynz,ht& D Vjcrdt gjujlf ,skf lj;lkbdfz b [jkjlyfz^ gjýnjve z htibkf gjt[fnm yf .u^ yf X/hyjt vjht& Vjq cfvjk/n dsktnfk d 9 xfcjd enhf& Vyt ye;yj ,skj ghbt[fnm d fýhjgjhn pf ldf xfcf lj dsktnf^ d 7 xfcjd enhf& Z htibkf t[fnm d fýhjgjhn fdnj,ecjv& Fdnj,ec bl/n lj fýhjgjhnf 2 xfcf^ gjýnjve z dsikf bp ljvf d 5 xfcjd& Z ljkuj [jlbkf gj jcnfyjdrt b ;lfkf fdnj,ec & Tuj dc/ yt ,skj^ b z htibkf t[fnm yf nfrcb& Yj cdj,jlys[ nfrcb nj;t ljkuj yt ,skj& Z jxtym ythdybxfkf^ dtlm z jgfplsdfkf yf cfvjk/n& Yfrjytw vyt elfkjcm gjqvfnm nfrcb& Z jxtym ghjcbkf nfrcbcnf t[fnm rfr vj;yj ,scnhtt& Z ghbt[fkf d fýhjgjhn pf 30 vbyen lj dsktnf^ yj dc/-nfrb ecgtkf yf cfvjk/n! Jy dsktntk djdhtvz^ hjdyj d 9 xfcjd enhf& Activity Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Pages 328-9) Íà ñòàíöèè ìåòðî At the metro station 1-sq gfccf;bh - Crf;bnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ rfr vyt ljt[fnm lj cnfywbb Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn$ 2-jq gfccf;bh - Nfr^ vs c dfvb ctqxfc yf cnfywbb Fdnjdj& Pyfxbn^ dfv ye;yj ghjt[fnm nhb jcnfyjdrb b dsqnb yf cnfywbb Nt[yjkjubxtcrbq bycnbnen& 1-sq gfccf;bh - Nfr^ [jhjij^ f gjnjv vyt^ yfdthyjt^ ye;yj ,eltn cltkfnm gthtcflre$ 2-jq gfccf;bh - Lf^ dfv ye;yj ,eltn gthtqnb yf lheue. kbyb.^ jyf cbytuj wdtnf yf c[tvt vtnhj^ b gthtctcnm yf lheujq gjtpl& Gjnjv dfv ye;yj ,eltn ghjt[fnm dctuj jlye jcnfyjdre b dsqnb yf cktle.otq cnfywbb& B 'nj ,eltn Ytdcrbq ghjcgtrn& 430

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

1-sq gfccf;bh - <jkmijt cgfcb,j& 2-jq gfccf;bh - Yt pf xnj&

Chapter Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Two - Âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Page 345) -

Listening

Activity Twenty - Äâàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Activity Nineteen, above)

Bdfy^ hfccrf;b^ rnj e dfc d ctvmt pfybvftncz ljvfiybvb ltkfvb& Vjz ;tyf j,sxyj ujnjdbn b cnbhftn& F ns tq yt gjvjuftim$ Ytn^ z yt evt. ujnjdbnm b yt k.,k. cnbhfnm& Yj pfnj z cfv ltkf. htvjyn b e,bhf. rdfhnbhe& Ns dctulf e,bhftim rdfhnbhe cfv$ F ltnb yt gjvjuf.n nt,t$ Rjytxyj^ gjvjuf.n& Z dctulf cfv gsktcjie rjdhs b gjkbhe. gjk^ f ltnb dsnbhf.n gskm b gjkbdf.n wdtns& F rnj vjtn gjcele$ J,sxyj ýnbv pfybvf.ncz ltnb& Cfvb$ Lf^ jyb cfvb vj.n gjcele^ dtlm jyb e;t yt vfktymrbt& F rnj ukflbn ,tkm/$ Ýòj ltkj ;tys& Jyf vyt yt ljdthztn^ ujdjhbn^ xnj^ tckb z ,ele ukflbnm cfv^ nj cj;ue dct dtob& F pf gjregrfvb nj;t [jlbn ;tyf$ Ytn^ pf gjregrfvb z [j;e cfv^ gjnjve xnj tq ytkmpz yjcbnm nz;/kst cevrb&

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 347) 1& Ýnf vfibyf bcgjkmpetncz lkz vsnmz gjcels& 2& F ýnj hexyfz rjatvjkrf& T/ gjlfhbkf vyt ,f,eirf& Jyf dctulf ujdjhbkf% «Rjat^ gjvjkjnsq d hexyjq rjatvjkrt^ fhjvfnytt b drecytt^ xtv rjat^ gjvjkjnsq d ýktrnhjrjatvjkrt&» 3& Ýnj yfi yjdsq ýktrnhbxtcrbq xfqybr& D y/v djlf pfrbgftn ujhfplj ,scnhtt^ xtv yf ufpt& 4& Ýnjn ýktrnhbxtcrbq rjycthdysq yj; - yjdbyrf bp Fvthbrb& 5& Ýnj vfibyf lkz cnbhrb ,tkmz yjdjq vjltkb& Jyf jxtym ýrjyjvyj bcgjkmpetn djle b ýktrnhjýythub.& 6& Ýnj ljhj;ysq en.u& D jnkbxbt jn j,sxyjuj ýktrnhbxtcrjuj en.uf^ jy hf,jnftn yf ,fnfhtqrf[ b ujhfplj vtymit gj hfpvthe& 7& Ýnjn rjvgm.nth vj;tn hf,jnfnm b jn ctnb^ b yf ,fnfhtqrf[^ gjýnjve tuj elj,yj bcgjkmpjdfnm b ljvf^ b d ljhjut& Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 348) Ïîêóïàòåëü - Plhfdcndeqnt^ vyt ye;yj ghbcgjcj,ktybt^ xnj,s jnrhsnm ,enskre dbyf& Ïðîäàâåö - Ds bvttnt d dble injgjh$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ rjytxyj^ injgjh& Z dctulf pf,sdf.^ rfr 'nj yfpsdftncz gj-heccrb& B to/ vyt ye;ys nfrbt vfktymrbt inexrb lkz vjtuj ajnjfggfhfnf& Ïðîäàâåö - Rfrbt inexrb$ Lkz xtuj jyb bcgjkmpe.ncz$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Ýnj nfrbt vtnfkkbxtcrbt inexrb^ ,tp rjnjhs[ ajnjfggfhfn yt hf,jnftn& Ïðîäàâåö - F^ dfv ye;ys ,fnfhtqrb! Djn^ gj;fkeqcnf& Xnj-yb,elm to/$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ to/ vyt ye;yj regbnm nfre. inere^ xnj,s jnrhsdfnm rjycthds& Ïðîäàâåö - Djn^ gj;fkeqcnf^ 'nj rjycthdysq yj;& Ïîêóïàòåëü - <jkmijt cgfcb,j& Lf^ xenm yt pf,sk^ vyt to/ ye;ys ldt dtob% jlyf^ xnj,s vj;yj ,skj gjukflbnm d ljhjut^ f dnjhfz^ xnj,s dcrbgznbnm djle&

A new ab initio Russian course

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Ïðîäàâåö - Ds bvttnt d dble ljhj;ysq en.u b ljhj;ysq xfqybr$ Ïîêóïàòåëü - Lf^ ljhj;ysq en.u b ljhj;ysq xfqybr& Ïðîäàâåö - R cj;fktyb.^ jyb e yfc yt ghjlf.ncz& Dfv ye;yj gjqnb d vfufpby «Ýktrnhjnjdfhs»& Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 351) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6& -

Xnj c ndjtq vfibyjq$ Jyf yt pfdjlbncz& E yfc ckjvfkcz vfuybnjajy& F xnj ckexbkjcm$ Jy gjxtve-nj yt pfgbcsdftn& Vj;yj jljk;bnm dfi ajnjfggfhfn$ F xnj^ dfi ckjvfkcz$ Lf^ dcgsirf yt hf,jnftn& Ye;yj dspdfnm cfynt[ybrf& F xnj ckexbkjcm$ Rhfy d dfyyjq ghjntrftn& D rjvyfnt nfr leiyj! Jnrhjq jryj^ gj;fkeqcnf& Jyj yt jnrhsdftncz& Rjnjhsq xfc$ Yt pyf.^ vjb xfcs jcnfyjdbkbcm&

Activity Seventeen - Ñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 353) 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& -

Ghjcnbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ z hfp,bkf dfi cnfrfy& Ybxtuj^ yt djkyeqntcm^ ,sdftn& Djpmvbnt lheujq cnfrfy d irfae& Ujcgjlb^ Vbif^ xnj ýnj pf iev yf re[yt$ Ns jgznm xnj-yb,elm hfp,bk$ Lf^ vfvf^ ghjcnb^ gj;fkeqcnf^ z ehjybk nfhtkre b hfp,bk t/& Jq^ bpdbybnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ z jghjrbyek ,jrfk b hfpkbk dbyj yf crfnthnm& Ybxtuj cnhfiyjuj^ lfdfqnt gjcsgtv gznyj cjkm.& Ghjcnbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ z ckexfqyj bcgfxrfkf crfnthnm cjecjv& Ybxtuj^ yt gtht;bdfqnt^ gjcnbhftv& Ghjcnbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ vyt jxtym ytelj,yj^ yj z ehjybk gtgtk b ckexfqyj ghj;/u dfie cfkatnre& - Ybxtuj^ yt gtht;bdfqnt^ ýnj cj dczrbv vj;tn ckexbnmcz& 6& - Ghjcnbnt^ gj;fkeqcnf^ z hfccsgfkf cf[fh yf re[yt& - Ybxtuj^ z ctqxfc gjlvtne gjk^ b dc/ ,eltn d gjhzlrt&

Chapter Nineteen - Äåâÿòíàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Four - ×åòâ¸ðòîå çàäàíèå (Page 365) Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ìàðèíà. ß çàìóæåì. Ìîåìó ìóæó óæå çà ñîðîê, íî îí âûãëÿäèò ãîðàçäî ìîëîæå ñâîèõ ëåò. Îí âûñîêîãî ðîñòà, õóäîùàâûé áðþíåò ñ ãîëóáûìè ãëàçàìè. Ó íåãî êóðíîñûé íîñ è î÷åíü âåñ¸ëûé õàðàêòåð.

Ìåíÿ çîâóò Îëüãà, ìåñÿö íàçàä ó ìåíÿ ðîäèëñÿ ñûí Àë¸øêà. Îí î÷åíü áûñòðî ðàñò¸ò, îí óæå âåñèò ÷åòûðå ñ ïîëîâèíîé êèëîãðàììà, à åãî ðîñò ïÿòüäåñÿò øåñòü ñàíòèìåòðîâ. Ó íåãî áîëüøèå êàðèå ãëàçà è ìÿãêèå ðóñûå âîëîñû.

Ìåíÿ çîâóò Èâàí, ÿ íåäàâíî æåíèëñÿ. Ìîÿ æåíà – ñàìàÿ êðàñèâàÿ æåíùèíà íà ñâåòå! Îíà î÷åíü ñòðîéíàÿ áðþíåòêà ñ çåë¸íûìè ãëàçàìè, ñðåäíåãî ðîñòà, íî âñåãäà êàæåòñÿ âûñîêîé, ïîòîìó ÷òî î÷åíü ëþáèò íîñèòü òóôëè íà âûñîêîì êàáëóêå. Îíà íå ëþáèò ãîâîðèòü î ñâî¸ì âîçðàñòå, ïîýòîìó ÿ òîëüêî ñêàæó, ÷òî åé îêîëî òðèäöàòè. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Òàíÿ. ß ïðèåõàëà èç Ñèáèðè â Ìîñêâó íà äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ ñâîåãî îòöà. Òðè äíÿ íàçàä åìó èñïîëíèëîñü øåñòüäåñÿò ëåò. ß äàâíî íå âèäåëà ñâîèõ ðîäèòåëåé è ñ òðóäîì óçíàëà èõ â àýðîïîðòó. Îíè 432

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Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ñâåòà, ÿ î÷åíü ëþáëþ ñâîåãî äåäóøêó. Îí íå î÷åíü ñòàðûé, åìó øåñòüäåñÿò ñ ÷åì-òî, íî ìàìà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî îí âûãëÿäèò ñòàðøå ñâîåãî âîçðàñòà. Íàâåðíîå, ïîòîìó, ÷òî îí ñîâñåì ëûñûé è î÷åíü ãîðáèòñÿ. Íî ìíå òàê íå êàæåòñÿ, îí î÷åíü ñïîðòèâíûé è õóäîùàâûé è ïî-ïðåæíåìó áåãàåò ïî óòðàì, ãîâîðèò, ÷òî íå õî÷åò ïîëíåòü. ß ïîõîæà íà äåäóøêó, ó ìåíÿ òàêèå æå ñåðûå ãëàçà, êàê è ó íåãî. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Áîðÿ, ÿ æèâó ñ áàáóøêîé, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìîè ðîäèòåëè ðàáîòàþò çà ãðàíèöåé. ß òî÷íî íå çíàþ, ñêîëüêî áàáóøêå ëåò, íî äóìàþ, ÷òî åé ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ëåò 70. Îíà ñðåäíåãî ðîñòà, õóäàÿ, ñ ò¸ìíûìè âîëîñàìè, õîòÿ âñå å¸ ïîäðóãè ñåäûå. Îíà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî îíà î÷åíü ïîõîæà íà ìîþ ïðàáàáóøêó, ñâîþ ìàòü. Ó íå¸ áûëè òàêèå æå ò¸ìíûå âîëîñû è êàðèå ãëàçà.

Listening

î÷åíü ïîñòàðåëè. Îáà ñòàëè î÷åíü ñåäûìè, ïîëíûìè è ïî÷òè îäíîãî ðîñòà, õîòÿ êîãäà-òî ïàïà áûë ãîðàçäî âûøå ìàìû. Òîëüêî ãëàçà íå èçìåíèëèñü, îñòàëèñü ó îáîèõ òàêèìè æå ãîëóáûìè, êàê â ìîëîäîñòè.

Activity Five - Ïÿòîå çàäàíèå (Page 366) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Ðîñò Äæîíà 1 ìåòð 88 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îí âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 90 êèëîãðàììîâ. Ðîñò Ìåðè 1 ìåòð 62 ñàíòèìåòðà, îíà âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 57 êèëîãðàììîâ. Ðîñò Ìàéêëà 1 ìåòð 70 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îí âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 65 êèëîãðàììîâ. Ðîñò Õåëåí 1 ìåòð 67 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îíà âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 60 êèëîãðàììîâ. Ðîñò Êàðåí 1 ìåòð 60 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îíà âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 53 ñ ïîëîâèíîé êèëîãðàììà. Ðîñò Àííû 1 ìåòð 47 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îíà âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 42 êèëîãðàììà. Ðîñò Ðîáåðòà 1 ìåòð 75 ñàíòèìåòðîâ, îí âåñèò ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 79 êèëîãðàììîâ.

Activity Seven - Ñåäüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 368) Vtyz pjden Byyf& E vtyz tcnm vkflifz ctcnhf (t/ pjden Rfnz) b ,hfn Fylhtq& Vs dct chtlytuj hjcnf& Vs c Fylhttv jlyjuj djphfcnf^ yfv gj ldflwfnm ldf ujlf& {jnz^ ytn^ z dc/-nfrb yf ltcznm vbyen cnfhit tuj& Vs ,kbpytws^ yj cjdctv yt gj[j;b lheu yf lheuf& Z - ,kjylbyrf c lkbyysvb ghzvsvb djkjcfvb^ f e Fylhtz n/vyst dm.obtcz djkjcs& E vtyz ujke,st ukfpf^ rfr e vfvs^ f e Fylhtz - ptk/yst^ rfr e gfgs& Djj,ot^ z ,jkmit gj[j;f yf vfve% e vtyz nfrjq ;t ghzvjq yjc b gjkyst ue,s^ rfr e yt/& Fylhtq ;t - rjgbz jnwf% rehyjcsq yjc b eprbt ue,s& Yfif vkflifz ctcnhf Rfnz vjkj;t yfc yf nhb ujlf^ tq ctqxfc ltdznyflwfnm ktn& Jyf gj[j;f b yf jnwf^ b yf vfnm b eyfcktljdfkf b[ kexibt xthns% ghzvjq yjc b ujke,st ukfpf vfvs c lkbyysvb htcybwfvb b dm.obtcz n/vyst djkjcs jnwf& Jyf jxtym rhfcbdfz^ b e yt/ dctulf vyjuj gfhytq& F e vtyz njkmrj jlby gfhtym& Tuj pjden Ybrbnf& Jy yf ujl cnfhit vtyz& Jy jxtym gj[j; yf cdjtuj jnwf% jy nfrjq ;t dscjrbq b ntvyjdjkjcsq c rfhbvb ukfpfvb b ibhjrbvb n/vysvb ,hjdzvb& Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (For the full text, see Activity Seven, above) Activity Fourteen - ×åòûðíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 372) Vs c ctcnhjq jxtym gj[j;b dytiyt^ yj e yfc cjdthityyj hfpyst [fhfrnths& Z jxtym cgjrjqysq xtkjdtr^ vj;yj lf;t crfpfnm - aktuvfnbxysq^ f ctcnhf - ýythubxysq xtkjdtr^ jyf dctulf xnj-nj ltkftn^ yt gjcblbn cgjrjqyj yb vbyens& Z jxtym pfvryensq xtkjdtr^ yt k.,k. gjrfpsdfnm cdjb xedcndf lheubv^ f e ctcnhs jnrhsnsq [fhfrnth^ rfr ujdjhbncz^ xnj d leit^ nj b yf kbwt& Jyf jxtym jnpsdxbdsq xtkjdtr - dctulf dctv gjvjuftn^ z ;t yt k.,k. dvtibdfnmcz d xe;bt ltkf& Yfdthyjt^ gjýnjve vtyz cxbnf.n x/hcndsv xtkjdtrjv& Yj d jlyjv vs c ctcnhjq jxtym gj[j;b% vs cthm/pyst b jndtncndtyyst k.lb^ dctulf ljdjlbv yfxfnjt ltkj lj rjywf& Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 373) 1& 2& 3& 4&

K.lb^ rjnjhst hjlbkbcm gjl pyfrjv Jdtyf^ j,sxyj dcgskmxbds b ytnthgtkbds& Jyb nfr;t jnkbxf.ncz ytpfdbcbvsv [fhfrnthjv& Ntkmws - jxtym wtktecnhtvk/yyst^ yf[jlxbdst b ghjybwfntkmyst k.lb^ xfcnj bp yb[ gjkexf.ncz [jhjibt ,bpytcvtys& Nt^ rnj hjlbkcz gjl pyfrjv
A new ab initio Russian course

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Kmds gjkmpe.ncz dctj,otq k.,jdm. b djc[botybtv& Ýnj^ rfr ghfdbkj^ edthtyyst d ct,t k.lb^ yj d nj ;t dhtvz jyb edf;bntkmys r lheubv& 6& Ltdf - pyfr hf,jns b ljkuf& K.lb^ hjlbdibtcz gjl ybv^ j,sxyj nheljk.,bds b dpscrfntkmys r ct,t b lheubv& 7& Dtcs j,kflf.n ehfdyjdtityysv [fhfrnthjv^ jyb jxtym vepsrfkmys b fhnbcnbxys& 8& Crjhgbjy - pyfr djktdjuj^ ,tcgjrjqyjuj b cnhfcnyjuj [fhfrnthf& 9& K.lb^ hjlbdibtcz gjl pyfrjv Cnhtkmwf^ lbgkjvfnbxys^ cgjrjqys b [jhjij jhufybpjdfys& 10& Rjpthjub - xtcnjk.,bdst k.lb c [jhjibvb jhufybpfnjhcrbvb cgjcj,yjcnzvb& 11& Djljktb crkjyys r bccktljdfntkmcrjq hf,jnt b j,kflf.n ex/ysv crkfljv evf& Jyb cxbnf.ncz pyf.obvb k.lmvb^ rjnjhst cnhtvzncz gthtcnhjbnm vbh& 12& Hs,s - ýnj j,sxyj k.lb c nthgbvsv b k.,zobv [fhfrnthjv^ rjnjhst dctulf cnhtvzncz gjyznm lheubõ. 5&

Chapter Twenty - Äâàäöàòàÿ ãëàâà Activity Six - Øåñòîå çàäàíèå (Page 390) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Ñåãîäíÿ â íàøåì òåàòðå áóäåò âûñòóïàòü âñåìè ëþáèìûé àðòèñò Âÿ÷åñëàâ Òèõîíîâ. Âûñòàâêà, îòêðûâøàÿñÿ â ïðîøëîì ìåñÿöå, ñêîðî çàêðîåòñÿ. Äåòè, ïîþùèå â õîðå, â èþíå ïîåäóò âûñòóïàòü âî Ôðàíöèþ. Ïåñíÿ, ñïåòàÿ âïåðâûå íà êîíêóðñå ìîëîäûõ èñïîëíèòåëåé, èìåëà óñïåõ. À. Ï. ×åõîâ - îäèí èç ïèñàòåëåé, ïèñàâøèõ â æàíðå êîðîòêîãî ðàññêàçà. Îíà ïîòåðÿëà êîëüöî, ïîäàðåííîå åé æåíèõîì. Îí ñìîòðåë íà òàíöóþùóþ äåâóøêó è äóìàë î ìóçûêå äëÿ íîâîãî áàëåòà. Ïàññàæèð, çàáûâøèé ñâîé çîíò â òðîëëåéáóñå, îáðàòèëñÿ â ñòîë íàõîäîê. Òàì è ëåæàë çàáûòûé èì çîíò. 9. Ëþáÿùèå ðîäèòåëè âñåãäà ñòàðàþòñÿ äàòü äåòÿì âñ¸ ñàìîå ëó÷øåå. 10. Ïèñüìà À. Ñ. Ïóøêèíà, äîëãî õðàíèìûå åãî ïîòîìêàìè, òåïåðü íàõîäÿòñÿ â ìóçåå. Activity Eight - Âîñüìîå çàäàíèå (Page 391) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Ìàãàçèí îòêðûò ñ 9 äî 18 ÷àñîâ. Ìàãàçèí, îòêðûòûé â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, íàçûâàåòñÿ «Ìîäà». Ñòàðûå êíèãè, ïåðåïèñàííûå ìîíàõàìè, äî ñèõ ïîð õðàíÿòñÿ â ìîíàñòûðÿõ, áèáëèîòåêàõ è ìóçåÿõ. Ïåðâûå êíèãè áûëè ïåðåïèñàíû ìîíàõàìè è ñåé÷àñ îíè ñòîÿò î÷åíü äîðîãî. Ðîññèéñêèå ñïîðòñìåíû, ó÷àñòâîâàâøèå â Îëèìïèéñêèõ èãðàõ, áûëè ïðèãëàøåíû íà ïðè¸ì ê ïðåçèäåíòó. Ñïîðòñìåíû, ïðèãëàøåííûå íà ïðè¸ì ê ïðåçèäåíòó, î÷åíü âîëíîâàëèñü. Êàðòèíà ðóññêîãî õóäîæíèêà Øèøêèíà áóäåò ïðîäàíà íà àóêöèîíå. Íà âûñòàâêå ÿ âèäåë êàðòèíó, ïðîäàííóþ íà àóêöèîíå â ïðîøëîì ãîäó. Êóïëåííàÿ íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä øëÿïà âûøëà èç ìîäû. Ýòà øëÿïà áûëà êóïëåíà íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä â óíèâåðìàãå. Âñåì î÷åíü ïîíðàâèëñÿ âå÷åð, ïîñâÿùåííûé îêîí÷àíèþ øêîëû. Ýòîò âå÷åð ïîñâÿù¸í îêîí÷àíèþ øêîëû.

Activity Thirteen - Òðèíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Pages 394-5) (Íà óëèöå) À. - Ñêàæèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ãäå íàõîäòèñÿ Áîëüøîé Òåàòð. Á. - Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ÿ èíîñòðàíåö. Íå ìîãó âàì ñêàçàòü. ( òðîëëåéáóñå) À. - Ãðàæäàíèí! Âû âûõîäèòå íà ñëåäóþùåé îñòàíîâêå? Á. - Äà. ( àâòîáóñå) Âîäèòåëü: - Ãðàæäàíå! Íå çàáûâàéòå îïëà÷èâàòü ïðîåçä. Êîíòðîë¸ð: - Ãðàæäàíêà! Ïðåäúÿâèòå âàø áèëåò, ïîæàëóéñòà! 434

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(Íåîæèäàííàÿ âñòðå÷à) Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - Àíäðåé Ïåòðîâè÷! Âû ìåíÿ íå óçíàëè? ß Êîñòÿ Ïîòàïîâ, âàø áûâøèé ó÷åíèê. Àíäðåé Ïåòðîâè÷: - Êîñòÿ!? Êàê æå, êîíå÷íî, óçíàë, ðàä òåáÿ âèäåòü! ( øêîëå) Ìàøà: - Ðåáÿòà! Äàâàéòå ïîéä¸ì â êèíî? Èãîðü: - Íåò, íàäî óðîêè äåëàòü. Ñâåòà: - Äàâàéòå ëó÷øå çàâòðà ïîéä¸ì íà ïÿòü ÷àñîâ.

Listening

(Íà ñîáðàíèè) Äîêëàä÷èê: - Ãîñïîäà! Ìû ñîáðàëèñü â ýòîì çàëå, ÷òîáû îáñóäèòü âàæíûå âîïðîñû, êàñàþùèåñÿ íîâîãî ãîäîâîãî ïëàíà.

( òåàòðå) Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - Äåâóøêà, âàñ íå Íàòàøà çîâóò? Äåâóøêà: - Íåò, íå Íàòàøà. Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê: - Èçâèíèòå, ÿ îøèáñÿ - âû î÷åíü ïîõîæè íà ìîþ çíàêîìóþ äåâóøêó, å¸ çîâóò Íàòàøà. ( ïðè¸ìíîé ó äèðåêòîðà ôèðìû) Ñåêðåòàðü: - Ãîñïîäèí Ñìèðíîâ! Äèðåêòîð æä¸ò âàñ, ïîæàëóéñòà, âõîäèòå. Ñìèðíîâ: - Ñïàñèáî. (Íà çàñåäàíèè êàôåäðû â óíèâåðñèòåòå) À: - Óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè! Âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ ïðåäñòàâëåíà äèññåðòàöèÿ, ïîñâÿù¸ííàÿ ïðîáëåìå ïðè÷àñòèé â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. Äî ñèõ ïîð íå áûëî ïðîâåäåíî äîñòàòî÷íî ñåðü¸çíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ýòîé òåìå. (Íà äíå ðîæäåíèÿ) À: - Äîðîãèå äðóçüÿ! Ðàçðåøèòå ìíå îò èìåíè âñåõ ñîáðàâøèõñÿ çà ýòèì ñòîëîì ïîçäðàâèòü íàøåãî äîðîãîãî Ìàêñèìà ñ äâàäöàòèïÿòèëåòèåì è ïîæåëàòü åìó îãðîìíîãî ñ÷àñòüÿ è áîëüøèõ óñïåõîâ. ( óíèâåðìàãå) Äàìà: - Ìàëü÷èê! Ïî÷åìó òû ïëà÷åøü? Ãäå òâîÿ ìàìà?! Ìàëü÷èê: - ß ìàìó ïîòåðÿë. Îíà ñêàçàëà ìíå ïîäîæäàòü çäåñü ìèíóòêó, à å¸ óæå äîëãî íåò! Äàìà: - Íå ïëà÷ü. Ìàìà ñåé÷àñ ïðèä¸ò. Ñìîòðè, ýòî íå òâîÿ ìàìà èä¸ò? Ìàëü÷èê: - Îé! Ýòî ìîÿ ìàìà! Activity Fifteen - Ïÿòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 397) 1. Óñëûøàâ î áîëåçíè Íèêîëàÿ, äðóçüÿ ñðàçó æå îòïðàâèëèñü â áîëüíèöó óçíàòü î ñîñòîÿíèè åãî çäîðîâüÿ. 2. Îí ÷èòàë ãàçåòó, ñèäÿ â êðåñëå. 3. Îíè ïîøëè ãóëÿòü, ïîçàíèìàâøèñü 2 ÷àñà ðóññêèì. 4. Ïðî÷èòàâ ñòàòüþ î ãèáåëè ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè «Êóðñê», ìîðÿêè ðåøèëè ïîìî÷ü ñåìüÿì ïîãèáøèõ òîâàðèùåé. Activity Sixteen - Øåñòíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Page 397) 1. 2. 3. 4.

Óñëûøàâ î òîì, ÷òî å¸ ðàáîòà ïðèçíàíà ëó÷øåé, Ìàøà ïîêðàñíåëà îò ðàäîñòè. Óâèäåâ Íèêîëàÿ, îíà ðàäîñòíî ñ íèì ïîçäîðîâàëàñü. Ïðîñíóâøèñü, ÿ ñåáÿ ïëîõî ïî÷óâñòâîâàë. Ìàëü÷èê ïîïàë ïîä ìàøèíó, ïåðåáåãàÿ ÷åðåç óëèöó.

Activity Eighteen - Âîñåìíàäöàòîå çàäàíèå (Pages 402-3) 1.  êîìíàòå ñèäèò ÷åëîâåê, ðàññêàçûâàþùèé î ïóòåøåñòâèè âîêðóã ñâåòà. 2. Ñòóäåíòêà, ÷èòàþùàÿ / ÷èòàâøàÿ ñòàòüþ, ñêîðî áóäåò ñäàâàòü ýêçàìåíû, ïîñâÿù¸ííûå âîïðîñàì ãðàììàòèêè. 3. Æóðíàëèñò áåñåäîâàë ñ ïèñàòåëåì, íàïèñàâøåì êíèãó îá Àðêòèêå. Íàïèñàííàÿ èì êíèãà áûëà ïåðåâåäåíà íà ìíîãèå ÿçûêè ìèðà. A new ab initio Russian course

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4. Åù¸ íå èçó÷åííûå ïðîáëåìû ïðèâëåêàþò âíèìàíèå ó÷¸íûõ. 5. Íèêåì íå çàìå÷åííûé, îí áûñòðî ïðîø¸ë â ñâîé êàáèíåò. Activity Twenty-Two - Äâàäöàòü âòîðîå çàäàíèå (Page 406) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Ïóòåøåñòâóÿ ïî Êèòàþ, ÿ ñäåëàë ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ íàáëþäåíèé. Ñïåøà â ìàãàçèí çà ïðîäóêòàìè, Ëèëÿ ñîñòàâèëà â óìå ñïèñîê íóæíûõ ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàõîäÿñü â Ìèõàéëîâñêîì, Ïóøêèí íàïèñàë ñâîè ëó÷øèå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ. Çàíèìàÿñü ãèìíàñòèêîé, îí ñëîìàë íîãó. Ïðîñìàòðèâàÿ ãàçåòû, îíà èñêàëà ñòàòüè î ñïîðòå.

Activity Twenty-Three - Äâàäöàòü òðåòüå çàäàíèå (Page 406) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Ïîãóëÿâ â ïàðêå, äåòè âåðíóëèñü äîìîé. Óçíàâ î ãðóáîñòè ñûíà, îòåö ñòðîãî íàêàçàë åãî. Âåðíóâøèñü èç óíèâåðñèòåòà, îí ïîîáåäàë, íåìíîãî îòäîõíóë è ñåë çàíèìàòüñÿ. Ïîëó÷èâ ïîñûëêó îò ñåñòðû, Íàäÿ ñðàçó æå íàïèñàëà åé ïèñüìî. Âûãëÿíóâ èç îêíà, îíà óâèäåëà, ÷òî ê äà÷å ïðèáëèæàþòñÿ íåçíàêîìûå ëþäè.

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

VOCABULARY

Ñëîâàðü

RUSSIAN à àâèàëáéíåð àâñòðàë¿åö (àâñòðàë¿éêà) / àâñòðàë¿éöû àâñòðàë¿éñêèé (adjective) àâòîáèîãðáôèÿ àâòîãóíêà àâòîìîá¿ëü (m) àâòîìîá¿ëüíûé ðàäèîòåëåôóí àâòîîòâéò÷èê (æèëóé) àâòîïðèöéï àâòîñòî§íêà (ðå)àäàïòáöèÿ àäâîêáò (àäâîêàòéññà) àäìèíèñòðáòîð Àäìèðàëòééñòâî áäðåñ (pl àäðåñá) Áçèÿ àêò¸ð (àêòð¿ñà) áëãåáðà (áåç)àëêîãóëüíûå íàï¿òêè àëëåðã¿ÿ íà (+ acc) àëëó! (on the phone) Àìéðèêà àìåðèêáíåö (àìåðèêáíêà) / àìåðèêáíöû àìåðèêáíñêèé (adjective) àìôèòåáòð àíáëèç òéêcòà àíàëüã¿í àíàíáñíûé ñîê àíãë¿éñêèé (adjective) àíãë¿éñêèå ôýíòû àíãë¿éñêèé ÿçûê àíãëè÷áíèí (àíãëè÷áíêà) / àíãëè÷áíå Áíãëèÿ àíêéòà àíòèáèóòèê(è) àíòèêâáðíàÿ êí¿ãà àïåëüñ¿í àïåëüñ¿íîâûé ñoê àïïåíäèö¿ò àïòéêà àðì§íèí (àðì§íêà) / àðì§íå àðòèñò¿÷íûé àðõèòåêòýðà àñïèðáíò (àñïèðáíòêà) àñïèðàíòýðà àññîöèáöèÿ áñòìà àòëéò áòîìíàÿ ô¿çèêà àòòåñòáò çðéëîñòè àóä¿ðîâàíèå àóêöèóí Àô¿íû àýðóáèêà àýðîïóðò (â àýðîïîðòý) áááóøêà

438

ENGLISH and, but passenger aircraft Australian / the Australians Australian curriculum vitae car race car carphone ansaphone caravan car-park (re)adaptation barrister receptionist The Admiralty address Asia actor (actress) algebra (non-)alcoholic drinks allergy to hello! America American / the Americans American circle (in a theatre) textual analysis common painkiller in Russia pineapple juice English / British British pounds, pounds sterling English Englishman (English woman) / the English, the British England questionnaire antibiotic(s) second-hand book orange orange juice appendicitis chemist, pharmacist Armenian / the Armenians artistic architecture postgraduate postgraduate studies association asthma athlete atomic physics school-leaving certificate listening (comprehension) auction Athens aerobics airport grandmother S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

(my) grandmother is called ... luggage market Basle canoe ball balcony trite, banal banana bank jar banker to be on the blink, pink (of an engine) barman (bar woman) swimming pool battery tower running hundred metres hurdles misfortune the trouble is that without without permission safety safe unemployed (person) bacon white white bread shore, bank birch they take a holiday turbulent do not worry beef stroganoff library biologist biology ticket pale nearest Gemini pancake, small pancake dish, course good spirits block buster side tall wine glass boxing more or less furthermore, moreover, in addition, also to be ill (with), to fall ill (with) to support marsh pain hospital it hurts ill (person), patient more (than) I (etc.) prefer

Vocabulary

(ìîø) áááóøêó çîâýò ... áàãáæ áàçáð Ááçåëü (m) áàéäáðêà áàë (íà áàëý) áàëêóí áàíáëüíûé áàíáí áàíê ááíêà áàíê¿ð áàðàõë¿òü (II) (imp) ááðìåí (ááðìåíøà) áàññééí áàòàðééêà ááøíÿ áåã áåã ñ áàðüéðàìè íà ñòî ìéòðîâ áåäá áåäá â òîì, ÷òî áåç (+ gen) áåç ñïðóñà áåçîïáñíîñòü (f) áåçîïáñíûé áåçðàáóòíûé (áåçðàáóòíàÿ) (adjectival noun) áåêóí áéëûé áéëûé õëåá áéðåã (íà áåðåãý) áåð¸çà (îí¿) áåðýò óòïóñê áåñïîêóéíûé íå áåcïîêóéñÿ / íå áåcïîêóéòåcü (imperative) áåôñòðóãàíîâ áèáëèîòéêà áèóëîã áèîëóãèÿ áèëéò áëéäíûé áëèæáéøèé Áëèçíéöû áëèí / áë¿í÷èê (diminutive) áëøäî áóäðîñòü (f) áîåâ¿ê áîê áîêáë áîêñ áóëåå ¿ëè ìéíåå áóëåå òîãó (çà-)áîëéòü (I) (áîëéþ, áîëéåøü) (+ instr) áîëéòü (I) (imp) çà (+ acc) áîëóòî áîëü (f) áîëüí¿öà áóëüíî áîëüíóé (áîëüíáÿ) (adjectival noun) áóëüøå (÷åì) ÿ (etc.) áóëüøå ëþáëø

439

Ñëîâàðü

440

áóëüøå âcåãó / âñåõ áîëüøóå ñïàñ¿áî áîëüøóé áóìáà (ïðî-)áîðìîòáòü (áîðìî÷ý, áîðìó÷åøü) áîðîäá áîðò (íà áîðòý) áó÷êà ´ áîÿòüñÿ (II) (imp) (áîøñü, áî¿øüñÿ) (+ gen) (ïî-)áåñéäîâàòü (III) (áåñéäóþ, áåñéäóåøü) (ïî-)áëåäíéòü (I) (áëåäíéþ, áëåäíéåøü) áëøäî áðàò (ìîåãó) áðáòà / (ìî¿õ) áðáòüåâ çîâýò ... «Áðáòüÿ Êàðàìáçîâû» áðàê áðàòü (áåðý, áåð¸øü) / âçÿòü (âîçüìý, âîçüì¸øü) (ïî-)áðèòü (áðéþ, áðéåøü) áðîâü (f) áðîíõ¿ò áðîñáíèå áðîñáòü (I) / áðóñèòü (II) (áðóøó, áðóñèøü) áðøêè áðþíéò (áðþíéòêà) áóä¿ëüíèê áýäüòå äîáðÏ (+ imperative) ÿ áýäó, òû áýäåøü, îí / îíá áýäåò, ìû áýäåì, âû áýäåòå, îí¿ áýäóò áýäóùàÿ æåíá áýëî÷êà áýëî÷íàÿ áóòÏëêà áóôéò (ÿ) áû õîòéë(à) ... áûâáòü (I) (imp) áûâáåò áÏâøèé áûñòðéå áÏñòðî áÏñòðûé áûòü (imp) â / âî (+ prep) â / âî (+ acc) âàãóí âàêáíñèÿ âàëøòà (ïî-)âàë§òüñÿ (I) âàíèë¿í âáííà âáííàÿ (adjectival noun) âáðåæêà âàðéíüå (c-)âàð¿òü (II) Âàðøáâà âàø (m), âáøà (f), âáøå (n), âáøè (pl) (formal) âäîááâîê âåäü âåê âåë¿êèé

most of all thank you very much big bomb to mutter beard side of ship, board barrel to be afraid of to talk, converse to go pale course, dish brother my brother(s) is / are called ... Brothers Karamazov marriage to take to shave eyebrow bronchitis throwing to give up (literally: to throw) trousers dark haired (person), brunette alarm clock be so kind (as to) I, you, he / she, we, you, they will be future wife bun, bread roll bakery bottle snack-bar; sideboard I would like … to be (frequentative) it happens former quicker, more quickly quick(ly) quick to be in, at to, into carriage vacancy (hard) currency to loll around vanilla bath(-tub) bathroom mitten jam to cook, boil Warsaw your furthermore, moreover, in addition, also you know, you see century renowned, big S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

it’s / they are big (on me) (etc.) Great October Socialist Revolution Great Britain bicycle cycling to believe vermouth that’s right to return upright position weight happy The Merry Widow to weigh spring in (the) spring Libra all, the whole (I am) just like my granny veterinary surgeon (it is) windy windy in the evening evening hanger to hang (s.th. s.where)

Vocabulary

îí (îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) âåë¿ê (âåëèêá, âåëèêó, âåëèê¿) Âåë¿êàÿ Îêòµáðüñêàÿ Ñîöèàëèñò¿÷åñêàÿ ðåâîëøöèÿ Âåëèêîáðèòáíèÿ âåëîcèïéä âåëîñïóðò (ïî-)âéðèòü (II) (+ dat) âéðìóò âéðíî âåðíýòüñÿ (I) (pf) (âåðíýñü, âåðí¸øüñÿ) âåðòèêáëüíîå ïîëîæéíèå âåñ âécåëî «Âåñ¸ëàÿ âäîâá» âéñèòü (II) (imp) (âéøó, âéñèøü) âåñíá âåñíóé Âåñû âåñü (m), âñÿ (f), âñ¸ (n), âñå (pl) (ÿ) âåñü â áááó âåòåðèíáðíûé âðà÷ âéòðåíî âéòðåíûé âé÷åðîì âé÷åð âéøàëêà âéøàòü (I) / ïîâéñèòü (II) (ïîâéøó, ïîâéñèøü) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) âçá¿òûå cë¿âêè âçãëÿä âçûñêáòåëüíûé âçÿòü (pf) (âîçüìý, âîçüì¸øü) âèäåîêáìåðà (ó-)â¿äåòü (II) (â¿æó, â¿äèøü) (ó-)â¿äåòü (II) âî ñíå (+ acc) â¿ä â¿äû ñïóðòà â¿çà â¿ëêà â¿ëëà ¿ëüíþñ âèíó âèñéòü (II) (imp) (âèøý, âèñ¿øü) âèòàì¿í âèõðü (m) âèøí¸âûé êîìïóò âêëþ÷áòü (I) / âêëþ÷¿òü (II) âêëþ÷áòü (I) / âêëþ÷¿òü (II) (â ðîçéòêó / â ýëåêòðîcéòü) âêëþ÷áòü (I) (imp) (â cåáµ) âêðóòýþ (adverb) âêýcíûé âëàñòü (f) âìéñòå (ñ + instr) âìéñòî (+ gen) âìéøèâàòü (I) / âìåøáòü (I) âìéøèâàòüñÿ (I) / âìåøáòücÿ (I) ìû (etc.) âíéøíå ïîõóæè âíéøíîñòü (f)

whipped cream look perfectionist to take camcorder to see to dream about type, sort sports visa fork villa Vilnius (capital of Lithuania) wine to hang (= to be hanging) vitamin whirlwind cherry compote to contain; to include to switch on, plug into (a socket / the mains) to contain hard boiled tasty, delicious power together (with) instead of to mix in, fold in to interfere we (etc.) look alike appearance 441

Ñëîâàðü

âíèìáòåëüíî âíèìáòåëüíûé âíóê âíý÷êà âíýòðåííèé âî âðéìÿ (+ gen) âî cêóëüêî? âóâðåìÿ âîäåâ¿ëü (m) âîä¿òåëü (m) ´ âóäíûå ëÏæè Âîäîëéé âîäÿíáÿ ááíÿ âîç¿òü (II) (imp) (âîæý, âóçèøü) âîçìóæíî âîçâðàùáòüñÿ (I) / âåðíýòüñÿ (I) (âåðíýñü, âåðí¸øüñÿ) «Âîéíá è ìèð» âîéò¿ (I) (pf) (âîéäý, âîéä¸øü) (past âîø¸ë, âîøëá) (â / íà + acc) âóçðàñò âîêçáë âîêðýã (+ gen) âîêðýã ñâéòà âîëåâóé âîëê âîëêóâ áîµòüñÿ - â ëåñ íå õîä¿òü (proverb) (âç-)âîëíîâáòü (III) (âîëíýþ, âîëíýåøü) (âç-)âîëíîâáòücÿ (III) (âîëíýþcü, âîëíýåøücÿ) íå âîëíýéñÿ / íå âîëíýéòåcü âóëíû ïëéùóò âîïðåê¿ (+ dat) âîïðåê¿ cîâéòó âócåìü âóñåìü ñ ïîëîâ¿íîé âócåìüäåcÿò âîcåìíáäöàòü âîcåìücóò âócåìü òÏcÿ÷ âîcêðåcéíüå âîñïðèíèìáòü (I) / âîñïðèíµòü (âîñïðèìý, âîñïð¿ìåøü) âîññòàíáâëèâàòü (I) / âîññòàíîâ¿òü (II) (âîññòàíîâëø, âîññòàíóâèøü) âîñòóê (íà âîñòóêå) âîò âðà÷ âðéìÿ (n) âðéìÿ ãóäà âðéìÿ îò âðéìåíè âðéìÿ îòïðàâëéíèÿ âðéìÿ ïðèáÏòèÿ âðÿä ëè âñå âñå áèëéòû ïðóäàíû âcåãäá âc¸ âñ¸ áûëî ó÷åíü âêýcíî âc¸ â ïîðµäêå

442

carefully careful grandson granddaughter internal during, at the time of at what time? on time musical comedy driver water skiing Aquarius bain-marie to convey possibly, it is possible to return War and Peace to enter age (railway) station around around the world strong-willed wolf if you are afraid of wolves don’t go into the forest to worry to be worried, anxious don’t worry waves are lapping in spite of despite the advice eight eight and a half eighty eighteen eight hundred eight thousand Sunday to perceive, take to restore east here (is / are) doctor time season from time to time departure time arrival time it is unlikely all, everybody, everyone all the tickets are sold out always everything, all everything was delicious everything is OK, that’s all right S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

all the same still, all the same I (etc.) don’t mind nevertheless, all the same, still to boil soft boiled to recall, remember flash back(wards) to get up

Vocabulary

âñ¸ æå âñ¸ ðàâíó ìíå (etc.) âc¸ ðàâíó âñ¸-òàêb âñêèïÿò¿òü (II) (pf) (âñêèïÿ÷ý, âñêèïÿò¿øü) âñìµòêó (adverb) âñïóìèíáòü (I) / âñïóìíèòü (II) âñïÏøêà âñïÿòü âñòàâáòü (âñòàø, âñòà¸øü) / âñòàòü (âñòáíó, âñòáíåøü) âñòðåâóæåííûé (past participle) âcòðå÷áòü (I) / âñòðéòèòü (II) (âñòðé÷ó, âñòðéòèøü) âñòðå÷áòüñÿ (I) / âñòðéòèòüñÿ (II) âñòóï¿òåëüíûé ýêçáìåí âòîðáÿ ìèðîâáÿ âîéíá âòóðíèê (âî âòóðíèê) âòîðóé âòîðóé ýòáæ âòîðóå áëøäî âóç (= âÏcøåå ó÷éáíîå çàâåäéíèå) âõîä âõîä¿òü (II) (âõîæý, âõóäèøü) / âîéò¿ (âîéäý, âîéä¸øü) (past âîø¸ë, âîøëá) (â / íà + acc) â÷åðá â÷åðáøíèé âû âûáèðáòü (I) / âÏáðàòü (I) (âÏáåðó, âÏáåðåøü) âûáðáñûâàòü (I) / âÏáðîñèòü (II) (âÏáðîøó, âÏáðîñèøü) âÏãëÿäåòü (II) (imp) (âÏãëÿæó, âÏãëÿäèøü) âûãëµäûâàòü (I) / âÏãëÿíóòü (I) (âÏãëÿíó, âÏãëÿíåøü) ´ èç (+ gen) âÏäàí (past participle) âûäàâáòü (âûäàø, âûäà¸øü) / âÏäàòü (âÏäàì, âÏäàøü, âÏäàñò, âÏäàäèì, âÏäàäèòå, âÏäàäóò) âûäåëµòü (I) / âÏäåëèòü (II) âûäåëµòüñÿ (I) / âÏäåëèòüñÿ (II) âûçäîðáâëèâàòü (I) / âÏçäîðîâåòü (I) (âÏçäîðîâåþ, âÏçäîðîâååøü) âÏçîâ âÏçûâàòü (I) / âÏçâàòü (I) (âÏçîâó, âÏçîâåøü) (+ acc) âÏèãðûâàòü (I) / âÏèãðàòü (I) âÏéòè (I) (pf) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) èç ìóäû âûêëþ÷áòü (I) / âÏêëþ÷èòü (II) (èç ðîçéòêè) âÏëåò âûëåòáòü (I) / âÏëåòåòü (II) (âÏëå÷ó, âÏëåòèøü) âÏïèòü ´(I) (pf) (âÏïüþ, ´ âÏïüåøü) âÏïîëíÿòü (I) / âÏïîëíèòü (II) âÏïîëíÿòücÿ (I) / âÏïîëíèòücÿ (II) âûïóñêí¿ê (âûïóñêí¿öà) âûðàááòûâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / âÏðàáîòàòü(ñÿ) (I) âÏðàáîòêà âÏðàcòè (pf) (âÏðàcòó, âÏðàcòåøü) (past âÏðîñ / âÏðîñëà)

alarmed to meet to meet (up) (higher education) entrance exam World War Two Tuesday second first floor main course higher educational establishment entrance, entry to enter yesterday yesterday(’s) you (formal and/or plural) to choose to throw away to look to look out of issued to issue to assign to be marked out to get better call to call (s.one) to win to go out of fashion to switch off, unplug departure (flying) to depart (flying) to drink (up) to fulfil, carry out to be carried out graduate to (be) produce(d) production to grow (up)

443

Ñëîâàðü

444

âûðáùèâàòü (I) / âÏðàñòèòü (II) (âÏðàùó, âÏðàñòèøü) âûñáæèâàòü (I) / âÏcàäèòü (II) (âÏcàæó, âÏcàäèøü) (+ acc) èç òàêc¿ âûñóêèé âûcîêîêá÷åcòâåííûé âûñîòá âÏñîõíóòü (I) (pf) (âÏcîõíó, âÏcîõíåøü) âÏcòàâêà (íà âÏcòàâêå) âÏcòðåë âûñòóïáòü (I) / âÏñòóïèòü (II) ´ (âÏñòóïëþ, âÏñòóïèøü) âÏòèðàòü ´ (I) / âÏòåðåòü (âÏòðó, âÏòðåøü) âÏõîä âûõîä¿òü (II) (âûõîæý, âûõóäèøü) / âÏéòè (I) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) èç (+ gen) âûõîäíóé âûõîäíÏå â âûõîäíÏå äíè âû÷èñë¿òåëüíûé öåíòð âûøåóêáçàííûé (past participle) âüøãà (ñ-)âÿçáòü (I) (âÿæý, â§æåøü) ãàçéòà ãàðáæ ãàðäåðóá ãàcòðîíóì ãáëî÷êà ãáëcòóê ãàðí¿ð ãäå áýäåò ...? ãäå íàõóäèòcÿ ...? ãäé-íèáóäü ãäé-òî ãäå ¢òî ìóæíî êóï¿òü? ãåîãðàô¿÷åñêàÿ êáðòà ãåóëîã ãåîìéòðèÿ Ãåðìáíèÿ ã¿áåëü (f) ãèìíáçèÿ ãèìíácò (ãèìíácòêà) ãëáâíûé (ïî-)ãëáäèòü (II) (ãëáæó, ãëáäèøü) áåëü¸ Ãëáçãî (indeclinable) ãëàç (â ãëàçý) (pl ãëàçá) ãëîòáòü (I) / ïðîãëîò¿òü (II) (ïðîãëî÷ý, ïðîãëóòèøü) ãîâîð¿ò Ðáäèî Ìîcêâá ãîâîð¿òü (II) / ñêàçáòü (I) (ñêàæý, ñêáæåøü) ãîâîð¿òü (II) ïî-àíãë¿éñêè / ïî-ðýññêè / ïî-ôðàíöýçñêè ãîâîð¿òü (II) ïî òåëåôóíó (îä¿í) ãîä (äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå) ãóäà ãîä ðîæäéíèÿ ãîäîâóé ïëàí Ãîëëáíäèÿ

to grow to throw (s.one) out of the taxi high, tall high quality height to wither exhibition (gun) shot to perform to wipe (up) gate, exit to leave day off days off, weekend on (one’s) days off computer centre foregoing snowstorm to knit, tie newspaper garage wardrobe food store tick tie garnish where will … be? where is … (situated)? somewhere, anywhere (location) somewhere (location) where can I buy it? physical map geologist geometry Germany death, demise grammar school gymnast main to do the ironing Glasgow eye to swallow Radio Moscow speaking to speak, say, tell to speak English / Russian / French to speak on the telephone (one) year (two / three / four) years year of birth yearly plan Holland S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

head headgear hungry (light) blue race much much more much better to develop a stoop hormone town bitter! hot water hot oh dear (oh god) Mr (Russian title) Mrs (Russian title) lounge Gostiny Dvor to stay with guest state state to prepare (oneself) for

Vocabulary

ãîëîâá ãîëîâíóé óáóð ãóëîäåí (ãîëîäíá) ãîëóáóé ãóíêà ãîðáçäî (before comparatives) ãîðáçäî áóëüøå ãîðáçäî ëý÷øå (ñ-)ãóðáèòücÿ (II) (ãóðáëþñü, ãóðáèøüñÿ) ãîðìóí ãóðîä ãóðüêî! (used at weddings) ãîð§÷àÿ âîäá ãîð§÷èé ãóñïîäè / áóæå ìóé ãîcïîä¿í ãîcïîæá ãîcò¿íàÿ Ãîñò¿íûé Äâîð ãîñò¿òü (II) (imp) (ãîùý, ãîñò¿øü) ó (+ gen) ãîñòü (m) (ãóñòüÿ) ãîñóäáðñòâåííûé (adjective) ãîñóäáðñòâî (ïîä-)ãîòóâèòüñÿ (II) (ãîòóâëþñü, ãîòóâèøüñÿ) ê (+ dat) (ïðè-)ãîòóâèòü (II) (ãîòóâëþ, ãîòóâèøü) ãîòóâî ãðàí¿öà ãðáôèê äâèæéíèÿ ãðéáëÿ ãðééïôðóòîâûé ãðéíêà (íà-)ãðåòü (I) (ãðéþ, ãðéåøü) Ãðéöèÿ ãðèá ãðèïï ãðîçá áûâáþò ãðóçû (ïî)ãðóì÷å ãðýáîñòü (f) ãðóç ãðýcòíî ãðýøà ãóáá (pl ãýáû) (ïî-)ãóë§òü (I) ä. = äîì äà äà åù¸ äàâáé(òå) âcòðéòèìcÿ äàâáòü (äàø, äà¸øü) / äàòü (äàì, äàøü, äàñò, äàä¿ì, äàä¿òå, äàäýò) äáéòå äâå ïáðû äáéòå c÷¸ò, ïîæáëóécòà äàëåêó îò (+ gen) äàë¸êèé äáëüøå ïî (+ dat) äáìà äáííûå (ïî-)äàð¿òü (II) äáòà

to cook, prepare it’s done frontier, border transport timetable rowing grapefruit juice crouton to heat, warm up Greece mushroom flu (thunder)storm (there are) thunderstorms (a little) louder rudeness freight, cargo sad pear thin lips to walk, go for a stroll; play block of flats, house yes also, too, as well (as) let’s meet to give could I have two pairs could you bring the bill, please far away from far, distant further along lady data to give (a present) date 445

Ñëîâàðü

446

äáòà ðîæäéíèÿ äá÷à äâà (m & n), äâå (f) (â) äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ÷àcà äâà ìèëëèóíà äâáäöàòü äâáäöàòü òÏcÿ÷ äâàäöàòèïÿòèëéòèå äâå / òðè / ÷åòÏðå òÏcÿ÷è äâåíáäöàòü äâóå äåòéé äâóéêà (= íåóäîâëåòâîð¿òåëüíî) äâîðéö áðàêîcî÷åòáíèÿ äâîðéö ñïóðòà Äâîðöóâàÿ ïëóùàäü äâîøðîäíàÿ ñåñòðá äâîøðîäíûé áðàò äâóõìéñòíûé íóìåð Äéâà äéâóøêà äåâÿíócòî äåâÿòíáäöàòü äéâÿòü äéâÿòü òÏcÿ÷ äéäóøêà (m) äéäóøêó çîâýò … äåêëàðáöèÿ (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) äîìáøíèå çàäáíèÿ (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) çàð§äêó (c-)äéëàòü (I) ïåðåcáäêó (c-)äéëàòü (I) ðåìóíò äåëèêàòéñ äéëî äéëî â òîì, ÷òî äåëîâáÿ ïîéçäêà äåëîâ¿òûé äåíü (m) äåðåâéíñêèé òâóðîã äåðéâíÿ äéðåâî (pl äåðéâüÿ) äåðåâ§ííûé äåðæáòü (II) (imp) (äåðæý, äéðæèøü) äåcéðò äécÿòü äécÿòü òÏcÿ÷ äécÿòü ìèëëèóíîâ äåñÿòèëéòíÿÿ øêóëà äåòåêò¿â äåòåêò¿âíûé ðîìáí äéòè äéòñêèé äéòñêèé âðà÷ äéòcêîå ïèòáíèå äéòñêèé ñàä äéòñêèé òåáòð äæàç äæåì äæèí äèâáí

date of birth summer cottage, dacha two (at) two / three / four o’clock two million twenty twenty thousand twenty-fifth birthday two / three / four thousand twelve two children two (= unsatisfactory) (mark in education) wedding palace sports centre Palace Square (first female) cousin (first male) cousin double / twin room Virgo girl(friend) ninety nineteen nine nine thousand grandfather (my) grandfather is called ... declaration (form) to do, to make to do one’s homework to do one’s exercises to change (trains, buses) to decorate delicacy matter, business, thing (to do) the fact is that business trip efficient day country cheese village, countryside tree wooden to hold dessert ten ten thousand ten million ten-year school detective (story) detective story children children’s pediatrician baby food nursery school, kindergarten children’s theatre jazz marmalade gin settee S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

wild dictation first degree disco length duration for diary, notebook in the afternoon days of the week up to, before from ... until ... see you tomorrow!, bye! until the present time goodbye till now to such an extent to add good morning / afternoon good morning trust to trust to complete something

Vocabulary

ä¿êèé äèêòáíò äèïëóì äèñêîòéêà (íà äèñêîòéêå) äëèíá äë¿òåëüíîñòü (f) äëÿ (+ gen) äíåâí¿ê äí¸ì äíè íåäéëè äî (+ gen) ñ / ñî (+ gen) … äî … (+ gen) äî çáâòðà! äî íàñòî§ùåãî âðéìåíè äî câèäáíèÿ äî ñèõ ïîð äî òàêóé ñòéïåíè äîáàâë§òü (I) / äîááâèòü (II) (äîááâëþ, äîááâèøü) äóáðûé äåíü äóáðîå ýòðî äîâéðèå äîâåð§òü (I) / äîâéðèòü (II) (+ dat) äîâîä¿òü (II) (äîâîæý, äîâóäèøü) / äîâåcò¿ (äîâåäý, äîâåä¸øü) äéëî äî êîíöá äîâóëåí (äîâóëüíà) (+ instr) äîæäë¿âûé äîæäü (m) äîåçæáòü (I) / äîéõàòü (äîéäó, äîéäåøü) äî (+ gen) äîêáçûâàòü (I) / äîêàçáòü (I) (äîêàæý, äîêáæåøü) äîêëáä÷èê äóêòîð (title) äîêóìéíò äóëãî äóëæíîñòü (f) äóëëàð äîì (pl äîìá) äóìà äîìáøíèé äîìáøíèå äåëá äîìáøíåå çàäáíèå (pl äîìáøíèå çàäáíèÿ) äîìáøíÿÿ õîç§éêà äîìîâ¿òûé äîìîâóäñòâî äîïîçäíá äîðîãóé äîñòàâáòü (äîñòàø, äîñòà¸øü) / äîñòáòü (äîñòáíó, äîñòáíåøü) äî÷ü (f) (ìîø) äî÷ü çîâýò (ïî-)äýìàòü (I) äðàìàò¿÷åñêèé òåàòð äðéâíèé äðóã (pl äðóçü§) äðóãóé â äðóãóé ðàç äðóæåëøáíûé (ñ-)äðóæ¿òü (II) ñ (+ instr) äðóçü§ ïî óíèâåðñèòéòó äýåò âéòåð äóõóâíàÿ æèçíü

content (with), happy (with) rainy rain to get to, reach (by transport) to prove speaker, lecturer doctor document for a long time position dollar house, block of flats at home home, domestic household chores homework housewife thrifty home economics until late dear, expensive to get, obtain daughter (my) daughter is called ... to think theatre ancient friend different another time friendly to be friends with university friends the wind is blowing, it’s windy spiritual life, star(s) 447

Ñëîâàðü

äóø äóøá äýøíî «Ä§äÿ Âáíÿ» Åâðóïà Åã¿ïåò åãó (pronounced åâó) åãó çîâýò ... åäá (sing) åäèí¿öà (= ó÷åíü ïëóõî) å¸ å¸ çîâýò ... åæåãóäíî éçäèòü (II) (imp) (éçæó, éçäèøü) (frequentative, multi-directional) éçäèòü (II) (imp) â äåðéâíþ éçäèòü (II) (imp) â óòïóñê ¸ìêîñòü (f) åìý èñïóëíèëîñü øåñòüäåñ§ò éñëè (ñú)åñòü (åì, åøü, åñò, åä¿ì, åä¿òå, åä§ò) åñòü ëè ó âàc ïðè cåáé äéíüãè? åcòü ó âàc? = ó âàc åcòü? (ïî-)éõàòü (I) (éäó, éäåøü) (unidirectional) åù¸ åù¸ íå(ò) åù¸ îä¿í (m), îäíá (f), îäíó (n), îäí¿ (pl) (ïî-)æáëîâàòüñÿ (III) (æáëóþñü, æáëóåøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) æàëü ìíå (etc.) æàëü (, ÷òî ...) æàíð æáðåíûé æáðêèé æáðêî (ïîäî-)æäáòü (æäó, æä¸øü) (+ gen) æä¿(òå) (imperative) æåëáòåëüíî (ïî-)æåëáòü (I) (+ dat) (+ gen) (ÿ) æåëáþ (òåáé / âàì) ñ÷àñòë¿âîãî ïóò¿ æåëéçíàÿ äîðóãà (cî-)æåëòéòü (I) (æåëòéþ, æåëòéåøü) æ¸ëòûé æåíáò æåí¿òüñÿ (II) íà (+ prep) (of a man) / âÏéòè (I) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) çáìóæ çà (+ acc) (of a woman) æåí¿õ æéíùèíà æåðåá¸íîê (pl æåðåá§òà) æåòóí (ñ-)æå÷ü (æãó, ææ¸øü, æãóò) â æèâÏõ æèâóò æèâóòíîå æ¿äêîñòü (f) æ¿çíåííî æèëêîìýííà æèð æ¿ðíàÿ ñìåòáíà

448

shower soul, spirit stuffy, suffocating; it is stuffy, close Uncle Vanya Europe Egypt his his name is ..., he is called … meal/meals one (= very poor) (mark in education) her her name is ..., she is called ... annually, every year to go (by transport) to go to the country to go on holiday container he’s just turned sixty if to eat do you have money on you? do you have? to (be) go(ing) (by transport) still, yet not yet one more, extra to complain about it’s / that’s a pity I’m (etc.) sorry (that ...) genre fried hot (it is) hot to wait (for) wait it is desirable to wish (s.one) (s.th.) (I wish you) bon voyage, have a pleasant journey railway to turn yellow yellow married (of a man) to get married fiancé woman foal token, coupon to burn alive stomach animal, pet liquid vitally commune fat full fat sour cream S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

resident to live magazine, journal journalist journalism over (a period) behind; for (to fetch) two hours before at dinner over forty to fall ill (with)

Vocabulary

æ¿òåëü (æ¿òåëüíèöà) æèòü (imp) (æèâý, æèâ¸øü) æóðíáë æóðíàë¿cò (æóðíàë¿còêà) æóðíàë¿ñòèêà çà (+ acc) çà (+ instr) çà äâà ÷àñá äî (+ gen) çà îáéäîì çà ñóðîê çàáîëåâáòü (I) / çàáîëéòü (I) (çàáîëéþ, çàáîëéåøü) (+ instr) (ïî-)çàáóòèòüñÿ (II) (çàáó÷óñü, çàáóòèøüñÿ) î (+ prep) çàáûâáòü (I) / çàáÏòü (çàáýäó, çàáýäåøü) çàâéòíàÿ öåëü (f) çàâóä çàâîä¿òü(cÿ) (II) (çàâîæý, çàâóäèøü) / çàâåcò¿(cü) (çàâåäý, çàâåä¸øü) çáâòðà çàâòðáøíèé (adjective) (íà) çáâòðàê (ïî-)çáâòðàêàòü (I) çàãë§äûâàòü (I) (imp) ïîä êðîâáòü çàãc çàäàâáòü (çàäàø, çàäà¸øü) / çàäáòü (çàäáì, çàäáøü) âîïðóñ çàêáç çàêáçûâàòü (I) / çàêàçáòü (çàêàæý, çàêáæåøü) (õîëóäíûå / ãîð§÷èå) çàêýcêè çàêóí÷åí (past participle) çàêóí÷èòü (II) (pf) çàêðý÷èâàòü (I) / çàêðóò¿òü (II) (çàêðó÷ý, çàêðýòèøü) çàêðûâáòü (I) / çàêðÏòü (çàêðóþ, çàêðóåøü) çàêýñî÷íàÿ çàë âÏëåòà çàìåí§òü (I) / çàìåí¿òü (II) (cîáóé) çàìå÷áòåëüíûé çàìå÷áòü (I) / çàìéòèòü (II) (çàìé÷ó, çàìéòèøü) «Çáìîê ãéðöîãà Ñ¿íÿÿ Áîðîäá» çáìóæåì çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) / çàí§òüñÿ (çàéìýñü, çàéì¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) ë¸ãêîé àòëéòèêîé çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) ñàäîâóäñòâîì çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) òáíöàìè çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) òóð¿çìîì / õîä¿òü (II) (õîæý, õóäèøü) â ïîõóä çáíÿò (çàíÿòá) (past participle) çàí§òèå çáïàä (íà çáïàäå) çáïàõ çàï¿ñûâàòü (I) / çàïècáòü (çàïèøý, çàï¿øåøü) çàï¿ñûâàòüñÿ (I) / çàïècáòücÿ (çàïèøýñü, çàï¿øåøüñÿ) ê (+ dat) çàïëáêàòü (pf) (çàïëá÷ó, çàïëá÷åøü) çàïóëíè(òå) (imperative) çàïîëí§òü (I) / çàïóëíèòü (II) çàïîìèíáòü (I) / çàïóìíèòü (II)

to be worried about to forget outstanding ambition factory to start (car) tomorrow tomorrow(’s) (at / for) breakfast to have breakfast to look under the bed registry office to ask a question order to book, order (cold / hot) starters finished, concluded to graduate to turn off (tap) to close snack bar departure lounge to replace (oneself) remarkable to notice (Duke) Bluebeard’s Castle married (of a woman) to take part in, go in for, engage in; to study (in library etc.) to take part in track and field athletics to garden to go dancing to go hiking busy class (in further / higher education) west smell to record to make an appointment with to begin to cry (could you) fill in to fill in to memorize, remember 449

Ñëîâàðü

450

çàïýùåííûé (past participle) çàïÿòáÿ çàðáíåå çàðïëáòà çàðóáéæíûé çàðóáéæíàÿ ëèòåðàòýðà çàð§äêà çàñìå§òüñÿ (pf) (çàñìåøñü, çàñìå¸øüñÿ) çáñóõà çàñûïáòü (I) / çàcíýòü (çàcíý, çàcí¸øü) çàõâáòûâàþùèé çà÷¸ò çà÷èòáòüñÿ (I) (pf) êí¿ãîé çàøèâáòü (I) / çàø¿òü (çàøüø, çàøü¸øü) çàù¿òà äèïëóìíîé ðàáóòû çàùèùáòü (I) / çàùèò¿òü (II) (çàùèùý, çàùèò¿øü) çà§âëÿòü (I) / çàÿâ¿òü (II) (çàÿâëø, çà§âèøü) çâáíèå (ïî-)çâàòü (çîâý, çîâ¸øü) çâåçäá (pl çâ¸çäû) çâ¸çäû áëéùóò çâåðü (m) (ïî-)çâîí¿òü (II) (+ dat) çâîíóê çâóê çäáíèå çäåcü (ïî-)çäîðóâàòüñÿ (I) ñ (+ instr) çäîðóâûé çäðáâcòâóé çäðáâcòâóéòå çåë¸íûé / çéëåíî çåë¸íûé ëóê çéðêàëî ç¸ðíà êóôå çèìá çèìóé ç¿ìíèå âéùè Ç¿ìíèé äâîðéö çíàê çíàêóì (past participle) (ïî-)çíàêóìèòü (II) (çíàêóìëþ, çíàêóìèøü) çíàêóìûé (çíàêóìàÿ) (adjectival noun) çíàêóìcòâî çíàìåí¿òûé çíáíèÿ (pl) ïî (+ dat) çíàòü (I) (imp) çíá÷èò çíá÷èòü (II) (imp) çíáþùèé êàê âàñ çîâýò? (formal) êàê òe᧠çîâýò? (informal) çóä÷åñòâî çîëîòóé çîíò çðéíèå çð¿òåëüíûé çàë çóá çóáíóé âðà÷ è

put, released comma in advance salary foreign foreign literature exercise(s) to begin to laugh drought to fall asleep exciting pass (in higher education) to be engrossed in a book to sew in defence of diploma (work), dissertation to defend to announce title to call star (the) stars are shining wild animal to ring, call, telephone bell sound building here to greet (s.one), say hello to (s.one) healthy hello (informal) hello (formal and/or plural) green green onions mirror coffee beans winter in (the) winter winter things Winter Palace sign acquainted to acquaint acquaintance, friend acquaintance, introductions famous knowledge of to know that’s to say to mean learned what’s your name? what’s your name? architecture golden umbrella vision auditorium tooth dentist and S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

both ... and Ivan the Great needle to play to play (game, sport) to play (instrument) toy go along the street it is raining it suits / they suit me (etc.) to (be) go(ing) (on foot)

Vocabulary

è…è Èâáí Âåë¿êèé èãóëêà èãðáòü (I) / ñûãðáòü (I) èãðáòü (I) â (+ acc) èãðáòü (I) íà (+ prep) èãðýøêà èä¿(òå) (imperative) ïî ýëèöå èä¸ò äîæäü (m) îí (îíá, îíó) ìíå (etc.) èä¸ò / (îí¿) ìíå (etc.) èäýò èäò¿ (èäý, èä¸øü) / ïîéò¿ (ïîéäý, ïîéä¸øü) (past ø¸ë, øëá) (unidirectional) èç (+ gen) èç Áíãëèè èçâèí¿(òå) (imperative) «Èçâécòèÿ» èçâéñòíî èçâéñòíûé èçäàâáòü (èçäàø, èçäà¸øü) / èçäáòü (èçäáì, èçäáøü, èçäáñò, èçäàä¿ì, èçäàä¿òå, èçäàäýò) èçäàëåêá èç-çá (+ gen) èçë¿øêè æ¿ðà èçìåí§òü(ñÿ) (I) / èçìåí¿òü(ñÿ) (II) èçìåð§òü (I) / èçìéðèòü (II) (+ acc) èçó÷áòü (I) (imp) (+ acc) èçó÷éíèå èêðá ¿ëè ¿ëè ... ¿ëè ¿ì(åíè) (+ gen) èìéòü (I) (imp) (èìéþ, èìéåøü) èìéòü (I) â âèäý èìéòü (I) ïîä ðóêóé èìéòü (I) óñïéõ èììýííàÿ cècòéìà èììóíèòéò îðãàí¿çìà èìïåðàòð¿öà èìïîðò¸ð ¿ìÿ (n) èíä¿écêèé (adjective) èíä¿åö (èíäèáíêà) / èíä¿éöû ¡íäèÿ èíæåíéð èíîãäá èíîñòðáíåö (èíîcòðáíêà) èíîñòðáííûé èíîñòðáííûé ÿçûê èícòèòýò èíñòèòýò îõðáíû ïðèðóäû èíòåëëåêòóáëüíûå ñïîñóáíîñòè èíòåðécíî èíòåðécíûé (çà-)èíòåðåñîâáòüñÿ (III) (èíòåðåñýþñü, èíòåðåñýåøüñÿ) (+ instr) èíòåðíéò èíòåðíéòîâñêèé (adjective) èí§ç (ôàêóëüòéò èíîcòðáííûõ ÿçûêóâ) èðëáíäåö (èðëáíäêà) / èðëáíäöû Èðëáíäèÿ

from from England sorry, excuse me Izvestiya = News (daily paper) (it is) well known famous, well known to publish from far off from behind; because of excesses of fat to change to measure, to take (temperature) to study (subject) study caviar or either … or … named after to have to have in mind to have at hand to be successful, have success immune system the body’s immunity empress importer first name Indian Indian / the Indians India engineer sometimes foreigner foreign foreign language institute environmental protection institute intellectual abilities (it is) interesting interesting to be interested (in) internet internet foreign languages faculty Irishman (Irish woman) / the Irish Ireland 451

Ñëîâàðü

452

èðëáíäcêèé (adjective) ècïáíåö (ècïáíêà) / ècïáíöû Ècïáíèÿ ècïáícêèé (adjective) èñïé÷ü (pf) (èñïåêý, èñïå÷¸øü, èñïåêýò) (past èñï¸ê, èñïåêëá) åìý (etc.) èñïóëíèëîñü øåñòüäåñ§ò èñïîëí¿òåëü (m) (èñïîëí¿òåëüíèöà) èñïîëí§òü (I) / èñïóëíèòü (II) èñïóëüçîâàòü (III) (imp) (èñïóëüçóþ, ècïóëüçóåøü) (+ acc) èññëéäîâàíèå èññëéäîâàòåëüñêàÿ ðàáóòà èñòóðèÿ èñòóðèÿ ðýccêîãî ÿçûêá èñ÷åçáòü (I) / èc÷éçíóòü (I) (èc÷éçíó, èc÷éçíåøü) Èòáëèÿ èòàëü§ícêèé (adjective) èòàëü§íåö (èòàëü§íêà) / èòàëü§íöû èõ èõ çîâýò ... éóãà (ôðóêòóâûé) éóãóðò ê / êî (+ dat) ê âáøèì óñëýãàì èìéþòñÿ ... ê âé÷åðó ê êóôå ê ñîæàëéíèþ êàáèíéò êáæäûé êáæåòcÿ ìíå (etc.) êáæåòcÿ, ÷òî ... Êàçáíñêèé ñîáóð êàê(?) êàê ãîâîð¿òñÿ êàê äåëá? êàê äóëãî? êàê åìý ïîáåä¿òü? êàê òâî¿ / âáøè äåëá? êàê åãó / å¸ çîâýò? êàê òå᧠/ âàc çîâýò? êàê ïîæèâáåòå? êáê-íèáóäü êàê ïî-àíãë¿écêè ...? êàê ïî-ðýccêè ...? êàê ðáç (îí, îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) êàê ðàç êáê-òî ´ êáê-òî ðàç êàêáî (n) (indeclinable) êàêóé(?) êàêóé ó íåãó / ó íå¸ òåëåôóí? êàêóãî ÷èñëá? êáëüöèé êàíáäcêèé (adjective) êàíáäåö (êàíáäêà) / êàíáäöû êàíáë êàíöåë§ðèÿ êàïð¿çíè÷àòü (I) (imp) êàïýcòà

Irish Spaniard / the Spanish Spain Spanish to bake he’s (etc.) just turned sixty performer to perform to use, utilise investigation, research research work history history of Russian to disappear Italy Italian Italian / the Italians their they are called ... yoga (fruit) yoghurt to (s.one’s), towards for your use there are … by evening with coffee unfortunately study every, each it seems, apparently, I believe it seems to me (etc.) that ... Kazan Cathedral how(?), as as the saying goes how’s things? (for) how long? how can he win? how’s things with you? what is his / her name? what’s your name? how’s things? somehow, anyhow how do you say ... in English? how do you say ... in Russian? just, at once it is / they are just right (on me) (etc.) somehow once cocoa which(?), what (sort of)(?) what is his / her telephone number? on what date? calcium Canadian Canadian / the Canadians canal office to play up cabbage S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

pencil brown (eyes) pocket carotene map picture hat-box cardboard mashed potatoes with reference to concerning cassette player skiing to go cycling / skiing / skating café sub-faculty quality porridge cough flat, apartment receipt cinema film festival kiosk Cyprus to boil fruit jelly Chinese man (Chinese woman) / the Chinese China Chinese Chinese characters (first / business / economy) class classical music to lay / put (s.th. s.where)

Vocabulary

êàðàíäáø (pl êàðàíäàø¿) êáðèé êàðìáí êàðîò¿í êáðòà êàðò¿íà / êàðò¿íêà (diminutive) êàðòóíêà êàðòóííûé (adjective) êàðòóôåëüíîå ïþðé (n) (indeclinable) êàñáòåëüíî (+ gen) êàñáþùèéñÿ (+ gen) êàccéòíèê êàòáíèå íà ëÏæàõ êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà âåëîñèïéäå / íà ëÏæàõ / íà êîíüêáõ êàôé (n) (indeclinable) êáôåäðà êá÷åñòâî êáøà êáøåëü (m) êâ. = êâàðò¿ðà êâèòáíöèÿ êèíó (n) (indeclinable) êèíîôåñòèâáëü (m) êèócê Êèïð (âñ-)êèïÿò¿òü (II) (êèïÿ÷ý, êèïÿò¿øü) êèñéëü (m) êèòáåö (êèòà§íêà) / êèòáéöû Êèòáé êèòáécêèé (adjective) êèòáéñêèå èåðóãëèôû (ïéðâûé / á¿çíåc- / ýêîíîì¿÷åcêèé) êëàcc êëàcc¿÷åcêàÿ ìýçûêà êëàñòü (êëàäý, êëàä¸øü) / ïîëîæ¿òü (II) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) êëéòêà êë¸í êëþ÷ (pl êëþ÷¿) êëþ÷ îò âáøåãî íóìåðà êëþ÷åâáÿ âîäá êí¿ãà êí¿æíûé øêàô êîâ¸ð êîãäá(?) êîãäá-íèáóäü êîãäá-òî êîãó(?) (acc) êîä ãóðîäà êóå-ãäå êóæàíûé Êîçåðóã êîç¸ë (êîçá) êîçë¸íîê (pl êîçë§òà) êóêà-êóëà (ïî-)êîëåááòücÿ (êîëéáëþcü, êîëéáëåøücÿ) êîë¿÷åñòâî êîëëéäæ êîëëåêöèîíéð êîëëåêöèîí¿ðîâàíèå êîëëéêöèÿ ìáðîê

cage maple key key to your room spring water book book cupboard carpet when(?) at any time, ever at one time, once whom(?) town code here and there leather Capricorn goat kid coca-cola to hesitate number, quantity college (of further education) to collect collecting stamp collection 453

Ñëîâàðü

454

êîëîêóëüíÿ êîëõóç êîëüöó êîìáíäà êîìàíäèðóâêà â êîìàíäèðóâêå êîìéäèÿ êîììåðñáíò Êîììóíèñò¿÷åñêàÿ ïáðòèÿ êîìïáêòíûé äèñê / êîìïáêò-äèñê êîìïáêò-äèñê ñ ðîê-ìýçûêîé êîìïüøòåð êîìïüøòåðíàÿ èãðá êîìý(?) (dat) êîíä¿òåðcêàÿ êîíä¿òåðcêèé îòäéë êîíé÷íî (pronounced êîíéøíî) êóíêóðñ êóííûé ñïîðò êîíñéðâíûé íîæ êîícåðâ¿ðîâàííàÿ ôàcóëü (f) êîíñóëüòáíò êîíòðîë¸ð êîíòðóëüíàÿ ðàáóòà êîíôåðåíö-çáë êîíôéòà êîíöéðò (íà êîíöéðòå) êîíöéðòíûé çàë êîí÷áòü (I) / êóí÷èòü (II) êîíü§ê êîïééêà êîðááëü (m) êîðç¿íà êîð¿÷íåâûé êîðóáêà êîðóáêà èç-ïîä (+ gen) cèãàðéò êîðîëéâñêèé êîðóòêèé êóñìîñ êîñò¸ð êóñòî÷êà êîñòü (f) êîñòøì êîò (êóøêà) êîòóðûé (relative pronoun) êîòóðûé ÷àc? êóôå (m) (indeclinable) êîôåìóëêà êîøåë¸ê êðáé (íà êðàø) êðàí (ïî-)êðáñèòü (II) (êðáøó, êðáñèøü) (ïî-)êðàñíéòü (I) (êðàñíéþ, êðàñíéåøü) êðáñêà êðácíûé êðácíûé êîðèäóð êðáòêèé êðéïêèé ÷àé êðécëî (çà-)êðè÷áòü (II) (êðè÷ý, êðè÷¿øü) (îò ýæàcà)

bell-tower collective farm ring team business / study trip on a business trip comedy businessman Communist Party cd rock music cd computer computer game to / for whom(?) confectioner confectionary section of course competition horse riding tin opener baked beans consultant ticket-collector test conference room sweet, candy concert concert hall to end, finish cognac kopeck ship basket brown box a cigarette packet queen’s / king’s, royal short space bonfire stone (in fruit) bone (wet)suit cat who, which what is the time? coffee coffee grinder wallet edge tap to paint to turn red paint red red channel short, brief strong tea armchair to shout, scream (with fright) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

bed Krokodil = Crocodile (satirical magazine) rabbit apart from furthermore, moreover, in addition, also large to spin round circle Crimea incidentally who(?) which of you ... ? somebody, someone somebody, anybody who’s this? what is your profession? what nationality are you? where ... (to)? somewhere, anywhere (direction) somewhere (direction) cousin cousin doll fist to go bathing compartment (in railway carriage) to buy Millennium Dome to smoke chicken snub-nosed course, year sterling / dollar exchange rate project (man’s) jacket courier (post) small lump, piece kitchen tea towel (small) shop lamp, light electric bulb the bulb is gone lily of the valley stall Latin Swan Lake lion Leo left easier, lighter forest, wood easy, light track (athletics) ice to lie (= to be lying) medicine lecture leptin (five > twenty) years

Vocabulary

êðîâáòü (f) «Êðîêîä¿ë» êðóëèê êðóìå (+ gen) êðóìå òîãó êðýïíûé (çà-)êðóæ¿òüñÿ (II) êðóæóê Êðûì (â Êðûìý) êñòáòè êòî(?) êòî èç âàñ ...? êòó-òî êòó-íèáóäü êòó-òî? êòî òû / âû ïî ïðîôéccèè? êòî òû / âû ïî íàöèîíáëüíîcòè? êóäá? êóäá-íèáóäü êóäá-òî êóçéí (= äâîøðîäíûé áðàò) êóç¿íà (= äâîøðîäíàÿ cåcòðá) êýêëà êóëáê êóïáòüñÿ (I) (imp) êóïé (n) (indeclinable) êóï¿nü (II) (pf) (êóïëø, êýïèøü) Êýïîë Ìèëëéíèóìà (ïî-)êóð¿òü (II) (êóðø, êýðèøü) êýðèöà êóðíóñûé êóðñ êóðc ôýíòà / äóëëàðà êóðñîâáÿ ðàáóòà êýðòêà êóðüéðñêàÿ ïó÷òà êóñó÷åê êýõíÿ êóõóííîå ïîëîòéíöå ëáâêà / ëáâî÷êà (diminutive) ëáìïà (ýëåêòð¿÷åñêàÿ) ëáìïî÷êà ëáìïî÷êà ïåðåãîðéëà ëáíäûø ëàð¸ê (pl ëàðüê¿) ëàò¿íñêèé ÿçÏê «Ëåáåä¿íîå óçåðî» ëåâ Ëåâ ëéâûé ëéã÷å ëåc (â ëåcý) ë¸ãêèé ë¸ãêàÿ àòëéêòèêà ë¸ä (íà ëüäý) ëåæáòü (II) (imp) (ëåæý, ëåæ¿øü) ëåêáðñòâî ëéêöèÿ ëåïò¿í (ïÿòü > äâáäöàòü) ëåò

455

Ñëîâàðü

456

ëåòáòü (I) (imp) ëéòî ëéòîì ë¸ò÷èê ëå÷éíèå ëå÷¿òü (II) (imp) (+ instr) ëèçáòü (I) (imp) (ëèæý, ë¿æåøü) ëèìóí ëèìîíáä ëèíééêà ë¿íèÿ ëèñá ëèñò (pl ë¿ñòüÿ) ëèñòâá Ë¿òâà, ëèòóâñêèé ëèòåðàòýðà ëèôò ëèöéé ëèöó ë¿÷íàÿ ïîéçäêà ë¿øíèé áèëéò ëèøü ëîá (íà ëáý) ëîâ¿òü (II) (ëîâëø, ëóâèøü) / ïîéìáòü (I) ëîæ¿òüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ë§ãó, ë§æåøü) ëîæ¿òüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ë§ãó, ë§æåøü) ñïàòü ëóæêà (ñ-)ëîìáòü(cÿ) (I) ëîòó (n) (indeclinable) ëóøàäü (f) Ëýâð ëóã (íà ëóãý) ëóíá ëý÷øå ëÏñûé ëþá¿ìûé ëþá¿òü (II) (imp) (ëþáëø, ëøáèøü) ëþáóâü (f) ëþáóé ëøáÿùèé ëøäè ë§ã(òå) (imperative) ìàãàç¿í (íà-)ìáçàòü (ìáæó, ìáæåøü) ìàäáì ìáëåíüêèé îí (îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) ìàë (ìàëá, ìàëó, ìàëÏ) ìáëî (+ gen) ìáëî ñâîáóäíîãî âðéìåíè Ìáëûé òåáòð ìàëÏø (ìàëÏøêà) / ìàëûø¿ ìáëü÷èê ìáìà ìáìå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ìáìó / ìàòü çîâýò ... ìáííàÿ êáøà ìáðêà ìàðìåëáä

to fly summer in the summer pilot treatment to treat (with) to lick lemon lemonade ruler line fox leaf foliage Lithuania, Lithuanian literature lift lycée face private trip spare ticket only forehead to catch to lie down to go to bed spoon to break (down) bingo horse Louvre meadow moon better bald favourite to love, like love any loving people lie down shop to spread, smear, oil, grease Madame small it’s / they are small (on me) (etc.) few, little little free time Maly (Small) Theatre baby, little one boy mum mum is ... years old (my) mum / mother is called ... semolina stamp fruit jellies S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ìàøèí¿còêà ì(å)ñüå ìåäáðáò ìåäâéäèöà ìåäâéäü (m) ìåäâåæóíîê (pl ìåäâåæáòà) ìåäèö¿íà ìåäèö¿íñêèé ôàêóëüòéò ìåäóâûé ìécÿö ìåäcåcòðá ìåæäóãîðóäíûé òåëåôóí ìåæäóíàðóäíûé ìåëóäèÿ ìéëî÷ü (f) ìéíüøå ìåíø (n) (indeclinable) ìåí§ (acc) ìåí§ çîâýò ... (ïî)ìåí§òü (I) ìéñòíûé ìécòî (pl ìåcòá) ìéñòî ðàáóòû ìéñòî ðîæäéíèÿ ìéñòî íàõîæäéíèÿ ìéñÿö ìåòëá / ìåò¸ëêà (diminutive) ìåòðó (n) (indeclinable) ìåòðîïîëèòéí Ìåòðîïóëü (m) ìåõîâóé ì¸ä ìèêðîðàéóí ìèëèöèîíéð ìèëëèóí äóëëàðîâ ì¿ëûé / ì¿ëåíüêèé (diminutive) ì¿íóc ìèð ìèð óâëå÷éíèé ìècc ì¿ccèc ì¿còåð ìëáäøèé ìíå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ìíóãî (+ gen) A new ab initio Russian course

route (from / to) butter dish butter, oil mass loads of free time mathematics matrioshka (Russian doll) ... match mother heroine of motherhood to wave car Time Machine machinist / machine engineer, engine / train driver typist Monsieur male nurse she-bear bear bear cub medicine medical faculty honeymoon nurse long distance call, trunk call international tune little thing; change smaller, less menu me my name is ... to change local seat, place place of work place of birth whereabouts, location month broom metro metro, underground Metropole fur honey large housing estate (administrative unit) policeman million dollars dear, darling minus world; peace world of entertainments Miss (used of English speakers) Mrs (used of English speakers) Mr (used of English speakers) younger / youngest I am ... year(s) old a lot

Vocabulary

ìàðøðýò (îò / äî + gen) ìàñë¸íêà ìáñëî ìáññà ìáññà ñâîáóäíîãî âðéìåíè ìàòåìáòèêà ìàòð¸øêà ìàò÷ ïî (+ dat) ìàòü (f) ìàòü-ãåðî¿íÿ ìàõáòü (I) (imp) (ìàøý, ìáøåøü) (+ instr) ìàø¿íà «Ìàø¿íà âðéìåíè» ìàøèí¿cò

457

Ñëîâàðü

ìíóãî çð¿òåëåé

458

ìíóãèå ìîá¿ëüíèê ìîäéëü (f) ìîäéëü (f) ñàìîë¸òà ìóæåò áûòü ìóæíî (?) ìóæíî (ïîïðîc¿òü) (+ acc) ...? (on the phone) ìîçã ìóé (m), ìî§ (f), ìî¸ (n), ìî¿ (pl) (ïî-)ìîë¿òücÿ (II) ìîëîäáÿ êàðòóøêà ìîëîä¸æíûé ìîëîäóé ìóëîäîñòü (f) â ìóëîäîñòè (âû) ìîëîäöÏ! ìîëóæå ìåí§ (etc.) íà (+ acc) ìîëóæå ñâî¿õ ëåò ìîëîêó ìîëó÷íàÿ (adjectival noun) ìîëó÷íûé îòäéë ìîëó÷íûå ïðîäýêòû ìîëó÷íûé øîêîëáä ìîíàñòÏðü (m) ìîíáõ (ìîíáøêà) ìîíéòà ìóðå (pl ìîð§) ìîðêóâü (f) ìîðóçíî ìîðóçíûé ìîðôîëóãèÿ ìîð§ê ìîñêâ¿÷ (ìîñêâ¿÷êà) ìîcêóâcêèé (adjective) Ìîñêóâñêèé ãîñóäáðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòéò Ìîcêóâcêîå âðéìÿ (...) ìîcò (íà ìîcòý) ìîòóð (c-)ìî÷ü (ìîãý, ìóæåøü, ìóãóò) ìóùíûé ìóæ÷¿íà ìýçûêà ìóçûêáëüíûé ìóëüòô¿ëüì ìû ìû ñ Ñóíåé (ïî-)ìûòü (ìóþ, ìóåøü) ïîcýäó ìûøü (f) ìøcëè (n) (indeclinable) ì§co ìÿcíóé îòäéë ìÿ÷ ìû ìÏëüíàÿ óïåðà ìÏøöà íà (+ prep) íà (+ acc) íà çáâòðàê / îáéä / ýæèí

lots of spectators / concert goers, a big audience many people mobile (phone) model model airplane perhaps, maybe one can, can one? can I speak to ...? brain my to pray new potatoes for young people young youth as a young person, in one’s youth well done! (literally: you’re fine people) younger than me (etc.) by younger than one’s age milk dairy products shop dairy products department dairy products milk chocolate monastery monk (nun) coin sea carrots (it is) frosty frosty morphology sailor Muscovite Moscow Moscow State University Moscow time (is ...) bridge engine to be able (to) powerful man music musical cartoon we Sonya and I to do the washing up mouse muesli meat meat department ball we soap opera muscle on, at, in for; to, on(to) for breakfast / dinner / supper S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

for five minutes for how many minutes? for how many days? the next day for Wednesday for three days outside on the move to dial to pick up points observation dissolved gelatin probably to visit above, over to hope hope reliable I (etc.) must ..., I (etc.) have to ... it will be necessary (to) it must be admitted ago name, title to find to punish finally, at last to lay the table

Vocabulary

íà ïÿòü ìèíýò íà cêóëüêî ìèíýò? íà ñêóëüêî äíéé? íà ñëéäóþùèé äåíü íà (+ acc) cðéäó íà òðè äíÿ íà ýëèöå íà õîäý íàáèðáòü (I) / íàáðáòü (íàáåðý, íàáåð¸øü) íàáèðáòü (I) / íàáðáòü (íàáåðý, íàáåð¸øü) î÷ê¿ íàáëþäéíèå íàáýõøèé æåëàò¿í íàâéðíî(å) íàâåùáòü (I) / íàâåñò¿òü (II) (íàâåùý, íàâåñò¿øü) íàä (+ instr) íàäéÿòüñÿ (I) (imp) (íàäéþñü, íàäéåøüñÿ) íàäéæäà íàä¸æíûé ìíå (etc.) íáäî (+ infinitive) íáäî áýäåò íáäî ïðèçíáòüñÿ (+ acc) íàçáä íàèìåíîâáíèå íàéò¿ (I) (pf) (íàéäý, íàéä¸øü) íàêáçûâàòü (I) / íàêàçáòü (I) (íàêàæý, íàêáæåøü) íàêîíéö íàêðûâáòü (I) / íàêðÏòü (íàêðóþ, íàêðóåøü) íà còîë íàëéâî íàì (dat) íàì áýäåò âåñåëéå íàìíóãî (= ãîðáçäî) (before comparatives) íàïèñáòü (II) (pf) (íàïèøý, íàï¿øåøü) íàïîëí§òüñÿ (I) / íàïóëíèòüñÿ (II) íàïîìèíáòü (I) / íàïóìíèòü (II) íàïðàâë§òü (I) / íàïðáâèòü (II) (íàïðáâëþ, íàïðáâèøü) íàïðàâëéíèå íàïðáâî íàïðóòèâ (+ gen) íàðóäíàÿ ìýçûêà íàðóäíàÿ ïéñíÿ íàðóäíûé íàðóäíûå ñðéäñòâà íàðö¿ññ íàc (acc) íàñêóëüêî ìíå ïóìíèòñÿ íàñêóëüêî ñ¿ëüíî (ó-)íàñëéäîâàòü (III) (íàñëéäóþ, íàñëéäóåøü) íàñëéäñòâåííûé â íàñòî§ùåå âðéìÿ íàñòî§ùèé íàñòðóèòüñÿ (II) (pf) íà (+ acc) íàõîä¿òü (II) (íàõîæý, íàõóäèøü) / íàéò¿ (íàéäý, íàéä¸øü) íàõîä¿òücÿ (II) (imp) íàõîä¿òüñÿ (II) ïîä ñîìíéíèåì íàõóä÷èâûé íà÷áëî íà÷áëüíàÿ øêóëà

on / to the left to / for us that will be nice for us much, far, many to write to fill to remind to send, direct destination on / to the right opposite folk music folk song national folk remedies daffodil, narcissus us as far as I can remember how strong to inherit hereditary, inherited at the present time current, present; real to be tuned into to find to be situated to be in question resourceful beginning, the start junior school 459

Ñëîâàðü

íà÷èíáòü(ñÿ) (I) / íà÷áòü(ñÿ) (íà÷íý, íà÷í¸øü) íàø (m), íáøà (f), íáøå (n), íáøè (pl) íàöèîíáëüíîcòü (f) íå ìíå (etc.) íå äî (+ gen) íå áåcïîêóéñÿ / íå áåcïîêóéòåcü (imperative) ìíå (etc.) íå âéðèòcÿ, ÷òî ... íå âîëíýéñÿ / íå âîëíýéòåcü íå ïåðåæèâáéòå(òå) íå ñäàòü (pf) (ñäàì, ñäàøü, ñäàñò, ñäàä¿ì, ñäàä¿òå, ñäàäýò) ýêçáìåí íéáî íåáîñêð¸á Íéâñêèé Ïàëáñ Íéâñêèé ïðîñïéêò íåâûïóëíåííîå îáåùáíèå íåäáâíî íåäéëÿ íéäóã íåçàâ¿ñèìûé íåçà÷¸ò íåçäîðóâèòüñÿ (+ dat) (ìíå (etc.) íåçäîðóâèòñÿ) íåèçãëàä¿ìûé íåëåãêó íåìéöêèé (adjective) íéìåö (íéìêà) / íéìöû íåìíóæêî (+ gen) íåîáõîä¿ìî (+ dat) íåîæ¿äàííî íåïðîçðá÷íûé íéðâíè÷àòü (I) (imp) íåðæàâéþùàÿ ñòàëü (f) íåñýùèé çìéÿ íåò (+ gen) íåòåðïåë¿âûé íåòîðîïë¿âûé íåóñ¿ä÷èâûé íåôòÿíáÿ ô¿ðìà íè ... íè ... (íå) íèãäé (íå) í¿çêèé íèêàêóé (íå) íèêîãäá (íå) íèêòó (íå) íèêóäá (íå) í¿òêè (pl) íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó) (íå) íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó) íîâîãóäíÿÿ îòêðÏòêà íóâûé «Íóâûé ìèð» íîãá / íóæêà (diminutive) íî íîæ íóæíèöû (pl) íîëü = íóëü ¹ = íóìåð íóìåð (pl íîìåðá) íóìåð àáîíéíòà

460

to begin our nationality not I (etc.) don’t feel like going to ... do not worry I (etc.) do not / cannot believe that ... don’t worry not to worry to fail an exam sky skyscraper Nevsky Palace (hotel) Nevsky Prospekt (main street in St. Petersburg) unfulfilled promise recently week ailment, disease independent fail (in higher education) to feel unwell indelible (it is) difficult German German / the Germans a little must, it is necessary, it is essential unexpectedly opaque to be nervous, be anxious stainless steel serpent-bearer (Biblical) no; there is / are no … impatient unhurried restless, not persevering oil firm neither … nor … nowhere (location) low, short not a single, no never noone, nobody nowhere (movement) thread nothing it doesn’t matter, never mind, OK, middling New Year card new The New World leg but knife scissors zero, nil number hotel room subscriber’s no. S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

OK, normal(ly) nose porter to carry to spend the night night at night Night Express I (etc.) ... like … I (etc.) ... like … to smell Just You Wait! (TV programme) I (etc.) need ...

Vocabulary

íîðìáëüíî íîc (íà íîcý) íîc¿ëüùèê íîc¿òü (II) (imp) (íîøý, íóñèøü) (ïåðå-)íî÷åâáòü (III) (íî÷ýþ, íî÷ýåøü) íî÷ü (f) íó÷üþ «Íî÷íóé ýêñïðéññ» ìíå (etc.) íðáâèòcÿ (+ sing) ìíå (etc.) íðáâÿòcÿ (+ pl) (ïî-)íøõàòü (I) «Íó, ïîãîä¿!» ìíå (etc.) íýæåí (+ m), íóæíá (+ f), íóæíó (+ n), íóæíÏ (+ pl) … ìíå (etc.) íýæíî (+ infinitive) íýæíûé (ïðî-)íóìåðîâáòü (III) (íóìåðýþ, íóìåðýåøü) íóìèçìáòèêà î âàc (prep) î êîì(?) (prep) î íàc (prep) î íåé (prep) î í¸ì (prep) î íèõ (prep) î òåáé (prep) î ÷¸ì(?) (prep) îáà§íèå îáéä (ïî-)îáéäàòü (I) (ïî-)îáåùáòü (I) óáëà÷íî óáëà÷íûé îáëèâáòüñÿ (I) (imp) õîëóäíûì ïóòîì îáíàðýæèâàòü (I) / îáíàðýæèòü (II) óáî ìíå (prep) îáîæáòü (I) (imp) îáðàçîâáíèå îáðàùáòüñÿ (I) / îáðàò¿òüñÿ (II) (îáðàùýñü, îáðàò¿øüñÿ) â (+ acc) îáðó÷áëüíîå êîëüöó îáñëýæèâàíèå îáñòî§òåëüíûé îáñóæäáòü (I) / îáñóä¿òü (II) (îáñóæý, îáñýäèøü) îáó÷áòüñÿ (I) / îáó÷¿òüñÿ (II) îáó÷éíèå îáõîä¿òüñÿ (I) / îáîéò¿ñü (îáîéäýñü, îáîéä¸øüñÿ) áåç (+ gen) óáùåå ÿçûêîçíáíèå îáùåæ¿òèå îáùåîáðàçîâáòåëüíàÿ øêóëà óáùèé îáù¿òåëüíûé îáûêíîâéííûé îáÏ÷íî îáú¸ì îáúÿâëéíèå îáÿçáòåëüíî Îâéí óâîùè îâîùíóé îòäéë

I (etc.) have (to) ... necessary, required to number numismatics (collection or study of coins etc.) about you (formal and/or plural) about whom(?) about us about her / it about him / it about them about you (informal) about what(?) charm lunch, dinner to have lunch, have dinner to promise (it is) cloudy cloudy to break out in a cold sweat to display, reveal about me to adore education to turn to, go to wedding ring service reliable to discuss to learn instruction to do without general linguistics student hostel, hall of residence comprehensive school general, overall sociable ordinary usually volume advertisement definitely Aries vegetables vegetable department 461

Ñëîâàðü

462

îâcÿíáÿ êáøà îäåâáòüñÿ (I) / îäéòücÿ (îäéíócü, îäéíåøücÿ) îäéò (îäéòà) (past participle) â (+ acc) îäå§ëî îä¿í (m), îäíá (f), îäíý (n), îäí¿ (pl) îä¿í ìèëëèóí îäèííàäöàòèëéòíÿÿ øêóëà îä¿ííàäöàòü åìý (etc.) íå òàê îäèíóêî îäíá òÏcÿ÷à îäíáæäû îäíáêî îäí¿ì cëóâîì îäíîãó ðóñòà îäíîãðýïïíèê (îäíîãðýïïíèöà) îäíîêëáññíèê (îäíîêëáññíèöà) îäíîìéñòíûé íóìåð «Îãîí¸ê» îçíà÷áòü (I) (imp) îêáçûâàòü (I) / îêàçáòü (I) (îêàæý, îêáæåøü) âëè§íèå íà (+ acc) îêáçûâàòüñÿ (I) / îêàçáòücÿ (I) (îêàæýcü, îêáæåøücÿ) îêáí÷èâàòü (I) / îêóí÷èòü (II) îêíó (pl óêíà) óêîëî (+ gen) îêóøêî (diminutive) îëáäüÿ (pl îëáäüè) îëéíü (m) îëèìïèáäà îëèìï¿éñêèå ¿ãðû îìëéò îí (m) îíá (f) îí¿ (pl) îíó (n) îïàäáòü (I) / îïáñòü (îïàäý, îïàä¸øü) îïáçäûâàòü (I) / îïîçäáòü (I) â / íà (+ acc) îïåðáöèÿ îïåðéòòà îïèñáíèå îï¿ñûâàòü (I) / îïèñáòü (îïèøý, îï¿øåøü) îïëá÷èâàòü (I) / îïëàò¿òü (II) (îïëà÷ý, îïëáòèøü) îïðåäåë§òü (I) / îïðåäåë¿òü (I) îïðîê¿äûâàòü (I) / îïðîê¿íóòü (I) (îïðîê¿íó, îïðîê¿íåøü) îï§òü Îðãàíèçáöèÿ Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íáöèé îðãàíèçóâàííûé (past participle) îðãêîìèòéò îðéõ îðèãèíáëüíûé îñåòð¿íà îñâåæáòü (I) / îcâåæ¿òü (II) îñâåùáòü (I) / îñâåò¿òü (II) (îñâåùý, îñâéòèøü) óñåíü (f) óñåíüþ îñ¿íà îñë¸íîê (pl îñë§òà) îñìáòðèâàòü (I) / îñìîòðéòü (II) îñíóâû (pl)

oat porridge to get dressed dressed in, (to be) wearing blanket one one million eleven-year school eleven he (etc.) is not so lonely one thousand once however in a word of the same hight person in the same group classmate single room Ogonyok = (Small) Fire (journal) to mean to exert an influence on to turn out to be to finish window near window drop-scone deer olympiad Olympic Games omelette it / he it / she they it to fall off to be late for operation operetta description to describe to pay (back) to determine to knock over, overturn again United Nations Organisation (well) organized organizing committee nut original sturgeon to freshen up to light up autumn in (the) autumn, fall aspen foal (of ass) to examine fundamentals S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

to found peculiarity to remain, stay to stop stop careful thriller from on behalf (of) responsible to answer, reply (to), correspond (to) department department, section, division decorating separate to rest, relax, have a break, go on holiday Othello father single father to turn off (electricity, water) to turn on (tap) to open open(-air) where are you from? how do you know …? excellent grade, mark to relate to, regard, think of, get on with, treat

Vocabulary

îñíóâûâàòü (I) / îñíîâáòü (III) (îñíýþ, îñíýåøü) îñóáåííîñòü (f) îñòàâáòüñÿ (îñòàøñü, îñòà¸øüñÿ) / îñòáòüñÿ (îñòáíóñü, îñòáíåøüñÿ) îñòàíáâëèâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / îñòàíîâ¿òü(ñÿ) (II) (îñòàíîâëø, îñòàíóâèøü) îñòàíóâêà îñòîðóæíî îñòðîñþæéòíûé ôèëüì îò (+ gen) îò ¿ìåíè (+ gen) îòâéòñòâåííûé îòâå÷áòü (I) / îòâéòèòü (II) (îòâé÷ó, îòâéòèøü) (+ dat) îòäéë îòäåëéíèå îòäéëêà îòäéëüíûé îòäûõáòü (I) / îòäîõíýòü (I) (îòäîõíý, îòäîõí¸øü) «Îòéëëî» îòéö îòéö-îäèíó÷êà îòêëþ÷áòü (I) / îòêëþ÷¿òü (II) îòêðý÷èâàòü (I) / îòêðóò¿òü (II) (îòêðó÷ý, îòêðýòèøü) îòêðûâáòü(ñÿ) (I) / îòêðÏòü(ñÿ) (îòêðóþ, îòêðóåøü) îòêðÏòûé îòêýäà òû / âû? îòêýäà òû çíáåøü / âû çíáåòå ...? îòë¿÷íûé îòìéòêà îòíîñ¿òüñÿ (II) (îòíîøýñü, îòíóñèøüñÿ) / îòíåñò¿ñü (îòíåñýñü, îòíåñ¸øüñÿ) ê (+ dat) îòíîøéíèÿ (pl) îòïðàâëéíèå îòïðàâë§òü (I) / îòïðáâèòü (II) (îòïðáâëþ, îòïðáâèøü) îòïðàâë§òüñÿ (I) / îòïðáâèòücÿ (II) (îòïðáâëþñü, îòïðáâèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) óòïóñê (â óòïóñêå) óò÷åcòâî îò÷¸ò îôèöèáíò (îôèöèáíòêà) îôîðìë§òü (I) / îôóðìèòü (II) (îôóðìëþ, îôóðìèøü) îõëàæäáòü (I) / îõëàä¿òü (II) (îõëàæý, îõëàä¿øü) îõóòíèê îöéíêà ó÷åíü ó÷åíü ïðè§òíî î÷ê¿ î÷ê¿ îò ñóëíöà îøèááòüñÿ (I) / îøèá¿òüñÿ (II) (îøèáýñü, îøèá¿øüñÿ) (âû) îø¿áëècü íóìåðîì ïàá ïàäéæ ïáëåö (pl ïáëüöû) ïáëòóñ ïàëüòó (n) (indeclinable) ïáìÿòíèê (+ dat) ïáìÿòü (f)

relations departure to send to set off for, leave for holiday, leave patronymic report waiter (waitress) to register to cool (down) hunter grade, mark very pleased to meet you (literally: very pleasant) glasses sunglasses to make a mistake you’ve got the wrong number pub (grammatical) case finger halibut coat monument, statue (of) memory 463

Ñëîâàðü

464

ïáïà (m) ïáïå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ïáïó / îòöá çîâýò ... ïáðà ïáðåíü (m) ïàðèêìáõåðñêàÿ ïàðê ïàðîâóé ïàðòéð ïáñìóðíûé ïácïîðò (pl ïàcïîðòá) ïácïîðòíûé êîíòðóëü ïá÷êà (èñ-)ïá÷êàòü (I) ïåâéö (ïåâ¿öà) ïåäèíñòèòýò (= ïåäàãóãè÷åcêèé èícòèòýò) ïéé(òå) (imperative) ïéíèå ïéííûé ïéíñèÿ ïéðâåíñòâî ïéðâûé ïéðâûé ýòáæ ïåðåáåãáòü (I) / ïåðåáåæáòü (ïåðåáåãý, ïåðåáåæ¿øü) ïåðåáîëéòü (I) (pf) (ïåðåáîëéþ, ïåðåáîëéåøü) (+ instr) ïåðåâåä¿(òå) (imperative) ïåðåâóä ïåðåâîä¿òü (I) (ïåðåâîæý, ïåðåâóäèøü) / ïåðåâåcò¿ (ïåðåâåäý, ïåðåâåä¸øü) ñ (+ gen) íà (+ acc) ïåðåâóä÷èê (ïåðåâóä÷èöà) ïéðåä (+ instr) ïéðåä ñíîì ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü, ïåðåäáñò, ïåðåäàä¿ì, ïåðåäàä¿òå, ïåðåäàäýò) ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü) ïðèâéò (+ dat) ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü) áëàãîäáðíîñòü (f) ïåðåäá÷à ïåðåäá÷à äëÿ äåòéé ïåðååçæáòü (I) / ïåðåéõàòü (ïåðåéäó, ïåðåéäåøü) íå ïåðåæèâáéòå(òå) ïåðåêëþ÷áòü (I) / ïåðåêëþ÷¿òü (II) ïåðåêð¸ñòîê ïåðåï¿ñûâàòü (I) / ïåðåïèñáòü (ïåðåïèøý, ïåðåï¿øåøü) ïåðåðÏâ íà îáéä ïåðåcáäêà ïåðåñáæèâàòüñÿ (I) / ïåðåcécòü (ïåðåc§äó, ïåðåc§äåøü) íà (+ acc) ïåðåñåë§òüñÿ (I) / ïåðåñåë¿òüñÿ (II) â (+ acc) ïåðåñòàâáòü (ïåðåñòàø, ïåðåñòà¸øü) / ïåðåñòáòü (ïåðåñòáíó, ïåðåñòáíåøü) ïåðåõîä¿òü (II) (ïåðåõîæý, ïåðåõóäèøü) / ïåðåéò¿ (ïåðåéäý, ïåðåéä¸øü) (÷éðåç) (+ acc) ïéðåö ïåð¿îä ïéðñèê

dad dad is ... years old (my) father / dad is called ... pair, couple; one and a half hour class boy(friend), lad hair-dresser park steamed the stalls overcast passport passport control packet to dirty, soil singer pedagogical institute drink singing frothy pension championship first ground floor to run across to recover (from) to translate translation to translate from … to … interpreter before, in front of, ahead of before sleeping to broadcast to give regards (to) to express gratitude programme (on television and radio) children’s programme to move not to worry to change (channels) crossroads to re-write lunch break change (of trains, buses) to change (train, bus) to move to to stop to cross pepper period peach S azov (Russian from Scratch )

glove song parsley to sing sad printed letter print liver oven, stove to bake on foot piano beer jacket small pasty to write writer letter St Petersburg to drink to take sleeping pills

Vocabulary

ïåð÷áòêà ïécíÿ ïåòðýøêà (ñ-)ïåòü (ïîø, ïî¸øü, ïî¸ò, ïî¸ì, ïî¸òå, ïîøò) ïå÷áëüíûé ïå÷áòíàÿ áýêâà ïå÷áòü (f) ïé÷åíü (f) ïå÷ü (f) (èñ-)ïå÷ü (ïåêý, ïå÷¸øü, ïåêýò) (past ï¸ê, ïåêëá) ïåøêóì ïèàí¿íî (n) (indeclinable) ï¿âî ïèäæáê ïèðîæóê (íà)ïèñáòü (ïèøý, ï¿øåøü) ïèñáòåëü (m) (ïèñáòåëüíèöà) ïècüìó (pl ï¿cüìà) Ï¿òåð (colloquial) ïèòü (I) (ïüþ, ïü¸øü) / âÏïèòü (I) (âÏïüþ, âÏïüåøü) ïèòü (I) (ïüþ, ïü¸øü) / âÏïèòü (I) (âÏïüþ, âÏïüåøü) ñíîòâóðíîå ïèòüåâáÿ âîäá ïëáâàíèå ïëàâý÷èé äîì (çà-)ïëáêàòü (ïëá÷ó, ïëá÷åøü) ïëáìÿ (n) ïëàñòìáññà (çà-)ïëàò¿òü (II) (ïëà÷ý, ïëáòèøü) ïëàò¿òü âàì? ïëàòôóðìà ïëáòüå ïëåâáòü (ïëþø, ïëþ¸øü) / ïëøíóòü (ïëøíó, ïëøíåøü) ïëééåð ïëåì§ííèê ïëåì§ííèöà ïëå÷ó (pl ïëé÷è) ïëèòá ïëóòíî ïëóõî ïëîõóé ïëóùàäü (f) ïëþc ïî (+ dat) ñ ï§òíèöû (etc.) … ïî (+ acc) âîñêðåñéíüå (etc.)

drinking water swimming houseboat to cry, weep flame plastic to pay do I pay you? platform dress to spit

walkman nephew niece shoulder stove tightly bad(ly), poor(ly) bad, poor square plus along, according to, by from Friday to Sunday (up to and including Sunday) ïî äáííîé í¿æå òàáë¿öå according to the table below ïî äåëáì on business ïî ìîåìý ìíéíèþ / ïî-ìóåìó in my opinion (ÿ) ïî íàöèîíáëüíîcòè (I am ...) by nationality ïî ïóñòÿêáì about trivia ïî (+ acc) ðáäèî / òåëåâ¿çîðó on the radio / television ïî ñóááóòàì on Saturdays ïîáûâáòü (I) (pf) â (+ prep) (usually past tense) to spend (time s.where), be, go to, stay ïîâåäéíèå conduct ïîâîðá÷èâàòü (I) / ïîâåðíýòü (ïîâåðíý, ïîâåðí¸øü) to turn ïîâðåæäéíèå damage, harm ïîâòîð§òü (I) / ïîâòîð¿òü (II) to repeat, revise ïîâÏøåííûé (past participle) high (literally: raised)

A new ab initio Russian course

465

Ñëîâàðü

ïîãèááòü (I) / ïîã¿áíóòü (ïîã¿áíó, ïîã¿áíåøü) (past ïîã¿á / ïîã¿áëà etc.) ïîãîâîð¿òü (II) (pf) ïîãóäà (ñòî¿ò) ïîãðàí¿÷íèê ïóãðåá ïîä (+ instr) ïîäàâáòü (ïîäàø, ïîäà¸øü) / ïîäáòü (ïîäáì, ïîäáøü, ïîäáñò, ïîäàä¿ì, ïîäàä¿òå, ïîäàäýò) ïîäáðîê ïîäâáë ïîäâóäíàÿ ëóäêà ïîäâóäíîå ïëáâàíèå ïîääéðæèâàòü (I) / ïîääåðæáòü (II) (ïîääåðæý, ïîääéðæbøü) ïîääéðæêà ïîäçéìíûé ïåðåõóä ïîäêëáäêà îí (îíá, îíó) ìíå (etc.) ïîäîéä¸ò / (îí¿) ìíå (etc.) ïîäîéäýò ïîäóë ïîäîñ¿íîâèê ïóäïèñü (f) ïîäðàááòûâàòü (I) / ïîäðàáóòàòü (I) ïîäðýãà ïîäð§ä (îí) ïîäýìàë-ïîäýìàë ïîäýøêà ïîäõîä§ùèé ïóåçä ïîåçæáé(òå) (imperative) ïîæáëóécòà ïîéçäêà ïîæèëóé ïîæèìáòü (I) / ïîæáòü (ïîæìý, ïîæì¸øü) ðýêó (+ dat) ïîçäðàâë§òü (I) / ïîçäðáâèòü (II) (ïîçäðáâë., ïîçäðáâèøü) (+ acc) ñ (+ instr) ïîçíàêóìüòåcü (imperative) ïîéìáòü (I) (pf) ïîéò¿ (pf) (ïîéäý, ïîéä¸øü) (past ïîø¸ë, ïîøëá) ïîéò¿ (pf) (ïîéäý, ïîéä¸øü) â ãóñòè ê (+ dat) ïîêá! ïîêàæ¿(òå) (imperative) ïîêáçûâàòü (I) / ïîêàçáòü (ïîêàæý, ïîêáæåøü) ïîêóïáòü (I) / êóï¿òü (II) (êóïëø, êýïèøü) ïîêóïáòåëü (ïîêóïáòåëüíèöà) ïîë (íà ïîëý) ïîë (â) ïóëäåíü (m) ïóëå (pl ïîë§) ïîëéçíî äëÿ çäîðóâüÿ ïîëèâáòü (I) / ïîë¿òü (ïîëüø, ïîëü¸øü) (îò-)ïîëbðîâáòü (III) (ïîëbðýþ, ïîëbðýåøü) ïîë¿òèêà ïóëêà ïîëêèëó (â) ïóëíî÷ü (f) ïóëíûé

466

to perish, die to have a word the weather (is) border guard cellar under, below to give, serve present basement submarine scuba diving to support, maintain support(iveness) pedestrian subway lining it will / they will suit me (etc.) hem orange-cap boletus (type of mushroom) signature to earn extra (girl)friend in a row (he) thought a little pillow suitable train go (by transport) please, you’re welcome trip elderly to shake (s.one’s) hand to congratulate (s.one) on (s.th.) let me introduce you (literally: get to know each other) to catch to go (on foot) to visit (s.one) bye! show (me) to show to buy customer, shopper floor sex, gender (at) midday field good for one’s health to water to polish politics shelf half a kilo (at) midnight full, stout S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

full lips half to put, lay (s.th. s.where) towel half fat to receive to pass received to use

Vocabulary

ïóëíûå ãýáû ïîëîâ¿íà ïîëîæ¿òü (II) (pf) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) ïîëîòéíöå ïîëóæ¿ðíûé ïîëó÷áòü (I) / ïîëó÷¿òü (II) (ïîëó÷ý, ïîëý÷èøü) ïîëó÷¿òü (II) çà÷¸ò ïîëý÷åííûé (past participle) (âîñ-)ïóëüçîâàòüñÿ (III) (ïóëüçóþñü, ïóëüçóåøüñÿ) (+ instr) Ïóëüøà ïîìåí§òü (I) (pf) (âàëøòó) ïîìèäóð ïóìíèòü (II) (imp) ïîìîãáòü (I) / ïîìó÷ü (ïîìîãý, ïîìóæåøü) (+ dat) ïóìîùü (f) ïîíåäéëüíèê ïóíè (n) (indeclinable) ïîíèìáòü (I) / ïîí§òü (ïîéìý, ïîéì¸øü) ïîí§òíî ïîï-ìýçûêà ïîïáñòü (pf) (ïîïàäý, ïîïàä¸øü) â / íà (+ acc) ïîïðàâë§òüñÿ (I) / ïîïðáâèòücÿ (II) (ïîïðáâëþñü, ïîïðáâèøüñÿ) ïî-ïðéæíåìó ïîïðîc¿(òå) (imperative) ïîïóãáé ìíå (etc.) ïîðá (+ infinitive) ïîðá ëè (+ dat) ...? ïîðóé ïîðò (â ïîðòý) ïîðòàò¿âíûé òåëåôóí (èñ-)ïóðòèòü (II) (ïóð÷ó, ïóðòèøü) ïîðòôéëü (m) ïóðöèÿ ïîð§äîê â ïîð§äêå âñ¸ â ïîð§äêå ïîñáäêà ïîñâÿùáòü (I) / ïîñâÿò¿òü (II) (ïîñâÿùý, ïîñâÿò¿øü) (+ dat) ïîñåðåä¿íå (+ gen) ïîñåðü¸çíåé ïîñåùáòü (I) / ïîñåò¿òü (II) (ïîñåùý, ïîñåò¿øü) ïîñêóëüêó ïîñëáòü (pf) (ïîøëø, ïîøë¸øü) ïóñëå (+ gen) ïóñëå îêîí÷áíèÿ øêóëû ïîñëéäíèé (â) ïîñëéäíèé ðàç ïîñëéäñòâèå ïîñëåçáâòðà ïîñóë Ïîñóëüñòâî Ðîññ¿éñêîé Ôåäåðáöèè ïîcìîòð¿(òå) (imperative) ïîcò (íà ïîcòý) ïîñòáâèòü (II) (pf) (ïîñòáâëþ, ïîñòáâèøü) ïîñòàâë§òü (I) / ïîñòáâèòü (II) (ïîñòáâëþ, ïîñòáâèøü) ïîcòéëü (f) ïîñòåïéííî

Poland to change (foreign currency) tomato to remember to help help Monday pony to understand (it is) understood pop music to get to, fall into / on to put on weight as before ask for, call parrot it is time for me (etc.) to ... is it time for ...? at times port portable phone to ruin, damage briefcase portion order in order everything’s OK boarding to devote, dedicate (to) in the middle (a little) more seriously to visit, to attend (classes) as (far as) to send after after finishing school last, final (for the) last time consequence the day after tomorrow amabassador the Embassy of the Russian Federation (have a) look post to put (in an upright position), stand to deliver bed gradually 467

Ñëîâàðü

468

ïîñòóïáòü (I) / ïîñòóï¿òü (II) (ïîñòóïëø, ïîñòýïèøü) â (+ acc) ïîñûëáòü (I) / ïîñëáòü (ïîøëø, ïîøë¸øü) ïîñÏëêà ïîñóäîìóå÷íàÿ ìàø¿íà ïîòåð§òü (I) (pf) ïîòóê ï¿ñåì ïîòóì ïîòóìîê ïîòîìý ÷òî ïîõóä íà áàéäáðêàõ ïîõóæå, ÷òî ïîöåëýé ïî÷åìý(?) ïî÷åìý-íèáóäü ïî÷åìý-òî ïó÷òà (íà ïó÷òå) ïî÷òáìò ïî÷ò¿ (ÿ) (etc.) ïîø¸ë / ïîøëá ïîøë¿ (colloquial) ïî¢òîìó ïîÿâë§òüñÿ (I) / ïîÿâ¿òüñÿ (II) (ïîÿâëøñü, ïî§âèøüñÿ) ïð. = ïðîcïéêò ïð. Âîccòáíèÿ ïð. Ïîáéäû ïð. Ðéïèíà ïð. Còá÷åê ïðàáááóøêà òû ïðàâ(á) / âû ïðáâû òû íå ïðàâ(á) / âû íå ïðáâû ïðáâäà «Ïðáâäà» ïðáâèëî ïðáâèëüíî ïðáâíóê ïðáâíó÷êà ïðáâî ïðáâûé ïðàãìáòèêà ïðáäåä ïðàêò¿÷åñêè ïðàïðáâíóê ïðàïðáâíó÷êà ïðåâðàùáòüñÿ (I) / ïðåâðàò¿òüñÿ (II) (ïðåâðàùýñü, ïðåâðàò¿øüñÿ) â (+ acc) ïðåäâàð¿òåëüíî ïðåäëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäëîæ¿òü (II) ïðåäìécòüå ïðåäìéò ïðåäïîëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäïîëîæ¿òü (II) ïðåäïî÷èòáòü (I) / ïðåäïî÷écòü (ïðåäïî÷òý, ïðåäïî÷ò¸øü) ïðåäñòàâ¿òåëü (ïðåäñòàâ¿òåëüíèöà) ïðåäñòàâë§òü (I) / ïðåäñòáâèòü (II) (ïðåäñòáâëþ, ïðåäñòáâèøü) ìíå (etc.) ïðåäcòî¿ò (+ infinitive) ïðåäóïðåæäáòü (I) / ïðåäóïðåä¿òü (II) (ïðåäóïðåæý, ïðåäóïðåä¿øü)

to go to (college etc.), enrol in to send parcel dishwasher to lose a flood of letters then descendant because canoeing trip it seems that kiss why(?) for some reason, for any reason for some reason post office head post office almost I (etc.) set off, went let’s go thus, that’s why to appear avenue Avenue of the Uprising Victory Avenue Repin Avenue Avenue of Strikes great grandmother you are right you are wrong truth Pravda (newspaper) rule correct(ly) great grandson great granddaughter law, rights right pragmatics great grandfather practically great great grandson great great granddaughter to turn into, transform into beforehand to suggest, offer, propose suburb subject to suppose to prefer representative to present, introduce; imagine I (etc.) have to ... to let (s.one) know in advance S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ïðèáëèæáòüñÿ (I) / ïðèáë¿çèòüñÿ (II) (ïðèáë¿æóñü, ïðèáë¿çèøüñÿ) ïðèáëèç¿òåëüíî ïðèáûâáòü (I) / ïðèáÏòü (ïðèáýäó, ïðèáýäåøü) ïðèáÏòèå ïðèâåñò¿ (pf) (ïðèâåäý, ïðèâåä¸øü) ê ïîðàæéíèþ ïðèâéò ïðèâéòñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ïðèâéòñòâóþ, ïðèâéòñòâóåøü) ïðèâëåêáòåëüíûé ïðèâëåêáòü (I) / ïðèâëé÷ü (ïðèâëåêý, ïðèâëå÷¸øü) âíèìáíèå ïðèâîä¿òü (ïðèâîæý, ïðèâóäèøü) / ïðèâåcò¿ (ïðèâåäý, ïðèâåä¸øü) â ïîð§äîê ïðèãëàøáòü (I) / ïðèãëàñ¿òü (II) (ïðèãëàøý, ïðèãëàñ¿øü) ïðèãëàøéíèå ïðèãîâóð ïðèãîòóâèòü (II) (pf) (ïðèãîòóâëþ, ïðèãîòóâèøü) ïðèåçæáòü (I) / ïðèéõàòü (ïðèéäó, ïðèéäåøü) (â / íà + acc) ïðè¸ì ïðèçíàâáòü (ïðèçíàø, ïðèçíà¸øü) / ïðèçíáòü (I) (ÿ áûë áû / áûëá áû) ïðèçíáòåëåí / ïðèçíáòåëüíà ïðèë¸ò ïðèìéð ïðèìéðíî ïðèìéðü(òå) (imperative) ïðèìèð§òü (I) / ïðèìèð¿òü (II) ïðèíàäëåæáòü (imp) (ïðèíàäëåæý, ïðèíàäëåæ¿øü) ê (+ dat) ïðèíèìáòü (I) / ïðèí§òü (I) (ïðèìý, ïð¿ìåøü) ïðèíèìáòü (I) âî âíèìáíèå ïð¿íòåð ïðèíóæäáòü (I) / ïðèíýäèòü (II) (ïðèíýæó, ïðèíýäèøü) ïðèïáðêà ïðèðóäà ïðèðóäíûé ïðèñìáòðèâàòü (I) / ïðècìîòðéòü (II) (ïðèñìîòðø, ïðècìóòðèøü) çà âåùáìè ïðèñïîñîáëéíèå ïðèñûëáòü (I) / ïðèñëáòü (I) (ïðèøëø, ïðèøë¸øü) ïðèó÷áòü (I) / ïðèó÷¿òü (II) (ïðèó÷ý, ïðèý÷èøü) ìíå (etc.) ïðèõóäèòcÿ (+ infinitive) A new ab initio Russian course

warning sign is foreseen to show, produce premature charming premiere teaching lecturer at the time of if necessary, in case of necessity in case of cancellation with the help (of) in the(se) circumstances, in such circumstances to approach

Vocabulary

ïðåäóïðåæäáþùèé ñèãíáë ïðåäóñìóòðåí (past participle) ïðåäúÿâë§òü (I) / ïðåäúÿâ¿òü (II) (ïðåäúÿâëø, ïðåäú§âèøü) ïðåæäåâðéìåííûé ïðåëéñòíûé ïðåìüéðà ïðåïîäàâáíèå ïðåïîäàâáòåëü (ïðåïîäàâáòåëüíèöà) ïðè (+ prep) ïðè íåîáõîä¿ìîñòè ïðè îòìéíå ïðè ïóìîùè (+ gen) ïðè òàê¿õ îácòî§òåëücòâàõ

approximately to arrive (by any means) arrival to lead to defeat, failure hi to welcome attractive to attract attention to put in order to invite invitation sentence, verdict to cook, prepare to arrive (in) (by transport) reception to recognize (I should be) grateful arrival (flying) example roughly try (it / them) on to reconcile to belong to to take, accept, see (patients) to take into account printer to force, compel poultice nature, country natural to keep an eye on belongings gadget to send to train I (etc.) must ..., I (etc.) have to ... 469

Ñëîâàðü

470

ïðèõîä¿òü (II) (ïðèõîæý, ïðèõóäèøü) / ïðèéò¿ (I) to arrive (in, at) (on foot) (ïðèäý, ïðèä¸øü) (past ïðèø¸ë, ïðèøëá) (â / íà + acc) ïðèõóæàÿ (entrance) hall ïðè÷¿íà reason ó÷åíü ïðè§òíî pleased to meet you (literally: very pleasant) ïðè§òíîãî óòäûõà a pleasant stay ïðó,êà top, cork (of bottle) (ïî-)ïðóáîâàòü (III) (ïðó,óþ, ïðóáóåøü) to taste, try ïðîâàë¿òücÿ (II) (pf) íà ýêçáìåíå to fail an exam ïðîâåð§òü (I) / ïðîâéðèòü (II) to check, mark ïðîâîä¿òü (II) (ïðîâîæý, ïðîâóäèøü) / ïðîâåñò¿ to spend (time), conduct (ïðîâåäý, ïðîâåä¸øü) ïðîâîä¿òüñÿ (II) / ïðîâåñò¿ñü to be held (ïðîâåä¸òñÿ, ïðîâåäýòñÿ) ïðîãðáììà / ïðîãðáììêà (diminutive) channel, programme ïðîãýëêà walk ïðîäàâéö (ïðîäàâù¿öà) shopkeeper ïðîäàâáòü(cÿ) (ïðîäàø, ïðîäà¸øü) / ïðîäáòü(cÿ) to sell (be sold) (ïðîäáì, ïðîäáøü, ïðîäáñò, ïðîäàä¿ì, ïðîäàä¿òå, ïðîäàäýò) ïðîäîëæáòü (I) / ïðîäóëæèòü (II) to continue; extend (pf only) ïðîäîëæáòüñÿ (I) / ïðîäóëæèòüñÿ (II) to last, continue ïðîäîëæ¿òåëüíîñòü (f) duration ïðîäýêòû (ïèòáíèÿ) foodstuffs ïðîéçä trip, journey ïðîåçæáòü (I) (imp) to pass (by transport) ïðîéêò plan, project ïðîéêòîð projector ïðîæèãáòü (I) / ïðîæé÷ü (ïðîæãý, ïðîææ¸øü) to burn (past ïðîæ¸ã / ïðîæãëá etc.) ïðîæ¿òü (I) (pf) (ïðîæèâý, ïðîæèâ¸øü) âìécòå to stay together ïðî¿ãðûâàòåëü (m) record-player ïðîèçâåäéíèå work (of art) ïðîèçâîä¿òü (II) (ïðîèçâîæý, ïðîèçâóäèøü) / to produce an impression on (s.one) ïðîèçâåñò¿ (ïðîèçâåäý, ïðîèçâåä¸øü) âïå÷àòëéíèå íà (+ acc) ïðîéò¿ (pf) (ïðîéäý, ïðîéä¸øü) ê (+ dat) to get to (on foot) ïðîêáò / àðéíäà ìàø¿í car hire ïðîïîëáñêèâàòü (I) / ïðîïîëîñêáòü to rinse one’s mouth (ïðîïîëîùý, ïðîïîëóùåøü) ðîò ïðîïóñêáòü (I) / ïðîïóñò¿òü (II) (ïðîïóùý, to let pass, miss ïðîïýñòèøü) (ïî-)ïðîñ¿òü (II) (ïðîøý, ïðócèøü) to ask, request ïðîñìáòðèâàòü (I) / ïðîñìîòðéòü (II) to look through (ïðîñìîòðø, ïðîñìóòðèøü) ïðîñìóòð viewing ïðîcïéêò avenue ïðîcò¿(òå) (imperative) forgive (me) ïðócòî simply ïðîñûïáòü (I) / ïðîcïáòü (II) (ïðîcïëø, ïðîcï¿øü) to oversleep ïðóñüáà request ïðîòåêáòü (I) / ïðîòé÷ü (ïðîòå÷¸ò, ïðîòåêýò) to leak, drip ïðóòèâ (+ gen) against ïðóòèâ ÷àñîâóé ñòðéëêè anti-clockwise ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü (f) length ïðîõëáäíûé cool ïðîõîä¿òü (II) (ïðîõîæý, ïðîõóäèøü) / ïðîéò¿ (I) to walk along, go through (ïðîéäý, ïðîéä¸øü) ïî (+ dat) ïðîõîä¿òü (II) (imp) to take place ïðîõóæèé passer-by S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ðàáîòîñïîñóáíûé ðáä(à) c âáìè ïîçíàêóìèòücÿ ðàäèáòîð ðáäèî (n) (indeclinable) ðáäîñòíî ðáäîñòü (f) ðàçáèâáòü (I) / ðàçá¿òü (ðàçîáüø, ðàçîáü¸øü) ðàç äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå / ðáçà ïÿòü > äâáäöàòü ðàç ðáçâå ðàçâåä¸í (ðàçâåäåíá) (past participle) ðàçâîä¿òü (II) (ðàçâîæý, ðàçâóäèøü) / ðàçâåñò¿ (ðàçâåäý, ðàçâåä¸øü) êîñò¸ð ðàçãîâáðèâàòü (I) ðàçãîâóð ðàçãîâóðíàÿ ðå÷ü ðàçëèâáòü (I) / ðàçë¿òü (ðàçîëüø, ðàçîëü¸øü) ðàçë¿÷íûé ðàçëîæ¿òü (II) (pf) ðáçíûé ðàçîð§òü(ñÿ) (I) / ðàçîð¿òü(ñÿ) (II) ðàçðàááòûâàòü (I) / ðàçðàáóòàòü (I) A new ab initio Russian course

procedure percent the past last week last year past farewell, parting pond diving spring board diving straight on direct, straight to hide psychologist bird professional technical school published piece first aid room currency exchange office to let go to vacuum, hoover play five (= excellent) (mark in education) five-year old child fifteen Friday stain fruit / wine stain five five million five thousand fifty work to work to work on mains operated (literally: to work from the network) able to work (I’m) glad to make your acquaintance radiator radio joyously, with joy joy to break (glass etc.) once, one two / three / four times five > twenty times in fact, really divorced to make a camp fire; to breed

Vocabulary

ïðîöåäýðà ïðîöéíò ïðóøëîå (adjectival noun) íà ïðóøëîé íåäéëå â ïðóøëîì ãîäý ïðóøëûé ïðîùáëüíûé (adjective) ïðóä (â ïðóäý) ïðûæê¿ â âóäó ïðûæê¿ ñ âÏøêè ïð§ìî ïðÿìóé (ñ-)ïð§òàòü (ïð§÷ó, ïð§÷åøü) ïñèõóëîã ïò¿öà ÏÒÓ (= ïðîôåccèîíáëüíî-òåõí¿÷åcêîå ó÷¿ëèùå) ïóáëèêáöèÿ ïóíêò ìåäèö¿íñêîé ïóìîùè ïóíêò ïî îáìéíó âàëøòû ïóñêáòü (I) /ïóñò¿òü (II) (ïóùý, ïýñòèøü) (ïðî-)ïûëåcócèòü (II) (ïûëåcóøó, ïûëåcócèøü) ïüéñà ïÿò¸ðêà (= îòë¿÷íî) ïÿòèëéòíèé ðåá¸íîê ïÿòíáäöàòü ï§òíèöà ïÿòíó ïÿòíó îò ôðýêòîâ / âèíá ïÿòü ïÿòü ìèëëèóíîâ ïÿòü òÏcÿ÷ ïÿòüäåc§ò ðàáóòà ðàáóòàòü (I) (imp) ðàáóòàòü (I) íàä (+ instr) ðàáóòàòü (I) îò céòè

to talk, chat conversation spoken language to spill (liquid) various to spoon various to (go) bankrupt to develop 471

Ñëîâàðü

472

ðàçðåøáòü (I) / ðàçðåø¿òü (II) (+ dat) ðàçðåø¿òå ïðåäcòáâèòücÿ ðàçðóøáòü (I) / ðàçðýøèòü (II) ðáíåííûé (part participle) ðáíî ðáíüøå Ðàê ðáêîâèíà ðàñêðáøèâàòü (I) / ðàñêðáñèòü (II) (ðàñêðáøó, ðàñêðáñèøü) ðàñïèñáíèå ðàñïîëóæåííûé (part participle) ðàññâåòáòü (I) / ðàññâåñò¿ (ðàññâåò¸ò) ðàñöâå÷èâàòü (I) / ðàñöâåòèòü (II) (ðàñöâå÷ý, ðàñöâåò¿øü) ðàññêáç ðàññêáçûâàòü (I) / ðàññêàçáòü (I) (ðàññêàæý, ðàññêáæåøü) ðàññòðáèâàòüñÿ (I) / ðàccòðóèòücÿ (II) ðàññûïáòü (I) / ðàccÏïàòü (ðàccÏïëþ, ðàccÏïëåøü) ðàñòéíèå ðàcò¿ (ðàcòý, ðàcò¸øü) / âÏðàcòè (âÏðàcòó, âÏðàcòåøü) (past ðîñ / ðîñëá; âÏðîñ / âÏðîñëà) ðàñòèðáòü (I) / ðàñòåðéòü (ðàçîòðý, ðàçîòð¸øü) ðàñ÷¸òíûé ÷àñ (øêóëà) c ðàcø¿ðåííûì èçó÷éíèåì ðýccêîãî ÿçûêá ðåà,èëèò¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp & pf) (ðåàáèëèò¿ðóþ, ðåàáèëèò¿ðóåøü) ðåá¸íîê (pl äéòè) ðåâîëüâéð ðéããè ðåãóë¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp) (ðåãóë¿ðóþ, ðåãóë¿ðóåøü) ðéäêèé (íà-)ðéçàòü (ðéæó, ðéæåøü) (ïî-)ðéçàòü (ðéæó, ðéæåøü) ó íåãó / íå¸ ðéæóòñÿ çýáû ðåçóëüòáò ðåéc ðåêëàì¿ðîâàòü(cÿ) (III) (ðåêëàì¿ðóþ, ðåêëàì¿ðóåøü) ðåêîìåíäýåìûé (past participle) ðåë¿ãèÿ ðåìóíò ðåïðîäóêò¿âíàÿ ñèñòéìà ðåñí¿öà ðåñòîðáí ðåôåðáò ðé÷êà ðåøáòü (I) / ðåø¿òü (II) ðåøéíèå ðèñêîâáòü (III) (imp) (ðèñêýþ, ðèñêýåøü) (+ instr) ðèñîâáíèå (íà-)ðècîâáòü (III) (ðècýþ, ðècýåøü) ð¿cîâàÿ êáøà ðîãáëèê ðîä¿âøèéñÿ (past participle) ðîä¿òåëè (no singular) ðîäíóé ÿçÏê ðîæäáòüñÿ (I) / ðîä¿òüñÿ (II) (ðîæýñü, ðîä¿òñÿ) ðóçà

to allow allow me to introduce myself to destroy wounded early previously Cancer sink, wash-basin to paint timetable is / are situated to dawn to adorn, paint in bright colours (short) story, tale to relate, narrate, tell to get upset to spill (dry substances) plant to grow (up) to whisk, turn into powder check-out time (school) with extended Russian to rehabilitate child / children revolver reggae to regulate rare to cut to cut, slice he / she is teething result flight number to (be) advertize(d) recommended religion, religious studies repair(s) reproductive system eyelash restaurant paper, essay small river to decide solution to risk (s.th.) drawing, art to draw rice pudding croissant (who was) born parents mother tongue to be born rose S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

rock and roll role novel to drop Russia height roast beef mouth fish fish department market rouble hand leader Russian names Russian Russian / the Russians Russian (language) light brown (hair) stream pen hand operated Pisces market row off, from from ... to ... with with great difficulty from a great height from tomorrow, as of tomorrow from Friday to Sunday with pleasure garden sit down to sit down

Vocabulary

ðîê-í-ðóëë ðîëü (f) ðîìáí ðîí§òü (I) / óðîí¿òü (II) Ðîcc¿ÿ ðîñò ðóñòáèô ðîò (âî ðòý) ðÏáà ðÏáíûé îòäéë ðÏíîê ðóáëü (m) ðóêá ðóêîâîä¿òåëü (ðóêîâîä¿òåëüíèöà) ðýccêèå èìåíá ðýccêèé (adjective) ðýccêèé (ðýccêàÿ) / ðýccêèå ðýccêèé ÿçÏê ðýñûé ðó÷éé ðý÷êà ðó÷íóé ÐÏáû ðÏíîê ðÿä ñ / cî (+ gen) ñ / ñî (+ gen) … ïî … (+ acc) ñ / cî (+ instr) ñ áîëüø¿ì òðóäóì ñ áîëüøóé âûñîòÏ ñ çàâòðáøíåãî äíÿ ñ ï§òíèöû (etc.) … ïî âîñêðåñéíüå (etc.) (+ acc) ñ óäîâóëüñòâèåì ñàä (â càäý) càä¿ñü / ñàä¿òåcü (imperative) ñàä¿òüñÿ (II) (ñàæýñü, ñàä¿øüñÿ) / ñåñòü (ñ§äó, ñ§äåøü) ñàäóâûé (adjective) ñàæáòü (I) / ïîñàä¿òü (II) (ïîñàæý, ïîñáäèøü) ñàêâî§æ ñàëáò ñàì (m), càìá (f), càìó (n), cáìè (pl) ñàìîâáð ñàìîë¸ò ñáìûé ïëîõóé ñáìûé õîëóäíûé ñàíãâ¿íèê ñàíòéõíèê ñàïóã (pl ñàïîã¿) / ñàïîæóê (pl ñàïóæêè) (diminutive) ñáõàð ñáóíà ñ,óðíèê ñáûò câáäüáà (íà câáäüáå) ñâéæèé ñâåðõ òîãó ñâ¸ðòîê ñâåò ñâåò¿òü(ñÿ) (II) (imp) (ñâå÷ý, ñâéòèøü) ñâåòîôóð

garden to plant grip lettuce myself, yourself (etc.) samovar (type of Russian tea urn) plane the worst the coldest sanguine person plumber boot(s) sugar sauna volume sale(s) wedding fresh furthermore, moreover, in addition, also package light to shine, gleam traffic lights 473

Ñëîâàðü

474

ñâèäéòåëüñòâî ñâèäéòåëüñòâî îá îáðàçîâáíèè ñâîáóäíî (â) ñâîáóäíîå âðéìÿ ñâîáóäíûé ñâóé (etc.) Ñâÿòóé Èñòó÷íèê ñäàâáòü â áàãáæ (+ acc) ñäàâáòü (I) (imp) (ñäàø, ñäà¸øü) ýêçáìåí ñäàòü (pf) (ñäàì, ñäàøü, ñäàñò, ñäàä¿ì, ñäàä¿òå, ñäàäýò) ýêçáìåí ñäá÷à ñåáíñ ñéâåð (íà ñéâåðå) ñåãóäíÿ ñåãóäíÿøíèé (adjective) ñåäóé cåé÷ác ñåêðåòàðèáò ñåêðåòáðøà ñåêðåòáðü (m) ñéêòîð ñåëó ñåìáíòèêà ñåìéñòð ñåìíáäöàòü ñåìü ñåìü òÏcÿ÷ ñéìüäåcÿò ñåìü§ (ðàñ-)ñåðä¿òüñÿ (II) (ñåðæýñü, ñéðäèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) ñéðäöå cåðåä¿íà ñéðèÿ ñéðôèíã ñéðûé ñéññèÿ ñåcòðá (ìîø) ñåcòðý / (ìî¿õ) cåcò¸ð çîâýò ... ñçáäè (+ gen) ñèãáðà ñèãàðéòà ñèäéíüå ñèäéòü (II) (imp) (ñèæý, ñèä¿øü) ñ¿ëû íà èñõóäå ñ¿ëüíûé êáøåëü (m) ñèíäðóì Âéðíåðà ñ¿íèé ñ¿íòàêñèñ ñèñòéìà îáðàçîâáíèÿ ñêàæ¿(òå) (imperative) ïîæáëóéñòà ñêàçáòü (I) (pf) (ñêàæý, ñêáæåøü) ñêàìééêà ñêáòåðòü (f) ñêâåð ñêåëéò ñêëàä ñêëóííûé ê (+ dat) ñêóáêè ñêóëüêî (+ gen)?

certificate, evidence general certificate of education fluently; (it is) free in one’s spare time free, vacant one’s own Holy Spring to check in to take an exam to pass an exam change showing (of a film) north today today’s grey (hair only) now, at the moment secretariat secretary secretary (of organization, society etc.) section village semantics term seventeen seven seven thousand seventy family to be angry at heart middle serial, series surfing grey examination period sister my sister/s is/are called ... (from) behind cigar cigarette seat to sit (= to be sitting) (the) strength is waning bad cough Verner’s syndrome (dark) blue syntax education system (could you) tell me please to say, tell bench tablecloth (small) public garden skeleton warehouse inclined to brackets how much / many? S azov (Russian from Scratch )

how many days? how many times per ...? what’s the time? (literally: how much now is the time?) ñêóëüêî ñòóèò / ñòóÿò ...? how much do(es) ... cost? ñêóëüêî òåáé / âàì ëåò? how old are you? ñêóëüêî ôýíòîâ / äóëëàðîâ? how many pounds / dollars? ñêîðéå âñåãó most likely Ñêîðïèóí Scorpio ñêóðî soon ñêóðûé fast ñêð¿ïêà violin (ïî-)ñêó÷áòü (I) äðóã ïî äðýãó to miss each other ñêý÷íî (it is) boring ìíå (etc.) ñêý÷íî I’m (etc.) bored ñêý÷íûé boring ñëááûé weak, poor ñëáâèòüñÿ (II) (imp) (ñëáâëþñü, ñëáâèøüñÿ) (+ instr) to be renowned for ñëáäêèé sweet cëáäêèå / òðéòüè áëøäà dessert ñëéâà on / from the left ñëéâà îò (+ gen) to the left of ñëåä (+ dat) after ñëåä¿(òå) (imperative) çà òåì, ÷òóáû make sure that ñëåä¿òü (II) (imp) (ñëåæý, ñëåä¿øü) çà (+ instr) to look after (ïî-)ñëéäîâàòü (III) (imp) (cëéäóþ, cëéäóåøü) to follow ñëéäñòâèå consequence ìíå (etc.) cëéäóåò (+ infinitive) I ought to ... ñëéäóþùèé following íà ñëéäóþùèé äåíü the following day ñë¿âà plum ñë¿âî÷íîå ìáñëî butter ñë¿øêîì too ñë¿øêîì ìíóãî (+ gen) too much / many ñëóæíûé complicated ñëóìàííûé (past participle) broken ñëîìáòü (I) (pf) to break ñëîí elephant ñëýæàùèé (cëýæàùàÿ) clerk, employee ñëóæéáíûé òåëåôóí work telephone ñëý÷àé case ñëó÷áéíî by accident, by chance (ïî-)ñëýøàòü (I) to listen (to) cëýøàþ / cëýøàþ âàc / ÿ âàc cëýøàþ (on the phone) yes, speaking (ó-)ñëÏøàòü (ñëÏøó, ñëÏøèøü) to hear âàc / òå᧠ïëóõî cëÏøíî (= ÿ âàc / òå᧠ïëóõî I can’t hear you (very) well cëÏøó) ñìáçûâàòü (I) / ñìáçàòü (ñìáæó, ñìáæåøü) to grease cìåòáíà sour(ed) cream (ðàñ-)ñìå§òüñÿ (ñìåøñü, ñìå¸øüñÿ) to laugh (ïî-)ñìîòðéòü (II) (ñìîòðø, cìóòðèøü) to watch ñìîòðéòü (II) â îêíó to look out of the window cìî÷ü (pf) (cìîãý, cìóæåøü, cìóãóò) to be able (to) ñíà÷áëà first (of all) ÑÍà CIS ñíåã snow cíéæíî (it is) snowy ñíéæíûé snow(y) ñíèìáòü (I) (imp) êâàðò¿ðó to rent a flat ñíóâà again A new ab initio Russian course

Vocabulary

ñêóëüêî äíéé? ñêóëüêî ðàç â / âî ... (+ acc) ? ñêóëüêî cåé÷ác âðéìåíè? (colloquial)

475

Ñëîâàðü

476

ñîááêà / cîáà÷óíêà (diminutive) «Ñîáá÷üå ñéðäöå» ñîáèðáòü (I) / ñîáðáòü (ñîáåðý, ñîáåð¸øü) ñîáèðáòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðáòüñÿ (ñîáåðýñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ) ñîáóð ñîáðáíèå ñîáðáíèå ñî÷èíéíèé ñîâåðøéííî ñîâéò (ïî-)ñîâéòîâàòü (III) (ñîâéòóþ, ñîâéòóåøü) (+ dat) ñîâéòñêèé ñîâðåìéííûé ñîâcéì cîâcéì íå ñîãëáñåí (m), ñîãëáñíà (f), ñîãëáñíû (pl) ñîãëáñíî ñîäåðæáòü (II) (imp) (ñîäåðæý, ñîäéðæèøü) ñîçäàâáòü (ñîçäàø, ñîçäà¸øü) / ñîçäáòü (ñîçäáì, ñîçäáøü, ñîçäáñò, ñîçäàä¿ì, ñîçäàä¿òå, ñîçäàäýò) ñîéò¿ ñ (pf) (ñîéäý, ñîéä¸øü) ñ (+ gen) ñîê ñîëäáò cóëíå÷íî ñóëíå÷íûé ñóëíöå ñóëüíûé êîíöéðò ñîîáùáòü (I) / cîîáù¿òü (II) ñîîáùáòü (I) / ñîîáù¿òü (II) ñâéäåíèÿ ñîîòâéòñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ñîîòâéòñòâóþ, ñîîòâéòñòâóåøü) (+ dat) ñîïðîâîæäáòü (I) / ñîïðîâîä¿òü (II) (ñîïðîâîæý, ñîïðîâîä¿øü) ñîðåâîâíîâáíèå ñóðîê ñîñéä (ñîñéäêà) ñîc¿cêà ñîñòáâ ñîñòàâë§òü (I) / ñîñòáâèòü (II) (ñîñòáâëþ, ñîñòáâèøü) ñîñòî§íèå ñîõðàí§òüñÿ (I) / ñîõðàí¿òüñÿ (II) ñî÷èíéíèå ñïáëüíÿ ñïàñáòåëüíàÿ êîìáíäà ñïàñ¿áî (çà + acc) ñïàòü (imp) (cïëþ, cïèøü) ñïåêòáêëü (m) ñïåöèàëèç¿ðîâàòüñÿ (III) (imp & pf) (ñïåöèàëèç¿ðóþcü, ñïåöèàëèç¿ðóåøücÿ) â (+ prep) ñïåöèáëüíûé ìàãàç¿í (ïî-)cïåø¿òü (II) â ñïéøêå ñï¿ñîê ïîcèäéòü (I) (pf) (ïîñèæý, ïîñèä¿øü) ñïîêóéíî ñïîêóéíîé íó÷è! ñïîêóéñòâèå ñïóíñîð ñïîðò ñïîðò¿âíûé ëáãåðü

dog Heart of a Dog to collect, gather, pick to meet; get ready (to), prepare (to) cathedral meeting; collection collection of works completely piece of advice to advise Soviet modern completely, brand not at all I (etc.) agree agreed to keep, maintain to create to get off juice soldier (it is) sunny sunny sun solo concert, recital to inform to provide information to correspond (to) to accompany competition forty neighbour frankfurter composition to compile state to remain; be preserved essay, composition, (literary) work bedroom rescue team thank you (for), thanks (for) to sleep performance (in the theatre) to specialize in specialist shop to hurry up in haste list to sit (for a while) peacefully, calmly good night! peace of mind sponsor sport sports camp S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

to contribute (to) on / from the right to the right (of) fairness sprinter to ask (s.one) satellite TV comparatively Wednesday amongst of average weight average, middle; central middle (comprehensive) school remedy length of stay to put (in an upright position), stand

Vocabulary

(ïî-)ñïîñóáñòâîâàòü (III) (ñïîñóáñòâóþ, ñïîñóáñòâóåøü) (+ dat) ñïðáâà ñïðáâà (îò) (+ gen) ñïðàâåäë¿âîñòü (f) ñïð¿íòåð ñïðáøèâàòü (I) / ñïðîñ¿òü (II) (ñïðîøý, ñïðóñèøü) ó (+ gen) ñïýòíèêîâîå òåëåâ¿äåíèå ñðàâí¿òåëüíî ñðåäá ñðåä¿ (+ gen) ñðåäíåóï¿òàííûé ñðéäíèé ñðéäíÿÿ (îáùåîáðàçîâáòåëüíàÿ) øêóëà ñðéäñòâî ñðîê ïðîæèâáíèÿ (ïî-)ñòáâèòü (II) (ñòáâëþ, ñòáâèøü) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) ñòàäèóí ñòàêáí ñòàíäáðò ñòàíîâ¿òüñÿ (ñòàíîâëøñü, ñòàíóâèøüñÿ) / ñòàòü (ñòáíó, ñòáíåøü) (+ instr) ñòáíöèÿ (ïî-)còàðáòücÿ (I) ñòàðéíèå ñòáðåö ñòàðèíá còàð¿ííûé ñòáðøå ìåí§ (etc.) íà (+ acc) ñòáðøå ñâîåãó âóçðàñòà ñòáðøèé ñòàòü (pf) (ñòáíó, ñòáíåøü) (+ infinitive) ñòàòü§ ñòåêëó ñòåêëîî÷èñò¿òåëü (m) ñòèë¿ñòèêà ñòèðáëüíàÿ ìàø¿íà (ïî-)còèðáòü (I) ñòèõîòâîðéíèå ñòî ñòî òÏcÿ÷ ñòî ìèëëèóíîâ ñòóèòü (II) (ñòóèò, ñòóÿò) ñòîë ñòîë äëÿ íàcòóëüíîãî òéííècà ñòîë íàõóäîê ñòîëóâàÿ (adjectival noun) ñòî§òü (II) (imp) (ñòîø, ñòî¿øü) ñòðàíá ñòðàíîâéäåíèå ñòðàíÏ Ááëòèè ñòðàõîâóé ïóëèñ ñòðáøíî ñòðéëüáà Ñòðåëéö ñòðåì¿òüñÿ (II) (imp) (còðåìëøcü, còðåì¿øücÿ) ê (+ dat) ñòðóãî

stadium a glass standard to become station (small) to try ageing old man olden times very old, ancient older than me (etc.) by older than one’s age older, oldest to begin article glass glass cleaner stylistics washing machine to wash (clothes) poem hundred hundred thousand hundred million to cost table table-tennis table lost property office dining room to stand (= to be standing) country background (country) studies The Baltic States insurance policy (it is) terrible, terribly shooting Sagittarius to strive for, to aim for sternly, severely 477

Ñëîâàðü

478

ñòðî¿òåëü (m) ñòðî¿òåëüñòâî ñòðîéìàòåðèáëû ñòðóéíûé (ïî-)ñòðóèòü (II) ñòðó÷êà (diminutive) còóäéíò (còóäéíòêà) ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòéêà ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ æèçíü ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ ñòîëóâàÿ (ïî-)ñòó÷áòü (II) (ñòó÷ý, ñòó÷¿øü) ñòûêóâêà ñóááóòà ñýìêà ñóïåðìáðêåò ñýòî÷íûé ðàöèóí ñóùéñòâåííûé ñõâáòêà cõâáòûâàòü (I) / ñõâàò¿òü (II) (ñõâà÷ý, ñõâáòèøü) ñõéìà ìåòðó ñõîä¿òü (II) (imp) (cõîæý, cõóäèøü) â ìàãàç¿í ñ÷ácòüå ñ÷àcòë¿âî! ñ÷àcòë¿âîãî ïóò¿! ñ÷¸ò ñ÷èòáòü(ñÿ) (I) (imp) ñúéçäèòü (II) (pf) (ñúéçæó, ñúéçäèøü) ñûí (ìîåãó) ñÏíà çîâýò ... ñÏïàòü (imp) (cÏïëþ, cÏïëåøü) ñûð cÏðî ñûðóé òàáëéòêà òàê òàê æå, êàê ÿ (etc.) òàê è äýìàë(à) (à) òáêæå òàê¿ì óáðàçîì òàêóé òàêóé æå òàêóé-ñÿêóé òàêóé-òî â òàêóì cëý÷àå òàêc¿ (n) (indeclinable) òàì òàìóæåííèê òàìóæíÿ òàðáíü (f) òàðéëêà òáíåö (pl òáíöû) (ðàñ-)òáÿòü (I) (òáþ, òáåøü) òâóé (m), òâî§ (f), òâî¸ (n), òâî¿ (pl) (informal) òâóðîã òâóð÷åñòâî òåáòð òåàòðáëüíîå ó÷¿ëèùå òåáé íðáâèòcÿ ...? / âàì íðáâèòcÿ ...? (sing) òåáé íðáâÿòcÿ ...? / âàì íðáâÿòcÿ ...? (pl) òåë. = òåëåôóí

builder building building materials well proportioned to build line, stitch student student library student life student canteen to knock connection Saturday bag supermarket daily ration vital, important skirmish, fight to grab map of the metro to pop to the shop happiness bye!, cheerio! bon voyage! bill to (be) consider(ed) to go (and return) son (my) son is called ... to pour cheese (it is) damp damp tablet so just like I (etc.) thought as much also, too, likewise thus such the same (as), the same sort (of) so-and-so so-and-so; such-and-such in that case taxi there customs officer customs sea-roach plate dance(s), dancing to melt your cottage cheese creativity theatre drama school do you like ...? do you like ...? telephone S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

television telegraph office trolley TV repair man telephone public telephone telephone installation to telephone telephone operator telephone booth telephone exchange telephone conversation Taurus body theme (it is) dark dark temperature tennis tennis ball now(adays) (it is) warm warm to bear, endure I can’t stand to lose to faint, lose consciousness to lose count (it is) cramped exercise book aunt technician technical college technology technocrat in the course (of), within type typical (a little) quieter i.e. the fact that; what goods then also, too thickness only, just just volume to trample (down) cake toast toaster that, this / those, these including the same

Vocabulary

òåëåâ¿çîð òåëåãðáô òåëéæêà òåëåìáñòåð òåëåôóí òåëåôóí-àâòîìáò òåëåôîíèçáöèÿ òåëåôîí¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp & pf) (òåëåôîí¿ðóþ, òåëåôîí¿ðóåøü) òåëåôîí¿cò (òåëåôîí¿còêà) òåëåôóííàÿ áýäêà òåëåôóííàÿ còáíöèÿ òåëåôóííûé ðàçãîâóð Òåëéö òéëî òéìà òåìíó ò¸ìíûé òåìïåðàòýðà òéííèñ òéííècíûé ìÿ÷ òåïéðü òåïëó ò¸ïëûé (ïî-)òåðïéòü (òåðïëø, òéðïèøü) ÿ (etc.) íå ìîãý òåðïéòü (+ acc) (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) cîçíáíèå (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) c÷¸ò òéñíî òåòðáäü (f) ò¸òÿ òéõíèê òéõíèêóì òåõí¿÷åñêèå ñðéäñòâà òåõíîêðáò â òå÷éíèå (+ gen) òèï òèï¿÷íûé (ïî)ò¿øå òî åcòü òî, ÷òî òîâáðû òîãäá òóæå òîëùèíá òóëüêî òóëüêî ÷òî òîì (çà-)òîïòáòü (òîï÷ý, òóï÷åøü) òîðò òîcò òóñòåð òîò (m), òà (f), òî (n), òå (pl) â òîì ÷èñëé òîò æå cáìûé (m), òà æå cáìàÿ (f), òî æå cáìîå (n), òå æå cáìûå (pl) òîò cáìûé (m), òà cáìàÿ (f), òî cáìîå (n), òå cáìûå (pl) òó÷êà

the very full-stop 479

Ñëîâàðü

480

òó÷íî òóøíî òðàâá òðàãéäèÿ òðàìâáé òðéáîâàíèå òðåíàæ¸ðíûé çàë òðåíèðóâêà òðéòèé òðéòèé ýòáæ òðéòüè / cëáäêèå áëøäà òð¸õêîìíàòíàÿ êâàðò¿ðà òðè òðè ìèëëèóíà òðè òÏcÿ÷è òðèáýíà òð¿äöàòü òðèíáäöàòü òðóå äåòéé òðóéêà (= óäîâëåòâîð¿òåëüíî) òðîëëééáóc òðîìáóí òðóäîâóå îáó÷éíèå òðóäîëþá¿âûé òðóñÏ / òðýñèêè (diminutive) òóàëéò òóáåðêóë¸ç òóìáííî òóìáííûé òóðàãéíòñòâî òóð¿çì òóð¿cò (òóð¿còêà) òýôëÿ (pl òýôëè) òû (informal) òÏcÿ÷à òþëüïáí òÿæ¸ëûé òÿæ¸ëàÿ àòëéòèêà ó (+ gen) ó âàc (åcòü) ...(?) (formal / plural) (+ nom) ó âõóäà â (+ acc) ó êáæäîãî (åñòü) ó ìåí§ (åcòü) ... (+ nom) ó ìåí§ äâóå / òðóå / ÷éòâåðî äåòéé ó ìåí§ (etc.) íåò … (+ gen) ó ìåí§ îäíá cåcòðá, ó ìåí§ äâå / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ñåñòðÏ ó ìåí§ îä¿í áðàò, ó ìåí§ äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå áðáòà ó íàc (åcòü) ...(?) (+ nom) ó íåãó (pronounced ó íåâó) (åcòü) ...? (+ nom) ó íå¸ (åcòü) ...(?) (+ nom) ó íèõ (åcòü) ...(?) (+ nom) ó òå᧠(åcòü) ...(?) (informal) (+ nom) ó òåëåôóíà (on the phone) óáåæäáòü (I) (imp) óáèðáòü (I) / óáðáòü (óáåðý, óáåð¸øü) óáóðêà óâàæ¿òåëüíûé óâåð§òü (I) / óâéðèòü (II) óâ¿äåòü (II) (pf) (óâ¿æó, óâ¿äèøü)

exactly sick grass tragedy tram demand gym training session third second floor dessert two bedroomed flat three three million three thousand stand (at sports stadium) thirty thirteen three children three (= satisfactory) (mark in education) trolleybus trombone labour instruction hard-working underpants, shorts toilet tuberculosis (it is) foggy foggy travel agency tourism tourist shoe you a thousand tulip heavy, hard weight-lifting at s.one’s place; I, you (etc.) have you have …; do you have ...? by the entrance to everyone has I have ... I have two / three / four children I (etc.) do not have … I have one sister, two / three / four sisters I have one brother, two / three / four brothers we have ...; do we have ...? he / it has ...; does he / it have ...? she / it has ...; does she / it have ...? they have ...; do they have ...? you have ...; do you have ...? speaking to try to convince to clean (house, flat) cleaning respectful to assure to see, catch sight of S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

to captivate to enjoy, be keen on hobby dismissal from work I (etc.) managed (school) with in-depth study (of) to remove luck (it is) amazing to surprise to be surprised (at) (it is) comfortable, (it is) convenient awful(ly) already no longer supper to have supper narrow to find out, recognize to indicate Ukraine to decorate strengthening to boost street Decembrists’ Street New Setttlers’ Street Labour Street street outside to improve in one’s head can, to be able (to) to die

Vocabulary

óâëåêáòü (I) / óâëé÷ü (I) (óâëåêý, óâëå÷¸øü) óâëåêáòüñÿ (I) / óâëé÷üñÿ (I) (óâëåêýñü, óâëå÷¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) óâëå÷éíèå óâîëüíéíèå ñ ðàáóòû ìíå (etc.) óäàëóñü (+ infinitive) (øêóëà) ñ óãëóáë¸ííûì èçó÷éíèåì (+ gen) óäàë§òü (I) / óäàë¿òü (II) óäá÷à óäèâ¿òåëüíî óäèâë§òü (I) / óäèâ¿òü (II) (óäèâëø, óäèâ¿øü) óäèâë§òüñÿ (I) / óäèâ¿òüñÿ (II) (+ dat) óäóáíî óæácíî óæé óæé íå ýæèí (ïî-)ýæèíàòü (I) ýçêèé óçíàâáòü (I) (óçíàø, óçíà¸øü) / óçíáòü (I) óêáçûâàòü (I) / óêàçáòü (óêàæý, óêáæåøü) Óêðà¿íà óêðàøáòü (I) / óêðáñèòü (II) (óêðáøó, óêðáñèøü) óêðåïëéíèå óêðåïë§òü (I) / óêðåï¿òü (II) (óêðåïëø, óêðéïèøü) óë. = ýëèöà óë. Äåêàáð¿còîâ óë. Íîâîc¸ëîâ óë. Òðóäá ýëèöà íà ýëèöå óëó÷øáòü (I) / óëý÷øèòü (II) â óìé (ñ-)óìéòü (I) (óìéþ, óìéåøü) óìèðáòü (I) / óìåðéòü (óìðý, óìð¸øü) (past ýìåð / óìåðëá) ýìíûé óìûâáòüñÿ (I) / óìÏòüñÿ (óìóþñü, óìóåøüñÿ) óíàñëéäîâàòü (III) (pf) (óíàñëéäóþ, óíàñëéäóåøü) óíèâåðcáì óíèâåðcèòéò óíèêáëüíûé óïàêóâûâàòü (I) / óïàêîâáòü (III) (óïàêýþ, óïàêýåøü) óïðàæíéíèå Óðáë ýðîâåíü (m) óðóê óðîí¿òü (II) (pf) óñëóâèå óñïåâáòü (I) / ócïéòü (ócïéþ, ócïéåøü) (íà + acc) óñïéõ(è) ÿ (etc.) óñòáë(à) óñòáëîñòü (f) óñòðáèâàòü (I) / óñòðóèòü (II) óñòðàí§òü (I) / ócòðàí¿òü (II) óñÏ ýòðî ýòðîì óòøã ýõî (ýøè)

clever, bright to wash (oneself) to inherit supermarket university unique to pack exercise the Urals level lesson to drop condition to make it in time (for); manage success I’m (etc.) tired tiredness to arrange to eliminate moustache morning in the morning iron ear(s) 481

Ñëîâàðü

482

ó÷áñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ó÷áñòâóþ, ó÷áñòâóåøü) â (+ prep) ó÷áñòèå â (+ prep) ó÷áñòíèê (ó÷áñòíèöà) ó÷áùèéñÿ (ó÷áùàÿcÿ) (adjectival noun) ó÷¸áà ó÷éáíèê ó÷éáíûé äåíü ó÷¸íàÿ ñòéïåíü ó÷åí¿ê (ó÷åí¿öà) ó÷¸íûé (adjectival noun) ó÷¿ëèùå ó÷¿òåëü (ó÷¿òåëüíèöà) ó÷¿òûâàòü (I) / ó÷éñòü (ó÷òý, ó÷ò¸øü) (â›-)ó÷¿òü (II) (íà-)ó÷¿òü (II) (+ acc) (íà-)ó÷¿òüñÿ (II) (ó÷ýcü, ý÷èøücÿ) (+ dat) ýøè Ó¢ëüc ôááðèêà (íà ôááðèêå) ôàêñ ôàêóëüòéò (íà ôàêóëüòéòå) ôàì¿ëèÿ ôåí äëÿ âîëóñ ôåíîìéí ôåõòîâáíèå ô¿ãà ôèãýðíîå êàòáíèå ô¿çèêà ôèçêóëüòýðà (= ôèç¿÷åcêàÿ êóëüòýðà) ôèëèáë ôèëîëîã¿÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòéò ôèëîëóãèÿ ôèëîñóôèÿ ô¿ðìåííûé ìàãàç¿í ôëåãìàò¿÷íûé ôîéé (n) (indeclinable) ôîí ôîíéòèêà ôîíòáí (ñ-)ôîðìèðîâáòü(ñÿ) (III) (ôîðìèðýþ, ôîðìèðýåøü) ôóðòî÷êà ôîòîàïïàðáò ôîòîàòåëüé (n) (indeclinable) ôîòîãðáôèÿ ôîòîêóïèÿ ôîòîêîððåñïîíäéíò (ôîòîêîððåñïîíäéíòêà) Ôðáíöèÿ ôðàíöýç (ôðàíöýæåíêà) / ôðàíöýçû ôðàíöýçcêèé (adjective) ôðýêòû ôóíò ôóòáóë ôóòáîë¿cò (ôóòáîë¿còêà) ôóòáóëüíîå îáîçðéíèå õàðáêòåð (ïî-)õâàë¿òü (II) (íå) õâàòáåò (+ gen) õèðýðã õëéáíèöà

to take part in participation participant student (in trade / vocational school) studies textbook academic day academic degree school pupil scientist vocational school teacher to take into account, consider to learn, teach to study (a subject) to study, go to (university); to learn (how to) ears Wales factory fax faculty, school surname hair-drier phenomenon fencing rude gesture figure skating physics physical education branch faculty of languages and literature philology (language and literature) philosophy shop (selling only one brand of goods) phlegmatic foyer background phonetics fountain to (be) form(ed) mould camera photostudio photography, photograph photocopy photocorrespondent France Frenchman (French woman) / the French French fruit pound (sterling) football footballer football review personality to praise there is / are (not) enough surgeon bread basket, bread bin S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

bread department flakes, cereals hobby to go (on foot) to go shopping to visit a friend while walking, on the move housewife choleric person, bad-tempered person refrigerator (it is) cold cold fine, good fine, good, well to want I (etc.) would like (he) wanted him to become a pilot to laugh loudly I (etc.) want to ... Cathedral of Christ the Saviour to keep, preserve to be kept block of flats (from the Khrushchev era) thin worse it can’t be worse to scratch to flower, bloom cauliflower house plant, flower flower shop Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Ceylonese aim, purpose central church civilisation circus chicken to have tea tea The Seagull (play by Chekhov) kettle (at) one o’clock (at) two / threee / four o’clock (at) five / six o’clock private often more often clock, watch part whose than what are you up to? (how) can I help you? the lower …, the less … suitcase world championship attic

Vocabulary

õëéáíûé îòäéë õëóïüÿ (pl) õóááè (n) (indeclinable) õîä¿òü (II) (imp) (õîæý, õóäèøü) (frequentative, multi-directional) õîä¿òü (II) çà ïîêýïêàìè õîä¿òü (II) â ãóñòè íà õîäý õîç§éêà õîëéðèê õîëîä¿ëüíèê õóëîäíî õîëóäíûé õîðóøèé õîðîøó (çà-)õîòéòü (õî÷ý, õó÷åøü, õó÷åò, õîò¿ì, õîò¿òå, õîò§ò) ÿ (etc.) õîòéë(à) áû (+ infinitive) (îí) õîòéë, ÷òóáû îí ñòàë ë¸ò÷èêîì (çà-)õîõîòáòü (õîõî÷ý, õîõó÷åøü) ìíå (etc.) õó÷åòcÿ (+ infinitive) Õðàì Õð¿ñòà Cïàc¿òåëÿ õðàí¿òü (II) (imp) õðàí¿òüñÿ (II) (imp) õðóù¸âêà (colloquial) õóäóé / õóäîùáâûé õýæå õýæå íéêóäà (î-)öàðáïàòü (I) öâåñò¿ (imp) (öâåòý, öâåò¸ò) öâåòíáÿ êàïýcòà öâåòóê (pl öâåòÏ) öâåòó÷íûé ìàãàç¿í Öåéëóí öåéëóíñêèé öåëü (f) öåíòðáëüíûé öéðêîâü (f) öèâèëèçáöèÿ öèðê öûïë¸íîê (pl öûïë§òà) (ïî-)÷à¸âíè÷àòü (I) ÷àé «×áéêà» ÷áéíèê (â) ÷àñ (â) äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ÷àñá (â) ïÿòü / øåcòü (etc.) ÷àcóâ ÷ácòíûé ÷ácòî ÷áùå ÷àcÏ (pl) ÷àcòü (f) ÷åé (m), ÷üÿ (f), ÷ü¸ (n), ÷üè (pl) ÷åì ÷åì (òû) çàíèìáåøücÿ? ÷åì ÿ ìîãý âàì ïîìó÷ü? ÷åì í¿æå, òåì ìéíüøå ÷åìîäáí ÷åìïèîíáò ì¿ðà ÷åðäáê

483

Ñëîâàðü

484

÷éðåç (+ acc) ÷éðåç ÷àc ÷åðåïáõà (ïî-)÷åðíéòü (÷åðíéþ, ÷åðíéåøü) ÷¸ðíûé ÷åðòá ÷åð÷éíèå (ïî-)÷åcáòü (÷åøý, ÷éøåøü) â ÷åñòü (+ gen) ÷éòâåðî äåòéé ÷åòâ¸ðêà (= õîðîøó) ÷åòâ¸ðòûé ÷åòâ¸ðòûé ýòáæ ÷åòâéðã ÷åòÏðå ÷åòÏðå ìèëëèóíà ÷åòÏðå òÏcÿ÷è ÷åòÏðíàäöàòü ÷åõ (÷éøêà) / ÷éõè ×éõèÿ ÷éøcêèé (adjective) ÷èñëó â òîì ÷èñëé (ïî-)÷¿còèòü (II) (÷¿ùó, ÷¿còèøü) (ïî-)÷èí¿òü (II) (ïðî-)÷èòáòü (I) ÷ëåí ÷òî(?) ÷òî åù¸? ÷òî æ ÷òî òû / âû! ÷òî ¢òî òàêóå? ÷òó,û ÷òó-íèáóäü ÷òó-òî ÷òî èä¸ò â êèíîòåáòðå? ÷óâñòâ¿òåëüíûé ÷ýâñòâî ÷ýâñòâîâàòü (III) (÷ýâñòâóþ, ÷ýâñòâóåøü) (cåá§) ÷óäéñíûé ÷ýäî (pl ÷óäåcá) ÷óæóé ÷óòü (áÏëî) íå øáïêà øâåéöáð øåäéâð øåëåñòéòü (imp) (øåëåñò¿ò) øåcòíáäöàòü øåcòü øåcòü òÏcÿ÷ øåcòüäåc§ò øåcòüäåc§ò ñ ÷éì-òî øèðèíá øêàô øêóëà øêóëüíèê (øêóëüíèöà) øêóëüíîå ðàñïèñáíèå øë§ïêà øí¿öåëü (m) øóðòû

via; in (a period of time) in an hour tortoise to turn black black feature sketching to scratch (named) after, in honour of four children four (= good) (mark in education) fourth third floor Thursday four four million four thousand fourteen Czech / the Czechs Czech Republic Czech number, date including to clean, peel to repair to read member what(?); that what else? well, in that case what are you saying! what (exactly) is this / are these? in order (to) something, anything something what is showing at the cinema? sensitive feeling to feel wonderful miracle someone else’s, alien, strange almost hat porter masterpiece to rustle sixteen six six thousand sixty over sixty width cupboard school school pupil, schoolchild school timetable cap (of a mushroom) breaded veal cutlet shorts S azov (Russian from Scratch )

ßïóíèÿ ÿïóícêèé (adjective) §ðêèé §ùèê

A new ab initio Russian course

Scotland driver, chauffeur corkscrew thing to joke to tickle The Nutcracker puppy to examine (by touching) an exam in physics electric(al) local train electrician electrical appliances mains epidemic the Hermitage variety show / music light music it is, this is / they are, these are ... speaking that’s not true in Russian it is ... it can happen to anyone this week this year this, that / these, those skirt south I apple apple pie to be berry, soft fruit language language practice fried eggs egg yolk egg Japanese man (Japanese woman) / the Japanese Japan Japanese bright box

Vocabulary

Øîòëáíäèÿ øîô¸ð øòóïîð øòýêà / øòý÷êà (diminutive) (ïî-)øóò¿òü (II) (øó÷ý, øýòèøü) (ïî-)ùåêîòáòü (ùåêî÷ý, ùåêó÷åøü) «Ùåëêýí÷èê» ùåíóê (ïî-)ùýïàòü (I) (+ acc) ýêçáìåí ïî (+ dat) ô¿çèêå ýëåêòð¿÷åñêèé ýëåêòð¿÷êà ýëåêòðîìîíò¸ð ýëåêòðóíèêà ýëåêòðîñéòü (f) ýïèäéìèÿ Ýðìèòáæ ýñòðáäà ýcòðáäíàÿ ìýçûêà ¢òî ¢òî ãîâîð¿ò ... ¢òî íå ïðáâäà ¢òî ïî-ðýccêè ... ¢òî ñî âñ§êèì ìóæåò ñëó÷¿òüñÿ íà ¢òîé íåäéëå â ¢òîì ãîäý ¢òîò (m), ¢òà (f), ¢òî (n), ¢òè (pl) øáêà þã (íà øãå) ÿ §áëîêî (pl §áëîêè) §áëî÷íûé ïèðóã ÿâë§òüñÿ (I) (imp) (+ instr) §ãîäà ÿçÏê ÿçûêîâáÿ ïðáêòèêà ÿ¿÷íèöà ÿ¿÷íûé æåëòóê ÿéöó (pl §éöà) ÿïóíåö (ÿïóíêà) / ÿïóíöû

485

Ñëîâàðü

ENGLISH a little (to) be able (to) able to work about me / you / him, it / her, it / us / you / them about trivia about what(?) about whom(?) above academic day academic degree (to) accept (to) accompany according to the table below according to (to) acquaint acquaintance acquainted actor (actress) adaptation (to) add address Admiralty (to) adore (to) advertize, be advertized advertisement (to) advise aerobics (to) be afraid of if you are afraid of wolves don’t go into the forest after after finishing school in the afternoon again against age ageing ago I (etc.) agree agreed ahead of ailment aim (to) aim for airport alarm clock alarmed alcoholic drinks algebra alive all 486

RUSSIAN íåìíóæêî (+ gen) (c-)ìî÷ü (ìîãý, ìóæåøü, ìóãóò); (ñ-)óìéòü (I) (óìéþ, óìéåøü) ðàáîòîñïîñóáíûé îáó ìíå / î òåáé / î í¸ì / î íåé / î íàc / î âàc / î íèõ (prep) ïî ïóñòÿêáì î ÷¸ì(?) (prep) î êîì(?) (prep) íàä (+ instr) ó÷éáíûé äåíü ó÷¸íàÿ ñòéïåíü ïðèíèìáòü (I) / ïðèí§òü (I) (ïðèìý, ïð¿ìåøü) ñîïðîâîæäáòü (I) / ñîïðîâîä¿òü (II) (ñîïðîâîæý, ñîïðîâîä¿øü) ïî äáííîé í¿æå òàáë¿öå ïî (+ dat) (ïî-)çíàêóìèòü (II) (çíàêóìëþ, çíàêóìèøü) çíàêóìcòâî (familiarity), çíàêóìûé (çíàêóìàÿ) (friend) (adjectival noun) çíàêóì (past participle) àêò¸ð (àêòð¿ñà) àäàïòáöèÿ äîáàâë§òü (I) / äîááâèòü (II) (äîááâëþ, äîááâèøü) áäðåñ (pl àäðåñá) Àäìèðàëòééñòâî îáîæáòü (I) (imp) ðåêëàì¿ðîâàòü(cÿ) (III) (ðåêëàì¿ðóþ, ðåêëàì¿ðóåøü) îáúÿâëéíèå (ïî-)ñîâéòîâàòü (III) (ñîâéòóþ, ñîâéòóåøü) (+ dat) àýðóáèêà áî§òüñÿ (II) (imp) (áîøñü, áî¿øüñÿ) (+ gen) âîëêóâ áî§òüñÿ - â ëåñ íå õîä¿òü (proverb) ïóñëå (+ gen), ñëåä (+ dat) ïóñëå îêîí÷áíèÿ øêóëû äí¸ì îï§òü, ñíóâà ïðóòèâ (+ gen) âóçðàñò ñòàðéíèå (+ acc) íàçáä ñîãëáñåí (m), ñîãëáñíà (f), ñîãëáñíû (pl) ñîãëáñíî ïéðåä (+ instr) íéäóã öåëü (f) ñòðåì¿òüñÿ (II) (imp) (còðåìëøcü, còðåì¿øücÿ) ê (+ dat) àýðîïóðò (â àýðîïîðòý) áóä¿ëüíèê âñòðåâóæåííûé (past participle) àëêîãóëüíûå íàï¿òêè áëãåáðà â æèâÏõ âåñü (m), âñÿ (f), âñ¸ (n), âñå (pl) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

allow me to introduce myself almost along already also always amabassador amazing America American the Americans amongst ancient and animal announce annually another time ansaphone (to) answer antibiotic(s) anti-clockwise (to) be anxious any (at) any time anybody anyhow anything anywhere apart from apartment apparently (to) appear appearance appendicitis apple apple pie (to) make an appointment with (to) approach approximately Aquarius architecture Aries armchair Armenian / the Armenians around around the world (to) arrange A new ab initio Russian course

âñ¸ æå, âñ¸ ðàâíó, âñ¸-òàêè âñå áèëéòû ïðóäàíû àëëåðã¿ÿ íà (+ acc) ðàçðåøáòü (I) / ðàçðåø¿òü (ðàçðåøý, ðàçðåø¿øü) (+ dat) ðàçðåø¿òå ïðåäcòáâèòücÿ ïó÷òè, ÷óòü (áÏëî) íå ïî (+ dat) óæé òóæå, äà åù¸, (à) òáêæå âcåãäá ïîñóë óäèâ¿òåëüíî Àìéðèêà àìåðèêáíåö (àìåðèêáíêà), àìåðèêáíñêèé (adjective) àìåðèêáíöû ñðåä¿ (+ gen) äðéâíèé, còàð¿ííûé è, à æèâóòíîå çàÿâë§òü (I) / çà§âèòü (II) (çàÿâëø, çà§âèøü) åæåãóäíî â äðóãóé ðàç àâòîîòâéò÷èê îòâå÷áòü (I) / îòâéòèòü (II) (îòâé÷ó, îòâéòèøü) (+ dat) àíòèáèóòèê(è) ïðóòèâ ÷àñîâóé ñòðéëêè (âç-)âîëíîâáòücÿ (III) (âîëíýþcü, âîëíýåøücÿ) ëþáóé êîãäá-íèáóäü êòó-íèáóäü êáê-íèáóäü ÷òó-íèáóäü êóäá-íèáóäü (direction), ãäé-íèáóäü (location) êðóìå (+ gen) êâ. = êâàðò¿ðà êáæåòcÿ ïîÿâë§òüñÿ (I) / ïîÿâ¿òüñÿ (II) (ïîÿâëøñü, ïî§âèøüñÿ) âíéøíîñòü (f) àïïåíäèö¿ò §áëîêî (pl §áëîêè) §áëî÷íûé ïèðóã çàï¿ñûâàòüñÿ (I) / çàïècáòücÿ (çàïèøýñü, çàï¿øåøüñÿ) ê (+ dat) ïðèáëèæáòüñÿ (I) / ïðèáë¿çèòüñÿ (II) (ïðèáë¿æóñü, ïðèáë¿çèøüñÿ) ïðèáëèç¿òåëüíî Âîäîëéé àðõèòåêòýðà, çóä÷åñòâî Îâéí êðécëî àðì§íèí (àðì§íêà) / àðì§íå âîêðýã (+ gen) âîêðýã ñâéòà óñòðáèâàòü (I) / óñòðóèòü (II)

Vocabulary

all the same all the tickets are sold out allergy to (to) allow

487

Ñëîâàðü

arrival arrival time (to) arrive (in / at)

art article artistic as (far as) as a young person as before as far as I can remember as the saying goes as well (as) Asia (to) ask (s.one) (to) ask a question ask for aspen (to) assign association (to) assure asthma at at dinner at home at last at once at one time at s.one’s place at the moment at the present time at the time of at times at what time? Athens athlete atomic physics (to) attend (classes) attic attract attention attractive auction auditorium aunt Australian the Australians autumn in (the) autumn avenue 488

ïðèáÏòèå, ïðèë¸ò (flying) âðéìÿ ïðèáÏòèÿ ïðèáûâáòü (I) / ïðèáÏòü (ïðèáýäó, ïðèáýäåøü) (â / íà + acc) (by any means), ïðèåçæáòü (I) / ïðèéõàòü (ïðèéäó, ïðèéäåøü) (â / íà + acc) (by transport), ïðèõîä¿òü (II) (ïðèõîæý, ïðèõóäèøü) / ïðèéò¿ (I) (ïðèäý, ïðèä¸øü) (past ïðèø¸ë, ïðèøëá) (â / íà + acc) (on foot) ðèñîâáíèå ñòàòü§ àðòèñò¿÷íûé ïîñêóëüêó, íàñêóëüêî â ìóëîäîñòè ïî-ïðéæíåìó íàñêóëüêî ìíå ïóìíèòñÿ êàê ãîâîð¿òñÿ äà åù¸ Áçèÿ ñïðáøèâàòü (I) / ñïðîñ¿òü (II) (ñïðîøý, ñïðóñèøü) ó (+ gen), (ïî-)ïðîñ¿òü (II) (ïðîøý, ïðócèøü) (request) çàäàâáòü (çàäàø, çàäà¸øü) / çàäáòü (çàäáì, çàäáøü) âîïðóñ ïîïðîc¿(òå) (imperative) îñ¿íà âûäåë§òü (I) / âÏäåëèòü (II) àññîöèáöèÿ óâåð§òü (I) / óâéðèòü (II) áñòìà â / âî (+ prep), íà (+ prep) çà îáéäîì äóìà íàêîíéö êàê ðáç êîãäá-òî ó (+ gen) cåé÷ác â íàñòî§ùåå âðéìÿ ïðè (+ prep); âî âðéìÿ (+ gen) ïîðóé âî cêóëüêî? Àô¿íû àòëéò áòîìíàÿ ô¿çèêà ïîñåùáòü (I) / ïîñåò¿òü (II) (ïîñåùý, ïîñåò¿øü) ÷åðäáê ïðèâëåêáòü (I) / ïðèâëé÷ü (ïðèâëåêý, ïðèâëå÷¸øü) âíèìáíèå ïðèâëåêáòåëüíûé àóêöèóí çð¿òåëüíûé çàë ò¸òÿ àâñòðàë¿åö (àâñòðàë¿éêà), àâñòðàë¿éñêèé (adjective) àâñòðàëë¿éöû óñåíü (f) óñåíüþ ïðîcïéêò S azov (Russian from Scratch )

baked beans bakery balcony bald ball Baltic States banal banana bank banker (to) bankrupt, go bankrupt barman (bar woman) barrel barrister basement basket Basle bath(-tub) (to) go bathing bathroom battery (to) be I, you, he / she, we, you, they will be (to) be able (to) (to) be afraid of (to) be angry at (to) be anxious (to) be born (to) be late for (to) be nervous (to) be on the blink (to) be renowned for (to) be situated (to) be surprised (at) (to) be worried A new ab initio Russian course

ïð. Còá÷åê ïð. Âîccòáíèÿ ñðéäíèé ñðåäíåóï¿òàííûé óæácíî ìàëÏø (pl ìàëûø¿) äéòcêîå ïèòáíèå âñïÿòü ôîí ñòðàíîâéäåíèå áåêóí ïëîõóé ñ¿ëüíûé êáøåëü (m) ïëîõóé, ïëóõî ñýìêà âîäÿíáÿ ááíÿ (èñ-)ïå÷ü (ïåêý, ïå÷¸øü, ïåêýò) (past ï¸ê, ïåêëá) êîícåðâ¿ðîâàííàÿ ôàcóëü (f) áýëî÷íàÿ áàëêóí ëÏñûé áàë (íà áàëý); ìÿ÷ (in games) ñòðáíû Ááëòèè ,àíáëüíûé áàíáí áàíê; áéðåã (íà áåðåãý) áàíê¿ð ðàçîð§òü(ñÿ) (I) / ðàçîð¿òü(ñÿ) (II) ááðìåí (ááðìåíøà) áó÷êà àäâîêáò (àäâîêàòéññà) ïîäâáë êîðç¿íà Ááçåëü (m) âáííà êóïáòüñÿ (I) (imp) âáííàÿ (adjectival noun) áàòàðééêà áûòü (imp), ÿâë§òüñÿ (I) (imp) (+ instr); áûâáòü (I) (imp) (frequentative) ÿ áýäó, òû áýäåøü, îí / îíá áýäåò, ìû áýäåì, âû áýäåòå, îí¿ áýäóò (c-)ìî÷ü (ìîãý, ìóæåøü, ìóãóò); (ñ-)óìéòü (I) (óìéþ, óìéåøü) áî§òüñÿ (II) (imp) (áîøñü, áî¿øüñÿ) (+ gen) (ðàñ-)ñåðä¿òüñÿ (II) (ñåðæýñü, ñéðäèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) (âç-)âîëíîâáòücÿ (III) (âîëíýþcü, âîëíýåøücÿ) ðîæäáòüñÿ (I) / ðîä¿òüñÿ (II) (ðîæýñü, ðîä¿òñÿ) îïáçäûâàòü (I) / îïîçäáòü (I) â / íà (+ acc) íéðâíè÷àòü (I) (imp) áàðàõë¿òü (II) (imp) ñëáâèòüñÿ (II) (imp) (ñëáâëþñü, ñëáâèøüñÿ) (+ instr) íàõîä¿òücÿ (II) (imp) óäèâë§òüñÿ (I) / óäèâ¿òüñÿ (II) (+ dat) (âç-)âîëíîâáòücÿ (III) (âîëíýþcü, âîëíýåøücÿ)

Vocabulary

Avenue of Strikes Avenue of the Uprising average of average weight awful(ly) baby baby food back(wards) background background (country) studies bacon bad bad cough bad(ly) bag bain-marie (to) bake

489

Ñëîâàðü

(to) be worried about be so kind (as to) (to) bear bear bear cub beard because because of (to) become bed (to) go to bed bedroom beef stroganoff beer before before sleeping beforehand (to) begin (to) begin crying (to) begin laughing beginning (to) believe bell bell-tower (to) belong to below bench berry better (to) get better bicycle big it’s / they are big (on me) (etc.) bill bill, please bingo biologist biology birch bird bitter! black blanket block buster block of flats (to) bloom blue Bluebeard’s Castle boarding body body’s immunity 490

(ïî-)çàáóòèòüñÿ (II) (çàáó÷óñü, çàáóòèøüñÿ) î (+ prep) áýäüòå äîáðÏ (+ imperative) (ïî-)òåðïéòü (òåðïëø, òéðïèøü) ìåäâéäü (m) ìåäâåæóíîê (pl ìåäâåæáòà) áîðîäá ïîòîìý ÷òî èç-çá (+ gen) ñòàíîâ¿òüñÿ (ñòàíîâëøñü, ñòàíóâèøüñÿ) / ñòàòü (ñòáíó, ñòáíåøü) (+ instr) ïîcòéëü (f), êðîâáòü (f) ëîæ¿òüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ë§ãó, ë§æåøü) ñïàòü ñïáëüíÿ áåôñòðóãàíîâ ï¿âî ïéðåä (+ instr), äî (+ gen) ïéðåä ñíîì ïðåäâàð¿òåëüíî íà÷èíáòü(ñÿ) (I) / íà÷áòü(ñÿ) (íà÷íý, íà÷í¸øü), ñòàòü (pf) (ñòáíó, ñòáíåøü) (+ infinitive) çàïëáêàòü (pf) (çàïëá÷ó, çàïëá÷åøü) çàñìå§òüñÿ (pf) (çàñìåøñü, çàñìå¸øüñÿ) íà÷áëî (ïî-)âéðèòü (II) (+ dat) çâîíóê êîëîêóëüíÿ ïðèíàäëåæáòü (imp) (ïðèíàäëåæý, ïðèíàäëåæ¿øü) ê (+ dat) ïîä (+ instr) ñêàìééêà §ãîäà ëý÷øå âûçäîðáâëèâàòü (I) / âÏçäîðîâåòü (I) (âÏpäîðîâå., âÏçäîðîâååøü) âåëîcèïéä áîëüøóé, âåë¿êèé îí (îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) âåë¿ê (âåëèêó, âåëèêá, âåëèê¿) ñ÷¸ò äáéòå c÷¸ò, ïîæáëóécòà ëîòó (n) (indeclinable) áèóëîã áèîëóãèÿ áåð¸çà ïò¿öà ãóðüêî! (used at weddings) ÷¸ðíûé îäå§ëî áîåâ¿ê äîì (pl äîìá); õðóù¸âêà (from the Krushchev era) öâåñò¿ (imp) (öâåòý, öâåò¸ò) ñ¿íèé (dark), ãîëóáóé (light) «Çáìîê ãéðöîãà Ñ¿íÿÿ Áîðîäá» ïîñáäêà òéëî èììóíèòéò îðãàí¿çìà S azov (Russian from Scratch )

bomb bon voyage! bone bonfire book (to) book book cupboard (to) boost boot(s) border border guard I’m (etc.) bored boring, it is boring (to) be born both ... and bottle box boxing boy boy(friend) brackets brain branch brand (new) bread basket, bread bin bread department bread roll breaded veal cutlet (to) break (down) (to) break (glass etc.) (to) break out in a cold sweat breakfast (to) have breakfast (to) breed bridge brief briefcase bright British pounds (to) broadcast broken bronchitis broom brother Brothers Karamazov brown (to) build builder building building materials the bulb is gone bun A new ab initio Russian course

(âñ-)êèïÿò¿òü (II) (êèïÿ÷ý, êèïÿò¿øü); (c-)âàð¿òü (II) áóìáà (ÿ) æåëáþ (òåáé / âàì) ñ÷àcòë¿âîãî ïóò¿! êîñòü (f) êîñò¸ð êí¿ãà çàêáçûâàòü (I) / çàêàçáòü (çàêàæý, çàêáæåøü) êí¿æíûé øêàô óêðåïë§òü (I) / óêðåï¿òü (II) (óêðåïëø, óêðåï¿øü) (+ acc) ñàïóã (pl ñàïîã¿) / ñàïîæóê (pl ñàïóæêè) (diminutive) ãðàí¿öà ïîãðàí¿÷íèê ìíå (etc.) ñêý÷íî ñêý÷íûé, ñêý÷íî ðîæäáòüñÿ (I) / ðîä¿òüñÿ (II) (ðîæýñü, ðîä¿òñÿ) è…è áóòÏëêà êîðóáêà, §ùèê áîêñ ìáëü÷èê ïáðåíü (m) ñêóáêè ìîçã ôèëèáë ñîâcéì (íóâûé) õëéáíèöà õëéáíûé îòäéë áýëî÷êà øí¿öåëü (m) (ñ-)ëîìáòü(cÿ) (I) ðàçáèâáòü (I) / ðàçá¿òü (ðàçîáüø, ðàçîáü¸øü) îáëèâáòüñÿ (I) (imp) õîëóäíûì ïóòîì çáâòðàê (ïî-)çáâòðàêàòü (I) ðàçâîä¿òü (II) (ðàçâîæý, ðàçâóäèøü) / ðàçâåñò¿ (ðàçâåäý, ðàçâåä¸øü) ìîcò (íà ìîcòý) êðáòêèé ïîðòôéëü (m) §ðêèé, ýìíûé (intelligent) àíãë¿éñêèå ôýíòû ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü, ïåðåäáñò, ïåðåäàä¿ì, ïåðåäàä¿òå, ïåðåäàäýò) ñëóìàííûé (past participle) áðîíõ¿ò ìåòëá / ìåò¸ëêà (diminutive) áðàò «Áðáòüÿ Êàðàìáçîâû» êîð¿÷íåâûé, êáðèé (eyes) (ïî-)ñòðóèòü (II) ñòðî¿òåëü (m) çäáíèå; ñòðî¿òåëüñòâî ñòðîéìàòåðèáëû ëáìïî÷êà ïåðåãîðéëà áýëî÷êà

Vocabulary

(to) boil

491

Ñëîâàðü

(to) burn business business trip on a business trip businessman busy but butter butter dish (to) buy by by accident, by chance by evening by nationality by the entrance to bye! cabbage café cage cake calcium call call (to) call (s.one) calm, calmly camcorder camera can (= to know how to) (how) can I help you? can I speak ...? can one? it can happen to anyone I can’t hear you (very) well I can’t stand it can’t be worse Canadian Canadians canal Cancer canoe canoeing trip cap (of a mushroom) Capricorn (to) captivate car car hire car race caravan cardboard careful, carefully cargo carotene car-park carpet 492

(ñ-)æå÷ü (æãó, ææ¸øü, æãóò), ïðîæèãáòü (I) / ïðîæé÷ü (ïðîæãý, ïðîææ¸øü) (past ïðîæ¸ã / ïðîæãëá etc.) äéëî äåëîâáÿ ïîéçäêà, êîìàíäèðóâêà â êîìàíäèðóâêå êîììåðñáíò çáíÿò (çàíÿòá) (past participle) íî, à (ñë¿âî÷íîå) ìáñëî ìàñë¸íêà ïîêóïáòü (I) / êóï¿òü (II) (êóïëø, êýïèøü) ïî (+ dat) ñëó÷áéíî ê âé÷åðó ïî íàöèîíáëüíîcòè ó âõóäà â (+ acc) ïîêá!, ñ÷àcòë¿âî! êàïýcòà êàôé (n) (indeclinable) êëéòêà òîðò êáëüöèé âÏçîâ ïîïðîc¿(òå) (imperative) âûçûâáòü (I) / âÏçâàòü (I) (âÏçîâó, âÏçîâåøü) (+ acc), (ïî-)çâàòü (çîâý, çîâ¸øü) (+ acc), (ïî-)çâîí¿òü (II) (+ dat) ñïîêóéíûé, ñïîêóéíî âèäåîêáìåðà ôîòîàïïàðáò (ñ-)óìéòü (I) (óìéþ, óìéåøü) ÷åì ÿ ìîãý âàì ïîìó÷ü? ìóæíî (ïîïðîc¿òü) (+ acc)...? (on the phone) ìóæíî (?) ¢òî ñî âñ§êèì ìóæåò ñëó÷¿òüñÿ âàc / òå᧠ïëóõî cëÏøíî (= ÿ âàc / òå᧠ïëóõî cëÏøó) ÿ (etc.) íå ìîãý òåðïéòü (+ acc) õýæå íéêóäà êàíáäåö (êàíáäêà), êàíáäcêèé (adjective) êàíáäöû êàíáë Ðàê áàéäáðêà ïîõóä íà áàéäáðêàõ øë§ïêà Êîçåðóã óâëåêáòü (I) / óâëé÷ü (I) (óâëåêý, óâëå÷¸øü) ìàø¿íà, àâòîìîá¿ëü (m) ïðîêáò / àðéíäà ìàø¿í àâòîãóíêà (æèëóé) àâòîïðèöéï êàðòóííûé (adjective) âíèìáòåëüíûé, îñòîðóæíûé; âíèìáòåëüíî, îñòîðóæíî ãðóç êàðîò¿í àâòîñòî§íêà êîâ¸ð S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) change

channel charm charming (to) chat chauffeur (to) check (to) check in check-out time cheerio cheese chemist cherry compote chicken child children children’s children’s programme children’s theatre China Chinese (Chinese man / woman) Chinese characters the Chinese choleric person (to) choose church cigar cigarette cigarette packet A new ab initio Russian course

àâòîìîá¿ëüíûé ðàäèîòåëåôóí âàãóí ìîðêóâü (f) íîc¿òü (II) (imp) (íîøý, íóñèøü) âûïîëí§òü(ñÿ) (I) / âÏïîëíèòü(ñÿ) (II) ìóëüòô¿ëüì ñëý÷àé; ïàäéæ (grammatical) êàccéòíèê êîò (êóøêà) ëîâ¿òü (II) (ëîâëø, ëóâèøü) / ïîéìáòü (I) óâ¿äåòü (II) (pf) (óâ¿æó, óâ¿äèøü) ñîáóð Õðàì Õðèñòá Cïàc¿òåëÿ öâåòíáÿ êàïýcòà èêðá êîìïáêòíûé äèñê / êîìïáêò-äèñê ïóãðåá ñðéäíèé, öåíòðáëüíûé âåê õëóïüÿ (pl) ñâèäéòåëüñòâî Öåéëóí öåéëóíñêèé ïéðâåíñòâî ñäá÷à, ìéëî÷ü (f); ïåðåcáäêà (of trains, buses) èçìåí§òü(ñÿ) (I) / èçìåí¿òü(ñÿ) (II); (ïî)ìåí§òü (I) (âàëøòó) (foreign currency); ïåðåêëþ÷áòü (I) / ïåðåêëþ÷¿òü (II) (channels); ïåðåñáæèâàòüñÿ (I) / ïåðåcécòü (ïåðåc§äó, ïåðåc§äåøü) íà (+ acc) (train, bus) ïðîãðáììà / ïðîãðáììêà (diminutive) îáà§íèå ïðåëéñòíûé ðàçãîâáðèâàòü (I) øîô¸ð ïðîâåð§òü (I) / ïðîâéðèòü (II) ñäàâáòü â áàãáæ (+ acc) ðàñ÷¸òíûé ÷àñ ñ÷àcòë¿âî ñûð àïòéêà âèøí¸âûé êîìïóò êýðèöà, öûïë¸íîê (pl öûïë§òà) ðåá¸íîê äéòè äéòñêèé ïåðåäá÷à äëÿ äåòéé äéòñêèé òåáòð Êèòáé êèòáåö (êèòà§íêà), êèòáécêèé (adjective) êèòáéñêèå èåðóãëèôû êèòáéöû õîëéðèê âûáèðáòü (I) / âÏáðàòü (I) (âÏáåðó, âÏáåðåøü) öéðêîâü (f) ñèãáðà ñèãàðéòà êîðóáêà èç-ïîä (+ gen) cèãàðéò

Vocabulary

carphone carriage carrots (to) carry (to) carry out, be carried out cartoon case cassette player cat (to) catch (to) catch sight of cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Saviour cauliflower caviar cd cellar central century cereal(s) certificate Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Ceylonese championship change

493

Ñëîâàðü

cinema circle circus CIS civilisation class classical music classmate (to) clean cleaning clerk clever clock (to) close cloudy, it is cloudy coat coca-cola cocoa coffee coffee beans coffee grinder cognac coin cold, it is cold coldest (to) collect collecting collection collection of works collective farm collector college (of further education) comedy comfortable comma commune Communist Party comparatively compartment (in railway carriage) (to) compel competition (to) compile (to) complain about (to) complete completely complicated composition comprehensive school computer computer centre computer game concerning concert concert hall condition

494

êèíó (n) (indeclinable) êðóæóê; àìôèòåáòð (in a theatre) öèðê ÑÍà öèâèëèçáöèÿ êëàcc; çàí§òèå (in further / higher education) êëàcc¿÷åcêàÿ ìýçûêà îäíîêëáññíèê (îäíîêëáññíèöà) (ïî-)÷¿còèòü (II) (÷¿ùó, ÷¿còèøü); óáèðáòü (I) / óáðáòü (óáåðý, óáåð¸øü) (house, flat) óáóðêà ñëýæàùèé (cëýæàùàÿ) ýìíûé ÷àcÏ (pl) çàêðûâáòü (I) / çàêðÏòü (çàêðóþ, çàêðóåøü) óáëà÷íûé, óáëà÷íî ïàëüòó (n) (indeclinable) êóêà-êóëà êàêáî (n) (indeclinable) êóôå (m) (indeclinable) ç¸ðíà êóôå êîôåìóëêà êîíü§ê ìîíéòà õîëóäíûé, õóëîäíî ñáìûé õîëóäíûé ñîáèðáòü (I) / ñîáðáòü (ñîáåðý, ñîáåð¸øü) êîëëåêöèîí¿ðîâàíèå ñîáðáíèå ñîáðáíèå ñî÷èíéíèé êîëõóç êîëëåêöèîíéð êîëëéäæ êîìéäèÿ óäóáíî çàïÿòáÿ æèëêîìýííà Êîììóíèñò¿÷åñêàÿ ïáðòèÿ ñðàâí¿òåëüíî êóïé (n) (indeclinable) ïðèíóæäáòü (I) / ïðèíýäèòü (II) (ïðèíýæó, ïðèíýäèøü) êóíêóðñ; ñîðåâîâíîâáíèå ñîñòàâë§òü (I) / ñîñòáâèòü (II) (ñîñòáâëþ, ñîñòáâèøü) (ïî-)æáëîâàòüñÿ (III) (æáëóþñü, æáëóåøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) äîâîä¿òü (II) (äîâîæý, äîâóäèøü) / äîâåcò¿ (äîâåäý, äîâåä¸øü) (äéëî äî êîíöá) ñîâåðøéííî; ñîâcéì ñëóæíûé ñîñòáâ îáùåîáðàçîâáòåëüíàÿ øêóëà êîìïüøòåð âû÷èñë¿òåëüíûé öåíòð êîìïüøòåðíàÿ èãðá êàñáþùèéñÿ (+ gen) êîíöéðò (íà êîíöéðòå) êîíöéðòíûé çàë óñëóâèå S azov (Russian from Scratch )

confectionary section confectioner conference room (to) congratulate (s.one) on (s.th.) connection consciousness consequence (to) consider, be considered consultant (to) contain container content (with) (to) continue (to) contribute (to) convenient, it is convenient conversation (to) converse (to) convey (to) cook cool (to) cool (down) cork (of bottle) corkscrew correct(ly) (to) correspond (to) (to) cost cottage cheese cough could I have two pairs country (to) go to the country country cheese countryside couple coupon courier (post) course cousin cramped (to) create creativity Crimea croissant (to) cross crossroads A new ab initio Russian course

ïîâåäéíèå ïðîâîä¿òü (II) (ïðîâîæý, ïðîâóäèøü) / ïðîâåñò¿ (ïðîâåäý, ïðîâåä¸øü) êîíä¿òåðcêèé îòäéë êîíä¿òåðcêàÿ êîíôåðåíö-çáë ïîçäðàâë§òü (I) / ïîçäðáâèòü (II) (ïîçäðáâë., ïîçäðáâèøü) (+ acc) ñ (+ instr) ñòûêóâêà cîçíáíèå ïîñëéäñòâèå, ñëéäñòâèå ó÷¿òûâàòü (I) / ó÷éñòü (ó÷òý, ó÷ò¸øü), ñ÷èòáòü (I) (imp), ñ÷èòáòü(ñÿ) (I) (imp) êîíñóëüòáíò âêëþ÷áòü (I) / âêëþ÷¿òü (II) (â cåá§) ¸ìêîñòü (f) äîâóëåí (äîâóëüíà) (+ instr) ïðîäîëæáòü(ñÿ) (I) / ïðîäóëæèòü(ñÿ) (II) (ïî-)ñïîñóáñòâîâàòü (III) (ñïîñóáñòâóþ, ñïîñóáñòâóåøü) (+ dat) óäóáíî ðàçãîâóð (ïî-)áåñéäîâàòü (III) (áåñéäóþ, áåñéäóåøü) âîç¿òü (II) (imp) (âîæý, âóçèøü) (c-)âàð¿òü (II); (ïðè-)ãîòóâèòü (II) (ãîòóâëþ, ãîòóâèøü) ïðîõëáäíûé îõëàæäáòü (I) / îõëàä¿òü (II) (îõëàæý, îõëàä¿øü) ïðóáêà øòóïîð ïðáâèëüíî ñîîòâéòñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ñîîòâéòñòâóþ, ñîîòâéòñòâóåøü) (+ dat), îòâå÷áòü (I) / îòâéòèòü (II) (îòâé÷ó, îòâéòèøü) (+ dat) ñòóèòü (II) (ñòóèò, ñòóÿò) òâóðîã êáøåëü (m) äáéòå äâå ïáðû ñòðàíá; ïðèðóäà (nature) éçäèòü (II) (imp) â äåðéâíþ äåðåâéíñêèé òâóðîã äåðéâíÿ ïáðà æåòóí êóðüéðñêàÿ ïó÷òà áëøäî; êóðñ (in education) äâîøðîäíûé áðàò, êóçéí / äâîøðîäíàÿ ñåñòðá, êóç¿íà òéñíî ñîçäàâáòü (ñîçäàø, ñîçäà¸øü) / ñîçäáòü (ñîçäáì, ñîçäáøü, ñîçäáñò, ñîçäàä¿ì, ñîçäàä¿òå, ñîçäàäýò) òâóð÷åñòâî Êðûì (â Êðûìý) ðîãáëèê ïåðåõîä¿òü (II) (ïåðåõîæý, ïåðåõóäèøü) / ïåðåéò¿ (I) (ïåðåéäý, ïåðåéä¸øü) (÷éðåç) (+ acc) ïåðåêð¸ñòîê

Vocabulary

conduct (to) conduct

495

Ñëîâàðü

crouton (to) cry cupboard currency exchange office current curriculum vitae customer customs customs officer (to) cut (to) cycle, go cycling cycling Cyprus Czech (person) Czech Republic the Czechs dacha dad dad is ... years old dad is called ... daffodil daily ration dairy products dairy products department dairy products shop damage (to) damage damp, it is damp dance(s), dancing (to) go dancing dark, it is dark dark haired (person) darling data date date of birth daughter (to) dawn day the day after tomorrow day off on (one’s) days off days of the week dear death Decembrists’ Street (to) decide declaration (form) (to) decorate decorating (to) dedicate (to) deer defence of diploma (work) (to) defend definitely delicacy

496

ãðéíêà (çà-)ïëáêàòü (ïëá÷ó, ïëá÷åøü) øêàô ïóíêò ïî îáìéíó âàëøòû íàñòî§ùèé àâòîáèîãðáôèÿ ïîêóïáòåëü (ïîêóïáòåëüíèöà) òàìóæíÿ òàìóæåííèê (íà-)ðéçàòü (ðéæó, ðéæåøü) êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà âåëîñèïéäå âåëîñïóðò Êèïð ÷åõ (÷éøêà), ÷éøcêèé (adjective) ×éõèÿ ÷éõè äá÷à ïáïà (m) ïáïå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ïáïó çîâýò ... íàðö¿ññ ñýòî÷íûé ðàöèóí ìîëó÷íûå ïðîäýêòû ìîëó÷íûé îòäéë ìîëó÷íàÿ (adjectival noun) ïîâðåæäéíèå (èñ-)ïóðòèòü (ïóð÷ó, ïóðòèøü) ñûðóé, cÏðî òáíåö (pl òáíöû) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) òáíöàìè ò¸ìíûé, òåìíó áðþíéò (áðþíéòêà) ì¿ëûé / ì¿ëåíüêèé (diminutive) äáííûå äáòà, ÷èñëó äáòà ðîæäéíèÿ äî÷ü (f) ðàññâåòáòü (I) / ðfññâåñò¿ (ðàññâåò¸ò) äåíü (m) ïîñëåçáâòðà âûõîäíóé â âûõîäíÏå äíè äíè íåäéëè äîðîãóé, ì¿ëûé / ì¿ëåíüêèé (diminutive) ã¿áåëü (f) óë. Äåêàáð¿còîâ ðåøáòü (I) / ðåø¿òü (II) äåêëàðáöèÿ (c-)äéëàòü (I) ðåìóíò; óêðàøáòü (I) / óêðáñèòü (II) (óêðáøó, óêðáñèøü) îòäéëêà ïîñâÿùáòü (I) / ïîñâÿò¿òü (II) (ïîñâÿùý, ïîñâÿò¿øü) (+ dat) îëéíü (m) çàù¿òà äèïëóìíîé ðàáóòû çàùèùáòü (I) / çàùèò¿òü (II) (çàùèùý, çàùèò¿øü) îáÿçáòåëüíî äåëèêàòéñ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

demand demise dentist (to) depart (flying) department departure departure lounge departure time descendant (to) describe description desirable, it is desirable despite the advice dessert destination (to) destroy detective (story) (to) determine (to) develop (to) develop a stoop (to) devote (to) dial diary dictation (to) die different difficult with (great) difficulty dining room dinner (to) have dinner direct (to) direct (to) dirty (to) disappear disco (to) discuss disease dish dishwasher dismissal from work (to) display dissolved gelatin distant diving division divorced (to) do do I pay you? do not worry (to) do one’s exercises (to) do one’s homework A new ab initio Russian course

ïîñòàâë§òü (I) / ïîñòáâèòü (II) (ïîñòáâëþ, ïîñòáâèøü) òðéáîâàíèå ã¿áåëü (f) çóáíóé âðà÷ âûëåòáòü (I) / âÏëåòåòü (II) (âÏëå÷ó, âÏëåòèøü) îòäéë, îòäåëéíèå îòïðàâëéíèå, âÏëåò (flying) çàë âÏëåòà âðéìÿ îòïðàâëéíèÿ ïîòóìîê îï¿ñûâàòü (I) / îïèñáòü (îïèøý, îï¿øåøü) îïèñáíèå æåëáòåëüíî âîïðåê¿ cîâéòó äåcéðò, cëáäêèå / òðéòüè áëøäà íàïðàâëéíèå ðàçðóøáòü (I) / ðàçðýøèòü (II) äåòåêò¿â, äåòåêò¿âíûé ðîìáí îïðåäåë§òü (I) / îïðåäåë¿òü (I) ðàçðàááòûâàòü / ðàçðàáóòàòü (I) (ñ-)ãóðáèòücÿ (II) (ãóðáëþñü, ãóðáèøüñÿ) ïîñâÿùàòü (I) / ïîñâÿò¿òü (II) (ïîñâÿùý, ïîñâÿò¿øü) (+ dat) íàáèðáòü (I) / íàáðáòü (íàáåðý, íàáåð¸øü) äíåâí¿ê äèêòáíò óìèðáòü (I) / óìåðéòü (óìðý, óìð¸øü) (past ýìåð / óìåðëá), ïîãèááòü (I) / ïîã¿áíóòü (ïîã¿áíó, ïîã¿áíåøü) (past ïîã¿á / ïîã¿áëà etc.) äðóãóé íåëåãêó ñ (áîëüø¿ì) òðóäóì ñòîëóâàÿ (adjectival noun) îáéä (ïî-)îáéäàòü (I) ïðÿìóé íàïðàâë§òü (I) / íàïðáâèòü (II) (íàïðáâëþ, íàïðáâèøü) (èñ-)ïá÷êàòü (I) èñ÷åçáòü (I) / èc÷éçíóòü (I) (èc÷éçíó, èc÷éçíåøü) äèñêîòéêà (íà äèñêîòéêå) îáñóæäáòü (I) / îáñóä¿òü (II) (îáñóæý, îáñýäèøü) íéäóã áëøäî ïîñóäîìóå÷íàÿ ìàø¿íà óâîëüíéíèå ñ ðàáóòû îáíàðýæèâàòü (I) / îáíàðýæèòü (II) íàáýõøèé æåëàò¿í äàë¸êèé ïðûæê¿ â âóäó îòäåëéíèå ðàçâåä¸í (ðàçâåäåíá) (past participle) (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) ïëàò¿òü âàì? íå áåcïîêóéñÿ / íå áåcïîêóéòåcü (imperative) (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) çàð§äêó (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) äîìáøíèå çàäáíèÿ

Vocabulary

(to) deliver

497

Ñëîâàðü

(to) do the gardening (to) do the ironing (to) do the washing up (to) do without do you / we / you / they have ...? does he / she have ...? do you have money on you? do you have? do you like ...? doctor document dog doll dollar domestic it’s done don’t worry double room drama school (to) draw drawing (to) dream about dress (to) get dressed dressed in drink (to) drink drinking water (to) drip driver (to) drop drop-scone drought duration during each ear(s) early (to) earn extra easier east easy, it is easy (to) eat edge education education system efficient egg egg yolk Egypt eight eight and a half eight hundred eight thousand eighteen eighty either … or … 498

çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) ñàäîâóäñòâîì (ïî-)ãëáäèòü (II) (ãëáæó, ãëáäèøü) áåëü¸ (ïî-)ìûòü (ìóþ, ìóåøü) ïîcýäó îáõîä¿òüñÿ (I) / îáîéò¿ñü (îáîéäýñü, îáîéä¸øüñÿ) áåç (+ gen) ó òå᧠/ ó íàc / ó âàc / ó íèõ (åcòü) ...? (+ nom) ó íåãó (pronounced ó íåâó) / ó íå¸ (åcòü) ...? åñòü ëè ó âàc ïðè cåáé äéíüãè? åcòü? = ó òå᧠/ âàc åcòü? òåáé / âàì íðáâèòcÿ ...? (sing), òåáé / âàì íðáâÿòcÿ ...? (pl) âðà÷; äóêòîð (title) äîêóìéíò ñîááêà / cîáà÷óíêà (diminutive) êýêëà äóëëàð äîìáøíèé ãîòóâî íå âîëíýéñÿ / íå âîëíýéòåcü äâóõìéñòíûé íóìåð òåàòðáëüíîå ó÷¿ëèùå (íà-)ðècîâáòü (III) (ðècýþ, ðècýåøü) ðèñîâáíèå (ó-)â¿äåòü (II) âî ñíå (+ acc) ïëáòüå îäåâáòüñÿ (I) / îäéòücÿ (îäéíócü, îäéíåøücÿ) îäéò (îäéòà) (past participle) â (+ acc) ïéé(òå) (imperative) ïèòü (I) (ïüþ, ïü¸øü) / âÏïèòü (I) (âÏïüþ, âÏïüåøü) ïèòüåâáÿ âîäá ïðîòåêáòü (I) / ïðîòé÷ü (ïðîòå÷¸ò, ïðîòåêýò) âîä¿òåëü (m), øîô¸ð ðîí§òü (I) / óðîí¿òü (II) îëáäüÿ (pl îëáäüè) çáñóõà äë¿òåëüíîñòü (f), ïðîäîëæ¿òåëüíîñòü (f) âî âðéìÿ (+ gen) êáæäûé ýõî (ýøè) ðáíî ïîäðàááòûâàòü (I) / ïîäðàáóòàòü (I) ëéã÷å âîñòóê (íà âîñòóêå) ë¸ãêèé, ëåãêó (ñú)åñòü (åì, åøü, åñò, åä¿ì, åä¿òå, åä§ò) êðáé (íà êðàø) îáðàçîâáíèå ñèñòéìà îáðàçîâáíèÿ äåëîâ¿òûé ÿéöó (pl §éöà) ÿ¿÷íûé æåëòóê Åã¿ïåò âócåìü âóñåìü ñ ïîëîâ¿íîé âîcåìücóò âócåìü òÏcÿ÷ âîcåìíáäöàòü âócåìüäåcÿò ¿ëè ... ¿ëè S azov (Russian from Scratch )

engine engineer England English the English Englishman (English woman) (to) be engrossed in a book (to) enjoy (to) enter entrance exam entrance hall entrance, entry environmental protection institute epidemic essay Europe evening in the evening ever every every year everybody, everyone everyone has everything everything is OK everything was delicious evidence exactly exam in physics examination period (to) examine example excellent excesses of fat exchange rate exciting excuse me exercise exercise book exercises A new ab initio Russian course

ïîæèëóé (ýëåêòð¿÷åñêàÿ) ëáìïî÷êà ýëåêòð¿÷åñêèé ýëåêòðóíèêà ýëåêòðîìîíò¸ð ñëîí îä¿ííàäöàòü îäèííàäöàòèëéòíÿÿ øêóëà óñòðàí§òü (I) / ócòðàí¿òü (II) Ïîñóëüñòâî Ðîññ¿éñêîé Ôåäåðáöèè ñëýæàùèé (cëýæàùàÿ) èìïåðàòð¿öà êîí÷áòü (I) / êóí÷èòü (II) (ïî-)òåðïéòü (òåðïëø, òéðïèøü) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) / çàí§òüñÿ (çàéìýñü, çàéì¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) ìîòóð èíæåíéð Áíãëèÿ àíãë¿éñêèé (adjective), àíãë¿éñêèé ÿçûê àíãëè÷áíå àíãëè÷áíèí (àíãëè÷áíêà) çà÷èòáòüñÿ (I) (pf) êí¿ãîé óâëåêáòüñÿ (I) / óâëé÷üñÿ (I) (óâëåêýñü, óâëå÷¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) âõîä¿òü (II) (âõîæý, âõóäèøü) / âîéò¿ (I) (âîéäý, âîéä¸øü) (past âîø¸ë, âîøëá) (â / íà + acc) âñòóï¿òåëüíûé ýêçáìåí (for higher education) ïðèõóæàÿ âõîä èíñòèòýò îõðáíû ïðèðóäû ýïèäéìèÿ ñî÷èíéíèå, ðåôåðáò Åâðóïà âé÷åð âé÷åðîì êîãäá-íèáóäü êáæäûé åæåãóäíî âñå ó êáæäîãî (åñòü), ó âñåõ (åñòü) âc¸ âc¸ â ïîð§äêå âñ¸ áÏëî ó÷åíü âêýcíî ñâèäéòåëüñòâî òó÷íî ýêçáìåí ïî (+ dat) ô¿çèêå ñéññèÿ îñìáòðèâàòü (I) / îñìîòðéòü (II); (ïî-)ùýïàòü (I) (+ acc) (by touching) ïðèìéð îòë¿÷íûé èçë¿øêè æ¿ðà êóðc çàõâáòûâàþùèé èçâèí¿(òå) (imperative) óïðàæíéíèå òåòðáäü (f) çàð§äêà

Vocabulary

elderly electric bulb electric(al) electrical appliances electrician elephant eleven eleven-year school (to) eliminate Embassy of the Russian Federation employee empress (to) end (to) endure (to) engage in

499

Ñëîâàðü

(to) exert an influence on exhibition exit expensive (to) express gratitude (to) extend eye eyebrow eyelash face the fact is that the fact that; what factory faculty faculty of languages and literature fail (in higher education) (to) fail an exam (to) faint fairness (to) fall asleep (to) fall ill (with) (to) fall in(to) / on (to) fall off family famous far far away from farewell fast fat father father is called ... favourite fax feature (to) feel (to) feel unwell feeling fencing few fiancé (fiancée) field fifteen fifty fight figure skating (to) fill fill in (to) fill in film festival final finally 500

îêáçûâàòü (I) / îêàçáòü (I) (îêàæý, îêáæåøü) âëè§íèå íà (+ acc) âÏcòàâêà (íà âÏcòàâêå) âÏõîä äîðîãóé ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü) áëàãîäáðíîñòü (f) ïðîäóëæèòü (II) (pf) ãëàç (â ãëàçý) (pl ãëàçá) áðîâü (f) ðåñí¿öà ëèöó äéëî â òîì, ÷òî òî, ÷òî çàâóä, ôááðèêà ôàêóëüòéò (íà ôàêóëüòéòå) ôèëîëîã¿÷åñêèé ôàêóëüòéò íåçà÷¸ò íå ñäàòü (pf) (ñäàì, ñäàøü, ñäàñò, ñäàä¿ì, ñäàä¿òå, ñäàäýò) ýêçáìåí, ïðîâàë¿òücÿ (II) (pf) íà ýêçáìåíå (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) cîçíáíèå ñïðàâåäë¿âîñòü (f) çàñûïáòü (I) / çàcíýòü (çàcíý, çàcí¸øü) (çà-)áîëéòü (I) (áîëéþ, áîëéåøü) (+ instr), çàáîëåâáòü (I) / çàáîëéòü (I) (çàáîëéþ, çàáîëéåøü) (+ instr) ïîïáñòü (pf) (ïîïàäý, ïîïàä¸øü) â / íà (+ acc) îïàäáòü (I) / îïáñòü (îïàäý, îïàä¸øü) ñåìü§ èçâéñòíûé, çíàìåí¿òûé äàë¸êèé äàëåêó îò (+ gen) ïðîùáëüíûé (adjective) ñêóðûé æèð îòéw îòöá çîâýò ... ëþá¿ìûé ôàêñ ÷åðòá (ïî-)÷ýâñòâîâàòü (III) (÷ýâñòâóþ, ÷ýâñòâóåøü) (cåá§) íåçäîðóâèòüñÿ (+ dat) (ìíå (etc.) íåçäîðóâèòñÿ) ÷ýâñòâî ôåõòîâáíèå ìáëî (+ gen) æåí¿õ (íåâéñòà) ïóëå (pl ïîë§) ïÿòíáäöàòü ïÿòüäåc§ò ñõâáòêà ôèãýðíîå êàòáíèå íàïîëí§òüñÿ (I) / íàïóëíèòüñÿ (II) çàïóëíè(òå) (imperative) çàïîëí§òü (I) / çàïóëíèòü (II) êèíîôåñòèâáëü (m) ïîñëéäíèé íàêîíéö S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) find out finger (to) finish finished first first (of all) first aid room first degree first floor first name fish fish department fist five five (= excellent) (mark in education) five / six o’clock five > twenty times five > twenty years five million five thousand five-year old child flakes flame flash flat flight number flood of letters floor (to) flower flower flower shop flu fluently (to) fly foal foggy, it is foggy foliage folk music folk remedies folk song (to) follow following food store foodstuffs football football review footballer for (for) a long time for breakfast / dinner / supper for five minutes for how many days? for how many minutes? for some reason (for) the last time for three days A new ab initio Russian course

íàõîä¿òü (II) (íàõîæý, íàõóäèøü) / íàéò¿ (íàéäý, íàéä¸øü) óçíàâáòü (I) (óçíàø, óçíà¸øü) / óçíáòü (I) ïáëåö (pl ïáëüöû) êîí÷áòü (I) / êóí÷èòü (II), îêáí÷èâàòü (I) / îêóí÷èòü (II) çàêóí÷åí (past participle) ïéðâûé ñíà÷áëà ïóíêò ìåäèö¿íñêîé ïóìîùè äèïëóì âòîðóé ýòáæ ¿ìÿ (n) ðÏáà ðÏáíûé îòäéë êóëáê ïÿòü ïÿò¸ðêà (= îòë¿÷íî) (â) ïÿòü / øåcòü (etc.) ÷àcóâ ïÿòü > äâáäöàòü ðàç ïÿòü > äâáäöàòü ëåò ïÿòü ìèëëèóíîâ ïÿòü òÏcÿ÷ ïÿòèëéòíèé ðåá¸íîê õëóïüÿ (pl) ïëáìÿ (n) âñïÏøêà êâàðò¿ðà ðåéc ïîòóê ï¿ñåì ïîë (íà ïîëý) öâåñò¿ (imp) (öâåòý, öâåò¸ò) öâåòóê (pl öâåòÏ) öâåòó÷íûé ìàãàç¿í ãðèïï ñâîáóäíî ëåòáòü (I) (imp) æåðåá¸íîê (pl æåðåá§òà); îñë¸íîê (pl îñë§òà) (of ass) òóìáííûé, òóìáííî ëèñòâá íàðóäíàÿ ìýçûêà íàðóäíûå ñðéäñòâà íàðóäíàÿ ïéñíÿ (ïî-)ñëéäîâàòü (III) (imp) (cëéäóþ, cëéäóåøü) ñëéäóþùèé ãàcòðîíóì ïðîäýêòû (ïèòáíèÿ) ôóòáóóë ôóòáóëüíîå îáîçðéíèå ôóòáîë¿cò (ôóòáîë¿còêà) äëÿ (+ gen); íà (+ acc); çà (+ instr) (fetch) äóëãî íà çáâòðàê / îáéä / ýæèí íà ïÿòü ìèíýò íà ñêóëüêî äíéé? íà cêóëüêî ìèíýò? ïî÷åìý-òî, ïî÷åìý-íèáóäü â ïîñëéäíèé ðàç íà òðè äíÿ

Vocabulary

(to) find

501

Ñëîâàðü

for Wednesday for young people for your use there are … (to) force foregoing forehead foreign foreign language foreign languages faculty foreign literature foreigner is foreseen forest (to) forget forgive (me) fork (to) form, be formed former forty (to) found fountain four four (= good) (mark in education) four children four million four thousand fourteen fourth fox foyer France frankfurter free, it is free freight Frenchman (French woman) French the French fresh (to) freshen up Friday fried fried eggs friend (to) be friends with friendly from from ... until ... from a great height from behind from England from far off from Friday to Sunday (up and including Sunday) from time to time from tomorrow frontier 502

íà (+ acc) cðéäó ìîëîä¸æíûé ê âáøèì óñëýãàì èìéþòñÿ ... ïðèíóæäáòü (I) / ïðèíýäèòü (II) (ïðèíýæó, ïðèíýäèøü) âûøåóêáçàííûé (past participle) ëîá (íà ëáý) çàðóáéæíûé, èíîñòðáííûé èíîñòðáííûé ÿçÏê èí§ç (ôàêóëüòéò èíîcòðáííûõ ÿçûêóâ) çàðóáéæíàÿ ëèòåðàòýðà èíîñòðáíåö (èíîcòðáíêà) ïðåäóñìóòðåí (past participle) ëåc (â ëåcý) çàáûâáòü (I) / çàáÏòü (çàáýäó, çàáýäåøü) ïðîcò¿(òå) (imperative) â¿ëêà (ñ-)ôîðìèðîâáòü(ñÿ) (III) (ôîðìèðýþ, ôîðìèðýåøü) áÏâøèé ñóðîê îñíóâûâàòü (I) / îñíîâáòü (III) (îñíýþ, îñíýåøü) ôîíòáí ÷åòÏðå ÷åòâ¸ðêà (= õîðîøó) ÷éòâåðî äåòéé ÷åòÏðå ìèëëèóíà ÷åòÏðå òÏcÿ÷è ÷åòÏðíàäöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòûé ëèñá ôîéé (n) (indeclinable) Ôðáíöèÿ ñîc¿cêà ñâîáóäíûé, ñâîáóäíî ãðóç ôðàíöýç (ôðàíöýæåíêà) ôðàíöýçcêèé (adjective) ôðàíöýçû ñâéæèé îñâåæáòü (I) / îcâåæ¿òü (II) ï§òíèöà æáðåíûé ÿ¿÷íèöà äðóã (pl äðóçü§); çíàêóìûé (çíàêóìàÿ) (adjectival noun) (ñ-)äðóæ¿òü (II) ñ (+ instr) äðóæåëøáíûé èç (+ gen); îò (+ gen); ñ / ñî (+ gen) ñ / ñî (+ gen) … äî … (+ gen) ñ áîëüøóé âûñîòÏ ñçáäè (+ gen); èç-çá (+ gen) èç Áíãëèè èçäàëåêá ñ ï§òíèöû (etc.) … ïî (+ acc) âîñêðåñéíüå (etc.) âðéìÿ îò âðéìåíè ñ çáâòðàøíåãî äíÿ ãðàí¿öà S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) get better (to) get dressed (to) get off (to) get on with (to) get ready (to) (to) get to (on foot)

(to) get up gin girl girlfriend (to) give (to) give regards (to) (to) give up (literally: throw) A new ab initio Russian course

ìîðóçíûé, ìîðóçíî ïéííûé ôðýêòû ïÿòíó îò ôðýêòîâ / âèíá ìàðìåëáä êèñéëü (m) (ôðóêòóâûé) éóãóðò âûïîëí§òü (I) / âÏïîëíèòü (II) ïóëíûé æ¿ðíàÿ ñìåòáíà ïóëíûå ãýáû òó÷êà îñíóâû (pl) ìåõîâóé äáëüøå ïî (+ dat) áóëåå òîãó, âäîááâîê, êðóìå òîãó, ñâåðõ òîãó áýäóùàÿ æåíá ïðèñïîñîáëéíèå ãàðáæ ñàä (â càäý), ñàäóâûé (adjective) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) ñàäîâóäñòâîì ãàðí¿ð âõîä ñîáèðáòü (I) / ñîáðáòü (ñîáåðý, ñîáåð¸øü) ÁëèçíåöÏ ïîë óáùèé ñâèäéòåëüñòâî îá îáðàçîâáíèè óáùåå ÿçûêîçíáíèå æàíð ãåóëîã ãåîìéòðèÿ íéìåö (íéìêà), íåìéöêèé (adjective) íéìöû Ãåðìáíèÿ äîñòàâáòü (äîñòàø, äîñòà¸øü) / äîñòáòü (äîñòáíó, äîñòáíåøü) âûçäîðáâëèâàòü (I) / âÏçäîðîâåòü (I) (âÏçäîðîâåþ, âÏçäîðîâååøü) îäåâáòüñÿ (I) / îäéòücÿ (îäéíócü, îäéíåøücÿ) ñîéò¿ ñ (pf) (ñîéäý, ñîéä¸øü) ñ (+ gen) îòíîñ¿òüñÿ (II) (îòíîøýñü, îòíóñèøüñÿ) / îòíåñò¿ñü (îòíåñýñü, îòíåñ¸øüñÿ) ê (+ dat) ñîáèðáòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðáòüñÿ (ñîáåðýñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ) ïðîéò¿ (pf) (ïðîéäý, ïðîéä¸øü) ê (+ dat), ïîïáñòü (pf) (ïîïàäý, ïîïàä¸øü) â / íà (+ acc), äîåçæáòü (I) / äîéõàòü (äîéäó, äîéäåøü) äî (+ gen) (by transport) âñòàâáòü (âñòàø, âñòà¸øü) / âñòàòü (âñòáíó, âñòáíåøü) äæèí äéâóøêà ïîäðýãà äàâáòü (äàø, äà¸øü) / äàòü (äàì, äàøü, äàñò, äàä¿ì, äàä¿òå, äàäýò), (ïî-)äàð¿òü (II) (a present) ïåðåäàâáòü (ïåðåäàø, ïåðåäà¸øü) / ïåðåäáòü (ïåðåäáì, ïåðåäáøü) ïðèâéò (+ dat) áðîñáòü (I) / áðóñèòü (II) (áðîøý, áðóñèøü)

Vocabulary

frosty, it is frosty frothy fruit fruit / wine stain fruit jellies fruit jelly fruit yoghurt (to) fulfil full full fat sour cream full lips full-stop fundamentals fur further along furthermore future wife gadget garage garden (to) do the gardening garnish gate (to) gather Gemini gender general general certificate of education general linguistics genre geologist geometry German the Germans Germany (to) get (obtain)

503

Ñëîâàðü

glad to make your acquaintance Glasgow glass glass cleaner glasses (to) gleam glove (to) (be)go(ing) (unidirectional) (to) go (frequentative, multi-directional) go (by transport) go along the street (to) go bathing (to) go to bed (to) go for a stroll (to) go on holiday (to) go out of fashion (to) go shopping (to) go skating (to) go skiing (to) go through (to) go to (college etc.)

goat golden good good afternoon good for one’s health good morning good night good spirits good, (it is) good goodbye goods Gostiny Dvor (to) grab grade gradually graduate (to) graduate grammar school granddaughter grandfather grandfather is called ... grandmother grandmother is called ... grandson grapefruit juice grass grateful (to) grease Great Britain 504

ðáä(à) c âáìè ïîçíàêóìèòücÿ Ãëáçãî (indeclinable) ñòåêëó; ñòàêáí (for drinking) ñòåêëîî÷èñò¿òåëü (m) î÷ê¿ ñâåò¿òü(ñÿ)(II) (imp) (ñâå÷ý, ñâéòèøü) ïåð÷áòêà (ïî-)éõàòü (I) (éäó, éäåøü) (by transport), èäò¿ (èäý, èä¸øü) / ïîéò¿ (ïîéäý, ïîéä¸øü) (past ø¸ë, øëá) (on foot) éçäèòü (II) (imp) (éçæó, éçäèøü) (by transport), õîä¿òü (II) (imp) (õîæý, õóäèøü) (on foot), ñúéçäèòü (II) (pf) (ñúéçæó, ñúéçäèøü) ïîåçæáé(òå) (imperative) èä¿(òå) (imperative) ïî ýëèöå êóïáòüñÿ (I) (imp) ëîæ¿òüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ë§ãó, ë§æåøü) ñïàòü (ïî-)ãóë§òü (I) éçäèòü (II) (imp) â óòïóñê, îòäûõáòü (I) / îòäîõíýòü (I) (îòäîõíý, îòäîõí¸øü) âÏéòè (I) (pf) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) èç ìóäû õîä¿òü (II) çà ïîêýïêàìè êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà êîíüêáõ êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà ëÏæàõ ïðîõîä¿òü (II) (ïðîõîæý, ïðîõóäèøü) / ïðîéò¿ (I) (ïðîéäý, ïðîéä¸øü) ïî (+ dat) ïîñòóïáòü (I) / ïîñòóï¿òü (II) (ïîñòóïëø, ïîñòýïèøü) â (+ acc), (íà-)ó÷¿òüñÿ (II) (ó÷ýcü, ý÷èøücÿ) â (+ prep) êîç¸ë (êîçá) çîëîòóé õîðóøèé äóáðûé äåíü ïîëéçíî äëÿ çäîðóâüÿ äóáðîå ýòðî ñïîêóéíîé íó÷è áóäðîñòü (f) õîðóøèé, õîðîøó äî câèäáíèÿ òîâáðû Ãîñò¿íûé Äâîð cõâáòûâàòü (I) / ñõâàò¿òü (II) (ñõâà÷ý, ñõâáòèøü) îòìéòêà, îöéíêà ïîñòåïéííî âûïóñêí¿ê (âûïóñêí¿öà) çàêóí÷èòü (II) (pf) ãèìíáçèÿ âíý÷êà äéäóøêà (m) äéäóøêó çîâýò … áááóøêà áááóøêó çîâýò ... âíóê ãðééïôðóòîâûé cîê òðàâá ïðèçíáòåëåí / ïðèçíáòåëüíà ñìáçûâàòü (I) / ñìáçàòü (ñìáæó, ñìáæåøü), (íà-)ìáçàòü (ìáæó, ìáæåøü) Âåëèêîáðèòáíèÿ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Greece green green onions (to) greet (s.one) grey grip ground floor (to) grow (to) grow (up) (intransitive) guest gun shot gym gymnast hairdresser hair-drier half half a kilo half fat halibut hall of residence hand hand operated (to) hang

hanger it happens happiness happy happy (with) hard hard boiled hard currency hard-working harm has; he, she (etc.) has in haste hat hat-box have; I, you (etc.) have (to) have (to) have a word (to) have at hand (to) have breakfast (to) have dinner, lunch (to) have in mind (to) have supper (to) have tea

A new ab initio Russian course

ïðáâíó÷êà ïðáäåä ïðàáááóøêà ïðáâíóê Âåë¿êàÿ Îêò§áðüñêàÿ Ñîöèàëèñò¿÷åñêàÿ ðåâîëøöèÿ Ãðéöèÿ çåë¸íûé, çéëåíî çåë¸íûé ëóê (ïî-)çäîðóâàòüñÿ (I) ñ (+ instr) ñéðûé, ñåäóé (hair only) ñàêâî§æ ïéðâûé ýòáæ âûðáùèâàòü (I) / âÏðàñòèòü (II) (âÏðàùó, âÏðàñòèøü) ðàcò¿ (ðàcòý, ðàcò¸øü) / âÏðàcòè (âÏðàcòó, âÏðàcòåøü) (past ðîñ / ðîñëá; âÏðîñ / âÏðîñëà) ãîñòü (m) (ãóñòüÿ) âÏcòðåë òðåíàæ¸ðíûé çàë ãèìíácò (ãèìíácòêà) ïàðèêìáõåðñêàÿ ôåí äëÿ âîëóñ ïîëîâ¿íà ïîëêèëó ïîëóæ¿ðíûé ïáëòóñ îáùåæ¿òèå ðóêá ðó÷íóé âèñéòü (II) (imp) (âèøý, âèñ¿øü) (be hanging), âéøàòü (I) / ïîâéñèòü (II) (ïîâéøó, ïîâéñèøü) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) (s.th. s.where) âéøàëêà áûâáåò ñ÷ácòüå âécåëî äîâóëåí (äîâóëüíà) (+ instr) òÿæ¸ëûé âêðóòýþ (adverb) âàëøòà òðóäîëþá¿âûé ïîâðåæäéíèå ó (+ gen) â ñïéøêå øáïêà êàðòóíêà ó (+ gen) èìéòü (I) (imp) (èìéþ, èìéåøü) ïîãîâîð¿òü (II) (pf) èìéòü (I) ïîä ðóêóé (ïî-)çáâòðàêàòü (I) (ïî-)îáéäàòü (I) èìéòü (I) â âèäý (ïî-)ýæèíàòü (I) (ïî-)÷à¸âíè÷àòü (I)

Vocabulary

great granddaughter great grandfather great grandmother great grandson Great October Socialist Revolution

505

Ñëîâàðü

I (etc.) have to ... he / it he / it has … he is called … head head post office headgear healthy (to) hear heart Heart of a Dog (to) heat heavy height (to) be held hello help with the help (of) (to) help hem her here here (is / are) here and there hereditary Hermitage heroine of motherhood he’s (etc.) just turned sixty (to) hesitate hi (to) hide high high quality higher educational establishment (to) go hiking his history hobby (to) hold holiday (to) go on holiday Holland Holy Spring at home home economics homework honey honeymoon (to) hoover hope (to) hope hormone 506

ìíå (etc.) íýæíî (+ infinitive), ìíå (etc.) ïðåäcòî¿ò (+ infinitive), ìíå (etc.) íáäî (+infinitive), ìíå (etc.) ïðèõóäèòcÿ (+infinitive) îí (m) ó íåãó (pronounced ó íåâó) (åcòü) ... (+ nom) åãó çîâýò ... ãîëîâá ïî÷òáìò ãîëîâíóé óáóð çäîðóâûé (ó-)ñëÏøàòü (ñëÏøó, ñëÏøèøü) ñéðäöå «Ñîáá÷üå ñéðäöå» (íà-)ãðåòü (I) (ãðéþ, ãðéåøü) òÿæ¸ëûé âûñîòá; ðîñò ïðîâîä¿òüñÿ (I) / ïðîâåñò¿ñü (ïðîâåä¸òñÿ, ïðîâåäýòñÿ) çäðáâcòâóé / çäðáâcòâóéòå; àëëó! (on the phone) ïóìîùü (f) ïðè ïóìîùè (+ gen) ïîìîãáòü (I) / ïîìó÷ü (ïîìîãý, ïîìóæåøü) (+ dat) ïîäóë å¸ çäåcü âîò êóå-ãäå íàñëéäñòâåííûé Ýðìèòáæ ìàòü-ãåðî¿íÿ åìý (etc.) èñïóëíèëîñü øåñòüäåñ§ò (ïî-)êîëåááòücÿ (êîëéáëþcü, êîëéáëåøücÿ) ïðèâéò (ñ-)ïð§òàòü (ïð§÷ó, ïð§÷åøü) âûñóêèé, ïîâÏøåííûé (past participle) âûcîêîêá÷åcòâåííûé âóç (= âÏcøåå ó÷éáíîå çàâåäéíèå) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) òóð¿çìîì / õîä¿òü (II) (õîæý, õóäèøü) â ïîõóä åãó (pronounced åâó) èñòóðèÿ óâëå÷éíèå, õóááè (n) (indeclinable) äåðæáòü (II) (imp) (äåðæý, äéðæèøü) óòïóñê (â óòïóñêå) éçäèòü (II) (imp) â óòïóñê, îòäûõáòü (I) / îòäîõíýòü (I) (îòäîõíý, îòäîõí¸øü) Ãîëëáíäèÿ Ñâÿòóé Èñòó÷íèê äóìà äîìîâóäñòâî äîìáøíåå çàäáíèå (pl äîìáøíèå çàäáíèÿ) ì¸ä ìåäóâûé ìécÿö (ïðî-)ïûëåcócèòü (II) (ïûëåcóøó, ïûëåcóñèøü) íàäéæäà íàäéÿòüñÿ (I) (imp) (íàäéþñü, íàäéåøüñÿ) ãîðìóí S azov (Russian from Scratch )

I am ... year(s) old I (etc.) do not / cannot believe that ... I (etc.) do not have … I (etc.) don’t feel like going to ... I (etc.) don’t mind I have (etc.) ... I have one brother, two / three / four brothers; I have one sister, two / three / four sisters I have two / three / four children I (etc.) would like to … i.e. ice if if necessary (to) be ill (with) ill (person), patient (to) imagine immune system impatient importer (to) improve A new ab initio Russian course

ëóøàäü (f) êóííûé ñïîðò áîëüí¿öà ãîð§÷àÿ âîäá ãîð§÷èé, æáðêèé, æáðêî íóìåð (pl íîìåðá) äîì (pl äîìá) öâåòóê (pl öâåòÏ) ïëàâý÷èé äîì äîìáøíèå äåëá äîìáøíÿÿ õîç§éêà îòêýäà òû çíáåøü / âû çíáåòå ...? êàê ïî-àíãë¿écêè ...? / ïî-ðýccêè ...? êàê äóëãî? ñêóëüêî äíéé? ñêóëüêî ðàç â / âî ... (+ acc) ? ñêóëüêî (+ gen)? ñêóëüêî ñòóèò / ñòóÿò ...? ñêóëüêî òåáé / âàì ëåò? íàñêóëüêî ñ¿ëüíî êàê(?) îäíáêî êàê (òâî¿ / âáøè) äåëá?; êàê ïîæèâáåòå? ñòî áåã ñ áàðüéðàìè íà ñòî ìéòðîâ ñòî ìèëëèóíîâ ñòî òÏcÿ÷ ãóëîäåí (ãîëîäíá) îõóòíèê (ïî-)cïåø¿òü (II) áóëüíî ÿ ÿ áýäó, òû áýäåøü, îí / îíá áýäåò, ìû áýäåì, âû áýäåòå, îí¿ áýäóò ìíå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ìíå (etc.) íå âéðèòcÿ, ÷òî ... ó ìåí§ (etc.) íåò … (+ gen) ìíå (etc.) íå äî (+ gen) ìíå (etc.) âc¸ ðàâíó ó ìåí§ (åcòü) (etc.)... (+ nom) ó ìåí§ îä¿í áðàò, ó ìåí§ äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå áðáòà; ó ìåí§ îäíá cåcòðá, ó ìåí§ äâå / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ñåñòðÏ ó ìåí§ äâóå / òðóå / ÷éòâåðî äåòéé ÿ (etc.) õîòéë(à) áû (+ infinitive), (ÿ) áû õîòéë(à) (+ infinitive) òî åcòü ë¸ä (íà ëüäý) éñëè ïðè íåîáõîä¿ìîñòè (çà-)áîëéòü (I) (áîëéþ, áîëéåøü) (+ instr) áîëüíóé (áîëüíáÿ) (adjectival noun) ïðåäñòàâë§òü (I) / ïðåäñòáâèòü (II) ïðåäñòáâëþ, ïðåäñòáâèøü) èììýííàÿ cècòéìà íåòåðïåë¿âûé èìïîðò¸ð óëó÷øáòü (I) / óëý÷øèòü (II)

Vocabulary

horse horse riding hospital hot water hot, (it is) hot hotel room house house plant houseboat household chores housewife how do you know …? how do you say ... in English? / in Russian? how long? how many days? how many times per...? how much / many? how much do(es) … cost? how old are you? how strong how(?), as however how’s things (with you)? hundred hundred metres hurdles hundred million hundred thousand hungry hunter (to) hurry up it hurts I I, you, he / she, we, you, they will be

507

Ñëîâàðü

in in a row in a word in addition in advance in an hour in case of cancellation in fact in front of in honour of in my opinion in one’s head in one’s spare time in one’s youth in order in order (to) in Russian it is ... in spite of in such circumstances in that case in the course (of) incidentally inclined to (to) include including indelible independent India Indian Indians (to) indicate (to) inform (to) inherit inherited instead of institute instruction insurance policy intellectual abilities (to) be interested (in) interesting, it is interesting (to) interfere internal international internet interpreter (to) introduce investigation invitation (to) invite Ireland Irishman (Irish woman) Irish the Irish iron (to) do the ironing 508

â / âî (+ prep), ÷éðåç (+ acc) (a period of time) ïîäð§ä îäí¿ì cëóâîì áóëåå òîãó, âäîááâîê, êðóìå òîãó, ñâåðõ òîãó çàðáíåå ÷éðåç ÷àc ïðè îòìéíå ðáçâå ïéðåä (+ instr) â ÷åñòü (+ gen) ïî ìîåìý ìíéíèþ / ïî-ìóåìó â óìé (â) ñâîáóäíîå âðéìÿ â ìóëîäîñòè â ïîð§äêå ÷òóáû ¢òî ïî-ðýccêè ... âîïðåê¿ (+ dat) ïðè òàê¿õ îácòî§òåëücòâàõ â òàêóì cëý÷àå; ÷òî æ â òå÷éíèå (+ gen) êñòáòè ñêëóííûé ê (+ dat) âêëþ÷áòü (I) (imp) â òîì ÷èñëé íåèçãëàä¿ìûé íåçàâ¿ñèìûé ¡íäèÿ èíä¿åö (èíäèáíêà), èíä¿écêèé (adjective) èíä¿éöû óêáçûâàòü (I) / óêàçáòü (óêàæý, óêáæåøü) ñîîáùáòü (I) / cîîáù¿òü (II) (ó-)íàñëéäîâàòü (III) (íàñëéäóþ, íàñëéäóåøü) íàñëéäñòâåííûé âìéñòî (+ gen) èícòèòýò îáó÷éíèå ñòðàõîâóé ïóëèñ èíòåëëåêòóáëüíûå ñïîñóáíîñòè (çà-)èíòåðåñîâáòüñÿ (III) (èíòåðåñýþñü, èíòåðåñýåøüñÿ) (+ instr) èíòåðécíûé, èíòåðécíî âìéøèâàòüñÿ (I) / âìåøáòücÿ (I) âíýòðåííèé ìåæäóíàðóäíûé èíòåðíéò, èíòåðíéòîâñêèé (adjective) ïåðåâóä÷èê (ïåðåâóä÷èöà) ïðåäñòàâë§òü (I) / ïðåäñòáâèòü (II) (ïðåäñòáâëþ, ïðåäñòáâèøü) èññëéäîâàíèå ïðèãëàøéíèå ïðèãëàøáòü (I) / ïðèãëàñ¿òü (ïðèãëàøý, ïðèãëàñ¿øü) Èðëáíäèÿ èðëáíäåö (èðëáíäêà) èðëáíäcêèé (adjective) èðëáíäöû óòøã (ïî-)ãëáäèòü (II) (ãëáæó, ãëáäèøü) áåëü¸ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

issued it it is, this is / they are, these are Italian Italians Italy Ivan the Great Izvestiya = News (daily paper) jacket jam Japan Japanese man (Japanese woman) Japanese the Japanese jar jazz (to) joke journal journalism journalist journey joy joyously juice junior school just just like it is / they are just right (on me) (etc.) just like one’s granny Just You Wait! Kazan Cathedral (to) be keen on (to) keep (to) keep an eye on s.one’s belongings (to) be kept kettle key key to your room kid kindergarten kiosk kiss kitchen knife (to) knit knock (to) knock over (to) know to know how to knowledge of kopeck Krokodil = Crocodile (satirical magazine) A new ab initio Russian course

âûäàâáòü (âûäàø, âûäà¸øü) / âÏäàòü (âÏäàì, âÏäàøü, âÏäàñò, âÏäàäèì, âÏäàäèòå, âÏäàäóò) âÏäàí (past participle) îíó (n) ¢òî èòàëü§íåö (èòàëü§íêà), èòàëü§ícêèé (adjective) èòàëü§íöû Èòáëèÿ Èâáí Âåë¿êèé «Èçâécòèÿ» ïèäæáê, êýðòêà (man’s) âàðéíüå ßïóíèÿ ÿïóíåö (ÿïóíêà) ÿïóícêèé (adjective) ÿïóíöû ááíêà äæàç (ïî-)øóò¿òü (II) (øó÷ý, øýòèøü) æóðíáë æóðíàë¿ñòèêà æóðíàë¿cò (æóðíàë¿còêà) ïðóåçä ðáäîñòü (f) ðáäîñòíî ñîê íà÷áëüíàÿ øêóëà òóëüêî; òóëüêî ÷òî, êàê ðàç òàê æå, êàê (îí, îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) êàê ðàç âåñü â áááó «Íó, ïîãîä¿!» (TV programme) Êàçáíñêèé ñîáóð óâëåêáòüñÿ (I) / óâëé÷üñÿ (I) (óâëåêýñü, óâëå÷¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) ñîäåðæáòü (II) (imp) (ñîäåðæý, ñîäéðæèøü); õðàí¿òü (II) (imp) ïðèñìáòðèâàòü (I) / ïðècìîòðéòü (II) (ïðèñìîòðø, ïðècìóòðèøü) çà âåùáìè õðàí¿òüñÿ (II) (imp) ÷áéíèê êëþ÷ (pl êëþ÷¿) êëþ÷ îò âáøåãî íóìåðà êîçë¸íîê (pl êîçë§òà) äéòñêèé ñàä êèócê ïîöåëýé êýõíÿ íîæ (ñ-)âÿçáòü (I) (âÿæý, â§æåøü) (ïî-)ñòó÷áòü (II) (ñòó÷ý, ñòó÷¿øü) îïðîê¿äûâàòü (I) / îïðîê¿íóòü (I) (îïðîê¿íó, îïðîê¿íåøü) çíàòü (I) (imp) (ñ-)óìéòü (I) (óìéþ, óìéåøü) çíáíèÿ (pl) ïî (+ dat) êîïééêà «Êðîêîä¿ë»

Vocabulary

(to) issue

509

Ñëîâàðü

labour instruction Labour Street lad lads lady lamp language language practice large large housing estate (administrative unit) (to) last last (for) the last time last week last year (to) be late for Latin (to) laugh (to) laugh loudly law (to) lay (s.th. s.where) (to) lay the table (to) lead to defeat, failure leader leaf (to) leak (to) learn learned leather (to) leave leave (holiday) (to) leave for lecture lecturer left on / from the left on / to the left leg lemon lemonade length length of stay Leo leptin less lesson (to) let (s.one) know in advance (to) let go let me introduce you (literally: get know each other) (to) let pass let’s go let’s meet

510

òðóäîâóå îáó÷éíèå óë. Òðóäá ïáðåíü (m) ðåá§òà äáìà ëáìïà ÿçÏê ÿçûêîâáÿ ïðáêòèêà êðýïíûé ìèêðîðàéóí ïðîäîëæáòüñÿ (I) / ïðîäóëæèòüñÿ (II) ïîñëéäíèé; ïðóøëûé â ïîñëéäíèé ðàç íà ïðóøëîé íåäéëå â ïðóøëîì ãîäý îïáçäûâàòü (I) / îïîçäáòü (I) â / íà (+ acc) ëàò¿íñêèé ÿçÏê (ðàñ-)ñìå§òüñÿ (ñìåøñü, ñìå¸øüñÿ) (çà-)õîõîòáòü (õîõî÷ý, õîõó÷åøü) ïðáâî êëàñòü (êëàäý, êëàä¸øü) / ïîëîæ¿òü (II) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) íàêðûâáòü (I) / íàêðÏòü (íàêðóþ, íàêðóåøü) íà còîë ïðèâåñò¿ (pf) (ïðèâåäý, ïðèâåä¸øü) ê ïîðàæéíèþ ðóêîâîä¿òåëü (ðóêîâîä¿òåëüíèöà) ëèñò (pl ë¿ñòüÿ) ïðîòåêáòü (I) / ïðîòé÷ü (ïðîòå÷¸ò, ïðîòåêýò) (âÏ-)ó÷¿òü (II), îáó÷áòüñÿ (I) / îáó÷¿òüñÿ (II) çíáþùèé êóæàíûé âÏõîäèòü (II) (âûõîæý, âûõóäèøü) / âÏéòè (I) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) èç (+ gen) óòïóñê (â óòïóñêå) îòïðàâë§òüñÿ (I) / îòïðáâèòücÿ (II) (îòïðáâëþñü, îòïðáâèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) ëéêöèÿ ïðåïîäàâáòåëü (ïðåïîäàâáòåëüíèöà); äîêëáä÷èê ëéâûé ñëéâà íàëéâî íîãá / íóæêà (diminutive) ëèìóí ëèìîíáä äëèíá; ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü (f) ñðîê ïðîæèâáíèÿ Ëåâ ëåïò¿í ìéíüøå óðóê ïðåäóïðåæäáòü (I) / ïðåäóïðåä¿òü (II) (ïðåäóïðåæý, ïðåäóïðåä¿ò) ïóñêáòü (I) /ïóñò¿òü (II) (ïóùý, ïýñòèøü) ïîçíàêóìüòåcü (imperative) ïðîïóñêáòü (I) / ïðîïóñò¿òü (II) (ïðîïóùý, ïðîïýñòèøü) ïîøë¿ (colloquial) äàâáé(òå) âcòðéòèìcÿ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

lighter (to) like I like (etc.) … do you like ...? likewise lily of the valley line lining lion lips liquid list (to) listen (to) listening (comprehension) literary work literature Lithuania Lithuanian little little child(ren) little free time little thing (to) live liver loads of free time local local train location (to) loll around (for) a long time he (etc.) is not so lonely long distance call look look (to) look we (etc.) look alike (to) look after (to) look out of (to) look out of the window (to) look through A new ab initio Russian course

ïècüìó (pl ï¿cüìà) ñàëáò ýðîâåíü (m) ÂåñÏ áèáëèîòéêà ëèçáòü (I) (imp) (ëèæý, ë¿æåøü) ëåæáòü (II) (imp) (ëåæý, ëåæ¿øü) ë§ã(òå) (imperative) ëîæ¿òüñÿ (II) / ëå÷ü (ë§ãó, ë§æåøü) ëèôò ëáìïà, ñâåò ë¸ãêèé (adjective) ðýñûé ýcòðáäíàÿ ìýçûêà îñâåùáòü (I) / îñâåò¿òü (II) (îñâåùý, îñâåò¿øü) ëéã÷å ëþá¿òü (II) (imp) (ëþáëø, ëøáèøü) ìíå (etc.) íðáâèòcÿ ... (+ sing), ìíå (etc.) íðáâÿòcÿ ... (+ pl) òåáé / âàì íðáâèòcÿ ...? (sing), òåáé / âàì íðáâÿòcÿ ...? (pl) (à) òáêæå ëáíäûø ë¿íèÿ; ñòðó÷êà (diminutive) ïîäêëáäêà ëåâ ãóáá (pl ãýáû) æ¿äêîñòü (f) ñï¿ñîê (ïî-)ñëýøàòü (I) àóä¿ðîâàíèå ñî÷èíéíèå ëèòåðàòýðà Ëèòâá ëèòóâñêèé, ëèòóâåö (ëèòóâêà) ìáëî (+ gen) ìàëÏø (ìàëÏøêà) /ìàëûø¿ ìáëî ñâîáóäíîãî âðéìåíè ìéëî÷ü (f) æèòü (imp) (æèâý, æèâ¸øü) ïé÷åíü (f) ìáññà ñâîáóäíîãî âðéìåíè ìéñòíûé ýëåêòð¿÷êà ìéñòî íàõîæäéíèÿ (ïî-)âàë§òüñÿ (I) äóëãî åìý (etc.) íå òàê îäèíóêî ìåæäóãîðóäíûé òåëåôóí ïîcìîòð¿(òå) (imperative) âçãëÿä âÏãëÿäåòü (II) (imp) (âÏãëÿæó, âÏãëÿäèøü) ìû (etc.) âíéøíå ïîõóæè ñëåä¿òü (II) (imp) (ñëåæý, ñëåä¿øü) çà (+instr) âûãë§äûâàòü (I) / âÏãëÿíóòü (I) (âÏãëÿíó, âÏãëÿíåøü) èç (+ gen) ñìîòðéòü (II) â îêíó ïðîñìáòðèâàòü (I) / ïðîñìîòðéòü (II) (ïðîñìîòðø, ïðîñìóòðèøü)

Vocabulary

letter lettuce level Libra library (to) lick (to) lie (= be lying) lie down (to) lie down lift light light light brown (hair) light music (to) light up

511

Ñëîâàðü

(to) look under the bed (to) lose (to) lose count lost property office lots (of), a lot (of) louder lounge Louvre love (to) love loving low the lower …, the less … luck luggage lump lunch lunch break lycée machinist / machine engineer Madame magazine main main course mains mains operated (to) maintain (to) make (to) make a camp fire (to) make it in time (for) male nurse Maly (Small) Theatre man (to) manage I (etc.) managed to ... many many people map map of the metro maple mark (to) mark (to) be marked out market marmalade marriage married (to) marry, get married mashed potatoes mass masterpiece match mathematics matrioshka (Russian doll)

512

çàãë§äûâàòü (I) (imp) ïîä êðîâáòü (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) (ïî-)òåð§òü (I) c÷¸ò ñòîë íàõóäîê ìíóãî (+ gen) ãðóì÷å ãîcò¿íàÿ Ëóâð ëþáóâü (f) ëþá¿òü (II) (imp) (ëþáëø, ëøáèøü) ëþá§ùèé í¿çêèé ÷åì í¿æå, òåì ìéíüøå óäá÷à áàãáæ êóñó÷åê îáéä ïåðåðÏâ íà îáéä ëèöéé ìàøèí¿cò ìàäáì æóðíáë ãëáâíûé âòîðóå áëøäî ýëåêòðîñéòü (f) ðàáóòàòü (I) îò cåò¿ (literally: to work from the network) ïîääéðæèâàòü (I) / ïîääåðæáòü (II) (ïîääåðæý, ïîääéðæèøü) (ñ-)äéëàòü (I) ðàçâîä¿òü (ðàçâîæý, ðàçâóäèøü) / ðàçâåñò¿ (ðàçâåäý, ðàçâåä¸øü) êîñò¸ð óñïåâáòü (I) / ócïéòü (ócïéþ, ócïéåøü) (íà + acc) ìåäáðáò Ìáëûé òåáòð ìóæ÷¿íà óñïåâáòü (I) / ócïéòü (ócïéþ, ócïéåøü) ìíå (etc.) óäàëóñü (+ infinitive) íàìíóãî (= ãîðáçäî) (before comparatives) ìíóãèå êáðòà ñõéìà ìåòðó êë¸í îöéíêà, îòìéòêà ïðîâåð§òü (I) / ïðîâéðèòü (II) âûäåë§òüñÿ (I) / âÏäåëèòüñÿ (II) áàçáð, ðÏíîê äæåì áðàê æåíáò (of a man), çáìóæåì (of a woman) æåí¿òüñÿ (II) íà (+ prep) (of a man) / âÏéòè (I) (âÏéäó, âÏéäåøü) çáìóæ çà (+ acc) (of a woman) êàðòóôåëüíîå ïþðé (n) (indeclinable) ìáññà øåäéâð ìàò÷ ïî (+ dat) ìàòåìáòèêà ìàòð¸øêà S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) meet (up) meeting (to) melt member (to) memorize memory menu The Merry Widow metro Metropole midday middle in the middle middle (comprehensive) school midnight milk milk chocolate Millennium Dome million dollars minus miracle mirror misfortune (to) miss Miss (used of English speakers) (to) make a mistake mitten (to) mix in mobile (phone) model model airplane modern monastery Monday monk Monsieur month monument moon more (than) more often more or less more seriously A new ab initio Russian course

äéëî íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó) ìóæåò áûòü ëóã (íà ëóãý) åäá (sing) çíá÷èòü (II) (imp), îçíà÷áòü (I) (imp) èçìåð§òü (I) / èçìéðèòü (II) (+ acc) ì§co ìÿcíóé îòäéë ìåäèö¿íñêèé ôàêóëüòéò ëåêáðñòâî, ìåäèö¿íà âcòðå÷áòü (I) / âñòðéòèòü (II) (âñòðé÷ó, âñòðéòèøü) âñòðå÷áòüñÿ (I) / âñòðéòèòüñÿ (II), ñîáèðáòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðáòüñÿ (ñîáåðýñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ) ñîáðáíèå (ðàñ-)òáÿòü (I) (òáþ, òáåøü) ÷ëåí çàïîìèíáòü (I) / çàïóìíèòü (II) ïáìÿòü (f) ìåíø (n) (indeclinable) «Âåñ¸ëàÿ âäîâá» ìåòðó (n) (indeclinable), ìåòðîïîëèòéí Ìåòðîïóëü (m) (â) ïóëäåíü (m) cåðåä¿íà, ñðéäíèé (adjective) ïîñåðåä¿íå (+ gen) ñðéäíÿÿ (îáùåîáðàçîâáòåëüíàÿ) øêóëà (â) ïóëíî÷ü (f) ìîëîêó ìîëó÷íûé øîêîëáä Êýïîë Ìèëëéíèóìà ìèëëèóí äóëëàðîâ ì¿íóc ÷ýäî (pl ÷óäåcá) çéðêàëî áåäá ïðîïóñêáòü (I) / ïðîïóñò¿òü (II) (ïðîïóùý, ïðîïýñòèøü); (ïî-)ñêó÷áòü (I) äðóã ïî äðýãó (each other) ìècc îøèááòüñÿ (I) / îøèá¿òüñÿ (II) (îøèáýñü, îøèá¸øüñÿ) âáðåæêà âìéøèâàòü (I) / âìåøáòü (I) ìîá¿ëüíèê ìîäéëü (f) ìîäéëü (f) ñàìîë¸òà ñîâðåìéííûé ìîíàñòÏðü (m) ïîíåäéëüíèê ìîíáõ ì(å)ñüå ìéñÿö ïáìÿòíèê (+ dat) ëóíá áóëüøå (÷åì) ÷áùå áóëåå ¿ëè ìéíåå ñåðü¸çíåé

Vocabulary

matter it doesn’t matter maybe meadow meal / meals (to) mean (to) measure meat meat department medical faculty medicine (to) meet

513

Ñëîâàðü

moreover morning in the morning morphology Moscow Moscow State University Moscow time (is ...) most likely most of all mother mother is called ... mother tongue mould mouse moustache mouth (to) move (to) Mr (Russian title) Mrs (Russian title) much much more / better muesli mum mum is ... years old mum is called ... muscle Muscovite mushroom music musical musical comedy I (etc.) must ... it must be admitted (to) mutter my my brother(s) is / are called ... my name is ... my sister(s) is / are called ... myself, yourself (etc.) name named after (to) narrate narrow national nationality what nationality are you? natural nature near nearest necessary it is necessary it will be necessary (to) I (etc.) need ... needle

514

áóëåå òîãó, âäîááâîê, êðóìå òîãó, ñâåðõ òîãó ýòðî ýòðîì ìîðôîëóãèÿ ìîcêóâcêèé (adjective) Ìîñêóâñêèé ãîñóäáðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòéò Ìîcêóâcêîå âðéìÿ (...) ñêîðéå âñåãó áóëüøå âcåãó / âñåõ ìàòü (f) ... ìáìó / ìàòü çîâýò ... ðîäíóé ÿçÏê ôóðòî÷êà ìûøü (f) óñÏ ðîò (âî ðòý) ïåðååçæáòü (I) / ïåðåéõàòü (ïåðåéäó, ïåðåéäåøü), ïåðåñåë§òüñÿ (I) / ïåðåñåë¿òüñÿ (II) â (+ acc) ãîcïîä¿í, ì¿còåð (used of English speakers) ãîcïîæá, ì¿ccèc (used of English speakers) íàìíóãî, ãîðáçäî (before comparatives) ãîðáçäî áóëüøå / ëý÷øå ìøcëè (n) (indeclinable) ìáìà ìáìå ... ãîä / ãóäà / ëåò ... ìáìó / ìàòü çîâýò ... ìÏøöà ìîñêâ¿÷ (ìîñêâ¿÷êà) ãðèá ìýçûêà ìóçûêáëüíûé âîäåâ¿ëü (m) ìíå (etc.) íáäî (+ infinitive), ìíå (etc.) ïðèõóäèòcÿ (+ infinitive) íáäî ïðèçíáòüñÿ (ïðî-)áîðìîòáòü (áîðìî÷ý, áîðìó÷åøü) ìîé (m), ìî§ (f), ìî¸ (n), ìî¿ (pl) (ìîåãó) áðáòà / (ìî¿õ) áðáòüåâ çîâýò ... ìåí§ çîâýò ... (ìîø) ñåcòðý / (ìî¿õ) cåcò¸ð çîâýò ... ñàì (m), càìá (f), càìó (n), cáìè (pl) ¿ìÿ, íàèìåíîâáíèå ¿ì(åíè) (+ gen), â ÷åñòü (+ gen) ðàññêáçûâàòü (I) / ðàññêàçáòü (I) (ðàññêàæý, ðàññêáæåøü) ýçêèé íàðóäíûé íàöèîíáëüíîcòü (f) êòî òû / âû ïî íàöèîíáëüíîcòè? ïðèðóäíûé ïðèðóäà óêîëî (+ gen) áëèæáéøèé íýæíûé íåîáõîä¿ìî (+ dat) íáäî áýäåò ìíå (etc.) íýæåí (+ m), íóæíá (+ f), íóæíó (+ n), íóæíÏ (+ pl) … èãóëêà S azov (Russian from Scratch )

novel now nowhere number (to) number numismatics (collection or study of coins etc.) nurse nursery school nut The Nutcracker oat porridge observation (to) obtain of course off (to) offer office A new ab initio Russian course

ñîñéä (ñîñéäêà) íè ... íè ... (íå) ïëåì§ííèê íéðâíè÷àòü (I) (imp) íèêîãäá (íå) íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó) âñ¸-òàê¿ Íéâñêèé Ïàëáñ Íéâñêèé ïðîñïéêò íóâûé ìîëîäáÿ êàðòóøêà óë. Íîâîc¸ëîâ «Íóâûé ìèð» íîâîãóäíÿÿ îòêðÏòêà ãàçéòà íà ñëéäóþùèé äåíü íàì áýäåò âåñåëéå ïëåì§ííèöà íî÷ü (f) íó÷üþ «Íî÷íóé ýêñïðéññ» íîëü = íóëü äéâÿòü äéâÿòü òÏcÿ÷ äåâÿòíáäöàòü äåâÿíócòî íåò; íèêàêóé (íå) óæé íå íèêòó (íå) íèêòó (íå) íîðìáëüíûé, íîðìáëüíî ñéâåð (íà ñéâåðå) íîc (íà íîcý) íå íèêàêóé (íå) cîâcéì íå åù¸ íå(ò) äíåâí¿ê íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó) (íå) çàìå÷áòü (I) / çàìéòèòü (II) (çàìå÷ý, çàìéòèøü) ðîìáí cåé÷ác, òåïéðü íèãäé (íå) (location), íèêóäá (íå) (movement) íóìåð, ¹; ÷èñëó; êîë¿÷åñòâî (ïðî-)íóìåðîâáòü (III) (íóìåðýþ, íóìåðýåøü) íóìèçìáòèêà ìåäcåcòðá äéòñêèé ñàä îðéõ «Ùåëêýí÷èê» îâc§íàÿ êáøà íàáëþäéíèå äîñòàâáòü (äîñòàø, äîñòà¸øü) / äîñòáòü (äîñòáíó, äîñòáíåøü) êîíé÷íî (pronounced êîíéøíî) ñ / cî (+ gen) ïðåäëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäëîæ¿òü (II) êàíöåë§ðèÿ

Vocabulary

neighbour neither … nor … nephew (to) be nervous never never mind nevertheless Nevsky Palace (hotel) Nevsky Prospekt (main street in St. Petersburg) new new potatoes New Setttlers’ Street The New World New Year card newspaper next day that will be nice for us niece night at night Night Express nil nine nine thousand nineteen ninety no no longer nobody noone normal, normally north nose not not a single not at all not yet notebook nothing (to) notice

515

Ñëîâàðü

often Ogonyok = (Small) Fire (journal) oh dear (oh god) oil oil firm OK old old man olden times older than one’s age older, oldest Olympiad Olympic Games omelette on on behalf (of) on business on foot on Saturdays on the move on the radio on the television on time on what date? once one one (= very poor) (mark in education) one and a half hour class one can one million one more one o’clock one thousand one’s own only opaque (to) open open(-air) operation operetta opposite or orange orange juice orange-cap boletus (type of mushroom) (to) order order ordinary organizing committee original Othello I (etc.) ought to ... our outside outstanding ambition oven over over forty over sixty

516

÷ácòî «Îãîí¸ê» ãóñïîäè / áóæå ìîé ìáñëî íåôòÿíáÿ ô¿ðìà íè÷åãó (pronounced íè÷åâó), íîðìáëüíî ñòáðûé ñòáðåö ñòàðèíá ñòáðøå ñâîåãó âóçðàñòà ñòáðøèé îëèìïèáäà îëèìï¿éñêèå ¿ãðû îìëéò íà (+ prep) îò ¿ìåíè (+ gen) ïî äåëáì ïåøêóì ïî ñóááóòàì íà õîäý ïî (+ acc) ðáäèî ïî (+ acc) òåëåâ¿çîðó âóâðåìÿ êàêóãî ÷èñëá? êîãäá-òî; îäíáæäû; êáê-òî ðàç; ðàç îä¿í (m), îäíá (f), îäíó (n), îäí¿ (pl); ðàç åäèí¿öà (= ó÷åíü ïëóõî) ïáðà ìóæíî (?) îä¿í ìèëëèóí åù¸ îä¿í (m), îäíá (f), îäíó (n), îäí¿ (pl) (â) ÷àñ îäíá òÏcÿ÷à ñâóé (etc.) ëèøü, òóëüêî íåïðîçðá÷íûé îòêðûâáòü(ñÿ) (I) / îòêðÏòü(ñÿ) (îòêðóþ, îòêðóåøü) îòêðÏòûé îïåðáöèÿ îïåðéòòà íàïðóòèâ (+ gen) ¿ëè àïåëüñ¿í àïåëüñ¿íîâûé ñoê ïîäîñ¿íîâèê çàêáçûâàòü (I) / çàêàçáòü (çàêàæý, çàêáæåøü) çàêáç; ïîð§äîê îáûêíîâéííûé îðãêîìèòéò îðèãèíáëüíûé «Îòéëëî» ìíå (etc.) cëéäóåò (+ infinitive) íàø (m), íáøà (f), íáøå (n), íáøè (pl) íà ýëèöå çàâéòíàÿ öåëü (f) ïå÷ü (f) íàä (+ instr), çà (+ acc) (a period) çà ñóðîê øåcòüäåc§ò ñ ÷éì-òî S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) overturn (to) pack package packet pain painkiller paint (to) paint pair Palace Square pale (to) go pale pancake paper parcel parents park parrot parsley part participant participation parting (to) pass pass (to) pass an exam passenger aircraft passer-by passport passport control the past past patronymic (to) pay (to) pay (back) peace peace of mind peaceful, peacefully peach pear peculiarity pedagogical institute pedestrian subway pediatrician (to) peel pen pencil pension people A new ab initio Russian course

óáùèé ïáñìóðíûé ïðîñûïáòü (I) / ïðîcïáòü (II) (ïðîcïëø, ïðîcï¿øü) îïðîê¿äûâàòü (I) / îïðîê¿íóòü (I) (îïðîê¿íó, îïðîê¿íåøü) óïàêóâûâàòü (I) / óïàêîâáòü (III) (óïàêýþ, óïàêýåøü) ñâ¸ðòîê ïá÷êà áîëü (f) àíàëüã¿í êðáñêà (ïî-)êðáñèòü (II) (êðáøó, êðáñèøü), ðàñêðáøèâàòü (I) / ðàñêðáñèòü (II) (ðàñêðáøó, ðàñêðáñèøü) ïáðà Äâîðöóâàÿ ïëóùàäü áëéäíûé (ïî-)áëåäíéòü (I) (áëåäíéþ, áëåäíéåøü) áëèí / áë¿í÷èê (diminutive) ðåôåðáò ïîñÏëêà ðîä¿òåëè (no singular) ïàðê ïîïóãáé ïåòðýøêà ÷àcòü (f) ó÷áñòíèê (ó÷áñòíèöà) ó÷áñòèå â (+ prep) ïðîùáëüíûé (adjective) ïðîåçæáòü (I) (imp) (by transport) çà÷¸ò ñäàòü (pf) (ñäàì, ñäàøü, ñäàñò, ñäàä¿ì, ñäàä¿òå, ñäàäýò) ýêçáìåí, ïîëó÷¿òü (II) çà÷¸ò (in higher education) àâèàëáéíåð ïðîõóæèé ïácïîðò (pl ïàcïîðòá) ïácïîðòíûé êîíòðóëü ïðóøëîå (adjectival noun) ïðóøëûé óò÷åcòâî (çà-)ïëàò¿òü (II) (ïëà÷ý, ïëáòèøü) îïëá÷èâàòü (I) / îïëàò¿òü (II) (îïëà÷ý, îïëáòèøü) ìèð ñïîêóéñòâèå ñïîêóéíûé, ñïîêóéíî ïéðñèê ãðýøà îñóáåííîñòü (f) ïåäèíñòèòýò (= ïåäàãîã¿÷åcêèé èícòèòýò) ïîäçéìíûé ïåðåõóä äéòñêèé âðà÷ (ïî-)÷¿còèòü (II) (÷¿ùó, ÷¿còèøü) ðý÷êà êàðàíäáø (pl êàðàíäàø¿) ïéíñèÿ ëøäè

Vocabulary

overall overcast (to) oversleep

517

Ñëîâàðü

pepper (to) perceive percent perfectionist (to) perform performance (in the theatre) performer perhaps period (to) perish without permission person in the same group personality pet pharmacist phenomenon philology (language and literature) philosophy phlegmatic phonetics photocopy photocorrespondent photograph, photography photostudio physical education physical map physics piano (to) pick (to) pick up points picture piece piece of advice pillow pilot pineapple juice (to) pink (of an engine) Pisces it’s / that’s a pity place place of birth place of work plan plane plant (to) plant plastic plate platform play (to) play (to) play (to) play up 518

ïéðåö âîñïðèíèìáòü (I) / âîñïðèí§òü (âîñïðèìý, âîñïð¿ìåøü) ïðîöéíò âçûñêáòåëüíûé âûñòóïáòü (I) / âÏñòóïèòü (II) (âÏñòóïëþ, âÏñòóïèøü); èñïîëí§òü (I) / èñïóëíèòü (II) ñïåêòáêëü (m) èñïîëí¿òåëü (èñïîëí¿òåëüíèöà) ìóæåò áûòü ïåð¿îä ïîãèááòü (I) / ïîã¿áíóòü (ïîã¿áíó, ïîã¿áíåøü) (past ïîã¿á / ïîã¿áëà etc.) áåç ñïðóñà îäíîãðýïïíèê (îäíîãðýïïíèöà) õàðáêòåð æèâóòíîå àïòéêà ôåíîìéí ôèëîëóãèÿ ôèëîñóôèÿ ôëåãìàò¿÷íûé ôîíéòèêà ôîòîêóïèÿ ôîòîêîððåñïîíäéíò (ôîòîêîððåñïîíäéíòêà) ôîòîãðáôèÿ ôîòîàòåëüé (n) (indeclinable) ôèçêóëüòýðà (= ôèç¿÷åcêàÿ êóëüòýðà) ãåîãðàô¿÷åñêàÿ êáðòà ô¿çèêà ïèàí¿íî (n) (indeclinable) ñîáèðáòü (I) / ñîáðáòü (ñîáåðý, ñîáåð¸øü) íàáèðáòü (I) / íàáðáòü (íàáåðý, íàáåð¸øü) î÷ê¿ êàðò¿íà / êàðò¿íêà (diminutive) êóñó÷åê ñîâéò ïîäýøêà ë¸ò÷èê àíàíáñíûé ñîê áàðàõë¿òü (II) (imp) ÐÏáû æàëü ìécòî (pl ìåcòá) ìéñòî ðîæäéíèÿ ìéñòî ðàáóòû ïðîéêò ñàìîë¸ò ðàñòéíèå ñàæáòü (I) / ïîñàä¿òü (II) (ïîñàæý, ïîñáäèøü) ïëàñòìáññà òàðéëêà ïëàòôóðìà ïüéñà èãðáòü (I) / ñûãðáòü (I), (ïî-)ãóë§òü (I) (of children) èãðáòü (I) â (+ acc) (game, sport), èãðáòü (I) íà (+ prep) (instrument) êàïð¿çíè÷àòü (I) (imp) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

plum plumber plus pocket poem Poland policeman (to) polish politics pond pony poor, poorly pop music (to) pop to the shop porridge port portable phone porter portion position possibly, it is possible post post office postgraduate postgraduate studies poultice pound (sterling) (to) pour power powerful practically pragmatics (to) praise Pravda (newspaper) (to) pray (to) prefer I (etc.) prefer premature premiere (to) prepare (to) prepare (oneself) for (to) prepare (to) present present (to) present (to) preserve, (be) preserve(d) previously print printed letter A new ab initio Russian course

ïðè§òíûé ïîæáëóécòà ó÷åíü ïðè§òíî ñ óäîâóëüñòâèåì âêëþ÷áòü (I) / âêëþ÷¿òü (II) (â ðîçéòêó / â ýëåêòðîcéòü) ñë¿âà ñàíòéõíèê ïëþc êàðìáí ñòèõîòâîðéíèå Ïóëüøà ìèëèöèîíéð (îò-)ïîëèðîâáòü (III) (ïîëèðýþ, ïîëèðýåøü) ïîë¿òèêà ïðóä (â ïðóäý) ïóíè (n) (indeclinable) ïëîõóé, ïëóõî ïîï-ìýçûêà ñõîä¿òü (II) (imp) (cõîæý, cõóäèøü) â ìàãàç¿í êáøà ïîðò (â ïîðòý) ïîðòàò¿âíûé òåëåôóí íîc¿ëüùèê; øâåéöáð ïóðöèÿ äóëæíîñòü (f) âîçìóæíî ïîcò (íà ïîcòý) ïó÷òà (íà ïó÷òå) àñïèðáíò (àñïèðáíòêà) àñïèðàíòýðà ïðèïáðêà (àíãë¿éñêèé) ôóíò ñÏïàòü (imp) (cÏïëþ, cÏïëåøü) âëàñòü (f) ìóùíûé ïðàêò¿÷åñêè ïðàãìáòèêà (ïî-)õâàë¿òü (II) «Ïðáâäà» (ïî-)ìîë¿òücÿ (II) ïðåäïî÷èòáòü (I) / ïåäïî÷écòü (ïðåäïî÷òý, ïðåäïî÷ò¸øü) ÿ (etc.) áóëüøå ëþáëø ïðåæäåâðéìåííûé ïðåìüéðà (ïðè-)ãîòóâèòü (II) (ãîòóâëþ, ãîòóâèøü) (ïîä-)ãîòóâèòüñÿ (II) (ãîòóâëþñü, ãîòóâèøüñÿ) ê (+ dat) ñîáèðáòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðáòüñÿ (ñîáåðýñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ) íàñòî§ùèé (adjective) ïîäáðîê ïðåäñòàâë§òü (I) / ïðåäñòáâèòü (II) (ïðåäñòáâëþ, ïðåäñòáâèøü) õðàí¿òü (II) (imp), ñîõðàí§òü(ñÿ) (I) / ñîõðàí¿òü(ñÿ) (II) ðáíüøå ïå÷áòü (f) ïå÷áòíàÿ áýêâà

Vocabulary

pleasant please pleased to meet you (literally: very pleasant) with pleasure (to) plug in (a socket / the mains)

519

Ñëîâàðü

printer private private trip probably procedure (to) produce, be produced

(to) produce an impression on (s.one) production what is your profession? professional technical school programme project projector (to) promise (to) propose (to) prove (to) provide information psychologist pub public garden public telephone (to) publish published piece (to) punish puppy purpose (to) put (s.th. s.where)

(to) put in order (to) put on weight quality quantity (to) be in question questionnaire quick, quickly quicker, more quickly quieter rabbit race radiator radio Radio Moscow speaking railway railway station rain it is raining 520

ïð¿íòåð ÷ácòíûé ë¿÷íàÿ ïîéçäêà íàâéðíî(å) ïðîöåäýðà ïðîèçâîä¿òü(ñÿ) (II) (ïðîèçâîæý, ïðîèçâóäèøü) / ïðîèçâåñò¿(ñü) (ïðîèçâåäý, ïðîèçâåä¸øü); ïðåäúÿâë§òü (I) / ïðåäúÿâ¿òü (ïðåäúÿâëø, ïðåäú§âèøü); âûðááàòûâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / âÏðàáîòàòü(ñÿ) (I) ïðîèçâîä¿òü (II) / ïðîèçâåñò¿ (ïðîèçâåäý, ïðîèçâåä¸øü) âïå÷àòëéíèå íà (+ acc) âÏðàáîòêà êòî òû / âû ïî ïðîôéccèè? ÏÒÓ (= ïðîôåccèîíáëüíî-òåõí¿÷åcêîå ó÷¿ëèùå) ïðîãðáììà / ïðîãðáììêà (diminutive), ïåðåäá÷à (on television and radio) ïðîéêò; êóðñîâáÿ ðàáóòà (in education) ïðîéêòîð (ïî-)îáåùáòü (I) ïðåäëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäëîæ¿òü (II) äîêáçûâàòü (I) / äîêàçáòü (I) (äîêàæý, äîêáæåøü) ñîîáùáòü (I) / ñîîáù¿òü (II) ñâéäåíèÿ ïñèõóëîã ïàá ñêâåð òåëåôóí-àâòîìáò èçäàâáòü (èçäàø, èçäà¸øü) / èçäáòü (èçäáì, èçäáøü, èçäáñò, èçäàä¿ì, èçäàä¿òå, èçäàäýò) ïóáëèêáöèÿ íàêáçûâàòü (I) / íàêàçáòü (I) (íàêàæý, íàêáæåøü) ùåíóê öåëü (f) (ïî-)ñòáâèòü (II) (ñòáâëþ, ñòáâèøü) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) (in an upright position), êëàñòü (êëàäý, êëàä¸øü) / ïîëîæ¿òü (II) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc) (to lay) ïðèâîä¿òü (ïðèâîæý, ïðèâóäèøü) / ïðèâåcò¿ (ïðèâåäý, ïðèâåä¸øü) â ïîð§äîê ïîïðàâë§òüñÿ (I) / ïîïðáâèòücÿ (II) (ïîïðáâëþñü, ïîïðáâèøüñÿ) êá÷åñòâî êîë¿÷åñòâî íàõîä¿òüñÿ (II) ïîä ñîìíéíèåì àíêéòà áÏñòðûé, áÏñòðî áûñòðéå ò¿øå êðóëèê ãóíêà ðàäèáòîð ðáäèî (n) (indeclinable) ãîâîð¿ò Ðáäèî Ìîcêâá æåëéçíàÿ äîðóãà âîêçáë äîæäü (m) èä¸ò äîæäü (m) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) read (to) get ready (to) real really reason (to) recall receipt (to) receive received recently reception receptionist (to) recognize recommended (to) reconcile (to) record record-player (to) recover (from) red red channel refrigerator reggae (to) register registry office (to) regulate (to) rehabilitate (to) relate (to) relate to relations (to) relax released reliable religion, religious studies (to) remain remarkable remedy (to) remember (to) remind (to) remove renowned (to) be renowned for A new ab initio Russian course

äîæäë¿âûé ðéäêèé äîåçæáòü (I) / äîéõàòü (äîéäó, äîéäåøü) äî (+ gen) (ïðî-)÷èòáòü (I) ñîáèðáòüñÿ (I) / ñîáðáòüñÿ (ñîáåðýñü, ñîáåð¸øüñÿ) íàñòî§ùèé ðáçâå ïðè÷¿íà âñïîìèíáòü (I) / âñïóìíèòü (II) êâèòáíöèÿ ïîëó÷áòü (I) / ïîëó÷¿òü (II) (ïîëó÷ý, ïîëý÷èøü) ïîëý÷åííûé (past participle) íåäáâíî ïðè¸ì àäìèíèñòðáòîð óçíàâáòü (I) (óçíàø, óçíà¸øü) / óçíáòü (I), ïðèçíàâáòü (ïðèçíàø, ïðèçíà¸øü) / ïðèçíáòü (I) ðåêîìåíäýåìûé (past participle) ïðèìèð§òü (I) / ïðèìèð¿òü (II) çàï¿ñûâàòü (I) / çàïècáòü (çàïèøý, çàï¿øåøü) ïðî¿ãðûâàòåëü (m) ïåðåáîëéòü (I) (pf) (ïåðåáîëéþ, ïåðåáîëéåøü) (+ instr) êðácíûé êðácíûé êîðèäóð õîëîä¿ëüíèê ðéããè îôîðìë§òü (I) / îôóðìèòü (II) (îôóðìëþ, îôóðìèøü) çàãc ðåãóë¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp) (ðåãóë¿ðóþ, ðåãóë¿ðóåøü) ðåàáèëèò¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp) (ðåàáèëèò¿ðóþ, ðåàáèëèò¿ðóåøü) ðàññêáçûâàòü (I) / ðàññêàçáòü (I) (ðàññêàæý, ðàññêáæåøü) îòíîñ¿òüñÿ (II) (îòíîøýñü, îòíóñèøüñÿ) / îòíåñò¿ñü (îòíåñýñü, îòíåñ¸øüñÿ) ê (+ dat) îòíîøéíèÿ (pl) îòäûõáòü (I) / îòäîõíýòü (I) (îòäîõíý, îòäîõí¸øü) çàïýùåííûé (past participle) íàä¸æíûé, îáñòî§òåëüíûé ðåë¿ãèÿ îñòàâáòüñÿ (îñòàøñü, îñòà¸øüñÿ) / îñòáòüñÿ (îñòáíóñü, îñòáíåøüñÿ) çàìå÷áòåëüíûé ñðéäñòâî âñïîìèíáòü (I) / âñïóìíèòü (II), ïóìíèòü (II) (imp), çàïîìèíáòü (I) / çàïóìíèòü (II) íàïîìèíáòü (I) / íàïóìíèòü (II) óäàë§òü (I) / óäàë¿òü (II) âåë¿êèé ñëáâèòüñÿ (II) (imp) (ñëáâëþñü, ñëáâèøüñÿ) (+ instr)

Vocabulary

rainy rare (to) reach (by transport)

521

Ñëîâàðü

(to) rent a flat (to) repair repair(s) (to) repeat (to) replace (oneself) (to) reply (to) report representative reproductive system (to) request request rescue team research (work) resident resourceful respectful responsible (to) rest restaurant restless (to) restore result (to) return (to) reveal (to) revise revolver (to) re-write rice pudding right on / from the right on / to the right that’s right you (etc.) are right rights ring (to) ring (to) rinse one’s mouth (to) risk (sth.) roast beef rock and roll rock music cd role rose rouble roughly route (from / to) row rowing royal rude gesture rudeness (to) ruin rule

522

ñíèìáòü (I) (imp) êâàðò¿ðó (ïî-)÷èí¿òü (II) ðåìóíò ïîâòîð§òü (I) / ïîâòîð¿òü (II) çàìåí§òü (I) / çàìåí¿òü (II) (cîáóé) îòâå÷áòü (I) / îòâéòèòü (II) (îòâé÷ó, îòâéòèøü) (+ dat) îò÷¸ò ïðåäñòàâ¿òåëü (ïðåäñòàâ¿òåëüíèöà) ðåïðîäóêò¿âíàÿ ñèñòéìà (ïî-)ïðîñ¿òü (II) (ïðîøý, ïðócèøü) ïðóñüáà ñïàñáòåëüíàÿ êîìáíäà èññëéäîâàíèå, èññëéäîâàòåëüñêàÿ ðàáóòà æ¿òåëü (æ¿òåëüíèöà) íàõóä÷èâûé óâàæ¿òåëüíûé îòâéòñòâåííûé îòäûõáòü (I) / îòäîõíýòü (I) (îòäîõíý, îòäîõí¸øü) ðåñòîðáí íåóñ¿ä÷èâûé âîññòàíáâëèâàòü (I) / âîññòàíîâ¿òü (II) (âîññòàíîâëø, âîññòàíóâèøü) ðåçóëüòáò âîçâðàùáòüñÿ (I) / âåðíýòüñÿ (I) (âåðíýñü, âåðí¸øüñÿ) îáíàðýæèâàòü (I) / îáíàðýæèòü (II) ïîâòîð§òü (I) / ïîâòîð¿òü (II) ðåâîëüâéð ïåðåï¿ñûâàòü (I) / ïåðåïèñáòü (ïåðåïèøý, ïåðåï¿øåøü) ðècîâáÿ êáøà ïðáâûé ñïðáâà íàïðáâî âéðíî òû (etc.) ïðàâ(á) / âû (etc.) ïðáâû ïðáâî êîëüöó (ïî-)çâîí¿òü (II) (+ dat) ïðîïîëáñêèâàòü (I) / ïðîïîëîñêáòü (ïðîïîëîùý, ïðîïîëóùåøü) ðîò ðèñêîâáòü (III) (imp) (ðèñêýþ, ðèñêýåøü) (+ instr) ðóñòáèô ðîê-í-ðóëë êîìïáêò-äèñê ñ ðîê-ìýçûêîé ðîëü (f) ðóçà ðóáëü (m) ïðèìéðíî ìàðøðýò (îò / äî + gen) ðÿä ãðéáëÿ êîðîëéâñêèé ô¿ãà ãðýáîñòü (f) (èñ-)ïóðòèòü (II) (ïóð÷ó, ïóðòèøü) ïðáâèëî S azov (Russian from Scratch )

running Russia Russian the Russians Russian names (to) rustle sad safe safety Sagittarius sailor salary sale(s) the same (as), the same sort (of) the same of the same hight samovar (type of Russian tea urn) sanguine person satellite TV Saturday sauna (to) say (to) say hello to (s.one) school school pupil school timetable school with extended Russian school with in-depth study (of) schoolchild school-leaving certificate scientist scissors Scorpio Scotland (to) scratch (to) scream (with fright) scuba diving sea The Seagull (play by Chekhov) sea-roach season seat second second floor second-hand book secretariat secretary section (to) see see you tomorrow it seems (to me (etc.) that ...) A new ab initio Russian course

ëèíééêà ïåðåáåãáòü (I) / ïåðåáåæáòü (ïåðåáåãý, ïåðåáåæ¿øü) áåã Ðîcc¿ÿ ðýccêèé (ðýccêàÿ), ðýccêèé (adjective), ðýccêèé ÿçÏê (language) ðýccêèå ðýccêèå èìåíá øåëåñòéòü (I) (imp) (øåëåñò¿ò, øåëåñò§ò) ãðýcòíûé, ïå÷áëüíûé áåçîïáñíûé áåçîïáñíîñòü (f) Ñòðåëéö ìîð§ê çàðïëáòà ñáûò òàêóé æå òîò æå cáìûé (m), òà æå cáìàÿ (f), òî æå cáìîå (n), òå æå cáìûå (pl) îäíîãó ðóñòà ñàìîâáð ñàíãâ¿íèê ñïýòíèêîâîå òåëåâ¿äåíèå ñóááóòà ñáóíà ãîâîð¿òü (II) / ñêàçáòü (I) (ñêàæý, ñêáæåøü) (ïî-)çäîðîâáòüñÿ (I) ñ (+ instr) øêóëà ó÷åí¿ê (ó÷åí¿öà), øêóëüíèê (øêóëüíèöà) øêóëüíîå ðàñïèñáíèå (øêóëà) c ðàcø¿ðåííûì èçó÷éíèåì ðýccêîãî ÿçûêá øêóëà ñ óãëóáë¸ííûì èçó÷éíèåì (+ gen) øêóëüíèê (øêóëüíèöà) àòòåñòáò çðéëîñòè ó÷¸íûé (adjectival noun) íóæíèöû (pl) Ñêîðïèóí Øîòëáíäèÿ (î-)öàðáïàòü (I), (ïî-)÷åcáòü (÷åøý, ÷éøåøü) (çà-)êðè÷áòü (II) (êðè÷ý, êðè÷¿øü) (îò ýæàcà) ïîäâóäíîå ïëáâàíèå ìóðå (pl ìîð§) «×áéêà» òàðáíü (f) âðéìÿ ãóäà ìécòî (pl ìåcòá), ñèäéíüå âòîðóé òðéòèé ýòáæ àíòèêâáðíàÿ êí¿ãà ñåêðåòàðèáò ñåêðåòáðøà, ñåêðåòáðü (m) (of organization, society etc.) îòäåëéíèå; ñéêòîð (ó-)â¿äåòü (II) (â¿æó, â¿äèøü); ïðèíèìáòü (I) / ïðèí§òü (I) (ïðèìý, ïð¿ìåøü) (patients) äî çáâòðà! (ìíå (etc.) êáæåòcÿ (, ÷òî ...)

Vocabulary

ruler (to) run across

523

Ñëîâàðü

it seems that (to) sell (be sold) semantics semolina (to) send

sensitive sentence separate serial, series serpent-bearer (Biblical) (to) serve service (to) set off for I (etc.) set off settee seven seven thousand seventeen seventy severely (to) sew in sex (to) shake (s.one’s) hand (to) shave she / it she / it has … she is called ... she-bear shelf (to) shine ship shoe shooting shop shopkeeper shopper (to) go shopping shore short short story shorts shoulder (to) shout (to) show show (me) shower showing (of a film) 524

ïîõóæå, ÷òî ïðîäàâáòü(cÿ) (ïðîäàø, ïðîäà¸øü) / ïðîäáòü(cÿ) (ïðîäáì, ïðîäáøü, ïðîäáñò, ïðîäàä¿ì, ïðîäàä¿òå, ïðîäàäýò) ñåìáíòèêà ìáííàÿ êáøà îòïðàâë§òü (I) / îòïðáâèòü (II) (îòïðáâëþ, îòïðáâèøü), ïîñûëáòü (I) / ïîñëáòü (ïîøëø, ïîøë¸øü), ïðèñûëáòü (I) / ïðèñëáòü (I) (ïðèøëø, ïðèøë¸øü) ÷óâñòâ¿òåëüíûé ïðèãîâóð îòäéëüíûé ñéðèÿ íåñýùèé çìéÿ ïîäàâáòü (ïîäàø, ïîäà¸øü) / ïîäáòü (ïîäáì, ïîäáøü, ïîäáñò, ïîäàä¿ì, ïîäàä¿òå, ïîäàäýò) îáñëýæèâàíèå îòïðàâë§òüñÿ (I) / îòïðáâèòücÿ (II) (îòïðáâëþñü, îòïðáâèøüñÿ) íà (+ acc) ÿ (etc.) ïîø¸ë / ïîøëá äèâáí ñåìü ñåìü òÏcÿ÷ ñåìíáäöàòü ñéìüäåcÿò ñòðóãî çàøèâáòü (I) / çàø¿òü (çàøüø, çàøü¸øü) ïîë ïîæèìáòü (I) / ïîæáòü (ïîæìý, ïîæì¸øü) ðýêó (+ dat) (ïî-)áðèòü (áðéþ, áðéåøü) îíá (f) ó íå¸ (åcòü) ... (+ nom) å¸ çîâýò ... ìåäâéäèöà ïóëêà ñâåò¿òü(ñÿ) (II) (imp) (ñâå÷ý, ñâéòèøü) êîðááëü (m) òýôëÿ (pl òýôëè) ñòðåëüáá ìàãàç¿í, ô¿ðìåííûé ìàãàç¿í (selling only one brand of goods), ëáâêà / ëáâî÷êà (diminutive) ïðîäàâéö (ïðîäàâù¿öà) ïîêóïáòåëü (ïîêóïáòåëüíèöà) õîä¿òü (II) çà ïîêýïêàìè áéðåã (íà áåðåãý) êîðóòêèé, êðáòêèé ðàññêáç øóðòû ïëå÷ó (pl ïëé÷è) (çà-)êðè÷áòü (II) (êðè÷ý, êðè÷¿øü) ïîêáçûâàòü (I) / ïîêàçáòü (ïîêàæý, ïîêáæåøü), ïðåäúÿâë§òü (I) / ïðåäúÿâ¿òü (II) (ïðåäúÿâëø, ïðåäú§âèøü) ïîêàæ¿(òå) (imperative) äóø ñåáíñ S azov (Russian from Scratch )

singer singing single father single room sink sister (to) sit (= be sitting) sit down (to) sit down (to) be situated is / are situated six six thousand sixteen sixty (to) go skating skeleton sketching skiing (to) go skiing skirt sky skyscraper (to) sleep (to) slice small it’s / they are small (on me) (etc.) small pasty small river smaller smell (to) smell (to) smoke snack bar snow snow(y), it is snowy snowstorm snub-nosed so so-and-so soap opera sociable soft boiled soft fruit (to) soil soldier solo concert solution somebody A new ab initio Russian course

òóøíî áîê áîðò (íà áîðòý) áóôéò çíàê ïóäïèñü (f) ïðócòî (ñ-)ïåòü (ïîø, ïî¸øü, ïî¸ò, ïî¸ì, ïî¸òå, ïîøò) ïåâéö (ïåâ¿öà) ïéíèå îòéö-îäèíó÷êà îäíîìéñòíûé íóìåð ðáêîâèíà ñåcòðá (ïî-)ñèäéòü (II) (ñèæý, ñèä¿øü) càä¿ñü / ñàä¿òåcü (imperative) ñàä¿òüñÿ ((II)ñàæýñü, ñàä¿øüñÿ) / ñåñòü (ñ§äó, ñ§äåøü) íàõîä¿òmcÿ (II) (imp) ðàñïîëóæåííûé (part participle) øåcòü øåcòü òÏcÿ÷ øåcòíáäöàòü øåcòüäåc§ò êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà êîíüêáõ ñêåëéò ÷åð÷éíèå êàòáíèå íà ëÏæàõ êàòáòüñÿ (I) íà ëÏæàõ øáêà íéáî íåáîñêð¸á ñïàòü (imp) (cïëþ, cïèøü) (ïî-)ðéçàòü (ðéæó, ðéæåøü) ìáëåíüêèé îí (îíá, îíó, îí¿) ìíå (etc.) ìàë (ìàëó, ìàëá, ìàëÏ) ïèðîæóê ðé÷êà ìéíüøå çáïàõ (ïî-)íøõàòü (I) (ïî-)êóð¿òü (II) (êóðø, êýðèøü) çàêýñî÷íàÿ, áóôéò ñíåã ñíéæíûé, cíéæíî âüøãà êóðíóñûé òàê òàêóé-òî, òàêóé-ñÿêóé ìÏëüíàÿ óïåðà îáù¿òåëüíûé âñì§òêó (adverb) §ãîäà (èñ-)ïá÷êàòü (I) ñîëäáò ñóëüíûé êîíöéðò ðåøéíèå êòó-òî, êòó-íèáóäü

Vocabulary

sick side side of ship sideboard sign signature simply (to) sing

525

Ñëîâàðü

somehow someone someone else’s something sometimes somewhere son song Sonya and I soon sorry I’m (etc.) sorry (that ...) sort soul sound sour(ed) cream south Soviet space Spain Spaniard Spanish the Spanish spare ticket in one’s spare time (to) speak (to) speak English / Russian / French (to) speak on the telephone speaker speaking specialist shop (to) specialize in spectators (to) spend (time) (to) spend the night (to) spill (to) spin round spirit (to) spit spoken language sponsor spoon (to) spoon sport sports sports camp sports centre (to) spread spring in (the) spring spring board diving

526

êáê-òî, êáê-íèáóäü êòó-òî, êòó-íèáóäü ÷óæóé ÷òó-òî, ÷òó-íèáóäü èíîãäá êóäá-òî, êóäá-íèáóäü (direction), ãäé-òî, ãäé-íèáóäü (location) ñûí ïécíÿ ìû ñ Ñóíåé ñêóðî èçâèí¿(òå) (imperative) ìíå (etc.) æàëü (, ÷òî ...) â¿ä äóøá çâóê cìåòáíà þã (íà øãå) ñîâéòñêèé êóñìîñ Ècïáíèÿ ècïáíåö (ècïáíêà) ècïáícêèé (adjective) ècïáíöû ë¿øíèé áèëéò (â) ñâîáóäíîå âðéìÿ ãîâîð¿òü (II) / ñêàçáòü (I) (ñêàæý, ñêáæåøü) ãîâîð¿òü (II) ïî-àíãë¿éñêè / ïî-ðýññêè / ïîôðàíöýçñêè ãîâîð¿òü (II) ïî òåëåôóíó äîêëáä÷èê ¢òî ãîâîð¿ò ..., ó òåëåôóíà ... (on the phone) ñïåöèáëüíûé ìàãàç¿í ñïåöèàëèç¿ðîâàòüñÿ (III) (imp & pf) (ñïåöèàëèç¿ðóþcü, ñïåöèàëèç¿ðóåøücÿ) â (+ prep) çð¿òåëè ïðîâîä¿òü (II) (ïðîâîæý, ïðîâóäèøü) / ïðîâåñò¿ (ïðîâåäý, ïðîâåä¸øü), ïîáûâáòü (I) (pf) â (+ prep) (usually past tense) (ïåðå-)íî÷åâáòü (III) (íî÷ýþ, íî÷ýåøü) ðàññûïáòü (I) / ðàccÏïàòü (ðàccÏïëþ, ðàccÏïëåøü) (dry substances), ðàçëèâáòü (I) / ðàçë¿òü (ðàçîëüø, ðàçîëü¸øü) (liquid) (çà-)êðóæ¿òüñÿ (II) äóøá ïëåâáòü (ïëøþ, ïëþ¸øü) / ïëøíóòü (ïëøíó, ïëøíåøü) ðàçãîâóðíàÿ ðå÷ü ñïóíñîð ëóæêà ðàçëîæ¿òü (II) (pf) ñïîðò â¿äû ñïóðòà ñïîðò¿âíûé ëáãåðü äâîðéö ñïóðòà (íà-)ìáçàòü (ìáæó, ìáæåøü) âåñíá âåñíóé ïðûæê¿ ñ âÏøêè S azov (Russian from Scratch )

stand standard star stars the stars are shining start (to) start (car) starters state station (small) statue (of) (to) stay (to) stay together (to) stay with steamed sternly still stitch stomach stone (in fruit) stop (to) stop

stout stove straight straight on strange stream street my (etc.) strength is waning strengthening (to) strive for strong strong tea strong-willed student A new ab initio Russian course

êëþ÷åâáÿ âîäá ñïð¿íòåð ïëóùàäü (f) Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáýðã, Ï¿òåð (colloquial) ñòàäèóí ïÿòíó íåðæàâéþùàÿ ñòàëü (f) ëàð¸ê (pl ëàðüê¿) ïàðòéð ìáðêà êîëëéêöèÿ ìáðîê (ïî-)ñòáâèòü (II) (ñòáâëþ, ñòáâèøü) (+ acc) â / íà (+ acc); ñòî§òü (II) (imp) (ñòîø, ñòî¿øü) (= be standing) òðèáýíà (at sports stadium) ñòàíäáðò çâåçäá (pl çâ¸çäû) äóõóâíàÿ æèçíü çâ¸çäû áëéùóò íà÷áëî çàâîä¿òü(cÿ) (II) (çàâîæý, çàâóäèøü) / çàâåcò¿(cü) (çàâåäý, çàâåä¸øü) çàêýcêè ñîñòî§íèå; ãîñóäáðñòâî, ãîñóäáðñòâåííûé (adjective) ñòáíöèÿ ïáìÿòíèê (+ dat) îñòàâáòüñÿ (îñòàøñü, îñòà¸øüñÿ) / îñòáòüñÿ (îñòáíóñü, îñòáíåøüñÿ); ïîáûâáòü (I) (pf) â (+ prep) (usually past tense) ïðîæ¿òü (I) (pf) (ïðîæèâý, ïðîæèâ¸øü) âìécòå ãîñò¿òü (II) (imp) (ãîùý, ãîñò¿øü) ó (+ gen) ïàðîâóé ñòðóãî âñ¸ ðàâíó; åù¸ ñòðó÷êà (diminutive) æèâóò êóñòî÷êà îñòàíóâêà îñòàíáâëèâàòü(ñÿ) (I) / îñòàíîâ¿òü(ñÿ) (II) (îñòàíîâëø, îñòàíóâèøü), ïåðåñòàâáòü (ïåðåñòàø, ïåðåñòà¸øü) / ïåðåñòáòü (ïåðåñòáíó, ïåðåñòáíåøü) ïóëíûé ïëèòá ïðÿìóé ïð§ìî ÷óæóé ðó÷éé ýëèöà ñ¿ëû íà èñõóäå óêðåïëéíèå ñòðåì¿òüñÿ (II) (imp) (còðåìëøcü, còðåì¿øücÿ) ê (+ dat) ñ¿ëüíûé, êðéïêèé êðéïêèé ÷àé âîëåâóé còóäéíò (còóäéíòêà), ó÷áùèéñÿ (ó÷áùàÿcÿ) (in trade / vocational school)

Vocabulary

spring water sprinter square St Petersburg stadium stain stainless steel stall stalls stamp stamp collection (to) stand

527

Ñëîâàðü

student canteen student hostel student library student life studies study (to) study

study trip stuffy, it is stuffy sturgeon stylistics sub-faculty subject submarine subscriber’s number suburb success (to) be successful such such an extent such-and-such sugar (to) suggest it suits / they suit me (etc.) it will / they will suit me (etc.) suitable suitcase summer in (the) summer sun Sunday sunglasses sunny, it is sunny supermarket supper (to) have supper (to) support support(iveness) (to) suppose make sure that surfing surgeon surname (to) surprise (to) be surprised (at) (to) swallow Swan Lake sweet sweet swimming swimming pool (to) switch off (to) switch on 528

ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ ñòîëóâàÿ îáùåæ¿òèå ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòéêà ñòóäéí÷åñêàÿ æèçíü ó÷¸áà èçó÷éíèå; êàáèíéò (room) (íà-)ó÷¿òü (II), èçó÷áòü (I) (imp) (+ acc) (subject); (íà-)ó÷¿òüñÿ (II) (ó÷ýcü, ý÷èøücÿ) (+ dat); çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) / çàí§òüñÿ (çàéìýñü, çàéì¸øüñÿ) (+ instr) (in library etc.) êîìàíäèðóâêà äýøíûé, äýøíî îñåòð¿íà ñòèë¿ñòèêà êáôåäðà ïðåäìéò ïîäâóäíàÿ ëóäêà íóìåð àáîíéíòà ïðåäìécòüå óñïéõ(è) èìéòü (I) óñïéõ òàêóé äî òàêóé ñòéïåíè òàêóé-òî ñáõàð ïðåäëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäëîæ¿òü (II) îí (îíá, îíó) ìíå (etc.) èä¸ò / (îí¿) ìíå (etc.) èäýò îí (îíá, îíó) ìíå (etc.) ïîäîéä¸ò / (îí¿) ìíå (etc.) ïîäîéäýò ïîäõîä§ùèé ÷åìîäáí ëéòî ëéòîì ñóëíöå âîcêðåcéíüå î÷ê¿ îò ñóëíöà ñóëíå÷íûé, cóëíå÷íî ñóïåðìáðêåò, óíèâåðcáì ýæèí (ïî-)ýæèíàòü (I) áîëéòü (I) (imp) çà (+ acc) ïîääéðæêà ïðåäïîëàãáòü (I) / ïðåäïîëîæ¿òü (II) ñëåä¿(òå) (imperative) çà òåì, ÷òóáû ñéðôèíã õèðýðã ôàì¿ëèÿ óäèâë§òü (I) / óäèâ¿òü (II) (óäèâëø, óäèâ¿øü) óäèâë§òüñÿ (I) / óäèâ¿òüñÿ (II) (+ dat) ãëîòáòü (I) / ïðîãëîò¿òü (II) (ïðîãëî÷ý, ïðîãëóòèøü) «Ëåáåä¿íîå óçåðî» ñëáäêèé (adjective) êîíôéòà ïëáâàíèå áàññééí âûêëþ÷áòü (I) / âÏêëþ÷èòü (II) (èç ðîçéòêè) âêëþ÷áòü (I) / âêëþ÷¿òü (II) (â ðîçéòêó / â ýëåêòðîcéòü) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

(to) take (to) take an exam (to) take into account (to) take part in (to) take part in track and field athletics (to) take place (to) take sleeping pills (to) talk tall tap (to) taste tasty Taurus taxi tea tea towel (to) teach teacher teaching team technical college technician technocrat technology he / she is (etc.) teething telegraph office (to) telephone telephone telephone booth telephone conversation telephone exchange telephone installation telephone operator television (to) tell tell me please temperature ten ten million ten thousand tennis tennis ball A new ab initio Russian course

ñ¿íòàêñèñ ñòîë ñêáòåðòü (f) òàáëéòêà ñòîë äëÿ íàcòóëüíîãî òéííècà áðàòü (áåðý, áåð¸øü) / âçÿòü (âîçüìý, âîçüì¸øü); èçìåð§òü (I) / èçìéðèòü (II) (+ acc) (temperature) ïðèíèìáòü (I) / ïðèí§òü (I) (ïðèìý, ïð¿ìåøü) ñäàâáòü (I) (imp) (ñäàø, ñäà¸øü) ýêçáìåí ïðèíèìáòü (I) (imp) âî âíèìáíèå, ó÷¿òûâàòü (I) / ó÷éñòü (ó÷òý, ó÷ò¸øü) ó÷áñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ó÷áñòâóþ, ó÷áñòâóåøü) â (+ prep) çàíèìáòüñÿ (I) ë¸ãêîé àòëéòèêîé ïðîõîä¿òü (II) (imp) ïèòü (I) (ïüþ, ïü¸øü) / âÏïèòü (I) (âÏïüþ, âÏïüåøü) ñíîòâóðíîå ðàçãîâáðèâàòü (I) / ðàçãîâîð¿òü (II), (ïî-)áåñéäîâàòü (III) (áåñéäóþ, áåñéäóåøü) âûñóêèé êðàí (ïî-)ïðóáîâàòü (III) (ïðóáóþ, ïðóáóåøü) âêýcíûé Òåëéö òàêc¿ (n) (indeclinable) ÷àé êóõóííîå ïîëîòéíöå ïðåïîäàâáòü (imp) (ïðåïîäàø, ïðåïîäà¸øü), (âÏ-)ó÷¿òü (II) ó÷¿òåëü (ó÷¿òåëüíèöà) ïðåïîäàâáíèå êîìáíäà òéõíèêóì òéõíèê òåõíîêðáò òåõí¿÷åñêèå ñðéäñòâà ó íåãó / íå¸ (etc.) ðéæóòñÿ çýáû òåëåãðáô (ïî-)çâîí¿òü (II) (+ dat), òåëåôîí¿ðîâàòü (III) (imp & pf) (òåëåôîí¿ðóþ, òåëåôîí¿ðóåøü) (+ dat) òåëåôóí òåëåôóííàÿ áýäêà òåëåôóííûé ðàçãîâóð òåëåôóííàÿ còáíöèÿ òåëåôîíèçáöèÿ òåëåôîí¿cò (òåëåôîí¿còêà) òåëåâ¿çîð ãîâîð¿òü (II) / ñêàçáòü (I) (ñêàæý, ñêáæåøü), ðàññêáçûâàòü (I) / ðàññêàçáòü (I) (ðàññêàæý, ðàññêáæåøü) ñêàæ¿(òå) (imperative), ïîæáëóéñòà òåìïåðàòýðà äécÿòü äécÿòü ìèëëèóíîâ äécÿòü òÏcÿ÷ òéííèñ òéííècíûé ìÿ÷

Vocabulary

syntax table tablecloth tablet table-tennis table (to) take

529

Ñëîâàðü

ten-year school term terrible, terribly test textbook textual analysis than thank you (for), thanks (for) thank you very much that that, this / those, these that’s not true that’s right that’s to say that’s why theatre their theme then there there are thunderstorms there is / are (not) enough there is / are no(t) … they they are called ... they have … thickness thin thing (to) think (to) think of third third floor thirteen thirty this week this year this, that / these, those I (etc.) thought as much thousand thread three three (= satisfactory) (mark in education) three children three million three thousand thrifty thriller (to) throw (s.one) out of the taxi (to) throw away throwing thunderstorm Thursday thus tick ticket ticket-collector

530

äåñÿòèëéòíÿÿ øêóëà ñåìéñòð ñòðáøíûé, ñòðáøíî êîíòðóëüíàÿ ðàáóòà ó÷éáíèê àíáëèç òéêcòà ÷åì ñïàñ¿áî (çà + acc) áîëüøóå ñïàñ¿áî ÷òî òîò (m), òà (f), òî (n), òå (pl) ¢òî íå ïðáâäà âéðíî çíá÷èò ïî¢òîìó (äðàìàò¿÷åñêèé) òåáòð èõ òéìà ïîòóì, òîãäá òàì áûâáþò ãðóçû (íå) õâàòáåò (+ gen) íåò (+ gen) îí¿ èõ çîâýò ... ó íèõ (åcòü) ... (+ nom) òîëùèíá õóäóé / õóäîùáâûé äéëî (to do); øòýêà / øòý÷êà (diminutive) (ïî-)äýìàòü (I) îòíîñ¿òüñÿ (II) (îòíîøýñü, îòíóñèøüñÿ) / îòíåñò¿ñü (îòíåñýñü, îòíåñ¸øüñÿ) ê (+ dat) òðéòèé ÷åòâ¸ðòûé ýòáæ òðèíáäöàòü òð¿äöàòü íà ¢òîé íåäéëå â ¢òîì ãîäý ¢òîò (m), ¢òà (f), ¢òî (n), ¢òè (pl) ÿ (etc.) òàê è äýìàë(à) òÏcÿ÷à í¿òêè (pl) òðè òðóéêà (= óäîâëåòâîð¿òåëüíî) òðóå äåòéé òðè ìèëëèóíà òðè òÏcÿ÷è äîìîâ¿òûé îñòðîñþæéòíûé ôèëüì âûñáæèâàòü (I) / âÏcàäèòü (II) (âÏcàæó, âÏcàäèøü) (+ acc) èç òàêc¿ âûáðáñûâàòü (I) / âÏáðîñèòü (II) (âÏáðîøó, âÏáðîñèøü) áðîñáíèå ãðîçá ÷åòâéðã òàê¿ì óáðàçîì, ïî¢òîìó ãáëî÷êà áèëéò êîíòðîë¸ð S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Time Machine timetable tin opener I’m (etc.) tired tiredness title to toast toaster today today’s together (with) toilet token tomato tomorrow tomorrow(’s) too too (much / many) tooth top (of bottle) tortoise tourism tourist towards towel tower town town code toy track (athletics) traffic lights tragedy (to) train train training session tram (to) trample (down) translate (to) translate from … to … translation transport timetable travel agency (to) treat (with) treatment tree A new ab initio Russian course

(ïî-)ùåêîòáòü (ùåêî÷ý, ùåêó÷åøü) (ñ-)âÿçáòü (I) (âÿæý, â§æåøü) ãáëcòóê ïëóòíî äî ñèõ ïîð âðéìÿ (n) ïîðá ëè (+ dat) ...? ìíå (etc.) ïîðá (+ infinitive) êîòóðûé ÷àc?, ñêóëüêî cåé÷ác âðéìåíè? (literally: how much now is the time?) «Ìàø¿íà âðéìåíè» ðàñïèñáíèå êîíñéðâíûé íîæ ÿ (etc.) óñòáë(à) óñòáëîñòü (f) íàèìåíîâáíèå, çâáíèå â / âî (+ acc), íà (+ prep), ê / êî (+ dat) (s.one’s) òîcò òóñòåð ñåãóäíÿ ñåãóäíÿøíé (adjective) âìéñòå (ñ + instr) òóàëéò æåòóí ïîìèäóð çáâòðà çáâòðàøíèé (adjective) òóæå, äà åù¸, (à) òáêæå ñë¿øêîì (ìíóãî + gen) çóá ïðóáêà ÷åðåïáõà òóð¿çì òóð¿cò (òóð¿còêà) ê / êî (+ dat) ïîëîòéíöå ááøíÿ ãóðîä êîä ãóðîäà èãðýøêà ë¸ãêàÿ àòëéêòèêà ñâåòîôóð òðàãéäèÿ ïðèó÷áòü (I) / ïðèó÷¿òü (II) (ïðèó÷ý, ïðèý÷èøü) ïóåçä òðåíèðóâêà òðàìâáé (çà-)òîïòáòü (òîï÷ý, òóï÷åøü) ïåðåâåä¿(òå) (imperative) ïåðåâîä¿òü (I) (ïåðåâîæý, ïåðåâóäèøü) / ïåðåâåcò¿ (ïåðåâåäý, ïåðåâåä¸øü) ñ (+ gen) íà (+ acc) ïåðåâóä ãðáôèê äâèæéíèÿ òóðàãéíòñòâî ëå÷¿òü (II) (imp) (+ instr) ëå÷éíèå äéðåâî (pl äåðéâüÿ)

Vocabulary

(to) tickle (to) tie tie tightly till now time is it time for …? it is time for me (etc.) ... what is the time?

531

Ñëîâàðü

trip trolley trolleybus trombone the trouble is that trousers (to) trust trust truth (to) try try (it / them) on (to) try to convince tuberculosis Tuesday tulip tune (to) be tuned into turbulent (to) turn (to) turn black (to) turn into (to) turn into powder (to) turn off (to) turn on (tap) (to) turn out to be (to) turn red (to) turn to (to) turn yellow TV repair man twelve twenty twenty thousand twenty-fifth birthday twin room two two (= unsatisfactory) (mark in education) two / three / four o’clock two / three / four thousand two / three / four times two / three / four years two bedroomed flat two children two hours before two million type typical typist Ukraine umbrella Uncle Vanya under

532

ïîéçäêà òåëéæêà òðîëëééáóc òðîìáóí áåäá â òîì, ÷òî áðøêè äîâåð§òü (I) / äîâéðèòü (II) (+ dat) äîâéðèå ïðáâäà (ïî-)ïðóáîâàòü (III) (ïðóáóþ, ïðóáóåøü), (ïî-)còàðáòücÿ (I) ïðèìéðü(òå) (imperative) óáåæäáòü (I) (imp) òóáåðêóë¸ç âòóðíèê (âî âòóðíèê) òþëüïáí ìåëóäèÿ íàñòðóèòüñÿ (II) (pf) íà (+ acc) áåñïîêóéíûé ïîâîðá÷èâàòü (I) / ïîâåðíýòü (ïîâåðíý, ïîâåðí¸øü) (ïî-)÷åðíéòü (÷åðíéþ, ÷åðíéåøü) ïðåâðàùáòüñÿ (I) / ïðåâðàò¿òüñÿ (II) (ïðåâðàùýñü, ïðåâðàò¿øüñÿ) â (+ acc) ðàñòèðáòü (I) / ðàñòåðéòü (ðàçîòðý, ðàçîòð¸øü) îòêëþ÷áòü (I) / îòêëþ÷¿òü (II) (electricity, water), çàêðý÷èâàòü (I) / çàêðóò¿òü (II) (çàêðó÷ý, çàêðýòèøü) (tap) îòêðý÷èâàòü (I) / îòêðóò¿òü (II) (îòêðó÷ý, îòêðýòèøü) îêáçûâàòüñÿ (I) / îêàçáòücÿ (I) (îêàæýcü, îêáæåøücÿ) (ïî-)êðàñíéòü (I) (êðàñíéþ, êðàñíéåøü) îáðàùáòüñÿ (I) / îáðàò¿òüñÿ (II) (îáðàùýñü, îáðàò¿øüñÿ) â (+ acc) (cî-)æåëòéòü (I) (æåëòéþ, æåëòéåøü) òåëåìáñòåð äâåíáíäöàòü äâáäöàòü äâáäöàòü òÏcÿ÷ äâàäöàòèïÿòèëéòèå äâóõìéñòíûé íóìåð äâà (m & n), äâå (f) äâóéêà (= íåóäîâëåòâîð¿òåëüíî) (â) äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ÷àcá äâå / òðè / ÷åòÏðå òÏcÿ÷è äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå / ðáçà äâà / òðè / ÷åòÏðå ãóäà òð¸õêóìíàòíàÿ êâàðò¿ðà äâóå äåòéé çà äâà ÷àñá äî (+ gen) äâà ìèëëèóíà òèï, â¿ä òèï¿÷íûé ìàøèí¿còêà Óêðà¿íà çîíò «Ä§äÿ Âáíÿ» ïîä (+ instr) S azov (Russian from Scratch )

unexpectedly unfortunately unfulfilled promise unhurried unique United Nations Organisation university university friends unlikely (to) unplug until late until the present time up to upright position (to) get upset Urals (to) use usually (to) utilize vacancy vacant vacuum vanilla variety show / music various vegetable department vegetables vermouth Verner’s syndrome very the very very old veterinary surgeon via Victory Avenue viewing villa village Vilnius (capital of Lithuania) violin Virgo visa vision (to) visit

vital A new ab initio Russian course

ìåòðó (n) (indeclinable) òðóñÏ / òðýñèêè (diminutive) ïîíèìáòü (I) / ïîí§òü (ïîéìý, ïîéì¸øü) ïîí§òíî áåçðàáóòíûé (áåçðàáóòíàÿ) (adjectival noun) íåîæ¿äàííî ê ñîæàëéíèþ íåâÏïîëíåííîå îáåùáíèå íåòîðîïë¿âûé óíèêáëüíûé Îðãàíèçáöèÿ Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íáöèé óíèâåðcèòéò äðóçü§ ïî óíèâåðñèòéòó âðÿä ëè âûêëþ÷áòü (I) / âÏêëþ÷èòü (II) (èç ðîçéòêè) äîïîçäíá äî íàñòî§ùåãî âðéìåíè äî (+ gen) âåðòèêáëüíîå ïîëîæéíèå ðàññòðáèâàòüñÿ (I) / ðàccòðóèòücÿ (II) Óðáë (âîñ-)ïóëüçîâàòüñÿ (III) (ïóëüçóþñü, ïóëüçóåøüñÿ) (+ instr), èñïóëüçîâàòü (III) (imp) (èñïóëüçóþ, ècïóëüçóåøü) (+ acc) îáÏ÷íî èñïóëüçîâàòü (III) (imp) (èñïóëüçóþ, ècïóëüçóåøü) (+ acc) âàêáíñèÿ ñâîáóäíûé (ïðî-)ïûëåcócèòü (II) (ïûëåcóøó, ïûëåcóñèøü) âàíèë¿í ýñòðáäà ðàçë¿÷íûé, ðáçíûé îâîùíóé îòäéë óâîùè âéðìóò ñèíäðóì Âéðíåðà ó÷åíü òîò cáìûé (m), òà cáìàÿ (f), òî cáìîå (n), òå cáìûå (pl) còàð¿ííûé âåòåðèíáðíûé âðà÷ ÷éðåç (+ acc) ïð. Ïîáéäû ïðîñìóòð â¿ëëà äåðéâíÿ, ñåëó ¿ëüíþñ ñêð¿ïêà Äéâà â¿çà çðéíèå ïîñåùáòü (I) / ïîñåò¿òü (II) (ïîñåùý, ïîñåò¿øü), íàâåùáòü (I) / íàâåñò¿òü (II) (íàâåùý, íàâåñò¿øü), õîä¿òü (II) (õîæý, õóäèøü) / ïîéò¿ (ïîéäý, ïîéä¸øü) (past ïîø¸ë, ïîøëá) â ãóñòè ê (+ dat) ñóùéñòâåííûé

Vocabulary

underground underpants (to) understand understood unemployed (person)

533

Ñëîâàðü

vitally vitamin vocational school volume wait (to) wait (for) waiter (waitress) Wales walk (to) walk (to) walk along walkman wallet (to) want I (etc.) want to ... War and Peace wardrobe warehouse (to) warm up warm, (it is) warm warning sign Warsaw (to) wash (clothes) (to) wash (oneself) wash-basin washing machine (to) do the washing up watch (to) watch water (to) water water skiing (to) wave the waves are lapping we we have … weak wearing weather wedding wedding palace wedding ring Wednesday week weekend (to) weep (to) weigh weight weight-lifting (to) welcome well well done! (literally: you’re fine people) well known, it is well known well organized well proportioned I (etc.) went

534

æ¿çíåííî âèòàì¿í ó÷¿ëèùå îáú¸ì; ñáóðíèê; òîì (ïîäî-)æä¿(òå) (imperative) (ïîäî-)æäáòü (æäó, æä¸øü) (+ gen) îôèöèáíò (îôèöèáíòêà) Ó¢ëüc ïðîãýëêà (ïî-)ãóë§òü (I) ïðîõîä¿òü (II) (ïðîõîæý, ïðîõóäèøü) / ïðîéò¿ (I) (ïðîéäý, ïðîéä¸øü) ïî (+ dat) ïëééåð êîøåë¸ê (çà-)õîòéòü (õî÷ý, õó÷åøü, õó÷åò, õîò¿ì, õîò¿òå, õîò§ò) ìíå (etc.) õó÷åòcÿ (+ infinitive) «Âîéíá è ìèð» ãàðäåðóá ñêëàä (íà-)ãðåòü (I) (ãðéþ, ãðéåøü) ò¸ïëûé, òåïëó ïðåäóïðåæäáþùèé ñèãíáë Âàðøáâà (ïî-) còèðáòü (I) óìûâáòüñÿ (I) / óìÏòüñÿ (óìóþñü, óìóåøüñÿ) ðáêîâèíà ñòèðáëüíàÿ ìàø¿íà (ïî-)ìûòü (ìóþ, ìóåøü) ïîcýäó ÷àcÏ (pl) (ïî-)ñìîòðéòü (II) (ñìîòðø, cìóòðèøü) âîäá ïîëèâáòü (I) / ïîë¿òü (ïîëüø, ïîëü¸øü) âóäíûå ëÏæè ìàõáòü (I) (imp) (ìàøý, ìáøåøü) (+ instr) âîëíÏ ïëéùóò ìû ó íàc (åcòü) ... (+ nom) ñëááûé îäéò (îäéòà) (past participle) â (+ acc) ïîãóäà câáäüáà (íà câáäüáå) äâîðéö áðàêîcî÷åòáíèÿ îáðó÷áëüíîå êîëüöó ñðåäá íåäéëÿ âûõîäíÏå (çà-)ïëáêàòü (ïëá÷ó, ïëá÷åøü) âéñèòü (II) (imp) (âéøó, âéñèøü) âåñ òÿæ¸ëàÿ àòëéòèêà ïðèâéòñòâîâàòü (III) (imp) (ïðèâéòñòâóþ, ïðèâéòñòâóåøü) õîðîøó; ÷òî æ (âû) ìîëîäöÏ! èçâéñòíûé, èçâéñòíî îðãàíèçóâàííûé (past participle) ñòðóéíûé ÿ (etc.) ïîø¸ë / ïîøëá S azov (Russian from Scratch )

what’s your name? when(?) where(?) where ... (to)? where are you from? where can I buy it? where is … (situated)? where will … be? whereabouts which which(?) which of you …? whipped cream whirlwind (to) whisk white who who was born who(?) who’s this? the whole whose why(?) width wild wild animal win the wind is blowing window windy, it is windy wine wine glass winter in (the) winter Winter Palace winter things (to) wipe (up) (to) wish (s.one) (s.th.) with with coffee with joy with pleasure with reference to with the help (of) (to) wither A new ab initio Russian course

çáïàä (íà çáïàäå) êîñòøì äëÿ ïîäâóäíîãî ïëáâàíèÿ ÷òî(?) òî, ÷òî ÷òî ¢òî òàêóå? êàêóé(?) ÷òî òû / âû! ÷åì (òû) çàíèìáåøücÿ? ÷òî åù¸? êàê åãó / å¸ çîâýò? êàêóé ó íåãó / ó íå¸ òåëåôóí? ÷òî èä¸ò â êèíîòåáòðå? êîòóðûé ÷àc?, ñêóëüêî cåé÷ác âðéìåíè? (literally: how much now is the time?) êàê òå᧠/ âàc çîâýò? êîãäá(?) ãäå(?) êóäá? îòêýäà òû / âû? ãäå ¢òî ìóæíî êóï¿òü? ãäå íàõóäèòcÿ ...? ãäå áýäåò ...? ìéñòî íàõîæäéíèÿ êîòóðûé (relative pronoun) êàêóé(?) êòî èç âàñ ...? âçá¿òûå cë¿âêè âèõðü (m) ðàñòèðáòü (I) / ðàñòåðéòü (ðàçîòðý, ðàçîòð¸øü) áéëûé êîòóðûé (relative pronoun) ðîä¿âøèéñÿ (past participle) êòî(?) êòî ¢òî? âåñü (m), âñÿ (f), âñ¸ (n), âñå (pl) ÷åé (m), ÷üÿ (f), ÷ü¸ (n), ÷üè (pl) ïî÷åìý(?) øèðèíá ä¿êèé çâåðü (m) âû¿ãðûâàòü (I) / âÏèãðàòü (I) äýåò âéòåð îêíó (pl óêíà), îêóøêî (diminutive) âéòðåíûé, âéòðåíî âèíó áîêáë çèìá çèìóé Ç¿ìíèé äâîðéö ç¿ìíèå âéùè âûòèðáòü (I) / âÏòåðåòü (âÏòðó, âÏòðåøü) (ïî-)æåëáòü (I) (+ dat) (+ gen) ñ / cî (+ instr) ê êóôå ðáäîñòíî ñ óäîâóëüñòâèåì êàñáòåëüíî (+ gen) ïðè ïóìîùè (+ gen) âÏñîõíóòü (I) (pf) (âÏcîõíó, âÏcîõíåøü)

Vocabulary

west wetsuit what(?) what what (exactly) is this / are these? what (sort of)(?) what are you saying! what are you up to? what else? what is his / her name? what is his / her telephone number? what is showing at the cinema? what is the time?

535

Ñëîâàðü

without without permission wolf woman wonderful wood wooden work work (of art) (to) work (on) work telephone world world championship world of entertainments World War Two (to) worry, be worried (to) be worried about not to worry worse worst wounded (to) write writer wrong you (etc.) are wrong you’ve got the wrong number year year of birth yearly plan yellow yes yes, speaking yesterday yesterday(’s) yet yoga you you (formal and/or plural) you have ... you know, you see young younger / youngest younger than me (etc.) by younger than one’s age your you’re welcome youth zero

536

áåç (+ gen) áåç ñïðóñà âîëê æéíùèíà ÷óäéñíûé ëåc (â ëåcý) äåðåâ§ííûé ðàáóòà ïðîèçâåäéíèå ðàáóòàòü (I) (imp) (íàä + instr) ñëóæéáíûé òåëåôóí ìèð ÷åìïèîíáò ì¿ðà ìèð óâëå÷éíèé âòîðáÿ ìèðîâáÿ âîéíá (âç-)âîëíîâáòü(ñÿ) (III) (âîëíýþ, âîëíýåøü) (ïî-)çàáóòèòüñÿ (II) (çàáó÷óñü, çàáóòèøüñÿ) î (+ prep) íå ïåðåæèâáéòå(òå) õýæå ñáìûé ïëîõóé ðáíåíûé (part participle) (íà)ïèñáòü (ïèøý, ï¿øåøü) ïèñáòåëü (m) íåïðáâèëüíî òû (etc.) íå ïðàâ(á) / âû (etc.) íå ïðáâû (âû) îø¿áëècü íóìåðîì (îä¿í) ãîä; êóðñ (in education) ãîä ðîæäéíèÿ ãîäîâóé ïëàí æ¸ëòûé äà cëýøàþ / cëýøàþ âàc / ÿ âàc cëýøàþ (on the phone) â÷åðá â÷åðáøíèé åù¸ éóãà òû (informal) âû ó òå᧠/ âàc (åcòü) ... (formal / plural) (+ nom) âåäü ìîëîäóé ìëáäøèé ìîëóæå ìåí§ (etc.) íà (+ acc) ìîëóæå ñâî¿õ ëåò òâóé (m), òâî§ (f), òâî¸ (n), òâî¿ (pl) (informal) / âàø (m), âáøà (f), âáøå (n), âáøè (pl) (formal) ïîæáëóécòà ìóëîäîñòü (f) íîëü = íóëü

S azov (Russian from Scratch )