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n+ §()´: D Abstract This articles to the war of independence in 1857 as it was fougt in six Districts of the Punjab. The author has exposed the strategy of the European Colonisers in this article. He has shown how in most parts of the four continents the Colonisers psychologically enslave of the natives. It is a very important historical study. In the historical account of the battle in Googira, for example the historians has shown a very small number of freedom fighters has actually took part in that battle. He has also used disparaging language about them. The author has exposed contradictions in the accounts of the English historians supported by documentary evidence. In this way he has brought out the truth that this was really a war of people supported by a great partriotic emotion.
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5
grass huts, which are constructed in such localities as afford the best pasturage and water for their numerous herds of cattle. They are known under the domination of Khurruls, Khattias, Wattoos, Fatwanas, and other names, and are of Jat lineage." (4)
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: R , ¼F· ¨) ÒF ]5 x\£U \ ; u A¹ Å:YFF ] "On the very evening of the memorable 14th of September (the assault of Delhi) a Mahomedan official of the postal department arrived at Lahore from Googaira, came before the Chief Commissioner, and reported, with a somewhat malicious twinkle of the eye, that all the wild and predatory tribes inhabiting the jungly country between Lahore and Mooltan had risen. In reply to a question, he further informed the Chief Commissioner that the numbers of the insurgents ammounted to exactly 125,000 men." (5)
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( ( ¼( \ \F· ¤F x X XY: : 5w6 Ç16Ë ":V: 8 ¤× : {: 8 6 Ç16 * n * X ]Y B : DY * : [ ] 6Ì :YFF ÊF· "At daybreak I received a note from Mr. L Berkeley informing me that he had not succeeded in intercepting Uhmud, Khurral; that the boat in which the latter had crossed had been moored in a creek on the opposite side beyond the reach of musketry; and that the chowkeedar in charge of it had declared that he had received strict orders not to let the boat return, an order he was determined to obey, as Uhmud, Khurral, had become king of the country."(6)
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8 ¤\J ]Y 6:u "An investigation took place, which resulted in the dismissal of the Jail Darogah for neglect; and a circumstance was then elicited which at the time appeared insignificant, but to wihch subsequent events have led me to attach more importance. The Darogah had allowed Uhmud Khan, the chief of the Khurrals, to visit the jail without my knowledge,---a fact he then explained that Uhmud Khan his religious father; that he had known him for many years; and that he had protected his faimily during former insurrections."(7)
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([Y 6 :Y $) {D »: D »FD 6 Ç( 16 :Y F ¨)» \ {» ¤Y » L< »Y& »i , X l+) :F· + ; ÈFY \F ' ¸x»\F l;1< , » » { ; (ÇA1 {( ¤ i: »Y% ÂÁ»¶:Y , »X: »J:Y ]m) 1 $Í$ : 8 ? y( : X :FY \ @F # 6k6 n( ;* \ 6 n( ] 6f 6 :F :& Âd : 8u :J ;* ( ; 6! n* : ]Y 6 2º6 * ] : 6k\F· :/6 n( n¼ ;) * *: 8 F ] / Y n( ;* ( ( ; (1; +; q:F Y :F·8 1 i6 ® y* ; ] yXk .6 Ç16 n( *: o 8 ¤ U F , 6 Ç1]M ( / /ZY: 8u :F nÌ+ o+ ( ( §) §) |: 8u :FY X H K 6E l( ' :6 Ç16®YFY ZY: 8 :I * 1 E ) GY 6 ÇY 6E {( "These tribes had been cattle-stealers and thieves from time immemorial; but being of no political importance, the Sikhs, after two unsuccessful attempts to conqure them, took only the precaution of having armed escorts when passing through the district, and allowed them to remain in almost undisturbed indulgence of their predatory propensities, especially as these rarely extended beyond their own immediate neighbours; thus they were generally left to settle their raids and their thefts, and to fight out their quarrels among
10
themselves.....the predatory tastes of these tribes were now checked by laws vigorously enforced, involving punishment and restitution; and under the influence of these stringent measures, the road from Lahore to Mooltan had become as safe as any in Bengal."(8) "The Chief of the Khurrul tribe, by name Ahmed Khan, was a traitor at heart; he had been in constant communication with the rebels of Delhi and Hansi, and (as he boasted) with the king of Delhi himself."(9) "Ahmad was a man above the average---bold and crafty."(10)
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» ] l+ * * +/ 8u ] 6Yc :D ej :Y j ] 6 * n§) ]F X\F ( Ù /V ] 6 [Fµ :F· o+ : ZY: 8u : l( ( ( §) * ]Y 6 Ç1m¬] 6 n( ;* 6B »D o* 1 ) 6*q \F i :Y XF :Y 6 < X ] :H , 8 N ! ] WV: N ! ] 9 1857 8u : l( =: ] Z ¤ * ( \ O {: 8 X \ ZlÑ* iF 8
Y Å ] {3 ]Y A¹ 6 * n¼* ( **) %?1]Y 6Ñ8 6# @1 : o(Ï1@ :F :"Y: 6 * /u \F· xY 8 Y , 6 # Í6 Ç16 [Y: * n( n( ( Í< : * !8 Ç( ¥¤ 1( e : ³]Y : e|: X v : "¶=V ,1« ]m+; * 8u : l* i] "In the district around were numerous Mohammedan tribes of Jut origin, at present degenerated into cattle-feeders and cattle-stealers, who nevertheless retaind somewhat of their ancestral love of war and plunder; hundreds and thousands of whom wanted only the opportunity and encouragement to spring up armed--for though nominally disarmed, what Punjabee does not know where to lay hands on his weapon in time
12
of need?---and at the first sound of the war--cry, "Deen! Deen!" (religion), in Moslem fanaticism, they would have made Mooltan their rallying-point."(11)
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Yd¡ µ\ u( "Nor was it only, or indeed chiefly, in concurrence with the brigadier that the Judicial Commissoner distinguished himself: the mantle of Sir John Lawrence rested indeed for the time on one worthy to take his place--one whose every act bore testimony to his English energy and his Christian courage."(12)
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u "There is very little to choose between the two tribes on the Ravi. There the Wattus rose in 1857, and are still addicted to cattle thieving." (13)
GYF HY\ y yH ¥ ¥ : \F 6 : ,Y\ Ã "The Wattus pride themselves on their politeness and hospitality. They are of only moderate industry, profuse in expenditure on special occasions, indifferent to eduction and exceedingly fond of cattle."(14)
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1Thomas Benjamin. "Preface." Encylopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450, 2007 ed. 2 Barbara D. Metcalf, Thomas R.Metcalf, A Concise History of India, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) 103. 3 Rev. J. Cave-Browne, The Punab And Delhi IN 1857, Part ii (London: William Blackwood And Sons, 1861) 206. 4 Punjab Government, Mutiny Records Correspondence Part ii (Lahore: Punjab Government Press, 1911) 83. 5 Punjab Government, Mutiny Records Reports, Part ii (Lahore: Punjab Goverment Press, 1911) 358. 6 Punjab Government, Mutiny Records Reports, Part ii 46. 7 Punjab Government, Mutiny Records Reports, Part ii 43. 8 Rev. J. Cave-Browne, Part ii 202. 9 Rev. J. Cave-Browne, Part ii 203. 10 Punjab Government, Punjab District Gazetteers Montgomery District, (Lahore: Punjab Government Printing,1933) 44. 11 Rev. J. Cave-Browne, Part i 122. 12 Rev. J. Cave-Browne, Part i 133. 13 Punjab Government, Punab District Gazetteers Montgomery District,95. 14 Punjab Government, Punab District Gazetteers Montgomery District, 95.
