IEA
STATISTICS
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RENEWABLES
INFORMATION
2011
International Energy Agency
RENEWABLES INFORMATION
2011 Renewables Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in OECD countries, including 2010 preliminary data. An Introduction, notes, definitions and auxiliary information are provided in Part I. Part II of the publication provides an overview of the development of renewables and waste in the world over the 1990 to 2009 period. A greater focus is given to OECD countries with a review of electricity generation and capacity from renewable and waste energy sources. Part III of the publication provides a corresponding statistical overview of developments in the world and OECD renewable and waste market. Part IV provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for 34 OECD member countries, including 2010 preliminary data. It encompasses energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewables and waste. Renewables Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Coal Information, Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information and Oil Information.
(61 2011 09 1 P1) e110 ISBN 978-92-64-10161-6
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RENEWABLES
INFORMATION
2011 with 2010 data
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.
© OECD/IEA, 2011 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
www.iea.org
IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp
The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I 1. 2. 3.
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
Introduction ................................................... 3 Definitions ...................................................... 5 Sources and notes ...................................... 11
4. 5. 6.
Country notes .............................................. 15 Geographic coverage ................................. 25 Units and conversion factors .................... 27
PART II RENEWABLES MARKET OVERVIEW Development of renewables and waste in the world.................................................................................. 33 Development of renewables and waste in OECD countries Primary energy supply .......................................................................................................................................................37 Electricity production ..........................................................................................................................................................39 Installed generating capacity..............................................................................................................................................43
Concentrating solar power technology roadmap ....................................................................................... 45
PART III RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW Table 1. World: renewables indicators in 2009 ..................................................................................................................53 Table 2. OECD: contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................................56 Table 3. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources ...........................................................................57 Table 4. OECD: share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydro .................................................58 Table 5. OECD: primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2009 ..........................................................................59 Table 6. OECD: estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2010 .........................................................60
PART IV DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA OECD Total................................................................... 63 OECD Americas............................................................ 73 OECD Asia Oceania ..................................................... 83 OECD Europe ............................................................... 93 IEA Total ..................................................................... 103 IEA Americas .............................................................. 113 IEA Asia Oceania ........................................................ 123 IEA Europe.................................................................. 133 Australia ...................................................................... 143 Austria ......................................................................... 153 Belgium ....................................................................... 163 Canada ....................................................................... 173 Chile ............................................................................ 183 Czech Republic ........................................................... 193 Denmark ..................................................................... 203 Estonia ........................................................................ 213 Finland ........................................................................ 223 France ......................................................................... 233 Germany ..................................................................... 243 Greece ........................................................................ 253 Hungary ...................................................................... 263
Iceland .........................................................................273 Ireland ..........................................................................283 Israel ............................................................................293 Italy ..............................................................................303 Japan ...........................................................................313 Korea ...........................................................................323 Luxembourg .................................................................333 Mexico .........................................................................343 Netherlands .................................................................353 New Zealand................................................................363 Norway.........................................................................373 Poland..........................................................................383 Portugal .......................................................................393 Slovak Republic ...........................................................403 Slovenia .......................................................................413 Spain............................................................................423 Sweden ........................................................................433 Switzerland ..................................................................443 Turkey ..........................................................................453 United Kingdom ...........................................................463 United States ...............................................................473
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iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ABBREVIATIONS
GJ
:
Gigajoule (109 joules)
GW
:
Gigawatt
GWh
:
Gigawatt hour = 3.6 Terajoules
kW
:
kilowatt
kWh
:
kilowatt hour
MW
:
Megawatt (electric)
MWh
:
Megawatt hour
MWth : 2
Megawatt thermal
m
:
metre squared
t
:
metric ton = tonne
TJ
:
Terajoule (1012 joules)
1 toe
:
tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 GJ = 107 kcal
TWh
:
Terawatt hour
GDP
:
Gross domestic product
RES
:
Renewable energy sources
TPES
:
Total primary energy supply
c
:
confidential data
e
:
estimated data
..
:
not available
x
:
not applicable
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 1
PART I INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 3
1. INTRODUCTION Renewables Information 2011 is the 10th edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on renewable and waste energies to policy and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors of the renewables industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends, as well as the current energy market situation, provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis to better inform the policy decision process towards policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and international objectives. Renewables Information 2011 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on renewables and waste. It covers production, trade, transformation to electricity and heat, final consumption and installed generating capacity from renewables and waste. This introduction is followed by important information that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication. The information is structured as follows: Part I of the publication provides Introductory Information: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Sources and notes 4. Country notes 5. Geographic coverage 6. Units and conversion factors Part II of the publication provides an overview of developments in the markets for renewables and waste in the world. A greater focus is given to OECD Member countries. It also provides selected renewables indicators for non-OECD countries. This edition of Renewables Information will also present an extract from, “Technology roadmap:
Concentrating solar power”, a publication released in 2010 on the developments in solar power. Part III provides, in a tabular form, a statistical overview corresponding to Part II. Part IV provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and comprehensive picture of developments in renewables and waste for each OECD Member country. The OECD data shown in this publication are primarily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administrations to ensure consistency in time series and with IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. The finalised data provide the basis for Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submissions to the United Nations and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the methodology sections of those publications for more detail on individual non-member countries covered in the publication. All tables are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering CD-ROMs and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA website at www.iea.org. In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-perview basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA website. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
iv - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Jean-Yves Garnier. The IEA would like to acknowledge the dedication and professionalism of the statisticians working on energy data in the countries. Within the IEA, OECD renewables and waste statistics are the responsibility of Wendy Chen. Robert Schnapp had overall responsibility for this publication. Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the nonOECD Member countries section headed by Pierre Boileau, to the OECD Balances section headed by Karen Tréanton, and to Cedric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Unit for his contribution to Part II of the publication. Editorial and desktop publishing
support from Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to: Robert Schnapp or Wendy Chen Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Tel: (33 1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 66 27 Fax: (33 1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail:
[email protected]
What’s New? Starting with this year’s edition, the countries Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, which joined the OECD in 2010, have been incorporated into this publication. All are included in OECD totals. The regional aggregate OECD North America has been changed to OECD Americas and now includes Chile. OECD Pacific has been changed to OECD Asia Oceania and now includes Israel. OECD Europe now includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia in the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. The IEA is currently working with a group of 24 international organisations that collect or use energy statistics. The purpose of this group, called InterEnerStat, is to improve the quality of energy data and reduce the reporting burden by harmonising definitions for energy sources and flows. As a result of this work, the IEA has reorganised the tables to include gas works gas with coal gases and present peat separately from coal. In line with the InterEnerStat work, the IEA has also made some small changes in the terminology that do not affect the definitions. A few examples include: blast furnace gas (which included oxygen steel furnace gas) becomes recovered gases combustible renewables and waste becomes biofuels and waste solid biomass becomes solid biofuels liquid biomass becomes liquid biofuels biogas becomes biogases
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2. DEFINITIONS Products Renewable(s) Energy products included in an aggregate with the adjective “renewable” include: hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biofuels, biogases, liquid biofuels and renewable municipal waste. Total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. Further discussion on the definition of “renewables” with regard to energy statistics is listed in Section 3. Sources and notes.
Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity refers to potential and kinetic energy of water converted into electricity in hydroelectric plants.
Geothermal Energy available as heat emitted from within the earth's crust, usually in the form of hot water or steam. It is used for electricity generation, heat production for sale to third parties or directly as heat in its primary form.
Solar energy Solar radiation exploited for electricity generation and hot water production. Passive solar energy for direct heating, cooling or lighting of dwellings or other buildings is not included. Solar photovoltaic: This is solar radiation exploited for electricity generation by photovoltaic cells.
Solar thermal: This is solar radiation exploited for: hot water production by flat plate collectors (mainly of the thermosyphone type) for domestic hot water or seasonal heating of swimming pools electricity generation by solar thermal-electric plants.
Tide / wave / ocean Mechanical energy derived from tidal movement, wave motion or ocean current and exploited for electricity generation.
Wind Kinetic energy of wind exploited for electricity generation by wind turbines.
Biofuels and Renewable Waste Includes solid biofuels, biogases, liquid biofuels, and the renewable portion of municipal waste:
Solid biofuels covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin which may be used as fuel for heat and electricity production. Note that for biofuels commodities, only the amounts specifically used for energy purposes (a small part of the total) are included in the energy statistics. Therefore, the non-energy use of biofuels is not taken into consideration and the quantities are null by definition. Wood, wood waste, other solid waste (primary sold biofuels): covers wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and crops used for energy production), animal materials/waste, and sulphite lyes (also known as black liquor, this is a sludge that contains the lignin digested from wood for paper making). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
6 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Charcoal: covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material.
excluded from primary hydroelectricity generation. Therefore, it also is excluded from the contribution of renewables.
Biogases is derived principally from the anaerobic fermentation of biofuels and solid waste and is combusted to produce heat and/or power.
Gross heat production
Landfill gas: covers gas formed by the digestion of landfilled waste. Sewage sludge gas: covers gas produced from the anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. Other biogases: covers gas such as biogases produced from the anaerobic fermentation of animal slurries and of waste abattoirs, breweries and other agro-food industries.
Liquid biofuels includes fuels and bioadditives such as biogasoline, biodiesel, and other liquid biofuels. Biogasoline: includes bioethanol, biomethanol, bioETBE and bioMTBE. Biodiesels: includes biodiesel, biodimethylether, Fischer Tropsh, cold pressed biooil and all other liquid biofuels which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel. Other liquid biofuels: includes liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesels.
Municipal waste – renewable consists of the biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or electricity. It comprises waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including biodegradable hospital waste.
Heat production includes all heat produced by main activity producer CHP and heat plants, as well as heat sold by autoproducer CHP and heat plants to third parties. Fuels used to produce quantities of heat for sale are included in transformation processes under the rows CHP plants and heat plants. The use of fuels for heat which is not sold is included under the sectors in which the fuel use occurs.
Other aggregates Non-renewable waste Includes non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. Industrial waste: Industrial waste (e.g. tyres) consists of solid, liquid or gaseous products which are combusted directly, usually in specialised plants, to produce heat and/or electricity. Industrial waste is of non-renewable origin and do not belong to the category of solid biofuels. Municipal waste – non-renewable: Non-renewable municipal waste consists of the non-biodegradable part of municipal waste products that are combusted directly to produce heat and/or electricity. It includes waste produced by the residential, commercial and public services sectors that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location, including non-biodegradable hospital waste.
Flows: energy balance
Electricity and heat Gross electricity production Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. It therefore includes the energy taken by station auxiliaries and losses in transformers that are considered integral parts of the station. Although output from hydro pumped storage plants is included in total hydroelectricity production, it is INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
The renewables and waste balances are presented in detail in Part IV. Table 5, Renewables and waste data, presents the sources of energy in the columns and the origins and uses in the rows. Each table is divided into three main parts: the first shows supply elements, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, and the third shows final consumption broken down into the various enduse sectors.
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The rows, or “flows”, defined below are also used in other tables in this publication (i.e. Total primary energy supply). The energy balance flows have the following functions: Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, etc. The calculation of production of hydroelectricity, geothermal, etc. is explained in Section 6, Units and conversions. Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number. Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production + imports - exports ± stock changes. Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. See the introduction to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries for further details. Electricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs can not be distinguished on a unit basis), then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Both main activity producer1 and autoproducer2 plants are included here. The use of primary and secondary fuels for the production of electricity is shown as a negative entry. Combined heat and power plants (CHP) refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity, sometimes referred to as co-generation
power stations. If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/ heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above is adopted. Both main activity producer and autoproducer plants are included here. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs to electricity production are taken into account, while only the part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included with figures for the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Heat plants refers to plants designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Both main activity producer and autoproducer plants are included here. Charcoal production plants includes the transformation of primary solid biofuels into charcoal. Since charcoal is a secondary product, the production of charcoal (which appears as a positive number in this row) is offset by the inputs of primary solid biofuels (which appears as a negative number in this row) into the charcoal production process. Other transformation covers non-specified transformation not shown elsewhere. Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC 3 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721]. One example is own consumption in power plants (which includes net electricity consumed for pumped storage). Losses includes losses in biogas distribution and transport of combustible renewables and waste. Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Industry consumption is specified in the following sub-sectors (energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport):
1. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. 2. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.
3. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.
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8 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Iron and steel
ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431
Chemical and petrochemical industry
ISIC Divisions 20 and 21, excluding petrochemical feedstocks
Non-ferrous metals
ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432
Non-metallic minerals
ISIC Division 23, such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc.
Transport equipment
ISIC Divisions 29 and 30
Machinery
ISIC Divisions 25 to 28, comprises fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment
Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying
ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099
Food and tobacco
ISIC Divisions 10 to 12
Paper, pulp and printing
ISIC Divisions 17 and 18
Wood and wood products
ISIC Division 16, other than pulp and paper
Construction
ISIC Divisions 41 to 43
Textile and leather
ISIC Divisions 13 to 15
Non-specified
ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32, includes any manufacturing industry not included above Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution.
Transport includes all fuels used to transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] goods or persons within the national territory, irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs. Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 8588, 90-96 and 99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified consumption. Non-specified includes military fuel use for all mobile and stationary consumption (e.g. ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) regardless of whether the fuel delivered is for the military of that country or for the military of another country. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Electricity generated shows the total number of GWh generated by thermal power plants separated into electricity plants and CHP plants, as well as production by hydroelectricity (excluding pumped storage production), geothermal, etc. Heat generated shows the total number of TJ generated by power plants separated into CHP plants and heat plants.
Flows: commodity balance The flows defined below describe the aggregated commodity balance presented in Table 6. These tables include sources of renewable and waste energy, both primary (geothermal, solar thermal, industrial waste, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases, and liquid biofuels) and secondary (charcoal). Data for each product are in original units (see Section 6 for more detail on units).
Production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. combustible renewables and waste, geothermal or solar thermal. Production is calculated after the removal of impurities.
Net imports Net imports are the sum of total imports minus total exports.
Stock changes Stock changes include the difference between opening stock levels and closing stock levels, as well as products transferred.
Gross consumption Gross consumption consists of production + net imports ± stock changes.
Statistical differences The difference between the calculated and the observed gross consumption.
Transformation processes Transformation processes include the conversion of primary forms of energy to secondary forms as well as further transformation.
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Energy industry own use This includes renewable energies and waste consumed by the energy industry to support the transformation activity.
Losses Losses refers to all losses occurring due to transport and distribution.
Final energy consumption The term final energy consumption (equal to the sum of the consumption in the end-use sectors) implies that energy used for transformation processes and for own use by the energy-producing industries is excluded. Final consumption reflects, for the most part, deliveries to consumers.
Industry See Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in industry.
Transport See Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in transport.
Other See Flows: Energy Balance for the sub-sectors included in other.
Additional definitions Net generating capacity Net generating capacity is defined as the sum of net maximum capacities of all stations taken individually at a given period of operation. It is the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all plants running, at the point of outlet to the network. It is assumed that all equipment is in full working order, that the power produced can be disposed of without any restrictions and that optimum conditions prevail as regards primary sources (i.e. flow and head in the case of hydroelectric plants; grades and quantity of fuel in hand and water supply, temperature and purity, in the case of combustible fuel-fired plants and assuming that the output and method of production in CHP plants are those which contribute to maximum electricity production). It represents the sum of all individual plants’ maximum capacities available to run continuously throughout a prolonged period of operation in a day. The capacity is net in the sense that it is the output capacity measured at the station busbars, i.e. after deducting the power consumed by station auxiliaries and losses in station transformers.
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3. SOURCES AND NOTES General notes Energy data for OECD countries are submitted by all OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat in a common format and methodology to allow for international comparisons. One general issue regarding renewable statistics is that the variety of definitions for the word “renewable” may not refer to the same energy sources. Some of the definitions of renewable energy used by national and international bodies include specific renewables technologies such as large hydro, geothermal, peat, municipal waste or industrial waste while others exclude them. Similarly, renewables may or may not include non-commercial biofuels, which has substantial effects regarding renewable data for developing countries. The Renewable Energy Working Party of the International Energy Agency set down the following broad definition: “Renewable Energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Therefore, in this publication the renewable products are: hydro (large, medium and small), geothermal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide, wave, ocean, wind, solid biofuels, biogases, liquid biofuels and renewable municipal waste. It follows that total renewables does not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste, waste
heat, net heat generated by heat pumps, and electricity generated with hydro pumped storage. While some OECD member countries accept industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste as renewable energy sources, many countries exclude them on the grounds that they are not biodegradable. Under the IEA methodology, industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste are excluded from the definition of renewable energy sources. However, these data are included in this publication in order to account for the full range of statistics collected in the Annual Renewables and Waste Questionnaire. Even though data quality improves with each new edition due to the continuous efforts of the IEA in partnership with national administrations, it is important to highlight that difficulties exist in the collection of some data. As a result, there are often breaks in the time series for the countries. For example, one continuing problem is the breakdown between municipal waste and industrial waste. In some countries industrial waste statistics are not of the same quality as those for other products, because renewables and waste data collection systems were not in place in many countries in the early 1990s. Furthermore, the breakdown between the renewable and non-renewable portions of municipal waste is sometimes not known and as a result is based on estimates. The breakdown is important because most countries include the renewable (biodegradable) part of municipal waste in their renewables definition, while they exclude the remainder. The classification of waste as renewable is also important because the nonrenewable component is counted when calculating CO2 emissions. Data collection from off-grid systems that work independently or are connected to a local distribution system also remains a problem. These systems are frequently omitted in national statistics due to difficulties INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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in collecting these data. This is, for example, the case regarding solar energy data, where for a number of countries, production and capacity are likely to be considerably higher than indicated in this publication. Collection of the data presents national governments with some unique challenges. Renewable energy systems tend to be smaller than conventional systems, and harder to track. Operators tend to be more diverse and more numerous. Many systems are connected to the grid at the distribution level, rather than at the transmission level, and so do not require interconnection permits. National governments are seeking to improve data collection methods to capture the total nature of their renewable energies. In general, the dispersion of renewables and waste production, specifically off-grid production (such as domestic solar collectors and/or small wind turbines), creates transparency and measurement problems. Thus, the nature and structure of the renewables energy market impedes data quality and reliability when compared to that of the traditional fossil fuels, which mainly produce heat and electricity in gridconnected plants. Non-commercial biofuels are included in the IEA definition, but data are not always complete. Electricity from fuel cells using hydrogen from renewable, as well as non-renewable, sources is not included in this publication due to a lack of reliable information. Energy flows data reported for 2010 (shown as 2010e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2011 and on monthly submissions to the IEA from Member countries. When using these data, special attention should also be given to the percentage that renewables represents in TPES in countries where the net trade of electricity is large and also represents a significant percentage. In these cases, the high net imports or exports of electricity can heavily influence the percentage of renewables in TPES. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on data available at the time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of nonOECD Countries. Additional information on the methodologies and reporting conventions used here are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Qualifiers Data marked as ‘e’ are the estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data marked as ‘c’ means that data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data marked as ‘..’ means that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as ‘x’ means that the data point is not applicable, that is, there is no meaningful explanation of a value there (for example it is difficult to show the share in total energy sources of stock changes).
Data sources Historical data (1990-2009) The annual historical data in Part III of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.
i) IEA/OECD renewables statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydroelectricity, solid biofuels, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biomass, liquid biofuels, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/ wave/ocean, non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes electricity and heat production from renewable sources and supply/demand balances of renewable and waste products. The main data from this system are published annually in this publication.
ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producer and autoproducer plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.
iii) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics systems of the IEA. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix
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format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.
iv) OECD main economic indicators OECD Main Economic Indicators is a monthly compilation of a range of indicators on recent economic developments for the 34 OECD Member countries. Please refer to this publication for detailed notes regarding the selected indicators.
Latest year data: 2010 Energy data reported for 2010 in this publication are submitted to the Secretariat by Member countries as preliminary data and are shown in this book as 2010e. Final 2010 data on renewables and waste will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in Annual Questionnaires in late 2011. As a result, final data for 2010 and preliminary 2011 data will be published in the 2012 edition of Renewables Information.
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4. COUNTRY NOTES General notes This report is focused on the data from 1990 onward, due to the limited availability of data prior to 1990. The 2010 data are preliminary and are based on national administrations’ own estimates, unless otherwise specified. In cases where the breakdown of municipal waste into renewable and non-renewable components was not reported, the IEA Secretariat estimated equal shares of renewable and non-renewable components.
Australia From 1994, data are for calendar years, whereas data prior to that was on a fiscal year basis. This results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994. Biogas production at sewage treatment plants is unavailable. Prior to 1995, electricity production from biogases was included in natural gas. A different industry consumption breakdown is available from 1996 and leads to breaks in the series. Electricity production from solar thermal power stations begins in 2003. Efficiencies used to calculate the solar thermal inputs to transformation were chosen by the Australian administration to be consistent with their national statistics. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity from 2000 were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report.
Austria Data for solar photovoltaic and wind are available from 1993.
Prior to 2002, data for biogases only included plants of 1 MW or larger. Capacities for other biogases include plants with multi-firing capabilities. Electricity (only) plants data includes CHP plants operating in electricity only mode.
Belgium For 1998 and 1999, electricity production at CHP plants with annual heat output below 0.5 TJ is reported with electricity only plants. In 2003, combustion of municipal waste for electricity and heat generation purposes increased significantly. However, as a portion of the heat produced was not sold it led to a significant drop in plant efficiencies between 2002 and 2003. Data on biodiesels are available starting in 2007. Data on biogasoline are available starting in 2008. Data on biogasoline and biodiesels trade are not available for 2009. Multi-fired electrical generating capacity fired in part by industrial waste is reported under the primary fuel source.
Canada Only gross maximum electrical capacity is available. Inputs of combustible renewables and waste to autoproducer plants generating electricity are estimated by the Canadian administration. The split of municipal waste is reported as 65% renewable and 35% non renewable. The IEA Secretariat has estimated the data for industrial waste from 1990 to 2007, biogasoline (ethanol) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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from 1998 to 2004, municipal waste from 1990 – 2004, and landfill gas from 1997 – 2006 based on information supplied by Natural Resources Canada. Landfill gas production and consumption for 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat using information from Environment Canada, Waste Management. In 2007, a new report was released on municipal solid waste used for electricity and heat production in 2005 and 2006. In addition to the report, the Canadian administration reclassified main activity plants as autoproducers and only had information available on net production of heat and electricity from municipal waste. For the 2011 edition, the Canadian Administration revised solid biofuels from 1990, amongst others, to include wood pellets. Electrical capacities for plants using municipal waste were also revised from 1990 to 2005.
Chile The split of electricity generation by main activity and autoproducer plants and by fuel was estimated by the Chilean Administration for 1990 to 2003. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity from 2007 were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report. Data on heat production in CHP plants is not captured fully by surveys. The Chilean Administration plans to revise heat production in the next cycle. The split of hydro generation by plant size is available from 2004 for main activity and from 2000 for autoproducers. Production of landfill gas ceased in 2001 as landfill sites stopped producing adequate gas to continue collection. Biofuels are co-fired with other fuels for electricity production. For plants where multiple fuels are used for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominate fuel.
Czech Republic The Czech Republic became a separate state in 1993 and since then data have been officially submitted by the Czech administration. This may lead to breaks in series between 1992 and 1993. Data on biogases used in main activity producer CHP and autoproducer heat plants start in 1997. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Data for liquid biofuels are available starting in 1992 and for municipal waste starting in 1999. The restructuring of the Czech electricity market leads to breaks in the time series in all sectors between 1998 and 2000. New survey systems cause breaks in final consumption in 1999 and in 2002. Breaks in both supply and consumption of combustible renewables and waste occur again in 2003. The exports of biodiesels increased in 2005 driven by high prices for the commodity. Hospital waste incinerated with industrial waste is reported as industrial waste instead of municipal solid waste because it is not possible to distinguish the wastes used at incineration facilities of hazardous wastes. In the 2011 edition, the Czech Administration revised the residential data for 1992 to 2002 for solid biofuels.
Denmark Fish oil used in heat plants is included with solid biofuels. Electricity consumption in non-specified energy sectors includes consumption in district heating plants and use for the distribution of electricity. The number of heating companies burning wood chips in boilers that are equipped with flue-gas condensation is increasing. This implies a very high efficiency for heat plants.
Estonia Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in the Former Soviet Union in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Data for biogases include landfill gas starting in 2005. For plants where multiple fuels are used for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominant fuel.
Finland Prior to 1992, outputs from the use of combustible renewables and waste to generate electricity and/or heat were included in peat. Therefore, the IEA Secretariat estimated the breakdown of outputs from municipal waste and solid biofuels based on reported inputs.
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Before 1999, all wood electricity production from autoproducers is allocated to CHP plants.
series in final consumption sub-sectors of industry between 1994 and 1995.
Data for biogases and industrial waste are available from 1996.
The German administration started reporting near surface geothermal energy in 1995, which leads to a break in time series with 1994, where only deep geothermal energy is reported.
Heat output from autoproducer CHP plants became available in 1996. A new survey system and a reclassification of the data led to breaks in series for most products and sectors between 1999 and 2000. Prior to 2004, industrial waste included some other products such as hydrogen, heat from chemical process, natural gas, and blast furnace gas The Finnish National Administration is working on harmonizing combustible renewables and waste data for the years 2000 to 2008, where several breaks exist. Prior to 2009, electricity and heat production from other sources includes production from hydrogen, purchased steam from the industry and waste heat. From 2009 onwards, other sources includes only hydrogen and purchased steam.
France Solar photovoltaic capacity data and electricity production data are collected from two different sources and thus cover two different time periods. Electricity production from wind is available from 1991. Plants using municipal waste were reclassified as autoproducer CHP plants from 1995. In 2005, autoproducer CHP efficiencies for other biogases drop due to the opening of a larger, less efficient plant. For the 2011 edition, electricity production from municipal waste and sewage sludge gas was revised from 2005. The time series for solid biofuels was also revised from 2005.
Germany GDP figures prior to 1991 are based on conversions made by the German Institute for Economic Research (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) and the former Statistical Office of the GDR (Statistisches Amt der DDR). The German Federal Statistics Office reclassified some industrial branches which may cause a break in
A new survey for renewables causes breaks in the time series between 1998 and 1999. In some instances, electricity generation from hydroelectricity, solar and wind in autoproducer electricity plants are confidential or non-available and therefore are included in main activity producer electricity plants. The same applies to gas from biomass from 1999. Electricity consumed in the energy sector is not available for small industrial plants in 2000, which may cause breaks in the time series. The IEA Secretariat estimated missing data for 2001 and 2002 based on statistics published by the Federal Environment Ministry and data submitted in the Electricity and Heat questionnaire. Prior to 2003 electricity production in electricity plants includes production from CHP plants and heat production in CHP plants includes production from heat plants. There is a large drop in the series reported for industrial waste between 2004 and 2005 because new information redistributed amounts previously reported as industrial waste into municipal waste, solid biofuels and biogases. A new reporting system led to a break in series between 2002 and 2003 and again between 2006 and 2007. In 2007, many main activity CHP plants that burn combustible renewables and waste were reclassified as electricity only and a new time series under autoproducer electricity plants was also introduced. The German administration is undertaking the reconciliation of historical data. Electrical capacity of industrial waste in 2007 was estimated by the IEA Secretariat based on shares of electricity production and capacity data available from all combustible fuels. Data from 2007 incorporates a new methodology for reporting heat. From 2007 onwards all heat production in autoproducers is considered as non-sold (i.e. for self-use). Therefore, inputs of combustible renewables and waste for heat production are no longer reported in the transformation sector and appear in final energy consumption, broken down by sector, in 2007. More information on district heat also INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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became available in 2007, resulting in increased inputs to main activity heat plants starting in 2007. These issues combined to cause breaks in the transformation and final consumption time series between 2006 and 2007. Prior to 2008, data for municipal solid waste and industrial waste data were collected together and the split between the two types of waste had been estimated. Starting in 2008, municipal solid waste and industrial waste data were collected separately. This leads to breaks in the time series between 2007 and 2008.
Greece No heat production of solar heat is reported although it exists. Inputs of solid biofuels to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming an efficiency of 40%. Data on industrial waste are available from 1992. New information on solid biofuels is available from 1996. Data on direct use of geothermal energy in the residential sector is available starting in 2004. The Greek administration is investigating the reporting methods of geothermal and solar thermal data. Industrial waste used in autoproducer CHP plants decreased substantially in 2006 because a plant closed.
Hungary Electricity and heat production from solid biofuel autoproducer CHP plants is available from 1995. Geothermal heat production from main activity producer heat plants is also available from 1995. From 1995, a better allocation of solid biofuel used in autoproducer CHP plants and specific industry sectors is available. The Hungarian administration reclassified some of their plants in 1996 and 2000 which may lead to breaks in the time series. Data for wind and solar thermal are available from 2001. Industrial waste data are available from 2003. Data for biogases are available from 2000. Biodiesels production is available from 2007. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Iceland Electricity production from geothermal sources in CHP plants is available from 1992. Heat production from municipal waste is available from 1993. In 1998, 60 MW of generating capacity was installed in a single geothermal CHP plant. The extra electricity capacity caused electricity production from geothermal to almost double. In 2002, the increase of heat produced by geothermal was due to the installation of a third unit at the Nesjavellir CHP power plant. In 2007, the Icelandic administration decided not to estimate the allocation of geothermal consumption amongst the sub-sectors of the industry sector as they had done from 1999 – 2006 and instead reported all industry consumption under not-elsewhere specified. Biogases used for transport purposes were reported for the first time in 2007. The increase in hydroelectric and geothermal electricity production and capacity in 2007 and 2008 is due to the expansion of the aluminium industry.
Ireland Electricity production from wind begins in 1992. From 1993 to 1995, end-use consumption of gas from biomass is included in the transformation sector. Data for municipal waste are available from 2009. In 2009, production and trade of biogasoline and biodiesels cannot be distinguished due to confidentiality issues.
Israel Electricity production from wind begins in 2001. Data on the breakdown of hydroelectric plants by size became available in 2009. For 2009, other liquid biofuel and municipal waste inputs to transformation are estimated by the IEA Secretariat. For 2009, solar photovoltaic electricity generation is also estimated.
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Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity from 2000 were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report. Estimates of solar photovoltaic electrical capacity for 2009 were made by the IEA using data published in the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme.
Italy Up to 2003, solid biofuels capacity includes industrial waste capacity. Heat produced for sale (distributed heat) was not available and hence not officially reported to the IEA until 2004. From 2000 onwards, the Italian administration defines electricity production from autoproducers as including generation from producers consuming more than 70% of their own production. However, for the 2000 to 2002 period all electricity production from autoproducers is reported with main activity producers. Biofuels and wastes were reclassified in 2008 which result in several breaks in the transformation sector. Data collection for wood and other solid biofuels enduse by sector was improved in 2008. The methodology of data collection for photovoltaic electricity production changed in 2009 and the distinction between main activity and autoproducer plants could not be determined, causing a break in the time series. The Italian Administration plans to revise the photovoltaic electricity time series for the next cycle.
Japan Data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 2009 to March 2010 for 2009). As a result, solar thermal data are not yet available for 2009, and was estimated as equal to 2008. Electricity and heat produced in CHP plants are not included in the data series. Heat produced and sold from geothermal and solar thermal sources is not reported in the transformation sector. Stock changes in industrial waste represent stocked tyres on the consumer side reserved for energy production.
Inputs to charcoal production are estimated by the IEA Secretariat assuming an efficiency of 40%. Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic and wind in autoproducer electricity plants is understated as it only covers generation from plants with capacity of 1000kW or more. Prior to 1998, the electricity produced using TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) was included with electricity generated from wood, wood waste and other solid waste. National surveys which gathered data on the production of electricity from solar photovoltaic were suspended from 1998 to 2004. The Japanese administration used the data reported in 1997 and assumed stable production in order to estimate the data for 1998 to 2004. A break in time series occurs in 2005 when the survey was restarted and updated production figures were available. From 2005 to 2007, the electricity produced in main activity electricity plants from solar photovoltaic decreased because plants were out of operation due to maintenance. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2010 Edition). The IEA Secretariat estimated the photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation from autoproducers starting in 1992 based on an average capacity factor of 12% and capacity data for autoproducers. Autoproducer PV capacity is derived from data from the Japanese Administration as well as the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS) report, “Trends in Photovoltaic Applications” published in 2010. The capacity factor was based on the report “National survey report of PV Power Applications in Japan 2009”, published in 2010 by IEA-PVPS. The corresponding electricity consumption has been included with nonspecified other consumption.
Korea Direct use of geothermal heat is available from 2002. Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs of electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Data on pumped storage in electricity plants are available from 1991. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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For heat production and a part of electricity production for 1990 to 2004 estimates were made by the IEA Secretariat. Prior to 2007, the consumption of landfill gas in main activity CHP plants may have been included in main activity heat plants. Difficulties in ownership classification are also the reason landfill gas data only appears one time in the commercial and public services sector in 2006.
Luxembourg A majority of the hydroelectricity production shown is from the Vianden pumped storage plant and is exported directly to Germany.
produced is broken down into Electricity only, CHP and Heat only. In 2006 some plants changed ownership and classification from electricity only to CHP as they started heat projects. This has an impact on the balance of municipal waste and landfill gas. Biodiesels imports data are net imports which include exports. Production of biogasoline stopped in 2009. Direct use of geothermal heat is available from 1990 and direct use of solar thermal heat from 2002.
New Zealand
Data for solar thermal are available starting in 1999.
From 1994, data are for calendar years, whereas data prior to that was on a fiscal year basis. This results in a break in series between 1993 and 1994.
Electricity and heat production from biogases are available from 1999.
Electricity production by autoproducers from geothermal is available from 1990.
For the 2011 edition, the Luxembourgian Administration revised the time series for municipal waste from 1990, biogases from 1998 and solid biofuels from 1999.
Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1990 and on direct use of solar thermal heat is available from 2002.
Data on solid biofuels are available from 1992.
Mexico Electricity production from wind is available from 1990.
In the 2011 edition, the New Zealand Administration revised several time series back to 1990.
Norway
Data on biogases are available from 1997.
Data for industrial waste and biogases are available from 1991.
Direct use of solar thermal and electricity production from solar PV is available from 1990.
Electricity production from wind is available from 1992.
Data for solid biofuels used in autoproducer electricity plants from 1991 to 2005 have been estimated by the Mexican Administration. In the 2011 edition, the Mexican Administration adopted the methodology presented in the “Study on the National Evolution of Wood and Charcoal Consumption in Mexico, 1990-2024”, leading to revisions of solid biomass data from 1990 to 2008.
Netherlands All electricity and heat produced from biofuels and waste is included in CHP plants for the years 19901994. From 1995 onwards the electricity and heat INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Heat production from biogases is available from 1995. Breaks in series between 1996 and 1997 are due to a reclassification of main activity producers and autoproducers. Distribution losses for biogases are included in commercial/public services prior to 2003. Only biodiesel imports are available starting in 2006. Prior to 2007, equal shares of renewable and nonrenewable waste were estimated because the actual split was not known. Estimates of solar thermal collector capacity were made by the IEA Secretariat using data published in the IEA-Solar Heating and Cooling Programme Annual Report (2010 Edition).
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Data for biogases refer only to the gas from fermentation of biomass.
Until 2000, electricity statistics have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat. From 1993, IEA estimates are based on direct submissions from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic and the Power Research Institute (EGU) of Bratislava.
Data for industrial waste includes gaseous industrial waste.
Prior to 2001, the data reported as industrial waste includes biogases and municipal wastes.
Due to changes in data availability, there is a large increase in solid biofuels between 1992 and 1993.
Data on direct use of geothermal and solar thermal became available in 2001 and 2005, respectively.
Poland
The Polish administration adopted new methodologies to estimate the production of heat sold in heat plants (1993) and in CHP plants (1995). This causes breaks in the series for years from 1992 to 1995 for heat production and fuel inputs in these plants. Changes in the data collection process lead to breaks in the series between 1996 and 1997. Before 2000, industrial waste was used interchangeably with light fuel oil in some plants, which might result in breaks in the time series.
Slovenia Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries in Former Yugoslavia. A new data collection system was implemented in January 2001, causing some breaks in time series between 1999 and 2000.
Data on direct use of geothermal became available in 2000.
The Slovenian Administration plans to revise the total final consumption for solid biofuels with the results from a new household survey next cycle.
Data on direct use of solar thermal became available in 2002.
Breaks in total final consumption for industrial waste are a result of a sectoral reclassification.
Data on liquid biofuels are available starting in 2003. Industrial waste and solid biofuels are co-fired with other fuels for electricity production. For plants where multiple fuels are used for electricity production, capacities are reported under the dominant fuel.
Portugal Data on direct use of geothermal heat are available from 1994. Data are available from 1994 for biogases, from 1999 for municipal waste and from 2003 for industrial waste.
Slovak Republic The Slovak Republic became a separate state in 1993 and harmonised its statistics to EU standards in 2000. These two facts lead to several breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993, and between 2000 and 2001.
Spain Solar and geothermal data are available from 1994. The Spanish administration verifies that production and consumption of industrial waste do exist but data are not available starting in 2001. New reporting systems were implemented in 2000 and again in 2006 which resulted in a reclassification of many plants from main activity to autoproducer and vice versa. This leads to breaks in the time series for the transformation sector and final consumption sectors between 1999 and 2000 and again between 2005 and 2006. In 2006, it was discovered that some autoproducer electricity plants using biogases were actually autoproducer CHP plants. Therefore, prior to 2006, inputs of biogases used to generate process heat were erroneously included as inputs to the transformation sector when they should have been reported in the appropriate industry in the final consumption. Electricity production from solar thermal plants is available from 2007. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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In 2010, the National Energy Commission reclassified plants that consume biogases, leading to breaks in series between 2007 and 2008.
Sweden Heat production from solid biofuels in autoproducer CHP includes waste heat and chemical heat. Heat produced for sale in heat pumps is reported from 1992. Data for biogases also begins in 1992. Before 1992, it is included in solid biofuels. From 1990 to 2006, municipal waste was reported as 60% non-renewable and 40% renewable. In 2007, reanalysis of the waste revealed the content was 40% non-renewable and 60% renewable. This results in a break in the time series between 2006 and 2007 for both renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. Biogases used for transport purposes were reported for the first time in 2008.
Switzerland Geothermal direct use is overstated as it refers to heat production by geothermal heat pumps, which include inputs from electricity and/or gas in the transformation process. Electricity production from wind and pumped storage by autoproducers is available from 1996.
In 1995, the Turkish administration reclassified autoproducer plants by type and source to be consistent with IEA definitions. This causes breaks between 1994 and 1995 for electricity production. Electricity production from wind is available starting in 1998. Prior to 1998, consumption in the wood and wood products sector includes that of the paper, pulp and printing industry.
United Kingdom Prior to 2001, some of the industrial waste was reported with other oil products. Final consumption of industrial waste in commercial/public services includes hospital waste, which should be shown under municipal waste. The efficiency of electricity production from industrial waste increased in 2005 and 2006 due to increased capturing and reusing of waste heat to generate electricity. In the 2011 edition, the net calorific value adjustment for municipal waste was revised, leading to a break in series between 2004 and 2005.
United States The Energy Information Administration collects generation and consumption data from all plants 1 MW or more in capacity. Capacity is net summer capacity.
A new final consumption survey for the industrial and public services sectors was administered in 1999 which result in a break in the time series with previous years.
Heat production from solid biofuels became available in 1991.
The autoproducer heat plant that produced heat for sale using municipal waste was closed in 2006.
Data on liquid biofuels became available in 1993.
For the 2011 edition, the Swiss Administration revised the time series for geothermal, solar thermal, municipal wastes and solid biofuels from 1990.
Turkey The Turkish administration surveys renewables and waste used for power and heat intermittently. Due to this fact some breaks may appear in the combustible renewables and waste series. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Data on industrial waste and gas from biomass for 1990 and 1991 were estimated by IEA Secretariat. Solar thermal electricity production was overstated for the years prior to 1999 because it included electricity production from natural gas occurring in solar thermal power plants. The US introduced a new methodology for data from 1999. From 1999, independent power producers are included in main activity producers, leading to breaks in series between 1998 and 1999. In addition, all heat produced by autoproducers is included in final consumption from 1999 on because the US administration cannot distinguish between the heat used directly onsite and the heat sold.
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Prior to 2006 gross heat production in CHP plants was consistently assumed to be 80% efficient and all other losses at the plant were allocated to production of electric power. In 2006, the EIA revised their methodologies for allocating shares of gross energy output to electricity and heat in CHP plants and the new method proportionately distributes a CHP plant’s losses between the heat and electricity assuming equal efficiency. Solar PV capacity was estimated by the Energy Information Administration for 2003 to 2009. These estimates include on-grid connected and off-grid installations. Solar PV electricity production reported for main activity producers refers only for gridconnected central power stations.
The IEA Secretariat estimated US photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation from autoproducers starting in 1999 by multiplying the dispersed and distributed PV capacity estimated by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) by an average capacity factor of 12%. The capacity factor was based on a report published in 2007 by the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, “Cost and Performance Trends in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems and Case Studies”. The corresponding electricity consumption has been included with non-specified other consumption. Prior to 2008, heat produced by heat pumps was incorrectly reported as geothermal use in residential and commercial/public services.
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5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco, but excludes the French overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Germany includes the new Federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Netherlands Antilles.
Suriname
and
the
Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia1, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel 2 , Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic,
1. Estonia and Slovenia are included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia in the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. 2. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law
Slovenia1, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. With the exceptions of Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico and Slovenia, all 34 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and, therefore, exclude non-IEA Members, shown in italics in the OECD aggregates. OECD Americas comprises Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States. OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia1, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia1, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Asia Oceania comprises Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Other Africa includes Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Uganda and Western Sahara. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America. Other Latin America includes Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico (for natural gas and electricity), St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia.
Other Asia includes Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Maldives, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia includes Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus 3 , Gerogia, Gibraltar, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia4, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
3. Footnote by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue. Footnote by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 4. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.
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6. UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Primary energy conventions There are two assumptions that must be made when constructing an energy balance for certain renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, hydro, wind, etc. They are: 1) the form of the primary energy; and 2) the method for calculation of the primary energy equivalent. The conventions for these are described below.
1) Choice of the primary energy form For each of these sources, there is a need to define the form of primary energy to be considered; for instance, in the case of hydro energy, a choice must be made between the kinetic energy of falling water and the electricity produced. For photovoltaic electricity, the choice is between the solar radiation received and the electricity produced. The principle adopted by the IEA is that the primary energy form should be the first energy form downstream in the production process for which multiple energy uses are practical. The application of this principle leads to the choice of the following primary energy forms: Heat from geothermal and solar thermal; Electricity from hydropower, wind, tide/wave/ ocean and solar photovoltaic.
2) Calculation of the primary energy equivalent There are essentially two methods that can be used to calculate the primary energy equivalent of the above energy sources: the partial substitution method and the physical energy content method. The partial substitution method: In this method, the primary energy equivalent of the above sources of electricity generation represents the amount of energy that would be necessary to generate an identical amount of electricity in conventional thermal power plants. The primary energy equivalent is calculated
using an average generating efficiency of these plants. This method has several shortcomings, including the difficulty in choosing an appropriate generating efficiency and the fact that the partial substitution method is not relevant for countries with a high share of hydro electricity. For these reasons, the IEA has, as most of the international organizations have, adopted the physical energy content method. The physical energy content method: This method uses the physical energy content of the primary energy source as the primary energy equivalent. As a consequence, there is an obvious link between the principles adopted in defining the primary energy forms of energy sources and the primary energy equivalent of these sources. For instance, in the case of solar thermal and geothermal electricity production, where heat is selected as the primary energy form by the IEA, the primary energy equivalent is the quantity of heat generated in the geothermal or solar thermal plant for electricity generation. In the case of hydropower, wind, tide and solar PV, where electricity is selected as the primary energy form, the primary energy equivalent is the physical energy content of the electricity generated in the plant, which amounts to assuming an efficiency of 100%. For geothermal, if no country-specific information was reported, the primary energy equivalent is calculated as follow: 10% for geothermal electricity 50% for geothermal heat Since these two types of energy balances differ significantly in the treatment of electricity from solar, hydro, wind, etc., the share of renewables in total energy supply will appear to be very different depending on the method used. As a result, when looking at the percentages of various energy sources in total supply, it is important to understand the underlying conventions that were used to calculate the primary energy balances. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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Units Original units Electricity is expressed in gigawatt hours and heat is expressed in terajoules Non-combustible renewables have original units of their primary energy form (see Primary energy conventions for the primary energy form of noncombustible renewables). Primary solid biofuels, biogases, municipal waste, and industrial waste are presented in their original units in terajoules on a net calorific basis. The Secretariat does not receive information on volumes and other characteristics of these fuels. Liquid biofuels and charcoal have original units in 1000 tonnes.
Energy balance units The IEA energy balance methodology is based on the net calorific content of the energy commodities and a common unit of account. The unit of account adopted by the IEA is the tonne of oil equivalent (toe) which is defined as 107 kilocalories (41.868 gigajoules). This quantity of energy is, within a few percent, equal to the net heat content of 1 tonne of crude oil. Throughout this publication 1 tonne means 1 metric ton or 1000 kg.
Conversion (from original units to toe) The change from using the original units to tonnes of oil equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. This problem can be approached in many different ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil, etc. The main objection to this method is that it results in distortions since there can be a wide spread between calorific values of fuels (i.e. liquid biofuels) in different countries. For charcoal, biogasoline, biodiesels and other liquid biofuels, specific factors have been used for production, imports and exports based on consultations with experts from the national administrations. The balances are expressed in terms of “net” calorific value. The difference between the “net” and the INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
“gross” calorific value for each fuel is the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is about 5% less than gross, for most forms of natural and manufactured gas the difference is 9-10%, while for electricity and heat there is no difference as the concept has no meaning in this case. The use of net calorific value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. Electricity data are converted from original units of gigawatt hours to million tonnes of oil equivalent using the relationship: 1 terawatt hour = 0.086 Mtoe.
Biofuels and waste Data for primary solid biofuels, biogases, municipal waste and industrial waste are converted from original units in terajoules to energy balance units in tonne of oil equivalent using 1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. Data for charcoal and liquid biofuels are converted from original units in tonnes to energy balance units in tonne of oil equivalent using the average net calorific values given at the end of this section. Unless country-specific information has been provided, data are converted using the following average net calorific values: Charcoal: 30 800 kJ/kg Biogasoline: 26 800 kJ/kg Biodiesels: 36 800 kJ/kg Other liquid biofuels: 36 800 kJ/kg
Electricity Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity (i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe). Hydroelectricity production and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide/wave/ocean, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. The primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% conversion efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat, if the actual geothermal efficiency is not known,
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 29
then the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe.
Heat Information on heat is supplied in terajoules (TJ) and 1 TJ = 0.00002388 Mtoe.
In the case of heat produced in a geothermal plant, if the actual geothermal efficiency is not known, then the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 50%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.5) Mtoe. For direct use of geothermal and solar thermal heat, all the heat consumed is accounted for in production and consumption.
Conversion factors General conversion factors for energy To: From: TJ Gcal
TJ
Gcal
Mtoe multiply by:
MBtu
1
238.8 1
2.388 x 10-5
947.8 3.968
Mtoe
4.1868 x 10-3 4.1868 x 104
MBtu GWh
1.0551 x 10-3 3.6
10-7 1
107 0.252 860
3.968 x 10
2.52 x 10-8
GWh 0.2778 1.163 x 10-3 11630
7
2.931 x 10-4 1
1 3412
8.6 x 10-5
Conversion factors for mass To: From: kilogramme (kg) tonne (t) long ton (lt) short ton (st) pound (lb)
kg
t
lt multiply by:
st
lb
1 1000 1016 907.2 0.454
0.001 1 1.016 0.9072
9.84 x 10-4 0.984 1 0.893
1.102 x 10-3 1.1023 1.120 1
4.54 x 10-4
4.46 x 10-4
5.0 x 10-4
2.2046 2204.6 2240.0 2000.0 1
Conversion factors for volume To: From: U.S. gallon (gal) U.K. gallon (gal) Barrel (bbl) Cubic foot (ft3) Litre (l) Cubic metre (m3)
gal U.S.
gal U.K.
1 1.201 42.0 7.48 0.2642 264.2
0.8327 1 34.97 6.229 0.220 220.0
bbl ft3 multiply by: 0.02381 0.1337 0.02859 0.1605 1 5.615 0.1781 1 0.0063 0.0353 6.289 35.3147
l
m3
3.785 4.546 159.0 28.3 1 1000.0
0.0038 0.0045 0.159 0.0283 0.001 1
Decimal prefixes 101 102 103 106
deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k)
109
mega (M) giga (G)
1012
tera (T)
1015 1018
10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6
deci (d) centi (c) milli (m)
10-9
micro (µ) nano (n)
peta (P)
10-12 10-15
femto (f)
exa (E)
10-18
atto (a)
pico (p)
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30 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Average net calorific values for 2009 Country
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Charcoal
Biogasoline
Biodiesels
Other liquid biofuels
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
30800 31000 29300 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 31000 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 29300 30800 30800 30800 30000 30800 30800 30000 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800 30800
26800 26700 26860 26800 26800 27000 26700 26800 27500 26805 26660 26800 26600 26800 24091 26800 26800 26800 26800 27000 26800 27150 26800 26800 30883 26800 22650 26670 26753 26886 26524 26800 26800 26747
36800 36600 38052 36800 36800 37100 37600 36800 36800 37400 37100 37980 37500 36800 37273 36800 37400 36800 38210 37000 36800 37000 36800 36800 38400 37000 40400 36900 37555 37513 32040 37046 36800 40933
29600 33102 37000 36800 36800 36800 36800 36800 36800 36800 23208 36800 36800 36800 36364 36800 36700 36800 36800 39763 36800 35600 36800 36800 38400 36800 36800 36800 37555 42095 36800 36800 36800 21583
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 31
PART II RENEWABLES MARKET OVERVIEW
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 33
DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD In 2009, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 12 169 Mtoe, of which 13.1%, or 1 589 Mtoe, was produced from renewable energy sources (Figure 1). The shares of other energy sources were as follows: 32.9% oil, 27.1% coal, 20.9% natural gas and 5.8% nuclear energy. Figure 1: 2009 fuel shares in world total primary energy supply
Nuclear 5.8%
Renewables 13.1%
Hydro 2.3%
Biofuels and waste 9.9%
Oil 32.9% Coal 27.1%
Figure 2: 2009 product shares in world renewable energy supply Liquid biofuels 3.4%
Geothermal 3.9% Solar, Tide 1.0%
Other* 0.2% Natural Gas 20.9%
still marginal, collectively representing approximately 0.3% of world TPES, or 2.5% of renewables supply.
Other ren** 0.8%
* Other includes electricity from energy sources not defined above such as non-renewable wastes, peat, and chemical heat ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Due to its widespread non-commercial use (i.e. residential heating and cooking) in developing countries, solid biofuels (excluding wastes) are by far the largest renewable energy source, representing 9.2% of world TPES, 70.2% of global renewables supply (Figure 2). The second largest source is hydro power, which provides 2.3% of world TPES, or 17.7% of renewables. Geothermal is the third largest renewable source and is much smaller, representing 0.5% of world TPES, or 3.9% of renewables supply in the world, closely followed by liquid biofuels, with 0.4% of world TPES and 3.4% of world renewables supply. The contributions of solar, wind and tide to energy supply are
Wind 1.5%
Biofuels and waste 75.9%
Renewable mun. waste 0.9%
Solid biofuels/ charcoal 70.2%
Hydro 17.7% Biogases 1.4% Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at an average annual rate of 1.8%, which is slightly higher than the growth rate of world TPES, 1.7% (Figure 3). Growth has been especially high for solar photovoltaic and wind power, which grew at average annual rates of 43.5% and 25.1%, respectively. However, this is due to their very low bases in 1990, as the production still remains small. OECD countries account for most of the world production and growth of solar and wind energy. Biogases had the third highest growth rate at 14.9% per year, followed by liquid biofuels and solar thermal which both grew at 10.0% per year. Solid biofuels (including charcoal), which are the largest contributor to renewable energy in the world, has experienced the slowest growth among the renewable energy sources, with a growth rate of 1.2% per annum. Non-OECD countries account for most of the production of solid biofuels, but its growth is comparable for OECD and non-OECD countries. The INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
34 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
average annual growth rate of hydroelectric power in non-OECD countries, 3.6% between 1990 and 2009, was larger than in OECD countries, which was only 0.6%. Growth was particularly strong in Vietnam (9.5%), China (8.7%), and Myanmar (6.8%) in the Asia region, in the Dominican Republic (7.8%) in the Latin American region, in Mozambique (24.0%) and Angola (8.1%) in the African region and Jordan (9.2%) in the Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia region. Figure 3: Annual growth rates of world renewables supply from 1990 to 2009 50%
Solar PV 43.5%
45%
Because of their heavy non-commercial use of solid biofuels, non-OECD countries are the principal renewable energy users, accounting for 75.4% of world total renewables supply. On the other hand, while OECD countries supply only 24.6% of world renewables, they constitute 43.0% of the world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries the share of renewables in total energy supply is only 7.5% compared to 48.4% in Africa, 31.2% in Latin America, 26.8% in Asia, and 11.8% in China (Figure 5). However, the OECD countries play a major role when looking at “new” renewables, supplying 70.4% of world energy from solar, wind, tide, renewable municipal waste, biogases and liquid biofuels in 2009. Figure 5: 2009 shares of renewables of regional total primary energy supply
40% 35% Wind 25.1%
30%
60%
25%
Solid Geothermal Hydro biofuels/ 3.2% 2.2% Charcoal 1.2%
10% 5%
Total 1.7%
Renew. 1.8%
0%
In 2009, the hydroelectric share of non-OECD countries reached 59.7% and it is expected that any further increase in the world will be from these countries, as most of the remaining hydro potential resides in these countries. The largest share of solid biofuels, 86.0%, is produced and consumed in non-OECD countries, where developing countries, situated mainly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential cooking and heating (Figure 4). Africa, which accounts for only 5.5% of the world’s total TPES in 2009, supplied 28.0% of the world’s solid biofuels supply. Figure 4: 2009 regional shares in renewables supply Solid Biofuels Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia 1.2%
China (Region) 17.4%
Asia excluding China 30.4%
Middle East 0.1%
Africa 28.0%
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia 8.9%
Middle East 0.4%
40% 31.2% 30%
26.8%
20% 11.8% 10%
7.5% 3.8%
OECD Total
Africa
Latin America
Asia excluding China
* Excludes pump storage generation Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Middle East
Electricity plants 25.6% Combined heat & power plants 1.5%
Residential/ Comm. & Public* 53.7%
Heat plants 0.4% Other* 4.1%
Asia excluding China 7.4% Latin America 21.2%
China Non-OECD (Region) Europe and Eurasia
While about half of the renewable primary energy supply in OECD countries is used in the transformation sector to generate electricity and sold heat, on a global level a majority of renewables is consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Again, this is a consequence of widespread biofuels use in the residential sector of developing countries. In fact, only 27.6% of renewables are used for electricity production and heat production worldwide, while 53.7% are used in the residential, commercial and public sectors (Figure 6).
OECD Total 40.3%
China (Region) 18.8%
Latin America 9.0%
0.5%
0%
Figure 6: 2009 world sectoral consumption of renewables
Hydro*
OECD Total 14.0%
Average annual growth rate
15%
48.4%
50%
Biogases Liquid 14.9% Solar thermal biofuels 10.0% 10.0%
20%
Africa 3.0%
Transport 3.3%
Industry 11.3%
*Other transformation, energy industry own use, losses **Includes the Agriculture/ forestry, fishing and non-specified industries. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 35
Renewables are the third largest contributor to global electricity production. They accounted for 19.3% of world generation in 2009, after coal (40.4%) and slightly behind gas (21.4%), but ahead of nuclear (13.4%) and oil (5.2%). Hydroelectricity supplies the vast majority of renewable electricity, generating 16.3% of world electricity, and 84.2% of total renewable electricity. Biofuels and waste, including solid biofuels, play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1.3% of world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geothermal, solar and wind energies accounted for only 1.8% of world electricity production in 2009.
Renewable electricity generation grew worldwide since 1990 on average by 2.8% per annum, which is comparable to total electricity generation. While 19.5% of global electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this share fell slightly to 19.3% in 2009. This decrease is mainly the result of slow growth of the main renewable source, hydroelectric power, with its share of total world electricity production falling from 18.2% in 1990 to 16.3% in 2009. Taking out hydroelectricity from renewables, the share of the remaining renewable sources used to produce electricity grew from 1.3% in 1990 to 3.0% in 2009.
Figure 7: Fuel shares in world electricity production in 2009
Since 1990 renewable electricity grew at an average annual average rate of 1.7% in OECD countries, while it grew by 4.0% in non-OECD countries. However, in non-OECD countries, renewable electricity grew slower than the total electricity growth (4.0% versus 4.5%). In all non-OECD regions, excluding nonOECD Europe and Eurasia, electricity growth has been higher than in the OECD. These regions include developing economies, such as those in Asia and Africa, where the population growth is much higher. In addition, as income increases, people switch from fuel wood and charcoal to kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases for cooking, and have better access to electricity through electrification programmes. As a consequence, future electricity growth, including renewable electricity growth, is expected to remain higher in nonOECD countries than in OECD countries.
Other* 0.3%
Natural Gas 21.4%
Oil 5.2%
Nuclear 13.4%
Renewables 19.3%
Coal 40.4%
Hydro 16.3%
Biofuels and waste 1.3%
Other Renewables** 1.8%
* Other includes electricity from energy sources not defined above such as non-renewable wastes, peat, and chemical heat ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 37
DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES One of the highlights of the OECD situation in 2010 is the strong growth of the renewable primary energy supply. In 2010, the share of renewables in total primary energy supply reached 7.6%, the highest share since the IEA time series began in 1990. This growth was unhindered by the global recession and slowdown in economic activity in 2009. In fact, renewable TPES experienced an opposite trend as it increased 2.0% between 2008 and 2009 and an additional 5.2% between 2009 and 2010. The 5.2% year over year increase for 2010 represents the highest growth rate for renewable energy since data were first collected in 1990. As a result, the share of renewables in total primary energy supply increased from 7.5% in 2009 to 7.6% in 2010 (Figure 8). This growth was driven by OECD Europe, as it experienced an increase in renewable TPES from 10.0% in 2009 to 10.4% in 2010, mostly due to the implementation of policies that promote renewable energy.
Primary energy supply Summary: 1990 – 2010 estimated In OECD countries, total primary energy supply (TPES) from renewable sources increased from 268 Mtoe to 412 Mtoe between 1990 and 2010, yielding an average annual growth of 2.2%. By comparison, the growth of TPES for conventional energy sources (including coal, oil, gas and nuclear) in the OECD countries between 1990 and 2010 was 0.8%. Over this time period, renewables contribution to total OECD primary energy supply grew from 5.9% to 7.6%. The largest proportion of renewable primary energy supply in the OECD comes from biofuels and waste, which accounts for 57.1% of the renewable supply (Figure 9). Of these biofuels, solid biofuels, including wood, wood wastes, other solid wastes and charcoal,
Figure 8: 2010 fuel shares in OECD total primary energy supply Natural Gas 24.5%
Other* 0.4% Nuclear 11.0%
Hydro 2.1%
Renewables 7.6%
Oil 36.3%
Coal 20.2%
Biofuels and waste 4.3%
Other ren** 1.1%
* Other includes energy sources not classified elsewhere such as nonrenewable combustible wastes, ambient air for pumps, fuel cells, hydrogen, etc. ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
constitutes the largest share, 39.6% of the supply. The second largest renewable energy source is hydroelectric power, providing 28.0% of renewable primary energy. With a 10.3% share, liquid biofuels is the third largest renewable energy source, followed by geothermal with 7.7% of the renewables supply. Figure 9: 2010 product shares in OECD renewable energy supply Liquid biofuels 10.3%
Geothermal Solar, Tide 7.7% 1.9% Wind 5.4% Biofuels and waste 57.1%
Renewable mun. waste 3.3%
Hydro 28.0%
Solid biofuels/ charcoal 39.6%
Biogases 3.8%
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
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38 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Figure 10: Annual growth rates of renewable supply from 1990 to 2010 in OECD total Liquid biofuels 55.6%
60%
Solar PV 44.2%
50% 40% 30%
Wind 23.4%
20% 10%
Biogases 12.2% Solar Total 0.9%
Renew. 2.2%
0%
Solid thermal biofuels/ 5.3% Charcoal 1.1%
Geothermal Hydro 0.9% 0.6%
These major sources influenced much of the growth of total renewables between 1990 and 2001 (Figure 11). However, since 2001, a majority of renewables growth can be attributed to “new” renewables, a loosely defined term used in the industry to delineate between traditional and more recent technologies used to produce renewable energy. Technologies that utilise solar energy, wind, tide, liquid biofuels, and biogases penetrated the supply and were responsible for the growth in renewable energy between 2001 and 2010 (Figure 11). For example, liquid biofuels experienced the highest growth among the renewables, averaging 55.6% between 1990 and 2010. Also experiencing growth rates well above other renewables are solar photovoltaic, 44.2%, and wind, 23.4% per annum since 1990, the second and third highest growth rates, respectively, due to subsidies provided by the governments. Biogases have grown much more rapidly than solid biofuels, with an average annual growth rate of 12.2%. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Figure 11: OECD renewable primary energy supply by product 450 400 350
Mtoe
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Hydro Solid Biofuels/ Charcoal Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Renew. mun. waste, liquid biofuels, biogases
However, despite these significant growth rates, the contribution of such “new” renewables to the total energy supply is still minor. Wind, solar, tide, renewable municipal waste, liquid biofuels and biogases combined still represent only 1.9% of total primary energy supply. Nevertheless, their growing contribution to the renewable energy supply should be noted as they increased from 3.2% in 1990 to 24.8% in 2010. Among the different OECD regions, OECD Europe has the highest share of primary energy supply from renewable sources, with 10.4% in 2010 (Figure 12). It is also the OECD area that has experienced the largest increase (from 5.8%) in its renewable share since 1990. The increase of the renewable share in OECD Europe is the result of the implementation of strong policies supporting renewable energy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. More recently, the European Union Figure 12: OECD regional shares in renewable energy supply 12% 10% Share of renewable energy
While these four renewable energy sources constituted 85.6% of the total OECD primary renewable energy in 2010, their combined average annual growth rate has been 1.6% since 1990. This is lower than the average annual growth rate of total renewable energies, 2.2%, for the OECD region over the same time period. This difference can be attributed to the slow growth of hydroelectric power, with the average annual growth rate of only 0.6%, which is also below the 0.9% growth rate of total TPES in the long term (Figure 10). Because hydroelectric capacity is mature in most OECD member states, it is increasingly difficult to locate suitable environmentally acceptable sites to expand this energy form. Therefore, little new growth is to be expected for this sector. Solid biofuels and geothermal energy, two other major renewable energy sources, also grew slower than total renewables at 1.1% and 0.9%, respectively, per annum since 1990.
8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
OECD Total
OECD Americas
OECD Asia Oceania
OECD Europe
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 39
has agreed on a directive to increase the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020, which includes targets for individual countries. The share of renewables in OECD Americas reached 7.1% in 2010, the highest level since the IEA time series began. The only region to experience declines since 1990 was the OECD Asia Oceania where the share of renewable primary energy supply dropped from 4.0% in 1990 to 3.5% in 2010. Although renewable primary energy supply has been able to keep pace with the growth of traditional fuels, its share in the electricity and heat transformation sector has not. In 1990, 51.6% of renewable energy was used in electricity-only plants for electricity production. However, this share declined to 49.6% in 2009 (Figure 13). This was due to the low growth of hydroelectric power in the OECD region, which retarded the growth of electricity generation compared to other sectors. The majority of the growth of renewable energy has taken place in the final consumption sectors, such as the residential, commercial, industry, and most significantly, transport sectors. In 2009, half of renewable primary energy was used in places other than electricity-only plants. This trend is underpinned by the strong presence of biofuels which are used for heat production and consumption directly on-site in these sectors. The most significant trend is the growth of biofuels used for transport. In 2009, liquid biofuels and biogases used for transport constituted 9.0% of the consumption of renewables. Compared to 1990, this sector’s consumption of renewable energy increased the most. Figure 13: OECD sectoral consumption of renewables 1990 Residential/ Comm. & Public* 22.6%
Residential/ Comm. & Public* 18.0%
Transport** 0.0%
Electricity plants 51.6%
Industry 13.2%
Transport 9.0%
Electricity plants 49.6%
Industry 16.1%
Other* 0.1% Heat plants 0.6%
2009
Combined heat & power plants 11.9%
Other* 0.2% Heat plants 1.0%
Combined heat & power plants 6.2%
* Includes the Agriculture/ forestry, fishing and non-specified industries. **Represents less than 0.05% Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Electricity production Summary: 1990 – 2010 estimated OECD gross electricity production from renewable products (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) reached 1 891 TWh in 2010, a 4.5% increase from the 2009 level of 1 810 TWh. This represents 17.6% of total OECD electricity production in 2010 (Figure 14), which is the largest share of renewables in gross electricity production for any year in the renewables time series beginning from 1990. Figure 14: Renewable shares in OECD electricity production in 2010 Other* 0.5%
Nuclear 21.2%
Natural Gas 23.4%
Renewable 17.6%
Oil 2.8% Coal 34.6%
Hydro 12.4%
Other Renewables* 3.1%
Biofuels and waste 2.0%
* Other: electricity from energy sources not classified by other categories such as non-renewable combustible wastes, peat, chemical sources, etc. ** Other renewables includes geothermal, wind, solar, tide/wave/ocean Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Since 1990, electricity generation from renewable energy sources has been growing at an average rate of 1.8%, which is slightly higher than the rate of 1.7% for total electricity generation. This increase can be explained by the strong growth in “new” renewable products, such as solar PV, wind, renewable municipal waste and biogases for electricity production in recent years. The growth of these new products has more than compensated for the decline of hydroelectric power and its effects on total renewable electricity. Apart from oil, whose use in generating electricity has been cut in half since 1990, hydroelectric power production has experienced the lowest growth rate of any electricity source from 1990 to 2010, 0.6% (Figure 15). As mentioned before, this is because hydroelectric power has reached its capacity limit in most OECD countries. In addition, hydroelectric power is dependent on climatic conditions, and lower precipitation levels in major hydroelectric power producing countries, such as the United States and Japan, has INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
40 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
caused a decline in total OECD hydroelectric production since the late 1990s and early 2000s. While hydroelectricity generated 15.5% of total OECD electricity in 1990, this share decreased to 12.4% in 2010. In addition, its share of electricity from renewable energy sources declined from 89.4% in 1990 to 70.8% in 2010. Figure 15: Annual growth rates of electricity production between 1990 and 2010 in OECD countries 50%
1990 Wind 2.7%
2010
Solar PV** 0.0%
Wind 47.1%
Geothermal 20.3%
Geothermal 7.8% Other* 0.3%
Other* 0.9% Municipal waste - ren. 6.5% Biogases Liquid 2.6% biofuels** 0.0%
Solid biofuels 67.0%
Municipal waste - ren. 5.4% Biogases 7.3%
44.2%
45%
Solar PV 5.2% Liquid biofuels 0.9%
Solid biofuels 26.0%
* Other includes solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean **Represents less than 0.05%
40% 35%
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
30% 23.4%
25% 20% 15%
12.8%
10% 5%
6.8% 0.6%
1.7%
6.1% 2.1%
2.1%
0%
Excluding hydroelectric power, the share of renewable electricity steadily increased from 1.8% in 1990 to 5.1% in 2010. A majority of this growth is attributed to the use of “new” renewables for power generation. In 1990, the majority of non-hydroelectricity was generated by solid biofuels (67.0%) and geothermal energy (20.3%). Solar photovoltaic, wind, biogases and liquid biofuels combined represented less than 6% of non-hydro renewable electricity in 1990 (Figure 16). However, between 1990 and 2010, these technologies grew much faster than any other power source (Figure 15). Most notable is wind, which grew from 2.7% in 1990 to 47.1% of non-hydroelectricity in 2010, a 23.4% average annual growth rate, making it the largest non-hydro renewable source for electricity. Newer technologies, such as biogases (12.8% growth from 1990), liquid biofuels, and solar photovoltaic (44.2% growth from 1990), which had previously contributed very little in 1990, also entered the renewable electricity mix by 2010. All of these sources experienced higher growth rates than older technologies such as hydro power (0.6%), solid biofuels (2.1%) and geothermal (2.1%). As a result, nonhydro renewable electricity experienced a 6.8% annual growth rate between 1990 and 2010 (Figure 15). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
The increase in non-hydro renewable electricity is mainly due to OECD Europe, where implementation of strong renewables stimulation policies by European Union member countries encouraged their growth. Policy initiatives such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives have made electricity generation from renewable sources marketable in many countries. Renewable electricity production grew 3.1% per annum since 1990 in OECD Europe. As a consequence of its higher growth rate, OECD Europe supplied 45.5% of total OECD renewable electricity production in 2009, up from the level of 35.3% in 1990, almost equalling the level of OECD Americas. However, the shares of electricity from renewables dropped from 18.5% in 1990 to 16.6% in 2010 in OECD Americas and from 12.9% in 1990 to 8.3% in 2010 in OECD Asia Oceania (Figure 17). Yet despite these regional declines, the OECD region as a whole produced a slightly higher share of electricity from renewable sources in 2010 (17.6%) than it did in 1990 (17.3%). Figure 17: OECD regional shares in renewable electricity production from 1990 to 2010 30%
Share of renewable electricity
Average annual growth rate
Figure 16: Shares in OECD non-hydro renewable electricity production in 1990 and 2010
25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
OECD Total OECD Asia Oceania
OECD Americas OECD Europe
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The following more detailed analysis of individual renewable and waste energy sources and their development in the electricity market provides further insights into this trend.
Hydroelectricity As mentioned above, hydroelectric power is nearing its potential capacity limit in most OECD countries. Between 1990 and 2010, electricity generated from hydroelectric plants (excluding generation from pumped storage plants) increased from 1 182 TWh to 1 340 TWh in the OECD, yielding an average annual increase of 0.6%. However, while 89.4% of electricity produced from renewable sources came from hydroelectric plants in 1990, this share decreased to 70.8% in 2010 due to the rapid growth of electricity generation from other renewable sources. In 2010, the largest hydroelectric power generating countries were Canada, the United States and Norway which represented 26.2%, 19.3% and 8.8%, respectively, of OECD hydroelectric production. Other large hydroelectric power producers are Japan, Sweden and France.
Wind In 2010, wind turbines produced 13.7% of renewable electricity in the OECD. Among OECD regions, wind electricity production was the highest in OECD Europe, with 57.0% of the total OECD production in 2010. Between 1990 and 2010, wind power increased from 3.8 TWh to 259.7 TWh, achieving an average annual growth rate of 23.4%. This is the second fastest growth rate of renewable electricity after solar photovoltaic. Most of the growth occurred in OECD Europe, where wind energy is heavily subsidised by national governments. As a consequence, wind grew by 30.0% per annum in OECD Europe. The highest country growth rate is in Portugal, with 57.7% per year between 1990 and 2010, from 1 GWh to 9 098 GWh. In absolute terms, the United States, Spain and Germany are the largest producers of electricity from wind. They now produce 95.2 TWh, 43.7 TWh and 36.5 TWh, respectively.
Solid biofuels Electricity generation from solid biofuels grew from 94.3 TWh to 143.2 TWh between 1990 and 2010, yielding a 2.1% average annual growth. As the third largest renewable electricity source after hydropower and wind, solid biofuels accounted for 7.6% of renewable electricity generation in 2010. The United States accounted for 29.4% of electricity generated from solid biofuels (42 TWh), where it makes
up 9.7% of the country’s renewable electricity production. The second largest producer of electricity from solid biofuels is Japan (14.3 TWh), where it represents 14.1% of the country’s renewable electricity supply. Other large producers of electricity from biofuels in the OECD in 2010 are Germany, Finland and Sweden, whose shares are 11.9%, 43.6%, and 10.0%, respectively. Biofuels were the largest source of renewable electricity in Estonia, Hungary and Poland where it comprised 70.0%, 68.7%, and 54.1%, respectively, of renewable electricity in 2010. In fact, solid biofuel electricity was produced in all OECD member countries in 2010, except for Greece, Iceland, Israel and Luxembourg.
Geothermal Similar to hydroelectric power, geothermal electricity production has not experienced significant growth between 1990 and 2010. It grew at an average annual rate of 2.1%, from 28.6 TWh to 43.0 TWh. Geothermal electricity generation remained almost static in OECD Americas over the period 1990 to 2010, although the region remains the largest geothermal electricity producer, with a 55.2% share in 2010. The United States is the largest producer with 39.9% of the OECD total in 2010. Production in the United States was 17.1 TWh in 2010, slightly above the 16.0 TWh level in 1990. The second largest producer is Mexico, with 6.6 TWh in 2010. With an output of 5.9 TWh, New Zealand was the third largest geothermal electricity producer, and represented 13.7% of total OECD production. Other major producers were Italy (12.5%), Iceland (10.4%) and Japan (6.2%). The highest growth rate of geothermal electricity generation was achieved in Portugal, where production increased by 21.5% annually from 4 GWh to 196 GWh between 1990 and 2010. Despite it being the fourth largest source of renewable electricity, less than half of the OECD, only 10 countries, uses geothermal energy for electricity generation. Even in the countries with geothermal potential there are only a few development schemes. Therefore, the growth in geothermal is projected for the next few years to be small.
Biogases Electricity in the OECD from biogases grew from 3.7 TWh in 1990 to 40.4 TWh in 2010. With an average annual growth rate of 12.8% since 1990, biogases are the third fastest growing source of renewable electricity in the OECD. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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The driver of this growth is OECD Europe, which had 71.9% of OECD production in 2010, up from their share of 27.2% in 1990. Much of the growth is due to Germany, where production grew by 22.8% per annum since 1990, making it the largest producer in the OECD (37.3%). The third and fourth largest OECD producers were also located in Europe. The United Kingdom produced 5.7 TWh, or 14.1% of OECD production, and Italy produced 1.9 TWh (4.7%). The second largest OECD producer in 2010 was not located in Europe. The United States produced 8.8 TWh, or 21.8% of electricity from biogases in the OECD. However, despite its large share in OECD production, the United States growth rate (6.5% per year since 1990) has been much slower than many of the European Union countries that use biogases. In contrast, the United Kingdom growth rate was 13.5% per year since 1990 and Italy 40.8% per year. This makes OECD Europe the fastest growing region (18.4% per year since 1990) and the largest region for OECD production.
Germany, 12 000 GWh, Spain, 6 607 GWh, Japan 2 758 GWh and the United States, 1 698 GWh. These four countries combined produced 80.3% of the PV electricity in the OECD. While being small in absolute terms, electricity from solar PV increased from 19 GWh in 1990 to 28 734 GWh in 2010, achieving a 44.2% annual growth rate, the fastest of all renewable electricity technologies. Since the 2000, growth has been the strongest in the countries of the European Union (Figure 18). Germany, the largest producer due to its high feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity generation, increased production from 60 GWh in 2000 to 12 000 GWh in 2010, achieving a 69.9% growth rate over that time. Spain, the second largest producer, increased production from 18 GWh in 2000 to 6607 GWh in 2010, with the highest growth rate in the OECD over those years, 80.5%. The United States and Japan experienced substantial, but slower growth rates than Spain since 2000, 25.0% and 23.0%, respectively. Figure 18: Solar photovoltaic electricity in four major producing countries from 1990 to 2010
Renewable municipal waste
It should be noted that sometimes data are estimates rather than observations because the energy classification systems of some countries do not separate renewable and non-renewable municipal waste. In 2010, 29.9 TWh of electricity were produced from renewable waste in the OECD. By far the largest producer of electricity from renewable municipal waste was the United States, generating 9.3 TWh, or 31.0% of OECD production. The second largest producer was Germany, with a production of 4.5 TWh (14.9%). With 3.4 TWh (11.4%), Japan was the third largest producer. Italy experienced the highest growth rate, increasing production from 37 GWh to 1 900 GWh (a growth rate of 21.8% per annum).
Solar photovoltaic The OECD as a whole produced 28 734 GWh of PV electricity in 2010, 1.5% of its total renewable electricity production. The four largest producers of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity in the OECD were INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
14000 12000 10000
GWh
Renewable municipal waste represented 1.6% of renewable electricity generation in 2010 in OECD countries. Renewable municipal waste is one of the smallest portions of renewable electricity portfolio. The highest share it represented in any one country was the Netherlands at 15.6%, Luxembourg at 10.5% and Denmark at 8.1%.
8000 6000 4000 2000 0
Germany
Japan
Spain
United States
Nonetheless, accounting for solar photovoltaic output is very difficult due to the widespread use of off-grid and small grid-connected systems for distributed power generation. For that reason, solar photovoltaic output statistics should be considered incomplete. Information on solar capacity provides more reliable statistics on this product.
Solar thermal Solar thermal power production experienced explosive growth in the 1980’s and 90’s reaching 887 GWh in 1998, but stagnated in the following years. During the period of 1999 through 2006, average annual growth rates for solar thermal were essentially zero.
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Due to the recent renewed interest in solar thermal, the US has increased its production from 527 GWh in 1999 to 816 GWh in 2010. Prior to 2007, OECD solar thermal production took place mostly in the United States with small demonstration plants in Australia. With the opening of a new solar thermal power plant in 2007, Spain became the third OECD country to report electricity production from solar thermal with 24 GWh in 2010. These three countries combined produced all 844 GWh of OECD electricity from solar thermal in 2010.
Tide, wave, ocean In 2010, 554 GWh of electricity were generated from tide, wave and ocean motion in two OECD countries. The main producer of electricity production from water motion was France, generating 521 GWh in 2010 (with a plant capturing electricity from tidal movements). The second contributor was Canada, producing 33 GWh.
Liquid biofuels Liquid biofuels for electricity production is a relatively new technology. The first and only country to report electricity production of this type was Germany in 2001 with only 15 GWh. Since then, an increasing number of countries have produced substantial amounts of electricity from liquid biofuels. In 2010, nine countries reported a total of 5 065 GWh of production. The largest producer is Italy with 2 389 GWh, followed by Germany with 2 060 GWh.
Non-renewable municipal waste and industrial waste Industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste generated 0.3% of OECD total electricity in 2010. Electricity from industrial waste, on the other hand, more than doubled between 1990 and 2002, but it has subsequently declined back to its 1990 level in 2010. Electricity generation from non-renewable municipal waste increased from 9 TWh in 1990 to 26.7 TWh in 2010, an average annual growth rate of 5.6%. It should be noted that this information should be used with caution because many countries (including some of the largest municipal waste producers such as Japan) do not report renewable and non-renewable municipal wastes separately.
Installed generating capacity In 2009, approximately 547.9 GW, 22.1% of total OECD generating capacity, was accounted for by renewable energy and waste sources (Figure 19). Figure 19: OECD generating capacity 2009 Combustible fossil fuels* 65.1%
Other** 0.0% Hydro *** 14.5%
Biofuels and waste 1.8% Geothermal 0.2% Solar PV 0.8%
Renewables & waste 7.7%
Nuclear 12.7%
Wind 4.8%
Other Renewables**** 0.0%
* The capacities of plants which co-fire biofuels and waste with fossil fuels (e.g. solid biofuels that are co-fired with coal) are included under the dominant fuel ** Other: fuel cells, waste/chemical heat. Represents less than 0.05%. *** Hydro does not include pumped storage capacity **** Other renewables includes solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean. Represents less than 0.05%. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
The largest share, with 14.5% of total generating capacity, represented hydroelectric plants (358 GW, excluding pumped storage), followed by 4.8% from wind (118.3 GW) and 1.8% from biofuels and waste (43.7 GW). Of the biofuels and waste, 24.3 GW represented solid biofuel capacity, 10.0 GW represented municipal waste, 7.2 GW represented biogases and 1.1 GW represented liquid biofuels. The remaining generating capacity was accounted for by solar photovoltaic (0.8%), geothermal (0.2%), solar thermal, tide, wave and ocean power capacity, with less than 0.1%. Hydro pumped storage capacity represented 95.3 GW. As developments in the production of the various renewable energy sources in the electricity production section suggest, their growth of capacity has been strongest in the wind and solar power sectors and these two markets are heavily concentrated in Europe and the United States.
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CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP This article has been adapted from “Concentrating Solar Power Technology Roadmap”, a report written by Cédric Philibert of the Renewable Energy Division, International Energy Agency, 2010. The full report is available at: http://www.iea.org/papers/ 2010/csp_roadmap.pdf.
CSP status today The importance of the solar resource The basic concept of concentrating solar power (CSP) is relatively simple: CSP devices concentrate energy from the sun’s rays to heat a receiver to high temperatures.1 This heat is transformed first into mechanical energy (by turbines or other engines) and then into electricity.
cannot. Concentrating the sun’s rays thus requires reliably clear skies, which are usually found in semiarid, hot regions. The solar energy that CSP plants use is measured as direct normal irradiance (DNI), which is the energy received on a surface tracked perpendicular to the sunrays. It can be measured with a pyrheliometer. DNI measures provide only a first approximation of a CSP plant’s electrical output potential. In practice, what matters most is the variation in sunlight over the course of a day: below a certain threshold of daily direct sunlight, CSP plants have no net production due to constant heat losses in the solar field. CSP developers typically set a bottom threshold for DNI of 1900 kWh/m2/year to 2100 kWh/m2/year. Below that, other solar electric technologies that take advantage of both direct and diffuse irradiance, such as photovoltaics, are assumed to have a competitive advantage.
The sunlight hits the Earth’s surface both directly and indirectly, through numerous reflections and deviations in the atmosphere. On clear days, direct irradiance represents 80% to 90% of the solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface. On a cloudy or foggy day, the direct component is essentially zero. The direct component of solar irradiance is of the greatest interest to designers of high-temperature solar energy systems because it can be concentrated on small areas using mirrors or lenses, whereas the diffuse component
Distribution of the solar resource for CSP
1. By contrast, photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) produce electricity from the sun’s rays using direct conversion with semi-conductor materials.
Thus, the most favourable areas for CSP resource are in North Africa, southern Africa, the Middle East,
The main differences in the direct sunlight available from place to place arise from the composition of the atmosphere and the weather. Good DNI is usually found in arid and semi-arid areas with reliably clear skies, which typically lay at latitudes from 15° to 40° North or South. Closer to the equator the atmosphere is usually too cloudy and wet in summer, and at higher latitudes the weather is usually too cloudy. DNI is also significantly better at higher altitudes, where absorption and scattering of sunlight are much lower.
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Table 1: The four CSP technology families
northwestern India, the southwestern United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, the western part of China and Australia. Other areas that may be suitable include the extreme south of Europe and Turkey, other southern US locations, central Asian countries, and places in Brazil and Argentina.
Transporting and exporting electricity from CSP As demonstrated over decades by hydropower dams in remote regions, electricity can be transported over long distances to demand centres. When distance is greater than a few hundred kilometres, economics favour high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) technology over alternative-current technology. HVDC lines of gigawatt capacity can exceed 1 000 km and can be installed across the seabed; they also have a smaller environmental footprint. Electricity losses are typically 3% per 1 000 km, plus 0.6% for each conversion station (as HVDC lines usually link two alternativecurrent areas). This creates opportunities for CSP plant operators to supply a larger range of consumers. However, the cost of constructing major transmission and distribution lines must be taken into account.
Receiver type
Point focus Collectors track the sun along two axes and focus irradiance at a single point receiver. This allows for higher temperatures.
Fixed
Even though the Earth’s “sunbelts” are relatively narrow, the technical potential for CSP is huge. If fully developed for CSP applications, the potential in the southwestern US states would meet the electricity requirements of the entire United States several times over. Potential in the Middle East and North Africa would cover about 100 times the current consumption of the Middle East, North Africa and the European Union combined.
Collectors track the sun along a single axis and focus irradiance on a linear receiver. This makes tracking the sun simpler.
Fixed receivers are stationary devices that remain independent of the plant’s focusing device. This eases the transport of collected heat to the power block.
Linear Fresnel Receivers
Towers (CRS)
Mobile
Several studies have assessed in detail the potential of key regions (notably the United States and North Africa), giving special consideration to land availability. Without storage, CSP plants require around 2 hectares per MWe, depending on the DNI and the technology.
Focus type Line focus
Mobile receivers move together with the focusing device. In both line focus and point focus designs, mobile receivers collect more energy.
Parabolic Troughs
Parabolic Dishes
Parabolic troughs (line focus, mobile receiver) Parabolic trough systems consist of parallel rows of mirrors (reflectors) curved in one dimension to focus the sun’s rays. The mirror arrays can be more than 100 m long with the curved surface 5 m to 6 m across. Stainless steel pipes (absorber tubes) with a selective coating serve as the heat collectors. The coating is designed to allow pipes to absorb high levels of solar radiation while emitting very little infra-red radiation. The pipes are insulated in an evacuated glass envelope. The reflectors and the absorber tubes move in tandem with the sun as it crosses the sky. Parabolic Trough
Current technologies for power production At present, there are four main CSP technology families, which can be categorised by the way they focus the sun’s rays and the technology used to receive the sun’s energy. These are described below. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
All parabolic trough plants currently in commercial operation rely on synthetic oil as the fluid that
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transfers heat from collector pipes to heat exchangers, where water is preheated, evaporated and then superheated. The superheated steam runs a turbine, which drives a generator to produce electricity. After being cooled and condensed, the water returns to the heat exchangers. Parabolic troughs are the most mature of the CSP technologies and form the bulk of current commercial plants. Most existing plants, however, have little or no thermal storage and rely on combustible fuel as a backup to firm capacity. For example, all CSP plants in Spain derive 12% to 15% of their annual electricity generation from burning natural gas. Most new plants have significant thermal storage capacities.
Solar towers (point focus, fixed receiver) Solar towers, also known as central receiver systems (CRS), use hundreds or thousands of small reflectors (called heliostats) to concentrate the sun’s rays on a central receiver placed atop a fixed tower. Some commercial tower plants now in operation use DSG in the receiver; others use molten salts as both the heat transfer fluid and storage medium. Central receiver
Linear Fresnel reflectors (line focus, fixed receiver) Linear Fresnel reflector (LFRs) approximate the parabolic shape of trough systems, but by using long rows of flat or slightly curved mirrors to reflect the sun’s rays onto a downward-facing linear, fixed receiver. A more recent design, known as compact linear Fresnel reflectors (CLFRs), uses two parallel receivers for each row of mirrors and thus needs less land than parabolic troughs to produce a given output. Linear Fresnel reflectors
The concentrating power of the tower concept achieves very high temperatures, thereby increasing the efficiency at which heat is converted into electricity and reducing the cost of thermal storage. In addition, the concept is highly flexible; designers can choose from a wide variety of heliostats, receivers, transfer fluids and power blocks.
Parabolic dishes (point focus, mobile receiver) Parabolic dishes concentrate the sun’s rays at a focal point propped above the centre of the dish. The entire apparatus tracks the sun, with the dish and receiver moving in tandem. Most dishes have an independent engine/generator (such as a Stirling machine or a micro-turbine) at the focal point. This design eliminates the need for a heat transfer fluid and for water to support steam generation. Parabolic dish
The main advantage of LFR systems is that their simple design of flexibly bent mirrors and fixed receivers requires lower investment costs and facilitates direct steam generation (DSG), thereby eliminating the need for – and cost of – heat transfer fluids and heat exchangers. LFR plants are, however, less efficient than troughs in converting solar energy to electricity and it is more difficult to incorporate storage capacity into their design. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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Dishes offer the highest solar-to-electric conversion performance of any CSP system. Several features – the compact size, absence of water for steam generation, and low compatibility with thermal storage and hybridisation – put parabolic dishes in competition with PV modules, especially concentrating photovoltaics (CPV), as much as with other CSP technologies. Very large dishes, which have been proven compatible to thermal storage and fuel backup, are the exception. Promoters claim that mass production will allow dishes to compete with larger solar thermal systems. Parabolic dishes are limited in size (typically tens of kW or smaller) and each produce electricity independently, which means that hundreds or thousands of them would need to be co-located to create a gridsized plant. By contrast, other CSP designs can have capacities covering a very wide range, starting as low as 1 MW. The optimal size of troughs, LFR and tower plants, typically from 100 MW to 250 MW, depends on the size of the power block in relation to the size of the solar field, which together determine the desired capacity factor.
Enhancing the value of CSP capacities In arid and semi-arid areas suitable for CSP production, sunlight usually exhibits a good match with electricity demand and its peaks, driven by airconditioning loads. However, the available sunlight varies somewhat even in the sunniest places. Furthermore, human activity, lighting needs and thermal inertia of buildings often maintain high demand for electricity several hours after sunset. In many developing countries, like India or Morocco, the peak demand, mostly driven by lighting, begins after sunset. To provide a larger share of clean electricity and maximise CO2 emission reductions, CSP plants will need to provide base load power. Thermal storage and backup or hybridisation with fuels help address these issues.
Thermal storage All CSP plants have some ability to store heat energy for short periods of time and thus have a “buffering” capacity that allows them to smooth electricity production considerably and eliminate the short-term variations other solar technologies exhibit during cloudy days. Recently, operators have begun to build thermal storage systems into CSP plants. The concept of thermal INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
storage is simple: throughout the day, excess heat is diverted to a storage material (e.g. molten salts). When production is required after sunset, the stored heat is released into the steam cycle and the plant continues to produce electricity. Studies show that, in locations with good sunlight (high DNI), extending or shifting electricity production to match the peak demand requires a storage capacity of two to five hours. In slightly less sunny areas, storage also helps compensate for the somewhat less predictable resource. For example, some trough plants in Spain store enough heat in molten salts to produce power at the rated capacity of the turbine (50 MWe) for more than 7 additional hours. CSP plants with large storage capacities may be able to produce base-load solar electricity day and night, making it possible for low-carbon CSP plants to compete with coal-fired power plants that emit high levels of CO2. The 19.9-MW tower plant Gemasolar was connected in May 2011 to the Spanish grid, and is expected to produce round-the-clock during most of the year, due to 16-hour thermal storage devices. Storage has a cost, however, and cannot be expanded indefinitely to prevent rare events of solar energy shortages. A current industry focus is to significantly increase the temperature to improve overall efficiency of CSP plants and reduce storage costs. Enhanced thermal storage would help to guarantee capacity and expand production. Storage potentially makes baseload solar-only power plants possible, although fuelpowered backup and hybridisation have their own advantages and are likely to remain, as described below.
Backup and hybridisation Virtually all CSP plants, with or without storage, are equipped with fuel-powered backup systems that help to regulate production and guarantee capacity – especially in peak and mid-peak periods. The fuel burners (which can use fossil fuel, biogas or, eventually, solar fuels) can provide energy to the heat transfer fluid or the storage medium, or directly to the power block. In areas where DNI is less than ideal, fuel-powered backup makes it possible to almost completely guarantee the plant’s production capacity at a lower cost than if the plant depended only on the solar field and thermal storage. Providing 100% firm capacity with only thermal storage would require significantly more investment in reserve solar field and storage capacity, which would produce little energy over the year. Fuel burners also boost the conversion efficiency of solar
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heat to electricity by raising the working temperature level; in some plants, they may be used continuously in hybrid mode. CSP can also be used as a hybrid by adding a small solar field to fossil fuel plants such as coal plants or combined-cycle natural gas plants in so-called integrated solar combined-cycle plants (ISCC). A positive aspect of solar fuel savers is their relatively low cost: with the steam cycle and turbine already in place, only components specific to CSP require additional investment. Such fuel savings, with capacities ranging from a few megawatts to 75 MW, are being built adjacent to existing or new fossil fuel power plants in Algeria, Australia, Egypt, Iran, Italy and the United States (in the state of Florida). Engineers are now considering the possibility of hybridising solar with coal plants in countries that have little gas available, possibly with much larger solar shares (from 30% to 70%) than has been done so far.
Grid integration of CSP plants The storage and backup capabilities of CSP plants offer significant benefits for electricity grids. Losses in thermal storage cycles are much smaller than in other existing electricity storage technologies (including pumped hydro and batteries), making the thermal storage available in CSP plants more effective and less costly. CSP plants can enhance the capacity of electricity grids to accommodate a larger share of variable energy sources, thereby increasing overall grid flexibility. As demonstrated in Spain, connecting CSP plants to some grid sub-stations facilitates a greater share of wind energy. CSP plant backup may also eliminate the need to build fossil-fired “peaking” plants purely to meet the highest loads during a few hours of the day. Although the optimal size of a CSP plant is probably 200 MW or more, many existing grids use small power lines at the ends of the grid in less-populated areas, which cannot support the addition of large amounts of electricity from solar plants. Thus, in some cases, the size of a CSP plant may need to be limited by the available power lines or require additional investment in larger transport lines. Furthermore, it is often easier to obtain sites, permits, grid connections and financing for smaller, scalable CSP
plant designs, which can also enter production more quickly.
Plant cooling and water requirements As in other thermal power generation plants, CSP requires water for cooling and condensing processes. CSP water requirements are relatively high: about 3 000 L/MWh for parabolic trough and LFR plants (similar to a nuclear reactor) compared to about 2 000 L/MWh for a coal plant and only 800 L/MWh for combined-cycle natural gas plants. Tower CSP plants need less water per MWh than trough plants, depending on the efficiency of the technology. Dishes are cooled by the surrounding air and need no cooling water. Accessing large quantities of water is an important challenge to the use of CSP in arid regions, as available water resources are highly valued by many stakeholders. Dry cooling (with air) is one effective alternative used on the ISCC plants under construction in North Africa. However, it is more costly and reduces efficiencies. Dry cooling installed on trough plants in hot deserts reduces annual electricity production by 7% and increases the cost of the produced electricity by about 10%. The “performance penalty” of dry cooling is lower for solar towers than for parabolic troughs. Hybrid wet/dry cooling systems are a more attractive option as such systems reduce water consumption while minimising the performance penalty. As water cooling is more effective but more costly, operators of hybrid systems tend to use only dry cooling in the winter when cooling needs are lower. They then switch to combined wet and dry cooling during the summer. For a parabolic trough CSP plant, this approach could reduce water consumption by 50% with only a 1% drop in annual electrical energy production.
Conclusion In short, CSP is capable of producing large amounts of no-carbon or low-carbon electricity. A key challenge, however, is that electricity demand is not always situated close to the best CSP resources. Both the costs of the technologies and the possible barriers to moving the electricity to remote markets may pose large challenges to this energy source. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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PART III RENEWABLES DATA OVERVIEW
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Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2009
Africa Latin America Asia China Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Middle East OECD World Marine & Aviation Bunkers World Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt
TPES
Of which: renewables
Mtoe
Mtoe
663.9 567.9 1449.8 2272.0 1038.0 610.7 5237.7 328.9 12169.0 1.7 39.8 11.9 74.2 2.6 131.1 31.7 12.0 11.8 29.6 26.8 57.2 3.5 6.2 5.9 2.0 240.2 3.1 17.5 5.2 6.9 254.1 28.8 2257.1 101.1 31.8 1.4 22.9 4.9 10.4 8.7 11.5 2.5 42.0 18.6 8.1 11.4 72.0 5.1
321.6 177.1 388.6 267.9 39.5 3.0 391.5 x 1589.3 0.7 0.1 7.4 5.2 0.2 7.3 8.8 0.2 8.9 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.5 110.0 1.1 3.7 4.8 42.9 7.2 267.9 1.2 8.0 0.7 22.1 2.7 8.0 0.9 1.8 0.1 2.4 3.2 1.9 1.4 2.7 3.2
Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Biofuels and Geothermal, renewable (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste
48.4 31.2 26.8 11.8 3.8 0.5 7.5 x 13.1 38.8 0.2 62.4 7.0 6.7 5.6 27.8 1.7 30.2 5.0 3.9 57.4 20.9 12.2 23.6 45.8 6.2 70.8 69.1 16.9 25.1 11.9 1.2 25.1 53.2 96.6 55.3 76.9 10.9 15.9 3.9 5.8 17.4 23.4 12.4 3.8 62.0
2.6 33.7 5.4 19.8 63.6 36.9 29.0 x 17.7 67.6 34.0 3.7 55.9 99.2 14.4 39.3 99.9 1.5 0.3 1.3 15.2 74.6 30.6 27.4 0.1 7.2 72.9 30.1 19.8 27.3 44.2 3.8 3.0 22.9 2.3 61.1 0.7 8.6 0.1 6.7 56.3 40.2 4.1
El Salvador Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.
0.4 1.9 6.9 4.2 1.6 39.7 14.5 x 6.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 7.5 3.7 0.1 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.5 4.9 0.9 0.1 4.2 14.6 0.1 48.5 1.3 0.0 59.9 1.6 18.6 0.0 3.5 41.4
97.0 64.4 87.7 76.0 34.7 23.5 56.5 x 75.9 32.0 66.0 96.3 44.0 0.6 78.1 56.9 98.5 99.7 93.6 100.0 84.8 25.4 100.0 69.0 67.7 99.9 92.8 26.2 69.8 76.0 58.0 55.7 96.2 97.0 28.5 97.7 37.6 99.3 40.1 89.8 81.3 93.3 43.7 56.2 54.5
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
54 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2009 (continued)
Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Giblartar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong (China) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia
TPES
Of which: renewables
Mtoe
Mtoe
0.7 4.7 32.7 33.2 256.2 1.8 4.0 318.5 9.2 0.2 29.4 9.8 2.6 4.4 14.9 24.9 5.2 675.8 201.1 216.2 32.2 14.3 21.5 164.6 3.3 472.0 7.5 65.8 18.7 229.2 19.3 30.2 3.0 4.2 6.6 20.4 8.4 3.9 2.8 66.8 0.8 174.6 2.4 3.2 15.1 9.8 15.1 1.7 10.0
0.6 0.7 30.4 7.9 19.8 1.2 1.1 27.7 7.0 1.9 5.3 1.9 2.2 0.1 1.8 4.4 176.4 69.5 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 16.0 0.5 15.7 0.1 0.7 15.6 1.5 2.1 0.9 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.3 3.6 0.0 16.7 0.1 0.1 0.7 9.4 10.9 0.3 8.8
Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Biofuels and Geothermal, renewable (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste
77.4 15.1 92.9 23.8 7.7 66.0 26.6 8.7 76.2 6.4 53.9 71.9 49.8 0.4 7.4 84.2 26.1 34.6 0.5 0.9 4.5 5.0 9.7 16.3 3.3 1.8 1.1 83.2 0.7 11.0 28.4 37.1 2.7 0.8 10.4 3.1 11.3 5.3 0.1 9.6 3.1 3.2 4.9 96.7 72.3 19.2 88.5
0.4 1.0 13.8 24.8 6.4 59.9 5.8 8.4 24.7 3.4 1.0 11.0 1.1 24.0 5.2 1.4 58.2 91.4 12.1 0.2 26.4 1.8 41.1 3.9 79.1 1.2 16.1 50.6 99.6 19.0 30.6 4.2 7.5 34.7 16.1 13.8 6.2 30.3 15.4 3.3 37.4 3.0
Nepal Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
0.0 2.3 0.0 0.3 4.5 4.1 17.2 22.8 0.2 7.0 76.0 1.0 23.0 4.0 40.4 97.2 34.4 0.8 23.3 91.8 7.4 10.7 0.3 2.1 6.3 3.1 100.0 36.0 4.6 0.0 -
100.0 97.3 98.9 85.9 70.6 93.6 35.9 77.0 91.6 52.5 96.6 99.0 89.0 99.8 91.9 0.0 93.8 75.6 37.8 8.6 47.5 2.6 39.2 97.4 35.6 4.3 20.9 91.4 73.2 49.4 0.4 80.7 69.4 100.0 93.7 86.2 62.2 83.9 50.2 93.8 100.0 65.1 84.6 96.7 62.6 97.0
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 55
Table 1. WORLD: Renewables indicators in 2009 (continued)
Netherlands Netherland Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia
TPES
Of which: renewables
Mtoe
Mtoe
78.2 2.1 17.4 3.1 108.3 28.2 15.1 85.5 3.1 4.8 14.9 38.8 94.0 24.1 24.8 34.4 641.1 157.9 2.9 14.4 18.5 16.7 7.0 144.0 126.5 9.3 15.8 45.4 27.0 20.8 2.3 12.0 103.3 2.6 20.3 9.2 97.7 14.7 113.1 58.9 196.8 2162.9 4.1 48.8 66.9 64.0 7.5 7.9 9.5
3.1 6.3 1.7 92.3 12.2 31.9 0.7 7.3 4.2 16.7 6.3 4.7 5.3 18.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.9 14.4 12.1 5.1 11.0 15.8 4.8 0.2 1.4 9.8 21.2 2.2 0.0 1.3 9.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 6.2 117.7 1.5 0.8 8.3 27.7 0.1 7.2 6.6
Share of Share of main fuel categories in total renewables renewables in (%) TPES Biofuels and Geothermal, renewable (%) solar, wind, tide Hydro waste
4.0 36.1 55.3 85.3 43.3 37.4 21.5 153.1 28.2 43.0 6.7 19.7 15.3 2.9 0.0 41.8 8.1 0.1 7.3 12.7 10.0 9.6 54.7 69.8 34.8 17.7 0.8 58.6 81.9 20.5 83.4 0.1 14.2 10.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 3.2 5.4 37.1 1.6 12.4 43.3 1.3 92.2 69.4
0.3 33.2 1.5 0.4 88.7 7.6 50.3 64.9 41.7 5.0 3.3 15.0 25.4 81.9 1.7 75.2 31.0 45.7 0.9 18.7 6.6 2.5 35.8 64.3 96.2 100.0 2.4 2.9 0.4 0.5 31.2 100.0 53.6 7.3 20.1 29.8 100.0 93.5 9.3 12.2 5.5
Zimbabwe Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries.
13.5 49.4 15.5 0.7 0.2 53.2 1.7 18.6 0.5 2.2 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.4 32.6 0.0 1.4 5.3 0.0 0.6 22.0 0.2 14.0 13.8 0.2 -
86.3 17.4 83.0 99.6 10.6 92.4 49.7 35.1 58.1 41.7 95.0 66.4 74.2 15.9 100.0 98.3 24.4 100.0 68.3 54.3 98.7 48.7 93.4 97.5 62.8 30.3 3.8 97.6 97.1 99.6 100.0 98.8 46.8 46.2 100.0 78.7 66.1 70.1 0.0 6.5 90.7 100.0 87.8 94.5
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
56 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Table 2. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES* (%) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-10
OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.6
7.0
7.5
7.6
1.3
6.6 4.0 5.8
6.7 3.6 6.4
6.2 3.4 6.9
6.3 3.4 8.6
6.7 3.5 9.1
7.0 3.7 10.0
7.1 3.5 10.4
0.4 -0.7 3.0
IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe
5.7 6.1 4.0 5.7
5.8 6.2 3.6 6.3
5.7 5.7 3.5 6.7
6.3 5.9 3.4 8.4
6.7 6.3 3.5 8.9
7.2 6.6 3.6 9.8
7.3 6.7 3.4 10.2
1.3 0.5 -0.8 2.9
Non-OECD Total World
21.0 12.8
22.0 13.1
22.0 12.9
18.7 12.6
18.2 12.7
18.2 13.1
.. ..
.. ..
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile
5.9 20.2 1.0 16.1 25.4
6.0 21.9 1.0 16.7 28.2
5.9 23.0 1.1 16.9 23.7
5.5 24.1 2.7 16.3 23.6
5.6 25.3 3.1 16.6 23.7
5.6 27.8 3.9 16.9 25.1
5.2 26.0 4.1 16.5 22.7
-0.6 1.3 7.3 0.1 -0.6
Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France
1.8 6.2 1.9 19.3 6.8
2.8 6.8 6.7 21.2 7.2
3.3 9.8 10.9 23.9 6.3
4.7 16.3 10.7 23.5 6.6
5.0 16.8 11.9 25.7 7.3
5.8 17.4 15.1 23.8 7.7
6.4 18.8 14.4 24.9 7.9
6.5 5.7 10.7 1.3 0.8
Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
1.5 5.2 2.6 67.0 1.7
1.8 5.7 3.4 69.5 1.5
2.7 5.2 3.3 74.4 1.7
7.8 5.7 5.1 80.7 3.1
7.9 5.6 6.0 82.9 3.8
8.7 6.4 7.4 84.2 4.5
9.3 7.5 7.6 85.3 4.0
9.5 1.9 5.5 1.2 4.4
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
3.1 4.4 3.5 1.1 0.5
3.0 4.9 3.2 0.3 1.1
3.3 5.9 3.2 0.4 1.2
3.5 6.7 3.2 0.6 2.6
4.8 7.7 3.3 0.6 2.9
5.0 9.7 3.3 0.7 3.1
4.9 10.2 3.0 0.7 2.9
2.2 4.3 -0.6 -2.2 8.8
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
12.2 1.1 32.7 54.3 1.5
12.4 1.2 32.3 49.2 3.9
11.7 1.7 29.6 51.2 4.3
10.0 3.0 32.1 46.5 5.0
10.1 3.5 33.3 44.8 5.7
9.6 4.0 36.1 43.3 6.7
10.3 3.6 38.5 37.3 6.9
-0.9 6.0 0.8 -1.9 7.8
Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden
19.6 1.5 9.1 6.9 24.4
16.4 2.8 8.9 5.5 25.5
15.2 2.8 12.3 5.7 31.0
17.7 5.4 10.0 6.9 30.5
17.7 5.4 11.0 7.7 31.5
19.7 7.3 12.7 9.6 34.8
24.0 6.6 12.7 11.4 32.7
1.0 7.6 1.7 2.6 1.5
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
15.0 18.3 0.5 5.0
17.5 17.5 0.8 5.1
17.7 13.2 1.0 4.5
17.7 9.6 2.2 4.7
17.8 9.5 2.6 5.1
17.7 10.2 3.2 5.4
18.8 10.9 3.3 5.6
1.1 -2.5 9.9 0.5
*Renewable sources include hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biofuels, liquid biofuels and biogases. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 57
Table 3. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources* (%) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-10
OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe
17.3
17.1
15.6
15.5
16.3
17.4
17.6
0.1
18.5 12.9 17.5
18.2 10.6 18.6
15.5 9.4 18.9
15.3 8.1 19.6
16.1 8.2 20.9
17.1 8.4 22.6
16.6 8.3 23.9
-0.6 -2.2 1.6
IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe
17.2 18.2 13.1 17.5
16.8 17.6 10.8 18.4
15.4 15.1 9.7 18.7
15.3 15.0 8.3 19.4
16.0 15.6 8.4 20.6
17.2 16.9 8.7 22.3
17.4 16.2 8.6 23.6
0.1 -0.6 -2.1 1.5
Non-OECD Total World
23.3 19.5
25.1 20.0
23.3 18.5
20.7 17.9
21.0 18.5
21.3 19.3
.. ..
.. ..
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile
9.7 66.2 0.8 62.4 53.8
9.6 70.5 0.9 61.0 72.4
8.4 72.5 1.3 60.6 48.5
7.6 69.0 4.0 59.5 44.2
7.0 69.0 5.3 60.1 45.7
7.3 71.0 6.1 62.2 48.8
7.3 66.4 6.6 60.9 42.3
-1.4 0.0 11.2 -0.1 -1.2
Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France
1.9 3.2 29.5 13.4
4.0 5.1 0.1 30.5 15.3
3.1 15.6 0.2 33.3 13.1
3.9 26.4 1.2 29.9 11.8
4.5 27.8 1.9 35.9 13.0
5.7 27.6 6.2 30.1 13.0
6.9 31.7 8.1 29.8 13.7
6.8 12.2 0.1 0.1
Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
3.5 5.1 0.7 99.9 4.9
4.9 8.6 0.6 99.8 4.1
6.2 7.8 0.7 99.9 5.0
13.9 7.3 4.7 100.0 9.9
14.3 9.1 5.9 100.0 11.9
16.0 13.4 8.1 100.0 14.5
16.5 15.0 8.3 100.0 12.7
8.1 5.5 13.3 0.0 4.9
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
0.0 16.4 12.0 6.0 13.3
0.1 17.5 10.1 1.7 22.0
0.1 18.8 9.9 1.4 40.8
0.0 15.5 9.0 1.1 8.3
0.0 18.6 9.6 1.0 10.4
0.2 24.0 9.7 1.0 8.5
0.2 25.5 9.4 1.3 8.2
13.1 2.2 -1.2 -7.4 -2.4
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
24.7 1.1 80.0 99.8 1.1
23.7 1.7 84.0 99.7 1.4
19.9 3.3 71.5 99.7 1.6
14.5 7.2 65.6 99.1 3.4
18.7 8.9 64.3 99.4 4.3
14.1 9.5 71.6 96.6 5.7
17.5 9.7 73.3 95.8 6.9
-1.7 11.4 -0.4 -0.2 9.6
Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden
34.7 7.4 23.7 17.2 51.0
28.3 18.5 25.2 14.7 47.6
29.7 15.0 28.7 16.1 57.2
34.6 17.7 22.5 19.3 52.0
32.2 15.9 26.3 20.0 54.3
37.0 18.9 29.9 25.3 58.4
53.3 22.0 29.2 32.7 55.1
2.2 5.6 1.0 3.3 0.4
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
55.0 40.4 1.8 11.5
57.4 41.6 2.1 10.8
57.0 24.9 2.7 8.2
54.9 19.0 5.0 8.4
55.7 17.3 5.6 9.0
55.6 19.6 6.8 10.3
56.5 26.4 6.7 10.0
0.1 -2.1 6.7 -0.7
*Renewable sources include hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biofuels, liquid biofuels and biogases. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
58 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Table 4. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydroelectricity* (%) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-10
OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe
1.8
1.6
1.9
3.5
4.0
4.7
5.1
5.2
2.8 1.3 0.7
2.0 1.3 1.1
1.9 1.3 2.0
2.6 2.0 5.8
3.0 2.1 6.5
3.5 2.3 7.8
3.8 2.3 8.5
1.6 3.0 12.9
IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe
1.8 2.7 1.3 0.7
1.5 1.8 1.3 1.1
1.8 1.8 1.4 2.0
3.5 2.5 2.0 5.7
4.0 2.9 2.2 6.4
4.7 3.4 2.3 7.7
5.1 3.8 2.4 8.4
5.4 1.7 3.0 12.9
Non-OECD Total World
0.4 1.3
0.5 1.2
0.7 1.4
0.9 2.3
1.0 2.6
1.2 3.0
.. ..
.. ..
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile
0.5 2.3 0.4 0.8 5.2
0.4 3.3 0.4 1.0 6.7
0.6 2.7 0.7 1.4 2.3
1.9 10.0 3.5 1.8 4.6
2.4 9.9 4.8 1.7 5.2
2.6 9.6 5.7 1.9 7.2
2.4 14.5 6.3 2.2 7.4
8.4 9.7 14.6 4.9 1.8
Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France
3.1 9.5 0.5
0.7 5.0 0.1 10.3 0.5
0.7 15.5 0.2 12.3 0.6
1.5 26.3 1.0 12.5 1.5
2.1 27.7 1.6 13.8 1.8
2.7 27.6 5.8 12.5 2.4
3.6 31.7 7.9 13.8 2.7
12.4 1.9 9.0
Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
0.3 0.0 0.1 6.7 -
0.8 0.1 0.2 5.8 0.1
2.4 0.8 0.2 17.2 1.4
10.6 3.2 4.2 29.9 7.5
11.0 3.9 5.4 24.5 8.6
12.8 4.6 7.4 27.0 11.2
13.4 4.1 7.8 26.2 10.7
20.8 38.9 27.5 7.1 -
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
1.5 1.4 0.0 2.1
1.5 1.5 0.1 3.9
2.5 1.6 0.0 11.6
0.0 4.8 2.4 0.2 4.6
0.0 5.3 2.5 0.3 5.5
0.1 7.0 2.5 0.4 5.1
0.1 8.4 2.5 0.5 4.9
8.8 3.1 37.2 4.4
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
4.4 1.0 8.2 0.2 0.0
5.6 1.6 7.5 0.2 0.0
3.7 3.2 9.2 0.2 0.2
3.9 7.1 11.5 0.9 1.9
3.7 8.8 13.3 0.9 2.9
3.9 9.5 15.9 0.9 4.2
3.6 9.6 18.1 1.0 5.0
-1.0 12.0 4.1 9.2 27.2
Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden
2.5 0.4 1.3
3.2 0.8 1.7
3.6 0.5 2.8 3.1
13.1 1.7 0.8 10.3 7.6
17.2 1.8 1.8 12.5 8.2
20.2 2.1 1.2 16.2 10.2
22.7 1.9 1.4 18.4 8.4
11.8 21.5 9.6
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
0.8 0.1 0.2 3.0
0.9 0.4 0.6 2.0
1.3 0.2 1.3 1.9
1.9 0.3 3.7 2.6
1.9 0.6 4.3 3.1
2.0 1.1 5.4 3.7
2.3 1.9 5.8 4.0
5.4 13.8 18.6 1.5
*Renewable sources include geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, tide, wind, renewable municipal waste, solid biofuels, liquid biofuels and biogases. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 59
Table 5. OECD: Primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2009 (ktoe) Biofuels and renewable waste 2
Total*
Hydro1
Wind
Solar/ tide
Geothermal
OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe
113583.8
19187.0
6864.6
30582.7
221238.2
391456.4
59464.5 9844.9 44274.3
6834.8 767.1 11585.1
1875.2 2074.0 2915.4
13960.8 5671.6 10950.3
102446.8 13504.2 105287.3
184582.1 31861.8 175012.5
IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe
107645.1 54991.8 9843.0 42810.3
19111.4 6776.7 766.3 11568.4
5660.6 1712.9 1032.6 2915.1
21443.5 8166.6 5671.6 7605.4
206596.3 89012.6 13476.0 104107.8
360457.0 160660.5 30789.6 169006.9
Non-OECD Total World
166060.2 281817.4
4304.1 23498.7
8258.4 16164.3
31214.3 61797.0
983935.8 1206003.2
.. ..
1051.6 3465.2 28.2 31291.0 2175.5
327.3 169.2 85.7 393.3 6.8
220.7 125.8 25.4 11.6 -
33.5 4.1 -
5690.8 5014.6 2096.7 11227.0 5051.5
7290.4 8808.3 2240.0 42922.9 7233.7
Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France
208.9 1.6 2.8 1091.0 4913.9
24.8 578.0 16.8 23.8 678.6
13.1 14.3 1.3 109.2
11.5 110.6
2179.3 2636.1 696.9 6776.1 13980.1
2426.1 3241.7 716.5 7892.2 19792.3
Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
1604.8 462.2 19.6 1056.0 77.6
3323.0 218.7 28.5 254.1
972.7 186.6 4.6 4.4
473.5 22.4 96.2 3344.9 -
21317.1 982.2 1687.6 0.9 304.5
27691.0 1872.1 1836.5 4401.8 640.6
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
1.9 4225.9 6466.6 241.9 9.1
0.8 562.7 253.6 58.9 5.4
1041.4 143.1 724.5 79.3 2.2
4805.2 2685.9 22.1 -
28.2 6289.8 5594.3 1096.1 104.9
1072.2 16026.6 15724.8 1498.3 121.7
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
2297.3 8.4 2082.9 10856.8 204.3
51.3 394.0 126.5 84.4 92.6
162.3 26.2 8.1 2.0
5794.2 3.4 2963.6 14.3
8382.8 2715.6 1094.9 1296.6 5952.0
16687.9 3147.6 6276.0 12237.7 6265.2
Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden
712.4 375.6 405.3 2264.5 5663.3
651.6 0.5 3248.5 213.7
52.0 0.0 0.3 678.5 10.5
177.8 8.5 9.1 -
3146.4 828.3 481.6 5890.1 9931.3
4740.2 1213.0 887.3 12090.6 15818.8
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
3072.2 3092.4 452.5 23700.7
2.0 128.6 800.1 6383.4
43.3 428.7 71.2 1701.3
210.2 1624.2 0.8 8166.6
1448.2 4641.4 4888.8 77785.6
4775.8 9915.3 6213.4 117737.6
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile
1
Hydro does not include pumped hydro
2
Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, renewable municipal waste and biogases.
* Total does not include non-renewable waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
60 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
Table 6. OECD: Estimated primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2010 (ktoe) Biofuels and renewable waste 2
Total*
Hydro1
Wind
Solar/ tide
Geothermal
OECD Total OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe
115197.8
22336.5
7714.0
31574.4
235122.2
411944.8
57582.8 9894.2 47720.7
8751.0 864.2 12721.3
1918.6 2077.2 3718.2
14100.9 6112.9 11360.5
109307.2 12452.3 113362.7
191660.6 31400.8 188883.4
IEA Total IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe
108657.7 52517.9 9892.3 46247.5
22249.1 8688.2 863.4 12697.5
6477.0 1724.2 1035.7 3717.1
22401.7 8411.6 6112.9 7877.2
220252.1 95736.3 12428.6 112087.3
380037.6 167078.1 30333.0 182626.5
Non-OECD Total World
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
1071.1 2989.8 27.2 30228.7 1873.9
327.3 173.6 109.3 500.9 28.6
257.8 155.8 76.2 11.6 -
36.9 4.2 -
4848.0 5248.7 2107.6 11407.8 5194.8
6504.2 8604.8 2324.5 42149.0 7097.2
Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France
240.2 1.8 2.3 1107.9 5400.3
28.9 671.6 23.8 25.0 829.3
61.6 17.3 1.5 160.2
10.2 90.3
2391.4 2996.7 759.6 7745.9 14473.5
2722.1 3697.6 785.7 8880.3 20953.6
Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland
1633.7 569.2 16.2 1082.9 47.9
3139.0 183.7 45.9 241.4
1479.0 211.9 5.5 5.5
529.6 22.4 97.1 3483.3 -
23933.0 1030.3 1763.2 0.9 304.1
30714.3 2017.6 1927.9 4567.1 598.9
Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg
1.9 4350.1 6379.1 316.7 9.3
0.8 726.6 325.8 69.8 4.7
1041.4 245.4 647.3 122.0 2.3
4819.1 2471.9 33.8 -
23.7 7223.5 5232.2 1171.1 104.3
1067.8 17364.7 15056.2 1713.4 120.7
Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland
3191.1 9.0 2125.5 10108.1 250.8
34.2 343.6 140.5 77.0 142.3
194.4 27.7 8.6 2.3
5689.4 7.6 3607.2 13.3
8376.1 2605.8 1177.3 1358.5 6616.0
17485.2 2993.7 7059.1 11543.5 7024.7
Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden
1388.9 471.9 387.9 3630.5 6133.2
782.4 0.4 3758.9 299.2
71.1 0.0 1.1 756.2 11.1
178.8 11.0 4.0 -
3215.0 662.4 515.0 6503.0 10148.9
5636.2 1145.8 904.0 14652.6 16592.4
Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
3101.3 4454.5 306.0 22289.1
2.0 250.8 861.8 8187.4
54.9 300.1 71.2 1712.6
228.6 1823.4 0.8 8411.6
1555.4 4646.5 5453.6 84328.4
4942.3 11475.2 6693.3 124929.1
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile
1
Hydro does not include pumped hydro
2
Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, renewable municipal waste and biogases.
* Total does not include non-renewable waste. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries .
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 61
PART IV DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 63
OECD TOTAL
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
64 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD TOTAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (18.6%)
Other* (0.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (95.4%)
Hydro (38.0%)
Nuclear (10.0%) Renewables (5.9%)
Coal (23.8%)
Oil (41.4%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (51.4%)
Biogases (1.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.5%)
Other** (10.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
4,522 Mtoe
267.56 Mtoe
137.41 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (24.5%)
Other* (0.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (69.4%)
Hydro (28.0%)
Nuclear (11.0%)
Biogases (6.7%)
Renewables (7.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (57.1%)
Coal (20.2%)
Oil (36.3%)
Liquid biofuels (18.1%) Renew. mun. waste (5.8%)
Other** (15.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
5,413 Mtoe
411.94 Mtoe
235.12 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 2500
TWh
2000 1500 1000 500 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 65
OECD TOTAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4522.10 267.56
4873.13 297.62
5292.15 316.78
5552.72 365.88
5480.77 383.83
5237.72 391.46
5412.81 411.94
0.8 2.0 1.2
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.6
7.0
7.5
7.6
20182.03
22346.50
26223.09
30677.07
30711.59
29633.35
30508.19
2.0
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
-1.2 -1.2
111
108
100
90
88
88
88
1064.06
1111.42
1151.82
1209.38
1217.46
1224.87
1230.86
0.7
4.25
4.38
4.59
4.59
4.50
4.28
4.40
0.0
7629.3
8545.2
9726.9
10790.9
10809.8
10403.1
10772.2
1.6
1322.42
1460.38
1520.54
1668.79
1764.36
1809.70
1890.95
1.7 0.0
17.3
17.1
15.6
15.5
16.3
17.4
17.6
795.0
890.3
990.8
1090.3
1064.2
1042.1
..
1.4
0.01
2.87
4.03
21.87
30.01
35.29
..
57.7
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.3 0.4 2.0 2.8 3.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
55.5
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1990
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
400057
441109
471252
576418
605241
643131
..
2.5
Hydro
375574
411775
425533
446855
449472
453325
..
1.0
..
82592
85262
94403
94833
95281
..
..
4463
5049
5393
5366
5628
5894
..
1.5
..
..
761
8004
13342
21002
..
..
Solar thermal
339
333
419
479
529
708
..
4.0
Tide, wave, ocean
260
260
261
261
261
261
..
0.0
2386
4210
15411
78067
95979
118263
..
22.8
Industrial waste
..
..
1720
839
1186
1143
..
..
Municipal waste
..
..
6315
9061
9278
9973
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
..
13094
20780
22078
24257
..
..
Biogases
..
..
2345
6090
6671
7240
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
616
817
1065
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
22999
29033
47029
86583
98963
105702
..
8.4
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
16100
20324
32921
60607
69277
73992
..
8.4
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
Wind
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
66 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD TOTAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
1382152
1541421
1620917
1777120
1867832
1911058
1994636
1.7
Hydro
1224686
1383549
1408899
1360689
1401015
1386150
1408724
0.7
43093
58667
68542
73697
68752
65408
69215
2.2
28614
29798
32976
40307
40815
42074
43017
2.0
19
126
731
7037
11414
19534
28734
44.1
Solar thermal
663
824
526
685
899
842
844
1.3
Tide, wave, ocean
597
601
605
549
546
530
554
-0.6
Wind
3845
7349
28553
149848
188186
223105
259727
23.8
Industrial waste
7665
9399
13532
9082
8760
10006
7784
1.4
Municipal waste renew.
9134
13170
18802
28883
29288
29236
29908
6.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
8979
12977
18303
25552
25958
25944
26688
5.7
94298
77463
84865
122317
126358
131199
143209
1.8
3652
6165
13125
28904
31150
37627
40382
13.1
-
-
-
3267
3443
4811
5065
-
Electricity only plants
1305591
1482649
1549844
1678402
1767140
1804339
..
1.7
Hydro
1224686
1383549
1408899
1360689
1401015
1386150
..
0.7
43093
58667
68542
73697
68752
65408
..
2.2
28557
29634
32085
38832
39204
40477
..
1.9 44.1
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
19
126
731
7037
11414
19534
..
Solar thermal
663
824
526
685
899
842
..
1.3
Tide, wave, ocean
597
601
605
549
546
530
..
-0.6
Wind
3845
7349
28553
149848
188186
223105
..
23.8
Industrial waste
3403
4914
5563
2622
2745
3581
..
0.3
Municipal waste renew.
7622
10829
14815
20388
20379
20444
..
5.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
7642
10806
14562
18107
18262
18285
..
4.7
25568
29256
33353
54047
56626
56683
..
4.3
2989
4761
10152
23721
25741
31207
..
13.1
-
-
-
1877
2123
3501
..
-
CHP plants
76561
58772
71073
98718
100692
106719
..
1.8
Geothermal
57
164
891
1475
1611
1597
..
19.2
Industrial waste
4262
4485
7969
6460
6015
6425
..
2.2
Municipal waste renew.
1512
2341
3987
8495
8909
8792
..
9.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
1337
2171
3741
7445
7696
7659
..
9.6
68730
48207
51512
68270
69732
74516
..
0.4
663
1404
2973
5183
5409
6420
..
12.7
Solar photovoltaic
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
1390 1320 1310 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 67
OECD TOTAL 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
218839
280048
447732
477943
504395
547203
..
Geothermal
..
7817
8114
10325
11983
12473
12455
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
158
..
Industrial waste
..
8595
14303
8706
9075
15983
17397
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
51548
63535
93501
101804
104452
111278
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
48818
60522
80367
87425
90032
95774
..
Solid biofuels
..
96371
123339
235223
249778
259456
287817
..
Biogases
..
5684
10211
14332
13628
14065
13275
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
5216
4185
7826
9049
-
CHP plants
..
144701
185637
314561
336407
349699
..
..
Geothermal
..
7103
6967
7800
9500
9500
..
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
4611
6191
7673
7832
12218
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
38079
47007
68278
74956
74345
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
36580
44969
58316
64006
64028
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
56864
76595
163922
172098
179148
..
..
Biogases
..
1464
3908
6243
6314
5910
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
2329
1701
4550
..
-
Heat only plants
..
74138
94411
133171
141536
154696
..
..
Geothermal
..
714
1147
2525
2483
2973
..
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
..
..
Industrial waste
..
3984
8112
1033
1243
3765
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
13469
16528
25223
26848
30107
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
12238
15553
22051
23419
26004
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
39507
46744
71301
77680
80308
..
..
Biogases
..
4220
6303
8089
7314
8155
..
..
2887 2484 3276 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
16550
19041
26035
24899
17568
15169
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
20133
21748
17851
18373
17692
15577
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
6697
6547
5285
5312
4928
5281
-
Other sources (2)
-
3114
3840
13469
11838
4804
4873
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
68 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
113584 113584 -108772 -4812 1320742 1320742 -
Wind
19187 19187 -17934 -1253 223105 223105 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
46 46 -46 530 530 -
Solar PV
1680 1680 -1250 -430 19534 19534 -
Geothermal
30583 30583 -9 -25637 -167 -1028 -31 -131 -6 -142 3433 287 151 135 3147 2232 515 156 30 214 42074 40477 1597 12473 9500 2973
Solar thermal
5139 5139 -186 -3 -129 4822 11 1 1 9 4811 4513 215 12 71 842 842 108 108
Industrial waste
8652 3 -7 8647 -634 -352 -598 -1022 -112 -26 -4 -1 5898 5866 138 840 52 2754 17 34 1484 52 1 5 490 32 32 10006 3581 6425 15983 12218 3765
Mun. waste renew.
13324 13325 -4646 -2164 -2555 -1863 -572 -465 1059 245 3 82 2 8 23 126 814 7 807 29236 20444 8792 104452 74345 30107
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 69
OECD TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
11937 11937 -4094 -1909 -2280 -1674 -537 -379 1064 310 3 192 1 8 22 83 754 4 750 25943 18284 7659 90032 64028 26004
Wood/ wood waste
154044 3502 -1388 -13 156145 -1 -10864 -5813 -7979 -9012 -2284 -72 -235 -180 119706 58989 10 231 64 1207 4 62 16 4592 40873 10239 100 71 1521 60717 56072 2625 2013 7 131199 56683 74516 259456 179148 80308
Charcoal
160 -32 127 112 239 19 4 15 220 210 5 4 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
8601 8601 -3309 -2191 -265 -153 -58 -9 -2 -7 2605 2507 4 3 3 1 2497 98 25 71 1 20487 18881 1606 3229 1256 1973
1174 1174 -11 -99 -355 -293 -8 -3 -8 -3 -24 370 28 7 6 4 11 13 13 328 34 292 2 2694 336 2358 1581 1224 357
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4764 4764 -3409 -95 -190 -329 -161 -2 -7 571 426 296 1 80 40 1 8 8 8 137 6 45 82 3 14446 11990 2456 9255 3430 5825
23631 1234 -301 -210 24354 17 24372 24372 24372 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
9334 2884 -1563 -110 10545 13 10558 21 21 10521 10517 4 16 2 14 -
2201 3 2204 -1 -816 -184 -239 -103 -88 774 377 1 24 3 1 4 3 14 295 1 32 384 384 13 1 1 8 4 4811 3501 1310 7826 4550 3276
Total renew. & waste sources
407881 7786 -3284 -340 412042 19 -181608 -19469 -15489 -14480 -3954 -951 -123 -19 -325 -174 175471 69086 153 1405 122 4241 6 84 22 4758 42892 10292 123 77 4912 35298 35294 4 71087 63104 5360 2286 30 305 1845649 1738930 106719 504395 349699 154696
Share in total energy sources
10.7% 0.3% 0.2% x 7.9% x x x x x x x x x x x 4.9% 8.9% 0.2% 0.9% 0.3% 5.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 6.8% 39.1% 46.4% 0.7% 0.5% 6.3% 3.0% 3.4% 5.5% 8.9% 1.1% 4.0% 0.6% 1.0% 17.7% 18.5% 10.6% 16.5% 14.4% 24.7%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
70 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1100783 1100783 1016241 1729 82813 6734 76079
1167086 1167086 1065589 2872 98625 7139 91486
1270653 1270653 1151484 3414 115755 13078 102677
1267798 1267798 -159 1109560 5403 152676 12369 140307
1240984 1240984 -75 1111441 5885 123583 12181 111402
1280683 1280683 -356 1130623 5929 143775 12000 131775
1322209 1322209 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.8 0.8 x 0.6 x 2.9 3.1 2.9
78038 78038 1 2393 75646 372 75274
86725 86725 -1 2973 83751 1678 82073
159571 159571 5593 153978 4163 149815
182272 182272 1 6366 3 175904 5600 170304
206291 206291 8419 3 197869 5668 192201
215206 215206 1 7897 5390 201920 469 201451
217555 217555 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.5 5.5 x 6.5 5.3 1.2 5.3
181883 181883 -72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057
293108 293108 -502 184150 2103 106353 103942 2411
362241 -27 362214 -174 151558 229 210253 207250 3003
330934 157 -233 330858 97157 192 340 233169 231297 1872
292358 278 10 292646 -3 90229 194 104 202116 200914 1202
362295 112 -313 362094 -1 114870 179 62 246982 245652 1330
316102 316102 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.7 x 3.7 x 0.1 -16.3 x 7.5 7.6 -2.3
278261 278261 -1420 271566 49 5226 16 5210
378543 3 378546 -3400 319540 4 55602 24567 31035
549246 570 549816 492506 57310 28277 29033
565895 -7 565888 -1 503951 61936 28151 33785
557965 16 557981 -1 513625 44355 10255 34100
569357 569357 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.5 x 5.5 x 5.1 18.7 39.3 17.2
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
200934 200934 1 199202 34 1699 19 1680
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 71
OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
273248 273248 -1421 267077 49 4701 10 4691
368950 3 368953 -3400 311496 4 54053 24392 29661
491091 570 491661 2 439392 52271 27563 24708
507277 -6 507271 1 450540 56732 25951 30781
499854 10 499864 -1 455324 44539 12965 31574
509904 509904 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.1 x 5.1 x 4.7 22.5 45.8 20.3
5471411 6725 8628 5486764 1 1653457 31 3833277 1459368 1 2373908
5892787 13668 505 5906960 -32 1714555 3 9 4192361 1646934 1 2545426
6097551 19292 -413 6116430 1 1015453 136 12 5100830 2637887 2462943
6546154 60549 -815 6605888 1405235 124 5200529 2714625 2485904
6598023 61367 52 6659442 3 1449219 5420 5204806 2671584 2533222
6450771 88503 -553 6538721 -60 1518347 7517 5012797 2470215 2 2542580
6743145 83369 -535 6825979 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.9 14.5 x 0.9 x -0.4 33.5 x 1.4 2.8 3.7 0.4
36143 36143 34775 1368 1281 87
61065 61065 59619 1 1445 597 848
190736 190736 126722 64 63950 59768 4182
315320 315320 -104 217001 81 421 97713 93995 9 3709
340285 340285 -1 242976 85 271 96952 93515 13 3424
360188 360188 -11 250704 98 295 109080 104981 16 4083
367922 367922 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.9 12.9 x 11.0 x 25.9 26.1 22.5
13131 13131 6855 6276 6276
19254 19254 1 11551 7704 2 7702
31997 31997 20197 11800 3214 8586
45940 45940 1 28398 2576 1073 13894 1421 12473
46521 46521 -2 28538 2598 1077 14306 1062 495 12749
49156 49156 2 32548 111 1009 15490 1175 559 13756
52294 52294 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.2 7.2 x 8.5 x 4.9 4.2
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
192889 192889 191908 34 947 10 937
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
72 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
16416 16416 8513 7903 7766 137
22935 22935 -1 15838 24 7072 6757 315
21812 21812 -1 16259 4 5548 4319 1229
161051 161051 -1 128839 79 32132 28576 3556
165623 165623 -1 132653 101 32868 28907 310 3651
199485 199485 2 175284 277 23926 17854 328 5744
241196 241196 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.0 14.0 x 17.3 6.0 4.5 21.7
-
4101000 49000 26000 4176000 8000 4184000 4184000
4734500 79000 77500 4891000 365000 5256000 5256000
21996307 1882608 -264916 23613999 -1999 23612000 23612000
31149846 2497900 -470367 33177379 -38379 33139000 33139000
36982899 1429550 -255450 38083999 -45999 38111000 38111000
44345289 1090950 -101239 45262000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
165177 6000 -177 171000 171000 171000
467748 11522 -270 479000 479000 479000
6063376 213014 -125390 6151000 7000 6158000 6084000
8775098 291144 -259000 8807242 80758 8888000 8857000
10297853 1548924 -169786 11733991 59009 11736000 11694000
10038366 2103745 190889 12389000 .. .. ..
x x -
7153 7153 7153 6547 606
47844 47844 47844 46757 1087
269666 269666 269666 268001 1665
5844834 46919 -189 5891564 2198129 320 3693115 1027156 2655284 10675
4519462 112499 -41 4631920 1896921 7 2734992 1109107 1611630 14255
3398171 3323 -242 3401252 -635 2149203 1251414 660214 575745 15455
3728265 120635 -1308 3847592 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
38.3 x 38.3 x 31.2 26.6 18.6
81 11 92 92 92
99 17 116 116 116
109 58 167 167 28 139
182 146 328 328 20 308
160 162 322 322 51 271
153 173 326 326 26 300
163 163 326 .. .. .. ..
3.4 15.6 6.9 6.9 6.4
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 73
OECD AMERICAS
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
74 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD AMERICAS Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (22.9%)
Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (96.3%)
Hydro (34.9%)
Nuclear (7.9%) Renewables (6.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (52.3%)
Coal (21.7%)
Oil (40.7%)
Biogases (1.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.8%)
Other** (12.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2,260 Mtoe
148.21 Mtoe
77.57 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (25.8%)
Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (66.5%)
Hydro (30.0%)
Nuclear (9.1%)
Biogases (5.1%)
Renewables (7.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (57.0%)
Oil (37.5%)
Coal (20.4%)
Liquid biofuels (24.8%) Renew. mun. waste (3.7%)
Other** (12.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2,691 Mtoe
191.66 Mtoe
109.31 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 75
OECD AMERICAS 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2259.61 148.21
2445.67 164.55
2694.61 167.15
2813.48 177.55
2753.95 185.04
2620.46 184.58
2691.41 191.66
0.8 1.2 0.4
6.6
6.7
6.2
6.3
6.7
7.0
7.1
8100.75
9143.75
11335.84
13394.97
13412.36
13031.54
13426.90
2.5
0.28
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.20
-1.7 -1.7
117
113
100
88
86
85
84
372.30
401.41
426.76
457.23
461.50
465.60
469.81
1.2
6.07
6.09
6.31
6.15
5.97
5.63
5.73
-0.4
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
3819.1
4298.7
4875.7
5281.7
5305.5
5090.3
5265.9
1.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
708.43
782.27
757.55
807.14
852.47
870.33
871.92
1.1
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
18.5
18.2
15.5
15.3
16.1
17.1
16.6
-0.4
454.4
503.9
569.3
635.6
618.2
602.5
..
1.5
-
2.65
3.32
15.02
20.28
22.96
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.5 0.6 2.4 3.3 3.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990 Total capacity Hydro
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
..
195318
199127
226501
236695
250440
..
..
162259
177771
180391
190108
191053
192709
..
0.9
..
21564
19699
22063
22035
22337
..
..
3369
3721
3648
3174
3194
3346
..
-0.0
..
..
197
1019
1205
1734
..
..
339
333
419
465
465
472
..
1.8
20
20
20
20
20
20
..
-
1915
1758
2486
18406
27141
38173
..
17.1
Industrial waste
..
..
638
366
527
522
..
..
Municipal waste
..
..
2641
2254
2250
2262
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
..
7695
8970
9035
9294
..
..
Biogases
..
..
992
1644
1723
1725
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
75
82
183
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
18530
21215
19768
30963
39682
39955
..
4.1
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
12971
14851
13838
21674
27777
27968
..
4.1
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
76 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD AMERICAS 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
734404
817829
800026
845761
890738
906294
905612
1.1
Hydro
618214
719832
690255
696756
719773
714379
694012
0.8
15919
23851
26893
26037
25392
22931
24444
1.9
21136
20610
20522
24202
23929
23786
23766
0.6
4
13
206
1035
1257
1812
1812
38.0
663
824
526
673
879
816
816
1.1
26
33
32
30
33
33
33
1.3
Wind
3067
3262
5933
37898
59709
79474
101756
18.7
Industrial waste
4710
4268
7170
5006
5344
5532
1904
0.9
Municipal waste renew.
5382
7485
8463
9680
9620
9576
9369
3.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
5348
7441
8417
7581
7531
7497
7342
1.8
73337
50729
52547
54527
53311
53156
54993
-1.7
2517
3332
5955
8289
9264
10142
9712
7.6
-
-
-
84
88
91
97
-
Electricity only plants
671437
778753
757120
803687
849516
864138
..
1.3
Hydro
618214
719832
690255
696756
719773
714379
..
0.8
15919
23851
26893
26037
25392
22931
..
1.9
21136
20610
20522
24202
23929
23786
..
0.6
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
4
13
206
1035
1257
1812
..
38.0
663
824
526
673
879
816
..
1.1
26
33
32
30
33
33
..
1.3
3067
3262
5933
37898
59709
79474
..
18.7
749
440
923
1116
1429
1426
..
3.4
4846
6739
7286
8536
8490
8386
..
2.9 1.6
4847
6729
7275
6701
6663
6581
..
15368
17150
19532
19476
19146
18655
..
1.0
2517
3121
4630
7250
8200
8779
..
6.8
-
-
-
14
8
11
..
-
CHP plants
62967
39076
42906
42074
41222
42156
..
-2.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3961
3828
6247
3890
3915
4106
..
0.2 4.3
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
536
746
1177
1144
1130
1190
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
501
712
1142
880
868
916
..
3.2
57969
33579
33015
35051
34165
34501
..
-2.7
-
211
1325
1039
1064
1363
..
-
Solid biofuels Biogases
70 80 80 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 77
OECD AMERICAS 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
30553
29132
49532
46519
49554
52803
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
4589
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
4944
8935
7170
7620
7945
7624
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
4340
8330
5342
5678
5903
5707
..
Solid biofuels
..
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
33540
..
Biogases
..
-
2191
1331
1112
1049
1343
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
..
29172
27751
48382
45254
48143
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
4046
8037
6422
6798
7028
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
3857
7847
4940
5235
5409
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
..
..
Biogases
..
-
2191
1331
1112
1049
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
..
1381
1381
1150
1265
1411
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
898
898
748
822
917
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
483
483
402
443
494
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Biogases
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
78 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD AMERICAS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
59465 59465 -56529 -2935 691448 691448 -
Wind
6835 6835 -6805 -30 79474 79474 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
3 3 -3 33 33 -
Solar PV
156 156 -22 -134 1812 1812 -
Geothermal
13961 13961 -13742 219 106 106 113 33 81 23786 23786 -
Solar thermal
1717 1717 -181 1536 7 7 1528 1467 62 816 816 -
Industrial waste
2980 2980 -231 -129 -155 -753 1713 1711 114 536 21 1038 1 2 2 5532 1426 4106 3818 3818 -
Mun. waste renew.
4085 4085 -2893 -347 -383 -85 -40 337 61 61 276 276 9576 8386 1190 7945 7028 917
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 79
OECD AMERICAS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
3190 3190 -2273 -268 -301 -61 -22 265 48 48 217 217 7497 6581 916 5903 5409 494
Wood/ wood waste
70398 118 -414 70102 -3449 -2422 -1471 -4585 58175 34763 60 6 1480 27839 4798 580 23412 21336 1735 341 53156 18655 34501 30839 30839 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
5033 5033 -2127 -186 -202 -21 -1 2496 2489 4 1 1 2483 7 7 9301 8440 861 380 380 -
62 62 -56 -7 149 149 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
206 206 -47 -5 -30 -86 38 7 4 4 31 31 692 190 502 669 669 -
21613 514 -20 -190 21916 -1 21916 21916 21916 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1650 269 -867 -98 954 94 1048 1048 1048 -
88 88 -1 -1 -13 73 73 73 91 11 80 -
Total renew. & waste sources
191442 901 -1301 -288 190753 93 -88303 -6513 -2542 -5604 -62 -7 -1 87816 39265 4 174 543 1 1505 28954 4799 3285 22964 22964 25586 22836 2411 341 883363 841207 42156 49554 48143 1411
Share in total energy sources
8.3% 0.1% 0.3% x 7.3% x x x x x x x x 4.9% 11.4% 0.0% 0.2% 1.9% 0.0% 4.9% 45.4% 38.7% 9.1% 3.3% 3.8% 4.3% 7.2% 1.0% 1.6% 17.4% 17.6% 13.3% 9.0% 8.8% 100.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
80 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
774965 774965 760896 14069 14069
758960 758960 741960 17000 17000
760527 760527 738792 21735 4642 17093
634474 634474 591111 43363 4959 38404
593313 593313 583079 10234 4959 5275
584623 584623 575444 9179 4431 4748
590492 590492 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -2.2 -5.6
3114 3114 2387 727 34 693
4027 4027 2967 1060 49 1011
67693 67693 5569 62124 85 62039
66248 66248 6216 60032 212 59820
71136 71136 8193 62943 261 62682
71882 71882 7564 64318 314 64004
73700 73700 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
18.0 18.0 6.3 26.6 12.4 26.9
82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -
132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -
175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655
141646 141646 46643 95003 94377 626
107613 107613 52693 54920 54839 81
124772 124772 53054 71718 71633 85
68616 68616 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 2.2 -2.2 22.3 22.3 -
89439 89439 89439 -
138350 138350 138350 -
174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925
167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369
172817 172817 157992 14825 2623 12202
171061 171061 156952 14109 2548 11561
168134 168134 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 3.5 3.0 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 81
OECD AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
136858 136858 136858 -
173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925
130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576
135008 135008 123360 11648 2061 9587
133566 133566 122479 11087 2003 9084
130874 130874 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 2.2 1.7 -
3127614 -515 3127099 1 1416359 25 1710716 725595 985121
3317894 -2332 3315562 6 1382155 1933413 842896 1090517
3326888 -3127 3323761 2 618259 2705504 1719195 986309
3199437 -13094 3186343 1 533918 2652426 1673737 978689
3145656 -11540 3134116 506235 2627881 1625308 1002573
2947991 -12380 2935611 499477 2436134 1455741 980393
3062174 -18312 3043862 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-0.3 18.2 -0.3 x -5.3 1.9 3.7 -0.0
31411 31411 31411 -
44207 44207 44207 -
124831 124831 65373 59458 57035 2423
179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739
193718 193718 100512 50 93156 92738 418
210756 210756 106172 50 104534 104237 297
219776 219776 .. .. .. .. .. ..
10.5 10.5 6.6 -
276 276 276 -
516 516 516 -
1053 1053 1053 -
1744 1744 1744 -
1929 1929 1929 -
2617 2617 2617 -
3289 3289 .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.6 12.6 12.6 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
88273 88273 88273 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
82 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137
8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161
8621 8621 7011 1610 309 1301
8176 8176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000
4642000 79000 79000 4800000 365000 5165000 5165000
20200879 1703657 -223536 21681000 21681000 21681000
28557040 2022346 -465386 30114000 30114000 30114000
33828599 772611 -298211 34302999 1 34303000 34303000
40766811 416398 -169209 41014000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
20667 333 21000 21000 21000
1632750 -437509 -241 1195000 1195000 1195000
2260353 -1195938 584 1064999 1 1065000 1065000
1687582 -609674 -99428 978480 95520 1074000 1074000
1036195 -255375 7180 788000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -
169745 169745 27497 142248 142248 -
214520 214520 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 83
OECD ASIA OCEANIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
84 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD ASIA OCEANIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (10.2%)
Other* (0.1%)
Hydro (44.2%)
Nuclear (10.3%) Renewables (4.0%)
Coal (21.9%)
Oil (53.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (96.8%)
Biogases (1.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (37.7%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.1%)
Other** (18.1%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
643 Mtoe
25.85 Mtoe
9.74 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (17.3%)
Other* (0.3%) Nuclear (12.5%)
Biogases (4.8%)
Hydro (31.5%)
Liquid biofuels (4.6%)
Renewables (3.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (39.7%)
Coal (27.5%)
Oil (38.8%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (81.6%)
Other** (28.8%)
Renew. mun. waste (9.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
907 Mtoe
31.40 Mtoe
12.45 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 85
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
642.93 25.85
764.01 27.13
850.20 29.33
900.65 30.84
891.47 31.54
871.19 31.86
907.47 31.40
1.6 1.1 -0.5
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.5
4833.01
5347.97
5789.91
6680.77
6648.31
6389.93
6651.12
1.5
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.1
91
97
100
92
91
93
93
0.1
191.70
198.09
203.36
208.88
209.35
209.95
209.83
0.5 1.1
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)
3.35
3.86
4.18
4.31
4.26
4.15
4.32
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
1148.3
1380.7
1629.3
1899.8
1877.4
1852.0
1907.6
2.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
147.74
146.43
153.62
153.08
153.42
156.19
158.90
0.3
TPES/population (toe per capita)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
12.9
10.6
9.4
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.3
-2.2
97.5
121.4
129.3
133.7
130.5
129.4
..
1.5
-
-
-
0.19
0.31
0.46
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.2 0.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
54051
62328
67229
76407
77610
79045
..
2.0
Hydro
53110
60372
63867
67475
67531
67441
..
1.3
18945
24825
27395
30879
30879
30849
..
2.6
of which: pumped storage
531
779
951
983
1125
1168
..
4.2
Solar photovoltaic
2
58
363
2084
2609
3360
..
47.8
Solar thermal
-
-
-
3
3
3
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
3
160
3298
3828
4553
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
7
6
6
..
-
Geothermal
-
491
1333
1539
1538
1538
..
-
389
594
448
622
628
624
..
2.5 16.6
Municipal waste Solid biofuels
19
31
107
396
342
352
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
7500
18272
17608
19428
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
5250
12790
12326
13600
..
-
Biogases
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
86 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
155906
160006
167608
168887
167094
170135
174363
0.5
Hydro
140262
140490
143611
127445
123486
124307
126376
-0.6
7262
12170
11524
11874
9697
9831
11327
1.6
3872
5334
6270
6598
6954
7752
8535
3.7
Solar photovoltaic
2
67
396
2208
2692
3621
4128
48.4
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
9
304
6550
7541
8920
10049
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
90-09
-
-
97
436
489
616
637
-
903
1401
2374
3531
3509
3532
3537
7.4 7.4
904
1402
2368
3501
3485
3497
3501
9823
11065
11619
17131
17045
15899
15932
2.6
140
238
569
1483
1889
1951
1628
14.9
-
-
-
-
-
36
36
-
Electricity only plants
154626
158743
165885
167162
165407
168446
..
0.5
Hydro
140262
140490
143611
127445
123486
124307
..
-0.6
7262
12170
11524
11874
9697
9831
..
1.6
3815
5277
6228
6546
6902
7698
..
3.8
Solar photovoltaic
2
67
396
2208
2692
3621
..
48.4
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
9
304
6550
7541
8920
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
97
436
489
616
..
-
903
1401
2352
3418
3418
3424
..
7.3 7.3
904
1402
2354
3419
3419
3419
..
8713
10035
10456
15845
15736
14585
..
2.7
27
62
87
1291
1720
1816
..
24.8
-
-
-
-
-
36
..
-
CHP plants
1280
1263
1723
1725
1687
1689
..
1.5
Geothermal
57
57
42
52
52
54
..
-0.3
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
22
113
91
108
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
-
-
14
82
66
78
..
-
1110
1030
1163
1286
1309
1314
..
0.9
113
176
482
192
169
135
..
0.9
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 87
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
4185
8765
16350
19259
20251
18620
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
101
153
72
69
71
31
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
311
2012
5797
7365
7471
7471
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
208
1341
4179
5309
5386
5386
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
422
1333
1333
..
Biogases
..
3565
5259
6302
6094
5990
4399
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
..
-
-
3362
5220
3849
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
-
-
1589
2574
1462
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
-
-
1146
1855
1054
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
422
1333
..
..
Biogases
..
-
-
627
369
-
-
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
..
4185
8765
12988
14039
16402
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
101
153
72
69
71
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
311
2012
4208
4791
6009
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
208
1341
3033
3454
4332
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Biogases
..
3565
5259
5675
5725
5990
..
..
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
88 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
9845 9845 -9191 -654 114476 114476 -
Wind
767 767 -514 -253 8920 8920 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
311 311 -44 -267 3621 3621 -
Geothermal
5672 5672 -5015 -167 -31 459 151 151 1 308 7 196 104 7752 7698 54 -
Solar thermal
1763 1763 1762 1762 1729 32 4 4 -
Industrial waste
2007 -8 2000 -114 -2 1884 1870 112 229 18 668 16 8 328 5 485 14 14 616 616 71 71
Mun. waste renew.
1073 1073 -264 -425 -103 -143 138 138 138 3532 3424 108 7471 1462 6009
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 89
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
1021 1021 -264 -422 -74 -103 158 158 158 3497 3419 78 5386 1054 4332
Wood/ wood waste
11168 21 11189 -947 -2086 -895 -28 7233 5580 21 57 1991 2425 1066 19 1653 1544 110 15899 14585 1314 1333 1333 -
Charcoal
4 4 11 16 16 11 4 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
555 555 -488 -15 -20 -25 6 3 3 4 4 1865 1796 69 788 788
67 67 -3 -17 47 47 47 78 12 66 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
149 149 -1 -139 9 5 5 3 3 8 8 5202 5202
171 171 171 171 171 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
282 282 6 289 289 289 -
13 13 -13 36 36 -
Total renew. & waste sources
34864 25 -8 34882 6 -16728 -4419 -1140 -166 -246 -17 12172 7609 112 253 75 668 16 1999 2909 1066 5 505 460 460 4103 3291 699 104 7 160304 158615 1689 20251 3849 16402
Share in total energy sources
7.5% x 4.0% x x x x x x x 2.2% 5.0% 0.4% 0.9% 0.6% 4.2% 0.1% 18.5% 25.2% 70.4% 0.2% 3.6% 0.3% 0.4% 2.2% 4.1% 0.8% 1.6% 0.3% 8.7% 8.8% 3.3% 9.4% 2.2% 39.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
90 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
127797 127797 117393 10404 4631 5773
185285 185285 169095 16190 5048 11142
206506 206506 189130 17376 5712 11664
209223 209223 190661 18562 6107 12455
215268 215268 -1 196529 18738 6112 12626
237503 237503 218285 19218 6336 12882
255985 255985 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.3 3.3 x 3.3 3.3 1.7 4.3
67710 67710 1 67711 67711
65704 65704 65704 65704
63935 63935 63935 63935
60167 60167 14 60153 16 60137
72972 72972 13 72959 9 72950
73811 73811 13 73798 19 73779
72117 72117 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.5 0.5 x 0.5 0.5
19510 19510 -72 80 19358 19193 165
40872 40872 -502 123 40247 39867 380
54098 2 54100 -174 987 52939 52718 221
81645 -234 81411 3545 77866 77458 408
87563 111 87674 -3 3934 83737 82906 831
84062 -315 83747 -1 4867 78879 78301 578
88913 88913 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.0 x 8.0 x 24.1 7.7 7.7 6.8
8379 8379 8219 160 160
13435 13435 -1 12980 454 454
25047 25047 1 22686 2362 2362
44062 44062 38549 5513 5513
44563 44563 -1 39269 5293 5293
44925 44925 39159 5766 5766
46934 46934 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.2 9.2 x 8.6 20.8 20.8
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 91
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
13180 13180 1 12878 303 303
23519 23519 21945 1574 1574
39934 39934 1 35960 3975 3975
42074 42074 36411 5663 5663
42760 42760 36156 6604 6604
42367 42367 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.0 9.0 x 8.1 24.2 24.2
394144 972 395116 114917 280199 178502 101697
400532 553 401085 119114 281971 188178 93793
439128 1153 440281 115508 324773 233888 90885
493113 1205 494318 165471 328847 257202 71645
495638 1089 496727 1 176098 320630 250829 69801
467686 877 468563 1 165666 302898 233659 69239
425013 743 425756 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.9 -0.5 0.9 x 1.9 0.4 1.4 -2.0
688 688 688 -
1344 1344 1344 -
6610 6610 6610 -
17868 17868 17757 111 111 -
22219 22219 -1 22218 -
23239 23239 -10 22966 263 106 157
17452 17452 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
20.4 20.4 x 20.3 -
1509 1509 1229 280 280
1937 1937 1331 606 606
1170 1170 475 695 695
3992 3992 1 781 3212 3212
2663 2663 743 1920 1920
2810 2810 1 832 1979 1979
3049 3049 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.3 3.3 x -2.0 10.8 10.8
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
8327 8327 8220 107 107
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
92 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2342 2342 1841 501 501 -
4852 4852 4039 813 813 -
6337 6337 5516 821 821 -
6008 6008 5592 416 294 122
6220 6220 5980 240 202 38
6257 6257 5894 363 222 141
4327 4327 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.3 5.3 6.3 -1.7 -4.2 -
-
-
-
106344 -344 106000 106000 106000
189634 2000 366 192000 192000 192000
266594 406 267000 267000 267000
283562 1438 285000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
140140 -3140 137000 137000 137000
210323 677 211000 211000 211000
312766 -766 312000 7000 319000 319000
412639 2361 415000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
14924 14924 14924 -
14924 14924 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
35 35 35 35
31 4 35 35 35
25 6 31 31 31
17 6 23 23 23
16 6 22 22 22
16 6 22 22 22
15 15 .. .. .. ..
-4.0 -2.4 -2.4 -2.4
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 93
OECD EUROPE
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
94 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD EUROPE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (16.0%)
Other* (0.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (93.7%)
Hydro (41.1%)
Nuclear (12.7%) Renewables (5.8%)
Biogases (1.4%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (53.6%)
Coal (27.5%)
Oil (37.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (4.9%)
Other** (5.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
1,620 Mtoe
93.49 Mtoe
50.09 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (26.0%)
Other* (0.9%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (70.8%)
Hydro (25.3%)
Nuclear (13.2%) Renewables (10.4%)
Liquid biofuels (13.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (60.0%)
Coal (16.2%)
Oil (33.3%)
Biogases (8.5%)
Renew. mun. waste (7.5%)
Other** (14.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
1,814 Mtoe
188.88 Mtoe
113.36 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 95
OECD EUROPE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1619.57 93.49
1663.44 105.94
1747.34 120.30
1838.60 157.49
1835.35 167.25
1746.08 175.01
1813.93 188.88
0.4 3.4 2.9
5.8
6.4
6.9
8.6
9.1
10.0
10.4
7248.27
7854.78
9097.34
10601.34
10650.93
10211.88
10430.17
1.8
0.22
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
-1.4 -1.4
116
110
100
90
90
89
91
500.06
511.92
521.70
543.27
546.61
549.33
551.22
0.5
3.24
3.25
3.35
3.38
3.36
3.18
3.29
-0.1
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
2661.9
2865.9
3221.9
3609.5
3627.0
3460.8
3598.7
1.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
466.25
531.68
609.38
708.58
758.47
783.18
860.13
2.8 1.4
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
17.5
18.6
18.9
19.6
20.9
22.6
23.9
243.1
264.9
292.2
321.1
315.5
310.1
..
1.3
0.01
0.22
0.71
6.66
9.42
11.87
..
49.0
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.1 3.0 3.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
47.1
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
166345
183463
204896
273510
290936
313646
..
3.4
Hydro
160205
173632
181275
189272
190888
193175
..
1.0
29462
36203
38168
41461
41919
42095
..
1.9
563
549
794
1209
1309
1380
..
4.8
12
62
201
4901
9528
15908
..
46.0
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
11
61
233
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
240
240
241
241
241
241
..
0.0
Wind
471
2449
12765
56363
65010
75537
..
30.6
Industrial waste
420
682
1082
466
653
615
..
2.0
Municipal waste
1142
1662
2341
5268
5490
6173
..
9.3
Solid biofuels
3029
3669
4951
11188
12415
14339
..
8.5
263
518
1246
4050
4606
5163
..
17.0
Solar thermal
Biogases
-
-
-
541
735
882
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
4469
7818
19761
37348
41673
46319
..
13.1
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
3129
5473
13833
26143
29174
32424
..
13.1
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
96 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD EUROPE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
491842
563586
653283
762472
810000
834629
914661
2.8
Hydro
466210
523227
575033
536488
557756
547464
588336
0.8
19912
22646
30125
35786
33663
32646
33444
2.6
3606
3854
6184
9507
9932
10536
10716
5.8
13
46
129
3794
7465
14101
22794
44.5
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
8
16
22
24
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
521
-0.7
778
4078
22316
105400
120936
134711
147922
31.2
Industrial waste
2955
5131
6265
3640
2927
3858
5243
1.4
Municipal waste renew.
2849
4284
7965
15672
16159
16128
17002
9.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
2727
4134
7518
14470
14942
14950
15845
9.4
11138
15669
20699
50659
56002
62144
72284
9.5
995
2595
6601
19132
19997
25534
29042
18.6
-
-
-
3183
3355
4684
4932
-
Electricity only plants
479528
545153
626839
707553
752217
771755
..
2.5
Hydro
466210
523227
575033
536488
557756
547464
..
0.8
19912
22646
30125
35786
33663
32646
..
2.6
3606
3747
5335
8084
8373
8993
..
4.9
13
46
129
3794
7465
14101
..
44.5
-
-
-
8
16
22
..
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
..
-0.7
Wind
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
778
4078
22316
105400
120936
134711
..
31.2
Industrial waste
2654
4474
4543
1070
827
1539
..
-2.8
Municipal waste renew.
1873
2689
5177
8434
8471
8634
..
8.4
Municipal waste non-renew.
1891
2675
4933
7987
8180
8285
..
8.1
Solid biofuels
1487
2071
3365
18726
21744
23443
..
15.6
445
1578
5435
15180
15821
20612
..
22.4
-
-
-
1863
2115
3454
..
-
CHP plants
12314
18433
26444
54919
57783
62874
..
9.0
Geothermal
-
107
849
1423
1559
1543
..
-
Industrial waste
301
657
1722
2570
2100
2319
..
11.3
Municipal waste renew.
976
1595
2788
7238
7688
7494
..
11.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
836
1459
2585
6483
6762
6665
..
11.5
9651
13598
17334
31933
34258
38701
..
7.6
550
1017
1166
3952
4176
4922
..
12.2
Wind
Biogases Liquid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
1320 1240 1230 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 97
OECD EUROPE 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
184101
242151
381850
412165
434590
475780
..
Geothermal
..
7817
8114
10325
11983
12473
12455
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
158
..
Industrial waste
..
6501
13963
5109
5255
12094
12777
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
46293
52588
80534
86819
89036
96183
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
44270
50851
70846
76438
78743
84681
..
Solid biofuels
..
77095
113850
203059
220998
227284
252944
..
Biogases
..
2119
2761
6699
6422
7026
7533
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
5216
4185
7826
9049
-
CHP plants
..
115529
157886
262817
285933
297707
..
..
Geothermal
..
7103
6967
7800
9500
9500
..
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
2618
6004
4148
4081
8400
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
34033
38970
60267
65584
65855
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
32723
37122
52230
56916
57565
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
37588
67106
131758
143318
146976
..
..
Biogases
..
1464
1717
4285
4833
4861
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
2329
1701
4550
..
-
Heat only plants
..
68572
84265
119033
126232
136883
..
..
Geothermal
..
714
1147
2525
2483
2973
..
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
..
..
Industrial waste
..
3883
7959
961
1174
3694
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
12260
13618
20267
21235
23181
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
11547
13729
18616
19522
21178
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
39507
46744
71301
77680
80308
..
..
Biogases
..
655
1044
2414
1589
2165
..
..
2887 2484 3276 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
16550
19041
26035
24899
17568
15169
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
20133
21748
17851
18373
17692
15577
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
6697
6547
5285
5312
4928
5281
-
Other sources (2)
-
3114
3840
13469
11838
4804
4873
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
98 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
Wind
44274 44274 -43051 -1223 514818 514818 -
11585 11585 -10616 -969 134711 134711 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
43 43 -43 497 497 -
Solar PV
1213 1213 -1184 -29 14101 14101 -
Geothermal
10950 10950 -9 -6880 -1028 -131 -6 -142 2755 29 28 2726 2192 238 51 30 214 10536 8993 1543 12473 9500 2973
Solar thermal
1660 1660 -5 -3 -129 1524 3 1 1 1 1520 1317 121 12 71 22 22 108 108
Industrial waste
3665 3 3667 -403 -109 -443 -269 -110 -26 -4 -1 2302 2286 26 497 34 1549 1 5 118 51 1 4 16 16 3858 1539 2319 12094 8400 3694
Mun. waste renew.
8166 8167 -1489 -1392 -2172 -1676 -572 -281 585 184 3 82 2 8 23 65 401 7 393 16128 8634 7494 89036 65855 23181
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 99
OECD EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
7726 7726 -1556 -1219 -1979 -1539 -537 -254 641 262 3 192 1 8 22 35 379 4 375 14949 8284 6665 78743 57565 21178
Wood/ wood waste
72478 3363 -975 -13 74853 -1 -6467 -1305 -6508 -3532 -2284 -72 -207 -180 54298 18646 10 150 6 1202 4 62 16 1121 10609 4375 100 71 921 35652 33193 780 1672 7 62144 23443 38701 227284 146976 80308
Charcoal
155 -32 123 101 224 19 4 15 204 199 5 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
3013 3013 -695 -1991 -63 -112 -33 -9 -1 -7 102 15 1 14 87 25 61 9321 8645 676 2061 876 1185
1044 1044 -11 -41 -355 -276 -8 -3 -2 -3 -24 323 28 7 6 4 11 13 13 281 34 244 2 2467 175 2292 1581 1224 357
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4408 4408 -3360 -90 -160 -243 -22 -2 -7 524 414 296 1 76 30 1 8 8 8 103 6 14 82 13746 11792 1954 3384 2761 623
1848 720 -281 -19 2267 18 2285 2285 2285 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
7401 2615 -695 -13 9308 -87 9221 21 21 9185 9180 4 16 2 14 -
2100 3 2103 -1 -815 -170 -239 -90 -88 701 304 1 24 3 1 4 3 14 222 1 32 384 384 13 1 1 8 4 4684 3454 1230 7826 4550 3276
Total renew. & waste sources
181574 6859 -1983 -45 186404 -80 -76575 -8538 -12947 -7737 -3788 -642 -106 -13 -324 -174 75485 22211 37 978 46 3029 5 68 22 1254 11028 4427 123 72 1119 11875 11870 4 41398 36978 2250 1839 30 298 801982 739108 62874 434590 297707 136883
Share in total energy sources
17.6% 0.5% 0.3% x 10.7% x x x x x x x x x x x 6.2% 8.1% 0.1% 1.9% 0.4% 8.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.8% 4.4% 32.0% 53.6% 1.5% 1.1% 4.0% 3.5% 3.8% 0.0% 8.1% 11.8% 1.5% 6.2% 1.9% 2.0% 23.2% 26.2% 9.8% 19.0% 17.5% 23.5%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
100 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
198021 198021 137952 1729 58340 2103 56237
222841 222841 154534 2872 65435 2091 63344
303620 303620 223562 3414 76644 2724 73920
424101 424101 -159 327788 5403 90751 1303 89448
432403 432403 -74 331833 5885 94611 1110 93501
458557 458557 -356 336894 5929 115378 1233 114145
475732 475732 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.5 4.5 x 4.8 x 3.7 -2.8 3.8
7214 7214 6 7208 338 6870
16994 16994 -1 6 16987 1629 15358
27943 27943 24 27919 4078 23841
55857 55857 1 136 3 55719 5372 50347
62183 62183 213 3 61967 5398 56569
69513 69513 1 320 5390 63804 136 63668
71738 71738 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.7 12.7 x 23.3 12.2 -4.7 12.4
80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892
120182 120182 58837 2103 59242 57211 2031
132789 -29 132760 81165 229 51366 49239 2127
107643 157 1 107801 46969 192 340 60300 59462 838
97182 278 -101 97359 33602 194 104 63459 63169 290
153461 112 2 153575 56949 179 62 96385 95718 667
158573 158573 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 x 3.5 2.9 -16.3 x 4.5 4.7 -5.3
103116 103116 1 101544 34 1539 19 1520
126476 126476 -1419 120236 49 4772 16 4756
178775 3 178778 -3401 164908 4 10465 717 9748
337628 570 338198 298545 39653 24502 15151
348515 -7 348508 306690 41818 25528 16290
341979 16 341995 -1 317514 24480 7707 16773
354289 354289 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.5 x 6.5 x 6.2 15.7 37.2 13.5
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 101
OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
123210 123210 -1422 117341 49 4398 10 4388
172202 3 172205 -3400 159097 4 9704 542 9162
320265 570 320835 1 282082 38754 24597 14157
330195 -6 330189 1 290769 39421 23890 15531
323528 10 323538 -1 296689 26848 10962 15886
336663 336663 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.6 x 6.6 x 6.2 20.0 44.5 16.8
1949653 6268 8628 1964549 122181 6 1842362 555271 1 1287090
2174361 15447 505 2190313 -38 213286 3 9 1976977 615860 1 1361116
2331535 21266 -413 2352388 -1 281686 136 12 2070553 684804 1385749
2853604 72438 -815 2925227 -1 705846 124 2219256 783686 1435570
2956729 71818 52 3028599 2 766886 5420 2256295 795447 1460848
3035094 100006 -553 3134547 -61 853204 7517 2273765 780815 2 1492948
3255958 100938 -535 3356361 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.4 15.7 x 2.5 x 10.8 45.6 x 1.1 1.8 3.7 0.8
4044 4044 2676 1368 1281 87
15514 15514 14068 1 1445 597 848
59295 59295 54739 64 4492 2733 1759
117768 117768 -104 113315 31 421 3897 918 9 2970
124348 124348 120246 35 271 3796 777 13 3006
126193 126193 -1 121566 48 295 4283 638 16 3629
130694 130694 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
19.9 19.9 x 22.2 x 6.2 -3.6 21.7
11346 11346 5350 5996 5996
16801 16801 1 9704 7098 2 7096
29774 29774 18669 11105 3214 7891
40204 40204 25873 2576 1073 10682 1421 9261
41929 41929 -2 25866 2598 1077 12386 1062 495 10829
43729 43729 1 29099 111 1009 13511 1175 559 11777
45956 45956 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.4 7.4 x 9.3 x 4.4 3.6
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
96289 96289 95415 34 840 10 830
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
102 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
OECD EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
14074 14074 6672 7402 7265 137
18083 18083 -1 11799 24 6259 5944 315
9035 9035 -1 5489 4 3541 3134 407
144767 144767 -1 115478 79 29209 27912 1297
150797 150797 -1 119591 101 31104 28342 310 2452
184607 184607 2 162379 277 21953 17323 328 4302
228693 228693 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.5 14.5 x 18.3 5.9 4.7 19.9
-
38000 38000 38000 38000
92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000
1689084 178951 -41036 1826999 -1999 1825000 1825000
2403172 473554 -5347 2871379 -38379 2833000 2833000
2887706 656939 42355 3514000 -46000 3541000 3541000
3294916 674552 66532 3963000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
165177 6000 -177 171000 171000 171000
447081 11522 -603 458000 458000 458000
4290486 650523 -122009 4819000 7000 4826000 4752000
6304422 1487082 -260261 7531243 80757 7612000 7581000
8297505 2158598 -69592 10443511 -43511 10343000 10301000
8589532 2359120 181348 11186000 .. .. ..
x x -
7153 7153 7153 6547 606
47844 47844 47844 46757 1087
269666 269666 269666 268001 1665
5667019 46919 -189 5713749 2173129 320 3540300 874341 2655284 10675
4354040 112499 -41 4466498 1869413 7 2597078 971193 1611630 14255
3213502 3323 -242 3216583 -635 2106782 1109166 517966 575745 15455
3498821 120635 -1308 3618148 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
37.9 x 37.9 x 30.4 26.6 18.6
46 11 57 57 57
68 13 81 81 81
84 52 136 136 28 108
165 140 305 305 20 285
144 156 300 300 51 249
137 167 304 304 26 278
148 163 311 .. .. .. ..
5.9 15.4 9.2 9.2 8.7
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 103
IEA TOTAL
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
104 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA TOTAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (18.7%)
Other* (0.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (94.9%)
Hydro (39.8%)
Nuclear (10.3%) Renewables (5.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (51.0%)
Coal (24.4%)
Oil (40.6%)
Biogases (1.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.8%)
Other** (9.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
4,357 Mtoe
246.65 Mtoe
125.72 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (24.4%)
Other* (0.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (67.4%)
Hydro (28.6%)
Nuclear (11.5%) Renewables (7.3%)
Liquid biofuels (19.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (58.0%)
Coal (20.6%)
Oil (35.6%)
Biogases (7.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (6.2%)
Other** (13.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
5,172 Mtoe
380.04 Mtoe
220.25 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 105
IEA TOTAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4356.87 246.65
4696.56 273.59
5089.84 289.81
5308.94 335.58
5229.66 351.71
4995.81 360.46
5171.89 380.04
0.7 2.0 1.3
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.3
6.7
7.2
7.3
19589.35
21672.25
25352.02
29613.64
29625.65
28598.59
29420.58
2.0
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.18
-1.3 -1.3
111
108
100
89
88
87
88
961.11
996.65
1028.23
1076.26
1083.13
1089.36
1094.15
0.7
4.53
4.71
4.95
4.93
4.83
4.59
4.73
0.1
7439.8
8307.8
9410.2
10382.2
10387.8
9984.3
10337.9
1.6
1276.46
1395.82
1448.72
1590.12
1667.07
1720.90
1794.73
1.6 0.0
17.2
16.8
15.4
15.3
16.0
17.2
17.4
761.0
852.2
946.3
1028.2
999.5
978.5
..
1.3
0.01
2.87
4.03
21.85
29.99
35.26
..
57.7
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.3 0.4 2.1 3.0 3.6 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
55.7
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1990
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
388034
425349
453818
554565
583114
620357
..
2.5
Hydro
364300
397172
409521
427190
429698
433429
..
0.9
48593
82592
85262
94403
94833
95281
..
3.6
3717
4245
4366
3921
4088
4355
..
0.8
..
..
747
7983
13319
20948
..
..
Solar thermal
339
333
419
479
529
708
..
4.0
Tide, wave, ocean
260
260
261
261
261
261
..
0.0
2383
4205
15394
77890
95775
117595
..
22.8
Industrial waste
..
..
1720
837
1184
1141
..
..
Municipal waste
..
..
6315
9061
9278
9973
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
..
12740
20265
21529
23680
..
..
Biogases
..
..
2335
6062
6636
7202
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
616
817
1065
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
22999
29033
43156
70587
74803
81309
..
6.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
16100
20324
30210
49410
52365
56917
..
6.9
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
Wind
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
106 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA TOTAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
1336200
1476864
1549096
1698443
1770538
1822251
1898223
1.6
Hydro
1185123
1329646
1347024
1298588
1321155
1317095
1332492
0.6
43093
58667
68542
73697
68752
65408
69030
2.2
23190
23839
25752
29324
29721
30781
31934
1.5
18
121
724
7028
11404
19494
28685
44.4
Solar thermal
663
824
526
685
899
842
844
1.3
Tide, wave, ocean
597
601
605
549
546
530
554
-0.6
Wind
3844
7342
28534
149476
187737
222226
258711
23.8
Industrial waste
7665
9399
13532
9077
8757
10002
7779
1.4
Municipal waste renew.
9134
13170
18802
28882
29288
29230
29902
6.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
8979
12977
18303
25551
25958
25944
26688
5.7
93335
72780
82198
117223
120612
123871
135421
1.5
3652
6165
13096
28793
31018
37461
40184
13.0
-
-
-
3267
3443
4775
5029
-
Electricity only plants
1260602
1420084
1479896
1603980
1674745
1721731
..
1.7
Hydro
1185123
1329646
1347024
1298588
1321155
1317095
..
0.6
43093
58667
68542
73697
68752
65408
..
2.2
23133
23782
25710
29272
29669
30727
..
1.5 44.4
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
18
121
724
7028
11404
19494
..
Solar thermal
663
824
526
685
899
842
..
1.3
Tide, wave, ocean
597
601
605
549
546
530
..
-0.6
Wind
3844
7342
28534
149476
187737
222226
..
23.8
Industrial waste
3403
4914
5563
2622
2745
3581
..
0.3
Municipal waste renew.
7622
10829
14815
20387
20379
20438
..
5.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
7642
10806
14562
18106
18262
18285
..
4.7
25568
26458
31698
51729
54162
53941
..
4.0
2989
4761
10135
23661
25664
31107
..
13.1
-
-
-
1877
2123
3465
..
-
CHP plants
75598
56780
69200
94463
95793
100520
..
1.5
Geothermal
57
57
42
52
52
54
..
-0.3
Industrial waste
4262
4485
7969
6455
6012
6421
..
2.2
Municipal waste renew.
1512
2341
3987
8495
8909
8792
..
9.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
1337
2171
3741
7445
7696
7659
..
9.6
67767
46322
50500
65494
66450
69930
..
0.2
663
1404
2961
5132
5354
6354
..
12.6
Solar photovoltaic
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
1390 1320 1310 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 107
IEA TOTAL 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
209780
269676
435444
463877
488066
530118
..
Geothermal
..
396
745
1810
1788
2273
2400
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
158
..
Industrial waste
..
8595
14289
8706
9075
15983
17397
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
51530
63512
93481
101787
104439
111264
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
48800
60500
80347
87408
90020
95760
..
Solid biofuels
..
94841
120456
231560
246052
253478
281071
..
Biogases
..
5612
10150
14262
13517
13939
13020
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
5216
4185
7826
9048
-
CHP plants
..
137598
178670
306463
326562
337745
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
4611
6191
7673
7832
12218
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
38079
47007
68278
74956
74345
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
36580
44969
58316
64006
64028
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
56864
76595
163694
171864
176819
..
..
Biogases
..
1464
3908
6173
6203
5785
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
2329
1701
4550
..
-
Heat only plants
..
72182
91006
128981
137315
150321
..
..
Geothermal
..
396
745
1810
1788
2273
..
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
..
..
Industrial waste
..
3984
8098
1033
1243
3765
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
13451
16505
25203
26831
30094
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
12220
15531
22031
23402
25992
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
37977
43861
67866
74188
76659
..
..
Biogases
..
4148
6242
8089
7314
8154
..
..
2887 2484 3276 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
16550
19041
26035
24899
17568
15169
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
20133
21748
17851
18373
17692
15577
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
6697
6547
5285
5312
4928
5281
-
Other sources (2)
-
3114
3840
13469
11838
4804
4873
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
108 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
107645 107645 -102913 -4732 1251687 1251687 -
Wind
19111 19111 -17889 -1223 222226 222226 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
46 46 -46 530 530 -
Solar PV
1676 1676 -1250 -426 19494 19494 -
Geothermal
21444 21444 -9 -18114 -167 -31 -97 -6 3019 273 151 122 2746 1947 439 144 2 214 30781 30727 54 2273 2273
Solar thermal
3939 3939 -186 -3 -129 3621 4 1 1 1 3618 3382 153 12 71 842 842 108 108
Industrial waste
8632 3 -7 8627 -634 -352 -598 -1021 -112 -26 -4 -1 5879 5847 138 838 52 2737 17 34 1484 52 1 5 490 32 32 10002 3581 6421 15983 12218 3765
Mun. waste renew.
13321 13321 -4646 -2161 -2555 -1863 -572 -465 1059 245 3 82 2 8 23 126 814 7 807 29230 20438 8792 104439 74345 30094
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 109
IEA TOTAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
11936 11936 -4094 -1909 -2280 -1674 -537 -379 1064 310 3 192 1 8 22 83 754 4 750 25943 18284 7659 90020 64028 25992
Wood/ wood waste
139380 3502 -1251 -4 141627 -1 -10850 -4719 -7850 -8306 -2197 -55 -235 -178 107235 56319 10 220 64 1204 3 61 15 3644 39706 10151 99 70 1071 50916 46291 2610 2008 7 123871 53941 69930 253478 176819 76659
Charcoal
155 -32 123 112 235 19 4 15 216 210 5 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
8591 8591 -3309 -2189 -263 -149 -58 -9 -2 -7 2603 2507 4 3 3 1 2497 96 25 70 1 20450 18872 1578 3211 1238 1973
1125 1125 -11 -60 -353 -292 -8 -3 -2 -3 -24 370 28 7 6 4 11 13 13 328 34 291 2 2591 245 2346 1543 1187 356
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4750 4750 -3409 -95 -179 -328 -161 -2 -7 568 426 296 1 80 40 1 8 8 8 134 6 45 82 14420 11990 2430 9185 3360 5825
23631 1232 -301 -210 24352 17 24370 24370 24370 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
9328 2862 -1563 -110 10517 13 10530 21 21 10493 10489 4 16 2 14 -
2188 3 2191 -1 -816 -171 -239 -103 -88 774 377 1 24 3 1 4 3 14 295 1 32 384 384 13 1 1 8 4 4775 3465 1310 7826 4550 3276
Total renew. & waste sources
376743 7757 -3147 -331 381021 19 -168167 -18204 -14317 -13767 -3833 -934 -123 -13 -323 -32 161327 66376 153 1392 122 4221 5 83 21 3810 41725 10204 122 76 4441 35268 35264 4 59683 51907 5205 2269 2 298 1756842 1656322 100520 488066 337745 150321
Share in total energy sources
10.6% 0.3% 0.2% x 7.6% x x x x x x x x x x x 4.7% 9.0% 0.2% 0.9% 0.3% 5.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 5.6% 39.2% 46.4% 0.8% 0.5% 6.8% 3.2% 3.6% 4.8% 7.6% 1.1% 4.3% 0.1% 1.0% 17.6% 18.4% 10.1% 16.2% 14.1% 24.7%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
110 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
872826 872826 813013 3 59810 4837 54973
914362 914362 835856 9 78497 5311 73186
984617 984617 891776 27 92814 10663 82151
866254 866254 732542 3 133709 11611 122098
849515 849515 -1 741585 9 107920 11709 96211
897971 897971 -356 771168 4 126443 11452 114991
938094 938094 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.1 0.1 x -0.3 x 4.0 4.6 4.0
62315 62315 1 2393 59923 338 59585
66329 66329 -1 2973 63355 1629 61726
132800 132800 5593 127207 4078 123129
146427 146427 1 6366 3 140059 5388 134671
156178 156178 8419 3 147756 5407 142349
164929 164929 1 7897 5390 151643 155 151488
165932 165932 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.3 5.3 x 6.5 5.0 -4.0 5.0
181883 181883 -72 113640 5222 62949 60892 2057
293108 293108 -502 184150 2103 106353 103942 2411
362227 -27 362200 -174 151544 229 210253 207250 3003
330399 157 -233 330323 97134 192 340 232657 230785 1872
291750 278 10 292038 -3 90212 194 104 201525 200323 1202
361467 112 -313 361266 -1 114846 179 62 246178 244848 1330
315127 315127 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.7 x 3.7 x 0.1 -16.3 x 7.4 7.6 -2.3
278238 278238 -1420 271543 49 5226 16 5210
378515 3 378518 -3400 319512 4 55602 24567 31035
549120 570 549690 492380 57310 28277 29033
565818 -7 565811 -1 503874 61936 28151 33785
557816 16 557832 -1 513476 44355 10255 34100
569208 569208 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.5 x 5.5 x 5.1 18.7 39.3 17.2
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
200934 200934 1 199202 34 1699 19 1680
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 111
IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
273226 273226 -1421 267055 49 4701 10 4691
368922 3 368925 -3400 311468 4 54053 24392 29661
490965 570 491535 2 439266 52271 27563 24708
507200 -6 507194 1 450463 56732 25951 30781
499834 10 499844 -1 455304 44539 12965 31574
509884 509884 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.1 x 5.1 x 4.7 22.5 45.8 20.3
4984063 5465 8628 4998156 1649396 6 3348754 1346839 1 2001914
5356008 12910 762 5369680 -38 1664214 3 3705425 1558414 1 2147010
5505014 19482 -638 5523858 -1 965857 132 4557868 2526475 2031393
5936509 66465 -741 6002233 -1 1333464 57 4668711 2593354 2075357
5982579 65710 282 6048571 2 1378516 5381 4664676 2541838 2122838
5836688 94264 -155 5930797 -60 1432673 7467 4490597 2358415 2 2132180
6119965 89808 6209773 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.8 16.2 x 0.9 x -0.7 45.5 1.6 3.0 3.7 0.3
35406 35406 34038 1368 1281 87
59646 59646 58200 1 1445 597 848
190415 190415 126403 64 63948 59768 4180
314874 314874 -104 216625 81 421 97643 93995 3648
339845 339845 -1 242613 85 271 96875 93515 3360
359756 359756 -11 250352 98 295 109000 104981 4019
367469 367469 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13.0 13.0 x 11.1 x 25.9 26.1 22.4
13131 13131 6855 6276 6276
19169 19169 1 11466 7704 2 7702
31519 31519 19745 11774 3214 8560
44763 44763 1 27281 2576 1073 13834 1421 12413
45121 45121 -2 27191 2598 1077 14253 1062 495 12696
47107 47107 2 30515 111 1009 15474 1175 559 13740
49582 49582 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.0 7.0 x 8.2 x 4.9 4.2
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
192889 192889 191908 34 947 10 937
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
112 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA TOTAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
16416 16416 8513 7903 7766 137
22935 22935 -1 15838 24 7072 6757 315
21812 21812 -1 16259 4 5548 4319 1229
160940 160940 -1 128728 79 32132 28576 3556
165470 165470 -1 132538 101 32830 28907 310 3613
198892 198892 2 174829 277 23788 17847 328 5613
240233 240233 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.0 14.0 x 17.2 6.0 4.5 21.6
-
4101000 49000 26000 4176000 8000 4184000 4184000
4734500 79000 77500 4891000 365000 5256000 5256000
21996307 1881608 -264916 23612999 -1999 23611000 23611000
31149846 2493900 -470367 33173379 -38379 33135000 33135000
36982899 1426550 -255450 38080999 -45999 38108000 38108000
44345289 1087950 -101239 45259000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
165177 6000 -177 171000 171000 171000
467748 11522 -270 479000 479000 479000
6058376 203014 -125390 6136000 7000 6143000 6069000
8767098 273810 -258666 8782242 80758 8863000 8832000
10290853 1523742 -169604 11701991 59009 11704000 11662000
10019666 2078563 191771 12346000 .. .. ..
x x -
7153 7153 7153 6547 606
47844 47844 47844 46757 1087
269666 269666 269666 268001 1665
5844834 46919 -189 5891564 2198129 320 3693115 1027156 2655284 10675
4519462 112499 -41 4631920 1896921 7 2734992 1109107 1611630 14255
3383247 3323 -242 3386328 -635 2134279 1251414 660214 575745 15455
3713341 120635 -1308 3832668 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
38.3 x 38.3 x 31.2 26.6 18.6
81 11 92 92 92
99 13 112 112 112
109 52 161 161 28 133
182 140 322 322 20 302
160 156 316 316 51 265
153 167 320 320 26 294
163 163 326 .. .. .. ..
3.4 15.4 6.8 6.8 6.3
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 113
IEA AMERICAS
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
114 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA AMERICAS Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (23.2%)
Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (95.7%)
Hydro (37.8%)
Nuclear (8.4%) Renewables (6.1%)
Coal (22.8%)
Oil (39.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (51.1%)
Biogases (1.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.2%)
Other** (11.1%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2,124 Mtoe
129.77 Mtoe
66.34 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (25.8%)
Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (61.8%)
Hydro (31.4%)
Nuclear (9.7%)
Biogases (5.7%)
Renewables (6.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (57.3%)
Coal (21.5%)
Oil (36.1%)
Liquid biofuels (28.3%)
Other** (11.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (4.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2,490 Mtoe
167.08 Mtoe
95.74 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 115
IEA AMERICAS 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2123.56 129.77
2297.98 143.44
2524.78 144.39
2609.01 153.29
2543.58 159.85
2417.04 160.66
2490.32 167.08
0.7 1.1 0.4
6.1
6.2
5.7
5.9
6.3
6.6
6.7
7607.63
8594.01
10623.71
12534.58
12536.66
12203.90
12554.06
2.5
0.28
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.20
-1.8 -1.8
117
113
100
88
85
83
83
277.87
295.89
313.10
334.96
338.16
341.22
344.40
1.1
7.64
7.77
8.06
7.79
7.52
7.08
7.23
-0.4
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
3684.9
4118.4
4631.5
4965.9
4983.9
4768.5
4935.1
1.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
669.93
725.97
697.36
743.99
776.17
803.91
798.64
1.0
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
18.2
17.6
15.1
15.0
15.6
16.9
16.2
-0.4
424.4
470.7
530.0
581.9
562.1
547.4
..
1.3
-
2.65
3.32
15.02
20.28
22.96
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 0.6 2.6 3.6 4.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
168440
181251
183791
208014
218218
231429
..
1.7
Hydro
151741
164810
166288
173229
174195
175772
..
0.8
186
21564
19699
22063
22035
22337
..
28.7
2669
2968
2793
2214
2229
2382
..
-0.6
..
..
183
1000
1186
1709
..
..
339
333
419
465
465
472
..
1.8
20
20
20
20
20
20
..
-
1912
1753
2469
18285
27020
37615
..
17.0
Industrial waste
..
..
638
366
527
522
..
..
Municipal waste
..
..
2641
2254
2250
2262
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
..
7356
8479
8544
8790
..
..
Biogases
..
..
984
1627
1700
1702
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
75
82
183
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
18530
21215
19395
18726
19322
19362
..
0.2
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
12971
14851
13577
13108
13525
13553
..
0.2
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
116 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA AMERICAS 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
695909
761529
739837
782612
814442
839866
832330
1.0
Hydro
585808
673890
638606
646350
656402
662370
635117
0.6
15919
23851
26893
26037
25392
22931
24444
1.9
16012
14941
14621
16798
16873
17046
17148
0.3
3
8
199
1026
1248
1800
1800
40.0
663
824
526
673
879
816
816
1.1
26
33
32
30
33
33
33
1.3
Wind
3066
3255
5914
37627
59402
78799
101026
18.6
Industrial waste
4710
4268
7170
5006
5344
5532
1904
0.9
Municipal waste renew.
5382
7485
8463
9680
9620
9576
9369
3.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
5348
7441
8417
7581
7531
7497
7342
1.8
72374
46052
49951
49518
47825
46255
48057
-2.3
2517
3332
5938
8239
9197
10051
9621
7.6
-
-
-
84
88
91
97
-
Electricity only plants
633905
724332
697872
743234
776303
801984
..
1.2
Hydro
585808
673890
638606
646350
656402
662370
..
0.6
15919
23851
26893
26037
25392
22931
..
1.9
16012
14941
14621
16798
16873
17046
..
0.3
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
3
8
199
1026
1248
1800
..
40.0
663
824
526
673
879
816
..
1.1
26
33
32
30
33
33
..
1.3
3066
3255
5914
37627
59402
78799
..
18.6
749
440
923
1116
1429
1426
..
3.4
4846
6739
7286
8536
8490
8386
..
2.9 1.6
4847
6729
7275
6701
6663
6581
..
15368
14352
17877
17163
16743
16028
..
0.2
2517
3121
4613
7200
8133
8688
..
6.7
-
-
-
14
8
11
..
-
CHP plants
62004
37197
41965
39378
38139
37882
..
-2.6
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3961
3828
6247
3890
3915
4106
..
0.2 4.3
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
536
746
1177
1144
1130
1190
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
501
712
1142
880
868
916
..
3.2
57006
31700
32074
32355
31082
30227
..
-3.3
-
211
1325
1039
1064
1363
..
-
Solid biofuels Biogases
70 80 80 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 117
IEA AMERICAS 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
30553
29132
49532
46519
49554
52803
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
4589
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
4944
8935
7170
7620
7945
7624
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
4340
8330
5342
5678
5903
5707
..
Solid biofuels
..
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
33540
..
Biogases
..
-
2191
1331
1112
1049
1343
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
..
29172
27751
48382
45254
48143
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
4046
8037
6422
6798
7028
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
3857
7847
4940
5235
5409
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
..
..
Biogases
..
-
2191
1331
1112
1049
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
..
1381
1381
1150
1265
1411
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
898
898
748
822
917
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
483
483
402
443
494
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Biogases
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
118 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA AMERICAS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
54992 54992 -52122 -2870 639439 639439 -
Wind
6777 6777 -6777 78799 78799 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
3 3 -3 33 33 -
Solar PV
155 155 -22 -133 1800 1800 -
Geothermal
8167 8167 -7947 219 106 106 113 33 81 17046 17046 -
Solar thermal
1555 1555 -181 1375 1375 1375 816 816 -
Industrial waste
2980 2980 -231 -129 -155 -753 1713 1711 114 536 21 1038 1 2 2 5532 1426 4106 3818 3818 -
Mun. waste renew.
4085 4085 -2893 -347 -383 -85 -40 337 61 61 276 276 9576 8386 1190 7945 7028 917
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 119
IEA AMERICAS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
3190 3190 -2273 -268 -301 -61 -22 265 48 48 217 217 7497 6581 916 5903 5409 494
Wood/ wood waste
57010 118 -414 56714 -3449 -1331 -1432 -3891 46610 32240 60 6 533 26684 4798 160 14370 12294 1735 341 46255 16028 30227 30839 30839 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
5033 5033 -2127 -186 -202 -21 -1 2496 2489 4 1 1 2483 7 7 9301 8440 861 380 380 -
17 17 -17 58 58 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
206 206 -47 -5 -30 -86 38 7 4 4 31 31 692 190 502 669 669 -
21613 514 -20 -190 21916 -1 21916 21916 21916 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1650 269 -867 -98 954 94 1048 1048 1048 -
88 88 -1 -1 -13 73 73 73 91 11 80 -
Total renew. & waste sources
167521 901 -1301 -288 166832 93 -78073 -5287 -2503 -4910 -62 -1 76090 36735 4 174 543 1 558 27799 4799 2858 22964 22964 16391 13702 2349 341 816935 779053 37882 49554 48143 1411
Share in total energy sources
8.1% 0.1% 0.3% x 6.9% x x x x x x x 4.6% 11.8% 0.0% 0.3% 2.3% 0.0% 2.0% 45.8% 38.7% 11.8% 3.6% 4.2% 2.9% 4.7% 1.0% 1.9% 17.1% 17.5% 12.1% 9.0% 8.8% 100.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
120 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
590501 590501 576432 14069 14069
554876 554876 537876 17000 17000
548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093
367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404
339297 339297 329063 10234 4959 5275
341983 341983 332804 9179 4431 4748
352244 352244 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-2.8 -2.8 -2.8 -2.2 -5.6
2387 2387 2387 -
2967 2967 2967 -
65871 65871 5569 60302 60302
61691 61691 6216 55475 55475
65519 65519 8193 57326 57326
65129 65129 7564 57565 57565
65601 65601 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
19.0 19.0 6.3 -
82284 82284 80721 1563 1563 -
132054 132054 125190 6864 6864 -
175354 175354 69406 105948 105293 655
141646 141646 46643 95003 94377 626
107613 107613 52693 54920 54839 81
124772 124772 53054 71718 71633 85
68616 68616 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 2.2 -2.2 22.3 22.3 -
89439 89439 89439 -
138350 138350 138350 -
174721 174721 131946 42775 23850 18925
167556 167556 155412 12144 3775 8369
172817 172817 157992 14825 2623 12202
171061 171061 156952 14109 2548 11561
168134 168134 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 3.5 3.0 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 121
IEA AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
136858 136858 136858 -
173229 173229 130454 42775 23850 18925
130892 130892 121350 9542 2966 6576
135008 135008 123360 11648 2061 9587
133566 133566 122479 11087 2003 9084
130874 130874 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 2.2 1.7 -
2658175 -515 2657660 1412457 1245203 615830 629373
2805734 -2332 2803402 1334085 1469317 760093 709224
2774898 -3127 2771771 573085 2198686 1614229 584457
2638530 -13094 2625436 467162 2158274 1559520 598754
2580948 -11540 2569408 442507 2126901 1503654 623247
2387339 -12380 2374959 423104 1951855 1350083 601772
2496471 -18312 2478159 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-0.6 18.2 -0.6 -6.1 2.4 4.2 -0.2
30674 30674 30674 -
42788 42788 42788 -
124617 124617 65159 59458 57035 2423
179684 179684 85929 50 93705 92966 739
193718 193718 100512 50 93156 92738 418
210756 210756 106172 50 104534 104237 297
219776 219776 .. .. .. .. .. ..
10.7 10.7 6.8 -
276 276 276 -
516 516 516 -
696 696 696 -
696 696 696 -
696 696 696 -
696 696 696 -
696 696 .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.0 5.0 5.0 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
88273 88273 88273 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
122 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA AMERICAS 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137
8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161
8621 8621 7011 1610 309 1301
8176 8176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000
4642000 79000 79000 4800000 365000 5165000 5165000
20200879 1703657 -223536 21681000 21681000 21681000
28557040 2022346 -465386 30114000 30114000 30114000
33828599 772611 -298211 34302999 1 34303000 34303000
40766811 416398 -169209 41014000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
20667 333 21000 21000 21000
1632750 -437509 -241 1195000 1195000 1195000
2260353 -1195938 584 1064999 1 1065000 1065000
1687582 -609674 -99428 978480 95520 1074000 1074000
1036195 -255375 7180 788000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -
169745 169745 27497 142248 142248 -
214520 214520 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 123
IEA ASIA OCEANIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
124 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA ASIA OCEANIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (10.4%)
Other* (0.1%)
Hydro (44.9%)
Nuclear (10.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (96.8%)
Renewables (4.0%)
Biogases (1.1%) Biofuels and renewable waste (38.2%)
Oil (53.0%)
Coal (21.9%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.1%)
Other** (16.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
631 Mtoe
25.49 Mtoe
9.74 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (17.3%)
Biogases (4.7%)
Other* (0.4%)
Hydro (32.6%)
Nuclear (12.9%)
Liquid biofuels (4.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (41.0%) Renewables (3.4%)
Coal (27.4%)
Oil (38.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (81.8%)
Other** (26.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (9.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
886 Mtoe
30.33 Mtoe
12.43 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 125
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
631.45 25.49
748.49 26.66
831.95 28.72
879.17 30.08
869.15 30.46
849.64 30.79
885.56 30.33
1.6 1.0 -0.6
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
4762.61
5250.50
5665.23
6526.41
6487.42
6227.76
6481.48
1.4
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.2
90
97
100
92
91
93
93
0.2
187.02
192.55
197.07
201.70
202.04
202.51
202.25
0.4 1.1
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)
3.38
3.89
4.22
4.36
4.30
4.20
4.38
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
1127.4
1350.2
1586.6
1846.0
1820.4
1797.0
1850.4
2.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
147.74
146.41
153.59
153.05
153.40
156.09
158.80
0.3
TPES/population (toe per capita)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
13.1
10.8
9.7
8.3
8.4
8.7
8.6
-2.1
95.3
118.5
126.0
127.9
124.9
123.7
..
1.4
-
-
-
0.19
0.31
0.46
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.3 0.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
54051
62328
67229
76394
77596
79007
..
2.0
Hydro
53110
60372
63867
67470
67526
67434
..
1.3
18945
24825
27395
30879
30879
30849
..
2.6
of which: pumped storage
531
779
951
983
1125
1168
..
4.2
Solar photovoltaic
2
58
363
2082
2606
3335
..
47.8
Solar thermal
-
-
-
3
3
3
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
3
160
3292
3822
4547
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
7
6
6
..
-
Geothermal
-
491
1333
1539
1538
1538
..
-
389
594
448
622
628
624
..
2.5 16.6
Municipal waste Solid biofuels
19
31
107
396
342
352
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
4000
14513
13808
15628
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
2800
10159
9666
10940
..
-
Biogases
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
126 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
155903
159981
167577
168863
167069
170038
174266
0.5
Hydro
140259
140465
143580
127431
123470
124285
126354
-0.6
7262
12170
11524
11874
9697
9831
11327
1.6
3872
5334
6270
6598
6954
7752
8535
3.7
Solar photovoltaic
2
67
396
2208
2692
3597
4104
48.4
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
9
304
6540
7532
8911
10040
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
90-09
-
-
97
436
489
616
637
-
903
1401
2374
3531
3509
3526
3531
7.4 7.4
904
1402
2368
3501
3485
3497
3501
9823
11065
11619
17131
17045
15899
15932
2.6
140
238
569
1483
1889
1951
1628
14.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
154623
158718
165854
167138
165382
168349
..
0.4
Hydro
140259
140465
143580
127431
123470
124285
..
-0.6
7262
12170
11524
11874
9697
9831
..
1.6
3815
5277
6228
6546
6902
7698
..
3.8
Solar photovoltaic
2
67
396
2208
2692
3597
..
48.4
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
9
304
6540
7532
8911
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
97
436
489
616
..
-
903
1401
2352
3418
3418
3418
..
7.3 7.3
904
1402
2354
3419
3419
3419
..
8713
10035
10456
15845
15736
14585
..
2.7
27
62
87
1291
1720
1816
..
24.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
1280
1263
1723
1725
1687
1689
..
1.5
Geothermal
57
57
42
52
52
54
..
-0.3
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
22
113
91
108
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
-
-
14
82
66
78
..
-
1110
1030
1163
1286
1309
1314
..
0.9
113
176
482
192
169
135
..
0.9
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 127
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
4185
8765
16350
19259
20251
18620
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
101
153
72
69
71
31
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
311
2012
5797
7365
7471
7471
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
208
1341
4179
5309
5386
5386
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
422
1333
1333
..
Biogases
..
3565
5259
6302
6094
5990
4399
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
..
-
-
3362
5220
3849
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
-
-
1589
2574
1462
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
-
-
1146
1855
1054
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
422
1333
..
..
Biogases
..
-
-
627
369
-
-
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
..
4185
8765
12988
14039
16402
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
101
153
72
69
71
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
311
2012
4208
4791
6009
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
208
1341
3033
3454
4332
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Biogases
..
3565
5259
5675
5725
5990
..
..
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
128 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
9843 9843 -9190 -653 114454 114454 -
Wind
766 766 -513 -253 8911 8911 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
309 309 -44 -265 3597 3597 -
Geothermal
5672 5672 -5015 -167 -31 459 151 151 1 308 7 196 104 7752 7698 54 -
Solar thermal
723 723 723 722 690 32 4 4 -
Industrial waste
2007 -8 2000 -114 -2 1884 1870 112 229 18 668 16 8 328 5 485 14 14 616 616 71 71
Mun. waste renew.
1070 1070 -264 -422 -103 -143 138 138 138 3526 3418 108 7471 1462 6009
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 129
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
1021 1021 -264 -422 -74 -103 158 158 158 3497 3419 78 5386 1054 4332
Wood/ wood waste
11164 21 11185 -947 -2086 -895 -28 7229 5580 21 57 1991 2425 1066 19 1649 1539 110 15899 14585 1314 1333 1333 -
Charcoal
11 11 11 11 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
555 555 -488 -15 -20 -25 6 3 3 4 4 1865 1796 69 788 788
67 67 -3 -17 47 47 47 78 12 66 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
146 146 -1 -139 6 5 5 8 8 5202 5202
171 171 171 171 171 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
282 282 6 289 289 289 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
33796 21 -8 33810 6 -16726 -4400 -1140 -166 -246 -17 11121 7609 112 253 75 668 16 1999 2909 1066 5 505 460 460 3051 2247 699 104 160207 158518 1689 20251 3849 16402
Share in total energy sources
7.3% x 4.0% x x x x x x x 2.0% 5.0% 0.4% 0.9% 0.6% 4.2% 0.1% 18.7% 25.3% 70.9% 0.2% 3.7% 0.3% 0.4% 1.7% 2.9% 0.8% 1.6% 8.9% 9.1% 3.3% 9.4% 2.2% 39.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
130 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
127797 127797 117393 10404 4631 5773
185285 185285 169095 16190 5048 11142
206506 206506 189130 17376 5712 11664
209223 209223 190661 18562 6107 12455
215268 215268 -1 196529 18738 6112 12626
237503 237503 218285 19218 6336 12882
255985 255985 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.3 3.3 x 3.3 3.3 1.7 4.3
52714 52714 1 52715 52715
46368 46368 46368 46368
38986 38986 38986 38986
28879 28879 14 28865 16 28849
28476 28476 13 28463 9 28454
30287 30287 13 30274 19 30255
28593 28593 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-2.9 -2.9 x -2.9 -2.9
19510 19510 -72 80 19358 19193 165
40872 40872 -502 123 40247 39867 380
54098 2 54100 -174 987 52939 52718 221
81645 -234 81411 3545 77866 77458 408
87563 111 87674 -3 3934 83737 82906 831
84062 -315 83747 -1 4867 78879 78301 578
88913 88913 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.0 x 8.0 x 24.1 7.7 7.7 6.8
8379 8379 8219 160 160
13435 13435 -1 12980 454 454
25047 25047 1 22686 2362 2362
44062 44062 38549 5513 5513
44563 44563 -1 39269 5293 5293
44797 44797 39031 5766 5766
46806 46806 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.2 9.2 x 8.5 20.8 20.8
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 131
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
13180 13180 1 12878 303 303
23519 23519 21945 1574 1574
39934 39934 1 35960 3975 3975
42074 42074 36411 5663 5663
42760 42760 36156 6604 6604
42367 42367 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.0 9.0 x 8.1 24.2 24.2
394017 972 394989 114917 280072 178502 101570
400405 553 400958 119114 281844 188178 93666
438945 1153 440098 115508 324590 233888 90702
492930 1205 494135 165471 328664 257202 71462
495455 1089 496544 1 176098 320447 250829 69618
467503 877 468380 1 165666 302715 233659 69056
424830 743 425573 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.9 -0.5 0.9 x 1.9 0.4 1.4 -2.0
688 688 688 -
1344 1344 1344 -
6610 6610 6610 -
17868 17868 17757 111 111 -
22219 22219 -1 22218 -
23239 23239 -10 22966 263 106 157
17452 17452 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
20.4 20.4 x 20.3 -
1509 1509 1229 280 280
1937 1937 1331 606 606
1170 1170 475 695 695
3992 3992 1 781 3212 3212
2663 2663 743 1920 1920
2810 2810 1 832 1979 1979
3049 3049 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.3 3.3 x -2.0 10.8 10.8
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
8327 8327 8220 107 107
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
132 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA ASIA OCEANIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2342 2342 1841 501 501 -
4852 4852 4039 813 813 -
6337 6337 5516 821 821 -
6008 6008 5592 416 294 122
6182 6182 5980 202 202 -
6126 6126 5894 232 222 10
4196 4196 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.2 5.2 6.3 -4.0 -4.2 -
-
-
-
106344 -344 106000 106000 106000
189634 2000 366 192000 192000 192000
266594 406 267000 267000 267000
283562 1438 285000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
140140 -3140 137000 137000 137000
210323 677 211000 211000 211000
312766 -766 312000 7000 319000 319000
412639 2361 415000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
35 35 35 35
31 31 31 31
25 25 25 25
17 17 17 17
16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16
15 15 .. .. .. ..
-4.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.0
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 133
IEA EUROPE
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
134 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA EUROPE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (16.1%)
Other* (0.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (93.6%)
Hydro (41.3%)
Nuclear (12.7%) Renewables (5.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (54.3%)
Coal (27.4%)
Oil (37.5%)
Biogases (1.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (5.0%)
Other** (4.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
1,602 Mtoe
91.38 Mtoe
49.64 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (26.2%)
Other* (1.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (70.5%)
Hydro (25.3%)
Nuclear (13.2%)
Biogases (8.6%) Liquid biofuels (13.3%)
Renewables (10.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (61.4%)
Coal (16.1%)
Oil (33.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (7.5%)
Other** (13.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
1,796 Mtoe
182.63 Mtoe
112.09 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 135
IEA EUROPE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1601.86 91.38
1650.08 103.50
1733.11 116.69
1820.76 152.20
1816.93 161.40
1729.13 169.01
1796.01 182.63
0.4 3.3 2.9
5.7
6.3
6.7
8.4
8.9
9.8
10.2
7219.12
7827.75
9063.08
10552.65
10601.57
10166.93
10385.04
1.8
0.22
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
-1.4 -1.4
116
110
100
90
90
89
90
496.22
508.21
518.05
539.60
542.93
545.63
547.50
0.5
3.23
3.25
3.35
3.37
3.35
3.17
3.28
-0.1
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
2627.5
2839.2
3192.1
3570.3
3583.5
3418.8
3552.4
1.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
458.79
523.44
597.77
693.08
737.50
760.90
837.29
2.7 1.3
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
17.5
18.4
18.7
19.4
20.6
22.3
23.6
241.4
263.1
290.3
318.3
312.5
307.5
..
1.3
0.01
0.22
0.71
6.64
9.39
11.84
..
48.9
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.1 3.0 3.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
47.0
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
165543
181770
202798
270157
287300
309921
..
3.4
Hydro
159449
171990
179366
186491
187977
190223
..
0.9
29462
36203
38168
41461
41919
42095
..
1.9
517
498
622
724
734
805
..
2.4
12
62
201
4901
9527
15904
..
46.0
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
11
61
233
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
240
240
241
241
241
241
..
0.0
Wind
471
2449
12765
56313
64933
75433
..
30.6
Industrial waste
420
682
1082
464
651
613
..
2.0
Municipal waste
1142
1662
2341
5268
5490
6173
..
9.3
Solid biofuels
3029
3669
4936
11164
12357
14266
..
8.5
263
518
1244
4039
4594
5148
..
16.9
Solar thermal
Biogases
-
-
-
541
735
882
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
4469
7818
19761
37348
41673
46319
..
13.1
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
3129
5473
13833
26143
29174
32424
..
13.1
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
136 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA EUROPE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
484388
555354
641682
746968
789027
812347
891627
2.8
Hydro
459056
515291
564838
524807
541283
530440
571021
0.8
19912
22646
30125
35786
33663
32646
33259
2.6
3306
3564
4861
5928
5894
5983
6251
3.2
13
46
129
3794
7464
14097
22781
44.5
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
8
16
22
24
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
521
-0.7
778
4078
22316
105309
120803
134516
147645
31.2
Industrial waste
2955
5131
6265
3635
2924
3854
5238
1.4
Municipal waste renew.
2849
4284
7965
15671
16159
16128
17002
9.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
2727
4134
7518
14469
14942
14950
15845
9.4
11138
15663
20628
50574
55742
61717
71432
9.4
995
2595
6589
19071
19932
25459
28935
18.6
-
-
-
3183
3355
4684
4932
-
Electricity only plants
472074
537034
616170
693608
733060
751398
..
2.5
Hydro
459056
515291
564838
524807
541283
530440
..
0.8
19912
22646
30125
35786
33663
32646
..
2.6
3306
3564
4861
5928
5894
5983
..
3.2
13
46
129
3794
7464
14097
..
44.5
-
-
-
8
16
22
..
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
..
-0.7
Wind
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
778
4078
22316
105309
120803
134516
..
31.2
Industrial waste
2654
4474
4543
1070
827
1539
..
-2.8
Municipal waste renew.
1873
2689
5177
8433
8471
8634
..
8.4
Municipal waste non-renew.
1891
2675
4933
7986
8180
8285
..
8.1
Solid biofuels
1487
2071
3365
18721
21683
23328
..
15.6
445
1578
5435
15170
15811
20603
..
22.4
-
-
-
1863
2115
3454
..
-
CHP plants
12314
18320
25512
53360
55967
60949
..
8.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
301
657
1722
2565
2097
2315
..
11.3
Municipal waste renew.
976
1595
2788
7238
7688
7494
..
11.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
836
1459
2585
6483
6762
6665
..
11.5
9651
13592
17263
31853
34059
38389
..
7.5
550
1017
1154
3901
4121
4856
..
12.1
Wind
Biogases Liquid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
1320 1240 1230 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 137
IEA EUROPE 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
175042
231779
369562
398099
418261
458695
..
Geothermal
..
396
745
1810
1788
2273
2400
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
158
..
Industrial waste
..
6501
13949
5109
5255
12094
12777
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
46275
52565
80514
86802
89023
96169
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
44252
50829
70826
76421
78731
84667
..
Solid biofuels
..
75565
110967
199396
217272
221306
246198
..
Biogases
..
2047
2700
6629
6311
6900
7278
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
5216
4185
7826
9048
-
CHP plants
..
108426
150919
254719
276088
285753
..
..
Geothermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Solar thermal
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
Industrial waste
..
2618
6004
4148
4081
8400
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
34033
38970
60267
65584
65855
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
32723
37122
52230
56916
57565
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
37588
67106
131530
143084
144647
..
..
Biogases
..
1464
1717
4215
4722
4736
..
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
2329
1701
4550
..
-
Heat only plants
..
66616
80860
114843
122011
132508
..
..
Geothermal
..
396
745
1810
1788
2273
..
..
Solar thermal
..
6
24
62
65
108
..
..
Industrial waste
..
3883
7945
961
1174
3694
..
..
Municipal waste renew.
..
12242
13595
20247
21218
23168
..
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
..
11529
13707
18596
19505
21166
..
..
Solid biofuels
..
37977
43861
67866
74188
76659
..
..
Biogases
..
583
983
2414
1589
2164
..
..
2887 2484 3276 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
of which:
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
16550
19041
26035
24899
17568
15169
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
20133
21748
17851
18373
17692
15577
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
6697
6547
5285
5312
4928
5281
-
Other sources (2)
-
3114
3840
13469
11838
4804
4873
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
138 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
Wind
42810 42810 -41601 -1209 497794 497794 -
11568 11568 -10599 -969 134516 134516 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
43 43 -43 497 497 -
Solar PV
1212 1212 -1184 -29 14097 14097 -
Geothermal
7605 7605 -9 -5152 -97 -6 2341 16 15 2325 1907 163 40 2 214 5983 5983 2273 2273
Solar thermal
1660 1660 -5 -3 -129 1524 3 1 1 1 1520 1317 121 12 71 22 22 108 108
Industrial waste
3645 3 3648 -403 -109 -443 -269 -110 -26 -4 -1 2282 2267 26 495 34 1533 1 5 118 51 1 4 16 16 3854 1539 2315 12094 8400 3694
Mun. waste renew.
8166 8166 -1488 -1392 -2172 -1676 -572 -281 585 184 3 82 2 8 23 65 401 7 393 16128 8634 7494 89023 65855 23168
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 139
IEA EUROPE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
7725 7726 -1556 -1219 -1979 -1539 -537 -253 641 262 3 192 1 8 22 35 379 4 375 14949 8284 6665 78731 57565 21166
Wood/ wood waste
71206 3363 -837 -4 73729 -1 -6454 -1302 -6418 -3520 -2197 -55 -207 -178 53396 18499 10 139 6 1198 3 61 15 1120 10597 4288 99 70 892 34897 32457 765 1667 7 61717 23328 38389 221306 144647 76659
Charcoal
155 -32 123 101 224 19 4 15 204 199 5 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
3003 3003 -695 -1988 -61 -108 -33 -9 -1 -7 100 15 1 14 85 25 59 9284 8636 648 2043 858 1185
1041 1041 -11 -41 -353 -275 -8 -3 -2 -3 -24 322 28 7 6 4 11 13 13 281 34 244 2 2455 175 2280 1543 1187 356
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4397 4397 -3360 -90 -150 -243 -22 -2 -7 524 414 296 1 76 30 1 8 8 8 103 6 14 82 13720 11792 1928 3314 2691 623
1848 718 -281 -19 2265 18 2283 2283 2283 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
7395 2593 -695 -13 9280 -87 9193 21 21 9157 9152 4 16 2 14 -
2100 3 2103 -1 -815 -170 -239 -90 -88 701 304 1 24 3 1 4 3 14 222 1 32 384 384 13 1 1 8 4 4684 3454 1230 7826 4550 3276
Total renew. & waste sources
175424 6835 -1845 -36 180379 -80 -73366 -8518 -11815 -7720 -3667 -624 -106 -13 -322 -32 74116 22032 37 965 46 3009 4 67 21 1253 11016 4340 122 71 1077 11845 11840 4 40240 35957 2158 1823 2 298 779700 718751 60949 418261 285753 132508
Share in total energy sources
17.2% 0.5% 0.3% x 10.4% x x x x x x x x x x x 6.1% 8.1% 0.1% 1.9% 0.4% 8.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.8% 4.5% 32.2% 53.5% 1.5% 1.1% 3.9% 3.5% 3.9% 0.0% 8.0% 11.6% 1.5% 6.2% 0.2% 2.0% 22.8% 25.8% 9.6% 18.7% 17.1% 23.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
140 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
154528 154528 119188 3 35337 206 35131
174201 174201 128885 9 45307 263 45044
230020 230020 176290 27 53703 309 53394
289101 289101 217314 3 71784 545 71239
294950 294950 215993 9 78948 638 78310
318485 318485 -356 220079 4 98046 685 97361
329865 329865 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.9 3.9 x 3.3 x 5.5 6.5 5.5
7214 7214 6 7208 338 6870
16994 16994 -1 6 16987 1629 15358
27943 27943 24 27919 4078 23841
55857 55857 1 136 3 55719 5372 50347
62183 62183 213 3 61967 5398 56569
69513 69513 1 320 5390 63804 136 63668
71738 71738 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.7 12.7 x 23.3 12.2 -4.7 12.4
80089 80089 32839 5222 42028 40136 1892
120182 120182 58837 2103 59242 57211 2031
132775 -29 132746 81151 229 51366 49239 2127
107108 157 1 107266 46946 192 340 59788 58950 838
96574 278 -101 96751 33585 194 104 62868 62578 290
152633 112 2 152747 56925 179 62 95581 94914 667
157598 157598 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 x 3.5 2.9 -16.3 x 4.4 4.6 -5.3
103116 103116 1 101544 34 1539 19 1520
126453 126453 -1419 120213 49 4772 16 4756
178747 3 178750 -3401 164880 4 10465 717 9748
337502 570 338072 298419 39653 24502 15151
348438 -7 348431 306613 41818 25528 16290
341958 16 341974 -1 317493 24480 7707 16773
354268 354268 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.5 x 6.5 x 6.2 15.7 37.2 13.5
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 141
IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
123188 123188 -1422 117319 49 4398 10 4388
172174 3 172177 -3400 159069 4 9704 542 9162
320139 570 320709 1 281956 38754 24597 14157
330118 -6 330112 1 290692 39421 23890 15531
323508 10 323518 -1 296669 26848 10962 15886
336643 336643 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.6 x 6.6 x 6.2 20.0 44.5 16.8
1931871 5008 8628 1945507 122022 6 1823479 552507 1 1270971
2149869 14689 762 2165320 -38 211015 3 1954264 610143 1 1344120
2291171 21456 -638 2311989 -1 277264 132 2034592 678358 1356234
2805049 78354 -741 2882662 -1 700831 57 2181773 776632 1405141
2906176 76161 282 2982619 1 759911 5381 2217328 787355 1429973
2981846 105767 -155 3087458 -61 843903 7467 2236027 774673 2 1461352
3198664 107377 3306041 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.3 17.4 x 2.5 x 10.7 45.5 1.1 1.8 3.7 0.7
4044 4044 2676 1368 1281 87
15514 15514 14068 1 1445 597 848
59188 59188 54634 64 4490 2733 1757
117322 117322 -104 112939 31 421 3827 918 2909
123908 123908 119883 35 271 3719 777 2942
125761 125761 -1 121214 48 295 4203 638 3565
130241 130241 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
19.8 19.8 x 22.2 x 6.1 -3.6 21.6
11346 11346 5350 5996 5996
16716 16716 1 9619 7098 2 7096
29653 29653 18574 11079 3214 7865
40075 40075 25804 2576 1073 10622 1421 9201
41762 41762 -2 25752 2598 1077 12333 1062 495 10776
43601 43601 1 28987 111 1009 13495 1175 559 11761
45837 45837 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.3 7.3 x 9.3 x 4.4 3.6
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
96289 96289 95415 34 840 10 830
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
142 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IEA EUROPE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
14074 14074 6672 7402 7265 137
18083 18083 -1 11799 24 6259 5944 315
9035 9035 -1 5489 4 3541 3134 407
144656 144656 -1 115367 79 29209 27912 1297
150682 150682 -1 119476 101 31104 28342 310 2452
184145 184145 2 161924 277 21946 17316 328 4302
227861 227861 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.5 14.5 x 18.3 5.9 4.7 19.9
-
38000 38000 38000 38000
92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000
1689084 177951 -41036 1825999 -1999 1824000 1824000
2403172 469554 -5347 2867379 -38379 2829000 2829000
2887706 653939 42355 3511000 -46000 3538000 3538000
3294916 671552 66532 3960000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
165177 6000 -177 171000 171000 171000
447081 11522 -603 458000 458000 458000
4285486 640523 -122009 4804000 7000 4811000 4737000
6296422 1469748 -259927 7506243 80757 7587000 7556000
8290505 2133416 -69410 10411511 -43511 10311000 10269000
8570832 2333938 182230 11143000 .. .. ..
x x -
7153 7153 7153 6547 606
47844 47844 47844 46757 1087
269666 269666 269666 268001 1665
5667019 46919 -189 5713749 2173129 320 3540300 874341 2655284 10675
4354040 112499 -41 4466498 1869413 7 2597078 971193 1611630 14255
3213502 3323 -242 3216583 -635 2106782 1109166 517966 575745 15455
3498821 120635 -1308 3618148 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
37.9 x 37.9 x 30.4 26.6 18.6
46 11 57 57 57
68 13 81 81 81
84 52 136 136 28 108
165 140 305 305 20 285
144 156 300 300 51 249
137 167 304 304 26 278
148 163 311 .. .. .. ..
5.9 15.4 9.2 9.2 8.7
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 143
AUSTRALIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
144 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRALIA Natural Gas (17.1%)
Oil (36.2%)
Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (24.0%)
Renewables (5.9%) Biofuels and renewable waste (74.4%)
Other** (1.6%)
Coal (40.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
86 Mtoe
5.07 Mtoe
3.78 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (20.7%)
Oil (32.0%)
Other* (0.1%)
Biogases (5.2%)
Hydro (16.5%)
Liquid biofuels (5.2%)
Renewables (5.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (74.5%)
Coal (42.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (89.6%)
Other** (9.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
126 Mtoe
6.50 Mtoe
4.85 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 25
TWh
20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 145
AUSTRALIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
86.23 5.07
92.56 5.53
108.11 6.35
124.94 6.86
129.40 7.24
131.07 7.29
125.84 6.50
2.2 1.9 -0.3
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.2
289.29
339.78
410.99
523.06
528.71
535.23
549.03
3.3
0.30
0.27
0.26
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.23
-1.0 -1.0
113
104
100
91
93
93
87
17.17
18.19
19.27
21.24
21.64
22.10
22.17
1.3
5.02
5.09
5.61
5.88
5.98
5.93
5.67
0.9
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
154.3
172.8
209.9
250.8
257.1
260.9
256.2
2.8
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
14.90
16.63
17.60
19.03
17.96
19.07
18.65
1.3
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
9.7
9.6
8.4
7.6
7.0
7.3
7.3
-1.5
18.7
19.9
22.3
24.1
24.5
24.2
..
1.4
-
-
-
0.11
0.16
0.24
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.5 0.7 1.0 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09 1.7
Total capacity
8653 e
8967
9685
11459
11608
11951
..
Hydro
8321
8564
9201
9317
9304
9298
..
0.6
940
940
1490
1490
1490
1490
..
2.5
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
13
29
82
105
184
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
3
3
3
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
2
33
1249
1441
1703
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
332 e
381 e
332
535
537
537
..
2.6
Municipal waste Solid biofuels Biogases
-
7 e
90
273
218
226
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
2743
5753
6098
7659
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
1920
4027
4269
5361
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
146 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRALIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
15630
16988
17956
19266
18108
19138
18717
90-09 1.1
Hydro
14880
16239
16720
14517
12057
12295
12522
-1.0 -11.8
732
354
360
238
148
67
67
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
19
44
123
156
273
273
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
7
58
2611
3093
3806
3806
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
750
670
685
1100
1582
1495
1219
3.7
Biogases
-
53
449
911
1216
1265
893
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
14880
16265
16822
18226
17081
18153
..
1.1
Hydro
14880
16239
16720
14517
12057
12295
..
-1.0
732
354
360
238
148
67
..
-11.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
19
44
123
156
273
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
4
4
4
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
7
58
2611
3093
3806
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
150
622
577
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
821
1149
1198
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
750
723
1134
1040
1027
985
..
1.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
750
670
685
950
960
918
..
1.1
-
53
449
90
67
67
..
-
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels Biogases
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 147
AUSTRALIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
148 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRALIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
1052 1052 -1052 12228 12228 -
Wind
327 327 -327 3806 3806 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
23 23 -23 273 273 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
197 197 197 197 190 7 4 4 -
Industrial waste
92 92 92 92 89 3 -
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 149
AUSTRALIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
5066 5066 -431 -752 3883 2515 21 57 1991 212 233 1368 1361 7 1495 577 918 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
388 388 -368 -20 1265 1198 67 -
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
170 170 170 170 170 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
68 68 68 68 68 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
7383 7383 -2178 -23 -772 4410 2607 110 57 1994 212 233 238 238 1565 1551 14 19071 18086 985 -
Share in total energy sources
2.4% 5.6% x x x 5.7% 9.8% 5.1% 0.6% 53.7% 14.9% 95.3% 0.8% 1.0% 8.4% 15.5% 0.2% 7.3% 7.3% 7.7% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
150 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
3405 3405 3405 3405
3331 3331 3331 3331
3418 3418 3418 3418
6015 6015 14 6001 6001
6576 6576 13 6563 6563
8257 8257 13 8244 8244
9813 9813 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
7767 7767 7767 7767 -
7823 7823 7823 7823 -
7490 7490 7490 7490 -
4236 4236 4236 4236 -
4332 4332 4332 4332 -
3868 3868 3868 3868 -
4003 4003 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 151
AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
197572 e 197572 23310 174262 e 95543 e 78719
203663 203663 36134 167529 105910 61619
219765 219765 51743 168022 107882 60140
212141 212141 49548 162593 105304 57289
181907 181907 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.6 1.6 2.7 1.2 3.5 -1.3
5780 e 5780 e 5780 e -
11643 11643 11643 -
15620 15620 15620 -
16231 16231 16231 -
10557 10557 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
158108 158108 29683 e 128425 e 54325 e 74100
170313 170313 24120 146193 64493 81700
e
e
e e
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
676 676 676 -
-
-
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
152 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRALIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
106344 -344 106000 106000 106000
188634 366 189000 189000 189000
264594 406 265000 265000 265000
281000 281000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
49140 -140 49000 49000 49000
45500 500 46000 46000 46000
77350 -350 77000 77000 77000
82000 82000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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AUSTRIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
154 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (0.6%)
Natural Gas (20.9%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (98.8%)
Renewables (20.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (45.6%)
Coal (16.5%)
Oil (41.7%)
Hydro (54.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (1.0%)
Other** (0.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
25 Mtoe
5.01 Mtoe
2.29 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (24.8%)
Other* (2.2%) Renewables (26.0%)
Biogases (3.8%)
Hydro (34.7%)
Liquid biofuels (10.6%) Biofuels and renewable waste (61.0%) Coal (9.6%)
Oil (37.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (82.6%)
Other** (4.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
33 Mtoe
8.60 Mtoe
5.25 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 60 50
TWh
40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 155
AUSTRIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
24.78 5.01
26.70 5.85
28.57 6.57
33.27 8.03
33.49 8.48
31.66 8.81
33.07 8.60
1.3 3.0 1.7
20.2
21.9
23.0
24.1
25.3
27.8
26.0
149.00
165.04
191.20
222.34
227.19
218.36
222.64
2.0
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.15
-0.7
111
108
100
100
99
97
99
-0.7
Population (millions)
7.68
7.95
8.01
8.30
8.34
8.36
8.39
0.5
TPES/population (toe per capita)
3.23
3.36
3.57
4.01
4.02
3.79
3.94
0.8
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
49.3
55.2
59.9
62.2
64.1
65.6
67.0
1.5
32.64
38.90
43.43
42.92
44.24
46.60
44.50
1.9
66.2
70.5
72.5
69.0
69.0
71.0
66.4
0.4
4.4
5.0
6.0
7.8
7.4
7.3
..
2.7
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.31
0.38
0.48
..
25.9
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.2 0.3 4.0 5.2 6.6 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
22.6
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
11353
11856
12463
15227
16535
16762
..
2.1
Hydro
10947
11304
11612
11807
12262
12512
..
0.7
3556
3900
3901
3929
4379
4445
..
1.2
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
2
1
1
..
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
5
35
49
49
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
54
976
996
1004
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
293
244
..
-
Municipal waste
6
6
12
432
431
449
..
25.5
400
544
780
1699
2024
2024
..
8.9
Biogases
-
-
-
261
453
453
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
15
26
26
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
461
1241
2202
3622
3964
4306
..
12.5
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
323
869
1541
2535
2775
3014
..
12.5
Solid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
156 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
33687
40386
45221
45906
47502
50465
48814
2.1
Hydro
32507
38477
43498
39248
40690
43662
38576
1.6 6.6
998
1410
1662
2559
2788
3369
3811
Geothermal
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
3
24
28
35
43
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
67
2037
2011
1967
2019
-
Industrial waste
38
48
74
271
316
296
300
11.4
Municipal waste renew.
10
15
30
379
331
301
305
19.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
16
24
56
154
156
199
202
14.2
1116
1766
1422
3180
3330
3322
6680
5.9
Biogases
-
54
71
539
601
641
656
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
72
37
40
31
-
Electricity only plants
33040
39227
44065
43565
44964
47987
..
2.0
Hydro
32507
38477
43498
39248
40690
43662
..
1.6
998
1410
1662
2559
2788
3369
..
6.6
Geothermal
-
-
-
2
2
2
..
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
3
24
28
35
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
67
2037
2011
1967
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
46
63
62
62
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
15
366
314
253
..
-
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
-
-
25
131
125
122
..
-
533
723
343
1154
1153
1256
..
4.6
Biogases
-
25
68
495
556
603
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
45
23
25
..
-
CHP plants
647
1159
1156
2341
2538
2478
..
7.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
38
48
28
208
254
234
..
10.0
Municipal waste renew.
10
15
15
13
17
48
..
8.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
16
24
31
23
31
77
..
8.6
583
1043
1079
2026
2177
2066
..
6.9
-
29
3
44
45
38
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
27 14 15 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 157
AUSTRIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
3939
7644
10257
22898
28304
28531
32340
11.0
Geothermal
-
32
416
505
536
535
606
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
749
966
642
719
619
545
618
-1.7 5.7
Solar thermal Industrial waste
679
1065
1056
1245
1422
1933
2191
Municipal waste non-renew.
1107
1739
1723
2465
2763
2980
3378
5.4
Solid biofuels
1404
3645
6420
17126
22320
21829
24743
15.5
Biogases
-
197
-
356
399
440
499
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
482
245
269
305
-
CHP plants
2094
3041
3165
12984
16810
16770
..
11.6
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
749
966
642
718
618
543
..
-1.7
Municipal waste renew.
511
626
606
653
818
1386
..
5.4
Municipal waste non-renew.
834
1022
989
1500
1777
2087
..
4.9
Solid biofuels
-
230
928
9378
13131
12265
..
-
Biogases
-
197
-
253
221
220
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
482
245
269
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
of which:
1845
4603
7092
9914
11494
11761
..
10.2
Geothermal
-
32
416
505
536
535
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
1
1
2
..
-
168
439
450
592
604
547
..
6.4
Heat only plants
Municipal waste renew.
273
717
734
965
986
893
..
6.4
1404
3415
5492
7748
9189
9564
..
10.6
-
-
-
103
178
220
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
158 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
3465 3465 -3357 -108 40293 40293 -
Wind
169 169 -169 1967 1967 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
3 3 -3 35 35 -
Geothermal
34 34 -1 -23 -3 7 7 7 2 2 535 535
Solar thermal
123 123 123 123 81 40 1 -
Industrial waste
412 412 -12 -14 -18 -33 335 334 14 115 179 4 20 1 1 1 1 296 62 234 545 543 2
Mun. waste renew.
172 172 -66 -42 -45 -2 -17 301 253 48 1933 1386 547
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 159
AUSTRIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
144 144 -3 -43 -69 -2 -28 199 122 77 2980 2087 893
Wood/ wood waste
3916 453 -252 4117 -219 -72 -409 -255 -343 -3 2817 1021 33 71 15 7 503 333 25 34 1795 1550 62 183 3322 1256 2066 21829 12265 9564
Charcoal
10 10 1 11 11 7 4 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
5 5 -2 -3 14 14 -
19 19 -11 -1 -1 6 6 6 40 33 7 35 35 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
141 141 -113 -2 -7 -3 -7 10 9 6 3 1 587 556 31 405 185 220
55 27 -16 -3 64 64 64 64 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
117 325 -87 -2 354 1 355 21 21 318 314 4 16 2 14 -
132 132 2 -7 -2 -13 -3 108 106 106 2 2 40 25 15 269 269 -
Total renew. & waste sources
8907 815 -355 -5 9364 3 -3963 -286 -562 -299 -418 -3 -2 3836 1391 14 154 250 15 13 510 353 47 36 488 484 4 1955 1638 116 200 47096 44618 2478 28531 16770 11761
Share in total energy sources
78.1% 2.9% 4.7% x 29.6% x x x x x x x x 14.6% 19.0% 1.3% 19.4% 25.3% 2.8% 2.4% 33.6% 57.3% 8.7% 15.5% 6.1% 6.6% 0.6% 21.0% 26.2% 4.5% 37.7% 71.8% 82.8% 21.2% 41.2% 37.3% 48.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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160 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1037 1037 831 206 206
1334 1334 1097 237 237
1385 1385 1131 254 254
1404 1404 1123 281 281
1546 1546 .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.5 12.5 3.3 3.3
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
151 151 151 151
205 e 205 e 64 e 141 141
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
621 621 621 621
1494 1494 1494 1494
2611 2611 2611 2611
4457 4457 4457 4457
4829 4829 4829 4829
5144 5144 5144 5144
6369 6369 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8
6576 6576 2542 4034 2924 1110
7005 7005 1929 5076 4556 520
7764 7764 1589 6175 5614 561
15474 15474 3127 12347 12199 148
20702 20702 3370 17332 17310 22
17238 17238 3220 14018 13997 21
16123 16123 .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.2 5.2 1.3 6.8 8.6 -18.8
917 917 917 -
1486 1486 1486 -
1714 1714 1714 -
5506 5506 5506 -
5424 5424 5424 -
7219 7219 7219 -
6645 6645 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.5 11.5 11.5 -
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2425 2425 2425 -
2796 2796 2796 -
5413 5413 5413 -
5826 5826 5826 -
6051 6051 6051 -
5694 5694 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.6 7.6 7.6 -
92789 2053 -545 94297 7529 86768 22444 1 64323
105661 928 190 106779 17904 88875 19901 1 68973
118374 -1746 116628 20070 96558 29009 67549
158128 4591 162719 45885 116834 43610 73224
172126 1404 173530 53361 120169 44886 75283
163966 8436 172402 54457 117945 42776 75169
174545 6656 181201 .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.0 7.7 x 3.2 11.0 1.6 3.5 0.8
-
195 195 146 49 49
442 442 442 -
203 203 203 -
200 200 200 -
205 205 205 -
200 200 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
619 619 619 -
468 468 110 358 358 -
903 903 576 327 327 -
918 918 676 242 242 -
793 793 534 259 259 -
775 775 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1497 1497 1497 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
162 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
AUSTRIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
35 35 35 -
365 365 219 146 146 -
5346 5346 4968 378 378 -
6188 6188 5693 495 399 21 75
5912 5912 5512 400 378 2 20
7375 7375 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
10031 26990 -17021 20000 20000 20000
70323 13621 1056 85000 85000 85000
87335 18048 -5383 100000 100000 100000
81236 21000 -236 102000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
191283 138462 -9745 320000 320000 290000
140086 194507 -19593 315000 315000 284000
134186 273563 -1749 406000 406000 364000
88193 329821 -14 418000 .. ..
x -
7153 7153 7153 6547 606
12844 12844 12844 11757 1087
19666 19666 19666 18001 1665
123638 123638 55560 320 67758 64180 3578
138899 138899 28123 7 110769 107380 3389
167235 167235 30905 136330 133674 2656
157706 157706 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
18.0 18.0 16.8 17.2 8.1
7 7 7 7
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
1 11 12 12 12
1 12 13 13 13
1 14 15 15 15
1 11 12 .. .. .. ..
3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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BELGIUM
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
164 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
BELGIUM Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (16.9%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (73.9%)
Nuclear (23.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (94.5%)
Renewables (1.0%)
Hydro (4.8%)
Coal (21.9%)
Oil (37.2%)
Biogases (1.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (24.7%)
Other** (0.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
48 Mtoe
0.48 Mtoe
0.45 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (30.8%)
Other* (1.4%)
Solid biofuels/ Biofuels and charcoal renewable waste (62.5%) (90.7%)
Nuclear (22.0%)
Biogases (5.9%)
Renewables (4.1%)
Coal (3.4%)
Oil (38.3%)
Hydro (1.2%)
Liquid biofuels (20.3%) Renew. mun. waste (11.2%)
Other** (8.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
57 Mtoe
2.32 Mtoe
2.11 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 165
BELGIUM 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
48.28 0.48
53.77 0.53
58.51 0.64
57.03 1.52
58.58 1.82
57.22 2.24
56.80 2.32
0.9 8.4 7.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.7
3.1
3.9
4.1
186.52
201.85
232.37
265.54
268.21
260.83
266.38
1.8
0.26
0.27
0.25
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.21
-0.9 -0.9
103
106
100
85
87
87
85
Population (millions)
9.97
10.14
10.25
10.62
10.71
10.79
10.86
0.4
TPES/population (toe per capita)
4.84
5.30
5.71
5.37
5.47
5.30
5.23
0.5
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
70.3
73.5
82.8
87.5
83.6
89.8
95.1
1.3
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.56
0.67
1.04
3.49
4.42
5.44
6.29
12.8
0.8
0.9
1.3
4.0
5.3
6.1
6.6
11.3
6.5
7.1
7.7
8.1
8.9
8.8
..
1.6
-
-
-
0.09
0.10
0.29
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 1.1 1.1 3.3 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
1605 e
1707 e
1730 e
2406
2616
3467
..
4.1
Hydro
1401
1403
1413
1417
1418
1417
..
0.1
1307
1307
1310
1307
1307
1307
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
20
62
386
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
5
5
14
276
324
608
..
28.7
Industrial waste
120 e
139 e
139
22
24
40
..
-5.6
Municipal waste
52 e
135 e
97
177
185
218
..
7.8
Solid biofuels
26 e
23 e
47
329
442
554
..
17.5
Biogases
1 e
2 e
20 e
68
88
105
..
27.8
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
97
73
139
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
34
36
41
139
176
319
..
12.5
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
24
25
29
97
123
223
..
12.4
of which: pumped storage
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
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166 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
BELGIUM 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change Total electricity1 Hydro
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1627
2281
3051
5821
6829
8181
9055
8.9
897
1230
1699
1683
1757
1757
1672
3.6 4.4
631
892
1239
1294
1347
1429
1356
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
6
42
166
757
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
7
9
16
491
637
996
1271
29.8
Industrial waste
231
441
385
533
405
484
577
4.0
Municipal waste renew.
140
187
306
297
370
463
463
6.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
210
280
383
508
659
829
829
7.5
Solid biofuels
135
121
164
1818
2485
2657
2657
17.0
Biogases
7
13
98
289
333
469
469
24.8
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
196
141
360
360
-
1627
2281
2533
5145
5808
6407
..
7.5
897
1230
1699
1683
1757
1757
..
3.6
631
892
1239
1294
1347
1429
..
4.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
6
42
166
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
7
9
16
491
637
996
..
29.8
Industrial waste
231
441
72
441
322
279
..
1.0
Municipal waste renew.
140
187
290
294
359
317
..
4.4
Municipal waste non-renew.
210
280
367
493
644
641
..
6.0
Solid biofuels
135
121
11
1420
1783
1797
..
14.6
Biogases
7
13
78
167
174
162
..
18.0
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
150
90
292
..
-
CHP plants
-
-
518
676
1021
1774
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
313
92
83
205
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
16
3
11
146
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
16
15
15
188
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
153
398
702
860
..
-
Biogases
-
-
20
122
159
307
..
-
of which: pumped storage
of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage
46 51 68 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 167
BELGIUM 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
411
241
885
297
1075
3485
3596
11.9
Geothermal
43
53
53
61
68
85
85
3.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68
14
97
-
216
579
690
11.9
Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
120 e
70 e
347
13
111
1022
1022
11.9
Municipal waste non-renew.
180 e
104 e
347
65
160
1291
1291
10.9
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
56
271
266
266
-
Biogases
-
-
41
99
221
235
235
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
3
28
7
7
-
CHP plants
-
-
389
236
1007
3400
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
78
-
216
579
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
135
13
111
1022
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
135
65
160
1291
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
56
271
266
..
-
Biogases
-
-
41
99
221
235
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
3
28
7
..
-
411
241
496
61
68
85
..
-8.0
43
53
53
61
68
85
..
3.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
120 e
70 e
212
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
180 e
104 e
212
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
168 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
BELGIUM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
28 28 -28 328 328 -
Wind
86 86 -85 -1 996 996 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
14 14 -1 -14 166 166 -
Geothermal
4 4 -4 85 85
Solar thermal
11 11 11 11 9 2 -
Industrial waste
324 324 -130 -82 111 111 111 484 279 205 579 579 -
Mun. waste renew.
237 237 -137 -100 463 317 146 1022 1022 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 169
BELGIUM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
389 389 -261 -127 829 641 188 1291 1291 -
Wood/ wood waste
803 509 1312 -428 -54 -81 749 510 94 1 7 305 103 239 220 1 17 2657 1797 860 266 266 -
Charcoal
6 6 6 6 6 1 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
43 43 -33 -1 -9 169 134 35 38 38 -
2 2 -1 1 1 1 7 7 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
81 81 -6 -12 -28 34 19 8 9 2 15 3 13 293 28 265 197 197 -
38 2 -1 39 8 47 47 47 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
224 79 -5 -12 287 -49 238 238 238 -
90 90 -1 -56 -6 -1 -7 19 13 10 4 6 1 5 360 292 68 7 7 -
Total renew. & waste sources
2374 596 -6 -12 2953 -42 -1159 -28 -385 -117 -4 1216 653 18 205 1 20 307 103 285 285 278 235 9 35 6752 4978 1774 3485 3400 85
Share in total energy sources
15.5% 0.8% 0.0% x 5.2% x x x x x x 3.1% 7.2% 0.6% 19.1% 0.4% 1.9% 40.8% 57.6% 3.1% 3.2% 2.0% 2.8% 0.2% 4.3% 7.5% 6.5% 13.5% 10.9% 10.7% 54.8%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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170 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
89 89 86 3 -
115 115 106 9 -
133 133 106 27 -
125 125 122 3 -
145 145 136 9 -
170 170 4 170 4 -
174 174 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 3.5 x 3.7 x -
35 35 35 35
39 39 39 39
43 43 43 43
193 193 193 193
245 245 245 245
464 464 464 464
464 464 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6
5499 5499 3314 e 2185 2185 -
9003 9003 5365 e 3638 3638 -
10911 10911 5705 e 5206 5206 -
16326 16326 12533 3793 3613 180
12172 12172 7523 4649 4649 -
13552 13552 8886 4666 4666 -
13552 13552 .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.9 4.9 5.3 4.1 4.1 -
4706 e 4706 e 4706 e -
5418 e 5418 e 5418 e -
5896 5896 5896 -
5635 5635 5635 -
8476 8476 8476 -
9920 9920 9920 -
9920 9920 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.0 4.0 4.0 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 171
BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
7633 7633 7633 -
9783 9783 9783 -
15051 15051 15051 -
16269 16269 16269 -
16269 16269 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.5 4.5 4.5 -
11249 3575 14824 600 14224 7123 7101
13347 4373 17720 766 16954 10593 6361
27168 18170 45338 18354 26984 18108 8876
32134 21517 53651 22930 30721 20875 9846
33611 21320 54931 -1 23575 31355 21356 9999
33611 21320 54931 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.7 7.4 x 21.2 4.6 7.2 1.3
146 146 146 -
173 173 173 -
1002 1002 1002 -
2047 2047 -104 1943 -
1956 1956 1956 -
1789 1789 1789 -
1789 1789 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.1 14.1 x 14.1 -
-
-
61 61 33 28 28
68 68 55 13 13
62 62 27 35 35
87 87 39 48 2 46
87 87 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
7058 e 7058 e 7058 e -
8126 e 8126 e 8126 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
14064 14064 608 e 13456 e 5696 e 7760
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
172 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
BELGIUM 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
123 123 123 123 -
288 288 288 288 -
144 144 45 99 99 -
1289 1289 1146 143 57 86
1572 1572 1253 319 225 94
3372 3372 1 1955 1418 785 633
3372 3372 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
19.0 19.0 x 13.7 10.2 -
-
-
-
-
15969 3450 -419 19000 19000 19000
59484 2000 72516 61000 -60000 74000 74000
59484 2000 72516 61000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
145086 -45949 -137 99000 99000 99000
276851 -179325 474 98000 98000 98000
247023 82000 -70023 316000 3000 262000 262000
247023 82000 -58023 328000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
37937 19811 57748 46940 10808 6749 4059
29789 16984 46773 31623 15150 10479 4671
101768 217 101985 -636 79688 21661 14456 7205
101768 217 101985 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9
9 9 .. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 173
CANADA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
174 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CANADA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Nuclear (9.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.2%)
Hydro (75.9%)
Natural Gas (26.2%)
Renewables (16.1%)
Biogases (0.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (24.1%)
Coal (11.6%)
Oil (36.7%)
Renew. mun. waste (0.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
209 Mtoe
33.61 Mtoe
8.09 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (30.2%)
Nuclear Other* (9.2%) (-0.8%)
Biogases (1.5%)
Hydro (71.7%) Renewables (16.5%)
Liquid biofuels (8.4%) Biofuels and renewable waste (27.1%)
Coal (9.0%)
Oil (35.9%)
Other** (1.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (89.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (0.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
255 Mtoe
42.15 Mtoe
11.41 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 175
CANADA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
208.57 33.61
230.77 38.59
251.45 42.43
272.00 44.21
266.54 44.37
254.12 42.92
255.32 42.15
1.0 1.3 0.2
16.1
16.7
16.9
16.3
16.6
16.9
16.5
543.64
592.05
724.91
863.73
868.21
846.83
872.84
2.4
0.38
0.39
0.35
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.29
-1.3 -1.3
111
112
100
91
89
87
84
27.69
29.30
30.69
32.93
33.33
33.74
33.92
1.0
7.53
7.88
8.19
8.26
8.00
7.53
7.53
-0.0
482.0
560.0
605.6
642.0
640.9
603.1
598.0
1.2
300.69
341.63
366.99
382.17
385.15
375.21
364.39
1.2
62.4
61.0
60.6
59.5
60.1
62.2
60.9
-0.0
33.0
35.8
39.2
44.1
44.1
44.3
..
1.6
-
-
0.13
0.66
0.70
0.79
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
60335
65809
68871
76869
78362
80216
..
1.5
Hydro
59381
64750
67407 e
73458
74407
75094
..
1.2
177 e
186
177
177
177
177
..
-0.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
2
7
26
33
95
..
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
20
20 e
-
20
20
20
..
-
1
22
92 e
1770
2369
3319
..
53.2
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
14
14
14
36
35
35
..
4.9
914 e
991 e
1227 e
1423
1372
1526
..
2.7
Biogases
5 e
10 e
104 e
136
126
127
..
18.6
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
883 e
883 e
846
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
618 e
618 e
592
..
-
Solid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
176 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CANADA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
300843
341791
367158
382340
385321
375379
364555
1.2
Hydro
296848
336034
358620
370805
374407
363960
351608
1.1 -
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
4
16
26
35
102
102
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
33
32
30
33
33
33
1.3
Wind
-
59
264
3024
3706
4573
5824
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
76
99
99
102
107
107
111
1.8
Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
Municipal waste renew.
41
54
54
55
57
57
59
1.7
3829
5465
7365
7528
6206
5777
6018
2.2
23
43
708
770
770
770
800
20.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
300726
341674
367041
382181
385159
375217
..
1.2
Hydro
296848
336034
358620
370805
374407
363960
..
1.1
111
111
111
111
111
111
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
4
16
26
35
102
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
33
32
30
33
33
..
1.3
Wind
-
59
264
3024
3706
4573
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
23
23
27
30
30
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
13
13
15
16
16
..
-
3829
5465
7365
7528
6206
5777
..
2.2
23
43
708
726
726
726
..
19.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
117
117
117
159
162
162
..
1.7
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
76
76
76
75
77
77
..
0.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
41
41
41
40
41
41
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
44
44
44
..
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Tide, wave, ocean
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 177
CANADA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) 1990 Total heat
2014 e
1995 2014 e
2000 2014 e
2007 1855 e
2008 1970 e
Average annual percent change
2009
2010e
90-09
2162
2253
0.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
1309 e
1309 e
1309 e
1174 e
1248 e
1373 e
1431
0.3
770
0.2
-
-
705 e
705 e
705 e
631 e
672 e
739 e
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
50 e
50 e
50 e
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
52
-
-
-
-
751
..
0.9
of which: CHP plants
633 e
633 e
633 e
705 e
705 e
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
411 e
411 e
411 e
426 e
426 e
456 e
..
0.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
222 e
222 e
222 e
229 e
229 e
245 e
..
0.5
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
50 e
50 e
50 e
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1265
1411
..
0.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
898 e
898 e
898 e
748 e
822 e
917 e
..
0.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
Heat only plants
1381 e
1381 e
1381 e
1150 e
483 e
483 e
483 e
402 e
443 e
494 e
..
0.1
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
178 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CANADA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
31291 31291 -28591 -2700 363849 363849 -
Wind
393 393 -393 4573 4573 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
3 3 -3 33 33 -
Solar PV
9 9 -9 102 102 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
109 e 109 109 109 109 e -
Mun. waste renew.
81 81 -20 -21 -40 107 30 77 1373 456 917
e
e e e
e e e e e e
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 179
CANADA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
44 44 -11 -11 -22 57 16 41 739 245 494
Wood/ wood waste
e
e e e
e e e e e e
10484 118 -414 10188 -1326 8862 6860 6860 2002 2002 5777 5777 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
150 150 -128 -11 -1 10 5 4 1 5 5 712 668 44 50 50 -
Sludge gas
e
e e
e
e
e
e e e
17 e 17 -17 e 58 58 e -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
659 134 -20 774 -1 773 773 773 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
17 17 17 17 17 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
43240 269 -434 43076 -1 -28996 -4202 -11 -32 -62 -1 9771 6974 4 110 6860 790 790 2007 2002 5 375268 375106 162 2162 751 1411
Share in total energy sources
11.1% 0.3% 0.2% 17.0% x x x x x x x 5.0% 13.4% 0.1% 36.7% 58.0% 1.4% 1.8% 3.0% 6.3% 0.0% 62.2% 62.9% 2.3% 7.2% 2.6% 100.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
180 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CANADA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
5277 5277 .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 -
3399 3399 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.6 1.6 1.6 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1563 1563 1563 1563 -
e
e
e e
3622 3622 3622 3622 -
e
e
e e
3162 3162 3162 3162 -
e
e
e e
3725 3725 3725 3725 -
e
e
e e
4308 4308 4308 4308 -
e
e
e e
4555 4555 4555 4555 -
e
e
e e
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
2524 e 2524 e 2524 e -
3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -
3231 e 3231 e 3231 e -
3071 e 3071 e 3071 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
3146 3146 3146 e -
3399 e 3399 e 3399 e -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 181
CANADA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1830 1830 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.6 1.6 1.6 -
445328 -18312 427016 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.4 18.2 1.3 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.6
e
6286 6286 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
696 e 696 e 696 e -
696 696 .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.0 5.0 5.0 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1359 e 1359 e 1359 e -
1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -
1740 e 1740 e 1740 e -
1654 e 1654 e 1654 e -
404492 -2332 402160 52464 e 349696 282976 66720
471089 -3127 467962 70704 e 397258 320138 77120
480543 -13094 467449 72265 395184 312704 82480 6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206
1694 1694 1694 e -
1830 e 1830 e 1830 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
336403 -515 335888 36758 e 299130 236650 62480
468702 -11540 457162 59590 397572 313572 84000
439033 -12380 426653 55540 371113 287273 83840
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
-
7091 e 7091 e 7091 e -
276 e 276 e 276 e -
516 e 516 e 516 e -
696 e 696 e 696 e -
e
e e e e e e
6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206
e
e e e e e e
6286 6286 5808 50 428 222 206
e
e e e e e
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
696 e 696 e 696 e -
696 e 696 e 696 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
182 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CANADA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
144000 64000 208000 208000 208000
646345 386654 1 1033000 1033000 1033000
643060 434185 -245 1077000 1077000 1077000
1029607 178153 240 1208000 1208000 1208000
1092000 385793 207 1478000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
1387 -387 1000 1000 1000
11763 237 12000 12000 12000
18726 274 19000 19000 19000
18726 274 19000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
e e e e
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 183
CHILE
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
184 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CHILE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (8.4%)
Renewables (25.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.3%)
Hydro (22.3%)
Biogases (0.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (77.7%)
Coal (18.4%)
Oil (47.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
14 Mtoe
3.44 Mtoe
2.68 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (0.3%)
Natural Gas (14.1%)
Renewables (22.7%)
Coal (13.2%)
Oil (49.7%)
Hydro (26.4%)
Biogases (0.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (73.2%) Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.9%)
Other** (0.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
31 Mtoe
7.10 Mtoe
5.19 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30
TWh
25 20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 185
CHILE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
13.55 3.44
17.89 5.04
24.70 5.85
28.53 6.72
29.29 6.95
28.78 7.23
31.26 7.10
4.0 4.0 -0.1
25.4
28.2
23.7
23.6
23.7
25.1
22.7
40.56
61.52
75.39
101.34
105.05
103.28
108.65
5.0
0.33
0.29
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
-1.0 -1.0
102
89
100
86
85
85
88
13.18
14.40
15.40
16.60
16.76
16.93
17.10
1.3
1.03
1.24
1.60
1.72
1.75
1.70
1.83
2.7
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
18.4
28.0
40.1
58.5
59.7
60.7
62.5
6.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
9.89
20.29
19.46
25.84
27.31
29.65
26.43
5.9
53.8
72.4
48.5
44.2
45.7
48.8
42.3
-0.5
2.6
3.9
5.1
5.6
5.8
6.0
..
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
2680
3617
4468
5340
5425
5521
..
3.9
Hydro
2680
3599
4450
5302
5387
5407
..
3.8
..
..
..
-
-
-
-
..
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
20
20
83
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
18
18
18
18
31
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
11243
19200
19200
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
7870
13440
13440
..
-
of which: pumped storage
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
186 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CHILE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
9891
20293
19457
25835
27314
29649
26430
5.9
Hydro
8928
18414
18516
23130
24193
25296
21789
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
9
38
79
332
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
963
1879
941
2696
3083
4274
4309
8.2
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
8928
18414
18516
23139
24231
25375
..
5.7
Hydro
8928
18414
18516
23130
24193
25296
..
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
9
38
79
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
963
1879
941
2696
3083
4274
..
8.2
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
963
1879
941
2696
3083
4274
..
8.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels Biogases
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 187
CHILE 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
188 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CHILE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
2175 2175 -2133 -43 25296 25296 -
Wind
7 7 -7 79 79 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
-
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 189
CHILE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
5045 5045 -39 -694 4312 1496 1155 341 2816 2816 4274 4274 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
7 7 -7 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
-
Total renew. & waste sources
7234 7234 -2140 -43 -39 -694 -7 4312 1496 1155 341 2816 2816 29649 25375 4274 -
Share in total energy sources
77.8% 25.1% x x x x x 19.3% 18.1% 60.4% 15.2% 45.1% 57.3% 48.8% 45.3% 91.7% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
190 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CHILE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 191
CHILE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
111307 111307 2 3902 25 107382 28096 79286
143520 143520 6 10006 133520 31564 101956
178004 178004 1 13853 164152 47276 116876
198108 198108 1 20647 177462 60765 116697
203525 203525 21569 181956 64679 117277
211248 211248 30672 180576 62633 117943
217242 217242 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.4 3.4 x 11.5 2.8 4.3 2.1
737 737 737 -
1419 1419 1419 -
214 214 214 -
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
49 49 49 -
288 288 288 -
297 297 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
192 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CHILE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 193
CZECH REPUBLIC
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
194 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CZECH REPUBLIC Natural Gas (10.6%)
Oil (17.6%)
Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Other* (-0.1%) Nuclear (6.6%)
Renewables (1.8%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (89.0%) Hydro (11.0%)
Coal (63.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
50 Mtoe
0.91 Mtoe
0.81 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (18.0%)
Other* (-2.6%) Nuclear (17.3%)
Biogases (7.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (87.9%)
Liquid biofuels (9.8%)
Renewables (6.4%)
Hydro (8.8%) Coal (40.4%)
Oil (20.4%)
Other** (3.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (80.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
42 Mtoe
2.72 Mtoe
2.39 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 7 6
TWh
5 4 3 2 1 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 195
CZECH REPUBLIC 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
49.56 0.91
41.47 1.18
40.98 1.34
45.78 2.14
44.63 2.21
41.99 2.43
42.33 2.72
-0.9 5.3 6.2
1.8
2.8
3.3
4.7
5.0
5.8
6.4
55.30
52.69
56.72
77.25
79.15
75.87
77.62
1.7
0.90
0.79
0.72
0.59
0.56
0.55
0.55
-2.5 -2.5
124
109
100
82
78
77
75
10.36
10.33
10.27
10.32
10.43
10.51
10.48
0.1
4.78
4.01
3.99
4.43
4.28
4.00
4.04
-0.9
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
62.3
60.6
72.9
87.8
83.2
81.7
85.3
1.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
1.16
2.41
2.28
3.41
3.73
4.65
5.90
7.6
1.9
4.0
3.1
3.9
4.5
5.7
6.9
6.1
2.3
2.5
3.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
..
5.0
-
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.11
0.20
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 1.6 0.5 1.9 3.3 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
1410 e
1399
2098
2734
2938
3501
..
4.9
Hydro
1410 e
1399
2097
2176
2192
2184
..
2.3
-
491
1145
1147
1147
1147
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
4
54
465
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
1
114
150
193
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
1
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
3
3
3
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
387
468
559
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
50
71
96
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
130
165
212
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
91
116
148
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
196 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CZECH REPUBLIC 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
1449
2695
3036
3852
4093
5216
6504
7.0
Hydro
1449
2274
2313
2523
2376
2982
3381
3.9 3.5
288
272
555
434
352
553
588
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
2
13
89
616
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
125
245
288
336
-
Industrial waste
-
16
201
-
2
2
1
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
2
11
11
11
44
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
3
8
8
7
15
-
Solid biofuels
-
302
382
968
1171
1396
1512
-
Biogases
-
103
135
215
267
441
599
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
1449
2312
2488
3092
3211
4123
..
5.7
Hydro
1449
2274
2313
2523
2376
2982
..
3.9
288
272
555
434
352
553
..
3.5
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
2
13
89
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
125
245
288
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
27
135
372
514
522
..
-
Biogases
-
11
27
70
63
242
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
383
548
760
882
1093
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
16
188
-
2
2
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
2
11
11
11
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
3
8
8
7
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
275
247
596
657
874
..
-
Biogases
-
92
108
145
204
199
..
-
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 197
CZECH REPUBLIC 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
2415
7740
4510
5013
4811
4878
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
928
2473
108
377
165
170
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
832
1557
1505
1441
1470
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
832
1038
1068
943
950
-
Solid biofuels
-
1090
3219
1678
1902
2087
2105
-
Biogases
-
397
384
129
161
175
183
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
1539
7200
2477
2582
2108
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
203
2292
28
52
4
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
832
816
763
419
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
832
544
509
279
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
939
2934
960
1097
1237
..
-
Biogases
-
397
310
129
161
169
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
876
540
2033
2431
2703
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
725
181
80
325
161
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
741
742
1022
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
494
559
664
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
151
285
718
805
850
..
-
Biogases
-
-
74
-
-
6
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
237
292
310
300
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
85
94
95
100
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
152
198
215
200
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
198 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
209 209 -160 -49 2429 2429 -
Wind
25 25 -25 288 288 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
8 8 -8 89 89 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
5 5 5 5 4 1 -
157 157 -1 -5 151 139 5 134 12 12 2 2 165 4 161
Mun. waste renew.
54 54 -12 -1 -33 8 8 8 11 11 1441 419 1022
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 199
CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
36 36 -8 -1 -22 6 6 6 7 7 943 279 664
Wood/ wood waste
1967 38 -205 1801 -126 -98 -95 -26 -2 1453 393 1 2 2 249 127 2 2 7 1060 1039 9 12 1396 522 874 2087 1237 850
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
29 29 -10 -9 -9 1 1 1 96 72 24 50 50 -
34 34 -1 -12 20 1 1 19 19 83 83 25 19 6
Other biogases
Biogasoline
67 67 -32 -3 -16 16 16 16 262 170 92 100 100 -
58 37 -37 1 59 59 59 59 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
137 33 -35 1 136 136 136 136 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
2786 108 -277 2 2620 -329 -90 -122 -133 -28 -62 1855 533 5 135 2 3 249 127 2 2 7 195 195 1127 1043 56 28 4663 3570 1093 4811 2108 2703
Share in total energy sources
8.9% 0.5% 2.9% x 6.2% x x x x x x 7.2% 7.2% 0.3% 13.8% 0.3% 0.6% 42.0% 61.3% 1.0% 1.5% 1.4% 3.1% 3.3% 11.7% 17.4% 1.9% 5.5% 5.7% 5.8% 5.6% 4.0% 2.3% 9.7%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
200 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
152 152 152 152
202 202 202 202
230 230 230 230
362 362 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
5528 5528 5105 423 398 25
5303 5303 256 5047 4604 443
6030 6030 540 5490 5298 192
6559 6559 256 6303 5813 490
5432 5432 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501
2406 2406 1859 547 16 531
2404 2404 1943 461 461
2246 2246 1894 352 352
2631 2631 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
1162 e 1162 e 1162 -
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
-
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 201
CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
1852 -1 1851 1350 501 501
1603 1603 1239 364 10 354
1783 1783 1396 387 387
1498 1498 1263 235 235
1754 1754 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
43810 43810 7974 35836 5346 30490
81548 -6943 74605 9598 65007 16904 48103
82092 -8673 73419 12022 61397 16446 44951
82386 -6984 75402 14557 60845 16447 44398
86400 -5855 80545 .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.8 4.3 3.1 1.4
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
33854 33854 33854 33854
40001 40001 3506 36495 12503 e 23992
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
-
-
1297 1297 1265 32 32
1229 1229 1194 35 35
1224 1224 1184 40 40
1200 1200 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
1417 1417 1417 -
1509 1509 1427 82 19 63
1303 1303 462 841 38 803
1412 1412 523 889 40 849
1409 1409 568 841 36 805
1500 1500 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
202 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
589 589 381 208 208
1129 1129 804 325 7 318
2807 2807 2122 685 685
4500 4500 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
26509 -17027 -9482 -
60236 -3591 -2645 54000 54000 54000
89625 -209 1584 91000 91000 91000
94523 -1902 -2621 90000 .. ..
x -
-
11800 6000 200 18000 18000 18000
67200 3128 -328 70000 70000 70000
81806 -45233 -2573 34000 34000 34000
75173 13069 -3242 85000 85000 85000
154923 -2045 1122 154000 154000 154000
197988 -1525 -463 196000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 203
DENMARK
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
204 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
DENMARK Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (10.5%)
Oil (44.0%)
Other* (4.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (94.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (73.6%) Biogases (1.8%)
Renewables (6.2%)
Hydro (0.2%)
Coal (35.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (24.6%)
Other** (5.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
17 Mtoe
1.08 Mtoe
1.02 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (22.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (81.0%)
Other* (1.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (78.0%)
Biogases (3.5%)
Renewables (18.8%)
Liquid biofuels (0.5%)
Coal (19.5%)
Oil (38.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (18.0%)
Other** (18.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
20 Mtoe
3.70 Mtoe
3.00 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 14 12
TWh
10 8 6 4 2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 205
DENMARK 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
17.36 1.08
19.39 1.32
18.63 1.82
19.76 3.22
19.22 3.23
18.61 3.24
19.68 3.70
0.4 6.0 5.6
6.2
6.8
9.8
16.3
16.8
17.4
18.8
123.89
139.06
160.08
178.96
176.95
167.73
171.23
1.6
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
-1.2 -1.2
120
120
100
95
93
95
99
Population (millions)
5.14
5.23
5.34
5.46
5.49
5.52
5.53
0.4
TPES/population (toe per capita)
3.38
3.71
3.49
3.62
3.50
3.37
3.56
-0.0
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
26.0
36.8
36.1
39.3
36.6
36.4
38.6
1.8
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.83
1.89
5.62
10.37
10.18
10.05
12.23
14.0
3.2
5.1
15.6
26.4
27.8
27.6
31.7
12.0
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.4
4.3
4.0
..
1.4
-
-
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.2 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
413
909
2760
3761
4120
4575
..
13.5
10
10
10
9
9
9
..
-0.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
3
3
5
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
343
616
2392
3124
3166
3482
..
13.0
Total capacity Hydro of which: pumped storage
Wind Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
150
230
233
303
313
..
-
Solid biofuels
40
110
86
333
558
690
..
16.2
Biogases
20
23
41
59
81
76
..
7.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
57
144
246
357
383
535
..
12.5
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
40
101
172
250
268
375
..
12.5
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
206 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
DENMARK 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change Total electricity1 Hydro
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
848
2120
6128
11100
10959
10767
12927
14.3
28
30
30
28
26
19
21
-2.0 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
610
1177
4241
7171
6928
6721
7809
13.5
of which: pumped storage
Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
361
727
1039
1117
1020
990
18.3
20
234
509
728
783
715
695
20.7
108
208
411
1828
1804
1963
3068
16.5
40
110
209
304
298
325
340
11.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
638
1219
4275
7203
6958
6745
..
13.2
28
30
30
28
26
19
..
-2.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
2
3
4
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
610
1177
4241
7171
6928
6721
..
13.5
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
4
3
2
1
1
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
210
901
1853
3897
4001
4022
..
16.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
361
727
1039
1117
1020
..
18.3
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage
Wind
Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
20
234
509
728
783
715
..
20.7
108
200
411
1828
1804
1963
..
16.5
40
106
206
302
297
324
..
11.6
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 207
DENMARK 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
19520
25273
31100
47870
50008
51944
54562
5.3
Geothermal
48
47
58
287
250
241
213
8.9
Solar thermal
6
6
24
60
63
105
155
16.3
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9142
11304
14907
15424
14766
14618
3.2
Municipal waste renew.
8112 e
Municipal waste non-renew.
3852 e
5919
7922
10445
10807
10346
10243
5.3
Solid biofuels
7373
9693
10889
21104
22424
25380
28193
6.7
129
466
903
1067
1040
1106
1140
12.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
884
8659
16998
32298
32638
34754
..
21.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13269
..
21.8
Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
Municipal waste renew.
311 e
3986
7713
12970
13214
Municipal waste non-renew.
149 e
2581
5405
9088
9259
9297
..
24.3
Solid biofuels
319
1754
3189
9388
9350
11274
..
20.6
Biogases
105
338
691
852
815
914
..
12.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18636
16614
14102
15572
17370
17190
..
-0.4
48
47
58
287
250
241
..
8.9
6
6
24
60
63
105
..
16.3
Liquid biofuels Heat only plants Geothermal Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5156
3591
1937
2210
1497
..
-8.3 -6.4
Municipal waste renew.
7801 e
Municipal waste non-renew.
3703 e
3338
2517
1357
1548
1049
..
Solid biofuels
7054
7939
7700
11716
13074
14106
..
3.7
24
128
212
215
225
192
..
11.6
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
2700
3624
3218
2708
2567
2593
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
135
78
89
64
57
57
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
58
76
86
61
54
54
-
Other sources (2)
-
2623
3622
3215
2705
2564
2590
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
208 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
DENMARK 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
2 2 -2 19 19 -
Wind
578 578 -578 6721 6721 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
4 4 -
Geothermal
12 12 -12 241 241
Solar thermal
14 14 -3 12 12 10 2 105 105
Industrial waste
-
Mun. waste renew.
542 542 -152 -323 -7 -40 20 13 9 2 1 1 7 7 1020 1020 14766 13269 1497
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 209
DENMARK 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
380 380 -106 -226 -5 -28 14 9 6 1 1 5 5 715 715 10346 9297 1049
Wood/ wood waste
1428 556 1984 -548 -23 -339 -11 1063 123 1 5 2 1 70 45 940 867 25 48 1963 1963 25380 11274 14106
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
6 6 -1 -4 19 1 18 89 57 32
20 20 -10 -2 7 7 7 38 38 124 44 80
Other biogases
Biogasoline
73 73 -43 -15 -2 12 4 4 8 8 268 268 893 813 80
5 5 5 5 5 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
77 2 -75 4 -1 4 4 4 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
Total renew. & waste sources
3133 563 -75 3621 -1 -580 -850 -601 -368 -81 1138 149 16 5 5 6 70 47 9 9 980 878 46 56 10767 6745 4022 51944 34754 17190
Share in total energy sources
13.1% 3.9% 0.4% 19.5% x x x x x x 8.0% 6.4% 3.4% 1.8% 7.0% 1.0% 62.5% 22.7% 0.2% 0.2% 13.5% 19.9% 2.3% 7.9% 29.6% 99.2% 13.6% 39.8% 34.5% 57.6%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
210 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
116 e 116 e 116 e -
575 575 575 -
499 499 499 -
483 483 483 -
426 426 .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.9 8.9 8.9 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)
96 e 96 e 96 e -
Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
94 e 94 e 94 e -
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1)
100 100 6 94 94
213 213 -1 6 206 206
335 335 24 311 311
479 479 1 60 420 420
515 515 63 452 452
586 586 3 105 484 484
710 710 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.8 9.8 x 16.3 9.0 9.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
10508 10508 1 9870 639 19 620
13904 13904 13114 790 16 774
17870 17870 -1 16945 924 93 831
23375 23375 -1 22133 1241 659 582
23991 23991 22986 1005 594 411
22706 22706 -1 21849 856 563 293
22592 22592 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.1 4.1 x 4.3 1.6 19.5 -3.9
Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 211
DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
9002 9002 -2 8489 511 10 501
12521 12521 11873 648 65 583
16378 16378 15508 870 462 408
16810 16810 1 16106 705 417 288
15910 15910 -1 15310 599 394 205
15830 15830 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.3 6.3 x 6.4 3.6 21.3 -1.9
31472 31472 -1 9033 22438 4715 17723
34913 233 35146 12 12024 23134 4229 18905
37324 2466 39790 -1 14583 25206 4450 20756
62312 18001 80313 -1 33971 46341 4906 41435
59115 21750 80865 1 34365 46501 6062 40439
59808 23269 83077 38556 44521 5153 39368
68213 29669 97882 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.4 5.2 x 7.9 3.7 0.5 4.3
28 28 28 -
414 414 360 54 32 22
613 613 526 37 50 21 29
301 301 -1 254 46 46
270 270 228 42 42
260 260 -1 244 15 15
289 289 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.4 12.4 x 12.1 -
458 458 258 200 200
598 598 1 454 145 145
857 857 568 289 289
865 865 534 331 331
844 844 -1 509 334 334
838 838 1 525 314 314
896 896 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.2 3.2 x 3.8 2.4 2.4
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
4991 4991 4687 304 10 294
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
212 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
DENMARK 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
266 266 242 24 24 -
746 746 -1 642 5 98 94 4
1442 1442 -1 1349 4 88 12 76
2748 2748 -1 2315 432 145 287
2815 2815 -1 2374 440 167 273
3072 3072 1 2552 521 173 348
3261 3261 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13.7 13.7 x 13.2 17.6 11.0 -
-
-
-
9448 -448 9000 9000 9000
7877 123 8000 8000 8000
7642 358 8000 8000 8000
12628 372 13000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
70000 -70000 -
97895 -97620 -275 -
86028 -81316 288 5000 -1000 4000 4000
86028 -81316 288 5000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
127 127 127 127
1109 1109 1109 1109
1109 1109 1109 1109
1109 1109 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 213
ESTONIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
214 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ESTONIA Natural Gas (12.3%)
Oil (29.9%)
Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Biofuels and renewable waste (100.0%)
Other* (-2.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Renewables (1.9%)
Coal (58.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
10 Mtoe
0.19 Mtoe
0.19 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (10.3%)
Oil (8.8%)
Other* (-3.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (96.7%)
Biogases (0.4%)
Renewables (14.4%)
Hydro (0.3%)
Coal (70.2%)
Other** (3.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
5 Mtoe
0.79 Mtoe
0.76 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 1.2 1
TWh
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 215
ESTONIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
9.91 0.19
5.04 0.34
4.71 0.51
5.62 0.60
5.44 0.65
4.75 0.72
5.47 0.79
-3.8 7.3 11.5
1.9
6.7
10.9
10.7
11.9
15.1
14.4
GDP (billion 2000 US dollars)
5.85
4.11
5.68
9.84
9.34
8.04
8.29
1.7
TPES/GDP(2)
1.69
1.23
0.83
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.66
-5.4
Renewables/TPES(%)
204
148
100
69
70
71
80
-5.4
Population (millions)
1.59
1.45
1.37
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
-0.9
TPES/population (toe per capita)
6.24
3.48
3.44
4.19
4.06
3.54
4.09
-2.9
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
17.4
8.8
8.5
12.2
10.6
8.8
13.0
-3.5
-
0.01
0.02
0.15
0.20
0.54
1.05
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
-
0.1
0.2
1.2
1.9
6.2
8.1
-
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.7
..
-0.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
Total capacity
-
Hydro
-
2010e
90-09
1
2
67
94
148
..
-
1
2
5
5
7
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
50
77
104
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
10
10
35
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
2
2
2
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
216 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ESTONIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
-
8
18
145
197
541
1047
-
Hydro
-
2
5
21
28
32
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
91
133
195
277
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
6
13
20
27
307
733
-
Biogases
-
-
-
13
9
7
10
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
-
2
5
116
165
335
..
-
Hydro
-
2
5
21
28
32
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
91
133
195
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
3
4
108
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
6
13
29
32
206
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
6
13
17
23
199
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
12
9
7
..
-
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 217
ESTONIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
1502
2681
3324
3318
5320
6069
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
1430
2620
3315
3290
5301
6008
-
Biogases
-
72
61
9
28
19
61
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
74
34
1855
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
65
6
1837
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
9
28
18
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
1502
2681
3250
3284
3465
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
1430
2620
3250
3284
3464
..
-
Biogases
-
72
61
-
-
1
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
218 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ESTONIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
3 3 -3 32 32 -
Wind
17 17 -17 195 195 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
-
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 219
ESTONIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
842 -138 -10 695 -12 -3 -66 -81 -16 -1 516 86 1 1 5 59 1 18 430 411 14 5 307 108 199 5301 1837 3464
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
2 2 -2 7 7 18 18 -
1 1
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
-
Total renew. & waste sources
864 -138 -10 717 -32 -3 -68 -81 -16 -1 516 86 1 1 5 59 1 18 430 411 14 5 541 335 206 5320 1855 3465
Share in total energy sources
20.8% 17.5% x 15.1% x x x x x x 18.6% 16.0% 2.8% 1.6% 9.7% 65.4% 2.6% 42.4% 29.0% 42.4% 3.3% 5.4% 6.2% 4.2% 26.3% 21.5% 18.9% 23.2%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
220 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ESTONIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 221
ESTONIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
7865 7865 7865 264 7601
14700 -478 -236 13986 2165 9 11812 3161 8651
21343 -190 225 21378 3574 4 12 17788 3318 14470
30600 -5916 -74 24610 4037 67 20506 3650 16856
30927 -4343 -230 26354 4058 39 22257 4955 17302
35277 -5761 -398 29118 7446 50 21622 3599 18023
38669 -6439 -535 31695 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.2 x 7.1 x 5.5 14.7 4.6
-
-
-
118 118 118 -
82 82 82 -
65 65 65 -
111 111 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
85 85 85 -
76 76 76 -
58 58 9 49 49
37 37 37 37
2 2 2 -
2 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
222 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ESTONIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 223
FINLAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
224 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FINLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Nuclear Other* (17.6%) (7.5%) Natural Gas (7.7%)
Renewables (19.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.8%)
Hydro (17.0%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (83.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (0.2%)
Coal (14.4%)
Oil (33.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
28 Mtoe
5.49 Mtoe
4.56 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (9.3%)
Nuclear (16.7%) Renewables (24.9%)
Biogases (0.5%)
Hydro (12.5%)
Liquid biofuels (2.3%) Biofuels and renewable waste (87.2%)
Natural Gas (10.7%)
Coal (12.7%)
Oil (25.7%)
Other** (0.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (1.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (95.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
36 Mtoe
8.88 Mtoe
7.75 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 30 25
TWh
20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 225
FINLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
28.38 5.49
28.92 6.13
32.25 7.72
36.78 8.64
35.28 9.07
33.17 7.89
35.61 8.88
0.8 1.9 1.1
19.3
21.2
23.9
23.5
25.7
23.8
24.9
99.30
96.25
121.72
152.37
153.78
141.16
145.57
1.9
0.29
0.30
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.24
-1.0
108
113
100
91
87
89
92
-1.0
Population (millions)
4.99
5.11
5.18
5.29
5.31
5.34
5.36
0.4
TPES/population (toe per capita)
5.69
5.66
6.23
6.95
6.64
6.21
6.65
0.5
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
54.4
64.0
70.0
81.2
77.4
72.1
80.4
1.5
16.02
19.55
23.27
24.30
27.82
21.69
23.95
1.6
29.5
30.5
33.3
29.9
35.9
30.1
29.8
0.1
3.6
3.5
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.9
..
0.4
-
-
-
0.00
0.07
0.13
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 1.9 3.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
3604
3930 e
4423
4974
5008
5080
..
1.8
Hydro
2621
2777
2882
3102
3102
3120
..
0.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
3
5
6
6
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
6
38
110
143
147
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1500
1757
1757
1807
..
3.3 -
of which: pumped storage
983
Solid biofuels
1146 e
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
6
7
10
21
25
29
..
8.6
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
4
5
7
15
18
20
..
8.8
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
226 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FINLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
16015
19545
23621
24471
27990
21914
24162
1.7
Hydro
10859
12925
14660
14177
17112
12686
12882
0.8 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
2
4
4
5
6
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
11
78
188
261
277
291
-
Industrial waste
-
-
324
47
39
33
35
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
35
287
294
290
290
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
24
121
136
190
180
-
5156
6608
8476
9618
10057
8402
10448
2.6
Biogases
-
-
22
29
87
31
30
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
11348
13058
15205
15533
19115
13960
..
1.1
Hydro
10859
12925
14660
14177
17112
12686
..
0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
2
4
4
5
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
11
78
188
261
277
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
50
-
-
3
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
1
82
93
65
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
1
44
57
54
..
-
489
121
413
1037
1588
870
..
3.1
Biogases
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
4667
6487
8416
8938
8875
7954
..
2.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
274
47
39
30
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
34
205
201
225
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
23
77
79
136
..
-
4667
6487
8063
8581
8469
7532
..
2.6
-
-
22
28
87
31
..
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
Solid biofuels Biogases
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 227
FINLAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) 1990 Total heat
5025 e
Average annual percent change
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
6593
22554
53649
57846
54252
60941
13.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
5755
640
944
1008
1010
-
Municipal waste renew.
423 e
285 e
583 e
1910
2213
2246
2250
9.2
Municipal waste non-renew.
282 e
190 e
320 e
790
1022
1649
1630
9.7
Solid biofuels
4320 e
6118
15731
49495
52998
48516
55221
13.6
Biogases
-
-
165
814
669
833
830
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2836
14390
44388
46804
43070
..
20.4 -
of which: CHP plants
1275 e
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
1423
523
861
485
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
233 e
1662
1965
1779
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
86 e
627
858
1187
..
-
Solid biofuels
1275 e
2836
12628
41540
42656
39567
..
19.8
Biogases
-
-
20
36
464
52
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3757
8164
9261
11042
11182
..
5.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
4332
117
83
523
..
-
423 e
285 e
248
248
467
..
0.5
Heat only plants
Municipal waste renew.
3750 e
163
164
462
..
2.6
3282
3103
7955
10342
8949
..
5.8
-
145
778
205
781
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
282 e 3045 e -
Biogases
190 e
350 e 234 e
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
1
9372
8756
2308
2370
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
5
179
712
660
715
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
4
68
277
248
270
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
9261
8321
1896
1925
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
228 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FINLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
1091 1091 -1091 12686 12686 -
Wind
24 24 -24 277 277 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
5 5 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
1 1 1 1 1 -
44 44 -1 -8 -10 -2 -15 7 6 2 1 3 1 1 33 3 30 1008 485 523
Mun. waste renew.
134 134 -14 -1 -64 -15 -7 -9 25 25 3 18 5 290 65 225 2246 1779 467
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 229
FINLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
99 99 -12 -1 -40 -12 -7 -9 20 20 3 16 1 190 54 136 1649 1187 462
Wood/ wood waste
6472 20 -55 6437 -144 -43 -1020 -897 -221 -27 4085 2661 5 2 2426 81 146 1424 1221 74 129 8402 870 7532 48516 39567 8949
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
26 26 -5 -19 2 2 1 1 31 31 782 52 730
15 15 -1 14 12 11 2 2 51 51
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
77 77 77 77 77 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
192 -105 87 -30 57 57 57 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
8098 97 -160 8035 -30 -1285 -46 -1137 -934 -257 -60 4288 2726 7 6 2 2 2463 81 164 134 134 1428 1222 75 129 2 21914 13960 7954 54252 43070 11182
Share in total energy sources
48.9% 0.4% 2.2% 24.2% x x x x x x x 17.6% 28.3% 0.7% 2.8% 0.7% 0.4% 46.2% 17.1% 39.3% 3.1% 3.5% 15.8% 22.8% 4.1% 16.0% 0.2% 30.4% 30.2% 30.8% 29.5% 31.4% 24.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
230 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
16 16 16 16
17 17 17 17
16 16 16 16
26 26 26 26
32 32 32 32
35 35 35 35
40 40 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2
-
-
8660 8660 7868 792 739 53
1956 1956 1317 639 573 66
2005 2005 1393 612 537 75
1846 1846 1540 306 248 58
1880 1880 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
470 e 470 e 470 e -
292 e 292 e 292 e -
1137 1137 804 333 333 -
5002 5002 4049 953 953 -
5918 5918 4557 1361 1361 -
5604 5604 4550 1054 1054 -
5610 5610 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13.9 13.9 12.7 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
e
e e
e e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 231
FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2179 2179 1750 429 429 -
2868 2868 2206 662 662 -
4158 4158 3334 824 824 -
4150 4150 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.6 14.6 13.2 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
314 e 314 e 314 e -
195 e 195 e 195 e -
758 758 536 222 222 -
e
e e
e e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
180437 9847 190284 42843 147441 102741 44700
209171 519 209690 44581 165109 120409 44700
268404 268404 63138 205266 159966 45300
306244 -3140 303104 109531 193573 137643 55930
310346 -3660 306686 115599 191087 136357 54730
271017 -1457 269560 98496 171064 111424 59640
312583 -2924 309659 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 x 1.8 4.5 0.8 0.4 1.5
-
-
288 288 204 84 84 -
1317 1317 995 322 322 -
1308 1308 1127 181 181 -
1088 1088 1021 67 67 -
1090 1090 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
463 463 89 374 274 100
430 430 49 381 281 100
576 576 35 541 441 100
644 644 62 582 482 100
650 650 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
232 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FINLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
2447 -447 2000 2000 2000
100435 -435 100000 100000 100000
116813 187 117000 117000 117000
115000 115000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
125 -125 -
83000 -84000 -323 -1323 11323 10000 10000
219000 -120000 -499 98501 -33501 65000 65000
285000 -171000 114000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
14 14 14 14
20 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 233
FRANCE
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
234 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FRANCE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear (36.6%)
Other* (-1.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (93.8%)
Hydro (30.4%)
Natural Gas (11.6%)
Renewables (6.8%)
Biogases (0.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (68.4%) Coal (9.0%)
Oil (37.5%)
Renew. mun. waste (5.5%)
Other** (1.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
224 Mtoe
15.22 Mtoe
10.41 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Nuclear (42.3%)
Other* (-0.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (72.4%)
Hydro (25.8%)
Biogases (4.2%)
Renewables (7.9%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (69.1%) Natural Gas (16.2%)
Coal (4.6%)
Oil (29.5%)
Liquid biofuels (15.1%)
Other** (5.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (8.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
264 Mtoe
20.95 Mtoe
14.47 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 235
FRANCE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
223.89 15.22
236.66 17.03
251.87 15.89
264.39 17.46
267.20 19.62
256.22 19.79
264.23 20.95
0.7 1.4 0.7
6.8
7.2
6.3
6.6
7.3
7.7
7.9
1091.83
1156.28
1327.96
1509.27
1512.55
1472.79
1495.97
1.6
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.18
-0.9 -0.9
108
108
100
92
93
92
93
58.17
59.42
60.73
63.78
64.14
64.49
64.67
0.5
3.85
3.98
4.15
4.15
4.17
3.97
4.09
0.2
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
417.2
491.1
536.1
564.4
569.5
537.4
567.6
1.3
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
55.79
75.32
70.27
66.48
74.01
69.80
77.91
1.2
13.4
15.3
13.1
11.8
13.0
13.0
13.7
-0.2
36.3
39.0
42.2
42.6
41.5
41.5
..
0.7
-
0.16
0.34
1.45
2.27
2.45
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 0.8 3.4 5.5 5.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
24987
25232
25427
28737
30063
31607
..
1.2
Hydro
24747
24987
25123
25128
25096
25317
..
0.1
4293
4292
4302
4303
4303
4304
..
0.0
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
2
7
26
80
263
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
240
240
240
240
240
240
..
-
Wind
-
3
57
2220
3422
4530
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
751
827
827
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
261
267
286
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
111
131
144
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
566
590
513
932
1164
1360
..
4.7
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
396
413
359
652
815
952
..
4.7
Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
236 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FRANCE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
59534
78689
76033
73694
80433
76556
85234
1.3
Hydro
57331
75922
71817
63521
68319
61912
68041
0.4 1.6
3527
2997
4680
5417
4545
4774
5247
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
5
18
42
171
653
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
521
-0.7
Wind
-
5
77
4060
5689
7891
9643
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
222
371
1081
1793
1881
1980
2075
12.2 12.2
Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
Municipal waste renew.
221
371
1081
1793
1881
1980
2075
1116
1368
1090
1364
1408
1279
1340
0.7
73
83
309
626
700
846
886
13.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
58377
76630
73979
71382
78095
74080
..
1.3
Hydro
57331
75922
71817
63521
68319
61912
..
0.4
3527
2997
4680
5417
4545
4774
..
1.6
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
5
18
42
171
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
571
568
573
519
513
497
..
-0.7
Wind
-
5
77
4060
5689
7891
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
222
46
487
1130
1205
1277
..
9.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
221
46
487
1130
1205
1277
..
9.7
-
-
278
459
517
384
..
-
32
42
255
545
605
671
..
17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
1157
2059
2054
2312
2338
2476
..
4.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
325
594
663
676
703
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Tide, wave, ocean
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
-
325
594
663
676
703
..
-
1116
1368
812
905
891
895
..
-1.2
41
41
54
81
95
175
..
7.9
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 237
FRANCE 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
19997
23048
23992
20932
20654
21226
21226
0.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
9999 e
11524 e
11996
10466
10327
10613
10613
0.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
9998 e
11524 e
11996
10466
10327
10613
10613
0.3
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
16237
17814
16170
15862
16338
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
8119 e
8907
8085
7931
8169
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
8118 e
8907
8085
7931
8169
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
19997
6811
6178
4762
4792
4888
..
-7.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
Municipal waste renew.
9999 e
3405 e
3089
2381
2396
2444
..
-7.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
9998 e
3406 e
3089
2381
2396
2444
..
-7.1
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
238 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FRANCE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
4914 4914 -4844 -69 57138 57138 -
Wind
679 679 -597 -81 7891 7891 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
43 43 -43 497 497 -
Solar PV
15 15 -14 -1 171 171 -
Geothermal
111 111 111 111 66 37 8 -
Solar thermal
52 52 52 52 45 7 -
Industrial waste
-
Mun. waste renew.
1207 1207 -13 -366 -85 -329 -21 -82 310 310 310 1980 1277 703 10613 8169 2444
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 239
FRANCE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
1207 1207 -13 -366 -85 -329 -21 -82 310 310 310 1980 1277 703 10613 8169 2444
Wood/ wood waste
9793 9793 -336 -132 9325 2325 309 592 1424 7001 6961 40 1279 384 895 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
442 442 -357 -43 42 42 42 760 650 110 -
45 45 -5 -2 38 38 38 41 21 20 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
39 39 -11 28 21 21 7 7 45 45 -
348 120 -73 -3 392 392 392 392 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1866 295 -97 -2 2062 2062 2062 2062 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
20761 415 -170 -5 21001 -5524 -1581 -170 -846 -42 -164 12670 2346 330 592 1424 2454 2454 7871 7072 751 48 71782 69306 2476 21226 16338 4888
Share in total energy sources
16.0% 0.3% 0.6% x 8.2% x x x x x x 7.9% 8.5% 7.3% 28.4% 83.2% 5.5% 5.9% 10.3% 15.9% 3.6% 1.4% 13.4% 13.5% 10.4% 13.3% 10.5% 100.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
240 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4624 4624 4624 4624
5523 5523 5523 5523
5275 5275 5275 5275
4549 4549 4549 4549
4868 4868 4868 4868
4630 4630 4630 4630
3780 3780 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
814 814 814 814
820 820 820 820
693 693 693 693
1477 1477 1477 1477
1850 1850 1850 1850
2168 2168 2168 2168
2482 2482 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
38877 38877 32519 6358 6358
47564 47564 1 36640 10925 10925
48969 48969 36394 12575 12575
50563 50563 37587 12976 12976
50083 50083 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.0 4.0 x 2.4 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -
30185 30185 26954 3231 3231
e
e e
e
e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 241
FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
38877 38877 32519 6358 6358
47564 47564 1 36640 10925 10925
48969 48969 36394 12575 12575
50563 50563 37587 12976 12976
50083 50083 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.0 4.0 x 2.4 -
401480 401480 9172 392308 63581 328727
353091 353091 7019 346072 64700 281372
373748 373748 20899 352849 86185 266664
399885 399885 21581 378304 94845 283459
410092 410092 19583 390509 97352 293157
438751 438751 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.0 0.0 x 5.7 -0.2 2.4 -0.8
326 326 293 33 33
5791 5791 5212 579 579
14174 14174 13082 1092 1092
15880 15880 14691 1189 1189
18517 18517 16745 1772 1772
21539 21539 .. .. .. .. .. ..
25.9 25.9 26.0 25.1 25.1
2439 2439 470 1969 1969
2419 2419 466 1953 1953
2202 2202 344 1858 1858
1907 1907 282 1625 1625
1892 1892 286 1606 1606
1890 1890 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-1.4 -1.4 -2.6 -1.1 -1.1
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
23991 e 23991 e 23991 e -
30184 30184 26953 3231 3231
e
e e
e
e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
409016 409016 1 6780 402237 62328 339909
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
232 e 232 e 207 e 25 25
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
2457 2457 474 1983 1983
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
242 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
FRANCE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
346 346 31 315 315 -
666 666 35 631 518 113
913 913 31 882 738 144
1111 1111 177 934 874 60
1185 1185 222 963 846 117
1622 1622 448 1174 872 302
2033 2033 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.5 8.5 15.1 7.2 5.5 -
-
38000 38000 38000 38000
92500 -1500 91000 91000 91000
412700 23300 436000 436000 436000
589400 53300 -700 642000 642000 642000
543100 72800 -3900 612000 612000 612000
701500 -155000 500 547000 .. ..
x -
-
153377 -377 153000 153000 153000
299881 8394 -275 308000 308000 308000
954300 345700 -9000 1291000 1291000 1291000
1762500 341600 -22100 2082000 1000 2083000 2083000
2088500 221100 -1600 2308000 2308000 2308000
1887000 175000 2062000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 243
GERMANY
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
244 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GERMANY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (15.6%)
Oil (34.6%)
Other* (0.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (77.5%)
Hydro (28.2%)
Nuclear (11.3%)
Biogases (7.7%) Renewables (1.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (71.4%)
Other** (0.5%)
Coal (36.6%)
Renew. mun. waste (14.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
351 Mtoe
5.32 Mtoe
3.80 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (24.0%)
Other* (0.8%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (77.9%)
Nuclear (11.0%)
Biogases (21.3%)
Renewables (9.3%)
Hydro (5.3%) Coal (23.1%)
Oil (31.8%)
Other** (16.8%)
Liquid biofuels (17.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (52.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (9.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
332 Mtoe
30.71 Mtoe
23.93 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 140 120
TWh
100 80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 245
GERMANY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
351.40 5.32
337.05 6.09
337.29 9.09
331.79 25.92
334.70 26.58
318.53 27.69
331.50 30.71
-0.5 9.1 9.6
1.5
1.8
2.7
7.8
7.9
8.7
9.3
1543.20
1720.46
1900.22
2077.13
2097.65
1998.65
2071.24
1.4
0.23
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
-1.9 -1.9
128
110
100
90
90
90
90
79.36
81.66
82.19
82.26
82.12
81.88
81.75
0.2
4.43
4.13
4.10
4.03
4.08
3.89
4.06
-0.7
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
547.7
532.8
572.3
629.5
631.2
586.4
614.1
0.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
19.09
25.93
35.48
87.56
90.31
93.99
101.13
8.8
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
3.5
4.9
6.2
13.9
14.3
16.0
16.5
8.4
50.5
54.1
56.3
50.3
49.5
50.1
..
-0.0
-
0.03
0.22
2.72
2.51
2.78
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.4 5.4 5.1 5.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
Total capacity
7815
11342
17135
40928
44294
Hydro
6851
8876
8982
10067
10000
-
4528
4654 e
6552
6494
Geothermal
-
-
-
3
Solar photovoltaic
2
18
114
Solar thermal
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
48
1137
of which: pumped storage
Wind
2007
2010e
90-09
52343
..
10.5
10640
..
2.3
6666
..
-
7
7
..
-
3811
5333
9800
..
56.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6095
22247
23895
25777
..
39.2 -3.9
137 e
2008
2009
Industrial waste
253 e
494 e
885 e
137
119
..
Municipal waste
550
509
585
1301
1301
1460
..
5.3
Solid biofuels
22 e
79
129
1300
1380
2042
..
26.9
Biogases
89 e
18.3
229
345
1665
1844
2169
..
-
-
-
397
397
329
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
350
1426
2890
9510
11310
12909
..
20.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
245
998
2023
6657
7917
9036
..
20.9
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
246 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GERMANY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
25049
35665
45495
100319
101194
105509
114889
7.9
Hydro
19791
26250
25962
28457
26963
24710
25927
1.2 5.1
2365
4470
4230
7554
6021
6050
6931
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
18
19
27
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
7
60
3075
4420
6579
12000
58.8
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
71
1712
9352
39713
40574
38639
36500
39.3
Industrial waste
2373
3915
3946
683
356
1302
2371
-3.1
Municipal waste renew.
1219
1348
1844
4521
4506
4166
4462
6.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
1218
1348
1844
4521
4506
4166
4462
6.7
Solid biofuels
129
496
804
8374
8960
10881
12000
26.3
Biogases
247
589
1683
8351
8309
12563
15080
23.0
-
-
-
2624
2582
2484
2060
-
Electricity only plants
25049
35665
45495
93796
94788
98267
..
7.5
Hydro
19791
26250
25962
28457
26963
24710
..
1.2
2365
4470
4230
7554
6021
6050
..
5.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
18
19
..
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
7
60
3075
4420
6579
..
58.8
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
71
1712
9352
39713
40574
38639
..
39.3
Industrial waste
2373
3915
3946
69
65
858
..
-5.2
Municipal waste renew.
1219
1348
1844
3373
3358
3083
..
5.0
Municipal waste non-renew.
1218
1348
1844
3373
3358
3083
..
5.0
Solid biofuels
129
496
804
6973
7331
7882
..
24.2
Biogases
247
589
1683
7219
7166
11325
..
22.3
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
1544
1535
2089
..
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
6523
6406
7242
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
614
291
444
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
1148
1148
1083
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
1148
1148
1083
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
1401
1629
2999
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
1132
1143
1238
..
-
of which: pumped storage
Wind
Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Wind
1080 1047 395 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 247
GERMANY 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
19771
21224 e
19368
49867
55936
67018
74223
6.6
Geothermal
-
-
576
587
1048
1062
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
6233
6912
-
-
10874
11460 e
10652
19735
21876
21979
24376
3.8
8897
9376
8716
19735
21876
21979
24375
4.9
Solid biofuels
-
388
-
8726
10506
14063
15596
-
Biogases
-
-
-
923
918
1281
1420
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
172
173
435
482
-
19368
31994
37042
42881
..
4.2 -
Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.
of which: CHP plants
19771
21224 e
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
4039
..
-
10874
11460 e
10652
13380
15124
14898
..
1.7
8897
9376
8716
13380
15124
14898
..
2.8
Solid biofuels
-
388
-
4696
6239
8182
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
439
455
645
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
99
100
219
..
-
Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew.
Heat only plants
-
-
-
17873
18894
24137
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
576
587
1048
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
2194
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
6355
6752
7081
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
6355
6752
7081
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
4030
4267
5881
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
484
463
636
..
-
73 73 216 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
248 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GERMANY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
1605 1605 -1573 -31 18660 18660 -
Wind
3323 3323 -3317 -6 38639 38639 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
566 566 -565 -1 6579 6579 -
Geothermal
474 474 -9 -16 -50 399 399 399 19 19 1048 1048
Solar thermal
407 407 407 407 393 13 -
Industrial waste
1500 1500 -231 -18 -213 -34 -92 -3 909 909 70 7 739 1 91 1302 858 444 6233 4039 2194
Mun. waste renew.
2045 2045 -828 -3 -816 -4 -332 63 63 49 8 6 4166 3083 1083 21979 14898 7081
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 249
GERMANY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
2045 2045 -828 -3 -816 -4 -332 63 63 49 8 6 4166 3083 1083 21979 14898 7081
Wood/ wood waste
11215 11215 -3113 -257 -506 -386 -268 -1 6684 1696 29 116 3 27 13 43 516 836 2 113 4988 4988 10881 7882 2999 14063 8182 5881
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
265 265 -250 -5 -10 1 1 1 749 732 17 399 106 293
387 387 -2 -339 -1 -1 -24 19 5 2 3 14 14 1057 2 1055 230 187 43
Other biogases
Biogasoline
3561 3561 -3189 -5 -23 -16 -12 315 315 286 1 9 16 1 2 10757 10591 166 652 352 300
569 1 571 571 571 571 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 -
1257 1257 -1 -669 -47 -15 -67 -6 453 259 1 14 3 1 4 3 11 222 1 1 194 194 2484 2089 395 435 219 216
Total renew. & waste sources
31236 1 31238 -10 -14579 -373 -2733 -512 -1103 -4 -24 11901 3311 1 399 7 956 4 32 16 82 860 837 3 117 2782 2782 5808 5780 27 99459 92217 7242 67018 42881 24137
Share in total energy sources
24.6% 9.8% x x x x x x x x 5.3% 6.9% 0.0% 3.7% 0.4% 16.0% 0.2% 1.1% 3.5% 1.8% 15.3% 56.6% 0.6% 2.6% 5.2% 5.6% 5.8% 8.8% 0.1% 17.0% 18.1% 9.4% 14.2% 12.5% 19.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
250 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
292 e 292 292 292
5130 5130 5130 5130
5159 5159 5159 5159
8867 8867 1167 7700 7700
10295 10295 1824 8471 8471
19829 19829 -360 2765 16704 16704
22176 22176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
24.9 24.9 x 23.7 23.7
466 466 466 466
1584 1584 1584 1584
4603 4603 4603 4603
13199 13199 13199 13199
14872 14872 14872 14872
17039 17039 17039 17039
18720 18720 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
20.9 20.9 20.9 20.9
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
20526 e 20526 e 20526 e -
37719 e 37719 e 37719 e -
43047 e 43047 e 43047 e -
12165 12165 6172 150 5843 5843 -
2985 2985 2842 143 -
62823 62823 24609 143 38071 38071 -
68400 68400 .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.1 6.1 1.0 -
23512 e 23512 e 23512 e -
24622 e 24622 e 24622 e -
29674 e 29674 e 29674 e -
103274 103274 83427 19847 19847 -
103062 103062 83076 19986 19986 -
85640 85640 83021 2619 2619 -
95400 95400 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.0 7.0 6.9 -
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 251
GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
22428 e 22428 e 22428 e -
27344 e 27344 e 27344 e -
103274 103274 83427 19847 19847 -
103062 103062 83076 19986 19986 -
85640 85640 83021 2619 2619 -
95400 95400 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.6 7.6 7.4 -
e
410551 410551 139150 271401 63401 208000
435408 435408 147180 55 288173 64173 224000
469636 469636 189665 56 279915 71035 208880
522600 522600 .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.3 7.3 21.6 4.6 5.2 4.5
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
21323 e 21323 e 21323 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
123259 123259 4644 118615 27337 91278
e
e
e e
124000 e 124000 16172 e 107828 16216 91612
196434 196434 13805 182629 14000 168629
e
e e
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
-
9650 e 9650 e 7550 e 2100 2100 -
14475 14475 14407 68 68 -
14646 14646 14578 68 68 -
11118 11118 11075 43 43 -
10500 10500 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
10191 e 10191 e 7691 e 2500 2500 -
16099 16099 11897 2411 1065 726 192 534
16289 16289 12021 2441 1065 762 228 534
16189 16189 14368 1007 814 214 600
16800 16800 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
252 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GERMANY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
12231 12231 6360 5871 5871 -
13946 13946 10656 3290 3290 -
-
-
-
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
123386 123386 98974 24412 24412 -
123766 123766 99112 24654 24654 -
149100 149100 135903 13197 13197 -
186000 186000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
14.1 14.1 17.5 4.4 4.4 -
-
454765 3000 235 458000 458000 458000
620000 -4000 616000 616000 616000
894000 2000 896000 896000 896000
1148000 2000 -1000 1149000 .. ..
x -
-
-
1423439 -19000 -439 1404000 1404000 1404000
1682000 -138000 1544000 1544000 1544000
2276000 2276000 2276000 2276000
2289000 4000 -2000 2291000 .. ..
x -
-
35000 35000 35000 35000 -
250000 250000 250000 250000 -
5309165 5309165 1894927 3414238 831238 2583000 -
3989681 3989681 1575693 2413988 922988 1491000 -
2267747 2267747 1450922 816825 466825 350000 -
2381000 2381000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
3500 e 3500 e 3119 e 381 381 -
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 253
GREECE
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
254 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GREECE Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (0.6%)
Oil (56.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.9%)
Other* (0.3%) Renewables (5.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (80.9%)
Biogases (0.1%)
Hydro (13.8%) Coal (37.6%)
Other** (5.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
21 Mtoe
1.10 Mtoe
0.89 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (11.8%)
Oil (51.8%)
Other* (1.9%)
Hydro (28.2%)
Renewables (7.5%)
Coal (27.0%)
Biogases (5.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (51.1%)
Liquid biofuels (12.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (82.0%)
Other** (20.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
27 Mtoe
2.02 Mtoe
1.03 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 12 10
TWh
8 6 4 2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 255
GREECE 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
21.44 1.10
22.68 1.29
27.09 1.40
30.22 1.73
30.42 1.71
29.44 1.87
27.02 2.02
1.7 2.8 1.1
5.2
5.7
5.2
5.7
5.6
6.4
7.5
100.82
107.27
127.09
169.88
171.62
168.11
160.60
2.7
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
-1.0 -1.0
100
99
100
83
83
82
79
10.34
10.63
10.92
11.19
11.24
11.28
11.28
0.5
2.07
2.13
2.48
2.70
2.71
2.61
2.39
1.2
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
34.8
41.3
53.4
62.7
62.9
61.1
60.8
3.0
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
1.77
3.56
4.14
4.59
5.75
8.19
9.11
8.4
5.1
8.6
7.8
7.3
9.1
13.4
15.0
5.2
3.9
4.6
5.3
6.7
6.5
7.1
..
3.2
-
-
-
0.09
0.07
0.08
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 1.3 1.1 1.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
2458
2600
3334
4081
4293
4097
..
2.7
Hydro
2408
2523
3072
3150
3176
3018
..
1.2
315
315
699
699
699
571
..
3.2
Geothermal
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
9
12
46
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
27
226
846
1022
950
..
43.5
Industrial waste
47
48
35
37
43
43
..
-0.5
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
1
39
40
40
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
1448
2101
2941
3573
3871
4077
..
5.6
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
1014
1471
2059
2501
2710
2854
..
5.6
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
256 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GREECE 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
1999
3920
4725
5404
6606
8475
10001
7.9
Hydro
1997
3782
4111
3376
4149
5645
7488
5.6 0.9
228
253
418
785
837
271
869
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
1
5
50
132
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
2
34
451
1818
2242
2543
2136
45.7
Industrial waste
-
103
163
25
19
19
20
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
184
191
218
225
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
1999
3817
4562
5355
6567
8422
..
7.9
Hydro
1997
3782
4111
3376
4149
5645
..
5.6
228
253
418
785
837
271
..
0.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
1
5
50
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
2
34
451
1818
2242
2543
..
45.7
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
160
171
184
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
103
163
49
39
53
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
103
163
25
19
19
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
24
20
34
..
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 257
GREECE 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
258 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GREECE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
462 462 -462 5374 5374 -
Wind
219 219 -219 2543 2543 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
4 4 -4 50 50 -
Geothermal
22 22 22 22 13 8 2 -
Solar thermal
182 182 182 182 179 4 -
Industrial waste
4 4 -4 19 19 -
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 259
GREECE 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
799 e 799 -2 e 797 242 2 219 22 555 540 15 -
Charcoal
50 50 1 50 50 50 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
46 46 -46 184 184 -
9 9 -8 1 1 1 34 34 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
71 7 78 78 78 78 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
1818 57 1875 -731 -12 -1 1130 242 2 219 22 78 78 810 782 5 23 2 8204 8151 53 -
Share in total energy sources
18.0% 0.2% 6.4% x x x 5.5% 7.0% 0.2% 35.4% 50.1% 0.9% 1.1% 10.3% 16.1% 0.2% 2.6% 100.0% 13.4% 15.8% 0.6% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
260 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GREECE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
108 108 108 108
115 115 115 115
67 67 67 67
602 602 602 602
712 712 712 712
940 940 940 940
940 940 .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1
2363 2363 2363 2363
3442 3442 3442 3442
4138 4138 4138 4138
6687 6687 6687 6687
7247 7247 7247 7247
7632 7632 7632 7632
8400 8400 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4
-
1560 1560 1560 -
2662 2662 2662 -
233 233 233 -
168 168 168 -
169 169 169 -
212 212 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 261
GREECE 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
37384 37384 37384 7991 29393
37556 37556 24 37532 8139 29393
39547 39547 39547 9741 29806
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
42230 e 42230 e 155 e 42075 9847 32228
37403 e 37403 e 78 e 37325 11028 26297
33445 e 33445 e 78 e 33367 10133 23234
33445 33445 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-0.6 -0.6 -0.6 1.3 -1.2
-
1239 1239 1239 -
1185 1185 1185 -
1937 1937 1937 -
1978 1978 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
39 39 39 39
226 226 132 94 94
218 218 197 21 21
397 397 351 46 46
401 401 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
262 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
GREECE 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
19 19 19 19 -
30 30 30 28 2
13 13 13 13 -
11 11 11 11 -
8 8 8 8 -
9 9 9 9 -
10 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
91863 2605 -468 94000 94000 94000
69356 6909 -265 76000 76000 76000
78000 8000 86000 86000 86000
124443 16788 -231 141000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
2 62 64 64 64
1 67 68 68 68
1 67 68 68 68
1 63 64 .. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 263
HUNGARY
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
264 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
HUNGARY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (31.1%)
Other* (3.4%) Biofuels and renewable waste (86.4%)
Nuclear (12.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (98.2%)
Renewables (2.6%)
Hydro (2.1%)
Coal (21.3%)
Oil (29.1%)
Renew. mun. waste (1.8%)
Other** (11.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
29 Mtoe
0.75 Mtoe
0.64 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (38.3%)
Other* (2.1%)
Biogases (1.9%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (91.5%)
Nuclear (16.2%)
Liquid biofuels (8.6%)
Renewables (7.6%)
Coal (10.6%)
Oil (25.3%)
Hydro (0.8%) Other** (7.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (86.5%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
25 Mtoe
1.93 Mtoe
1.76 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 3.5 3
TWh
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 265
HUNGARY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
28.66 0.75
25.87 0.87
25.00 0.83
26.73 1.37
26.46 1.59
24.86 1.84
25.44 1.93
-0.7 4.9 5.6
2.6
3.4
3.3
5.1
6.0
7.4
7.6
44.62
39.59
47.38
59.95
60.45
56.40
57.07
1.2
0.64
0.65
0.53
0.45
0.44
0.44
0.45
-2.0 -2.0
122
124
100
84
83
84
84
10.37
10.33
10.21
10.06
10.04
10.02
9.99
-0.2
2.76
2.51
2.45
2.66
2.64
2.48
2.55
-0.6
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
28.4
34.0
35.2
40.0
40.0
35.9
37.4
1.2
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.20
0.22
0.24
1.88
2.36
2.90
3.09
15.3
0.7
0.6
0.7
4.7
5.9
8.1
8.3
13.8
2.6
2.3
2.9
4.3
4.4
4.3
..
2.8
-
-
-
0.03
0.16
0.17
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.7 3.8 3.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
72
78
79
478
604
788
..
13.4
Hydro
48
48
48
49
51
53
..
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
1
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
61
134
203
..
-
Industrial waste
-
1
1
1
1
1
..
-
Municipal waste
of which: pumped storage
24
24
24
42
42
42
..
3.0
Solid biofuels
-
5
5
306
356
464
..
-
Biogases
-
-
1
19
19
24
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
20
27
36
65
100
120
..
9.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
14
19
25
46
70
84
..
9.9
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
266 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
HUNGARY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
212
266
298
2029
2471
3012
3237
15.0
Hydro
178
163
178
210
213
228
188
1.3 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
110
205
331
534
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
-
5
5
4
4
-
Municipal waste renew.
17
48
55
141
109
113
145
10.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
17
47
55
141
109
113
145
10.5
Solid biofuels
-
8
10
1374
1760
2126
2120
-
Biogases
-
-
-
48
69
96
100
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
178
163
178
1772
2157
2633
..
15.2
Hydro
178
163
178
210
213
228
..
1.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
1
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
110
205
331
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
5
5
4
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
58
24
29
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
58
24
29
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
1331
1685
2009
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
2
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
34
103
120
257
314
379
..
13.5
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
17
48
55
83
85
84
..
8.8
Municipal waste non-renew.
17
47
55
83
85
84
..
8.8
Solid biofuels
-
8
10
43
75
117
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
48
69
94
..
Industrial waste
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 267
HUNGARY 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
558
1168
1180
1920
2143
2446
2830
8.1
Geothermal
-
264
218
196
201
220
238
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
1
1
2
2
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
159 e
336 e
408 e
498
538
528
524
6.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
159 e
336 e
407 e
498
538
528
524
6.5
Solid biofuels
240
232
147
726
864
1145
1517
8.6
Biogases
-
-
-
1
1
23
25
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
318
746
890
1446
1744
2086
..
10.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
159 e
336 e
408 e
498
538
528
..
6.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
of which:
159 e
336 e
407 e
498
538
528
..
6.5
Solid biofuels
-
74
75
449
667
1019
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
1
1
11
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
240
422
290
474
399
360
..
2.2
Geothermal
-
264
218
196
201
220
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
1
1
2
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
240
158
72
277
197
126
..
-3.3
-
-
-
-
-
12
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
268 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
HUNGARY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
20 20 -20 228 228 -
Wind
28 28 -28 331 331 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
1 1 -
Geothermal
96 96 -5 91 1 90 78 12 220 220
Solar thermal
5 5 4 4 4 2 2
Industrial waste
27 27 -1 26 26 26 4 4 -
Mun. waste renew.
46 46 -7 -39 113 29 84 528 528 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 269
HUNGARY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
46 46 -7 -39 113 29 84 528 528 -
Wood/ wood waste
1471 19 -48 1442 -571 -69 -2 -4 796 89 32 41 9 4 3 707 581 116 10 2126 2009 117 1145 1019 126
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
3 3 -2 -1 10 10 -
11 11 -1 -4 -3 3 3 3 42 42 11 11 -
Other biogases
18 18 -6 -7 4 4 4 44 2 42 12 12
Biogasoline
41 7 e -2 e -1 e 46 1 46 46 46 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
112 21 e -9 e -1 e 123 123 123 123 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
1924 47 -59 -2 1911 1 -634 -148 -14 -9 -11 1093 116 58 41 9 4 3 169 169 808 585 197 26 3012 2633 379 2446 2086 360
Share in total energy sources
17.5% 0.3% 1.9% x 7.7% x x x x x x 6.1% 4.8% 12.8% 10.3% 6.6% 14.6% 2.9% 3.8% 3.9% 9.0% 10.6% 6.6% 5.9% 8.4% 9.2% 5.2% 4.6% 5.4% 2.5%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
270 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
3600 3600 3600 3600
3600 3600 294 3306 3306
3600 3600 242 3358 3358
3600 3600 221 3379 52 3327
4000 4000 210 3790 53 3737
4030 4030 220 3810 49 3761
4068 4068 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2
-
-
-
105 105 1 104 104
159 159 1 158 158
190 190 2 188 188
227 227 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
846 846 54 792 792 -
919 919 64 855 855 -
1150 1150 46 1104 1104 -
1002 1002 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
1694 570 2264 2264 -
1931 1931 1931 -
1930 1930 1930 -
2240 2240 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.4 7.4 7.4 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
494 e 494 e 494 e -
1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -
1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 271
HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1694 570 2264 2264 -
1931 1931 1931 -
1930 1930 1930 -
2240 2240 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.4 7.4 7.4 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
494 e 494 e 494 e -
1085 e 1085 e 1085 e -
1218 e 1218 e 1218 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
28331 -1158 -674 26499 636 25863 121 25742
31095 31095 349 30746 1860 28886
29295 29295 240 29055 2513 26542
47984 195 48179 17731 30448 4374 26074
52094 -1026 51068 23988 27080 4134 22946
61600 -1210 60390 27066 33324 3732 29592
63815 21 63836 .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.2 0.2 x 4.4 21.8 1.3 19.8 0.7
-
-
-
85 85 49 31 5 5
86 86 48 35 3 3
119 119 63 47 9 9
100 100 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
365 365 97 137 131 131
337 337 108 140 89 89
441 441 208 109 124 124
514 514 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
272 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
HUNGARY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
6 6 6 6 -
250 250 109 79 62 62
490 490 256 101 133 133
734 734 283 277 174 174
812 812 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
14210 28353 -563 42000 42000 42000
62135 11168 e -303 e 73000 e 73000 73000
65128 8574 e -702 e 73000 e 73000 73000
24300 63376 1324 89000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
9291 -3363 -3928 2000 2000 2000
136989 -5359 5370 137000 -5000 132000 132000
141366 -34030 -1336 105000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
e e e e
125430 13068 -1498 137000 137000 137000
e e e e
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 273
ICELAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
274 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ICELAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Renewables (67.0%)
Hydro (25.8%)
Coal (3.1%) Other** (74.2%)
Oil (29.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2 Mtoe
1.40 Mtoe
0.00 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Renewables (85.3%)
Biogases (46.2%)
Hydro (23.7%)
Coal (1.4%)
Oil (13.3%)
Other** (76.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (53.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
5 Mtoe
4.57 Mtoe
0.00 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 275
ICELAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1)
2.09 1.40
2.25 1.56
3.10 2.30
4.89 3.95
5.25 4.35
5.22 4.40
5.36 4.57
4.9 6.2
Renewables/TPES(%)
1.2
TPES (Mtoe)
67.0
69.5
74.4
80.7
82.9
84.2
85.3
GDP (billion 2000 US dollars)
6.76
6.85
8.70
11.89
12.05
11.22
10.83
2.7
TPES/GDP(2)
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.49
2.2
87
92
100
115
122
131
139
2.2
Population (millions)
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
1.2
TPES/population (toe per capita)
8.19
8.44
11.03
15.74
16.46
16.38
16.79
3.7
4.5
5.0
7.7
12.0
16.5
16.8
17.1
7.2
4.50
4.97
7.68
11.97
16.47
16.83
17.06
7.2
99.9
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
..
2.0
-
-
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
802
935
1236
2244
2455
2451
..
6.1
Hydro
756
884
1064
1758
1879
1875
..
4.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
46
51
172
485
575
575
..
14.2
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
1
1
1
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
276 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ICELAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
4504
4972
7679
11975
16465
16832
17057
7.2
Hydro
4204
4682
6356
8394
12427
12279
12592
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
300
290
1323
3579
4038
4553
4465
15.4
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
4504
4865
6830
10552
14906
15289
..
6.6
Hydro
4204
4682
6356
8394
12427
12279
..
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
300
183
474
2156
2479
3010
..
12.9
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
107
849
1423
1559
1543
..
-
Geothermal
-
107
849
1423
1559
1543
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 277
ICELAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
4819
7457
7414
8555
10229
10225
10083
4.0
Geothermal
4819
7421
7369
8515
10195
10200
10055
4.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
18 e
23 e
20
17
13
14
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
18 e
22 e
20
17
12
14
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
4247
7103
6967
7800
9500
9500
..
4.3
Geothermal
of which: 4247
7103
6967
7800
9500
9500
..
4.3
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
572
354
447
755
729
725
..
1.3
Geothermal
572
318
402
715
695
700
..
1.1
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
18 e
23 e
20
17
13
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
18 e
22 e
20
17
12
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
278 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ICELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
1056 1056 -1056 12279 12279 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
Wind
-
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
3345 3345 -1728 -1028 -33 -141 414 13 13 401 285 76 11 29 4553 3010 1543 10200 9500 700
Solar thermal
Industrial waste
-
-
Mun. waste renew.
1 1 13 13
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 279
ICELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
12 12
Wood/ wood waste
Charcoal
-
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
-
Total renew. & waste sources
4402 4402 -2784 -1028 -33 -141 414 13 13 401 285 76 11 29 16832 15289 1543 10225 9500 725
Share in total energy sources
100.0% 84.3% x x x x 14.7% 1.0% 35.8% 41.0% 54.2% 36.8% 26.3% 14.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 93.9% 100.0% 52.1%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
280 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
43493 43493 18764 1726 23003 1897 21106
48640 48640 25649 2863 20128 1828 18300
73600 73600 47272 3387 22941 2415 20526
135000 135000 -159 110474 5400 18967 758 18209
137453 e 137453 -74 115840 5876 15663 472 15191
140072 140072 116815 5925 17332 548 16784
145867 145867 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.3 6.3 x 10.1 x -1.5 -6.3 -1.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
23 e 23 e 23 e -
28 e 28 e 28 e -
126 126 126 -
77 77 77 -
21 21 21 -
21 21 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 281
ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
126 126 126 -
77 77 77 -
20 20 20 -
20 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
22 e 22 e 22 e -
28 e 28 e 28 e -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
11 11 2 9 9 -
15 15 2 13 13 -
18 18 2 16 16 -
18 18 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
282 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ICELAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
334 -334 -
182 -182 -
182 -182 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 283
IRELAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
284 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IRELAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (18.7%)
Other* (13.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (97.9%)
Hydro (35.7%)
Renewables (1.7%)
Coal (21.1%)
Oil (44.8%)
Biogases (2.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (64.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
10 Mtoe
0.17 Mtoe
0.11 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (32.3%)
Other* (6.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (62.3%)
Hydro (8.0%)
Biogases (11.5%)
Renewables (4.0%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (50.8%)
Coal (8.3%)
Oil (49.3%)
Liquid biofuels (24.2%)
Other** (41.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.1%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
15 Mtoe
0.60 Mtoe
0.30 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 285
IRELAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
9.99 0.17
10.63 0.15
13.70 0.23
15.04 0.46
14.90 0.56
14.34 0.64
14.94 0.60
1.9 7.3 5.3
1.7
1.5
1.7
3.1
3.8
4.5
4.0
48.51
60.85
96.76
140.36
135.38
125.11
123.81
5.1
0.21
0.17
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
-3.0
145
123
100
76
78
81
85
-3.0
Population (millions)
3.51
3.60
3.80
4.37
4.44
4.47
4.54
1.3
TPES/population (toe per capita)
2.85
2.95
3.60
3.45
3.35
3.21
3.29
0.6
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
14.2
17.6
23.7
27.9
29.9
27.9
28.3
3.6
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.70
0.73
1.19
2.76
3.54
4.04
3.58
9.7
4.9
4.1
5.0
9.9
11.9
14.5
12.7
5.9
1.6
1.9
3.3
4.6
4.4
4.0
..
5.1
-
-
-
0.02
0.05
0.07
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.5 1.2 1.9 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
513
523
658
1410
1593
1829
..
6.9
Hydro
513
517
528
526
531
530
..
0.2
290
290
292
292
292
292
..
0.0
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
6
115
855
1028
1264
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
2
5
5
..
-
Biogases
-
-
15
27
29
30
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
2
2
4
35
79
121
..
24.1
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
1
1
3
25
55
85
..
26.3
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
286 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IRELAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
983
984
1489
3106
3871
4394
3760
8.2
Hydro
983
968
1150
1016
1300
1257
734
1.3
286
255
304
349
331
355
177
1.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
16
244
1958
2410
2955
2807
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
13
33
65
107
-
Biogases
-
-
95
119
128
117
112
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
983
984
1489
3076
3838
4360
..
8.2
Hydro
983
968
1150
1016
1300
1257
..
1.3
286
255
304
349
331
355
..
1.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
16
244
1958
2410
2955
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
17
48
..
-
Biogases
-
-
95
102
111
100
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
30
33
34
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
13
16
17
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
17
17
17
..
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 287
IRELAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
288 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
IRELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
78 78 -78 902 902 -
Wind
254 254 -254 2955 2955 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
4 4 4 4 4 -
-
Mun. waste renew.
5 5 5 5 5 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 289
IRELAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
13 13 13 13 13 -
Wood/ wood waste
179 9 188 -1 -10 -4 173 130 1 10 35 84 43 28 14 65 48 17 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
24 24 -24 100 100 -
8 8 -5 3 3 3 17 17 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4 4 4 4 4 -
.. 19 2 21 21 21 21 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
56 .. -3 53 53 53 53 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
Total renew. & waste sources
626 28 -1 653 -1 -366 -9 277 152 1 28 39 84 75 75 50 32 17 4039 4005 34 -
Share in total energy sources
41.0% 0.2% x 4.6% x x x 2.5% 7.0% 0.3% 7.2% 8.6% 64.6% 1.8% 1.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 14.5% 15.4% 1.9% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
2 2 2 2
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
54 54 54 54
121 121 121 121
185 185 185 185
230 230 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
228 228 228 228 -
267 267 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
540 540 540 540 -
358 358 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
4416 4416 4416 2545 1871
3725 3725 3725 2482 1243
4740 4740 4740 4020 720
7096 522 7618 138 7480 6310 1170
6993 471 7464 301 7163 5750 1413
7502 384 7886 -60 583 7243 5459 1784
7473 457 7930 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.8 3.1 x 2.6 4.1 -0.3
-
-
988 988 988 -
1001 1001 1001 -
1085 1085 1085 -
986 986 986 -
932 932 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
329 329 211 118 118
339 339 216 123 123
338 338 216 122 122
339 339 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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IRELAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
95 95 95 95 -
119 119 119 119 -
180 180 180 180 -
72 72 72 60 12
59 59 59 59 -
173 173 173 173 -
190 190 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 -
-
-
-
1644 8725 -4370 5999 1 6000 6000
26609 1770 28379 -379 28000 28000
.. 33361 2639 36000 36000 36000
37795 205 38000 .. .. ..
.. x x -
-
-
-
14203 8208 -3411 19000 19000 19000
21365 17921 -720 38566 434 39000 39000
62810 .. -2800 60010 -10 60000 60000
55194 -194 55000 .. .. ..
.. x x -
-
-
-
1956 -189 1767 1767 1767 -
3182 -41 3141 3141 3141 -
1452 287 -242 1497 1 1498 1498 -
2624 2624 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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ISRAEL
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
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ISRAEL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (0.2%)
Oil (77.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Other** (99.1%)
Other* (-0.3%)
Renewables (3.1%) Hydro (0.1%) Biofuels and renewable waste (0.8%)
Coal (19.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
11 Mtoe
0.36 Mtoe
0.00 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (19.9%)
Oil (44.1%)
Other* (-1.5%)
Other** (97.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (18.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (12.9%)
Biogases (13.2%)
Renewables (4.9%)
Hydro (0.2%)
Liquid biofuels (55.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (2.2%)
Coal (32.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
22 Mtoe
1.07 Mtoe
0.02 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 0.12 0.1
TWh
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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ISRAEL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
11.48 0.36
15.52 0.47
18.25 0.61
21.47 0.76
22.31 1.07
21.55 1.07
21.91 1.07
3.4 5.9 2.4
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.5
4.8
5.0
4.9
70.41
97.47
124.68
154.36
160.88
162.17
169.64
4.5
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
-1.1
111
109
100
95
95
91
88
-1.1
Population (millions)
4.68
5.55
6.29
7.18
7.31
7.44
7.57
2.5
TPES/population (toe per capita)
2.45
2.80
2.90
2.99
3.05
2.90
2.89
0.9
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
20.9
30.4
42.7
53.8
57.0
55.0
57.2
5.2
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.10
0.10
20.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
14.1
2.2
2.9
3.4
5.7
5.6
5.7
..
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
-
-
-
13
14
38
..
-
Hydro
-
-
-
5
5
7
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
2
3
25
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
6
6
6
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
3500
3759
3800
3800
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
2450
2631
2660
2660
..
-
of which: pumped storage
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
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ISRAEL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
3
25
31
24
25
97
97
20.1
Hydro
3
25
31
14
16
22
22
11.1 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
24
24
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
10
9
9
9
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
36
36
-
Electricity only plants
3
25
31
24
25
97
..
20.1
Hydro
3
25
31
14
16
22
..
11.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
24
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
10
9
9
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
6
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
36
..
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 297
ISRAEL 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
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ISRAEL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
2 2 -2 22 22 -
Tide wave ocean
Wind
1 1 -1 9 9 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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Solar PV
2 2 -2 24 24 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
1039 1039 1039 1039 1039 -
Industrial waste
-
Mun. waste renew.
3 e 3 -3 e 6 6 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 299
ISRAEL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
Charcoal
4 4 4 4 4 -
4 4 4 4 4 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
3 3 3 3 3 -
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
13 e 13 -13 e 36 36 -
Total renew. & waste sources
1067 4 1071 -3 -18 1050 1050 1043 7 97 97 -
Share in total energy sources
32.7% 0.0% 5.0% x x 7.4% 17.3% 31.4% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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ISRAEL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
14996 14996 14996 14996
19336 19336 19336 19336
24949 24949 24949 24949
31288 31288 31288 31288
44496 44496 44496 44496
43524 43524 43524 43524
43524 43524 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
128 e 128 e 128 e -
128 128 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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ISRAEL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
127 127 127 127
127 127 127 127
183 183 183 183
183 183 183 183
183 183 183 183
183 183 183 183
183 183 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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ISRAEL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
38 38 38 38
131 131 131 131
131 131 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
14924 14924 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
4 4 4 4
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
14924 e 14924 e 14924 e -
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
6 6 6 6
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 303
ITALY
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
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304 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ITALY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (26.6%)
Other* (2.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (98.4%) Biofuels and renewable waste (12.0%)
Hydro (42.0%)
Renewables (4.4%)
Biogases (0.1%)
Coal (10.0%)
Oil (56.9%)
Renew. mun. waste (1.4%)
Other** (46.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
147 Mtoe
6.47 Mtoe
0.78 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (39.9%)
Other* (2.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (41.6%)
Hydro (25.1%) Renewables (10.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (52.6%) Biogases (6.7%)
Liquid biofuels (29.6%) Coal (8.2%)
Oil (39.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (11.1%)
Other** (33.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
170 Mtoe
17.36 Mtoe
7.22 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 305
ITALY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
146.56 6.47
159.13 7.72
171.52 10.11
179.09 12.03
176.06 13.63
164.63 16.03
170.17 17.36
0.6 4.9 4.2
4.4
4.9
5.9
6.7
7.7
9.7
10.2
937.60
998.73
1097.34
1187.54
1171.82
1110.68
1125.08
0.9
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
-0.3 -0.3
100
102
100
96
96
95
97
56.72
56.84
56.94
59.38
59.83
60.19
60.00
0.3
2.58
2.80
3.01
3.02
2.94
2.74
2.84
0.3
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
213.1
237.4
269.9
308.2
313.5
288.3
295.0
1.6
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
34.91
41.46
50.89
47.72
58.16
69.33
75.27
3.7
16.4
17.5
18.8
15.5
18.6
24.0
25.5
2.0
30.9
34.7
36.9
39.2
37.5
36.2
..
0.8
-
-
-
0.14
0.75
1.18
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.4 2.0 3.3 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
19364
20520
22003
25826
27361
29983
..
2.3
Hydro
18770
19844
20346
21117
21276
21371
..
0.7
6188
6880
6957
7544
7544
7544
..
1.0
of which: pumped storage
496
470
590
671
671
695
..
1.8
Solar photovoltaic
4
16
19
87
432
1142
..
34.7
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
3
22
363
2702
3525
4879
..
47.6
Geothermal
Industrial waste
-
-
-
27
24
25
..
-
Municipal waste
46
79
287
531
553
703
..
15.4
4
68
218 e
362
415
438
..
28.0
41
21
180
329
349
359
..
12.1
-
-
-
-
116
371
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
120
174
271
1152
1476
1876
..
15.6
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
84
122
190
806
1033
1313
..
15.6
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
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306 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ITALY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
38410
45754
58094
55077
65465
75407
80524
3.6
Hydro
35079
41907
50900
38482
47227
53443
53771
2.2
3453
4125
6695
5666
5604
4305
3189
1.2
3222
3436
4705
5569
5520
5342
5358
2.7
Solar photovoltaic
4
13
18
38
193
676
1600
31.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
2
9
563
4034
4861
6543
8449
53.1
Industrial waste
16
87
112
184
143
156
165
12.7
Municipal waste renew.
37
85
402
1512
1556
1616
1900
22.0
Municipal waste non-renew.
36
84
402
1512
1556
1616
1900
22.2
Solid biofuels
12
30
425
2298
2746
2827
3104
33.3
Biogases
2
103
567
1448
1599
1740
1888
42.8
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
64
1448
2389
-
Electricity only plants
38378
45569
57120
52132
62413
72155
..
3.4
Hydro
35079
41907
50900
38482
47227
53443
..
2.2
3453
4125
6695
5666
5604
4305
..
1.2
3222
3436
4705
5569
5520
5342
..
2.7
Solar photovoltaic
4
13
18
38
193
676
..
31.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
2
9
563
4034
4861
6543
..
53.1
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
56
103
80
99
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
36
78
134
591
635
800
..
17.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
Industrial waste
35
77
133
591
635
800
..
17.9
Solid biofuels
-
14
87
1563
1929
2104
..
-
Biogases
-
35
524
1161
1291
1374
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
42
974
..
-
CHP plants
32
185
974
2945
3052
3252
..
27.5
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
87
56
81
63
57
..
6.9
Municipal waste renew.
1
7
268
921
921
816
..
42.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
1
7
269
921
921
816
..
42.3
12
16
338
735
817
723
..
24.1
2
68
43
287
308
366
..
31.5
Industrial waste
Solid biofuels Biogases
22 474 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 307
ITALY 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
9776
10792
9327
9327
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
137
134
126
126
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
2780 e
3091 e
2340
2340
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
2779 e
3090 e
2340
2340
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
3390
3621
2535
2535
-
Biogases
-
-
-
690
685
814
814
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
171
1172
1172
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
9776
10792
9327
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
137
134
126
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
2780 e
3091 e
2340
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
2779 e
3090 e
2340
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
3390
3621
2535
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
690
685
814
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
171
1172
..
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
308 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ITALY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
4226 4226 -4149 -76 49138 49138 -
Wind
563 563 -562 6543 6543 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
58 58 -58 676 676 -
Geothermal
4805 4805 -4592 213 213 213 5342 5342 -
Solar thermal
85 85 85 85 85 -
Industrial waste
54 54 -25 -13 -17 156 99 57 126 126 -
Mun. waste renew.
686 686 -349 -10 -306 -20 1616 800 816 2340 2340 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 309
ITALY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
686 686 -349 -10 -306 -20 1616 800 816 2340 2340 -
Wood/ wood waste
2760 882 -6 3636 -668 -4 -247 -25 -194 2497 374 374 2123 1873 250 2827 2104 723 2535 2535 -
Charcoal
56 -1 54 95 149 19 4 15 130 130 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
362 362 -310 -5 -34 -13 1447 1252 195 215 215 -
5 5 -1 -4 20 3 17 38 38 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
77 77 -19 -7 -40 -12 273 119 154 561 561 -
117 117 117 117 117 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
713 415 -80 14 1063 1063 1063 1063 -
289 289 -1 -83 -99 -94 -12 1448 974 474 1172 1172 -
Total renew. & waste sources
15486 1353 -87 14 16766 -1 -11165 -224 -1031 -119 -99 4124 393 4 374 15 1180 1180 2551 2088 250 213 71102 67850 3252 9327 9327 -
Share in total energy sources
57.3% 0.8% 0.3% x 10.2% x x x x x x 3.3% 1.4% 0.1% 6.0% 0.5% 3.0% 3.3% 5.2% 7.3% 8.2% 60.1% 24.7% 36.1% 3.2% 5.2% 5.2% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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310 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ITALY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
124392 124392 115992 8400 8400
132612 132612 123696 8916 8916
178296 e 178296 e 169380 e 8916 8916
209405 209405 200489 8916 8916
207647 207647 198731 8916 8916
201222 201222 192306 8916 8916
201804 201804 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.6 2.6 2.7 0.3 0.3
202 202 202 202
293 293 293 293
456 456 456 456
2186 2186 2186 2186
2800 2800 2800 2800
3556 3556 3556 3556
4516 4516 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
16.3 16.3 16.3 16.3
3832 3832 1232 2600 e 2600 e -
5262 5262 2662 2600 2600 -
4728 4728 2128 2600 2600 -
2273 2273 2273 -
2140 2140 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-5.3 -5.3 7.4 -
28721 28721 28721 -
33500 33500 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
24.2 24.2 x 24.2 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
6408 6408 586 5822 5822 -
e
e
e e
4187 4187 712 3475 3475 -
e
e
e e
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
470 e 470 e 470 e -
2600 2600 -1419 1181 -
e
e e e
6992 e 6992 e -3400 3592 e -
29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
26756 e 26756 e 26756 e -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 311
ITALY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
6992 e 6992 e -3400 3592 e -
29309 e 29309 e 29309 e -
26755 e 26755 e 26755 e -
28721 28721 28721 -
33500 33500 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
24.2 24.2 x 24.2 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
469 e 469 e 469 e -
2600 2600 -1420 1180 -
e
e e e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
28163 3843 32006 2943 29063 3390 25673
40950 9693 50643 e -1 4766 e 45876 6870 39006
49381 20388 69769 9910 59859 8667 51192
71469 32990 104459 41408 63051 7000 56051
87602 26440 114042 46205 67837 10177 57660
115567 36690 152257 47687 104570 15680 88890
120000 36730 156730 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.7 12.6 8.6 x 15.8 7.0 8.4 6.8
5345 5345 5345 -
13176 13176 13176 -
14225 14225 14225 -
15147 15147 15147 -
16200 16200 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
87 87 87 -
127 127 127 -
210 210 210 -
250 250 .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.8 8.8 8.8 -
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
821 821 821 -
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
42 e 42 e 42 e -
27 e 27 e 27 e -
54 e 54 e 54 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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312 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
ITALY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2977 2977 2977 -
2813 2813 2813 -
3242 3242 3242 -
3850 3850 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
99 e 99 e 99 e -
81 e 81 e 81 e -
-
-
-
-
139000 139000 139000 139000
183000 183000 183000 183000
217000 217000 .. ..
-
-
-
-
202000 202000 202000 158000
668000 131000 -54000 745000 745000 745000
798000 376000 16000 1190000 1190000 1190000
748000 698000 190000 1636000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
19219 19219 19219 -
329518 329518 329518 -
615000 615000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
78 39 117 117 28 89
156 64 220 220 20 200
136 65 201 201 51 150
129 74 203 203 26 177
140 77 217 .. .. .. ..
6.2 8.8 8.8 8.0
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
41 41 41 41
e
e e e
63 63 63 63
e
e e e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 313
JAPAN
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
314 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
JAPAN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (10.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (94.8%)
Hydro (50.5%)
Nuclear (12.0%)
Renewables (3.5%)
Biogases (1.1%) Biofuels and renewable waste (31.5%)
Oil (57.0%)
Coal (17.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (4.1%)
Other** (18.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
439 Mtoe
15.21 Mtoe
4.79 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (17.4%)
Other* (0.2%)
Hydro (42.4%)
Nuclear (15.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (85.1%)
Biogases (1.8%)
Renewables (3.0%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (34.8%) Coal (23.4%) Oil (40.9%)
Renew. mun. waste (13.1%)
Other** (22.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
495 Mtoe
15.06 Mtoe
5.23 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 140 120
TWh
100 80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 315
JAPAN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
439.32 15.21
496.25 15.88
518.95 16.63
515.17 16.47
495.55 16.12
471.99 15.72
494.90 15.06
0.4 0.2 -0.2
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.0
4150.28
4450.36
4667.47
5201.19
5140.40
4872.22
5064.07
0.8
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
-0.5 -0.5
95
100
100
89
87
87
88
123.61
125.57
126.93
127.77
127.51
127.33
126.91
0.2
3.55
3.95
4.09
4.03
3.89
3.71
3.90
0.2
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
835.5
960.3
1049.0
1125.5
1075.5
1041.0
1071.3
1.2
100.66
96.52
103.82
100.78
102.89
101.20
101.08
0.0
12.0
10.1
9.9
9.0
9.6
9.7
9.4
-1.1
63.4
75.4
77.9
71.9
69.1
67.7
..
0.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
38101
44495
48593
52792
53274
53903
..
1.8
Hydro
37830
43456
46324
47313
47341
47243
..
1.2
17005
22285
24305
25489
25489
25459
..
2.1
270
504
of which: pumped storage
532
532
535
..
3.7
1919 e
2144 e
2627 e
..
51.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1756
1997
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
1322
1501
1501
1501
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
7399
6316
6316
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
5179
4421
4421
..
-
Geothermal Solar photovoltaic
1 e
Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
533
43 e
330 e
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
84
1527
Industrial waste
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
491
Solid biofuels
-
-
Biogases
-
Liquid biofuels
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
316 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
JAPAN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
108097
107024
115834
114848
113836
112154
113596
0.2
95835
91216
96817
84234
83504
82129
82645
-0.8
6530
9098
9564
10225
7056
6936
8470
0.3
1741
3173
3348
3043
2750
2889
2651
2.7
Solar photovoltaic
1
46
347
2015
2251
2758
2758
51.7
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
109
2624
2946
2949
3788
-
Total electricity1 Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
90-09
-
-
97
425
472
602
623
-
903
1401
2352
3418
3418
3418
3418
7.3
904
1402
2354
3419
3419
3419
3419
7.3
8713
9785
10410
15670
15076
13990
14294
2.5
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
108097
107024
115834
114848
113836
112154
..
0.2
95835
91216
96817
84234
83504
82129
..
-0.8
6530
9098
9564
10225
7056
6936
..
0.3
1741
3173
3348
3043
2750
2889
..
2.7
Solar photovoltaic
1
46
347
2015
2251
2758
..
51.7
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
109
2624
2946
2949
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
97
425
472
602
..
-
903
1401
2352
3418
3418
3418
..
7.3
904
1402
2354
3419
3419
3419
..
7.3
8713
9785
10410
15670
15076
13990
..
2.5
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 317
JAPAN 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
1333
3666
5412
5478
5432
5273
3642
7.5
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
54
101
153
72
69
71
31
1.5
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1279
3565
5259
5406
5363
5202
3611
7.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal Industrial waste
Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
1333
3666
5412
5478
5432
5273
..
7.5
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
54
101
153
72
69
71
..
1.5
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1279
3565
5259
5406
5363
5202
..
7.7
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Heat only plants
Industrial waste
Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
318 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
JAPAN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
6467 6467 -5814 -653 75193 75193 -
Wind
254 254 -1 -253 2949 2949 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Geothermal
Solar PV
237 237 -237 2758 2758 -
e
e
e
e e
2686 2686 -2317 -167 202 202 115 87 2889 2889 -
Solar thermal
487 487 487 487 470 18 -
Industrial waste
302 -8 295 -111 -2 181 181 16 80 86 602 602 71 71
Mun. waste renew.
686 e 686 -264 e -422 e 3418 3418 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 319
JAPAN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
686 e 686 -264 e -422 e 3419 3419 -
Wood/ wood waste
4769 4769 -516 -2082 -28 e 2143 2132 2132 11 11 13990 13990 -
Charcoal
11 11 11 11 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
139 139 -139 5202 5202
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
-
Total renew. & waste sources
16713 -8 16706 -9176 -4347 -141 -17 3024 2313 16 80 2218 711 492 133 87 105218 105218 5273 5273
Share in total energy sources
17.8% x 3.5% x x x x 1.0% 2.8% 0.1% 1.0% 29.2% 0.6% 1.1% 0.2% 4.6% 10.1% 10.1% 22.4% 22.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
320 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
65986 65986 62679 3307 3307
122928 122928 114221 8707 8707
129777 129777 120526 9251 9251
118114 118114 109574 8540 8540
107448 107448 -1 98991 8456 8456
112474 112474 104018 8456 8456
103515 103515 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.8 2.8 x 2.7 5.1 5.1
48893 48893 48893 48893
42112 42112 42112 42112
33823 33823 33823 33823
21335 21335 21335 21335
20406 20406 20406 20406
20406 20406 20406 20406
17175 17175 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-4.5 -4.5 -4.5 -4.5
80 80 80 -
123 123 123 -
7380 2 7382 987 6395 6395 -
12035 -234 11801 3441 8360 8360 -
11716 111 11827 3774 8053 8053 -
12651 -315 12336 4739 7597 7597 -
12456 12456 .. .. .. .. .. ..
30.5 x 30.4 24.0 -
8219 e 8219 e 8219 e -
12669 e 12669 e 12669 e -
29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -
29030 e 29030 e 29030 e -
28727 e 28727 e 28727 e -
28727 28727 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.8 6.8 6.8 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
20468 e 20468 e 20468 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 321
JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
12670 e 12670 e 12670 e -
20466 e 20466 e 20466 e -
29274 e 29274 e 29274 e -
29030 e 29030 e 29030 e -
28728 e 28728 e 28728 e -
2010e
90-09
28728 28728 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.8 6.8 6.8 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
8220 e 8220 e 8220 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
190009 190009 81175 108834 105604 3230
187423 187423 89401 98022 95857 2165
190959 190959 86603 104356 103135 1221
232172 232172 125674 106498 106058 440
218272 218272 119890 98382 97911 471
199714 199714 109967 89747 89276 471
186507 186507 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.3 0.3 1.6 -1.0 -0.9 -9.6
400 400 400 -
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
322 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
JAPAN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1841 1841 1841 -
4039 4039 4039 -
5516 5516 5516 -
5573 5573 5573 -
5946 5946 5946 -
5825 5825 5825 -
3868 3868 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.2 6.2 6.2 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
35 35 35 35
31 31 31 31
25 25 25 25
17 17 17 17
16 16 16 16
16 16 16 16
15 15 .. .. .. ..
-4.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.0
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 323
KOREA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
324 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
KOREA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (2.9%)
Oil (53.4%)
Other* (0.3%) Nuclear (14.8%) Biofuels and renewable waste (44.7%)
Renewables (1.1%)
Coal (27.5%)
Hydro (54.4%)
Other** (1.0%)
Biogases (3.9%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (95.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (0.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
93 Mtoe
1.01 Mtoe
0.45 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (15.2%)
Other* (0.9%) Nuclear (15.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (22.2%)
Hydro (18.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (68.4%)
Biogases (15.1%)
Renewables (0.7%)
Liquid biofuels (25.9%) Coal (29.4%)
Oil (38.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (36.9%)
Other** (13.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
247 Mtoe
1.71 Mtoe
1.17 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 325
KOREA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
93.09 1.01
144.76 0.43
188.08 0.76
222.15 1.32
226.95 1.35
229.18 1.50
246.52 1.71
4.9 2.1 -2.6
1.1
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
283.33
414.21
533.38
734.48
751.36
752.83
799.22
5.3
0.33
0.35
0.35
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
-0.4 -0.4
93
99
100
86
86
86
87
42.87
45.09
47.01
48.46
48.61
48.75
48.80
0.7
2.17
3.21
4.00
4.58
4.67
4.70
5.05
4.1
105.4
181.1
288.5
425.9
443.9
451.7
478.0
8.0
6.36
3.01
4.11
4.56
4.38
4.69
6.22
-1.6
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
6.0
1.7
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.3
-8.9
10.6
20.0
22.2
27.8
27.2
27.7
..
5.2
-
-
-
0.08
0.15
0.22
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 0.6 0.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09 5.5
Total capacity
2341
3245 e
3219 e
5906
6305
6531
..
Hydro
2340
3093
3149
5492
5505
5515
..
4.6
1000
1600
1600
3900
3900
3900
..
7.4
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
2
4
81
357
524
..
39.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
7
196
304
351
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
7
6
6
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
11 e
38
37
37
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
150 e
48 e
6
10
10
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
86
86
88
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
1257 e
1241
1266
1525
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
880 e
869
886
1068
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
326 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
KOREA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
6362
5730
5725
6061
6951
7607
9107
90-09 0.9
Hydro
6361
5478
5610
5042
5563
5641
6472
-0.6 -
-
2718
1600
1411
2493
2828
2790
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
2
5
70
285
566
1073
39.6
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
17
376
436
685
812
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
11
17
14
14
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
22
113
91
108
113
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
14
82
66
78
82
-
Solid biofuels
-
250
46
25
40
46
48
-
Biogases
-
-
11
342
453
469
493
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
6362
5730
5689
5835
6758
7393
..
0.8
Hydro
6361
5478
5610
5042
5563
5641
..
-0.6
-
2718
1600
1411
2493
2828
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
2
5
70
285
566
..
39.6
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
17
376
436
685
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
11
17
14
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
250
46
25
38
18
..
-
Biogases
-
-
11
311
419
469
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
36
226
193
214
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
22
113
91
108
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
14
82
66
78
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
2
28
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
31
34
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 327
KOREA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) 1990
1995
2000
Average annual percent change
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
10872
13827
14978
14978
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2012 e
5797
7365
7471
7471
-
1341 e
4179
5309
5386
5386
-
-
422
1333
1333
-
-
896
731
788
788
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3362
5220
3849
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
1589
2574
1462
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
1146
1855
1054
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
422
1333
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
627
369
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total heat
-
519 e
3353 e
Geothermal
-
-
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
311 e
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
208 e
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
CHP plants
of which:
Heat only plants
-
7510
8607
11129
..
-
Geothermal
-
519 e -
3353 e -
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
311 e
2012 e
4208
4791
6009
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
208 e
1341 e
3033
3454
4332
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
269
362
788
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
328 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
KOREA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
242 242 -242 2813 2813 -
Wind
59 59 -58 685 685 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
49 49 -44 -4 566 566 -
Geothermal
22 22 22 1 1 21 1 21 -
Solar thermal
31 31 31 30 22 8 -
Industrial waste
1613 1613 -3 1610 1596 112 124 18 588 16 5 243 5 485 14 14 14 14 -
Mun. waste renew.
384 384 -103 -143 138 138 138 108 108 7471 1462 6009
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 329
KOREA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
335 335 -74 -103 158 158 158 78 78 5386 1054 4332
Wood/ wood waste
298 21 319 -4 -51 265 138 82 37 19 127 24 103 46 18 28 1333 1333 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
128 128 -90 -7 -25 6 3 3 4 4 449 449 788 788
44 44 -3 41 41 41 12 12 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
7 7 -1 6 5 5 8 8 -
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
214 214 6 220 220 220 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
3426 21 3447 6 -435 -21 -228 -25 -246 2497 1743 112 127 18 588 16 5 330 37 5 505 220 220 533 47 487 4779 4565 214 14978 3849 11129
Share in total energy sources
7.7% 0.0% 1.5% x x x x x x 1.7% 4.4% 1.2% 1.9% 4.8% 10.8% 0.3% 0.3% 16.0% 13.2% 0.2% 18.2% 0.8% 0.8% 1.3% 0.3% 2.5% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6% 7.9% 2.2% 61.8%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
330 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
KOREA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
465 465 465 19 446
658 658 658 19 639
926 926 926 29 897
1414 1414 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
416 416 1 417 417
925 925 925 925
1745 1745 1745 1745
1229 1229 1229 16 1213
1174 1174 1174 9 1165
1284 1284 1284 19 1265
1245 1245 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.1 6.1 x 6.1 6.0
11663 11663 -72 11591 11426 165
32926 32926 -502 32424 32044 380
39228 39228 -174 39054 38833 221
65374 65374 104 65270 64862 408
71515 71515 -3 160 71352 70521 831
67543 67543 -1 128 67414 66836 578
72454 72454 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.7 9.7 x 9.7 9.7 6.8
14788 14788 9275 5513 5513
15533 15533 -1 10239 5293 5293
16070 16070 10304 5766 5766
18079 18079 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
27.5 27.5 x 20.8 20.8
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
160 160 160 160
e
e
e
e
766 766 -1 311 454 454
e
e e
e
e
4579 4579 1 2218 2362 2362
e
e e
e
e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 331
KOREA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
10660 10660 1 6686 3975 3975
13044 13044 7381 5663 5663
14032 14032 7428 6604 6604
13639 13639 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
29.3 29.3 x 24.2 24.2
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
107 107 107 107
e
e
e
e
510 510 1 208 303 303
e
e e
e
e
3053 3053 1479 1574 1574
e
e e
e
e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
16950 972 17922 17922 17922
4464 553 5017 1534 3483 3483
8253 1153 9406 433 8973 4518 4455
11747 1205 12952 236 12716 9421 3295
11151 1089 12240 1 919 11322 8374 2948
12499 877 13376 1 2293 11084 5769 5315
10136 743 10879 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-1.6 -0.5 -1.5 x -2.5 -6.2
-
-
-
4498 4498 4387 111 111 -
4940 4940 -1 4939 -
5372 5372 -10 5099 263 106 157
5067 5067 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
238 238 238 238
550 550 550 550
671 671 112 559 559
2979 2979 1 21 2959 2959
1691 1691 24 1667 1667
1837 1837 1 112 1726 1726
2001 2001 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.4 11.4 x 11.0 11.0
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
332 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
KOREA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
501 501 501 501 -
813 813 813 813 -
821 821 821 821 -
435 435 19 416 294 122
236 236 34 202 202 -
301 301 69 232 222 10
328 328 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-2.6 -2.6 -4.0 -4.2 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
90000 -3000 87000 87000 87000
163823 177 164000 164000 164000
234416 -416 234000 7000 241000 241000
329531 2469 332000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 333
LUXEMBOURG
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
334 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
LUXEMBOURG Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (12.6%)
Oil (43.4%)
Other* (10.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (100.0%)
Hydro (33.1%)
Renewables (0.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (66.9%)
Coal (33.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
3 Mtoe
0.02 Mtoe
0.01 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (28.4%)
Other* (8.9%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (35.0%) Biogases (12.4%)
Renewables (2.9%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (86.4%) Hydro (7.7%)
Coal (1.8%)
Oil (58.0%)
Other** (5.9%)
Liquid biofuels (38.7%)
Renew. mun. waste (13.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
4 Mtoe
0.12 Mtoe
0.10 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 335
LUXEMBOURG 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
3.41 0.02
3.15 0.03
3.28 0.04
4.19 0.11
4.19 0.12
3.95 0.12
4.20 0.12
0.8 10.5 9.7
0.5
1.1
1.2
2.6
2.9
3.1
2.9
12.40
15.05
20.27
27.07
27.46
26.46
27.39
4.1
0.28
0.21
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
-3.2 -3.2
170
129
100
96
94
92
95
Population (millions)
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
1.4
TPES/population (toe per capita)
8.93
7.70
7.53
8.72
8.58
7.95
8.31
-0.6
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
0.6
0.5
0.4
3.2
2.7
3.2
3.2
8.9
0.08
0.11
0.17
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.27
6.4
13.3
22.0
40.8
8.3
10.4
8.5
8.2
-2.3
0.9
1.1
1.6
2.2
2.2
2.0
..
4.6
-
-
-
0.04
0.04
0.04
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 1.6 1.7 2.0 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
1139
1139
1155
1207
1218
1219
..
0.4
Hydro
1133
1133
1133
1134
1134
1134
..
0.0
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
24
25
25
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
14
35
43
43
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
6
6
8
8
8
8
..
1.5
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
6
8
9
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
13
17
20
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
9
12
14
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
336 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
LUXEMBOURG 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
857
884
954
1107
1156
1035
1673
1.0
Hydro
823
831
871
919
965
833
1468
0.1 -0.2
753
743
747
802
833
727
1360
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
21
20
20
20
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
27
64
61
63
55
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
13
19
18
26
26
26
28
3.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
21
34
34
40
40
40
47
3.4
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
4
37
44
53
55
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
857
884
950
1070
1112
982
..
0.7
Hydro
823
831
871
919
965
833
..
0.1
753
743
747
802
833
727
..
-0.2
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
21
20
20
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
27
64
61
63
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
13
19
18
26
26
26
..
3.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
21
34
34
40
40
40
..
3.4
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
4
37
44
53
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
4
37
44
53
..
Industrial waste
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 337
LUXEMBOURG 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
24
201
241
292
304
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
2
23
28
33
33
-
Biogases
-
-
22
178
213
259
271
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
22
178
213
259
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
22
178
213
259
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
2
23
28
33
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
2
23
28
33
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
338 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
LUXEMBOURG 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
9 9 -9 -1 106 106 -
Wind
5 5 -5 63 63 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
2 2 -2 20 20 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
1 1 1 1 1 -
-
Mun. waste renew.
17 17 -17 26 26 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 339
LUXEMBOURG 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
26 26 -26 40 40 -
Wood/ wood waste
34 34 -1 33 18 18 15 15 33 33
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
1 1 -
1 1 -1 6 6 28 28 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
11 11 -11 47 47 230 230 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
40 40 40 40 40 -
1 1 1 1 1 -
Total renew. & waste sources
106 42 148 -57 -3 -12 -1 76 18 18 42 42 16 16 308 255 53 292 259 33
Share in total energy sources
99.9% 0.9% 3.8% x x x x 2.1% 3.0% 92.2% 2.0% 2.1% 1.7% 2.9% 9.8% 9.2% 13.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
340 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
17 17 17 17
22 22 22 22
22 22 22 22
26 26 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
510 510 510 -
473 473 473 -
407 407 407 -
526 526 526 -
535 535 535 -
705 705 705 -
604 604 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.7 1.7 1.7 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 341
LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
412 412 412 -
769 769 769 -
806 806 806 -
821 821 821 -
1080 1080 1080 -
993 993 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.8 4.8 4.8 -
-
645 645 645 645
634 634 2 632 632
1530 1530 27 1503 918 585
1668 1668 33 1635 980 655
1439 1439 38 1401 755 646
1530 1530 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 2 2 -
2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
30 30 30 -
46 46 46 -
52 52 52 -
57 57 57 -
50 50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
444 444 444 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
342 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
LUXEMBOURG 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
19 19 19 -
15 15 15 -
310 310 310 -
375 375 375 -
459 459 459 -
490 490 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
38000 38000 38000 38000
41000 41000 41000 41000
45000 45000 45000 45000
45000 45000 .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
518 518 518 518 -
562 562 562 562 -
589 589 589 589 -
383 383 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 343
MEXICO
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
344 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
MEXICO Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (18.9%)
Other* (-0.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (13.5%)
Nuclear (0.6%) Renewables (12.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (57.0%)
Coal (2.8%)
Oil (65.5%)
Other** (29.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
122 Mtoe
14.99 Mtoe
8.55 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (29.2%)
Hydro (18.3%)
Nuclear (0.9%)
Biogases (0.7%)
Renewables (10.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (47.9%)
Coal (5.0%)
Oil (54.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.3%)
Other** (33.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
170 Mtoe
17.49 Mtoe
8.38 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 60 50
TWh
40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 345
MEXICO 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
122.49 14.99
129.80 16.07
145.12 16.91
175.94 17.53
181.09 18.25
174.64 16.69
169.83 17.49
1.9 0.6 -1.3
12.2
12.4
11.7
10.0
10.1
9.6
10.3
452.56
488.23
636.73
759.05
770.64
724.35
764.19
2.5
0.27
0.27
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.22
-0.6 -0.6
119
117
100
102
103
106
98
81.25
91.12
98.26
105.68
106.57
107.44
108.32
1.5
1.51
1.42
1.48
1.66
1.70
1.63
1.57
0.4
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
115.8
152.2
204.2
257.2
261.9
261.0
268.4
4.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
28.60
36.01
40.73
37.31
48.98
36.78
46.85
1.3
24.7
23.7
19.9
14.5
18.7
14.1
17.5
-2.9
27.4
29.3
34.2
48.0
50.2
49.2
..
3.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
8541
10450
10868
13147
13052
13490
..
2.4
Hydro
7838
9362
9653
11577
11471
11530
..
2.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
700
753
855
960
965
964
..
1.7
Solar photovoltaic
-
9
14
19
19
25
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
3
5
17
101
101
475
..
30.5
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
321
321
473
473
473
..
-
Biogases
-
-
8
17
23
23
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
373
994
1160
1393
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
261
696
812
975
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
346 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
MEXICO 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
28604
36007
40732
37314
48982
36779
46852
1.3
Hydro
23478
27528
33133
27276
39178
26713
37106
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5124
5669
5901
7404
7056
6740
6618
1.5
Solar photovoltaic
1
5
7
9
9
12
12
14.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
7
19
262
269
596
398
40.0
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
2798
1655
2313
2403
2627
2627
-
Biogases
-
-
17
50
67
91
91
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
28604
36007
40732
37314
48982
36779
..
1.3
Hydro
23478
27528
33133
27276
39178
26713
..
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5124
5669
5901
7404
7056
6740
..
1.5
Solar photovoltaic
1
5
7
9
9
12
..
14.0
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
7
19
262
269
596
..
40.0
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
2798
1655
2313
2403
2627
..
-
Biogases
-
-
17
50
67
91
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 347
MEXICO 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
348 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
MEXICO 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
2297 2297 -2274 -23 26713 26713 -
Wind
51 51 -21 -30 596 596 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
1 1 -1 12 12 -
Geothermal
5794 5794 -5794 6740 6740 -
Solar thermal
161 161 161 7 7 154 92 62 -
Industrial waste
-
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 349
MEXICO 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
8344 8344 -1091 7252 1027 948 80 6225 6225 2627 2627 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
39 39 -39 91 91 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
-
-
Total renew. & waste sources
16687 16687 -8089 -1184 7413 1034 948 87 6379 6317 62 36779 36779 -
Share in total energy sources
7.6% 9.6% x x 6.7% 4.0% 51.3% 0.9% 24.6% 35.7% 1.7% 14.1% 14.1% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
350 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
184464 184464 184464 -
204084 204084 204084 -
212436 212436 212436 -
266544 266544 266544 -
254016 254016 254016 -
242640 242640 242640 -
238248 238248 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.5 1.5 1.5 -
727 727 727 34 693
1060 1060 1060 49 1011
1822 1822 1822 85 1737
4557 4557 4557 212 4345
5617 5617 5617 261 5356
6753 6753 6753 314 6439
8099 8099 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 351
MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
358132 358132 -1 358131 81669 276462
368640 368640 38064 330576 51239 279337
373986 373986 1 31321 342666 57690 284976
362799 362799 46109 316690 53452 263238
361183 361183 42159 319024 56975 262049
349404 349404 45701 303703 43025 260678
348461 348461 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-0.1 -0.1 x -0.9 -3.3 -0.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
357 357 357 -
1048 1048 1048 -
1184 1184 1184 -
1633 1633 1633 -
2296 2296 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
352 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
MEXICO 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 353
NETHERLANDS
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
354 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NETHERLANDS Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (46.9%)
Other* (1.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (48.6%)
Nuclear (1.4%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (98.1%)
Renewables (1.1%)
Hydro (1.0%)
Coal (13.6%)
Oil (35.4%)
Biogases (7.8%)
Renew. mun. waste (43.6%)
Other** (0.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
66 Mtoe
0.74 Mtoe
0.72 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (47.0%)
Other* (1.2%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (87.0%)
Nuclear (1.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (53.0%) Biogases (10.8%)
Renewables (3.6%)
Liquid biofuels (5.8%)
Coal (9.5%)
Oil (37.4%)
Hydro (0.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (30.5%)
Other** (12.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
83 Mtoe
2.99 Mtoe
2.61 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 14 12
TWh
10 8 6 4 2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 355
NETHERLANDS 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
65.69 0.74
70.75 0.88
73.22 1.25
79.35 2.40
79.55 2.79
78.17 3.15
83.33 2.99
0.9 7.9 7.0
1.1
1.2
1.7
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.6
281.96
315.81
385.08
441.79
450.10
432.48
440.12
2.3
0.23
0.22
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
-1.3 -1.3
123
118
100
94
93
95
100
14.95
15.46
15.92
16.38
16.44
16.53
16.65
0.5
4.39
4.58
4.60
4.84
4.84
4.73
5.01
0.4
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
71.9
80.9
89.6
105.2
107.6
113.5
114.7
2.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
0.81
1.40
2.97
7.58
9.53
10.84
11.13
14.7
1.1
1.7
3.3
7.2
8.9
9.5
9.7
11.9
8.4
9.4
10.4
11.5
11.6
11.1
..
1.5
-
-
-
0.33
0.29
0.37
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 2.9 2.5 3.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
Total capacity
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
309
622
1021
2824
3444
3538
..
13.7
37
37
37
37
37
37
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Hydro of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
2
13
53
57
68
..
24.9
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
250
447
1748
2149
2222
..
22.1
Wind Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
196
277
394
506
506
546
..
5.5
Solid biofuels Biogases
6
6
72
324
405
462
..
25.7
19
50
58
124
167
186
..
12.8
-
-
-
32
123
17
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
76
162
360
673
704
761
..
12.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
53
113
252
471
493
533
..
12.9
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
356 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NETHERLANDS 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change Total electricity1 Hydro
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1199
2005
4182
9093
10996
12347
12792
13.1
85
88
142
107
102
98
105
0.8 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
8
35
38
46
50
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
56
317
829
3438
4260
4581
3995
26.1
of which: pumped storage
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
539
703
1272
1395
1408
1573
1731
5.8
Municipal waste non-renew.
394
601
1209
1512
1466
1511
1662
7.3
Solid biofuels
34
41
435
1970
2563
3550
4222
27.7
Biogases
91
254
287
512
734
914
973
12.9
-
-
-
124
425
74
54
-
141
1296
3011
5313
6865
7437
..
23.2
85
88
142
107
102
98
..
0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
8
35
38
46
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
Liquid biofuels
of which: Electricity only plants Hydro of which: pumped storage
Tide, wave, ocean Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
56
317
829
3438
4260
4581
..
26.1
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
425
834
371
357
404
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
363
793
402
372
388
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
291
735
1228
1764
..
-
Biogases
-
102
114
101
83
82
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
124
425
74
..
-
CHP plants
1058
709
1171
3780
4131
4910
..
8.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
539
278
438
1024
1051
1169
..
4.2
Municipal waste non-renew.
394
238
416
1110
1094
1123
..
5.7
Solid biofuels
34
41
144
1235
1335
1786
..
23.2
Biogases
91
152
173
411
651
832
..
12.4
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 357
NETHERLANDS 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
3377
2918
6344
9517
9888
11679
12556
6.7
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
1806
1358
3126
3839
4066
5007
5454
5.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
1318
1161
2971
4159
4232
4810
5240
7.1
233
248
203
1447
1484
1639
1639
10.8
20
151
44
72
106
223
223
13.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
3377
2814
1610
4277
4282
4989
..
2.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
1806
1302
699
1324
1319
1595
..
-0.7
Municipal waste non-renew.
1318
1113
664
1434
1373
1532
..
0.8
233
248
203
1447
1484
1639
..
10.8
20
151
44
72
106
223
..
13.5
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
Solid biofuels Biogases Heat only plants
-
104
4734
5240
5606
6690
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
56
2427
2515
2747
3412
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
48
2307
2725
2859
3278
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
358 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NETHERLANDS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
8 8 -8 98 98 -
Wind
394 394 -315 -79 4581 4581 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
4 4 -4 46 46 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
3 3 3 3 3 -
22 22 22 22 20 3 -
Industrial waste
-
Mun. waste renew.
775 775 -176 -483 -116 1573 404 1169 5007 1595 3412
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 359
NETHERLANDS 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
744 744 -169 -464 -112 1511 388 1123 4810 1532 3278
Wood/ wood waste
1004 479 -233 1250 -304 -152 -386 -9 400 76 24 2 50 324 292 10 22 3550 1764 1786 1639 1639 -
Charcoal
33 -31 2 4 6 6 6 -
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
39 39 -8 -17 -2 -3 -9 99 82 17 66 66 -
49 49 -18 31 31 31 150 150 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
180 180 -20 -98 61 21 2 15 4 40 3 37 665 665 157 157 -
147 -8 138 138 138 138 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
242 50 -55 -3 235 235 235 235 -
48 48 -16 31 31 31 74 74 -
Total renew. & waste sources
3512 709 -319 -11 3891 -635 -613 -408 -1066 -228 -5 -9 927 128 2 15 4 24 2 81 373 373 426 318 47 62 12347 7437 4910 11679 4989 6690
Share in total energy sources
5.6% 0.4% 0.2% x 5.0% x x x x x x x 1.5% 1.1% 0.0% 0.8% 0.6% 34.3% 0.8% 22.0% 3.3% 3.4% 1.9% 3.1% 0.5% 1.9% 10.9% 14.1% 8.1% 8.3% 4.0% 40.1%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
360 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
96 96 96 96
142 142 142 142
318 318 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
87 87 87 87
193 193 193 193
446 446 446 446
823 823 823 823
858 858 858 858
932 932 932 932
981 981 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
13205 13205 13205 -
15450 15450 15450 -
25512 25512 25512 -
27845 27845 27845 -
30549 30549 30549 -
32441 32441 32441 -
33252 33252 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.8 4.8 4.8 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 361
NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
13204 13204 13204 -
24255 24255 24255 -
30165 30165 30165 -
31797 31797 31797 -
31168 31168 31168 -
31947 31947 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.4 6.4 6.4 -
14589 14589 740 13849 1316 12533
14905 14905 810 14095 1747 12348
21699 -4232 17467 5448 12019 2043 9976
35374 -93 35281 18911 16370 3243 13127
40234 2582 42816 26194 16622 3241 13381
42034 10318 52352 35610 16742 3178 13564
42076 15613 57689 .. .. .. .. .. ..
5.7 7.0 22.6 1.0 4.7 0.4
392 392 392 -
2238 2238 2238 -
2314 2314 2314 -
1909 1909 1909 -
1858 1858 1858 -
1641 1641 1641 -
1477 1477 .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.8 7.8 7.8 -
1516 1516 373 1143 1143
1834 1834 555 1279 1279
1925 1925 563 1362 1362
1998 1998 780 1218 1218
2045 2045 783 1262 1262
2046 2046 767 1279 1279
2046 2046 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.6 1.6 3.9 0.6 0.6
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
9635 9635 9635 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
362 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NETHERLANDS 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
468 468 22 446 351 95
826 826 34 792 635 157
974 974 77 897 740 157
3347 3347 1863 1484 974 510
5547 5547 3468 2079 1037 1042
7528 7528 4958 2570 892 1678
8215 8215 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
15.7 15.7 33.0 9.7 5.0 16.3
-
-
-
10472 146169 -24641 132000 132000 132000
6732 152719 3549 163000 163000 163000
225591 -12591 213000 213000 213000
c 43000 7000 50000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
85000 248746 -59746 274000 274000 e 274000
83000 235245 -115245 203000 203000 203000
274000 -4861 -3139 266000 266000 266000
382000 -339000 64000 107000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
43597 23364 66961 30607 36354 36354 -
50110 91370 141480 103754 37726 37726 -
56077 56077 19392 36685 36685 -
29017 29017 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
5 4 9 9 9
5 4 9 9 9
6 3 9 9 9
6 3 9 9 9
6 3 9 9 9
6 3 9 9 9
6 3 9 .. .. .. ..
1.0 -1.5 -
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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NEW ZEALAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
364 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NEW ZEALAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (0.3%)
Renewables (32.7%)
Natural Gas (30.2%)
Hydro (47.5%)
Biogases (5.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (17.4%)
Coal (9.1%)
Oil (27.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (94.9%)
Other** (35.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
13 Mtoe
4.20 Mtoe
0.73 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (0.2%)
Renewables (38.5%)
Natural Gas (19.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (16.7%)
Hydro (30.1%)
Biogases (5.8%) Liquid biofuels (0.3%)
Coal (8.5%)
Oil (33.2%)
Other** (53.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (93.9%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
18 Mtoe
7.06 Mtoe
1.18 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30
TWh
25 20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 365
NEW ZEALAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
12.83 4.20
14.93 4.82
16.82 4.98
16.91 5.43
17.26 5.75
17.40 6.28
18.31 7.06
1.6 2.1 0.5
32.7
32.3
29.6
32.1
33.3
36.1
38.5
39.71
46.16
53.39
67.68
66.96
67.48
69.17
2.8
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
-1.2
102
103
100
79
82
82
84
-1.2
Population (millions)
3.37
3.69
3.87
4.24
4.28
4.33
4.37
1.3
TPES/population (toe per capita)
3.80
4.05
4.35
3.99
4.03
4.02
4.19
0.3
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
32.3
36.0
39.2
43.8
43.9
43.5
44.8
1.6
25.81
30.24
28.06
28.69
28.17
31.14
32.85
1.0
80.0
84.0
71.5
65.6
64.3
71.6
73.3
-0.6
2.5
3.1
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.1
..
2.5
-
-
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.0 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
4956
5621
5732
6237
6409
6622
..
1.5
Hydro
4619
5259
5193
5348
5376
5378
..
0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
261
275
418
451
593
633
..
4.8
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
36
320
321
496
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
57
63
68
81
81
77
..
1.6
Biogases
3.7
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
19
24
17
37
38
38
..
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
120
128
128
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
84
90
90
..
-
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
366 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NEW ZEALAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
25814
30239
28062
28688
28174
31139
32846
1.0
Hydro
23183
27532
24433
23638
22346
24220
24715
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2131
2161
2922
3555
4204
4863
5884
4.4
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
120
929
1057
1471
1634
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
360
360
478
336
347
368
371
0.1
Biogases
140
185
109
230
220
217
242
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
25284
29699
27509
28229
27707
30649
..
1.0
Hydro
23183
27532
24433
23638
22346
24220
..
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2074
2104
2880
3503
4152
4809
..
4.5
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
120
929
1057
1471
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
62
76
159
152
149
..
9.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
530
540
553
459
467
490
..
-0.4
Geothermal
57
57
42
52
52
54
..
-0.3
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
360
360
478
336
347
368
..
0.1
Biogases
113
123
33
71
68
68
..
-2.6
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Biogases Liquid biofuels
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 367
NEW ZEALAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
368 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NEW ZEALAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
2083 2083 -2082 -1 24220 24220 -
Wind
127 127 -127 1471 1471 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
2964 2964 -2698 -31 235 151 151 84 7 60 17 4863 4809 54 -
Solar thermal
Industrial waste
8 8 8 8 8 -
-
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 369
NEW ZEALAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
1030 1030 -92 938 795 795 143 143 368 368 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
39 39 -30 -8 151 149 2 -
23 23 -17 6 6 6 66 66 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
1 1 1 1 1 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1 1 1 1 1 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
6276 6276 -4937 -9 -140 1189 946 151 795 2 2 241 158 66 17 31139 30649 490 -
Share in total energy sources
41.3% 36.1% x x x 9.5% 25.0% 38.9% 81.3% 0.0% 0.1% 7.3% 10.6% 5.8% 3.3% 71.6% 75.0% 18.6% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
370 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
61811 61811 54714 7097 4631 2466
62357 62357 54874 7483 5048 2435
76729 76729 68604 8125 5712 2413
90644 90644 81087 9557 6088 3469
107162 107162 97538 9624 6093 3531
124103 124103 114267 9836 6307 3529
151056 151056 .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.7 3.7 4.0 1.7 1.6 1.9
-
-
-
300 300 300 300
320 320 320 320
340 340 340 340
360 360 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 371
NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
28950 28950 4059 24891 18573 6318
38205 38205 4059 34146 27828 6318
42161 42161 5162 36999 30692 6307
45348 45348 3427 41921 35813 6108
46267 46267 3546 42721 36662 6059
43149 43149 3858 39291 33310 5981
46280 46280 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.1 2.1 -0.3 2.4 3.1 -0.3
288 288 288 -
668 668 668 -
830 830 830 -
1727 1727 1727 -
1659 1659 1659 -
1636 1636 1636 -
1828 1828 .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.6 9.6 9.6 -
1271 1271 1229 42 42
1387 1387 1331 56 56
499 499 363 136 136
1013 1013 760 253 253
972 972 719 253 253
973 973 720 253 253
1048 1048 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-1.4 -1.4 -2.8 9.9 9.9
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
372 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NEW ZEALAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
1000 2000 3000 3000 3000
2000 2000 2000 2000
2562 1438 4000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000
1108 -108 1000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 373
NORWAY
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
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374 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NORWAY Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (-6.2%) Natural Gas (9.4%)
Renewables (54.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (94.5%)
Hydro (91.4%)
Coal (4.1%)
Oil (38.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (5.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (8.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
21 Mtoe
11.40 Mtoe
0.98 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (2.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (81.3%)
Hydro (87.6%)
Natural Gas (17.7%)
Renewables (37.3%)
Liquid biofuels (8.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (11.8%)
Coal (2.7%)
Oil (39.7%)
Biogases (1.8%)
Other** (0.7%)
Renew. mun. waste (8.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
31 Mtoe
11.54 Mtoe
1.36 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 160 140 120 TWh
100 80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 375
NORWAY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
21.00 11.40
23.42 11.52
25.87 13.24
27.55 12.81
29.80 13.36
28.24 12.24
30.94 11.54
1.6 0.4 -1.2
54.3
49.2
51.2
46.5
44.8
43.3
37.3
116.97
140.45
168.29
197.32
198.80
195.96
196.84
2.8
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.16
-1.1
117
109
100
91
98
94
102
-1.1
Population (millions)
4.24
4.36
4.49
4.71
4.77
4.83
4.84
0.7
TPES/population (toe per capita)
4.95
5.37
5.76
5.85
6.25
5.85
6.39
0.9
121.6
122.1
139.6
136.1
141.2
132.0
124.1
0.4
121.36
121.64
139.20
134.93
140.33
127.45
118.79
0.3
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.1
99.4
96.6
95.8
-0.2
2.6
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.4
..
1.4
-
-
-
0.03
0.08
0.09
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.8 2.3 2.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
26951
28183
28206 e
29542
29946
30106
..
0.6
Hydro
26884
28052
28126
29103
29413
29541
..
0.5
1067
673
1360
1351
1353
..
1.3
of which: pumped storage
1465 e
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
5
6
8 e
8 e
8
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
3
13
395
423
..
-
322 e
Industrial waste
-
-
-
5
..
-
Municipal waste
26 e
26 e
26 e
25
5 e
31
5 e
35
..
1.6
Solid biofuels
41 e
97 e
35 e
79 e
79 e
79
..
3.5
Biogases
-
-
-
-
15
15
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
13 e
14 e
14
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
9 e
10 e
10
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
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NORWAY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
121624
122622
139703
136081
141360
128336
119271
0.3
Hydro
121382
122299
139386
134736
139983
127070
117942
0.2
237
956
471
1080
968
828
406
6.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
10
31
892
913
981
895
-
of which: pumped storage
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
11
10
6
11
-
29
24
30
59
58
50
65
2.9
29
24
30
56
57
50
65
2.9
184
265
226
314
322
166
278
-0.5
Biogases
-
-
-
13
17
13
15
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
121566
122574
139643
135966
141245
128236
..
0.3
Hydro
121382
122299
139386
134736
139983
127070
..
0.2
237
956
471
1080
968
828
..
6.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
10
31
892
913
981
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
11
10
6
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
184
265
226
314
322
166
..
-0.5
Biogases
-
-
-
13
17
13
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
58
48
60
115
115
100
..
2.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
29
24
30
59
58
50
..
2.9
Municipal waste non-renew.
29
24
30
56
57
50
..
2.9
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 377
NORWAY 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ) 1990 Total heat
3669 e
Average annual percent change
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4132
4518
7870
8585
9175
9175
4.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
150
467
538
546
625
625
3.3
Municipal waste renew.
1798 e
1957 e
1939 e
2933
3239
3324
3324
Municipal waste non-renew.
1798 e
1957 e
1940 e
2929
3240
3324
3324
3.3
73 e
58
160
1468
1553
1891
1891
18.7
Biogases
-
10
12
2
7
11
11
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
1421
1876
1777
2988
3302
2520
..
3.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
711 e
938 e
888 e
1496
1651
1260
..
3.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
Solid biofuels
of which:
710 e
938 e
889 e
1492
1651
1260
..
3.1
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2256
2741
4882
5283
6655
..
5.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
150
467
538
546
625
..
3.4
Heat only plants
2248 e
Municipal waste renew.
1087 e
1019 e
1051 e
1437
1588
2064
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
1088 e
1019 e
1051 e
1437
1589
2064
..
3.4
73 e
58
160
1468
1553
1891
..
18.7
-
10
12
2
7
11
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Solid biofuels Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990 Total heat Heat pumps(1) (-) Input to heat pumps Other sources (2)
740 e 56 25 709 e
1995
2000
560 e
397 e
184
309
2007
2008
2009
2010e
1061
1101
899
899
90-09 1.0
872
1185
1355
1355
18.3
115
130
378
461
504
504
17.1
491 e
218 e
567
377
48
48
-13.2
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
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378 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NORWAY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
10857 10857 -10516 -341 126242 126242 -
Wind
84 84 -84 981 981 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
16 16 -1 -15 6 6 625 625
Mun. waste renew.
114 114 -38 -58 18 18 18 50 50 3324 1260 2064
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 379
NORWAY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
115 115 -39 -58 18 18 18 50 50 3324 1260 2064
Wood/ wood waste
1042 23 -2 1064 -21 -65 -3 975 327 6 9 4 232 69 4 2 648 631 14 3 166 166 1891 1891
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
25 25 -3 -7 15 15 15 13 13 11 11
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
92 92 92 92 92 -
2 2 2 2 2 -
Total renew. & waste sources
12253 117 -2 12369 -10603 -363 -77 -196 -3 -7 1120 363 6 9 40 232 69 4 2 94 94 663 631 29 3 127508 127408 100 9175 2520 6655
Share in total energy sources
5.7% 1.7% 43.8% x x x x x x 5.6% 6.5% 1.1% 0.7% 14.7% 30.9% 50.5% 1.7% 3.8% 2.0% 2.8% 8.9% 15.8% 1.1% 0.9% 96.6% 96.7% 69.9% 57.5% 89.1% 50.7%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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380 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
150 150 150 -
467 467 467 -
651 651 651 -
649 649 649 -
685 685 685 -
685 685 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
2402 e 2402 e 2402 e -
2688 2688 2489 e 199 199 -
4272 4272 3624 648 648 -
4574 4574 3837 737 737 -
4776 4776 4028 748 748 -
4684 4684 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.0 4.0 3.1 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
2258 e 2258 e 2258 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
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NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4213 4213 3565 648 648 -
4575 4575 3837 738 738 -
4817 4817 4068 749 749 -
4684 4684 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
4.1 4.1 3.1 -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
2257 e 2257 e 2257 e -
2401 e 2401 e 2401 e -
2690 2690 2489 e 201 201 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
38669 38669 e 1072 e 37597 15977 21620
42043 90 42133 1442 40691 17490 23201
50008 207 50215 1459 48756 24603 24153
43870 1397 45267 3793 41474 16681 24793
45319 1304 46623 4223 42400 16560 25840
43650 893 44543 3713 40830 13704 27126
45384 893 46277 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.6 0.7 6.8 0.4 -0.8 1.2
-
663 663 12 651 651
1078 1078 14 1064 1064
1041 1041 89 421 531 531
1137 1137 164 271 702 702
1037 1037 133 295 609 609
1037 1037 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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382 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
NORWAY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15578 -7578 8000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
31295 -295 31000 31000 31000
87586 414 88000 88000 88000
105493 -493 105000 105000 105000
125835 165 126000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
3226 3226 3226 3226 -
3583 3583 3583 3583 -
2230 2230 2230 2230 -
1059 1059 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 383
POLAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
384 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
POLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Oil (12.6%)
Natural Gas (8.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (99.4%)
Other* (0.7%)
Renewables (1.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (92.3%)
Biogases (0.6%)
Hydro (7.7%) Coal (76.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
103 Mtoe
1.58 Mtoe
1.46 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (12.6%)
Oil (24.8%)
Other* (0.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (84.8%)
Biogases (1.6%) Liquid biofuels (13.5%)
Renewables (6.9%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (94.2%) Hydro (3.6%) Coal (55.1%)
Other** (2.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
102 Mtoe
7.02 Mtoe
6.62 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 14 12
TWh
10 8 6 4 2 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 385
POLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
103.10 1.58
99.47 3.92
89.12 3.80
96.71 4.82
97.88 5.56
93.99 6.27
101.71 7.02
-0.5 7.5 8.0
1.5
3.9
4.3
5.0
5.7
6.7
6.9
118.17
131.59
171.28
226.15
237.74
241.67
250.89
3.8
0.87
0.76
0.52
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.41
-4.2 -4.2
168
145
100
82
79
75
78
38.03
38.28
38.26
38.12
38.12
38.15
38.12
0.0
2.71
2.60
2.33
2.54
2.57
2.46
2.67
-0.5
134.4
137.0
143.2
158.8
154.7
151.1
157.0
0.6
1.47
1.96
2.33
5.43
6.61
8.68
10.78
9.8
1.1
1.4
1.6
3.4
4.3
5.7
6.9
9.1
6.0
7.2
8.9
13.9
14.9
15.3
..
5.1
-
-
-
0.11
0.44
0.66
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.8 3.0 4.3 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
1977
2048
2199
2710
2956
3160
..
2.5
Hydro
1977
2047
2183
2328
2335
2338
..
0.9
1205
1366
1366
1406
1406
1406
..
0.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
4
306
526
709
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
3
3
3
3
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
33
40
42
..
-
Biogases
-
1
9
40
52
68
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
236
365
510
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
165
256
357
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
386 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
POLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
3571
4216
4673
6248
7409
9514
11595
90-09 5.3
Hydro
3313
3851
4116
2939
2747
2974
3484
-0.6
1896
1964
2010
587
595
599
568
-5.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
5
522
837
1077
1655
0.6
of which: pumped storage
203
297
331
232
197
227
233
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
11
9
10
-
55
54
190
2360
3366
4904
5834
26.7
Biogases
-
13
31
195
251
320
378
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
-
Electricity only plants
3313
3865
4152
3461
3584
4051
..
1.1
Hydro
3313
3851
4116
2939
2747
2974
..
-0.6
1896
1964
2010
587
595
599
..
-5.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
1
5
522
837
1077
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
13
31
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
258
351
521
2787
3825
5463
..
17.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
203
297
331
232
197
227
..
0.6 -
Industrial waste
Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
11
9
..
-
55
54
190
2360
3366
4904
..
26.7
-
-
-
195
251
320
..
-
Solid biofuels Biogases
3 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 387
POLAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
13980
2100
2628
6232
8130
13175
14143
-0.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2966
1341
789
1526
1547
1652
1700
-3.0
Solar thermal Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
243
253
260
-
11004
753
1802
4008
5414
10448
11303
-0.3
10
6
37
698
926
817
875
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
CHP plants
11011
1649
2101
4838
6364
11534
..
0.2
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2902
1209
754
1496
1523
1648
..
-2.9
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
243
253
..
-
8109
440
1347
2647
3689
8834
..
0.5
Biogases
-
-
-
695
909
794
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
5
..
-
Solid biofuels
2969
451
527
1394
1766
1641
..
-3.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
64
132
35
30
24
4
..
-13.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2895
313
455
1361
1725
1614
..
-3.0
10
6
37
3
17
23
..
4.5
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
388 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
POLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
204 204 -204 2375 2375 -
Wind
93 93 -93 1077 1077 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
14 14 14 14 11 3 -
Solar thermal
Industrial waste
2 2 2 2 2 -
589 589 -101 -20 -1 466 464 11 205 27 184 4 31 2 2 2 227 227 1652 1648 4
Mun. waste renew.
1 1 1 1 1 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 389
POLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
114 114 -9 106 106 106 9 9 253 253 -
Wood/ wood waste
5189 5189 -1110 -159 -37 -9 -3 3871 799 1 7 1 5 458 280 1 47 3072 2448 170 454 4904 4904 10448 8834 1614
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
36 36 -35 175 175 112 112 -
58 58 -34 23 3 3 20 20 123 123 625 602 23
Other biogases
Biogasoline
4 4 -4 22 22 80 80 -
94 101 1 195 195 195 195 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
253 139 -7 2 387 387 387 387 -
82 82 -1 81 81 81 3 3 5 5 -
Total renew. & waste sources
6733 240 -7 3 6968 -297 -1212 -261 -37 -9 -4 5146 1373 11 206 27 298 1 8 462 311 1 49 663 663 3110 2459 197 454 8915 3452 5463 13175 11534 1641
Share in total energy sources
10.0% 0.6% 0.1% x 7.4% x x x x x x 8.0% 9.8% 0.7% 5.6% 4.7% 11.5% 0.2% 0.5% 38.1% 45.5% 0.4% 10.9% 4.2% 4.3% 10.5% 13.1% 2.7% 12.8% 5.9% 100.0% 3.7% 4.2% 5.8% 1.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
390 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
POLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
124 124 124 124
439 439 439 439
531 531 531 531
600 600 600 600
556 556 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
15 15 15 15
54 54 54 54
83 83 83 83
98 98 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
32311 32311 5265 5222 21824 21320 504
35109 35109 3878 2103 29128 29128 -
18766 -29 18737 3279 229 15229 15225 4
21021 -2 21019 4783 42 16194 16194 -
23032 -95 22937 4711 51 18175 18175 -
24654 24654 5095 36 19523 19431 92
25242 25242 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-1.4 x -1.4 -0.2 -23.0 -0.6 -0.5 -8.6
-
-
32 4 36 4 32 32
35 35 35 6 29
9 9 9 1 8
29 29 29 29 -
131 131 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
e e e
e e
e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 391
POLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
32 4 36 4 32 32
1777 1777 1777 1777 -
799 799 384 415 378 37
4787 4787 368 4419 4419 -
4883 4883 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
60643 60643 14571 6 46066 7191 38875
156943 156943 -49 1322 3 155569 20509 135060
150485 -292 150193 3461 6 146726 26112 120614
184917 -924 183993 25434 57 158502 31960 126542
198401 500 198901 38251 20 160630 34094 126536
217302 217302 55083 134 162085 33457 128628
235000 235000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.9 x 6.9 x 7.2 17.8 6.8 8.4 6.5
-
118 118 117 1 -
423 423 396 27 -
879 879 879 -
1433 1433 1433 -
1487 1487 1471 1 15 15
1518 1518 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
433 433 8 425 e 2 e 423 e
788 788 47 741 63 678
1802 1802 1399 28 375 84 291
2486 2486 1498 17 971 95 876
2429 2429 1464 2 963 130 833
2692 2692 .. .. .. .. .. ..
10.1 10.1 27.7 5.0 4.2
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
e e e
e e
e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
393 393 14 379 379
e e
e
e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
392 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
POLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
27 27 27 -
107 107 107 -
188 188 188 -
265 265 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
92679 20883 -1562 112000 112000 112000
92088 112976 -7064 198000 198000 198000
127344 136873 783 265000 265000 265000
152799 116577 -4376 265000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
44854 -19440 -414 25000 25000 25000
257765 94034 -7799 344000 344000 344000
276253 143192 2555 422000 422000 422000
368666 265653 -2319 632000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
2593 2593 2593 2593 -
5964 5964 5964 5964 -
88579 88579 825 87754 87754 -
11135 118976 -1308 128803 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 393
PORTUGAL
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
394 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
PORTUGAL Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (24.0%) Renewables (19.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (75.5%)
Coal (16.5%)
Oil (63.9%)
Other** (0.4%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
17 Mtoe
3.28 Mtoe
2.48 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (1.5%)
Natural Gas (18.9%)
Renewables (24.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal Biofuels and (86.1%)
Hydro (24.6%)
Biogases (1.0%)
renewable waste (57.0%)
Liquid biofuels (9.9%) Coal (7.0%)
Oil (48.5%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.0%)
Other** (18.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
24 Mtoe
5.64 Mtoe
3.22 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30
TWh
25 20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 395
PORTUGAL 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
16.74 3.28
20.21 3.32
24.67 3.76
25.30 4.49
24.43 4.33
24.10 4.74
23.52 5.64
1.9 2.0 0.0
19.6
16.4
15.2
17.7
17.7
19.7
24.0
87.47
95.18
117.01
126.52
126.51
123.35
124.99
1.8
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.1
91
101
100
95
92
93
89
0.1
10.00
10.03
10.23
10.61
10.62
10.63
10.62
0.3
TPES/population (toe per capita)
1.67
2.02
2.41
2.39
2.30
2.27
2.21
1.6
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
28.4
33.2
43.4
46.9
45.5
49.5
52.7
3.0
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
9.85
9.39
12.87
16.22
14.64
18.29
28.10
3.3
34.7
28.3
29.7
34.6
32.2
37.0
53.3
0.3
3.0
4.1
5.6
6.1
6.1
6.1
..
3.7
-
-
-
0.13
0.13
0.22
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 2.2 2.1 3.6 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09 5.0
Total capacity
3538
4631 e
4908
7685
8382
8988
..
Hydro
3344
4409
4526
5052
5055
5080
..
2.2
561
561
597
1029
1029
1029
..
3.2
Geothermal
1
8
14
25
25
25
..
18.5
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
24
59
115
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
8
83
2201
2857
3326
..
53.2
Industrial waste
-
-
-
3
3
3
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
64
77
77
77
..
-
205
219
290
293
342
..
3.1
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels
192 e
Biogases
-
1 e
1
13
13
20
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
150
200
238
330
390
493
..
6.5
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
105
140
167
231
273
345
..
6.5
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
396 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
PORTUGAL 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
9998
9501
13517
16861
15426
19315
28787
90-09 3.5
Hydro
9303
8454
11715
10449
7296
9009
16549
-0.2
146
111
392
357
498
725
399
8.8
Geothermal
4
42
80
201
192
184
196
22.3
Solar photovoltaic
1
1
1
24
38
160
213
30.6
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
16
168
4037
5757
7577
9098
60.0
Industrial waste
-
-
-
10
9
9
5
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
257
276
281
290
289
-
of which: pumped storage
-
-
257
276
281
290
288
-
689
987
1037
1530
1501
1713
2049
4.9
Biogases
-
1
2
58
71
83
100
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
9309
8513
12485
15478
14071
17932
..
3.5
Hydro
9303
8454
11715
10449
7296
9009
..
-0.2
146
111
392
357
498
725
..
8.8
Geothermal
4
42
80
201
192
184
..
22.3
Solar photovoltaic
1
1
1
24
38
160
..
30.6
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
1
16
168
4037
5757
7577
..
60.0
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
257
276
281
290
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
257
276
281
290
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
7
164
163
349
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
51
63
73
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
689
988
1032
1383
1355
1383
..
3.7
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
10
9
9
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
689
987
1030
1366
1338
1364
..
3.7
-
1
2
7
8
10
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels Biogases
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 397
PORTUGAL 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
398 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
PORTUGAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
712 712 -711 -1 8284 8284 -
Wind
652 652 -652 7577 7577 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
14 14 -14 160 160 -
Geothermal
178 178 -168 10 10 10 184 184 -
Solar thermal
38 38 38 38 23 15 -
Industrial waste
41 41 -2 39 39 39 9 9 -
Mun. waste renew.
99 99 -99 290 290 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 399
PORTUGAL 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
99 99 -99 289 289 -
Wood/ wood waste
2800 2800 -103 -19 -192 2485 1325 39 6 349 1 99 744 27 59 1 1161 1161 1713 349 1364 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
-
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
24 24 -21 -3 83 73 10 -
-
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
225 11 -1 -16 220 1 221 221 221 e -
4 4 4 4 4 -
Total renew. & waste sources
4886 11 -1 -16 4881 1 -1648 -239 -197 2797 1364 39 6 388 1 99 744 27 59 1 221 221 1213 1184 25 4 18589 17206 1383 -
Share in total energy sources
100.0% 0.1% 0.0% x 20.3% x x x x 14.8% 26.3% 7.1% 22.4% 25.7% 0.6% 18.5% 64.4% 23.1% 15.2% 0.6% 3.4% 3.6% 21.4% 37.0% 1.2% 100.0% 37.6% 39.7% 22.5% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
400 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
134 134 134 -
1577 1577 1535 42 42
2921 2921 2879 42 42
8094 8094 7664 430 430
7751 7751 7321 430 430
7446 7446 7016 430 430
7486 7486 .. .. .. .. .. ..
23.5 23.5 23.2 -
458 458 458 458
617 617 617 617
770 770 770 770
1071 1071 1071 1071
1266 1266 1266 1266
1601 1601 1601 1601
2210 2210 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
-
-
-
1650 1650 100 1550 1550 -
1735 1735 116 1619 1619 -
1702 1702 83 1619 1619 -
1661 1661 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
3935 3935 3935 -
3826 3826 3826 -
4147 4147 4147 -
4015 4015 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
3648 e 3648 e 3648 e -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 401
PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
3935 3935 3935 -
3826 3826 3826 -
4146 4146 4146 -
4015 4015 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
-
3647 e 3647 e 3647 e -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
103699 103699 6253 97446 49297 48149
106632 106632 6155 100477 52328 48149
108637 108637 7551 101086 52937 48149
117559 117559 10279 107280 58680 48600
116737 116737 9737 107000 58400 48600
117253 117253 13173 104080 55480 48600
125312 -9375 115937 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.6 0.6 4.0 0.3 0.6 0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
402 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
PORTUGAL 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
48 48 48 -
660 660 660 -
962 962 962 -
996 996 996 -
1284 1284 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
.. ..
-
321118 34551 1331 357000 .. ..
x -
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
21 e 21 e 21 e -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
180539 -30539 150000 150000 150000
168575 -19950 -3625 145000 145000 145000
-
-
-
2911 2911 2911 2911
5086 5086 5086 5086
4471 4471 4471 4471
4829 4829 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
255397 12248 -17645 250000 250000 e 250000 e
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 403
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
404 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (23.8%)
Other* (2.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (49.3%)
Nuclear (14.7%)
Renewables (1.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (50.7%)
Coal (36.7%)
Oil (21.1%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
21 Mtoe
0.33 Mtoe
0.17 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (0.8%)
Natural Gas (29.5%)
Nuclear (22.4%)
Hydro (41.2%)
Biogases (1.9%) Liquid biofuels (7.9%)
Renewables (6.6%)
Coal (19.9%)
Oil (20.7%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (57.8%)
Other** (1.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (86.5%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
17 Mtoe
1.15 Mtoe
0.66 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 7 6
TWh
5 4 3 2 1 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 405
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
21.33 0.33
17.78 0.50
17.74 0.49
17.85 0.97
18.30 0.99
16.72 1.21
17.27 1.15
-1.3 7.1 8.5
1.5
2.8
2.8
5.4
5.4
7.3
6.6
18.91
17.26
20.40
31.09
32.90
31.32
32.58
2.7
1.13
1.03
0.87
0.57
0.56
0.53
0.53
-3.9 -3.9
130
118
100
66
64
61
61
Population (millions)
5.30
5.36
5.40
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.41
0.1
TPES/population (toe per capita)
4.03
3.31
3.29
3.31
3.39
3.09
3.19
-1.4
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
25.5
26.4
30.8
27.9
28.8
25.9
27.3
0.1
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
1.88
4.88
4.62
4.93
4.56
4.91
6.02
5.2
7.4
18.5
15.0
17.7
15.9
18.9
22.0
5.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.9
2.0
1.8
..
1.6
-
-
-
0.09
0.13
0.17
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 4.7 6.2 9.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
-
2260
2420
2665
2712
2663
..
-
Hydro
-
2260
2420
2515
2548
2487
..
-
-
735
916
916
916
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
1
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
5
5
3
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
2
2
2
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
6
6
6
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
134
147
160
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
3
4
4
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
735 e
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
80
89
98
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
56
62
69
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
406 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
2515
5226
5007
5122
4783
5163
6174
3.9
Hydro
2515
5226
4975
4615
4241
4604
5630
3.2
635
346
360
164
202
236
143
-5.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
8
7
6
5
-
Industrial waste
-
-
32
1
1
2
2
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
22
22
22
21
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
23
17
14
14
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
441
480
493
480
-
Biogases
-
-
-
12
15
22
22
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
2515
5226
5007
4624
4249
4611
..
3.2
Hydro
2515
5226
4975
4615
4241
4604
..
3.2
635
346
360
164
202
236
..
-5.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
8
7
6
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
32
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
1
1
1
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
498
534
552
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
1
1
2
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
22
22
22
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
23
17
14
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
441
480
493
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
11
14
21
..
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 407
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
2862
2892
2251
2668
2889
3938
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
185
146
144
196
-
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
Biogases Liquid biofuels
-
1
1
1
1
-
205
205
218
297
-
-
80
125
56
76
-
-
80
119
45
61
-
-
-
1590
1910
2406
3281
-
-
-
-
110
162
19
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
919
1164
1261
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
10
10
33
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
21
23
27
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
21
19
18
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
766
974
1167
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
101
138
16
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2862 e
2892 e
of which:
Heat only plants
-
2862
2892
1332
1504
1628
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
185
146
144
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
1
1
1
..
-
Industrial waste
-
195
195
185
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
59
102
29
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
59
100
27
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
824
936
1239
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
9
24
3
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
2862 e
2892 e
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
275
237
80
110
-
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
5
4
3
4
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
274
237
81
110
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
408 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
376 376 -366 -9 4368 4368 -
Tide wave ocean
Wind
1 1 -1 6 6 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
9 9 -4 -3 2 2 1 1 144 144
Solar thermal
1 1
Industrial waste
26 3 29 -1 -5 -1 21 21 19 1 2 2 218 33 185
Mun. waste renew.
25 25 -16 -1 8 8 8 22 22 56 27 29
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 409
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
19 20 -12 -1 7 7 7 14 14 45 18 27
Wood/ wood waste
647 -23 -4 620 -29 -116 -36 -3 437 393 5 334 45 9 44 39 1 4 493 493 2406 1167 1239
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
1 1 2 2 3 3 -
15 15 -5 9 1 1 1 8 8 18 18 14 11 3
Other biogases
Biogasoline
1 1 -1 2 1 1 2 2 -
50 10 -28 1 34 34 34 34 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
99 38 -1 -3 133 1 134 134 134 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
1269 51 -52 -6 1264 1 -366 -10 -30 -150 -40 -13 -1 652 415 20 1 5 335 45 9 168 168 69 39 25 5 4927 4375 552 2889 1261 1628
Share in total energy sources
21.4% 0.3% 1.1% x 7.6% x x x x x x x x 6.0% 13.3% 5.7% 0.3% 3.4% 53.0% 64.6% 7.8% 7.3% 9.2% 1.6% 1.8% 1.3% 3.9% 19.0% 44.7% 3.4% 6.8% 5.0% 9.6%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
410 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
438 438 370 68 68
362 362 292 70 70
356 356 288 68 68
462 462 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
2 2 1 1 1
2 2 1 1 1
2 2 1 1 1
2 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
321 321 321 321 -
8803 8803 3671 5132 5132 -
13473 13473 3888 9585 9573 12
1222 157 3 1382 289 340 753 752 1
946 278 -6 1218 295 104 819 818 1
1103 112 2 1217 288 62 867 861 6
1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.7 x 7.3 x 5.4 5.3 -
-
-
-
805 805 805 -
1042 -7 1035 829 206 206
1036 16 1052 722 330 330
1000 1000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 411
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
805 805 805 -
882 -6 876 688 188 188
816 10 826 520 306 306
800 800 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
6965 6965 6965 6965 -
3196 53 3249 3249 3095 154
4169 -346 3823 3823 3798 25
20266 -1147 183 19302 4046 15256 13488 1768
21037 -1018 -218 19801 5619 14182 12482 1700
27094 -964 -155 25975 7682 18293 16455 1838
25000 -1000 24000 .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.4 x 7.2 5.2 4.6 -
-
-
-
9 9 9 -
8 8 8 -
29 29 15 14 14
20 20 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
286 286 183 8 95 17 78
399 399 259 12 128 16 112
621 621 235 2 384 48 336
500 500 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
e e e
e
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
412 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
19 19 19 -
18 18 18 -
29 29 26 3 3
20 20 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
24000 4000 -7000 21000 21000 21000
73944 -23652 -292 50000 50000 50000
93354 -32124 770 62000 62000 62000
57000 -24000 -2000 31000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
46000 31000 4000 81000 81000 81000
105092 4779 -4871 105000 105000 105000
103325 38033 -2358 139000 139000 139000
101000 -64000 37000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 413
SLOVENIA
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
414 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVENIA Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (13.4%)
Other* (-1.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (48.7%)
Nuclear (21.1%) Renewables (9.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (51.3%)
Coal (27.6%)
Oil (30.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
6 Mtoe
0.52 Mtoe
0.27 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (12.2%)
Other* (-2.2%) Hydro (42.9%)
Nuclear (20.8%)
Biogases (5.9%)
Renewables (12.7%)
Liquid biofuels (7.7%)
Coal (20.4%)
Oil (36.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste Solid biofuels/ charcoal (57.0%) (86.4%)
Other** (0.1%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
7 Mtoe
0.90 Mtoe
0.51 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 6 5
TWh
4 3 2 1 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 415
SLOVENIA 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
5.71 0.52
6.07 0.54
6.41 0.79
7.32 0.74
7.74 0.85
6.97 0.89
7.09 0.90
1.1 2.8 1.8
9.1
8.9
12.3
10.0
11.0
12.7
12.7
16.55
16.07
19.89
26.96
27.97
25.70
26.00
2.3
0.35
0.38
0.32
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.27
-1.3
107
117
100
84
86
84
85
-1.3
Population (millions)
2.00
1.99
1.99
2.02
2.02
2.04
2.06
0.1
TPES/population (toe per capita)
2.86
3.05
3.22
3.63
3.83
3.41
3.44
0.9
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
12.4
12.9
13.6
15.0
16.4
16.4
16.2
1.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
2.95
3.25
3.90
3.38
4.31
4.91
4.74
2.7
23.7
25.2
28.7
22.5
26.3
29.9
29.2
1.2
0.9
1.3
1.2
1.7
2.0
1.7
..
3.6
-
-
-
0.01
0.02
0.03
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.8 1.2 1.8 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
-
757
860
1042
1087
1126
..
-
Hydro
-
757
843
1018
1027
1070
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
4
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
2
2
2
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
15 e
14
48
38
..
-
Biogases
-
-
2
8
9
12
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
416 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVENIA 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
2950
3252
3904
3384
4311
4909
4930
2.7
Hydro
2950
3252
3834
3266
4018
4713
4696
2.5 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
185
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
4
13
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
5
3
4
5
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
58
65
233
120
119
-
Biogases
-
-
12
48
56
68
97
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
2950
3252
3834
3277
4086
4733
..
2.5
Hydro
2950
3252
3834
3266
4018
4713
..
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
1
4
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
2
57
7
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
9
10
9
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
70
107
225
176
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
5
3
4
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
58
63
176
113
..
-
Biogases
-
-
12
39
46
59
..
of which: pumped storage
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 417
SLOVENIA 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
149
100
277
409
519
784
933
9.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
149
100
263
348
436
677
738
8.3
Biogases
-
-
-
61
83
107
194
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
224
311
599
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
163
228
492
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
61
83
107
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
of which:
149
100
277
185
208
185
..
1.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
149
100
263
185
208
185
..
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
418 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVENIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
405 405 -391 -14 4713 4713 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
Wind
-
-
Solar PV
4 4 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
Industrial waste
-
20 20 -1 19 19 2 17 4 4 -
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 419
SLOVENIA 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
429 429 -2 -24 -12 -6 385 61 11 3 7 29 11 324 324 120 7 113 677 492 185
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
8 8 -3 -4 2 2 2 30 9 21 -
3 3 -2 -1 12 12 37 37 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
11 11 -10 26 26 70 70 -
2 2 2 2 2 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
6 22 28 28 28 28 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
882 24 906 -393 -17 -36 -18 -6 436 80 13 20 7 29 11 30 30 326 324 2 4909 4733 176 784 599 185
Share in total energy sources
24.9% 0.5% 13.0% x x x x x 9.0% 6.5% 8.2% 10.6% 3.7% 57.1% 13.8% 1.7% 1.8% 19.4% 29.7% 0.4% 29.9% 42.3% 3.4% 8.6% 8.4% 9.3%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
420 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVENIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
14 14 14 -
535 535 23 512 512 -
608 608 17 591 591 -
828 828 24 804 804 -
975 975 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 421
SLOVENIA 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
9917 1260 11177 159 11018 2500 8518
9792 1236 -21 11007 106 10901 2556 8345
19021 19021 848 18173 3128 15045
17955 17955 978 16977 3404 13573
19626 19626 1 2917 16710 3137 13573
17971 17971 1855 16116 2543 13573
18625 18625 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.2 x 2.5 x 13.8 2.0 0.1 2.5
-
-
107 107 105 2 2
317 317 256 61 61
343 343 279 64 64
349 349 285 64 64
324 324 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
45 45 19 26 26
71 71 60 11 11
130 130 114 16 16
126 126 110 16 16
117 117 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
422 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SLOVENIA 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
111 111 111 -
115 115 115 -
462 462 455 7 7 -
832 832 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
1000 1000 1000 1000
4000 4000 4000 4000
3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 .. ..
-
-
-
-
5000 10000 15000 15000 15000
8000 17000 25000 25000 25000
7000 25000 32000 32000 32000
18700 25000 -700 43000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 423
SPAIN
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
424 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SPAIN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (5.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (98.7%)
Hydro (35.3%)
Nuclear (15.7%) Renewables (6.9%)
Biogases (0.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (64.7%)
Coal (21.4%)
Oil (50.5%)
Renew. mun. waste (1.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
90 Mtoe
6.19 Mtoe
4.01 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (24.3%)
Other* (-0.4%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal Biofuels and (71.7%) renewable waste (44.4%)
Hydro (24.8%)
Nuclear (12.6%)
Biogases (3.4%)
Renewables (11.4%)
Liquid biofuels (22.2%) Coal (6.3%)
Oil (45.8%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.8%)
Other** (30.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
128 Mtoe
14.65 Mtoe
6.50 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 120 100
TWh
80 60 40 20 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 425
SPAIN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
90.09 6.19
100.82 5.51
121.95 6.93
143.87 9.97
138.81 10.64
126.52 12.09
128.14 14.65
1.8 3.6 1.7
6.9
5.5
5.7
6.9
7.7
9.6
11.4
440.64
474.85
580.67
734.63
740.95
713.36
712.34
2.6
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
-0.7 -0.7
97
101
100
93
89
84
86
39.01
39.39
40.26
44.87
45.59
45.93
46.27
0.9
2.31
2.56
3.03
3.21
3.04
2.75
2.77
0.9
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
151.2
165.6
222.2
301.8
311.1
291.0
295.3
3.5
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
25.98
24.41
35.81
58.21
62.31
73.57
96.50
5.6
17.2
14.7
16.1
19.3
20.0
25.3
32.7
2.1
17.7
20.5
26.2
33.6
32.1
30.3
..
2.9
-
-
0.07
0.38
0.62
1.07
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.3 1.1 1.9 3.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
16378
17084
20472
34687
39049
41997
..
5.1
Hydro
16231
16784
17960
18372
18451
18505
..
0.7
4911
5095
5288
5347
5347
5347
..
0.4
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
3
7
12
734
3270
3418
..
44.8
Solar thermal
-
-
-
11
61
232
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
2
98
2206
14820
16555
18988
..
61.9
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
27
69
94
189
189
189
..
10.8
115
126
150
396
374
492
..
8.0
Biogases
-
-
50
165
149
173
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
281
319
403
1198
1665
2018
..
10.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
197
223
282
839
1166
1413
..
10.9
Solid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
426 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SPAIN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
26876
26178
38652
62233
65705
77163
100367
5.7
Hydro
26184
24569
31807
30522
26144
29162
45321
0.6 7.1
770
1457
2237
3289
2612
2831
3106
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
6
15
18
500
2562
6018
6607
43.9
Solar thermal
-
-
-
8
16
22
24
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
14
270
4727
27568
32946
37773
43708
51.6
Industrial waste
50
118
274
..
..
..
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
80
196
334
737
782
761
762
12.6
of which: pumped storage
80
195
333
737
782
761
762
12.6
462
668
841
1553
1888
2139
2421
8.4
Biogases
-
147
318
608
585
527
762
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
26271
25203
37973
60618
64449
75607
..
5.7
Hydro
26184
24569
31807
30522
26144
29162
..
0.6
770
1457
2237
3289
2612
2831
..
7.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
6
15
18
500
2562
6018
..
43.9
Solar thermal
-
-
-
8
16
22
..
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
14
270
4727
27568
32946
37773
..
51.6
Industrial waste
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
50
118
274
..
..
..
-
..
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
334
737
782
761
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
333
737
782
761
..
-
17
96
176
272
676
631
..
21.0
Biogases
-
135
304
274
541
479
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
605
975
679
1615
1256
1556
..
5.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
196
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases
80
195
-
-
-
-
-
-
445
572
665
1281
1212
1508
..
6.6
-
12
14
334
44
48
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 427
SPAIN 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
428 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SPAIN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
2264 2264 -2212 -52 26331 26331 -
Wind
3248 3248 -3247 -1 37773 37773 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
518 518 -516 -2 6018 6018 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
9 9 9 9 1 1 7 -
161 161 -5 156 2 1 1 153 125 26 1 1 22 22 -
Industrial waste
.. .. .. .. .. -
Mun. waste renew.
319 319 -56 -263 761 761 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 429
SPAIN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
319 319 -56 -263 761 761 -
Wood/ wood waste
4315 4315 -59 -105 -234 -174 3742 1547 1 14 137 1 332 561 399 6 5 89 2195 2072 82 34 7 2139 631 1508 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
141 141 -8 -132 441 441 -
10 10 -2 8 8 8 5 5 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
33 33 -11 -5 18 14 9 6 3 1 3 81 33 48 -
235 42 -125 151 151 151 151 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
652 408 -140 1 921 921 921 921 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
12224 450 -265 1 12409 -6159 -831 -239 -174 5005 1563 1 14 137 1 342 567 399 7 5 89 1072 1072 2368 2198 118 45 8 74332 72776 1556 -
Share in total energy sources
41.1% 0.4% 1.8% x 9.8% x x x x 5.4% 6.7% 0.0% 0.4% 2.5% 0.1% 16.4% 26.8% 59.5% 1.4% 1.1% 4.2% 3.1% 3.5% 8.7% 14.8% 1.3% 1.8% 1.0% 25.5% 28.1% 4.9% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
430 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
321 321 321 321
322 322 322 322
343 343 343 343
381 381 381 381
168 168 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
1303 1303 1303 4 1299
3949 3949 74 3 3872 72 3800
5535 5535 148 3 5384 93 5291
6738 6738 -2 212 5 6519 100 6419
7874 7874 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
x -
3134 e 3134 e 3134 e .. .. -
.. .. .. .. .. -
.. .. .. .. .. -
.. .. .. .. .. -
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
4803 e 4803 e 4803 e -
12945 12945 12945 -
13735 13735 13735 -
13364 13364 13364 -
7651 7651 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.5 11.5 11.6 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
142 142 142 142 e
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
1032 1032 1032 31 1001
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
853 853 353 500 500 -
e
e e
e e
5041 5041 1771 3270 3270 -
e
e e
e e
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1697 1697 1663 34 -
e
e e e
3923 3923 3874 49 -
e
e e e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 431
SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
e e
4802 e 4802 e 4802 e -
12945 12945 12945 -
13735 13735 13735 -
13364 13364 13364 -
9548 9548 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.5 11.5 11.6 -
138183 e 138183 e 3912 e 134271 50883 83388
151702 e 151702 e 11882 e 126 139694 53880 85814
177174 177174 21400 155774 66508 89266
179255 179255 15199 5306 158750 67833 90917
180678 180678 16682 7277 156719 64780 2 91937
195130 195130 .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.5 0.5 10.9 -0.2 -0.9 0.3
-
2090 2090 2090 -
2672 2672 2652 20 20
4859 4859 3666 1193 1193
6573 6573 6553 20 20
5900 5900 5880 20 20
7066 7066 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
2067 e 2067 e 1688 e 379 379
2043 2043 1062 981 482 499
824 824 478 346 346
417 417 67 350 4 346
466 466 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1696 1696 1662 34 -
e
e e e
3923 3923 3874 49 -
e
e
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
165624 e 165624 e 2345 e 163279 76453 86826
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
432 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SPAIN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
425 425 425 425 -
1065 1065 175 890 882 8
1054 1054 288 766 763 3
1112 1112 327 785 682 103
1376 1376 637 739 606 133
1648 1648 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.4 6.4 3.0 1.9 -
-
-
-
342000 -163000 179000 -2000 177000 177000
272000 -90000 182000 -38000 144000 144000
367266 -129961 -305 237000 237000 237000
372785 -18616 7831 362000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
80000 80000 80000 80000
180000 121000 301000 2000 303000 303000
221000 328000 549000 39000 588000 588000
726977 298942 1081 1027000 1027000 1027000
841844 521448 -13292 1350000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
753 e 753 e 102 e 651 648 3
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
e e e e
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 433
SWEDEN
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
434 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWEDEN Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas Other* (1.2%) (0.6%)
Nuclear (37.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (97.4%)
Hydro (54.1%) Renewables (24.4%)
Oil (30.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (45.9%)
Coal (5.8%)
Renew. mun. waste (2.6%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
47 Mtoe
11.53 Mtoe
5.29 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Nuclear (29.5%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (86.2%)
Hydro (37.0%) Other* (2.4%)
Biogases (1.2%)
Renewables (32.7%)
Natural Gas (3.0%)
Coal (4.2%)
Oil (28.1%)
Liquid biofuels (5.7%)
Other** (1.9%)
Renew. mun. waste (6.9%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (61.2%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
51 Mtoe
16.59 Mtoe
10.15 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source
TWh
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 435
SWEDEN 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
47.20 11.53
50.33 12.84
47.56 14.74
50.06 15.29
49.60 15.62
45.41 15.82
50.78 16.59
-0.2 1.7 1.9
24.4
25.5
31.0
30.5
31.5
34.8
32.7
201.04
207.98
247.26
304.26
302.39
286.27
302.11
1.9
0.23
0.24
0.19
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
-2.0 -2.0
122
126
100
86
85
82
87
Population (millions)
8.56
8.83
8.87
9.15
9.22
9.30
9.38
0.4
TPES/population (toe per capita)
5.51
5.70
5.36
5.47
5.38
4.88
5.41
-0.6
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
146.0
148.3
145.2
148.8
149.9
136.6
152.8
-0.3
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
74.45
70.56
83.14
77.43
81.41
79.80
84.12
0.4
51.0
47.6
57.2
52.0
54.3
58.4
55.1
0.7
6.1
6.4
6.7
7.4
7.3
7.2
..
0.9
-
-
-
0.28
0.36
0.38
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 3.8 4.9 5.3 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
17569
17497
18319
20561
20556
22022
..
1.2
Hydro
16331
16152
16525
16637
16437
16652
..
0.1
427
427
19
45
85
108
..
-7.0
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
2
3
6
8
9
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
8
67
209
710
814
1448
..
31.5
Industrial waste
-
-
-
200
89
100
..
-
Municipal waste
30
76
74
414
423
654
..
17.6 5.2
1200
1200
1490
2570
2761
3142
..
Biogases
-
-
18
24
24
17
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
90
135
207
440
480
510
..
9.6
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
63
95
145
308
336
357
..
9.6
Solid biofuels
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
436 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWEDEN 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total electricity1
75044
70684
83419
78351
82436
80666
84911
90-09 0.4
Hydro
73033
68160
78619
66262
69211
65977
71512
-0.5 -7.3
530
58
35
103
142
125
196
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
1
3
4
7
9
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
6
99
457
1430
1996
2485
3479
37.3
-
-
101
78
42
38
16
-
41
46
96
1109
1269
1048
877
18.6
of which: pumped storage
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
62
70
143
742
846
699
584
13.6
1902
2278
3970
8496
8932
10103
8375
9.2
Biogases
-
30
32
64
30
34
22
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
167
106
275
37
-
Electricity only plants
73039
68260
79077
67695
71211
68469
..
-0.3
Hydro
73033
68160
78619
66262
69211
65977
..
-0.5
530
58
35
103
142
125
..
-7.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
1
1
3
4
7
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
6
99
457
1430
1996
2485
..
37.3
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
2005
2424
4342
10656
11225
12197
..
10.0
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
101
78
42
38
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Municipal waste renew.
41
46
96
1109
1269
1048
..
18.6
Municipal waste non-renew.
62
70
143
742
846
699
..
13.6
1902
2278
3970
8496
8932
10103
..
9.2
-
30
32
64
30
34
..
Solid biofuels Biogases
167 106 275 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 437
SWEDEN 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Total heat
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
24534 e
68448
90539
120825
125461
126601
142002
9.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
508
821
231
520
160
-
Municipal waste renew.
4979
5735
6663
15539
17787
18814
22417
7.2
Municipal waste non-renew.
7569
8603
9996
10365
11858
12676
14944
2.8
11986 e
53340
72330
88070
91229
87996
96686
11.1
Solid biofuels Biogases
-
770
1042
1471
788
657
718
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
4559
3568
5938
7077
-
40923
57787
78822
84142
83053
..
12.7 -
of which: CHP plants
8518 e
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
489
821
231
520
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
1869
3945
4388
11557
13958
14209
..
11.3
Municipal waste non-renew.
2804
5918
6583
7705
9306
9472
..
6.6
Solid biofuels
3845 e
30679
45738
56324
59157
55590
..
15.1
Biogases
-
381
589
670
333
384
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
1745
1157
2878
..
-
16016
27525
32752
42003
41319
43548
..
5.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
3110
1790
2275
3982
3829
4605
..
2.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
4765
Solid biofuels
8141 e
Heat only plants
2685
3413
2660
2552
3204
..
-2.1
22661
26592
31746
32072
32406
..
7.5
389
453
801
455
273
..
-
2814 2411 3060 Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
..
-
-
Biogases
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
..
13290
14967
11844
11728
11344
8802
..
Heat pumps(1)
..
19814
21283
16557
16202
15422
13205
..
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
6524
6317
4713
4474
4078
4403
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
438 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWEDEN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
5663 5663 -5662 -1 65852 65852 -
Wind
214 214 -214 2485 2485 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
1 1 -1 7 7 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
-
10 10 10 10 10 -
Industrial waste
19 19 -19 38 38 520 520 -
Mun. waste renew.
645 645 -516 -130 1048 1048 18814 14209 4605
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 439
SWEDEN 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
430 430 -344 -87 699 699 12676 9472 3204
Wood/ wood waste
8619 8619 -1861 -896 -858 5005 4025 7 19 3641 343 15 980 618 45 317 10103 10103 87996 55590 32406
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
35 35 -6 -3 25 25 25 14 14 270 158 112
60 60 -8 -4 48 13 13 34 34 19 19 362 212 150
Other biogases
Biogasoline
15 15 -1 14 8 8 6 6 1 1 25 14 11
198 198 198 198 198 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
162 162 162 162 162 -
197 197 -115 -1 -81 275 275 5938 2878 3060
Total renew. & waste sources
16268 16268 -5877 -1 -2870 -897 -1163 5462 4025 7 19 3641 343 15 381 381 1055 693 45 317 80541 68344 12197 126601 83053 43548
Share in total energy sources
53.6% 35.8% x x x x x 17.1% 37.5% 1.1% 4.7% 61.5% 63.6% 1.5% 5.0% 5.3% 8.9% 10.0% 1.1% 46.5% 59.0% 56.6% 76.6% 67.7% 67.3% 68.4%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
440 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
133 133 133 133
200 200 200 200
223 223 223 223
360 360 360 360
396 396 396 396
414 414 414 414
432 432 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2
209 209 209 209 -
84 84 84 84 -
1061 1061 1061 -
1309 1309 1309 -
463 463 463 -
791 791 791 -
715 715 .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.3 7.3 -
23178 23178 23178 -
26591 26591 26591 -
27028 27028 27028 -
29408 29408 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.4 8.4 8.4 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
5856 e 5856 e 5856 -
6615 e 6615 e 6615 -
8347 e 8347 e 8347 -
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 441
SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
12522 e 12522 e 12522 -
15459 15459 15459 -
17727 17727 17727 -
18019 18019 18019 -
19605 19605 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.9 3.9 3.9 -
322717 322717 101281 221436 181457 39979
353409 353409 142441 210968 170901 40067
347773 347773 144987 202786 161748 41038
360932 360932 151340 209592 168554 41038
366546 366546 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.7 2.7 10.7 0.4 0.5 0.1
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
8784 e 8784 e 8784 -
9921 e 9921 e 9921 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
215730 215730 21839 193891 153614 40277
284018 284018 71786 e 212232 172664 39568
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
352 352 352 -
443 443 443 -
830 830 830 -
1377 1377 436 941 941
1445 1445 382 1063 1063
1227 1227 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
650 650 650 -
819 819 819 -
1114 1114 1114 -
2356 2356 586 1770 495 1275
2512 2512 512 2000 559 1441
2159 2159 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
442 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWEDEN 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
64 64 64 -
80 80 80 -
80 80 80 -
555 555 42 513 289 224
615 615 36 579 326 253
1521 1521 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
283797 203 284000 284000 284000
333437 -437 333000 333000 333000
309029 -29 309000 309000 309000
316248 -248 316000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
114400 -400 114000 114000 114000
145000 145000 145000 145000
181008 -8 181000 181000 181000
198035 -35 198000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
145095 145095 145095 -
111001 111001 111001 -
195532 195532 195532 -
194613 194613 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 443
SWITZERLAND
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
444 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWITZERLAND Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Nuclear Other* (25.4%) (1.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (68.5%)
Hydro (70.4%)
Natural Gas (6.7%)
Renewables (15.0%)
Biogases (3.8%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (27.5%) Other** (2.1%)
Coal (1.5%)
Oil (50.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (27.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
24 Mtoe
3.64 Mtoe
1.00 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Other* (3.2%)
Nuclear (26.6%) Renewables (18.8%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (61.3%)
Hydro (62.8%)
Biogases (4.6%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (31.5%)
Liquid biofuels (0.6%)
Natural Gas (11.4%)
Coal (0.6%)
Oil (39.4%)
Renew. mun. waste (33.5%)
Other** (5.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
26 Mtoe
4.94 Mtoe
1.56 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 445
SWITZERLAND 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
24.32 3.64
24.06 4.21
25.01 4.43
25.76 4.57
26.78 4.76
26.95 4.78
26.31 4.94
0.5 1.4 0.9
15.0
17.5
17.7
17.7
17.8
17.7
18.8
224.77
225.89
249.91
286.44
291.88
286.30
293.60
1.3
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
-0.7 -0.7
108
106
100
90
92
94
90
Population (millions)
6.80
7.08
7.21
7.62
7.71
7.80
7.76
0.7
TPES/population (toe per capita)
3.58
3.40
3.47
3.38
3.47
3.45
3.39
-0.2
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100)
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
55.0
62.2
66.1
66.4
67.0
66.7
66.6
1.0
30.24
35.75
37.69
36.48
37.33
37.04
37.58
1.1
55.0
57.4
57.0
54.9
55.7
55.6
56.5
0.1
4.8
4.8
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.7
..
0.9
-
-
-
0.01
0.01
0.01
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.2 0.2 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
13278
13580
15208
15515
15674
15815
..
0.9
Hydro
13125
13345
14895
15101
15251
15336
..
0.8
1455
1455
1655
1636
1776
1816
..
1.2
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
2
8
15
34
45
71
..
20.7
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
3
12
14
18
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
4.8
148
218
262
336
332
358
..
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
3
9
33
32
32
32
..
13.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
603
1000
1303
1509
1595
1731
..
5.7
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
422
700
912
1056
1117
1212
..
5.7
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
446 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWITZERLAND 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
31787
37049
39993
39090
40384
39983
40691
1.2
Hydro
30982
35954
38230
36737
37935
37507
37825
1.0 2.2
1187
785
1396
1487
1899
1784
1763
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
5
11
27
34
50
50
22.9
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
3
16
19
23
23
-
of which: pumped storage
44
106
268
229
248
271
315
10.0
Municipal waste renew.
320
410
636
890
912
887
1031
5.5
Municipal waste non-renew.
320
410
636
890
912
887
1031
5.5
Solid biofuels
40
41
59
130
144
165
192
7.7
Biogases
80
123
150
171
180
193
224
4.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
31209
36236
38606
36951
38163
37762
..
1.0
Hydro
30982
35954
38230
36737
37935
37507
..
1.0
1187
785
1396
1487
1899
1784
..
2.2
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
1
5
11
27
34
50
..
22.9
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
3
16
19
23
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
103
115
159
82
85
88
..
-0.8
Municipal waste non-renew.
103
115
159
82
85
88
..
-0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
47
44
7
5
6
..
-6.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
578
813
1387
2139
2221
2221
..
7.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
44
106
268
229
248
271
..
10.0
Municipal waste renew.
217
295
477
808
827
799
..
7.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
217
295
477
808
827
799
..
7.1
Solid biofuels
40
41
59
130
144
165
..
7.7
Biogases
60
76
106
164
175
187
..
6.2
Industrial waste
Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 447
SWITZERLAND 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
5495
6976
7758
10947
11355
11410
12654
3.9
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
240
326
415
436
423
469
12.9
Municipal waste renew.
2723
3343
3659
5012
5078
4954
5494
3.2
Municipal waste non-renew.
2723
3343
3659
5012
5078
4954
5494
3.2
Solid biofuels
7
-
64
489
748
1072
1189
30.3
Biogases
-
50
50
19
15
7
8
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
5313
6882
7408
10928
11340
11403
..
4.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
240
326
415
436
423
..
12.9
Municipal waste renew.
2632
3321
3509
5012
5078
4954
..
3.4
Municipal waste non-renew.
2632
3321
3509
5012
5078
4954
..
3.4
Solid biofuels
7
-
64
489
748
1072
..
30.3
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal Industrial waste
of which:
Industrial waste
182
94
350
19
15
7
..
-15.8
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
91
22
150
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
Heat only plants
91
22
150
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
50
50
19
15
7
..
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
51
28
76
60
94
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
73
64
112
100
141
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
22
36
36
40
47
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
448 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWITZERLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
3072 3072 -2824 -249 35723 35723 -
Wind
2 2 -2 23 23 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
4 4 -4 50 50 -
Geothermal
210 210 210 15 15 195 169 25 1 -
Solar thermal
39 39 39 1 1 38 24 5 10 -
Industrial waste
254 254 -37 217 217 79 118 3 16 2 271 271 423 423 -
Mun. waste renew.
502 502 -41 -430 30 30 30 887 88 799 4954 4954 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 449
SWITZERLAND 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
502 502 -41 -430 30 30 30 887 88 799 4954 4954 -
Wood/ wood waste
859 26 -14 871 -80 -15 775 196 3 3 1 27 59 1 101 580 424 140 15 165 165 1072 1072 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
2 2 -1 6 6 7 7
44 44 -13 -2 29 29 29 117 117 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
23 23 -14 -2 7 6 6 2 2 70 70 -
1 1 1 1 1 1 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
5 2 -1 5 1 6 6 6 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
5518 29 -14 5531 1 -2826 -336 -80 -939 -4 1344 435 3 79 118 3 4 43 59 1 125 7 7 904 617 259 28 38199 35978 2221 11410 11403 7
Share in total energy sources
43.2% 0.2% 0.4% x 20.5% x x x x x x 6.7% 11.4% 1.7% 10.9% 24.0% 0.5% 0.8% 9.3% 25.8% 1.7% 24.8% 0.1% 0.1% 9.3% 10.4% 7.7% 10.5% 57.3% 56.5% 74.4% 64.0% 83.4% 0.2%
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
450 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
2872 2872 2872 206 2666
3671 3671 3671 263 3408
4315 4315 4315 309 4006
6849 6849 6849 493 6356
8105 8105 8105 585 7520
8803 8803 8803 636 8167
9572 9572 .. .. .. .. .. ..
6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1
317 317 317 3 314
632 632 632 7 625
865 865 865 14 851
1145 1145 1145 26 1119
1261 1261 1261 30 1231
1633 1633 1633 36 1597
2121 2121 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9.0 9.0 9.0 14.0 8.9
6710 6710 253 6457 6457 -
8450 8450 920 7530 7530 -
11350 11350 1466 9884 9884 -
11560 11560 1330 10230 10230 -
12150 12150 1433 10717 10717 -
10640 10640 1536 9104 9104 -
11123 11123 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.5 2.5 10.0 1.8 1.8 -
11589 11589 11589 -
12316 12316 12316 -
17025 17025 15696 1329 1329
21800 21800 20250 1550 1550
21285 21285 20088 1197 1197
21020 21020 19747 1273 1273
21805 21805 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.2 3.2 2.8 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 451
SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
12316 12316 12316 -
17025 17025 15696 1329 1329
21800 21800 20250 1550 1550
21285 21285 20088 1197 1197
21020 21020 19747 1273 1273
21805 21805 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.2 3.2 2.8 -
30550 170 30720 180 30540 7264 23276
27910 27910 348 27562 9386 18176
30830 510 31340 2209 29131 9899 19232
35190 430 35620 3584 32036 8199 23837
35980 490 36470 3997 32473 8205 24268
39350 590 39940 .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.3 3.2 1.3 17.5 0.7 -0.8
106 106 96 10 10
95 95 85 10 10
76 76 68 8 8
61 61 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-6.0 -6.0 -5.1 -10.2 -10.2
1799 1799 575 1224 1224
1839 1839 620 1219 1219
1833 1833 629 1204 1204
1884 1884 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.0 2.0 4.3 1.1 1.1
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
11589 11589 11589 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
28360 270 28630 186 28444 28444
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
247 e 247 e 185 e 62 62
614 e 614 e 521 e 93 93
573 e 573 e 508 e 65 65
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1257 1257 285 972 972
e
e e
e
1404 1404 347 1057 1057
e
e e
e
1617 1617 452 1165 1165
e
e e
e e e
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
452 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
SWITZERLAND 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
312 312 114 198 171 27
799 799 492 307 238 69
926 926 595 331 258 73
967 967 663 304 231 73
1071 1071 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.6 12.6 21.3 7.0 9.4 3.0
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
101 101 17 84 42 42
159 e 159 e 38 e 121 90 31
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
-
-
-
2531 469 3000 3000 3000
2607 393 3000 3000 3000
1113 887 2000 2000 2000
3000 -1000 2000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
10511 489 11000 11000 11000
11184 -184 11000 11000 11000
6411 2186 -597 8000 8000 8000
6700 3000 300 10000 .. ..
x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 453
TURKEY
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
454 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
TURKEY Natural Gas (5.4%)
Oil (44.4%)
Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Other* (-0.1%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (100.0%)
Hydro (20.6%) Renewables (18.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (74.6%)
Coal (32.0%)
Other** (4.8%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
53 Mtoe
9.66 Mtoe
7.21 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (29.9%)
Hydro (38.8%)
Biogases (1.0%)
Renewables (10.9%)
Liquid biofuels (0.3%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (40.5%)
Coal (31.8%)
Oil (27.3%)
Other** (20.7%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (98.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
105 Mtoe
11.48 Mtoe
4.65 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 60 50
TWh
40 30 20 10 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 455
TURKEY 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
52.76 9.66
61.55 10.78
76.35 10.10
100.01 9.60
98.50 9.31
97.66 9.92
104.80 11.48
3.3 0.1 -3.1
18.3
17.5
13.2
9.6
9.5
10.2
10.9
185.95
217.79
266.56
372.61
375.06
356.96
388.89
3.5
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.27
0.27
-0.2 -0.2
99
99
100
94
92
96
94
55.12
59.76
64.26
70.26
71.08
71.90
72.90
1.4
0.96
1.03
1.19
1.42
1.39
1.36
1.44
1.9
TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
57.5
86.2
124.9
191.6
198.4
194.8
211.2
6.6
23.23
35.85
31.15
36.46
34.42
38.14
55.71
2.6
40.4
41.6
24.9
19.0
17.3
19.6
26.4
-3.7
8.4
10.3
10.5
14.1
13.4
13.3
..
2.4
-
-
-
0.01
0.02
0.01
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.1 0.1 0.1 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4) Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
6782
9895
11307
13679
14352
15551
..
4.5
Hydro
6764
9863
11175
13395
13829
14553
..
4.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
18
18
23
30
77
..
7.9
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
19
146
364
792
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
19
27
27
27
..
-
Municipal waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
14
72
72
69
47
..
-
Biogases
-
-
4
16
33
55
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
-
-
7700
12000
12000
12250
..
-
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
-
-
5390
8400
8400
8575
..
-
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m 2 of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
456 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
TURKEY 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
23228
35849
31208
36576
34498
38229
55838
2.7
Hydro
23148
35541
30879
35851
33270
35958
51796
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
86
76
156
162
436
668
9.3
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
33
355
847
1495
2916
-
Industrial waste
-
-
54
119
77
88
125
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
222
145
25
24
30
37
-
Biogases
-
-
21
70
118
222
296
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
23228
35627
31116
36555
34483
38208
..
2.7
Hydro
23148
35541
30879
35851
33270
35958
..
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
86
76
156
162
436
..
9.3
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
-
-
33
355
847
1495
..
-
Industrial waste
-
-
54
119
77
88
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
53
7
9
10
..
-
Biogases
-
-
21
67
118
221
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
222
92
21
15
21
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
222
92
18
15
20
..
-
Biogases
-
-
-
3
-
1
..
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 457
TURKEY 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
458 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
TURKEY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
3092 3092 -2955 -137 35958 35958 -
Wind
129 129 -128 1495 1495 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
-
Geothermal
1624 1624 -375 1249 1249 1249 436 436 -
Solar thermal
429 429 -129 300 300 300 -
Industrial waste
25 25 -3 -22 88 88 -
Mun. waste renew.
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 459
TURKEY 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
-
Wood/ wood waste
4588 4588 -4 -8 4576 4576 4576 30 10 20 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
1 1 -1 2 2 -
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
46 46 -40 -7 220 219 1 -
6 6 6 6 6 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1 1 1 1 1 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
9941 9941 -3501 -171 -8 -129 6132 7 7 6125 6125 38229 38208 21 -
Share in total energy sources
32.8% 10.2% x x x x 8.4% 0.1% 0.1% 18.7% 28.6% 19.6% 20.4% 0.3% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
460 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
18137 18137 2880 15257 15257
21384 21384 3096 18288 18288
28623 28623 2736 25887 25887
43869 43869 5609 38260 38260
48178 48178 5849 42329 42329
68016 68016 15708 52308 52308
76356 76356 .. .. .. .. .. ..
7.2 7.2 9.3 6.7 6.7
1172 1172 1172 335 837
5986 5986 5986 1591 4395
10967 10967 10967 4060 6907
17581 17581 17581 5274 12307
17584 17584 17584 5275 12309
17951 17951 5385 12566 12566
12566 12566 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
15.4 15.4 13.3 15.3
-
-
648 e 648 e 648 e -
1428 1428 1428 -
924 924 924 -
1056 1056 1056 -
1056 1056 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 461
TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
209100 209100 372 208728 208728
199518 199518 411 199107 199107
192119 192119 -1 501 191617 191617
192119 192119 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-2.3 -2.3 x -2.4 -2.4
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
301722 301722 301722 301722
295863 295863 11625 284238 284238
e
-
-
-
48 48 48 -
36 36 36 -
24 24 24 -
24 24 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
e e
e
e
271875 e 271875 e 1585 270290 270290
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
462 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
TURKEY 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
209 209 209 -
581 581 581 -
1055 1055 1055 -
1944 1944 1944 -
1944 1944 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
10000 10000 10000 10000
9000 9000 9000 9000
10000 10000 .. ..
-
-
-
-
14000 14000 14000 14000
10000 10000 10000 10000
1000 1000 1000 1000
6000 6000 .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 463
UNITED KINGDOM
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
464 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED KINGDOM Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990
Natural Gas (22.9%)
Oil (37.1%)
Other* (0.5%)
Hydro (43.5%)
Nuclear (8.3%)
Biogases (34.5%)
Renewables (0.5%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (55.3%)
Other** (1.1%)
Coal (30.6%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (53.2%)
Renew. mun. waste (12.3%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
206 Mtoe
1.03 Mtoe
0.57 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (41.5%)
Other* (0.4%)
Biogases (32.4%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (81.5%)
Nuclear (7.9%)
Renewables (3.3%)
Liquid biofuels (20.7% Hydro (4.6%)
Coal (15.0%)
Oil (31.9%)
Other** (14.0%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (36.9%)
Renew. mun. waste (10.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
204 Mtoe
6.69 Mtoe
5.45 Mtoe
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 35 30
TWh
25 20 15 10 5 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 465
UNITED KINGDOM 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita) Electricity generation (TWh) (3) of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3) Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
205.92 1.03
216.26 1.84
222.94 2.26
210.26 4.64
208.14 5.40
196.76 6.21
204.23 6.69
-0.2 9.9 10.2
0.5
0.8
1.0
2.2
2.6
3.2
3.3
1150.27
1247.82
1477.51
1764.20
1763.05
1677.10
1698.08
2.0
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
-2.2 -2.2
119
115
100
79
78
78
80
57.24
58.03
58.89
60.99
61.40
61.79
62.21
0.4
3.60
3.73
3.79
3.45
3.39
3.18
3.28
-0.6
317.8
332.5
374.4
393.0
384.6
372.0
378.1
0.8
5.81
6.87
9.97
19.65
21.58
25.22
25.33
8.0
1.8
2.1
2.7
5.0
5.6
6.8
6.7
7.1
36.4
36.8
38.9
40.4
39.4
38.1
..
0.2
-
-
-
0.35
0.79
0.97
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.9 2.0 2.5 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total capacity
4028
4735
5473
8520
9586
10830
..
5.3
Hydro
3897
4220
4273
4269
4374
4389
..
0.6
2787
2788
2788
2744
2744
2744
..
-0.1
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
2
18
23
27
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
1
1
1
1
..
-
10
200
412
2477
3406
4424
..
37.8
of which: pumped storage
Wind Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste
31
87
184
237
273
285
..
12.4
Solid biofuels Biogases
-
46
133
530
517
631
..
-
90
182
468
988
992
1073
..
13.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
205
254
396
1320
1641
2050
..
12.9
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
144
178
277
924
1149
1435
..
12.9
Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
466 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED KINGDOM 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
7876
8835
13183
25427
27461
30700
30421
7.4
Hydro
7189
6390
7780
8949
9257
8947
6708
1.2 3.3
1982
1552
2694
3859
4089
3685
3150
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
14
17
20
20
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
9
391
947
5274
7097
9304
10021
44.1
of which: pumped storage
-
-
-
1207
1055
917
1058
-
140
471
840
1177
1226
1511
1524
13.3
83
412
519
707
736
874
879
13.2
-
199
541
2920
2768
3536
4508
-
455
972
2555
5179
5305
5591
5703
14.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity only plants
7560
8425
12761
23826
25714
28964
..
7.3
Hydro
7189
6390
7780
8949
9257
8947
..
1.2
1982
1552
2694
3859
4089
3685
..
3.3
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar photovoltaic
-
-
1
14
17
20
..
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage
Tide, wave, ocean
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
9
391
947
5274
7097
9304
..
44.1
-
-
-
259
206
140
..
-
140
471
804
1047
952
1241
..
12.2
83
412
500
629
572
712
..
12.0
-
199
541
2920
2768
3536
..
-
139
562
2188
4734
4845
5064
..
20.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
316
410
422
1601
1747
1736
..
9.4
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
948
849
777
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
36
130
274
270
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
19
78
164
162
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
316
410
367
445
460
527
..
2.7
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew. Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Biogases
Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 467
UNITED KINGDOM 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
468 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED KINGDOM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Hydro
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
453 453 -369 -83 5262 5262 -
Wind
800 800 -800 9304 9304 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Solar PV
2 2 -2 20 20 -
Geothermal
Solar thermal
1 1 1 1 1 -
69 69 69 69 69 -
Industrial waste
153 153 -40 -113 917 140 777 -
Mun. waste renew.
541 541 -391 -53 96 59 59 37 7 30 1511 1241 270 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 469
UNITED KINGDOM 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
311 311 -225 -31 55 34 34 21 4 17 874 712 162 -
Wood/ wood waste
1307 348 1655 -707 -290 658 228 228 429 315 114 3536 3536 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
1474 1474 -1462 13 13 13 4953 4953 -
249 249 -32 -156 61 61 61 638 111 527 -
Other biogases
Biogasoline
-
38 122 -9 151 9 160 160 160 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
172 635 11 818 -11 808 808 808 -
-
Total renew. & waste sources
5570 1105 2 6677 -2 -1076 -3325 -353 1921 334 334 968 968 618 326 108 114 70 27015 25279 1736 -
Share in total energy sources
3.5% 0.8% x 3.4% x x x x 1.5% 1.3% 4.6% 2.3% 2.5% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 13.4% 4.8% 7.3% 7.3% 6.6% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
470 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
33 33 33 33
33 33 33 33
33 33 33 33
33 33 33 33
33 33 33 33
33 33 33 33
33 33 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
428 428 428 428
428 428 428 428
469 469 469 469
1879 1879 1879 1879
2333 2333 2333 2333
2908 2908 2908 2908
2908 2908 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6
1909 1909 1909 e 398 1511
1472 1472 1472 1472
10702 10702 10702 -
6966 6966 6966 -
6392 6392 6392 -
7375 7375 .. .. .. .. .. ..
12.6 12.6 -
11055 11055 10266 789 92 697
18396 18396 14489 3907 2373 1534
19361 19361 15080 4281 2849 1432
22635 22635 18620 4015 2466 1549
22830 22830 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.4 11.4 12.4 8.2 2.9
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
676 676 676 e 398 278
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
2933 2933 2033 900 900
5682 5682 4931 751 751
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 471
UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
4966 4966 4310 656 656
6441 6441 6028 413 54 359
11037 11037 8693 2344 1424 920
11616 11616 9048 2568 1709 859
13011 13011 10703 2308 1417 891
13085 13085 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
11.1 11.1 12.2 8.0 2.7
12685 12685 12685 2386 10299
37090 37090 4685 32405 20850 11555
27588 27588 6742 20846 11137 9709
42542 13301 55843 35099 20744 6066 14678
45846 14640 60486 34063 26423 9085 17338
54735 14582 69317 1 41781 27537 9558 17979
69781 14582 84363 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.0 9.3 x 4.2 7.6 3.0
2999 2999 1718 1281 1281 -
7510 7510 6945 565 565 -
27566 27566 27038 528 528 -
58326 58326 1 57799 528 528 -
59321 59321 58793 528 528 -
61730 61730 61202 528 528 -
61992 61992 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
17.3 17.3 x 20.7 -4.6 -4.6 -
5223 5223 3904 1319 1319
7295 7295 5072 2223 2223
6346 6346 4537 1809 1809
8110 8110 6201 1909 1909
8732 8732 -1 6755 1976 1976
10448 10448 7889 2559 2559
11938 11938 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.7 3.7 x 3.8 3.5 3.5
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
1747 1747 1211 536 536
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
472 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED KINGDOM 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
13746 106963 291 121000 121000 121000
55301 107642 57 163000 163000 163000
60041 190418 -14459 236000 14000 250000 250000
60041 438116 -4157 494000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
426786 -121508 -5278 300000 5000 305000 305000
281591 498352 -33943 746000 34000 780000 780000
196234 722813 11953 931000 -12000 919000 919000
196234 723713 4053 924000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 473
UNITED STATES
Tables 1. Energy supply, GDP and population 2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (in MW) 3. Gross electricity generation from renewable and waste sources (in GWh) 4A. Heat production from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (in TJ) 4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (in TJ) 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (in ktoe) 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (in TJ, tonnes and 1000 tonnes)
Graphs 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 (%) 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated (%) 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source (in TWh)
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
474 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED STATES Figure 1. Contribution of renewables in 1990 Natural Gas (22.9%)
Other* (0.2%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (95.2%)
Hydro (24.4%)
Nuclear (8.3%)
Renewables (5.0%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (60.6%)
Coal (24.0%)
Oil (39.5%)
Biogases (1.3%)
Renew. mun. waste (3.6%)
Other** (15.0%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
1,915 Mtoe
96.17 Mtoe
58.25 Mtoe
Figure 2. Contribution of renewables in 2010 estimated Natural Gas (25.2%)
Other* (0.3%)
Solid biofuels/ charcoal (58.1%)
Hydro (17.8%)
Nuclear (9.8%)
Biogases (6.3%) Renewables (5.6%)
Coal (23.0%)
Oil (36.1%)
Biofuels and renewable waste (67.5%)
Other** (14.7%)
Liquid biofuels (31.0%)
Renew. mun. waste (4.7%)
TPES(1)
of which: Total renewables
of which: Biofuels and renewable waste(2)
2,235 Mtoe
124.93 Mtoe
84.33 Mtoe
TWh
Figure 3. Electricity production by renewables and waste energy source 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Industrial Waste/Non-renew. municipal waste Solid biofuels/Biogases/Liquid biofuels/Renew. municipal waste Wind/Solar/Tide Geothermal Hydro
* Includes non-renewable municipal waste, industrial waste, peat, electricity trade, and other sources of primary energy. (In the case of negative values, the net exports of electricity are greater than the other products in this category). ** Includes geothermal, solar, wind and tide. (1) TPES includes electricity trade. (2) Biofuels and renewable waste include solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, and renewable municipal waste. Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 475
UNITED STATES 1. Energy supply, GDP and population Average annual percent change
TPES (Mtoe) of which: Renewables (Mtoe) (1) Renewables/TPES(%) GDP (billion 2000 US dollars) TPES/GDP(2) TPES/GDP (year 2000 = 100) Population (millions) TPES/population (toe per capita)
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
1915.00 96.17
2067.21 104.84
2273.33 101.96
2337.01 109.09
2277.03 115.48
2162.92 117.74
2234.99 124.93
0.6 1.1 0.4
5.0
5.1
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.4
5.6
7063.99
8001.95
9898.80
11670.85
11668.45
11357.07
11681.22
2.5
0.27
0.26
0.23
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
-1.8 -1.8
118
112
100
87
85
83
83
250.18
266.59
282.42
302.03
304.83
307.48
310.47
1.1
7.65
7.75
8.05
7.74
7.47
7.03
7.20
-0.4
Electricity generation (TWh) (3)
3202.8
3558.4
4025.9
4323.9
4343.0
4165.4
4337.1
1.4
of which: Renewables (TWh) (1)(3)
369.24
384.34
330.36
361.81
391.02
428.70
434.26
0.8
Renew./Total Elec.(%) (1)(4)
11.5
10.8
8.2
8.4
9.0
10.3
10.0
-0.6
391.4
434.9
490.7
537.9
518.0
503.1
..
1.3
-
2.65
3.19
14.36
19.58
22.17
..
-
Liq. biofuels/road tr.(%) (5) 0.6 0.6 2.7 3.8 4.4 Renewables do not include industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. In units of toe per thousand 2000 US dollars. Electricity generation = gross production - amount of electricity produced in pumped storage plants. Electricity share generated from renewables over the total electricity production. Energy from liquid biofuels consumed in road transport over the total energy consumed in road transport.
-
-
Road energy consumption (Mtoe) of which: Liquid biofuels (Mtoe) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and OECD Main Economic Indicators .
2. Net generating capacity of renewable and waste sources (MW) Average annual percent change
Total capacity Hydro
1990
1995
108105 e
115442 e
2009
2010e
90-09
114920
131145
139856
151213
..
1.8
98881
99771
99788
100678
..
0.5
-
21387
19522
21886
21858
22160
..
-
2669
2968
2793
2214
2229
2382
..
-0.6
1153 e
1614 e
..
1.8
-
67 e
176 e
974 e
339
333
419
465
465
472
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1911
1731
2377
16515
24651
34296
..
16.4 -0.2
Tide, wave, ocean Wind
2008
100060
Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal
2007
92360
of which: pumped storage Geothermal
2000
Industrial waste
538 e
696 e
638
366
527
522
..
Municipal waste
2001 e
2191 e
2627
2218
2215
2227
..
0.6
Solid biofuels
7958 e
6961 e
6129
7056
7172
7264
..
-0.5
329 e
435 e
880
1491
1574
1575
..
8.6
-
-
-
75
82
183
..
-
Solar collectors surface (1000 m 2)
18530
21215
19395
17843
18439
18516
..
-0.0
Cap. of solar collectors (MWth) (1)
12971
14851
13577
12490
12907
12961
..
-0.0
Biogases Liquid biofuels
2
(1) Converted at 0.7 kWth/m of solar collector area, as estimated by the IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
476 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED STATES 3. Gross electricity production from renewable and waste sources (GWh) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total electricity1
395066
419738
372679
400272
429121
464487
467775
0.9
Hydro
288960
337856
279986
275545
281995
298410
283509
0.2
15808
23740
26782
25926
25281
22820
24333
2.0
16012
14941
14621
16798
16873
17046
17148
0.3
3
4
183
1000
1213
1698
1698
39.6
663
824
526
673
879
816
816
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wind
3066
3196
5650
34603
55696
74226
95202
18.3
Industrial waste
4710
4268
7170
5006
5344
5532
1904
0.9
Municipal waste renew.
5306
7386
8364
9578
9513
9469
9258
3.1
Municipal waste non-renew.
5307
7387
8363
7526
7474
7440
7283
1.8
68545
40587
42586
41990
41619
40478
42039
-2.7
2494
3289
5230
7469
8427
9281
8821
7.2
-
-
-
84
88
91
97
-
Electricity only plants
333179
382658
330831
361053
391144
426767
..
1.3
Hydro
288960
337856
279986
275545
281995
298410
..
0.2
15808
23740
26782
25926
25281
22820
..
2.0
16012
14941
14621
16798
16873
17046
..
0.3
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean
Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
of which:
of which: pumped storage Geothermal Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Tide, wave, ocean Wind Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
3
4
183
1000
1213
1698
..
39.6
663
824
526
673
879
816
..
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3066
3196
5650
34603
55696
74226
..
18.3
749
440
923
1116
1429
1426
..
3.4
4846
6716
7263
8509
8460
8356
..
2.9
4847
6716
7262
6686
6647
6565
..
1.6
11539
8887
10512
9635
10537
10251
..
-0.6
2494
3078
3905
6474
7407
7962
..
6.3
-
-
-
14
8
11
..
-
CHP plants
61887
37080
41848
39219
37977
37720
..
-2.6
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3961
3828
6247
3890
3915
4106
..
0.2 4.8
Municipal waste non-renew. Solid biofuels Biogases Liquid biofuels
Industrial waste Municipal waste renew.
460
670
1101
1069
1053
1113
..
Municipal waste non-renew.
460
671
1101
840
827
875
..
3.4
57006
31700
32074
32355
31082
30227
..
-3.3
-
211
1325
995
1020
1319
..
-
Solid biofuels Biogases
70 80 80 .. Liquid biofuels (1) Total electricity includes the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage. Electricity from renewable sources does not include the electricity produced from industrial waste, non-renewable municipal waste and pumped storage production. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
-
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 477
UNITED STATES 4A. Heat production(1) from renewable and waste sources in the transformation sector (TJ)
Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
Total heat
-
28539
27118
47677
44549
47392
50550
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
4589
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
3635
7626
5996
6372
6572
6193
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
3635
7625
4711
5006
5164
4937
-
Solid biofuels
-
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
33540
-
Biogases
-
-
2191
1281
1062
999
1291
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHP plants
-
28539
27118
47677
44549
47392
..
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
1993
187
3525
3751
3818
..
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
3635
7626
5996
6372
6572
..
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
3635
7625
4711
5006
5164
..
-
Solid biofuels
-
19276
9489
32164
28358
30839
..
-
Biogases
-
-
2191
1281
1062
999
..
-
Liquid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Heat only plants
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Geothermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solar thermal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial waste
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal waste non-renew.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Solid biofuels
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Biogases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Liquid biofuels (1) Waste heat and heat production from heat pumps are not included and are reported separately in Table 4B.
-
-
Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics
4B. Heat production from heat pumps and waste heat (TJ) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
Total heat
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
90-09 -
Heat pumps(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(-) Input to heat pumps
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Other sources (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1) Installations producing heat for own use are not included. (2) Refers to production from hydrogen, purchased steam from industry, and waste heat. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Statistics
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
478 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED STATES 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent
Production Imports Exports Stock changes
TPES Statistical differences Main activity electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity CHP plants Autoproducer CHP plants Main heat plants Autopoducer heat plants Charcoal production plants Other transformation Energy Industry own use Losses
TFC Industry Iron and steel Chemical and petrochemical Non-ferrous metals Non-mettalic minerals Transport equipment Machinery Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Textile and leather Non-specified Transport Road Other Other Residential Commercial and public services Agriculture/forestry Fishing Non-specified Electricity generated - GWh Electricity plants CHP plants Heat generated - TJ CHP plants Heat plants
Hydro
23701 23701 -23531 -170 275590 275590 -
Wind
6383 6383 -6383 74226 74226 -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
Tide wave ocean
-
Geothermal
Solar PV
146 146 -14 -133 1698 1698 -
e
e
e
e e
8167 8167 -7947 219 106 106 113 33 81 17046 17046 -
Solar thermal
1555 1555 -181 1375 1375 1375 816 816 -
Industrial waste
2871 2871 -231 -129 -155 -753 1604 1602 114 427 21 1038 1 2 2 5532 1426 4106 3818 3818 -
Mun. waste renew.
4004 4004 -2893 -327 -383 -64 337 61 61 276 276 9469 8356 1113 6572 6572 -
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 479
UNITED STATES 5. Renewable and waste balance for 2009 (continued) Mun. waste nonren.
3146 3146 -2273 -257 -301 -50 265 48 48 217 217 7440 6565 875 5164 5164 -
Wood/ wood waste
46526 46526 -3449 -5 -1432 -3891 37748 25380 60 6 533 19824 4798 160 12368 10292 1735 341 40478 10251 30227 30839 30839 -
Charcoal
-
Landfill gas
Sludge gas
4883 4883 -2127 -58 -191 -21 2486 2484 1 2483 2 2 8589 7772 817 330 330 -
-
Other biogases
Biogasoline
206 206 -47 -5 -30 -86 38 7 4 4 31 31 692 190 502 669 669 -
20953 379 -190 21142 21142 21142 21142 -
Other liquid biofuels
Biodiesel
1650 252 -867 -98 938 94 1031 1031 1031 -
88 88 -1 -1 -13 73 73 73 91 11 80 -
Total renew. & waste sources
124279 631 -867 -288 123756 94 -49077 -1085 -2492 -4878 66318 29761 174 433 1 558 20939 4799 2858 22173 22173 14384 11700 2344 341 441667 403947 37720 47392 47392 -
Share in total energy sources
7.4% 0.1% 0.5% x 5.7% x x x x x 4.5% 11.5% 0.3% 1.8% 0.0% 2.0% 42.9% 39.7% 21.8% 3.8% 4.4% 2.9% 4.5% 1.1% 2.4% 10.6% 10.5% 12.3% 9.1% 9.1% -
Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
480 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
590501 590501 576432 14069 14069
554876 554876 537876 17000 17000
548091 548091 526356 21735 4642 17093
367930 367930 324567 43363 4959 38404
339297 339297 329063 10234 4959 5275
341983 341983 332804 9179 4431 4748
352244 352244 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-2.8 -2.8 -2.8 -2.2 -5.6
2387 2387 2387 -
2967 2967 2967 -
61691 61691 6216 55475 55475
65519 65519 8193 57326 57326
65129 65129 7564 57565 57565
65601 65601 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
19.0 19.0 6.3 -
Geothermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Solar thermal (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
65871 e 65871 e 5569 60302 60302
Industrial waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
80721 e 80721 e 80721 e -
128432 128432 125190 3242 3242 -
172192 172192 69406 102786 102131 655
137921 137921 46643 91278 90652 626
103305 103305 52693 50612 50531 81
120217 120217 53054 67163 67078 85
63339 63339 .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.1 2.1 -2.2 -
86915 e 86915 e 86915 e -
135119 135119 135119 -
171490 171490 128715 42775 23850 18925
164485 164485 152341 12144 3775 8369
169671 169671 154846 14825 2623 12202
167662 167662 153553 14109 2548 11561
164735 164735 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.5 3.5 3.0 -
Municipal waste - renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - 481
UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewable and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
135118 135118 135118 -
171489 171489 128714 42775 23850 18925
129238 129238 119696 9542 2966 6576
133314 133314 121666 11648 2061 9587
131736 131736 120649 11087 2003 9084
129044 129044 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
2.2 2.2 1.7 -
2321772 e 2321772 e 1375699 e 946073 379180 566893
2401242 2401242 1281621 1119621 477117 642504
2303809 2303809 502381 1801428 1294091 507337
2157987 2157987 394897 1763090 1246816 516274
2112246 2112246 382917 1729329 1190082 539247
1948306 1948306 367564 1580742 1062810 517932
2051143 2051143 .. .. .. .. .. ..
-0.9 -0.9 -6.7 2.7 5.6 -0.5
30674 e 30674 e 30674 e -
42788 42788 42788 -
117526 117526 58068 59458 57035 2423
173398 173398 80121 93277 92744 533
187432 187432 94704 92728 92516 212
204470 204470 100364 104106 104015 91
213490 213490 .. .. .. .. .. ..
10.5 10.5 6.4 -
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. .. .. ..
-
Municipal waste - non-renewables (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
86914 86914 86914 -
Wood/wood waste/other solid waste (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Landfill gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Sludge gas (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
-
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
482 - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2011 Edition)
UNITED STATES 6. Aggregated renewables and waste statistics (continued) Average annual percent change
1990
1995
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010e
90-09
-
-
6440 6440 5254 1186 364 822
10276 10276 7769 2507 370 2137
8606 8606 7082 1524 363 1161
8621 8621 7011 1610 309 1301
8176 8176 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
4063000 49000 26000 4138000 8000 4146000 4146000
4498000 15000 79000 4592000 365000 4957000 4957000
19554534 1317003 -223537 20648000 20648000 20648000
27913980 1588161 -465141 29037000 29037000 29037000
32798992 594458 -298451 33094999 1 33095000 33095000
39674811 30605 -169416 39536000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
20667 333 21000 21000 21000
1632750 -438896 146 1194000 1194000 1194000
2260353 -1207701 347 1052999 1 1053000 1053000
1687582 -628400 -99702 959480 95520 1055000 1055000
1036195 -274101 6906 769000 .. .. ..
x x -
-
-
-
177815 177815 25000 152815 152815 -
165422 165422 27508 137914 137914 -
169745 169745 27497 142248 142248 -
214520 214520 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.. .. .. ..
-
Other biogases (TJ) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Biogasoline (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Biodiesel (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Transport
Other liquid biofuels (tonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Transformation processes Energy industry own use Losses Final energy consumption Industry Transport Other
Charcoal (kilotonnes) Production Net imports (1) Stock changes Gross consumption Statistical differences Final energy consumption Industry Other
(1) Net imports = total imports - total exports. Source: IEA/OECD Renewables Statistics, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries
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Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA
Principal Qualifications
The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 34 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.
• University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business.
The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from Member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of Member and Non-Member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).
• Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic. • Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently. • Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry. • Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. • Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required. Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries start at 3 050 Euros per month. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email:
[email protected]
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IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in Luxembourg by Imprimerie Centrale, July 2011 (61 2011 09 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-10161-6