Shanghai Education (Shanghai Series)

SHANGHAI EDUCATION Sponsored by The Information Oﬃce of the State Council, The People’s Republic of China Supported...

Author: Professor Shen Xiaoming

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SHANGHAI

EDUCATION

Sponsored by The Information Oﬃce of the State Council, The People’s Republic of China

Supported by The Information Oﬃce of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai Series Editorial Committee General Consultant: Wang Zhongwei Editor-in-chief: Song Chao Deputy Editors-in-chief: Wang Jianjun and Hu Dawei

SHANGHAI

EDUCATION SHEN XIAOMING

(Shanghai Century Publishing Co., Ltd.)

Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States

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SHANGHAI EDUCATION by Shen Xiaoming Copyright © 2007 by (a division of ). ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Original Chinese © Shanghai Century Publishing Co., Ltd. For more information, please contact: (a division of ) 5 Shenton Way #01-01 UIC Building Singapore 068808 Or visit our Internet site at http://www.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, contact us by Tel: (65) 6410 1200 Fax: (65) 6410 1208 Email: ofﬁces in Asia: Bangkok, Beijing, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo. Printed in Singapore. 1 2 3 4 5 SLP 11 10 09 08 07 ISBN-13: 978-981-240-881-5 ISBN-10: 981-240-881-9

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Contents

List of Figures

ix

List of Tables

x

Preface

xi

Chapter 1 1. 2. 3.

Review of Education in Shanghai before 1949 Review of Education in Shanghai since 1949 Prospects of Education in Shanghai

Chapter 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Review and Outlook

Basic Education

Introduction Two-tier Government, Two-tier Management Primary and Secondary Schools in the Private Sector Staﬀ Training Implementation of the Teacher Qualiﬁcation System Attracting Talents Cultivating Outstanding Principals and Teachers IT Training Programs for Teachers Balanced Development of Compulsory Education Standardization of Primary and Secondary Schools Reinforcing the Junior High School System Developing Modern Boarding Senior High Schools Developing Experimental or Model Senior High Schools 14. Reforming the Entrance Examination and Enrolment of Senior High Schools 15. The Second Phase of Curriculum Reform 16. Bilingual Teaching

1 1 5 14 17 17 20 22 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39

Contents

vi

17. Class Size Reduction Program 18. Educational Information Network and Resources 19. Alleviating Academic Burden on Students in Primary and Secondary Schools 20. The Arts Curriculum 21. Practical Activities for Students of the Arts 22. Curriculum Reform and Physical Education 23. National Defense Education in Primary and Secondary Schools 24. Organizations and Facilities for Juvenile Co-curricular Activities 25. Diversifying the Popularization of Science 26. Students’ Health Care 27. Preschool Education 28. Special Education 29. Education for Ethnic Minorities 30. Support for and Collaboration with Other Provinces Chapter 3 Higher Education 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Introduction Reform of the Management System Innovation of the Investment and Financing System Restructuring the Layout Project 211 Cooperative Running of Universities in Southwestern Shanghai Cooperation in the Running of Universities in Northeastern Shanghai Recruitment and Entrance Examinations University Recruitment in Shanghai University Graduate Employment in Shanghai Development of Top-Quality Curriculum Graduate Education Management of Teaching Staﬀ Appointment of Academic Staﬀ Selecting and Fostering Excellent Young Teachers

40 40 41 43 43 44 45 46 47 47 48 50 52 53 57 57 60 62 63 64 65 66 68 69 70 70 71 72 73 74

Contents

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Developing Key Disciplines Science, Technology, Humanities, and Social Sciences Integration of Industry, Universities, and Research University Science Parks Higher Special Education

Chapter 4

Vocational Education

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction Prioritizing Market and Employment Developing Key Secondary Vocational Schools Developing 100 Key Specializations Inter-regional Joint Recruitment and School Management 6. Talent Training by “Order” 7. Enhancing Career Guidance and Employment 8. Building Open Training Centers 9. Curriculum Development and Reform in Secondary Vocational Education 10. Typical Features of Higher Vocational Education in Shanghai 11. A Channel between Secondary and Higher Vocational Education 12. Vocational Qualiﬁcation Certiﬁcate System Chapter 5 1. 2. 3. 4.

Adult Education

Introduction A Learning City Higher Education for Adults Improving the Educational Network and Developing Distance Learning 5. Training Urgently Needed Talents 6. Pilot Programs in Community Education 7. Training the Suburban Labor Force 8. Private Non-academic Education 9. Education for Senior Residents 10. Corporate Education

vii

75 76 77 79 81 83 83 86 88 90 91 92 94 96 98 99 101 102 103 103 104 106 108 109 111 112 113 115 116

Contents

viii

Chapter 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

International Exchanges

International Students Establishing Schools for Children of Foreigners Cooperation and Exchanges with Sister Cities Exchanges with Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Sino–Foreign Joint Educational Programs

199 119 120 121 121 122

Annex: Figures and Tables

127

Index

141

List of Figures

Figure 1

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic titles in institutions of higher education

133

Figure 2

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcation in Secondary Specialized Schools

135

Figure 3

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcations in secondary schools

136

Figure 4

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic 137 qualiﬁcations in vocational senior high schools

Figure 5

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcations in primary schools

138

List of Tables

Table 1

Basic statistics of regular schools in Shanghai by level and type

127

Table 2

Basic statistics of adult schools in Shanghai by level and type

129

Table 3

Basic statistics of regular institutions of higher education

130

Table 4

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcation in institutions of higher education

133

Table 5

Basic statistics of secondary specialized schools

134

Table 6

Number of schools and classes of secondary schools

135

Table 7

Basic statistics of vocational secondary schools

136

Table 8

Basic statistics of primary schools

138

Table 9

Basic statistics of kindergartens

139

Table 10

Breakdown of kindergarten heads and teachers by 139 educational qualiﬁcations

Table 11

Basic statistics of special education schools

140

Preface

Shanghai is China’s economic, commercial, and trade center, as well as a culturally strategic place. Shanghai’s history can be traced to 1843 and its development is arguably an epitome of modern China. Here, Chinese and Western cultures converge, exuding the charms of an international metropolis. But it was not until the 1990s when serious eﬀorts were made to develop Shanghai into a center of international economy, ﬁnance, trade, and shipping, resulting in a remarkable rise of its overall competitiveness and international inﬂuence. Given that education in general underlies economic, political, and cultural progress, it was consequently placed high on the agenda of socio-economic development, staying ahead of other industries and fueling Shanghai’s fast economic growth. At the same time, comprehensive reforms under the opening-up policy and socialist modernization drive have created essential conditions and favorable prospects for educational advancement. Shanghai is exploring new ways of developing its education with unique Chinese characteristics. Educational institutions in Shanghai have produced a large number of talented people for both the municipality and the country. In the 1990s, Shanghai took the lead in the country by successfully universalizing its nine-year compulsory education and the senior secondary education, with relevant criteria well met. It also started universalizing higher education at the beginning of the 21st century. Vocational education has registered tremendous progress, given its close ties to economic development. Not only has Shanghai laid a solid foundation in education, but also demonstrated unique features by establishing a cluster of prestigious institutions staﬀed with outstanding talents. This book presents a comprehensive picture of education in Shanghai for readers all over the world. It covers all levels and types of education, as well as major achievements. A thorough understanding of the educational development in Shanghai will

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#BTJD &EVDBUJPO

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4JOPm'SFODI *OTUJUVUF PG 'BTIJPO %FTJHO JO 4IBOHIBJ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG &OHJOFFSJOH 5FDIOPMPHZ ѮF LFZ UP UIF TVDDFTT PG UIFTF TQFDJBM J[BUJPOT MJFT JO UIFJS DMPTF UJF XJUI JOEVTUSJBM EFWFMPQNFOU ѮFTF TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT IBWF CSPVHIU PVU UBMFOUT XBSNMZ XFMDPNFE CZ JO EVTUSJFT BOE FOUFSQSJTFT ѮSPVHI UIFTF KPJOU FEVDBUJPO QSPHSBNT BEWBODFE FEVDBUJPOBM DPODFQUT BOE NPEFT XFSF JOUSPEVDFE ѮF IJHIFS WPDBUJPOBM FEVDBUJPO JT B DBTF JO QPJOU ѮF DPODFQUT BOE NPEFT UIVT JOUSPEVDFEIFMQFEUIFIJHIFSWPDBUJPOBMFEVDBUJPOJO4IBOHIBJXJUI EFWFMPQNFOUPGTQFDJBMJ[BUJPOTBOEDVSSJDVMB'PSFYBNQMF 4IBOHIBJ $PNNFSDJBM1PMZUFDIOJDDPMMBCPSBUFEXJUI4PVUIFSO4ZEOFZ*OTUJUVUF PG 5"'& UP PĒFS *OUFSOBUJPOBM #VTJOFTT BOE 4FOJPS "DDPVOUJOH *U RVJDLMZ JODPSQPSBUFE UISPVHI UIFTF UXP TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT UIF "VTUSBMJBO DVSSJDVMB UFBDIJOH HVJEFMJOFT JNQMFNFOUBUJPO TDIFEVMF BOE UFTU BQQSPBDIFT *U BMTP SFTUSVDUVSFE JUT FYJTUJOH TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT DSFBUFE OFX POFT BOE FYQMPSFE UIF NPEF PG IJHIFS WPDBUJPOBM FEVDBUJPO TVJUBCMF UP $IJOB ѮSPVHI UIF KPJOU &OHMJTI QSPHSBNT BEWBODFE MFBSOJOH NBUFSJBMT BOE MBUFTU QFEBHPHJFT XFSF JOUSPEVDFE ѮF $IJOFTF QBSUOFST IBWF CFOFêUFE GSPN UIF GPSFJHO QBSUOFST DPODFQU PG BOE FYQFSJFODF JO FEVDBUJPOBM NBOBHFNFOU XIJDI XFSF UIFO BQQMJFE UP UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT BOE DVMUJWBUJPO PG CJMJOHVBM UFBDIJOH TUBĒ 4IBOHIBJ *OTUJUVUF PG 'PSFJHO 5SBEF QSFTFOUT B HPPE FYBNQMF *U JOUSPEVDFE GPSFJHO UFYUCPPLT SFDPOTUSVDUFE JUT PSJHJOBM TQFDJBMJ[BUJPOT BOE DVMUJWBUFE BO FĒFDUJWF CJMJOHVBM UFBDIJOH TUBĒ ѮJT IBT HSFBUMZ JNQSPWFE UIF JOTUJUVUFT QSPWJTJPO PG FEVDBUJPO GPS PWFSTFBT TUVEFOUT 5P FOIBODF 4IBOHIBJT DPNQFUJUJWFOFTT PO UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBM FEVDBUJPO TDFOF BOE BDDFMFSBUF UIF JOUSPEVDUJPO PG RVBMJUZ FEVDBUJPOBM SFTPVSDFT GSPN BCSPBE UIF .&$ PG 4IBOHIBJ JT DPNNJUUFE UP JNQSPWJOH UIF SVOOJOH PG MPDBM TDIPPMT UP NBLF UIFN JOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ DPNQFUJUJWF JOUSPEVDJOH GPSFJHO DPPQFSBUJWF QSPHSBNT JO MJHIU PG VSCBO EFWFMPQNFOU BOE TPDJBM QSPHSFTT BOE DPOTJEFSJOHUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTBOEMFWFMTPGEJĒFSFOUUZQFTPGTDIPPMT 4IBOHIBJ BMTP MBVODIFE TPNF KPJOU QSPKFDUT XJUI JOUFSOBUJPOBMMZ SFOPXOFE VOJWFSTJUJFT &YBNQMFT JODMVEF UIF TQFDJBM QSPHSBN PO NVMUJMBUFSBM BĒBJST CFUXFFO &BTU $IJOB /PSNBM 6OJWFSTJUZ BOE *OTUJUVU 6OJWFSTJUBJSF EF )BVUFT &UVEFT *OUFSOBUJPOBMT UIF QSPHSBN

*OUFSOBUJPOBM &YDIBOHFT

PG FMFDUSPOJD BOE DPNQVUFS FOHJOFFSJOH CFUXFFO 4IBOHIBJ +JBPUPOH 6OJWFSTJUZ BOE (FPSHJB *OTUJUVUF PG 5FDIOPMPHZ 4IBOHIBJ #SJUJTI $PMMFHF 6445 DPGPVOEFE CZ 4IBOHIBJ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ BOE VOJWFSTJUJFT JO UIF6, JODMVEJOHUIF6OJWFSTJUZ PG .BODIFTUFS 4IFēFME 6OJWFSTJUZ 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -FFET BOE 6OJWFSTJUZ PG -JWFSQPPM BOE 4IBOHIBJ +JBPUPOHm.JDIJHBO 6OJUFE $PMMFHF KPJOUMZ FTUBCMJTIFE CZ 4IBOHIBJ +JBPUPOH 6OJWFSTJUZ BOE 6OJWFSTJUZ PG .JDIJHBO "U UIF TBNF UJNF 4IBOHIBJ IBT TUSFOHUIFOFE UIF TUBOEBSEJ[FE NBOBHFNFOU PG UIF 4JOPm'PSFJHO KPJOU FEVDBUJPOBM QSPHSBNT JO PSEFS UP FOTVSF UIFJS TPVOE EFWFMPQNFOU 5P UIJT FOE GPSFJHO TQFDVMBUPST BSF QSPIJCJUFE GSPN WFOUVSJOH JOUP UIF FEVDBUJPO TFDUPS UISPVHI VORVBMJêFE PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BU IPNF )BWJOH B TUBOEBSEJ[FE NBOBHFNFOU JO QMBDF BMTP IFMQT QSPUFDU UIF MFHJUJNBUF SJHIUT PG TDIPPM QBSUOFST UIF JOWPMWFE JOTUJUVUJPOT BOE UIF MFBSOFST "ѫFS B ZFBSPGQSVEFOUDIFDLTBOESFFWBMVBUJPO VORVBMJêFEFEVDBUJPOBM JOTUJUVUJPOTBOEQSPKFDUTIBWFCFFOPSEFSFEUPDMPTFEPXOѮF.&$ PG 4IBOHIBJ IBT QVU JO QMBDF B RVBMJUZ DFSUJêDBUJPO TZTUFN GPS BMM 4JOPm'PSFJHOKPJOUFEVDBUJPOBMJOTUJUVUJPOTBOEQSPHSBNTXJUIBWJFX UP SFHVMBUJOH UIF DPMMBCPSBUJWF JOTUJUVUJPOT BOE QSPHSBNT GPS IJHIFS RVBMJUZ *U IBT BMTP FTUBCMJTIFE B RVBMJUZ DFSUJêDBUJPO DPNNJUUFF UP HVJEF BOE TVQFSWJTF UIF KPJOU FEVDBUJPOBM QSPHSBNT

1.77 0.75

25

Professional technical colleges

Reg. secondary schools Sec. specialized schools Skilled worker schools Reg. schools Senior high schools Junior high schools Vocational schools Senior high schools Junior high schools Reformatories

Reg. online inst. of higher education

37 36 1 13

32.66 3.39 1.43 25.39 10.10 15.29 2.33 2.29 0.04 0.12

2.25

8.57

35

Universities (including junior colleges)

979 81 41 807

3.10

10.34

60

Reg. inst. of higher education

26.80 3.33 0.66 20.90 9.94 10.96 1.83 1.82 0.01 0.08

10.08

13.18

2.77 2.59 0.18

1.67 1.58 0.09

51 19 32

Graduate education Inst. of higher education Research organizations

Total

65.13

Entrants

65.57

Schools Graduates

99.89 13.67 3.14 77.02 30.82 46.20 5.77 5.73 0.04 0.29

5.82

8.20

36.06

44.26

7.87 7.36 0.51

240.56

0.54 0.53 0.01 0.06

9.40 1.09 0.25 7.46

0.65

6.44

7.09

24.38

Enrolment Teachers, Staff, & Workers

0.04

6.19 0.53 0.18 5.12 1.81 3.31 0.32 0.32

0.38

2.80

3.18

14.91

Full-time Teachers

Basic statistics of regular schools in Shanghai by level and type (unit: 10,000 persons)

2,793

Item

Table 1

Annex: Figures and Tables

Item

0.09 9.13

28

1,035

9.70

0.07

10.36

Entrants

28.70

0.52

53.50

2.79

0.16

4.94

Enrolment Teachers, Staff, & Workers

1.70

0.10

3.74

Full-time Teachers

Notes: 1. The recruitment ﬁgure of kindergartens refers to that particular year. 2. The data of Skilled Workers Schools were collected by the end of 2004; the ﬁgure of recruitment was collected in 2005; both were provided by Shanghai Social Security Bureau. 3. Besides 60 regular universities, there are four independent secondary institutions which are not included.

Kindergartens

10.93

640

Schools Graduates

Basic statistics of regular schools in Shanghai by level and type (unit: 10,000 persons) (continued)

Special education schools

Primary schools

Table 1

128 SHANGHAI EDUCATION

0.71 0.05 0.58 0.08 4.93 1.06 3.68 0.19 2.04 2.78 0.44 0.06 0.38 2.34 177.47

21

1 16 4 (76) 13 41 22

65 42

901

23

7.68

21

0.37 0.37 0.04 0.33

0.01 0.79 0.11 5.60 0.71 4.39 0.50 2.81

0.91

9.32

9.69

Entrants

171.97

4.11 1.23 0.11 1.12 2.88

0.02 1.85 0.22 12.63 1.87 9.45 1.31 7.73

2.09

22.45

198.53

1.80

0.06

0.16 0.10

0.03 0.24 0.05

0.32

0.32

2.28

Enrolment Teachers, Staff, & Workers

0.74

0.04

0.09 0.05

0.01 0.12 0.02

0.15

0.15

0.98

Full-time Teachers

Notes: 1. In the above table, the enrolment ﬁgures of secondary schools and vocational and technical training institutions for adults are accumulated number of registered entrants since establishment, and the same applies to the number of graduates. 2. The number of university extensions, such as correspondence course, evening schools, and block release courses, refers to the number of schools. The sum is given in the parenthesis.

Primary & secondary schools for adults Specialized sec. schools for adults Full-time Part-time Secondary schools for adults Primary schools for adults Vocational and technical training institutions for adults

187.93

987

Schools Graduates

Basic statistics of adult schools in Shanghai by level and type (unit: 10,000 persons)

Institutions of higher education for adults Independent institutions of higher education for adults Radio/TV universities Workers’ colleges Institutes for administration University extensions Divisions of correspondence Evening schools Block release courses for adults Online colleges & universities for adults

Total

Item

Table 2

Annex: Figures and Tables 129

103,435

29,277

74,158

12,526

16,319

41,609

4,163

60

9

51

16

3

24

2

Under central ministries & agencies

Under municipal government

Private

Comprehensive University

University Sciences & Technology

University of Agriculture

Institutions Graduates

2,675

20,466

13,635

113

27,406

24,557

51,963

4,150

54,536

17,560

26,299

102,117

29,687

131,804

Graduate with Degrees Entrants

2,724

28,555

14,259

4,580

46,977

26,886

73,863

Entrants for Degree Course

15,495

182,519

68,946

66,941

32,5261

11,7359

44,2620

12,375

105,153

59,726

9,424

159,881

108,149

268,030

4,233

47,667

17,609

15,142

87,077

29,275

116,352

3,358

22,882

14,997

676

32,842

25,707

58,549

Enrolment Prospective for Graduates Degree Prospective with Enrolment Courses Graduates Degrees

Undergraduate Normal & Short-cycle Students

Basic statistics of regular institutions of higher education (unit: person)

Total

Index

Table 3

1,570

28,303

19,499

5,037

36,018

34,841

70,859

Teachers, Staff, & Workers

949

12,317

7,522

3,041

18,326

13,489

31,815

Full-time Teachers

130 SHANGHAI EDUCATION

3,588

19,958

3,448

2

17

3

1

College of Liberal Arts

University of Finance & Economics

University of Political Science & Law

University of Physical Education

929

8,043

2

Normal University

683

2

Institutions Graduates

929

1,613

3,937

1,198

6,917

268

994

5,230

29,473

3,853

9,335

1,023

Graduate with Degrees Entrants

994

3,546

11,922

1,528

8,560

751

Entrants for Degree Course

3,932

13,871

86,809

13,019

35,755

4,302

3,932

9,698

31,871

5,710

33,101

3,410

968

3,095

23,051

3,926

9,136

726

968

1,316

4,633

1,334

8,195

385

Enrolment Prospective for Graduates Degree Prospective with Enrolment Courses Graduates Degrees

Undergraduate Normal & Short-cycle Students

717

2,137

7,190

1,702

7,014

1,208

374

1,095

4,319

864

3,163

378

Teachers, Staff, & Full-time Workers Teachers

Basic statistics of regular institutions of higher education (unit: person) (continued)

University of Medicine & Pharmacy

Index

Table 3

Annex: Figures and Tables 131

Institution of higher education for adults

University for Minorities

College of Arts

Index

4

3,380

1,315

325

2,541

3,109

Graduate with Degrees Entrants 1,024

Entrants for Degree Course

10,172

7,800

3,032

4,493

1,448

481

Enrolment Prospective for Graduates Degree Prospective with Enrolment Courses Graduates Degrees

Undergraduate Normal & Short-cycle Students

1,519

834

Teachers, Staff, & Full-time Workers Teachers

Basic statistics of regular institutions of higher education (unit: person) (continued)

Institutions Graduates

Table 3

132 SHANGHAI EDUCATION

Figure 1

86

1,298

3,320 2,152 1,168

4,704

Professors

331

3,975

5,112 2,525 2,587

9,418

Associate Professor

369

4,986

6,149 1,871 4,278

11,504

Lecturers

92

2,071

2,278 53 2,225

4,441

Assistants

36.16%

13.96%

5.49%

29.60%

14.79%

Titleless

Assistant

Lecturer

Associate Professor

Professor

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic titles in institutions of higher education

921

12,729

Graduates with Bachelor’s Degrees

Graduates with Associate Degrees and below

18,165 6,994 11,171

Postgraduate PG with Doctorate Degrees PG with Master’s Degrees

Full-time Teachers 31,815

Index

43

399

1,306 393 913

1,748

Titleless

Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcation in institutions of higher education (unit: persons)

Total

Table 4

Annex: Figures and Tables 133

3,972

2,616 1,281

5,968 2,324 6,528 3,891 2,622 1,247

Information Technology

Medicine & health

Business, trade, and tourism

Finance & economics

Arts & sports

Social affairs

Others

3,558

1,940

Transportation

23

3,213

5,920

2,638

5,793

5,420

Processing manufacturing

565 1,951

57

1,065

703

1,137 843

780

930

31,689

829

33,298

Entrants

1,886

3

32,464

469

1

77

33,863

Graduates

81

Schools

236

5,889

12,640

12,936

26,510

12,419

17,271

8,027

23,793

8,702

1,341

4,400

2,566

2,904

131,743

2,083

136,730

Enrolment

92

1,871

3,043

3,458

7,191

2,342

5,108

1,567

6,745

2,453

118

1,026

581

1,176

34,068

351

35,595

Prospect Graduates

202

10,458

195

10,855

Teachers, Staff, & Workers

Basic statistics of secondary specialized schools (unit: person)

Civil engineering & irrigation works

Energy resources

Natural resources & environment

Agriculture & forestry

Run by NGOs

Under municipal government

Under central ministries & agencies

Total

Index

Table 5

125

5,092

95

5,312

Full-time Teachers

134 SHANGHAI EDUCATION

Annex: Figures and Tables

135

Figure 2 Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcation in Secondary Specialized Schools 77.88% PhD Master Bachelor Associate Degree 12.74%

5.72% Others

Table 6

3.52%

0.13%

Number of schools and classes of secondary schools Others

Item

Total

Urban

Suburban

Rural

Rear Bases

Schools for Children of Migrant Workers

Schools

807

465

329

13

14

Complete Secondary Schools

184

99

82

3

2

Senior High Schools

146

106

40

Junior High Schools

342

205

131

6

4

13

Continuum Schools

135

55

76

4

6

68

18,660 11,966 6694

11,025 6,722 4,303

7,451 5,078 2,373

184 166 18

209 139 70

480 480

Classes Junior Senior

81

2

136

SHANGHAI EDUCATION

Figure 3 Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcations in secondary schools Bachelor

30000 25000 20000

Associate Degree

15000 10000

Postgraduate

5000

Senior High School Graduate

Others

0 Junior High School

Table 7

Item

Senior High School

Basic statistics of vocational secondary schools (unit: persons)

Prospective Schools Graduates Entrants Enrolment Graduates

Teachers, Staff, & Full-time Workers Teachers

Total

36

22,946

18,238

57,255

19,651

5,289

3,193

Run by central ministries and agencies

30

22,132

17,538

54,761

18,955

4,980

3,005

Run by local ed. dept.

3

421

290

1,108

348

143

91

Run by Local non-ed. dept.

3

393

410

1,386

348

166

97

353

209

718

232

Private Agriculture & forestry Natural resources & environment Energy resources

Annex: Figures and Tables Table 7

Item

137

Basic statistics of vocational secondary schools (unit: persons) (continued)

Prospective Schools Graduates Entrants Enrolment Graduates

Civil engineering and irrigation works

97

56

146

Processing and manufacturing

1,757

1,941

5,121

1,576

Transportation

1,681

3,411

8,272

1,979

Information technology

4,270

2,225

8,915

3,773

Medicine & healt

51

24

100

44

Business, trade, and tourism

8,590

5,832

19,118

7,215

Finance & economics

1,250

885

2,964

1,041

Arts & sports

2,366

1,942

6,817

2,306

Social affairs

1,730

1,114

3,444

1,251

626

1,640

234

Others

801

Teachers, Staff, & Full-time Workers Teachers

Figure 4 Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcations in vocational senior high schools 9.36% 1.03% 1.85%

Postgraduate Bachelor Associate Degree Senior High School Gradute and Others

87.75%

138

SHANGHAI EDUCATION Table 8

Basic statistics of primary schools (unit: persons) Others

Item

Total

Run by Ed. Dept.

Run by Non-Ed. Dept

Private

Rear Bases

For Children of Migrant Workers

Schools

640

616

5

19

10

209

Classes

15,316

14,338

139

839

180

3,291

535,041 103,815 106,277 107,159 108,526 109,264

503,531 96,991 99,905 100,986 102,361 103,288

5,229 890 986 1,076 1,097 1,180

26,281 5,934 5,386 5,097 5,068 4,796

5,321 1,071 1,016 1,029 1,047 1,158

160,943 33,930 27,461 27,994 28,312 25,258 17,988

Teachers, Staff, & Workers

49,360

47,431

424

1,505

671

6,686

Full-time Teachers

37,407

35,801

333

1,273

547

5,133

Students Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary

1 2 3 4 5 6

Figure 5 Breakdown of full-time teachers by academic qualiﬁcations in primary schools 16.75% 64.34%

0.42% 18.50%

Bachelor Associate Degree Senior High School Gradute Others

Annex: Figures and Tables Table 9

139

Basic statistics of kindergartens (unit: persons)

Index

Run by Ed. Dept.

Total

Independent Kindergartens

683

43

32

277

17

Classes 9,435 6,742 Children 287,001 214,158 Teachers, Staff, & Workers 27,902 18,721 Full-time Teachers 17,020 12,408

706 22,192 1,509 908

296 8,477 1,206 565

1,691 42,174 6,466 3,139

84 1,955 352 191

Table 10

1,035

Run by Run by Non-Ed. Communities Dept. Private Base

Breakdown of kindergarten heads and teachers by educational qualiﬁcations Graduates Graduates Graduates with of Senior with Associate Senior Degree Degree Schools

Others

Holders of Diploma in Pre-School Education

167

9

1,312

44.9

11.4

0.6

89.7

2,326

11,872

2,596

226

15,107

13.7

69.8

15.3

1.3

88.8

Index

Total

Kindergarten Heads

1,462

630

656

Percentage

100.0

43.1

17,020 100.0

Full-time Teachers Percentage

140

SHANGHAI EDUCATION

Table 11

Basic statistics of special education schools (unit: persons) Teachers, Staff, & Workers

Full-time Teachers

10,933 248 1,037 9,648

1,597

978

19

188

122

44

4

70

782

289

148

19

279

3,253

879

570

5

61

686

205

131

Attached to primary schools

44

311

90

74

Attached to middle schools

13

138

12

11

Item

Schools

Classes

Enrolment

Total Blind Hearing impaired Retarded

29

486 19 81 386

Schools for the blind

1

Schools for the Hearing impaired Schools for intellectually disabled children Others

Students in normal primary schools

2,156

Students in normal high schools

3,419

Notes: 1. Others refer to those schools that enroll students with multiple disabilities. 2. Students studying in normal primary and middle schools are not included in special education schools and classes.

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