Step by step: Учебно-методическое пособие по изучению английского языка для студентов начальных курсов

ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÂÎËÃÎÃÐÀÄÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ

Ë.À. ÊÎ×ÅÒÎÂÀ

STEP BY STEP Ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå

Âîëãîãðàä 2003 —1—

ÁÁÊ 81.432.1ÿ73 Ê75 Ðåöåíçåíòû: êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö., çàâ. êàôåäðîé èíîñòðàííûõ ÿçûêîâ ÂÌÀ Â.Ã. Æóðà; êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö. êàôåäðû ÐÃÔ ÂÃÏÓ Å.Â. Áîáûðåâà

Ïå÷àòàåòñÿ ïî ðåøåíèþ ðåäàêöèîííî-èçäàòåëüñêîãî ñîâåòà ÂîëÃÓ

Ê75

Êî÷åòîâà Ë.À. Step by step: Ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå ïî èçó÷åíèþ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ íà÷àëüíûõ êóðñîâ. — Âîëãîãðàä: Èçä-âî ÂîëÃÓ, 2003. — 80 ñ. ISBN 5-85534-778-8 Íàñòîÿùåå ïîñîáèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñáîðíèê óïðàæíåíèé, òåêñòîâ è äèàëîãîâ, ïîäîáðàííûõ ïî òåìàòè÷åñêîìó ïðèíöèïó è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî â êà÷åñòâå äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ê ó÷åáíèêó ïîä ðåäàêöèåé Â.Ä. Àðàêèíà «Ïðàêòè÷åñêèé êóðñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. I êóðñ». Ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ îòðàáîòêè è çàêðåïëåíèÿ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ è ëåêñè÷åñêèõ ðå÷åâûõ îáðàçöîâ, ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â ó÷åáíèêå, ñòóäåíòàìè-ïåðåâîä÷èêàìè, èçó÷àþùèìè àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê êàê âòîðîé èíîñòðàííûé, à òàêæå ñòóäåíòàìè-ôèëîëîãàìè.

ISBN 5-85534-778-8

© Ë.À. Êî÷åòîâà, 2003 © Èçäàòåëüñòâî Âîëãîãðàäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 2003 —2—

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Íàñòîÿùåå ïîñîáèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñáîðíèê ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ óïðàæíåíèé, äèàëîãîâ è òåêñòîâ ñ óïðàæíåíèÿìè, ïîäîáðàííûõ ïî òåìàòè÷åñêîìó ïðèíöèïó. Ïîñîáèå ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî êàê ïðèëîæåíèå ê ó÷åáíèêó «Ïðàêòè÷åñêèé êóðñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. I êóðñ» ïîä ðåäàêöèåé Â.Ä. Àðàêèíà äëÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíîé òðåíèðîâêè ìàòåðèàëà ó÷åáíèêà âî âðåìÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòû ó÷àùèõñÿ è äëÿ ðàáîòû â àóäèòîðèè ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ. Ïðåäíàçíà÷àåòñÿ äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ ìëàäøèõ êóðñîâ íåÿçûêîâûõ ôàêóëüòåòîâ è ñòóäåíòîâ-ïåðåâîä÷èêîâ, èçó÷àþùèõ àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê êàê âòîðîé èíîñòðàííûé. Öåëüþ äàííîãî ïîñîáèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ àâòîìàòèçàöèÿ ðå÷åâûõ íàâûêîâ, ðàçâèòèå íàâûêîâ áåãëîñòè ðå÷è, çàêðåïëåíèå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ è ëåêñè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé, à òàêæå ðàçâèòèå íàâûêîâ ãîâîðåíèÿ íà íà÷àëüíîì ýòàïå îáó÷åíèÿ. Ïîñîáèå ñîñòîèò èç 20 óðîêîâ, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ óðîêàì ó÷åáíèêà (ïåðâûé óðîê îáúåäèíÿåò òðè óðîêà ââîäíîãî êóðñà). Óðîêè ñ ïåðâîãî ïî âîñüìîé ñîäåðæàò ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå è ëåêñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ, à íà÷èíàÿ ñ äåâÿòîãî óðîêà — òåêñòû è äèàëîãè ïî îïðåäåëåííîé ðàçãîâîðíîé òåìå ñ óïðàæíåíèÿìè ïî ðàçâèòèþ íàâûêîâ óñòíîé è ïèñüìåííîé ðå÷è. Òåìàòèêà ðàçäåëîâ ïåðåêëèêàåòñÿ ñ ðàçãîâîðíûìè òåìàìè ó÷åáíèêà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåïîäàâàòåëþ èñïîëüçîâàòü ïîñîáèå ïàðàëëåëüíî ñ óðîêàìè ó÷åáíèêà, ðàñøèðÿÿ è äîïîëíÿÿ ìàòåðèàë êàæäîé òåìû. Óðîêè ïîñîáèÿ, íà÷èíàÿ ñ äåâÿòîãî, ñîñòîÿò èç òðåõ ðàçäåëîâ. Ïåðâûé ðàçäåë óðîêîâ âêëþ÷àåò òðåíèðîâî÷íûå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ ïî ìîäåëÿì. Êàæäîå óïðàæíåíèå, êàê ïðàâèëî, ñîñòîèò èç äâóõ ýëåìåíòîâ: ñòèìóëà, òî åñòü èñõîäíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ â âèäå âîïðîñà, âûñêàçûâàíèÿ èëè ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ è ïîäñêàçêè (ñëîâà èëè ñî÷åòàíèÿ ñëîâ), êîòîðàÿ äîëæíà áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà â îòâåòå. Ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ âûïîëíÿòü óïðàæíåíèÿ ïèñüìåííî, à ïîòîì ïåðåõîäèòü ê óñòíîé îòðàáîòêå ìàòåðèàëà, äîáèâàÿñü íåìåäëåííîé ðåàêöèè è àáñîëþòíî ïðàâèëüíî ïîñòðîåííîãî îòâåòà. Äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ëó÷øèõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ æåëàòåëüíî âûïîëíÿòü óïðàæíåíèÿ âñëóõ, îáðàùàÿ âíèìàíèå íå òîëüêî íà ïðàâèëüíîñòü îòâåòà, íî è íà åãî çâó÷àíèå. —3—

Âòîðîé ðàçäåë ñîñòîèò èç óïðàæíåíèé, êîòîðûå ñîäåðæàò îðèãèíàëüíûé ìàòåðèàë, çàèìñòâîâàííûé èç àíãëîÿçû÷íûõ ñëîâàðåé, è òðåíèðóþò ëåêñè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë óðîêà. Ó÷àùèìñÿ ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ óïðàæíåíèÿ íà îáðàòíûé ïåðåâîä ñ öåëüþ çàó÷èâàíèÿ îðèãèíàëüíûõ ðå÷åâûõ îáðàçöîâ, à òàêæå óïðàæíåíèÿ íà ïåðåôðàçèðîâàíèå, çàïîëíåíèå ïðîïóñêîâ è ïåðåâîä ñ ðóññêîãî íà àíãëèéñêèé.  òðåòüåì ðàçäåëå ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ äèàëîãè èëè òåêñòû ïî ïðîéäåííûì ðàçãîâîðíûì òåìàì, êîòîðûå ñîïðîâîæäàþòñÿ âîïðîñàìè ïî ñîäåðæàíèþ òåêñòîâ, òðåíèðóþò íåêîòîðûå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè, âñòðå÷àþùèåñÿ â òåêñòå, à òàêæå ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ òâîð÷åñêèå óïðàæíåíèÿ ïî ðàçâèòèþ íàâûêîâ óñòíîé è ïèñüìåííîé ðå÷è.

LESSON 1—3 Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Make them negative and interrogative. Model: This is a test. This isn’t a test. Is this a test? 1. This is a bed. 2. This is a sentence. 3. This is a penny. 4. This is a clock. 5. This is a big garden. 6. This is a difficult lesson. 7. This is a big car. 8. This is an old oak. 9. This is an easy text. 10. This is a yellow pencil. Exercise 2. Make up sentences according to the model. Model: This is a lake. This isn’t a lake.It’s a pond. Prompts: plan — map, text — test, pencil — pen, pie — cake, table — desk, book — notebook. Exercise 3. Read the general questions. Make the questions disjunctive. Model: Is the lesson easy? The lesson is easy, isn’t it? —4—

1. Is the park big? 2. Is the text difficult? 3. Is the book easy? 4. Is the oak old? 5. Is the tree big? 6. Is the car old? 7. Is the pencil good? 8. Is the clock old? 9. Is the desk empty? 10. Is the bird yellow? Exercise 4. Make up sentences according to the model. Model: This is a dog, isn’t it? No, it isn’t. It’s a cat. Prompts: text-test, park-garden, plan-map, book-notebook, table-desk, pencil-pen. Exercise 5. Transcribe the words and translate them into Russian. Easy, it, car, oak, clock, sentence, big, garden, bird, difficult, city, busy, little, box, new, book, star.

LESSON 4 Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Ask general questions and give ‘no’ answers. Model: Is it cold? — No, it isn’t. 1. It is dark. 2. It is late. 3. She is cold. 4. He is hot. 5. The lesson is difficult. 6. He is ill. 7. She is a doctor. 8. Nick is at home. 9. Ann is in hospital. 10. They are in the garden. 11. The family is small. 12. They are late. Exercise 2. Change the sentences into disjunctive questions. Give short answers to them. Model: It’s cold. — It’s cold, isn’t it? — Yes, it is. 1. The text is easy. 2. It’s hot. 3. The pencil is black. 4. This is milk. 5. It’s light in the room. 6. She is in the garden. 7. He is in hospital. 8. Betty is six. 9. Nick is at home. 10. He is busy. 11. They are late. 12. She is old. 13. The meat is cold. 14. They aren’t in the park. 15. His daughter is four. 16. The milk is cold.

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Exercise 3. Make up sentences according to the model. Model: That’s a city, isn’t it? Yes, it is. It’s a big city. Prompts: family-happy, coat-warm, film-old, text-easy, shopexpensive, cat-big, car-new, boat-good, bird-small, garden-big, pencil-red. Exercise 4. Make alternative questions using the pairs of words. Model: big, small. Is the house big or small? 1) hot, cold; 2) at home, in the garden; 3) light, dark; 4) five, six; 5) easy, difficult; 6) new, old; 7) cheap, expensive; 8) black, yellow; 9) young, old; 10) a park, a garden. Exercise 5. Transcribe the words and translate them into Russian. Bag, black, ten, arm, head, heart, harm, his, bird, board, daughter, family, father, meat.

LESSON 5 Exercise 1. Give the sentences in the plural. Model: This book is interesting. — These books are interesting. That is an easy sentence. — Those are easy sentences. 1. That car is expensive. 2. This book is old. 3. That house is new. 4. This is a fast car. 5. That’s a difficult text. 6. This test is easy. 7. This is an interesting story. 8. This tree is high. 9. That sentence is long. 10. This girl is busy. Exercise 2. Read the special questions and change them into general ones. Model: Why is he in bed? Is he in bed? Yes, he is.

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1. When is she busy? 2. Why are you late? 3. Why is he still in hospital? 4. Why is Betty in the park? 5. Why is Mrs. Sandford in bed? 6. Why is she still at work? 7. Why are they still at home? 8. Why is the child still in the garden? Exercise 3. Read the alternative questions and change them into disjunctive ones. Model: Are the books cheap or expensive? The books are expensive, aren’t they? 1. Is the car new or old? 2. Are the tickets cheap or expensive? 3. Is the text easy or difficult? 4. Is the text long or short? 5. Is the idea good or bad? 6. Is he busy or free? 7. Is the woman young or old? 8. Are the exercises easy or difficult? 9. Is Mrs. Sandford at home or in the park? 10. Is the house big or small? Exercise 4. Make the sentences interrogative and negative. Model: This book is as interesting as that one. Is this book as interesting as that one? This book isn’t so interesting as that one. 1. It is as warm today as yesterday. 2. Kate is as old as Ann. 3. This text is as long as that one. 4. This bag is as heavy as that one. 5. This chair is as comfortable as that one. 6. These trees are as high as those ones. 7. This car is as fast as that one. 8. These boots are as good as those ones. 9. These texts are as difficult as those ones. 10. These stories are as interesting as those ones. Exercise 5. Change the sentences as in the model using the comparative degree of adjectives. Model: This book is less interesting than that one. That book is more interesting. 1. That car is less expensive than this one. 2. These houses are less old than those ones. 3. That car is less fast than this one. 4. This book is less interesting than that one. 5. I am less rich than my friend. 6. That boy is less tall than this one. 7. I am less tired than you are. 8. This room is less light than that one. 9. These armchairs are less comfortable than those ones. 10. She is less active than I am.

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Exercise 6. Answer the questions using the superlative degree of adjectives. Model: Is the car fast? — It’s the fastest of all. 1. Is she a good student? 2. Is the book interesting? 3. Is he a tall boy? 4. Are the tickets expensive? 5. Is the city big? 6. Is the woman attractive? 7. Is the house large? 8. Is the river long? 9. Is the text difficult? 10. Are they busy? Exercise 7. Respond to the statements as in the model using possessive pronouns. Model: I think this is my pen. — That isn’t your pen. 1. I think this is Arthur’s book. 2. I think this is Mary’s car. 3. I think these are Peter’s notebooks. 4. I think this is Mary and Peter’s house. 5. I think this is my key. 6. I think this is Dr. Sandford’s house. 7. I think these are my parents’ tickets. 8. I think this is Peter’s camera. 9. I think this is Dan’s map. 10. I think these are my boots. Exercise 8. Read the sentences and express approval or disapproval. Use the phrases Good, isn’t it? Fine! Wonderful! Pity! That’s a pity! Awful! etc. 1. Old Mrs. Sandford is ill. 2. Simon is in bed with flu. 3. I am not well. 4. She is better today. 5. John is out, I’m afraid. 6. He has a bad cold. 7. Benny is in the park with his mother. 8. I am fine. 9. Mr. Sandford is at home after four. 10. She feels bad today. Exercise 9. These disjunctive questions aren’t true. Correct them. Model: 1. Mr. Sandford is at home, isn’t he? - Oh, no (I’m afraid, you are mistaken), he is not. 2. Mr. Sandford is not a doctor, isn’t he? - But he is. 1. Old Mrs. Sandford isn’t ill, is she? 2. Mr. Sandford isn’t at the hospital, is he? 3. Old Mrs. Sandford is in bed, isn’t she? 4. It is the flu, isn’t it? 5. Mr. Sandford is at home after six on Saturday, isn’t he? 6. Mrs. Sandford is at home, isn’t she? 7. She is in the park with her friend, isn’t she? 8. Old Mrs. Sandford isn’t better, is she? 9. Betty isn’t at home, is she? —8—

Exercise 10. Transcribe the words and translate them into Russian. Learn the words. Right, cold, remember, perhaps, excellent, wonderful, cinema, pilot, famous.

LESSON 6 Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Model: He has got a family. Has he got a family? He has no family. He hasn’t got a family. 1. She has got a car. 2. He has got a wife and a daughter. 3. We have got a garden. 4. They have got children. 5. He has got a grandmother. 6. We have got a nephew. 7. She has got mistakes in her dictation. 8. They have got a plan. 9. I have got a big house. Exercise 2. Make short dialogues according to the model: a) Model: This is John. Has John got a family? Jane — a job, Peter — a brother, Pam — a sister, Ted — friends, Roger — a car, Sam — a dog, Jack — a house, Mr. Sandford — a garden, Mary — a husband, John — a wife. b) Model: That’s Polly’s dog. Has she got a cat? 1. Simon’s flat — family. 2. Jack’s house — a car. 3. Tom’s grandmother — a grandfather. 4. Ann’s nephew — a niece. 5. Roger’s sister — a brother. 6. Mr. Sandford’s house — a garden. 7. Mr. Jones’s farm — a tractor. 8. Mr. White’s bag — a newspaper. 9. Bill’s camera — a computer. 10. Pam’s cassette — a tape-recorder. c) Model: Tom’s got a dog — Has he? 1. Pam — flat. 2. Liz — a cat. 3. Jill — a family. 4. Benny — a rabbit. 5. Nell — a monkey. 6. John — a hedgehog. 7. Simon — a horse. 8. Kate — a parrot. 9. Mr. Jones — a cow. 10. Peter — a mouse. —9—

Exercise 3. Make statements and alternative questions using the given words. a) Model: Panny’s got two cars. Are they big or small? 1) two houses — new, old; 2) apples — red, green; 3) two dogs — big, small; 4) two children — good, naughty; 5) two sisters — pretty, ugly; 6) new curtains — green, blue; 7) new carpets — cheap, expensive; 8) new shoes — black, brown. b) Model: Kate’s got a map of London. Has she? Is it new or old? 1) a car — new, old; 2) a garden — big, small; 3) a flat — large, small; 4) a house — new, old; 5) a job — interesting, boring; 6) a brother — younger, older; 7) a camera — new, old; 8) a coat — cheap, expensive. Exercise 4. Change the given group of words as in the model. Model: The room of my sister — my sister’s room. 1) the car of my brother; 2) the garden of my parents; 3) the house of my uncle; 4) the flat of my friends; 5) the photo of my sister-in-law; 6) the book of this boy; 7) the toys of these children; 8) the school-mates of my sister; 9) the job of Mr. Sandford; 10) the dog of my cousin. Exercise 5. Respond to the following statements according to the model using the topical vocabulary of the lesson. Model: Mrs. Sandford is thirty-nine. Then she is in her late thirties. 1. Mr. Sandford is forty-two. 2. Mrs. Parker is fifty-one. 3. Sally is fifteen. 4. Roger is twenty-eight. 5. Mrs. Stone is eighty-four. 6. Liz is seventeen. 7. Mrs. Smith is fifty-six. 8. Old Mrs. Sandford is seventy two. 9. John is nineteen. 10. Mary is twenty-one. Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Ó ìåíÿ åñòü ôîòîàïïàðàò. Îí íîâûé. 2. Ó íàñ åñòü ìàøèíà. 3. Ó íàñ ìàëî õëåáà. 4. Ó íàñ ìàëî âðåìåíè. 5. Ñêîëüêî ó òåáÿ — 10 —

äåíåã? 6. Ó íàñ åñòü ÿéöà? (eggs) 7. Ó íåãî åñòü ñîáàêà. 8. Ó íåå åñòü áóòåðáðîäû ñ âåò÷èíîé. 9. Ó âàñ åñòü êîôå? 10. Ó íåãî ìíîãî îøèáîê â êîíòðîëüíîé ðàáîòå. Exercise 7. These disjunctive questions aren’t true to fact. Correct them. 1. Betty Smith is a school-girl, isn’t she? 2. She hasn’t many friends, has she? 3. Henry is her brother, isn’t he? 4. Henry is a teacher, isn’t he? 5. He has got a father, hasn’t he? 6. He hasn’t got a mother, has he? 7. The Sandfords have two children, haven’t they? 8. Benny is five, isn’t he? 9. Benny is fond of flowers, isn’t he? 10. Benny is eager to have a dog, isn’t he? Exercise 8. Spell and transcribe the words. Ðîäèòåëè, îòåö, ìàòü, äÿäÿ, òåòÿ, äâîþðîäíûé áðàò, ìóæ, æåíà, ïëåìÿííèê, ïëåìÿííèöà.

LESSON 7 Exercise 1. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative: 1. There are two children in the house. 2. There are some apples in the fridge. 3. There’s some sugar in the jug. 4. There are some cups on the shelf. 5. There’s some butter on the plate. 6. There are five students in the classroom. 7. There’s some milk in the bottle. 8. There’s a cinema near our house. 9. There’s a post-office in our street. 10. There are two people in the room. Exercise 2. Make up short dialogues as in the models: a) Model: I’m hungry. There’s some cheese in the fridge. Prompts: bread, food, cake, meat, butter, salad, soup, chicken. b) Model: I’m hungry. Is there any bread in the house? There isn’t any bread, but there’s some milk. Prompts: cheese, meat, cake, butter, chicken, fish, sausage, fruit, ham. — 11 —

c) Model: I’m thirsty. Is there any tea here? Yes, there is. Help yourself./Sorry, there isn’t any. Prompts: juice, cold water, milk, coffee, mineral water, Coke, beer. d) Model: Are there any children in the room? There aren’t any children, there are only students. Prompts: boys — girls, men — women, doctors — teachers, journalists — writers, composers — musicians. Exercise 3. Ask questions as in the models. a) Model: There’s some butter left. How much butter is there? Prompts: sugar, bread, coffee, meat, soup, juice, mineral water, tea. b) Model: There are three cups on the table. How many cups are there on the table? 1. There are four books on the shelf. 2. There are two windows in his room. 3. There are five members in their family. 4. There are three apples in the bowl. 5. There are two notebooks in the bag. 6. There are three students in the classroom. 7. There are two mistakes in the dictation. 8. There are ten sentences in this exercise. 9. There are four girls in the park. 10. There is a photo on the desk. c) A wants to buy some food, B wants to know how many or how much. Model: I’d like some cheese, please. How much would you like? Prompts: sugar, butter, chops, eggs, meat, flour, rice, tea, bacon, sandwiches. Exercise 4. Ask questions beginning with What ...? Model: There’s a fridge in the kitchen. What is there in the kitchen? 1. There’s a sofa in the living-room. 2. There are some pictures on the walls. 3. There are three cupboards in the kitchen. 4. There are two — 12 —

beds in the bedroom. 5. There is a lamp in the corner. 6. There’s a bookcase on the right. 7. There’s a fireplace in the room. 8. There are two arm-chairs in front of the fireplace. 9. There is a carpet in the room. 10. There are some cups and plates near the sink. Exercise 5. Give sentences opposite in meaning to the given one. Gr: few, a few, little, a little, a lot of. Model: There are a lot of pens in the box. There are few pens in the box. 1. There’s much milk in the jug. 2. There are a lot of newspapers on the desk. 3. I have got much money. 4. There are many sentences in this exercise. 5. There’s too much salt in the soup. 6. There’s much time left. 7. There are many books on the shelf. 8. There’s much bread on the plate. 9. There are many sandwiches on the plate. 10. There’s much sugar in the sugar-bowl. Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns (many, a few, a lot of, some, any, a little, much): 1. There is ... milk in the fridge, ... cake and ... apples. — Is there ... juice? — No, there isn’t ... juice but there’s ... tea on the table. 2. Is there ... butter in that packet? — There’s ... . But not ... . 3. Are there ... apples in that basket? — There are ... . Why? — Well, I need ... for my pie. 4. I need ... milk. — There is ... in the bottle. Is that enough? — That’s O.K. 5. Sorry. I haven’t got ... free time today. 6. I need ... help with my homework. Are you free now? 7. We haven’t got ... potatoes. But there’s ... rice. 8. How ... milk is there? There’s too ... and we haven’t got ... cheese, but there’s ... butter and ... fruit . 9. There’s ... bread left. 10. How ... sandwiches are there on the plate? Exercise 7. Ask questions about the words in italics. 1. He is a doctor (What?). 2. There is a television in the corner (What?). 3. They are at home on Saturday afternoon (When?). 4. He is married to my sister (Who.... to?). 5. Benny is in the park with his mother (Who .... with?). 6. The telephone is on the table near the sofa (Where?). 7. My telephone number is 33829-41 (What?). — 13 —

Exercise 8. These disjunctive questions aren’t true. Correct them. 1. Dr. Sandford’s family is not very large, is it? 2. There are six members in his family, aren’t there? 3. Helen has got parents, hasn’t she? 4. Doctor Sandford is forty, isn’t he? 5. Helen is thirty, isn’t she? 6. Benny hasn’t got any cousins, has he? 7. His cousins are in Great Britain, aren’t they? 8. Georgie is a six-year-old boy, isn’t he? 9. May is a five- year-old girl, isn’t she? 10. Emily is old Mrs. Sandford’s daughter-in-law, isn’t she?

LESSON 8 Exercise 1. Make short dialogues according to the models: a) Model: Sally can paint. Can she? That’s good. Prompts: Ted — read English well; Sam — dance; Jill — make cakes; Ann — type; Tom — play the piano; Robert — drive; Sarah — skate; Polly — ski; Roger — swim. b) Model: Can you sing? No, I can’t, I’m afraid. Prompts: make a cake, dance, play tennis, play the piano, type, skate, ski, drive, speak French, read English. c) Model: Can Ann dance? Yes, she can. But Roger can’t. Prompts: make a cake, play tennis, swim, play the piano, type, skate, ski. Exercise 2. Make short dialogues as in the models: Model 1. That’s Mrs Parker at the door. Shall I ask her in? Do, please. 1. Buy some milk, please (two bottles). 2. Get a newspaper on the way home (the Post). 3. Will you phone the doctor? (do now). 4. I’m tired (make a cup of tea). 5. I’m hot (open the window). 6. It’s very noisy in here (turn off the radio). 7. It’s dark in the room (turn on the light). — 14 —

Model 2: Can Jack mend cars? — Of course, he can. He’s a mechanic. 1. Can Dan drive a bus? 2. Can Fred and Ginger dance? 3. Can Liz write novels? 4. Can Richard act? 5. Can Kate and Shirley act? 6. Can Jane type? 7. Can Arthur write poems? 8. Can Roger compose music? 9. Can Steve milk cows? 10. Can Eleanor teach? Model 3: Tom, can you go skating with me? I’m sorry, I can’t. I must do my homework. Prompts: go swimming — go to the doctor; play tennis — finish the work; go dancing — listen to the text; play football — clean the room; go to the cinema — mend the car; go to the park — visit a friend in the hospital. Model 4: Must I do this exercise now? No, you needn’t. You can do it next week. Prompts: translate this text — tomorrow; finish the report — on Tuesday; bring the books — tomorrow; call John right now — in the evening; learn the new words right now — tomorrow morning; go shopping — in the afternoon; come at seven — later; get up so early — later; write the letter — tomorrow evening. Exercise 4. Respond to the following statements as in the model: Model: I have got a new cassette-recorder. That can’t be true. You haven’t got any cassetterecorder. 1. John has got a big car. 2. Jane has got a new house. 3. Paul has got a nice dog. 4. Arthur has got a large flat. 5. I’ve got a computer. 6. Fred and Liz have got their own restaurant. 7. He’s her daughter’s husband. 8. They are her aunt’s children. Exercise 5. a) Make questions beginning with Where..? 1. They are in the park. 2. She is in her room. 3. Doctor Sandford is in the hospital. 4. We are in a restaurant. 5. Benny is in the nursery. 6. She’s from France. 7. They are from England. 8. He’s in the garden. 9. Bill and Mary are in the bank. 10. Benny’s cousins are in Canada. 11. Canada is in North America. — 15 —

b) beginning with When.../What time..? 1. Dr. Sandford is at home after four. 2. I’m at work at 9 o’clock. 3. Benny is in bed at nine. 4. Dr. Sandford is in the hospital at eight. 5. Dan is busy in the afternoon. 6. I’m free in the evenings. 7. We are busy in the morning. 8. Bill is in bed at eleven. c) beginning with Why..? 1. Old Mrs Sandford is in bed because she has a bad cold. 2. Benny is eager to have a rabbit because he’s fond of animals. 3. You must be in bed because you have a high temperature. 4. You must read the text again because you have many mistakes. 5. Benny can’t read or write because he is only four. 6. Benny’s parents are against a rabbit because they have no peace at home. 7. Betty has got many friends because she is kind and jolly. d) beginning with Whom ... with? 1. Mrs. Sandford is in the park with Benny. 2. Tom is in a restaurant with his friends. 3. Benny’s cousins are in Canada with their parents. 4. Mr. Parker is in the street with his dog. 5. Mr. Sandford is in his study with Mr. White. 6. Benny is in the nursery with his grandmother. Exercise 6. Change the sentences using the absolute form of the possessive pronouns. Model: This is her coat. — This coat is hers. 1. This is Ann’s coat. 2. This is my book. 3. That is his photo. 4. This is your notebook. 5. This is our house. 6. This is their car. 7. That is her camera. 8. This is Peter’s map. Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Ñàäèòåñü, ïîæàëóéñòà. 2. Äàâàéòå ïðîâåðèì äîìàøíþþ ðàáîòó. 3. Äàâàéòå èñïðàâèì îøèáêè. 4. Íå äåëàéòå îøèáîê, ïîæàëóéñòà. 5. Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè äî çâîíêà? 6. Óðîê îêîí÷åí. 7. Çàäàéòå âîïðîñû ê òåêñòó. 8. Ñäàéòå òåòðàäè, ïîæàëóéñòà. 9. Ïðîñòèòå, ÿ îïîçäàë. Ìîæíî âîéòè? 10. Ïîâòîðèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà. 11. Ïåðåâåäèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ïðåäëîæåíèå. 12. Âêëþ÷èòå ìàãíèòîôîí, ïîæàëóéñòà. 13. Ðàçðåøèòå çàäàòü âîïðîñ? 14. Ðàçäàéòå òåòðàäè, ïîæàëóéñòà. 15. ×èòàéòå òåêñò, ïîæàëóéñòà. Äîñòàòî÷íî. Ïîæàëóéñòà, ïåðåâåäèòå ýòî ïðåäëîæåíèå. 16. Êàê ïèøåòñÿ ýòî ñëîâî? 17. Êàê áóäåò ïî-àíãëèéñêè «õîëîäèëüíèê»? 18. Ãäå ìîè — 16 —

íàóøíèêè? À, âîò îíè. 19. Ïðîäîëæàéòå ÷èòàòü. 20. Ñäåëàéòå óïðàæíåíèÿ ïèñüìåííî. 21. Ïåðåìîòàéòå ïëåíêó íàçàä, ïîæàëóéñòà. 22. Ãîâîðèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, ãðîì÷å.

LESSON 9 I. Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Make them interrogative and negative. 1. She is better today. 2. There is a lawn in front of our house. 3. There are many fruit-trees in your orchard. 4. He is fond of skating. 5. She can understand German. 6. There is a book-case next to the piano. 7. There’s an arm-chair near the fire-place. 8. I can come at nine. 9. I have some mistakes in the test. 10. There’s some butter in the fridge. 11. He has a big family. 12. There are some apples on the plate. 13. He can do crosswords very well. 14. There are some people in the room. 15. Her pronunciation is correct. 16. These exercises are difficult. 17. This house is as old as that one. 18. This book is mine. 19. It’s very cold outside. 20. He is an only child in the family. 21. There’s some built-in furniture in his flat. II. Exercise 1. Translate the words, write them down and transcribe them. Óäîáíûé, äâóõýòàæíûé, õîðîøî ñïëàíèðîâàííûé, ôðóêòîâûé ñàä, ïîçàäè äîìà, êóõíÿ, óþòíûé, ìåáåëü, ñîáñòâåííûé, õîëîäèëüíèê, øêàô, ïëàòÿíîé øêàô, çåðêàëî, ïûëåñîñ, öåíòðàëüíîå îòîïëåíèå, ýëåêòðè÷åñòâî. Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Êîìíàòà Àííû ïðîñòî óæàñíà. Îíà íå î÷åíü áîëüøàÿ. Ïîñåðåäèíå ñòîèò áîëüøîé ñòîë, à ïîä íèì ëåæèò îãðîìíûé ñòàðûé ÷åìîäàí. Ó îêíà — äëèííàÿ, óçêàÿ (narrow) êðîâàòü, à ìåæäó êðîâàòüþ è ñòîëîì ñòîÿò ñòàðûå ñòóëüÿ. Íà îêíå íåò øòîð. Íà ñòåíàõ âèñÿò íåñêîëüêî óæàñíûõ êàðòèí. 2.  íàøåé êâàðòèðå äâå êîìíàòû, êóõíÿ è âàííàÿ. Íàøà ãîñòèíàÿ äîâîëüíî óþòíàÿ. Íàïðàâî îò äâåðè ñòîèò ïèàíèíî, à ïåðåä íèì — âðàùàþùèéñÿ òàáóðåò (music-stool). Ðÿäîì ñ ïèàíèíî — âûñîêèé êíèæíûé øêàô. — 17 —

Ñëåâà — áîëüøîå îêíî, ïîýòîìó êîìíàòà ñâåòëàÿ. Íàïðîòèâ êíèæíîãî øêàôà — ñîôà ñ äâóìÿ ïîäóøêàìè (cushions) è äâà î÷åíü óäîáíûõ êðåñëà. Íàä ñîôîé íà ñòåíå âèñÿò ÷àñû. Ïîñåðåäèíå êîìíàòû áîëüøîé êîâåð. Âñÿ ìåáåëü â êâàðòèðå íîâàÿ. Exercise 3. Answer the questions. 1. What articles of furniture can we find in the living-room, in the dining-room, in the nursery, in the bed-room, in the kitchen, in the bathroom, in the study? 2. What modern conveniences do you know? 3. Would you like to live in a house or a flat? Why? 4. Are houses very expensive in your country? Do most people live in houses or in flats? 5. What household appliances can we find in modern homes? Do they make life easier? III. Read and translate the dialogue. Learn it by heart. MOVING

IN

Alice and Ben are ready to move into their new flat. They are examining their new flat and discussing where to put the furniture. A.: Let’s start with the kitchen. B.: All right. It is light and pleasant. There is a gas stove here to cook the meals or boil the kettle on. A.: Look, here is a sink and a dish-washer to wash the dishes in after meals. B.: How wonderful! Come over here, Alice, there is a built-in refrigerator in the kitchen! A: A fridge to keep food cool or frozen in hot weather! That’s marvellous! B.: And there is a number of shelves and two kitchen cupboards for pans, frying-pans and kettles. A.: One of the cupboards is good for plates and dishes, cups and saucers as well as for cutlery. B.: There is very little furniture we need to buy as the kitchen has fitted units, just a kitchen table and some stools or chairs, nothing else. A.: You’re right. Some pretty curtains for the window are so nice and cheerful too! Now let’s go into the study. B.: Here we are! This room is very good for the study. A.: Yes, there is enough place for a writing-desk over there by the window. — 18 —

B.: And the best place for the bookcase is to the right of the writing-desk in the right-hand corner. A.: What about the divan? B.: There is not room for it here. Besides, my study is a room for work, not rest. A.: Your study?

LESSON 10 I. Exercise 1. Make the sentences interrogative and negative. Model: He teaches English at school. Does he teach English at school? He doesn’t teach English at school. 1. It often rains in October. 2. They have English classes in the morning. 3. I often go out at weekends. 4. She likes skating in winter. 5. They often go fishing on a lake. 6. We work at a hotel. 7. I want to go to the mountains for my holiday. 8. He plays the piano very well. 9. We usually stay at home on weekday evenings. 10. My friends often come to see me on Sunday afternoon. Exercise 2. Respond to the following statements as in the model showing mild surprise. Model: Mr. Sandford gets up early every day. Does he? No, he doesn’t. 1. Jane gets up early too. 2. Mrs. Sandford walks in the park every day. 3. Mr. Brown lives alone. 4. Mr. Sandford works in a hospital. 5. Doctor Sandford receives the Times. 6. Doctor Sandford stays at home on Saturday afternoon. 7. My sister wants to study French. 8. Mary plays the piano. 9. Jane writes dictations without mistakes. Exercise 3. Give negative answers to the questions. Model: Does Peter go to bed early? No, he doesn’t. He never goes to bed early. 1. Does Mr. Brown ever say anything? 2. Does Mr. Sandford ever arrive at the hospital late? 3. Does Mrs. Sandford ever go to the park alone? 4. Does Mr. Sandford ever read a newspaper in the — 19 —

afternoon? 5. Does Peter ever miss classes? 6. Does Jane ever make mistakes in her dictation? 7. Does Sam ever go out on weekdays? 8. Does she ever smile? 9. Does he ever go fishing? 10. Does she ever invite friends for dinner. 11. Does he ever play football? Exercise 4. Ask and answer questions according to the model using the words below. Model: Do you get up early every day? No, I don’t. But my friends do. Prompts: go for a walk — my sister; read the newspaper — my friend; do crosswords — my brother; go dancing — my friend; arrive late at work — my boss; answer phone calls — my colleague; go out — my cousin; stay at home in the evening — my parents; clean the room — my sister; play tennis — my brother; listen to music — my neighbours. Exercise 5. Ask and answer questions as in the model using the words below. Model: Ann usually does her homework in the kitchen. What does she do in the kitchen? She usually does her homework there. Prompts: bake cakes — on Saturday; go swimming — at weekends; play tennis — on Wednesday; go dancing — on Saturday; have English classes — on Tuesday; visit one’s parents — on Sunday afternoon; listen to the radio — on Monday morning; watch television — in the evenings. Exercise 6. Use the information from exercise 5 to ask and answer special questions beginning with When..? Model: Ann usually does her homework in the evening. When does she do her homework? She usually does her homework in the evening. Exercise 7. Ask and answer questions as in the model beginning with Where..? Model: Peter reads newspapers in the library. Where does he read newspapers? In the library. — 20 —

Prompts: Kate — on a bench in the park; Mr. Sandford — in the kitchen; Mr. Brown — on the train; Mrs. Bridge — at school; Peter — in the coffee-bar. Exercise 8. Ask and answer questions according to the model using the information given below beginning with How long..? Model: Ann leaves home at 7.25 and gets to the school at 8.05. How long does it take her to get there? It takes her half an hour. 1. Mr. Brown leaves home at 8 o’clock in the morning and arrives at work at 8.30. 2. Mr. Garriet leaves home at 2.30 in the morning and arrives at Manor school at 8.25. 3. He finishes work at 3.30 in the afternoon and gets back home at 9.30 in the evening. 4. Doctor Sandford leaves home at 7.30 in the morning and arrives at the hospital at 7.45. 5. Betty finishes work at 5 in the afternoon and comes home at 18.15. 6. He catches the train at 6.30 in the morning and gets to his office at 7.45. II. Exercise 1. Translate the words, write them down and transcribe them. Ïîìíèòü, ïîäïèñûâàòü, ñòó÷àòü, ïîëó÷àòü, ÿíâàðü, ôåâðàëü, àïðåëü, ìàðò, àâãóñò, ñåíòÿáðü, íîÿáðü, äåêàáðü, ïîíåäåëüíèê, âîñêðåñåíüå, âòîðíèê, ÷åòâåðã, ïÿòíèöà, ñóááîòà. Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Êàêîå ñåãîäíÿ ÷èñëî? — Ñåãîäíÿ ÷åòâåðã, òðèíàäöàòîå íîÿáðÿ. 2. Êàêîé ñåãîäíÿ äåíü? — Ïÿòíèöà. 3. Äàéòå ìíå Âàøó ðó÷êó, ïîæàëóéñòà. 4. Ïîæàëóéñòà, áåðèòå åùå ñàëàò. 5. Ìîæíî ìíå åùå ÷àøå÷êó êîôå? — Ïîæàëóéñòà. 6. Íå âûïüåòå ëè Âû ñ íàìè ÷àþ? 7. Ñïàñèáî Âàì çà ïîìîùü. — Ïîæàëóéñòà, íå ñòîèò. 8. Äàéòå ìíå, ïîæàëóéñòà, âîí òó êíèãó. — Ïîæàëóéñòà. 9. Âû, ñëó÷àéíî, íå çíàåòå, êîãäà ïðèáûâàåò (arrive) ïîåçä? — Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íå çíàþ. 10. Âû íå ìîãëè áû ñêàçàòü ìíå, åñòü ëè çäåñü ïîáëèçîñòè àïòåêà? — Áîþñü, ÷òî ÿ íå çíàþ. 11. Çäåñü åñòü êòî-íèáóäü? 12. ß íè÷åãî íå âèæó. 13. ß äîëæåí ðàññêàçàòü òåáå êîå-÷òî. 14.  êîìíàòå êòîíèáóäü åñòü? — 21 —

Exercise 3. Change the sentences from direct into indirect speech. 1. Mr. White asks Doctor Sandford: «Do you receive the Times?». 2. Doctor Sandford asks Mr. White: «Must I pay anything right now?». 3. Mr. White asks Betty: «Is Doctor Sandford in?». 4. Benny asks his grandmother: «Is Canada as far as London?». 5. Mr. White asks: «Is Mrs. Sandford at home?». 6. Kate asks Peter: «Do you like skiing?». 7. Mary asks her friend: «Do you like to listen to music?». 8. Betty asks her friend: «Do you like taking photographs?». 9. Sam asks his friend: «Do you often stay at home in the evening?». 10. Jane asks her friend: «Do you make many mistakes in your dictations?». 11. My friend asks me: «Do you get up late on Sunday mornings?». 12. She asks her friend: «Do you like playing with your niece?». 13. He asks his friends: «Do you like playing tennis?». 14. She asks her friend: «Have you got new furniture in your flat?». 15. She asks her friend: «Can you see the picture well?». Exercise 4. Supply short answers expressing surprise or doubt. Model: Jane gets up early. — Does she? 1. Mary likes cooking. 2. Jane gets up at 3.30 in the morning. 3. He meets a lot of interesting people at work. 4. She is busy on Friday evening. 5. She can speak French well. 6. There are many people in the street. 7. He must learn all these poems by heart. 8. I phone my parents every day. 9. I stay at home in the evenings. 10. My friend is fond of taking photographs. Exercise 5. Read the disjunctive questions. They are not true to fact. Ñorrect them. 1. It’s Sunday afternoon, isn’t it? 2. Doctor Sandford is in the sitting-room, isn’t he? 3. Mr. White wants to see old Mrs. Sandford, doesn’t he? 4. Mr. Sandford doesn’t receive the Times, does he? 5. He doesn’t want to have the Times for the next year, does he? 6. Doctor Sandford must pay for it right now, mustn’t he? 7. Doctor Sandford doesn’t invite Mr. White to have tea with him, does he? III. Read the dialogue and answer the questions. Act the scene. AT

THE

RAILWAY

STATION

Old Lady: Guard, what time do we get there? — 22 —

Guard: Two to two ma’am. Old Lady: How long do I have to wait for the next train? Guard: From two to two to two-two, ma’am. Old Lady: Good Heavens! Are you mad? What do you mean? Guard: I mean you’ll have to wait four minutes, from two minutes to two until two minutes past two. Old Lady: I see; and how long will my friend have to wait? She is going to Plymouth. Guard: From two to two to two-two too, ma’am. 1. Where does the dialogue take place? 2. Who are the characters? 3. Who asks questions and who answers them? 4. Why is the Old Lady angry? 5. Does the guard play a joke on her? 6. Does he give the Old Lady the right time?

LESSON 11 I. Exercise 1. Respond to the statements according to the model Model: Jane skates very carelessly (carefully) She should try to skate more carefully. 1. Bob speaks very quickly (slowly). 2. Ronald goes to bed very late (early). 3. David types very slowly (fast). 4. Peter speaks to his parents very impolitely (politely). 5. Kate plays music very loudly (quietly). 6. Linda rarely phones her parents (often). 7. They work very slowly (hard). 8. She writes dictations badly (well). 9. Sam speaks English very slowly (fluently). 10. Ann drives a car dangerously (carefully). Exercise 2. Make the sentences interrogative and negative. 1. My pronunciation is as good as yours. 2. My reci pe for a fruitcake is as delicious as yours. 3. My furniture is as comfortable as my friend’s furniture. 4. The streets in our town are as safe as in your town. 5. The people in our town are as friendly as the people in your town. 6. My children are as intelligent as your children. 7. The Pacific Ocean is as large as the Atlantic Ocean. 8. My flat is as clean as my — 23 —

friend’s flat. 9. Planes are as safe as trains. 10. My car is as fast as your car. 11. My watch is as expensive as his watch. Exercise 3. Complete the sentences according to the model: Model: This text is short, the next text is much longer. 1. This book is rather dull, give me that one. It’s (interesting). 2. This bag is heavy, take that one. It’s (light). 3. The knife isn’t sharp enough, give me that one. It’s (sharp). 4. These rules are easy, we’ll soon learn other rules. They are (difficult). 5. This photo isn’t so good, that photo is (good). 6. This car is very expensive, let’s buy that one. It’s (cheap). 7. This dress isn’t good, that one is (good). II. Exercise 1. a) Make your own sentences using the information given in the table.

English Welsh Scottish Irish French Dutch Danish people live in Spanish Swedish Russian Italian Norwegian Chinese

England Wales Scotland Ireland France the Netherlands Denmark and speak Spain Sweden Russia Italy Norway China

English Welsh Scottish Irish French Dutch Danish Spanish Swedish Russian Italian Norwegian Chinese

b) Make sentences according to the models using the topical vocabulary of the lesson. Model 1: London is the capital of Great Britain. Words to be used: Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Madrid, Warsaw, Copenhagen, Rome, Brussels, Washington, Prague, Vienna, Tokyo, Athens, Boon, Delhi.

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c) Model 2: They are English people. They are English. He is English. He is an Englishman. She is English. She is an Englishwoman. Words to be used: Welsh, Scottish, Irish, French, Dutch. d) Model 3: They are Russian people. They are Russian. They are Russians. He is a Russian. She is a Russian. He is Russian. She is Russian. Words to be used: Italian(s), an Italian; American(s), an American; Chinese, a Chinese; Japanese, a Japanese; Poles, a Pole; German(s), a German; Greek(s), a Greek; Norwegian(s), a Norwegian; Hungarian(s), a Hungarian. Mind the following: They are Spanish people. They are Spanish. He is a Spaniard. She is a Spanish woman. She is Spanish. Words to be used: Danish, a Dane; Finnish, a Finn; Swedish, a Swede. Exercise 2. Answer the questions: 1. What do you call people who live in England? Italy? France? Spain? Finland? Germany? Hungary? Canada? The Netherlands? Greece? Denmark? Sweden? 2. What languages do people speak in Canada? 3. What language do they speak in Denmark? 4. What language do they speak in Poland? 5. What language do they speak in the Netherlands? 6. Where do the Finns live? 7. Where do the Germans live? 8. Where do the Greek live? 9. Where do the Swedes live? 10. Where do the Poles live? 11. Who live in the United States? 12. Who live in Japan?

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Exercise 3. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. Don’t speak so fast. 2. My watch is five minutes fast. 3. He started to run as fast as he could. 4. My watch is five minutes slow. 5. He’s an early riser. 6. I always get up early in the morning. 7. I was early for work today. 8. He is late as usual. 9. I apologise for my late arrival. 10. It’s too late to change that now. 11. He comes home late at night. 12. That is a very hard question to answer. 13. He works hard. 14. The boy is hardly seventeen. 15. Her bedroom is so small that she can hardly move in it. 16. It’s nearly dark. 17. She is nearly as tall as he is. 18. The post-office is quite near. 19. She closely resembles her mother. 20. Don’t come too close! 21. We were late for the meeting. Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English. Pay attention to the adverbs fast, early, late, hard, hardly, near, nearly, close, far. 1. Îí âîäèò ìàøèíó î÷åíü áûñòðî. 2. Åìó ïî÷òè âîñåìüäåñÿò ëåò. 3. Ìàãàçèí íàõîäèòñÿ ðÿäîì ñ àïòåêîé. 4. Îí î÷åíü ìíîãî ðàáîòàåò. 5. Îí åäâà ìîæåò õîäèòü. 6. Ñåé÷àñ ïî÷òè ÷àñ. 7. Îí âîçâðàùàåòñÿ äîìîé ïîçäíî. 8. Óæå ïîçäíî. 9. Îíà îáû÷íî ëîæèòñÿ ñïàòü ðàíî. 10. Ñåé÷àñ ðàííåå óòðî. 11. Îíà ÷óâñòâóåò ñåáÿ ïëîõî. 12. Ýòî ñåðüåçíàÿ îøèáêà. 13. Ïî÷òà íàõîäèòñÿ äàëåêî îòñþäà? — Íåò, ñîâñåì ðÿäîì. 14. Çäåñü ðÿäîì åñòü àïòåêà? — Íåò, àïòåêà äàëåêî îòñþäà. 15. Ïîåçä îïîçäàë íà äåñÿòü ìèíóò. 16. Ìû îïîçäàëè íà ïîåçä. 17. Ìû æèâåì íåïîäàëåêó îò ñóïåðìàðêåòà. Exercise 5. Change the sentences from direct into indirect speech. 1. She asks me: Is your brother in? Have you any cousins? Whose exercise book is this? How old is your brother? How old are you? What’s the time, please? Have you any news of Malcolm? Do you often read English newspapers? When can I come? When is your birthday? Where do you live? What do you think of the book? Do you play the piano? Do you speak French? Can you call me tomorrow night? Do you get up early in the morning? Is he at home after four? Is the pen in that box? Is he seriously ill? Do you find it difficult to study Maths? Do you find it difficult to translate this — 26 —

sentence? Does she find it difficult to study languages? Do you find the book interesting? Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English. 1. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ ãîâîðèòü ïî-èñïàíñêè, ò. ê. ÿ çíàþ åãî íàìíîãî ëó÷øå, ÷åì àíãëèéñêèé. 2. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ åçäèòü íà ðàáîòó íà ïîåçäå, ò. ê. ýòî íàìíîãî áûñòðåå, ÷åì íà àâòîáóñå. 3. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ æèòü çà ãîðîäîì, ò. ê. çäåñü íàìíîãî ñïîêîéíåå. 4. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ èãðàòü â òåííèñ, ò. ê. ÿ èãðàþ â òåííèñ íàìíîãî ëó÷øå, ÷åì â ôóòáîë. 5. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ ÷èòàòü äåòåêòèâû, ò. ê. îíè íàìíîãî èíòåðåñíåå. 6. ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ æèòü â áîëüøîì ãîðîäå, ò. ê. ýòî íàìíîãî èíòåðåñíåå. Exercise 7. Read the disjunctive questions. They are not true to fact. Correct them. 1. Voitek is from Germany, isn’t he? 2. Voitek lives in Warsaw, doesn’t he? 3. Lucy is from Spain, isn’t she? 4. Alec speaks French, doesn’t he? 5. Lucy doesn’t speak Spanish, does she? 6. Voitek can speak Spanish, can’t he? 7. Lucy doesn’t live in Paris, does she? 8. Alec knows English much better than Spanish, doesn’t he? III. Read and translate the dialogue. INTRODUCING PEOPLE TO DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY (An evening party at the Brown’s place) Mike: Hello, Sam, nice of you to come. Take off your coat, will you, and let’s go in. You haven’t met my mother yet, have you? Sam: No, I haven’t had the pleasure, but I’ve met your father, don’t you remember? Mike: Oh, yes, of course. Ah, there’s Mother, come on, old boy. Mum, this is Sam Williams, a friend from the College. Sam: How do you do, Mrs. Brown? Mrs. Brown: How do you do? I’m glad to meet you. Will you excuse me, please, everybody seems to come at once. Sam: Certainly, Mrs. Brown. Mrs. Brown: Good evening, Sam. This is Sam, isn’t it? Mike: Yes, Dad, you met Sam at the College last month. Mrs. Brown: Oh, yes, of course, how are you? — 27 —

Sam: Good evening, Mr. Brown. I’m fine, thank you. And how are you? Mrs. Brown: Not too bad, my boy, not too bad. Let me introduce you to my daughter. Oh, where’s she gone? She was here a moment ago. Oh, there she is! Ellen, come over here. This is Sam Williams, Mike’s friend, take care of him, will you? Ellen: With pleasure, Dad. How do you do? Sam: How do you do? Haven’t I seen you before somewhere? Ellen: No, I don’t think so. Sam: But your face is so familiar. Wait a second... I know... We were on the same train to London last week. Ellen: Oh, yes. Now I remember. What a coincidence! Sam: Well, you know what they say — it’s a small world. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue. 1. Who are the hosts of the party? At whose house does the party take place? 2. What does Mike suggest that Sam should do first? 3. Who does Mike introduce Sam to? 4. What words does Mike say when he introduces Sam to his mother? 5. What does Sam say? 6. What does Mrs. Brown say? 7. Sam needs no introduction to Mr. Brown, why? 8. Where did he meet Mr. Brown? 9. Who does Mr. Brown want to introduce Sam to? 10. Has Sam seen Ellen before? Where did he see her? 11. Why does Ellen say: «What a coincidence?». 12. What does Sam reply to this? Exercise 2. Acting the scene of introductions. Characters: Mr. White, Mrs. White, their children Tom and Jane, Mrs. Pope, her son David. Use the following words and phrases of introduction and and greeting in your scene. Hello! How do you do? Glad to meet you. Let me introduce... May I introduce... Meet my friend... Mother, this is David. Mrs. Pope, this is my daughter Jane. Exercise 3. Build a short conversation around the phrase «It’s a small world!».

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LESSON 12 I. Exercise 1. Make up short dialogues as in the models: a) Model: Are you busy? Yes, I am. I’m studying. What are you studying? I’m studying English. Prompts: Helen — cook spaghetti, Tom — read a newspaper, Mary — write a letter, they — clean their room, you — bake cookies, Walter — mend a car, Edward — translate an article, Mr. and Mrs. Green — type letters. b) Model: What are you doing? I’m reading a book. Do you often read books? Yes, I do. I read books whenever I can. Prompts: Janet — swim; Mary — write to her parents; they — do exercises; you — read newspapers; you — play tennis; Mr. Green — cook; Peter — take photographs; Mr. Smith — go for a walk; John — play the guitar; Helen — clean the room; Mr. Robinson — play chess; you — listen to music. c) Model: Sam can make tables, can’t he? Yes, he can. He’s making one at the moment, in fact. Prompts: Mary — sing songs; Mr. Green — write books; Jack — mend televisions; John — translate texts from English; Janet — bake cakes; Jane — knit sweaters; Walter — paint portraits; Mr. Green — compose symphonies; Susan — make dresses; Mr. Robinson — take pictures. d) Model: Mrs. Parker is talking about something. What is she talking about? Prompts: Tom — dream about something; Ann — think about something; Jane — wait for somebody; the students — listen to something; Sam — talk to somebody; Janet — complain about something; Mr. and Mrs. Green — argue about something; Susan — look at something; Mr. Smith — look for something; Helen — ask for something. — 29 —

e) Model: They are going home. Where are they going? Prompts: look for their books, wait for the bus, talk about the new film, go to the cinema, talk to their teacher, complain about their homework, read a newspaper, ask for the books, look at the blackboard, have ham and cheese for breakfast, cook fried potatoes, learn a poem by heart, work at the laboratory. Exercise 2. Change the sentences into indirect speech. Begin each of them with He asks me… ... 1. What do you usually have for breakfast (lunch, supper)? 2. What do you do in your free time? 3. Who is that woman? 4. What time does the film begin? 5. How far is it to the airport? 6. Where is the post office? 7. Where does Carol live? 8. Can you lend me some money? 9. Is there a bank near here? 10. What time do the banks close? 11. How much does it cost? 12. Can you speak any foreign languages? 13. Do you have any plans to go away again? 14. What are you doing now? 15. Why isn’t Sue working today? 16. How is Tom feeling? Exercise 3. Supply short answers according to the model. Model: I’m hungry. — So am I. 1. I’m feeling tired. 2. I like hot weather. 3. I like football. 4. I’m working hard. 5. I live in a small town. 6. I’d like to go to the seaside. 7. I can play the piano. 8. I’ve got a car. 9. I’m working late tonight. 10. I have been to South America. Model: I don’t smoke. — Neither do I. 1. I haven’t got any money. 2. Liz isn’t very well today. 3. I never read newspapers. 4. I don’t eat meat. 5. He didn’t pass the exam. 6. I didn’t enjoy the film. 7. I’ve never been to South America. 8. I can’t play the trumpet. 9. She hasn’t got a car. 10. I’m not tired. II. Exercise 1. a) Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. We always have three meals a day. 2. I like a simple meal of cheese and bread. 3. I get up early and eat my breakfast. 4. What are — 30 —

we having for lunch? 5. After lunch I’m going to see a doctor. 6. I’m tired and hungry and I want some supper. 7. Have you got any water? I’m thirsty. 8. What about some lunch? 9. My train leaves at 11.30. 10. She is going to leave her job. 11. What do you want to do when you leave school? 12. She is leaving for Moscow next week. 13. Leave your phone number with the secretary. 14. He leaves the house at 7.30 every day. 15. We are waiting for the bus. 16. She is always in a hurry. 17. Hurry up, it’s getting late. 18. We must hurry home. 19. Some animals have a better sense of time than others. 20. I don’t like the taste of fresh fish. 21. The tea tastes of bitter almonds. 22. She has very good taste in clothes. 23. Her novels are too violent for my taste. 24. The bedroom is simple but tasteful. 25. Their house is tastefully furnished. 26. The room is full of tasteless ornaments. 27. He is always telling tasteless jokes. 28. The cafeteria serves cold, tasteless pizzas. 29. Sunflower seeds are tasty and nutritious. 30. The soup is peppered and spiced to improve the taste. 31. You eat so fast that you can hardly taste the food. 32. He speaks neither English nor French. 33. She neither drinks, smokes, nor eats meat. 34. «I don’t normally drink at lunch». — «Neither do I». 35. We’re having a discussion on leisure activities. 36. They say they have an important matter to discuss with you. 37. Do you spend more time teaching or doing research? 38. Most men still earn more than their wives. 39. The books that are true to life will attract them more. 40. Have some more coffee, please. 41. More and more people are growing ill. 42. She still lives in London. 43. She is still beautiful. 44. How about some Bach to begin with? Oh, better still Vivaldi. 45. That clock is half an hour slow. 46. I’m not laying a place at table for him. 47. Will you clear the table when we’ve finished eating? b) Translate the sentences into English: 1. Ïîðà íàêðûâàòü íà ñòîë. Ïðèíåñè, ïîæàëóéñòà, òàðåëêè è âèëêè. 2. ×òî âû îáû÷íî åäèòå íà çàâòðàê? — Áóòåðáðîäû ñ ñûðîì è âåò÷èíîé, èíîãäà ÿéöà è âûïèâàþ ÷àøêó ãîðÿ÷åãî ÷åðíîãî êîôå. — À ÿ îáû÷íî âûïèâàþ ÷àøêó ÷àÿ ñ òîñòîì. — ß òîæå íå åì ìíîãî. Õëîïüÿ, ÿéöî, êîôå è òîñòû ñ äæåìîì. À ÷òî âû åäèòå íà çàâòðàê â âûõîäíûå? — Ýòî ñîâñåì äðóãîå äåëî. ß âûïèâàþ ñòàêàí ñîêà, çàòåì åì îâñÿíêó, âåò÷èíó è ñîñèñêè, ÿè÷íèöó è, êîíå÷íî, âûïèâàþ ÷àøêó êîôå ñ òîñòàìè è ìåäîì. 3. ß íå åì ìÿñà, ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàþ îâîùè è ìîëîêî. 4. ×òî ó íàñ íà — 31 —

âòîðîå? — Æàðåíûé êàðòîôåëü ñ áèôøòåêñîì è îâîùíîé ñàëàò èç ïîìèäîðîâ è îãóðöîâ. 5. Òåáå íðàâèòñÿ ñóï? — Äà, îí äîâîëüíî âêóñíûé. 6. ×òî ìû áóäåì åñòü? — Äàâàé âîçüìåì ïèööó è ìèíåðàëüíóþ âîäó. — ß ïðåäïî÷èòàþ êîëó. — Ñêîëüêî ýòî ñòîèò? — 5 ôóíòîâ. 7. Õîòèòå åùå ìîðîæåíîãî? — Íåò, ñïàñèáî. 8. Ñêîëüêî ñòîèò áóòåðáðîä ñ âåò÷èíîé è ÷àøêà êîôå? — 2 ôóíòà 90 ïåíñîâ. 9. ß íå ëþáëþ ëóê. Íå êëàäèòå åãî â ñàëàò, ïîæàëóéñòà. 10. Âû êëàäåòå ñàõàð â ÷àé? — Íåò, ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàþ ÷àé áåç ñàõàðà. 11. Áåðèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, åùå òîðò. — Ñïàñèáî, ÿ áû õîòåë åùå êóñî÷åê. 12. ß õî÷ó ïèòü. Ó íàñ åñòü êîëà? — Íåò, âûïåé ìèíåðàëüíîé âîäû. 13. ß ïðîãîëîäàëñÿ. — Ó íàñ åñòü ñûð è õîëîäíîå ìÿñî. 14. ß íå ëþáëþ ðàñòâîðèìûé êîôå. Ó íåãî îòâðàòèòåëüíûé âêóñ. 15. ×òî ó íàñ íà óæèí? — Ðûáà. — Ðûáà ñ ÷èïñàìè? — Íåò, ñ âàðåíûì êàðòîôåëåì è ñàëàòîì. 16. Êòî ãîòîâèò ïèùó â âàøåé ñåìüå? — Îáû÷íî ýòî äåëàþ ÿ, íî äåòè ïîìîãàþò ìíå íàêðûòü íà ñòîë è óáðàòü ñî ñòîëà. 17. Âñêèïÿòè âîäó è ïðèãîòîâü ÷àé, ïîæàëóéñòà. III. Read and translate the dialogue: AT

THE

RESTAURANT

Fred: Let’s go in here. The restaurants aren’t very crowded in the daytime on weekdays, and I like a change from the cafeteria now and then. Here’s a table. Kate: Let’s see what’s on the menu. I’ll have tomato soup, and stewed meat with mashed potatoes and peas. Fred: And I’ll take broth and a steak with vegetables. Waiter: How do you want the steak – rare, medium or well done? Fred: Well done, please, and will you please bring some water? Waiter: Certainly. Kate: Tomato soup is my favourite. It’s delicious. I hope you like your soup too. Fred: I’m not enjoying it at all. It tastes awful. Ah, here comes the meat. That stew smells lovely, Kate. I almost wish I had ordered it too. Kate: But don’t you like your steak? It looks lovely. Fred: Oh, yes. I do! Waiter: Would you like some fruit? Kate: Oh, could we have some coffee, please? — 32 —

Waiter: Black or white? Fred: Black, please, and two cakes. Could you have the bill ready? Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue: 1. Where do Kate and Fred have their dinner? 2. Is the restaurant very crowded? 3. What does Kate take for dinner? 4. Does Fred take stewed meat too? What does he want to have? 5. What soup is Kate’s favourite? 6. Does Fred enjoy his soup? 7. How does he like his steak? 8. What do they take for the third course? Exercise 2. Change these sentences according to the model. Model: Taste this soup (awful). How does it taste? It tastes awful. 1. Look at Freddy (ill) 2. Smell these flowers (sweet). 3. Wash this dress (well). 4. Feel this cloth (thin). 5. Taste this apple (sour). Exercise 3. Make sentences like this: This room feels cold. Use the verbs look, sound, smell, feel, taste and adjectives from the list. Good, bad, new, old, nice, right, wrong, wet, dry, big, small, clean, dirty, hot, ugly, heavy, light, asleep, awake, cheap, expensive, ill, well, hungry, thirsty, safe, dangerous, empty. Exercise 4. Write a conversation in 50—100 words between yourself and the waiter. You don’t know any of the dishes and you want the waiter to advise you.

LESSON 13 I. Exercise 1. Make the sentences interrogative and negative: 1. I have learned the poem by heart. 2. He has read the book. 3. They’ve gone fishing. 4. She has seen the film. 5. I’ve done these exercises. 6. He’s come home. 7. I’ve found my glasses. 8. She has taken the shower. 9. We’ve cleaned the room. 10. She’s swept the floor. — 33 —

Exercise 2. Make up short dialogues according to the model: a) Model: Have you ever been to Rome? Yes, I have. It’s a lovely city. Prompts: London — very interesting; Paris — beautiful; Washington — busy; New-York — crowded; Prague — old; Tokyo — big; Athens — old; Cardiff — small. b) Model: Have you ever been to Rome? I’ve never been to Rome, but I’ve been to Paris. Prompts: London — Moscow; Oxford — Cambridge; Berlin — Madrid; New-York — Washington; Copenhagen — Brussels; Geneva — Vienna; Edinburgh — Cardiff; Los-Angeles — SanFrancisco. c) Model: Have you found your glasses? Yes, I have. But I’ve lost my purse. Prompts: purse — exercise-book, key — bag, book — notebook, socks — tie, report — notes. d) Model: Are you going to do your exercises now? We’ve just done them. Prompts: have lunch, do the room, do the washing, do the ironing, clean the windows, make a report, iron the linen, read the text, wash your hair, make dinner. e) Model: Have you done your homework yet? No, I haven’t, but I’m going to do it soon. Prompts: as above. f) Model: Is he still doing that translation? No, he’s done it at last! Prompts: repair a car, do the washing-up, do homework, clean the room, iron the trousers, look through the newspaper, make the bed, make tea, bake a cake, cook the dinner, write a letter, iron the linen. g) Model: Have you finished the exercise? No, I haven’t. I’m still doing it. Prompts: as above. — 34 —

h) Model: Could you help me buy the wedding-ring? Haven’t you bought it yet? I haven’t, I’m afraid. Prompts: do the washing-up, repair my car, make the dinner, clean the room, iron the linen, translate the exercise, paint the door, prepare a report, brush the suit. Exercise 3. Make up sentences as in the model. Model: Mary isn’t going to bake a cake today. She’s already baked a cake this week. 1. I’m not going to write to my daughter today. 2. She isn’t going to do the washing today. 3. We aren’t going to clean the windows today. 4. He isn’t going to brush his suit today. 5. They aren’t going to make a report today. 6. I’m not going to go to the laundry today. 7. She isn’t going to have a manicure today. 8. He isn’t going to wear his black suit today. 9. We aren’t going to spend a lot of money today. 10. They aren’t going to have a party today. Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect form. Translate them into Russian. Get ready for back translation. 1. Kate ... (be) very busy this week. 2. They ... (visit) many countries in the last few years. 3. ... you .. (see) Ben today? — Yes, I ... , but he ... (go) home already. 4. ... you ever (eat) Chinese food? —No, I ... . 5. How long ... you (know) him? — I ... (know) him for three years. 6. Everybody ... (go) to bed already. 7. How long ... he (be) ill? — He ... (be) ill for a week. 8. How long ... he ... (have) this car? — For a year. 9. She ... just (be) to the shops. — She ... (buy) anything? Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with prepositions for or since, translate the sentences and get ready for back translation. 1. Jane hasn’t seen Wendy ... more than a month. 2. In fact, they haven’t seen each other ... 1991. 3. I haven’t been to the cinema ... last year. 4. Ann hasn’t been to London ... a long time. 5. I haven’t heard from my sister ... a year. 6. Hugh has been out of job ... six months. 7. Ann hasn’t had a job ... last year. 8. Sam has been ill ... Tuesday. 9. I have been here ... 5 o’clock. 10. They have been married ... two years. — 35 —

II. Exercise 1. Answer the questions: 1. Where do you go if you want to have your hair done? 2. Where do you go if you want to have your clothes cleaned? 3. When do you do the shopping? What do you usually buy? 4. Do you look through the newspapers in the morning or in the evening? 5. Do you often listen to music? 6. What sort of music do you prefer? 7. Do you play any musical instrument? 8. What do you put on if the weather is cold? 9. Do you listen to the news on the radio? 10. Do you watch the news on television? 11. How often do you clean the room? 12. Do you often go to bed late? 13. What do you say if you meet your friend? 14. What do you say if you want someone to pay attention to what you’re saying? 15. What do you do if there’s something wrong with your television? 16. What do you usually do in class? 17. You aren’t late for your classes, are you? 18. What do you do when it’s getting dark? 19. How long does it take you to get to the University? How do you usually get there? 20. What do you put on if it’s raining? 21. What do you say if you see that the television isn’t working? Exercise 2. Translate the words and word combinations into English and use them in sentences of your own. Îøèáèòüñÿ, ñäåëàòü äîêëàä, ñøèòü ïëàòüå, ïðèãîòîâèòü ÷àé, ðàçâåñòè êîñòåð, çàðàáàòûâàòü äåíüãè, ñäåëàòü ïîäàðîê, ïîäðóæèòüñÿ, çàíèìàòüñÿ ðàáîòîé ïî äîìó, óáèðàòü êâàðòèðó, ñäåëàòü ïðè÷åñêó, ãëàäèòü, äåëàòü ïîêóïêè, ïðèíîñèòü ïîëüçó, íàíîñèòü âðåä, äåëàòü óïðàæíåíèÿ, ñòèðàòü. Exercise 3. Translate the sentences into English. 1. ß âñòàþ â ñåìü ÷àñîâ óòðà è ïðèíèìàþ äóø. 2. Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè âàì íóæíî, ÷òîáû äîáðàòüñÿ äî óíèâåðñèòåòà? — Îáû÷íî ìèíóò äâàäöàòü, åñëè ìû åäåì íà àâòîáóñå. 3. ×òî ñëó÷èëîñü ñ óòþãîì? Òû íå ìîæåøü åãî îòðåìîíòèðîâàòü? 4. ß óæå óáðàë â êîìíàòå è ñåé÷àñ äåëàþ óðîêè. 5. Ìýðè ñäåëàëà òðè îøèáêè â äèêòàíòå, à ó ìåíÿ íåò íè îäíîé îøèáêè. 6. Îáû÷íî ÿ ãëàæó áåëüå â ñóááîòó óòðîì, ò. ê. ïî áóäíÿì ó ìåíÿ ìàëî âðåìåíè. 7. Íàäåíü ïàëüòî, íà óëèöå õîëîäíî. 8. Òû ñìîòðèøü òåëåâèçîð? — Íåò. — Òîãäà âûêëþ÷è åãî. 9. Ñòàíîâèòñÿ òåìíî. Âêëþ÷è, ïîæàëóéñòà, ñâåò. 10. Êòî ìîåò ïîñóäó â âàøåé ñåìüå? 11. ß íèêîãäà íå îïàçäûâàþ íà çàíÿòèÿ. 12. Îáû÷íî ÿ ëîæóñü ñïàòü â 11 ÷àñîâ. 13. Ñêîëüêî — 36 —

âðåìåíè òû îáû÷íî äåëàåøü óðîêè? 14. Ó íàñ ìàëî âðåìåíè. 15. Ìû ñ íåòåðïåíèåì æäåì ëåòíèõ êàíèêóë. 16. ×òî òû áóäåøü äåëàòü ïîñëå çàíÿòèé? — ß ïîéäó â ïàðèêìàõåðñêóþ, ìíå íóæíî ñäåëàòü ïðè÷åñêó. 17. ß ïîéäó â õèì÷èñòêó ñåãîäíÿ äíåì. Ìíå íóæíî ïî÷èñòèòü êîñòþì. 18. Ìû óâåðåíû, ÷òî åìó ïîíðàâèòñÿ íàø ïîäàðîê. 19. Îíè äðóæàò óæå ïÿòü ëåò. 20. Ìû íå âèäåëèñü öåëóþ âå÷íîñòü. 21. Òû óæå ïîñìîòðåëà âñå ãàçåòû? 22. Äåòè óæå ëåãëè ñïàòü. 23. Ñíèìè ïàëüòî, çäåñü æàðêî. 24. Ìíå óäàëîñü ïîëó÷èòü ýòó ðàáîòó. 25. Ïî äîðîãå äîìîé ÿ îáû÷íî äåëàþ ïîêóïêè. III. a) Read and translate the dialogue: IN

THE

MORNING

Ellen: I say, Mike, do hurry up! You’ve been in that bathroom for hours. Mike: Certainly not! I’ve just come in. Ellen: I like that! I heard you go in at least half an hour ago. You never think of others. Mike: You’re wrong, I always do. Ellen: Oh, Mike, do come out! I’m in such a hurry this morning. Have you put the kettle on? Mike: I’m afraid not. Ellen: Oh, bother! Mrs. Innes: What’s the matter, Ellen? Ellen: It’s Mike, he’s been there for such a long time, and he hasn’t even put the kettle on. Mrs. Innes: You’re wrong, he has. Ellen: No, he hasn’t. Mrs. Innes: No? Well, then, it must have been Daddy. Ellen: Ah, here you are at last. Have you cleaned the bath? Mike: I’m afraid not, you asked me to hurry, didn’t you? Ellen: I like that! You had plenty of time to do it. Mike: I had not. Ellen: Oh, go on with you! Notes: 1. Oh, bother! — an exclamation of irritation or annoyance. 2. I like that (ironical) — an exclamation of disapproval (Russ. Êàê âàì ýòî íðàâèòñÿ!) 3. Go on with you — go away. — 37 —

Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue. 1. Why does Ellen ask Mike to hurry up? 2. What does she accuse Mike of? 3. Has Mike put the kettle on? 4. Who has put the kettle on? 5. Why hasn’t Mike cleaned the bath? 6. Why is Ellen angry with Mike? Exercise 2. Use the following sentences in your own short dialogues. I’m afraid you’re wrong. I like that! Oh, bother! Go on with you! Exercise 3. Acting the scene. Mike and Ellen are arguing about who must prepare breakfast. b) Read and translate the dialogue: AUNT FLORA DECIDES

TO

GO

WITH

PAUL

Aunt Flora: What are you going to do on Sunday, dear? Paul: I’m going to see Kate. We’re planning to go to St. James’s Park. Aunt Flora: Are you going to hire a boat again? Paul: Yes, we are. Aunt Flora: That’s very foolish of you. It’s so easy to fall into the water. Paul: That’s very unlikely. Besides, the lake isn’t very deep. In fact, it’s shallow. Aunt Flora: It is deep. Paul: But we are always very careful. Aunt Flora: I’m going to join you. Paul: Are you really? What for? Aunt Flora: To see that you’re careful. Paul: That’s very kind of you, Aunt Flora, but ... Aunt Flora: That’s all right, dear. Note: St. James’s Park — a park in London with a small lake. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue. 1. Where is Paul going to spend Sunday? 2. Who is he planning to go to St. James’s Park with? 3. Are Paul and Kate going to hire a — 38 —

boat? 4. What is Aunt Flora afraid of? 5. How does Paul try to comfort Aunt Flora? 6. What does Aunt Flora decide to do? 7. Why does she decide to join Paul and Kate? 8. What does Paul say to that? Exercise 2. Make up sentences according to the model. Use the given words. Model: foolish That’s very foolish of you. Ñlever of him — nice of her — stupid of them — thoughtful of you — good of her — thoughtless of us — kind of you. Exercise 3. Use the following sentences in short dialogues. That’s very unlikely. I haven’t the slightest idea. Goodness knows. Improbable! It’s too good to be true. Exercise 4. Acting the scene. Characters: Aunt Flora and Paul. Paul is going hiking with his friends. Aunt Flora doesn’t want him to go.

LESSON 14 I. Exercise 1. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative: 1. Tom went to the library yesterday. 2. He left for Moscow a week ago. 3. He studied Spanish last year. 4. She quarrelled with her friend yesterday. 5. He asked me a question. 6. We travelled a lot last year. 7. She taught English last year. 8. He saw a detective film yesterday. 9. He gave me the textbook yesterday. 10. He stayed in a hotel in London. 11. She told me an interesting story yesterday. 12. They came to Moscow a year ago. 13. He passed his exam last week. 14. We got to the station in time for the train. 15. She drank much coffee yesterday morning. 16. He read newspapers yesterday afternoon. 17. He made many mistakes in his dictation.

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Exercise 2. Ask questions to the sentences using the words in brackets: 1. He went to school (Where?). 2. We came home late last night (When?). 3. They were waiting for John (Who?). 4. My friend saw this film last week (When?). 5. She bought a new dress yesterday (What?). 6. He had toast and marmalade for breakfast (What?). 7. He was looking for his glasses when I came in (What?). 8. He was looking at the picture (What?). 9. He stayed at a hotel (Where?). 10. They were quarreling when I came in (Why?). 11. We were listening to music (What?). 12. He left the house at 8 o’clock (What time?). Exercise 3. Complete the sentences as in the model. Model: I didn’t drink juice, I drank milk. 1. She didn’t buy a dress, ... 2. My mother didn’t teach me English, ... 3. I didn’t do any shopping, I ... 4. I didn’t spend all my money on books, I ... 5. I didn’t read the newspaper, I ... 6. I didn’t write an article for a magazine, I ... 7. She didn’t ring me up yesterday, she ... 8. We didn’t go to the cinema, we... 9. He didn’t get up at 6 o’clock this morning, he ... 10. They didn’t have breakfast at 9, they ... 11. He didn’t give me a book, he ... 12. She didn’t wear a black dress at the party, she ... 13. The students didn’t speak Russian in class, they ... Exercise 4. Make up short dialogues as in the models: Model 1: She isn’t going to cook spaghetti today. Why isn’t she? Because she cooked spaghetti yesterday. 1. I’m not going to go to the cinema tonight. 2. We aren’t going to drink coffee in the evening. 3. He isn’t going to wear this black suit today. 4. She isn’t going to study mathematics this weekend. 5. I’m not going to spend a lot of money this week. 6. We aren’t going to write an essay this week. 7. I’m not going to make a report tomorrow. 8. She isn’t going to do the shopping today. 9. I’m not going to go to bed early today. 10. We aren’t going to go out tonight. 11. I’m not going to give my textbook to him today. 12. They aren’t going to stay at home tonight. Model 2: How did John break his arm? He broke his arm while he was playing tennis. — 40 —

1. How did Sally break her leg? (ski down the mountain) 2. How did Martin lose his wallet? (play football with his son) 3. How did Fred meet his wife? (wait for the bus one day) 4. How did Peggy meet her husband? (read in the library one day) 5. How did Walter cut himself? (shave) 6. How did Mrs. Thompson burn herself? (bake cookies) 7. When did you have an accident? (drive home) 8. When did a dog bite you? (stand at the corner) Model 3: Are you going to do your homework? No, I have already done it. When did you do it? An hour ago. Prompts: tell them the news, speak to the teacher, read the article, translate the text, answer the letters, write an essay, finish your work, make a report, pay the phone bill, do the shopping, have your car repaired, bake a cake, brush the suit, see the new film. Exercise 5. Use the sentences in indirect speech: 1. He said: «I’m going to the seaside next week». 2. She said: «I’m going to take my English exam». 3. He said: «I don’t feel well today». 4. He said: «I am good at swimming». 5. She said: «I don’t know him well». 6. She asked: «Where do you live?». 7. She said: «I’m rather good at skiing». 8. He asked: «Do you find it difficult to study mathematics?». 9. He asked: «Do you have time to go in for sports?». 10. She said: «I’m fond of tennis». 11. She asked: «What kind of sport do you go in for?». 12. He said: «I’m not enjoying my job very much». 13. She said: «I can’t come to the party on Saturday». 14. He said: «I’m living in London now». II. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation: 1. I admire her courage. 2. He has enormous admiration for them all. 3. She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration. 4. Are you angry with me? 5. She was always sending angry letters to the newspapers. 6. We walked on in silence. 7. There was a shocked silence. 8. The woman was silent for a moment. 9. We finished breakfast silently. 10. The guns have fallen silent. 11. Ann’s got a scientific mind. 12. We have to make up our minds quickly or — 41 —

they’ll go without us. 13. All of a sudden he changed his mind and decided not to go anywhere. 14. I don’t mind walking. 15. Do you mind if I stay here? 16. You need 120 marks out of 200 to pass. 17. I can’t help feeling that it was a mistake to let him go. 18. What are you going to do with the money you won? — I haven’t made up my mind yet. 19. Where is he going to go for his holiday? — At first he planned to go to the seaside, but then he changed his mind. 20. He spent three years in prison. 21. I tried to telephone you, but I couldn’t get through. 22. I don’t go in for sports. 23. She passed her driving test. 24. She’s good at languages. 25. She is training to be a doctor. 26. He spends two hours a day training for the race. 27. Tom is very proud of his new car. 28. Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year. 29. This fine picture is the pride of my collection. Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English: 1. ×òî âû ñîáèðàåòåñü äåëàòü â ïðàçäíèêè? — ß åùå íå ðåøèë. 2. Âû õîòåëè çàíÿòüñÿ ñïîðòîì. Âû ïåðåäóìàëè? 3. Âû ñîáèðàåòåñü ïîêóïàòü ìàøèíó? — Íåò, ÿ ïåðåäóìàë. 4.  êàêîì ãîäó âû îêîí÷èëè øêîëó? —  ïðîøëîì ãîäó. — Âû ñäàâàëè ýêçàìåíû â óíèâåðñèòåò? — Äà, íî ÿ íå î÷åíü õîðîøî ñäàë ýêçàìåí ïî ëèòåðàòóðå. 5. ß óâåðåí, ÷òî Äæîí ñäàñò ýêçàìåí, îí î÷åíü òðóäîëþáèâûé. 6.  ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ îíà äîáèëàñü áîëüøèõ óñïåõîâ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå. 7. ß óæå òðè ðàçà íàáðàë íîìåð, íî ëèíèÿ çàíÿòà. 8. ß íå ìîãó èçáàâèòüñÿ îò îøèáîê.  ïîñëåäíåì äèêòàíòå ÿ ñíîâà ñäåëàë ïÿòü îøèáîê. 9. Îíè ïðîâîäèëè âðåìÿ, ÷èòàÿ êíèãè èëè ãóëÿÿ â ïàðêå. 10. Â÷åðà ÿ âåñü âå÷åð ïûòàëñÿ åé äîçâîíèòüñÿ, íî íèêòî íå îòâå÷àë. Åå, íàâåðíîå, íå áûëî äîìà. 11. ß íå ìîãó íå âîñõèùàòüñÿ åãî ðàññêàçàìè. 12. ß íå ìîãó äîçâîíèòüñÿ, ëèíèÿ çàíÿòà. 13. Òû íå âîçðàæàåøü, åñëè ìû îáñóäèì ýòîò âîïðîñ ñåé÷àñ? 14. Âû íå âîçðàæàåòå, åñëè ÿ îòêðîþ îêíî? 15. Åñëè âû õîòèòå îâëàäåòü ÿçûêîì, âû äîëæíû ìíîãî ðàáîòàòü. 16. Ïî÷åìó îí ñåðäèò íà òåáÿ? 17. ß íå ìîã íå óëûáíóòüñÿ, ðåáåíîê áûë òàêîé çàáàâíûé. 18. Ïî-ìîåìó, îí ñëèøêîì ãîðäûé, ÷òîáû ïðîñèòü î ïîìîùè. 19. Èçâèíèòå, ÿ íåïðàâèëüíî íàáðàë íîìåð.

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III. Read and translate the dialogue: I HAVEN’T MADE UP MY MIND YET Ann: What will you do when you leave school, Mary? Mary: I haven’t given it much thought yet and my parents are getting worried about it. Ann: And I have made up my mind already… Mary: What sort of career do you have in mind? Ann: I want to be a nurse. Mary: A nurse? I always get sick at the sight of blood. Ann: There’s a very good school for medical nurses in our town. My teachers encourage me to take up this career. And after some years of work as a nurse I shall go to a medical institute and study to become a doctor. What sort of interest do you have? Mary: Nothing special – I like music and dancing and sewing, but I don’t have any hobbies if that’s what you mean. Ann: Hmm, I see. Have you ever thought of becoming a dressmaker? There are special vocational schools, you know. Mary: That is not a particularly original suggestion… that sort of job can become so monotonous. I can’t stand monotonous work. I want something more exciting. Ann: How about an air hostess? Then you can travel and meet lots of interesting people. Mary: I’d love to, but I’m too plain. Don’t you think so? Everybody else does. Ann: No? I don’t. I’ve seen many air hostesses plainer than you. I mean … I don’t mean that you’re plain … Mary: It’s a highly competitive career … Ann: If you want to try you shouldn’t waste any time getting started. Mary: Oh, Ann. I just remembered. I could never be an air hostess. Ann: Why on earth not? Mary: I always get sick when I fly! Exercise 1. Match the words and their definitions: Start doing a job, when seeing sth, support sth actively, can’t bear or tolerate sth, use too much of your time on sth that is not — 43 —

important or necessary, a type of job or profession that someone does for a long period of his life, not at all beautiful. ___________________________________________________ can’t stand, take up, plain, career, at the sight of, waste, encourage. Make up your own sentences using the words above. Exercise 2. Find in the dialogue the English equivalents for the following phrases: Çàêîí÷èòü øêîëó, áåñïîêîèòüñÿ, ïðèíÿòü ðåøåíèå, íè÷åãî îñîáåííîãî, êàê íàñ÷åò... ?, òðàòèòü âðåìÿ, ÿ åùå íå äóìàëà îá ýòîì, òåðïåòü íå ìîãó, ïðè âèäå ÷åãî-ëèáî, øêîëà ìåäñåñòåð. Exercise 3. Answer the questions on the dialogue. 1. What will Mary do when she leaves school? 2. Why are Mary’s parents getting worried? 3. What sort of career does Ann have in mind? 4. What does Mary think of Ann’s choice? 5. Why does Ann want to take up the career of a nurse? 6. What interests does Mary have? 7. Does she intend to be a dressmaker? 8. Why doesn’t Mary like to be a dressmaker? 9. What career does Ann suggest to Mary as more exciting than dressmaking? 10. Why does Ann think that the career of an air hostess is more suitable for Mary? 11. Mary is afraid that she won’t be suitable for the job of an air hostess, why? 12. What does she suddenly remember that may prevent her from taking up the career of an air hostess? Exercise 4. Acting the scene. Characters: Two schoolgirls are talking about choosing a career. You may use the following words and expressions. Career; to give it much thought; to have something in mind; many professions are open to; would you like being a ...?; I’d love to; I should if I were you; a highly competitive career; you shouldn’t waste any time getting started.

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LESSON 15 I. Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. 1. I will have to get up early tomorrow. 2. He will be able to repair this car. 3. She will come to see us tomorrow evening. 4. We will be working at 10 o’clock tomorrow. 5. I’ll put on that dress when I go to the party. 6. I will clear the table. 7. If the weather is sunny we will go for a picnic. 8. She will be doing her homework at 7 o’clock. Exercise 2. Answer the questions as in the model. Model 1. Will the play begin soon? Yes, it will. It will begin at 8.00/No, it won’t. It won’t begin until 9.00. 1. Will the game begin soon? 2. Will the soup be ready soon? 3. Will Shirley be back soon? 4. Will Mr Black come soon? 5. Will the lecture finish soon? 6. Will Mr Smith phone soon? 7. Will they repair the car soon? 8. Will you finish your work soon? 9. Will they translate the article soon? Model 2. Will you be at home this evening? Yes, I will. I’ll be watching TV. No, I won’t. I’ll be working at the office. Prompts: go out with friends; do my homework; read a magazine; study English; get ready for my exam; meet my friend; at the airport; play tennis with my friend; eat out; visit my grandparents; write a letter to my cousin. Model 3. Has Bob phoned yet? No, but when he calls, I’ll tell you. 1. Has Ann woken up yet? 2. Has it stopped raining yet? 3. Has Bill returned yet? 4. Have they got up yet? 5. Has she sent a letter yet? 6. Have they gone away on holiday yet? 7. Has the Headmaster come yet? Model 4. Are you going to play tennis? I will if I’m not too tired. Prompts: watch TV — the programme is good; go for a walk — it doesn’t rain; go swimming — you come too; go to the beach — — 45 —

it’s sunny; plant flowers — it isn’t hot; write a letter to your friend — I’m not busy. Model 5. If it’s sunny tomorrow, I’ll go to the beach. And if it isn’t sunny? If it isn’t sunny, I’ll stay at home and read a book. Prompts: good weather — go fishing, hot — go swimming, warm — go for a picnic; it’s snowing — go skiing, cold — go skating. Model 6. Will you type this letter for me, please? I can’t, I’m afraid. I have to tidy the office. Do you have to tidy the office now? — Yes, I do. I was asked to. Prompts: do the shopping — do my homework; lay the table — clean the room; clear the table — wash up the dishes; meet him at the station — get to the office early; sweep the floor — do the shopping; cook dinner — go to the post office. II. Exercises 1. Translate the sentences into Russian. Get ready for back translation. 1. It’s hard to keep warm in this cold weather. 2. Her illness kept her in hospital for six weeks. 3. The weather’s dull today; we shall have rain. 4. What a bright sunny day! 5. The rain splashed on the window. 6. I fell into the water with a splash. 7. Foggy weather has made driving conditions very dangerous. 8. The news soon spread through the town. 9. His interests now spread over several subject. 10. He lit up a cigarette. 11. The room is lit by several lights. 12. Her husband was a real beast. 13. I could hardly wait to hear the news. 14. This is hardly the time for buying new clothes. We only got enough money for food. 15. It’s been a hard winter. Frost has killed several of our new young plants. 16. Water freezes at 0° degrees Centigrade. 17. The lake has frozen up. 18. It’s freezing night. 19. It’s freezing in this room; can we have a fire? 20. It was a fine morning with the sun shining. 21. The sun shone in the sky. 22. He slid along the ice. 23. Wood floats on water. 24. It’s very close in here; open the window. 25. Shall I pour you another cup of tea? It’s pouring down. 26. Blood poured from the wound. 27. After all that running I have no breath left. 28. Take a deep breath. 29. Let’s go out for a breath of fresh air. 30. The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. — 46 —

Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English. 1. ß åäâà çíàþ ëþäåé, ñ êîòîðûìè ðàáîòàþ. 2. Óòðî áûëî ïàñìóðíîå. 3. Äîæäü çàáðûçãàë ñòåêëî. 4. Îí îïîëîñíóë ëèöî õîëîäíîé âîäîé. 5. Áîëåçíü ìîæåò ðàñïðîñòðàíèòüñÿ î÷åíü áûñòðî. 6. Îí çàäóì÷èâî ïîñìîòðåë íà îñâåùåííûå îêíà. 7. Îíà îñòàíîâèëàñü è çàæãëà ñïè÷êó. 8. Îí âäîõíóë õîëîäíûé âîçäóõ. Îí ìîã ñëûøàòü åå ãëóáîêîå ðàçìåðåííîå (regular) äûõàíèå. 9. Ìîðîçû ïðîäîëæàëèñü äî àïðåëÿ. 10. Ðåêà çàìåðçëà. Âîäà â êîëîäöàõ (wells) çàìåðçëà. 11. Äåíü áûë òåïëûé, íî ïàñìóðíûé. Íåáî áûëî ñåðîå, ïîêðûòîå îáëàêàìè. 12. Îíà íàëèëà ñåáå åùå îäíó ÷àøêó ÷àÿ. 13. Íå âûõîäèòå íà óëèöó â ëèâåíü. 14. Ñíàðóæè ìîðîñèò äîæäü. 15. Ñíåã íà÷àë òàÿòü. 16. Åå áðèëëèàíòû ñâåðêàëè íà ñîëíöå. 17. Îíà ïîñêîëüçíóëàñü íà (against) ëüäó. 18. Áðåâíà (logs) ïëûëè âíèç ïî ðåêå. 19. Â÷åðà íî÷üþ áûë ñèëüíûé ìîðîç. 20. Êàêîé ïðîãíîç ïîãîäû? — Óòðîì áóäåò ãóñòîé òóìàí, íî äíåì îí ðàññååòñÿ. 21. Íåáî áûëî õìóðûì, è äíåì ïîøåë ìåëêèé äîæäü. 22. Øåë ïðîëèâíîé äîæäü, è ìû ïðîìîêëè íàñêâîçü. 23. Âñïûøêà ìîëíèè îñâåòèëà íåáî. III. Read and translate the text: WORRYING ABOUT

THE

WEATHER

There’s an old English saying which goes: Whether the weather is cold Or whether the weather is hot We’ll weather the weather Whatever the weather Whether we like it or not. Roughly translated, that means that whatever the weather is like, good or bad, we’ll accept it. But, as everyone knows, that’s not quite true. It’s a well-known fact that the English spend more time complaining about the weather than anything else. Why are we so worried about our weather? The answer is that we cannot accept the fact that, unlike the rest of Europe, we have a terrible climate. It may be colder in Scandinavia, but at least they have the excitement of snow. We hardly ever have snow, just rain, sleet and fog. But when we say to each other, «Isn’t it dreadful weather today? It’s pouring with rain», we sound surprised, as though — 47 —

it is very unexpected, when, in fact, it has been raining every day, for two weeks. Surprisingly, few people take much notice of the weather reports in the newspapers, on radio and television. For a start, no one really understands what they mean when the forecasters use words like «depression» and «anti-cyclone». And anyway, we never believe what they say will happen. Also, we like to be surprised. As soon as we wake in the morning, we go to the window and open the curtains to «see what the weather is doing» as if we expect at least a hurricane, or a snowstorm. As for the weatherforecaster, his job is simple. Whenever there is a major sporting event like Ascot, Wimbledon or an important cricket match, he knows that it is sure to rain! No conversation ever starts in England without a comment on the weather. It is almost a formality, like shaking hands. «How do you do? Nice day today», or «How do you do? A bit parky, isn’t it?» Parky means cold, and it is only used when talking about the weather. Other typical comments on the weather are, «What’s the weather like down your way?» or «What time the rain get to your part of the world?» Then there are people who pretend they know exactly what the weather will do next. That sort of person is always convinced that it will get worse. While sunbathing in 80 degrees of heat, they will say, «There’s a nasty ni p in the air. We’ll have frost tomorrow morning». The only time that we do want cold weather is at Christmas, when everyone is dreaming of a white Christmas. But sadly, it hasn’t snowed in many places in Britain on Christmas Day since 1963. These days, it always seems to snow in April instead of December, and then not very much. Snowmen are becoming almost extinct. As we refuse to accept that it rains most of the time, we always dress in the wrong clothes. The only people who are always prepared for rain are businessmen who carry umbrellas, even during the hottest months. Because it rains so much in this country, everyone cheers up when it is sunny. Girls have only one idea — to get brown before the good weather comes to an end. But even when the weather is marvellous, we can’t help complaining after a whole. For the first week everyone is happy. Then gradually the complaints start. «Too — 48 —

hot», «unbearable», people say. We actually want it to rain again! We deserve all the bad weather we get! Notes: 1. Ascot — a place near London where races are held. 2. 80 degrees — the temperature is given by Fahrenheit. It is the name of a thermometer with 32 degrees for the freezing point of water and 212 degrees for the boiling point. 80° ≈ 26,6° C. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the text. 1. What does the old English saying given at the beginning of the text mean? 2. What do Englishmen mostly complain of? 3. Do they often have snow in winter? 4. Why is bad weather never unexpected in England? 5. Why do few people take much notice of the weather reports in England? 6. Is the job of the weather-forecaster simple or complicated? Why? 7. What typical comments on the weather do you know in English? 8. What kind of weather are Englishmen dreaming about at Christmas? 9. Does it often snow in Britain on Christmas? 10. Why do Englishmen often dress in the wrong clothes? 11. Who are the only people in England who are always prepared for rain? 12. What do girls try to do when it is sunny? Exercise 2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and phrases and make up your own sentences with them. Æàëîâàòüñÿ (íà ÷òî-ëèáî), çàìå÷àòü, óðàãàí, âîëíåíèå, ïîæèìàòü äðóã äðóãó ðóêè, ïðèîáîäðèòüñÿ, èñ÷åçàþùèé, ñèíîïòèê, íåîæèäàííûé, íåâûíîñèìûé, ïîäõîäèòü ê êîíöó, ìå÷òàòü î ÷åì-ëèáî. Exercise 3. Compose sentences according to the model. Use the key-words and the tenses given in the model. Model: He/tremble/speak/nervous He was trembling as he spoke as if he were very nervous. She/sing/walk/happy — he/shout/swim/frightened — the girls/cry/come in/upset — they/smile/sit down/pleased — he/ shiver/come/cold. — 49 —

Exercise 4. a) In no more than 200 words prove that though Englishmen often complain of the weather the devil is not so black as he is painted. b) Describe how bad weather destroyed your holiday, weekend, picnic, etc.

LESSON 16 I. Exercise 1. Make up short dialogues as in the models. Model 1. Did Mr. and Mrs Jones drive to the beach last weekend? No, they didn’t. They had driven to the beach the weekend before. Prompts: swim in the sea — last week; make a cake — yesterday; go to the cinema — last weekend; go skiing — last week; have a picnic — last Sunday; give a party — last night; do his homework — last weekend; play tennis — yesterday. Model 2. Did he get to the cinema in time? No, he didn’t. By the time he got to the cinema, the film had already begun. Prompts: concert hall — concert — begin; post-office — close; station — train — leave; university — lecture — end; cinema — film — start; meeting — finish; bank — close; airport — the plane — take off. Exercise 2. Make up short dialogues as in the model. Model 1. I’ll meet her at the station. — But you said you would meet her at the office. Prompts: make a pie — a cake; buy a blue shirt — a red one; watch television — go to the cinema; go by train — go by car; stay with my friends — stay in a hotel; stay at home — go out; listen to the news — watch a film. Model 2. He came early. Did he? But she said she had come late. — 50 —

Prompts: write a long letter — a short one; buy two newspapers — only one; go to Moscow — go to St. Petersburg; sell his house — his car; do well in the exam — not to do well; take up mathematics — biology. Exercise 3. a) Paraphrase the sentences using a great deal of ..., a good deal of ..., instead of a lot ... 1. They talked a lot. 2. He knows a lot. 3. He usually walks a lot. 4. I spend a lot of money on clothes. 5. He spends a lot of time working at this English. 6. He has done a lot of work. 7. They buy a lot of food every week. 8. You’ll make good progress in your English if you read a lot. b) Paraphrase the sentences using a great number of ..., a great many instead of a lot. 1. There were a lot of people at the bus-stop. 2. He met a lot of people while travelling. 3. He’s written a lot of novels. 4. A lot of houses have been built here recently. 5. He writes a lot of letters every day. 6. He took a lot of photographs when he was on holiday. 7. They saw a lot of sights during their tour of the city. Exercise 4. Replace the words in italics with a great deal of, a great number of, plenty of, lots of, a lot of. 1. There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got much time. 2. Ann isn’t very busy these days. She has much free time. 3. I took many photographs when I was on holiday. 4. He’s got no financial problems. He’s got much money. 5. Come and sit down with us. There’s much room. 6. She knows a lot but she still has much to learn. 7. It’s an interesting town to visit. There are many things to see. Exercise 5. Make up exclamatory sentences beginning with what. Model. It’s a nice day. What a nice day it is! It’s terrible weather! What terrible weather it is! 1. Ann’s a clever girl. 2. This water’s hot. 3. It’s an interesting film. 4. It’s a high mountain. 5. It’s a strong wind. 6. John is a bright student. — 51 —

7. It’s lovely weather. 8. Mr. Brown’s a strange man. 9. She’s a pretty girl. 10. It’s a dull book. 11. It’s a heavy and interesting job. 12. That’s boring work. 13. That’s heavy luggage. II. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. Judy was tired of quarrelling with him. 2. The strike went on for over a year before it was finally settled. 3. Good, well, that’s settled then. 4. Casson took off his raincoat and settled before the fire. 5. It’s time you settled the argument. 6. Nothing it settled yet. 7. The lawsuit was settled out of court. 8. Does he realize his mistake yet? 9. He was about to start speaking when the telephone rang. 10. Her father is about to retire. 11. Tim had just reached the corner when Judy caught up with him. 12. My father started work when he was ten. 13. The meeting starts at 7. 14. She started as a secretary. 15. We’d better go indoors. 16. School classes were held outdoors. 17. Let them go outdoors and play. 18. What languages do you know besides English? 19. There right beside the road is a large gray house. 20. We’ll think the matter over before settling it finally. 21. I realized that everybody was looking at me. 22. They pitched a tent on the river bank. 23. She told the children to swim close to the shore. 24. We had made up our minds to stay on the East Coast. 25. A river flows between its banks. 26. There are many islands off the coast. 27. We could see the trees on the other shore of the lake. Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with prepositions besides, beside, except, with, at, for, of, over. 1. What are you going to do ... the weekend? 2. I never leave any work ... the weekend. 3. My friend is coming to stay ... me ... the weekend. 4. Are you going to stay here ... the weekend? 5. He was too tired ... the journey and went to sleep at once. 6. Jack is never tired ... tennis. He can play it for hours. 7. We spent the weekend ... the seaside. 8. The family started ... the railway station. 9. He suddenly felt sorry ... her. 10. He dreamed ... a quiet evening at home. 11. They are proud ... their children. 12. Will you turn ... the radio? I’d like to listen to the news. 13. The child trembled ... fear when he saw a dog. 14. What are you laughing ... ? 15. I don’t know anything about him ... that he lives next door. 16. This is my best suit; I have two others ... 17. He — 52 —

lived in a town ... the sea. 18. Ten of us passed the exam ... John. 19. I know nothing about the accident ... what I read in the newspaper. Exercise 3. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Ïåðâîå âðåìÿ îí íå ïîíèìàë, ÷òî îí íå ïðàâ, ïîçäíåå îí îñîçíàë ñâîþ îøèáêó. 2. Âàì ñëåäóåò ïîñëàòü òåëåãðàììó ñðàçó. 3. ß ëó÷øå îñòàíóñü çäåñü. 4. Ñîáñòâåííî ãîâîðÿ, âñå óæå ðåøåíî. 5. Âñå åùå òàê íåîïðåäåëåííî. 6. Îí ñîáèðàëñÿ ñêàçàòü ìíå ÷òîòî, êîãäà ðàçäàëñÿ ñòóê â äâåðü. 7. Õîðîøî, ÷òî âû ïðèøëè. ß òîëüêî ÷òî ñîáèðàëñÿ çâîíèòü âàì. 8. Êîãäà îí ïîíÿë, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî, îí ïîæàëåë îá ýòîì. 9. Âû ïîíèìàåòå ìîé âîïðîñ? 10. Ñòàðûé Ñìèò çàïëàòèë âñå ñâîè äîëãè, êðîìå äîëãà ãîñïîäèíó Ãðèíó. 11. Âû äîëæíû ìíîãî ÷èòàòü ïîìèìî ó÷åáíèêà, ÷òîáû îâëàäåòü èíîñòðàííûì ÿçûêîì. 12. Îí åäåò â îòïóñê íà ñåâåðíîå ïîáåðåæüå Èñïàíèè. 13. Ìû ìîãëè âèäåòü ëîäêó íà ðàññòîÿíèè ìèëè îò áåðåãà. 14. Ëåòîì ìû ïðîâåëè äâå íåäåëè íà ìîðå. 15. Êðîìå òîãî, ÿ íå õî÷ó íèêóäà èäòè, ÿ óñòàë. 16. Êðîìå ìèñòåðà Ãðèíà íà ñîáðàíèè áûëî åùå òðè ÷åëîâåêà. 17. Âñå, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì Äæîíà, óñòàëè. 18. ß ìîãó ïîéòè â îòïóñê â ëþáîå âðåìÿ, êðîìå àâãóñòà. 19. ß äîëãî áîëåë è ñåé÷àñ äîëæåí äîãîíÿòü ãðóïïó. 20. Èäè, ÿ òåáÿ äîãîíþ. 21. ß óñòàë ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð, äàâàé ïîãóëÿåì. III. Read and translate the text: AN IDEAL HOLIDAY When I was a boy every holiday that I had seemed ideal. All day, I seem to remember, I played on the sands with my friends. We made sandcastles with huge yellow walls, and watched the incoming tide destroy them; we played football, we splashed each other in the water and shrieked with excitement. When the tide went out, we climbed over the sli ppery rocks and stared down at the fish and the seaweed in the rock-pools. In those far-off days, the sun seemed to shine constantly and the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country, exploring ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees that overhung streams. Although I am now an adult, my idea of a good holiday is much the same as it was. I still like the sun and the warm sand and the sound — 53 —

of waves breaking on the beach. I no longer wish to build sandcastles, but I love sunbathing and the feel of sand running through my fingers, and I look forward to sitting down to a good meal in the evening. I think too, that I prefer travelling. I want to smell different smells; I want to see different kinds of trees, flowers and plants; and I also want to see people wearing different kinds of clothes. Above all, I want to listen to different musical rhythms from those I am used to. But I still need my companions — not, of course, to play on the sands and eat ices with, but to talk to on warm moonlit nights. Sometimes I wonder what my ideal holiday will be when I am old. All I shall want to do then, I expect, will be to lie in bed, reading books about children who made sandcastles with huge yellow walls, who watch the incoming tide, who make themselves sick on too many ices... Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the text. 1. When does every holiday seem ideal, when you’re a child or when you’re an adult? 2. What did the author of this story like to do with his boy-friends on the sands? 3. What did they make? 4. How long did their sandcastles live? 5. What simple joys made the boys shriek with excitement? 6. What did they like to watch lying on the sli ppery rocks? 7. What did they sometimes explore in the country? 8. Has the author’s idea of a good holiday changed? 9. What does he still like? 10. Why does he like travelling? 11. Why does he still need his companions? 12. Years change our ideals. What does the author think his ideal holiday will be like when he grows old? Exercise 2. Multi ple-choice questions. Choose the right answer. 1. When I was a boy every holiday I had seemed (too short, too dull, ideal). 2. I played on the sands with my friends making (sandcastles, much noise, various toys). 3. We like to stare down from the rocks at the (toy shi ps, boats, seaweed) in the rock-pools. 4. In those far-off days, the sun seemed to shine (too seldom, dimply, constantly). 5. I still like the sound of (waves breaking on the beach, children shrieking with excitement, buses rushing along the streets). 6. I’m now an adult, and I still need my friends to (play with, talk to, quarrel with). 7. I’m hungry, I’m looking forward to (meeting my friends, going for a walk, sitting down to a good meal). — 54 —

Exercise 3. Answer the question as in the model. Model: - What don’t you play with those boys? Are they too noisy? - Yes, exactly. They are too noisy to play with. 1. Why don’t you look forward to your vacations? Are they too far away? 2. Why didn’t you work in that room? Was it too crowded? 3. Why didn’t you listen to the lecture? Was it too boring? 4. Why didn’t you sit through the concert? Was it too long? 5. Why didn’t you sit down on that stool? Is it too low? 6. Why don’t you cut bread with this knife? Is it too blunt? 7. Why don’t you like to talk to Mike? Is he too dull? 8. Why can’t you rely on Peter? Is he too forgetful? Exercise 4. In not more than 80 words write a story entitled «Ideal holiday as I imagine it».

LESSON 17 I. Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. 1. The book was translated in time. 2. This work will be finished tomorrow. 3. The article has been translated into Russian. 4. This novel was written two years ago. 5. French has been taught here since last year. 6. Newspapers are delivered every day. 7. I was invited to the party yesterday. 8. This book is much talked about. 9. These rules will be revised at the next lesson. 10. This picture was taken last month. Exercise 2. Change the form of the verbs in the sentences from the active into the passive voice. a) 1. People don’t use this road very often. 2. The company employ two hundred people. 3. Water covers most of the Earth’s surface. 4. They lock the park gates at 6.30 p.m. every evening. 5. How do they pronounce this word? 6. We wake up the children at 7 a.m. every morning. 7. We clean the flat every week. 8. They build houses very quickly now. b) 1. They introduced me to Charlie. 2. They described him to me. 3. They explained the situation to me. 4. They suggested an alternative idea to him. 5. They cancelled all flights because of fog. — 55 —

6. They did the translation in time. 7. We finished the work yesterday. 8. They painted the kitchen blue. c) 1. He has turned off the lights. 2. We have paid for these goods. 3. They have postponed the concert. 4. They have mentioned the case to me. 5. They have cooked dinner. 6. We have laid the table. 7. I have invited him. 8. We have answered all the questions. 9. They have built a new hotel here. 10. She has just typed the letter. d) 1. I will post the letter tomorrow. 2. We will translate the article next week. 3. We won’t make a decision until the next meeting. 4. We will give you plenty of time to decide. 5. People will laugh at you if you say it. 6. They will inform you about the meeting. 7. They will build a new hotel here next year. 8. They will send us an invitation in a few days. e) 1. They are building a new hotel. 2. They are cleaning the carpet. 3. They are discussing the matter. 4. They are showing the film. 5. We are translating the book into Russian. 6. They are typing the letters now. 7. She is cooking a meal. 8. He is sending a fax. 9. Don’t you realize that they are laughing at you? 10. She is still laying the table. Exercise 3. Answer the question as in the models:. Model 1: Has everything been arranged? Yes, it has What did you say? I said everything had been arranged. 1. Has the question been settled? 2. Has the letter been posted? 3. Has the concert been postponed? 4. Have the goods been paid for? 5. Has the table been laid? 6. Has the project been discussed? 7. Have the letters been typed? 8. Has she been invited? Model 2: Will the new hotel be built next summer? Yes, it will. What did you say? I said the new hotel would be built next summer. 1. Will the letters be posted tomorrow? 2. Will the article be translated in time? 3. Will the goods be delivered in a week? 4. Will the question be settled at tomorrow’s meeting? 5. Will the portrait be painted? 6. Will the table be laid in time? 7. Will the letters be typed in time? 8. Will the concert be postponed? — 56 —

Exercise 4. Ask questions about the words in italics as in the model. Model: This picture was taken by my uncle (Who?). Who was this picture taken by? 1. I was invited to the wedding (Where...?). 2. I was excited about it all (What....?). 3. Jane was admired by everyone (Who...?). 4. Her dress was made of silk (What...?). 5. I was taken for my brother (Who...?). 6. Mr. Robinson was invited by Jane (Who...?). 7. The doctor was sent for an hour ago (When...?). 8. Rugby is played with an oval ball (What...?). Exercise 5. Make up short dialogues as in the model. Model: Has the car been repaired yet? Not yet. It’s being repaired right now. 1. Has the article been translated yet? 2. Have the letters been typed yet? 3. Has the question been discussed yet? 4. Has the room been cleaned yet? 5. Has the television been mended yet? 6. Have the dishes been washed yet? 7. Has the table been laid yet? 8. Has the portrait been painted yet? II. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian: offer sb to do sth offer sb sth 1. She offered to drive me to the station. 2. I don’t need any help it was kind of you to offer. 3. They offered me a cup of tea. 4. Constance offered to help me. 5. Arthur knew that you were leaving. Why didn’t he offer to see you off? Exercise 2. Change the sentences into indirect speech. Model: He said: «I’ll do it». He offered to do it. 1. Charles said: «I’ll get tickets». 2. George said: «I’ll see you off». 3. Constance said: «I’ll help you». 4. Dorothy said: «I’ll buy everything». 5. Norman said: «I’ll do the job».

— 57 —

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences into Russian. Suggest that sb should do sth Suggest sb doing sth 1. I suggest leaving now. 2. Who suggested going there? 3. Was the doctor’s suggestion accepted? 4. He suggested taking the five o’clock train. 5. We suggested meeting some time next week. 6. Can’t I suggest how we should do it. 7. He suggested that I should get my hair cut. Exercise 4. Change the sentences into indirect speech. Model: He said to me: «Don’t throw away the papers». He suggested that I shouldn’t throw away the papers. 1. Mr. Parker said: «Let us know when you return?». 2. Nick said: «Let’s go up and change!». 3. Helen said: «Let’s go to the beach». 4. Mr. Smith said: «Let’s discuss the plan now». 5. He said: «Something should be done about it». 6. «Why not have your hair cut?» — she said. 7. «It’s a lovely day. Let’s go for a walk» — he said. Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. She visited some of her relatives for a few days. 2. You might need to visit a solicitor. 3. She made a visit to her mother in Suffolk. 4. This is the best museum I’ve ever visited. 5. More than a million foreigners visit the United States every year. 6. The plays here are always well attended. 7. I stopped off in London to attend a conference. 8. I made a five-month tour of India and the Far East. 9. He spent his vacation touring the highlands of Scotland. 10. You should visit the tourist attractions. 11. She showed a party of tourists round the museum. 12. He arrived back at his hotel after midnight. 13. It took us hours to arrive at a decision. 14. Her wedding day arrived. 15. I don’t like the idea of going to ask for money. 16. They had many ideas on how films should be made. 17. Have you any idea how much it would cost? 18. People have different ideas of happiness. 19. «How much does he earn?» — «I’ve no idea». 20. I was greatly impressed by the pianist. 21. I had the impression that he didn’t trust me. 22. I’ve had a busy day. 23. She’s going to be busy till Friday. 24. Her assistant was busy putting the instruments away. 25. I decided to busy myself with our — 58 —

untidy lawn. 26. We have to suggest a list of possible topics for next term’s seminars. 27. Can you suggest somewhere for a short holiday? 28. I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon. 29. The firm had been unable to satisfy demand for its new small car. 30. She read what she had written with satisfaction. 31. Every detail was worked out to everyone’s satisfaction. 32. His doctor described his general state of health as fairly satisfactory. 33. He looked at her in surprise. 34. To my surprise, he nodded and agreed. 35. I was surprised at the number of bicycles. 36. It was surprising how much money she managed to earn. 37. The storm, when it broke, took them entirely by surprise. 38. The garage was on the outskirts of town. 39. The police are offering a big reward for any information about the murder. 40. They’ve offered us $ 60 000 for the house. Shall we take it. 41. They made us an offer we couldn’t refuse. 42. They took a taxi to make a tour of the city, didn’t they? 43. Take the side road to avoid traffic. 44. It is difficult to drive a car when the traffic is heavy. Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English. 1.  Àíãëèè äâèæåíèå ëåâîñòîðîííåå. 2.  ýòîé ÷àñòè ãîðîäà óëè÷íîå äâèæåíèå íå òàêîå ñèëüíîå. 3. Îí ïðåäëîæèë íàì ñîâåðøèòü ïîåçäêó ïî ñòðàíå. 4. Åìó ñêàçàëè, ÷òîáû îí ñîøåë íà ñëåäóþùåé îñòàíîâêå. 5. Îí ñïðîñèë, ãäå åìó íóæíî ñäåëàòü ïåðåñàäêó. 6. Îí ñïðîñèë, åñòü ëè ïîáëèçîñòè àâòîáóñíàÿ îñòàíîâêà. 7. Ñêîëüêî ñòîèò ïðîåçä? 8. Âñå äîëæíû ñîáëþäàòü ïðàâèëà äîðîæíîãî äâèæåíèÿ. 9. Âîäèòåëü íàðóøèë ïðàâèëà äîðîæíîãî äâèæåíèÿ. 10. Ëó÷øå íå åçäèòü íà ìàøèíå â ÷àñû ïèê. 11. Íà ýòîé óëèöå äâèæåíèå îäíîñòîðîííåå. 12. Âû íå ñêàæåòå, ãäå çäåñü áëèæàéøàÿ àïòåêà? — Ýòî â ïÿòè ìèíóòàõ õîäüáû îòñþäà. Ïðîéäèòå âíèç ïî óëèöå è ïîâåðíèòå íàëåâî. Àïòåêà íàõîäèòñÿ íàïðîòèâ ìàãàçèíà. 13. Ïðåäëîæè êîôå ãîñòÿì. 14. Îí ñäåëàë ïðåäëîæåíèå, îò êîòîðîãî ìû íå ìîãëè îòêàçàòüñÿ. 15. Íà âàøåé óëèöå áîëüøîå äâèæåíèå? — Çäåñü íå î÷åíü áîëüøîå äâèæåíèå. 16. Åãî îòâåò óäèâèë ìåíÿ. 17. ß óäèâëåí âàøèì ïîâåäåíèåì. 18. Ìåíÿ óäèâèëî òî, ÷òî îíà ñêàçàëà. 19. Ìîæåøü ïðåäñòàâèòü ìîå óäèâëåíèå, êîãäà îíà ñêàçàëà, ÷òî âûøëà çàìóæ â ïðîøëîì ãîäó. 20. Ê ìîåìó áîëüøîìó óäèâëåíèþ, îíè ïðåäëîæèëè ìíå ðàáîòó. 21. Ìû ñ óäèâëåíèåì óçíàëè, ÷òî îí ôðàíöóç. — 59 —

III. Read and translate the dialogue. COULD

YOU TELL ME THE WAY?

Betty: Excuse me. Could you tell me which way Dobson’s bookstore is? Nancy: Yes, it’s that way. You go two blocks, then turn left. It’s on the corner opposite the post office. Betty: Thanks, I’ve only been in town a few days, so I really don’t know my way around yet. Nancy: Oh, I know how you feel. We moved here a year ago, and I still don’t know where everything is. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue: 1. Why doesn’t Betty know her way around the town? 2. How long has she been in this town? 3. What store is she looking for? 4. What is the name of the girl Betty stopped in the street? 5. Could Nancy direct Betty to the bookstore? 6. Does Nancy know the town well? 7. When did Nancy move to that town? Exercise 2. Imagine you are a stranger in a town. Compose a dialogue between yourself and a passer-by. You may use some of these questions if you want. Excuse me. Could you tell me where ... is? Which is the way to...? Can you direct me to...? Would you please tell me the way to...? Exercise 3. Imagine you are a tourist and have just been on a conducted tour. You are talking to your local friend and share your impressions. You may use some of the words and questions: how did you find ...? How did you like ...? What did you think of ...? What was ... like? What about ...? How did you spend ...? Where did you ...? What did you ...? Words you may use in your answers: impressive/impressed, interesting/interested, fascinating/fascinated, exciting/excited, exhausting/exhausted, tiring/tired, amusing/amused. Exercise 4. In no more than 50 words describe how once you tried to find your way to the railway station when you were visiting a town. — 60 —

Exercise 5. Your friends are coming to see you next month. Suggest places to visit, things they might enjoy doing and seeing. Is there a particularly good time for them to visit these places? What can your friends do there? Write a letter of about 120—180 words.

LESSON 18 I. Exercise1. Make the sentences interrogative and negative. Translate them into Russian. Model: I saw her take the letter. Did you see her take the letter? I didn’t see her take the letter. 1. I heard him arrive. 2. Everybody heard him say it. 3. We watched them play golf. 4. I saw him overtake the lorry. 5. They noticed him press the button. 6. He heard the telephone ring. 7. I saw him get on the bus. 8. I heard him play the piano. 9. We saw him leave the room. 10. We noticed her put the paper into her case. Exercise 2. Replace the proper names in the sentences by corresponding personal pronouns. Model: I saw Mary enter the room. I saw her enter the room. 1. I saw John enter the house. 2. We saw Sally get on the bus. 3. We watched the children splashing in the water. 4. We didn’t hear Tom come in. 5. I heard Jim talking on the phone. 6. We heard the neighbours quarelling. 7. I felt Peter take me by the hand. 8. We saw Fred take the telegram out of the pocket. Exercise 3. Combine each of the pairs of sentences as in the model. Model: I heard him. He was talking. I heard him talking. 1. I saw him. He entered the house. 2. I heard them. They were talking. 3. I saw her. She took the letter. 4. We watched them. They were — 61 —

playing in the garden. 5. I heard her. She was singing. 6. I saw John. He was writing a letter. 7. We heard the neighbours. They were arguing. 8. We heard him. He was playing the piano. II. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation: 1. The boots fitted Rudolf perfectly. 2. Does the lid fit? 3. All my clothes fit into one suitcase. 4. She works hard at keeping fit. 5. She regarded herself as fit to be a governess. 6. She was dressed in a yellow sari with yellow ribbons to match. 7. That colour will suit you. 8. That coat really suits you. 9. She was wearing an evening gown. 10. Would Monday suit you? 11. This job wouldn’t suit me. 12. I bought the shoes to go with my coat. 13. White wine goes with fish. 14. She was wearing a T-shirt and jeans. 15. He didn’t like wearing a hat. 16. Move the carpet up or down it starts to wear. 17. He still dressed like a bank manager. 18. Both men were fully dressed. 19. He greeted us in his usual friendly fashion. 20. Exotic fruit are coming into fashion. 21. She never wears a hat. They are out of fashion. 22. Stri ped shirts were fashionable in 1963. 23. The Beatles set the fashion for a generation. 24. She cut the cake and gave me a piece. 25. He wears beautifully cut suits. 26. She tried on her new party dress. 27. Jane has turned into a model mother. 28. They were model students. 29. She sighed and shook her head sadly. 30. She went round the ward, talking to each woman in turn. 31. They took turns at the same typewriter. 32. You might as well help me. 33. We were rapidly running out of money. 34. «Can you give me a cigarette?» — «Sorry, I’ve run out». 35. I’m running out of patience. 36. I bought some lamb at the butcher’s. 37. I bought a nice piece of cod at the fishmonger’s. 38. Small corner shops simply cannot compete supermarkets on prices. Exercise 2. Change every sentence as in the model. a) Model: Try this dress on. Try on this dress. Try it on. 1. Turn the light on. 2. Could you fill this form in. 3. The police broke the door down. 4. I think I’ll throw these newspapers away. 5. Don’t wake the baby up. 6. I turned the gas off. 7. He put his coat on. 8. I told you to give the books in. 9. He looked the words up in the — 62 —

dictionary. 10. I paid the money back. 11. Pass these chocolates round. 12. Bring your own food along. 13. He knocked the heater over. 14. Do you like bright colours? How much was the dress you bought? Did it fit perfectly? What size shoes do you wear? What size gloves do you wear? What scarf would you choose to mater a pale green dress? b) Model: Did you remember to turn off the oven? I’ll turn it off right away. Prompts: bring back your library books, put away toys, hand in your English homework, put on your raincoat, take off your boots, throw away old magazines, take out the garbage. Exercise 3. Replace the phrases in italics using a phrase with do and making all the necessary changes: Model: They will write everything. They will do all the writing. 1. Who irons the clothes in this household? 2. I read a lot when I am on holiday. 3. We looked around and shopped a bit. 4. I’m cooking at the moment. 5. Did you see the sights of Rome? 6. Who washes the dishes in family? Exercise 4. Supply made of, made from, made with in these sentences: 1. Most cheap toys are ... plastic these days. 2. Chocolate is ... milk, cocoa, and flavourings. 3. The entire building is ... steel and glass. 4. The metal used in these coins is a cheap alloy ... various metals. 5. What’s plastic ...? 6. Whiskey is ... barley. 7. Marmalade is ... oranges and jam is ... some other fruit. 8. Instant coffee is ... hot water. 9. Chocolates ... fresh cream don’t keep long. 10. Cheese is ... milk. Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the words to fit, to go with, to become, to suit, to match, wear. 1. The dress doesn’t ... me: it is a bit too loose in the waist and tight round the hi ps. 2. This colour doesn’t ... you 3. I want a grey jacket ... my skirt. 4. The gloves don’t ... with my shoes. 5. At last I have found the dress which ... me perfectly. 6. The jacket ... you, but the colour ... you. 7. What colour tie will you recommend ... my light— 63 —

grey shirt? 8. I don’t think grey shoes will ... with your brown coat. 9. The dress is to my taste, but the price doesn’t ... me. 10. He’s ..... a new coat. 11. I’ll be .... in a red coat. 12. She was .... in an extremely becoming trouser suit. 13. The curtains don’t ... the paint. 14. Mary’s blue dress ... her eyes. Exercise 6. Translate into English paying attention to the words ãàðìîíèðîâàòü, áûòü â òîí, èäòè, õîðîøî ñèäåòü, óñòðàèâàòü. 1. Îíà èñêàëà øëÿïó â òîí ñâîåìó ñâåòëî-êîðè÷íåâîìó ïàëüòî. 2. Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, âàì íå èäåò ýòîò öâåò. 3. Æàêåò íå î÷åíü õîðîøî ñèäèò íà òåáå, îí óçîê â ïëå÷àõ. 4. Ïîêðîé ýòîãî ïëàòüÿ åé î÷åíü èäåò. 5. Êàêîãî öâåòà øàðô òû ìíå ïîñîâåòóåøü êóïèòü, ÷òîáû îí ãàðìîíèðîâàë ñ ìîèì òåìíî-ñèíèì ïàëüòî? 6. Îíà âñåãäà îäåòà â ÷åðíîå. 7. Åé î÷åíü èäóò øëÿïû ñ áîëüøèìè ïîëÿìè. 8. Ýòîò öâåò ìíå èäåò, íî ñèäèò ýòî ïëàòüå íà ìíå î÷åíü ïëîõî. 9. Ìåíÿ íå óñòðàèâàåò öåíà ýòèõ òóôåëü. Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs wherever necessary. 1. ... the jewellery department they sell beautiful rings and bracelets. 2. May I try this dress ...? I don’t think it fits me perfectly: it is too tight ... the hi ps. 3. This hat won’t go ... your coat and besides its colour is too bright ... you. 4. Have you got these woollen dresses ... dark-green? 5. What size do you take ... gloves? 6. What does the hosiery department deal ...? 7. Dresses made ... measure fit one better than ready-made dresses. 8. What colours are ... fashion this season? 9. At last I’ve decided ... a light-blue sleeveless dress. Exercise 8. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Ìîäà ñèëüíî èçìåíèëàñü. 2. ß ïîìîã åé íàäåòü ïàëüòî. 3. Áîþñü, ÷òî ó íàñ êîí÷èëñÿ áåíçèí. 4. Âû ïðîïóñòèëè ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ïîýòîìó âàì ïðèäåòñÿ ïîäîæäàòü. 5. Îí ñïðîñèë ïî î÷åðåäè êàæäîãî èç íàñ. 6. Ñåé÷àñ òâîÿ î÷åðåäü ìûòü ïîñóäó. 7. Ìàëü÷èêè ðàçðåçàëè ïèðîã ïîïîëàì, è êàæäûé ñúåëè ïî ïîëîâèíå. 8. Ìíå íå íðàâèòñÿ ïîêðîé ýòîãî ïëàòüÿ. 9. ß êóïèë ýòè áóëî÷êè â áóëî÷íîé íà óãëó. 10. Åå ïèñüìåííàÿ ðàáîòà — îáðàçåö òùàòåëüíîñòè è àêêóðàòíîñòè. 11. Ïðîñòèòå, ãäå îòäåë ãîòîâîãî ïëàòüÿ? — Íà — 64 —

âòîðîì ýòàæå, íàïðîòèâ îòäåëà ãàëàíòåðåè. — Ñïàñèáî. — ×òî áû âû õîòåëè? — Ïîêàæèòå ìíå âîí òî ñâåòëî-ñåðîå øåðñòÿíîå ïëàòüå, ïîæàëóéñòà. — Êàêîé ðàçìåð âû íîñèòå? — 46. Ìîæíî åãî ïðèìåðèòü? — Êîíå÷íî. Ïðèìåðî÷íàÿ íàïðàâî. — Âàì íå êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî îíî íåìíîãî âåëèêî? — Äà, ïîæàëóé. Ïðèìåðüòå 44 ðàçìåð. — Íåò, áîþñü, áóäåò óçêî. À ÷òî åùå ó âàñ åñòü â ñåðûõ òîíàõ? — Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, âàì ïîäîéäåò âîò ýòî ïëàòüå ñ áîëüøèì âîðîòíèêîì è êàðìàíàìè. — Äà, ýòî ìîé ñòèëü. Ñèäèò ïðåêðàñíî. Ñêîëüêî îíî ñòîèò? — ... ðóáëåé. — Ýòî ÷èñòàÿ øåðñòü? — Äà. — Çàâåðíèòå, ïîæàëóéñòà. ß åãî áåðó. 12. ×åì ÿ ìîãó âàì ïîìî÷ü? — Ìíå íóæíû âå÷åðíèå òóôëè íà âûñîêîì êàáëóêå. — Êàêîé ðàçìåð âû íîñèòå? — Ïðèìåðüòå âîò ýòè ÷åðíûå ëàêîâûå òóôëè. — Áîþñü, ÷òî ëåâàÿ òóôëÿ ìíå íåìíîãî æìåò. — À âîò ýòè? — Ó íèõ ñëèøêîì âûñîêèé êàáëóê. — Íî âåäü âû õîòåëè âå÷åðíèå òóôëè? — Äà, êîíå÷íî, íî êàáëóê ñëèøêîì âûñîê äëÿ ìåíÿ. — Ìîæåò áûòü, âû ïðèìåðèòå âîò ýòè òåìíî-êðàñíûå êîæàíûå òóôëè? — Î, êàêîé ïðåêðàñíûé öâåò! ß äóìàþ, îíè ïîäîéäóò ê ìîåìó âå÷åðíåìó ïëàòüþ. Ñèäÿò íà íîãå âåëèêîëåïíî. Ñêîëüêî îíè ñòîÿò? — ... ðóáëåé. — Ãäå êàññà? —  êîíöå îòäåëà íàïðàâî. 13. Ìèøà, òû ïîìíèøü, ÷òî ñêîðî Íîâûé ãîä? Ïîðà ïîäóìàòü î íîâîãîäíèõ ïîäàðêàõ. — Äàâàé ñîñòàâèì ñïèñîê ðîäíûõ è äðóçåé, êîìó ìû äîëæíû ñäåëàòü ïîäàðêè. Íà÷íåì ñ äåòåé. — ß äóìàþ, Ïåòå íóæíî ïîäàðèòü èãðóøå÷íûé êîñìè÷åñêèé êîðàáëü. Îí áðåäèò êîñìè÷åñêèìè ïóòåøåñòâèÿìè. — Î÷åíü õîðîøàÿ ìûñëü. À Êàòå? — Äëÿ êóêîë îíà óæå ñëèøêîì áîëüøàÿ. Ìîæåò áûòü êíèãó? Îíà î÷åíü ëþáèò ÷èòàòü êíèãè î æèâîòíûõ. — Ïîñòàðàéñÿ íàéòè ÷òî-íèáóäü èíòåðåñíîå ñ êðàñèâûìè êàðòèíêàìè. — Ñ äåòüìè âñå ÿñíî. À ÷òî ìû ïîäàðèì òâîåé ìàìå? — Åé íóæíà íîâàÿ ñóìêà. Ñòàðàÿ ñóìêà ïðîñòî óæàñíà. Â÷åðà íà âèòðèíå ÿ âèäåëà ïðåêðàñíûå ñóìêè è íå î÷åíü äîðîãèå. — À äåäóøêå? — ß äóìàþ, îí áóäåò ñ÷àñòëèâ, åñëè ìû ïîäàðèì åìó íàáîð ïëàñòèíîê. — Ïðåêðàñíî. À ÷åãî áû òû õîòåëà, äîðîãàÿ? — ß, ïðàâî, íå çíàþ... È ïîòîì, ÿ õî÷ó, ÷òîáû ýòî áûë ñþðïðèç. Ïîëàãàþñü íà òâîé âêóñ. III. Read and translate the dialogues Shopping. Act them out. AT

THE

FOOTWEAR DEPARTMENT

Shop-girl: What can I do for you, madam? Customer: I’d like a pair of strong walking shoes for everyday wear. Shop-girl: What size do you take in shoes? — 65 —

Customer: My size is 37. Shop-girl: Will you try on these brown shoes, please? Customer: Don’t you think that the heels are a bit too high for everyday wear? Shop-girl: Oh, no, such heels are all the fashion now. But you can try on another pair. Here is a pair of nice flat-heeled shoes. Do they pinch? Customer: I like them much better than those ones. Will you give me a shoe for the left foot, please? It’s a perfect fit. How much are they? Shop-girl: ... roubles. Customer: Will you wrap them up, please? Where is the cash-desk? Shop-girl: It’s at the end of the department. Thank you. Customer: Thank you. Good-bye. AT

THE

READY-MADE CLOTHES DEPARTMENT

Customer: I’d like a summer frock. Shop-girl: Certainly. What size? Customer: 46. I’m stock size. Shop-girl: The dresses on that rail are all size 46. Look at them and you may find something to you taste. Customer: May I try on this cotton dress? Does it fit me? Shop-girl: It fits you perfectly but I don’t think the colour becomes you. It’s too dark. Customer: Have you got anything a shade lighter? Shop-girl: I’m afraid, we haven’t. Would you mind trying on this light-blue? Customer: But it’s not genuine silk. It’s too hot for summer wear. Shop-girl: Will you drop in in a couple of days? We are expecting most of our summer stock at the end of the week. Customer: Yes, of course. Thank you. Good-bye. Shop-girl: Thank you. Have a nice day. BUYING

A HAT

Mr. Wimble: I want a hat, please. Shopkeeper: What size, sir? Do you know? Mr. Wimble: No, I don’t know the size. Shopkeeper: Put this hat on, please. Ah, that’s too large, isn’t it? That’s size seven and a half. Here’s a size seven. — 66 —

Mr. Wimble: Too small. Have you got a seven and a quarter? Shopkeeper: Here is a seven and quarter. Mr. Wimble: This is the right size. But I don’t like the colour. Have you got a grey hat the same size as this? Shopkeeper: Here you are, sir. A grey hat, size seven and a quarter. (A.S. Hornby. Oxford Progressive English for Adult Learners.) Exercise 1. Answer the following questions. 1. What do we call a large shop where customers serve themselves with food and other goods needed in the home? 2. Why do you think goods usually cost less in supermarkets than they do in smaller shops? 3. What do we call a group of shops of different kinds built together in one area? 4. What can one buy at the footwear department? 5. What size do you take in shoes? 6. What are the best shoes for everyday wear in your opinion? 7. Do you often wear high heels? 8. When do women wear sandals? 9. What are your evening shoes like? 10. What are shoes made of? 11. When do you wear high boots? 12. Do you always try shoes on before buying them? 13. What shoes are in fashion now? 14. Do you buy readymade clothes or have them made to measure? Why? 15. Can you afford expensive clothes? 16. Do you wear small articles (such as hats, gloves, stockings, handbags) to match your dress (coat, shoes)? 17. What do you usually buy at the stationery? 18. Do you use make up? 19. They sell hats, caps, fur caps for ladies at the millinery, don’t they? What hats are in fashion now? Are knitted caps in fashion? Can you knit? How much wool does it take to knit a small cap? 20. What did you buy for your friend as a birthday present? 21. What do they sell at the knitted goods department? 22. What is your favourite department? 23. Do you like doing the window-shopping? 24. Where do we buy meat? What sorts of meat do you know? Do you like fat or lean meat? 25. Where do you go to buy fish? Can you buy smoked fish or herring there? 26. Where do we buy bread? Can we buy buns and rolls at the baker’s as well? 27. Where do you go to buy fruit and vegetables? 28. Where do you buy sweets and chocolates? 29. Where do you go to buy onions? 30. What are dairy products? 31. Where do you go if you want to buy some flour? What other goods does this kind of shop sell? 32. Are corduroy trousers in fashion now? 33. Which dress wears better a cotton or silk one? 34. Where do you — 67 —

prefer to buy food in supermarket or small shops? Who usually does the shopping in your family?

LESSON 19 I. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. I don’t like him but he has a lot of problems. I can’t help feeling sorry for him. 2. She tried to be serious but she couldn’t stop laughing. 3. I like looking at clouds. 4. I’m very fond of walking in the mountains. 5. I spent the whole summer lying on the beach. 6. Stop wasting time watching TV and get on with your work. 7. I spent the weekend cleaning the house. 8. They were looking forward to going on holiday. 9. I look forward to seeing you at the party. 10. I am not very good at learning languages. 11. I ran ten kilometres without stopping. 12. You can improve your English by reading more. 13. He left the hotel without paying his bill. 14. She said she couldn’t see me. She was busy doing other things. 15. «What’s Carol doing?» — «She’s busy writing letters». 16. There’s a beautiful view from that hill. It’s worth walking to the top. 17. I enjoy listening to music. 18. They didn’t mind waiting a few minutes. 19. Would you mind turning the radio down? Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using a gerund. Model: Don’t discuss it. It’s not worth discussing. 1. I advise you to read this book. The book is worth... 2. Go and see this film. The film is worth... 3. It doesn’t make any sense to wait for him. It isn’t worth ... 4. The food isn’t fresh. The food isn’t worth... 5. Don’t wait for him. He won’t come. It isn’t worth ... . 6. «How did you like his singing?» — «I enjoyed..!». 7. «Would you like to walk a bit» — «No, it’s raining. I hate...». 8. «Did you laugh at it?» — «We couldn’t help...». 9. «The salad is delicious, who made it? Jane?» — «Yes, she is good at...». 10. «What did Howard say to joining them?» — «He didn’t like the idea of...». 11. «Did he say anything before leaving?» — «He left without...». — 68 —

II. Exercise 1. Paraphrase the words in italics using care, careless, careful. 1. I don’t really like wine. 2. Who will look after you when you’re old? 3. Would you like a drink? 4. She spends too much money. 5. Try to do your work with a bit more serious attention and effort. 6. He’s an inattentive driver: he never thinks about what he’s doing. Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with one suitable word raise — rise 1. The price of fruit and vegetables are not likely ... during the summer. 2. He ... the rifle to his shoulder and pulled the trigger. 3. Biatnics ... clumsily from the table, shaking the cups and saucers. 4. If you agree with my suggestion ... your hands. 5. The quarrel ... from a mere trifle. Exercise 3. Translate the sentences from English into Russian and get ready for back translation. 1. He asked her to marry him and she accepted the offer. 2. Did she accept your reason for being late? 3. For a long time she couldn’t accept the fact of her husband death. 4. It is generally accepted that smoking causes bad health. 5. There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 6. I doubt his honesty. 7. I doubt that she will get the job. 8. I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth. 9. I’ve no doubt who did it. 10. It was without doubt the most successful film of the year. 11. No doubt he was just trying to help. 12. He’s quite sure that the business will do well, but I still have my doubts about it. 13. The whole matter is still in doubt. 14. No doubt you’ll be at the party to night. 15. The news of her arrival excited the crowd. 16. She’s very excited about getting a part in the results of the experiments. 17. The excited children were opening their Christmas presents. 18. Their new record is nothing to get excited about. 19. Life will seem very quiet, after the excitements of our holiday. 20. I’ll call for you at 9 o’clock. 21. We can call on Mary tomorrow. 22. She refused his offer. 23. I told him to come back but he refused to. 24. We were refused permission to enter. 25. The voices rose higher and higher with excitement. 26. The price of bread has risen by 15%. 27. He rose from his knees. 28. She rose to greet her guests. 29. It was careless of you to lose the documents. 30. He raised the lid of the — 69 —

box. 31. She raised her finger to her li ps as a sign of silence. 32. His long absence raised doubts about his safety. 33. The builders raised the ceiling by 6 inches. 34. The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert. 35. We all applauded the authorities’ decision not to close the hospital. Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Êòî ïðèñìîòðèò çà ðåáåíêîì? 2. Î òåáå õîðîøî çàáîòÿòñÿ? 3. ß ìîãó ïîçàáîòèòüñÿ î ñåáå, åñëè ýòî íåîáõîäèìî. 4. Äåòèèíâàëèäû (disabled) íóæäàþòñÿ â îñîáîì óõîäå. 5. Åäèíñòâåííîå, ÷òî åå çàáîòèò, ýòî äåíüãè. 6. Ýòî íåáðåæíàÿ ðàáîòà! Ïåðåäåëàéòå! 7. Áóäü îñòîðîæåí! Íå óðîíè ñòàêàí! 8. Êòî ïðèñìîòðèò çà âàøåé ñîáàêîé, ïîêà âû â îòúåçäå? 9. Ïåðåõîäè óëèöó îñòîðîæíî. 10. ß íå ñîâñåì ëþáëþ ÷àé, ìíå áîëüøå íðàâèòñÿ êîôå. 11. Íåò íèêàêèõ ñîìíåíèé, ÷òî îí âèíîâåí. 12. Îí ïðîñèë åå âûéòè çà íåãî çàìóæ, íî îíà îòêàçàëàñü. 13. ß îòêàçûâàþñü îòâå÷àòü íà ýòîò âîïðîñ. 14. Öåíû íà áåíçèí âûðîñëè íà 10 %. 15. Ýòî ñàìûé âàæíûé ïðîåêò íàøåé êîìïàíèè. 16. Îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî çàõîäèë êî ìíå â÷åðà, íî ìåíÿ íå áûëî äîìà. 17. ß ñîìíåâàþñü, ÷òî îíà ïîëó÷èò ýòó ðàáîòó. Ó íåå íåäîñòàòî÷íî îïûòà. 18. Åãî íå ñòîèò æäàòü. 19. Ýòî òàêàÿ íåçíà÷èòåëüíàÿ (minor) äåòàëü, ÷òî âðÿä ëè åå ñòîèò óïîìèíàòü. III. Read and translate the dialogues. MUSICAL

TALENT

Anne: Listen! Somebody is playing the piano. Betty: Yes, it sounds nice, isn’t it? I wish I could play a musical instrument. Anne: Don’t you play the violin? Betty: No, but my sister does. Actually, she is pretty good at it. Anne: I took piano lessons for a couple of years, but I never learned to play very well. I guess I don’t have any musical talent. Betty: Oh, that’s not true. You sing very well. I can’t even do that. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue: 1. Who hears somebody playing the piano? 2. Does it sound nice? 3. In what words does Betty say that she is sorry she can’t play — 70 —

a musical instrument? 4. Who can play the violin, Betty or her sister? 5. Is Betty’s sister good at playing the violin? 6. How long did Anne take piano lessons? 7. Did she learn to play it well? Why not? 8. Did she really have no musical talent? Exercise 2. Make up your own sentences; follow the model and use the key-words. Model: Helen/play the piano Helen is pretty good at playing the piano. Nina/sing folk songs, Bob/play football, Alec/imitate people’s voices, Jane/recite lyrical poems, Ann/make fancy dresses, Mary/ play tennis, John/do crosswords. Exercise 3. Acting the scene. Characters: Helen and Jane; they hear Jane’s brother playing the violin. Use the following expressions. I wish I could play ..., to know music very well, to be pretty good at playing the violin, to take violin lessons, to get ready for a violin recital, but I never learned to ... WHAT

PERFORMANCE WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE?

Mary and Peter are going to the theatre tonight. They are discussing what performance to see. Mary: Are we going anywhere tonight? I think we could go to the theatre. Peter: That would be lovely. What about a musical? Mary: Oh, no! I don’t feel like it today. I’d like to see Laurence Harvey at the Aldwich. I saw him play superbly in The Twelfth Night last year. Peter: All right. I’ll try to book two seats. AT Peter: Clerk: Peter: Clerk: Peter: Clerk:

THE BOX-OFFICE

Have you got two seats for tonight’s performance? The first or second performance? We usually prefer the second. I’ve got a few stalls and two circle seats. How much are the seats in the circle? Two pounds each. I’ll show you where they are on the — 71 —

plan. Here they are in the middle of the seventh row. Peter: I’ll take those. What time does the second performance begin? Clerk: Eight-fifteen, sir. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogue. 1. What are Mary and Peter’s plans for tonight? 2. Who suggests going to the theatre? 3. What does Peter suggest? 4. He is fond of musicals, isn’t he? Are you? 5. Why doesn’t Mary want to see a musical? 6. What theatre does she want to go to? 7. What particular actor does she want to see? Why? 8. Who goes to buy tickets? 9. Which performance does Peter want two seats for? 10. What seats does the clerk offer him? 11. Which of them does Peter choose? 12. How much are the seats in the circle in the Aldwich? Exercise 2. Acting the scene. You are discussing which play (ballet) to see. Use the expressions: Are we going anywhere tonight? I wish you could get tickets for ... ; that would be lovely; I’d like to ... ; he plays (dances) superbly; I don’t feel like ... Exercise 3. In about 100—150 words write a favourable or unfavourable review of a play (concert, ballet, opera, etc.) which you have been to. You may include information about the following. What the show was, when and where it took place, whether there were many people there; who played the leading parts; what the performance was like; things you liked or didn’t like; how you rated the performance.

LESSON 20 I. Exercise 1. Make up short dialogues as in the models. Model 1: How long have you known each other? We have known each other for two years. How long have you been ill? I have been ill since Tuesday. — 72 —

Prompts: be a teacher — for five years, own this car — for three years, be interested in computer technology — for a long time, have a headache — since morning, be here — since afternoon, like jazz — since I was a teenager. Model 2: How long have you been waiting? I have been waiting for two hours. Prompts: translate this article — an hour and a half, play tennis — an hour, learn English — a year, live in this house — a month, type letters — half an hour, clean the flat — all day, iron clothes — all morning, talk on the phone — all evening, look for keys — two hours, play the piano — five years. Exercise 2. Make up dialogues as in the model. Model: What are your neighbours doing? They’re arguing. Have they been arguing for a long time? Yes, they have. They have been arguing all day (all morning, all afternoon, all evening) Prompts: Laura — wait for the bus, Mr. Williams — plant flowers, Dr. Anderson — see patients, Mary — bake cakes, Ricky — talk to his girl-friend, John — write letters, Jack — study English, Mrs. Smith — wash the windows. Exercise 3. Make up dialogues as in the model. Model: What’s Bill doing at the moment? (read a book). He’s reading a book. How long has he been reading it? (for five hours). He has been reading it for five hours. Prompts: 1. What’s Susan doing? (wait for Kate — since five o’clock). 2. What are they doing ay the moment? (dance — for three hours). 3. What’s your father doing at the moment? (watch television — seven o’clock). 4. What are you doing at the moment? (iron clothes — since morning). 5. What is she doing at the moment? (play the piano — since afternoon). 6. What’s your mother doing at the moment? (have a rest — since lunch).

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Exercise 4. Answer the questions in the Present Perfect Continuous tense. Model: Why are you so dirty? (plant flowers in the garden) Because I have been planting flowers in the garden. 1. Why are her eyes red? (cry). 2. Why are you so angry? (quarell with Maxim). 3. Why is his mouth blue? (eat blueberries). 4. Why is Edna’s coat wet? (walk in the rain). 5. Why is the ground wet? (rain). 6. Why do you know nothing about Helen’s marriage? (travel). 7. Why is he out of breath? (run). 8. Why is his skin red? (sit in the sun). Exercise 5. Fill in each gap with one suitable word. a) We haven’t met ... the wedding. A lot has happened to me ... I last wrote you. I haven’t seen Eva ... ages. He has been with the company ... forty years (for; since). b) The accident happened ten years ... . I know this place — I’m sure I’ve been here ... but I can’t remember when. I won’t have a coffee thanks — I’ve had one ... I don’t know the answer ... I’ll let you know as soon as I can . Have you finished having a shower ...? Do you ... need a visa to travel to Hungary? I have been waiting ... a whole hour (already, ago, still, before, yet). II. Exercise 1. Translate the sentences and get ready for back translation. 1. His next film was a tremendous success. 2. The operation had been completed successfully. 3. He is a very successful writer. 4. He laughed as if the idea amused him. 5. There was an amusing story in the paper. 6. What does he look like? «Pale, thin, dark-haired». 7. You don’t take after your sister. 8. The police haven’t got enough information to catch the criminal. 9. I read the newspapers to keep myself informed about what is happening. 10. She regrets that she can’t come. 11. We regret to inform you that you owe the bank $ 1000. 12. We’ve always regretted selling the farm. 13. The teacher feels that her students don’t respect her. 14. I had the chance of visiting Paris. 15. She boasts that her car is faster than mine. 16. He boasted of / about the big fish he had caught. 17. He’s only boasting. 18. This little village boasts three shops. 19. The children amused themselves by playing games. 20. He made a fortune in oil. 21. You’ve been working — 74 —

all morning and you deserve a rest. 22. She deserved to win. 23. When his wife died he was very lonely. 24. She lived in a lonely house in the country. 25. They quarreled once, but they are quite friendly with each other now. 26. She looks much prettier with long hair than with short hair. 27. Mary takes after her mother, she’s always cheerful. 28. Later on, I regretted my decision not to take the job. Exercise 2. Translate into English. 1.  êîãî îí ïîøåë? 2. Íà êîãî ïîõîæ âàø ñûí? 3. Îí ïîøåë â ñâîåãî äåäà. 4. Îí õâàñòàëñÿ, ÷òî îí ñàìûé ñèëüíûé ÷åëîâåê â äåðåâíå. 5. Îí ïîõîæ íà ìîåãî áðàòà. 6. Ó íåãî äîáðîäóøíàÿ óëûáêà. 7. Îí ñàìûé äîáðîäóøíûé ÷åëîâåê èç âñåõ, êîãî ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî âñòðå÷àë. 8. Îí âñåãî ëèøü õâàñòàåòñÿ. 9. Ñ òåõ ïîð êàê ÿ åå âèäåë ïîñëåäíèé ðàç, îíà ñèëüíî ïîõóäåëà. 10. Åãî øóòêè ïîçàáàâèëè íàñ. 11. Ïîçæå ÿ ïîæàëåë î ñâîåì ðåøåíèè íå ñîãëàøàòüñÿ (take) íà ýòó ðàáîòó. 12. Íå ãîâîðè ïîëèöèè îá ýòîì, èëè òû ïîæàëååøü! 13. Ìíå íå ñîîáùèëè î ðåøåíèè. 14. ß ñîîáùèë åìó, ÷òî íå ñìîãó ïðèéòè (attend) íà ñîáðàíèå. 15. ß óâàæàþ åå ñìåëîñòü. 16. Åãî î÷åíü óâàæàþò êîëëåãè. 17. Îí âñåãäà õâàñòàåòñÿ òåì, êàêèå ó íåãî óìíûå äåòè. 18. Îí õâàñòàëñÿ, ÷òî ìîæåò áåãëî ðàçãîâàðèâàòü íà øåñòè ÿçûêàõ. 19. Áîþñü, ÷òî ýòî áûëî íå ñëèøêîì óäà÷íîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå. 20. Åãî íîâàÿ êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëüøèì óñïåõîì. 21. Åãî øóòêè ïîçàáàâèëè äåòåé. 22. Ýòà êíèãà ñîäåðæèò (gives) ìíîãî ïîëåçíîé èíôîðìàöèè î òîì, êàê ðåìîíòèðîâàòü ìàøèíû. 23. Îíà ñîæàëååò, ÷òî íå ìîæåò ïðèéòè. III. Read and translate the dialogues. Learn them by heart:

a) Alice: I say Mike. I’ve just had a telegram from Mary. She’s coming with the 5.30 train. And I have a meeting at five. Will you do me a favour and meet her at the station? Mike: I’ve never seen her, how could I possibly recognise her? Alice: Oh, it’s quite easy, she’s just like her mother. Mike: Most helpful I’m sure, but the trouble is I’ve never seen her mother either. Alice: I’m sorry, I forgot. And I’m afraid I haven’t any photos of her. — 75 —

Mike: Try to describe her. What does she look like? Alice: A tall slim girl of 18 with an oval face. Mike: Complexion? Alice: Rather pale. Mike: Hair? Alice: She’s fair-haired with light grey eyes. She has a small straight nose and a pleasant smile. Mike: I’m sure there’ll be at least a dozen girls like that at the station. Alice: Oh, I’d clean forgotten! She’s a dimple on her left cheek! Mike: That’ll help me for sure. Go to your meeting, I promise to be on the platform at 5 sharp in search of a slim girl with a dimple on her left cheek. b) Grace: Why don’t you dance with Henry? Beatrice: Because we make such a funny pair; he’s short and broad and stocky, and I’m tall and thin. Grace: Nonsense, my dear. He isn’t short, only medium height, and he dances perfectly, I can tell you. Beatrice: I know he does. But I prefer dancing with Billy. For all his long legs and lean figure Billy’s a very good dancer, isn’t he? Grace: Yes, he is, and I like his face. It may be ugly, but there’s something awfully nice about it. Beatrice: But he isn’t ugly at all, especially when he smiles and shows those perfect teeth of his. Grace: Still, Henry’s decidedly handsome, which Bill is not. Beatrice: But there’s something unkind in the look of his grey eyes. I always feel uncomfortable when he looks at me. Exercise 1. Answer the questions on the dialogues. 1. Who has Alice just had a telegram from? 2. Does Alice have any plans for 5 o’clock? 3. Whom does she ask to meet Mary at the station? 4. Has Mike seen Mary before? 5. Who does Mary look like? 6. Does Alice have any photos of Mary? 7. What does Mary look like?

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Exercise 2. Your younger sister/brother is going to visit relatives. Your relatives haven’t met him/her before. Write telling them about his/her travel arrangements and explaining how they should recognise him/her. Exercise 3. Write some sentences to describe each of these persons, giving information about their hair and face, their height and build and general appearance. 1) you yourself; 2) your best friend; 3) a neighbour; 4) your ideal of a handsome man/a beautiful woman. In the same way, describe somebody very famous, give some extra clues about them, e.g. pop star/politician, and see if someone can guess who you are describing.

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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ 1. Ïðàêòè÷åñêèé êóðñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. I êóðñ / Ïîä ðåä. Â.Ä. Àðàêèíà. Ì.: Ãóìàíèòàðíûé èçäàòåëüñêèé öåíòð ÂËÀÄÎÑ, 1997. 2. Áîíê Í.À., Êîòèé Ã.À., Ëóêüÿíîâà Í.À. Ó÷åáíèê àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà:  2 ÷. Ì.: Êðîí-Ïðåññ, 1992. 3. Èíîçåìöåâà Â.À., Ñàòòîí Äæ. Íà÷àëüíûé êóðñ àíãëèéñêîãî ðàçãîâîðíîãî ÿçûêà. Ì.: Âûñø. øê., 1989. 4. Ìàòþøêèíà-Ãåðêå Ò.È., Áàëàøîâà Ñ.Ï., Áðîññå Í.Í., Èâàíîâà Ë.Ë., Êóçüìè÷åâà Ò.Í., ×àõîÿí Ë.Ï. A Course in English. First Year. Ì: Âûñø. øê., 1990. 5. Ìàòþøêèíà-Ãåðêå Ò.È., Êóçüìè÷åâà Ò.Í., Èâàíîâà Ë.Ë. Ïîñîáèå äëÿ àóäèðîâàíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ íàâûêîâ óñòíîé ðå÷è ê ó÷åáíèêó àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ I êóðñà ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôàêóëüòåòîâ. Ì.: ÃÈÑ, 1999. 6. Ëàáîðàòîðíûå ðàáîòû ïî ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ãðàììàòèêå ê ó÷åáíèêó àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ I êóðñà ôèëîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôàêóëüòåòîâ. Ì.: ÃÈÑ, 1998. 7. Àðáåêîâà Ò.È., Âëàñîâà Í.Í., Ìàêàðîâà Ã.À. ß õî÷ó è áóäó çíàòü àíãëèéñêèé. Ì.: ÈíÊÀ-ÒÅËÅÐ, 1993. 8. Murphy R. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge, 1988. 9. Hornby A.S. Oxford Student’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press, 1984. 10. Collins Cobuild. Essential English Dictionary. Collins, London & Glasgo, 1989. 11. Dictionary of English language and culture. Addison Wesley Longman. 1998.

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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ ......................................................................... 3 LESSON 1—3 ............................................................................... 4 LESSON 4 .................................................................................... 5 LESSON 5 .................................................................................... 6 LESSON 6 .................................................................................... 9 LESSON 7 .................................................................................. 11 LESSON 8 .................................................................................. 14 LESSON 9 .................................................................................. 17 LESSON 10 ................................................................................. 19 LESSON 11 ................................................................................. 23 LESSON 12 ................................................................................. 29 LESSON 13 ................................................................................. 33 LESSON 14 ................................................................................. 39 LESSON 15 ................................................................................. 45 LESSON 16 ................................................................................. 50 LESSON 17 ................................................................................. 55 LESSON 18 ................................................................................. 61 LESSON 19 ................................................................................. 68 LESSON 20 ................................................................................. 72 ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ ................ 78

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Ó÷åáíîå èçäàíèå

КОЧЕТОВА Лариса Анатольевна

STEP BY STEP Ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå Ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð À.Â. Øåñòàêîâà Ðåäàêòîð Ñ.À. Àñòàõîâà Òåõíè÷åñêèé ðåäàêòîð Å.À. Ìàëü÷åíêî Õóäîæíèê Í.Í. Çàõàðîâà

Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 24.03 2003 ã. Ôîðìàò 60½84/16. Áóìàãà îôñåòíàÿ. Ãàðíèòóðà Òàéìñ. Óñë. ïå÷. ë. 4,6. Ó÷.-èçä. ë. 5,0. Òèðàæ 100 ýêç. Çàêàç . «Ñ» . Èçäàòåëüñòâî Âîëãîãðàäñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. 400062, Âîëãîãðàä, óë. 2-ÿ Ïðîäîëüíàÿ, 30. — 80 —