The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Vol. 4: Calendrical and Sapiential Texts

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader

PART 4

c alendric al and sapiential te xts Edited by Donald W. Parry & Emanuel Tov

BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004

Printed on acid-free paper Cover Art: Lika Tov, Jerusalem (‘Pastorale’[based on 4Q394 1-2]) Cover Design: Coördesign, Leiden Transcriptions and translations published in the series Discoveries in the Judean Desert are reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press and/or the individual editors. New transcriptions and translations prepared by M.G. Abegg, Jr., J. Bowley, and E. Cook are reproduced by permission of the authors. Translations published in M. Wise, M.G. Abegg, Jr., E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996) are reproduced by permission of the authors. Transcriptions and translations from Y. Yadin, The Temple Scroll (Jerusalem 1983) are reproduced by permission of the Israel Exploration Society. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data LC Control Number 2003062757 ISBN Part 4: 90 04 12651 1 ISBN Set: 90 04 13578 2 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Printed in The Netherlands

CONTENTS (For the contents of the complete volume see the back of this part.) GENERAL INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO PART 4

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I. CALENDRICAL TEXTS A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT (TEMPLE WATCHES) 1. LISTS OF MISHMAROT

4QOtot (4Q319) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QcryptA Mishmarot J (4Q324i) (Abegg; WAC)

2 14

2. TIMES OF SERVICE

Days 4QMishmarot A (4Q322) (DJD XXI, 2001) Days and Festivals 4QMishmarot C (4Q324) (DJD XXI, 2001) Days, Sabbaths, and Festivals 4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot D (4Q325) (DJD XXI, 2001) Festivals 4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A (4Q320) 4 ii–vi (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QMishmarot H (4Q329a) (DJD XXI, 2001)

16 16 18 20 24

3. BEGINNINGS OF CALENDRICAL UNITS

Years 4QMishmarot I (4Q330) (DJD XXI, 2001) Quarter-Years 4QMishmarot F (4Q328) (DJD XXI, 2001) Months 4QMishmarot B (4Q323) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QMishmarot D (4Q324a) (DJD XXI, 2001)

24 26 26 26

4. LIST OF MONTHS AND DAYS CONNECTED WITH MISHMAROT

4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A (4Q320) 3 ii–4 i (DJD XXI, 2001)

28

5. EQUATION TABLES

4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A (4Q320) 1 + 2 (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot C (4Q321a) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QMishmarot E (4Q324c) (DJD XXI, 2001)

30 32 38

6. LIST OF MISHMAROT COMBINING DIFFERENT CATEGORIES

4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot B (4Q321) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QMishmarot G (4Q329) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QcryptA Lit. Cal.c? (4Q324f) (Abegg; cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pl. LXI)

40 50 52

4QcryptA Cal. Doc. F? (4Q324g) (Abegg; cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pl. LXII) 4QcryptA Cal. Doc. G? (4Q324h) (Abegg; cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pl. LXII)

52 52

B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT 1. TABLES OF FESTIVALS AND SABBATHS

4QcryptA Lit. Cal.a–b (4Q324d–e) (Abegg; cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pls. LIX–LXI) 4QCal. Doc. C (4Q326) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QCal. Doc. D (4Q394 1–2) (DJD XXI, 2001)

54 56 56

2. VARIOUS CALENDRICAL TEXTS

4QcryptA Lunisolar Calendar (4Q317) (Abegg; WAC; cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pls. LII–LVIII) 4QOrdo (4Q334) (DJD XXI, 2001)

58 72

C. CALENDRICAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION 4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A (4Q320) 3 i + 6–9 (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QpapCal. Doc. A? (4Q324b) (DJD XXI, 2001) 4QCal. Doc. E? (4Q337) (DJD XXI, 2001) 6QpapCalendrical Document (6Q17) (DJD III, 1962; WAC with Gordon)

76 78 78 78

II. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS Instruction (Mûs r lêM vîn) 1QInstruction (1Q26) ([re-edition] DJD XXXIV, 1999) 4QInstructiona–e (4Q415–418, 418a) (DJD XXXIV, 1999) 4QInstructionf? (4Q418c) (DJD XXXIV, 1999) 4QInstructiong (4Q423) (DJD XXXIV, 1999) Book of Mysteries 1QMyst (1Q27) (DJD I, 1955; WAC with Gordon) 4QMysta–b (4Q299–300) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QMystc? (4Q301) (DJD XX, 1997) Ben Sira 2QSir (2Q18) (DJD III, 1962; Gordon) Other Sapiential Instructions 4QSapiential-Didactic Work A (4Q412) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QSapiential-Hymnic Work A (4Q426) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QBeatitudes (4Q525) (DJD XXV, 1998; WAC with Gordon)

82 84 188 190 198 202 236 240 240 242 246

B. COLLECTION OF PROVERBS 4QInstruction-like Composition B (4Q424) (DJD XXXVI,2000)

266

C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES Treatise of the Two Spirits 1QS(erekh) III 13–IV 26 (Abegg; WAC) Other Didactic Speeches 4QSapiential Work (4Q185) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QcryptA Words of the Maskil to All Sons of Dawn (4Q298) (DJD XX, 1997)

270 274 278

D. SAPIENTIAL POETIC TEXT 4QSapiential Hymn (4Q411) (DJD XX, 1997)

282

E. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER CLASSIFICATION 4QWiles of the Wicked Woman (4Q184) (DJD V, 1968; Allegro with Gordon) 4QpapAdmonitory Parable (4Q302) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QMeditation on Creation A (4Q303) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QMeditation on Creation C (4Q305) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QComposition Concerning Divine Providence (4Q413) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QSapiential-Didactic Work B (4Q425) (DJD XX, 1997) 4QThe Two Ways (4Q473) (DJD XXII, 1996)

GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

284 286 294 294 294 296 298

I

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader (DSSR) presents for the first time all the nonbiblical Qumran texts classified according to their genres, together with translations, in six separate parts.1 Some twenty previously unpublished texts are included in this edition (see notes 10–11). The purpose of DSSR is to enhance the research facilities of the individual texts within their respective genres. The nature of the Dead Sea Scrolls publication project was such that texts belonging to the same literary genre were published in different volumes in the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJD) series, although those from cave 4 were often published by subject. The dispersion of these texts in several different volumes complicated their analysis, a problem that is now overcome in DSSR. The great majority of the Hebrew and Aramaic texts included in this edition represent the content of the FARMS database of the Institute for the Study and Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts, Brigham Young University. This database is based on the totality of the non-biblical texts included in DJD, supplemented by a sizeable number of previously published and unpublished texts in new editions by M. G. Abegg, E. Cook, and M. Wise (see note 7 below). Classification. The classification in this edition closely follows the list published by A. Lange with U. Mittmann-Richert in the introductory volume to the DJD series.2 Recognizing the subjective nature of any classification, we accept ———————————————————————-—————— 1

Several persons helped us in this cooperative effort. The bulk of the material was incorporated in the FARMS database (see below) over the course of many years, mainly by Irena Abramian, aided by programming provided by J. Doug Bayless. Irena’s insights and careful treatment of the texts provided the basis of the present edition. FARMS and Brigham Young University are to be thanked for their part in the preparation of the Hebrew transcriptions, which were originally prepared for the electronic publication: E. Tov, ed., The Dead Sea Scrolls Database (Non-Biblical Texts) (The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library, vol. 2; Prepared by the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies [FARMS]) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1999). M. G. Abegg and E. Cook kindly provided us with electronic copies of a sizeable number of additional texts (originals and English translations) which had not been included in the original FARMS database. A few texts present completely new text editions prepared by Abegg and Cook (see n. 7). These texts had originally been prepared by these two scholars for Abegg’s database, which forms the basis for the Qumran module in the Accordance computer program (Oaktree Software, see http:// www.oaksoft.com/) and his preparations for the printed concordance: M. G. Abegg, Jr. with J. E. Bowley and E. M. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls Concordance I. The Non-biblical Texts from Qumran (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2003). In the translations by Wise, Abegg, and Cook as well as in DJD I– VII, many sections and lines were lacking, and these have now been skillfully added by N. Gordon of Jerusalem, who incorporated his new translations together with corrections to the original translations into those of Wise–Abegg–Cook. In such cases, the name of N. Gordon has been added to the acknowledgements. Ayelet Tov-Sagi proofread all the DJD texts against the printed volumes. It is our impression that no detail escaped her trained eye, but we take blame for all oversights. In the Provo office, D. Fry, Carli Anderson and M. Grey copy-edited and formatted the transcriptions and translations professionally and skillfully. In the Jerusalem office, Janice Karnis copy-edited large parts of the edition applying to them her good sense of style. 2 “Annotated List of the Texts from the Judaean Desert Classified by Content and Genre,” in The Texts from the Judaean Desert—Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (ed. E. Tov; DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 2002) 115–64.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader this one almost without change,3 since the inner logic of a classification should be adopted in its entirety. The subjective nature of each classification proves to be problematic. Scholars conceive of several compositions in different ways, often resulting in their classification under different headings. Some of these compositions admittedly belong to more than one literary genre, so that they may be classified rightly in different places, or often in two places at the same time. As much as possible, a classification needs to be based on insights into the content, at the same time leaving the door open for different views visible through double classifications and/or a series of notes. A classified list differs from a text edition in that the former can allow itself to present texts in different places, while the latter obviously will present a text only once. A text edition based on a classification therefore needs to provide appropriate cross-references (see the introductions to the individual parts) recording alternative and additional options of classification. The main purpose of this publication is to present a convenient edition of all the Dead Sea Scrolls, and their classification is only a secondary goal. The problematic aspects of this method of organization are recognized, but its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Following the classification by Lange–Mittman-Richert, some Qumran texts representing more than one literary genre have been segmented into different elements and presented in different parts of DSSR. For example, sections of 1QapGen are presented in three segments in part 1, while parts of 1QS are contained in parts 3 and 4. This pertains to 1QapGen, 1QS, 4Q204–206, 4Q212, 4Q256, 4Q320, and 4Q394. In these cases, cross-references are provided in DSSR so as to allow for the unbiased study of these compositions. Coverage. DSSR covers all the non-biblical texts from Qumran, that is three-quarters of the Hebrew and Aramaic texts found there,4 excluding the biblical texts from that site.5 A few Greek texts are included as well. The present edition focuses on Qumran, excluding the finds from other sites in the Judean Desert: Murabba‘at (see DJD XXXIX, pp. 97–104), Naúal îever, and Masada (for both, see ibid., 104–14). While not including all the texts found in the Judean Desert (also named the Dead Sea Scrolls), the present edition does contain the great majority of the literary texts from among the Dead Sea Scrolls. The sites other than Qumran preserve almost exclusively documentary papyri, such as contracts, letters, and lists of goods (for the documentary texts from Qumran, see part 6). The edition includes all fragments published with an identifying title, such ———————————————————————–—————— 3 Exceptions to this rule are the addition of 4Q168 to part 2, the addition of 4Q365a to part 3, the removal of 4QPsalmse (4Q87) and 11QPsalmsa,b (11Q5–6) from the genre covered by part 5, and the addition to DSSR of all the texts listed in category 15.2 of Lange (‘Texts Not Included’). In addition, the internal sequence of some sections has been changed in parts 4, 5, and 6. 4 A sequential list of the Qumran texts covered by the various parts in DSSR (a ‘reverse list’ of the contents of the parts) will be published later. The parts themselves cover all the non-biblical texts listed in DJD XXXIX, 27–114. 5 The biblical texts are scheduled to be included in The Qumran Bible edited by E. Ulrich (forthcoming).

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General Introduction as the large group of texts recorded in part 6G (“Unclassified Manuscripts with Specific Names”) containing, for example, 4QpapFragment Mentioning Festivals (4Q478). So-called “unclassified” or “unidentified” fragments (without any identifying title) which have been listed in DJD XXXIII have not been included in DSSR. As in DJD, multiple manuscripts of the same composition are presented separately without attempting to create a composite edition on the basis of the various fragments. The only composite edition appearing in the DJD series is that of the manuscripts of 4QMMT (4Q394–397, 399) in vol. X, reproduced in part 1 of DSSR. Biblical and Non-biblical Texts. DSSR covers only the non-biblical Qumran texts based on a formal understanding of what constitutes a biblical text. The canonical biblical books are excluded from this edition, while Ben Sira (2Q18) is included. However, due to the fragmentary character of the Qumran compositions, it is often unclear whether a small fragment contains a biblical or a nonbiblical composition,6 but DSSR follows the decisions on the nature of the texts made by those who edited them. Editio minor. DSSR serves as an editio minor of the Qumran fragments, while the full apparatus relating to these editions is not repeated from the official editions: introduction, information on the photograph numbers, apparatuses of notes on readings and content remarks, photographic plates. Since the concordance by M. G. Abegg and others (see note 1) covers more than the individual volumes of the DJD series, it may be considered a concordance to this volume, even more so than to the volumes of DJD. Sources. The table of contents lists the source for the texts and translations included in DSSR. Most of these sources have been published, while for a few texts provided by M. G. Abegg or E. Cook7 this is their first publication. Usually one source is provided in the table of contents, such as “(DJD XIX, 1995),” implying that both the transcription and translation are quoted from DJD XIX. If two sources are listed, such as “(Abegg; WAC [Wise, Abegg, Cook])”, the first entry refers to the source for the transcription, and the second one to the source of the translation. The text of the Hebrew-Aramaic compositions follows exactly that of the DJD editions when available (but see below regarding minor corrections). This applies to the great majority of the texts in DSSR, with the exception of 11QTemplea quoted here from its standard edition,8 and the large texts from cave 1, as well as several additional texts,9 that are adduced from the transcrip——————————————————— 6 Some of the very fragmentary texts which have been named biblical may actually have been parts of compositions which included, among other things, long stretches of Bible texts, such as pesharim and other commentaries, or paraphrases such as 4QReworked Pentateuch (4QRPa–e). For example, 4QGenk 5 may actually belong to 4QRPa (4Q158). Likewise, the text which has been published as 4QpapIsap (4Q69) contains only a few words, and therefore could have been part of a pesher like 4Qpap pIsac (see J. R. Davila’s discussion in DJD XII, 75). 4Q168 is presented in all lists as 4QpMic?, but it could be presented equally well as ‘4QMic?’. 7 See the table of contents. This pertains to a few texts in the cryptic A–C scripts and 4Q551–578. 8 Y. Yadin, The Temple Scroll, vols. 1–3 (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1992). 9 1QHa, 1QM, 1QpHab, 1QS, 1QSa, 1QSb, 1QapGen, 4Q204, 4Q205, 4Q207, 4Q212, 4Q317, 4Q324d–e, 4Q551–578.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader tions by M. G. Abegg and E. Cook.10 The translations provided in these parts are those accompanying the DJD editions, and in the case of texts not included in DJD, we resorted mainly to translations published by Wise–Abegg–Cook,11 as well as a few unpublished translations by these scholars. Some of the translations have been supplemented and revised by N. Gordon in Jerusalem, as indicated in the acknowledgements for each text. Use of the DJD translations was more complicated than had been anticipated since, in the early volumes, many lines or sections of the texts had not been translated at all, necessitating the addition of new translations in the present volume.12 In order to make the presentation of the translations more consistent throughout the text editions, quotations from the biblical text in pesharim and commentaries are presented within quotation marks and in italics.13 Nomenclature. The names of the Qumran compositions follow the official editions, as summarized in DJD XXXIX.14 In the system of DJD, different copies of the same composition are indicated by small raised letters (e.g. the various manuscripts of the pesher on Isaiah named 4QpIsaa,b,c), while manuscripts representing related compositions are indicated with capital letters, such as 4QapocrJer A, B, etc. This distinction, which admittedly is subjective,15 was not yet fully developed in the first DJD volumes. In the nomenclature of the texts from the Judean Desert, the following system is used: The name begins with a reference to its find-site, as listed below îev Naúal îever KhQ Khirbet Qumran Mas Masada Mur Murabba‘at ——————————————————— 10 These transcriptions were prepared for the Qumran module of the Accordance computer program as well as for the Qumran Concordance (for both, see note 1 above). In the texts from cave 1, Abegg leaned much on the edition of E. Lohse, Die Texte aus Qumran Hebräisch und Deutsch vols. 1–2 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964, 1971), supplemented by additional editions, as explained in the ‘Readme’ file in the Accordance program (see n. 1). 1QapGen in Abegg’s text is based on the following editions: M. Morgenstern, E. Qimron, D. Sivan, “The Hitherto Unpublished Columns of the Genesis Apocryphon,” AbrN 33 (1995) 30–54; F. García Martínez and E. J. C. Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, Volume One (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997). The text of 4Q204, 205, 207, 212 is based on J. T. Milik, The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumrân Cave 4 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976). 11 M. Wise, M. G. Abegg, Jr., E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996). 12 All of the translations included in the ‘French’ DJD volumes (III, VII, XXV, XXXI) have been replaced with English translations. 13 Some DJD authors make use of italic print without quotation marks for questionable translations (e.g. in DJD XXXIV). 14 The reader is referred to a description of the nomenclature of the Qumran scrolls in DJD XXXIX, 10–11. 15 Thus in DJD XXXI, the rather similar, yet different, cycles of pseudepigraphical works ascribed to Ezekiel and Jeremiah are conceived of in different ways. The manuscripts of the Apocryphon of Jeremiah are described as a group of related compositions: 4QapocrJer A (4Q383), 4Qpap apocrJer B? (4Q384), 4QapocrJer Ca–f (4Q385a, 387, 388a, 389–390, 387a), while 4QpsEzeka–e (4Q385, 386, 385b, 388, 391) are presented as different copies of the same composition.

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General Introduction Q Qumran êe Naúal êe’elim XQ unknown cave(s) at Qumran The different caves at each site are denoted with sequential numbers, for example, 1Q, 2Q, etc. Appearing after the find-site are references to the material on which the text was written (pap = papyrus), followed by the type of composition (apocr = apocryphon; p = pesher; tg = targum) and/or type of script (paleo = paleo-Hebrew; crypt = cryptic [A, B, C]). The assigned name of the text then appears, followed by the language of inscription (ar = Aramaic; gr = Greek; lat = Latin; nab = Nabataean). All documents are written on leather in Hebrew unless otherwise designated. Common abbreviations for the classification of the scrolls are as follows: apocr apocryphon (e.g. 4QapocrLam A [4Q179]) ar Aramaic (e.g. 4QLevia ar [4Q213a]) crypt Cryptic A, B, C (e.g. 4Qpap cryptA Prophecy? [4Q249q]) gr Greek (e.g. 4Qpap paraExod gr [4Q127]) heb Hebrew (e.g. 4QAccount B ar or heb [4Q354]; Xîev/Se papDeed of Sale B ar and heb [Xîev/Se 8]). N.B. ‘heb’ only appears together with another language and denotes that either the language is uncertain or that both appear in the document. When no language abbreviation appears after the text name, Hebrew is assumed. lat Latin (e.g. Mas papLetter lat [Mas 728]) nab Nabataean (e.g. 5/6îev papUnclassified Text nab [5/6îev 38]) p pesher (e.g. 1QpHab) paleo Paleo-Hebrew (e.g. 11QpaleoLeva [11Q1]) pap papyrus (e.g. 4Qpap paraExod gr [4Q127]) tg Targum (e.g. 11QtgJob [11Q10]) Parallels. A visual means for indicating parallel texts has been developed fully in the volumes published in the 1990s. These parallels pertain to two types of material, viz. parallels between segments in manuscripts of what is supposedly the same composition and parallels between different compositions. The notion of a ‘parallel’ is intentionally vague, often rightly so, but in most cases it pertains to texts which actually overlap, although differences in details between the texts are recorded. Such differences are visible when the exact amount of overlapping as recorded in the DJD editions is examined.16 The recording system used in most volumes indicates very precisely all the letters and spaces which any two texts have in common, so that even the smallest agreements and differences between them are visible when underlined or not. In several cases, three or four different parallels are indicated by three types of underlining as well as overbars, such as in the manuscripts of the Damascus Document (part 3 [DJD XVIII]).17 ——————————————————— 16 The data and difficulties involved are described in detail by E. J. C. Tigchelaar in DJD XXXIX, 285–322. 17 The parallels in 4Q415–418c, 423 (part 4B [originally published in DJD XXXIV]), indicated by interlinear letters, have not been recorded in DSSR, while the references to the parallels have been retained.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader Quality and Consistency. The main purpose of DSSR is to present the texts and translations published in DJD and elsewhere over the course of almost half a century. The high standards of these publications have not changed over the years, but here and there a text edition is of a lower quality. Nevertheless, all these editions have been reproduced in their original form.18 Due to the nature of the publication of DJD carried out over the course of fifty years on different continents, a certain amount of inconsistency regarding the presentation of the texts proved unavoidable in the original editions which became more standardized from 1990 onwards. This inconsistency relates to all aspects of the presentation of the texts and their translations: degree of certainty ascribed to partially preserved letters (e.g. what looks like a certain letter to one scholar may be indicated with a diacritical dot by another), amount of reconstruction (some scholars did not reconstruct elements not preserved, while others presented a small number of reconstructions, and yet others reconstructed extensively), translation vocabulary,19 type of translation, uncertainties expressed in the translations by italics, and the presentation of biblical quotations in the translations of the pesharim and biblical commentaries. In the following areas, DSSR introduced a greater degree of consistency than DJD: 1. Indication of empty lines or segments as vac(at). 2. Indication of partially preserved untranslated words with three spaces in the translation. 3. Indication of the beginnings and ends of lines with right- and left-hand brackets whenever the full column size is reconstructed. 4. In the Hebrew usually a space is used rather than ellipsis signs; in translations, ellipsis signs are not used in reconstructions, and rarely so in running texts. 5. Indication of top and bottom margins for texts originally published in DJD I–V. 6. Adherence to British spelling. 7. Biblical quotations, when recognized in the text editions, are represented in italics between quotation marks. Often the references themselves were added in DSSR. Corrections. A text edition in DJD is in the nature of an editio princeps and it is only logical that such an edition would subsequently be improved upon by its editor as well as by others. New views on the reading of a certain letter, new understandings of the nature of a composition involving new readings and reconstructions, new suggestions of physical joins and connections made between two or more different fragments could all improve the nature of the edition. At the same time, as the nature of the art of editing is subjective, that of its correct——————————————————— 18 It would not be amiss to note that vol. V in the DJD series (4Q158–186) was prematurely published. In the individual parts of DSSR, the texts from that volume are nevertheless reproduced in their original form, but it is envisaged to include the revised editions (from the planned revision of the complete volume) in the printing of the final volume. 19 For example, the Tetragrammaton is represented in the translation in four different ways: LORD, Lord, YHWH, and Yahweh.

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General Introduction ing procedure is equally subjective. Due to this subjectivity in the correction process, and also to the fact that there is virtually no right or wrong in this area, no corrections can be provided in an edition like the present one, with the exclusion of typographical errors (e.g. 4Q409 frg. 1 i 7 ‫[ קדושו‬DJD XXIX] corrected to ‫)קודשו‬.20 The only content corrections included in DSSR pertain to the few re-editions included in the later volumes of DJD correcting earlier DJD editions. In these cases, the re-edition has been included in DSSR, while the earlier edition has been excluded.21 A special case is a group of four small fragments that are presented in vol. XXIX as both 4Q471b frgs. 1a–d (4QSelf-Glorification Hymn; edited by E. Eshel) and 4Q431 frg. 1 (4QHe; edited by E. Schuller). The former is recorded in part 5. Acknowledgements. Precise references to the editio princeps are provided after the title of each document. PRESENTATION OF THE TEXT. The system used is that of DJD, described in detail by E. Tov in DJD XXXIX, 19–22. DSSR presents the Hebrew/Aramaic texts on the left page and the English translation on the facing page. Multiple Hebrew/Aramaic transcriptions with very few or no corresponding English translations, however, are grouped together on either the right- or left-hand pages in order to limit the amount of white space in the edition. The structure of individual columns of the text within a given composition, extant or reconstructed, is often based on physically unconnected fragments placed in an extant or reconstructed column sequence. Some scholars were more reliant than others on their own suggestions regarding the reconstruction of the column structure of the scroll made on the basis of the preserved fragments. The columns in a multi-sheet composition, both extant and reconstructed, are numbered with large Roman numerals (I, II, etc.). Different columns found on a single fragment are numbered with lower-case Roman numerals (e.g. frg. 1 i 8 = fragment 1, col. i, line 8). Adjacent columns in the scroll or in a fragment are presented sequentially, but when the remains of one of the two columns are very scanty, they are often printed next to each other. Usually the numbering starts with the first preserved column (as opposed to the first column of the composition), while the system used by some scholars takes into consideration putative columns which may have preceded the first preserved column. Thus, 4QOtot (4Q319) begins with col. IV, as it is presumed that the three columns of 4QSe (4Q259) appeared beforehand.22 The fragments ——————————————————— 20 Such typographic errors are corrected in the following way: קדושו‬. At the same time, clear typographical mistakes in such matters as numbers and brackets are changed without leaving a trace (there are no more than twenty instances in all the parts). Thanks are due to M. G. Abegg for providing us with a list of typographical errors. Other errors were on record in the Jerusalem office. 21 The edition of 1Q23 (1QEnGiantsa ar) follows the re-edition in vol. XXXVI; that of 1Q26 (1QWisdom Apocryphon) follows vol. XXXIV, that of 1Q28a (1QSa) follows vol. XXXVI, that of 2Q26 (2QFragment of a Ritual?) follows vol. XXXVI, that of 4Q269 (4QDd frgs. 10, 11) follows vol. XXXVI, and that of 4Q394 frgs. 1–2 (4QMMTa, first published in DJD X) follows vol. XXI. 22 See J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI, 195–7.

xv

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader comprising each column are numbered a, b, c, etc.; unconnected fragments are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. (sometimes subdivided into 1a, 1b, etc.) The lines of each column are usually numbered 1, 2, 3 etc., starting with the first preserved line. In some cases, when the number of lines preceding the first preserved line or column can be estimated—especially when one or more adjacent columns are preserved—the first line or column may be numbered with a higher number. Some scholars, preferring to retain the number ‘1’ for the first preserved line, number the presumed preceding lines as 01, 02, etc. (thus 4Q299; 4Q423; 11QTa). Joined presentation. In the case of the double presentation in DJD, e.g. when fragments a and b are presented separately and also in the joined reconstruction, only the latter is presented. Top and bottom margins, when extant, are indicated in all the original publications, although inconsistently so in DJD I–V. On the other hand, left and right margins are not indicated explicitly, since the absence of square brackets at the right and left indicates the existence of such margins. Spaces within the text, as well as completely empty lines. Within the text, spaces indicating contextual breaks are indicated by vac(at) at the beginning of the line (indentations), in the middle, or towards the end of the lines. As a rule, the exact dimensions of the spaces are not imitated in the printed editions. Areas which are not inscribed as a result of a rough surface or damage to the leather are indicated in some volumes by vac(at) and in others by ///. Completely empty lines are also numbered. This system was not used in the early volumes, where the word vac(at) was usually not printed in the spaces. Writing on two sides. Recto and verso are indicated, as well as the ‘lower’ and ‘upper’ versions in the documentary texts in vol. XXVII. The exact position of the inscribed surfaces within the texts. While an attempt is made to imitate in print the position of the inscribed surface on the fragment, it is often impossible to do so accurately as printed and written letters have different widths. Supralinear, infralinear, and (less frequently) marginal additions are indicated in the text by raised or lowered characters (often in a smaller font). When longer than a few words, the addition is often indicated by an additional line, which is sometimes indicated with a special number (line 8a [rarely: 9a] would indicate a supralinear addition above line 9). Sometimes, the exact position of the supralinear letter or word cannot be indicated accurately. We follow the DJD editions in not distinguishing in the transcriptions between prima manu and secunda manu additions. Individual letters or words written in the palaeo-Hebrew script, mainly the Tetragrammaton, are represented in that script. In the translation, these words are represented in boldface. Corrections and erasures are indicated as follows in the more recent volumes in the series: Superscript letters ‫( ִשזעקתם‬4Q434 1 i 3) Erasures on the leather {‫( כיא הואה }כיא הואה‬4Q417 2 i 5) Erasures on the leather (undetermined letters) /// (4Q169 3-4 iii 11) xvi

General Introduction ___ (4Q405 3 i 12) Crossing out a letter or word with a line ‫אמתו‬ Deletion dots above, below, or around letters ‫( •מעל‬4Q434 1 i 1) Earlier DJD volumes did not differentiate among the above different types of deletions, representing all of the above by { }. In those earlier editions, this sign is distinct from < > indicating a scribe’s omission (see vol. I, 48). DSSR has attempted to improve upon these earlier editions, but some inconsistency remains. Scribal signs, with the exception of paragraphos signs, are not indicated in the transcriptions (for a list, see vol. XXXIX, H. SCRIBAL NOTATIONS IN THE TEXTS FROM THE JUDAEAN DESERT). The paragraphos is represented as a printed straight line (e.g. 4Q532 frg. 1 ii, before line 7) and only rarely is the ‘fish hook’ paragraphos presented as such (thus 4Q428 10 11; 4Q477 passim). Other paratextual elements are usually analyzed in the PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION in the introductory material of the various DJD volumes: horizontal and vertical ruling, guide dots at the beginnings or ends of sheets, remnants of stitching of sheets. Letters omitted by a scribe and reconstructed by modern scholars are usually indicated as < > e.g. 1Q28b 15 2. The degrees of certainty regarding the identification of letters are based on each editor’s evaluation of the preserved remains of the letters. The following conventions are employed: ‫א‬ certain letter ‫ִא‬ probable letter ‫ֵא‬ possible letter ° (mid-line circlet) remnant of an undetermined letter No consistency is possible in this system, since what one editor considers to be a certain letter, e.g. ‫א‬, another editor will denote as ‫א‬. ִ The same fluctuation is possible between ‫ ִא‬and ‫א‬, ֵ and between ‫ ֵא‬and °. In a few volumes (especially vols. X and XXXIV), the uncertainty concerning the distinction between waw and yod and also, rarely, between final and non-final mem is indicated by a macron: ‫ ֿו‬, ‫ ֿי‬, ‫מ‬. ֿ Different possible readings of letters are sometimes recorded in DJD by stacking the letters above each other, especially in vol. XXVII (documentary texts) or by parenthesis signs (e.g. DJD XXV, 95). Reconstructions are enclosed in square brackets. Brackets at the beginning and end of the lines are often omitted when the length of the line is unclear. Right brackets are not used in the texts originally published in DJD XXV.

xvii

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader SUMMARY OF THE SYMBOLS EMPLOYED ‫א‬ ‫ִא‬ ‫ֵא‬ ° (mid-line circlet) ‫ֿו‬ [‫]א‬ _____ < >

{a}, {a} ___ ______ ‫אמתו‬, disease ‫•מעל‬ (a)

b/a (saying) ‫ ִשזעקתם‬, six months ///

‫יהוה‬ •••• vac(at) recto/verso top/bottom margin italics (in translation) italics (in translation) boldface (in translation)

word 1/word 2 (in translation)

certain letter probable letter possible letter remnant of an undetermined letter either yod or waw reconstructed text paragraphos a modern correction, sometimes an addition, e.g. 1QS VI 7 usually: erased letter(s) or surface; for texts published in DJD I-VII rarely: deletion, scribal dots, strike-through crossing out a letter or word with a line, e.g. 4Q405 3 i 12, 4Q266 i e 2 deletion dots above, below, or around letters, e.g. 4Q434 1 i 1 alternative or uncertain reconstruction, e.g. 4Q524 6–13 (DJD XXV, 95). In the texts of DJD VII these parentheses denote reconstructions in parallel texts, e.g. 4Q509 8 6. different options, e.g. 1Q25 2 4 (DJD I, 100) in the translation: words added for clarity superscript letter or word erasure or damage in the leather (undetermined letters), e.g. 4Q169 3–4 iii 11 Tetragrammaton (the four-letter name of God represented in paleo-Hebrew letters) Tetrapuncta (the four-letter name of God represented in the text by four [five] dots), e.g. 4Q176 1–2 i 6 interval (usually: the writing space was intentionally left blank) observe/reverse side of a document part of the top/bottom margin has been preserved doubtful translation (usually single words) biblical quotations (usually long stretches between quotation marks) The Hebrew word for ‘God’ is either the Tetragrammaton in paleo-Hebrew characters, or is represented by four dots Alternative translations (e.g. 4Q285 3 4)

xviii

General Introduction ABBREVIATIONS 1. Texts from the Judaean Desert apGen apocr Ber Cal. Doc. D DibHam DM En Enastr EnGiants EpJer Flor H(od) Hym/Pr Hym/Sap Jub Kgs Lit M Mez MidrEschat MMT MSM Myst NJ Ord p par Pent Phyl ps Pr PrFêtes PrNab PrQuot RitMar RitPur RP S Sa

Genesis Apocryphon apocryphon Berakhot (Blessings) Calendrical Document Damascus Document Dibre Hamea°e Ha-Torah (Some of the Torah Observations) Midrash Sefer Moshe Mysteries New Jerusalem Ordinances pesher paraphrase Pentateuch Phylactery pseudoPrayer(s) Prières pour les fêtes (Prayers for Festivals) Prayer of Nabonidus Prières quotidiennes (Daily Prayers) Rituel de mariage (Marriage Ritual) Rituel de purification (Purification Ritual) Reworked Pentateuch Serekh ha-Yaúad (Community Rule) Rule of the Congregation xix

The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader Sam sap Sb ShirShabb T TNaph, etc. Tanú Test tg TLevi Tob Unid.

Samuel sapiential Rule of the Blessings Shirot >Olat ha-Shabbat (Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice) Temple Scroll Testament of Naphtali Tanúumim Testimonia targum Testament of Levi Tobit unidentified

2. General Abbreviations ar col. cr(ypt)A DJD FARMS fr(a)g. gr îev Kh. Q. lat Mal Mas Milik, BE ms Mur nab ostr paleo PAM pap Q r S Se Sir TOC

Aramaic column cryptic script A Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Foundation for Ancient Research & Mormon Studies fragment Greek Naúal îever Khirbet Qumran Latin Malachi Masada J. T. Milik, The Books of Enoch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976) manuscript Murabba>at Nabataean ostracon paleo-Hebrew Palestine Archaeological Museum papyrus Qumran recto Serekh Seiyal Sirach Table of Contents xx

General Introduction v WAC

verso M. Wise, M. G. Abegg, & E. Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996)

xxi

This page intentionally left blank

INTRODUCTION TO PART 41 CALENDRICAL AND SAPIENTIAL TEXTS I. CALENDRICAL TEXTS Calendars and the celebration of feasts and holidays form an important part in the life of religious and national movements. The Qumran calendrical texts (the texts adduced here probably reflect only Qumran sectarian documents) provide new information about known and otherwise little-known festivals. These issues often form the substance of debate and are the grounds for schism. The Qumran calendrical texts reveal that the Qumran community followed a calendar of 364 days which differed fundamentally from the lunar calendar observed at the Temple in Jerusalem. The texts composed by the Qumran community delineate its calendar, which was considered to be God-ordained. The service cycle of the priestly courses in the Temple plays a central role in the community’s concept of chronology. The texts included in part 4 of DSSR contain manuals for calendrical and liturgical events recorded in several types of annual or multi-annual lists. Some of the scrolls display a festival calendar for the 364-day year. Other documents include additionally the component of the priestly courses (mishmarot), mentioning the names of the twenty-four priestly courses (1 Chr 24:7-18) and the roster of the weekly rotations within a six-year cycle. These documents record various festivals in a six-year cycle and were also combined, in three additional texts (4Q320, 321, 321a), with certain lunar features. A longer cycle of 294 years (six jubilees of forty-nine years) is reflected in 4Q319 (4QOtot) which mentions a ‘sign’ at the beginning of every fourth year. 4Q334 (4QOrdo) refers to the number of prayers to be recited daily. Several calendrical texts were written in a unique script dubbed ‘Cryptic A’, indicating their esoteric and secret nature.2 A different calendrical system is reflected in 4Q318, named 4QZodiology and Brontology ar (see part 6D). Recent summaries, also referring to other texts from Qumran and elsewhere, in which similar calendrical systems are reflected (these summaries also mention earlier studies): S. Talmon, “Calendars and Mishmarot,” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam; Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) ——————————————————— 1 DSSR follows the classification, division, and subdivision of A. Lange with U. Mittmann-Richert, “Annotated List of the Texts from the Judaean Desert Classified by Content and Genre,” in The Texts from the Judaean Desert—Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series (ed. E. Tov; DJD XXXIX; Oxford: Clarendon 2002) 115–64. 2 See S. J. Pfann. “The Writings in Esoteric Script from Qumran,” in The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty Years After Their Discovery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20–25, 1997 (ed. L. H. Schiffman et al.; Jerusalem 2000) 177–90.

xxiii

Introduction to Part 4 1.108–17; U. Glessmer, “Calendars in the Qumran Scrolls,” ibid., 2.213–78.

Similar texts in other parts of DSSR: 4Q208–211 and 4Q318 in part 6 and 4Q400–407, 11Q17, and 4Q503 in part 5. See further the unclassified manuscripts listed in part 6G (pp. X–XII at the end of this fascicle). II. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS Alongside the finds of fragments of the biblical wisdom books at Qumran, the Qumran caves contained remains of several wisdom works, especially sapiential instructions. In these compositions, a sage passes on certain instructions and prohibitions to an individual, and often adds the reasons for them. The best-preserved such composition is Sapiential Work A, also known as Mûs r lêM vîn (4Q415 ff.), of which seven different copies have been preserved. In this composition, most units begin with a second-person singular imperative or a negative admonition (‘you shall not’). The three main topics treated are money and possessions, social relations, and family matters. Several additional works of instruction are also known, among them 4QBeatitudes (4Q525). Recent summary (where earlier literature is mentioned): D. J. Harrington, “Wisdom Texts,” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam; Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 2.976–80.

Similar texts: 11Q5 contains hymns and poems that speak about wisdom, but they are not adduced in DSSR because in its publication, that scroll has been given the name of a biblical book (11QPsalmsa). See further the unclassified manuscripts listed in part 6G (pp. X–XII at the end of this fascicle), among them 4QInstruction-like Composition A (4Q419), 4QpapSap A? (4Q486), 4QpapSap B? (4Q487), 4QpapSap/Hymn (4Q498). Italics in part 4: English translations considered questionable by the scholar publishing the text in DJD. Parallels: For the exact parallels in some texts in section IIA, the reader is referred to the DJD editions.

xxiv

I. CALENDRICAL TEXTS

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫)‪(TEMPLE WATCHES‬‬

‫‪1. LISTS OF MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪4Q319 (4QOtot) ed. J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫)‪(this text probably followed 4Q259, see part I, p. 66‬‬ ‫)‪Col. IV (Frgs. 1, 2, 3g‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫ברוך]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫בשב]ת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[אורה בארבעה‬ ‫ה[ ִבריאה בארבעה ִבגִִ ]מול אות שכניה ברביעית אות‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫גמול בשמטה[‬ ‫]אות שכניה בשלי[ ֵש ִיִת ִא]ות גמו[ ִל ִבששית א ִו ִת ]שכניה בשנית אות גמול[‬ ‫ֵמו]ל ברביעית אות שכניה[‬ ‫]בחמישית או[ ֵת שכניה ִאחר השמטה אות ֵג ֵ‬ ‫גמול בשל]י[ ֵש ֵיֵת את שכניה ]בששית אות גמול[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בשמטה או[ ִת‬ ‫]בשנית או[ ֵת ֵש]כניה[ ִב]ח[ ִמ ִיִשית ִא ִוִת גמ ֵו]ל אחר השמט[ה אות‬ ‫]שכניה בר[ ִביעית ֵאות גמול בשמטה אות ֵס]וף היובל אתות הי[ ִוִ בל‬ ‫ֵא ֵה‬ ‫אתות] ‪ °[ ///‬הבר ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ אתות ײ‪ \/// ///‬מזה בשמטה‬ ‫]השני‬ ‫שכניה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵה שכ]נ[ ִיִה בשנה השלישית אות גמו]ל בששית א[ות‬ ‫]‬ ‫הש]מטה אות ג[מול‬ ‫]בשנית אות ג[ ִמול ֵב ִחמישית אות שכניה אחר ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. V (Frgs. 2–5, 9, 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]ברביעית אות שכניה בשמטה אות גמול בשלישית אות שכניה[‬ ‫]בששית אות גמול בשני[ ִת ֵא]ות שכניה בח[משית] אות גמול[‬ ‫ֵמ]ול בשמטה אות[‬ ‫]אחר השמט[ ִה אות שכניה בר]ביעית אות [ ֵג ֵ‬ ‫ֵה] אות סוף[‬ ‫שכ]נ[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫אות [ ֵ‬ ‫]שכניה בשלי[ ֵשית אות גמול בש]שית‬ ‫ֵהיובל השי}נ{לשי ִאתות היובל] השלישי ײ‪ \\/////‬אתו[ ִת מזה בשמטה‬ ‫ֵת אות שכניה‬ ‫חמיש ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ֵאתות ‪ //‬שכנ ִיִה] בשנה הש[ ֵנ ֵי]ת אות גמו[ ֵל ִב ֵ‬

4Q319

3

A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT (TEMPLE WATCHES)

1. LISTS OF MISHMAROT 4Q319 (4QOtot) trans. J. Ben-Dov (this text probably followed 4Q259, see part I, p. 66) Col. IV (Frgs. 1, 2, 3g) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

[ ]blessed[ [ ]its light (came forth) on the fourth day of the wee[k [ the] Creation in the fourth (day) in Ga[mul; Sign of Shekaniah in the fourth (year); Sign of Gamul in the (year of the) release;] [Sign of Shekaniah in the th]ird; S[ign of Gamu]l in the si[x]th; Sign of [Shekaniah in the second; Sign of Gamul] [in the fifth; Sig]n of Shekaniah (in the year) after the release; Sign of Gamu[l in the fourth; Sign of Shekaniah] [in the release; Sig]n of Gamul in the th[ir]d; Sign of Shekaniah [in the sixth; Sign of Gamul] [in the second; Sig]n of She[kaniah] in the [fi]fth; Sign of Gamu[l after the relea]se; Sign of [Shekaniah in the fo]urth; Sign of Gamul in the release (which is the) con[cluding] sign of [the jubilee. Signs of the second] [ju]bilee (are) 17 signs, of these [3] signs (fall) in the (years of the) release. The Creation [ ] Shek[an]iah in the third year; Sign of Gamu[l in the sixth; S]ign of Shekaniah [in the second; Sign of Ga]mul in the fifth; Sign of Shekaniah (in the year) after the re[lease; Sign of Ga]mul

Col. V (Frgs. 2–5, 9, 23) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[in the fourth; Sign of Shekaniah in the release; Sign of Gamul in the third; Sign of Shekaniah] [in the sixth; Sign of Gamul in the secon]d; S[ign of Shekaniah in the f]ifth[; Sign of Gamul] [after the relea]se; Sign of Shekaniah in the fou[rth; Sign of ]Gam[ul in the release; Sign] [of Shekaniah in the thi]rd; Sign of Gamul in the si[xth; Sign of] Shek[an]iah [ (which is the) concluding sign] of the third jubilee. Signs of the [third] jubilee [(are) 17 sign]s, of these in (the years of the) release (fall) 2 signs. (sign of) Shekaniah[ in the se]con[d year; Sign of Gamu]l in the fifth; Sign of Shekaniah

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫שכ ִיִה בשמטה אות‬ ‫אחר השמטה או]ת גמול ברביעית אות[‬ ‫ול בשנית אות‬ ‫]ג[מול בשלישיתי ]א[ ֵוֵת ]שכניה בששית אות ג[ ֵמ ִ‬ ‫]ב[ ֵח ֵמ ִ‬ ‫[ ֵהשמטה אות שכיה‬ ‫שית ]גמול אחר‬ ‫שכניה אות‬ ‫[שכניה בשלישית אות גמול‬ ‫גמול] בשמטה אות‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ברביעית אות‬ ‫[ ִגִ מול בחמישית אות שכניה‬ ‫בששית אות שכ]ניה בשנית אות‬ ‫היובל‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫אחר השמטה ִא]ות סוף היובל אתות הרב[ ֵיֵעי ִאתות ײ‪\//////‬‬ ‫אותות‬ ‫[בשנה הרביעית אות שכנ ִי ִִה‬ ‫בשמטה \\ ‪]°‬גמול‬ ‫]מז[ ֵה ִ‬ ‫גמול ֵב]שלישית אות שכניה בששית אות גמול[‬ ‫]בש[מטה אות ִ‬ ‫בחמ]ישית אות גמול אחר השמטה אות שכניה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בש ֵנ ֵיֵת אות שכניה‬ ‫ִב ִר ִביעת אות ]ג[מול ִב]שמטה אות שכניה בשלישית אות גמול[‬ ‫ֵת ֵש]כניה בשנית אות גמול בחמישית אות שכניה[‬ ‫ֵב ֵש ֵש]ית א[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫]אחר ה[ ִשמטה אות ֵג]מול ברביעית אות שכניה בשמטה אות סוף היובל[‬ ‫]החמיש[י בישיב אב] אתות היובל החמישי אתות ײ‪ /////‬מזה בשמטה[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. VI (Frgs. 5, 6, 7 i, 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫]אתות ‪ ///‬גמול בשנה השלישית אות שכניה בששית אות[‬ ‫]גמול ב[ ֵשנית א]ות [שכנ ִיִה ֵב]חמישית א[ ִו ִת ִגִ ִמ]ול אחר השמ[ ִטה‬ ‫בשל ִיִשית‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫גמול ִב]שמ[ ִט ִה] אות שכניה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]או[ ִת שכניה ברביעית אות‬ ‫אות[ גמול‬ ‫אות גמול בששית אות שכניה ֵב]שנית‬ ‫[אות‬ ‫בח]מי[שית אות שכ ִניה אחר ]ה[ֵש]מטה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שלישית‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ב[‬ ‫בשמ]טה אות גמול‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫גמוִ ִל ב]ר[ ֵביעית אות שכניה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אות‬ ‫אות ]שכניה בש[שית סוף ]הי[ֵו]בל הששי אתות[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יובל] הששי אתות ײ‪ /\\//[/‬מזה ב]שמטה א[תות \\] ?‪[ vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵביוב]ל‬ ‫?‪vacat‬‬ ‫הח]מישי )?(‬ ‫וליוב]ל גמול בשנה השנית אות שכניה בחמישית אות גמול אחר[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫השמט]ה אות שכניה ברביעי[ ִת אות גמ]ול ב[ ֵש ֵמ ֵט]ה[‬ ‫ֵ‬

4Q319 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

5

after the release; Si[gn of Gamul in the fourth; Sign of ]Shekaniah in the release; Sign [of Ga]mul in the third; [Si]gn of [Shekaniah in the sixth; Sign of Ga]mul in the second; Sign of Shekaniah [in the fi]fth; Sign [of Gamul after ] the release. Sign of Shekaniah in the fourth; Sign of Gamul [in the release; Sign ] of Shekaniah in the third; Sign of Gamul in the sixth; Sign of Shek[aniah in the second; Sign ]of Gamul in the fifth; Sign of Shekaniah after the release (which is the) [concluding] s[ign of the jubilee. Signs of the fou]rth jubilee (are) 17 signs, o[f the]se in (the years of) the release 2 signs. [(Sign of) Gamul ] in the fourth year; Sign of Shekaniah [in the re]lease; Sign of Gamul in the [third; Sign of Shekaniah in the sixth; Sign of Gamul] in the second; Sign of Shekaniah in the fif[th; Sign of Gamul after the release; Sign of Shekaniah] in the fourth; Sign of [Ga]mul in the [release; Sign of Shekaniah in the third; Sign of Gamul] in the six[th; Si]gn of She[kaniah in the second; Sign of Gamul in the fifth; Sign of Shekaniah] [after the] release; Sign of Ga[mul in the fourth; Sign of Shekaniah in the release (which is) the concluding sign of the] [fif]th [jubilee] in Jeshebab. [Signs of the fifth jubilee (are) 16 signs, of these in (the years of the) release]

Col. VI (Frgs. 5, 6, 7 i, 8) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

[3 signs. (Sign of) Gamul in the third year; Sign of Shekaniah in the sixth; Sign] [of Gamul in the] second; Si[gn] of Shekaniah in the [fifth; Si]gn of Gam[ul after the rel]ease; [Sig]n of Shekaniah in the fourth; Sign of Gamul in the [rel]ease; [Sign of Shekaniah] in the third; Sign of Gamul in the sixth; [Si]gn of Shekaniah in the [second; Sign] of Gamul in the f[if]th; Sign of Shekaniah after [the] re[lease; ] Sign of Gamul in the [fo]urth; Sign of Shekaniah in the rel[ease; Sign of Gamul in the] third; Sign [of Shekaniah in the si]xth (which is the) concluding sign [of the sixth j]u[bilee. Signs] (of the) [sixth] jubilee [(are) 1]6 [signs] of which in (the years of the) [release (are)] 2 [s]igns. [vacat?] the fi[fth vacat?] in the jubi[lee ] and to the jubi[lee. (sign of) Gamul in the second year, Sign of Shekaniah in the fifth; Sign of Gamul after] the relea[se; Sign of Shekaniah in the four]th; Sign of Gam[ul in the] relea[se];

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫]אות שכניה בשלישית אות[ גמול בששית ִא ֵו]ת שכניה[‬ ‫]ב[ ִשנית ֵא]ות גמול [בחמישית אות שכנ ִיִה] אחר[‬ ‫שמט]ה אות ג[ ִמול ברביעית אות שכניה ֵב ֵש]מטה אות[‬ ‫ִה ִ‬ ‫סוף] גמול[‬ ‫בששית ֵ‬ ‫גמ ִו ֵל] בשלישי[ ִת אות ִשנה ִ‬ ‫היובל‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[בחמישית אות סוף‬ ‫בש]נית אות שכניה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בש]מ[ ִטה‬ ‫ה[שביעי אתות ײ‪ /// ///‬מ ֵז ִֵה ִ‬ ‫]אתות היובל‬ ‫[אות הי]וב[ ִלים ]ש[נת יובלים לימ ִי] קדש[‬ ‫]אתות ‪//‬‬ ‫ֵמן השלישי ‪]°‬בשכניה[‬ ‫]בגמול הראשון בידעיה ה[ ֵש ֵנ]י [במ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. VII (Frg. 7 ii‬‬ ‫)‪Parallels: 4Q328 1–6 (underline‬‬ ‫)‪4Q329 2 (overbar‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]הרביעי בישיבאב החמישי בפצץ הששי בשנה הראישונה[‬ ‫בשנית[‬ ‫גמ ִו ֵל] אלישיב מעוזיה חופה‬ ‫—–—‬ ‫בשלישית[‬ ‫רים חזיר‬ ‫ידעיה] בלגה שעו‬ ‫ברביעית[‬ ‫מימִי]ן פתחיה אביה יכין‬ ‫שכניה ]דליה יקים——–‬ ‫בחמישית[‬ ‫יויריב‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫——‬ ‫אמ–ר מלכיה‬ ‫ישיבאב ]חרים‬ ‫בששית[‬ ‫[‬ ‫—— יחזקאל ישוע‬ ‫—— ‪]°‬הקוץ‬ ‫הפצץ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫גמול ֵה]‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]שעורים ישוע חופ[ ֵה ח]זיר גמול השנית ידעיה[‬ ‫]מימין אלישיב ב[ֵל]ג[ ִה פתחיה מ]עוזיה שעורים אביה[‬ ‫]חופה חזיר יכין יד[ ֵעיה השלישית ]מימין שכניה[‬ ‫]בלגה פתחיה דליה שעור[ים אביה י]קים חזיר[‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ִאו]‬

‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬ ‫[ה‬ ‫[ ֵא ִמר שכניה]‬ ‫הרביעי‬ ‫[ל ‪°‬רי‬ ‫[‪°°‬ס‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬בישו]ע‬

‫שי]‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫בלגה‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫]‬ ‫אות]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

4Q319 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

[Sign of Shekaniah in the third; Sign] of Gamul in the sixth; Si[gn of Shekaniah] [in the] second; S[ign of Gamul ] in the fifth; Sign of Shekaniah [after] the relea[se; Sign of Ga]mul in the fourth; Sign of Shekaniah in the re[lease; Sign] of Gamul[ in the thir]d; Sign of ’nh (lege Shekaniah) in the sixth; swp (lege Sign) [of Gamul] in the sec[ond; Sign of Shekaniah ] in the fifth (which is the) concluding sign of the jubilee. [Signs of the ] seventh [jubilee] (are) 16 signs, of these in the re[le]ase [2 signs. ] Sign of the j[ub]ilees, [ye]ar of jubilees according to day[s of holiness] [In Gamul the first, in Jeda>iah the] seco[nd, ]in Mijamin the third, [in Shekaniah]

Col. VII (Frg. 7 ii) 1.

[the fourth, in Jeshebab the fifth, in Happi§§e§ the sixth. In the first year]

2.

Gamul,[ Eliashib, Ma>oziah, îuppah. In the second]

3.

Jeda>iah, [Bilgah, Se>orim, îezir. In the third]

4.

Mijam[in, Petaúiah, Abiah, Jakin. In the fourth]

5. 6.

Shekaniah, [Delaiah, Jaqim, Joiarib. In the fifth] Jeshebab, [îarim, Immer, Malkiah. In the sixth]

7.

Happi§§e§, [Haqqo§, Jeúezqel, Jeshu>a. ]

8.

Gamul the[

Frg. 9 1.

[Se>orim, Jeshu>a, îupp]ah, îe[zir, Gamul. The second (year) Jeda>iah]

2.

[Mijamin, Eliashib, Bi]l[ga]h, Petaúiah, Ma[>oziah, Se>orim, Abiah]

3.

[îuppah, îezir, Jakin, Jeda]>iah. The third (year) [Mijamin, Shekaniah]

4.

[Bilgah, Petaúiah, Delaiah, Se>or]im, Abiah, Ja[qim, îezir]

Frg. 10

3. 4.

]Immer, Shekaniah[ ] in it(?) the fourth

6.

] in Jeshu[>a

Frg. 11 2.

7

]Bilgah sign[

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q320 4 iii (underline‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]ב‪ /‬בידעיה הנף העמר ב‪ \\///‬בשעורים הפסח השני[‬ ‫]ב‪ /‬בי[ ֵשוע חג השבו]עים ב‪ \///‬במעוזיה יום הזכרון ב‪[\\\///‬‬ ‫]ביוירי[ ֵב יום הכפו רים]‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q320 4 v–vi (underline‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]ב‪ \\///‬ביחזקאל הפסח [ ֵהשנִִ י ִב‪] /‬ביויריב חג השבועים ב‪[\///‬‬ ‫חזיר] יום הכפורים ב‪ \///‬בפצץ חג[‬ ‫]באמר יום הזכרון ב‪ִ \\[\///‬ב ֵ‬ ‫]הסכות הששית מועדי[ ִה ב\\\] ביחזקאל הפסח ב‪ /‬בגמול[‬ ‫]הנף העמר ב‪ \\\//‬במ[ ֵעוזיה הפסח] השני ב‪ /‬במלכיה חג[‬ ‫הזכר]ון ב‪ \\\///‬ביכין יום[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]השבועים ב‪ \///‬ביחזק[ֵא ֵל יום‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫וִתי‬ ‫[ ִא ִ ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫גמול]‬ ‫יד‪ֵ [ ] °‬ש ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫גמו[ ִל ֵמימן‬ ‫יד[ ֵעיה שכניה‬ ‫[ שכניה‬ ‫[ שכניה‬ ‫ֵה‬ ‫[ ֵש ֵכ ֵנ ֵי ֵ‬

‫ישב]אב‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫גמ]ול‬ ‫כי ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ִם]‬ ‫ישיבא]ב‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ‪]°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫[ ולסופי ִמ]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q319

9

Frg. 12 1. 2.

[On the 1st (day) in (the week of) Jeda>iah (falls) the Waving of the Omer; on the 5th of Se>orim the second Passah;] [on the 1st of Je]shu>a the Feast of Wee[ks; on the 4th of Ma>oziah the Day of

3.

Remembrance; on the 6th] [of Joiari]b the Day of Atonement[

Frg. 13 1.

[On the 5th (day in the week of) Jeúezqel] the second [Passah]. On the 1st [of Joiarib

2.

the Feast of Weeks. On the 4th] [in Immer the Day of Remembrance. On the 6]th of îezir [the Day of Atonement. On

3.

[of Sukkoth. The sixth (year), its festiva]ls: On the 3rd [of Jeúezqel the Passah. On

4.

the 1st of Gamul] [the Waving of the Omer. On the 5th of Ma]>oziah the [Second] Passah. [On the 1st

5.

of Malkiah the Feast] [of Weeks. On the 4th of Jeúezq]el the Day of Remembr[ance. On the 6th of Jakin the

the 4th of Happi§§e§ the Feast]

Day of]

Frg. 14 Col. i 1.

]signs of[

Frg. 15 Col. i 1. 2.

Gamu]l Mijamin Jed]a>iah Shekaniah

3. 4. 5.

] Shekaniah ] Shekaniah ]Shekaniah

Frg. 16 2.

]Jesheba[b

Frg. 17 2.

] and to the ends of [

Col. ii Gamul[

Col. ii Jeshe[ab Gam[ul

10

A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

Frg. 18

Frg. 20

‫בשב[ ֵיֵעית גִִ ]מול‬ ]° ‫ית‬°°[

2

] ‫[שית‬

1

1

Frg. 19

]‫[ ִב ִעשיר ֵי‬ ]° ° [

2

]°°[

1

‫ישב]אב‬ ֵ [

2

]‫\ ך‬/°[

1

1

Frg. 22

Frg. 21

‫[ ֵרבי]עי‬ ]°[

‫הר ִב]יעי‬ ִ [

Frg. 24

1 2

Frg. 23

Frg. 26

]‫בח[ ִמשית‬ ‫[ ֵג ֵמ]ול‬

2

]‫[ ֵנֵיך‬

1

1

Frg. 25

]° ‫א[ות‬

1

Frg. 27

Frg. 28

‫רב ֵי]עית‬ ִ °°°[ ]°‫א‬°°[

]‫[ת ִה‬

1 2

Frg. 30

1

]‫[נ‬

Frg. 29

]‫[ ה‬

] ‫[ב‬

1

‫ִד‬°[ ‫[ִת‬ °°[

2

‫בג[ ֵמול ב]ו‬

1

]‫ח‬

1

1

bottom margin

Frg. 32

Frg. 33 Col. ii

Col. i

]‫ִב‬

‫ון‬°[ ‫[וײ‬

1 2

Frg. 35

1

3

Frg. 34

]°[ ]° vac [ ]°°‫לני מו‬°[

1 2 3

Unidentified Fragments Frg. 51

Frg. 48

‫] ג[מו]ל‬°[ ‫או[ ִת שכ]ניה‬ ]‫[ִמ‬

1 2 3

4Q319

11

Frg. 18 1.

in the seve]nth year (the first course on duty is) Ga[mul

Frg. 20 1.

]in the tenth[ year/month

Frg. 22

Frg. 21 1.

2.

the fou[rth

]four[th

]Jesheb[ab

Frg. 26 1.

s]ign [

Frg. 28 1.

] fou[rth

Frg. 33 Col. i 2.

] and ten

Frg. 34 1.

in Ga]mul in [it

Unidentified Fragments Frg. 51 1. Ga]mu[l 2. sig]n of Sheka[niah

12

A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT Frg. 55

Frg. 59

‫[ ִיִובל ֵו]ת‬ ]\\ ‫[ ִם‬

‫[ ֵשבתוִִ ]ת‬ ]‫[ואי‬ ]‫בח‬°°[

1 2

bottom margin

Frg. 61

1 2 3

Frg. 60

]°° ‫[ ֵש ִכניה‬ ]‫רון‬° [

]°[ ]‫ ובא‬°[ ]°‫[רפיו‬ ]vac °[

1 2

]° ‫בר[ ִביעי‬

]°‫[ב ב‬

3

1 2 3 4

bottom margin

Frg. 63

Frg. 62

]‫[אות‬ ]vac ‫[ ִם‬

1 2

bottom margin

Frg. 68b

]° ]°‫האו‬ ]°° ‫א‬ ]//// ]‫ִײ‬

5

] ‫[ ֵי ִֵוִם‬

1

1 2 3 4

Frg. 66a

‫באר]בעה‬ ֵ ִ‫[ ִו‬ ]° ‫[א‬

1 2

Frg. 70

Frg. 71

]‫ח[ ֵמשית‬ ]‫[ שית‬ ]°‫ש[לוש‬ ‫יע]ית‬ ִ ‫[ ֵר ִב‬

]°°[ ]‫הפ[ ִצץ‬ ‫ביע]י‬ ִ ‫[ ֵר‬ ]° ‫[ ִת‬

1 2 3 4

Frg. 73

1 2 3 4

Frg. 72e

]°°°[ ]‫שית‬ ִ ° ‫[ ִת‬ ‫חוד]ש‬ ֵ /‫שכ[ ֵנֵיה ב‬ ]‫ ב‬°°°° °[ ]‫ שש ִי‬vac[ ‫[ ִבראש ִו]נה‬ ]°[

]°‫[יש‬ ]° [

1 2

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

Frg. 75

Frg. 74a

]‫[שו‬ ]°‫שכ‬ ִ [

1 2

]‫[אות ה‬ ]°°‫[ב‬

1 2

4Q319

13

Frg. 55

Frg. 59 1. ]jubilee[s

1. ]Sabbat[hs

Frg. 61 1. ]Shekaniah [ 3.

in the f]ourth

[

Frg. 63 1. ]sign[

Frg. 68b 1. ] and in the fou[rteenth (?)

Frg. 71

Frg. 66a 1. ]day [

Frg. 70

1. f]ifth (year?) [ 2. Happ]i§§e§[ 3. th]ree [ 4. ]four[th (year?)

3. ]fourt[h

Frg. 73

3. Sheka]niah on the first (day in) mon[th 5. ]vac sixth[ 6. ]in the firs[t

Frg. 74a 1. ]the sign of the[

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪Frg. 79b‬‬

‫‪Frg. 77‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫יום הכ[ ִפורים ‪]°‬בישוע‬ ‫בשכ]ניה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫י[ ֵוֵם‬ ‫חג הסכו[ ִת ר‪]°°‬‬ ‫הרב]יעית מועדיה‬ ‫[‪ֵ vac‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[חודש]‬ ‫יוב]ל‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬‬ ‫[ל בר]‬

‫‪Frg. 85‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫[ִש]‬ ‫י[ ִוִם]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ב]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[בר]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 86‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ש]‬ ‫[יד ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 88‬‬

‫‪Frg. 87‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ח‪]°‬‬ ‫[שבתות ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ח‪] °°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 90‬‬

‫‪Frg. 89‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ‪°‬ה]‬ ‫[ השבי]‬ ‫[ ִחרים]‬ ‫[‪ °‬שבית]‬ ‫[שי ִװ ִײ]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪°‬שי]‬

‫‪Frg. 92‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ִשית ב]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‪°‬ם ‪°‬ו]‬ ‫הש]‬ ‫[שנה ִ‬ ‫שית]‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪4Q324i (4QcryptA Mishmarot J) ed. M. Abegg‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫שכ[ ֵנֵיה אל ֵי]שיב‬ ‫י[ ֵשבאב ]‬

‫‪Frg. 1b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִשע‪]°‬‬ ‫בל[גה ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1c‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִם ]‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

4Q324i Frg. 79b

15

Frg. 77

1. ]month[ 2. ] jubi[lee

2. the Day of At]onement [in Jeshu>a 3. d]ay in Shek[aniah 4. the Feast of Sukko]th [ 5. ] vac The fou[rth (year) its festivals

Frg. 85 2. d]ay[

Frg. 88 2. ]Sabbaths [

Frg. 89

3. ]îarim[

Frg. 92 3. ]the Xth year[

4Q324i (4QcryptA Mishmarot J) trans. M. Abegg Frg. 1b 2. Bil]gah [

Frg. 1a 1. Sheka]niah, Elia[shib 2. Je]shebab [

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪2. TIMES OF SERVICE‬‬ ‫‪Days‬‬ ‫‪4Q322 (4QMishmarot A) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3a‬‬ ‫‪3b‬‬

‫בתשע]ה בה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בשמינ[י‬ ‫ב[שכניה ז]ה‬

‫]‬ ‫]ביאת שכניה[ ב ֵי]‬

‫בשנים ביקים ֵז]ה‬

‫ֵאת ִי ִִק ִיִם ויום ר]ביעי ביקים‬ ‫]בעשרים ושלו[ ֵשה ִב ִה ב ֵי ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ °‬בס ֵי ֵי]‬

‫שהוִ ]א שנים בתשיעי‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בח ֵפ ֵה‬ ‫יו[ ֵם שני ִ‬ ‫[ ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Unidentified Fragment‬‬ ‫‪Frg. A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ערצ]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמ הזה ]‬ ‫[א ֵמ]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Days and Festivals‬‬ ‫‪4Q324 (4QMishmarot C) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]ביאת שכניה בעשרים ושלושה בה[ ביאת ]אלישיב בשלושים בה[‬ ‫]ביאת יקים אחד ביקים זה אח[ד בש]שי בשבעה בה ביאת חפה[‬ ‫בע]שרים[‬ ‫בארבעה ע[שר בה ]ביאת ישבאב[ ֵברית ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]ואחד בה ביאת בלג[ ִה בעשרים ]ושמונה ב[ ִה ביאת אמ]ר[‬ ‫באר]ב[ ֵעה בה ביאת ֵח]זיר[‬ ‫]יום רביעי באמר זה א[ ֵחד בשביעי ֵ‬ ‫יום‬ ‫ֵה ֵ‬ ‫יום ששי בח[זיר שהוא עשרה בשביעי ֵז ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ביאת] הפצץ[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫עשר בשביעי‬ ‫[‪°‬ברית באחד ִ‬ ‫]הכפורים‬

4Q324

17

2. TIMES OF SERVICE Days 4Q322 (4QMishmarot A) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov 1. 2. 2a. 3.

[ of the eigh]th; on the nin[th in it (the eighth month) [the entry of Shekaniah,] on[ in] (the week of) Shekaniah which [is

3a.

] [

on the second (day) in (the week of) Jaqim, which [is

[ on the twenty-thi]rd in it (the eighth month) the entry of Jaqim, and the fo[urth] day [in (the week of) Jaqim ]the second [da]y in (the week of) îuppah, which [is the second of the ninth (month)

Days and Festivals 4Q324 (4QMishmarot C) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[the entrance of Shekaniah; on the twenty-third in it] the entrance of [Eliashib; on the thirtieth in it] [the entrance of Jaqim, the first day in (the week of) Jaqim is the fir]st of the si[xth (month); on the seventh in it the entrance of îuppah;] [ on the fourte]enth in it [the entrance of Jeshebab;] covenant (?); on the twe[nty-] [first in it the entrance of Bilg]ah; on the twenty-[eighth in] it the entrance of Imm[er,] [the fourth day in Immer is the fi]rst of the seventh (month); on the fou[r]th in it the entrance of îe[zir,]

6.

[ the sixth day in (the week of) îe]zir, which is the tenth of the seventh (month) is

7.

the Day [of Atonement; ] for (?) the covenant; on the eleventh of the seventh (month) the entrance [of Happi§§e§]

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬ים ‪]°‬‬ ‫ש[לוש]‬

‫‪Days, Sabbaths, and Festivals‬‬ ‫‪4Q325 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot D) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]הפסח יום שלי[ ֵשי בשמונה עשר בו שבת ִע]ל יויריב‬ ‫[ ִבערב בעשרים וחמשה בו שבת על ידעיה ועלו]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]מוע[ ֵד שעורים בעשרים וששה בו אחר שבת רוש החודש ה[ֵש]ני‬ ‫שבת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בששה בשבת[ על ֵי ֵֵדעיה בשנים בו שבת חרים בתשעה בו‬ ‫]שעורים [בששה עשר בו שבת מלכיה בעשרים ושלושה ִב]ו‬ ‫בשלושים בו שבת הקוץ ‪ vacat‬רוש החודש‬ ‫]שבת מי[מין ֵ‬ ‫השלישי אחר שבת‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪va]ca[t‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫בש]ל[ושה ב]ו‬ ‫]בששה בשבת על בלגה בשנים בו שבת על א[ ֵמר ֵ‬ ‫ב[תשעה בו שבת חזיר‬ ‫]מועד היין אחר שבת על אמר‬ ‫ושלושה בו שבת‬ ‫בעשרי[ ֵם ִ‬ ‫]בששה עשר בו שבת הפצץ‬ ‫]פתחיה בשלושים בו שבת על יחזקאל רוש ה[ ֵח ֵו ֵֵד ֵש הששי‬ ‫עשר‬ ‫]אחר שבת על יחזקאל בשבעה בו שבת יכין בארב[ ֵעה ִ‬ ‫]בו שבת גמול בעשרים ואחד בו שבת דליה בעשרים ו[שנים‬ ‫]בו מועד השמן אחר שבת על דליה אחריו מועד )?( קרבן הע[צים‬

4Q325

19

Days, Sabbaths, and Festivals 4Q325 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot D) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Frg. 1 1. 2.

[ the Passah on the thi]rd [day] (of the week); on the eighteenth in it (the first month) Sabbath (on which) ent[ers Joiarib [ ]in the evening. On the twenty-fifth in it Sabbath (on which) enters Jeda>iah and

5.

enter[ [the festiv]al of (First) Grain (falls) on the twenty-six in it after the Sabbath; the beginning of the second mon[th [(falls) on the sixth (day) (of the week in which)] entered Jeda>iah; on the second in it Sabbath îarim. On the ninth in it Sabbath [Se>orim]; on the sixteenth in it Sabbath Malkiah. On the twenty-third in [it

6.

[Sabbath Mi]jamin. On the thirtieth in it Sabbath Haqqo§. vacat The beginning of the

7.

third vacat

3. 4.

month after Sabbath

Frg. 2 1. 2.

[on the sixth (day) in the week (in which) entered Bilgah; on the second in it (the fifth month) Sabbath (on which) enters Im]mer; on the thi[r]d in [it (the fifth month)] [the Feast of the (First) Wine after (the) Sabbath (on which) entered Immer. On] the ninth in it Sabbath îezir;

3.

[on the sixteenth in it Sabbath Happi§§e§. On the twen]ty-third in it Sabbath

4.

[Petaúiah; on the thirtieth in it (the) Sabbath (on which) enters Jeúezqel. The

5.

beginning of the] sixth month [(falls) after (the) Sabbath (on which) entered Jeúezqel; on the seventh in it (the sixth

6. 7.

month) Sabbath Jakin; on the fo]urteenth [in it Sabbath Gamul. On the twenty-first in it Sabbath Delaiah; on the twenty]second [in it the Feast of the (First) Oil after the Sabbath (on which) entered Delaiah. After it the (Feast[?] of the) W]ood-Offering.

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ב]‬ ‫ש[בת ִב]לגה‬ ‫חוד]ש‬ ‫רו[ש ִה ֵ‬ ‫אלה מ ֵו]עדי יהוה מקראי קודש‬ ‫א[ ִש ֵר ]תקראו אותם במועדם‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Festivals‬‬ ‫‪4Q320 4 ii–vi (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the‬‬ ‫‪TOC‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ולשבתת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הימים‬ ‫לחדשים‬ ‫]ול[ ֵשנים ולשמטים‬ ‫וליובלות ב‪\///‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בשבת בני גמול‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4 Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫מועדיה‬ ‫השנה הרישונה‬ ‫בשבת בני מעוזיה‬ ‫ב‪ִ ///‬‬ ‫ִב\ֵ ]ב[ ֵי ִֵד ֵע]יה[ הנף ה]עמר[‬ ‫הפסח] השני[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ב‪ \\///‬בשערים‬ ‫ב\ בישוע חג השבועים‬ ‫במעוזיה יום הזכרון‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵב‪////‬‬ ‫]ב[ִ‪ \\\/ִ/ִ/‬בייריב יום הכפורים‬ ‫]בעשרה ב[ ִשביעי ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]ב‪ \///‬ביד[ ֵע ִיִה חג הסכות‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪va]cat‬‬ ‫מועד ִי ִֵה‬ ‫השנית ֵ‬ ‫הפס]ח[‬ ‫]ב‪ִ /[//‬ב ִשערים ִ‬ ‫]ב\[ במ ִי]מ[ ֵן הנף ִה]עמר[‬ ‫]ב‪ִ \\///‬ב[ ִא ִביה ]הפסח השני[‬

‫הפסח‬ ‫ִ‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4 Col. iv‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ב\ ֵב]חפ[ ֵא ]חג הש[ ִב ֵוֵעים‬ ‫ב‪ \///‬בשערים יום‬ ‫]הז[ ֵכ ֵר ֵו]ן[‬ ‫הכפ]ורי[ֵם‬ ‫במ ִלכי]ה[ יום ֵ‬ ‫ב‪ִ \\ִ\/ִ//‬‬

4Q320

21

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sa]bbath Bi[lgah the beginn]ing of the mon[th these are the fea[sts of YHWH the sacred assemblies wh]ich [you shall proclaim at their appointed time

Festivals 4Q320 4 ii–vi (4QCal Doc/Mishmarot A) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 4 Col. ii 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

the days and for the Sabbaths for the months [and for the ]years and for the seven-year periods and for the jubilees. On the 4th (day) in the week of the sons of Gamul

Frg. 4 Col. iii 1. 2.

the first year its festivals on the 3rd (day) in the week of the sons of Ma>oziah (falls) the Passah

3.

on the 1st (day) [in ]Jeda[>iah] (falls) the Waving of the[ Omer]

4.

on the 5th (day) in Se>orim (falls) the [Second] Passah

5.

on the 1st (day) in Jeshu>a (falls) the Festival of Weeks

6.

on the 4th (day) in Ma>oziah (falls) the Day of Remembrance

7. 8. 9.

[on the ]6th (day) in Joiarib (falls) the Day of Atonement [on the tenth in the ]seventh (month) vacat [on the 4th (day) in Jed]a>iah (falls) the Festival of Booths

10. 11. 12.

vacat the second (year) its festivals [on the 3]rd (day) in Se>orim (falls) the Passa[h]

13. 14.

[on the 1st (day)] in Mija[mi]n (falls) the Waving of the[ Omer] [on the 5th day in ]Abiah (falls) [the Second Passah]

Frg. 4 Col. iv 1.

on the 1st (day) in[ îupp]ah (falls) [the Festival of W]eeks

2.

on the 4th (day) in Se>orim (falls) the Day [of Re]membran[ce]

3.

on the 6th (day) in Malkia[h] (falls) the Day of Atone[men]t

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ב]‪ \///‬ב[מימן חג הסכות‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫ִהשלישית מועדיה‬ ‫ב‪ ///‬באביה הפסח‬ ‫העמר‬ ‫ב\ בשכניה הנף ִ‬ ‫ביק]י[ ֵם ִהפסח ֵה]שני[‬ ‫ב‪ֵ \\///‬‬ ‫] ‪ vacat‬ב\[ ֵבחזיר ]חג השבועים[‬ ‫]ב‪ \///‬באביה יום הזכרון[‬ ‫]ב‪ \\\///‬בישוע יום הכפורים[‬ ‫]ב‪ \///‬בשכניה חג הס[כות‬ ‫]הרביעית מועדיה[‬ ‫‪Frg. 4 Col. v‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫]ב‪ ///‬בשבת בני יקי[ ִם הפסח‬ ‫העמר‬ ‫ביש[ ֵב ֵאב הנף‬ ‫ב\ ִ ] ֵ‬ ‫ב‪ \]ִ\///‬בא[מר הפסח השני‬ ‫השבועים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ב\ ביכ[ ִיִןִִ ] חג[‬ ‫]ב‪ \/[//‬ביקים יום ה ִז ִֵכרון‬ ‫]ב‪ [\\\///‬בחפא יום הכפורים‬ ‫]ב‪ֵ [ \///‬בישבאב חג הסכות‬ ‫‪vac[at‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫]החמשית [מועדיה‬ ‫ִבִ‪ִ /ִ/ִ/‬ב ִאמר הפסח‬ ‫]ב[\ִ ֵב ֵפ ֵצצ הנף העמר‬ ‫]ב[‪ \\///‬ביחזקאל הפסח השני‬ ‫]ב\ בייר[ ִיִב ִח ִג ה]שבועים[‬ ‫]ב‪ \///‬באמר יום הזכרון[‬ ‫‪Frg. 4 Col. vi‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ב‪ \\\///‬בחזיר יום הכפורים‬ ‫ב\\\ בפצצ חג הסכ ֵו]ת[‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫הששית מועדיה‬ ‫ב\\\ ביחזקאל הפס]ֵח[‬ ‫ִב\ בגמול הנף העמר‬ ‫]ב‪ \\[///‬במעזיה הפסח ה]שני[‬ ‫]ב[\ֵ במלכיה ֵח ֵג ֵה]שבועים[‬ ‫ביחזקא]ל יום הזכרון[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ב[ֵ‪ִ\/ֵ/ֵ/‬‬ ‫]ב ִ‪ִ /// //[/‬ב ִי ִִכ ִיִן ֵי]ום הכפורים[‬ ‫]ב[‪] ////‬בגמול חג הסכות[‬

4Q320 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

on the[ 4th (day) in ]Mijamin (falls) the Festival of Booths vacat the third (year) its festivals on the 3rd (day) in Abiah (falls) the Passah on the 1st (day) in Shekaniah (falls) the Waving of the Omer on the 5th (day) in Jaq[i]m (falls) the[ Second] Passah [ vacat on the 1st (day)] in îezir (falls) [the Festival of Weeks]

11. 12.

[on the 4th (day) in Abiah (falls) the Day of Remembrance] [on the 6th (day) in Jeshu>a (falls) the Day of Atonement]

13. 14.

[on the 4th (day) in Shekaniah (falls) the Festival of Bo]oths [the fourth (year) its festivals]

Frg. 4 Col. v 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[on the 3rd (day) in the week of the sons of Jaqi]m (falls) the Passah on the 1st (day) [in Jeshe]bab (falls) the Waving of the Omer on the[ 5th (day) in I]mmer (falls) the Second Passah [on the 1st (day) in Jak]in (falls) the [Festival] of Weeks [on the 4]th (day) in Jaqim (falls) the Day of Remembrance [on the 6th (day)] in îuppah (falls) the Day of Atonement

7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

[on the 4th (day)] in Jeshebab (falls) the Festival of Booths vacat [the fifth] (year) its festivals on the 3rd (day) in Immer (falls) the Passah [on the ]1st (day) in Happi§§e§ (falls) the Waving of the Omer

12.

[on the ]5th (day) in Jeúezqel (falls) the Second Passah

13. 14.

[on the 1st (day) in Joiar]ib (falls) the Festival of[ Weeks] [on the 4th (day) in Immer (falls) the Day of Atonement]

Frg. 4 Col. vi 1.

on the 6th (day) in îezir (falls) the Day of Atonement

2.

on the 4th (day) in Happi§§e§ (falls) the Festival of Booth[s]

3. 4. 5. 6.

vacat vacat the sixth (year) its festivals on the 3rd (day) in Jeúezqel (falls) the Passa[h]

7. 8.

on the 1st (day) in Gamul (falls) the Waving of the Omer on the 5]th (day) in Ma>aziah (falls) the[ Second] Passah

9. 10.

on the ]1st (day) in Malkiah (falls) the Festival of[ Weeks] on the ]4th (day) in Jeúezqe[l (falls) the Day of Remembrance]

11. 12.

on the 6]th (day) in Jakin (falls) [the ]D[ay of Atonement] [on the ]4th (day) [in Gamul (falls) the Festival of Booths]

23

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪4Q329a (4QMishmarot H) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]השנה הרשונה מעדיה[ ֵב]שלשה ב[שבת‬ ‫]מעזיה הפסח השני[ת ֵמ]עד[יה ]בש[לשה‬ ‫מע ֵדיה ֵב ֵש ִלשה‬ ‫]בשערים הפסח השלשי[ת ֵ‬ ‫מעדיה‬ ‫]באביה הפס[ ֵח ברבעית ֵ‬ ‫החמשית מעדיה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בשלשה ביקים הפ[סח‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Written vertically in left margin‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫בשלשה באמ]ר הפסח הששית מעדיה[‬

‫‪3. BEGINNINGS OF CALENDRICAL UNITS‬‬ ‫‪Years‬‬ ‫‪4Q330 (4QMishmarot I) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[י‬ ‫[יה‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫בחודש ִה ִר]אשון[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מימין ֵבאחד‬ ‫שנִה]‬ ‫בשבוע ששי ִ ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הח]משית[‬ ‫בש ֵנֵה ֵ‬ ‫שניה ישבאב ֵב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שנה‬ ‫[ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ֵח‪]°‬‬ ‫בחוד]ש הראשון‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ב[אחד‬ ‫טה]‬ ‫מימ[ין ש]מי[ ִ‬ ‫הראש]ון‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בחוד[ ֵש‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[חודש הראשו]ן‬

4Q330

25

4Q329a (4QMishmarot H) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov 1. 2.

[The first year, its festivals, ]o[n the third (day) in (the service)] week [of Ma>aziah (falls) the Passah; the seco]nd (year), its fest[iva]ls, [on the th]ird (day)

3.

[in (the service week of) Se>orim (falls) the Passah; the thi]rd (year), its festivals, on

4. 5.

the third (day) [in (the service week of) Abiah (falls) the Pass]ah; in the fourth (year), its festivals, [on the third (day) in (the service week of) Jaqim (falls) the Pas]sah; the fifth (year), its festivals bottom margin

Written vertically in left margin 6. on the third (day) in (the service week of Imm[er (falls) the Passah; the sixth (year), its festivals]

3. BEGINNINGS OF CALENDRICAL UNITS Years 4Q330 (4QMishmarot I) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. 2.

Mijamin (serves) on the first (day) of the fi[rst] month[ in week six (in) year[

3.

the second year

in the fi[fth] year

Jeshebab on[

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3.

] [ on] the first in the [first m]onth[ Mijam]in ’[my]Ãh[

4.

in the] fir[st mon]th[

Frg. 3 1. ] [ 2. in the] fir[st] month

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪Quarter-Years‬‬ ‫‪4Q328 (4QMishmarot F) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q329 2 (underline‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]ישב[אב בששית הפצץ אלה רשי השנים‬ ‫אליש]יב[ מועזי]ה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בשנה [ ִהראישנה גמול‬ ‫]חופה ב[שנית ]י[דעיה בלגה ש]עו[ ֵרים ח]זיר[‬ ‫אב]יה יכין[‬ ‫]בשלישית מי[ֵמ]ין[ }פתחיה{ פתחיה ִ‬ ‫יה]ויריב בחמשית[‬ ‫]ברביעית שכניה ד[ליה יקים ִ‬ ‫בש]שית הפצץ[‬ ‫]ישבאב חרים אמר [מלכיה ִ‬

‫‪Months‬‬ ‫‪4Q323 (4QMishmarot B) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫בע]שירי‬ ‫יום רב[ ֵיֵעי בח ֵז]י[ֵר] זה א[חד ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫]בארבעה בו ביאת הפ[צצ באחד] ע[שר ִב]ו ביאת פתחיה‬ ‫עשר]ים וחמשה בו‬ ‫]בשמונה עשר בו ביא[ ֵת יחזקאל ]ב[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬הע] [ ִיר ִיִת ‪]°‬‬ ‫]ביאת יכין‬ ‫ביאת‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪4Q324a (4QMishmarot D) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ש[ ֵהוא‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ז[ ֵה יום ‪ִ °‬ל]‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Inserted vertically in the margin‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫בארב]עה עשר בוא ב[ֵע]שרים ואחד[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יום] [‪ ]°‬ביאת ח[ר]ים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ושמונא בוא ביאת מלכ]יה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫עשרים‬ ‫ים] [ ִב ִ‬ ‫]בו[ ִא ֵב ֵי]א[ת ש]עור[ ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵדש העשירי ‪vac]at‬‬ ‫ֵה אחד בח ֵו ֵ‬ ‫לכ ִיִה ֵז ִ‬ ‫יום ִר ֵב ֵיֵעי ]ב[ ֵמ ִ‬ ‫ִ‬

4Q324a

27

Quarter-Years 4Q328 (4QMishmarot F) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov

1.

[Jesheb]ab; in the sixth (year) Happi§§e§; these are the leaders (heads) of the years.

2.

[In the] first [year] Gamul Eliash[ib] Mo>azia[h]

3.

[ îuppah; in] the second [Je]da>iah Bilgah Se[>o]rim îe[zir;]

4.

[in the third Mija]m[in] Petaúiah Ab[iah Jakin;]

5. 6.

[in the fourth Shekaniah De]laiah Jaqim Jeh[oiarib; in the fifth] [Jeshebab îarim Immer] Malkiah; in the si[xth Happi§§e§]

Months 4Q323 (4QMishmarot B) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov 1.

[the fou]rth [day] in (the week of service of) îez[i]r [is (coincides with) the fi]rst of

2.

the te[nth] (month); [on the fourth in it (is) the entrance of Happi]§§e§; on the elev[en]th in [it (is) the entrance of Petaúiah;

3.

[on the eighteenth in it (is) the entran]ce of Jeúezqel; [on] the twen[ty-fifth in it

4. 5.

[(is) the entrance of Jakin] the(?)] [ ] [ [ ]the entrance

4Q324a (4QMishmarot D) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Col. i 1.

wh]ich is

Inserted vertically in the margin 2. ] day [

Col. ii 1.

day[ the entrance of îa]r[im (is)] on the fou[rteenth in it (the ninth month); on the]

2.

twe[nty-first] [in i]t (is) the en[tra]nce of Se[>or]im; on the twenty-eighth in it (is) the entrance of

3.

Malki[ah;] the fourth day [in] (the week of) Malkiah (coincides with) the first of the tenth month; va[cat]

28

A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

[‫בוא ֵה ֵק]וץ‬ ֵ ‫בע]ש[ירי ביאת מי]מ[ ֵיֵן באחד עשר‬ ֵ ‫בא]רבע[ ֵה‬ ֵ

4

bottom margin

Unidentified Fragments Frg. B

Frg. A

]‫[ח ֵו ֵֵד ִש‬ ]°°°[ ]° ‫ֵעל‬

]‫[ ֵעלו‬ ] ‫[תי‬ ]‫יד‬ ֵ[

1 2

‫[ ֵם‬

3

Frg. D

1 2 3

Frg. C Col. ii

‫י ֵו]ם‬

Col. i

°[ ]‫שר‬°

Col. ii 1 2

]° ]°

Col. i

‫[ ִש ִנִ ִי ִִם‬

1 2

]vacat ]°

3 4

4. LIST OF MONTHS AND DAYS CONNECTED WITH MISHMAROT 4Q320 3 ii–4 i (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 3 Col. ii

]‫ִמ‬ ‫בזבח ִי]ם‬ ]° ‫ימים‬ [‫קדש ]הרישון װײ גמול‬ [‫השני װײ ]ידעיה‬ ]‫ הקוץ‬/]‫װײ‬ ִ ‫השלשי‬ [‫הרבעי װײ ]אלישיב‬

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Frg. 4 Col. i

[‫ [ ֵי ֵי ֵֵר ֵי]ב‬/‫]התשיעי װײ‬ ‫]העשירי װײ[ מלכיה‬ ‫]העשתי עשר װײ י[שוע‬ ‫ [ ֵיֵשבאב‬/‫]השנים עשר װײ‬ bottom margin

11 12 13 14

4Q320 4.

29

on the f[our]th of the t[e]nth (month is) the entrance of Mija[m]in; on the eleventh in it (is the entrance of) Haq[qo§.]

Unidentified Fragments Frg. B 1. ]month[ 3. ]

upon [

Frg. C Col. i 1. ]years

4. LIST OF MONTHS AND DAYS CONNECTED WITH MISHMAROT 4Q320 3 ii–4 i (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 3 Col. ii 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

[ with(?) (the) sacrifice[s days [ holy [the first (month has) 30 (days and is headed by) Gamul] the second (month has) 30 (days) [(and is headed by) Jeda>iah]

13.

the third (month has) 3[1 (days and is headed by) Haqqo§]

14.

the fourth (month has) 30 (days) [(and is headed by) Eliashib]

Frg. 4 Col. i 11. 12. 13.

[the ninth (month has) 31 (days and is headed by) ]Joiari[b] [the tenth (month has) 30 (days and is headed by)] Malkiah [the eleventh (month has) 30 (days and is headed by) Je]shu>a

14.

[the twelfth (month has) 31 (days and is headed by) ]Jeshebab

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪5. EQUATION TABLES‬‬ ‫‪4Q320 1 + 2 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the‬‬ ‫‪TOC‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫המזרח‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִלהראותה מן‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫חצית השמים ביסוד‬ ‫[ֵל]א[ ֵי ִֵר ִה]ב[ ִמ ִ‬ ‫]הבריא[ ִה מערב ִעד בוקר ב‪ \///‬בשבת‬ ‫]ג[ ֵמ ִו ִל לחודש הרישון בשנה‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫ֵה‬ ‫]הרישו[ ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫ֵה ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ִב ִװ ִײ בו‬ ‫]ב‪ \\///‬בידע[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ה[קוץ לװײ בװײ בשני‬ ‫]שבת‬ ‫]ב‪ /‬באלי[שיב ל‪ִ /// /// ///‬װ ב‪/// /// ///‬װ בשלשי‬ ‫]ב‪ ///‬בבלג[ה לװײ ב‪/////////‬װ ברביעי‬ ‫]ב‪ \///‬בפת[ ִח ִיִה ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ב‪\/// ///‬װ בחמשי‬ ‫]ב‪ /// ///‬בדליה[ ִל ִװ ִײ ב‪\/// ///‬װ בששי‬ ‫]שבת בשעורי[ם ל ִ‪ִ /////////‬װ >ל‪ִ ////////‬װ ‪
‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬ ‫באמר‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫ב‪ \\///‬לװײ ב\\\װ בעשירי‬ ‫ב‪ /// ///‬ביחזקאל ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ב\\ ִװ ִב ִע ִש ִתי ]ע[ ִש ִר‬ ‫ב\ בייריב לװײ ב\\װ בשנים עשר החדש‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫השנה השנית‬ ‫ב\\ במלכיה ל‪/// /// ///‬װ בװ ברישון‬ ‫ב‪ \///‬בישוע לװײ בװ בשני‬ ‫ב‪ \\///‬בחופא ל‪/// /// ///‬װ בײ‪ ]/////////‬בשלשי[‬ ‫שבת בפצצ לװײ בײ‪ִ \\//////‬ב ִר]ביעי[‬ ‫מוִ ִל] [ֵל]‪/// /// ///‬װ בײ‪ \//////‬בחמשי[‬ ‫ב\ ִב ִגִ ִ‬ ‫ב‪ ///‬בידעיה ִל ִװ]ײ בײ‪ \//////‬בששי[‬ ‫ב‪ \///‬במימין ִל‪/// ///]/ִ/ִ/‬װ בײ‪ \\///‬בשביעי[‬ ‫ֵב‪ /// ///‬בשכ ִניה ִל ִװ]ײ בװ‪ \\///‬בשמיני[‬ ‫ִשבת בבל]גה ל‪/// /// ///‬װ בײ‪ \///‬בתשיעי[‬ ‫]ב‪ //‬בפתחיה לװײ בײ‪ ///‬בעשירי[‬

4Q320

31

5. EQUATION TABLES 4Q320 1 + 2 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 1 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[

]to its being seen (or: appearance) from the east in ]the middle of the heavens at the foundation of [Creatio]n from evening until morning on the 4th (day) of the week (of service) [of Ga]mul in the first month in [the fir]st (solar) year vacat [on the 5th (day) in Jeda]>iah at (or: coinciding with) the 29th (day of the lunar

7.

month), on the 30th in it (the first solar month) [Sabbath in Ha]qqo§ at the 30th on the 30th in the second (solar month)

]to[ sh]ine[

8. 9. 10.

[on the 1st (day) in Elia]shib at the 29th on the 29th in the third (solar month) [on the 4th (day) in Bilga]h at the 30th on the 29th in the fourth (solar month) [on the 4th (day) in Petha]úiah at the 29th on the 27th in the fifth (solar month)

11. 12.

[on the 6th (day) in Delaiah] at the 30th on the 27th in the sixth (solar month) [Sabbath in Se>ori]m at the 29th on the 25th in the seventh (solar month)

13. 14.

[on the 2nd (day) in Abiah at the 30th] on the 25th in the eighth (solar month) [on the 3rd (day) in Jaqim at the 2[9]th on the 24th in the ninth (solar month)

Frg. 1 Col. ii

2.

on the 5th (day) in (the week of) Immer at the 30th (day of the lunar month) on the 23rd (day) in the tenth (solar month) on the 6th (day) in Jeúezqel at the 29th on the 22nd in the eleventh (solar month)

3. 4. 5. 6.

on the 1st (day) in Joiarib at the 30th on the 22nd in the twelfth (solar) month The second year vacat on the 2nd (day) in Malkiah at the 29th on the 20th in the first (solar month) on the 4th (day) in Jeshu>a at the 30th on the 20th in the second (solar month)

7.

on the 5th (day) in îuppah at the 29th on the 19th [in the third (solar month)]

1.

8.

Sabbath in Happi§§e§ at the 30th on the 18th in the fo[urth (solar month)]

9. 10.

on the 1st (day) in Gamul at the[ 29th on the 17th in the fifth (solar month)] on the 3rd (day) in Jeda>iah at the 3[0th on the 17th in the sixth (solar month)]

11. 12. 13. 14.

on the 4th (day) in Mijamin at the 2[9th on the 15th in the seventh (solar month)] on the 6th (day) in Shekaniah at the 3[0th on the 15th in the eighth (solar month)] Sabbath in Bil[gah at the 29th on the 14th in the ninth (solar month)] [on the 2nd (day) in Petaúiah at the 30th on the 13th in the tenth (solar month)]

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ב\ ִב ֵי]שוע ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ב‪ \\///‬בשביעי[‬ ‫ב‪ ///‬בחופא ֵל ֵװ ֵײ ִב‪ִ \\///‬ב ִש ִמ ֵיֵנֵי‬ ‫ב‪ \///‬בחזיר ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ב‪ \///‬בתשיעי‬ ‫ב‪ /// ///‬ביכין לװײ ב‪ ///‬בעשירי‬ ‫שבת בידעיה ל‪/// /// ///‬װ ב\\ בעשתי עשר ֵה ֵח ֵד ִש‬ ‫הח ֵד ֵש‬ ‫יוִם שנים ֵב ִש ִנִ ים עשר ִ‬ ‫ֵב ִ‪] /ֵ/‬במימי[ ֵן לװײ ִב ִ ִ‬

‫‪4Q321a (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot C) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫)‪Col. I (Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫השנה הראשונה בארבעה בגמול באחד בראשון בחמשה[‬ ‫]‬ ‫]בידעיה בשלושים בוא השנית ודוקו בששה במעוזיה בשבעה עשר בוא[‬ ‫]שבת בקוץ בשלושים בשני ודוקו באחד במלכיה בשבעה עשר[ בוא‬ ‫]באחד באלישיב בתשעה ועשרים בשלישי ודוקו[ בשנים בישוע ֵב]ששה[‬ ‫ֵעשרים ֵב ֵר ִביעי‬ ‫בשלושה בבלגא בשמונה[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫]עשר בוא‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫]ודוקו בארבעה בחופה בחמשה עשר בוא[‬ ‫]בארבעה בפתחיה בשבעה ועשרים בחמישי ודוקו בחמשה בחזי[ֵר‬ ‫בששה בדליה בשבעה ועשרים בששי[‬ ‫]בארבעה עשר בוא‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ודוקו שבת בגמול בארבעה עשר בוא‬ ‫]שבת בשעורים בחמשה ועשרים בשביעי ודוקו באחד בידעיה בשנים[‬ ‫בשנים באביה בחמשה ועשרים בשמיני ודוקו[‬ ‫]עשר בוא‬ ‫בשלושה ביקים[‬ ‫]בשלושה במימין בשנים עשר בוא‬

4Q321a

33

Frg. 2 9. 10.

on the first (day) in (the week of) Je[shu>a at the 29th (of the lunar month) on the 5th of the seventh (solar month)] on the 3rd (day) in îuppah at the 30th on the 5th in the eighth (solar month)

11.

on the 4th (day) in îezir at the 29th on the 4th in the ninth (solar month)

12. 13.

on the 6th (day) in Jakin at the 30th on the 3rd in the tenth (solar month) Sabbath in Jeda>iah at the 29th on the 2nd in the eleventh (solar) month

14.

on the 2nd (day) [in Mijami]n at the 30th on the second day in the twelfth (solar) month

4Q321a (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot C) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Col. I (Frg. 1) 2. 3.

[ The first year: On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Gamul (which falls) on the first (day) of the first (month). On the fifth (day)] [in (the week of) Jeda>iah (which falls) on the thirtieth in it (the first month) the second (occurrence of X); and duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Ma>oziah,

4.

5.

(which falls) on the seventeenth in it]. [Sabbath in (the week of) Haqqo§ (falls) on the thirtieth of the second (month); and duqo (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Malkiah, (which falls) on the seventeenth] in it. [On the first (day) in (the week of) Eliashib (which falls) on the twenty-ninth of the third (month); and duqo] (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which

7.

falls) on the [six-] [teenth in it. On the third (day) in (the week of) Bilgah (which falls) on the] twentyeig[hth] of the fourth (month), [and duqo (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the

8.

fifteenth in it]. vacat [On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Petaúiah (which falls) on the twenty-seventh in

6.

the fifth (month); and duqo (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week) of îezi]r 9. 10. 11.

[(which falls) on the fourteenth in it. On the sixth (day) in (the week of) Delaiah (which falls) on the twenty-seventh in the sixth (month)]; [and duqo (is on the) Sabbath in (the week of) Gamul (which falls) on the fourteenth in it ]. [Sabbath in (the week of) Se>orim (falls)] on the twenty-fifth of the seventh (month); and duqo (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Jeda>iah (which falls) on the twelfth]

12. 13.

[in it. On the second (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the twenty-fifth in the eighth (month); and duqo (is)] [on the third (day) in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the twelfth in it. On the third (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls)]

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪34‬‬

‫)‪Col. II (Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫בארב]עה ועשרים בתשיעי ודוקו בארבעה בשכניה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בחמשה בעשתי בשלושה ועשרים[‬ ‫באחד עשר ]בוא‬ ‫[‬ ‫בעשירי ֵו]דוקו בששה בישבאב בעשרה בוא‬ ‫בששה ִב]יחזקאל בשנים ועשרים בעשתי עשר החודש ודוקו[‬ ‫באחד ביויריב בשנים[‬ ‫שבת בפתחיה ]בתשעה בוא‬ ‫עש]ר החודש ודוקו בשנים בדליה בתשעה[‬ ‫ועשרים בשנים ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪] vacat‬‬ ‫בוא‬ ‫השנ ִי]ת החודש הראשון בשנים במלכיה בעשרים בוא ודוקו[‬ ‫בארבעה בישוע בעשרים[‬ ‫]בשלושה בחרים בשבעה בוא‬ ‫בחמשה[‬ ‫]בשני ודוקו בחמשה בקוץ בשבעה בוא‬ ‫]בחופה בתשעה עשר בשלישי ודוקו בששה באלישיב בששה בוא[‬ ‫]שבת בפצץ בשמונה עשר ברביעי ודוקו באחד באמר בחמשה[‬ ‫באחד בגמול בשבעה עשר בחמישי ודוקו בשנים[‬ ‫]בוא‬

‫)‪Col. III (Frgs. 2–4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]בעשרה בשני ודוקו בשלושה בישבאב בששה ועשרים בוא[‬ ‫]בשנים באמר בתשעה בשלישי ודוקו בחמשה בפצץ בששה וע[שרים‬ ‫בארבעה ביחזקאל בשמונה ברביעי ודוקו בששה ב[ ִגִ מול‬ ‫]בוא‬ ‫בחמשה במעוזיה בשבעה[ ִבחמישי‬ ‫]ב[ארבעה ֵו]עשרים בוא‬ ‫בשבע]ה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ש[בת במלכיה‬ ‫באח]ד בחרים בארבעה ועשרים בוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ודו[ ֵקה‬ ‫]בששי ודוקו בשנים בקוץ בשלושה ועשרים בו[ ֵא ‪vacat‬‬

4Q321a

35

Col. II (Frg. 1) 1.

4.

on the [twenty-]fou[rth in the ninth (month); and duqo (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls)] on the eleventh [in it. On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the twenty-third] in the tenth (month); and [duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the tenth in it ]. On the sixth (day) in [(the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the twenty-second in

5.

the eleventh month; and duqo (is on the)] Sabbath in (the week of) Petaúiah [(which falls) on the ninth in it. On the first (day)

2. 3.

6. 7. 8. 9.

in (the week of) Joiarib (which falls) on the twenty-] second in the twelf[th month; and duqo (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Deliah (which falls) on the ninth] in it. vacat [ ] The secon[d (year): The first month. On the second (day) in (the week of) Malkiah (which falls) on the twentieth in it; and duqo (is)] [on the third (day) in (the week of) îarim (which falls) on the seventh in it. On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which falls) on the twentieth]

10.

[in the second (month); and duqo (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Haqqo§

11.

(which falls) on the seventh in it. On the fifth (day)] [in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the nineteenth in the third (month); and

12.

duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Eliashib (which falls) on the sixth in it]. [Sabbath in (the week of) Happi§§e§ (falls) on the eighteenth in the fourth (month);

13.

and duqo (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the fifth] [in it. On the first (day) in (the week of) Gamul (which falls) on the seventeenth in the fifth (month); and duqo is on the second (day)

Col. III (Frgs. 2–4) 1. 2.

[on the tenth in the second (month); and duqo (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the twenty-sixth in it.] [On the second (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the ninth of the third (month); and duqo (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Happi§§e§ on the twe]nty[-

3.

sixth] [in it. On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the eighth in the

4.

fourth (month); and duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of)] Gamul (which falls) [on the twenty]-fourth [in it. On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Ma>oziah (which

5.

falls) on the seventh] in the fifth (month), [and du]qo (is) on the firs[t (day) in (the week of) îarim (which falls) on the twenty-

6.

fourth in it. Sa]bbath in (the week of) Malkiah falls on the seven[th] [in the sixth (month); and duqo (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Haqqo§ (which falls) on the twenty-third in i]t. vacat

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫‪36‬‬

‫בש]ביעי ודוקו בארבעה בא[ֵל]ישי[ ִב בשנים‬ ‫בחמש[ ֵה ֵ‬

‫]באחד בישוע‬ ‫ועשר]ים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫חמש]ה בשמיני ודוקו בחמשה ב[ ִבלגא‬ ‫בשלושה בחופ[ ֵה ֵב ֵ‬ ‫]בוא‬ ‫]באחד ועשרים בוא בארב[ ֵעה בחזי]ר בארבעה בתשיעי ודוקו[‬ ‫]שבת ביחזקאל באחד ועשרים בוא בששה ביכין בשלושה בעשירי[‬ ‫שבת בידעיה בשנים[‬ ‫]ודוקו באחד במעוזיה בתשעה עשר בוא‬ ‫]בעשתי עשר החודש ודוקו בשלושה בשעורים בתשעה עשר בוא [‬ ‫]בשנים במימין בשנים בשנים עשר החודש ודוקו בארבעה באביה בשמונה[‬

‫)‪Col. IV (Frgs. 5, 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫בחמשה בשעורים בשלושה ועשרים בעשירי[‬ ‫]עשר בוא‬ ‫בששה באביה בשנים[‬ ‫]ודוקו בששה בידעיה בעשרה בוא‬ ‫]ועשרים בעשתי עשר החודש ודוקו שבת בקוץ בתשעה בוא[‬ ‫]באחד בחופה בשנים ועשרים בשנים עשר החודש ודוקו בשנים[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]באלישיב בתשעה בוא‬ ‫ִה]חמישית בשנים בחזיר בעשרים בראשון ודוקו בשלושה בבלגא[‬ ‫]בארבעה ביכין[‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫בשב]עה בוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ודוִקו ִב]חמשה בפתחיה בשבעה בוא‬ ‫ב]עשרים בש[ ִני ִ ִ‬ ‫ב‬ ‫]בחמשה ביויר[ֵי ]בתשעה עשר בשלישי ודוקו בששה בדליה[‬ ‫]בששה בו[ ֵא ש]בת במימין בשמונה עשר ברביעי ודוקו באחד[‬ ‫באחד בשכניה בשבעה עשר[‬ ‫]בשעו[ֵר]ים בחמשה בוא‬ ‫[‬ ‫]בחמישי ודוקו בשנים באביה בארבעה בוא‬ ‫]בשלושה בישבאב בשבעה עשר בששי ודוקו בארבעה ביקים בארבעה[‬

4Q321a

37

7.

[On the first (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which falls) on the fif]th in the sev[enth

8.

(month); and duqo (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) E]l[iashi]b (which falls) on the twen[ty]-second [in it. On the third (day) in (the week of) îupp]ah (which falls) on the fif[th of the

9.

eighth (month); and duqo (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of)] Bilgah (which falls) [on the twenty-first in it. On the four]th (day) in (the week of) îezi[r (which falls) on

10.

the fourth of the ninth (month); and duqo (is on the)] [Sabbath (in the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the twenty-first in it. On the sixth

11.

(day) in (the week of) Jakin (which falls) on the third of the tenth (month);] [and duqo (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Ma>oziah (which falls) on the

12.

[of the eleventh month; and duqo (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) Se>orim

nineteenth in it. Sabbath in (the week of) Jeda>iah (falls) on the second]

13.

(which falls) on the nineteenth in it.] [On the second (day) in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the second (day) in the twelfth month; and duqo (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the eight- ]

Col. IV (Frgs. 5, 6) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

[eenth in it. On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Se>orim (which falls) on the twentythird in the tenth (month);] [and duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Jeda>iah (which falls) on the tenth in it. On the sixth (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the twenty-] [second in the eleventh month; and duqo (is on the) Sabbath in (the week of) Haqqo§ (which falls) on the ninth in it.] [On the first (day) in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the twenty-second of the twelfth month; and duqo (is) on the second (day)] [in (the week of) Eliashib (which falls) on the ninth in it.] The [fifth (year). On the second (day) in (the week of) îezir (which falls) on the twentieth of the first (month); and duqo (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) Bilgah (which falls)] on the sev[enth in it.] vacat [On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jakin] (which falls) on the [twentieth in the se]cond (month); and duqo (is) on the [fifth (day) in (the week of) Petaúiah (which falls) on the seventh in it.] [On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Joiar]ib (which falls) [on the nineteenth in the third (month); and duqo (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Delaiah] [(which falls) on the sixth in i]t. Sa[bbath in (the week of) Mijamin (falls) on the eighteenth in the fourth (month); and duqo (is) on the first (day)] [in (the week of) Se>o]r[im (which falls) on the fifth in it. On the first (day) in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls) on the seventeenth] [in the fifth (month); and duqo (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the fourth in it. ] [On the third (day) in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the seventeenth in the sixth (month); and duqo (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the fourth]

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪Col. V (Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫בארבעה בפ[ ֵצץ ֵב]חמשה עשר בשביעי ודוקו[‬ ‫]בוא‬ ‫]בש[ ִשה בגמו]ל בחמשה עשר בשמיני ודוקו[‬ ‫]בחמשה באמר בש[ ֵנֵים בוא‬ ‫]שבת ביכי[ ֵן בשנים בוא שבת ֵב]חרי[ם בארבעה ֵע]שר בתשיעי ודוקו באחד[‬ ‫בש]לושים ואחד בוא דוקו שנית[‬ ‫בשלושה במלכיה ֵ‬ ‫]ביוירי[ב באחד בוא‬ ‫ודוקוה] בארבעה בישוע בתשעה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בשנים בקוץ בשלושה עשר בעשירי‬ ‫בשלושה באלישיב ֵב]שנים עשר בעשתי עשר החודש‬ ‫ועשרים בוא‬ ‫ודוקו[‬ ‫ועשרים • • •‬ ‫]בחמשה בבלגא בשנים‬ ‫בששה בחופהא בתשעה עשר בוא‬ ‫עשר[‬ ‫[‬ ‫בשנ ִי ִִם ִעשר החודש ודוקו שבת ]בפצץ בשמונה ועשרים בוא‬ ‫בעשרים] בראשון ודוקו בשנים בגמול בשבעה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הש]שי[ ֵת ֵב]ש[ ֵשה בפתחיה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִבאחד ִב]מעוזיה בעשרה בשני ודוקו בשלושה בידעיה[‬ ‫]ועשרים בוא‬ ‫בשנים בשעורים בתשעה בשלישי ודוקו בחמשה[‬ ‫]בששה ועשרים בוא‬ ‫בארבעה באביה בשמונה ברביעי ודוקו[‬ ‫]במימין בששה ועשרים בוא‬ ‫]בששה בשכניה בארבעה ועשרים בוא בחמשה ביקים בשבעה בחמישי[‬

‫‪4Q324c (4QMishmarot E) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵמ ִוִאצ‪]° °‬‬ ‫י[שוע יום רביע]י‬ ‫ז[ה עש]ר‬

4Q324c

39

Col. V (Frg. 7) 1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

[in it. On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Happi]§§e§ (which falls) on the [fifteenth in the seventh (month); and duqo (is)] [on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the se]cond in it. [On the si]xth (day) in (the week of) Gamu[l (which falls) on the fifteenth in the eighth (month); and duqo] [(is on the) Sabbath in (the week of) Jaki]n (which falls) on the second in it. Sabbath in (the week of) [îari]m (falls) on the fourtee[nth in the ninth (month); and duqo (is) on the first (day)] [in (the week of) Joiari]b (which falls) on the first in it; on the third (day) in (the week of) Malkiah (which falls) on the thi[rty-first in it is a second duqo.] On the second (day) in (the week of) Haqqo§ (which falls) on the thirteenth in the tenth (month); and duqo (is) [on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which

7.

falls)] on the twenty[ninth] in it. On the third (day) in (the week of) Eliashib (which falls) on the [twelfth of the eleventh month; and duqo (is)] on the sixth (day) in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the twenty-ninth in it. [On

8.

the fifth (day) in (the week of) Bilgah (which falls) on the twelfth] in the twelfth month; and duqo (is on the) Sabbath [in (the week of) Happi§§e§ (which

9.

falls) on the twenty-eighth in it. ] The s[ix]th (year). On[ the si]xth (day) in (the week of) Petaúiah (which falls) on the

10.

twentieth (lege: tenth) [in the first (month); and duqo (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Gamul (which falls) on the twenty-] [seventh in it]. On the first (day) in [(the week of) Ma>oziah (which falls) on the

11.

(which falls)] [on the twenty-sixth in it. On the second (day) in (the week of) Se>orim (which

6.

tenth in the second (month); and duqo (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) Jeda>iah

12.

13.

falls) on the ninth (day) in the third (month); and duqo (is) on the fifth (day)] [in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the twenty-sixth in it. On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the eighth in the fourth (month); and duqo (is)] [on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls) on the twenty-fourth in it. On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the seventh in the fifth (month)]

4Q324c (4QMishmarot E) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Frg. 1 2.

Je]shu>a; the four[th] day[

3.

i]s (the) te[nth]/twe[ntieth

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 2 (formerly Mishmarot Cd 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ריש ֵו]ן‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫ש[נים ֵו]‬ ‫[ןו]‬

‫‪6. LIST OF MISHMAROT COMBINING DIFFERENT CATEGORIES‬‬ ‫‪4Q321 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot B) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫)‪Col. I (Frgs. 1, 2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ֵע ִש]רים בשמיני‬ ‫]באחד בידעיה בשני[ ֵם עשר בוא בשנים באבי]ה בחמישה[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ודוקה בשלושה[‬ ‫באר]בעה ועשרים בתשיעי ודוקה‬ ‫]במימין בשנים עשר[ ֵב ֵוֵא בשלושה ביקים ֵ‬ ‫בארבעה[‬ ‫בע ִש]ירי ודוקה‬ ‫]בשכניה בעשתי ע[ ֵש ִר בוא בחמשה באמר בשלושה וע]ש[ ִר ִי ִִם ִ‬ ‫בששה בי[ ֵשבאב‬ ‫]בעשרה בו[א ב]ש[ ִש ִה ביחזקאל בשנים ועשרים בעשתי עשר החודש ֵו]דוקה‬ ‫שבת ב[ ֵפתחה‬ ‫החודש ִו]דוקה‬ ‫בשנים עשר ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫עשרים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בש ֵנ]י[ ִם ִו‬ ‫בא ִחד ביו ִיִריב ִ‬ ‫]בתשעה בוא[ ִ‬ ‫בשני[ ֵם בדליה‬ ‫במלאכיה ֵב ֵע]שרים בוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הר ֵאשון בש ֵנ ִיִם‬ ‫]בתשעה בוא ‪ vacat‬השנה ה[ ִש ֵנ]ית[ ֵ‬ ‫ו[ ִדוקה‬ ‫בישוע ]ב[ ֵע ִשרים בשני ֵו]דוקה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בארב]ע[ ֵה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]בשלושה בחרים ב[ ֵש ֵב ֵע ֵה ִבוא‬ ‫בחמשה ב[ ֵקוץ בשבעה‬ ‫ששה] בא[ֵל]ישי[ב‬ ‫ודוִ ֵק]ה [ ִב ֵ‬ ‫]בוא בחמשה בחופה בתשעה[ עשר ִבשלישי ִ‬ ‫ֵב]ש[ ִשה] בוא שב[ ֵת ֵב ִפ ִצ ִץ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. II (Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]בשמונה עשר ברביעי ודוקה באחד באמר בחמשה[ בוא באחד ִב]גמול‬ ‫בשבעה עשר בחמישי[‬

4Q321

41

Frg. 2 1. 2.

]firs[t t]wo and[

6. LIST OF MISHMAROT COMBINING DIFFERENT CATEGORIES 4Q321 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot B) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov Col. I (Frgs. 1, 2) 1.

2.

3.

4.

[on the first (day) in (the week of) Jeda>iah (which falls) on the tw]elfth in it (the seventh month). On the second (day) in (the week of) Abia[h (which falls) on the] twen[ty-fifth in the eighth (month); and duqah (is) on the third (day)] [in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the twelfth] in it (the eighth month). On the third (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the [twenty-]four[th in the ninth (month); and duqah (is) on the fourth (day)] [in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls) on the elev]enth in it (the ninth month). On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth (month); and duqah (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Je]shebab (which falls) [on the tenth in i]t (the tenth month). On the [si]xth (day) in (the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the twenty-second in the eleventh month; and [duqah (is on the) Sabbath in] (the week of) Petaúah (which falls)

5.

6.

7.

[on the ninth in it (the eleventh month)]. On the first (day) in (the week of) Joiarib (which falls) on the twenty-sec[o]nd in the twelfth month; and [duqah (is) on the seco]nd (day) in (the week of) Delaiah (which falls) [on the ninth in it (the twelfth month). vacat The] se[cond year:] The first (month). On the second (day) in (the week of) Malakiah (which falls) on the tw[entieth in it (the first month); and] duqah (is) [on the third (day) in (the week of) H委arim (which falls) on] the seventh in it (the first month). On the fou[r]th (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which falls) [on] the twentieth in the second (month); and [duqah (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Ha]qqo§

8.

(which falls) on the seventh [in it (the second month). On the fifth (day) in (the week of) H委uppah (which falls) on the nine]teenth in the third (month); and duqa[h ](is) on the sixth (day)[ in (the week of) E]l[iashi]b (which falls) on the [si]xth[ in it (the fourth month). Sabba]th in (the week of) Happi§§e§ (which falls)

Col. II (Frg. 2) 1.

[on the eighteenth in the fourth (month); and duqah (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the fifth] in it (the fourth month). On the first (day) in (the week of) [Gamul (which falls) on the seventeenth in the fifth (month)];

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪42‬‬

‫]ודוקה בשנים בי[חז]קאל בארבעה בוא בשלושה ביד[עיה ב]שבעה עשר בששי‬ ‫ודוקה בארבעה[‬ ‫ודוקה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בע]ה במימין בחמשה עשר [בשביעי‬ ‫אר ֵ‬ ‫במעוזיה בארבעה ב ֵו ִֵא ִב ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בח]משה בשעורים בשנים[‬ ‫וא‬ ‫בוא בששה ֵבשכנ ִיִה בחמשה] עשר בשמיני ודו[ ֵקה שבת באביה בשנים ִב ֵ‬ ‫]שבת בבלגא[‬ ‫ִדוקה ]באחד בחופה באחד[ בתשיעי ֵו]דוק[ ֵה שנית‬ ‫ִבארבעה ִעשר בתשיעי ִו ִ‬ ‫בשלושה ֵב]חזיר בשלושים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫וד ִו ֵקה בארבע]ה בי[כין‬ ‫ואחד ֵב]וא ב[ ֵשנים בפתחיה בש]לושה עשר בעשירי[ ֵ‬ ‫ועש]רים בוא[‬ ‫בתשעה ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫קה בששה יויר]יב‬ ‫בעשת]י עשר החודש ודו[ ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שנים עשר‬ ‫ֵב]שלושה בדלי[ ֵה ֵב ִ‬ ‫ועש ֵרים ִב]וא בחמשה בחרים[‬ ‫עה ֵ‬ ‫בת[ ֵש ֵ‬ ‫בת] ב[ ֵמ ִיִמין ֵבשמונה ועשרים‬ ‫ודוק]ה [ ֵש ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫עש ִר החודש‬ ‫בש]ני[ֵם] [ ִעשר בשנים ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בו[א ‪ vacat‬השלישית ֵב]ששה בקוץ בעשרה[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. III (Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫]בראשון ודוקה בשנים בשכניה בשבעה ועשרים בוא באחד ביקים בעשרה‬ ‫בשני ודוקה בשלושה בישבאב בששה ועשרים בוא בשנים באמר[‬ ‫]בתשעה בשלישי ודוקה בחמשה בפצץ בששה ועשרים בוא בארבעה‬ ‫ביחזקאל בשמונה ברביעי ודוקה בששה בגמול בארבעה ועשרים בוא‬ ‫בחמשה[‬ ‫ֵא שבת‬ ‫]במעוזיה בשבעה בחמישי ודוק[ ִה באחד ִב ֵח ֵר]ים בארבעה ועשרי[ ֵם ֵב ֵו ֵ‬ ‫במ ֵל ִא]כיה בשבעה בששי ודוקה בשנים בקוץ בשלושה[‬ ‫ִ‬

4Q321 2.

43

[and duqah is on the second (day) in (the week of) Je]úez[qel (which falls) on the fourth in it (the fifth month). On the third (day) in (the week of) Jed]a>iah (which

3.

falls) on the [seventeenth in the sixth (month); and duqah (is) on the fourth (day)] in (the week of) Ma>oziah, (which falls) on the fourth in it (the sixth month). On the four[th (day) in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the fifteenth] in the seventh (month); and duqah (is) on the fi[fth (day) in (the week of) Se>orim, (which falls) on

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

the second] in it (the seventh month). On the sixth (day) in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls) on the fif[teenth in the eighth (month); and du]qah (is on the) Sabbath in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the second in it (the eighth month). [Sabbath in (the week of) Bilgah (falls)] on the fourteenth in the ninth (month); and (the first) duqah (is) [on the first (day) in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the first] in the ninth (month), and a second [duqa]h (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) [H委ezir (which falls) on the thirty-] first in i[t (the ninth month). On the] second (day) in (the week of) Petaúiah (which falls) on the thi[rteenth in the tenth (month)]; and duqah (is) on the four[th (day) in (the week of) Ja]kin (which falls) on the twe[nty]-ninth [in it (the tenth month)]. On the [third (day) in (the week of) Delaia]h (which falls) on the twelfth in the eleven [th month; and du]qah (is) on the sixth (day in the week of) Joiar[ib (which falls) on the] twenty-[ni]nth in i[t (the eleventh month). On the fifth (day) in (the week of) îarim (which falls)] on the tw[el]fth in the twelfth month; and duqa[h] (is on the) Sabbath [in] (the week of) Mijamin (which falls) on the twenty-eighth [in i]t (the twelfth month). vacat The third (year) On the [sixth (day) in (the week of) Haqqo§ (which falls) on the tenth]

Col. III (Frg. 3) 1.

2.

[in the first (month); and duqah (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Shekaniah (which falls) on the twenty-seventh in it (the first month). On the first (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the tenth in the second (month); and duqah (is) on the third (day) in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the twenty-sixth in it (the second month). On the second (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls)] [on the ninth of the third (month); and duqah (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Happi§§e§ on the twenty-sixth in it (the third month). On the fourth (day) in (the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the eighth in the fourth (month); and duqah (is) on the

3.

sixth (day) in (the week of) Gamul (which falls) on the twenty-fourth in it (the fourth month). On the fifth (day)] [in (the week of) Ma>oziah (which falls) on the seventh in the fifth (month); and duqa]h (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) H委ar[im (which falls) on the twent]y[fourth] in it (the fifth month). Sabbath in (the week of) Mala[kiah falls on the seventh (day) in the sixth (month); and duqah (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Haqqo§ (which falls) on the twenty-]

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪44‬‬

‫בשנים‬ ‫באלישיב ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ועשרים בוא באחד בישוע בחמשה [בשביעי ודוקה בארבעה‬ ‫ועש]רים בוא בשלושה בחופה בחמשה בשמיני ודוקה בחמשה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫רבעה בחזיר בארבעה בתשיעי ודוקה שבת‬ ‫]בבלגא באחד ועשרים בו[ ֵא ֵב ֵא ִ‬ ‫י]חזקאל באחד ועשרים בוא בששה ביכין בשלושה בעשירי[‬ ‫]ודוקה באחד במעוזיה בתשע[ ִה עשר בוא שבת בידעיה בשנים בעשתי ֵע ֵשר‬ ‫החודש ודוקה ]בשלושה בשעורים בתשעה עשר בוא בשנים במימין[‬ ‫]בשנים בשנים עשר החודש ודו[קה בארבעה באביה בשמונה עשר בוא ‪vacat‬‬ ‫הרביעית בארבעה בשכנ]יה באחד בראשון השנית בחמשה בישבאב בשלושים‬ ‫בוא[‬ ‫]ודוקה בששה ביקים בשבעה עשר ב[ ֵראישוןִִ שבת ]בפ[תחיה בשלושים בשני‬ ‫באחד בח ֵז]יר בשבעה עשר בוא באחד בדליה בתשעה ועשרים[‬ ‫ודוקה ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. IV (Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫וע]שרי[ ֵם‬ ‫אר]בעה[ ֵ‬ ‫]בחמשה ביקים בשבעה בחמישי וד[וקה באחד ֵב]בלג[ ִא ִב ֵ‬ ‫בשבע]ה[‬ ‫ֵב ֵו]א[ שבת בחזיר ֵ‬ ‫בחמשה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באחד ביכין‬ ‫]בששי ודוקה בשנים בפתחיה[ בשלושה ועשרים בוא ִ‬ ‫בארבעה‬ ‫בשביעי ודוקה ִ‬ ‫בשמינִ י ִוִדוקה בחמשה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בחמשה‬ ‫]בדליה בשנים ועשרים [בוא בשלושה ביויריב ֵ‬ ‫בחר ִיִם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]באחד ועשרים בוא באר[בעה במלאכיה בארבעה בתשיעי ודוקה שבת באביה‬ ‫באחד‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באחד ִב ִי ִֵק ִיִם בתשעה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ועשרים בוא בששה בי[ ֵשוִִ ]ע ב[ ֵשלושה בעשירי ודוקה‬ ‫עשר ֵב]וא[‬ ‫ִ‬

4Q321 4.

45

[third in it (the sixth month). On the first (day) in (the week of) Jeshu>a (which falls) on the fifth] in the seventh (month); and duqah (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Eliashib (which falls) on the twe[nty]-second [in it (the seventh month). On the third (day) in (the week of) îuppah (which falls) on the fifth of the eighth (month);

5.

and duqah (is) on the fifth (day)] [in (the week of) Bilgah (which falls) on the twenty-first in] it [(the eighth month).] On the fourth (day) in (the week of) îezir (which falls) on the fourth of the ninth (month); and duqah (is on the) Sabbath (in the week of) Je[úezqel (which falls) on the

6.

twenty-first in it (the ninth month). On the sixth (day) in (the week of) Jakin (which falls) on the third of the tenth (month);] [and duqah (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Ma>oziah (which falls) on the nin]eteenth in it (the tenth month). Sabbath in (the week of) Jeda>iah (falls) on the second of the eleventh month; and duqah (is) [on the third (day) in (the week of) Se>orim (which falls) on the nineteenth in it (the eleventh month). On the second

7.

8.

(day) in (the week of) Mijamin (which falls)] [on the second (day) in the twelfth month; and du]qah (is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the eighteenth in it (the twelfth month). vacat The fourth (year): (The first X is) on the fourth (day) in (the week of) Shekan[iah (which falls) on the first of the first (month); the second (is) on the fifth (day) in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the thirtieth in it (the first month);] [and duqah (is) on the sixth (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the seventeenth of the] first (month). Sabbath [in (the week of) Pe]taúiah (falls) on the thirtieth of the second (month); and duqah (is) on the first (day) in (the week) of H委ez[ir (which falls) on the seventeenth in it (the second month). On the first (day) in (the week of) Delaiah (which falls) on the twenty-ninth]

Col. IV (Frg. 4) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

[On the fifth (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the seventh in the fifth (month); and d]uqah (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) [Bilg]ah on the [t]went[y-] fou[rth] in i[t (the fifth month)]. Sabbath in (the week of) îezir (which falls) on the seven[th] [in the sixth (month); and duqah (is) on the second (day) in (the week of) Petaúiah] on the twenty-third in it (the sixth month). On the first (day) in (the week of) Jakin (which falls) on the fifth in the seventh (month); and duqah is on the fourth (day) [in (the week of) Delaiah on the twenty-second] in it (the seventh month). On the third (day) in (the week of) Joiarib (which falls) on the fifth in the eighth (month); and duqah is on the fifth (day) in (the week of) îarim [on the twenty-first in it (the eighth month). On the fo]urth (day) in (the week of) Malakiah (which falls) on the fourth in the ninth (month); and duqah (is on the) Sabbath in (the week of) Abiah (which falls) on the [twenty-] first [in it (the ninth month). On the sixth (day) in (the week of) Je]shu[>a (which falls) on the] third in the tenth (month); and duqah (is) on the first (day) in (the week of) Jaqim (which falls) on the nineteenth in i[t] (the tenth month).

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪46‬‬

‫בשל]ושה באמר בת[שעה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]שבת בישבאב בשנים בעשתי ע[ ִש ִר ֵה ִחודש וד ִוקה‬ ‫עשר בוא‬ ‫בארב]עה ביחזק[אל בשמו ִנִה‬ ‫]בשנים בפצץ בשנים בשנים[ עשר החודש ִוִ דוקה ִ‬ ‫עש]ר[‬ ‫החוד]ש הראש[ ֵו ֵן ֵב ֵג]מול בשלו[ ֵשה במו]עזיה[ ִב ִו ִֵא‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בוא ‪ vacat‬השנה הרא[ ִשונה‬ ‫ים ]בוא הפסח השני‬ ‫וִר ֵ‬ ‫]הפסח בידעיה בוא הנף העומר השני בידעיה ב[ ֵש ִע ִ ִ‬ ‫השלישי בקוץ[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. V (Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫החמיש]י[ ֵב ֵב]לגא הששי‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫השב ִוִ ֵע]ים הרבי[ֵע]י באלי[ ֵש ִי ִֵב‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יש ֵו ִֵע ִב ִוִא חג‬ ‫ֵב ֵ‬ ‫השב ִי]עי[‬ ‫ֵק]אל[ ִ‬ ‫ביח[ ֵז ֵ‬ ‫וא] חג ה[ ִס ִוִכ ִוִת‬ ‫הכפורים בידעיה ִב ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הזכר ִוִ ן ביוי ִריב בוא יום‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יום‬ ‫במועזיה הואה ִ‬ ‫השמיני ]בשעורים[‬ ‫עשר ִהחודש‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫העשירי בחופה ִעשתי עשר החודש בחזיר שנים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫התשיעי בישוע‬ ‫ִבגמול ]‪[vacat‬‬ ‫בידע ִי]ה[ ִב ִשעורים בוא הפסח ֵב]מ[ימי ֵן] ב[ ִוִא הנף ִהעומר הִשני‬ ‫השנית הראשון ִ‬ ‫במ]ימין באביה[‬ ‫בועים ]ה[ ֵר ֵב ִיִעי‬ ‫הש ִ‬ ‫חגִ ֵ‬ ‫וִא הפסח השני ִה]שלישי בא[ ִל]ישיב[ ִוִ ִב ֵח ִוִ ]פה[ ֵבוא ִ‬ ‫ִב ִ ִ‬ ‫החמישי ִב ֵפ]ת[ ֵח ִי ִִה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵא‬ ‫]בב[ ִל ֵג ִ‬ ‫במלאכיה ]בוא יום‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]הששי במועזיה השביעי בשעורים הואה י[ ֵו ִֵם הזכרון‬ ‫במימין‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ה[ֵכ]פ[ ֵוֵרים‬ ‫ֵכות ]השמיני באביה התשיעי ב[חופה העשירי בח ִזיר ִע]שתי עשר[‬ ‫]בוא חג[ ֵה ִס ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ביכין‬ ‫ֵהחודש ִ‬

4Q321 6.

7.

8.

9.

47

[Sabbath in (the week of) Jeshebab (which falls) on the second of the eleven]th month; and duqah (is) on the thi[rd (day) in (the week of) Immer (which falls) on the nin]eteenth in it (the eleventh month). [On the second (day) in (the week of) Happi§§e§ (which falls) on the second in the twe]lfth month; and duqah (is) on the four[th (day) in (the week of) Jeúezqel (which falls) on the eighteen[th] [in it (the twelfth month). vacat [The fir]st [year]: (The first day of) [the fir]st mo[nth] (falls) in (the week of) Ga[mul; on the th]ird (day) in (the week of) Mo[>aziah] in it (falls) [the Passah; in (the week of) Jeda>iah in it (falls) the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) second (month falls) in (the week of) Jeda>iah; in] (the week of) Se>orim [in it (falls) the Second Passah. The (first day of the) third (month falls) in (the week of) Haqqo§]

Col. V (Frg. 4) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

in (the week of) Jeshu>a in it (falls) the Feast of Week[s. The (first day of the) fou]r[th (month falls) in (the week of) Elia]shib. The (first day of the) fif[th (month falls)] in (the week of) Bi[lgah. The (first day of the) sixth (month falls) in (the week of) Jeúe]zq[el.] The (first day of the) seve[nth (month falls)] in (the week of) Mo>aziah, this is the Day of Remembrance; in (the week of) Joarib in it (falls) the Day of Atonement; in (the week of) Jeda>iah in it (falls) [the Feast of] Booths. The (first day of the) eighth (month falls) [in (the week of) Se>orim.] The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in (the week of) Jeshu>a. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls) in (the week of) îuppah. The (first day of the) eleventh month (falls) in (the week of) îezir. The (first day of the) twelfth month (falls) in (the week of) Gamul. [vacat] The second (year): The (first day of the) first (month falls) in (the week of) Jeda>ia[h]; in (the week of) Se>orim in it (falls) the Passah; in (the week of) [Mi]jamin [in] it (falls) the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) second (month falls) in Mi[jamin; in (the week of) Abiah] in it (falls) the Second Passah. The (first day of the) [third (month falls) in (the week of E]l[iashib]; and in (the week of) îu[ppah] in it (falls) the Festival of Weeks. [The] (first day of the) fourth (month falls) [in (the week of) Bi]lgah. The (first day of the) fifth (month falls) in (the week of) Pe[ta]úiah. [The (first day of the) sixth (month falls) in (the week of) Mo>aziah. The (first day of the) seventh (month falls) in (the week of) Se>orim; this is the Da]y of Remembrance; in (the week of) Malakiah [in it (falls) the Day of] A[to]nement; in (the week of) Mijamin [in it (falls) the Festival of] Booths. [The (first day of the) eighth (month falls) in (the week of) Abiah. The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in] (the week of) îuppah. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls) in (the week of) îezir. The (first day of the) e[leventh] month (falls) in (the week of) Jakin.

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪48‬‬

‫הראש]ו[ ִן ֵב]מימי[ ִן באביה בוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הח]וד[ ֵש ]בידעיה ‪ vacat‬ה[שלישית‬ ‫]שני[ ֵם ִעשר ֵ‬ ‫ֵם בוא הפסח ]הש[ני‬ ‫ֵק ֵי ֵ‬ ‫בשכנִ יה ֵב ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בש ִכ ֵנ]י[ ִה ִבוא הנף העומר ֵה ֵש]ני[‬ ‫ֵהפסח ִ‬ ‫בח ִז ִיִר‬ ‫השלישי בבלגא ֵ‬

‫)‪Col. VI (Frgs. 4, 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫עורים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫שבוע]ים הרביע[ ֵי ב]פתחיה החמישי בדליה הששי בש[‬ ‫]בוא חג [ ִה ֵ‬ ‫ֵם] הזכרון בישוע[‬ ‫]הואה י[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫]השביעי באביה[ בוא י]ום כפורים[‬ ‫]בשכני[ה בוא חג ֵה]ס[ ִוִכ ִוִת ִה ֵש]מיני ביקים התשיעי בחזיר העשירי ב[יכין‬ ‫עש]תי עשר החודש ב[יויריב] שנים[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵע ֵש]ר[ ִהחודש ב]מי[ ֵמ ִיִן ] ‪ vacat‬הרביעית הראשון בשכניה ביקים בוא ה[ֵפ]סח‬ ‫בישבאב בוא הנף העומר השני[‬ ‫יש]י בפתחיה ביכין בוא חג[‬ ‫ביש]בא[ ִב ב]אמר בוא הפסח השני הש[ ִל ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ה]שבועים הרביעי בדליה[‬ ‫ביע ֵי ִב ִי ִִק ִי]ם הואה יו[ם ]הזכרון ‪[ vacat‬‬ ‫]החמישי[ ֵב ֵח]רי[ ֵם ֵה]ששי באביה הש[ ִ‬ ‫ֵב ֵח ִו ִפ ֵה ]בוא יום הכפורים בישבאב בוא חג[‬ ‫חו]דש[‬ ‫באמר] [ ֵה ִתשיעי ב]יכין העשירי ביויריב עש[ ֵת ֵי עשר ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]הסוכו[ ֵת השמיני‬ ‫ֵב ִמ]לאכיה שנים עשר החודש[‬ ‫הפס ֵח ִב ִפ]צץ בו[ ֵא ֵהנף‬ ‫הר]אשון[ ֵב]ישבאב באמר [בוא ֵ‬ ‫]בשכניה[ החמישית ֵ‬ ‫הש]ני בפצץ[ ִב ֵי ִֵחזקאל בוא‬ ‫העומר ֵ‬

4Q321 8.

9.

49

The (first day of the) [tw]elfth m[on]th (falls) [in (the week of) Jeda>iah. vacat The] third (year): The (first day of the) fir[s]t (month falls) in (the week of) [Mijami]n. In (the week of) Abiah in it (falls) the Passah; in (the week of) Shekan[i]ah in it (falls) the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) sec[ond] (month falls) in (the week of) Shekaniah; in (the week of) Jaqim in it (falls) [the Sec]ond Passah. The (first day of the) third (month falls) in (the week of) Bilgah. In (the week of) îezir

Col. VI (Frgs. 4, 5) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

[in it (falls)] the [Festival] of We[eks. The (first day of the) four]th (month falls) in (the week of) [Petaúiah. The (first day of the) fifth (month falls) in (the week of) Delaiah. The (first day of the) sixth (month falls) in (the week of) Se]>orim. [The (first day of the) seventh (month falls) in (the week of) Abiah;] [this is the D]ay [of Remembrance; in (the week of) Jeshu>a] in it (falls) the D[ay of Atonem]ent; [in (the week of) Shekania]h in it (falls) the Festival of [B]ooths. The (first day in the) ei[ghth (month falls) in (the week of) Jaqim. The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in (the week of) îezir. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls) in] (the week of) Jakin. The (first day of the) el[eventh month (falls) in] (the week of) Joiarib. [The (first day of the) twe]lf[th] month (falls) in (the week of) [Mij]amin. [vacat The fourth (year): The (first day of the) first (month falls) in (the week of) Shekaniah; in (the week of) Jaqim in it (falls) the ]Pa[ssah; in (the week of) Jeshebab in it (falls) the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) second (month falls)] in (the week of) Jesh[eba]b; in (the week of) [Immer in it (falls) the Second Passah. The (first day of the) th]ir[d (month falls) in (the week of) Petaúiah; in (the week of) Jakin in it (falls) the Festival] of [Weeks. The (first day of the) fourth (month falls) in (the week of) Delaiah.] [The (first day of the) fifth (month falls)] in (the week of) îa[ri]m. The [(first day of the) sixth (month falls) in (the week of) Abiah. The (first day of the) se]venth (month falls) in (the week of) Jaqi[m; this is the Da]y [of Remembrance; vacat] in (the week of) îuppah [in it (falls) the Day of Atonement; in (the week of) Jeshebab in it (falls) the Festival] [of Boo]ths. The (first day of the) eighth (month falls) in (the week of) Immer.[ ]The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in (the week of) [Jakin. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls) in (the week of) Joiarib. The (first day of the) elev]enth mo[nth vacat (falls) in (the week of) Ma[lakiah. The (first day of the) twelfth month] [(falls) in (the week of) Shekaniah.] The fifth (year): The (first day of the) f[irst] (month falls) in (the week of) [Jeshebab; in (the week of) Immer] in it (falls) the Passah; in (the week of) Happi[§§e§ in] it [(falls)] the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) se[cond (month falls) in (the week of) Happi§§e§]; in (the week of) Jeúezqel in it (falls)

‫‪A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫הפס ֵח ]ה[ ֵש ֵנ ֵי השלישי ֵב]דליה ביויריב בוא חג הש[ ִבועים ה ֵר]ביעי[ בחרים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫החמישי בק]ו[ֵץ] הש[שי ביקים השביעי‬ ‫הזכר]ון בחזיר בוא יום הכפורים בפ[צץ בוא חג הסכ ֵו ִֵת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫באמר הואה יום‬ ‫יויר]יב[ העשירי‬ ‫השמי ֵנ ֵי ֵב ֵיֵחזקאל התשיעי ִב ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Col. VII (Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫]במלאכיה עשתי עשר החודש בישוע שנים עשר החודש בישבאב‬ ‫הששית הראשון בפצץ[‬ ‫]ביחזקאל בוא הפסח בגמול בוא הנף העומר השני בגמול במועזיה בוא‬ ‫הפסח השני[‬ ‫]השלישי בחרים במלאכיה בוא חג השבועים הרביעי בקוץ החמישי באלישיב‬ ‫הששי[ ב]אמר[‬ ‫]השביעי ביחזקאל הואה יום הזכרון ביכין בוא יום הכפורים בגמול בוא[ ֵח ֵג‬ ‫]הסכות[‬ ‫עש]ר ה[חודש‬ ‫]השמיני במועזיה התשיעי במלאכיה העשירי בישוע[ ֵע ִש ֵת ֵי ֵ‬ ‫בחופה‬ ‫]שנים עשר החודש בפצץ[‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪4Q329 (4QMishmarot G) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben Dov,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q324i 1 (underline‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]גמול דליה מעוזיה יויריב [ידעיה חרים שעו]רים מלכיה מימין[‬ ‫יק ִי ִִם חופא ]ישבאב בלגה אמר[‬ ‫]הקוץ אביה ישוע שכניה [ ֵא ִלישיב ִ‬ ‫]חזיר הפצץ פתחיה יחז[ ֵקאל יכ]ין[‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

4Q329 8.

51

[the] Second Passah. The (first day of the) third (month falls) in (the week of) [Delaiah; in (the week of) Joiarib in it (falls) the Festival of W]eeks. The (first day of the) fo[urth] (month falls) in (the week of) îarim. The (first day of the) fifth (month falls) in (the week of) Haqq[o]§. [The (first day of the) si]xth (month falls) in (the

9.

week of) Jaqim. The (first day of the) seventh (month falls) in (the week of) Immer; this is the Day of Remembr[ance. In (the week of) îezir in it (falls) the Day of Atonement; in (the week of) Happi]§§e§ in it (falls) the Festival of Booths. The (first day of the) eighth (month falls) in (the week of) Jeúezqel. The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in (the week of) Joiar[ib]. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls)

Col. VII (Frg. 5) 1.

[in (the week of) Malakiah. The (first day of the) eleventh month (falls) in (the week of) Jeshu>a. The (first day of the) twelfth month (falls) in (the week of) Jeshebab. vacat

2.

[in (the week of) Jeúezqel in it (falls) the Passah; in (the week of) Gamul in it (falls)

The sixth (year): The (first day of the) first (month falls) in (the week of) Happi§§e§;] the Waving of the Omer. The (first day of the) second (month falls) in (the week of) Gamul; in (the week of) Mo>aziah in it (falls) the Second Passah.] 3.

[The (first day of the) third (month falls) in (the week of) îarim; in (the week of) Malakiah in it (falls) the Festival of Weeks. The (first day of the) fourth (month falls) in (the week of) Haqqo§. The (first day of the) fifth (month falls) in (the week of)

4.

Eliashib. The (first day of the) sixth (month falls)] in (the week of) [Immer.] [The (first day of the) seventh (month falls) in (the week of) Jeúezqel; this is the Day

5.

of Remembrance; in (the week of) Jakin in it (falls) the Day of Atonement; in (the week of) Gamul in it (falls) the] Festival [of Booths]. [The (first day of the) eighth (month falls) in (the week of) Mo>aziah. The (first day of the) ninth (month falls) in (the week of) Malakiah. The (first day of the) tenth (month falls) in (the week of) Jeshu>a. The] (first day of the) eleven[th] month (falls) in (the week of) îuppah.

6.

[The (first day of the) twelfth month (falls) in (the week of) Happi§§e§.]

4Q329 (4QMishmarot G) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben Dov Frg. 1 1.

[Gamul Delaiah Ma>oziah Joiarib] Jeda>iah îarim Se>o[rim Malkiah Mijamin]

2.

[Haqqo§ Abiah Jeshu>a Shekaniah] Eliashib Jaqim îuppah [Jeshebab Bilgah Immer]

3.

[ îezir Happi§se§ Petaúiah Jeúez]qel Jak[in

A. CALENDRICAL TEXTS CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

52

Frg. 2a, b Parallel: 4Q328 (underline)

[‫שעורים ]חזיר השלישית מימין פתחיה אביה יכין‬ [‫ויריב ]החמשית ישבאב‬ ֵ ‫השלישית ]שכניה דליה יקי[ ִם י‬ [‫אמר] מלכיה הששית[ ִהפצץ הקוִִ ]ץ יחזקאל ישוע‬ ֵ ‫]ח[ ֵרים‬ [‫הרישו]ן‬ [‫ֵה יויריב ֵב]שני ידעיה‬ ֵ ‫ֵה בחו]דש גמול דליה מעוז[ ֵי‬ ֵ ‫הריש[ ֵו ֵנ‬ [‫]חרים שעורים מלכיה מימין ב[ ִש ִלישי ֵה]קוץ אביה ישוע‬

1 2 3 4 5

4Q324f (4QcryptA Liturgical Calendarc?) ed. M. Abegg (cf. DJD XXI, 2001, pl. LXI) Frg. 2

Frg. 1

]‫[ עש‬

]‫סו‬°[

1

Frg. 4

1

Frg. 3

] ‫[ן‬ ]°‫ב‬°[

] ‫ ר‬°[ ]°‫ב‬° °[ ]°°[

1 2

1 2 3

4Q324g (4QcryptA Cal. Doc. F?) ed. M. Abegg (cf. DJD XXI, 2001, pl. LXII for 4Q324g–h) Frg. 1

Frg. 2

] ‫שת‬°[

]‫שבת‬°[

1

1

4Q324h (4QcryptA Cal. Doc. G?) ed. M. Abegg Frg. 2

Frg. 1

]°°[

1

]°°°[

1

Frg. 4

]°°[

1

]°°°[

1

]°‫[ת‬

1

]‫ש‬°[

1

]‫אד‬ ִ [

1

Frg. 3

Frg. 6

Frg. 5

]°[ ]°[

1 2

Frg. 7

Frg. 8

]°[

1

Frg. 10

Frg. 9

]°[ ]‫[ ג‬

1 2

4Q324h

53

Frg. 2a, b 1.

Se>orim [H委ezir; the third (year) Mijamin Petaúiah Abiah Jakin];

2. 3.

the third (year) [Shekaniah Delaiah Jaqi]m Joiarib: [the fifth (year) Jeshebab] [H委]arim Immer [Malkiah; the sixth (year)] Happi§§e§ Haqqo[§ Jeúezqel Jeshu>a.]

4.

The fir]st (year) in the firs[t] mo[nth Gamul Delaiah Ma>ozi]ah Joiarib; in [the second

5.

[H委arim Se>orim Malkiah Mijamin; in] the third Ha[qqo§ Abiah Jeshu>a]

Jeda>iah]

4Q324h (4QcryptA Cal. Doc. G?) ed. M. Abegg Frg. 12

Frg. 11

]‫[ומ‬ ]‫בר‬ ֵ [

1 2

]‫[ ֵא ֵת‬

1

54

B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

1. TABLES OF FESTIVALS AND SABBATHS 4Q324d (4QcryptA Liturgical Calendara) ed. M. Abegg (cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pls. LIX–LXI) Frg. 1

] °‫ ה‬°[

1

Frg. 2

]‫[ִש‬

‫בש[ ִלוש ֵי]ם בו שבת‬ ‫שב]ת‬ ֵ ‫בארעה] עשר [ ֵבו‬ ִ °[ ‫עשר בו חג‬ ֵ ‫[ ִבחמשה‬ ]°°[ ]°°°[ ]‫ו‬°[ ]°°°°[ ‫השבועים‬

1 2 3 4

Frg. 3 Col. i

°[ ‫ש‬ ‫ שלו ים‬°[

1 2

Frg. 3 Col. ii

°°[ ]‫י ִב‬°[ ]‫ב[ו שבת ִה‬ ‫קופ]ה‬ ִ ‫י[ום הרב]יעי [ ֵת‬ ]‫[עשר בו י ֵו]ם ה[ ֵכפורים‬ ‫עש ִר] ב[ו שבת ִב]חמשה עשר בו‬ ֵ ‫באחד‬ Frg. 5

1 2 3 4a 4

Frg. 4

]‫ ִה‬°[ ]‫[ ֵחמשי‬

]°‫[ו‬ ‫תקופ]ה‬ ִ [ ]°° ‫שב ֵת‬ ֵ [

1 2

Frg. 7 Col. i

1 2 3

Frg. 6

°°°°‫[ו‬ ‫ֵעי‬ ֵ ‫[שב ֵי‬ ‫שת]י‬ ִ [‫בע‬

1 2 3

Frg. 7 Col. ii

] ‫עה‬°[ ]‫בו שב[ת ב‬ ‫מוע[ ִד היצ]הר‬

1 2 3

Frg. 7 Col. i left margin

‫ושמו]נה‬ ‫יום הש]ני‬ ‫יום ר]ביעי‬

1 2 3

‫חש[ ִבנ ֵוֵת ִהימים‬

0

‫‪4Q324e‬‬

‫‪55‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬ש]‬ ‫ר[ ִביעי ב]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°‬שי]‬ ‫[י תקופה]‬ ‫באח]ד [‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵו]‬ ‫[ושל]ושה‬ ‫שה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[יו]ם‬ ‫חג [ ֵהאסף ‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[ארבע]ה‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵשבת ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬שבת] [ ֵב ִע‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4Q324e (4QcryptA Liturgical Calendarb) ed. M. Abegg‬‬ ‫)‪(cf. DJD XXVIII, 2001, pls. LIX–LXI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ִם ‪]°‬‬ ‫של]‬ ‫[ני בו ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬עש‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[שש ]‬ ‫חמיש]י‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 4a‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִעשרי]ם‬ ‫[ניבו]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪]°°°‬‬ ‫וש‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4b‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫ע[ ֵשרים]‬ ‫ש[ ֵמונה]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[בשמ]ונה‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ש‪ִ °‬ת]‬ ‫[ב‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫אח[ ִד ב]ו‬ ‫[ ֵשבת]‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫רב]עה‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמו‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ש[בת ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ר‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ת‪] °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[בו שבת]‬

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]° °°°‬‬ ‫[שבת‪]°‬‬ ‫[ב‪]°‬‬

‫‪56‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ִש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ גש]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪4Q326 (4QCalendrical Document C) ed. S. Talmon with‬‬ ‫‪J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ברביע]י בו שבת בשמיני בו מועד המלואים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באחד‬ ‫באײ‪ /‬בו ִש ִב]ת בײ‪ \///‬בו הפסח יום שלישי בײ‪ \////‬בו[‬ ‫רביע]י בײ‪ \///////‬בו שבת בװ‪ /////‬בו[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫חגִִ המצות יום‬ ‫שבת בװ‪ \/////‬בו מועד ִש]עורים אחר השבת החדש הראשון[‬ ‫בוִא] שבת בתשיעי בוא שבת בײ‪[\/////‬‬ ‫]ב[ ֵו װײ ‪ vacat‬בשני ִ ִ‬

‫)‪4Q394 1–2 (4QCalendrical Document D; formerly 4Q327‬‬ ‫‪ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI; for frgs. 3–10‬‬ ‫‪(4QMMT), see part 3‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫]ו[ ֵא ֵח]ד[‬ ‫]עשר[‬ ‫]ב[ו ֵשבת‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬ ‫שרים‬ ‫]ב[ ֵע ִ‬ ‫ִב ִעשרים‬ ‫ושמונה‬ ‫ושלושה‬ ‫ב]ו[ שבת‬ ‫שבת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בו‬ ‫]ב[ ִש ִל]ושי[ם עליו אחר‬ ‫השבת‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬ ‫ֵו]יו[ ֵם הש ִנ]י‬ ‫]בשבעה[‬ ‫]ויום נוסף[‬ ‫]בשלישי[‬ ‫]ושלמה[‬ ‫]שבת[‬ ‫]בארבעה עשר[ ]התקופה[‬ ‫]תשעים[‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬ ‫]בחמשה עשר[ ]ואחד[‬ ‫]יום[‬ ‫]בו חג[‬ ‫]בארבעה[‬ ‫]השבועים[‬ ‫]ברביעי[‬ ‫]בעשרים[‬

‫‪Col. iii‬‬

‫‪Col. iv‬‬

‫]בתשעה[‬ ‫]ש[ב]ת[‬ ‫בע]שתי עשר[ ]בו שבת[‬ ‫]ב[שש ִאשר‬ ‫בו שבת‬ ‫בו שבת‬ ‫בשםונה‬ ‫עשר בו שבת בעשרם‬ ‫ושלושא‬ ‫בעשרים‬ ‫ִב ֵו ִשבת‬ ‫וחםשה‬ ‫ֵם‬ ‫ֵש ֵי ֵ‬ ‫]בש[ ִל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫בו שבת‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬ ‫בשנים‬ ‫]בשבעה[‬ ‫בחם ֵש]י‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]בששי[‬ ‫]ש[ֵב]ת[‬ ‫]שבת[‬ ‫]בשלושה[‬ ‫]בארבעה[‬ ‫]בו מועד[‬ ‫]עשר[‬ ‫]היין[‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬ ‫]אחר[‬ ‫]בעשרים[‬ ‫]השבת[‬

‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪Col. v‬‬

‫]ואח[ֵד‬ ‫בו שבת‬ ‫בעשרים‬ ‫ושנים‬ ‫בו מועד‬ ‫השםן‬ ‫אח]ר הש[בת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵא ֵח]ריו[‬ ‫קרב]ן העצים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]בעשרים[‬ ‫]ושמונה[‬ ‫]בו שבת[‬

4Q394

57

4Q326 (4QCalendrical Document C) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

In the first (month) on the four[th (day) in it Sabbath, on the eighth in it the Feast of (the Priests’) Investiture], on the eleventh in it Sabba[th, on the 14th in it the Passah on the third day (of the week), on the 15th in it] the Feast of Unleavened Bread on the four[th day (of the week), on the 18th in it Sabbath, on the 25th in it] Sabbath, on the 26th in it the Feast of (the First) G[rain after the Sabbath; the first month] in [it] 30 (days) vacat, on the second (day) in it [(the second month) Sabbath, on the ninth (day) in it Sabbath, on the sixteenth (day)]

4Q394 1–2 (4QCalendrical Document D; formerly 4Q327) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov; for frgs. 3–10 (4QMMT), see part 3 Frgs. 1–2 i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

[on the sixteenth in it (the second month) Sabbath], on the twenty-third in it Sabbath, on the thir[tie]th [in it Sabbath. On the seventh in the third (month) Sabbath, on the fourteenth in it Sabbath, on the fifteenth in it the Festival of Weeks, on the twenty-] fir[st in] it Sabbath, [on] the twenty-eighth in [it] Sabbath. Onto it (add) the day after the Sabbath (i.e. Sunday), and the secon[d day (of the week), and an additional (epagomenal) day, and the season (i.e. the first quarter of the year) is complete, ninety-one days. On the fourth in the fourth (month)] [Sa]bba[th], on the ele[venth] in it Sabbath, on the eighteenth in it Sabbath, on the twenty-fifth in it Sabbath. On the second in the fif[th (month) Sa]bba[th, on the third in it the Festival of the (New) Wine (on the day) after Sabbath], [on the ninth in it Sabbath, on the] sixteenth in it Sabbath, on the twenty-third in it Sabbath, [on the th]irtieth [in it Sabbath. On the seventh in the sixth (month) Sabbath, on the fourteenth in it Sabbath, on the twenty-] [first] in it Sabbath, on the twenty-second in it the Festival of the (New) Oil, (on the day) aft[er the Sa]bbath, aft[er it the Wood] Offeri[ng, on the twenty-eighth in it Sabbath.]

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪58‬‬

‫‪2. VARIOUS CALENDRICAL TEXTS‬‬ ‫‪4Q317 (4QcryptA Lunisolar Calendar) ed. M. Abegg (cf. DJD‬‬ ‫)‪XXVIII, 2001, pls. LII–LVIII‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1a Col. i‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫[‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵום‬ ‫וכן תבו[ ִא ל ֵי ֵ‬ ‫וכן תבוא [ ֵליום‬ ‫וכן תבוא לי[ום‬ ‫וכן תבוא ל[ ֵיֵום‬ ‫וכן תבוא ליו[ֵם‬ ‫וכן תבוא ל[ ֵיֵום‬ ‫וכן תבוא ל[ ֵיֵום‬ ‫וכן תבו[ ִא ליום‬ ‫וכן ת[ ֵבוא ליום‬ ‫וכן תבו[ ֵא ליום‬ ‫וכן תב[וא ליום‬ ‫וכן תבו[א ליום‬ ‫ליום‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫וכן תבו[ ֵא‬ ‫ארב[ע ֵע ֵש ֵר ִא‬ ‫וב[ ִבוא‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 1 + 1a Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫]עשתי ע[ ֵש ֵר ִא ֵו]כן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫]בח[משה ֵבו] תכסה שתים[‬ ‫וכן ]תבוא ליום בששה בו[‬ ‫]ע[ ֵשרא ֵ‬ ‫לוש] עשרא וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫תכסה ִש ֵ‬ ‫תכס]ה ארבע עשרא וכן[‬ ‫בשב עה בו ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫תבוא ליום ‪] va[cat‬‬ ‫בשמנה בו ֵת]משול אורה ליום בתוך[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ארבע עשרא וחצי‬ ‫ובבוא השמש יכלה כול[‬ ‫ממע]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הרקיע‬ ‫ות ]וכן יחל להגלות[‬ ‫להכס ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אורה‬ ‫באחד לשבת ‪] vacat‬בתשעה בו תגלה[‬ ‫אחת] וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מחלוקת‬ ‫בעשרה בו ת ֵג]לה שתים וכן תבוא[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ללילה ‪ֵ vacat‬ב ֵע ֵש]תי עשר בו תגלה שלוש[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵל ֵה ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫לל ֵי ֵ‬ ‫וכן תבוא ֵ‬ ‫ֵל]ה ארבע וכן[‬ ‫בשנים עשר ִב ֵו ֵת ֵג ֵ‬ ‫בש]לושה עשר בו[‬ ‫תבוא ללילה ‪ֵ vacat‬‬ ‫תגלה חמש וכן ִת ֵבו]א ללילה[‬

4Q317

59

2. VARIOUS CALENDRICAL TEXTS 4Q317 (4QcryptA Lunisolar Calendar) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook Frg. 1a Col. i 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

] And thus the moon enter]s the day And thus the moon enters ]the day And thus the moon enters the d]ay And thus the moon enters the] day And thus the moon enters the da]y And thus the moon enters the ]day And thus the moon enters the ]day And thus the moon enter]s the day And thus the moon e]nters the day And thus the moon enter]s the day And thus the moon ent]ers the day And thus the moon ente]rs the day And thus the moon enter]s the day fou]rteen parts and thus the moon e]nters (the night) [

Frgs. 1 + 1a Col. ii 1. [On the fourth of the month, eleve]n parts [are obscured. And thus the moon enters the day.] 2. [On the f]ifth of the month, [tw]elve [parts are obscured.] 3. And thus [the moon enters the day. On the sixth of the month,] 4. thir[teen] parts are obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 5. On the seventh of the month, [fourteen parts] are obscur[ed. And thus] 6. the moon enters the day. vacat 7. On the eighth of the month, the moon [rules all the day in the midst] 8. of the sky [fourteen-and-one-half (?) parts being obscured. And when the sun sets,] its light [ceases] 9. to be obscured, [and thus the moon begins to be revealed] 10. on the first day of the week (the eighth of the month). vacat [On the ninth of the month,] 11. on[e] part [is revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 12. On the tenth of the month, [two parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters] 13. the night. vacat On the ele[venth of the month, three parts are revealed.] 14. And thus the moon enters the night. vacat 15. On the twelfth of the month, [four parts are revealed. And thus] 16. the moon enters the night. vacat On the t[hirteenth of the month,] 17. five parts are revealed. And thus the moon enter[s the night.]

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫תגל]ה שש וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫בשלושה עשר בו ֵ‬ ‫]בח[ ֵמ ִשה עשר ]בו תגלה שבע וכן תבוא[‬ ‫בש]שה עשר בו תגלה[‬ ‫ללילה ‪ִ vacat‬‬ ‫שמונה וכן] תבוא ללילה ‪[ vacat‬‬ ‫עשר] בו תגלה תשע וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]בש[ ב ]עה[‬ ‫]בשמונה עשר בו וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫ב}ש{>ת<ש]ע[ה ֵע]שר בו תגלה וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫עשר] בו תגלה וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫בתשעה ‪ֵ 20‬‬ ‫בעשרים ‪ 1‬בו ]תגלה וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫באחד ‪ 2‬ועשרי]ם בו בתוך הרקיע[‬ ‫ממעל ארבע ע]שרא וחצי [ ובבוא ]השמש יכלה כול אורה להגלות[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵוֵכן יחל לה]כסות לשבת ‪vacat‬‬ ‫שלוש< ה וע]שרים בו תכסה מחלוקת אחת וכן[‬ ‫ִב}ש ִנִ ִיִם{> ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵת]ב[וא ליום ‪va]cat‬‬ ‫בשלושה ‪ 4‬ועשרי]ם בו תכסה שתים וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫ועשר ֵי]ם בו תכסה שתים וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בחמשה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪27a‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪]° °°°°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫שנים]‬ ‫ב[ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל[ ֵיֵום ‪]vacat‬‬ ‫וכן ]תבוא ליום[‬ ‫[ ֵב ֵו ֵת ִכסה ] [‪°[ ] °‬א ִ‬ ‫ב[ו תכסה של ֵוֵש ִע ֵש ֵרֵא וכן ִת]בוא ליום[‬ ‫[בו תכסה ‪°[ ]°°°‬א וכן ִת ֵב]וא ליום[‬ ‫[ תמשול ]אור[ ֵה ליום ֵב]תוך הרקיע ממעל[‬

‫עשרא וחצ ֵי]‬ ‫]א[רבע ִ‬

‫ב[ ִתוך ו]‬

‫[‬

‫אורה] להכסות וכן[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יכל ֵה ֵכ ֵוֵל‬ ‫] [‪ֵ °‬ו ִֵבבוא השמש ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫בארבע ֵה ִלשבת ] ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫להגלות‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]י[ ִחל‬ ‫תבוא] ללילה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] ב[ ֵו תגלה מחלוקת ִא ֵחת וכן‬

4Q317

61

18. On the fourteenth of the month, [six parts] are reveal[ed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 19. [On the fi]fteenth [of the month, seven parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters] 20. the night. vacat On the s[ixteenth of the month,] eight [parts are revealed.] 21. And thus [the moon enters the night. vacat] 22. [On the s]ev[en]teenth [of the month, nine parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 23. [On the eighteenth of the month, ten parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 24. On the {eighteenth} ni[n]ete[enth of the month, eleven parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 25. On the twentieth [of the month, twelve parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 26. On the twenty-first of the month, [thirteen parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the night.] 27. On the twenty-second [of the month, the moon rules all the night in the midst of the sky,] 28. fourt[een-and-one-half (?) parts being revealed.] And when [the sun] sets, [its light ceases to be revealed,] 29. and thus the moon begins to be [obscured on the first day of the week (the twentysecond of the month). vacat] 30. On the {twe[nty-seco]nd} tw[enty]-third [of the month, one part is obscured. And thus] 31. the moon [en]ters the day. vacat 32. On the {twenty-third} twenty-fourth [of the month, two parts are obscured. And thus the moon enters the day.] 33. On the twenty-fifth [of the month, three parts are obscured. And thus the moon enters the day.]

Frg. 2

23. [ On the X of the month, eleven parts are obscured. And thus the moon enters the] day. vacat 24. [On the X] of the month, [twelve parts] are obscured. And thus [the moon enters the day.] 25. [On the X of the month,] thirte[e]n parts are obscured. And thus the moon [enters the day.] 26. [On the X] of the month, [fourteen] parts are obscured. And thus the moon [enters] 27. [the day.] On the[X of the month,] the moon rules [all] the day in the [midst of] 27a. [f]ourteen and one hal[f] parts being obscured. 28. [the sk]y. And when the sun sets, [al]l its light ce[ases to be obscured,] 29. [and thus the moon b]egins to be revealed on the fourth day of the week (fourth day from Sabbath). [vacat] 30. [On the X of the month,] one part is revealed. And thus the moon enter[s the night.]

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪62‬‬

‫לל]ילה[‬ ‫וכ]ן[ תבוא ֵ‬ ‫[ בו תגלה שתים ִ‬ ‫[ בו תגלה שלוש וכן תבוא לל ֵי]לה[‬ ‫לליל]ה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵבו תגלה ארבע וכן ֵתבוא‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪32a‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫בו תכס[ה] שמנה וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫בו [ ֵתכסה ֵת]שע וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫כסה עש]ר וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫בו ת[ ֵ‬ ‫תכסה ִע]שתי עשרא וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫[ בו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬בו תכסה שת ֵי]ם עשרא וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫[בו תכסה שלו]ש עשרא וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫ארבע] עשרא וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬בו תכסה‬ ‫[‪ °°‬בו תמשול ֵא ֵו]רה ליום ממעל בתוך[‬ ‫[‬

‫וחצ ֵי]‬ ‫ארבע עשרא ֵ‬

‫השמ]ש יכלה כול אורה להכסות[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]הר[ ֵקיע ובבוא‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪30a‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪]° °‬‬ ‫וכ ֵן ֵת ֵב]וא ללילה[‬ ‫ע[ֵש]תי ע[ ֵש ִרא ִ‬ ‫וכ ֵן] תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫שתי[ ֵם עשרא ֵ‬ ‫עשרא וכן ת]בוא ללילה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שלו[ ֵש‬ ‫ארבע [עש]ר[א וכן ת]בוא ללילה[‬ ‫[‪°°°‬ם בתוך] הרקיע ממעל[‬ ‫וחצי ‪]°‬‬ ‫ארבע ע[ ֵש ֵר ֵה ֵ‬

‫[‬

‫] [‪ֵ °°°‬א ֵוֵרה להג]לות וכן יחל[‬ ‫ארבע ֵה ֵל ִשבת ‪[ ] vacat‬‬ ‫]להכסות [ ֵב ֵ‬ ‫כסה ֵמ]ח[לוקת א]חת וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫] בו [ ֵת ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫וכן [ ֵתבו]א ללילה‬ ‫בח[ ֵמשה ‪]°‬‬ ‫וכן תב[וא לליל]ה‬ ‫[שה בו ת ֵג]לה‬ ‫וכן תב[ ֵוֵא ללילה ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ה בו תגלה]‬ ‫וכ[ן תבוא ִל ִל ֵי]לה‬ ‫[ ֵבו ]‬

4Q317

63

31. [On the X] of the month, two parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the [night.] 32. [On the X] of the month, three parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the n[ight.] 33. [On the X] of the month, four parts are revealed. And thus the moon enters the nigh[t.]

Frg. 3 25. [ ] 26. [On the X of the month,] ni[ne parts are] obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 27. [On the X of the month,] te[n parts are] obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 28. [On the X] of the month, el[even parts] are obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 29. [On the X] of the month, tw[elve parts] are obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 30. [On the X] of the month, thi[rteen parts] are obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 31. [On the X] of the month, four[teen parts] are obscured. [And thus the moon enters the day.] 32. [On the X + ] first of the month, the moon rules al[l the day in the midst of] 32a. fourteen and one half parts [being obscured] 33. [the s]ky. And when the su[n] sets, [its light ceases to be obscured.]

Frg. 4 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 30a. 31. 32. 33.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] e]l[e]ven parts [are revealed.] And thus the moon en[ters the night. ] tw]elve parts [are revelealed.] And thus[ the moon enters the night. ] thi]rteen parts [are revealed.] And thus [the moon enters the night. ] four]te[e]n parts [are revealed.] And thus [the moon enters the night. ] ] in the midst of [the sky ]

[ fourt]een and one half [ ]

[ and thus] the light [ceases] to be re[vealed and thus the moon begins] [to be obscured ]on the fourth day of the week (fourth day from Sabbath). vacat [ ] [ of the month, ]o[ne] part is obscured. And thus the moon enters the day.]

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

And thus the moon] ente[rs the night. ] on the fi]fth of [the month ] And thus the moon ent]ers the nigh[t. ] ] of the month, [ ] are r[evealed. ] And thus the moon ent]ers the night. vacat [ ] ] of the month, [ ] are revealed [ ] And thu]s the moon enters the ni[ght. ] ]of the month [ .]

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫בת[ ֵשעה ב]ו‬ ‫וכ[ן תבוא ]‬ ‫[ ֵבעשרה בו]‬ ‫[ ִעשרא וכ ֵן ֵת]בוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫עשר ב]ו‬ ‫ב[ֵע]ש[תי‬ ‫‪Frg. 7 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ִא‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ת‬ ‫[א‬ ‫[ם‬ ‫[א‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1a‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫ב‪] °‬‬

‫‪°‬לפהו‪]°‬‬

‫ב‪] °‬‬ ‫בש‪]°‬‬ ‫בש]‬ ‫הר]קיע‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ל‪]°‬‬ ‫‪ֵ °°°°°‬ב ֵשתים ‪°‬ב]ו תגלה ארבע וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בשלושה [ ֵבו תגלה ]חמש וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫גל]ה שש וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בארבע[ ֵה בו ֵת ֵ‬ ‫]בחמש[ה בו תג]ל[ֵה] שבע וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫ֵב ֵשש]ה[ בו תגלה] שמנה וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בשבע[ה בו תגלה ת]שע וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בשמ[נה ֵבו תגלה ע]שר וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בתש[עה בו תגל]ה עשתי עשרא וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫]בע[ ֵשרה ב ֵו ִתגלה ֵש]תים עשרא וכן תבוא ללילה[‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫וכן[ תבו]א‬ ‫ֵא ]‬ ‫וכן [תב ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬ע ‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ש‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q317‬‬

‫‪65‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪[ ]°‬ת]בוא ליום[‬ ‫תב ֵו]א ליום[‬ ‫תכ[ ֵס ֵה ת]שע וכן [ ֵ‬ ‫תכסה ע[ ִש ִר ֵוֵכן ת]ב[ו]א ליום[‬ ‫וכ ֵן] תבוא ליום[‬ ‫תכסה [ ֵעשתי ֵעשרא ֵ‬ ‫וכ ֵן ] תבוא ליום[‬ ‫שתים עשר ֵ‬ ‫תכסה [ ֵ‬ ‫שר] וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫ֵשה ֵע ֵ‬ ‫תכס[ה של ֵו ֵ‬ ‫תכסה [ ֵארבעה ִע ֵש ֵר] וכן תבוא ליום[‬ ‫[בו ִב‪]°°°° °°‬‬

‫‪10a‬‬

‫]‬

‫תמשו[ל א ֵו ֵֵר]ה ליום‬ ‫לשב ֵת ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫מחלוק]ת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫] ב[ ֵו תגלה‬ ‫תב ֵו]א ללילה‬ ‫]אחת [וכן ֵ‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ִש‪ִ °‬ה ]‬ ‫[ ֵעשרי]ם בו תכסה‬ ‫שר]ים [ ִבו ֵת ֵכ]סה‬ ‫ֵע ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ו[עשרים בו ֵת]כסה‬ ‫תכס ֵה]‬ ‫ֵם בו ֵ‬ ‫ועש[ ֵר ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ועשרים ב ֵו] תכסה‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪[ ]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ושה ֵב]ו‬ ‫]בשל[ ֵ‬ ‫בעה ב ֵו]‬ ‫]ב[ ֵא ִר ִ‬ ‫] ב[ ֵחמשה ]בו‬ ‫] בש[ ִש ֵה] בו‬ ‫] בשבעה[ ב]ו‬ ‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫כסה ]תשע‬ ‫בו ת[ ֵ‬ ‫בו [ ֵתכסה ]עשר‬ ‫[‪°‬ים בו תכסה ]עשתי עשרא‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ם בו תכסה ֵש]תים עשרא‬ ‫בו [ ֵת ֵכ ֵסה שלוש ]עשרא‬

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬חמש]ה‬ ‫וכן תבוא [לליל]ה‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫] [‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫ֵב‪]°°‬‬ ‫ב‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ֵבשנ ֵי]ם‬ ‫בשלו]שה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫באר]בעה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בח]משה‬ ‫ב]ששה‬ ‫‪Frg. 15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‪] vacat °‬‬ ‫[ ֵתבוא ללי]לה‬ ‫וכ[ן תבוא ל]לילה‬ ‫וכן[ ֵתבוא ִל ֵלי]לה‬ ‫ֵלה]‬ ‫לל ֵי ֵ‬ ‫וכן [ ֵתב ֵו ִֵא ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 16 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫וא ֵל ִליל]ה[‬ ‫וכן תב[ ֵ‬ ‫וכן תבו[א ֵללילה‬ ‫וכן תבוא לל[ילה‬ ‫‪Frg. 16 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ִב]‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫] [‪]°°°‬‬ ‫]ב[ ֵשלשה ע]שר בו‬ ‫]בא[ ִרבעה עש]ר בו‬ ‫]בח[ ֵמשה עשר] בו‬ ‫]בש[ ִשה] עשר בו‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫לה[ ֵגֵלות ]‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[עש]‬

‫‪4Q317‬‬

‫‪67‬‬

‫‪Frg. 19 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‬ ‫[‪°‬א‬ ‫[א‬ ‫‪Frg. 19 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫שלוש]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵב‬ ‫ֵב ֵא ֵר ֵב]עה‬ ‫משה]‬ ‫ֵב ֵח ִ‬ ‫‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫להגל ֵו]ת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] [‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫] [‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ֵבש‪°‬שה]‬ ‫שב ֵעה עש]ר‬ ‫ֵב ֵ‬ ‫בשמנה עשר]‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ועשר]ים‬ ‫תכ]סה‬ ‫[‪ °‬בו ֵ‬ ‫[ ִבו תמ]שול אורה ליום‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3a‬‬

‫וחצ]י‬ ‫ארבע עשר[ ֵא ֵ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫יכל]ה כול אורה‬ ‫ובבוא הש[ ֵמש ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 23‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבו ‪]°‬‬ ‫קיע] ממעל‬ ‫בתוך הר[ ִ‬ ‫לב‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫ובבוא השמש [יכלה ]כול אורה‬

‫‪B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT‬‬

‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3a‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ בו ]‬ ‫עש[ר בו ת‪]°‬‬ ‫ארבע ע[ ֵשרא ֵו]חצי‬

‫השמ]ש יכלה כול אורה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ובבו[ ֵא‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 25‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪°°‬ו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ‪]° vacat‬‬ ‫[ ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬בו ִת]‬ ‫[ ב ֵו]‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ע‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ע ‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ה ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 27‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבו ֵת]‬ ‫ב[ו ת‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °°‬בו ֵת]‬ ‫ע[שר בו ֵת]‬ ‫[‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבעשת]י עשר בו‬ ‫[ ‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫ב[ו ֵתכס]ה‬ ‫בו [תכס]ה‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 29‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫וכן ת[ ֵבוא לי]ום‬ ‫[שלוש ]‬ ‫ו[ ֵכן]‬

‫‪4Q317‬‬

‫‪69‬‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ש‪]°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫וכ[ ֵן תבוא]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫וכ[ ֵן תבוא]‬ ‫אור[ה ֵלהכ]סות‬ ‫‪Frg. 33‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵבו ֵת]‬ ‫[ ֵבו]‬ ‫[ בו]‬ ‫‪Frg. 34‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ש]‬ ‫[‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ש ב ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 35‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ב‪]°°‬‬ ‫בש‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪]°° °°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 36‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫ִב ִת]‬ ‫ִב ֵע ִש]‬ ‫‪Frg. 37‬‬

‫[ ֵיֵי‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1a‬‬

‫חצ]י‬ ‫ארבע עשרא ו[ ִ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫כול] אורה‬ ‫יכלה [ ֵ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ע]‬ ‫[ ֵתבו]א‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

70

B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

Frg. 39

]°°[ ]°° ‫[בו‬ ]°°°° °‫[ב‬

1 2 3

bottom margin

Frg. 40

]‫לה‬ ִ °°‫[ות‬ ] ‫[ ֵבשנים‬

1 2

bottom margin

Frg. 41

]° [

]° ‫[ ם‬ ] ‫בו תכ[סה‬ ]° [ ]°°°°[

1 2 3

bottom margin

Frg. 42

] ‫[ש‬

1

]°‫ו‬°°‫[ִב‬

1

bottom margin

Frg. 43 bottom margin

Frg. 44

‫ובבו]א השמש יכלה כול אורה‬ ]° ] ]°

1 2 3 4

bottom margin

Frg. 45

]°°[ ‫[ בו ִתגל]ה‬ ] vacat ‫[ללילה‬

1 2 3

bottom margin

Frg. 46

]°‫ש‬°[

1

‫[א‬

1

bottom margin

Frg. 47 Col. i

‫‪4Q317‬‬

‫‪71‬‬

‫‪Frg. 47 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫בש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 48‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫יום]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[שמ]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫כלה] כול אורה‬ ‫ובבוא השמש י[ ִ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵוֵאחד]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 49‬‬

‫‪Frg. 50‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 51‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫עש[ר ב]ו‬ ‫‪Frg. 52‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫וכן תבו[ ִא לל]ילה‬ ‫[ ֵעשר]‬ ‫‪Frg. 53‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ות]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪°‬ת ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 54‬‬

‫‪Frg. 55‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[וש]‬ ‫[ ִר ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪] vacat °‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ב‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ע‪°°‬א ‪]°‬‬

72

B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

Frg. 56

]°°[ ]°°°[ ]°°[ ]°[

1 2 3 4

Frg. 58

]‫[ ש‬

1

Frg. 59

]°°°[ ]°°°[ ‫ וב]בוא השמש‬°[

1 2 3

Frg. 60

]°°[ ]°° ‫ם‬°[ ]‫[ ש‬

1 2 3

Frg. 61

]°[ ]°°‫[ש‬ ]°‫[ש‬

1 2 3

Frg. 62

]°[ ]°‫[ש‬ ]‫ר‬°[

1 2 3

4Q334 (4QOrdo) ed. U. Glessmer, DJD XXI Frg. 1 top margin

‫[ ִה בו בל]ילה‬ ‫תשבוחוִִ ]ת‬ ֵ ‫וד[ ֵברי‬

2

] ‫שי[ ֵרות‬ ‫ודב[ ֵר ֵי] תשבוחות‬

2

‫ש[ ֵמונה ֵו]ד[ ִב ֵר ֵי תשב ֵו]חות‬ ‫עש]ר‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵששה‬

2

1

Frg. 2 top margin 1

Frg. 3 top margin 1

4Q334

73

Frg. 63

]°‫[ח‬ ]‫ב‬°°°[

2

]°°‫[ש‬ ]°°[

2

1

Frg. 64 1

Frg. 65

]°[ ]°‫ש‬°[ ]°[

3

]°°‫[ו‬ ]°‫[י‬

2

1 2

Frg. 66 1

Frg. 67

]°°[ ]°[ ]‫[ת] ע[שר‬ ‫ שלו]ש‬°°°[ ]°‫[י‬

1 2 3 4

Frg. 75

]°‫[דת‬

4Q334 (4QOrdo) trans. U. Glessmer Frg. 1 1. 2.

] in it, in the ni[ght and wo]rds of praise[s

Frg. 2 1. 2.

so]ngs [ ] and wor]ds of [praises or: [so]ng[s

Frg. 3 1. 2.

e]ight and [w]ords of prai[ses ]sixtee[n

1

74

B. CALENDRICAL TEXTS NOT CONCERNED WITH MISHMAROT

‫וארבע]ים‬ ֵ ‫ים‬ ֵ [‫שנ‬ ‫[בעשרה ֵב]ו‬ ‫ ודב]רי תשבוחות‬°°[

3 4 5

Frg. 4 top margin

‫וארבעים‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵה‬ ‫[ ֵה בו בלילה‬ ‫ובי[ ֵוֵם ש ֵיֵרות‬ ‫שירות שמונה‬ ֵ ‫לילה‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵב‬ ‫עשר]י[ִם‬ ִ ‫ֵת‬ ֵ ‫ודברי ת[ ֵשבוח ֵו‬

1 2 3 4 5

Frg. 5

‫[ ִע ִשר בי]ום‬ ‫ועשר]ים‬ ֵ ‫ה‬°[

1 2

Frg. 6 top margin

‫בששה ֵע]שר בו‬ ‫ביום ִש]ירות‬ ֵ ‫ִו‬

1 2

Frg. 7

°[ ‫ע[שר בו‬ ‫ובי[ ֵוֵם שירות‬ ‫[בו‬ ‫שירו[ֵת‬

1 2 3 4 5

Frg. 8 Col. ii

Col. i

]°

[ [ ‫[ֵם‬ ‫שירו[ת‬

]° ‫ש‬ ]° [

]

Frg. 9 (no traces of letters)

For a reconstruction and composite text of all the fragments of 4Q334, see DJD XXI, 189–94.

1 2 3 4

4Q334 3. 4. 5.

tw]o and for[ty] ] On (day) ten in [it] ] and wor[ds of praises ]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

] and forty ] in it, in the night: and in the d]ay: songs ]in the night: songs eight and words of p]raises twen[t]y

Frg. 5 1. 2.

]ten on the da[y ] and twen[ty

Frg. 6 1. 2.

]On the (day) sixte[en in it ]and in the day: so[ngs

Frg. 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

] [ t]en in it and on the da]y: songs ]in it ? song]s

Frg. 8 Col. ii

4.

? song]s or: [ ? prais]es

75

76

C. CALENDRICAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION

4Q320 3 i + 6–9 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 3 i

‫ שני הקדש‬°[ ‫ה[ ִבריאה קדש‬ ‫[\ִ\ִ ִבשבת‬//‫ב‬ ‫גמו[ ֵל ֵר]ו[ש כל השנים‬ ‫ֵת היובל השני‬ ֵ ‫את[ ֵו‬ vacat ‫\\\\ אתו[ ֵת‬///‫ײ‬

9 10 11 12 13 14

Frg. 6

]°°°°[ ] ‫ ימ]י[ם‬150 [ ‫[ ִעת אלפים ושש] מאות‬ ‫פים ושמ ֵנ]ה מאות‬ ִ ‫[ ִא ִל‬ ] ° °[

1 2 3 4 5

Frg. 7 Col. ii

]°[ ] ]°° ° ]°

Col. i

°[ \\‫ימי[ם ײ‬ ‫א[ ֵתות‬

1 2 3 4

Frg. 8

]‫[ ם‬ ]‫ ימים‬°‫ל‬°[ Frg. 9

°

]‫ ה‬130[ ]°° ‫[חשבון‬

1 2

1 2

4Q320

77

C. CALENDRICAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION

4Q320 (4QCal. Doc./Mishmarot A) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov; for the other segments of 4Q320, see the TOC Frg. 3 i 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

] the years of holiness the ]Creation holy on the 4]th (day) in the week of Gamu]l, he[a]d of all the years
14.

17
Frg. 6 2. 3. 4. 5.

]150 da[y]s [ fo]ur (or: se]ven; or: ni]ne) thousand and six[ hundred ]thousand and eig[ht hundred ] [

Frg. 7 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

] day]s 12
Frg. 9 1. ]130 [ 2. ]calculation [

C. FRAGMENTARY CALENDRICAL TEXTS

78

4Q324b (4QpapCal. Doc. A?) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI Frg. 2

Frg. 1

]‫בו‬ ]‫ב ִו‬

top margin

1

]‫בו‬ ] ִ‫ִב ִו‬

2

Frg. 4

1 2

Frg. 3

]‫שב[ִת]ו[ת‬ ]‫שב[ ִתות‬

]‫בת‬ ִ [‫ש‬ ] ‫[ ִשבת‬ ]‫ש[בת‬ ]‫ש[ ֵב ִת‬

1 2

1 2 3 4

Frg. 5

]‫שב[ ֵוֵעות‬ ]‫שב[ועות‬ ] ‫ש[בת‬

1 2 3

4Q337 (4QCalendrical Doc. E?) ed. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov, DJD XXI ‫בשב]ת‬ ִ ]‫בשבת‬ ] ‫אחרן‬ ‫ובשב]ת‬ ִ

1 2 3 4

6Q17 (6QpapCalendrical Document) ed. M. Baillet, DJD III Frg. 1

30 ‫החדש ה[שני בו‬ ‫[ ֵוֵתם ימי‬ °°‫[ל‬

] ‫]יום‬ ]

1 2 3

6Q17

79

4Q324b (4QpapCal. Doc. A?) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov

Frg. 2 1. 2.

in it[ in it[

Frg. 4 1. 2.

Sabb]at[h]s[ Sabb]aths[

Frg. 1 1. 2.

in it[ in it[

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sa]bbath[ ]Sabbath [ Sa]bbath[ Sa]bbath[

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3.

we]eks[ we]eks[ Sa]bbath [

4Q337 (4QCalendrical Doc. E?) trans. S. Talmon with J. Ben-Dov 1. 2. 3. 4.

on (the) Sabba[th on (the) Sabbath[ (the) last [ and on (the) Sab[bath

6Q17 (6QpapCalendrical Document) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. 2.

[ the ]second month thereof 30. [days ] days of

This page intentionally left blank

II. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS

82

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS For the exact parallels in some texts, the reader is referred to the DJD editions.

Instruction (Mûs r lêM vîn) 1Q26 (1QInstruction) (Re-edition) ed. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J., DJD XXXIV (cf. 1Q26, 1QWisdom Apocryphon, ed. J. T. Milik, DJD I) Frg. 1 Parallel: 4Q423 4

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

‫נה]יה‬ ִ ‫[ ִברז‬ ] ]°‫המ ֵז ֿו‬ ֵ ‫לם‬ ִ [ ] ]‫[ ִתבואתכה ה ֵג‬ ] ‫נה ֵי]ה‬ ִ ‫[ כאשר גלה אוזנכה ברז‬ ] ]‫ה לכה השמר לכה למה תכבדכה ממנ ֿו ֿו‬°[ ] ]‫במ‬ ִ ‫ ִוִ נארותה בכול תבואתכה ִו ֵנ]כל[ ֵמ ִתה בכול מעשיכה‬°[ ] ‫[ל ריבכה וביד ִו פקד ֵמ]שפטכה‬ ] ] ‫ו[כול‬ ]‫ֵל‬ ֵ ‫ֵדלכה נגד ֵכ ֵו‬ ֵ ‫] [ל] א[ ֵג‬°°[ ] ]°°°‫ ] [ל‬°[ ]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Frg. 2 Parallel: 4Q423 3 2–4

[ [ [ [

]° ‫[ם‬ ] ‫[ כול תבואתכה‬ ] ‫ ארץ ועל פיהו‬°[ ]‫[ פרי בטנכה ֿו‬

] ] ] ]

1 2 3 4

Frg. 3

[ [

] ‫ֵם‬ ֵ ‫ֵש ֵי ֵה ֵח ֵי‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵק ֵד ֵו‬ ‫[ כי אתה ל ֿו לבן ֵב]כור‬

] ]

2

]° ‫ ֵלתֿי‬°[ ] ‫[ אחד‬

] ]

2

] ]

2

1

Frg. 4

[ [

1

Frg. 5

[ [

]°[ ]°‫את‬ ִ [

1

1Q26

83

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Instruction (Mûs r lêM vîn) 1Q26 (1QInstruction) trans. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J.

Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ ]in the mystery that is to co[me ] [ ] [ ] [ ] thy harvest [ ] [ ] As He has revealed to thy ear about the mystery that is to co[me ] [ ] thee. Have a care for thyself, lest she honour thee more than Him, And[ ] [ ] And (lest) thou be accursed in all thy harvest, And be [asha]med for all thy deeds [ ] [He has declared righteous] thy suit, And by His power He has determined [thy] la[wcase]. And He has said to him ‘I am [thy] por[tion ] [and thy inhe]ri[tance (?), And I] will magnify thee in the presence of all [ and] all [ ’]

Frg. 2 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] all thy produce [ ] the earth and according to His command [ ] the fruit of thy (m.) womb [

] ] ]

] For thou art to Him a fir[st-born] son [

]

Frg. 3 2.

[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪84‬‬

‫‪4Q415 (4QInstructiona) ed. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J.,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ש‬ ‫[שר‬ ‫[ ֵת לאשר‬ ‫תמצא‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫רפת] [‬ ‫[ ִו ִִח ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֵל]‬ ‫ֵב] [‪°°°‬יכה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫קודשכה ל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫מנחלת]‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. i + 1 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1 ii‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 i‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵל]‬ ‫ֵב] [‪°°°‬יכה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫קודשכה ל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫מנחלת]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬תהֿי ֵכ]ו[ֵל‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִדת מעשיו‬ ‫[ ִכיו בהתהלכו תמים‬ ‫[ ֵב עולם ֿוֿזרע‬ ‫כ[ֿיֿא לוא ימ ֿוֿש זרעכה‬ ‫[א ותשיש בפרי‬ ‫[‪ °‬נדיבים‬ ‫ֿפרח‬ ‫לכו[ל קצים ֿי ִ‬ ‫[ ֵם והתחדש‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫בדֿי ‪] °[ ]°‬‬ ‫כאב ֵכ ֵ‬ ‫ֵע‬ ‫אל תמ ֿיֿשי בלבבך ֿוֿע]‬ ‫בר ]‬ ‫כול היום ובחֿיֿק ֿו ֵ‬ ‫פןִ תפרעֿי ברית ק ֵו ִֵד]ש‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵב]‬ ‫וא ֿוֿיֿבת לנפשך ֵו ֵ‬ ‫לש ]‬ ‫א] [שה עד ֵ‬ ‫בבית מכ ֵו]רותיך [ובבריתך ת]‬ ‫תהלה ] [‪ֿ°‬י כול אנשים ]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵבֿיֿת מולדים ]‬ ‫] [ ִל]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q415

85

4Q415 (4QInstructiona) trans. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J. Frg. 1 Col. i

3. 4. 5.

[ [ [

] to whom ]thou wilt find/it will exist ] and shame[ ]

Frg. 1 Col. ii 2. 3. 4.

[ ]thy [ thy holiness [ from the inheritance[

] ] ]

Frgs. 2 Col. i + 1 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ [ [ in thy [ thy holiness not[ from the inheritance of[ [ [ [

]

] a[l]l ]measure of his deeds his w]ays, in his walking perfectly ] of eternity, And the seed of F]or thy seed will not depart And thou shalt rejoice in the fruit ] princes at al]l times it will blossom ] and become renewed

Frg. 2 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Like (thy) father honour thou (fem.) [ e.g. thy father-in-law do thou (fem.?) not remove in thy heart (fem.) And [ all the day long, And in his bosom [ Lest thou (fem.) neglect (thy) hol[y] covenant [ and one hated by thy own soul [ [ ] unto [ in the house of [thy] orig[ins, ]And in thy covenant (thou)[ a subject of praise [on the mou]th of all men. [ [ ] from the house where thou wert born, [

] ] ] ] ] ] thou shalt be] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪86‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 3 (see frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ת מעשיה]ם‬ ‫[ ֵעים כיא] [ ִל]‬ ‫[‪°‬ר] [ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frgs. 5 + 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[פ ֵן]‬

‫[‪°‬שתר ֵו]ת‬ ‫[ם בכול א ֿו ִֿר‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫] [ ֵס ֿוֿד אנש ֵי]ם‬ ‫ומ ֵל ֵכ]ים‬ ‫אביון א]ת[ ִה ֵ‬ ‫רֿיֿשכה ֵב‪ֵ °‬צתכה]‬ ‫ברז נהיה בחן אלה ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫ובמשק]ל‬ ‫מבית ‪ֵ°‬ו] [ ֵ‬ ‫ס[ ֵו ִֵד אנשים למ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ִ [ ]°°‬ל]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫] [ ֵה ]‬ ‫נחוש]ת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵוֵבריחיכה‬ ‫ח ֵזֵק ב‪ֵ °‬אה והס]‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ם‬ ‫תערב‬ ‫[אל ִ‬ ‫[ל פרי‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[ תתמהמה ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫לכ]ה‬ ‫להור ֿוֿת בטנכה ֵ‬ ‫רב]‬ ‫ֿמ] [ ֵת ֵ‬ ‫ִש ֿו ִ‬ ‫אנשים ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫ֿש]‬ ‫עם אולת לוא תשוה לר ֿו ֵ‬ ‫בה הכֿיֿנה כיא הֿיֿאה תכ ֿו ֵן]‬ ‫יחד ממשל זכר את ִנ]קבה‬ ‫רוחה המשל בה ֵכ]‬ ‫מזִ ]ה‬ ‫ומחסורמה זה ִ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q415

87

Frg. 4 1. 2.

[ [

their] deeds ] for [

[

] ]

Frgs. 5 + 3 1. 2.

[ [

]young kids[ ] lest [ ] in all the light[s

] ]

Frg. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ]council of me[n Th[o]u art poor, but king[s thy poverty in thy coun[sel By the mystery of what is to come test thou these things. And from the house of [ ]. And by weigh[t [ coun]cil of men [

[

] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 7 2. 3.

and thy bars bron[ze strengthen its entrance and

[

] ]

Frg. 8 2. 3.

[ [

]do thou not go surety ] fruit

Frg. 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ ] thou shalt tarry [ So that thy (masc.) womb (i.e. wife) should conceive for th[ee [ ] [ men vacat [ A foolish people thou shalt not treat as equal to a leader on it has he laid her foundation, For it is the foundation[ together the dominion of the male over the fe[male Her spirit make thou to rule over her [ And their deficiency, this one from (less than) that [one

] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ֿלפֿי זה ֵנ]‬ ‫ֿו ֵ‬ ‫נקבה ֵו ִֵכמוז ֵנֵי]‬ ‫‪] °[ ]°‬‬

‫‪88‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ִמ ִכ‪ °‬ה‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ֵת‬ ‫[‪ֿ°‬יֿם‬ ‫[ ֵח ֵבת ֿו‬

‫]‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬ ‫‪Parallels: 4Q418 167‬‬ ‫)?( ‪4Q418a 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ֵה בם כי כמוזני צדק‬ ‫בכ[ול] ?‪vacat‬‬ ‫מתכונתה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ו‬ ‫[‬ ‫אשר לוא‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵי] לא יהיו ֵב[ ֵמה ]כיא זאת תעלה זאת‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫)?( ‪vacat‬‬ ‫לעומר ועומר ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]לאיפה ואי[פה‬ ‫[‬ ‫וחמה ליפי מראיה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ל אשר לוא ביחד]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫תכנתה ביחד רוחמה‬ ‫לפֿיֿא רוחות ית]כנו‬ ‫] [ ֵמ ֵבינים כי ֵ‬ ‫כיא נגף[‬ ‫ֵה]ו‬ ‫ֿמ ִיִה ספר לו ובגוֿיֿתיה הבי ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫]כ[ול מ ֿו ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵבא ֵו]פ[ל] [ ֵתהיה לו כמכשול לפנ ֵי ֵו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫שלח] [ ֵנ ִֵגפו ֿוֿחרה אפו בס]‬ ‫] [ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫בש]‬ ‫עם משקל תכֿיֿנה רוחם ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל]ו[ ֵא ִי ִִכש ֿוֿל בה ואם ינגף ֵב]‬ ‫[‬ ‫נפרדה בהר ֿיֿתכה קח ֵמ ֵו]לדיה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵוֵאם‬ ‫[‬ ‫התהלכה התבונן מואדה אם ֵז ֵֵכ ֵר] ואם נקבה‬ ‫[‬ ‫מכו ֿנֿיה לוא תמצא באלה בחנהה] [ֵא‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫] [ת ֵה]‬ ‫]רו[חכה ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪ֿ °‬וֿדע מל‪]°‬‬ ‫ש‬ ‫התש ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ם למ ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵוֵהמועל בצא]ונו‬ ‫ֿסדו בכול ֵה]‬ ‫[ ֿו ִ‬ ‫[ ֵש כמנוחת]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q415 10. 11.

and according to this one [ female, And according to scales of [righteousness

89 ] ]

Frg. 11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

[ ] her measure in a[ll vacat? in them, For like scales of righteousness ] [ they will not be For this (pan) will rise up, And that one will sink down which are not (measured out) ] [by ephah and e]phah, by >omer and >omer [ vacat (?) ] [ ] which are not together [ And their spirit to the beauty of its appearance ] [ ]understanding ones, For according to the spirits will they be me[asured out Thou hast measured out their spirit in public(?) ] [A]ll her blemishes recount thou to him, And make [him] understand her bodily defects. And it shall be when he stubs his foot] in the da[rk]ness, [Then] she will (not?) be for him like a stumbling block in front of him [ And God] [will ]send forth[ ]His blow, And His anger will burn against [ ] with a weight their spirit will be meted out in[ ] he shall n[o]t stumble against it. And if he stub against [ ] If she be divided (?) when she is pregnant for thee, Take thou the offs[pring of her ] her walking consider very diligently. If male [or female ] her foundations thou shalt not find. By these things test her[ ]

Frg. 12 2. 3.

thy [spi]rit And know

[

] ]

Frg. 13

3. 4. 5.

[ ] and he who acts unfaithfully against [his] flo[ck [ ] his foundation on all [ [ ] like a resting place[

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪90‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ה ֵח]‬ ‫[‪°°‬ה ֵת ֵע]‬ ‫ֿר]‬ ‫[ ֿו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫חלתכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נ[‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ה כלא]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[אוטיכה ]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵמ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵה ]‬ ‫[ֿיֿכח]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫ֿפ ֵר]‬ ‫[ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[א תק]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫מ[ֵש]פ[טֿי ֵב]‬ ‫[‪ °‬נגע ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ֵם]‬ ‫ישב ֿו]ת‬ ‫[לוא ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֿ°‬יֿה ברז ֵנ]היה‬ ‫[ואת רוח ֿו בא]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫פריוִ ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אשר‬ ‫תר ִא ֵה]‬ ‫ִוִאם ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫מע[ ִשיו ֿוֿדע ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 24‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵר ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫בה]‬ ‫נ[היה ֵ‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫ֿיֿי ֵן]‬ ‫עם]‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 27‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫אר ֵך]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫תמ]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬וֿת ה‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 31‬‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 28‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬

‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ת]‬ ‫לתש]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵכ ֵע]‬ ‫[אמת]‬ ‫[ס‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q415

91

Frg. 15 1.

[

]thy [in]heritance[

]

Frg. 19 2. 3.

[ [

j]ud[ge]ments of ] a blow

[ [

] ]

Frg. 21 2. 3.

whose fruit[ And if thou seest[

] ]

Frg. 22

Frg. 23 1.

[ ]his d[eeds,] And know thou

[ ] 2.

[

]

Frg. 24

Frg. 25 1.

[ ] He will not cease[

that] is to come in[

]

1. 2.

[ ] in the mystery that is to c[ome] [ ]and his (?) spirit [ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 32‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪°‬אר ‪]°‬‬ ‫צד]‬ ‫[ ֵך ִכלא ֵ‬ ‫[איש]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪4Q416 (4QInstructionb) ed. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J.,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ֿח]‬ ‫ִכ ֵל ֵר ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ולתכן חפצ ֿו ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫מועד במועד ֵו]‬ ‫לממלכה[‬ ‫למ]ש ֿוֿר במש ֿוֿרה ול‪°‬‬ ‫לפי צבאם ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫למד]ינה ומדינה לאיש ואיש‬ ‫וממלכה ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫)?( ‪vacat‬‬ ‫לפי מחסור צבאם ]ומשפט כולם ל ֿו‬ ‫[‬ ‫ומא ֿוֿרות‬ ‫)?( ‪or vacat‬‬ ‫הכֿיֿן ֵע]ל‬ ‫וצבא השמים ִ‬ ‫יגידו[‬ ‫למופתיהמה ואתות מו]עדיהמה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ספרו]‬ ‫זה לזה וכל פקודתמה ֿי]‬ ‫[‬ ‫רשעה וכל בני אמת ֿו ֿיֿרצ ֿו ֵל]‬ ‫ֵמ ֵשמים ישפוט על עבודת ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֿרא ֵו]‬ ‫קצה ויפחדו ויר ֿוֿעו כל אשר התגללו בה כי שמים ֿי ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]י[ ִמים ותהמות פחדו ויתערערו כל רוח בשר ובני השמ ֵי]ם‬ ‫[‬ ‫האמ]ת ‪°‬לם ‪°°°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]הש[פטה וכל עולה תתם עוד ֿוֿשלם קץ‬ ‫ל[‬ ‫בכל קצי עד כי אל אמת הוא ומקדם שנֿי] עולם‬ ‫א[‬ ‫משפ]ט‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫להכ ֿוֿן צדק בין טוב ִל ֵר ֵע ל] [ ֵר כל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ל [‬ ‫ל‬ ‫]י[צר בשר ה ֿוֿאה ומבינ ֿו]ת‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪°‬ראתֿי ֿו ֵכֿי ִה‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫] [ ֿוֿד‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫לב[ ִלתֿי‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵלתֿי‬ ‫]‬ ‫קה‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ן ִבראשכה‬ ‫]‬ ‫הבט ברז נהיה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]כי מה צעיר מרש ואל תשמח באבלכה פן תעמל [ ִבחייכה‬ ‫ולא ֵבל]יה[מה‬ ‫]וקח מולדי ישע ודע מי נוחל כבוד ועמל הלוא [‪ֵ [ ]°[ ]° °‬‬ ‫ֿתכה ]ד[ ֵב ֵר‬ ‫[ ִל ֵכל נעוֿי ֵ‬ ‫]שמחת עולם היה בעל ריב לחפצכה ואין‬

4Q416

93

Frg. 32 2. 3.

[ [

] prison the right[eous ]man[

] ]

4Q416 (4QInstructionb) trans. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J. Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

every spirit[ ] And to order His (?) good pleasure [ ] season by season [ ] according to their host to r[ule by dominion And to For kingdom] and kingdom, For pr[ovince and province (?), For each man and man ] according to the poverty of their host. [And the judgement of all of them belongs to Him vacat (?) ] But the host of the Heavens He has established on[ vacat (?) and luminaries] for their portents, And signs of [their] fe[stivals they shall proclaim] each to the other. And all their visitation (?)[ ] they shall recount[ ] From Heaven He shall pronounce judgement upon the work of wickedness, But all His faithful Children will be accepted with favour by [Him ] the end, And they shall feel dread. And all who defiled themselves in it (sc. wickedness) shall cry out in distress. For the heavens shall fear [ ] The [se]as and the depths fear, And every spirit of flesh will be destroyed (?). But the sons of Heave[n] sh[all rejoice in the day ] [when it (sc. wickedness) is ju]dged, And (when) all iniquity shall come to an end, Until the epoch of tru[th] will be perfected [forever, And there will endure ] in all periods of eternity. For He is a God of fidelity. And from of old, (from) years of[ eternity ] So that the righteous may distinguish (?) between good and evil, So that every judgem[ent the creator of] [the in]clination of flesh is He (?), And from understand[ing ] His creatures, for [ ]

Frg. 2 Col. i For the translation of lines 1-20, see the composite text presented at 4Q417 2 i.

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9–15‬‬

‫]משפטיכה כמושל צדיק אל תקח‬ ‫]‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫כחכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]לרעהו ובמחסורכה יקפץ ידו‬ ‫ואץ‬ ‫]ואם נגע יפגשכה ִ‬ ‫חר ֵפ ֵתכה‬ ‫] ֵפן יגלה ֵ‬ ‫בשב ֵט וגם‬ ‫] ֵ‬ ‫]אתה‬ ‫של ‪°‬‬ ‫]לבלתי ֵ‬

‫‪94‬‬

‫[ ֵעל] [‪[ ]°°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ולא תאמין ֵע ֵו ֵֵד ] [‬ ‫[ וכמוה ֿו לוה ודע מא ֵג]ר [‬ ‫ו‬ ‫מנש]ה בכה[‬ ‫[‪ֵ °[ ]°‬ב אל תסתר ֵ‬ ‫[מושל בו ואז ֵל]א י[ ֵכ ֵנ ֵו‬ ‫[ ֵכה ואפס עוד וגם‬ ‫[ ֵב ֵע ִב ִר ִה אם תאֿיֿץ ידכה‬ ‫‪°‬ל [ ֵשאל טרפכה כי הוא‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫מח]סורי אוטו‬ ‫למל[א כל ֵ‬

‫רח]מיו‬ ‫פתח ֵ‬ ‫ולתת טרף[‬ ‫ונאספה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ִקפ ֿוֿץ ִי ִֵד ֵו]‬ ‫ואם [ ִי ֵ‬ ‫לכל חי ואין ‪] °‬‬ ‫רוח כ ֿוֿל[‬ ‫חרפת]ו[ ִתכסה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵכ ֵשֿיֿל בה ו[ ֵב‬ ‫תק ]‬ ‫בשר אל ֵ‬ ‫ובאולת ֵו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵפ ֵנ ֵי ֵֵכה‬ ‫מהר [ ֵשלם ואתה תשוה‬ ‫מאס ִיִר כמה] בהון ישכה הנושה בו‬ ‫בו כי כֿיֿס‬ ‫צפו ֵני ֵכ ֵה ִפ ֵק]דתה לנושה בכה בעד רעיכה נת[ ֵת ֵה כל חייכה ב ֿו ִמהר תן אשר‬ ‫לו וקח כֿיֿס]כה ובדבריכה אל תמעט [רוחכה בכל הון אל תמר רוח קודשכה‬ ‫ֿט ֵכה ברצון שחר‬ ‫כל אי[ש לא ֿי ֵ‬ ‫שוה ]בה‬ ‫כי אין מחיר ֵ‬ ‫פניו וכלשונו‬ ‫תכה אל ִת ר [לו וחוקיכה אל תרף‬ ‫חפצכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵד ֵבר ואז תמצא‬ ‫ִוִ ברזיכה השמר‬ ‫לכה ]אל מנוח בנפשכה וא[ל תנומה לעיניכה עד‬ ‫]לנפש[ ֵכה אם עבודתו יפקֿוד ִ‬ ‫עשותכה‬ ‫[ואל תותר‬ ‫מש‬ ‫להצ]ניע ֵר ֵ‬ ‫וא[ל תוסף ואם יש ֵ‬ ‫מצו]תיו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לו אף הון בלֿו‬ ‫[‪ ]°°‬שא ע[ ֵי ֵנ]י[כה ֿוֿראה‬ ‫ֵתנ ֿו פן יאמר בזנֿי ונפ[ל]ה א‬ ‫]‬ ‫כי רבה קנאת‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ֵאם ברצונו תחזיק‬ ‫]אנוש ועקוב הלב מכל‬ ‫עבודתו וחכמת אוט ֿו‬ ‫[‪ °°‬תֿיֿעצנ ֿו] והייתה [ל ֿו לבן בכור וחמל עליכה‬ ‫] ש‪°°‬‬ ‫כאיש על יחידו‬ ‫ֵא ואל‬ ‫תש ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫ואתה אל תבטח למה ֵ‬ ‫כי אתה עבדו ובחי[ ֵרו ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫תשקוד ממדהבכה‬

4Q416

21. 22.

95

[thy food in a]nger. If thou shuttest thy hand [so as not to send it forth to the table ] ask for thy food, For He

Frg. 2 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

has unloosed [His] mer[cies towards every man So as to fill] up all the defi[ciencies of His secrets, And to give food] to all that lives, And there is no[one who will die of hunger. But if ]He shuts His hand], Then there will be gath]ered in (sc. into Sheol) the spirit of al[l] flesh. Do not [ , And in his poverty thou shalt not make the poor stumble because of it. Nor] because of [his] shame shalt thou hide thy face, Nor at his folly (hide it) from thee captive. As much as[ a man’s creditor has lent him in money, hastily ]pay it back, And thou wilt be on an equal footing with him (sc. the creditor). If the purse containing thy treasures [thou hast] entrus[ted to thy creditor, On account of thy friends thou hast giv]en away all thy life with it. Hasten and give what is his, And take back [thy] purse[, And in thy speech (do not) act feeble-]spirited. For no price exchange (?) thy holy spirit, For there is no price equal in value [to it. From ]no [ma]n shall turn thee away; Seek His presence with favour, And according to His language [sp]eak (to Him), And then thou wilt attain thy wish.[ Do not make ineffectual thy oath made [to him, And the statutes laid down for thee do not abandon, But with thy secrets take good heed of thy[self]. If he entrust the serving of him to thee, [Let there be no rest for thy soul] or sleep for thy eyes, Until thou hast performed [his] command[ments (all of them ?); But] do thou [n]o more. And if it is possible (for thee) to act hu[mbly/insightfully/secretively[ ] [ ] And do not leave anything undone/do not do too much (?) for him. Yea, tax-money [not him, Lest he say ‘He has despised (or ‘despoiled’) me, And fa]ll[en is] Lift up ]thine[ e]ye[s] and see How great is the enviousness [of man And deceitful the heart more than everything ] If with his favour thou undertakest (or ‘settest hand to’) his service, And the wisdom of his secrets [thou And ] thou counsellest him[, Then thou shalt become ]for him a firstborn son, And he will show pity to thee as a man does to his only child. [For thou art his servant and ]his[ elec]t one. But do not (try to) win others’ confidence, (Lest) thou become hated (or ‘But do not trust in what thou hatest’), Or ‫ תשק ֿוֿד‬from/stay on the watch for (or perhaps ‫תשק ֿוֿד‬, ‘deal falsely with’) thy oppressive tax-gatherer,

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪96‬‬

‫לעבד משכי[ל וגם אל תשפל נפשכה ֵלאשר לא ישוה בכה‬ ‫] ואתה דמה לו ֵ‬ ‫ואז תה ֵי]ה[‬ ‫[‪ °‬לאשר אין כוחכה אל תגע פן תכשל וחרפתכה‬ ‫לאב‬ ‫]לו ֵ‬ ‫ֵדה‬ ‫מא ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ִת ִרבה ֵ‬ ‫]אל תמ[ ֵכ ֿוֿר ֵנֵפשכה בהון טוב היותכה עבד בר ֿוֿח וחנם תעב ֿוֿד נוגשיכה‬ ‫ובמחיר‬ ‫אל תמכ ֿוֿר כבודכה ואל תערבהו בנחלתכה פן י ֿוֿרֿיֿש גויתכה אל תשבֿי ִֿע ִל ִחם‬ ‫ואין כסות אל תשת יין ואין אכל אל תדרוש‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫תענוג ואתה‬ ‫חסר לחם אל תתכבד במחסורכה ִואתה‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫ֵש ֵפ ֵן‬ ‫ֵר ֵו ֵ‬ ‫תבֿוֿז חייכה וגם אל תקל כלי‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫] ח[ֿיֿקכה‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫[ ֵכ ֵה‬

‫] ֵו ֵֵכ‪ֵ °‬ל‬ ‫אתה ]‬ ‫וזכור כי ראש ֵ‬ ‫ומחסורכה‬ ‫[‪ֿ°‬יֿם ֵפ ֵוֵקד‬ ‫לוא תמצא ובמעלכה ת‪] °°°‬‬ ‫לכה‬ ‫תכוה ]ו[ ִבאשו תבער גויתכה ִכ ִא]שר לקח[ ֵת ֿו כן‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אל תשלח ידכה בו פן‬ ‫השיבהו‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ידעתה אל תקח‬ ‫ושמ ‪ vacat‬חה לכה אם תנקה ממנו וגם מכל איש אשר ל א ִ‬ ‫הון‬ ‫פן יוסיף על רֿיֿשכה ואם שמו בראֿו ֵש ֵכה למות הפקידהו ורוחכה אל תחבל‬ ‫יפר]ח לעו[ ֵלם זכרכה ואחריתכה תנחל‬ ‫בו ואז תשכב עם האמת ובמותכה ֵ‬ ‫ֵל ִת נחלתכה ואל תתבלע בה פן תסיג‬ ‫שמ ִחה ‪ vacat‬אביון אתה אל תתאו ֵז ֵו ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵאז תדע‬ ‫ואם] [ֿיֿשיבכה לכבודבה התהלך וברז ]נ[ ִה ִי ִִה דרוש מולדיו ֵו ֵ‬ ‫גבולכה ֵ‬ ‫ו‬ ‫דרכיכה למכבדיכה תן הדר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נחלתו ובצדק תתהלך ֵכֿי ֿי ִֿגִ ֿיֿה אל ת]אר[ ֵה ֿו בכל‬ ‫ושמו ִהלל תמיד כי מראש הרים ראושכה ועם נדיבים הושיבכה ובנחלת‬ ‫כבוד המשילכה רצונו שחר תמיד ‪ vacat‬אביו ֵן אתה אל תאמ ֵר רש אני ול]וא[‬ ‫ֿנה‬ ‫ובכל] [‪ °‬צרוף לבכה ובר ֿוֿב בֿי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אדרוש דעת בכל מוסר הבא שכמכה‬ ‫מחשבותיכה רז נהיה דרוש והתבונן בכל דרכי אמת וכל שורשי עולה‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

4Q416 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

97

[But become thou to him like a wis[e] servant. Moreover do not abase thy soul before one who is not equal to thee, And then thou wilt beco[me] [for him as a father ] One who does not have thy strength do not smite, Lest thou make him (her) to stumble, And thou increase thy own shame greatly. [Do not se]ll thyself for a price. It is good for thee to become a servant in the spirit, And to serve thy oppressors freely. But for [no] price [s]ell thy glory, Or pledge money for thy inheritance (?), Lest it (the money?) dispossess also thy body (?). Do not sate thyself with food vacat when there is no clothing, And do not drink wine when there is no food. Do not seek after delicacies when thou vacat lackest (even) bread. Do not esteem thyself highly for thy poverty when thou art (anyhow?) a pauper, Lest vacat thou bring into contempt thy (own way) of life. Moreover do not treat with dishonour the ‘vessel’ (or ‘wife’) of thy bosom.

Frg. 2 Col. iii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

[ ]thy [ ] And remember that thou art poor [ ] And what thou needest thou shalt not find, And in thy treachery thou shalt [ If a deposit/loan] has been deposited with thee, Do not lay thy hand on (?) it, lest thou/thy hand’(?) be scorched, [And] thy body be burnt by/in its fire. Just a[s thou hast taken] it (sc. the loan), Even so restore it, And jo(vacat)y to thee if thou art exempt from (any obligation arising from) it. Moreover, from any man whom thou hast not known take no money, Lest he/it increase thy poverty. And if he put the responsibility of it (i.e. of the debt) on thy head (or in poverty?), Until death take charge of it, But let not thy spirit be corrupted by him/it. And then (i.e. at death) thou shalt sleep (i.e. die) in faithfulness (?), And at thy death thy memory will flow[er forev]er, And thy posterity will inherit joy. vacat Thou art needy; do not desire something beyond thy share/inheritance, And be not thou confused by it, Lest thou ‘displace thy boundary.’ But if (men) restore thee to splendour (?), walk in it (i.e. in thy 〔《］『) And by the ［÷ that is to come study the origins thereof (i.e. of the mystery). And then thou shalt know what is allotted to it, And in righteousness shalt thou walk, For God will cause His c[ountenan]ce to shine upon all thy ways. To Him who glorifies thee give honour, And praise His name continually, For out of poverty He has lifted up thy head, And with the nobles has He made thee to be seated, And over a glorious heritage has he placed thee in authority; Seek out His good will continually. vacat Thou art needy; do not say ‘I am needy, And I will n[ot] study (?) knowledge. Bring thy shoulder under all instruction, And with all[ ] refine (?) thy heart, And with abundance of understanding (sc. refine) thy thoughts. Study the mystery that is to come, And understand all the ways of Truth, And all the roots of iniquity

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪98‬‬

‫ומה מתוק לגבר כבוד אביכה ברֿיֿשכה‬ ‫תביט ואז תדע מה מר לאיש ִ‬ ‫במצעדיכה כי כאב לאיש כן אבֿיֿה ֿו וכאדנים לגבר כן אמו כי‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ואמכה‬ ‫ֿצר ֵעל ִהרוח כן עובדם וכאשר‬ ‫המשילמה בכה ֿוֿי ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫המה ִכ ֿוֿר הוריכה וכאשר‬ ‫[ ִה ִד ִר ִפניהמה‬ ‫וב]‬ ‫גלה אוזנכה ברז נהיה כבדם למען כבודכה ֵ‬ ‫למען חייכה וארוך ימיכה ‪ vacat‬ואם רש אתה כשה‪]°‬‬ ‫בלוא חוק ‪ vacat‬אשה לקחתה ברֿיֿשכה קח מולד ֵי]‬ ‫מרז נהיה בהתחברכה יחד התהלך עם עזר בשרכה]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. iv‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ֿד‪ֵ°‬ב]ק באשתו ֿוֿהיו לבשר אחד[‬ ‫אביוִ ]ו[ ִאת אמוִִ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫את‬ ‫אביה[‬ ‫אותכה המשיל בה ותש] [‪]°‬‬ ‫מאמה הפרידה ואליכה ]תשוקתה ותהיה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לא המשיל ֵבה‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובניכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לאחר יפריד‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לב ִשר אחד בתכה‬ ‫לך ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ואתה לֿיֿחד עם אשת חֿיֿקכה כי הֿיֿא שאר ע ֵר]ותכה‬ ‫גבול חייהו ֵב]רוחה[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ואשר ימש ֿוֿל בה זולתכה הסיג‬ ‫[‬ ‫ברצ ֵו ֵנ ֵֵכה ולא להוסיף נדר ונדב]ה‬ ‫ִהמשילך להתהלך ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫השב רוחכה לרצונכה וכל שבועת אסרה ל ֵנ ֵֵד ִר ֵנ ֵֵד]ר‬ ‫ִהפר על מוצא פיכה וברצונכה הניא]ה מב[ ִל]י עשות מוצא[‬ ‫[‬ ‫סלח לה] [למענכה אל ֵת ֵרב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שפתיכה‬ ‫[‬ ‫כה ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫בנחל ֵת ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כבודכה‬ ‫[‬ ‫בנחלתכה פן ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫אשת חֿיֿקכה וחרפ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫] [ ִל‪ִ°°°°°‬ה]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִשל ֿוֿמכה ובנחלתכה]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬כי ִמאתו נחלת כל חי ובידו פק‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q416 15. 16. 17.

18. 19. 20. 21.

99

thou shalt contemplate. Then thou shalt know what is bitter for a man, And what is sweet for a person. Honour thy father in thy poverty, And thy mother in thy low estate. For as God (scarcely ‘the Father’) is to a man, so is his own father; And as the Lord is to a person, so is his mother; For they are ‘the womb that was pregnant with thee;’ And just as He has set them in authority over thee And fashioned (thee) according to the Spirit, So serve thou them, And as they have uncovered thy ear to the mystery that is to come, Honour thou them for the sake of thine own honour And with [reverence] venerate their persons, For the sake of thy life and of the length of thy days. vacat And if thou art poor as we[re just as ] without statute vacat, thou hast taken a wife in thy poverty, Take her offspring [in thy lowly estate. But take care lest thou be distracted] from the mystery that is to come while thou keepest company together (with her). Walk together with the helpmeet of thy flesh [According to the statute of God that a man should leave]

Frg. 2 Col. iv 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

his father [and] his mother And should cl[eave to his wife, So that they (. . . ?) should become one flesh]. Thee has He set in authority over her, And she shall o[bey thy voice and Her father (?)] He has not set in authority over her; From her mother He has separated her, But towards thee [shall be her desire, And she shall become] for thee one flesh. Thy daughter He will separate unto another man And thy sons [ ] But thou shalt be made into a unity with the wife of thy bosom, For she is flesh of [‘thy] nak[edness’] And whoever, apart from thee, tries to rule over her has ‘displaced the frontier marker of his life.’ Over [her spirit] hath He set thee in authority, So that she should walk in/according to thy good pleasure. And let her not make numerous vows and votive offering[s;] Turn her (?) spirit to thy good pleasure. And every oath binding on her, that she would vow a v[ow,] Thou shalt annul it by/according to the mere utterance of thy mouth, And at thy good pleasure restrain [her] fr[om performing the rash utterance] of her (?) lips. Forgive (it) her[ ]for thine own sake. Let her not increase[ ] thy glory, In thy heritage [ ] in thy heritage, Lest vacat [ ] the wife of thy bosom, And shame[ ]

Frg. 3 1. 2.

[ ] thy peace, And in thy inheritance[ ] [ ] For from Him comes the inheritance of all that lives, And by His power the visit[ation ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫[ ֵאל תשקֿו ֵט עד תום רשעה כי חרון בכל ק]ץ‬ ‫ֿב ֵד ִצ ִרה כי גדלים רחמי אל ואי ִן ִק ִץ]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵא ִת ֿו ֵ‬ ‫ש[מכה הלל מאד]‬ ‫[ בכל אשר ‪]°‬‬ ‫צבא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ב ִ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֵק] [חרון כי אוהב ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫כור ֵא]‬ ‫עברה כי עליהמה ינפח ֵ‬ ‫ואתה מבין שמחה בנחלת אמת וב‪]°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫ֿד]‬ ‫[ ִאשר פקֿי ֵ‬ ‫[ ִאשר לא פוקד לכה‬ ‫[אם רבה‬ ‫[ֵש‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵבמשפטיך כן ֵר ֵצ ֵה ]‬ ‫[ל] [‪ִ°°‬ה‪[ ]°‬ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫מ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵש]‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֿק ֵח]‬ ‫ֵה ֿו ִ‬ ‫נ[ ֵה ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ ופקודת מעשה ואז ]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִזִ ל שפתיו לפי רוחו ֿוֿקח]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ולצל] ֿוֿח‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לבבו‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[בה ֿוֿרת ‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‪ °‬וגם ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[תה והיית ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ש ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q416 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

101

[ ]be thou not silent, Until wickedness comes to an end; For there will be wrath in every pe[riod ] [ ]affliction will not perish, For great are the mercies of God, And there is no end [to His lovingkindnesses ] [ ]thy[ na]me praise thou exceedingly[ ] [ ] in all that [ ] [ ] in their host [ ]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3.

t[ime of] wrath, For He loves [ anger, For against them the furnace is fanned [ And thou, O understanding one, rejoice in the inheritance of truth, And in [

] ] ]

Frg. 5 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]which is appointed[ ]which has not been entrusted to you ] if it is great

]

Frg. 6 1.

[

]in thy judgements thus (or truly) He takes delight [

]

Frg. 8 1.

[

] his heart, And to pros[per

]

Frg. 9 1.

[

] on her that is pregnant

[

]

Frg. 10 1.

[

]

And moreover

[

]

Frg. 11 1.

[

]

and thou (fem.) hast been/wilt be [

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪102‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 12, 13, and 15 desunt‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵל]‬ ‫[ ִל ֵכ ֵו ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵתכה תש‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬בר ֿוֿח‪] °‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 17‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬י ִֵוִ‬ ‫[רצונכה‬ ‫ר[ ֵז נהיה ‪ vacat‬ודע‬ ‫[בֿיֿתכה ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵעלֿיֵו‪°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [ֿיֿן ופרי לשונ ֿו]‬ ‫[‪°‬מים בבואכה ֵב]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ִמעשיהם ]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[שיכה ]‬ ‫[ ֵש ֵב ֿוֿת‪]°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫] [‪ °‬בא]‬ ‫שמ‪]°‬‬ ‫] [ֿי ֵן ֵ‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫] [‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ספר]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫אבד]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q417 (4QInstructionc) ed. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J.,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 1 Col. i (formerly 2 i‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫מב]י[ֵן]‬ ‫ו[ ֵאתה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫פלא]י אל הנוראים ֵתשכיל ראש ‪°‬‬ ‫[ ‪ֵ °°°‬ה ֵב ֵט ]ו[ ֵב ֵר ִזִ ֿי ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵה ֵב ִט] ברז נהיה ומעשי קדם למה נהיה ומה נהיה[‬ ‫בפ‪ֵ [ ]°‬כה ‪ֵ °°°‬ו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵל ֿו ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫למה[‬ ‫לתש]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לם‬ ‫]במה [‪°° °°‬ל‪ ]°°°‬עו[ ֵ‬

4Q417

103

Frg. 14 2.

[

] for all[

]

Frg. 16 2.

[

]

by/in thy spirit

[

]

Frg. 17 2. 3.

[ [

]thy good will m]ystery that is to come, vacat And know

Frg. 18 2. 3. 4.

[ ] [ ] [

and the fruit of his tongue[ in thy going in [ ]their deeds [

] ] ]

Frg. 21 1.

[

]

recount[

]

Frg. 22 1.

[

] perish[

]

4Q417 (4QInstructionc) trans. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J. Frg. 1 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ And] thou, O underst[a]nding one [ ] [ ] gaze thou on, [And] on the wondrous myster[ies of the God of the Awesome Ones thou shalt ponder. The beginnings of ] [ ][ ] And gaze[ on the mystery that is to come, And the deeds of old, On what is to be, And what is to be] [in what ]for ev[er [ to what]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪104‬‬

‫ֵמ ֵע]שה [‬ ‫עשה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵש ֵב ֵכ ֵוֵל]‬ ‫]הויא ולמה נהיה במה‬ ‫יומם ולילה הגה ברז נ[היה }ו{דורש תמ ֵי ֵֵד ואז תדע אמת ועול חכמה‬ ‫]‬ ‫פקודת ִם לכול קצי עולם ופקודת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ואול[ ִת ֵת] [‪ֵ °°°‬מ ֵע ֵש]ה [ ֵבכול דרכיהם עם‬ ‫סוד אמת וברז נהיה‬ ‫עד ואז תדע ב ִי ִן ]טו[ב ֵל]רע ֵכ[ ֵמ ֵע ֵש ֵי]הם [ ֵכ ֵיֵא אל הדעות ֵ‬ ‫ֵה ‪]°°°‬לכל חכ[מה ולכל] ע[רמה יצרה וממשלת מעשיה‬ ‫ֿשה ֵוֵמעש ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ֵפ ֵרש ֵא ֵת ִא ֿו ִ‬ ‫למ]ב[ֿיֿנתם לכול מ]עשי[ ִה‬ ‫בא‪ ]°‬פ[ ִרש ִ‬ ‫למה ֵו ֵֵכול] א[ת ֵכ]ו[ֵל‪ֵ °°‬‬ ‫לכ]ו[ ִל‪ֵ °°°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫להתהלך‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ריה ובכושר מבֿיֿנות ֵנ ֵו ֵֵד]עו נס[ ֵתרי‬ ‫ֿנת ֵם ֿוֿיֿפרש ִל ֵא‪]°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫ב]יצר [מבֿי ִ‬ ‫מחשבתו עם התהלכ ֿו] ת[ ֵמ ֵיֵם] בכול מ[ ִעשיו אלה שחר תמיד והתבונן] בכו[ל‬ ‫ִאת ֵה‬ ‫תוצאותמה ואז תדע בכבוד ֵע]וזו ע[ם רזי פלאו וגבורות מעשיו ִו ִ‬ ‫ה ••‬ ‫דה‬ ‫הפקוִ ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כוִ ל‬ ‫חוקכה ֵוֵחקוק ִ‬ ‫מבין ר ֿוֿש פעלתכה בזכרון ִה ֵש]לום כי [בא ֵח ֵר ִוִ ִת‬ ‫••‬ ‫[ בני ש ֿוֿת וספר זכרון כתוב לפניו‬ ‫כי חרות מחוקק לאל על כול ע‪]°°‬‬ ‫עם‬ ‫לשמרי דברו וה ֿוֿאה חזון ֵההג ֿו ֵי ֵלספר זכרון וינחיל ֵו ֵנ ֵו לאנוש עם רוח ֵכ]י[ֵא‬ ‫כתבנית קדושים יצרו ועוד לוא נתן הג ֿוֿי לרוח בשר כי לא ידע בין‬ ‫]טו[ ִב לרע כמשפט ]ר[וח ֿו] [ ‪ vacat‬ואתה בן מבין הבט ‪ vacat‬ברז נהיה ודע‬ ‫[ל] [‬ ‫[ל] [ ִה ֿוֿע ֿו]‬ ‫עש]י‬ ‫] [ת כול חי ִוִהתהלכו ֵהפק ֿוֿד ֵע ֵל ֵמ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובסודכמה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ביןִ רוב למעט‬ ‫ֵה ִ‬ ‫]הב[ ֵי ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫נהיה] [‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵצֿיֿכה ברז‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובכ ִוִ ל ]‬ ‫[ ִי כול חזון] [ ֵדע ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫כיא כול הנוגע[‬ ‫בעולה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵת]ת[ ֵח ֵזֵק תמיד אל ת ֿוֿגע‬ ‫ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫בה לא ינקה כפי ִנִחלתו בה ֿיֿר]שע‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובא ֿוֿש]‬ ‫ִב ֵן משכיל התבונן ברזיכה ֵ‬

4Q417 5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

10. 11.

12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

17.

18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

105

[is, And to what is to be in what] in every[ ]act and a[ct ] [And by day and by night meditate upon the mystery that is to] come, And study (it) continually. And then thou shalt know truth and iniquity, wisdom [and foolish]ness thou shalt [recognize], every ac[t ]in all their ways, Together with their punishment(s) in all ages everlasting, And the punishment of eternity. Then thou shalt discern between the [goo]d and [evil according to their] deeds. For the God of knowledge is the foundation of truth And by/on the mystery that is to come He has laid out its (= truth’s) foundation, And its deeds [He has prepared with all wis]dom And with all[ c]unning has He fashioned it, And the domain of its deeds (creatures) with a[ll] its secrets [has He ] [ ] He [ex]pounded for their un[der]standing every d[ee]d/cr[eatu]re So that man could walk in the [fashion (inclination)] of their/his understanding, And He will/did expound for m[an ] And in abundance/property/purity of understanding were made kn[own the se]crets of his (?man’s) plan, together with how he should walk[ p]erfec[t in all] his [ac]tions. These things investigate/seek early and continually, And gain understanding [about a]ll their outcomes. And then thou shalt know about the glory of [His] m[ight, Toge]ther with His marvellous mysteries and the mighty acts He has wrought. But thou, O understanding one, study (inherit?) thy reward, Remembering the re[quital, for] it comes. Engraved is the/thy ordinance/destiny, And ordained is all the punishment. For engraved is that which is ordained by God against all the ini[quities of] the children of ‫ש ֿוֿת‬, And written in His presence is a book of memorial of those who keep His word. And that is the appearance/vision of the meditation on a book of memorial. And He /‫ )?(ש ֿוֿת‬gave it as an inheritance to Man/Enosh Together with a spiritual people. F[o]r according to the pattern of the Holy Ones is his (man’s) fashioning. But no more has meditation been given to a (?) fleshly spirit, For it (sc. flesh) knew/knows not the difference between [goo]d and evil according to the judgement of its [sp]irit. vacat And thou, O understanding child, gaze vacat on the mystery that is to come, And know [the paths of] everyone that lives And the manner of his walking that is appointed for [his] deed[s ] [Understand the dif]ference between the great and the small. And in your counsel[ ] [ ] thy in the mystery that is to come [ ] [ ] of every vision [ ]know. And in all [ ] a[ct ]with strength continually. Do not be contaminated by evildoing [ for every one who is contaminated] with it shall not be treated as guiltless. According to his inheritance in it he shall be tr[eated as wicked And thou,] O sage child, get understanding about all the mysteries concerning thee, And about the foundations of[ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫] י[ ֿוֿסד ֿו בכה ֵכ ֵו]ל [‪ֵ °°‬יֵהן עם ִפעולת]‬ ‫ואחרי‬ ‫יכמה]‬ ‫בכמ]ה [ }ֵו{ע ִי]נ[ ִ‬ ‫ִל ֵוֵא תתרו אחר]י[ ֵל ֵב ֵ‬

‫‪106‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 1 Col. ii (formerly 2 ii‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫] [‪]°‬‬ ‫ברז ִנ ִֵה]י[ֵה]‬ ‫לפ]‬ ‫‪ִ °‬נִ חומים ֵ‬ ‫תמ]ים‬ ‫התהלך ֵ‬ ‫‪°‬ברך שמ ֵו ]‬ ‫שמחתכה ֵה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ִמ‬ ‫גדולים רחמי ֵא]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בר]ך‬ ‫הלל אל ועל כול נגע ֵ‬ ‫ֵב ֵרצונ ֿו היו והואה מבין ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵו ֵ‬ ‫כול דרכיכה ע‪ֵ [ ]°‬ש ]‬ ‫ֿוֿפק ֿוֿד ִ‬ ‫ֿצר רע]‬ ‫אל תפתכה מחשבת ֿי ִ‬ ‫לאמת תדרוש אל תפתכה ֵמ‪]°‬‬ ‫צוה‬ ‫בלוא נבונות בשר אל תשגכ]ה‬ ‫תאמ ֵר ]‬ ‫[ אל ֵ‬ ‫תחשוב ]‬ ‫ֵכ ֵן ]‬

‫)‪Frg. 2 Col. i (formerly 1 i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫[‬ ‫וכר ֵוֵח ִו דבר ב ִו פן י‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵב ִכול עת פן ישבעכה ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫לוִ והנק שר ‪]°‬‬ ‫בלוא הוכח הכשר עבור ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫וגם את רוחו לא תבלע כיא בדממה דברת]ה‬ ‫[‬ ‫תעב ֿוֿר על פשעיכה ]כיא‬ ‫ותוכחתו ספר מהר ואל ִ‬ ‫סליחה[‬ ‫בש]רים ועם‬ ‫ֿיֿצדק כמוכה הואה כיא הואה }כיא הואה{ שר ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ִיִעשה כיא מה הואה יחיד בכול מעשה לבלתי ‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֵא ]ברעיכה לבלתי הריעכה[‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ואיש עול אל תחשוב עזר וגם א ֵי ֵן ש ֿו ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫‪ֵ °‬ק ֵה[‬ ‫תת ֵהלך עמו ]‬ ‫ֵרשע מעשיו עם פקדתו ודע במה ֵ‬ ‫‪frg. 23‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫תר ֵחב ]נפשכה בראשכה‬ ‫אל ‪ vacat‬תמ ֿוֿש מלבכה ואל לכה לבדכה ִ‬ ‫ח‬ ‫תעמל בחֿיֿכ]ה הבט ברז [‬ ‫כיא מה צעיר מרש ואל תשם באבלכה ִפן ֵ‬

4Q417

107

26.

[Fou]nded upon thee (are) a[ll] their [deeds] Together with the reward of [their

27.

Ye shall not go astray afte[r] you[r] heart And

after

your e[y]es[

] ]

Frg. 1 Col. ii 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

on the mystery that is to c[o]me[ ] And comfort to [ ] walk thou perfe[ct ] bless thou His name [ ] from (in) thy joy [ for] great is the compassion of G[od ] praise thou God, And despite every stroke ble[ss His name ] And by His good pleasure they came into being. {And} He makes to understand [ ] He will punish all thy ways [ ] [ ] Let not the thought of an evil inclination mislead thee[ ] thou shalt faithfully seek. Let not the th[ought of an evil inclination] mislead thee[ ] without His appointing the understandings of the flesh. Let not there lead th[ee] astr[ay ] thou shalt reckon [ ]. Do not say [ ] thus [ ]

Frg. 2 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

at every time, lest he conjure (sate?) thee. And according to his spirit speak thou against him, Lest he[ ] Without reproaching the noble, forgive him, And he who is bound up (bewitched?) [ ] Moreover thou shalt not confound his spirit, For in silence (calmness) thou hast spoken [ ] And make haste to recount a rebuke towards him, But do not overlook thy own sins. [For ] He indeed will declare righteous like thee; For He {for He}‚ is a prince among prin[ces. And with forgiveness] will He work; For how unique is He among every creature So as not to [ ] vacat Also, do not count a man of iniquity as a helper, And moreover let there be no enemy [among thy acquaintances, so that there may not harm thee] the wickedness of his deeds together with his punishment. But know in what way thou mayest walk with him [ ] let it not vacat be removed from thy heart, And not for thyself alone shalt thou increase [thy appetite when thou art in poverty,] For what is more insignificant than a poor man? And do not rejoice in thy mourning (when thou shouldst mourn), Lest thou have trouble in thy life (i.e. when thou shouldst live prosperously). [Gaze upon the mystery]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫‪108‬‬

‫וע ֵמל ֵהלוא] שים ששון לנכאי רוח[‬ ‫כבוד ֵ‬ ‫נהיה ֿוֿקח מ ֿוֿלדי ֵיֵשע ודע מי ִנוִ חל ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫צכה וא ֵי ֵן ‪]°‬‬ ‫ולאבליהמה שמחת עולם היה בעל ריב ִל ֵח ִפ ִ‬ ‫[ֵה‬ ‫תק]ח‬ ‫דב]ר [ ִמשפטיכה כמושל צדיק ִא ִל ִ‬ ‫לכול נעו ֿוֿתכה ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵש ֵענֿי ברֿיֿבך משפט ֵו]‬ ‫ואל תעב ֿוֿר על] פש[עיכה היה ֵכ ִא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫חטאות ֵכ ֵה ]כי[א לפני ]אפו [‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ועבר על‬ ‫קח ואז יראה אל ֿוֿשב אפו ִ‬ ‫לוא יעמוד כול ומי יצדק במשפט ֵו ובלי סליחה] א[ ֵיֵכה ]יקום לפניו כול [‬ ‫בא ] ביחד א[ִם‬ ‫ה[ ֵ‬ ‫תחסר טרף מחסורכה ומותריכה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אביון ואתה אם‬ ‫[‬ ‫תותיר הובל למח ֿו ֵז חפצו ונחלתכה קח ֵממנו ואל תוסף ע ֵו]ד ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫אוצר]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מבלֿי הון מחסורכה כיא לוא יחסר‬ ‫ֵאם תחסר לוא ֵ‬ ‫ֵו ֵ‬ ‫פיהו ֿיֿהיה כול ואת אשר יטריפכה ֵא ֵכ ֵוֵל ואל תוסף ִעוד ֵפ]ן ‪ °°°°‬תקצֿיֿר[‬ ‫למחסורכה אל ]דומי לכ[ֵה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪ vacat‬אם הון אנש]י[ ִם תלוה‬ ‫‪ vacat‬חייכה‬ ‫ֵש]ה בכה משיו [אל תכזב‬ ‫לנפשכ ֵה ]עד [ ֵהשיבכה ל ִנ ֵו ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יומם ולילה ואל מנוח‬ ‫ולוא תאמין ע[ ֵו ֵֵד לרעהו‬ ‫לו למה תשה עון וגם מחרפה ל ֵנ]ושה בכה‬ ‫וכמוהו לוה ודע מא ֵג]ר[‬ ‫כחכה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ובמחסורכה יקפץ ידו‬ ‫‪ֵ °‬א ִב אל תסתר מנוגע בכה[‬ ‫ֿאץ ]‬ ‫ואם נגע יפגשכה ֿו ִ‬ ‫מושל בו ואז[‬ ‫חר]פ[ ֵת ֵכה ה ]‬ ‫ֵפן יגלה ֵ‬ ‫‪ֵ °‬כ ִה ואפס[‬ ‫בשבט ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לא יכנו‬ ‫‪ֵ °‬ב ֵר ֵה[‬ ‫ע]וד [וגם ִא ֵת ֵה] בן מבין‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 2 Col. ii (formerly 1 ii) + 23‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫של]וח‬ ‫ֵץ ידכה לבלתי ֵ‬ ‫תא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫]א[ם ִ‬ ‫ֵט]ר[ ֵפכה כי ֵה ֿוֿא פתח רחמיו]‬ ‫לכ]ול חי‬ ‫טרף ֵ‬ ‫כול מחסו ֵר ִי אוט ִו ִוִ לתת ִ‬ ‫יקפוץ ידו ונאספה רו]ח כול בשר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]אם[‬ ‫ֵב ֵח]רפת[ ֵנֵו תכסה פ ִנ ִי ִֵכ]ה‬ ‫] [ ֿוֿל בה ֵו ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q417 11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

25. 26. 27. 28.

109

that is to come, and comprehend the birth-times of salvation, And know who is to inherit glory (= glorious immortality?) and toil. Has not[ rejoicing been appointed for the contrite of spirit] And for those among them who mourn eternal joy? Be an advocate on behalf of thy own interests And let not[ thy soul be contaminated] by every perversity of thine. Pronoun[ce] thy judgements like a righteous ruler. Do not ta[ke ] And do not overlook thy own [si]ns. Be like a humble man when thou contendest for a judgement in favour of him[, But vengeance from thy enemies] thou shalt take. And then God will be seen, and His anger will abate, and He will overlook thy sins. [Fo]r before [His anger] none will stand, And who will be declared righteous when He gives judgement? And without forgiveness [h]ow [can any poor man stand before Him?] And thou, if thou lackest food in thy poverty, Then thy surpluses [ bring in together/into the community / into thy associate’s possession. I]f thou leavest them over, Carry it to its desired haven, And take thy share from Him (him/it), And do not (sc. take) any mor[e. vacat ] ] And if thou art in poverty, for what thou lackest, borrow (sic) without having any money, For [thy/His] treasure house [God] will not make (to be empty lacking in anything) [ According to] His command will everything come into being, And that which He gives thee for food Eat it and do not [sc. eat] any more, Le[st by gluttony thou short]en vacat thy life. vacat If thou borrowest m[e]n’s money for thy poverty, Let there be no [sleep for th]ee day or night, and no rest for thy soul, [Until] thou hast restored to [thy] credito[r] his[ loan]. Do not lie to him, lest thou shouldst bear guilt (for it). Moreover, because of reproach to/from [thy ]cr[editor [ And thou wilt not] any more [trust (entrust it to)] his neighbour. Then against/to thy poverty he (the lender, or his neighbour) will close his hand. Thy strength [ And like him borrow, And know Him who has lent thee it (or ‘thy reward’ or ‘thy repayment’).] And if a flogging befall thee, And it hasten[ pain do not conceal from him who flogs thee] Lest he uncover thy rep[r]oach [ a ruler over him, And then] he (?) will not smite him (?) with a rod [ and no] m[ore]. Moreover, O thou[ understanding child ]

Frgs. 2 Col. ii + 23 For the translation, see the composite text presented at 4Q416 2 ii.

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫ֵס‬

‫ואת ֵה]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬מהר שלם ִ‬ ‫ֵלנושה בוִִ ]‬ ‫ה‬ ‫ֵת‪°°°‬ה ֵכול ֵח]ייכה בו‬ ‫לנוִשה בך בעד רעיכה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫תמעט]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ובדבריכ ִה אל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כיסכה‬ ‫ֵה]‬ ‫ֵק]דו[ ֵשכה כיא א]י[ ֵן ֵמחיר ִשו ֵו ֵ‬ ‫שח ֵר ֵפ ֵנ]יו‬ ‫ֿש ֵלוא ֿיֿטכה ברצי]ן[ ֵ‬ ‫אֿי ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֵמ ִח ֵר ֵפתכה אל ֵו ֵֵכ]ו[ ִל]‬ ‫]עבוד[ ֵת ֵו ]יפקוד לכה‬ ‫]עד [ ֵעשותכה ֵמ ִצ ֵו]ותיו‬ ‫]תותר [לו א]ף [‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫אה ֵכ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫] [ֿיֿצ‪] °‬כה ור[ ֵ‬ ‫]ו[ ֵגֵם] בר[ ֵצ ִוִ נ ִו ת]ח[ ִזִ ִיִק ע]בודתו‬ ‫תֿיֿעצנו והיית ל ֵו]‬ ‫עב]ד‬ ‫כי אתה ֵ‬ ‫לעב]ד‬ ‫דמה לו ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לע]בד‬ ‫ואז תהיה לו ִ‬ ‫וחרפתכה תרבה ֵמ]אודה‬ ‫תע]בוד‬ ‫עבד בר ִוִח וחנם ֵ‬ ‫בנחלת]כה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ואל תערב הון‬ ‫כס ֿוֿת אל תשת יין ואין ֵא]כל‬ ‫חסוריכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫במ‬ ‫אל תתכבד ֵ‬ ‫ִכ ִל ֵי] חוקכה [ ֵו ֵֵכ ֵוֵל]‬

‫‪110‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫כול[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫אל[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫וגם אל תקל[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ֿנת]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ם מות ֿיֿתנו באֿיֿש ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵעליו כמשפט הצ ֿו]ן‬ ‫הת[בונן מואדה בכול ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[בשר עם תענית ]‬ ‫[‪ °°°‬הֿיֿאה וארוכה ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ ֵג‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪°‬ע‪°‬‬ ‫[ע‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿת]‬ ‫‪°°‬ע כס ֿו ֵ‬ ‫תח]‬ ‫להפ ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נדה‬ ‫שמכה יפרח ִל ִע ֵו]לם‬ ‫לבֿיֿתכה שד‪ֵ °‬כ ֵה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ממשפט]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ש‪ [ ] °‬ו‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬א ֵש ֵר ֵע]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q417

111

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

] death they will put in (?) a man, and [ ] ] upon it, according to the rule/judging of the flo[ck (or of righteousness)] con]template intently all the [ ] of ]flesh with the affliction of [ ] ] shall it be, and long [ ]

Frg. 4 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

cover [ impurity, So that there should be opened [ Thy name shall flourish for ev[er to thy house destruction [ [ ] from judgement [

] ] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪112‬‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]אויל[ ֵי ֵל ִב]‬ ‫ִל ִלו נוסד ומ]ה‬ ‫ִעולם תשובת]כמה‬ ‫רבכמה ו]כול‬ ‫]ע[ל ִ‬ ‫]ישמדו [ ֵכול א]וילי‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ל ֿוֿפיכמ]ה‬ ‫כו[ ֵל חוקי ִא]ל‬ ‫[ ֵוֵאל ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵלנ ֿו ֿוֿל]‬ ‫כ[ול חֿי וזול]ת‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵה ‪]°‬‬ ‫פש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ אב‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ע‪] °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫)‪Frg. 11 (formerly 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫[כי אל ֵמ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °°‬צדק ֵו ֵא‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל]כו[ל א ֵנ]‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫שמם ֵב]‬ ‫קרא ִ‬ ‫תעשה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫וכן‬ ‫האמת ֵר]‬ ‫הרוח]‬ ‫‪ֵ °‬כ ֵוֵל] [ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵל ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ד ע ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵע ֵמ ֵה התהלך ב‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵשמות ִפרש אל לֿי ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵב ֵי ֵג ֵו ֵן ] [‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫לכל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫בר‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵל]‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬ו כיא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ כנפיהן משא]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‪]°°°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֿש]‬ ‫[‪ °‬אֿי ֵ‬ ‫[לא]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[מה כיא ]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q417

113

Frg. 6 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] and your mou[th a]ll the statutes of G[od ]and God [

] ] ]

Frg. 7 2.

[ al]l that is living, And apart fro[m ]

Frg. 11 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] for God [ ] His righteousness ] for [al]l [

[

] ] ]

Frg. 13 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

He called their name [ and thus thou shalt do [ the truth [ the spirit [ all[ ] [

] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 14 3. 4. 5.

[ ] with her walk in [ [ ] God expounded the names for [ ] in sorrow [

] [] ]

Frg. 16 1. 2.

[ ] for [ [ ] their wings lifting up[

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪114‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵצ ֵד ֵק ] [‪ֿ °[ ]°°‬וֿיֿשחר]‬ ‫בדב ֿוֿרה הלוא ‪ֵ °°‬ת בכנפיה ֿי‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫רע]הו‬ ‫לך בצדק את ֵ‬ ‫[ ִל] [ ִל ֵמצ ֿוֿה ֿי ִֿת ִה ֵ‬ ‫לחמה ]ו[תחמל על תנוב]תה‬ ‫[‪°‬תכן ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8a‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵהנעשה ] [ ‪ֵ°‬ה]‬ ‫נ[ ֵפ ִלאות אל תסכיל ֿו] [ ‪]°‬‬ ‫וא]ל[ תשב ֿוֿת ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל ִמעשה ֵ‬ ‫יד]‬ ‫לעו[לם ]ו[לעד] [ה ֵוֵאה ֵ‬ ‫ֿכב ֿוֿד ֵכל‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵאמת ֿו ֵ‬ ‫השכ]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֿלפֿי‬ ‫[ִא‪ֿ °‬ו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ִֿד ֵב ִר‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵל]‬ ‫[ א‪ֵ °°°‬כ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[א ]‬ ‫באר]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[ל‪°°°‬א ֵנ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ֵכ]‬ ‫תשע יד ‪]°‬‬ ‫בר‪]° °‬‬ ‫וד ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿש]‬ ‫אֿי ֵ‬ ‫חר]‬ ‫ִמ ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵעמ ֿו ֿיֿש]ראל‬

‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִא ִתה ֵנ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא את‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫וגם]‬ ‫[‪°‬אכה ִ‬ ‫בעת ]‬ ‫[ ִעֿיֿן ִ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[אוהבי]‬ ‫[ בינה ֵש]‬

‫]‬

‫א[ ֵל ֵתדרוש]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 26 (formerly 30‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 27‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬

4Q417

115

Frg. 19 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ] righteousness [ ] and he will seek [ [ ] with a bee. Shall not with her wings [ [ according ]to [eve]ry commandment may he walk in righteousness with [his] neighbour[ ] [ ]mete out her food, [and] she will spare [her] pro[duce

] ]

]

Frg. 20 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8a.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

]what is to be done [ ] [ mar]vels of God ye shall understand [ ] [ eve]ry deed, and do n[ot] cease [ for ev]er [and] ever He shall [ ] faithfulness and the glory of [ ] and according to the in[sight ] word [ ] all[

] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 27 1. 2.

[ [

]lovers of [ ] understanding

[

] ]

Frg. 28 1.

[

] seek thou n[ot

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪116‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 29 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[וא ֵז ֵנֵם‬ ‫[ש‪°°°‬ל ֵי‬ ‫ֵעת‬ ‫[ ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם‬ ‫כשמש‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫מעשר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵל‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵבֿי ֵנ ֿוֿתֿו‬ ‫שמ‪°°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[‪°°°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪4Q418 (4QInstructiond) ed. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J.,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫לפי צבאם ולמ[ ִש ֿוֿר במשורה ול‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵש]‬ ‫לממלכה וממלכה למדינה[ ומדינה לאיש וא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫לפי מחסור צבא[ ִם ומשפט כולם ל ֿו]‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[ ומאורות] [ל]‬ ‫‪°°°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frgs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ספר ֿו‬ ‫[ ֵו זה ִל]זה וכול פקודתמה ֵי‪°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫מ[שמים ]ישפו[ט על ]עבודת רש[ ִעה וכול] בני אמת ֵו ֿיֿרצ ֿו ֵלו‬ ‫]‬ ‫ירא]‪[ °‬‬ ‫הת]גללו[ בה כי שמים ֵ‬ ‫קצה [ ֿוֿי ִֿפחדו ]וי[ ֵר ִעו כול אשר ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫כול רוח ב[שר ובני השמי]ם[‬ ‫ויתר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ימים[ ותהום פחדו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫האמת[‪ִ °°‬ל ִם ‪ֵ°°°‬ל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫עוִלה תתם עד ֿיֿשלם ]קץ‬ ‫]יגילו ביום השפ[ ֵט ֵה וכול ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ִבכול קצי עד כיא אל אמת הוא] ומקדם שנֿיֿם‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫לרע] ל‪°‬ם כול מש‪°‬‬ ‫[ ִל להבין צדיק בין טוב ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫כי[א יצר בשר הואה ומבינֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל] [ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[שפט‬ ‫[ֵם‬

‫]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ש ֵכ ֵה]‬ ‫ֿפ]‬ ‫[ ִמה ש ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֿתה ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬נֵע ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ֵל]‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫רז [נהיה ]‬

‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

117

Frg. 29 Col. i

5. 6. 7.

[ [ [

]

like the sun ]for a tithe ]his understanding

4Q418 (4QInstructiond) trans. J. Strugnell and D. Harrington, S. J. For the translation of frgs. 1, 2, 2a, 2b, and 2c see the composite text presented at 4Q416 1.

Frg. 3

Frg. 4 See also 4Q418a 23.

1.

Frg. 6 1.

[

[

]judgement

Frg. 5 ] its perversities [

]

1.

[ mystery ]that is to come [

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪118‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 7a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ואז יראה [אל ֿוֿשב אפו ֿוֿע]בר‬

‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]על חטאותכה כיא לפני אפו לוא יעמוד כול ומי יצ[ ֵד ִיִק במשפטיו ו]בלי‬ ‫סליחה איכה[‬

‫)?( ‪Frgs. 7b + 199 (?) + 64 (?) + 66‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫תחסר טרף מחסורכה ומותיריכה הבא ביחד[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]יקום לפניו אביון ואתה אם‬ ‫אם תותיר הובל למחוז חפצו ונחלתכה קח ממנו ואל תוסף עוד ואם[‬ ‫] ֵ‬ ‫]תחסר לוא ֵמ ֵבלי ֵהון מחסורכה כי לוא יחסר אוצר אל ועל [פיהו‬ ‫ואת אשר יטריפכה אכול ואל תוסף עוד פן תק[ ִצֿיֿר חייכה‬ ‫]יהיה כול‬ ‫דומי לכה יומם ול[ילה ואל מנ ֿוֿח‬ ‫]אם הון אנשים תלוא למחסורכה אל‬ ‫‪ °‬אל תכזב לו למה ת[שא עוון וגם‬ ‫]לנפשכה עד השיבכה לנושה‬ ‫ולוא תאמין עוד לרעהו וב[ ִמחסורכה ֿיֿקב ֵוֵץ‬ ‫]מחרפה ל‪°°‬‬ ‫וכמוהו לוה ודע מאגרכה ו[אם נגע יפגשכה‬ ‫]ידו כחכה‬ ‫ב אל תסתר מנוגעכה[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ואץ‬ ‫] ֵ‬ ‫מושל בו [ואז לוא ]יכנו[ בשבט‬ ‫פת ֵכה ה‬ ‫חר ֵ‬ ‫]פן יגלה ֵ‬ ‫כה [ ִוִאפץ ִעוד‬ ‫ח‪°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵע ֵב ֵר ֵה אם‬ ‫]וגם אתה‬ ‫[לשאל טרפכה‬ ‫]תאיץ ידכה לבלתי של‬ ‫כ[ול חסרי‬ ‫]כיא הוא פתח רחמיו‬ ‫‪For the translation of these fragments, see the composite text presented at‬‬ ‫‪4Q417 2 i and 4Q416 2 i.‬‬ ‫]‪Frgs. 8 (+ 8a + 8b + 8c [= frg. 21]) + 8d [= frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫א[ם יקפוץ ]ידו ונאספה רוח כול בשר[‬ ‫]אוטו ולתת טרף לכול חי ואין‪°‬‬ ‫ֵיֵל בה[ ובח]רפתנו תכסה פניכה ובאולתו[‬ ‫]אל תקח‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵאם בהון ] ישה הנושה בו מהר[‬ ‫]מאסיר כמה‬ ‫]שלם וא[תה ֵת]שוה בו כיא כיס ֵצ[פ ֿוֿניכה פקדת]ה לנושה בכה בעד רעיכה[‬ ‫] ‪°‬ה כו[ל חייכ]ה בו מהר תן אש[ר לוא ֿיֿקח כיסכה ו]בדבריכה אל תמעט[‬ ‫רוחכה בכול הון אל [תאמר רוח קדושה כיא א]ין מהיר שוה [‬ ‫]‬ ‫איש לוא יטכ[ה ברצונו שחר פנ ֵי]ו וכלשונו דבר ‪ vacat‬ואז[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵר לו וחקיכ]ה אל תרף וברזיכה‬ ‫תכה אל וכול‬ ‫]תמצא חפצכה‬ ‫השמר[‬ ‫יפקוד לכ[ ֵה אל מנ ֿוֿח ֵב]נפשכה ואל תנומה לעיניכה[‬ ‫מאדה אם עבודתו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫מע]‬ ‫[ד ֵ‬ ‫]עד עשותכה מצו‪ °°°‬ואל תוסף [ואם יש להצניע]‬ ‫שא[‬ ‫ונפלה א]‬ ‫]ואל תותר לו אף הו[ ֵן בל ֿו] [ ֵתנֿי פן יומר בזני ֵ‬ ‫ֵנ ֵו ֵגֵם[‬ ‫]עיניכה וראה כיא [רבה קנאת אנוש ועקוב הלב מ]כול‬ ‫‪°°‬תֿיֿעצנו[‬ ‫[ש‪]°°‬‬ ‫תחזיק [ ֵע ֵבודתו וחכמת אטֿי]‬ ‫]ברצונו‬ ‫]והיית לו לבן בכור וחמ[ל עליכה כאיש ]על יחידו כי אתה עבדו ובחי[רו‬ ‫ואתה] [‬ ‫[לעבד‬ ‫]אל תבטח למה תש ֵנֵא ואל תשקוד ממדהבכה ואתה ‪°‬דמה לו‬ ‫משכיל‬ ‫]וגם אל תשפל נפשכה לאשר לוא שוה בכה ואז תהיה לו לאב לאש[ר אין‬ ‫]כוחכה[‬

‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪4Q418‬‬

‫[‬

‫]אל תגע פן תכשל וחרפתכה תרבה מאודה אל תמכור נ[פשכה ]בהון‬ ‫‪For the translation of frg. 8 see the composite text presented at 4Q416 2 ii.‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 9 + 9a + 9b + 9c‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪°‬ים[‬

‫]וב[ֵמ]על[ֵכ]ה תת ‪°‬‬ ‫לכה] אל תשלח[ ידכה ֵב]ו פן תכוה ובאשו תבער גויתכה כאשר[‬ ‫פקדו ִ‬ ‫תה ֵכ]ן השיבהו ושמחה [ל]כה אם תנקה ממנו וגם מכול איש[‬ ‫לקח[ ֵ‬ ‫אשר ל]וא ידעתה אל תקח ה[ון פן] יוסף על רֿיֿשכה ואם שמו[‬ ‫ורוח ֵכ]ה אל תחבל בו ואז תשכב עם האמת[‬ ‫בר ֿוֿשכה למות] הפקי[ ֵדהו ֵ‬ ‫ובמותכה יפרח ]לעו[ ִל]ם[ זכרכה] ואחריתכה תנחל שמחה[ ‪ vacat‬אביון‬ ‫זולת] נחלתכה ו[ֵא]ל[ תת]בלע בה פן תסיג גבו[לכה ואם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אתה אל תתאו‬ ‫יושיבוכה לכ]בו[ ִד ִב]ה ה[תהלך ‪] vacat‬וברז נהיה [ ִדרו]ש מו[ ִל ִדו ואז‬ ‫הל ִך ֵב ֿו יגֿיֿה אל ֵת] ֵא ֵרהו בכו[ל דרכיכה ]ל[ ֵמ ִכבדכה‬ ‫תדע נחלתו ובצדק ִת ִת ִ‬ ‫אל ת]ארהו ב[ ֵכ ֵוֵל ֵד ֵר ֵכיכה‬ ‫ֵב ִצ ֵד ִק ֵת ֵת ִהלך כי ֿיֿגֿיֿה ֵ‬ ‫נִח]ל[ ִת ֵו ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ואז ]תדע [ ִ ֵ‬ ‫} ֵ‬ ‫למכבדכה{‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫תן ה]ד[ר ושמו הלל תמיד כיא מראש ִה ֵר ֵי]ם רא[שכה עם נדיבים‬ ‫המשילכה רצ]ונו ש[ ֵחר תמיד ‪vacat‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כבוד‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵה ֵו]שיב[כה ובנחלת‬ ‫דעת בכול מוסר‬ ‫ול]וא[ אדרוש ִ‬ ‫]אביון א[תה אל תאמר רש אני ֵ‬ ‫בינה מחשבתיכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לב ִכה וברוב‬ ‫]הבא שכמכה [ ִו ִב ֵכ]ו[ ִל] ‪ [°‬צרוף ֵ‬ ‫שורשי עולה‬ ‫]רז נהיה דרוש והתבונן [בכול דרכי אמת וכול ִ‬ ‫תביט ]ואז תדע מה מר לא[ ֵיֵש ומה מתוק לגבר ‪vacat‬‬ ‫במצעריכה כי כאל לאיש כן אביהו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אב]יכה בר ֿיֿש[כה ]ואמכ[ ִה‬ ‫כבד ֵ‬ ‫•‬ ‫וכאדנ]ים לגבר כן אמו כיא ה[ ֵמה כור הוריכה וכאשר המשיל} •כ{ם‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪For the translation of frgs. 9, 9a, 9b, and 9c see the composite text presented at‬‬ ‫‪4Q416 2 iii 2–17.‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 10a, b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫הדר[‬ ‫וכאשר גלה או[ ֵזֵנכה ברז ֵנ]היה כבדם למען כבודכה וב‬ ‫]‬ ‫בלוא[‬ ‫]פניהמה למען חייכה ואורך [ימיכה ]ואם רש אתה כשה‪°‬‬ ‫מרז נהיה[‬ ‫]חוק אשה לקחתה ברושכה קח מולדֿי‬ ‫את אביו ואת אמו ֵו ֵֵד ֵב ִק[‬ ‫]בהתחברכה יחד התהלך [ ִעם ִע ֵז ֵֵר] בשרכה‬ ‫המש]יל בה ותש אביה לא המשיל בה[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִאחד ואותכה‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]מאמה הפרידה ואליכה תהיה ל[ ֵב ִשר אחד בתכה ל]אחד יפריד ובניכה‬ ‫]ואתה ל ֿוֿחד עם אשת [חֿיֿקכה כיא היא ֵש]אר ערותכה ואשר ימש ֿוֿל בה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫]זולתכה הסיג גבול חיי[ ֵה ֵו ברוחה המשי]ל להתהלך ברצונכה ולא‬ ‫]להוסיף נדר ונדבה השב רוחכ[ ֵה ]ל[ ֵר ֵצ]ו[ ִנִ ִכה ִו]כל שבועת אסרה לנדר נדר[‬ ‫[‬ ‫הניאה] ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]הפר על מוצא פיכה ובר[ ֵצונכה‬ ‫‪For the translation of frg. 10a, b see the composite text presented at 4Q416 2‬‬ ‫‪iii 17–21, iv 1–14.‬‬

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ענכ]ה‬ ‫ל[ ֵמ ֵ‬ ‫[ ִכה ֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿא‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵאל ֿו ֵ‬

‫)‪Frg. 12 (cf. frg. 8d [lines 16–17] = 4Q416 2 ii 16–17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫א[ ֵש ִר אֿי ֵן]‬ ‫]‬ ‫] תמכור נ[פשכה]‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 13 (= 4Q417 2 i 9–11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬ב ]‬ ‫אבלכה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪ִ°‬ש]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[סרֿיֿכה אז ]‬ ‫[ ֵש ֵכ ֵה ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[משא]‬ ‫[ ֵח א ֿו‪]°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵו ֿו ֵא]‬ ‫[ ִככה ֵפ ִש]‬ ‫ֵחסורכה ִמא‪]°‬‬ ‫לע]‬ ‫לב ֵ‬ ‫מח[ ֵש ֵב ֿוֿת ֿו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫פ[ ִקודת‬ ‫[ ֵה הבן‬ ‫[בקשהו‬ ‫[ר רז‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵה ת ֵן]‬ ‫ֿא]‬ ‫[בכה ֿי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬תשוה ֵב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵש ֵדכה ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫] [‪]°°°‬‬ ‫לכה ב ֿו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵד ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [‪[ ]°°‬ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ה]‬ ‫[ ֵנֵדה השכ ֵי]ל‬ ‫לפ ֵי]‬ ‫[ה ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ֿם]‬ ‫[עֿי ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫השמ]‬ ‫]ו[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬

‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫[‬ ‫בחי[רו ואתה ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫] ואתה דמה לו [לעבד משכ ִיִל] [‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ֿבב]‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ִ‬

‫[‬

‫?‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִאם ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

121

Frg. 11 1. 2.

[ [

for] th[y] sake [ ] of thine [

] ]

Frg. 12 (cf. frg. 8d [lines 16–17] = 4Q416 2 ii 16–17)

Frg. 13

Frg. 14 1.

[ ] thy needs. Then [

]

2.

[

] thy mourning [

]

Frg. 16 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] thee [ ] thy need [ ] his [pl]ans, to confound [

] ] ]

Frg. 18 2.

[

Frg. 17 ]

to thee in it

[

]

Frg. 20 2. 3.

[ ]impurity, he gave understan[ding ] [ ] befo[re ]

1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

the vis]itation of ] understand ] seek thou Him ] mystery

Frg. 19 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ ] give thou[ [ ] thee [ thou wilt be made equal to [] [ ]thy field [

] ] [] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪122‬‬

‫)?‪Frg. 26 (joined at a distance to frg. 7 9–10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵכה‬ ‫[של‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 27‬‬ ‫‪Perhaps place in frg. 7 10–11.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ב ֿו ֵו]‬ ‫[ ֵח ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 28‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ִד כי ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵמה כ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ואתה ]‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‬

‫לא ֵי]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ִ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֿמ ֵו‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ֿו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִד באמ]‬ ‫[ ֵי ֿו ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ֵל]‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ד מ ֿוֿשֿי]‬ ‫[ ֵעֿיֿכה פן ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵה‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 34‬‬

‫‪Frg. 33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֿקח ֵא ֵח ֵד] [‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ֵ‬ ‫תע ִז ֿוֿב פן‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫א[ל ת]ש[ ִלח ידך]‬ ‫[‪°‬כן ה] [‪[ ]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫משפ[ ֵטֿי ֿו פן ]‬ ‫ֿסער הרוח ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֿו ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ם ֵפ ֵהכ ֿו לדמ]‬ ‫ֿש]‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬יֿם ֿו ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[א]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬פ ֿו ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[שחר ֵפ ֵנ]יו‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬כֿיֿס ‪]°‬‬ ‫[מבלֿי מ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[על דמכה]‬ ‫[‪°‬א ֿיֿקבל]‬ ‫[ ‪ֵ °°‬א]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ֵש]‬ ‫[ ֵש ֿוֿה בה ֿוֿא]‬ ‫[ את ֵצורב]‬ ‫פרד]‬ ‫[‪[ ]°‬ב ֵו ֵת ִ‬ ‫[ ִה לכה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכיא ֵנ]‬ ‫[ואז תג]‬ ‫[ה ִוִא]‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 39‬‬

‫[ ִהיה ֵז]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 36‬‬

‫‪Frg. 35‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 40‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵעד ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֿע]ד‬ ‫] לעו[לם ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ה ֿו ]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

123

Frg. 28 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] for [ ] [ ]and thou [

] ] ]

Frg. 33

Frg. 34 1. 2. 3.

[ ]His [judgemen]ts, lest[ [ ]and the tempest of wind[ [ ] they turn to calm [

] ] ]

[ [

] on thy blood [ ]he will not accept[

] ]

Frg. 38 2. 3.

[ ]for [ [ ]and then thou shalt[

[

] And take thou one[ ] do not] abandon, Lest do n]ot st[re]tch forth thy hand[ ] and thus[ ]

3. 4. 5.

[ ]seek early for [His] presence [ ] [ ] wallet [ ] [ ] from want of [ ]

Frg. 37 ] ]

Frg. 40 2.

[ [ [ [

Frg. 35

Frg. 36 2. 3.

1. 2. 3. 4.

for ev]er and eve[r

]

2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]will be likened to it and[ ] the burning[ ] shall divide[ ] . . to thee[

] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 42‬‬

‫‪Frg. 41‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵעם]‬ ‫לכ]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[גלים]‬

‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 43, 44, 45 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫פלא[ֿי אל הנוראים ֵתשכיל ראש ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪ֵ °°°‬ה ֵב ֵט ברזי ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫במ]ה‬ ‫ֵה ֵב ֵט ברז נהיה מעשי [קדם למה נהיה ומה נהיה ִ‬ ‫]‪ֵ °°‬כה ‪ֵ °°°‬ו ֵ‬ ‫במ]הנ ‪[ ִ‬ ‫במה]‬ ‫ול ֵמ ֵה נהיה ִ‬ ‫[למה ה ֿוֿיֿא ֵ‬ ‫לם לתש‬ ‫] ֵל ֵ‬ ‫בכול[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ש‬ ‫נהיה] ודרוש תמיד ואז תדע‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יום ו[ ִלילה הגה ברז‬ ‫ֵמ ֵעשה‬ ‫מעשה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫אמת ועול חכמה[‬ ‫ֿת]ם לכול קצי עולם ופקודת‬ ‫]ואולת ִת ֵכ ֵי ֵר מעשה ֵבכו[ל דרכיהמה עם פקוד ֿו ֵ‬ ‫עד ואז תדע[‬ ‫סוד אמת ]וברז נהיה פרש את‬ ‫]בין טוב לרע כמעשיהם ‪ vacat‬כיא [אל הדעות ִ‬ ‫ֿשה[‬ ‫א ֿו ִ‬ ‫חכמה ולכול ערמה י[צרה וממשל ֵמ]עשיה [ל]כול‪°°°°‬למה‬ ‫] ֵמ ֵעשיה‪ °‬לכול ֵ‬ ‫ֿכֿוֿל ‪°°°‬ת[‬ ‫ֿו ֵ‬ ‫]כול‪ֵ °°°°‬ב ֵא פרש למבינתם לכול מעשיה ל[ ֵהתהלך ביצר מ]בינתו ויפרש‬ ‫לא‪ֿ °°‬יֿריה ובכושר[‬ ‫הלכ ֵו ]תמים בכול מעשיו אלה שחר‬ ‫]מבֿיֿנות נודעו נסתרי מחשבתו עם הת[ ֵ‬ ‫תמיד והתבונן[‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫]בכול תוצאותם ואז תדע בכבוד ע ֵו ֵז ֵו עם רזי פל[ ֵא ֵו וגבור ֵו]ת מעשיו‬ ‫ואתה מבין רוש[‬ ‫השלום כיא בא חרו[ת החוק וחק ֿו]ק כול הפקודה כיא חרות‬ ‫]פעלתכה בזכרון ֵ‬ ‫מחוקק על כול[‬ ‫ֵמרי דב]רו והואה חזון‬ ‫]ע‪ °°°‬בני שית וספר לאל זכרון כתוב לפ[ ֵנֵיו לש ֵו ִ‬ ‫ההג ֿוֿי לספר זכרון[‬ ‫]וינחילו ֵנ ֵו לאנוש עם עם רוח כיא כתבנית קדושים יצ[רו ועו]ד לוא נתן הגוי‬ ‫ֵא‬ ‫לרוח בשר כ ֿי[ ֵל ֵו ִ‬ ‫נהיה] ודע ֵבנחלת‬ ‫]ידע בין טוב לרע כמשפט רוחו ואתה בן מבין הב[ט ברז ֵ‬ ‫כול חי והת[הלכו‬ ‫הבי ֵנ[ ֵה בין רב ל]מעט‬ ‫עש‬ ‫] ֵהפקוד‪ֵ °‬ע ֵל ֵמ ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובסוד]כמה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪°‬ציכה [ברז נהיה] [ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫הת[ ֵח ֵזֵק‬

4Q418

Frgs. 43, 44, 45 Col. i For the translation of frgs. 43, 44, 45 i, see the composite text presented at 4Q417 1 i.

125

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪126‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 45‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ ֵל ֵו ִֵא‬ ‫והת[הלכו‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫והת[ ֵח ֵזֵק‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿב]‬ ‫חר ֿו ֵ‬ ‫ֵב ֵ‬ ‫אמת ֵת]‬ ‫עת ה‪]°‬‬ ‫ומשע]נ‬ ‫ֵש‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵי ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 46‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫תבֿיֿנ ֿו במחשב]ות‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬‬ ‫ֿע]‬ ‫[ ֵם תכלכל הֿי ֵגֿי ֵ‬ ‫[לחפציהם ֿו ִֿד]רכי‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 47‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫מוש[לים בממשלותם ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ע[ב ֿוֿדתם הֿיֿעצל כ ֵי]‬ ‫רש[עה יתהלכו] [ ִמעת ל]עת[‬ ‫[‬ ‫צאצא]יהם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ובכל‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 48‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ה הל]‬ ‫[ ֵק ִד ֿוֿש ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 49‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[מֿיֿם]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֿוֿא]‬

‫‪Frg. 50‬‬

‫[ת ֵי‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵכש‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫רה]‬ ‫נד ֵ‬ ‫] [ ֵלל ֵ‬ ‫] [ה ֿי ֵוֵש‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 51‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[מש]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ת ֵש]‬

‫‪Frgs. 52 + 53‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֿוֿא‬ ‫ֿכ]ה‬ ‫[ֿיֿם ֿוֿאֿי ֵ‬ ‫[נרגיעה]‬ ‫[ לדאבון ]‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪Frg. 55‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫נרגיע‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫[ ֵה ֿו ִֿנִ ֵפ]ו[ ֵל ֵה]‬ ‫[‪] vacat °‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬בעמל נכרה דרכיה‬ ‫[ ֿוֿשקד ֿיֿהֿיֿה בלבבנו ] בכול קצים [ ֿוֿבט ֿוֿח בכול דרכינו‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

127

Frg. 45 Col. i

Col. ii

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

choose [ truth [ the time of the and a suppor[t [

[ [ [ [ [

]not and ]his walk[ing] ] ] h]old fast

] ] ] ] ]

[

Frg. 46 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] ye (?) shall not (?) understand the devic[es of ] thou shalt (?) support the toil[ ]to their desires, and the w[ays of

] ] ]

Frg. 47 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

ru]ling in their dominions [ ] by ]their [t]ask shall any be wearied? Fo[r ] wicked]ness they shall walk from time to [time] ]and in all [their] prod[uce ]

Frg. 48

Frg. 49 2.

[

]not[

]

Frg. 54

2.

[ [

] holy [

]

Frgs. 52 + 53 2.

3. 4.

[

[ ]

her vow[

]

]we will give rest[ ] ]for faintness [ ]

Frg. 55 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ ] [ [ ] vacat [ [ And] with toil we will contemplate its ways. We will have/give rest [ ]But vigilance shall be in our heart [at all times] and assurance in all our ways. vacat

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]ה[ ִדעות‬ ‫]הואה‬ ‫]‬ ‫][‬ ‫]‬ ‫בשמים‬ ‫]‬ ‫על‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪128‬‬

‫[ ֵת דעה ולא שחרו בֿי ֵנ]ה וברצון אל לו[ ֵא בחרו‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫הלוא אל‬

‫[על אמת להכֿיֿן כול] דרכיהם על ב[ינה הוא פלג לנוחלי אמת‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵע ֵש]ה [הלוא שלום והשקט‬ ‫[שקד בא]‬ ‫קודש] [ל]ו[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫היד[ ִעתם אם לא שמעתמה כיא מלאכי‬ ‫ִ ִ ִ‬

‫[אמת וירדפו אחר כול שורשי בינה וישקדו‬ ‫ול[ ֵפ ֵי דעתם ֿיֿכבדו איש מרעהו ולפי שכלו ירבה הדר ֿו‬ ‫[‪ִ [ ]°‬ה ִכ ִא ִנִ וש הם כי יעצל ובן אדם כי ידמה הלוא‬ ‫[ ֵע ִד והם אחזת עולם ינחלו הלוא ראיתם‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 57‬‬

‫‪Frg. 56‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬לוא]‬ ‫[‪ֿ°°‬יֿק]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬א ֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֿיֿשח]ר‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 58‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫וילי ֵל]ב‬ ‫[ ִא ִ‬ ‫ֵה]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֿוֿד וכול רוח ֵב ֵי ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫צמחיה‬ ‫[‪ °°‬וכל ֵנ‪ִ °°‬ה באמ]‬

‫‪Frg. 59‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ ִהלכ ֿו‬ ‫[עדתם‬

‫] [ ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫] [‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫)?( ‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 60‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫] [‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿא]‬ ‫כֿי ֵ‬ ‫ֵוֿיֿצ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 61‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫] [‪] ° °‬‬ ‫] [ ת ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 5.

6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12.

129

[But the foolish of heart have not pursued] knowledge, And they have not sought after under[standing, And God’s good pleasure] they [have n]ot chosen. vacat Is He not [the] God of knowledge? [Has He not founded His elect ones] on the truth, So that He might establish all [their/our ways on a foundation of under]standing? He has distributed to those who are to inherit truth [ ]vigilance on [ ] Peace and tranquillity has not [ ] [He given to you? Have] you [not kn]own, or have you not heard That the Holy Angels in heaven unto Him [do give honour, But on earth men will perform all] truth? And they will ardently seek for all the Roots of Understanding, And will be vigilant over [all their hidden mysteries. Ac]cording to their knowledge they (i.e. men) will receive honour, one man more than his neighbour, And according to each one’s understanding will his glory be increased. [As for the holy angels], are they like Man? (No,) for he (i.e. man) is sluggardly. And are they like a son of man? (No,) for he comes to an end. Will not [ everlas]ting, And will they not inherit an eternal possession? Have you not seen

Frg. 56 1.

[

] not[

]

Frg. 58 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] ]

]foolish of hea[rt and every spirit of understanding[ and all its sprouts in [

] ] ]

Frg. 59 1. 2.

[ [

]they/you walk ]their assembly

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪130‬‬

‫‪Frg. 62‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[מֿי ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵיֵכה ]‬ ‫[ ֿוֿאל ]‬ ‫[ֿיֿר ֵע]‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 63‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ֵם]‬ ‫[ ֵה ב]‬ ‫[‪ °‬כב]‬

‫‪Frg. 64‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 65‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ידמ] [‬ ‫[ת לוא ֵ‬ ‫[ והארץ ֿו ִֿכ ֵו]ל [‬ ‫[ה ֿו ִֿב ֵה] [‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 66‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ אם ]‬ ‫[ ֵה ואם ]‬ ‫[על]‬

‫‪Frg. 67‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬וֿתם‬ ‫[ם‬ ‫[א‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 68‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ודור]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵך דור‬ ‫[ העת ופקודת] [‬ ‫[ופקודות‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫וא[ ֵתה התבונן‬ ‫[ֵל] [ה התחזק‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬ה‬ ‫[‪[ ]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 69‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ ֵמחכה‬ ‫[מ ֿוֿת עם‬ ‫[‪°°‬דתם הלוא באמת יתהלכו‬ ‫ועתה אוילי‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫[ה‬

‫]‬ ‫ותשכיל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ִהם ובדעה כול גליהם‬ ‫]‬ ‫לב מה טוב ִל ִלוא‬ ‫נוסד ומה ֵי ִֵאנח ֿו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ומה[ השקט ללוא היה ומה משפט ללוא‬ ‫]‬ ‫מתֿיֿם על ֵכ]ל יומ[ם‬ ‫ֵץ ‪]°°‬‬ ‫תק ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ל נוצרתם ולשחת עולם תשובתכם כי ֵ‬ ‫ֵא ִת ִם]‬ ‫אכמ]ה [‬ ‫[ ֵח ֵט ִ‬

4Q418

Frg. 64

Frg. 65 1. 2.

[ [

131

] it does not resemb[le ] and the earth and a[ll

] ]

2.

[

]and do not [

]

Frg. 66 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] if[ ] and if[ ]upon[

] ] ]

Frg. 68 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] generation and generation[ ] of] the time, And the visitation of[ ] ], And the visitations of ] vacat And th]ou, show understanding ] show strength

Frg. 69 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

[ glad]den thee [ ]And thou shalt understand[ ] with [ all their co]urse; In faithfulness do not there move about [all] their[ waters], And in knowledge all their waves? vacat And now, O you foolish∬minded ones, What is good to a man who has not [been created? And what] is tranquillity to a man who has not come into activity? And what is judgement to a man who has not been established? And what lament shall the dead make over their own death? You were fashioned [by the power of G]od, But to the everlasting pit shall your return be. For it (sc. the pit) shall awaken [to condemn] you[r] sin, [And the creatures of]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫[ ִת ֿו‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫[‪ֿ°‬י‬ ‫בינה‬ ‫[‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫[ֵה‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪132‬‬

‫מחשכיה] [ֿיֿצרחו על רֿיֿבכם וכול נהיה עולם דורשי אמת יע ֿוֿרו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫למשפטכ]ם ואז‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ישמדו כול אוילי לב ובני עולה לוא ימצאו ִעוד] וכ[ ִול מחזיקי‬ ‫רשעה יבש]ו ואז [‬ ‫[ ִל] [‪°‬‬ ‫במשפטכם ירֿיֿעו מ ֿוֿסדי }ה{רקיע וירעמו כול צ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ִל אהב‪]°‬‬ ‫שח]רי‬ ‫[ ִמ ֵ‬ ‫ואתם בחֿיֿרי אמת ורודפי]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫שוקד]ים[‬ ‫ו[ ֵ‬ ‫תאמרו יגענו בבינה ושקדנו לרדוף דעת ‪]°‬‬ ‫דעה איכה ֵ‬ ‫על כול ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪ °‬בכול ֵמ]‬ ‫בכוִ ל }נ{ ֵשני עולם הלוא באמת ישעשע לעד ודעה ]‬ ‫ֵוֵלא עֿיֿף ִ‬ ‫ֿב]ני [‬ ‫לנצח [תשרתנ ֿו ֿו ֵ‬ ‫שמים אשר חיים עולם נחלתם האמור יאמרו יגענו בפעלות אמת‬ ‫[‬ ‫ויעפ]נו‬ ‫כ[ ִב ֿוֿד‬ ‫יתה ִל]כו‬ ‫קצים הלוא באור עולם ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בכול‬ ‫ורוב הדר אתם ] [‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵבסוד אילים כול ]‬ ‫ברקיעֿי]‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ואתה בן ]מבין [‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 70‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[ כיא]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ע ִננִ ים ֿוֿער]פל [‬ ‫[ ֵר ֿוֿשבת ֿו כ] [‬ ‫[ ִדרש ֿו ב‪[ ]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 71‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 72‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬ש‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵט]‬ ‫[ ִה החיים‬ ‫[‪ °‬בחיים ֿו ֵב ֵך‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 73‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[כול רוח ב]ינה‬ ‫[ על כול ִע]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 74‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫כעש]‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵ‬ ‫[כ ֿוֿל רא ֿוֿי]‬ ‫[ ‪ °[ ] ° °‬ל ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 75‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵנֵכבדתֿי ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬לא]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 76‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[על כול רוח]‬ ‫צדק‬ ‫[ ואנשי } • • • •‬ ‫קודש{ לוא]‬ ‫••• •‬ ‫קודש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ורוחי‬ ‫‪°‬‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 7.

8.

9. 10. 11.

12. 13. 14. 15.

its dark places [ ] shall cry out against your pleading, And all those who will endure forever, those who investigate the truth, shall rouse themselves to judge y[ou. And then] will all the foolish-minded be destroyed, And the children of iniquity shall not be found anymore, [And a]ll those who hold fast to wickedness shall wither [away. And then, ] at the passing of judgement upon you, the foundations of the firmament will cry out, And all the [ ] will thunder forth [ ] love[ ] vacat But you who are the truly chosen ones, Who pursue [righteousness, ]Who se[ek eagerly for understanding, And who] keep vigil over all knowledge, How can you say, ‘We are tired of understanding, and/though we have been vigilant in pursuing knowledge?’ For [the Understanding One tires not] at all ti[mes] Nor does He become weary in all the years of eternity. Does He not take delight in Truth forever, And does not Knowledge [forever] serve Him? But as for the S[ons of] Heaven, whose lot is eternal life, Will they truly say, ‘We are weary of doing the works of Truth, And [we] have grown weary of them at all times?’ Will [they] not walk in light everlasting[ with of g]lory and abundance of splendour with them [ ] In the firmaments[ of holiness And] in the council of the divine ones is all[ their ]. vacat And thou, O [understanding] child

Frg. 71 2. 3.

133

Frg. 70

[ [

] of life ]in life and by thee

1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] for[ ] like clouds and glo[om ] they cease [ ]they sought [

] ] ] ]

Frg. 73 1. 2.

[ ]every spirit of un[derstanding ] [ ] on all [ ]

Frg. 75 1.

[

Frg. 74 ]

was honoured[

] 2.

[

]each who is fitting[

]

Frg. 76 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]upon every spirit[ ]and the men of {holiness} will not[ ]and the spirits of holiness[

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 77‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[שמש ִה] [ ֵב ִה‬ ‫]‬ ‫בכוש]ר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫תולדות] א[דם וראה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵרז נהיה וקח‬ ‫]‬ ‫ומשקל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ופקודת מ[ ִעשהו ואז תבין במשפט אנוש‬ ‫]‬ ‫ומד ֵת]‬ ‫]מזל שפתיו לפי [ ֵרוחו ֿוֿקח ברז נהיה ִע ֵל ]מ[ ֵשקל קצים ֵ‬ ‫עד ֵן ]‬ ‫[ל] [‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 78‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ תדע ביןִִ ]‬ ‫נרדפ]ו‬ ‫[ֿי‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[ ֵל לעמל ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 79‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[אוטכמה]‬ ‫[ ולמה ח ֵי]‬ ‫[ֵל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 80‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ארץ]‬ ‫ש[ ֵמעה ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frgs. 81 + 81a‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫שפתיכה פתח מקור לברך קודשים ואתה ִכמקור עולם הלל ‪ ]°‬א[ ֵז הבדילכה‬ ‫בכול‬ ‫נפ ֵש] כי[ ֵא הוא‬ ‫רוח בשר ואתה הבדל מכול אשר שנא והנזר מכול תעבות ֵ‬ ‫עשה כול‬ ‫ויורישם איש נחלתו והוא חלקכה ונחלתכה בתוך בני אדם] ובנ[ ֵחלתו‬ ‫המשילכ‪ֵ /‬מה ואתה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בזה כבדהו בהתקדשכה לו כאשר שמכה לקדוש קודשים] לכול [ ֵתבל ובכול‬ ‫] א[ ִל]ים[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫הפיל גורלכה וכבודכה הרבה מואדה וישימכה לו בכור ִב]‬ ‫[‬ ‫וטובתֿי לכה אתן ואתה ִלהלוא לכה ט ֵוֵבֿי ובאמונתֿי הלך תמיד]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫יריבכ ֵה בכול מ ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫משפטיו מיד כול‬ ‫מעשיכה ואתה דרוש‬

4Q418

135

Frg. 77 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ ]sun vacat[ ] [ ]mystery that is to come, And grasp the nature of [M]an, And gaze on the prosperi[ty ] [and the punishment of ]his [ac]tivity; And then thou shalt discern the judgement on mankind, And the weighing[ ] [to the outpouring of his lips and according to] his spirit, And grasp the mystery that is to come, According to the [w]eight of the times And the proportion of[ ]

Frg. 78 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] Thou shalt know (the difference) between[ ] [they] were pursued[ ] for toil [

] ] ]

Frg. 79 2. 3.

[ [

]your secret[ ] and why [

] ]

] the earth[ he]ar [

] ]

Frg. 80 1. 2.

[ [

Frgs. 81 + 81a 1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 6. 7.

[for the utterance of] thy lips He has opened up a spring So that thou mayest bless the Holy Ones, And (so that) as (with) an everlasting fountain thou mayest praise His n[ame. The]n has He separated thee from every fleshly spirit, So that thou mightest be separated from every thing that He hates, And (mightest) hold thyself aloof from all that His soul abominates. [Fo]r He has made everyone, And has made them to inherit each his own inheritance; But He is thy portion and thy inheritance among the children of mankind, [And over] his (Adam’s?/God’s) [in]heritance has He set them in authority. But thou by (doing) this honour Him, By consecrating thyself to Him, Just as He has appointed thee as a Holy of Holies [over all the] earth, And (just as) among all the[ Go]dly [Ones] has He cast thy lot, And has magnified thy glory greatly. He has appointed thee for Himself as a first∬born among [ ] sa[ying, ‘I will bless thee] And My bounty to thee I will give. As for thee, do not My good things belong to thee? Yea, in faithfulness to Me walk thou continually[ ] thy works?’ As for thee, require(?) His judgements from every adversary of thine[ but with all love]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫• •• •‬ ‫וברח ִמים על כול שומרי דברו ֿוֿקנאתו]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫עולם‬ ‫אהבהו ובחסד‬ ‫ו‬ ‫שכל] פ[תח לכה ובאוצרו המשילכה ואיפת אמת פ קד]ה עליכה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ואתה‬ ‫אתכה המה ובידכה להשיב אף מאנשי רצון ולפקוד ֵע ֵל]‬ ‫עמכה ֵב ִט ִרם תקח נחלתכה מידו כבד קדושיו ובט]רם‬ ‫קד ֵוֵשים וכול הנקרא לשםו קודש‪]°‬‬ ‫פתח ] [ ֵשֿיֿר כול ֵ‬ ‫קצים הדר ֿו פארתו למטעת עו]לם‬ ‫עם כול ֵ‬ ‫תב ֵל ֵב ֵו ֿיֿתהלכו כול נוחלי ארץ כי בשמ]ים‬ ‫‪°‬ה ִ‬ ‫ואתה מבין אם בחכמת ידים המשילכה ֿוֿדע]ת‬ ‫אוט לכול הולכי אדם ומשם תפק ֿוֿד טרפכה ֵו]‬ ‫לקח]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫התבונן מודה ומיד כול משכילכה הוסף‬ ‫הוצא מחסורכה לכול דורשי חפץ ואז תכֿיֿן ]‬ ‫ידיכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫תמלא ושבעתה ֵברוב טוב ומחכמת‬ ‫השכל ֵו]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לת]ם בכו[ ִל] חי[ וכול חכמי לב‬ ‫נח ֵ‬ ‫כי אל פלג ֵ‬

‫] [ ֵמֿי ֿיֿאהב כמה]‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‪ °°°‬ואתה ֿיֿדעתה]‬

‫‪Frg. 84‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֵל ֵת]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[לא ת]‬ ‫[ ֿוֿדה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 83‬‬

‫‪Frg. 82‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪136‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 85‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫] [‪ °°°‬כ ֵי]‬ ‫באמ ֵת]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 86‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ °‬לעברת ֿו וכאב על ]ב[ֵנ]ו[ִת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֿ [ ]°°‬וֿיֿמֿי גורלה ֿו]‬ ‫[שמים ול‪]°‬‬ ‫כסאכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ם‬ ‫[ ל ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

137

• • ••

love thou Him, and with eternal loving-kindness (love Him) and with mercy for all those who keep His words and show thou zeal for Him [ ] But as for thee, He has [op]ened up for thee insight, And He has placed thee in authority over His treasure, And a true measure has been la[id as a charge upon thee. Judgement and righteousness] are with thee, And it is in thy charge/power to turn away anger from the men of (His/thy) good pleasure, And to visit on[ ] with thee/thy people. Before thou receivest thine inheritance from His hand, glorify His Holy ones, And bef[ore thou sittest on the bench for judgement,] begin [with] a song for all the Holy Ones. And every one who is called by name will be made/called holy [for Him; The pious ones will magnify] during all periods His splendour, (And magnify) His glory among the ever[lasting] plantation [ ] of the world, In it shall all those who are to inherit the earth/land walk, For in he[aven ] And as for thee, O understanding one, if over the manual artisans He has set thee in charge, and (over) the knowled[ge of ]

16.

‫ אוט‬for all those who die (?), And from there shalt thou seek for thy food [

17.

increase in understanding greatly, And from each of thy teachers get ever more instruction[ and from ] Bring forth thy pittance for those who seek pleasure. And then thou shalt establish [Thy mouth thou shalt fill, And thou shalt be sated with abundance of good things, And by thy manual craftsmanship [thy treasuries shall be filled] For God has distributed [their/his/His] inheritance [among eve]ry [living being,] But all those wise in thought we(?) have made insightful[ ]

18. 19. 20.

Frg. 83 1.

[

]

Frg. 82 ]

and thou hast known[

]

1.

[ ]Who will love as much as[

]

Frg. 85 2.

[

] in truth[

]

Frg. 86 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ ] [ [ [

for His anger, And like a father (watching) over [his d]au[gh]ters ] and the days allotted to it/her [ ] [ ] thy throne[

[

] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 87‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ם ]‬ ‫[מרמה ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵח ֿוֿב לחמכה]‬ ‫[ ֵדכה ֵבו ֿוֿל ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵלה מבית ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ת מחסור]‬ ‫[ער ֿוֿב זר ב]‬ ‫[נגעכה ומכת]‬ ‫תשא]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵוֵשא ִול‬ ‫[אף בכול דרכ]‬ ‫הל]כ‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬באמת ֵ‬ ‫[ ִכֿיֿל ובמשקל ]‬ ‫[}‪{°‬משלוח ידכה ]‬ ‫ֿך ]‬ ‫[‪°‬אתה לוא תמ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬ואם לרֿיֿב א]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 88‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫יכ ֵה]‬ ‫תכֿיֿן ִל ֵכ]ול [ ִח ִפ ִצ ֵ‬ ‫בחייכה ֿוֿשל ֿוֿמכה לר ֿוֿב שנ ִי]‬ ‫השמר לכה למה תערב ִר ִמ]‬ ‫עול תשפוט ובכוח ידיכה ת]‬ ‫•‬ ‫וכש]‬ ‫ֿיֿקופוץ ִיִדו ממחסורכה ֵ‬ ‫י‬ ‫לכף רגלכה כיא אל דורש בֿי ֵן]‬ ‫בידכה לחיות ונאספתה בֿיֿג ֿו ֵנ]‬ ‫והיית ֵה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ובאמת תמלא ֵנ]ח[לתכה‬ ‫] [ ֵמ ִש]‬

‫[‪°‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 89‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ובידך ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבכול משלוח] ידכה‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 90‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵב אלה ִש]‬ ‫[‪[ ]° °°°‬ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 91‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵא ֵנֵה בחייכה ]‬ ‫[ ִה על כול ע‪]°‬‬ ‫[ה ‪ֵ[ ]°‬ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 92‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬לוא]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

139

Frg. 87 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

] [ ]deceit and[ ] thy bread[ ] [ ] from the house [ ] lack[ ]go surety for a stranger [ ]thy blow and (thy) stroke[ ]Truly thou shalt a[sk ]anger in all the way[s of ]vacat In truth [thou] hast wa[lked thou shalt mea]sure And by weight [thou shalt weigh ] undertaking of thy hand[ and] thou shalt not be depressed [ ]vacat (?) And if for a dispute (between) m[en

] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 88 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Thou shalt prepare (for) a[ll ]thy requirements[ ] in thy life, And thy peace according to the abundance of [thy] years[ ] Take care for thyself lest thou pledge [ And lest ] (with) iniquity thou judge, And (lest) with the strength of thy hands thou[ For] He shall withdraw His hand from thy poverty, And [ no resting place] for/to the sole of thy foot; For God studies (the difference) between[ If it is not] in thy power to live, Then thou shalt be gathered in [thy] sorrow [into death ] And in truth thy in[her]itance shall be fulfilled, And thou shalt become[ ]

Frg. 89

Frg. 90 1.

[ ]

these things

[

]

Frg. 92 2.

[

1. 2.

[ ] and by thy hand thou shalt [ ] [ ]in every undertaking of [thy hand ]

Frg. 91 ]

not[

]

1. 2.

[ ] in thy life [ [ ] over all [

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 94‬‬

‫‪Frg. 93‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‬

‫[ ִר ֵש]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬חם כול אנ]שי [‬ ‫ֿא] [‬ ‫ח[ ֵפ ֵץ כֿי ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 95‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ור ֵת]‬ ‫[ ֵג]ב[ ִ‬ ‫ֿש]‬ ‫[ ִעצתך עם א ֿו ִ‬ ‫[ ֵאל תחשך דעת]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 96‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬ ‫פלא]‬ ‫[ ֵה ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫אל]ה‬ ‫ד[ ֵר ֿוֿש כול ֵ‬ ‫על‬ ‫תשל ‪°‬ח ידכה ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫א[ל‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ה ריקם ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֿשלח ] [‬ ‫[ה ֿי ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 97‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֿת]‬ ‫ב[ ֵלתֿי ה ֿוֿנ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫מ[חסורכה קח מיד ֵו]‬ ‫ֿב]‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵלא ימצא אל ישֿי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ° °‬ת]‬ ‫[של‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 98‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬וֿמֿי ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵמאת]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵשנ ֿוֿת]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 99‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 100‬‬

‫לץ]‬ ‫ש[מחת ִ‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 101‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[‬ ‫מ[ ֵעשיו‬ ‫[ ִאוטכה‬ ‫[ ואתה‬ ‫[‪°‬ל ֿוֿם]‬

‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ֿיֿש ֵמ]‬ ‫חט ֵא] [ ֵכ ֵלת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ואל תהי ֵבבית ֿו כ ֵי]‬ ‫יחמול על ֵה ֿו ֵנ ֿו היה ִל‪]°‬‬ ‫בשר ֿו לוא ימעל בבשר ֿו]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

141

Frg. 94 2. 3.

[ ] [

all the m[en of pl]easure, because[

] ]

Frg. 95 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] p[ow]er of[ of] thy council together with the foundation[s of ] thou shalt not darken knowledge [

] ] ]

Frg. 96 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

] marvellously [ ] in]vestigate all these thi[ngs ] do n]ot send thy hand forth against in vain [ ] ] ] send [ ]

Frg. 97 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

with]out oppressing [ wh]at thou lackest take thou from his hand [ ] he/it will not be found. Let him/it not return [

] ] ]

Frg. 100 1.

[

the re]joicing of the scorner[

]

Frg. 101 Col. i 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]his works ]thy secret ] and thou

Col. ii 2. 3. 4. 5.

sin[ And be thou not (let her/it not be) in his house For [ he shall [not] be sparing of his wealth; Be thou [ his kin. He shall not do harm to (or act unfaithfully against) his own kin[

] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪142‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 102a + b‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫בשחת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‬ ‫[ ֵח ֵפץ ֿוֿאמת צדק ] [כול מעשיו ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫ידיםכ ֵה ]‬ ‫ואתה [ ֵמבין באמת מיד כול חכמת • ֵ‬ ‫הת[ ִהלככה ואז ידרוש חפצכה לכול מבקשיו ]‬ ‫מ[ ֵע ֵו ֵוֵן תועבה תנקה ובשמחת אמת תשת]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 103 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫[‪°‬בשר‬ ‫[ל‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 103 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ ֵב ֿוֿדו ולוא ת] [‬ ‫ֿכֿי‬ ‫[‪°‬כה ֿוֿמצא הלֿי ֵ‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬אכרֿיֿם עד כ ֿוֿל ֵא]‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [ ֵדש הבא בטנאיכה ובאסמיכה כֿי‪] °‬‬ ‫ֿיֿשוה עת בעת דורשם ואל תדם ֵצ ]‬ ‫חפ ֵצ]ו‬ ‫ֵכֿי כ ֿוֿלם ֿיֿדרשו לעתם ואיש כפי ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[מחסורכה אל תער ֿוֿב‬ ‫כמקור מים ֵחיים אשר הכֿיֿל א]ו[ִט‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫אשר] לרעכה‬ ‫ֵכ‬ ‫למה יהיה כלאים ִבפרד והייתה כלוב]ש שעטנז [בצמר ובפשתים ועבודתכה‬ ‫כחור]ש[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫תה]יה לכה כ[ ֵזֵורע כלאים אשר הזרע‬ ‫בשור ובח]מו[ ִר ]י[חד]ו [ו ֵגֵם תבואתכה ֵ‬ ‫ותבוא]ת[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫והמלאה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵחייכה ֿיֿתמו יחד‬ ‫ֿקד]ש יחדו )?( וג[ ֵם הונכה עם בשרכה]‬ ‫ה]כרם[ ֿי ֵ‬ ‫ובחייכה לוא תמצא‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 104‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵההֿיֿא ֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 105‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫תלבש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫א[ ִל‬ ‫ֿה]‬ ‫[לה ֿו ֵ‬ ‫ש[ ֵמחת]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

143

Frgs. 102a + b 1.

[

] in the pit[ ]

2. 3. 4. 5.

[

] good pleasure And righteous truth [are (in) ]all his works And [ ] [ And as for thee,] O thou who understandest truth, Through all the cunning of thy hands[ ] [ ]thy walking [about,] And then He will look for thy pleasure for all those who seek it[ ] [ From the ]iniquity of abomination thou wilt be innocent, And in the joy of truth thou wilt[ ]

Frg. 103 Col. i 9.

[

]flesh

Frg. 103 Col. ii 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

9.

[ ] ploughmen, until all [ ] that which is con]secrated bring into thy baskets and into thy barns, For[ let him not] compare a season with the season of their seeking out, And let it not be likened unto [ ] And it shall not [ ] For all of them shall be sought for in their season, And each according to [his/its] desire[ ] and find the paths of [ ] like a source of living waters which [his] <[w]Ã contains [ Moreover with] thine own cargo do not mix that which is [thy associate’s, ] Lest it form something of mixed kinds like a mule, And (lest) thou become as one who we[ars sha>aÃnez (‫])שעטנז‬, made of (-‫ )ב‬wool and of flax, And (lest) thy toil be like (that of) of one who plo[ughs] with ox and a[s]s [to]geth[er], And (lest) moreover thy crops b[e for thee like] (those of) one who sows diverse kinds, and of one who takes the seed and the full growth and the yi[eld of] the [vineyard together], to be set apa[rt (for the sanctuary). More]over thy wealth together with thy cattle [When the days of] thy life [come to an end] They (also) shall come to an end together, But during thy life thou shalt not find

Frg. 105 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

do n]ot clothe thyself[ ] [ j]oy [

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 106‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵח ֵפץ]‬ ‫[ ולמה ]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 107‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫תמצ]א‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בק[שו ואז‬ ‫[תה למעלה ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵה למחסורכה כֿי]‬ ‫• •‬ ‫[ ֵאוט ִי ִֵם מסחורכה ופעולתכה בחפצֿי ]‬ ‫ידרש]ו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[שם עם כול צמחי אדמה כי כל]ם[‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִש ֵר ֵש]‬ ‫שר]‬ ‫[נֿי עשב עם ִ‬ ‫כרנמה עם ]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 109‬‬

‫‪Frg. 108‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬וֿם ]‬ ‫[ם פעולתמה]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ל ֵפֿי ]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪°‬כ ֿוֿר‬ ‫?‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 110‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 111‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ש ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 112‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫צד ֵק]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵא ֿיֿתע]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ עד תום ע ֵו]לה‬ ‫[ ֵה ופקודת ש]לום‬ ‫ֿשבתה]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵלֿיֿם ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬צה ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬בת ֿו ]‬ ‫[ ֵהכֿיֿן ‪]°‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 113‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 114‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 115‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[אמה ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬

4Q418

145

Frg. 107 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ se]eks And then foun[d ] [ ] upward and[ ] [ ] for thy poverty because[ ] [ put in] {thy} secrets thy merchandise, And thy reward consisting in the pleasures of [ ] [ ]there with all the offshoots of the earth, For all [of them] will be sought out[ ] [ ] of the grass with the root[s ] [ ] [ ] [ ] with[ ]

Frg. 108 2.

[ ] their reward[

]

Frg. 112 1. 2.

[ [

]

] righteousness[ they will[ n]ot (?) go ast[ray

] ]

] until there comes an end of ini[quity ] and a visitation of pe[ace prais]ing and it will rest[

] ] ]

Frg. 113 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

Frg. 114 2.

[

] He established

[

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪146‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 116 (formerly 125‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬מֿיֿם ובהמון ק ֿו]לם‬ ‫ֿט]‬ ‫ישק ֿו ִ‬ ‫[ אם ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 117‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫דעת]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֿוֿל ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵבֿי ִן ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֵש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵר ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬עת ֿוֿיֿשק‪]°°‬‬ ‫לה לכול מעדֿיֿה]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ה ‪]°°°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 118‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 119‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫מ[עשֿי]‬ ‫לד מצולה הת]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵבמצולה נולדת]‬ ‫ֿם ]‬ ‫[מעמקי ֵמֿי ִ‬ ‫[ ֵשיהם ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 120‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫קל]‬ ‫[ ֵע ִד ֿוֿת ֵ‬ ‫[אמר ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 121‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫תע]שה‬ ‫שפט ִצ ִדק ֵ‬ ‫[ ִמ ֵ‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִעבודת רשע]ה‬ ‫[ל] [ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 122‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִכֿי ֿיֿכ ֿוֿנו‬ ‫[ ֵת שר‬ ‫[ ֵאוהב אמת‬ ‫ואם איש‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵה הבן במסחורכה ואל‬ ‫לו[ ֵא ֿיֿשוה בעמלכה או למה עוד‬ ‫[ ִמסחורכה וכן ‪°°‬כה ‪°‬ל‪[ ]°°[ ] °‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵהשמ ֵר]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫ֿוֿא]‬ ‫כֿי]‬

4Q418

147

Frg. 116 1. 2.

[ [

]

waters, and by the sound of [their] vo[ice ] if it/he be quiet[

] ]

Frg. 117 1. 2.

[ [

]all knowledge[ ]understand

] ]

[

Frg. 118 2. 3.

[ [

] ]

and they will keep vigil [ to all those among them who totter[

] ]

Frg. 119 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

cr]eatures [ ] the deep [ ]in the deep it/she was born[ ] deep waters [ ]their [

] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 120 1. 2.

[ [

]

testimony ]say [

[

] ]

Frg. 121 1. 2.

[ [

]righteous judgement thou shalt [perform ]the service of wickednes[s

] ]

Frg. 122 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

]

they shall be firmly established ]prince ]lover of truth ] And if a man ]understand thy merchandise and do not ]it will [no]t be compared to thy toil. Or why still ]thy merchandise, and thus[ ] ]to take care[ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪148‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 123‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[ ֵנ ֿוֿת‬ ‫אומר‬ ‫[ ֵת ִ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬כ ִול הון‬ ‫וכח ֿוֿקכה‬ ‫[ ֵו ִ‬ ‫[ל] [‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫‪]°°°‬‬ ‫למבוא שנים ומוצא קצים ] [‪]°‬‬ ‫כול הנהיה בה למה היה ומה יהיה ב ֵו]‬ ‫נהיה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵקצו אשר גלה אל אוזן מבינים ברז‬ ‫אלה ‪[ ]°°‬ל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ו[אתה מבין בהביטכה בכול‬ ‫] [ ֵדה שקול מעשיכה עם קצ]‬ ‫] [‪ֵ °‬פ ֵוֵקד לכה השמר מאד ֵמ ֵי]‬ ‫] שפ[ ִוט ִע ֵו ֵו ֵן ]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 124‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ֵ °°‬ב ֵד‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵדש מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 125‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 126‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ֵל‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫ֿא ישב ֿוֿת אחד מכול צבאם ה]‬ ‫ל[ ֿו ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫או ] [‪ֵ °‬ן באמת מיד כול אוט אנשים א]‬ ‫]כי [ ִבא ֵי]פ[ ֵת אמת ומשקל צדק תכן אל כול ֵמ]‬ ‫ֵפרשם באמת הוא שמם ולחפציהם ֿיֿדרש]ו‬ ‫ומחוכ]מתו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֿיֿסתר כול וגם לוא נהיו בלוא רצונו‬ ‫ֵו‬ ‫לבעלי און ופקודת ש]‬ ‫משפט להשיב נקם ִ‬ ‫ולסגור בעד רשעים ולהרים ראוש דלים ]‬ ‫בכבוד עולם ושלום עד ורוח חיים להבד ִיִל]‬ ‫כול בני ח ֿוֿה ובכוח אל ורוב כבודו עם טובו ]‬ ‫ֿה]‬ ‫ובאמונתו ישיחו כול היום תמיד ֿיֿהללו שמו ֿו ֵ‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ואתה באמת התהלך עם ִכ ִול ֵד ֵו ֵֵרשֿי ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

149

Frg. 123 Col. i 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

2. 3.

for the entering-in of years and the going-out of times [ ] everything which is to come to pass in it, why it has come to pass, and what will come to pass in it[ ] His time, Which He uncovered to the ear of the understanding ones about the mystery which is to come[ ] [And] thou, O understanding one, as thou gazest upon all these things [ ] [ ]weigh thou thy deeds with the tim[es ] [ ] He entrusts to thee. Guard thyself mightily from[ ] [ ju]dge iniquity[ ]

]

do not] say ] all wealth and according to thy due portion

Col. ii

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Frg. 126 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

[ n]ot one from all their host will cease [ ] [ ] in truth from the possession of every secret of men [ ] [For] with a true e[ph]ah and a right weight God has meted out all [ ] He has spread them out, In Truth has He established them, And by those that delight in them are they studi[ed ] everything will be hidden, And furthermore they have (will) not come into being without His good pleasure, And apart from [His] wis[dom ] judgement, To repay vengeance to the masters (workers) of iniquity, And punishment with re[compense to ] And to shut (the door) on (i.e. imprison) the wicked, But to raise up the head of the poor, [And to show forth His faithfulness to them, And His mercies] In glory everlasting and peace eternal, And to separate the spirit of life [from every spirit of darkness ] all the children of Eve. And on the might of God and the abundance of His glory Together with His bounty [they shall muse ] And upon His faithfulness shall they meditate all the day. Continually shall they praise His name, And [ ] vacat But thou, walk thou in the truth, In company with all the seekers after [ in thy ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪150‬‬

‫ֿו•‬

‫ובידכה אוטה ומטנאכה ידרוש חפצו ואתה ֵמ]בין‬ ‫•ש‬ ‫ואם לוא תסיג ידו למחסורכה ומחסור אוט ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵפֿיֿהו ואל יש ֿיֿם מחפצ ֿו כי אל י‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫מקניכ]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ֿיֿדכה למ ֿוֿתר ופרץ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵא ֵי ֵן] [לֿיֿכה]‬ ‫[ ֵעולם ֵו ֵ‬ ‫]‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 127‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫מקורכה ומחסורכה לוא תמצא ודאבה נפשכה מכול טוב למ ֿוֿת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] [‬ ‫שאול [‬ ‫[ ֵצפה כול היום ואותה נפשכה כי תב ֿוֿא בפתחיה וקברת ֿוֿכס]תה‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬ג ֵו]י[ ֵתכה והייתה למאכל שן ולחומי רשף נגד מ ֿו]‬ ‫]‬ ‫בהליכ ִמה וגם אתה ת‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬רשֿי חפץ הוניתה‬ ‫]‬ ‫ויתכנם באמת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ב לכה כי אל עשה כול חפצֿי אוט‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ל] כ[ ֵי במוזני צדק שקל כול תכ ֿוֿנם ובאמת]ו‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵבם ֵוֵל]‬ ‫[‪ִ°‬ק‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frgs. 128 + 129‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫שלומכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫נגד הת]‬ ‫גם כול חפצ][ ֵיֵכה ת‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵבשב ֿו] [ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 130‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫תופיע תבל ‪]°‬‬ ‫פעולת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ח ֿוֿלים‬ ‫] [ֵה ֵנֵדר]‬

‫‪Frg. 131‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬ה ֵעם ]‬ ‫[ ֵמים עם ֵב]‬ ‫לכה]‬ ‫[ֿיֿדרשו ִ‬ ‫ֿס]‬ ‫[לוא תפֿי ֵ‬ ‫[אֿיֿרכה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

151

and in thy hand its secret, And from thy basket he will seek out what he wants. And thou, O under[standing one ] and if His power does not attain as far as thy poverty, And (if)/then the poverty of thy secret[ ] [ ]his mouth, And let Him not set them apart from His pleasure; For God will [ ] [ ]thy resources (return) to being abundant, And th[y ]cattle will increase[ ] [ ] of eternity [ ]

Frg. 127 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ]thy fountain, And that which thou needest thou shalt not find, But thy soul shall become faint from (the lack of) all good. Unto Death [shall it waste away Sheol ] [ Sheol ] all the day, And thy soul will desire that thou enter into its gates And that (the earth) bury and cov[er thee lest people leave unburied] [ ] thy cor[ps]e, And lest thou become what (savage beasts’) teeth eat up, And (become bodies) devoured by vultures/funerary pyres? in presence of [] [ Those who se]ek after pleasure thou hast oppressed because of their conduct. Moreover thou wilt[ ] [ ] to thee, For God has performed all the desires of (His) secret, And He has meted them out in [His] fidelity [ ] [ ] For with righteous balances He has weighed out all their measurement, And with (His) fidelity [ ]

Frgs. 128 + 129 1. 2. 3. 4.

Thy peace[ in presence of [ Moreover all pleasur[es ]of thine with an oa[th

] ] ] ]

[

Frg. 130 1. 2. 3.

The world will shine forth the sick [their] reward[ [ ] vow[

[

] ] ]

Frg. 131 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

] with [ ] with [ ]they will be sought for by thee[ ]thou shalt not [ ]illumine thee[

] ] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪152‬‬

‫‪Frg. 132‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°°‬ם כול ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵר צבאם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ֵר]‬ ‫[ל תב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכֿי ִֿןִ ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 133‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬א]‬ ‫ֿם]‬ ‫[ ֵאכרֿי ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 134‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 135‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ִ°‬ם‬ ‫נגד‬ ‫[ֿי ֿוֿדֿיֿע ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬א אנשים‬ ‫‪Frg. 136‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[ ֵע ֿוֿד‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫לבש]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿת]‬ ‫ֿי ֵ‬ ‫] [ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 137‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°°[ ] °‬ת ֵכ]‬ ‫לכה]‬ ‫חכ[מת ידים יוסף ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫במשכרתכה כ ֿי לעבודתכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִצדק‬ ‫ֿשכ]‬ ‫[ואורך ימיכה ֿיֿרבו מודה ֿו ֵ‬ ‫תע‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬פעלתכה יום ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪ֵ °°°° °°°°‬ם ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫א‬ ‫חב ֵל בנחלת אב ֿוֿל]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬וֵשכה מדאבון ובעד ֵנ]י‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵוֵא ֿיֿטכה וכל חפציכה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 138‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 139‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵנֵח ‪]°‬‬

‫[ ֵא ֵת ֵה‬ ‫[ ִבחוכמת ידיכה‬ ‫[לכול‬ ‫‪Frg. 140‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵב ֵיֵם ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬רֿיֿכה ֵה ֵנ ֵו ִֵת]רים‬ ‫סוד]‬ ‫[ ֵלה אל תעש ִ‬ ‫שר]ים‬ ‫[ תדע שר ••ֵמ ֵב ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q418

153

Frg. 132 1. 2.

] ]

all [ their host

[

] ]

Frg. 135 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] ]makes known before ] men

Frg. 137 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]manual [sk]ill let Him increase for thee[ ]righteousness in thy wages, For to thy labour[ ]And the length of thy days will be exceedingly many, And [ ] thy recompense by day, [

] ] ] ]

Frg. 138 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] portion in the inheritance of a father, And to[ lift up] thy [he]ad from languishing, And in the luxurie[s of ]will not turn thee astray, And in (?) all thy pleasures[

] ] ]

Frg. 139 2. 3.

[ [

]in thy craftsmanship ]for all

Frg. 140 2. 3. 4.

[ ]thy which have been [left over [ ] thou shalt not conceal a mystery[ [ Then] thou shalt know Him who is Prince over the Princ[es

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 142‬‬

‫‪Frg. 141‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‪°‬א ֵכ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵצדקה]‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ֿכה ]‬ ‫[ ֵמֿי ֵ‬

‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 143‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 144‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫[ ֵר ואז ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ל ֿו ואל ת]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 145‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿמר צב]‬ ‫[סב ֿי ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵד] [ ֵמֿיֿה]‬

‫‪Frg. 146‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫לו[א תעש ֿוֿק ש]כר שכיר )?(‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ל ִד ט ֿו]‬ ‫[אמת ]‬ ‫[ ֵעים לאף עברה ]‬ ‫בעו[לה התהלכתה ואנ‪]°‬‬ ‫[תבונן בעבו]‬ ‫התב]ונן‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫מש]‬ ‫[ה ִ‬ ‫ואם]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 147‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 148‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ] [ם‬ ‫לו[ ֵא תמצא‬ ‫כ[ול מעשיכה‬ ‫[ֿיֿה ואז‬ ‫[ ֵיֵמה כמה‬ ‫[מים‬ ‫[ חבלי ֵיֵם‬ ‫[ֵם‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫]‬ ‫הדרֿיֿם בה ]‬ ‫כול מואסי ב‪]°‬‬ ‫את ֵה]‬ ‫‪ vacat‬איש ֵר ֿו‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫דעת עבודתכה ומשמה ֵת]‬ ‫בינה לקדמוניות שים ל‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿר ֿוֿת אנש]ים‬ ‫דעת ובכול ספ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫מעשיכה ואמונה בפרי ֵש]פתיכה‬ ‫עולם ‪ֵ [ ]°‬בֿיֿש‪ °[ ]°[ ]°‬ל‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

Frg. 143

Frg. 144 2. 3.

[ ] [ ]

155

And then thou wilt[ And do not [

] ]

2.

[

]righteousness[

]

Frg. 145 2.

[

]turn, he will say

[

]

Frg. 146 2.

[

thou shalt n]ot extort the w[ages of (or oppress[) a hireling

]

Frg. 147 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

]truth[ ] to angry wrath[ in ini]quity hast thou walked; And ]understand the wor[k of ] under[stand ] [ ]or whether[

[

] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 148 Col. i 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ [ [ [ [ [

thou shalt n]ot (?) find a]ll thy deeds mystery that is to c]ome. And then ] How much ]waters ] sailors of the sea

Col. ii 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

those who dwell in it [ all who despise kn[owledge vacat A man of poverty art thou[ knowledge of thy work, And from there thou [shalt To understanding of the former things set [thy mind

] ] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪156‬‬

‫‪Frg. 149‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ִוִאז ִתק]‬ ‫ֿב]‬ ‫[ ִנִדיבים ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ִמֿיֿד ואז י]‬ ‫הת[ ֵענגתה בח ֿי]‬ ‫[אשֿיֿת מ]‬ ‫[תן שכל ]‬ ‫ה[ ִה ִת]ה[ ִל]כ‬ ‫‪Frg. 150‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ק ֿו אל ]‬ ‫[בעד]‬ ‫[ ֵע ִה ִרע ֵל‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 151‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫בתה]‬ ‫[ ִש ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵעם]‬

‫‪Frg. 152‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵע ִם]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִתֿי ֵא]‬ ‫[ ל]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵבת ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 153‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ִד‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵהמר ֵו]‬

‫‪Frg. 154‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 155‬‬

‫‪Frg. 157‬‬

‫‪Frg. 156‬‬

‫[‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪] °°‬‬ ‫[מה ]‬ ‫[ ִת ֵא‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 158‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫יהדרו נדיבים)?([‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫] [‪]°°° °°‬‬ ‫לב]‬ ‫ֵכ ֵי מארבֿי ִ‬ ‫]ד[רוש כול חפצ]‬ ‫במעשיכה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מבין‬ ‫בדוכ]ה‬ ‫ֵפ••וניכה ומלכים ִיכ ֵ‬ ‫שכל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫] [ל] [‪°‬נתכה] ר[ ֵוֵב‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frgs. 159‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫ב[קש ֿו‬

‫נקם ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿד ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫מועלה האֿי ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 7. 8. 9.

157

knowledge, And in all the scribal craft of m[en thy deeds, And fidelity in the fruit of [thy lips eternity [

] ] ]

Frg. 149 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] And then thou wilt [ ]nobles, And a[mong ] And then he/it will[ ]thou [hast] taken exquisite delight in li[fe ] [ He will] grant intelligence [ ]wal[k] about[

] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 150 2. 3.

[ [

]

]about[ the evil [

] ]

Frg. 152 1.

[

]with[

]

Frg. 158 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

since those who lie in wait for [ [St]udy all [thy] business[ understanding (all) thy deeds [ thy presence, And kings will glorify th[ee [ ]thy [abun]dance in understanding[

] Thou art] Princes will honour] ] ]

Frgs. 159 Col. i 2. 3.

[ [

s]eek thou shalt not do any]more

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5a‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[סף‬ ‫[‪°‬ה‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫מ[ ֵשל ֿוֿח‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪°‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪158‬‬

‫בצדקו ובכוח גב ֵו]רתו‬ ‫השען במעשה צ]דק‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫התהלככה ולמח]סור‬ ‫כבוד ֵכה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ומדת‬ ‫תבל ] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫תכ ֿוֿן ִ‬ ‫] [ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 160‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫גליהם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֿוֿמהר]‬ ‫בעד]‬ ‫ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 161 has been reassigned to 4Q418c.‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 162‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿל ֵד ] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֿוֿי ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵכיא אמרתם ]‬ ‫יו[סֿיֿף על נחלת ֿו ]‬ ‫[ ֵשחת עולם ֿוֿהיה לכה כב]וד‬ ‫[ ש ִוקקה ֿוֿח‪]°‬‬ ‫)?(‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 163‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ֿ °‬ו]‬ ‫[‪°‬ת בינה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 164‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֵל]‬ ‫[ר ֵו ֵ‬ ‫מל[אכֿי ֿו ֿוֿבין ]‬ ‫[ ִעד ֿוֿמלכֿי]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 165‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫מעש]י‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[כול‬ ‫[שכיל ֿו בינ]ה‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 166‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵצפ ֿו ל‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬א] [‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 167a + b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫בכ ֿו]ל‬ ‫[ ִמתכונתה ִ‬ ‫[ ֵה בם כי כמוזני צד]ק‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

159

4. 5. 6.

[ [ [of thy hand

] ]reaching forth ]

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

vengeance [ its acting treacherously (calamity) [ in His righteousness and in [His] mighty stre[ngth lean thou upon works of right[eousness thy walking about, And to pov[erty leads and the measure of thy glory [ the earth is established[

Col. ii ] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 160 1. 2. 3.

their waves[ and quickly[ about[

] ] ]

Frg. 162 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ]For you have said [ [ will] increase his inheritance [ [Thou wilt be saved from] eternal destruction, And thou wilt have glo[ry [ ]rushing about [

Frg. 163

Frg. 164 2. 3.

[ ]His [an]gels and among [ [ ] and kings[

] ]

Frg. 166 1.

[

] ] ] ]

2.

[

]

understanding[

]

[ ] all the deed[s of [ ]teach understand[ing

] ]

Frg. 165 ]keep watch for

[ ] 2. 3.

Frgs. 167a + b For the translation, see 4Q415 11.

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪160‬‬

‫כ[ֿיֿא זאת תעלה זואת]‬ ‫[א יהיו ב‪]°‬מה‬ ‫]‬ ‫ועומ]ר‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִאשר לוא ] לאיפה ו[איפה לעמר‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֿחמה ליפי מראיה ] מבֿיֿנֿיֿם כי לפיא רוחות‬ ‫] [ אשר לוא ביחד ] [ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫יתכנ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵה ֵו‬ ‫כו[ ִל מומיה ספר לו ובגוי]תיה הבי ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫] [תכנתה ביחד רוחמ]ה‬ ‫ֿה]יה‬ ‫כי[ ֵא נגף באפלה ֿו ִ‬ ‫לפ ֵנ]יו‬ ‫]יהיה לו [ ִכמכשול ִ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ך ]‬ ‫] [ל] [ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 168‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵכ ֵה ֵכ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ל נגף מכשול]‬ ‫ת[שוקת אב]‬ ‫מב]ין‬ ‫[ ֵאתה ִ‬

‫‪Frgs. 169 + 170‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ם ] [נחל‪]°‬‬ ‫ובהתה]לכו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵעם פק ֿו]דת ֿו‬ ‫[מוסר ובאהב]ת ח[סד ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵדֿי ֿו ובכול ‪]°‬‬ ‫[שקדכ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 171‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫שקל]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[שֿי ֵח]‬

‫‪Frg. 172‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵר ֵז נה ִי ִִה]‬ ‫ומשקל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬הרוח‬ ‫ֿח]ד‬ ‫[ ֵע ֵלֿיֿכה יכ ֿוֿנו ל ֿו ִ‬ ‫[בתמים דרך עם קץ ]‬ ‫ל[ ֵפֿי רוב נחלת איש באמ]ת‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו אליך עם עשתרותי]ה‬ ‫ובהתהלכמה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬בנֿיֿה שלום‬ ‫• •ה‬ ‫וב{שדה ומגוזל ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ד מחיות }‬ ‫[‪°‬בער בשדה אחר ישל]ם‬ ‫[‪°‬כה עם מרעֿיֿתכה ובמר]עית‬ ‫למה{ שנה ]‬ ‫[ ִב ִכול מרעֿיֿתמה } ִ‬ ‫תדמה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬שיבה למה‬ ‫בי[דכה משפט הצאן ובל]שונכה‬ ‫[מה בחרב הֿי ֿו]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

161

Frg. 168 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

] tripping up stumbli[ng the ye]arning of the po[or ]Thou, O understan[ding one

] ] ]

Frgs. 169 + 170 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

]inherit [ ]with [his] punish[ment] And in [his] wa[lking] about[ in hearing ]instruction and in loving [kin]dness [ ] And in all [ And He will ]keep watch over th[ee

] ] ] ] ]

]weight[

]

Frg. 171 1.

[

Frg. 172 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

[ ]the mystery that is to come[ ] [ ] of the spirit and the weigh[ing of ] [ ]thy will be established, To be united[ ] [ walk] in perfection of way, together with the end [of ] [ acc]ording to the magnitude of a man’s inheritance in the tru[th ] [ ] unto thee with [her] kids[ ] [ among] her young ones peace, And in their walking about[ ] [ separ]ate from the beasts of the field, And from the young birds of [ ] [ If ] and it grazes in another man’s field, he (i.e. the shepherd?) will recom[pense him (sc. the landowner) ] [ ]of thee with thy pasturage, And in thy past[ure ] [ ]in all their pasturage {lest} year [by year ] [ ]do thou bring it back Lest it/thou resemble[ ] [ in ]thy [p]ower is the judgement of the flock, And by thy to[ngue shall they be declared righteous or wicked ] [ th]ey by the sword have been[ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪162‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 173‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫מר[ ִע ֿיֿתמה]‬ ‫[ ֿוֿת חס]‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[ובמרעית‪]°‬‬ ‫פקדמה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל ] [ל]‬ ‫••‬ ‫כה{ ל‪]°‬‬ ‫[קול}‬ ‫••‬ ‫מש[פט קדש]‬ ‫יש[ ִכֿיֿל ֿו]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 174‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 175‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[באֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿה]‬ ‫[תש ֿו ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 176‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫אר ֵץ]‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬וֿתיך ֵ‬ ‫צדק]‬ ‫ֿל הדרֿיֿם בה ֿוֿאבלֿי ִ‬ ‫כ[ ֿו ִ‬ ‫א[ ֵת ִה מבין בה ֿוֿות מדהבה אל ִת]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 177‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5a‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7a‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°°°‬ם ]‬ ‫צה ֵו לוא]‬ ‫בק ֵ‬ ‫שח[ת ואבדון אשר ִ‬ ‫[ ֿוֿכסה חרפתכה ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬וִ קח בינה האזינה ל‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִאתה רש ונדיבים ֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵלכו כול ֵצ]דיקי‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬‬

‫את[ה ֵדע ֵרזֿי ֿו ֵכ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵה השמר מא ֵו]ד‬ ‫וטכה]‬ ‫[ ִא ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 178‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]° °°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ[ ] °‬ם]‬ ‫ב[ ֵבֿיֿתכה תעזור ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫תמ[צא בית מכ ֿוֿנים ]‬ ‫חרפתכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כס[ ֵה‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ה‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

163

Frg. 173 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] [ ]their [pa]sturage[

] ] ] ] ] ] ]

] ] vacat [ ]and in [its] pasturage[ ]punish them[ ] [ ] [

Frg. 174 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]{thy} voice to [ His] holy [ju]dgement[ they [will un]derstand

] ] ]

Frg. 175 2.

[

]it will resemble[

]

Frg. 176 1. 2. 3.

[ ]thy (fem.?) . . . s, the land[ [ a]ll those who dwell in it, but those who mourn for righteousness[ [ O th]ou who hast understanding of the calamities of tax-collection(?), Do not[

] ] ]

Frg. 177 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] [ the pi]t and Abaddon in whose boundary no[ ] and cover thou thy shame vacat [ ] and get thou understanding. Give ear to ]thou art poor, But princes [ ]all the r[ighteous] walk[

[

] ] ] ] ] ]

7a.

[

] know [tho]u His mysteries a[s

]

7. 8.

[ [

]take gre[at] heed for thyself [lest ] thy secret[

] ]

Frg. 178 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

in] thy house she will help vacat [ she will f]ind an established dwelling-place[ will cove]r thy shame[

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪164‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 179‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵק ֿו ִבת ֵו]‬ ‫[ם צ ֿוֿה ]‬ ‫רז [ ִנִהיה אשר]‬ ‫[ל] [‪°‬ל ֵב]‬

‫‪Frg. 180‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫כש]‬ ‫[אשר ֵ‬ ‫[ת כול ח ֵי]‬ ‫[ ִל ִה ִוִ ןִִ ִא]‬

‫‪Frg. 181‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֿוֿצאן ֵב]‬ ‫בהת[הלככה לוא]‬

‫‪Frg. 182‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ שמה ֿו]‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬ואתה ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬לוא ֵב ֵמ ֵע]שי‬

‫‪Frgs. 183a + b‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿב‪ֵ °[ ]°‬כה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵתעז ֿוֿב שכבת ]זרע‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 184‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫משה ֿו]‬ ‫[‪ ] °‬דב[ ֵר ביד ִ‬ ‫ֿם]‬ ‫א[ ִשר גלה אזנכה ברז נהיה בֿי ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵשה לכה ופן תאוכל ושבעתה ֿו‪]°‬‬ ‫הלש ֵכ ֿוֿןִִ ]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪Frgs. 185a + b‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֿרדֿי ]‬ ‫[ ֵלֿי ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[הנחלה ]‬ ‫[ ִל ִכבשים]‬ ‫[תנחל ֵכ]בו[ֵד]‬ ‫א[תה ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬שתה ]‬ ‫טהור]‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 186‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

165

Frg. 179 2. 3.

[ [

] He commanded[ the mystery that ]is to come, Which[

] ]

Frg. 180 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]which [ ] every living be[ing hum]an wealth [

] ] ]

Frg. 181 1. 2.

[ [

]and the flock [ in] thy walking [about] no[

] ]

] thither [ ] vacat And thou, [O ] not in wo[rks of

] ] ]

]thou shalt/she will give up sexual inter[course

]

Frg. 182 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

Frgs. 183a + b 2.

[

Frg. 184 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

He spo]ke through Moses [ h]ow He uncovered thy ear about the mystery that is to come in the day of[ lest ] to thee, and lest thou eat and be satisfied, and [ ]is it so as to dwell[

] ] ] ]

Frgs. 185a + b 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

]for those who go down [to the sea ]the inheritance [ ]for the lambs[ ]thou shalt inherit g[lor]y[ th]ou[

] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 186 2.

[

]pure[

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪166‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 187‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ִ °‬ם ]‬ ‫ֿח ֵש]ב‬ ‫[ ִם ֿו ִ‬ ‫[ המ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 188‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ֵ °°‬ק]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֿוֿת הוד]‬ ‫ֿח]תו‬ ‫ב[ ֵב ֿוֿאכה למנ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫הש]‬ ‫[‪°‬ם ֵ‬ ‫נח ִמד ֵה]וא‬ ‫[ אב ֿוֿת כיא ִ‬ ‫מע[ ֵשֿי ברית לוא ידרש ִו]‬ ‫[ ִפ ִן יש ֿוֿגו בדברי] קודש‬ ‫וב ִנִ יכה‬ ‫אתה] ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 189‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿשפ]‬ ‫פ[ ֵן ֿי ִ‬ ‫[ ֵבל יבין ]‬

‫‪Frg. 190‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫גלה אוז[ ֵנֿיֿכה ברז‬ ‫נהי[ ֿוֿת עולם‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]נהיה‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 192‬‬

‫‪Frg. 191‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫חד‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ִמרפא ֿו ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֵה]‬ ‫[ ֿו בי ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫[ל ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵתה לוא ]‬ ‫[ ֵוֵגבורת]‬

‫‪Frg. 193‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 194‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵיֵלֿי א]‬ ‫[ ִל ִכ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ה[ ֵת ֵה ִל ִכ ִה ]‬ ‫[ ֿוֿכ ֿוֿל ש]‬ ‫לע]‬ ‫[ם ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 195‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ הב]‬ ‫[ ֵה ֿוֿמ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 196‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

167

Frg. 188 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

] of splendour[ when] thou comest into [His] rest[ ] [ of the] fathers, for i[t ]is desirable[ w]orks of the covenant shall not be investigated[ ]lest they go astray in matters of[ holiness ] thou[ and thy sons

] ] ] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 189 1. 2.

[ [

le]st he be jud[ged ]he shall not make to understand[

] ]

Frg. 190 2. 3.

[ [that is to come

He has opened ]thine [ea]rs about the mystery thin]gs [to come] in eternity

Frg. 191

Frg. 192 1. 2.

[ [

] not[ ]and sound wisdom[

] ]

1.

[

]his healing [

]

Frg. 193 1.

Frg. 196 1. 2.

[ [

]her walking [ ]and all [

] ]

[

]

understanding[

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 197‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִשכֿיֿל ֿו בכול ולא]‬ ‫ֿק]ח [מצות ש]‬ ‫[ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵל ִד ִר ֵכ]ֿי‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 198‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫תמיד בכול ]‬ ‫מעשיו ובה]‬ ‫תק ֵו]ת שונא‬ ‫אבדה ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 199‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ הבא ביחד]‬ ‫תוִ סף עוד]‬ ‫אל[ ִ‬ ‫[‪] °‬א[ ֵשר אל י]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 200‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ °‬יגון ובמרֿי ֵֿר]‬ ‫כש‪]°‬‬ ‫למ[ ֵען תופיע ִ‬ ‫[ לוא תזכֿי ִֿר]‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ° °°‬ב‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 201‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬נהיה הודיע אל נח]לת‬ ‫[ ִויסגר בעד כול בני ע]ולה‬ ‫[‪]°°° °°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 202‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֿל]די‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו קח מ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ שמע]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 203‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ֵצ]‬

‫[‬

4Q418

169

Frg. 197 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

will] understand everything and not[ ]and gra[sp] the commandment of [ ] way[s of

] ] ]

Frg. 198 1. 2. 3.

continually in all [ His deeds and upon it[ perished is the hope [of the enemy

] ] ]

Frg. 199 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] bring thou into the community[ ]thou shalt [not] do further[ ] [whi]ch let him not[ (or, [wh]om God wi[ll)

] ] ]

Frg. 200 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

in

of] grief and in bitterness[ of so th]at thou/she/it shine forth like [ ] thou/she/it will not remember[

] ] ]

[ by the mystery] that is to come God has made known the inher[itance of [ ]and it was shut upon all the sons of in[iquity

] ]

Frg. 201 1. 2.

Frg. 202 1. 2.

[ [

]

comprehend the origi[ns of ] hear[

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 204‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ידכה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בלבב‪]°‬‬ ‫כ ֵי לרצ ֵו]נ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 205‬‬

‫[ ֵדֿיֿם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬נ ֿו אוילי לב‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬וֵרתה‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 206‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵבא‬ ‫[ ֵמלך‬ ‫[‪ °‬ק ֿוֿר]‬ ‫[ ֵמם חיה ועוף ֵכ ֵיֵא‬ ‫מל[ ֿוֿכה ומלכה ממשל‬ ‫[ ֵהל ואתה יגעתה‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]וממשל‬

‫‪Frg. 207‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ל ֵו‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫קצ‪]°‬‬ ‫ולשא ֿו]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫במאזנים]‬ ‫ֿיֿד ֵרֵש ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֿו]‬

‫‪Frg. 208‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫כו[ל אש]ר‬ ‫[ ִדע ֿו ]‬ ‫[ ֿוֿמת ]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ֵלֿיֿמֿי]‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵדת רש]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 209‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 210‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ רק לכ]‬ ‫[ ֵיֵש בכח ֿו ]‬ ‫[לא ֿיֿד]‬

‫‪Frg. 211‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ִ °°‬תמה ]‬ ‫[ובצאתם ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418

171

Frg. 204 1. 2. 3.

thy hand[ in [his] heart[ for to [thy] good pleasu[re

] ] ]

Frg. 205 2.

[

under]stand, O ye foolish of heart

Frg. 206 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [and dominion

] [ ]reigns ]also beast and bird, for king]dom and realm, dominion ] and thou hast grown weary

Frg. 207 2. 3. 4. 5.

tim[es and to as[k after in the scales[ it will be sought out

] ] ] ]

[

Frg. 208 1. 2.

[ [

everyth]ing whi[ch ]know [

] ]

]to the days of[ visita]tion of the wicked[

] ]

Frg. 209 1. 2.

[ [

Frg. 210 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]

] only to [ in his strength [ ] not [

] ] ]

Frg. 211 1. 2.

[ [

]their [ ]and in their going forth[

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪172‬‬

‫הל ֵו]א‬ ‫ֿרתמה ִ‬ ‫[ ֵם בכול ע ֿוֿב ֿו ֵ‬ ‫תוא[ ֵבד עולה כיא יב ֿוֿא סוף ]‬ ‫[ ֵתם]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 212‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ממ ֵל]כה‬ ‫[תרעש ִ‬ ‫[ ֵבֿי ֿוֿם משפטה‬ ‫[ ִל] [ עד‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 214‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ אמת ]‬ ‫מש[ ִפט צדק ֿי‪]°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 215‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ֵו א ֵו]‬ ‫[ לש]‬

‫‪Frg. 216‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫עש]‬ ‫[ ִמ ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 218‬‬

‫‪Frg. 217‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫י[צר ]‬ ‫[ ֵה]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫ֿשפ]‬ ‫[ ֿי ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 219‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֿו הֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫פלא]‬ ‫[ ברז ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬

‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 220‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[ עולה]‬ ‫ֿלת]‬ ‫[ ֵוֵא ֿו ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 221‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ פי ]‬ ‫וא]‬ ‫ול ִ‬ ‫[ ֵהמה ִ‬ ‫ֵבֿיֿאים ולהבין ִכ ִוִ ֵל ִפ ֵוֵתיים]‬ ‫[ ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫‪] vacat‬‬ ‫ולהו[ ֵסֿיֿף לקח למבינים‬ ‫י‬ ‫[נא ֿו ִֿדעו משפט ֿו ואז תבדלו ִב]ין‬ ‫ו[תתבוננו לדעת טוב]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 222‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ברֵת ֿו ֿו ִֿד ֵכ‪ֵ °‬ל ֵכ]‬ ‫[ ֵה ִב ֵנ] [ ֵד ֵ‬ ‫שמ[עה רוח ֿו ומזל שפת ֿו א]ל‬ ‫[להוכיח ֵפושעים ֵוֵלה‪]°°‬‬ ‫ֿא ֵב]‬ ‫[ ִדע ֿו] [‪ֵ °[ ]°‬כֿי ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 3. 4.

[ [

173

]in all their pregnancy will [they] no[t will pe]rish iniquity, for the end will come[

] ]

Frg. 212 1. 2.

[ [

]the king[dom] will be shaken [ ] ]in the day of the judgement on it

Frg. 214 1. 2.

[ [

] truth [ with a judge]ment of righteousness He will [judge

] ]

Frg. 216 1.

[

]deed[s

]

Frg. 217 1.

inc]lination [

]

Frg. 219

Frg. 220 2. 3.

[

[ ]in the wonderful mystery[

]

[ ]them, and no[ ] the mouth of [ [ ] the prophets And to make all the simple ones understand[ [ And to in]crease learning for the intelligent ones vacat [ [ ]pray, and know ye His judgements. And then you shall make a separation be[tween ] [ And ]you shall get understanding so as to know good[

] ] ]

[ [

] iniquity[ ]and folly[

] ]

2.

Frg. 221 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

]

Frg. 222 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

]

son[s ] thou hast said it, And a[l]l of[ he]ar his spirit And the outpouring of his lips do n[ot ]to reprove transgressors And to [ ]know for [

] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪174‬‬

‫‪Frg. 223‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫[ב ֿוֿד ֿו ֿו]‬ ‫ֿפתאֿיֿה]‬ ‫[ ֵבֿי ֿוֿם ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ל] [ ִל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 224‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫כיא]‬ ‫[‪ֿ°‬י ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬כ ֿוֿל‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 225‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬ף •]‬ ‫[ ש ֿוֿקד ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 226‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ע ֿו כֿי]‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬ת‪]°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 227‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ִמבין מכ ֿוֿן כ] [‪]°‬‬ ‫והייתה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫למחשבת ֿו‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[ מצולה ומשכ]‬ ‫פ[ ֵת ִח ֵב ֵה]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 228‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ה ֿו]‬ ‫[‪ °‬המשילה אם הבעתה ]‬ ‫[ ֵב ֿוֿד כיא קח משפט קצ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫[ל] [‪]°°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵכב ֿו או ֵהת‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֿיֿר ֿוֿצ ֿו מעת ֵש]‬ ‫[להדמות בכו]ל‬ ‫[ ת]‬ ‫[‪ֵ[ ]°°‬ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 229‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 231‬‬

‫‪Frg. 230‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִמ ִה]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬עם ק]‬ ‫[ ֵעד בל ֿו]‬ ‫[ ֵפנֿי]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ִמ ִדת]‬

‫‪Frg. 233‬‬

‫‪Frg. 232‬‬ ‫?‪top margin‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ°‬צ‪]°‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫[‪ֵ °°°‬ה]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִכה ֿו]‬ ‫פרד]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 234‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫קוד]ש‬ ‫] [נחלת ִ‬ ‫] [ ִכ ִה ֵנֵבח ֵר]‬ ‫[ ‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 235‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 Frg. 223

Frg. 224 1. 2.

175

[ ]his for[ [ ]all [

] ]

2. 3.

[ ]by his hand and[ [ ]by day And their simple ones[

] ]

Frg. 225 2.

[

] watching [

]

Frg. 227 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

]understanding the foundation of [ ]according to His plan, And thou hast been [to Him ] the deep and the abod[e o]pen [

] ] ] ]

Frg. 228 2. 3.

[ [

]He has [not (?)] set her in authority; If thou hast uttered [ ]but take the judgement on the time[s

] ]

]

] ] ]

Frg. 229 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

or [ ]they will run from the time of ]to be destroyed in al[l

Frg. 235 1. 2.

[ ]thy [ [ ]divide[

[

Frg. 234 ] ]

1. 2.

[ ]inheritance of holi[ness [ ]thy chosen[

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪176‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 237‬‬

‫‪Frg. 236‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫והתחדש]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[ ֵאם נקבה ]‬ ‫[לבבכה ק ֵו]דש‬ ‫[ בחנה ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[מנ ֿוֿחֿי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ נפש ול]‬ ‫[ ֵאוצ]ר‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 238‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ ִמשכיל ֿוֿא]‬ ‫ב‬ ‫[ ֵא ומעשה]‬ ‫התבו[ ִנִ ן בנהיי ֵע]ולם‬ ‫י[ ֵמֿי נצח ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ יום ]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 239‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵקש ֿו‬ ‫בידכה מש[פט הצא ֵו ֵן‬ ‫ד[ ֵרשם‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫)‪Frg. 240 (formerly 279‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿש]‬ ‫ֿו ִ‬ ‫ובבינת ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מחסורכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 241 (formerly 268‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°[ ] °‬‬ ‫[•לבהפלא ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 242 (formerly 252‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬ה א]‬ ‫אפיכ ֵה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 243 (formerly 278‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵבד ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֿוֿרבת אולת א] [ֵל]‬ ‫רע ֵמ ֵכ]‬ ‫אל [תשלח שרש ֵ‬ ‫תד]‬ ‫[כבקצי שדה ֵ‬ ‫נאמר ֵב]‬ ‫[‪ֿ °‬ו ֵנֵגע ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418 Frg. 236

Frg. 237 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

177

]rest [ ] soul and ] treasu[ry

] ] ]

[

1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] and renew thyself[ or ]if a female [ ]thy heart ho[ly ] test thou it [

] ] ] ]

Frg. 238 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

]instructor and [ ] and upon the deed[ consi]der diligently those who are to exist et[ernally da]ys everlasting [ ] day [

] ] ] ] ]

Frg. 239 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

se]ek in thy power is the jud]ging of the flock se]ek them

Frg. 240 2. 3.

And in the understanding of [ thy poverty[

] ]

Frg. 241 2.

[

]wondrously [

]

Frg. 242 2.

[

] thy anger[

]

Frg. 243 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]and a woman abounding in folly ]thou shalt [not ]send forth an evil root ]as at the ends of the fields [ ] and a bitter plague on[

[ [

] ] ] ]

178

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Frg. 244 (formerly 271)

[ [ [

]°°[ ]‫[ בעבודתכה ֿוֿנא‬ ] ‫[ ֵה‬

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 245 (formerly 272)

[ [ [

]°[ ]‫[אמת ֵת‬ ]‫תת‬ ֵ [

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 246 (formerly 259)

[ [ [

] °‫ א‬°[ ‫[ֿיֿרבה מא]וד‬ ]°‫[ֵש‬

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 247 (formerly 275)

[ [

]‫ֵה‬ ֵ ‫[למעש ֵי‬ ]‫בס‬ ֵ [

] ]

1 2

Frg. 248 (formerly 253)

[ [

]°°‫[עתֿי‬ ]‫[ ֵעֿיֿר ֿו‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 249 (formerly 254)

[ [ [

]‫עת ִמ‬°[ ]‫ואל‬ ֵ ‫ה לכה‬°[ ‫[ רש הוא וא]ביון‬

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 250 (formerly 297)

[ [ [

] ‫[ בכל‬ ] ‫ ֵעולם‬°[ ] ‫ ִב ֿו‬°°[

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 251 (formerly 256)

[ [ [

] ‫נח[ ֵלת אדם‬ ] ‫ והלככה‬°[ ]‫מאד‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵת‬

] ] ]

]° ‫א[ ֵגֵר בכול‬ ]‫[ חלף משכ ֿו ִֿר‬

] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 252 (formerly 261)

[ [

1 2

4Q418

179

Frg. 244 2.

[

] in thy work and

[

]

Frg. 245 2.

[

]truth

[

]

]very much in[deed

]

]

] ] ]

Frg. 246 2.

[

Frg. 249 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

time of [ ] walk and do not[ ]poor is he and ne[edy

Frg. 250 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] in all [ ] of eternity [ ] in it [

] ] ]

inher]itance of Adam [ ] and thy walking [ ] very much[

] ] ]

Frg. 251 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

Frg. 252 1. 2.

[ [

ga]ther in all ] in return for wage[s

[

] ]

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

180

Frg. 253 (formerly 240)

[ [

]°‫ט‬°[ ]°‫[ ִבמ ֿו‬

] ]

‫לבלת]י‬ ִ ‫[ה‬

]

1

]‫[ ה מ‬

]

1

]°‫[ בעכ‬ ]‫המ[שיֿל ֿו ֵב‬ ]°°[

] ] ]

1 2

Frg. 254 (formerly 241)

[ Frg. 255 (formerly 242)

[ Frg. 259 (formerly 246)

[ [ [ Frg. 260 (formerly 247)

[ [

]°[ ]‫ֿדכה‬ ִ ‫[ ֵבי‬

1 2 3

Frg. 260

] ]

1

2

2

]by/from thy hand[

Frg. 261 (formerly 248)

[ [

]° ‫ אם‬°[ ]°[

]‫ֿבט‬ ִ ‫[ו‬ ]‫[ ֵל‬

] ]

]° °°[ ]‫[ ֵת תבל‬

] ]

]°‫ תע‬°[ ]‫[ ִל‬

] ]

1 2

1 2

Frg. 267

[ [

2

[ [

] ‫[ ֵבה‬ ]‫[ ֵל‬

] ]

2

] ]

2

1

Frg. 264

Frg. 265

[ [

1

Frg. 262

Frg. 263

[ [

] ]

[ [

‫כו[ל צאצ]אי‬ ]°[

1

Frg. 266 1 2

[ [

Col. ii

Col. i

]‫מ‬ ]

‫[מה‬ ‫תכה‬ ִ °[

2

‫דע]ת‬ ֵ ‫[ל‬

]

1

] ] ]

2

1

Frg. 268 (formerly 276)

[ Frg. 269

Frg. 270

[ [

]‫ ֵא ת‬°[ ]°°[

] ]

1 2

[ [ [

]‫[ ֵכ ֵל ֵת‬ ‫הסת]ר‬ ִ [ ]‫[זֵה‬

1

3

4Q418

181

Frg. 271 (formerly 250)

[ [

]‫[ ֵה ֿו‬ ] ‫[ אם‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 272 (formerly 251)

[ [

]°°[ ]‫[וֿאמ‬

] ]

] ‫[ ֵמביֿן‬ ] ‫[ ִל‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 273

[ [

1 2

Frg. 274 (formerly 243)

[

]°‫[ ֵמיֿם ִה‬

]

1

]‫[נֵרד‬

]

1

]‫[ל ִב‬

]

1

Frg. 275 (formerly 244)

[ Frg. 276 (formerly 274)

[ Frg. 277

[ [ [

]‫ֵב‬ ֵ‫[ ו‬ ]‫שקד‬ ֵ [ ]‫[ ֿיֿי ֵנ‬

] ] ]

1 2 3

Frg. 278 (formerly 249)

[ [

]‫לר‬ ֵ ‫[ ִר‬ ]‫[ ִהוֿא‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 279

[ [ Frg. 281

[

] ]

]‫חמ‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵש‬

]

1

]

1

1 2

Frg. 280

] ‫[ש‬

]

1

[

bottom margin

bottom margin

Frg. 283

[

]°°‫[ כב‬ ]‫[ ֵכה וֿא‬

Frg. 282

]°[ ] ‫[וֵה‬ bottom margin

]

1

[

] ‫[ ֵבא‬ bottom margin

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

182 Frg. 285

[

Frg. 284

]‫[ ֵמ‬

]

1

bottom margin

[ [

]‫[וֿספר‬ ]‫[ ֵפה ֿו‬

] ]

2

] ]

2

1

bottom margin

Frg. 286

[ [ [ [

Frg. 286

] ‫רוח‬ ִ ‫[ ֵכוֿל‬ ]°‫ ח‬°[ ]‫[ ִמועד ֵו‬ ] ‫[ ִב ֵעד‬

] ] ] ]

2 3 4

Frg. 288

[

]

1

] ]

1 2

[ [

]‫לת‬ ֵ ‫[יהם‬ ]° ‫לת ֿו בם‬°[

1

[ [

]‫[ פ‬ ] ‫[ליֿה‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 291

]° °°[ ]‫[ ֵאל תש‬

] ]

2

]

1

1

Frg. 293

[

] ] ] ]

Frg. 289

] ‫[בדתן‬ ‫[ אוֿה]ב‬

Frg. 291

[ [

]every spirit [ ] [ ]festival [ ]after [

Frg. 287

] ‫[ ִעה‬

Frg. 290

[ [

[ [ [ [

1

[

]do not thou

[

]

Frg. 292

] ‫[ כֿי‬

[

] ‫[ ֵתיֿריֿכה‬

]

1

4Q418a (4QInstructione) ed. J. Strugnell and D. J. Harrington, S. J., DJD XXXIV Frg. 1 (Wad A, layer 1)

‫ֿפֵי‬ ֵ ‫[ ֿו‬ ‫[ֵד‬

] ]

1 2

Frg. 2 (Wad A, layer 2)

[ [ [

]° ‫ֵש ֵכֿיֿלם‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵי‬ ]‫[עושכה כ ֵי‬ ] ‫הואה‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵכיא‬

] ] ]

1 2 3

4Q418a

183

Frg. 294

[ [ Frg. 295

[

]

]‫ֿסר‬ ֵ ‫[ ִמו‬ ]°°‫[יֿע ֿו‬

] ]

] in them [

[

2

]

]‫[ה ֿו‬

]

1

bottom margin

2

Frg. 298

] ‫[נֵא‬ ]‫לוֿא‬°[ ]‫[וֿא‬

] ] ]

]‫ֿצר‬ ֵ ‫[י‬ ]°° [

] ]

1

[

]°‫ֿבד‬ ֵ ‫[ו‬

]

1

]‫בד‬

1

2 3

Frg. 300 1

[ bottom margin

2

Frg. 302

Frg. 303

[ [ [ [ [ [

1

Frg. 296 (formerly 245) 1

Frg. 301

[ [

[

1

Frg. 299

[ [ [

] ]

Frg. 295

] ‫[ בם‬

Frg. 297

[ [

]‫[תד‬ ]‫ ֵא‬°[

]‫[ה שמע‬ ]‫[ל תתע ֵו‬ ] ‫[ ֵו אלה‬ ] ‫[נֵגועים‬ ]‫[ ִמותם ב ֵג‬ ]°‫חי‬°[

1 2 3 4

[ [ [ [

]‫קש‬ ֵ ]‫תהֿי‬ ]‫בינה‬ ]‫ֵפך‬ ֵ ‫ֵנו‬

1 2 3 4

5 6

4Q418a (4QInstructione) trans. J. Strugnell and D. J. Harrington, S. J.

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]he will teach them ]thy maker, for[ ] for He [

[

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪184‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 3 (Wad A, layer 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪]°° °°°‬‬ ‫ע[ ֵם כול זק]ני‬ ‫[ ֵט ק ֵוֵרח ֿוֿאש‪]°‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 4 (Wad A, layer 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫אדמתכ]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫]דורשמ[ה אל תדם בע‪]°‬‬ ‫אד ֵר]שו‬ ‫ֿל ִם דרוש ִ‬ ‫] [ ֵכ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵה] י[ֵמ]צא‬ ‫]‬

‫)‪Frg. 5 (Wad A, layer 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ם ]‬ ‫[שֿי ]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 6 (Wad A, layer 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°°°‬‬ ‫ֿת ספרו לכה ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[מ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫לה שמים ֵה]‬ ‫ל[ ֵמ ֵע ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 7 (Wad A, layer 7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִמבין אתה ֵו‪[ ]°°‬‬ ‫מב[ֿיֿן אתה ומלכים‬ ‫[‪[ ]°°° °°°°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫)‪Frg. 8 (Wad A, layer 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ °‬לכול ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵיֵב ֵי ֵנ ֿוֿם באמונה ו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכ ִה לוא דרשום ]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 9 (Wad B, layer 1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫כיא אוהב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 10 (Wad B, layer 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫לכה ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יש ש ֿו]‬ ‫וכול קנאת ֿו]‬ ‫הב]ן‬ ‫‪ֵ vacat‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q418a

185

Frg. 3 2. 3.

[ [

]

wi]th all the eld[ers of Korah and [

] ]

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ and all the fruit of ]th[y ]land[ the time for seeking th]em. Let it not resemble [ for ]all of them shall truly be investigated[ [ ] [ be f]oun[d

] ] ] ]

[

Frg. 6

3. 4.

[ [

]

they recounted to thee[ to] above the heavens [

] ]

Frg. 7 2. 3.

[ [

]thou art intelligent, and [ ] ]thou art [intel]ligent but/and kings

Frg. 8 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

] for all [ ] giving them understanding about faithfulness and ] they have not sought them out[

[

] ] ]

Frg. 9 2.

For (he is) a lover of[

]

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3. 4.

to thee [ is there which is equ[al in worth to it? And all its zeal[ vacat Under[stand

what price] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 12 (Wad B, layer 4‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 11 (Wad B, layer 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫נהיה ]‬ ‫דע וב]‬ ‫תמיד אל ֵת]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לוא ינקה ]‬

‫רז[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪186‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵק ִצֿי ]‬ ‫[ סוד אמ]ת‬ ‫תשובת ֵכ ֵו]ל‬ ‫[‪ֿ°‬י ִ‬ ‫ֵבל יעב ֿוֿד ]‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 13 (Wad C, layer 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫]‬

‫א[שר לוא בֿי]חד‬

‫[‬

‫)‪Frg. 14 (Wad C, layer 2‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫ֿר ֿוֿתכה ]‬ ‫ֵב ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵג ֵ‬

‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 15 (Wad D, layer 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[חד מ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ אשר לוא יהי ֵו]‬ ‫ֿכא]שר‬ ‫[אחד למשקלמה ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[לעומר ועומר לא]יפה ואיפה‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 16 (Wad D, layer 2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵח ֵר‪]°°‬‬ ‫בל]וא‬ ‫[תה ֵ‬ ‫ע[ ֵמל מדהביכה ֵז‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵא ל ֵר] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִל] [‪°‬בב ֵו ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frgs. 16b + 17 (Wad D, layer 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ולה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵע ֵ‬ ‫בע ִל מכ ֿוֿן ‪]°‬‬ ‫ר[ ֵוֵחכה ֵ‬ ‫עזר ֵב]שרכה‬ ‫[‪°‬ה עם ֵ‬ ‫לוא ֵמ ִע‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ל‪]°°‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫בבה ֿו ]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵ‬ ‫רעיכה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬פ ֿוֿת‬ ‫[ ֵיֵתכה אש]ר‬ ‫לה ִת ֵה]לך‬ ‫ֿלכה ֵ‬ ‫המ[שֿי ֵ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 18 (Wad D, layer 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪Frg. 19 (Wad D, layer 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ֵתבטח ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫וגם] [‬ ‫מ[ ֵשכיל ֵ‬ ‫אז תהי[ ֵה ל ֿו לאב ] [‬ ‫תכה] [‬ ‫ח[ ֵר ֵפ ֵ‬

4Q418a

187

Frg. 12 2. 3. 4.

[ ] tr[ue] foundation[ ] [ ] the returning of al[l flesh ] [ ]and he shall not serve [ ]

Frg. 13

Frg. 14 1.

[ ]thy mighty acts [

]

1.

[ wh]ich is not in pub[lic

]

Frg. 15 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]who will not be[ each ]one for their measuring, and a[s ]by >omer and >omer, by <e[phah and <ephah

] ] ]

Frg. 16

3. 4.

[ [

to]il of those who collect taxes from thee ] when he comes to [

[

] ]

Frgs. 16b + 17 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

]iniquity[ ]thy [sp]irit the Lo[rd of the place ]with the helpmeet [of thy flesh ] dee[d

] ] ] ]

Frg. 18 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]

of thy neighbour[ ] whi[ch over her he has set] thee in authority so that she should wal[k

] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪188‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ א]‬ ‫נעש]‬ ‫[ כול ִ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵפ ֵק ֿוֿד]‬ ‫[‪°‬ב פלא]‬ ‫[ל כיא ]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫הי[ה ב]על ריב‬ ‫כמו[ ֵשל י‬ ‫תק ֵח]‬ ‫צדק ואל ִ‬ ‫[ ִענֿי ברֿיֿבך משפט ֿו]‬ ‫[כיא לפני אפו ִל]וא יעמוד‬ ‫ֵכ]ה‬ ‫ובלי ס[ֵל]י[ ֵח ֵה] א[ ֵי ֵ‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 23‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ש ֵכ ֵה]‬ ‫שופ]ט‬ ‫[ ֵמה ֵ‬ ‫[ ל]‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 24‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿוֿמ]‬ ‫תקל]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אמ]ת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֿו‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֿל]‬ ‫ִכ ֿו ֵ‬ ‫ועד ֵן]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫א ֿו ִה]‬ ‫לש‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪4Q418c (4QInstructionf?) ed. J. Strugnell and‬‬ ‫‪D. J. Harrington, S. J., DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ומות]‬ ‫תה ֵ‬ ‫[ ִח ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ם ֿוֿמי יש‪]°‬‬ ‫אמ]‬ ‫[ ֵל גלילת ֿו ֵ‬ ‫[סג ֿוֿר ‪]°‬‬ ‫עול]‬ ‫א[ ֵבד ֵכ]ו[ל ִ‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q418c

189

Frg. 20 2.

[

] everything that (?) has been ma[de

]

Frg. 21 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

]visit[ ] wonderful[ ] for[

] ] ]

Frg. 22 For the translation, see 4Q417 2 i 12–16.

Frg. 23 See also 4Q418 4.

Frg. 24 1. 2. 3.

[ treat with contempt[ tru[th

thou shalt not] ] ]

Frg. 25 1. 2. 3. 4.

all[ and delight[ or[ [

] ] ]

4Q418c (4QInstructionf?) trans. J. Strugnell and D. J. Harrington, S. J. Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

]

] the depths[ ] and who will [ its territory [ ]will close [ des]troy a[l]l iniquity[

] ] ] ] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫ש[ ִמע ֿו מע]שיו‬ ‫להש[כילו ול‪]°‬‬ ‫רז[ נהיה כי אין ס ֵו]ף‬ ‫[קץ שלום ֿי ֵז] [‪]°‬‬ ‫ר[אש הכרמל תש]‬

‫‪190‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q423 (4QInstructiong) ed. T. Elgvin DJD XXXIV‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1, 2 (formerly 2, 1) Col. i‬‬ ‫}וכל{‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫תנובה וכל עץ נעים נחמד להשכיל הלוא גן נ]עים[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִוִ כל פרי‬ ‫]‬ ‫]הוא ונחמד [ ִל]ה[ ִש ִכיל מ]וא[ ֵדה ובו המשילכה לעבדו ולשמרו ‪ֵ vacat‬ג]ן נאו[ִת‬ ‫וד ֵרדר תצמיח לכה וכוחה לא תתן לכה ‪°‬‬ ‫האדמה[ קוץ ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [‬ ‫‪°[ ]°‬‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ במועלכה‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ֵל][‪°‬ה ֵש] [תה כל‬ ‫הור]ת‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬ילדה וכל רחמי ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫אוטכה‬ ‫[ם תמיד‬ ‫תצמיח] לכה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ בכל חפציכה כי כל‬ ‫]‬ ‫לא‬ ‫מואס [ ֵהרע יודע‬ ‫[ובמטע] [ ִבם ה‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫הטוב‬ ‫ב[ ֵיֵן דרכו‬ ‫]‬ ‫ודרך‬ ‫[ ִה‬ ‫]‬ ‫ולחם‬ ‫‪Frg. 2 (formerly 1) Col. ii‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫וכוח ֵו]‬ ‫‪ֵ[ ]°°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 1Q26 2 2–4 (underline‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫]תרבה‬

‫ות[ ֵם לריק ִכ ֵו]חכה‬ ‫ם‪°‬‬ ‫תהלך ֵוֵכ]ל [ֵת]בואתכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ברז [ ֵנֵהיה וכן ה‬ ‫לא[ ֵחוזת ארץ ועל פיהו הרתה ֵכ ִל] רחם‬ ‫בכור כל ]בהמתכה‬ ‫ובאתה לפני אלהיכה ע[ ִם ראשית פרי בטנכה ו ִ‬ ‫ֵל] פטר רחם לאלהים‬ ‫ובאתה לפני אלהיכ[ ִה לאמר וקדשתי כ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

4Q423 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ [ [ [ [

]they [he]ar [His] wor[ks to make] him wise and to [ mystery] that is to come, For there is no en[d ]period of peace [ ][ the sum]mit of Carmel will [

191 ] ] ] ] ]

4Q423 (4QInstructiong) trans. T. Elgvin Frgs. 1, 2 Col. i 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ ]and every {every}fruit that is produced and every tree which is good, pleasing to give knowledge. Is [it] not a ga[rden of pastu]re [and pleasant ]to[ gi]ve great knowledge? He set you in charge of it to till it and guard it. vacat An [enjoya]ble g[arden] [ the earth,] thorns and thistles will it sprout forth for you, and its strength it will not yield to you, [ ] [ ] in your being unfaithful vacat [ ] [ ] vacat her child, and all the compassion of her that is pregna[nt ]you [...]ed all your resources [ ] in all your business, for everything it causes to sprout[ forth for you ] always not to [ ]and in a planting[ ]them [ rejecting ]the evil and knowing the good, [ be]tween his way and the way of [ ] and bread

Frg. 2 Col. ii 9.

and its strength[

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

your st]rength will be s[pent] in va[in by the mystery ](that is) to come. Thus you shall walk, and al[l your] c[rops will multiply as a po]rtion of land. On His word every [womb will bear you shall come before your God wit]h the firstborn of your womb and the firstborn of all [your cattle you shall come before you]r[ God] and say: ‘I consecrate [to God] everyone[ who opens the womb’

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪192‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 3a (formerly 21‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ובחסד ֵי ֵֵכ]ה‬ ‫[ בפרי בטנו ִד ִל‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 1Q26 1 (underline; lines 01–04 = 1Q26 1 5–8‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪04‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3a‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫נהיה‬ ‫ברז ִ‬ ‫לם המזו‬ ‫ִתבואתכה הג‬ ‫כאשר גלה אוזנכה ברז ִ‬ ‫נה ֵיה‬ ‫‪°‬ה לכה הש[ ֵמ ֵר] ל[ֵכ]ה למה [ ִתכבדכה ממנ ֵו ֵו]‬ ‫‪°‬ונארותה בכ[ל תבואת]כה ִו ֵנכל[ִמתה בכל מעשיכה במ‪]°‬‬

‫]‬

‫ואמר לו אני חלקכה[‬

‫קד] ֵמשפט‬ ‫ל ריבכה וביד[ ֵו ֵפ ֵ‬

‫‪ִ °°‬ל א ֵגדל[ ֵכה ִנִ ֵג]ד כול‬ ‫ִל ִל ‪°°°‬‬

‫]ונחלתכה בתוך בני אדם‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫וכול [‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1a‬‬

‫]‬

‫[ ֵוֵהשמר לכה‬

‫תש ֵי ִֵב‬ ‫ִפן ֵ‬

‫וה]ן[‬ ‫לל ֵו ֵי ֵכ ִ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫[ ֵה את משפט קורח ואשר‬

‫]‬ ‫גלה אוזנכה‬ ‫[ ֵהקו‪ֵ [ ]°‬ו ֵג ‪ִ °°‬ק ִכ ֵה] כל ר[וש אבות]יכ[ ֵה ‪ֵ [ ]°‬ד‬ ‫]ברז נהיה‬ ‫ונשיא עמכה‬ ‫בידוִִ‬ ‫כל] מעש[ה ִ‬ ‫הו[ ִא פלג ]נ[ ִחלת כל מושלים ויצר ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫והוא פעולת‬ ‫]מעשיהמה ידע וישפו[ ִט כולם באמת יפקוד לאבות ובנים] לגרי[ ִם עם כל‬ ‫אזרחים ידבר‬ ‫תבואתכה בעתה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אם אתה א[ ֵיֵש אדמה פקוד מועדי הקיץ ואסוף‬ ‫]‬ ‫ותקופת‬ ‫השכ]ל בדעת ה[ ֵטוב עם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ובע ֵב ֵו ֵֵדתכה‬ ‫]הקציר למועדו ה[ ֵת ִבונן בכל תבואתכה ֵ‬ ‫הרע‬ ‫[שים‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫א[ ֵיֵש שכל את בעל אולת ֵה]‬ ‫]‬ ‫איש‬ ‫כן ֵ‬ ‫בר[ ֵוֵב‬ ‫[ק יאמר]‬ ‫[‪°‬ו כול ה]‬ ‫]שכל‬ ‫שכלו ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫בט ֵל‪]°‬‬ ‫י[ ֵהיה בכל ]דר[ ֵכו אשר ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫ללא ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫ואף]‬ ‫בכ ִמה ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵע ֵ‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‬

4Q423

193

Frg. 3a 2. 3.

] and in [yo]ur mercy[ ] with the fruit of his womb [

Frg. 4 (lines 01–04 = 1Q26 1 5–8) 01. 02. 03. 04. 1. 2. 3a. 3.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

in the mystery that is to come ] ] your crops ] when He opened your ear to the mystery that is to come ] to you. Tak]e care[ lest ] she honour you more than Him and[ and you be cursed in a]ll [your] crops [and put] to shame in all your deeds, in ] your lawsuit. And by ]His[ power] He commissioned[ judgement

[and your inheritance among the sons of Adam’ prese[nce of all , and all

and said to him ‘I am your portion]

I will magnify ]you in the

Frg. 5 1a. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[

]and take care lest you give back to Levi the prie[st]

[ ] the judgement of Korah. And as He opened your ear [to the mystery that is to come ] your [ every he]ad of [your] fathers [ ] and leader of your people [ H]e divided the [p]ortion of all rulers and fashioned every [dee]d by His hand, and the wages of [their deeds He knew. He will judg]e all of them in truth and visit upon fathers and sons,[ upon proselyte]s together with every native born, He will speak [ If you are a f]armer, observe the appointed times of the summer, gather your crops in their time, and the season [of harvest in its appointed time. Medi[tate on all your crops; in your labour give attentio[n to the knowledge of] good and evil, [ the m]an of understanding with the man of folly, [ ] Thus, a man of [understanding ] every[ ] he will say[ in the abun]dance of his knowledge [ ] [ he w]ill be in all his [wa]y, which [ ]without [ ] [ ] among you and even[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪194‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 5a (formerly 26‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫אתה]‬ ‫אם א[ ִיִש אדמה ֵ‬ ‫[שה ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫[ֵם]‬ ‫[ ֵא לא נתן ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[לבכמה ומה אפוא ִכ ֵו]ל‬ ‫לכל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִשופט צדק אל‬ ‫[ ִו הון וצ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫[ ֵכ ִי‬ ‫רתכ ֵה‬ ‫[ ֵע ִב ִ‬ ‫וכ ִרחמי אב‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵל ִכ]ל מע[שיו ורחמיו‬ ‫[ֵה] ל[ ֵבלתי‬ ‫[ צוכה ]‬ ‫[ביום אחד ]ה[לוא גלה‬ ‫בבכמה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִל]ה[ב ִי ֵן ִל‬ ‫[ֵל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]אוזנכה ברז נהיה‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q418 81 1–5 (underline; line 01 = 4Q418 81 1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫שפתיכה פתח מקור לברך קודשים ואתה במקור עולם‬

‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫הלל‬ ‫]הבדילכה מכול רוח בשר ואתה הבדל מכול אשר שנא והנזר מכול תעבו[ת‬ ‫נפש‬ ‫]כיא הוא עשה כול ויורישם איש נחלתו והוא חלקכה ונחלתכה בתוך [בני‬ ‫אדם ובנחלתו‬ ‫המשילכה ואתה בזה כבדהו בהתקדשכה לו כאשר שמכה לק[דש קודשים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫לכל‬ ‫כ‬ ‫] ֵתבל ובכ ֵו ִ‬ ‫ֵל א ִלים הפיל גורלכה וכבודכה הרבה מואדה [ ֵוֵישימכה לו כבור‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q418 188 1–8 (underline; lines 01–04 = 4Q418 1–4‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪04‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪ֵ °‬ק‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵמ ֵוֵת הוד‬ ‫בוִארה למנוחתו[‬ ‫ב ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫הש‬ ‫ים ֵ‬ ‫אבו[ ִת כי נחמד הוא‬ ‫מע ֵשי ברי[ֵת ִולא ידורשוהו‬ ‫ֵפ ֵן ישוגו ב[ ֵדרכי קודש‬ ‫אתה ו[ ֵב ִנִ ִי ִֵכה‬

4Q423

195

Frg. 5a 2.

If] you are [a f]armer[

Frg. 6 2. 3. 4. 5.

] He did not give vacat ]your heart. And what indeed is all[ ]God is a righteous judge for every[ ] riches [

Frg. 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

[ ]for [ ]your anger [ ]and like a Father’s mercy [ ] a[ll ]His de[ed]s and His mercy [ ] He commanded you [ n]ot to [ ]in one day. Did He not open [your ear to the mystery that is to come

]to make your heart [un]derstand

Frg. 8 (line 01 = 4Q418 81 1) 01. 1. 2. 3. 4.

[For He opened your lips as a fountain to bless the holy ones. And you, as an eternal fountain, praise ] [He separated you from all the spirit of flesh. (Therefore) separate from everyone He hates and keep apart from all abominatio]ns of the spirit. [For He made everyone and bequeathed to them each his inheritance, and that is your portion and your inheritance among ]the sons of Adam. In His inheritance [He gave you authority. And you, honour Him in this: in consecrating yourself to Him. As He set you to san]ctify the holy ones over all the [earth, and among all the godly ones He cast your lot and greatly increased your glory, ]and set you as His firstborn

Frg. 9 (lines 01–04 = 4Q418 1–4) 02. 03. 04. 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [

of splendour ] when you come into His rest] ] the [ ] of the father]s, for it is desirable works of the covenan]t, and they did not seek Him lest they go astray on the] ways of holiness you and ]your sons

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫בכ]ל‬ ‫[ ידיכה ִ‬ ‫כצ]‬ ‫[מו ִ‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫מש]ה‬ ‫כאשר צו[ ֵה ביד ִ‬ ‫[ ִל‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫חסור]‬ ‫[ ֵחוק‪ֵ [ ]°°‬מ ִ‬ ‫נ[חלתו ואחר תשלח ]ידכה‬ ‫[‪ °‬בימ]י [ֵת]בוא[ ֵת ֵכ ִה ִה]‬ ‫ית]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫תר ֵב ֵה]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫עוב]‬ ‫[‪°‬כה ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵכי למא‪ִ° °‬ק]‬ ‫האדם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נתן א[ל ביד‬ ‫וכ ֵא]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 15‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ִ °°‬ל]‬ ‫ו‬ ‫[הלקח ֵי]ם‬ ‫[רי א ֵו]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬ש]‬ ‫מש]‬ ‫[‪ °‬כל ֵ‬ ‫ֵמ ֵש]‬ ‫ב[היותם ֵו ִ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֵף ֵב]לו[ֵא]‬ ‫[ ֵט ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ ִאד‪°‬‬ ‫רוב ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ר ִו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֵק]‬ ‫[ ִל ֵר ֵי ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 19‬‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִלשר]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫שמים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִה‬ ‫[ ֵם לפי ]‬

‫[מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִש אל‪]°‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 21 (formerly 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֵב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵפתה אתה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ל]‬

4Q423

197

Frg. 10 1.

] your hands in a[ll

Frg. 11 2.

as He command]ed through Mos[es

Frg. 12 1. 2. 3.

] statutes, [ ]a lack[ ]his [in]heritance, and afterwards you will stretch out [your hand ] in the da[y]s of your h[arv]esting [

Frg. 13 1. 2. 3. 4.

]you will multiply[ ]your [ ] [ ]because [ ]did Go[d give] in the power of mankind[

Frg. 15 1. 2. 3.

] [ ] all [ in ]their being, and [

Frg. 17 2.

]in vain[

Frg. 21 1.

] you did [

Frg. 14 2.

]those who tak[e

Frg. 16 1. 2.

] wi[tho]ut[ ] multitude [

Frg. 20 1. 2.

] heaven[ ] according to[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 23 (formerly 24‬‬

‫)‪Frg. 22 (formerly 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ואת]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[ ֵערמה והו ֵן]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪198‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫איש]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ה ֵ‬ ‫בהת]‬ ‫[ ִהו ִ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵלכ ֵו]ל‬ ‫[ֵל]‬ ‫)‪Frg. 24 (formerly 25‬‬

‫[ן ִאת]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬א] [ ֵתו ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Book of Mysteries‬‬ ‫‪1Q27 (1QMysteries) ed. J. T. Milik, DJD I‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[כול ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫א[ ֵמ ִת ‪°°°‬רזי פשע‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם ֵל‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵא ִכ] [‪ °°‬ולוא ידעו רז נהיה ובקדמוניות לוא התבוננו ולוא‬ ‫]‬ ‫ידעו מה אשר יבוא עליהמה ונפשמה לוא מלטו מרז נהיה‬ ‫כי יהיה‬ ‫ֵוֵזה לכם האות בהסגר מולדי עולה וגלה הרשע מפני הצדק כגלות ]ח[ ִוִשך‬ ‫מפני >מפנו ‪
‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫ו‪]°°‬‬ ‫מנכ ‪]°‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לו שוו חשב ֵו ֵנֵו]ת‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬נִ וִִ מה הוא היותר ֵל]‬

1Q27 Frg. 22

Frg. 23 1. 2. 3.

199

1. 2.

] a man[ ] in [ ]to al[l

]and the[ ]shrewdness and riches[

Book of Mysteries 1Q27 (1QMysteries) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook with N. Gordon Frg. 1 Col. i 1. [ ]all[ ] 2. [ ]truth[ ] secrets of sin 3. [ ] but they did not know the secret of the way things are nor did they understand the things of old and they did not 4. know what would come upon them, so they did not rescue themselves by means of the secret of the way things are. 5. This shall be the sign

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

that this shall come to pass

: when the times of evil are shut up and

wickedness is banished in the presence of righteousness, as darkness in the presence of light, or as smoke vanishes and i[s no] more, in the same way wickedness will vanish forever and righteousness will be manifest like the sun. The world will be made firm and all the adherents of the secrets of wonder shall be no more. True knowledge shall fill the world and there will never be any mo[re] folly. This is all ready to happen, it is a true oracle, and by this it shall be known to you that it cannot be averted It is true that all the peoples reject evil, yet it advances in all of the[m]. It is true that truth is esteemed in the utterances of all the nations— yet is there any tongue or language that grasps it? What nation wants to be oppressed by another that is stronger? Or who wants his money to be stolen by a wicked man? Yet what nation is there that has not oppressed its neighbour? Where is the people that has not robbed the weal[th] of [another ] and the exits [ ]

Frg. 1 Col. ii 2. 3.

[ [

] they have balanced accounts [ ] what is the advantage [ ]

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫כי אם המטיב והמרע אם ִיוִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫לוא יצלח לכול כן כול טוב ממונ ִו בר ִו]‬ ‫בלוא הון ונמכר בלוא מחיר כי ‪°‬ת‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִמחים כי אם כול ]‬ ‫מה מ]‬ ‫וכ]ול מח[יר לוא ישוה ב‪]°‬‬ ‫דמי ֵ‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫לכול העמים ונס‪]°‬‬ ‫אל ידע כול ֵמ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ל]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵא ֵל גלה לב]‬ ‫[לקץ כול די‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵל ֵמ ֵה ]‬ ‫מכ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[רע ֵ‬ ‫ֵם ]‬ ‫לכוה ֵנ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ות לו‬ ‫[אשר כול ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ‪] °°°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵעוז שבת ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ת ]‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°°[ ]°°‬ה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ורה ע‪]°‬‬ ‫מת ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ה ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫[‪°°°°°‬ות]‬ ‫יה ֵמ ֵה ]י[כפר על שגג‪°°°°‬ל ]‬ ‫[ ֵש ִ‬ ‫[ ֵעד עולם לפניו לכפר ה]‬ ‫[ ֵיֵמים י‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫מרת]‬ ‫[‪ִ °°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬אש ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ה ]‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 9–10‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫יום]‬ ‫ֵה ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ [ ]°°°°‬כם מה הוא ב‪]°‬‬ ‫כי אם ‪]°‬‬ ‫שמעו מלכי עמ]ים [ ֵרבו בו וכמוה]‬ ‫ֵעם כול שפטי] [‪[ ]°°°°‬ל הוא ובר]‬ ‫] [‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫] [ ֵהו ‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ם‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

1Q27 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

except for the one who does good and the one who does evil. If [ ] he will not prosper in anything. So all the benefit of his money [ ] without money, and it is bought without price, for [ ] what [ re]joice, except all [ ] cost, and a[ny pri]ce will not be enough for [ ] vacat [ ] for all the Gentiles and [ ] God knows all [ ]

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3.

[ [ [

Frg. 2 ]most evil of them all[ ] ] to him to the priests [ ] ]which all [ ]

Frg. 5

1. 2.

[

] from the Law [

Frg. 7 2.

[

[ [

]God revealed to[ ]heart[ ]at the time of all [ ]

[

]strength ceased[

]

]

Frg. 6 ] fire [

]

2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]their [ he will] atone error [ ]forever in his presence to atone [ ]days [ ]

Frgs. 9–10 1. 2. 3. 4.

]

Frg. 4 1.

2.

201

today[ ] except[ ] what it is [ ] listen, kings of the peo[ples ]they strove with him, and like [ with every judgement[ ] he and [ ]

]

] ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪202‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪°°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵהיש ערכ‪]°‬‬ ‫ל]כו[ל ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫[מביא ]ל[מתים ות‪]°‬‬ ‫וחקר]י‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִם רזי תהום‬ ‫[‪ °‬ליל]ה‬

‫‪4Q299 (4QMysteriesa) ed. L. Schiffman, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִם שנאו עול‬ ‫[ ִהאמת היש שפה ולשן‬ ‫גזל‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִי גוי אשר לוא ִ‬ ‫נשט ֵר ִה ‪°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבית מולדים ֵ‬ ‫[אנשי מחשבת לכול‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ם ִנבחנה דברים‬ ‫[ ִל] תו[ ֵצאותם‬ ‫ולכ]ול[‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 1Q27 1 ii 5–7 (underline; lines 01–03, 5–8 = 1Q27 1 ii‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[לו שוו חשבונו]ת‬ ‫ו‪]°°‬‬ ‫[מנכ‪ִ °[ ]°‬נִ ִוִ מה הוא היותר ִל ]‬ ‫[כי אם המטיב והמרע אם יוִִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫יצ ֵל ֵח] לכול כן כול טוב ממונ ִו בר ִו‬ ‫[ ִלא ִ‬ ‫ו[יגל בלוא ה]ון ונמכר בלוא מחיר כי ‪°‬ת‬ ‫יש[ ֵוֵה בה ֵ‬ ‫מה] מ ִמחים כי אם כול‬ ‫[‪] °°°°‬‬ ‫[דמי וכו]ל מח[יר לוא ישוה ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[לכול העמים ונס‪]°‬‬ ‫[אל ידע כול ִמ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ל]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 3a Col. i‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[הוא‬ ‫[ ִמה‬

4Q299

203

Frg. 12 2. 3.

Is there value[ for[ al]l [ ]

]

Frg. 13 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [

]brings [for] the dead and [ ] ]secrets of the deep and investigation[s ] nigh[t ]

]

4Q299 (4QMysteriesa) trans. L. Schiffman Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

] hate iniquity? ] truthful [report]. Is there a language or a tongue ] What nation (is there) which has not stolen ] time of birth ] men of (evil) devices for all ] it has been tested, the words ] according to [that which re]sults from them ] and for a[ll]

Frg. 2 (lines 01–03, 5–8 = 1Q27 1 ii) 01. 02. 03. 1. 2. 3. 4. (5). (6). (7).

[ ] And [ ] they set up (?) the calculation[s ] [ ] what advantage is there to [ ] [ ] except one who does good and one who does evil, if [ ] [ ] he will not succeed [in anything; thus, all good is his wealth (?) ] [ and ]he will be exiled without pro[perty (i.e. payment) and sold without a price, because it ] [ will be wo]rth it. How [ except every ] [ ] [ ] [ ]amount and it will not be worth any price [ [ ]for all the nations and [ [ ]God knew every [

Frg. 3a Col. i 4. 5.

[ ]he [ ]what (?)

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪204‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3a ii–b‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q300 5 (underline; lines 01–02 = 4Q300 5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫שב ִת ֵב ֵי]נה‬ ‫ִמ ֵח ֵ‬ ‫מ[ ֵשפט בגלל הון]‬ ‫[‪ °‬הא‪] °‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[הו ומעש]יו‬ ‫מה נקרא ֵה]‬ ‫לאד]ם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הטמ]אה ומה [ ִנִ קרא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵק‬ ‫וכול מעשה ֵצ ֵד ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵה ִוִ ל ֵו]א‬ ‫לאיש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫חכם וצדיק כי לוא‬ ‫ומ]חשבת בליעל[‬ ‫אם חוכמת עורמת רוע ִ‬ ‫מעשה אשר לוא יעשה ִע ִוִד ִכ ִיִא ִאם ]‬ ‫ִדבר עושו ומה )ו(הוא אשר יעשה ג]בר‬ ‫כול]‬ ‫ִהמרה את דבר עושו ימחה שמו מפי ִ‬ ‫{ שמעו תומכי ‪]°‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫ומ ִח]שבות‬ ‫עולם ומזמות כול מעשה ִ‬ ‫כול] הנהיות[‬ ‫ֵמ ִכין כול מחשבת עושה ִ‬ ‫כול רז ֵו ִ‬ ‫ול ֵע]ולם‬ ‫ה ֵו]אה מק[ ִדם עולם הואה שמו ִ‬ ‫לפ]ניהם‬ ‫[ ִל ]מ[חשבת בית מולדים פתח ֵ‬ ‫ִוִתש]‬ ‫] [‪ִ °‬ש ִבו כי לבנו בחן וינחילנו]‬ ‫] [ ֵכ ֵוֵל רז וחבלי כול מעשה ומה ]‬ ‫ומעש]יהמה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ומה [ ֵעמים ֵכ]י[ ֵבראם‬ ‫]‬

‫אביון[‬ ‫ה חכמה נכחדת כי[‬

‫‪Frg. 3c‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q300 1a ii–b (underline; lines 01–03 = 4Q300 1a ii–b‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪02‬‬

‫‪03‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫] [ִת‪ ]°‬החר[טמים מלמדי פשע אמרו ִהמשל והגידו ִהחידה בטרם נדבר‬ ‫הבטתם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ואז תדעו אם‬ ‫וברזִ י עד לא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִכסלכמה כי חתום מכם] ח[ ֵתם החזון‬ ‫שמ]ים‬ ‫ותעודות ִה ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הבטתם ובבינה לא השכלתם‬ ‫[כי לא הבטתם בשורש‬ ‫וִהמ ֵי]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה ִ ֵ‬ ‫ִא]ז [ ִתאמרו ל]‬ ‫חוכמה ואם תפתחו החזון‬ ‫[יה‪°°°°‬ם‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[תסתם ֵמכם‬ ‫[‪ °‬שמעו כי מה‬ ‫כל חוכמתכם כי לכם המשל‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°°‬א שמה‬ ‫]היא חכמה נכחדת‬ ‫[ ִשו ‪ֵ °°‬רזי עד‬ ‫עוד לא תהיה‬ ‫]‬ ‫חזון‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬מעשו ִיִהו]‬

4Q299

205

Frg. 3a ii–b (lines 01–02 = 4Q300 5) 01. 02. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

] a thought of discern[ment ju]dgement because of property[ ] [poor] What shall we call the[ ] his [ ] and [his?] deeds [ ] and every action of the righteous is imp[ure. And what] shall we call a per[son ] wise and righteous, for it is not to a person[ ] and no[t hidden wisdom, ex∬] cept the wisdom of evil cunning and the de[vices of Belial.] A deed which should not be done again, except[ the command of his Creator. But what is it which a m[an] shall do[ violated the command of his Creator, his name shall be erased from the mouth of every [ [ ] Listen O you who hold fast [ eternity, and the schemes of every creature. And the de[vices every mystery and preordains every plan. He causes everything [which comes into being.] H[e is from bef]ore eternity; the Lord is His name, and for e[ternity [ ] [p]lan of the time of birth He opened be[fore them [ ] for He tested our heart, and He caused us to inherit [ [ ] every mystery and the tribulations of every creature. And how [ [ and what are ] the peoples th[at] He created them, and [their] deed[s

Frg. 3c (lines 01–03 = 4Q300 1a ii–b) 01. 02.

03. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ mag]icians, who teach transgression, utter the parable and relate the riddle before it is discussed. And then you will know whether you have considered and the testimonies (?) of hea[ven ] your foolishness, for the [se]al of the vision is sealed from you. [Se]aled is the vision. And you did not look at the eternal secrets, and you did not contemplate with understanding. Th[en] you shall say [ ] for you did not look at the root of wisdom. And if you should open the vision, [ ] [ ] it will be kept secret from you [ all your wisdom, for yours is the parable ] listen for what [ is hidden wisdom(?) ] there [ still you will not be ] eternal secrets [ vision] His deeds [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪206‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫לב[לתי המ ֵו]‬ ‫בת]‬ ‫[‪°‬מו ִ‬ ‫וכמה ֵו ל]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵר ִץ‬ ‫ריש]ונות‬ ‫י[ ֵדע ונספר ֵו ֵ‬ ‫לם]‬ ‫לש ֵ‬ ‫[אינה ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫שמ]ו‬ ‫]מאור[ ִות כוכבים ֵל ֵז]כר[ ֵוֵן ֵ‬ ‫חוש]ך‬ ‫גב[ ֵוֵרות רזי אור ודרכי ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵב ִדין מועדי ִחום ִעם ֵק ֵצ]י‬ ‫[ ל]‬ ‫לילה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מבוא יום [ומוצא‬ ‫מולדים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ובית‬ ‫‪Frg. 6 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

‫[מים‬ ‫[מרותם‬ ‫עבודתם יחזקו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ם‬ ‫]ברק[ ִיִם עשה לנצח גשמים‬ ‫מי[ ִם ִוִ ִבמשורה ישקו‬ ‫מר להם ויתנו‬ ‫[ ֵי ִֵא ִ‬ ‫[ בגברתו ברא‬ ‫[ִא] [‪°‬ל ]ה[ ִריה כול‬ ‫ה‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬כל צאצאי‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵטברו פרש‬ ‫[‪ִ °°°‬דם עת בעת‬ ‫[ ִו להרות לכול‬ ‫[ ִכ ִי מעפר מבניתם‬ ‫מקוִ יהם וחדר‬ ‫[‪°‬כול ִ‬ ‫נתן ממשל לחזק‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ת כול גבורה‬ ‫ֵמ ֵחזק כול‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ע ִב ֵוֵדת גבר‬ ‫עב[ ֵו ֵֵד ִתוִִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 6 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ל[ ִוִא ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ועליכם החי ‪]°‬‬ ‫אוילי כסה ‪]°‬‬ ‫תומכ]י‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫נסתרה מכול‬ ‫ֵש]‬ ‫מה אב לבנים מא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫כיא אם ארץ להדר ‪]°‬‬ ‫ממנו כי אם רוח ‪ֵ°‬ע]‬

4Q299 Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

so as] not to [ ] [ ]land, and like it [ k]new, and the fir[st things] were related (?) [ ] is not to pay (?)[

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[light]s of the stars for the re[membr]ance of [His] name[ migh]ty mysteries of light and the ways of dark[ness ] seasons of warmth as well as period[s of the coming in of day] and the going out of night[ ]and the times of birth of the creatures[

Frg. 6 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

]water (?) ]their (?)[ ] their task. They will strengthen [lightning bolt]s He made for eternal rain wat]er, and according to measure they shall drink. ]He will say to them, and they will give ] in His might He created ]its [moun]tains, all ] all its descendants ]it spread out from its omphalos (?) ] for each and every time ] to water all ] for they are constructed of dust ] all their hopes (?) and the chamber (?) ] He gave dominion to the strong ]s of all might ] He held fast to all ] the work of a man ]his [wo]rk

Frg. 6 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

n]ot [ and upon you, the live (?)[ the fools of [ hidden from all who hold fast [to Why is a father (better) for children than (another) man[ except land to beautify (?) [ from it, except the spirit of [

207

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪208‬‬

‫אשר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫היא‬ ‫עמים ֵמ ִ‬ ‫אשר אין ל‪]°°‬‬ ‫חוש]ך[ ֵוֵא]ור‬ ‫כן יהיה ֵכ]‬ ‫לב רעוִִ ִו ִִא ִו ִִר ִב מ‪]°‬‬ ‫נואל הון הון ‪]°‬‬ ‫מאיש ִ‬ ‫לפי ִתבא ִוִת ומה ִב‪]°‬‬ ‫ִמ ִוִ דה או תכלית ֵי]‬ ‫יש]בע‬ ‫תכון אחד ולוא ִ‬ ‫ִמשפט כן ירד המ]‬ ‫דש יוסיף ל]‬ ‫ואם ִ‬ ‫הוא י‪[ ]°‬ל] [ִמ]‬ ‫‪°°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫)‪Parallels: 4Q300 6 4–5 (underline‬‬ ‫)‪4Q300 7 2 (overbar‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ ֵהוא ֵא]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[קרוב ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ממעש]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]מה הוא רחו[ ִק לאיש‬ ‫ֵל א ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ִמ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ֵש והוא ֵר ֵחוק מ‪]°‬‬ ‫־־־־־־־־־־־־‬ ‫־־־־־‬ ‫פט‬ ‫טר ]לנ[ֵק]ו[ם בלוא ֵמ ֵש]‬ ‫מנוִ ִ‬ ‫לנגדו־ ִ‬ ‫ועשה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אש]ר מ[ ֵעל‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫־־־־־־־־־־‬

‫ואין לענה[‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ ֵהוא הכין ע]‬ ‫שכלם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬פלג‬ ‫[ ֵן הוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[בה מ]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬ומה יתבונן ִגִ ֵב]ר[ בלוא ִי ִִד ֵע ולוא שמע ]‬ ‫ונש]מעה‬ ‫לב ֵנ]ו[ ברוב שכל גלה אוזננו ֵ‬ ‫ה[ ֵבינה יצר ֵ‬ ‫ֵצר בינה ֵל ֵכ ֵוֵל רודפי דעת ִו ִה‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ִשנה]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵוֵל שכל מעולם הוא לוא ִי ִ‬ ‫ה[ ִסגיר בעד ִעד מים ֵלבל]תי‬ ‫[ ֵשמים ממעל לשמים ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ִם הא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬שרים לי זרח ֵא]ר[ ֵץ ֵל ִמ]‬ ‫לא]‬ ‫נכב ִד והדר מלכותו ֵמ ֵ‬ ‫מ[לך ִ‬ ‫צב]א‬ ‫[א עם כול ֵ‬ ‫[ ִארך א]פים‬

4Q299 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

peoples. What is it that [ which has not [ dar[kness] and li[ght thus may it be like [ the heart of his neighbour, and he ambushes from a foolish man property, property [ according to the crops. And how [ its abundance, or the end of [ one measure and it will not be s[ated judgement, thus may the[ ]go down [ and if he threshed, he shall add to [ he [

209

[

Frg. 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ]he [ [ ]close [ [What is furth]er from a person than an ac[t of to a(nother) person and he is far from [ and there is no (greater) poison] before him than the one who bears a grudge [to a]ve[n]ge unju[stly wh[o tr]espassed and did [

Frg. 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

] he prepared [ ] a portion of their knowledge [ ] he [ ] [ ] And how can a ma[n] understand who did not know and did not hear [ the ]discernment, the inclination of our heart. With great intelligence He opened our ear, so that we would h[ear ] the inclination of understanding for all who pursue knowledge, and the [ ] all intelligence is from eternity; it will not be changed[ He] shut (them) up before (the) waters so as no[t to ] heaven above heaven [

Frg. 9 2. 3. 4. 5.

] princes to Me, the shining of the la[n]d to [ the K]ing Who is honoured, and the majesty of His kingdom fills[ ] with all the ho[st ]long su[ffering

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ ִמ ֵל ִך ]‬ ‫וגב]ו[ ֵר ֵי חיל יחזק ִו מ]עמד‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫ִשר ֵא]ל‬ ‫ר[ ִם על כול גואים ִי ִ‬ ‫ולחשוב]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬וליצ ִוִר‬ ‫לא]ומים‬ ‫[ושופטים לכול ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬על כול מספרם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל] [‪ִ °‬וִשופטים בין אבי ֵו]ן‬ ‫עבודת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵאתם לתכן כול‬ ‫ֵתם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[כול ממ]ש[ל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ִמם]‬ ‫[‪ °°‬י ִו ִ‬ ‫ומחש]בותם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ִמ ִו‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[אה ‪ִ°‬ע‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°° °°‬‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬א כול מ ֵן]‬ ‫[‪ °°°‬ול‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 13a–b‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[חול בין ִה ֵט‪]°‬‬ ‫[המשיל אתכם] י[ ִשראל ואתכם]‬ ‫בה]‬ ‫ה[לכו ֵ‬ ‫[ם ‪] °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫מלקוש ֵל‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫ובסוד ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ל ֵיֵה‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 15‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫ֵא ִיִגע]‬ ‫[ל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫‪ִ vacat‬יִחזק ‪ִ °°‬ל‪]°‬‬

‫ֵק]ות [ ֵל ֵכ ֵו]ל‬ ‫ח[ ֵז ֵ‬ ‫לשמע ‪°°‬ם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵי ִֵתם‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q299

211

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

]king [ ]and mi[gh]ty warriors shall take (their) st[and ex]alted over all the nations. Israe[l ] and to fashion and to think [ ] and judges for all the na[tions ] according to all their numbers [ ] and they judge between a poor ma[n ] for the measure of all work of [ ] all of their do[mi]nion [ ] by day[ ] and their th[oughts

Frg. 12 2. 3.

] everything, from[ ] and to (?)[

Frg. 13a–b 1. 2. 3.

] between [ ]he made you rule (or: ]he likened you) [ I]srael, and you [ ] walked in it[

Frg. 14 2. 3.

]latter rain for [ ] and in the counsel of [

Frg. 15 2. 3.

] he shall not touch[ st]ron[g] for al[l ]vacat He will strengthen [ ] to hear

[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪212‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 16‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫[עשה ‪]°‬‬ ‫רוחכם]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִע ֵשה]‬ ‫[מחוכמה‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 17 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫פשע]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵיֵשלים‬ ‫וביום]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵבו‬ ‫[ ֵאהב] [מהטות]‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִהמשל ]‬ ‫[ ‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 19‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 20‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫אם]‬ ‫תכ ִונִם כיא ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵח ֵו ִֵק ִ‬ ‫[ ִמשקל לתכון ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫יח ִד ר ֵוֵבם אם]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°°‬ם] [ ֵנֵן ֵב]‬ ‫[ גליהם ביד ‪]°‬‬ ‫וכ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬לוא כול כוח ֵ‬ ‫וִא ִוִ צר כול]‬ ‫[ִ ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵמפי]‬ ‫[ למחי‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬י מ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ הוא ֵא]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵו ֵֵדה מ ֵנ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬נפש]‬ ‫אר ֵכ ֵה]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 25‬‬

‫‪Frg. 24‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[היאה ֵמ]‬ ‫א[שר ה]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫תפ]‬ ‫[ ִם ֵ‬ ‫[א לוא]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬י רש]‬

4Q299

213

Frg. 16 1. 2.

] he did (or made) [ ]your spirit[

Frg. 17 Col. i 1. 2.

]he did (or made)[ ]from (or because of) wisdom

Frg. 18 1. 2. 3.

] he shall complete (or requite?) (the) transgression [ ] in it, and on the day [ ] I shall [ ] from inclining [

Frg. 19 1.

]the parable (or ruling) [

Frg. 20 1. 2. 3.

]the allotment of their measure, except[ ]the weight, according to the measure of ]together, most of them if[

[

Frg. 21 2. 3. 4.

] their heaps in the hand of [ ] not every power and [ ]and the one who stores up everything [

Frg. 23

Frg. 22 1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

] he [ ]abundance [ ] person [ ] its length[

Frg. 25

3.

]from the mouth of[

] not[

Frg. 24 2. 3.

]it is [ wh]ich (?) the[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫מו[של ‪]°‬‬ ‫נספרה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִוִ‬ ‫לוא]‬ ‫[‪°°‬ת ֵ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ ִצ]‬

‫‪214‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 27‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ִוִא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ה על מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬מה מ]‬ ‫[אבן מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 28‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵא הילודים]‬ ‫ילוִ ֵד]‬ ‫[ ֵתמהו כן ִ‬ ‫[ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 29‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬מ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵיֵם ל‪]°°° °‬‬ ‫[ ֵכל ֵח ֵי ובמדה]‬ ‫ִֵש ִב ִיִע ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[יִֵ ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 30‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵא ִב ֵשלמ ֵו]‬ ‫בח ֵוֵשך מ‪]°‬‬ ‫ח[ ִוִשך ֵ‬ ‫מוסר לוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ֵה ֵ‬ ‫וסיף]‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬ה ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 31‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬ן ֵי‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵבכול ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬עוד ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[בידך ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 32‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] °°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬שלו מה הוא המצ ֵו]ה‬ ‫ותולדות המ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫מ[חזיק‬ ‫שקל]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִ‬ ‫[ִא‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 33‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫י[ ֵצרו ובמח‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬שוי ואם ינשא]‬ ‫[מה גבורה בלוא]‬

4Q299 Frg. 27 2. 3. 4.

] on [ ] what [ ]stone [

215

Frg. 26 1. 2. 3.

Frg. 28 1. 2.

] those who are born[ ]they were astonished, thus one who is born[

Frg. 29

3. 4.

]every living thing, and in a measure[ ]he will swear [

Frg. 30 2. 3. 4. 5.

] when he completes[ da]rkness in darkness [ ]the teaching (he) did not [ ] he added[

Frg. 31 2. 3. 4.

]in all [ ] still [ ]in your hand [

Frg. 32 2. 3. 4.

] what is the command[ment (?) he h]olds fast, and the generations of the [ ] weight[

Frg. 33 2. 3. 4.

]his [in]clination and [ ] and if he will bear[ ]what is might without[

ru]les [ ]and let us recount[ ] not[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪216‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 34‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪°°‬מה יכון נ‪]°‬‬ ‫יהפכ]ו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ת ֵו ואם‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מ ֵב ֵי ִן ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 35‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫א[ל הדעות]‬ ‫[ ִביד מלאכ]י‬ ‫‪Frg. 36‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[לכל ִכ‪]°‬‬ ‫ה[ ִוִ א יהיה]‬ ‫[‪]° °°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪] °‬‬ ‫שה ה]‬ ‫מע ִ‬ ‫[ ֵכול ִ‬ ‫פתח בפ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ °‬לפני ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[בה אוש‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 39‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫יש]ראל‬ ‫[ ִב ִנִ י ֵ‬ ‫[לתכונם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ד ‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 40‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫מע]‬ ‫[ ִוִ ֵ‬ ‫[רם]‬

‫‪Frg. 41‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°‬צו]‬ ‫[יאה]‬

‫‪Frg. 42‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵבה ִמ]‬ ‫אם]‬ ‫[‪°‬ד כי ֵ‬ ‫[ ִליהא לוא]‬ ‫[‪ °‬החכמה]‬

‫‪Frg. 43‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵם]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ש ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ ִתומכי ר]זי‬ ‫התב]וננו‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵם תו]‬

‫‪Frg. 44‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[לי ִו ִִמ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬מעש]י‬ ‫[ועתה]‬

‫‪Frg. 45‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫לבם]‬ ‫[ה ֵ‬ ‫[אמרו ‪]°‬‬ ‫ג[בורה ]‬

‫‪Frg. 46‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫[ ֵא בוננ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵהוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 47‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ִש ֵפ]‬ ‫ולברכ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵלב]‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬

4Q299

217

Frg. 34 1. 2. 3.

] he will establish [ ] his [ ,] and if [they] will turn[ ] one who understands [

Frg. 35 1. 2.

G]od of knowledge[ ]in the hand of the messenger[s of

Frg. 37 2. 3.

]every deed of the[ ]He opened [

Frg. 39 1. 2.

]the children of Is[rael ]according to their measure [

Frg. 43 2. 3.

]those who hold fast to the sec[rets of ] inve[stigate

Frg. 45 1. 2. 3.

] their heart [ ]they said [ m]ight [

Frg. 36 1. 2.

]to all [ h]e will be[

Frg. 38 1.

] before [

Frg. 42 2. 3. 4.

] except[ ] not[ ] the wisdom[

Frg. 44 2. 3.

] creature[s of ]And now[

Frg. 46 2. 3.

] investigate [ ]he [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 48‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫עוִ ֵב]רי‬ ‫כו[ ֵל ִ‬ ‫ֵו ב‬ ‫[כול מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵי ִֵם]‬

‫‪Frg. 49‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵיֵמ ִי א‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 50‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ֵא]‬ ‫הד]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬

‫‪218‬‬

‫‪Frg. 51‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫מלאכ]י‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 52‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫איש נ ֵו‪]°‬‬ ‫בכור]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 53‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ות]‬ ‫[ ֵת ִו ֵע ִב ֵ‬ ‫קודשוִ ‪]°°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵב‬ ‫[ה בכם ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫למוִ ע]ד‬ ‫[‪°‬ד ואין שם ִ‬ ‫[ ִמשפט כיא צד ִי ִֵק]‬ ‫וחזק]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫וִרתו‬ ‫ג[ ֵב ִ ֵ‬ ‫נק ִם]‬ ‫[ לאל לנקום ִ‬ ‫[ וריב על חזק ע]‬ ‫א[ל ובשמים מדור]ו‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ם ‪]vacat‬‬ ‫[יכם אשמ ִי ִֵע]‬ ‫[ ֵבוִִ עם מלך]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 54‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ִ °°‬ת מ]‬ ‫[ ֵם עשוק וגזול ב‪]°°°‬‬ ‫סד]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬הו כיא אהבת ֵח ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬בכ ִול ‪ °°°‬ל‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°° °° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 55‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ קודש ‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫המשפ[ ִטים הצדיק ִי ִֵם]‬ ‫[‪°‬הנו כיא המ]‬ ‫בחר ִוִ ֵב ֵה‪ֵ °‬א]‬ ‫[ ֵאשר ֵ‬

4Q299

219

Frg. 48 1. 2.

Frg. 51 1.

]messenger[s of

Frg. 52

3. 4.

man [ in the furnace[

Frg. 53 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

]abominations[ ]in His holiness [ ] among you [ ] and there is no name for the peri[od ]judgement for [He is] righteous[ ]His [m]ight and the power[ of ] to God to exact vengeance[ ] and a dispute against the strong [ G]od, and in the heavens is [His] dwelling[ ] vacat[ ]your [ ] I will announce[ ]him (?) with the king[

Frg. 54 2. 3. 4.

] persecuted and robbed by [ ] for loving∬kindness[ ] in all to[

Frg. 55 1. 2. 3. 4.

] holiness [ ]the righteous [judge]ments[ ] for [ ]which they chose [

al]l who pas[s ]and in every [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪220‬‬

‫לכפר ֵעל ‪]°°‬‬ ‫עבו[ ִדת קודשו ִו ֵ‬ ‫[עליהם ל]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 56‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫במשפט ֵי]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵש ִוִ פטם‬ ‫י[חזיקו ביד ‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ל‪]°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 57‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[נו בה]‬ ‫[ ֵאשר יעשה]‬ ‫[ ִיִע את אש]ר‬ ‫[‪]°°° °°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 58‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ע ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬השיב ל‪]°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 59‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ִי ִִק ֵדש ‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫ִבמשפט יריב א]ת‬ ‫בכול עוברי פ ִי ִֵה]ו‬ ‫עוזרי רשעה]‬ ‫‪ִ °°°‬עוש ֵי]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪ °°°‬ונריבה ריב‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 60‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°°° °°‬‬ ‫ופקוד]‬ ‫[רצה ִ‬ ‫[ סגולה מכול ]העמים‬ ‫[ וכול מלכי ֵע ֵמ ֵי]ם‬ ‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 61‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ֵה‪ֵ °°°‬ה‪ֵ°°°‬ש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵב ִחוקים ‪]°‬‬

4Q299 5. 6.

]His holy [serv]ice, and to expiate for [ ]upon them to[

Frg. 56 2. 3.

]their judge in the judgements of[ they shall] hold fast to the [

Frg. 57 2. 3. 4.

] in it[ ]which he will do[ ] that whi[ch

Frg. 58 2.

] he answered to [

Frg. 59 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

he will sanctify [ with justice he will contend wi[th against all those who violate [His] command[ those who aid (in doing) evil[ those who do[ vacat and let us contend in dispute[

Frg. 60 2. 3. 4.

]favour (?) and remember[ ] treasured possession from among all [the nations ] and all kings of nation[s

Frg. 61 2.

]in the laws [

221

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 62‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫רב]‬ ‫[ ִוִא וריב ֵ‬ ‫[ ‪ vacat‬ועתה מ‪]°‬‬ ‫יוכל]ו‬ ‫[שנאיכה לוא ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵלחצרוִִ ]תי[ ֵה ֵמ ִה למ ]‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 63‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫מעו ו‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵש ִ‬ ‫[ ‪ִ °°‬ובל ‪°‬ל ִד‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵוֵישמילנו ]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵבודו ]‬ ‫[א]‬ ‫‪Frg. 64‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵה ִשמים ל]‬ ‫[ ֵג ֵיֵם קדו]ש‬ ‫[‪° °°‬הבל ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[א]‬

‫‪Frg. 65‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬יִנ ִו שיד הואה]‬ ‫מ[חסור ולמח ִי ִֵר]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°°‬מ ִעל ִיִם ע ִי]ן‬ ‫[‪°‬לת ִל ֵג ִֵוִ ִיִתו וא‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵת ו‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 66‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫שוִ ִנִ ֵו]ת‬ ‫ול ִ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵל משפחות]‬ ‫[‪°‬ל ישרא]ל‬ ‫[‪ °‬יתנו]‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 67‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ה‪] °‬‬ ‫משפחות]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬כול‬ ‫[‪°‬ע‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵעמו מכוהן ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ל ֵי ִֵם כל ר]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 68‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ועם]‬ ‫ראל ִ‬ ‫יש[ ִ‬ ‫ישר]אל‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬לבני ֵ‬ ‫ע[בודתו ל]‬ ‫[ם ידע]‬

‫‪Frg. 69‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫בשנה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫א[חת‬ ‫אור[ ִיִם ותומים]‬ ‫[‪ °‬כול האדם]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 70‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫חוק]‬ ‫[‪°‬תם ֵ‬ ‫[ל ֵוֵא ידעתם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִלחול ִוִאת]ם‬ ‫אשמה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ל עם‬

4Q299

223

Frg. 62 2. 3. 4. 5.

] and dispute [ ]vacat And now, [ ]your enemies will not be abl[e ]to their courtyard[s] [

Frg. 63 1.

]Listen and [

3. 4.

and he will cause us to turn aside to the left (?) [ ]His glory [

Frg. 65 2. 3. 4. 5.

] a song. He[ l]ack, and for the price of[ ] they avert the ey[e ] to his body [

Frg. 67 2. 3. 4.

] all the families of[ ] with him, from a priest [ ] all [

Frg. 69 1. 2. 3.

O]nce in the year[ Ur]im and Thummim[ ] every human being[

Frg. 70 1. 2. 3. 4.

] the law[ ]you did not know [ ]to that which is profane, but yo[u ] with guilt[

Frg. 64 1. 2. 3.

]the heavens to[ ] hol[y ] vanity [

Frg. 66 1. 2. 3. 4.

] and tongue[s ] families[ ] Israe[l ] they will give[

Frg. 68 1. 2. 3. 4.

Is]rael and the nation[ ] to the children of Isra[el ]His [s]ervice to[ ] he (or: they) knew[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪224‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 71‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫פש]ע‬ ‫שבי ִ‬ ‫ומ]‬ ‫רב לכם ֵ‬ ‫ֵצ ִ‬ ‫נאצתה ֵו]‬ ‫ֵשפר ִל]‬ ‫ֵו ֵי ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 72‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵא]‬ ‫הו[ ִא קדוש ה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ג[ ֵבורי צדק ]‬ ‫כיא]‬ ‫י[דעו ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬על פ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 73‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬י ואין]‬ ‫הדע]ות‬ ‫[ ֵאל ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 74‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬נ ֵו]‬ ‫[ ִמשה פנים אבני]‬ ‫[ל ִז ִִכר קדוש ִי ִִם על ]‬ ‫[ל‪ °‬וגב]‬ ‫[‪ִ°°‬ד‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 75‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°°‬ל תכלת]‬ ‫לפתוח]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ כבוד‬ ‫‪Frg. 76‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬וִ מ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫] [ ִמפיהו לפת]וח‬ ‫כול אבות העדה]‬ ‫וב‪ °°°‬בין איש]‬ ‫[ה ]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 77‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫איש]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬‬ ‫[ ִכ ֵוֵל בידכם]‬ ‫ֵה ֵוֵא]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ו ֵ‬

4Q299 Frg. 71 1. 2. 3. 4.

those who have repented from transgres[sion it burnt you and [ you reviled and[ and it was pleasing for[

Frg. 72 1. 2. 3. 4.

H]e is holy, He[ h]eroes of righteousness [ ]they [k]new that[ ] upon [

Frg. 73 2. 3.

] and there is no[ ]God of know[ledge

Frg. 74 2. 3.

]Moses, a face, stones of[ ]for a remembrance of the holy ones, upon [

Frg. 75 1. 2.

] blue[ ] honour, to open[

Frg. 76 2. 3. 4.

[ ]from his mouth, to op[en all the fathers of the congregation[ and in [ ] between each (or a man) [

Frg. 77 1. 2. 3.

] a man[ ]all in your hands[ ] and he[

225

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪226‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 78‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵחוקתיה]‬ ‫[ ִגבולותיה]‬ ‫ֵם]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°°°°‬י ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 79‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[‪ °‬ם ]‬ ‫[ ֵיֵשרים ]‬ ‫[ ִדרך חיים ]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬וִ רצונו הל]‬ ‫והוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ארץ צביו ִ‬ ‫[באהליהם ואהרון מ]‬ ‫ריח נ[ ֵיֵחוח לזכרון נב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ כול העמים ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ל ִיִו לה ִי]ות [ל]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 80‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪ °°‬קרא ֵא]‬ ‫[ ועתה ִפ]‬ ‫מ[ ֵש ֵפ ִט ִי צדק]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 81‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵהארץ למ‪]°‬‬ ‫ישפוט ֵש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 83‬‬

‫‪Frg. 82‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °‬ז ֵוֵת ]‬ ‫[ ישים]‬ ‫ֵת ֵי ישראל]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬י ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬י ֵוֵם ִי ֵיֵמס]‬ ‫[‪°‬לים וק‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[בקדם ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬יִת ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ברית ה‪]°‬‬ ‫עבו[ ֵדת קוד]ש‬

‫‪Frg. 84‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫מש‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[מ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ש‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 85‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫ֵצ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ם לך‪]°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 86‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫[ש ִיִת מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[הוא ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 87‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִדת בלחמ ֵי]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ו ‪]°°°‬‬

4Q299

227

Frg. 78 1. 2.

]its laws[ ]its boundaries[

Frg. 79 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

]the upright [ ]way of life [ ] his will [ ]the land of his delight, and he [ ]in their tents, and Aaron [ a fragrant of]fering as a remembrance of ] all the nations [ ] to b[e] for[

Frg. 81 1. 2.

]the land to [ ] he will judge [

Frg. 83 2.

]before (?) [

4. 5.

]the covenant of the [ ]the [ser]vice (?) of holi[ness

[

Frg. 80 1. 2. 3.

] he called [ ] And now, [ l]aws of righteousness[

Frg. 82 2. 3. 4.

] he will put[ ] Israel[ ]day (?) [

Frg. 85

4.

] to you [

Frg. 87 2.

Frg. 86

] in the bread of[ 3.

]he [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 88‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫בוד ֵת ]‬ ‫ע[ ִ‬ ‫[קדשו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬מ]‬

‫‪Frg. 89‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵם ]‬ ‫ֵמ ֵיֵם ֵי]‬ ‫[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬א]‬

‫‪Frg. 90‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[עו ֵי ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ים ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 91‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ים ]‬ ‫[ֵא‪ֵ °°‬ל]‬

‫‪Frg. 92‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ ִעמ‪] °°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬ל‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 93‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ°‬מ]‬

‫‪Frg. 94‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪] ° °‬‬ ‫[די]‬

‫‪Frg. 95‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫וכ]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬‬ ‫[ ֵוֵע‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 96‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ֵכש]‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 97‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ יושב ִי]‬ ‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 99‬‬

‫‪Frg. 98‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵמ ֵת ֵן]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ל‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ לכול ל‪]°°‬‬ ‫עשה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 101‬‬

‫‪Frg. 100‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[רש]‬ ‫[ קר]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °°‬יֵב ‪]°‬‬ ‫בא]‬ ‫[לוא ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬נ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 102‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ל[וא ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ קר‪]°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ֵמ ‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 103‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ם וד‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪] ° °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 104‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪228‬‬

‫‪Frg. 105‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ֵא‪°°‬ג‪]°‬‬ ‫[ֵי ֵו‪]°‬‬

4Q299 Frg. 89 2.

]days (?) [

229

Frg. 88 1. 2.

se]rvice of the [ ]His holiness [

Frg. 97 1.

] those who dwell in[

Frg. 99 1. 2.

] to all [ ] he did[

Frg. 101 2.

]not in [

Frg. 102 1.

n]ot [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 106‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]° °°‬‬ ‫[אבר]הם‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪4Q300 (4QMysteriesb) ed. L. Schiffman, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1a Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬ראות‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ִם ֵמעשי ארץ‬ ‫מע[ ֵשה ִאף ועבודת‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1a ii–b‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q299 3c 2 (underline‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫] [ֵת‪ ]°‬החר[טמים מלמדי פשע אמרו ִהמשל והגידו ִהחידה בטרם נדבר ואז‬ ‫הבטתם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫תדעו אם‬ ‫[כסלכמה כי חתום מכם] ח[ ֵתם החזון ובר ִזי עד לא‬ ‫שמ]ים‬ ‫ותעודות ִה ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הבטתם ובבינה לא השכלתם‬ ‫[כי לא הבטתם בשורש‬ ‫המ ֵי]‬ ‫[‪°‬ה ִו ֵ‬ ‫ִא]ז [ ִתאמרו ל]‬ ‫חוכמה ואם תפתחו החזון‬ ‫תסת]ם מכם‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ֵכל חוכמת]כ[ם כי לכם המ‪]°‬‬ ‫שמ ִו ִכ ִי] מ[ ִה היא חכמה‬ ‫[‬ ‫עו[ ִד לא תהיה]‬ ‫נכחדת ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫]ח[ ֵז ֵו ֵן ‪]°‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ם‬ ‫[ ֵיֵלתו‬ ‫[לענה‬ ‫‪Frg. 2 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ימים ]‬ ‫] [ ִ‬ ‫שקר מה פחד] לאדם‬ ‫מדנים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ִעזִ ִוִ ב קנאת‬ ‫ִי ִ‬ ‫מעלו אשר מעל]‬ ‫ִר ֵע זולתו ֵא ִהוב]‬

4Q300

231

Frg. 106 2.

]Abra[ham (?)

4Q300 (4QMysteriesb) trans. L. Schiffman Frg. 1a Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4.

] see (?) ] vacat ] the deeds of the land ac]tion (provoking) anger and the service of

Frg. 1a ii–b 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

[ ] the mag]icians who are skilled in transgression, utter the parable and relate the riddle before it is discussed, and then you will know whether you have considered and the signs of the heav[ens ]your foolishness, for the [s]eal of the vision is sealed from you, and you have not considered the eternal mysteries, and you have not come to understand wisdom. The[n ]you will say [ ] for you have not considered the root of wisdom, and if you open the vision it will be kept secr[et from you ]all [yo]ur wisdom, for yours is the [ ] his name, for [wh]at is wisdom (which is) hidden[ sti]ll there will not be [ ] the [vis]ion [of ]

Frg. 2 Col. i

4. 5.

]his [ ]poison

Frg. 2 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ]days [ falsehood. What fear [ for a person he shall abandon the jealous strife[ his transgression which he committed[ evil, except for him, the beloved[

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪232‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 1Q27 1 i 1–7 (underline‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫כול‬ ‫בעבור ידעו בין ט]וב ובין רע ובין שקר לאמת ויבינו רזי‬ ‫פשע‬ ‫[‬ ‫ידע]ו רז נהיה ובקדמוניות לוא התבוננו ולוא ידעו מה אשר‬ ‫כל חוכמתם ולא ִ‬ ‫יבוא[‬ ‫עליהם ונפשם לא מלטו מר ִז ֵנ]היה וזה לכם האות כי יהיה בהסגר מולדי‬ ‫עולה[‬ ‫וגלה הרשע מפני הצדק כגול ֵו]ת חושך מפני אור וכתום עשן ואיננו עוד כן‬ ‫יתם[‬ ‫]הר[שע לעד והצדיק יגל]ה[ כש]מש תכון תבל וכל תומכי רזי ]בליעל[ אינמה‬ ‫עוד ודעה[‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°°‬ש‪]°‬‬ ‫ישלם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ת‬ ‫[‪°‬ב והוא ‪]°°‬‬ ‫לט]וב‬ ‫לשום ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q299 3a ii–b 1–5 (underline‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫שב ִת ֵב ֵי]נה[‬ ‫[ ִמ ֵח ֵ‬ ‫מ[ ֵשפט בגלל הון‬ ‫[ ֵאביון מה נקרא‬ ‫לאדם‬ ‫וכול מעשה צדיק הטמ[אה ומה נקרא ֵ‬ ‫]הו ומעש‬ ‫נכחדת] כי[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ה חכמה‬ ‫ה ולוא‬ ‫]חכם וצדיק כי לוא לאיש‬ ‫אם‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫)‪Parallel: 4Q299 7 4–5 (underline‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ההב]דל‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫י[ ִדעו‬ ‫[ ֵת גבר ומה מע]שה‬ ‫[עם יודע]י‬ ‫[ ֵו ִֵהוא רחו]ק‬ ‫ואי[ ֵן לענה לנגד ֵו]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִה עמוק לא]יש[‬ ‫[ל]‬

4Q300

233

Frg. 3 1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

[ ] [ everything ] in order that they would know (the difference) between g[ood and evil, and between falsehood and truth, and that they might understand the mysteries of transgression ] all their wisdom. But [they] did not know [the mystery of that which was coming into being, and the former things they did not consider. And they did not know what shall befall] them. And they did not save their lives from the mystery of that which was com[ing into being. And this shall be the sign to you that it is taking place: When the begotten of unrighteousness are delivered up,] and wickedness is removed from before righteousness, as [darkness] is remove[d from before light. (Then,) just as smoke wholly ceases and is no more, so shall wick]edness [cease] forever, and righteousness shall be reveal[ed] as the s[un (throughout) the full measure of the world. And all the adherents of the mysteries of [Belial] are to be no more. But knowledge]

Frg. 4 2. 3. 4.

] he will pay [ ] and he [ ] to place, for g[ood

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

]thought of under[standing] ju]dgement because of property ]poor man. What shall we call [his and deed (?) and every action of the righteous has become imp]ure. And what shall we call a person wise and righteous, for it is not for persons and not ] hidden wisdom, [ex]cept

Frg. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

they [will] know the diff[erence ] of a man and what is the de[ed of ]with [those] who know[ of ] and it is dista[nt and there is noth]ing more poisonous before him [ ]how deep for a m[an

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪234‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫)‪Parallels: 4Q299 7 4–5 (underline‬‬ ‫)‪4Q300 6 5 (overbar‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫מצדק]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ומה ִרם לגבר‬ ‫מה רע לאדם מ[רשע ֵ‬ ‫לענה־ ־ ־ ־ ־ ־ ־‬ ‫ואין־ ־ ־ ־ ־ ־‬ ‫[־ ־ ־‬ ‫וִא] משפט‬ ‫בל ִ ֵ‬ ‫לנגדו מנוקם לנטור ִ‬ ‫צדיק בכל] דרכיו‬ ‫[ש משפט נפשו כ ֵי]א [ ִ‬ ‫ֵש ִע משנ ִו ִֵא]‬ ‫מה [ ֵר ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4a‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫מ[ ִח ִזִה ימינ ֵו]‬ ‫[ ֵמה קדם ומה אח]ור‬ ‫[‪°‬ים נפתח נ]‬ ‫ונוִד ֵי ֵֵעה‬ ‫[ ִֵ‬ ‫בכ ֵל ]‬ ‫[‪°°‬עו להולכי פתי ֵ‬ ‫תומ ִכי רזים א]‬ ‫[ ִלה אתכם ִ‬ ‫ואם]‬ ‫ת[ ֵדעו היש אתכם בינה ִ‬ ‫[ה ולא היה מה ר ִז ֵא ֵם]‬ ‫[ לאיש ִוִה]וא‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵסודות לא השיגוהו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵיֵא ב ֵו יום הריב ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִע ִוִ לם הוא ִו ֵע]ד עולם‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪ °‬לאיש ‪]°°‬‬ ‫יש‬ ‫מ[שפט מה רע לא‪ °°‬וא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬לא יקח]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ֵצ ֵד ִק ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫וצד]ק‬ ‫[ובידו משפט כלם ֵ‬ ‫[ל] [‪ֵ°°‬ת‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫מ[תוק מה ‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ היום ]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ֵו‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14‬‬

4Q300

235

Frg. 7 1. 2. 3. 4.

what is worse for a human being than ]evil, and what is more exalted for a man than righteousness[ ]and there is nothing more poisonous before him than one who takes vengeance by bearing a grudge un[justly[ Fo[r ]He is righteous in all[ His ways what is ]more evil than hating[

Frg. 8 1. 2. 3. 4a. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

the vi]sion of our days[ ]what is before and what is af[ter ] is open [ ]and let us make known[

] to those who walk with simplicity in all[ ] you who hold fast to the mysteries [ you ]will know whether you have understanding and whether[ ] and it was not. What mystery [ ] to a man and h[e

Frg. 9 1. 2. 3.

]secrets, they did not grasp it [ ]for on it is the day of the dispute [ ]it is from eternity and un[to eternity

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3.

] for a man [ ju]dgement. What is worse for a man than not ] he will not take[

[

Frg. 11 1. 2.

]righteousness [ ]and in His hand is the judgement of all of them, and righteous[ness

Frg. 12 1.

sw]eet, what [

Frg. 13 1.

] the day [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪236‬‬

‫‪4Q301 (4QMysteriesc?) ed. L. Schiffman, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫אליכם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫א[ ֵב ִיִעה רוחי ולמיניכם ֵאחלקה דברי‬ ‫מ[של וחידה וחוקרי ֵש ֵו ֵֵרשי בינה עם תומכי ֵר]זי פלא‬ ‫[ ֵה ֵוֵלכי פותי ואנשי מחשבת לכול ֵעבודת מעש ִיִהם‬ ‫ודק]וד כ[ל ]ה[ ֵמ ִוִ לת עמים עם ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ור ִף ‪ִ °°‬ק ִ‬ ‫[ ֵע ִ‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2a‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫משפטי כסיל ונחלת חכמ]ים‬ ‫ממש]ל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫נכבד לבב והוא‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מה‬ ‫[ל] [מ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵמ ֵוֵשל ‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪Frg. 2b‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[ים ומה ֵהחידה לכמה ֵחו>ק<רי ֵבשור}ש{שי בינה‬ ‫למש]ל [‪[ ]°‬מה שר ] [‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[משל מה אד ִיִר לכם והוא‬ ‫יאמ]ר[‬ ‫[ ֵבלוא חוזק וירד בו בשוט בלוא מחיר מיא ֵ‬ ‫ומא]ור[‬ ‫ֵא ֵבכם דורש פני אור ִ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬מ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ל‪[ ]°°‬ל]‬ ‫היה] [‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬תבנית זכר ללוא ֵ‬ ‫[במלאכי ] [‬ ‫[‬ ‫מ[הללים]‬ ‫)‪Frg. 3a–b (for the signs in lines 1–3, see DJD XX, pl. IX‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪]X °°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪]X‬‬ ‫[נ ֵי‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ‪]X‬‬ ‫חמת]ו ו[ֵנ]הדר[‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫הואה ברוב‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בד ֵה ֵו]א[ ִבא]ו[רך אפיו ]וגדו[ ֵל‬ ‫ונכ ֵ‬ ‫[ה ִ‬ ‫[הואה בהמון רחמיו ונורא הואה במזמת אפו נכבד הוא] ב [‬ ‫בא ֵרץ המשילו ]ונ[כבד אל בעם קודשו ונהדר ה]ואה[‬ ‫[ ֵבו ובאשר ִ‬

4Q301

237

4Q301 (4QMysteriesc?) trans. L Schiffman Frg. 1 1. I] will speak my mind and according to your kinds (?) I will apportion my words to you [ 2. A par]able and a riddle, and those who search the roots of understanding with those who hold fast to [the wondrous] se[crets 3. ]those who behave foolishly and the scheming people in all the work of their deeds 4. ]neck cre[st of al]l [the] tumult of the peoples, with [

Frg. 2a 1. Judgements of a fool and the inheritance of sage[s 2. How honoured is the heart and it is from a parab[le 3. it rules [ ] [ ] [

Frg. 2b 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

]s and what is the riddle for you, O you who seach the roots of understanding ]parable. How majestic for you, and it is for a parab[le ] [ ] [ ] ]without strength, and he will rule over him with a whip at no cost. Who will sa[y] ] [ ] [ ] Who among you seeks the presence of light and the lum[inary] ] the image of a male to whom there was not (?) [ ] ] with angels of [ ] p]raising[ ]

Frg. 3a–b (for the signs in lines 1–3, see DJD XX, pl. IX) 1. ] X[ ] 2. ] X[ ] 3. ] X[ ] 4. ] and honoured is H[e] in His l[o]ng suffering [and grea]t is He in [His] great anger. [And] e[xalted] 5. ]is He in the multitude of His mercies and awesome is He in the plan of His anger. Honoured is He [in 6. ] and who rules over the earth. [And ho]noured is God by His holy people, and exalted is H[e]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ונהד ֵר] הואה ברום קו[דשו גדול הואה בברכות]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]ל[בחיריו‬ ‫[ ֵבכלו]ת [ ֵקץ רשעה ועשות]‬ ‫[ ִהדרם ות]‬

‫‪238‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ °°°‬בנ‪]°°‬‬ ‫ידע]ו‬ ‫[ֵת‪ °‬כל רוח ֵב ֵי ֵנ ִֵתו לוא ֵ‬ ‫אפר ]ועפר‬ ‫[עת בכול כבודו ומה ֵ‬ ‫נהדר הואה ב]‬ ‫[זהר ִ‬ ‫[‪[ ]°°°°‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵב ֵנ]‬ ‫[היכל מלכות ֵו]‬ ‫מ[ה בשר כיא ]‬ ‫א[ ֵוֵר גדול ונכב]ד הואה‬ ‫[‪ °‬אור ִוִא ִוִרוִִ ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫כי[א אין ל ִו מ]‬ ‫[ ִד ֵה]ו[ ִנו וצעד כבו]דו‬ ‫הואה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִל‪ֵ °°‬ר הואה למ ִו‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ֵהלוא ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ִרש וג‪]°‬‬ ‫מלא]ת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[עד‬ ‫רש[עת לבו ל‪]°‬‬ ‫לוִא ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[ונות ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵב ִח ֵי ]‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ר ֵוֵח סי]‬ ‫נכב[ ֵד ֵה ִוִאה ]ב‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ן בין א]‬ ‫[ ֵמ ֵחשב]ת‬

4Q301

239

7. [for] His chosen ones. And exalted [is He in the heights of] His [ho]liness. Great is He in the blessings[ ] 8. ]their glory and [ ]when there comes to an en[d] the period of evil and the doing of[ ]

Frg. 4 2. ] every spirit of His discernment [they] did not understand[ 3. ] in all His glory. And what is dust [and ashes 4. ]splendour. Exalted is He in[

Frg. 5 2. 3. 4. 5.

]the Temple of His kingdom[ wh]at is flesh that [ a great [li]ght. And honou[red is He ] light, and his light [

Frg. 6 1. 2. 3. 4.

fo]r he does not have [ ] his pr[op]erty and the step (?) of [His] glor[y ] he, to them, he[ ]is it not [ ] [

Frg. 7 2. ]until the complet[ion of 3. the ini]quity of his heart [ 4. ]not [

Frg. 10 2. ] between [ 3. ]the pla[n of

Frg. 9 1. ] [ 2. ]the spirit of [ 3. Honou]red is He [in

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪240‬‬

‫‪Ben Sira‬‬ ‫‪2Q18 (2QSir) ed. M. Baillet, J. T. Milik, and R. de Vaux, O. P.,‬‬ ‫‪DJD III‬‬ ‫)?( ‪Sir 6:14–15‬‬

‫ומוצאו מצא הון[‬ ‫‪]14‬אוהב אמונה אוהב[ ת]קוף‬ ‫ואין משקל לטובתו[‬ ‫אמונ[ ִה א ֵי ֵן] מחיר‬ ‫‪]15‬לאוהב‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Sir 6:20–31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ולא יכלכלנה חסר ל[ב‬ ‫‪]20‬עקובה היא לאויל‬ ‫ולא יאחר להשליכה[‬ ‫‪]21‬כאבן משא תהיה עליו‬ ‫ולא לרבים היא נ[כח‬ ‫‪]22‬כי המוסר כשמה כן הוא‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪]23‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪]24‬‬ ‫ואל תקץ בתחבולתיה[‬ ‫‪]25‬הט שכמך ושאה‬ ‫ובכל מאדך שמר דרכי[ה‬ ‫‪]26‬בכל נפשך קרב אליה‬ ‫‪]27‬דרש וחקר בקש ומצא והתחזקתה ואל תר[פה‬ ‫ונהפך לך לת[ענג‬ ‫‪]28‬כי לאחור תמצא מנוחתה‬ ‫וחבלתה [בגדי כתם‬ ‫‪]29‬והיתה לך רשתה מכון עז‬ ‫‪]30‬עלי זהב עלוה ומוסרתיה פתיל תכ[לת‬ ‫ועטר[ת תפארת תעטרנה‬ ‫‪]31‬בגדי כבוד תלבשנה‬

‫‪Other Sapiential Instructions‬‬ ‫‪4Q412 (4QSapiential-Didactic Work A) ed. A. Steudel, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫תפע]ל‬ ‫]ואת[ ֵה אל ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬הא ֵר‪]°‬‬ ‫תפע]ל‬ ‫לרבים אל ִ‬ ‫]קה)?([ ֵ‬ ‫לד ֵע ִת ֵי ]‬ ‫]עלי[ ֵכה דבתדבוב ‪ֵ vacat‬ו ֵגֵם מעוון ֵ‬ ‫ֵם]‬ ‫[‪ֵ [ ]°‬ב ֵי ֵנֵה הוציא מל ֵי ֵ‬ ‫]ו[ ֵת ֵב ֵוֵך באמרי ֵי ֵו]‬ ‫ֵכה] ?‪ [vacat‬וללשונכה דלתי מ]גן ‪vacat‬‬ ‫]ש[ ֵיֵם מוסר על ֵש ֵפ ֵת ֵי ֵ‬ ‫שמע[‬ ‫צ[ ֵד ֵי ִֵק)?( למבקשי] בינה‬ ‫בהמה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ִל ֵי צדק הגה‬ ‫[ ֵרעשכה ]‬ ‫בכול פיכה הלל ‪]°‬‬ ‫תן הדות לשמ ֵו ]‬

‫[‬ ‫הוציא[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ועתה בני‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q412

241

Ben Sira 2Q18 (2QSir) trans. N. Gordon Sir 6:14–15 (?) 1. [A faithful friend is a ]s[trong defence, and he that hath found such a one hath found a treasure.] 2. Nothing[ doth countervail a faithfu]l[ friend, and his excellency is invaluable.]

Sir 6:20–31 1. [She is very unpleasant to the unlearned, he that is without un]der[standing will not remain with her.] 2. [She will lie upon him as a mighty stone of trial; and he will cast her from him ere it be long.] 3. [For wisdom is according to her name, and she is not ma]nifest[ unto many.] 4. [ ] (Sir 6:23). 5. [ ] (Sir 6:24). 6. [Bow down thy shoulder, and bear her, and be not grieved with her bonds.] 7. [Come unto her with thy whole heart, and keep ]her[ ways with all thy power.] 8. [Search, and seek, and she shall be made known unto thee, and when thou hast got hold of her, ]let her[ not go.] 9. [For at the last thou shalt find her rest, and that shall be turned to thy j]oy. 10. [Then shall her fetters be a strong defence for thee, and her chains ]a robe of glory. 11. [For there is a golden ornament upon her, and her bands are pu]rple[ lace.] 12. [Thou shalt put her on as a robe of honour, ]and shalt put her about thee as a [crow]n of joy.

Other Sapiential Instructions 4Q412 (4QSapiential-Didactic Work A) trans. A. Steudel Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

[And yo]u, do not d[o(?) ] [an assemb]ly of many(?). Do not d[o spreads] [against] you evil defamation(?). vacat And also from iniquity to my knowledge(?)[ ] [and] you are confused(?) by the words of [ ] understanding, he spreads words [ ] [P]lace a bond on your lips(?) [vacat?] and for your tongue (place) doors of p[rotection vacat And now, my son, listen] to me, justice ponder in them [ j]ust(?) concerning those who seek [understanding ] with all your mouth praise [ ] your trembling[ ] give thanks to his name [ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪242‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ֵם ֵמ ]‬ ‫בקהל רב ֵי ֵ‬ ‫יוממ וליל]ה‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬

‫[רת ֵי ‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ו ֵֵרת ֵי אל ת]‬ ‫שלוש]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ן‬ ‫שלח ֵמדנים ‪]°‬‬ ‫מ[ ֵ‬ ‫רא]‬ ‫[ל] [לך ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬ד]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫צד]ק‬ ‫מ[שפטי ֵ‬ ‫[ על מלי ֵכ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬

‫[ ֵעשר ֵי ֵיֵנח ֵיֵל]‬ ‫כ[ ֵרצונו ברא ]‬ ‫ֵק]ולי‬ ‫[ם אקרא ֵו ֵ‬ ‫מ[ל ֵי ֵו ֵיֵדעים א]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ת אנ ֵוֵש ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4Q426 (4QSapiential-Hymnic Work A) ed. A. Steudel, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫כב[ ֵוֵד ומדת דעת ואורך ימים‬ ‫שו[ ִמרי כול מצוותיו וזרע רשעים‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫ע‬ ‫[ ִנִתן אל בלבבי דה ובינה‬ ‫ֵצ ֵר]י אמ[ ִת אמרי‬ ‫[ ִלמ ֵוֵל ֵנ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ ִל]‬ ‫א‪/‬י[ ֵחיה ֵו‬ ‫ֵה ֵש‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ו ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫לה לוא יהיו‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[כול תור בתבל‬ ‫[ ִל ֵוֵכול זר ֵאי ִן‬ ‫ואוכל טוב ענפיה‬ ‫[ ִה ֵ‬ ‫בסתר מלפני ִו ִה ֵי ֵוֵם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ת‬ ‫[ה ‪°‬ול למלכי ארץ רוד]ף[‬ ‫ֵם‬ ‫[ים ונש ֵי ֵ‬

4Q426 9. 10.

in an assembly of many [ day and nigh[t ]

]

Frg. 2 2. 3. 4.

] do not [ ] three[ who] let loose strife [

Frg. 3 1. 2.

] right[eous ju]dgements[ ] according to the words of [

Frg. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

]my wealth he will give as a possession[ according to] His will He created [ ] I cry and [my] voi[ce ]my [wor]ds and those who know [ ] man [

4Q426 (4QSapiential-Hymnic Work A) trans. A. Steudel Frg. 1 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

hon]our and a measured portion of knowledge and length of days those who k]eep all His commandments, but the seed of (the) wicked ones ] vacat ]God has put into my heart knowledge and understanding ] and for (those) who observe [the tru]th(?), words of ] his [b]rother(?)/He] sustains him(?) ] vacat ] they shall not be ]all beauty in the world ] and every stranger is not ] and its branches are good food ] secretly from before {him} the day ] to the kings of the earth, pur[suing] ] and women(?)

243

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪244‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪] vacat‬‬ ‫בכור ארים ש]‬ ‫לכמה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יתבונן ואגידה‬ ‫ו •‬ ‫ואתבוננו בפעלות א ֵנ ֵו]ש‬ ‫צעדו איש ידע י‪]°‬‬ ‫ואל]‬ ‫ישר ונחלה ִ‬ ‫ואל יביאני עד]‬ ‫תשוך בעד ֵי]‬ ‫איש ‪]°‬‬ ‫טוב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יפלס]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ֵשר]‬ ‫הבהב ל]וא[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[איש ִ‬ ‫ֵפלגִִ ]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ול ֵו]א[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵו ִֵת ֵם]‬

‫‪Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫[ ִב ִי‪/‬וִִ ]‬

‫‪vacat‬‬

‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3a‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִאוהב ב]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ושלושה ]‬ ‫לו[ ִא ישג יה‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵם ֵת]‬ ‫ב[ ֵחר בשר ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵם טמא])ה(‬ ‫[ ֵצא‪]°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[ ֵחדרי שא]ול‬ ‫[‪°‬פ שקוצים]‬ ‫אשר ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ה א]ת[‬ ‫[לת ל‪]°‬‬ ‫משולח ִל ֵו ִֵא]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִא ֵמ ֵי‬ ‫ֵב]‬ ‫ֵא יש ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ל ֵו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫עתה ֵאלי]‬ ‫ו[ ֵ‬ ‫[ימל]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫את]‬ ‫[‪ °‬ות ֵו ִֵצ ֵ‬ ‫יחש]ב‬ ‫כל ִ‬ ‫[ ֵש ִ‬ ‫ֵצ]ר)ו( )?(‬ ‫[ ֵיֵפתח ִא ֵו ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫אל ֵי{]‬ ‫[‪°‬תה }כי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °‬שאולה]‬ ‫א[יש לץ ‪]°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫נמאר]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[תו‬ ‫נחרצה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬ו‬ ‫[ירחיב]‬

4Q426

245

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

vacat [ a firstborn(?) I will raise [ he will understand, and I will tell you [ and I will consider him in the deeds of me[n his step. A learned man, he [ or: a man will know/knows his step [ uprightness and inheritance and do not[ [ ] and let him/Him not bring me to[ you (protectingly) fence me about[ man [ good[ he will weigh out[

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3.

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3.

] the chambers of She[ol ] detested things [ ] h[o]w(?) [

5. 6.

] one who is sent off [shall] not [ ] shall not turn/bring back[

]a greedy man is n[ot] upright(?)[ ] and he shall no[t] divide [ ]them[

Frg. 4 2. 3a. 3. 4. 5.

] loving [ ] and three [

] he does [no]t(?) reach [ has cho]sen leaders [ ] unclean [

Frg. 7

Frg. 6

1. 2. 3.

1.

] and the consequence of[ ] prudence he shall thin[k ] he shall open [his] sto[re/trea[sury

Frg. 9 1. 2. 3.

] malignant [ ] strict decision [ ] he shall enlarge[

and] now, my God[

Frg. 8 2. 3. 4.

] {because my God } [ ] to Sheol [ a m]an who is a scorner [

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪246‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 11‬‬

‫‪Frg. 10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫אוצר]‬ ‫[ֵמ‪ֵ [ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵש בינה ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫עובד ֵי]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ל‪/‬י[תעב כול‬ ‫לכ ֵיֵמ א‪]°‬‬ ‫כו[ל] [ ֵמ ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵחלתו ‪](°) vac‬‬ ‫[ ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫•‬ ‫[ ִהפכהנ ישכון ֵל]‬ ‫ֵחו לוא יש]‬ ‫[לר ֵו ֵ‬ ‫נ[פש ֵו אש]ר )?(‬ ‫‪Frg. 12‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪°‬יה לוא ה]‬ ‫ומשפחות]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫דרֵשו‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫)בני שם( עילם וא[ ֵשור וארפכשד ול]וד וארם‬ ‫[ ֵו ִֵכול שוכני]‬ ‫‪Frg. 12a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ֵא ִמ]‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫המ]‬ ‫[ש ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪4Q525 (4QBeatitudes) ed. E. Puech, DJD XXV‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫אשר דב[ ֵר בחוכמה אשר נתן לו אלוה]ים ל‪-‬‬ ‫לדע[ת חוכמה ומ ֵו]סר[ להשכיל]‬ ‫[ם להוסיף ‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 2–3‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫דר[כיה‬ ‫[‪°‬תי‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪Col. ii + Frg. 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ִבלב טהור ולוא רגל על לשונו ‪ vacat‬אשרי תומכי חוקיה ולוא יתמוכו‬ ‫הגלים בה ולוא יביעו בדרכי אולת ‪ vacat‬אשרי‬ ‫אש]רי[ ִ‬ ‫בדרכי עולה ‪ִ vacat‬‬ ‫דורשיה‬ ‫בל ֵב מרמה ‪ vacat‬אשרי אדם הש ִיִג חוכמה ‪vacat‬‬ ‫בבור כפים ולוא ישחרנה ֵ‬ ‫ויתהלך‬ ‫תמ]י[ד‬ ‫בתורת עליון ויכן לדרכיה לבו ‪ vacat‬ויתאפק ביסוריה ובנגועיה ירצה ִ‬ ‫ולוא יטושנה בעוני מצר]יו‪/‬פו[ ובעת צוקה לוא יעוזבנה ולוא ישכחנה ]בימי‪/‬‬ ‫יום [ ֵפחד‬

4Q525 Frg. 10

Frg. 11 1. 2. 3. 4.

247

] his inheritance vac [ ] turns, he will inhabit [ ] concerning his spirit. Not [ ] his [s]oul(?) whi[ch

1. 2. 3. 4.

] store/treasury[ ]man(?) of understanding [ to] abhor all who serve[ al]l kings [

Frg. 12 1. 2. 3. 4.

] not [ ] they search(ed) and clans[ (Shem’s sons:) Elam, A]sshur, Arpachshad, L[ud, and Aram ] and all inhabitants of [

4Q525 (4QBeatitudes) trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook with N. Gordon Frg. 1 1. [ 2. [ 3. [

which he spok]e in the wisdom which God gave to him [ to kno]w wisdom and disc[ipline,] to understand [ ] ] to increase [ ]

]

Frgs. 2–3 Col. i 4. [

]her[ ways]

Col. ii + Frg. 3 1. with a clean heart and does not slander with his tongue. vacat Blessed are those who hold fast to its statutes and do not hold fast 2. to the ways of injustice. vacat Ble[ssed] are those who rejoice in it, and do not burst forth on paths of folly. vacat Blessed are those who seek it 3. with pure hands, and do not search for it with a deceitful heart. vacat Blessed is the man who attains wisdom, vacat and walks 4. in the law of the Most High: establishes his heart in its ways, vacat restrains himself by its corrections, is con[tin]ually satisfied with its punishments, 5. does not forsake it in the face of [his] trials, at the time of distress he does not abandon it, does not forget it [in the day of] terror,

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪248‬‬

‫יגע ִל]נה‬ ‫ובענות נפשו לוא ִ‬ ‫ובכו[ל‬ ‫היותוִִ ִב ִה] ישכיל וישיתה [לנגד עיניו לבלתי לכת בדרכ ִי]‬ ‫[ ֵיֵה יחד ויתם לבו אליה ]‬ ‫תוש]יבנ\הו‬ ‫הב ]תשית על ראו[שו ועם מלכים ִ‬ ‫ועטרת פז ז[ ֵ‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬

‫ישוחח] בה )?(‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[כי בה יהגה תמיד ובצרתו‬

‫סו[ֵד‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫בש[בטו על מ ִי]שרים וב}תו[ֵך{ אחים יפר ֵי]ד‬ ‫[ ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫תסור]ו מ‪-‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ו[ ִעתה בנים ש]מעו מוסר)?( וא[ל‬ ‫[ִם]‬ ‫חפ[שיות רעת]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ו ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‬ ‫או[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ותולעת[‬ ‫[‬

‫ִום]‬ ‫ישוה בה כול ִה ִי ִ‬ ‫לוא תלקח בזהב ִא]ו )ב(כסף‬ ‫עם כול אבני חפצ]‬ ‫בתא ִר פניהו]‬ ‫ידמ]ה[ ֵ‬ ‫ונצני ארגמון עם]‬ ‫שני עם כול בגדי ]‬ ‫ופנינים ֵו]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ובזהב‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ֵש]ו[ֵן]‬ ‫[ ֵכ ִול ק‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִבכוהנ ִי]‬ ‫וימ]‬ ‫[ ֵדה ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[ֵכ‪]°‬‬ ‫אל תעוזבנ[ ֵה בעת ִצ]ו[ֵק]ה‬ ‫נסוִ יה וב]‬ ‫[‪°‬י ִ‬ ‫[ ֵדו ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫הת ֵה]לכו‬ ‫ט[ ֵוֵהרה ֵ‬ ‫ועתה‬ ‫[בא]מת)?( [א]ל [ ִת ֵד ִרשוה בלב ר]ע‬ ‫שמ[ ֵעוִִ אל ת]דר[שוה בלב מרמה ובח]וקי‬ ‫?[ ִדרכיה ]‬ ‫חכמ]ים‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ת[עזובו ל ֵז]רים חל[ ֵקכמה וגורלכמה לבני נכר כי‬ ‫במתק ] [ ֵיֵראי אלוהים יצורו דרכיה ויתהלכו ב]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫י[שכילו‬ ‫חוקיה ובתוכח ִוִתיה לוא ימאסו נבונים יפיקו]‬ ‫הולכי תמים יטו עולה וביסוריה לוא ימאסו ]‬

‫אל[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q525

249

6. and in the humility of his soul he does not abhor [ . vacat ]But he meditates on it continually, and in his trial he reflects [upon it, and with al]l 7. his being [he gains understanding] in it, [and he establishes it] before his eyes so as not to walk in the ways [of ] 8. [ ] together, and perfects his heart by it, [ ] 9. [and places a crown of fine g]old [ upon] his [hea]d, and with kings it shall se[at him, and ] 10. [ with ]his[ st]aff over the ju[st and among]st [the counc]il of brothers he shall disce[rn ] 11. [ ] vacat [ ] vacat [ ] 12. [And] now my sons, li[sten to instruction and do n]ot turn aside [from ] 13. [ fr]ee ones of companion[ ]

Frg. 2 Col. iii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

ever compares with it [ ] It cannot be obtained with gold o[r silver or] with any precious jewel [ ] He [is] silent in [the appearance of] his face [ ] and purple flowers with [ ] scarlet, with all the garments of [ ] and with gold and pearls and[ ]

Frg. 4 2. [ 3. [

]all [ ] ]with the priests of[

]

Frg. 5 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

[ do not leave hi]m in a time of tr[ou]b[le ] [ ] her trial [ ] [ ] vacat [ ] [and now p]urity [they have] wal[ked] [ ]in tr[uth ] do not seek it with a ba[d] heart [ ] [ ]her ways [ li]sten, do not [s]eek her with a deceitful heart and with the la[ws do not] [a]bandon to str[angers] your [inheritan]ce or your lot to foreigners. For wis[e are ] [they] instruct in sweetness. Those who fear God keep its ways and walk in [ ] its statutes and do not reject its chastisements. Those who understand speak [ ] Those who walk in perfection turn aside injustice and do not reject its punishments [ ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫יסיבלו ערומים יכרו דרכיה ובמעמקיה ִי ִִק]‬ ‫וב ֵד ֵר]כי‬ ‫יביטו אוהבי אלוהים יצניעו בה ִ‬

‫‪250‬‬

‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ם‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ֵה‬ ‫ֵם‬ ‫[ ֵי ֵ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫בלוא]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מע]נ[ה ומקנאת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מתע]ת‪/‬תעת)?(‬ ‫לבלתי הבן מרוח ֵ‬ ‫דעת מרוח מוהלת ֵע]‬ ‫ברך ומכשלת בלו]א‬ ‫בלוא]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נכון ומוצאת‬ ‫ֵא]‬ ‫גאוה ומר ֵיֵמת ל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫לבלתי)?([‬ ‫[‬ ‫בלוא)?([‬ ‫בלוא)?([‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬

‫מכב ֵד]ת בלוא‬ ‫ו[ ִ‬ ‫[ ֵבלוא נכון ֵו]‬ ‫[‪ °‬פה בלוא]‬ ‫[מיצר מחשב]ות‬ ‫נטרד]ת‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[מרוח‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫בלוא ִמ]‬ ‫ֵוצרת ִ‬ ‫ו[ ֵנ ִ‬ ‫[ממזל רוח שפת]י)ה(‬ ‫שחית]‬ ‫[משפט ִמ ֵ‬ ‫עמ]‬ ‫[ ֵהון ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫מתר ֵמ]מת)?(‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מרו[ ִח‬ ‫[אוכלת ב]לוא‬ ‫שוטטות]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִמ‬ ‫[ ֵמרוח ]‬ ‫[ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫מספר ואין]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[מה‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫ועתה[ ה]ק[שיבו לי כול בני ה]‬ ‫ולח ֵט ֵא ִת ִוִ ִל ֵת]ום‬ ‫ויוִשר ֵ‬ ‫[ וענוה ִ ִ‬ ‫וכ ֵוֵל בשר אל}י{צדק ֵא]ל‬ ‫משפ[ ֵט ֵאויב ואוהב ִ‬

4Q525

251

12. they are laden. The shrewd recognize its ways and its depths [ ] 13. they gaze. Those who love God demonstrate a humble walk in it and in the wa[ys of ]

Frg. 6 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

answer and jealous without [ ] that he might not understand, from the spirit which decei[ves know, from the spirit which attenuates [ ] he has blessed. And the one who causes stumbling witho[ut steadfastness. The one sends away without [ ] pride and exaltation not[ ]

that he might not] without]

Frg. 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

and] honour[s without ] ]without steadfastness [ ] ]mouth without[ ] ]from the inclination of the though[ts ]because of an agitat[ed] spirit[ ]

]

Frg. 8 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

]and created without [ ] ]from the outpouring of the spirit of [her] lips[ ]exterminating judgement ]riches with[ ]

]

Frg. 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] because of ]an exal[ting spiri]t[ ]consuming with[out ] ]wandering[ ] ]because of a spirit [ ] ]

]

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ ] number and no[ ] [ ] vacat [ ] Pay attention to me, all you sons of [ ] [ ] meekness, uprightness, guilt, and inno[cence ] [ the judgemen]t of the enemy, of the friend, and of all flesh according to the justice of G[od ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪252‬‬

‫ֵל]וא [תשוב ]‬ ‫לכה ֵו ֵ‬ ‫יטיב ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫א[ ִם תטיב‬ ‫כוִ ִל] ישרא[ל ִרעת ֵה]אדם)?(‬ ‫[ ִ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪Frgs. 11–12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ברכות] עד‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵו ֵֵרוב של ִו ִִם ]ע[ֵם] [כול‬ ‫עם [ ֵמ ִדת הדר לכ]ו[ל תומכי בי ]‬ ‫ולכ]ול‬ ‫בכול דרכי ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לכול הולכים [תמים‬ ‫רוח])י‪/‬ות(‬ ‫[ ֵעם כ ִו ִל ִ‬ ‫[ֵל] [ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 13‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ֵמ ִפ ֵי ִֵה ֵם]‬ ‫] ֵו ִ‬ ‫תנ[ ֵחל ברעי עין תת ִן ֵל ֵה]ם)?(‬ ‫[ ִיִטורו לשפוך דם ב‪]°‬‬ ‫גאוה תנחל ובתכמיה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[כול נוחליה ‪vac]at‬‬ ‫ועתה ש[מעו לי ֵכ]ו[ֵל] בני [‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 14 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‬ ‫א[רץ‬ ‫[ה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ל‬ ‫[ֵן‬ ‫[‬ ‫פ[ ֵת ִאם‬ ‫[‬ ‫נפ[שכה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ִתוארכה‬ ‫[ ֵנֵפש‬ ‫[כה‬ ‫[ ִלב‬ ‫[ב‬ ‫[ ֵכה‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ֵת‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

4Q525

253

6. [I]f you do well, He shall prosper you [and ]you[ shall not] return [ 7. [ ] all [Israel]l the evil of[ man ]

]

Frgs. 11–12 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] abundance of peace [wi]th all the blessings [for ] with] majesty to a[l]l who hold fast to Me [ ] for all those that walk ]perfectly in all My paths. And al[l my and] with all the spirit[s of ]

Frg. 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

]and from their mouths[ ] you shall in]herit, you shall give th[em] hesitantly [ ]they shall bear a grudge to spill blood in[ ] ]you shall inherit pride and in her entrails[ ] ]all those who inherit her vac[at ] and now, l]isten to me a[l]l [sons of ]

Frg. 14 Col. i 2. [

l]and

8. [

s]uddenly

10. [

]your[sou]l

12. 13. 14. 15.

]your appearance ]soul ]your ]heart

[ [ [ [

17. [

]your

]

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪254‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[ ִאתכה‬ ‫)?(נח[ ֵלתכה‬ ‫[ה‬ ‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 14 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‪ֵ°‬ו] נ[ ֵח ִלתכה בת‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫כנִ ֵס]תם‬ ‫על כסא עון ועל במות ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵב ִל ֵב ֵם וירימו רואשכה ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫יתגִ ֵב]רו‬ ‫תה]ל[ ִל ֵוֵמפני דברך ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫בכ]ול)?(‬ ‫בכ]ו[ ִל הדר ונחמד ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫נגע בדרכיכה בל ת>ת<מוטט]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫תתב ִרך בעת מוטך תמצא ֵמ]שען‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובל תבואכה חרפת שונא ֵו]‬ ‫[‬ ‫יחד ומשנאיכה י}ש{>ס<תופפ]ו‬ ‫ויוציאכה[‬ ‫לבכה והתענגתה על א]לוהים [בהחניפ}ת{]ם)ה(‬ ‫במות]י א[ ֵוֵיביכה תדרוך ֵו]ת)אהוב( אלוהים בכול לבכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫למרחב רגלכה ועל‬ ‫ובכול[‬ ‫[‬ ‫ואל יבואכה פחד ‪]°‬‬ ‫נפשכה וחלצכה מכול רע ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫תת]הלך‬ ‫יורישך ימלא בטוב ימיכה ]ו[ברוב שלום ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫תנחל כבוד ואם נספיתה למנוחות עד ֵיֵנחל ֵו]ה כול‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובתלמודכה יתהלכו יחד כול יודעיכה יש‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫והייתה ֵט]וב ו‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יאבלו ובדרכיכה יזכרוכה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יחד‬ ‫[‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫לא]מרי פי‬ ‫ועתה מבין שמעה לי ושים לבכה ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫הגה]‬ ‫הפק דעת לבטנכה ובג ֵו]יתכ[ ֵה ִ‬ ‫אל[‬ ‫בענות צדק הוצא אמרי]כה וא[ל תתן ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫לכה]‬ ‫תשובב בדברי רעיכה פן י]כ[ ֵיֵן ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ואל[‬ ‫השמ]ר )לכה(‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ולפי שומעכה ענה כמוהו ִה ִי ִִוִ צא ֵב ִו‬ ‫[‬ ‫תשפוך שיח טרם תשמע את מליהם ה]קשיבה ל‪-‬‬ ‫ובארך[‬ ‫מואדה לפנים שמע אמרם ואחר תשיב ִב]דברי‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובש]‬ ‫אפים הוציאם וענה נכון בתוך שרים ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫בשפתיכה ומתקל לש ִון השמר מואדה בג ֵו]‬ ‫[‬ ‫בשפתותיכ ֵה] ונו[קשתה יחד בלש]ון‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫פן תלכד‬ ‫[‬ ‫ֵד ִב ִרי תופלה ֵא]שר תועבו[ ִת ממני ונפתלו]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q525

25. [ 26. [

255

]your ]your[ inheri]tance

Frg. 14 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

[ ] your [in]heritance in [ ] upon a throne of injustice and upon the high places of [their] gather[ing ] in their hearts, they will raise up your head [ ] you shall praise, because of your word [they] shall be stro[ng ] in a[l]l majesty and pleasantness in a[ll ] has drawn near your paths. You shall not be shaken [ ] you shall be blessed. In the time of your reeling you shall find s[upport ] the reproach of the enemy shall not bring you [ ] together, your enemies shall frequen[t ] your heart, and you take delight in G[od ]when he flatters [them ] for the width of your foot, and you shall tread upon the heigh[ts of ]your enemies and[ love God with all your heart and all] your soul. He shall deliver you from every evil, and terror shall not come upon you [ ] He gives you to possess. He shall fill your days with good, [and] you shall [walk] in an abundance of peace [ ] you shall inherit honour. And when you are swept away to eternal rest, until they inherit [it, all ] and all those who know you shall walk together in your teaching. [ ] they shall mourn together. But they shall remember you in your ways, and you shall be g[ood and ] vacat [ ] And now, O discerning one, listen to me, and devote your heart to the w[ords of my mouth ] speak knowledge to your innermost part and [with your body] meditate [ ] with righteous humility utter [your] words. Do [no]t give [ ] turn aside the words of your companion, lest he [gi]ve you [ ] and in accordance with your listener, respond in his manner as he deserves. Be carefu[l ] utter not discourse before you hear their words. L[isten to ] exceedingly. First, hear their explanation, and then answer with [words of ] patiently bring them out. Answer correctly in the midst of princes and in [ ] with your lips. Be very careful of causing offense with your tongue [ ] lest you be entrapped by your lips [and ens]nared together with your tong[ue ] words of obscenity, whi[ch are abomination]s from me and twist[ed words ]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪256‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 15‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ִמ‬

‫[ ֵאגר ריש ובס]כנות)?(‬ ‫אופל ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫חש[ ֵך‬ ‫רומ]‬ ‫[ פתנים ב]‪ -‬ו[ ֵתהלך אליו תבוא ֵ‬ ‫ובחלח]ל[ ֵה ידולל פתן בעלי ִו]ן‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[שרף‬ ‫אררות ֵנֵצח וחמת תנינים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬בוִִ יתיצבו‬ ‫רשפ]י [מות במבואו תצע]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[צפע ובו יעופפו‬ ‫יור[ ִיִשך ] [ ִסודו להבי ג ִו ֵפ ֵרֵית ומכ ִונתו ִא]ש‬ ‫כלמות חרפה מנעוליו צומי שחת]‬ ‫דלתו[ ֵתיו ִ‬ ‫[לוא ֵיֵש ִיִגו אורחות חיים תב]וא‬ ‫ֵמת]ו‬ ‫שר]ף י[ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵפצועי ֵ‬

‫‪Frg. 16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫איש‪/‬אנשי[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[ִה]‬ ‫ֵת ֵה ]‬ ‫השר ֵי ֵ‬ ‫בה תעו נבונים]‬ ‫הט]מינו‬ ‫ומוקשים ֵ‬ ‫דמים המ ִי]ת)ו(‬ ‫ועשק]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫במעל‬ ‫ודל ֵת]ות‬ ‫ֵב ֵיֵת ִ‬

‫‪Frg. 17‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫פחם]‬ ‫[ ֵריו ֵ‬ ‫כזב])ים(‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬מלאו ִ‬ ‫המס])ת(ה‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ח[ ִמת תנין‬ ‫[ ִגִ בר] [ סביב‪]°‬‬ ‫זהר] א[ור וא]‬ ‫[ ֵב ִ‬ ‫[תה ֵא‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 18‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫תוקש]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫[בשקוצ ֵי]‬ ‫[‪ °‬קמתה]‬ ‫[ובנדת ֵל]ב‬ ‫‪Frg. 19‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִנִ ולדים ]‬ ‫שמחה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ת[ ִהיה‬

4Q525

257

Frg. 15 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ ]gloomy d[arkness] [ ]store up poverty and in st[orehouses ] [ ] serpents with [ and] you shall go to it. You shall enter [ ] [ shall] burn, and with angu[i]sh a serpent shall be suspended in the high (?) [ ] [ ] in it they shall take their stand. Eternal curses and the venom of serpents [ ] [ ] viper. And in it the flame[s of] death shall fly about, at its entrance [ ] cry o[ut ] [ he shall give ]you[ to po]ssess his counsel of flaming brimstone, and his foundation of fi[re ] [ ]its [doors] are shameful reproaches and its locks are the restraints of perdition [ ] [ ] they shall not attain the paths of life. You shall en[ter ] [ ]those wounded by the serpe[nt shall be] put to death[ ]

Frg. 16 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Shall her remnant [ ?] in which the wise have erred[ ] and [they] la[id] traps[ men of] blood kill[ed ] [ ]with infidelity and oppression [ ]house and doo[rs ]

Frg. 17 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [

]his [ ]charcoal[ ] ]they were filled with li[es ] the ven]om of asps mel[ted ] they] prevailed around [ ] ]in the brightness of [l]ight and [

Frg. 18 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

]you be ensnared[ ] ]with the abominations[ ] ]you arose[ ] ]and through impurity of heart[

Frg. 19 1. [ 2. [

]being born[ ] you] will be joyous[

]

]

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪258‬‬

‫אלוהים]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִות‬ ‫[ המשטמה]‬ ‫ע[ל העוון ה]זה‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 20‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫אש]‬ ‫ֵב ִר ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ו ֵ‬ ‫דרך]‬ ‫[ ֵה ִלהולכי ִ‬ ‫ולה ֵש ֵמ]יע‬ ‫תקרא ֵ‬ ‫ֵם ִ‬ ‫ש[ ִל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 21‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ואתרפ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שכים‬ ‫מ[ ִח ִ‬ ‫[ ֵזֵעומי אלוהים תמ]‬ ‫תשמ]יע[ֵם]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ר[שעים‬ ‫תבחר]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ וזמה‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ע ב ֵו יתרוממו ויתהלכו]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬דים המגוללים בסאו ֵן]‬ ‫[רבו מקורה מקור ]‬ ‫ובארך ]אפים‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ב[ ֵקבוץ חרון‬ ‫וזעמ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[ ֵנֵכון‬ ‫‪Frg. 22‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵמ ִה]‬ ‫וִא ִוִ אלי ה‪]°‬‬ ‫עו[ ֵשי זמה ִב ִ ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬התלוננו יחד ול‪]°‬‬ ‫הל]וא‬ ‫רש[ ֵע יתגוללו ‪ֵ vacat‬‬ ‫ב[ ֵהדריו אקבוץ חר ִו ֵן]‬ ‫וב ֵמ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵיֵשובון ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 23‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫אל ֵו]הים‬ ‫אח ִזו תכמי מלפני ֵ‬ ‫נחרצת)?(]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אתנודד וביום‬ ‫ולרדת אל ירכתי בור ול‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫חכ]ם‬ ‫בכור חרון ‪ vacat‬כי אני ִ‬ ‫ערמת]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫צוה אל באנשי‬ ‫חוכמה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בעדם מדעת‬ ‫באמר ֵי]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הפך פן יהגו‬ ‫געלתי ובאנשי לצו ִן ]‬ ‫צדק וכצור מכ]שול‬ ‫ִכ ֵי זעמני אל ]‬ ‫וד[ ֵב ֵר ֵא]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫)כ(אשר[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q525 3. [ 4. [ 5. [

] of God[ ] ] of Hatred[ ] u]pon th[is] iniquity[

259

]

Frg. 20 1. [ 2. [ 3. [

]and at the head of[ ] t]o those that walk in the way[ ] p]eace you shall decree and to procl[aim

]

Frg. 21 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

]thick darkness and I will [ ] ]those cursed of God [ ] evi]l-doers you shall make [h]ear[ ] ] and you shall choose depravity[ ] ]through him they shall be raised up and walk[ ] ]the drenched clothing with the tread of[ ] ]they dev[astat]ed her source, the source of[ ] with] gathering of wrath and with great pa[tience ] ]steadfast[ ]and wrath[ ]

Frg. 22 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

[ [ [ [ [ [

] d]oers of perversity, come to me [ ] ] they lodged together and [ ] ]they shall be sullied by evil ways. vacat Is it n[ot in] his glory, I will gather wrath[ ] ]they will return and in [ ]

Frg. 23 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

they held its entrails before G[od ] I flee. And on the day designated [ ] so as to go down to the depths of the pit and to [ ] in the fiery furnace. vacat For I am wi[se ] God commanded men of cunning [ ] on behalf of them, from the knowledge of wisdom [ ] turn about, lest they meditate upon the sayings of[ ] I have abhorred, and with scornful men [ ] righteousness, and as a rock of st[umbling ] For God has denounced me [ ] [and sp]oke [ ]

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 24 Col. i‬‬

‫[‪°‬ר‬ ‫[‪°‬חות‬ ‫[י‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 24 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫אמרה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ונ[ ֵבון תביע‬ ‫ור ִמ]יה‬ ‫לבב האזינו לי ִ‬ ‫הכינותי ושתו מ ֵי] בור‪/‬מקור)?(‬ ‫ביתי ֵב ִיִת ‪]°‬‬ ‫בה]‬ ‫ביתי שוכן ֵ‬ ‫עולם יצעדו]‬ ‫יקב ֵו]צו‬ ‫אוספיו ִ‬ ‫שרף וכול שות‪]°‬‬ ‫באר מימי מע]ין‬

‫[‬ ‫אשר[‬ ‫כי[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 25‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[ ֵאת ‪]°‬‬ ‫ב[ ֵנֵי בל]יעל‬ ‫תהל]ך‬ ‫מ[ ֵז ִֵקינים ֵ‬ ‫ומ ֵא]ומה אין בכיס‬ ‫אל תהי זולל וסו[ ִבא ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 26‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°°°‬‬ ‫פתאוִם ב‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬משחית כחומ]ס‬ ‫ע[ ִנִ קי הדר ‪] vacat‬‬ ‫[אבנט ִש]ש‬ ‫[‪°‬ט]‬ ‫‪Frg. 27‬‬

‫[י ענוה י]‬ ‫[ם תתהלך ]‬ ‫[‪°‬ך ולוא ֵיֵע‪]°‬‬ ‫תמים‪ֵ/‬ם]‬ ‫[‪°‬אנשי ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Frg. 28‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[הבר ִא]‬ ‫[ ֵוֵכמ ִי צו]ר‬ ‫י[ ֵד חזק מ]‬ ‫ועופר]ת‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫בר[ ֵזֵל‬ ‫ש[וב עול ִו]‬ ‫[לפ‪]°‬‬

4Q525

261

Frg. 24 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

[and wi]se you utter word[s ] heart listen to Me, and dec[eit which] I established and they shall drink water[ of the spring My house is a house of [ ] My house. The one who dwells in it[ ] forever. And they shall go [ ] those that gather it shall assem[ble ] he has burned. And all those who drin[k ] the well of the waters of the sp[ring ]

]

Frg. 25 2. [ 3. [ 4. [

so]ns of Bel[ial ] the b]earded you shall visi[t ] Be not a glutton and drun]kard, having noth[ing in your purse

Frg. 26 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [

]suddenly [ ] ] of an exterminator like him who destro[ys the ne]cklaces of jewels. vacat [ ]a belt of li[nen ]

Frg. 27 1. 2. 3. 4.

[ [ [ [

] of the humility [ ] ] you will walk [ ] ] and they will not [ ] ] the men of perfect[ behaviour

]

Frg. 28 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

[ [ [ [ [

to ]select [ ] ]and like the waters of the ro[ck ] the ha]nd of a stronger one than[ ] ir]on and lea[d ] to d]o injustice and[ ]

]

]

‫‪A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS‬‬

‫‪262‬‬

‫‪Frg. 29‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫[‪ִ°‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫רגל והתחזק ִו ]‬ ‫במשכנותי הא]לוהים‬ ‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫‪]°°°‬‬

‫‪Frg. 30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫עם כו]ל‬ ‫התעודה]‬ ‫בחסד ֵו]‬ ‫לכול דו]רות‬

‫‪Frg. 31‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫מל ִי ]‬ ‫ש[ ִמעו ִ‬ ‫ועתה‬ ‫המלאים]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ִתי‬ ‫תרבית]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כ[ ִלא‬

‫‪Frg. 32‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬מ ֵש]‬ ‫ותציל ֵנ]‬ ‫[פשע ִ‬ ‫[ ִממות ]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 33‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫תנחל ֵו]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ם‬ ‫ל[ ֵוֵא תירא ֵו]‬

‫‪Frg. 34‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫ִא]‬ ‫מש]‬ ‫לש]‬ ‫וִִ ִ‬ ‫ִל]‬

‫‪Frg. 36‬‬

‫‪Frg. 35‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[?]‬ ‫[מסכת ֵי]‬ ‫[ ִלי הש]‬

‫שיכ ִה]‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[‪ °‬מה ִח]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 38‬‬

‫‪Frg. 37‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ִמנכה]‬ ‫[ִמ‪]°‬‬

‫[ים]‬ ‫[ ִהיום]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 39‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫פנים]‬ ‫[ ֵל ִ‬ ‫[הז ֵו]את‬

‫‪Frg. 40‬‬

‫[ ל ‪]°‬‬ ‫היה]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 41‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫רומ]‬ ‫[ ִת ִ‬ ‫[יני]‬

‫‪Frg. 42‬‬

‫[ ִיִעול ֵו]‬ ‫[ִה]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 43‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪ֵ°[ ]°‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫למ[ען ישמ ִו]ר‬ ‫[זה]‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬

‫‪Frg. 44‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ול‪]°‬‬

‫‪(?)2‬‬

‫‪vacat/ margin‬‬

4Q525 Frg. 29

Frg. 30 1. 2. 3. 4.

with al[l ] the instruction[ ] with piety and[ ] for all gene[rations

2. the foot and be strong [ ] 3. in the dwelling-place of G[od

Frg. 31 ]sin and you will save u[s ]from death [ ]

]

1. And now l]isten to my words [ 2. [ ] the reserves[ ] 3. [ el]iminate interest[ ]

Frg. 33

Frg. 34

1. [ 2. [ 3. and to [

] you will inherit[ ] ]you will [n]ot fear[ ]

]

Frg. 35

Frg. 36 2. [

]

]

Frg. 32 2. [ 3. [

263

] what [

]

2. [ 3. [

]I have mixed[ ] the[ ]

]

Frg. 38 2. [

]the day[

]

Frg. 39

Frg. 40 2. [

]he will be[

1. [ 2. [

]

Frg. 42 1. [

]at first[ ] ]th[is ]

Frg. 41 ]they do wrong[

Frg. 44 1. and[

]

1. [

]you will be rai[sed up

Frg. 43 ] 2. [ 3. [

s]o he will kee[p ]this[ ]

]

]

]

264

A. SAPIENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Frg. 46

Frg. 45

]‫עש‬ ֵ [ ]‫[ ִי ִִש‬

1 2

Frg. 48

1

] ]

2 3

Frg. 47

]‫[ִה‬ ] ‫[יו‬ ]°[

]‫[רוח‬ ]°[

1 2

1 2

3

Frg. 50

‫[ת‬

‫ת‬°[ [ ‫[בן‬

Frg. 49 1

]‫[ ִמ ִת ִב‬ ]‫[ ִורה‬

1 2

Additional Fragment

]‫חכמ‬ ִ ‫י‬°[ ]‫[ֵל‬

1 2

4Q525

265

Frg. 47 1. [

]spirit[

]

Additional Fragment 1. [

] wise[

]

‫‪266‬‬

‫‪B. COLLECTION OF PROVERBS‬‬

‫‪4Q424 (4QInstruction-like Composition B) ed. S. Tanzer,‬‬ ‫‪DJD XXXVI‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[ִם]‬ ‫פורס ֵא]ל [‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵך ‪ vacat‬עם‬ ‫[ִכ] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫היא ]‬ ‫[ חיץ ִיִבחר לבנ ִיִתה ותפל טח קירו גם ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫מתמ]ו[ ִטט אל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫]מ[ ֵסתר מפני זרם ‪ vacat‬עם נעלם אל תקח חוק ‪ vacat‬ועם‬ ‫תבוא בכור כי כעופרת כן ינתך ולא יעמוד לפני אש ‪[ ] vacat‬‬ ‫דבר] [‬ ‫ביד עצל אל תפקד אט כי לא יצניע מלאכתך ואל תשלח ֵ‬ ‫תאמ]ר ממנו[‬ ‫לקח כי לא יפלס כל ארחותיך ‪ vacat‬איש תלונה אל ֵ‬ ‫[‬ ‫תאמ]ין‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לקחת הון למחסורך ‪ vacat‬איש לוז שפתים אל‬ ‫[‬ ‫משפט ך הלוז ילוז בשפתיו אחר אמת לא ירצה ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫בה ֵו]נך‬ ‫בפרי שפתו ‪ vacat‬איש רע עין אל תמשל ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫ִיִתכן שארכה לחפצך ‪ֵ ° °[ ]°‬ט ֵר למותיר ֵי]‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובעת קבץ ימצא חנף ‪ vacat‬קצר אפ ֵי]ם אל‬ ‫[‬ ‫פתיים כי בלע יבלעם ‪ vacat‬איש]‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[‪]°° °°‬‬ ‫ט[ ֵה ִרהו מעוון משפט א]ל[ ומת ִו]עבות‬ ‫חנ[ף אל תערבהו בתוך ענו]י‬ ‫יח]י[דו] [איש א]‬ ‫[ ִן ובן יונה ֵ‬ ‫לה ֵו ‪]°‬‬ ‫תמ]שי[ ֵ‬ ‫אב[ ֵיֵונים אל ֵ‬ ‫[ֵל]א [יעשה ]‬

4Q424

267

B. COLLECTION OF PROVERBS

4Q424 (4QInstruction-like Composition B) trans. S. Tanzer Frg. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

] [ ] [ ] vacat With a separatist do no[t ] [ ] fit a party-wall to its structure and smear with plaster the surface thereof (i.e. of the wall); even it (i.e. the booth) [ ] [sh]elter from before a rainstorm. vacat With a dissembler do not have a portion, vacat and with one who strays do not go into the furnace, for like lead so will he be melted and will not resist the fire. vacat [ ] Into the hand of one who is stupid do not entrust a secret, for he will not keep private your affairs; and do not entrust a message[ ] to a dullard for he will not help all your affairs along. vacat A man who is always complaining about his luck, do not exp[ect from him] to receive money when you are in need. vacat A man who is devious of lips do not tr[ust ] a judgement in your favour; surely he will be devious in his speech; after the truth he will not run, [ ] by the fruit of his lips. vacat A man who is greedy (lit. ‘of evil eye’) do not put in a position of authority over your we[alth ] will he mete out your surplus to your satisfaction, but [ ] for those who have more than enough[ ] and in the time of harvesting he will be found a hypocrite. vacat One short of tem[per do not ] the simple for certainly will he destroy them. vacat A man (who) [ ]

Frg. 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

pu]rify him from guilt that leads to the judgement of G[od], and from ab[ominations Who is a hypo]crite, do not give surety for him among the poo[r ] and ?[ ]A man who [ the poo]r, do not set him in authority [ ]he will no[t] do [

‫‪B. COLLECTION OF PROVERBS‬‬

‫‪268‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫[ ִלא ִי ִִעשה פעלתו איש שופט בטרם ידרוש ומאמין בטרם ]‬

‫ובמשקל]‬ ‫[‬ ‫אל תמשילהו ברודפי דעת כי לא יבין משפטם להצדיק צדיק ולהרשיע ֵר]שע[‬ ‫גם הוא יהיה לבוז ‪ vacat‬איש שוע עינים אל תשלח לחזות לישרים כ ֵי]‬ ‫[‬ ‫לרוח] [‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫כבד אזן אל תשלח לדרוש משפט כי ריב אנשים לא יפלס כזורה‬ ‫אשר לא תבר כן דובר לאזן אשר איננה שומעת ומספר לנם נרדם ברוח ֵש] [‬ ‫איש שמן לב אל תשלח לכרות מחשבות כי נסתרה חכמת לבו ולוא ימשול‬ ‫ב]ה [‬ ‫חכמת ידיו לא ימצא ‪ vacat‬איש שכל יקבל ֵמוס]ר[ ‪ vacat‬איש ידע יפ ֵיֵק‬ ‫[‬ ‫חכמה ]‬ ‫איש ישר ירצה במשפט ‪ vacat‬איש אמת יש]מח במש[ ִל ‪ vacat‬איש חיל יקנא‬ ‫[‬ ‫ל‪]°‬‬ ‫רחמ]ים יעש[ֵה] [ ִצדקה לאביו ֵנ‪]°‬‬ ‫]וה[ ֵוֵא בעל ריב לכול מסיגי גבול ] [ איש ֵ‬ ‫לכ]ו[ל חסרי הון בני צדק]‬ ‫] [‪ִ °‬דאג ֵ‬ ‫[‪°°‬ר בכול הון]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫]‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ֵת ִש]‬ ‫כלי]‬ ‫אל]‬

‫‪Unidentified Fragments‬‬ ‫‪Frg. A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ֵ °°‬י ִֵא]‬ ‫[ל]‬ ‫‪Frg. B‬‬ ‫‪This fragment contains traces of several letters on two lines.‬‬

4Q424

269

Frg. 3 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

and by weight (grudgingly?) he will not do his work. A man who passes judgement before investigating, or who trusts (the witness) before [ ] do not set him up in authority over those who pursue knowledge: for he will not be able to discern properly the judgement due in their case, to declare righteous the righteous and declare wicked the w[icked,] also he will become despised. vacat A man whose eyes are smeared over do not send to spy out (the way) for the upright, for [ ] who is dull of hearing do not send to investigate a case, for a dispute among men he will not smooth out, like one who winnows in a wind[ ] that cannot purify (grain?), so is one who speaks to an ear which is not able to hear, and who tells a tale to one who is asleep in a spirit of [ ] A man of unreceptive mind do not send to devise plots, for the wisdom of his mind is hidden away, nor can he control i[t ] the cunning of his hands he cannot find out. vacat A man of intelligence accepts instruc[tion.] vacat A man of knowledge obtains wisdom.[ ] A man of uprightness takes delight in justice. vacat A man of truth re[joices in a prov]erb. vacat A man of substance is zealous for [ ] [and h]e is an adversary to all who ‘move the boundary.’ A man of generosit[y perfo]rms charity for the poor [ ] [ ] he takes care of all who lack property; the sons of righteousness [ ] ] in all wealth[ ]

‫‪270‬‬

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬

‫‪Treatise of the Two Spirits‬‬ ‫‪1QS(erekh) III 13–IV 26, ed. M. Abegg; for the other segments of‬‬ ‫‪1QS, see the TOC‬‬ ‫‪Col. III‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪ vacat‬למשכיל להבין וללמד את כול בני אור בתולדות כול בני איש‬ ‫לכול מיני רוחותם באותותם למעשיהם בדורותם ולפקודת נגועיהם עם‬ ‫קצי שלומם מאל הדעות כול הויה ונהייה ולפני היותם הכין כול מחשבתם‬ ‫ובהיותם לתעודותם כמחשבת כבודו ימלאו פעולתם ואין להשנות בידו‬ ‫משפטי כול והואה יכלכלם בכול חפציהם והואה ברא אנוש לממשלת‬ ‫תבל וישם לו שתי רוחות להתהלכ בם עד מועד פקודתו הנה רוחות‬ ‫האמת והעול במעון אור תולדות האמת וממקור חושך תולדות העול‬ ‫ביד שר אורים ממשלת כול בני צדק בדרכי אור יתהלכו וביד מלאך‬ ‫חושכ כול ממשלת בני עול ובדרכי חושכ יתהלכו ובמלאך חושך תעות‬ ‫כול בני צדק וכול חטאתם ועונותם ואשמתם ופשעי מעשיהם בממשלתו‬ ‫לפי רזי אל עד קצו וכול נגועיהם ומועדי צרותם בממשלת משטמתו‬ ‫וכול רוחי גורלו להכשיל בני אור ואל ישראל ומלאכ אמתו עזר לכול‬ ‫בני אור והואה ברא רוחות אור וחושכ ועליהון יסד כול מעשה‬ ‫ודה אחת אהב אל לכול‬ ‫ֵל] [‪°‬הן כול עבודה ועל דרכיהן ]כו[ ִל ] [‪ִ °‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. IV‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫עדי עולמים ובכול עלילותיה ירצה לעד אחת תעב סודה וכול דרכיה שנא‬ ‫לנצח ‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ואלה דרכיהן בתבל להאיר בלבב איש ולישר לפניו כול דרכי צדק‬ ‫אמת ולפחד לבבו במשפטי‬

1QS

271

C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES

Treatise of the Two Spirits 1QS(erekh) III 13–IV 26, trans. M. Wise, M. Abegg, and E. Cook; for the other segments of 1QS, see the TOC Col. III 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

24. 25. 26.

vacat A text belonging to the Instructor, who is to enlighten and teach all the Sons of Light about the character and fate of humankind: all their spiritual varieties with accompanying signs, all their deeds generation by generation, and their visitation for afflictions together with eras of peace. All that is now and ever shall be originates with the God of knowledge. Before things come to be, He has ordered all their designs, so that when they do come to exist—at their appointed times as ordained by His glorious plan—they fulfill their destiny, a destiny impossible to change. He controls the laws governing all things, and He provides for all their pursuits. He created humankind to rule over the world, appointing for them two spirits in which to walk until the time ordained for His visitation. These are the spirits of truth and falsehood. Upright character and fate originate with the Habitation of Light; perverse, with the Fountain of Darkness. The authority of the Prince of Light extends to the governance of all righteous people; therefore, they walk in the paths of light. Correspondingly, the authority of the Angel of Darkness embraces the governance of all wicked people, so they walk in the paths of darkness. The authority of the Angel of Darkness further extends to the corruption of all the righteous. All their sins, iniquities, shameful and rebellious deeds are at his prompting, a situation God in His mysteries allows to continue until His era dawns. Moreover, all the afflictions of the righteous, and every trial in its season, occur because of this Angel’s diabolic rule. All the spirits allied with him share but a single resolve: to cause the Sons of Light to stumble. Yet the God of Israel (and the Angel of His Truth) assist all the Sons of Light. It is actually He who created the spirits of light and darkness, making them the cornerstone of every deed, their [ ] the premise of [eve]ry [ ]. God’s love for one spirit

Col. IV 1. 2.

lasts forever. He will be pleased with its actions for always. The counsel of the other, however, He abhors, hating its every impulse for all time. vacat vacat Upon earth their operations are these: one enlightens a man’s mind, making straight before him the paths of true righteousness and causing his heart to fear the laws

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪272‬‬

‫אל ורוח ענוה ואורך אפים ורוב רחמים וטוב עולמים ושכל ובינה וחכמת‬ ‫גבורה מאמנת בכול‬ ‫מעשי אל ונשענת ברוב חסדו ורוח דעת בכול מחשבת מעשה וקנאת‬ ‫משפטי צדק ומחשבת‬ ‫קודש ביצר סמוכ ורוב חסדים על כול בני אמת וטהרת כבוד מתעב כול‬ ‫גלולי נדה והצנע לכת‬ ‫אמת תבל‬ ‫בערמת כול וחבא לאמת רזי דעת ‪ vacat‬אלה סודי רוח לבני ֵ‬ ‫ופקודת כול הולכי בה למרפא‬ ‫ורוב שלום באורכ ימים ופרות זרע עם כול ברכות עד ושמחת עולמים בחיי‬ ‫נצח וכליל כבוד‬ ‫עם מדת הדר באור עולמים ‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪ vacat‬ולרוח עולה רחוב נפש ושפול ידים בעבודת צדק רשע ושקר גוה ורום‬ ‫לבב כחש ורמיה אכזרי‬ ‫ורוב חנפ קצור אפים ורוב אולת וקנאת זדון מעשי תועבה ברוח זנות ודרכי‬ ‫נדה בעבודת טמאה‬ ‫ולשון גדופים עורון עינים וכבוד אוזן קושי עורפ וכיבוד לב ללכת בכול‬ ‫דרכי חושכ וערמת רוע ופקודת‬ ‫כול הולכי בה לרוב נגועים ביד כול מלאכי חבל לשחת עולמים באפ עברת‬ ‫אל נקמ}ות{>ה< לזעות נצח וחרפת‬ ‫עד עמ כלמת כלה באש מחשכים וכול קציהם לדורותם באבל יגון ורעת‬ ‫מרורים בהויות חושכ עד‬ ‫כלותם לאין שרית ופליטה למו ‪vacat‬‬ ‫‪ vacat‬באלה תולדות כול בני איש ובמפלגיהן ינחלו כול צבאותם לדורותם‬ ‫ובדרכיהן יתהלכו וכול פעולת‬ ‫מעשיהם במפלגיהן לפי נחלת איש בין רוב למועט לכול קצי עולמים כיא‬ ‫אל שמן בד בבד עד קצ‬ ‫אחרון ויתן איבת עולם בין מפלגותם תועבת אמת עלילות עולה ותועבת‬ ‫עולה כול דרכי אמת וקנאת‬ ‫ריב על כול משפטיהן כיא לוא יחד יתהלכו ואל ברזי שכלו ובחכמת כבודו‬ ‫נתן קצ להיות עולה ובמועד‬ ‫פקודה ישמידנה לעד ואז תצא לנצח אמת תבל כיא התגוללה בדרכי רשע‬ ‫בממשלת עולה עד‬ ‫מועד משפט נחרצה ואז יברר אל באמתו כול מעשי גבר יזקק לו מבני איש‬ ‫להתם כול רוח עולה מתכמי‬

1QS 3. 4. 5.

6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12.

13.

14. 15.

16.

17.

18.

19. 20.

273

of God. This spirit engenders humility, patience, abundant compassion, perpetual goodness, insight, understanding, and powerful wisdom resonating to each of God’s deeds, sustained by His constant faithfulness. It engenders a spirit knowledgeable in every plan of action, zealous for the laws of righteousness, holy in its thoughts and steadfast in purpose. This spirit encourages plenteous compassion upon all who hold fast to truth, and glorious purity combined with visceral hatred of impurity in its every guise. It results in humble deportment allied with a general discernment, concealing the truth, that is, the mysteries of knowledge. vacat To these ends is the earthly counsel of the spirit to those whose nature yearns for truth. Through a gracious visitation all who walk in this spirit will know healing, bountiful peace, long life and multiple progeny, followed by eternal blessings and perpetual joy through life everlasting. They will receive a crown of glory with a robe of honour, resplendent forever and ever. vacat vacat The operations of the spirit of falsehood result in greed, neglect of righteous deeds, wickedness, lying, pride and haughtiness, cruel deceit and fraud, massive hypocrisy, a want of self-control and abundant foolishness, a zeal for arrogance, abominable deeds fashioned by whorish desire, lechery in its filthy manifestation, a reviling tongue, blind eyes, deaf ears, stiff neck and hard heart-to the end of walking in all the ways of darkness and evil cunning. The judgement of all who walk in such ways will be multiple afflictions at the hand of all the angels of perdition, everlasting damnation in the wrath of God’s furious vengeance, neverending terror and reproach for all eternity, with a shameful extinction in the fire of Hell’s outer darkness. For all their eras, generation by generation, they will know doleful sorrow, bitter evil and dark happenstance, until their utter destruction with neither remnant nor rescue. vacat vacat The character and fate of all humankind reside with these spirits. All the hosts of humanity, generation by generation, are heirs to these spiritual divisions, walking according to their ways; the outworking of every deed inheres in these divisions according to each person’s spiritual heritage, whether great or small, for every age of eternity. God has appointed these spirits as equals until the last age, and set an everlasting enmity between their divisions. False deeds are thus an abomination to the truth, whereas all the ways of truth are for perversity equally a disgrace. Fierce dispute attends every point of decision, for they can never agree. In his mysterious insight and glorious wisdom God has countenanced an era in which perversity triumphs, but at the time appointed for visitation He shall destroy such forever. Then shall truth come forth in victory upon the earth. Sullied by wicked ways while perversity rules, at the time of the appointed judgement truth shall be decreed. By His truth God shall then purify all human deeds, and refine some of humanity so as to extinguish every perverse spirit from the inward parts

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪274‬‬

‫בשרו ולטהרו ברוח קודש מכול עלילות רשעה ויז עליו רוח אמת כמי נדה‬ ‫מכול תועבות שקר והתגולל‬ ‫ברוח נדה להבין ישרים בדעת עליון וחכמת בני שמים להשכיל תמימי דרכ‬ ‫כיא בם בחר אל לברית עולמים‬ ‫ולהם כול כבוד אדם ואין עולה יהיה לבושת כול מעשי רמיה עד הנה יריבו‬ ‫רוחי אמת ועול בלבב גבר‬ ‫יתהלכו בחכמה ואולת וכפי נחלת איש באמת יצדק וכן ישנא עולה וכירשתו‬ ‫בגורל עול ירשע בו וכן‬ ‫יתעב אמת כיא בד בבד שמן אל עד קצ נחרצה ועשות חדשה והואה ידע‬ ‫פעולת מעשיהן לכול קצי‬ ‫]מועד[ן וינחילן לבני איש לדעת טוב ] ו[ ִל]ה[פיל גורלות לכול חי לפי רוחו‬ ‫ב‪ֵ [ ]°‬הפקודה‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪4Q185 (4QSapiential Work) ed. J. M. Allegro, DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫[ ֵכ ֵי ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵטהור וקדוש]‬ ‫]‬ ‫[מתו ו ‪]°°°°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫מים]‬ ‫פע ִ‬ ‫[ש ועד עשר ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫וא ִי ִִןִ מקוה‬ ‫[ואין כח לעמוד לפניה ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ומי יכלכל לעמוד לפני מלאכיו כי כאש‬ ‫ל‪]°°‬‬ ‫[כי ה ֵנֵה‬ ‫ישפט]ו [י רוחתיו ואתם בני אדם א]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫להבה‬ ‫נשב]ה [רוחו‬ ‫ופרח כציץ חסדו ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫מארצו‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫כח]צ[יר יצמח‬ ‫[‪°‬ד‬ ‫רוִ ח עד א ֵייֵקום לע]‬ ‫ויבש ‪ °°°‬וציצו תשא ִ‬ ‫ולא ימצא ֵמרוח ‪ִ vac‬יִבקשוהו ולא ימצאהו ואין מקוה‬ ‫והוא כצל י‪ °°°‬על הא ֵו]ר [ ועתה שמעו נא עמי והשכילו‬ ‫לי פתאום ‪ֵ °‬תמו מן ] ח[בורת אלהים ִיִזכרו נפלאים עשה‬ ‫[‪ °‬יערץ לבבכם מפני פחדו‬ ‫ומופת ִיִוִִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫במצרים‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q185 21.

22.

23.

24.

25. 26.

275

of the flesh, cleansing from every wicked deed by a holy spirit. Like purifying waters, He shall sprinkle each with a spirit of truth, effectual against all the abominations of lying and sullying by unclean spirit. Thereby He shall give the upright insight into the knowledge of the Most High and the wisdom of the angels, making wise those following the perfect way. Indeed, God has chosen them for an eternal covenant; all the glory of Adam shall be theirs alone. Perversity shall be extinct, every fraudulent deed put to shame. Until now the spirits of truth and perversity have contended within the human heart. All people walk in both wisdom and foolishness. As is a person’s endowment of truth and righteousness, so shall he hate perversity; conversely, in proportion to bequest in the lot of evil, one will act wickedly and abominate truth. God has appointed these spirits as equals until the time of decree and renewal. He foreknows the outworking of their deeds for all the ages [of eternity. ] He has granted them dominion over humanity, so imparting knowledge of good [and evil, de]ciding the fate of every living being by the measure of which spirit predominates in [ ] visitation.

4Q185 (4QSapiential Work) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frgs. 1–2 Col. i 4.

] pure and holy [

6. ] unto ten times [ 7. ] and no strength to stand before her and no hope 8. to [ ] and who can endure to stand before his angels, for like a flame 9. of fire they will judge [ ] his spirits; but ye, sons of men, [ ] for behold 10. like grass it springs from its earth and bears fruit; like a blossom is his mercy: his wind blo[ws] 11. and [ ] dries up, and the wind whisks its blossom away into oblivion [ ] 12. and it shall not be found from the wind. vacat They shall seek it but not find it, and there will be no hope. 13. Like a shadow it [ ] against the li[ght]. And now listen, my people, pay attention 14. to me. Suddenly [ ] be destroyed by the [chast]isement of God, they shall remember the wonders he did 15. in Egypt and his portents [ ] your hearts [ ] terrified before his visitation.

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬

‫‪276‬‬ ‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫נ[ ֵפשכם כחסדיו הטבים חקרו לכם דרך‬ ‫ועשו ֵר‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵלשארית לבניכם אחריכם ולמה תתנו‬ ‫מסלה]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫לחיים‬ ‫יצל תמרו דברי יהוה‬ ‫מ[ ִשפט שמעתי בני ֵ‬ ‫לשא‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] [ ֵכם‬ ‫ו‬ ‫י[ ֵע ֵקב ִח ִתימה חקק לישחק הלוא טב יום‬ ‫תצעדו]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫אל‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬י ֵֵראתו ולא לעתת מפחד ומפח יקוש‬ ‫מעשר]ה‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫אחד] [‪°°°‬‬ ‫מלאכיו כי אין חשך‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ולה‪ [ ]°°‬מן‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫ואתםה‬ ‫[יעי ידעתי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°‬ה הוא ‪]°°‬‬ ‫י‪]°°°‬‬ ‫רעה לכל עם אשרי אדם נתנה לו‬ ‫[לפניו תצא ֵ‬ ‫מה ת‪]°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬דם ואל ֵיֵתהלל]ו[ ֵרשעים ֵל ֵאמור לא ֵי ִֵמ ִנִה‬ ‫ִמ ֵן א‪]°‬‬ ‫ימדה ֵו ֵֵכל עמ ֵו ֵגֵאל‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ומ ֵמ ֵד]ת ט[ב‬ ‫[לישראל ֵ‬ ‫לי ולא]‬ ‫יש ֵאנה] [שה‬ ‫המתמ‪°°°‬בה ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[יאמר‬ ‫אב]‬ ‫[ ֵ‬ ‫והרג ש‪]°°°°‬‬ ‫ורשף ע ֵי ֵנ ֵיֵם ושמחת לבב ע‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[מים‬ ‫ִלה ועמה]‬ ‫בה ִיכ ִי ֵ‬ ‫ומצאה ֵו‪ֵ °[ ]°‬‬ ‫על] [ו] [‬ ‫[‪ °°‬אשרי אדם יעשנה ולא יאל ִ‬ ‫ויש ֵוֵע ֵוֵת ‪]°‬‬ ‫וחסדיו ֵעלמיה ֵ‬ ‫ירשנה] [‪[ ]°°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ֵח ִזִ יקנה כן תתן לאבתיוִִ כן‬ ‫לא ֵי ֵ‬ ‫מרמה לא יבקשנה ובחלקות ִ‬ ‫חק ֵר ויורישנה לצאצאיו ידעתי לעמ] ש[וב‬ ‫בכל עוז כחו ובכל ] [‪°‬ו לאין ֵ‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Col. iii‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫אל ֵיֵה כי ִפ ֵנֵי]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ית‪]°‬‬ ‫ומ ֵמ ִא ֵוֵרות ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ומ‪]°‬‬

‫‪4–6‬‬

‫‪] vacat‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ה‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫והוא]‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם]‬ ‫ו‪ֵ °‬א ֵע]‬ ‫[ם עשה לבית ֵו וי‪]°‬‬ ‫הל‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫חד ִרי בטן ויחפש כלות ִו]‬ ‫אל ֵכל ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ידים]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לשון ֵיֵודע דברה אלהים עשה‬ ‫[ ִטוב ואם ִד‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ֵבמחש]בות‬ ‫]‬

4Q185

277

Col. ii 1. and they shall do [ ] your [sou]ls according to his good mercies, they have sought out for you a way, 2. for life a high road [ ] for a remnant, for your children after you. And why do you give 3. your [ ] to [ ju]dgement. I have heard, my children, ‘Let him deliver!’ Ye rebel against the words of Yahweh; 4. do not step [ Ja]cob the formula he inscribed for Isaac: ‘is not one 5. day [ ] better than ten [ to] fear him, and not for periods from punishment and the fowler’s snare [ 6. [ ] his angels for there is no darkness 7. [ ] I have knowledge; and ye, 8. what [ ] before him there shall go out evil to all people. Happy is the man to whom is given 9. from [ ] And let not the wicked boast, saying, it shall not be accounted 10. to me and not [ ] to Israel, and with the meas[ure of good]ness he will measure her and all his people [he will] redeem, 11. but he will slay those [ ] says: She who [ ] herself he will lift up [ ] 12. and will find her [ ] by her he will sustain her and with her [ ] and sparkling eyes and joyful heart [ ] 13. and his mercies her youth and the salvation [ ]. Happy is the man who does it and is not willing [ ] 14. deceit he does not seek her and with flatteries does not apprehend her: as she is given to his fathers, so shall he inherit her [ ] 15. with all the power of his strength and with all his immeasurable [ ], and he shall give her as an inheritance to his offspring. I have knowledge concerning [ ]

Col. iii 1. 2.

to her for the face of [ ] and from the luminaries [

4-6. vacat [

11. [ ] he has done to his house and [ ] 12. to all the innermost parts of the body, and he sought his destruction[ ] 13. the tongue of Him Who Knows has spoken: God made the hands[ ] 14. [ ] good, and if [ 15. [ ] with devi[ces

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬

‫‪278‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪ֵ [ ]°‬ם ִכ‪]°‬‬ ‫אל[הים יבחן כל‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬עשה דברי ברי]ת‬ ‫במסורת]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ש[פט‬ ‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫לעול]ם‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬וטי ‪ °°°‬ויש‪]°°‬‬ ‫[קודש‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬

‫ול ֵע ֵמי]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ונריבה ו‪]°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 5‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ו‪]°‬‬ ‫מיפ]‬ ‫הד‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫[‪ֵ°‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[וה‪°°‬אתי א‪]°‬‬ ‫[ב‪]°°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫)‪4Q298 (4QcryptA Words of the Maskil to All Sons of Dawn‬‬ ‫‪ed. S. J. Pfann and M. Kister, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫]דבר[ֵי משכיל אשר דבר לכול בני שחר האזי]נו לי כ[ול אנשי לבב‬ ‫ומב ֵקשי אמונה ֵש]מע[ ֵו ִלמלי בכול‬ ‫]ורוד[ ִפי צדק הבי]נ[ ִו במלי ֵ‬ ‫שיב]ו לאורח [ ִחיים ִא]נשי[‬ ‫דר]ש[ֵו] א[ ִל ִה וה ֵ‬ ‫שפ ֵת]י וי[ ֵדעים ִ‬ ‫וצא ִ‬ ‫]מ[ ֵ‬ ‫עולמ ִי]ם לאין[ חקר ִב]‬ ‫רצו[ ִנו ֵו]אור [ ִ‬ ‫[ ִי ִִה]‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬י ִֵב ִט ע]‬

‫‪Frg. 2 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫שורשיה ִי ִִצ]או‬ ‫מת]חת‬ ‫בתהום ִ‬ ‫התב ֵוֵנן ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪Frgs. 3–4 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[זבול‬ ‫[ ִל ובמה‬ ‫[ עפר‬ ‫[נתן אל‬

4Q298

279

Frg. 3 2. 3. 4.

Go]d will try every [ ]he fulfills the terms of the covena[nt he ju]dged in the bond of[

Frg. 4 Col. i 1. 2. 3.

] for eve[r ] and [ ]holy

Col. ii and to my people[ let us quarrel [

Frg. 6 2.

[ ]and I [

4Q298 (4QcryptA Words of the Maskil to All Sons of Dawn) trans. S. J. Pfann and M. Kister Frgs. 1–2 Col. i 1. [Word]s of a Maskil which he spoke to all Sons of Dawn. <written in the square script> Lend your ea[r to me, a]ll men of understanding; 2. [and you who pur]sue righteousness, do understa[n]d my words; and you who seek truth, li[st]en to my words in all 3. that [is]sues from [my] lips. [And those who k]now, have pur[s]ued [the]se things and have turn[ed to the way] of life, O m[en of] 4. His [wi]ll and etern[al light beyond] comprehension [

Frg. 2 Col. ii 1. its roots went for[th 2. in the abyss bel[ow 3. Consider [

Frgs. 3–4 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4.

]habitation ] and by what ] dust ]God gave

‫‪C. DIDACTIC SPEECHES‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪280‬‬

‫[ ֵבכול תבל‬ ‫[ מדד תכונם‬ ‫מת[ ֵחת שם‬ ‫ת[כונם להתהלך‬ ‫[‪ °‬אוצר בינות‬ ‫[מ] מ[לתי ואשר‬ ‫‪Frgs. 3–4 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫[ומספר גבולותיה >גבלותיה ‪
‫‪1–4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫]‬ ‫‪]°‬‬ ‫ִת]‬ ‫הט]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לה]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]‬ ‫מש]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 5 Col. i‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[ ִציה‬ ‫[ תכלית‬ ‫[ ִת לדרוך‬ ‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 5 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫וא]‬ ‫‪ֵ °°°°‬ך ִ‬ ‫וק]‬ ‫השחר ִ‬ ‫גבולותיוִ ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫גבולות]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫שם‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ ִוִתי]ו‪/‬ה‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ותיה פ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ת ‪] °‬‬

‫‪Frg. 8‬‬

‫‪Frg. 7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ִמ‪ִ °‬ד ִמ]‬ ‫[ִב‪]°‬‬

4Q298 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

] in all the world ] he meted out their portion bel]ow he placed their [p]ortion to go about ] a treasury of insights [ ]my [w]ord and which

Frgs. 3–4 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ ]and the number of its boundaries [ ] with[out raising itself up from [its] po[sition, and to ] its boundary. And now give ea[r, O wise ones]; and you who know, listen! And men of understanding, in[crease learning]; and you who seek justice, (add) modesty; you who kn[ow the way], add strength; and men of truth, pur[sue righteousness]; and you who love kindness, add humility; and a[dd kn]owledge of the appointed [t]imes, whose interpret[ta]tion [I will recou]nt, in order that you may give heed to the end of the ages and that you may look upon for[m]er things in order to know

Frg. 5 Col. i 8. ] uttermost 9. ] to tread

Frg. 5 Col. ii 7. and [ 8. the dawn and [ 9. its boundaries[ 10. he placed its boundaries[

281

‫‪282‬‬

‫‪D. SAPIENTIAL POETIC TEXT‬‬

‫‪4Q411 (4QSapiential Hymn) ed. A. Steudel, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬

‫[ ִלו‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫בחכ]מה‪/‬ת‬ ‫]ו[תשמח ֵ‬ ‫יסח]ר‬ ‫ִי ִִהוה פן ֵ‬ ‫אחד]‬ ‫טוב יום ֵ‬ ‫הנא החלתי ֵל]‬ ‫לאדם והוא ֵב]‬ ‫ידעתי את ]‬ ‫מי חכם ִוִ ‪]°‬‬ ‫וגאל ֵבצה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ותבונתו מי ]‬ ‫ֵבאהל לש]בת‬ ‫שר יהו]ה ברא‬ ‫ֵב ֵ‬ ‫יהוה ברא ִה]‬ ‫יהוה ברא ֵש]מים‬ ‫לא]‬ ‫הופיעו ֵ‬ ‫אות]‬ ‫להר ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לשעש]וע)ים(‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫הוה]‬ ‫]י[ ֵ‬

4Q411

D. SAPIENTIAL POETIC TEXT

4Q411 (4QSapiential Hymn) trans. A. Steudel

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

[and] you take pleasure in wis[dom YHWH, lest he go ab[out good is one day[ behold, I began to[ concerning man, and he [ I knew the [ who is wise and [ and redeemed a swamp [ and his understanding, who [ in a tent to d[well flesh. YHW[H created YHWH created [ YHWH created h[eaven they shine out [ to appear[ for deli[ght [Y]HWH[

283

‫‪284‬‬

‫‪E. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER‬‬ ‫‪CLASSIFICATION‬‬

‫‪4Q184 (4QWiles of the Wicked Woman) ed. J. M. Allegro,‬‬ ‫‪DJD V‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫דבר ֵי]ה‬ ‫]הזונ[ה תוציא הבל וב] [א תועות תשחר תמ ִי ִֵד] ל[שנן ֵ‬ ‫מק]‬ ‫תחל]י[ק ולהליץ יחד בש]וא[ עול לבה יכין פחוז וכליותיה ִ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫וקלס‬ ‫באשמות] פשע‬ ‫לה ִרשיע ירדו וללכת ֵ‬ ‫רגליה ֵ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫נגעלי ִהוה תמכו שוח‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בעול‬ ‫מוסדי חושך רוב פשעים בכנפיה ] [ה תועפות לילה ומלבשיה]‬ ‫שח ֵת]‬ ‫ֵה יצועי ֵ‬ ‫ֵע ֵי ֵ‬ ‫ֵצ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫שחת ערשיה ֵי ֵ‬ ‫נשף ועדיה נגועי ֵ‬ ‫מכסיה אפלות ִ‬ ‫מעמקי בור מלונותיה משכבי חושך ובאישני ליל]ה ממ[שלותיה ממוסדי‬ ‫ֵת‬ ‫אפ ֵל ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫בכול‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ותשכון באהלי דומה בתוך מוקדי עולם ואין נחלתה בתוך‬ ‫תאהל שבת ֵ‬ ‫דרכ ֵי עול הוי הוה לכול נוחליה ושדדה‬ ‫ראשית ִכ ִוִ ל ֵ‬ ‫והיאה ִ‬ ‫מאזרי ‪///‬נוגה ֵ‬ ‫לכ]ול[‬ ‫ת ֵוֵמכי בה כיא דרכיה דרכי מות ואורחותיה שבילי חטאת מעגלותיה משגות‬ ‫שערי מות בפתח ביתה תצעד שא ֵו]לה[‬ ‫עול ונתיבו]תי[ ֵה אשמות פשע ֵשעריה ֵ‬ ‫וה]י[ ֵא במסתרים תארוב ‪[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵכ]ו[ֵל] [ישובון וכול נוחליה ירדו שחת ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵברחובות עיר תתעלף ובשער ֵי קריות תתיצב ואין להרג]יעה[‬ ‫ֵל]‬ ‫כ ֵו ֵ‬ ‫ֵש‬ ‫ועפעפיה בפחז תרים לראו]ת לא[ ֵי ֵ‬ ‫והנה ישכילו ֵ‬ ‫מה] [ ֵת ֵת‪[ ]°°°‬עיניה הנה ִ‬ ‫צדק‬ ‫ותכשילהו ישרים להטות דרך ולבחורי ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ואיש] ע[ ִצום‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫צדיק ותשיגהו‬ ‫מנצור מצוה סמוכי ‪ °[ ]°‬להביל בפחז והולכי ישר להשנות ח]וק[ להפשיע‬ ‫זד]ו[ ִןִ ‪ֵ [ ]°‬במה בל‬ ‫ענוים מאל ולהטות פעמיהם מדרכי צדק להביא ֵ‬ ‫ֵערוכי]ם[‬ ‫יושר להשגות אנוש בדרכי שוחה ולפתות בחלקות בני איש‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫במעגלי‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

4Q184

285

E. SAPIENTIAL TEXTS TOO FRAGMENTARY FOR FURTHER CLASSIFICATION

4Q184 (4QWiles of the Wicked Woman) trans. J. M. Allegro with N. Gordon Frg 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

[The har]lot utters vanities, and [ ] errors; She seeks continually [to] sharpen [her] words, [ ] she mockingly flatters and with emp[tiness] to bring altogether into derision. Her heart’s perversion prepares wantonness, and her emotions [ ]. In perversion they seized the fouled (organs) of passion, they descended the pit of her legs to act wickedly, and behave with the guilt of [transgression ] the foundations of darkness, the sins in her skirt are many. Her [ ] is the depths of the night, and her clothes [ ]. Her garments are the shades of twilight, and her adornments are touched with corruption. Her beds are couches of corruption, [ ] depths of the Pit. Her lodgings are beds of darkness, and in the depths of the nigh[t] are her [do]minions. From the foundation of darkness she takes her dwelling, and she resides in the tents of the underworld, in the midst of everlasting fire, and she has no inheritance (in the midst of) among all who gird themselves with light. She is the foremost of all the ways of iniquity; Alas! ruin shall be to all who posess her, and desolation to a[ll] who take hold of her. For her ways are the ways of death, and her path[s] are the roads to sin; her tracks lead astray to iniquity, and her paths are the the guilt of transgression. Her gates are the gates of death, in the opening of her house it stalks. To Sheol a[l]l [ ] will return, and all who possess her will go down to the Pit. She lies in wait in secret places, [ ] all [ ]. In the city’s broad places she displays herself, and in the town gates she sets herself, and there is none to distur[b her] from[ ]. Her eyes glance keenly hither and thither, and she wantonly raises her eyelids to seek out a righteous man and lead him astray, and a perfect man to make him stumble; upright men to divert (their) path, and those chosen for righteousness from keeping the commandments; those sustained with [ ] to make fools of them with wantoness, and those who walk uprightly to change the st[atute]; to make the humble rebel from God, and to turn their steps from the ways of righteousness; to bring presumptuousness [ ], those not arraign[ed] in the tracks of uprightness; to lead mankind astray in the ways of the Pit, and to seduce by flatteries the sons of men.

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪286‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 3‬‬

‫‪Frg. 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫[נפשכה ‪] °‬‬ ‫[בכה ובתור]ה‬ ‫[ ִב ‪[ ]°‬גול עליו וה]‬ ‫נדכה התחנן לו]‬ ‫[לב ֵ‬ ‫ערל]‬ ‫׀ורום עינים לב ֵ‬ ‫[ם רום לבב ואף אף ִה]‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ֵת ֵח ִלץ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[תמיד הבר אליו ‪]°‬‬ ‫בת ֵפ]לה‬ ‫פ[רוש אליו כפיכה ֵ‬ ‫[ ִה ִר ממכה עול צי‪]°‬‬ ‫[עם אישוני פחז ֵו‪]°‬‬ ‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 4‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪ ]°°‬ע[מוק ִי]‬ ‫ימל ֵא וא]‬ ‫[‪ °‬כמ ֵיֵם ִ‬ ‫[בן אדם ורוחו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לוא באשמות מע]ל‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ותיה] [מע‪]°‬‬ ‫[לונ‪ °‬אל תלח]‬ ‫[ ֵל ֵבאזן ובח]‬ ‫ֵק]‬ ‫וח ֵו ֵ‬ ‫מש[ ֵפ ֵט ֵ‬

‫‪bottom margin‬‬

‫‪Frg. 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫[ברחובותי]ה‬ ‫[אל תבוא ֵב]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬

‫‪4Q302 (4QpapAdmonitory Parable) ed. B. Nitzan, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]מכה‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫[‪ִ °‬ו ִִהוא‬ ‫[ ֵאל‪]°‬‬ ‫לאחר‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫[‪°‬מכה‬ ‫[‪ °°°‬כדבריך באפים‬ ‫[ ֵה ‪ vacat‬אלהים צדיק‬ ‫[ ִם ֵטוביך על כ ֵו ִֵל‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ם ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ִר זרע אברהם‬ ‫[ ֵכ ֵי הוא יה‬ ‫[‪ °‬וא‪°°°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫ֵשרא]ל[‬ ‫ק[דשו ֵי ִ‬ ‫[‪[ ]°°°‬ת בשמ ִיִם‬ ‫בק ִר ִב עממים‬ ‫[‪ִ °°‬וִ ִ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬ת יצר כל‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ֵב ֵה ֵם ]‬ ‫ֵבם ]‬ ‫ִבאלה ֵת‪]°‬‬ ‫בח] [ לוא]‬

4Q302

287

Frg. 2

Frg. 3 1. ]you will be rescued [ 2. ]always [ ] to him [ 3. s]tretch out your hands to him in pra[yer 4. ] from you dishonesty [

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

] your soul [ ] in you, and in the La[w ] upon him [ ]a contrite heart supplicated him[ ] and haughty looks, uncircumcised heart[ 6. ] act haughtily and even wrath [

Frg. 4

Frg. 5 3. ] do not [ 4. ] with ear and with [ 5. jud]gement and statute[

2. 3. 4. 5.

d]eep[ ] like water he will fill [ ] a man and his spirit [ ]not the guilt of unfaithfu]lness

Frg. 6 1. ]in [her] squares[ 2. ]do not enter [

4Q302 (4QpapAdmonitory Parable) trans. B. Nitzan Frg. 1 Col. i 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

[ ] [ ] and He [ ] one affliction after [another ] for your words. In anger (or: while you spoke angrily) [ ] vacat God is righteous [ ] Your bounty is over all (or: your good men [ ] for all) [ ] vacat [ ] the seed of Abraham [ ] for He is the Lord [ ] [ ] [ ]His [ho]ly one, Israe[l] [ ] [ ] in heaven [ ] and in the midst of nations [ ] He formed all

Frg. 1 Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4.

in them [ in them [ in these [ [ ] not [

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪288‬‬

‫ִול] [ ֵת ִם]‬ ‫ִמקדש ֵו ]‬ ‫ִלעשות ל]‬ ‫ִה ִא]‬ ‫‪]°°‬‬ ‫וִִ ‪]°°°‬‬ ‫ושמאל ]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫ואל ֵת]‬ ‫ואל ת]‬ ‫דבריו ]‬ ‫לבער א]‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫‪Frg. 1a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫[ ‪]° °‬‬ ‫[ ֵמפניך ‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 1b‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫[א‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪]°°[ ]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵם ‪]°°° vacat‬‬ ‫[ם וש‪ֵ [ ] °°°°‬ן ] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫[‪ °‬ושלישיו להביא]‬ ‫[‪]°°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬יף‬ ‫‪Frg. 2 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[‪°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵהב ִי ֵנ ֵו נא בזאת החכמים ִאם יהיה‬ ‫לאיש עץ טוב ֵו ֵי ֵגֵבה עד לשמים] [ֵל] [‬ ‫שה פרי שמן ‪°° °°°‬‬ ‫לא‪ֵ °°‬י ארצות ִוִ ֵע ֵ‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫יורה ומלקוש ֵי‪ֵ [ ]°°‬ב ִח ֵר ֵו‪ °‬ובצמה‬ ‫[‪ֵ °°°‬ר ואתו ישמר‬ ‫יא]הב‬ ‫הלוא אתו ֵ‬ ‫[ים להרבות עפי‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ל ִמנצרו לרבת‬ ‫]‬ ‫[רו ודלתיו‬ ‫]‬

4Q302

6. 7.

His sanctuary [ to make for [

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

and [ and left [ and do not [ and do not [ His words/commandments [ to eliminate [

Frg. 1a 2.

] from your presence

[

Frg. 1b

4. 5. 6.

] vacat [ ] and [ ] [ ] [ ] and his officers to bring [

Frg. 2 Col. ii 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Discern this, O wise men: If a man will possess a good tree that towers unto the sky [ ] [ ] lands, and it produces the best fruit early and late rains [ ] in winter (or: in scorching heat and in thirst) Is it not that he lo[ves] it [ ] and that he guards it [ ] to increase branches [ ] from its root to rear [ ] and its branches

289

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫‪290‬‬

‫[ ִל]‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 2 Col. iii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪]°° °°°‬‬ ‫קצי ‪]°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫]‬ ‫ויכסמוהו ח ֵז]ירים‬ ‫ויכרת ִבלוא ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫לכ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫‪Frg. 3 Col. i‬‬

‫‪1–6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‬ ‫[לה ִי‪°‬‬

‫[‬ ‫‪Frg. 3 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫[יד יתר‬ ‫]‬ ‫[ ִאלהיכם‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪°°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫[‪ °‬לבבכם ֵא] [‪°‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫ֵפש ִחפצה ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ֵב ֵנ ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫[יקום אלהים מידכם ֵבמעלכם‬ ‫]‬ ‫חשבתיכם ולא עמד לנגדך להוכח‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫]פרי מ[‬ ‫ֵעמך ולהשיב דבר בריבך ‪vacat‬‬ ‫בשמ ִיִם משבו וממ]שלתו[‬ ‫ֵ‬ ‫] [‪ °‬אלהים‬ ‫ורא]‬ ‫[‪ °°°‬בהם ֵ‬ ‫בארצות בימים ‪]°‬‬ ‫ִע ֵמ ‪ֵ °°°°‬ת ] [ֵל]‬ ‫‪Frg. 3a‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3 Col. iii‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ולא כן ]‬ ‫יבערו ]‬ ‫ואיך ֵל‪°‬רנ‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫[ימי‬ ‫[‪°‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3b Col. ii‬‬

‫‪Frg. 3b Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫[‪°°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°°‬ם‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ ‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ם ‪°‬פל‬ ‫[‪°‬זרע כ‪°‬‬ ‫[‬

‫‪1–6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫]‬ ‫ו‪] °‬‬

‫[‬ ‫[‬

4Q302

291

Frg. 2 Col. iii 2.

epochs

[

6. 7.

bo[ars] ravaged [ and it was cut down without [

Frg. 3 Col. ii 2.

[

] your God

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

[ ] your heart [ ] [ ]with deep desire. vacat [ ]God will take vengeance on you for your betrayal [the fruit of] your [sch]emes, and he did not confront you to argue with you and reply to your contention vacat [ ] God’s seat is in the heavens, and [His] he[gemony] is over lands (and) seas [ ] in them and

Frg. 3 Col. iii 1. 2. 3.

but not so [ they shall behave foolishly [ and how [

Frg. 3b Col. i

6.

]

seed

[

292

E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS

Frg. 4

Frg. 3c

]‫ב‬°[ vacat [ ]°[ ]°°°[

‫להתנח ֵם‬ ֵ °[

1

1

2 3

Frg. 6

Frg. 5

[ ]°°‫ל‬ ]‫ֵב‬ ]‫ִל ֵח‬

1 2 3 4

Frg. 8

]‫לוא‬ ֵ [ ] ‫ֵת ִיכ ִם‬ ֵ ‫[ ֵו‬ ]° ‫[ ֵפ ֵאים‬ vacat ‫ ִכ ִמה‬°[ °°[

5

]°‫תצו ו‬°[

1

]°‫ם ֵב ֵמ‬°[ ]°‫[ ִרעו ח ִי‬ ]°°‫[א ל‬

2 3

]‫[ ֵערה ִוִ יזו‬ ]‫[ֵל‬

2

]‫מ‬°[ ]°°‫ר‬°[

2

1 2 3 4

Frg. 7

]° °° °°[ °°‫ה ִמי ִי ִִמ‬°[ vacat ‫[ ֵש ֵהי ֵו‬

1 2 3

bottom margin

Frg. 10

Frg. 9

] ‫והנִה‬ ִ ִ ‫] [ו‬° ‫ ִמר‬°[ ]°°°° ‫[ ִע ִפי שיח‬ ]‫[ל‬

1 2 3

Frg. 12

1

Frg. 11

] ‫[ויף‬ ]°[

1 2

1

Frg. 13

Frg. 14

] ‫ ֵה‬°°[ ]‫[לטה א‬

2

]‫ִר‬°° ‫[ו אם‬

1

1

Frg. 16

1

Frg. 15

Frg. 18

]‫[ ִוִ ֵכ ֵב‬ ]°[

1 2

Frg. 17

°[ ]°[ ]° ‫[ ִאת‬

1 2

]° [ ]‫[יו‬ ] ‫[ר יהיה‬

1 2

4Q302

293

Frg. 3c 1.

]

to have compassion

Frg. 8

3.

] which were vacat

Frg. 10 1. 2. 3.

] [ ] and indeed [ ] branches of the bush ] [

[

Frg. 17 2.

]

will be [

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪294‬‬

‫‪4Q303 (4QMeditation on Creation A) ed. T. Lim, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫[מבינים שמעו ו‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִמים וישביתו מעל ִנ]‬ ‫[א}ִס‪ִ°‬ר‪ {°°‬נפלאות אל אש]ר‬ ‫[ ִלאור עולם ושמי טוה]ר‬ ‫או[ר במקום תהווב]הו‬ ‫[כולמעשיהם עד ק‪]°‬‬ ‫[ר בם מלך לכולם]‬ ‫[ר ושכל טוב ורע ל]‬ ‫אדם‬ ‫כיא]‬ ‫[לוקח ממנה ֵ‬ ‫ו[עשה לו עזר כ]נגדו‬ ‫[לו לאשה כיא ממנו] לקחה זאת‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[חה‬ ‫[ל לפי]‬ ‫[ל]‬

‫‪4Q305 (4QMeditation on Creation C) ed. T. Lim, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Col. i‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬מ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִל מ] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ י‪] °‬‬ ‫[‪[ ]°‬רי]‬

‫‪Col. ii‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ויברא בו חיות]‬ ‫נתן לאדם דע]ת‬ ‫לד ִע ִת]‬ ‫ור ִע] [ ִ‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫ל]‬

‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪4Q413 (4QComposition Concerning Divine Providence) ed.‬‬ ‫‪E. Qimron, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1–2‬‬ ‫‪top margin‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫מזִ ִמ ִת ד]עת מצאו[ וחוכמה אלמדכמה והתבוננו בדרכי אנוש ובפועלות‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫א ִל את איש הרבה לו נחלה ִבדעת אמתו וכפי גועלו‬ ‫אד]ם כי באהבת [ ִ‬ ‫בני ִ‬ ‫רע] ההולך אחר מ[ ִשמע אוזניו ומראה עינו ִ‬ ‫כל ִ‬ ‫בל יהיה ‪ vacat‬ועתה‬ ‫א‬ ‫[ ִר ִיִשונים ובינו ִב ִשני ד]ור ו[ ִדור כאשר גלה אל‬ ‫חסד ]‬ ‫[‬ ‫[ ] [ ל]‬ ‫[ ל]‬ ‫‪] vacat‬‬

4Q413

295

4Q303 (4QMeditation on Creation A) trans. T. Lim 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

]having understood, they listened and[ ]mym and they caused treachery to cease n[ ] wonderful acts of God whi[ch ]for eternal light and cle[ar] heaven[ ligh]t in place of emptiness and vo[id ]all their deeds until q°[ ]r among them, a king for all of them[ ]r and insight of good and evil, to[ ]a man takes from it because [ and ]He made for him a helper fit[ for him He gave her] to him for a wife, because from him[ she was taken ]hＤh vacat[ ]l according to[ ]l[

4Q305 (4QMeditation on Creation C) trans. T. Lim

Col. ii 1. 2. 3. 4.

and He created in it animals[ He gave to man knowled[ge and evil(?)[ ]to know(?)[ l[

4Q413 (4QComposition Concerning Divine Providence) trans. E. Qimron Frgs. 1–2 1. 2. 3. 4.

a plan of kn[owledge find] and let me teach you wisdom, and (thus) contemplate the conduct of man and the actions of human beings. [For whenever] God [favoured] a person He increased his share in the knowledge of His truth; and as He despised every wicked individual [who would follow what] his ears hear and what his eyes see (that wicked individual) would not survive vacat. And now (sons of) grace [ (the events of) ]the former years and contemplate the events of past [gene]rations as God has revealed.

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪296‬‬

‫‪4Q425 (4QSapiential-Didactic Work B) ed. A. Steudel, DJD XX‬‬ ‫‪Frgs. 1 + 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫בה דב]ר [מב]‬ ‫תוע ֵ‬ ‫מוס ִר ִ‬ ‫[ ֵל ִ‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬ב ֵעד לבו לבלתי ה]‬ ‫ימר‪]°‬‬ ‫תנובה לוא ִ‬ ‫[‪ִ °‬‬ ‫שק ִר קטן כ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ולשון ולוא ]‬ ‫[‪]°[ ]°‬‬ ‫ובמ]ש[ ִק ִל ִל ֵו ִֵא י]עשה פעלתו‬ ‫דכרכיו ִ‬ ‫[ ִ‬ ‫ֵש] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[ת א ֵי ֵ‬ ‫[‪ °°°‬איש ֵב ֵל ֵי]על[ איש שוע עי ֵנ ֵיֵם] [)‪](°‬‬ ‫ֵע ֵו ֵנ ֵו] [‪]°°°‬‬ ‫[‪°‬שים ֵכ] [אוילי לב ֵו]ש[ ֵג ֵ‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪vacat‬‬ ‫[ל‪[ ](°)°‬‬ ‫לפל]ס‬ ‫[בים לו ֵ‬ ‫[ל דרכי ֵו]‬ ‫‪Frgs. 2 + 4 Col. i‬‬

‫[‪]°‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2a‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫[ש]‬

‫[ֵה‬

‫[‪]°[ ]°°°°°[ ]°°‬‬ ‫למכ ֵו ֵן] [‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵם לשון ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵת ֵו‬ ‫[ ִעים סולה ‪]°‬‬ ‫ר[ ֵש ֵף‬ ‫לוקחי ]‬ ‫[ל ִ‬ ‫עת‬ ‫[ת] [ ֵנֵו‪ֵ °[ ]°‬‬ ‫[ ו ‪]°‬‬ ‫[ ֵא ֵמ ֵת]‬ ‫[‪°°°‬‬ ‫[ ‪]°‬‬ ‫[לו‬ ‫‪Frg. 4 Col. ii‬‬

‫‪1a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫ֵתן]‬

‫ֵדד ֵת]‬ ‫ֵמה ֵנ ִ‬ ‫תרדמה מ] [‪]°°‬‬ ‫] [ ֵ‬ ‫וד]ש)ו (‬ ‫]ב[ ֵכ ֵוֵל ֵמ ֵח ֵשבת ֵק ֵ‬ ‫]ו[להודות לאל על כ ֵו]ל‬ ‫] [מזהר ֵל‪ֵ°°°‬ט]‬ ‫א]ו[ ֵמ ֵר] [‪]°‬‬ ‫ֵל]‬

‫להלל[‬

‫‪Frg. 5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ֵ [ ]°[ ]°‬ש ק]ל[ ֵוֵן‬ ‫ֵה ֵה ֵוֵאה]‬ ‫[‪ֵ °‬נ ֵ‬ ‫[ ֵמשל ֵברוח ֵו]‬ ‫[ ֵר ֵשע ֵו‪]°‬‬ ‫[חוקי ‪]°‬‬

4Q425

4Q425 (4QSapiential-Didactic Work B) trans. A. Steudel Frgs. 1 + 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

] correction, abomination, a thin[g of ] for his heart without [ ] produce, not shall [ ] a small deception [ ] and (the) tongue, and not [ ] a man [ ] his ways (?) and in respect to weight, not shall [do his work ] a worthless man, a man of smeared over eyes [ you shall not send ] those with foolish hearts and his (?) [m]adness[ ] vacat [ ] him to make leve[l ] his ways [

Frgs. 2 + 4 Col. i

3. 4. 5.

] tongue to a place[ ] weighed [ ] those who take [ f]lame(?)

7.

]truth [

Frg. 4 Col. ii 1a. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6.

give [

what do you flee [ [ ] deep sleep [ [in] the whole plan of [his?] holine[ss to offer praise] [and] to offer thanksgiving to God because of al[l w[o]rd[

Frg. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

] dis[ho]nour [ ] he [ ] is master of himself [ ] wickedness and [ ] statutes of [

297

‫‪E. FRAGMENTARY SAPIENTIAL TEXTS‬‬

‫‪298‬‬ ‫‪Frg. 6‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫[‪ִ °‬ל‪]°°‬‬ ‫[ ואל ידב]ר‬ ‫)אל?( [ ֵיֵשפט ביום ]‬ ‫[יעוה ובלשונו]‬ ‫[ רשע ‪ִ°‬ה‪]°‬‬

‫‪4Q473 (4QThe Two Ways) ed. T. Elgvin, DJD XXII‬‬ ‫)‪Frg. 1 (formerly 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ללכ ֵה]‬ ‫]וי[ ִה ִ‬ ‫פלא את]‬ ‫וכול הו‪]°‬‬ ‫איתה]‬ ‫ֵר ֵ‬ ‫)‪Frg. 2 (formerly 1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫הדרך אשר תלך)?([‬ ‫[ ה ת ‪]°‬‬ ‫לפניכה[‬ ‫בה ] [ ֵוֵהואה נותן ]לפניכה את החיים ואת המות)?(‬ ‫טוב]ה ואחת רעה אם תלך בדרך הטובה הואה‬ ‫ֵש]תי [ ֵדרכים אחת ֵ‬ ‫ישמורכה)?([‬ ‫ויברככה ואם תלך בדרך ֵה]רעה הואה יאררכה ויקללכה)?( ורעה[‬ ‫[‬ ‫והשמידכה ]‬ ‫ִ‬ ‫יב]יא [ ֵעליכה‬ ‫[‬ ‫ובר]ד‬ ‫קרח ֵ‬ ‫וירקון שלג ִ‬ ‫[‬ ‫עם כול ִמ ִל ֵא ִכ]י חבל)?(‬ ‫‪]°°°°°‬‬

4Q473

299

Frg. 6 2. 3. 4. 5.

] and let him not spea[k ]let him [not (?)] judge at the day [ ]he commits iniquity and with his tongue[ ] wickedness [

4Q473 (4QThe Two Ways) trans. T. Elgvin Frg. 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

[and it/he will p]raise You[ He made wonders upon[ and all the[ you saw[

Frg. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

] [ the way you will walk(?)] upon. [ ]He sets [before you life and death(?) before you are] t[wo ]ways, one goo[d and one evil. If you walk in the good way He will guard you (?)] and bless you. But, if you walk in the [evil] way,[ He will curse you and revile you (?), and evil] He will br[ing ]upon you and destroy you [ and blight, snow, ice, and hai[l with all the angel[s of destruction(?)