The European values study : a third wave : source book of the 1999 2000 European values study surveys

THE EUROPEAN VALUES STUDY: A THIRD WAVE

THE EUROPEAN VALUES STUDY: A THIRD WAVE Source book of the 1999/2000 European Values Study surveys

Loek Halman

EVS WORC Tilburg University

WORC, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE TILBURG, The Netherlands, tel. +31 13 466 31 40; fax. +31 13 466 20 53, e-mail. [email protected]

© 2001 EVS, WORC, Tilburg University All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the copyright owner.

THE EUROPEAN VALUES STUDY: A THIRD WAVE Source book of the 1999/2000 European Values Study Survey Loek Halman in collaboration with: Anthony M. Abela (Malta) Helmut Anheier & Stephen Harding (Great Britain) Wil Arts & Jacques Hagenaars (Netherlands) Olga N. Balakireva (Ukraine) Josip Baloban (Croatia) Elena Bashkirova (Russia) Karel Dobbelaere & Jaak Billiet (Belgium) Javier Elzo & Francisco Andrés Orizo (Spain) Pol Estgen & Michel Legrand (Luxembourg) Tony Fahey, Bernadette C. Hayes & Richard Sinnott (Republic of Ireland) James Georgas, Kostas Mylonas, Aikaterini Gari (Greece) Renzo Gubert (Italy) Peter Gundelach (Denmark) Bernadette C. Hayes, Tony Fahey & Richard Sinnott (Northern Ireland) Wolfgang Jagodzinski & Hans-Dieter Klingemann (Germany) Aleksandra Jasinska-Kania, Mira Marody & Joanna Konieczna (Poland) Fridrik H. Jonsson & Stefan Olafsson (Iceland) Stanislovas Juknevicius & Rasa Alisauskiene (Lithuania) Zuzana Kusá (Slovakia) Brina Malnar & Niko Tos (Slovenia) Georgy Fotev, Atanas Atanasov & Mario Marinov (Bulgaria) Thorleif Pettersson & Bi Puranen (Sweden) Juhani Pehkonen (Finland) Ladislav Rabušic (Czech Republic) David Rotman & Larissa Titarenko (Belarus) Andrus Saar (Estonia) Jean-François Tchernia (France) Miklós Tomka (Hungary) Jorge Vala, Alice Ramos & Manuel Villaverde Cabral (Portugal) Malina Voicu, Cătălin Zamfir & Lucien Pop (Romania) Brigita Zepa (Latvia) Paul M. Zulehner (Austria)

In memory of Ruud de Moor whose inspiration and wisdom helped launch the European Values Study. To him, for his continued support and encouragement over many years, with gratitude, we dedicate this book.

Acknowledgments

This source book presents a whole range of opinions, attitudes, and beliefs of a representative sample of the people who currently live in Europe. It is based on surveys conducted within the framework of the European Values Study (EVS). The European Values Study is a large scale, collaborative, longitudinal survey research project that aims at investigating fundamental value patterns among European people. The data presented in this book are from the third wave of research conducted in 32 countries in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe in 1999/2000. It goes without saying that we are grateful to all who have been involved in the project and hope that our collaboration will continue in the years to come. Although the tables in this book were prepared at Tilburg University, they could not have been produced without the collaboration of all the participants in the project. Therefore, the principal investigators can and ought to be considered co-authors of this publication. The members of the Board of the EVS Foundation, Pieter Drenth (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Jan Kerkhofs, Roger Dillemans (both from Catholic University Leuven, Belgium), and Chris Geppaart (Tilburg University, The Netherlands) have, of course, also contributed substantially to the success of the project. Checking, cleaning, and documenting the data was done in close collaboration with Hermann Duelmer from Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung and der Universität zu Köln (ZA), and Helga van Gelder, Cor van der Meer, and Berry Feith from the Netherlands Institute for Scientific Information Services (NIWI) in Amsterdam. Although the work is not completed yet, this is the place to express our indebtedness to them. The same applies for Josette Gevers, Carla Janssen, Marit Beijers, Godelief Mars, and Helmine Roodenburg from Tilburg University, who proved to be loyal assistants in processing the data. They can also consider this publication to be a product of their efforts. We are grateful to WORC, the Work & Organization Research Centre of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Tilburg University for hosting the EVS project and for supporting the project in numerous ways, from

ix

offering hard ware facilities to secretarial and managerial assistance. A project as encompassing as this one is very expensive and university budgets are not sufficient to pay the costs of large-scale surveys. That the original pioneering work, the preparing, and conducting of the surveys could have been undertaken at all depended on the imagination, encouragement, and generosity of many concerned and enlightened sponsors. We have been lucky that national social science research councils as well as many charitable trusts and foundations, companies, church organizations, and private individuals, worked to make our enterprise a success. It would be impossible to mention all organizations, enterprises, and individuals who have contributed to the project, not only because they are too numerous, but also because some of them explicitly stated that they preferred to stay anonymous. Therefore we can only in a very general way express our greatest appreciation for their help in enabling us to conduct the survey for the third time in Europe.1 We hope this source book will be a useful tool to all who are interested in the value patterns of those living in contemporary Europe. Tilburg, April 2001 Loek Halman

1

The survey in Northern Ireland was financially supported by ESRC, the Economic and Social Research Council in the UK (research grant number: R000222959).

x

Contents

Acknowledgments

ix

Introduction

1

Tables

5

The European Values Study: project design

295

EVS 1999/2000 questionnaire

299

EVS Methodology

335

Publications based on the 1999/2000 EVS surveys

387

xi

xii

Introduction

The data on opinions, beliefs, and attitudes presented in this source book are based on the most recent surveys in 32 countries in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe, conducted within the framework of the European Values Study (EVS). EVS is a wellestablished network of social and political scientists. Its main purpose is to empirically uncover basic values, attitudes, and preferences of the European population and to explore the similarities, differences, and changes in these orientations. Values are prime guidelines in people's life. People are guided not only by their passions and self-interest, but also by values, norms, and belief systems. Values are deeply rooted dispositions, orientations, or motives guiding people to act or behave in a certain way. They are believed to be more complex, more basic, and more enduring than attitudes, opinions, and preferences. Values can be measured in various ways. They are traceable by analyzing documents, such as laws or literature, by observing actual behavior, or by asking people questions. All these approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. As the aim of the EVS project is to discover the variety of values in a great number of national populations and to assess whether these values constitute patterns or systems, the most adequate approach is the survey method. Because values are seen as underlying a range of expressed opinions or behavioral indicators, these opinions and behavioral indicators reveal the underlying structure of values in a given population. This source book reveals the opinions, attitudes and behavioral intentions reflecting the underlying values. The fundamental, underlying value orientations will be further explored and examined in forthcoming studies. The European Values Study project was designed to empirically explore the patterns and changes in cross-national differences and similarities in basic social values in Europe. A important goal was to examine whether the emerging concept of one common European cultural identity has an empirical basis. European countries have a great deal in common. This

1

appears, among other things, in the sharing of a set of values that distinguishes the European culture not only from other great cultures such as the Chinese or the Islamic ones, but even from that of North America. However, if there is unity in Europe, it is unity in diversity. Many people value this diversity highly, not only with regard to languages but also with respect to longstanding religious and ideological traditions, regional subcultures, and political and educational systems. Deciphering that which is common in the collective conscience of the men and women of Europe and identifying those aspects which are shared to a lesser extent or not at all could make an important contribution not only to a better mutual understanding but also to the resolution of conflict and the keeping of peace. The dramatic events in Yugoslavia have provided us with a sad illustration of what can happen when hidden forces within the collective conscience of peoples explode into hatred and violence. An additional and highly important reason for surveying values in Europe was the knowledge that diverging or even contrasting values in the various European countries could hamper the further unification of Europe. The EVS project, launched for the first time at the end of the seventies, addressed, among other things, the following questions: 1. Do Europeans share a homogenous and enduring set of values? 2. Are values changing in Europe and, if so, in what directions? 3. What are the implications for European unity? The intention of EVS is to explore basic values and it does not focus so much on testing particular hypotheses. The project does not aim at rejecting or confirming specific theoretical ideas. The main purpose of the project is to attain a better insight into fundamental human values and value differences, similarities, and changes within Europe. To achieve this, surveys were carried out using uniformly structured questionnaires, enabling generalizations and comparisons. The first wave of surveys was conducted in 1981 in ten West European countries. Researchers from other countries

2

later on joined the project, resulting in a 26-nation study project: the largest social science research project ever carried out. In order to monitor changes in values, a second wave of surveys was organized in 1990 in all European countries, including Switzerland and Austria and countries in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in the US and Canada. A third wave of surveys was conducted in 1999/2000. The data presented in this source book are from the most recent wave of surveys in 32 countries in Western, Central, and Eastern Europe. EVS provides unique data from national representative samples from almost all European societies, including Russia. It gives insight into and allows comparison of the preferences and orientations of the populations of societies covering a wide range of economic, social, political, and cultural variation. This source book presents the responses of no less than 39.797 respondents to more than 300 questions. The project provides standardized cross-national measures of people’s perspectives and views in a broad range of important areas of life, e.g., religion, morality, family, marriage, gender roles, politics, democracy, economics, work, ecology and solidarity. Included in this book are figures from Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Northern Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine. The European Values Study is unprecedented in scope, covering basic values in all the major life spheres, and provides a wealth of unique information to all who are interested in Europe. The data uncovers sometimes deep and long-lasting differences in basic beliefs, attitudes, and opinions, illustrating that, although Europeans certainly share common values, Europe remains a conglomerate of cultures which refuse to be leveled down by the blind laws of economic and monetary policy. The previous waves of the European Values Study have excited demand from governmental, church, academic, and other institutions for access to the results. The data presented in this source book will be of interest to (European) policy makers,

3

political and religious leaders, and major companies. In view of the processes of economic, political, and cultural transnationalization and globalization, marketing leaders, labor unions, and employers can also benefit from an in-depth study of basic European values. The main purpose of this source book is to make the EVS data sets more accessible to current and potential users. The data will be made available to the widest possible audience, not only through this book, but also via modern communication means: internet and cd-rom. In 2003, the data set will be made available to a broader audience when the data is deposited at the Zentralarchiv in Cologne. More information on EVS can be obtained from the internet (www.eurpeanvalues..nl) and the secretariat ([email protected]). We will be grateful if any apparent errors are called to our attention.

4

Tables

The 1999/2000 EVS survey includes questions on major life spheres, such as work and leisure time, religion, politics, economics, primary relations, sexuality, education, and morality. Question formulations and response categories vary widely in the EVS survey. Some questions have a limited number of response categories (e.g., yes-no); others provide a large number of response categories, such as scales with scale points ranging from 1 to 5, or 1 to 10, etc. When the number of categories is limited to 5, the percentages of people in each category are displayed for each country; when scales are used with more than 5 categories, country means and standard deviations have been calculated and are displayed in the tables. We have also included the number of valid cases in each country. An overview of the number of cases in each country as well as the period of fieldwork (start and end date of fieldwork) is displayed in Table 1. The data from Turkey were not yet collected at the time this source book was prepared and produced. Turkish data will be included in a subsequent volume which will contain an overview of the 1981-1990-1999 values surveys. The tables in this book provide a quick overview of the main differences and similarities between European countries. Scanning down a column enables one to compare the percentages of people in each country who agree with a particular answer. The tables are numbered according to the question number in the original (English) questionnaire, which is included at the end of this book. The sequence in which the countries are presented is determined more or less by chance and has nothing to do with any preference whatsoever. To a large extent, it is based on the sequence of countries used in the 1981 and 1990 data files and partly also on a regional division, e.g., East-West, North-South.

5

Table 1. Overview of countries included in the 1999/2000 EVS survey, period of fieldwork, and number of respondents Country Austria (AT) Belgium (BE) Belarus (BY) Bulgaria (BG) Croatia (HR) Czech Republic (CZ) Denmark (DK) Estonia (EE) Finland (FI) France (FR) Germany (DE) Great Britain (UK) Greece (GR) Hungary (HU) Iceland (IS) Ireland (IR) Italy (IT) Latvia (LV) Lithuania (LT) Luxembourg (LU) Malta (MT) Northern Ireland (NI) Netherlands (NL) Poland (PL) Portugal (PT) Romania (RO) Russia (RU) Slovakia (SK) Slovenia (SL) Spain (ES) Sweden (SE) Ukraine (UA)

6

Start 06-08-99 01-03-99 16-03-00 14-06-99 31-03-99 21-03-99 26-04-99 13-10-99 05-09-00 23-03-99 15-10-99 18-10-99 23-06-99 25-11-99 03-06-99 01-10-99 29-03-99 19-03-99 05-11-99 19-07-99 03-99 07-07-99 01-03-99 18-02-99 14-10-99 05-07-99 30-04-99 15-06-99 01-10-99 16-03-99 15-11-99 01-12-99

End 19-10-99 15-06-99 19-04-00 12-07-99 30-04-99 05-05-99 11-11-99 22-10-99 06-10-00 10-04-99 08-12-99 08-11-99 23-06-99 15-12-99 30-12-99 01-02-00 05-05-99 31-03-99 14-12-99 27-10-00 05-99 01-11-99 01-08-99 04-03-99 23-12-99 28-07-99 12-06-99 15-07-99 31-10-99 16-04-99 10-01-00 13-12-99

N 1485 1912 1000 1000 1008 1908 1017 1005 1038 1615 2036 1000 1142 1000 967 1012 2000 1012 1018 1017 1002 1000 1004 1095 1000 1138 2500 1331 1006 1200 1015 1195

1_A Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: work

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very quite 69.1 25.7 41.6 37.0 44.8 37.9 65.9 26.9 61.7 33.3 63.0 31.6 57.9 37.2 56.8 30.4 75.9 19.6 64.7 28.1 47.5 39.0 52.6 39.7 39.5 45.5 54.4 36.7 51.9 37.3 54.4 42.2 51.1 33.6 42.2 32.2 51.3 37.5 69.7 24.2 54.2 33.9 78.0 18.1 53.0 40.6 61.4 31.7 56.8 31.9 70.6 24.3 61.5 27.7 61.7 34.1 47.2 49.0 48.6 35.3 62.1 21.6 58.6 25.9 57.6

32.5

not 2.7 10.4 11.4 5.1 3.7 3.6 3.3 9.8 3.0 4.1 8.2 5.0 9.2 5.7 6.9 2.4 9.9 12.6 7.1 4.0 9.3 2.0 5.3 4.8 7.8 3.8 8.5 3.5 3.4 10.6 9.1 10.1

not at all 2.5 11.0 5.9 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.6 3.1 1.5 3.1 5.3 2.6 5.7 3.3 3.9 .9 5.4 12.9 4.1 2.0 2.6 1.8 1.1 2.0 3.5 1.3 2.3 .7 .4 5.5 7.2 5.5

N 1611 907 2017 1385 1985 1197 998 1139 994 1886 992 1192 1009 1008 1027 961 1003 967 1000 998 994 1087 1899 1320 998 1141 979 1005 996 983 1161 2465

6.4

3.5

39303

7

1_B Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: family

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

8

very quite 87.6 10.6 89.1 9.7 80.9 16.0 89.1 9.3 90.0 8.6 85.7 13.2 84.3 14.4 86.4 12.7 95.6 3.8 88.0 9.6 80.6 12.1 87.9 10.4 87.1 11.2 89.4 8.5 80.0 16.2 94.2 5.3 91.5 7.4 90.5 8.0 68.0 28.1 72.2 22.6 65.6 30.4 91.8 7.8 84.7 13.6 87.5 10.5 88.7 9.1 85.1 12.7 82.8 14.6 82.2 15.0 79.2 19.6 78.5 18.4 82.2 14.5 76.0 19.7 84.4

13.2

not 1.4 1.0 2.8 1.2 .8 1.0 1.3 .4 .5 2.1 5.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 2.9 .5 .6 1.1 3.7 4.2 3.5 .4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.8 2.5 3.7 1.9

not at all .4 .2 .3 .4 .6 .1

.5 .4 .2 .9 .5 .1 .2 .5 .8 .6 .6 .8 .1 1.3 .8 .6

N 1613 984 2023 1390 1995 1199 997 1139 1001 1894 986 1209 1022 1013 1033 968 1004 997 998 989 1005 1091 1901 1325 999 1138 994 1002 997 990 1196 2467

.5

39563

.4 .1 .4 2.2 .3 .5 .2 .9

1_C Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: friends & acquaintances

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very quite 49.9 44.5 58.2 38.4 48.0 46.5 43.7 46.7 35.6 54.2 39.4 47.2 30.5 57.4 33.2 52.3 31.8 44.0 47.5 41.6 59.4 36.9 46.6 45.7 55.0 39.2 70.7 26.9 51.3 43.9 47.7 46.3 61.2 36.1 65.4 32.8 26.2 54.8 24.7 48.1 17.0 67.5 27.4 58.6 26.6 59.7 33.8 53.9 33.8 48.5 26.2 47.3 37.3 48.2 41.8 46.5 38.2 58.9 27.0 52.3 39.1 48.3 27.5 53.7 40.1

48.2

not 5.2 3.0 5.0 9.0 9.2 11.9 11.7 13.5 21.6 9.7 3.5 6.5 4.9 2.2 4.3 5.7 2.3 1.8 18.3 23.7 14.9 12.9 13.3 11.5 15.7 23.4 13.6 11.5 2.8 17.5 10.9 16.2 10.6

not at all .4 .4 .5 .6 1.1 1.5 .4 1.0 2.6 1.2 .2 1.2 1.0 .2 .5 .3 .4 .7 3.5 .6 1.1 .4 .8 2.0 3.1 .9 .3 .1 3.2 1.8 2.7

N 1614 986 2018 1388 1985 1194 994 1137 1000 1902 1003 1207 1019 1014 1036 968 1003 995 999 1008 1003 1088 1896 1325 998 1128 987 1001 995 989 1188 2488

1.1

39557

9

1_D

Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: leisure time

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

10

very 37.0 51.2 32.0 39.2 29.4 31.5 20.2 35.6 48.9 39.0 53.2 37.5 44.6 54.2 39.1 33.8 40.6 45.9 18.9 16.7 15.5 24.8 21.0 32.1 31.4 23.5 22.8 32.5 25.9 25.3 25.0 19.8

quite 51.1 41.3 51.2 47.0 51.8 49.4 63.5 41.3 41.5 47.2 40.8 51.9 44.3 39.7 50.9 53.7 46.3 40.8 53.7 46.3 62.5 57.4 58.1 48.0 48.3 44.9 44.7 47.2 63.2 42.3 42.9 49.5

32.2

49.1

not not at all 10.7 1.2 6.5 1.0 15.1 1.7 13.0 .8 16.6 2.1 16.0 3.0 15.5 .8 17.9 5.2 8.2 1.4 12.1 1.7 4.9 1.1 9.7 .9 9.2 1.8 5.7 .4 9.6 .4 10.8 1.7 10.8 2.3 12.3 1.0 25.4 1.9 30.4 6.6 20.6 1.4 15.4 2.5 19.3 1.6 16.2 3.8 16.8 3.5 27.6 4.0 28.4 4.1 17.9 2.4 10.4 .5 24.7 7.7 25.5 6.5 25.1 5.6 16.1

2.6

N 1615 984 2028 1388 1983 1192 987 1137 993 1903 1001 1200 1008 1010 1033 962 1005 995 987 976 993 1074 1893 1318 992 1117 971 1000 983 970 1148 2445 39291

1_E

Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: politics

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very 8.3 5.3 9.4 9.8 8.0 4.4 4.6 8.8 13.4 9.6 9.8 7.6 8.1 11.5 3.7 6.7 6.0 8.3 2.4 5.8 4.6 6.9 6.5 5.1 5.2 5.1 7.7 2.5 4.4 5.8 11.2 8.0

quite 27.1 29.0 30.1 31.6 25.8 14.9 22.5 26.1 25.1 23.5 47.9 33.6 33.5 43.5 16.1 29.3 26.1 27.2 18.2 17.8 36.1 23.6 24.9 24.2 13.0 20.1 23.5 12.0 27.2 23.7 27.0 30.2

7.2

26.3

not not at all 35.1 29.5 36.5 29.3 41.1 19.5 43.1 15.5 42.3 23.9 39.1 41.6 36.9 36.0 37.5 27.6 39.1 22.4 33.7 33.2 35.8 6.6 37.1 21.7 44.6 13.9 37.3 7.8 54.7 25.5 46.1 17.9 42.3 25.6 44.8 19.7 54.2 25.2 46.2 30.3 47.8 11.5 45.9 23.6 49.0 19.6 42.1 28.7 41.8 39.9 33.5 41.3 47.5 21.2 44.8 40.7 49.3 19.2 44.3 26.2 38.0 23.8 40.7 21.0 41.9

24.6

N 1598 987 2014 1392 1978 1184 987 1135 998 1895 1002 1195 1018 1012 1031 963 991 988 983 1001 968 1080 1887 1311 998 1128 956 1000 976 978 1146 2456 39236

11

1_F

Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life: religion

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 10.9 12.6 9.1 20.2 33.0 14.9 27.3 48.7 67.2 20.8 17.6 15.5 7.9 10.7 13.8 19.1 32.3 27.7 5.5 10.7 14.3 44.7 7.3 27.2 19.8 51.3 16.5 12.3 24.4 12.2 21.6 12.1

Total

20.9

12

quite 26.0 24.8 25.9 33.6 39.1 27.1 48.2 31.0 24.0 26.8 22.2 29.6 19.2 24.3 31.3 36.2 38.4 31.3 16.4 23.6 45.3 39.2 12.4 30.2 22.5 27.8 30.8 24.3 53.2 33.5 32.6 32.6 29.8

not not at all 33.1 30.0 33.0 29.7 34.1 30.9 29.5 16.7 20.1 7.8 30.4 27.5 16.9 7.7 12.2 8.1 6.9 1.9 27.0 25.4 35.0 25.2 30.6 24.4 43.3 29.6 42.5 22.4 36.9 18.0 30.7 14.0 20.5 8.8 26.5 14.5 41.8 36.3 39.4 26.2 33.0 7.5 12.7 3.4 34.0 46.4 22.9 19.6 30.7 27.1 15.2 5.7 29.9 22.8 37.7 25.7 17.2 5.2 32.0 22.3 28.8 17.0 35.0 20.3 28.9

20.5

N 1603 977 2006 1387 1978 1191 990 1135 996 1888 1002 1195 1013 1007 1028 967 993 991 967 999 959 1086 1881 1303 997 1138 959 1002 976 951 1139 2407 39111

2 When you get together with your friends, would you say you discuss political matters frequently, occasionally or never?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

frequently occasionally 11.7 53.1 9.7 38.8 22.9 61.0 19.8 54.4 12.9 54.7 6.6 46.2 11.5 39.4 17.2 56.5 9.5 53.6 14.6 49.5 16.1 64.3 17.0 52.0 24.9 55.2 19.4 60.6 7.5 66.2 13.7 64.6 12.5 47.1 14.4 51.9 14.7 67.4 19.3 58.0 19.6 65.6 20.5 55.9 21.4 65.9 20.1 66.4 10.1 43.8 10.8 51.5 15.5 58.4 7.8 64.4 19.4 63.7 18.1 61.8 19.6 58.3 20.0 54.9 16.0

56.4

never 35.2 51.5 16.1 25.8 32.4 47.1 49.0 26.3 36.9 35.9 19.6 31.0 19.9 20.0 26.3 21.7 40.4 33.6 17.9 22.6 14.8 23.6 12.7 13.5 46.1 37.7 26.2 27.8 17.0 20.1 22.1 25.1

N 1608 971 2014 1389 1990 1188 997 1127 1000 1906 1003 1197 1021 1010 1033 964 1006 989 978 994 993 1084 1906 1315 989 1118 971 1003 997 982 1171 2458

27.6

39373

13

3_A I would give a part of my income if I were certain that the money would be used to prevent environmental pollution

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

14

strongly agree 13.5 7.9 4.5 8.0 10.8 11.2 5.4 29.5 8.7 17.8 16.3 20.4 29.8 23.6 9.3 10.1 9.1 4.4 6.5 14.8 3.3 14.3 16.9 15.6 12.5 16.1 17.5 15.2 29.2 20.3 21.9 14.1 14.2

agree 32.7 40.9 28.8 40.6 54.0 46.6 51.6 46.9 51.6 41.6 57.1 43.5 49.0 55.3 43.9 53.4 45.5 41.2 41.3 55.7 23.2 48.5 60.7 41.0 39.0 36.1 40.0 66.9 53.2 37.4 40.5 49.4 45.5

disagree strongly disagree 26.1 27.7 38.8 12.3 31.1 35.6 29.7 21.6 28.0 7.2 30.8 11.4 32.4 10.6 17.3 6.3 32.2 7.5 22.4 18.3 20.9 5.7 24.0 12.1 15.2 5.9 11.2 10.0 34.5 12.2 30.9 5.6 34.3 11.1 40.8 13.6 40.0 12.1 22.7 6.8 56.3 17.1 26.2 11.1 18.5 4.0 25.6 17.8 20.9 27.6 31.9 15.9 25.5 17.0 14.7 3.3 15.9 1.6 25.7 16.6 33.2 4.4 29.5 7.1 27.4

13.0

N 1572 899 1960 1342 1892 1130 918 1128 987 1852 997 1157 979 1004 990 950 974 896 919 941 898 1036 1826 1271 971 973 915 969 972 922 1102 2279 37622

3_B I would agree to an increase in taxes if the extra money is used to prevent environmental pollution

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

strongly agree disagree strongly agree disagree 9.0 27.6 28.1 35.4 6.4 43.5 37.4 12.7 3.9 25.1 31.8 39.2 5.3 33.4 35.4 26.0 6.5 37.1 42.9 13.5 7.8 39.9 39.1 13.2 4.1 38.6 42.7 14.7 16.5 45.3 26.7 11.5 4.9 43.0 43.2 8.9 12.2 33.6 29.7 24.5 10.9 43.3 36.9 8.8 16.8 39.3 29.0 14.9 22.1 43.0 24.2 10.6 28.2 49.2 13.4 9.2 8.0 42.4 36.4 13.2 6.8 50.4 35.8 7.1 5.7 33.1 46.6 14.6 2.7 41.2 39.6 16.5 3.6 29.8 51.9 14.7 7.6 37.7 42.7 12.0 2.0 18.0 59.9 20.0 10.0 41.1 32.6 16.3 9.9 55.3 28.8 5.9 9.2 30.4 37.7 22.7 7.7 25.8 32.8 33.7 12.5 33.9 32.8 20.8 10.0 34.6 35.7 19.6 8.3 53.2 30.9 7.7 14.3 43.2 34.8 7.7 13.9 32.5 33.3 20.3 13.5 36.0 44.2 6.3 8.5 45.4 37.9 8.2 9.5

38.3

35.6

16.6

N 1575 906 1964 1340 1922 1130 912 1124 988 1867 996 1164 986 1009 992 948 981 917 922 918 892 1027 1831 1267 963 967 911 965 959 915 1066 2236 37558

15

3_C The Government has to reduce environmental pollution but it should not cost me any money

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

16

strongly agree disagree strongly agree disagree 61.5 22.6 12.6 3.3 31.5 45.5 21.2 1.9 30.0 37.6 24.0 8.4 30.3 33.0 28.1 8.7 42.7 38.4 17.0 1.9 42.9 42.2 12.8 2.1 31.2 44.0 21.5 3.3 38.8 40.2 18.1 3.0 26.8 39.0 31.3 2.9 39.3 26.2 28.1 6.4 7.5 17.4 63.4 11.7 32.9 28.1 30.2 8.8 11.1 18.9 52.0 17.9 11.5 31.3 38.0 19.1 19.1 44.6 30.9 5.4 6.2 26.2 58.8 8.8 31.3 38.2 26.8 3.7 27.1 43.9 25.9 3.1 45.8 41.9 11.0 1.4 39.0 47.9 12.0 1.2 46.2 42.6 9.3 1.8 38.8 33.6 22.8 4.9 18.5 36.7 41.3 3.5 42.2 36.6 17.1 4.1 56.5 29.3 9.9 4.3 44.3 31.9 16.9 6.9 44.0 38.7 15.3 2.0 22.4 40.8 32.2 4.7 40.0 37.9 18.3 3.8 47.7 27.6 18.2 6.6 41.2 39.5 17.7 1.6 42.0 37.7 18.3 2.0 34.7

35.4

24.8

5.2

N 1591 915 1951 1344 1930 1152 949 1118 985 1864 996 1135 982 998 975 933 974 927 948 936 921 1025 1818 1260 974 982 929 957 952 929 1094 2307 37751

4

Taking all things together, would you say you are:

France Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very quite not very not at all happy happy happy happy 31.4 59.8 7.6 1.2 19.6 65.7 13.2 1.6 35.8 54.7 8.5 1.0 18.4 61.8 16.5 3.3 19.6 68.4 10.6 1.4 18.1 65.8 14.7 1.5 19.4 48.6 28.4 3.5 30.7 56.0 11.0 2.3 41.0 51.0 5.8 2.2 46.0 49.3 4.2 .6 35.7 58.6 5.0 .7 45.1 49.6 4.9 .4 36.7 56.9 4.8 1.6 24.2 65.9 8.4 1.5 46.7 50.6 2.3 .4 42.4 53.9 3.1 .6 46.8 49.5 2.3 1.4 6.8 60.5 29.0 3.7 6.8 51.2 37.7 4.3 4.8 71.7 20.6 2.8 17.6 60.9 17.8 3.6 11.0 75.1 12.6 1.4 8.1 62.2 24.8 4.8 16.8 54.3 22.2 6.7 3.6 43.7 40.7 12.0 8.0 37.6 41.8 12.7 15.6 62.4 19.5 2.5 13.9 68.2 16.0 1.8 5.4 63.1 26.4 5.1 6.0 42.1 41.9 10.0 6.1 43.4 40.8 9.7 21.9

56.9

17.7

3.5

N 1605 2000 1384 1975 1172 996 1104 1002 1896 1001 1202 1017 1011 1032 965 1006 986 963 986 809 1077 1899 1300 991 1127 977 979 992 903 1155 2432 37945

17

5_A Which, if any, do you belong to?(a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Social welfare services for elderly, handicapped or deprived people

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

18

a 5.6 6.7 3.9 6.6 6.4 3.7 2.0 10.2 2.5 11.4 21.6 14.2 6.6 20.8 10.4 17.4 5.9 4.2 3.4 1.5 .7 3.0 6.5 6.6 1.9 1.7 1.3 5.4 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.4

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 4.1 13.5 1.9 2.3 5.1 2.6 .8 7.5 5.0 5.9 9.1 6.9 4.0 9.2 7.2 8.7 3.8 2.8 2.6 1.8 .6 2.2 3.4 6.1 2.5 1.0 1.5 4.9 1.0 2.5 .6 .5

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1013 1014 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

6.1

39771

3.9

39772

5_B Which, if any, do you belong to?(a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Religious or church organisations

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 4.3 4.9 13.5 25.6 10.3 5.8 5.6 11.8 14.9 12.2 35.1 9.5 12.0 71.5 47.0 71.1 16.2 23.6 7.3 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.6 16.7 12.1 4.4 2.0 6.7 12.2 2.1 4.3 2.3

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

14.0

39773

b 3.2 6.3 5.6 7.1 6.7 3.7 2.6 9.3 13.1 6.1 11.9 6.1 3.4 23.5 7.8 4.6 7.7 9.5 2.8 3.8 4.2 3.7 2.8 13.1 5.4 3.6 1.8 4.5 5.8 4.1 2.2 .5

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1012 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

5.8

39762

19

5_C Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Education, arts, music or cultural activities

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

20

a 7.8 9.7 7.9 13.5 9.9 7.3 3.1 11.2 4.9 18.9 46.2 17.0 16.7 26.4 14.3 15.5 10.1 7.7 7.6 3.7 2.0 2.2 10.3 6.9 3.4 2.6 3.7 9.2 7.8 2.4 3.2 1.3

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1135 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1011 1038 968 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 4.8 2.8 2.8 6.8 6.1 3.0 2.3 8.4 3.8 9.3 16.8 8.3 5.4 11.3 4.8 5.9 4.5 2.1 5.5 4.4 1.6 1.7 5.8 5.6 3.0 1.7 2.4 6.7 4.1 2.0 1.7 .4

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1010 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

9.6

39763

4.8

39761

5_D Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Trade unions

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 4.0 8.2 7.2 20.0 6.2 3.5 1.7 6.5 9.2 15.7 23.4 12.0 54.7 64.0 32.3 59.7 10.0 6.5 4.7 11.3 1.9 10.3 10.5 15.9 7.0 9.2 6.1 16.9 11.8 39.0 20.6 23.6

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 1.4 2.2 .4 2.0 2.2 1.0 .3 3.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.9 10.3 4.1 3.1 1.7 1.3 .5 2.3 1.3 2.3 2.9 5.7 1.3 5.8 3.1 3.3 4.2 5.3 3.8 3.6

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1135 1002 1912 1003 1211 1000 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

16.7

39773

2.8

39743

21

5_E Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Political parties or groups

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

22

a 2.0 2.5 2.8 11.6 4.1 2.0 .9 4.9 6.2 7.0 9.5 6.0 6.7 10.6 6.6 19.0 4.4 2.4 1.6 1.9 1.3 .7 3.6 6.6 1.6 2.3 3.7 3.0 5.0 .6 2.2 .7

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1015 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b .7 1.4 .9 3.2 2.3 1.3 .5 3.2 4.5 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7 4.3 2.7 3.4 1.7 .9 1.4 .9 1.3 .5 2.1 4.8 1.1 1.8 2.8 1.3 2.0 .8 1.3 .3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1015 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

4.3

39772

1.9

39766

5_F Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Local community action on issues like poverty, employment, housing, racial equality

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 2.3 3.8 .7 2.7 2.4 2.2 1.0 2.8 2.8 5.0 7.4 5.5 6.2 9.5 2.6 2.5 5.6 3.3 1.9 .7 .6 1.7 3.2 8.1 1.0 .9 1.1 9.2 1.3 .1 1.8 .8

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1014 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 1.5 1.6 .4 1.1 1.8 1.9 .6 6.5 3.9 2.7 3.9 2.9 3.1 5.5 1.6 .7 3.6 1.1 1.8 1.7 .6 1.3 2.0 6.7 1.3 .6 .8 5.8 .7 .9 1.0 .6

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1013 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

3.0

39773

2.0

39764

23

5_G Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Third world development or human rights

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

24

a 1.4 2.6 .6 3.4 2.9 2.4 .8 1.8 .3 9.8 24.6 11.1 4.1 15.0 5.9 7.5 2.4 2.3 .1 .6 .2 .4 .7 .2 .3 .6 .4 .8 .5 .5 .7 .1

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b .7 4.3 .2 .8 1.9 1.3 .6 3.2 1.6 5.0 3.9 5.1 1.2 4.4 3.2 1.3 1.8 1.1 .2 .3 .1 .1 .4 .2 .2 .4 .2 .4 .4 .7 .2 .0

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1013 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

3.1

39772

1.3

39763

5_H Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Conservation, the environment, ecology, animal rights

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a 2.2 1.5 2.7 9.1 3.8 2.5 .5 5.8 2.0 10.4 44.3 10.7 13.2 11.3 4.4 4.6 2.8 1.2 1.7 .7 .7 1.3 6.6 2.6 1.7 1.0 1.3 3.3 3.0 .9 .6 .7

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1014 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b .9 7.8 1.0 2.1 1.8 1.0 .4 5.4 1.9 3.3 2.5 4.3 2.3 3.8 1.9 1.3 .9 .6 1.1 .5 .4 .5 3.2 2.0 1.8 .6 1.2 2.9 2.1 2.2 .2 .4

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1012 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

4.8

39775

1.9

39763

25

5_I Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Professional associations

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

26

a 3.1 1.6 4.4 7.3 7.1 2.6 1.1 7.7 3.0 8.3 18.5 6.1 11.1 14.5 5.6 19.0 7.7 4.2 3.6 1.4 .5 4.4 5.8 4.9 3.7 1.9 2.5 6.7 3.6 .5 2.0 .9

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1008 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 1.3 7.8 .6 1.5 3.2 .9 .6 3.7 1.7 2.9 3.7 1.4 3.8 4.2 2.0 3.0 3.1 .5 1.5 .5 .2 1.3 2.4 2.9 1.9 1.0 1.6 2.7 2.3 .6 .6 .3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1013 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

5.3

39768

1.9

39764

5_J Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Youth work (e.g. scouts, guides, youth clubs etc.)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 2.0 5.7 1.9 3.4 4.2 2.6 1.2 2.5 2.2 7.5 7.3 8.6 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.9 7.1 5.9 2.2 .7 1.6 1.6 7.0 6.6 .8 .7 1.3 4.5 3.3 .6 1.3 .7

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1015 1013 1038 968 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 1.5 15.3 1.6 2.2 3.0 1.7 .9 2.6 3.1 4.3 4.2 5.7 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.4 4.7 3.2 1.9 .7 1.1 .7 5.7 5.6 1.1 .5 1.4 3.5 1.9 .9 .9 .3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 1999 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1015 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

3.8

39770

2.9

39765

27

5_K Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Sports or recreation

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 16.4 3.0 28.0 22.7 11.5 8.5 8.6 9.6 8.9 23.8 50.3 25.1 33.3 37.0 23.7 34.1 27.6 14.1 8.8 6.6 3.3 3.1 22.8 17.6 3.8 2.1 4.5 16.9 14.1 1.8 1.9 4.0

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1014 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 8.7 3.9 6.7 8.7 6.3 3.5 4.3 5.3 5.5 8.1 16.2 8.8 14.4 17.6 12.0 11.4 13.5 4.0 3.4 6.2 2.3 2.2 10.5 13.4 2.6 1.2 3.7 8.4 7.0 1.2 .7 1.3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1007 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

15.6

39774

6.6

39758

28

5_L Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Women`s groups

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a .4 1.7 3.6 4.2 .4 2.3 2.2 1.3 8.7 4.0 5.7 2.2 3.5 4.0 5.8 4.4 4.0 2.3 .3 .3 1.2 2.5 6.9 .3 .4 1.0 1.9 1.5 .4 .7 .5

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b .1 1.3 1.6 2.5 .4 .9 .1 2.4 1.7 3.1 2.1 2.3 .8 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.1 1.4 .3 .2 .5 1.1 4.7 .2 .3 .8 1.3 1.4 .5 .3 .3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 1999 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1015 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

2.5

39772

1.3

39764

29

5_M Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Peace movements

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a .5 .6 .2 .9 1.4 1.6 .6 2.9 .2 2.3 3.4 2.3 .8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.3 .2 .2 .2 .5 1.3 .3 .3 .1 .7 .8 1.0 .1 .1 .1

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1014 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b .3 4.2 .0 .1 .9 .7 .1 4.7 .5 1.3 .6 1.4 .4 .4 .9 .1 .8 1.2 .4 .1 .1

.0

N 1615 994 2036 1387 1999 1200 1000 1135 1002 1912 1003 1211 1014 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

1.0

39773

.7

39756

30

.2 .2 .4 .4 .6 .8 .6

5_N Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Voluntary organisations concerned with health

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

a 2.5 3.0 2.5 8.5 4.7 2.7 2.2 3.6 1.0 5.0 9.6 7.4 4.0 6.7 9.2 3.0 4.1 4.3 .7 .9 2.0 1.5 5.9 4.4 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.9 3.3 .7 1.4 .7

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1013 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 1.5 10.0 1.3 2.6 2.9 1.4 1.0 4.8 1.7 4.2 7.2 2.9 1.0 2.8 4.1 1.9 2.8 3.4 .7 .5 .5 .6 3.1 3.7 1.2 .6 .6 2.1 2.3 1.7 .6 .3

N 1615 994 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1012 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

Total

3.5

39774

2.3

39763

31

5_O Which, if any, do you belong to? (a) Which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for? (b) : Other groups

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

32

a 6.9 5.0 3.9 9.2 2.6 3.7 3.2 6.8 3.3 10.6 9.7 4.2 14.5 25.0 11.8 2.8 5.4 6.9 4.6 5.0 2.2 2.7 8.7 7.8 2.6 2.1 1.8 9.9 3.7 .8 2.0 1.2

N 1615 994 2036 1392 2000 1200 1000 1143 1002 1912 1003 1211 1016 1010 1038 968 1008 1000 1005 1013 1018 1094 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

b 6.1 * 2.4 4.1 1.6 2.4 2.5 3.2 1.9 7.4 6.8 1.9 6.6 10.4 5.6 1.7 4.2 4.4 3.0 4.7 2.1 2.1 4.4 6.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 5.9 2.8 1.2 1.0 .8

N 1615 * 2036 1387 2000 1200 1000 1142 1002 1912 1003 1211 1008 1014 1038 968 1000 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1003 1000 1207 2500

5.8

39769

3.5

38764

6_A I'm going to ask how often you do certain things. Spend time with friends every week France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

58.5 74.2 49.3 57.2 61.9 67.5 63.6 62.1 41.8 50.2 66.7 62.5 60.1 66.5 60.3 62.3 72.1 67.7 41.7 38.5 36.7 36.5 46.7 45.4 37.0 35.7 57.9 57.7 71.5 52.7 43.5 36.8

Total

53.7

once few not at all twice a times a month year 28.0 11.0 2.5 18.5 5.2 2.1 36.7 12.3 1.7 30.8 9.9 2.0 20.2 13.3 4.6 18.5 10.1 3.9 14.5 16.3 5.6 23.6 11.3 3.1 18.4 21.5 18.2 30.9 14.1 4.9 25.5 6.5 1.3 25.0 9.8 2.7 30.6 7.5 1.8 28.2 5.0 .3 27.7 11.0 1.0 27.2 10.1 .5 21.1 5.3 1.6 25.1 5.8 1.4 35.6 20.0 2.6 33.2 21.7 6.6 35.0 22.7 5.6 30.7 22.9 9.9 34.1 15.3 3.9 34.3 17.4 2.9 29.1 22.0 11.9 24.8 24.4 15.0 24.8 12.8 4.6 25.7 14.0 2.6 20.6 5.9 1.9 27.9 13.9 5.5 28.1 23.4 5.0 29.3 24.9 8.9 27.5

14.3

4.6

N

1612 991 2029 1398 1989 1192 999 1137 944 1892 1001 1204 1016 1014 1031 965 1006 998 1000 1004 955 1083 1881 1322 996 1080 987 1004 980 976 1171 2451 39307

33

6_B I'm going to ask how often you do certain things. Spend time with colleagues every week France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

12.5 18.6 11.3 12.1 16.8 27.0 35.4 24.1 11.1 12.9 14.7 15.8 14.2 17.8 23.3 15.0 25.0 14.2 13.6 15.0 10.3 15.9 15.4 15.7 13.6 28.1 33.6 24.4 29.3 31.6 21.4 16.1

Total

18.1

34

once few times not at all twice a a year month 18.7 24.0 44.7 24.2 26.8 30.3 27.0 39.9 21.8 23.9 26.4 37.5 21.9 26.4 35.0 18.7 18.8 35.4 17.8 16.5 30.2 23.3 21.6 30.9 11.3 25.9 51.8 22.5 33.4 31.2 29.2 38.3 17.7 24.7 18.7 40.8 22.8 40.0 23.0 35.9 37.0 9.3 23.8 33.8 19.1 24.6 44.7 15.7 27.5 20.4 27.0 21.1 24.1 40.6 28.1 46.5 11.9 21.3 24.6 39.0 17.5 27.9 44.3 13.8 21.6 48.7 25.1 33.3 26.2 22.2 32.4 29.7 17.3 20.5 48.5 23.0 22.4 26.5 23.9 16.1 26.5 25.6 28.2 21.9 29.3 15.0 26.3 24.6 23.7 20.0 22.4 25.3 30.8 21.0 26.2 36.7 22.8

27.8

31.3

N

1315 768 1562 1351 1582 892 836 938 711 1100 824 1115 823 685 947 873 832 834 723 938 759 1069 1765 1308 984 501 733 887 706 869 1012 2084 32326

6_C I'm going to ask how often you do certain things. Spend time in church, mosque or synagogue every week France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.1 15.4 12.1 11.5 14.7 16.6 28.9 14.7 51.8 12.6 13.5 10.2 3.3 12.5 12.0 6.2 33.5 27.8 14.2 27.9 8.4 34.2 6.9 20.9 8.8 13.2 6.8 13.1 28.1 23.7 9.9 3.1

Total

15.1

once few times not at all twice a a year month 3.5 9.4 81.9 4.5 8.8 71.4 17.7 25.1 45.1 14.4 22.9 51.2 9.7 20.3 55.3 10.4 19.1 54.0 16.9 27.1 27.2 18.8 19.2 47.4 9.0 11.9 27.2 10.7 14.1 62.6 7.0 10.0 69.6 9.1 14.4 66.3 5.4 36.0 55.3 8.3 10.1 69.1 11.5 21.8 54.8 4.3 15.8 73.7 10.0 12.7 43.8 11.1 14.7 46.4 10.3 26.3 49.1 19.2 26.0 26.9 6.2 8.8 76.6 14.8 13.7 37.3 4.8 9.8 78.4 10.2 11.8 57.1 6.7 15.0 69.4 17.0 22.5 47.3 6.1 17.7 69.4 10.4 21.8 54.7 21.5 20.9 29.6 8.7 16.9 50.7 6.4 22.1 61.6 5.3 18.9 72.6 10.0

17.4

57.5

N

1498 832 1609 1381 1861 1043 939 1006 947 1382 831 1160 995 713 951 925 928 958 232 104 715 1077 1516 1310 985 934 543 950 680 744 1008 1958 32715

35

6_D I'm going to ask how often you do certain things. Spend time in clubs and voluntary associations every week France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

20.6 23.3 27.6 22.1 16.8 17.0 17.8 7.6 33.3 26.7 40.7 28.3 40.5 26.9 18.4 17.3 29.4 19.5 12.8 10.4 5.9 4.4 15.5 14.7 4.1 4.4 11.3 18.9 23.0 8.1 6.8 6.9

Total

18.3

36

once few times not at all twice a a year month 12.9 12.8 53.7 15.7 16.0 45.0 29.9 17.1 25.5 19.9 18.3 39.8 14.4 13.4 55.4 11.6 14.7 56.7 10.6 16.2 55.4 13.6 17.6 61.3 13.3 9.4 44.1 23.2 14.8 35.3 16.1 11.4 31.8 19.5 10.3 41.9 18.0 14.2 27.3 19.1 15.5 38.5 17.9 20.1 43.7 18.4 29.1 35.2 20.2 15.7 34.7 14.6 11.6 54.2 21.1 21.3 44.8 8.1 11.7 69.9 9.1 16.2 68.9 5.8 8.7 81.2 14.8 20.9 48.7 16.9 22.2 46.3 5.8 6.0 84.2 6.5 6.6 82.6 12.6 7.1 69.0 14.8 17.9 48.5 18.6 12.8 45.6 10.1 12.6 69.3 7.0 14.1 72.1 5.9 10.9 76.3 14.8

14.9

52.0

N

1552 905 1519 1377 1800 1012 820 926 631 1395 971 1181 951 761 963 930 922 876 703 781 717 1073 1719 1299 988 619 521 941 609 644 1004 1885 32997

7_A,B On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Criminal record 21.2 48.1 25.0 26.9 47.4 31.8 43.9 68.1 80 27.7 33 29.5 30.6 33.0 39.4 25.7 55.6 47.5 69.0 56.8 66.0 67.9 63.9 81.5 88.5 68.9 74.8 40.5 73.4 72.4 72.1 57.6 50.9

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 965 1004 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

Different race 8.9 8.6 4.8 6.7 15.6 10.3 7.6 24.4 19 14.3 5.5 6.3 7.4 2.5 12.3 3.1 12.1 11.2 15.1 4.8 9.7 17.3 9.9 17 52.0 24.2 28.1 12 17.3 16.5 10.5 8.1

39564

12.8

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500 39567

37

7_C,D On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

38

Left wing extremists 25.3 27.3 49.5 49.6 28.2 24.7 10.5 28.9 37.2 35.5 48.9 41.8 9.2 23.1 13.3 24.6 33.5 35.5 30.4 25.9 34.5 17.6 30.9 18.8 65.3 35.1 54 36 34.4 42.1 35.5 23.2 32.1

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

Heavy drinkers 46.9 51.1 56.3 52.8 40.4 35.4 38.2 47.5 74.4 43.0 56.6 32.0 36.1 33.2 51.0 61.9 36.3 51.2 84.1 74.8 82.1 77.6 75.5 80.3 91.3 76.6 75.6 69.3 61.4 83.2 78.7 73.2

39569

59.9

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500 39568

7_E,F On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Right wing extremists 43.1 30.1 76.7 59.6 30.0 29.2 12.0 29.5 39.9 48.0 68.0 56.9 20.4 47.8 17.8 29.3 32.3 34.3 23.5 21.4 32 15.3 28.9 17.4 68.0 34 52.8 37.0 34.2 39.6 36.1 21.6 36.8

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

Large families 9.5 14.3 5.9 4.3 13.9 5.8 5 11.4 15.6 8.5 6.7 8.2 4.4 4.0 7.5 2.6 9.2 14.4 14.1 4.5 11.5 11.0 8.6 10.0 21.3 14.0 12.1 9.1 13.4 10.4 9.2 6.3

39568

9.4

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1005 1000 1000 1207 2500 39566

39

7_G,H On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

40

Emotionally unstable people 22.4 39.3 21.8 18.4 38.0 19.7 27.5 57.2 29.8 21.5 25.8 19.1 14.1 16.6 29.4 31.0 24.9 34.7 53.7 34.6 61 58.4 18.8 21.9 62.8 52.8 44.1 30.4 40.1 59.5 62.6 54 35.4

N

Muslims

N

1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 964 1006 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

16 13.6 11 15.4 17.2 10.8 7.9 31.1 28.0 20.1 11.8 14.2 16.3 9.1 19.3 11.6 13.6 15.5 22.2 14.5 33.1 23.8 15.2 24.5 60.3 31.4 21.2 22.6 23.8 26.6 24.0 13.8

1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 966 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

38565

19.7

38567

7_I,J On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Immigrants + foreign workers 12 15.5 8.6 12.2 16.5 9.3 2.5 19.4 15.7 16.1 5.3 8.4 10.6 2.8 13.0 3.0 12.3 18.0 20.9 9.8 23.6 23.6 19.4 22.9 62 21.1 24.6 16 19.3 17.1 14.9 11.0 15.9

N

People who have AIDS

N

1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

8.5 24.9 11.0 17.4 31.1 21.0 27.0 37.4 38.6 12.1 7.8 12.2 5.8 6.7 20.9 7.0 22.8 30.7 42.2 29.0 55.1 43.7 20.6 44.7 77.8 47.1 52.2 33.2 46.4 57.5 59.3 52.2

1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1006 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

38568

30.9

38568

41

7_K,L On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

42

Drug addicts 47.8 71.8 58.6 52.7 54.6 52.5 48.1 50.9 71.9 51.3 73.0 43.2 59.7 60.4 75.3 76.1 66.1 78.1 89.9 74.7 86.2 68.8 73.3 79.3 91.5 73.6 71.7 65.3 66.6 86.7 88.2 84.0 68.2

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1006 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

Homosexuals 15.6 24.3 13.1 25.4 28.7 16.4 25.2 41.8 40.0 17.9 6.4 18.6 8.0 6.1 21.3 7.9 26.9 35.2 46.2 45.5 67.6 55.3 19.7 44.0 84.4 65.2 53.9 44.3 46.4 63.3 65.7 57.9

38568

35.1

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500 38569

7_M,N On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours? Jews

N

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.8 6.1 5.2 8.3 12.9 9.2 10.8 29.4 21.0 11.2 1.9 8.3 2.5 2.1 8.6 4.1 10.9 11.7 11.1 5.2 23.0 25.1 4.4 9.9 44.4 23.2 18.1 16.8 15.8 14.8 10.4 11.4

1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500

Gypsies 39.8 36.9 32.4 24.9 55.6 28.0 36.5 43.5 30.2 33.5 19.7 25.2 15.3 19.9 44.3 9.3 24.8 58.3 49.8 27.2 63.3 38.7 39.9 77.2 68.6 51.5 53.7 36.6 32.7 51.1 52.7 45.6

Total

12.1

38568

40.2

N 1615 994 1820 1400 2000 1200 1000 1139 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1038 967 1007 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500 38567

43

8 Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

44

most people cannot be too can be trusted careful 22.2 77.8 29.8 70.2 34.8 65.2 33.9 66.1 32.6 67.4 38.5 61.5 19.1 80.9 20.7 79.3 29.3 70.7 59.7 40.3 25.9 74.1 66.5 33.5 66.3 33.7 58.0 42.0 41.1 58.9 35.2 64.8 39.5 60.5 22.9 77.1 17.1 82.9 24.9 75.1 18.9 81.1 23.9 76.1 15.7 84.3 21.8 78.2 10.1 89.9 26.9 73.1 21.7 78.3 20.5 79.5 41.9 58.1 27.2 72.8 23.7 76.3 30.5

69.5

N 1557 954 1935 1293 1946 1131 1064 988 1826 997 1160 986 974 1016 925 994 967 954 987 957 1061 1869 1288 980 1115 924 982 969 908 1156 2416 37279

9 Please use the scale to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out? 1 2 3 None at all

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

4

5

6

7

8 9 A great deal

Mean 6.45 7.22 7.36 7.51 6.32 6.84 6.91 7.42 6.57 6.75 7.02 7.34 7.41 7.44 7.60 7.35 7.47 6.02 5.81 6.26 6.21 6.86 6.28 6.15 6.72 6.21 7.17 7.04 5.61 5.44 5.59

Std. Dev. 2.17 1.94 1.74 2.02 2.31 1.93 2.07 1.95 2.21 1.72 2.17 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.48 2.12 2.05 2.13 2.30 2.34 2.32 2.00 2.26 2.42 2.72 2.58 2.15 2.14 2.33 2.60 2.56

6.69

2.25

10

N 1594 984 2000 1384 1925 1143 1135 1001 1887 1001 1183 1007 1008 1025 956 999 980 964 960 953 1049 1888 1295 980 1034 936 993 987 932 1097 2422 37702

45

10

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Please use this card to help with your answer. 1 2 3 Dissatisfied

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Satisfied

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 6.93 7.40 7.61 8.02 7.17 7.09 6.98 6.22 8.21 7.44 7.88 7.87 8.24 7.65 7.87 8.05 8.15 8.07 5.90 5.27 5.09 6.37 7.06 6.03 5.69 5.23 5.34 7.23 6.68 4.81 4.56 4.74

Std. Dev. 2.03 1.94 1.79 1.91 2.11 2.01 1.96 2.46 1.62 2.13 1.35 1.85 1.82 1.85 1.68 1.59 1.82 1.70 2.19 2.39 2.63 2.48 1.95 2.22 2.44 2.77 2.69 2.15 2.30 2.21 2.60 2.56

N 1605 985 2020 1392 1982 1174 995 1137 1001 1897 1003 1204 1015 1011 1033 966 1007 991 991 1010 987 1085 1899 1314 995 1119 979 1004 997 966 1166 2481

Total

6.76

2.43

39410

46

11 Why are there people in this country who live in need? Here are four possible reasons. Which one reason do you consider to be most important? unlucky laziness injustice part none or lack of in society modern of willpower progress these France 14.4 11.4 44.3 26.9 2.9 Great Britain 16.4 24.6 30.5 24.4 4.1 Germany 11.7 28.4 36.9 19.6 3.5 Austria 13.8 32.4 21.7 25.0 7.1 Italy 19.5 23.0 37.7 15.6 4.2 Spain 19.8 19.6 48.4 10.4 1.9 Portugal 23.3 41.9 21.6 11.6 1.6 Greece 14.3 29.8 18.2 34.4 3.3 Malta 12.4 50.6 23.7 11.7 1.6 Belgium 26.8 16.0 35.3 20.0 1.9 Netherlands 32.8 14.3 25.8 17.5 9.7 Luxembourg 32.3 22.5 23.3 18.2 3.7 Denmark 19.3 17.2 17.0 33.9 12.7 Sweden 10.2 7.1 49.5 33.1 .0 Finland 14.8 23.0 23.8 35.3 3.1 Iceland 20.8 22.3 29.5 24.2 3.3 Ireland 23.2 20.6 33.0 19.3 3.9 Northern Ireland 16.7 29.0 27.6 24.0 2.6 Estonia 10.8 15.4 41.7 29.7 2.4 Latvia 11.7 29.1 32.4 23.9 2.9 Lithuania 14.2 10.1 50.0 24.5 1.2 Poland 5.8 22.6 50.4 19.4 1.8 Czech Republic 15.6 43.0 18.7 17.6 5.1 Slovakia 11.1 31.4 37.2 11.3 8.9 Hungary 13.0 27.6 37.7 18.8 2.9 Romania 11.3 30.0 43.3 13.1 2.3 Bulgaria 10.5 15.0 49.8 18.7 6.0 Slovenia 10.4 33.2 35.4 17.3 3.7 Croatia 4.3 11.4 68.9 13.9 1.5 Belarus 8.0 21.3 45.9 19.3 5.5 Ukraine 13.1 17.0 26.0 40.8 3.0 Russia 10.3 22.9 22.2 43.5 1.1 Total

15.5

24.1

33.9

22.8

N 1602 946 1928 1365 1965 1127 977 1134 994 1863 995 1176 960 939 1000 919 984 908 989 986 965 1074 1827 1278 954 1102 952 992 983 961 1158 2431

3.7 38436

47

12 And which reason do you consider to be the second most important?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

48

none unlucky laziness injustice part in modern of or lack society progress these of willpowe r 21.0 16.6 26.2 32.7 3.5 20.0 20.4 29.5 23.4 6.7 22.1 20.7 28.4 23.3 5.4 16.4 26.2 29.5 19.6 8.3 22.1 22.4 27.5 21.8 6.1 25.0 19.8 27.9 24.5 2.8 31.2 21.7 24.2 17.5 5.3 18.4 19.0 35.9 24.0 2.8 17.7 22.1 32.7 24.1 3.4 28.1 19.3 26.8 23.5 2.2 31.9 17.3 26.1 18.6 6.0 25.6 24.0 26.5 20.5 3.5 22.8 15.8 17.6 24.1 19.6 21.6 12.8 28.9 36.6 .0 23.2 20.2 23.7 27.7 5.2 28.1 23.9 23.9 20.9 3.3 25.1 19.5 22.6 29.1 3.7 19.3 17.8 25.5 31.9 5.4 23.6 21.2 27.9 22.9 4.3 19.0 23.7 24.8 25.6 6.9 21.1 13.4 26.3 37.2 2.0 20.6 21.4 24.6 31.6 1.8 27.3 26.5 16.9 22.9 6.4 18.0 24.5 27.4 16.2 14.0 24.3 22.3 28.0 23.1 2.4 17.9 28.4 29.1 19.3 5.3 21.3 22.5 21.6 26.7 7.9 13.5 24.4 28.1 27.3 6.6 13.3 28.7 19.5 30.0 8.5 17.7 20.1 25.2 30.5 6.5 19.2 20.0 26.8 30.6 3.3 18.9 25.7 24.5 27.6 3.3 21.8

21.6

26.0

25.2

N

1532 878 1874 1277 1880 1053 958 1076 970 1784 976 1129 891 888 950 884 938 830 955 939 896 1030 1768 1234 889 1033 857 945 938 930 1084 2287

5.3 36555

13_A,B Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job? good pay

N

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

68.2 81.2 75.2 66.2 84.7 83.4 80.2 85.9 89.0 69.7 73.1 65.6 53.9 58.2 64.5 86.3 88.8 88.8 88.5 75.4 92.6 93.0 73.9 91.0 89.7 90.7 90.9 87.2 84.9 88.0 88.5 89.8

1615 994 2007 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1905 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500

pleasant people 65.0 72.5 65.3 67.7 72.0 66.3 66.7 72.6 83.2 71.2 89.7 74.1 77.9 84.2 74.1 82.9 76.8 71.1 71.0 32.1 59.6 74.4 63.9 51.1 85.0 75.3 64.2 90.0 76.8 69.1 65.9 55.1

Total

80.5

39759

69.7

N 1615 994 1987 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1002 1000 1207 2500 39735

49

13_C,D Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

50

not too much pressure 11.5 28.3 23.7 17.8 60.3 39.0 24.4 53.4 67.6 27.8 33.4 35.8 13.9 35.0 30.9 32.4 43.6 40.1 24.1 8.4 34.2 63.1 35.6 18.5 56.8 33.6 39.8 71.3 61.4 20.4 29.3 17.3 34.3

N

good job security

N

1615 994 1902 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1899 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500

46.3 65.1 79.3 75.4 76.1 74.7 64.4 68.4 71.7 44.9 28.7 59.1 50.2 51.0 68.1 58.4 67.9 76.4 50.8 38.0 74.7 79.6 52.2 71.9 88.7 86.8 80.7 88.4 78.3 29.6 72.2 69.1

1615 994 2016 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1010 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500

39648

65.3

39763

13_E,F Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job? good chances for promotion France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

30.2 35.5 37.4 36.2 47.7 43.8 32.0 59.8 60.9 30.6 30.8 35.2 17.2 30.1 19.6 43.8 51.1 48.8 26.8 20.1 37.3 49.7 24.3 24.6 67.4 61.3 44.5 73.6 60.5 25.6 38.9 29.3

Total

38.8

N

a job respected by people in general 1615 25.9 994 25.0 1932 43.0 1400 35.9 2000 61.4 1200 33.5 1000 49.6 1141 74.2 1002 74.0 1912 43.1 1003 49.4 1211 37.1 1018 10.9 1014 28.8 1038 29.7 968 51.1 1012 43.9 1000 43.5 1005 31.5 1013 32.9 1018 21.2 1095 66.6 1901 35.2 1327 21.9 1000 83.5 1146 68.8 1000 51.7 1002 75.0 1002 49.8 1000 30.1 1207 52.6 2500 46.6

39676

44.4

N

1615 994 1938 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39687

51

13_G,H Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job? good hours

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

36.1 55.0 38.7 42.6 64.1 60.7 43.9 54.2 79.2 41.7 38.4 52.1 32.1 44.5 48.3 60.3 62.7 70.4 56.4 18.7 53.8 50.0 30.9 43.4 79.1 58.9 62.0 40.6 64.4 54.2 49.6 39.8

1615 994 1933 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1901 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500

an opportunity to use initiative 42.8 39.2 52.6 48.5 64.5 35.0 35.4 45.3 68.9 47.9 62.1 48.8 49.7 51.9 48.2 63.1 58.8 51.5 34.7 14.1 31.7 56.2 29.7 31.0 61.4 59.0 50.1 78.4 59.2 25.1 42.3 30.6

Total

49.5

39680

46.7

52

N

N

1615 994 1931 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1905 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39681

13_I,J Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a useful job for society 30.3 27.4 33.4 35.6 65.5 43.8 51.5 57.2 72.5 40.4 39.0 43.8 25.9 24.9 30.5 46.6 41.0 40.3 26.9 29.3 28.8 48.0 32.4 24.0 73.9 65.2 57.0 73.1 57.4 25.9 31.1 22.2 41.1

N 1615 994 1925 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1002 1000 1207 2500

generous holidays 19.8 39.3 23.9 20.4 34.7 34.2 37.3 26.2 35.2 30.9 27.7 36.7 16.2 19.5 20.8 17.6 44.2 55.6 20.4 9.9 29.9 30.5 16.9 18.6 53.8 40.7 34.1 45.8 48.2 36.1 42.8 28.9

39673

30.4

N 1615 994 1904 1400 1999 1200 1000 1140 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1900 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39649

53

13_K,L Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job? meeting people

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

43.5 42.3 52.2 46.8 65.7 37.9 35.9 48.7 59.1 51.0 60.0 47.5 46.1 45.8 40.6 53.8 52.1 58.6 44.1 42.7 40.5 52.0 34.0 23.4 69.4 55.1 56.4 69.4 61.6 36.5 41.7 34.1

1615 994 1938 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1094 1901 1327 1000 1146 1000 1005 1002 1000 1207 2500

a job in which you can achieve something 50.3 57.9 51.7 56.5 75.4 47.7 48.1 49.1 68.9 47.0 39.4 54.9 55.2 72.3 56.2 80.6 71.2 66.7 44.6 32.3 42.1 66.5 38.1 36.2 77.2 73.8 64.6 90.3 67.0 31.2 50.9 38.5

Total

47.7

39684

55.1

54

N

N

1615 994 1958 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1902 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39707

13_M,N Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a responsible job 48.9 36.7 55.0 48.9 52.7 36.0 42.3 46.9 59.8 44.4 41.3 55.0 47.5 54.6 40.4 38.6 53.6 49.1 17.3 14.9 18.3 53.2 29.0 21.4 77.8 56.6 40.4 72.8 46.0 14.2 35.0 26.2 42.6

N

1615 994 1941 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1903 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500

an interesting job 65.6 67.9 70.1 57.3 75.5 53.2 45.0 56.1 84.9 57.2 54.8 64.0 65.0 69.9 76.0 76.1 71.7 75.1 65.4 48.0 63.4 74.3 56.7 49.4 76.8 66.2 63.5 91.6 78.0 58.2 70.3 69.0

39692

65.9

N

1615 994 1978 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39728

55

13_O Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

56

A job that meets one’s abilities 50.0 38.6 54.4 59.2 75.4 55.3 46.5 59.7 92.5 56.1 66.7 57.0 54.3 41.1 54.2 65.3 60.4 60.6 54.7 41.6 51.9 66.0 56.1 55.4 86.3 79.3 78.4 86.4 74.4 39.1 61.1 54.0 60.0

N 1615 994 1964 1400 2000 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1018 1014 1038 968 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1006 1002 1000 1207 2500 39715

13_P Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

Great Britain Austria Italy Spain Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Iceland Lithuania Czech Republic Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Total

Good physical working conditions 46.1 44.5 67.5 52.3 40.7 41.4 59.8 77.0 49.1 57.7 72.8 77.1 54.1

N 994 1400 2000 1200 1912 1003 1211 968 1018 1903 1000 1002 1000

56.4

16612

13_Q Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job?

Great Britain Austria Italy Spain Luxembourg Iceland Lithuania Croatia Belarus Total

To have time off at the weekends 44.2 38.9 52.8 51.6 43.8 47.9 52.3 67.5 36.6 48.4

N 994 1400 2000 1200 1211 968 1018 1002 1000 10794

57

14 Are you yourself employed or not?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

58

employed not employed 48.0 52.0 53.3 46.7 51.5 48.5 58.9 41.1 55.9 44.1 42.8 57.3 51.4 48.6 60.3 39.7 47.7 52.3 45.2 54.8 65.1 34.9 50.8 49.2 63.0 37.0 65.7 34.3 51.0 49.0 81.0 19.0 59.3 40.7 54.1 45.9 60.7 39.3 47.0 53.0 46.4 53.6 48.7 51.3 58.3 41.7 58.1 41.9 43.3 56.7 38.9 61.1 41.6 58.4 56.5 43.5 52.4 47.6 64.9 35.1 51.4 48.6 55.4 44.6 53.8

46.2

N 1615 980 2023 1400 1995 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1019 1014 1035 968 1011 1000 1005 1002 1018 1094 1893 1327 999 1146 1000 1006 1001 1000 1207 2500 1615

15 0verall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your job? 1 2 3 Dissatisfied

4

5

6

7

8

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 7.09 7.29 7.71 7.72 7.34 7.29 7.63 6.48 8.44 7.58 7.52 7.56 8.06 7.33 7.69 7.87 7.80 7.56 6.69 6.73 6.85 6.61 7.29 6.70 6.83 6.69 7.18 7.22 6.90 5.47 5.91 6.19

Std.Dev. 1.89 1.86 1.59 2.03 2.03 1.93 1.97 2.45 1.65 1.83 1.40 1.85 1.79 1.88 1.56 1.59 1.96 2.18 2.26 2.35 2.45 2.35 2.11 1.97 2.35 2.55 2.45 2.02 2.28 2.24 2.65 2.64

Total

7.16

2.18

9 10 Satisfied N 769 494 1018 814 1109 509 506 663 478 857 653 607 640 664 527 780 596 530 595 477 460 533 1103 760 431 437 411 555 523 637 608 1365 21107

59

16

How free are you to make decisions in your job? Please use this card to indicate how much decision-making freedom you feel you have. 1 2 3 None at all

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 A great deal

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 6.36 6.66 6.58 7.06 6.63 6.61 6.79 6.68 7.15 6.99 7.55 6.43 7.79 7.65 7.28 7.65 6.95 6.59 5.88 5.39 4.89 5.88 6.27 5.64 5.27 6.27 5.85 6.33 5.78 5.09 5.48 5.55

Std. Dev. 2.56 2.26 2.00 2.10 2.55 2.70 2.36 2.61 2.64 2.42 1.82 2.46 2.17 2.04 2.20 2.09 2.57 2.75 2.56 3.02 3.31 2.90 2.63 2.54 2.93 2.96 3.09 2.58 2.87 2.67 2.94 2.87

Total

6.43

2.66

60

N 771 494 1020 813 1108 510 503 661 478 856 653 601 636 663 521 780 597 531 591 472 459 531 1095 756 382 430 407 556 521 629 594 1358 20976

17_A Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To fully develop your talents, you need to have a job agree agree strongly France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

50.8 17.0 32.3 44.3 30.0 29.2 36.9 40.5 10.7 28.8 9.6 38.3 34.9 16.1 18.0 8.5 23.7 14.4 35.5 30.3 25.6 46.4 36.5 34.3 43.4 30.9 46.4 30.5 22.9 36.5 36.2 33.8

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagree 26.8 11.3 6.4 4.7 36.5 16.0 25.9 4.7 50.2 8.3 7.7 1.5 44.8 .0 8.6 2.4 43.3 16.4 9.0 1.3 47.6 13.7 8.4 1.2 52.8 7.0 3.2 .1 31.3 18.1 6.1 4.1 38.8 14.2 34.5 1.8 27.2 17.2 16.6 10.2 28.8 14.0 41.2 6.5 31.1 10.9 12.7 7.1 38.3 10.1 13.6 3.1 33.8 20.8 23.8 5.5 41.1 17.9 19.4 3.6 27.1 22.8 33.6 8.0 36.7 9.0 28.5 2.2 43.4 13.9 24.7 3.6 44.4 10.8 7.0 2.3 54.8 9.0 5.2 .7 45.8 22.6 5.5 .5 45.3 5.2 2.4 .6 43.0 12.1 7.7 .7 32.9 15.7 12.1 5.0 38.8 11.9 4.6 1.3 47.9 15.4 4.0 1.8 40.6 8.0 4.3 .6 41.3 14.5 12.4 1.3 38.4 14.9 20.8 3.2 38.2 9.2 14.2 1.9 44.2 10.5 8.3 .8 46.7 10.9 7.5 1.0

Total

31.3

40.2

12.7

12.9

N

1611 989 2018 1383 1956 1183 983 1138 988 1894 1003 1189 1012 1009 1027 958 1005 975 988 1003 947 1082 1892 1294 968 1037 958 996 983 945 1158 2396

2.9 38966

61

17_B Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is humiliating to receive money without having to work for it. agree agree strongly France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

23.7 8.8 13.0 20.7 30.5 11.0 11.6 31.0 18.8 22.8 6.2 28.6 13.5 11.4 13.0 9.7 13.3 7.0 17.9 18.4 21.8 26.4 15.7 24.5 23.4 31.8 35.2 23.8 27.6 24.7 21.5 19.0

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagree 20.4 19.5 15.1 21.3 29.7 22.1 31.3 8.1 25.2 23.3 24.9 13.6 29.3 .0 33.5 16.5 36.8 18.2 11.8 2.7 27.3 31.7 23.5 6.5 45.1 21.6 18.6 3.2 35.2 17.5 11.4 4.8 45.6 13.2 20.9 1.6 19.5 19.5 19.0 19.2 20.5 17.1 45.0 11.1 26.7 17.6 16.9 10.2 23.9 14.6 34.1 14.0 28.4 21.2 31.5 7.5 30.0 19.5 31.9 5.5 31.8 22.0 30.6 5.9 33.6 16.2 33.0 3.9 29.1 20.1 36.2 7.5 34.9 23.2 17.4 6.6 44.1 16.0 19.9 1.6 48.0 19.8 9.1 1.3 37.2 18.0 14.6 3.8 31.1 23.4 25.8 4.0 29.1 22.8 15.7 7.8 27.8 25.8 17.8 5.2 33.2 18.4 9.0 7.7 36.6 17.0 9.5 1.7 29.3 20.3 21.6 5.0 37.7 16.9 15.6 2.2 29.2 17.2 21.0 7.9 41.8 17.3 18.0 1.4 45.0 16.6 16.9 2.5

Total

19.9

32.4

62

19.0

21.4

N

1605 982 1975 1332 1958 1144 980 1135 996 1880 998 1172 1001 999 1029 955 993 968 968 965 954 1056 1883 1289 971 1110 967 989 989 924 1147 2399

7.4 38714

17_C Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People who don`t work turn lazy agree agree agree disagree disagree strongl nor strongly y disagre e France 27.3 27.2 18.3 14.1 13.2 Great Britain 8.5 34.8 22.0 27.5 7.2 Germany 16.3 33.7 21.1 22.3 6.6 Austria 36.2 39.3 .0 18.2 6.4 Italy 31.2 44.5 13.8 9.1 1.4 Spain 18.7 41.2 22.4 14.6 3.2 Portugal 23.4 46.5 16.8 12.0 1.3 Greece 34.5 32.2 14.1 12.6 6.6 Malta 24.1 49.2 11.1 14.5 1.1 Belgium 21.9 27.6 17.7 17.5 15.3 Netherlands 6.3 27.2 19.5 38.1 8.9 Luxembourg 29.7 31.1 14.1 15.7 9.4 Denmark 28.3 36.9 11.3 16.8 6.6 Sweden 8.6 28.0 20.8 30.5 12.1 Finland 15.0 40.3 16.9 23.8 4.0 Iceland 2.9 14.4 18.9 49.1 14.7 Ireland 13.7 43.1 13.5 26.1 3.7 Northern Ireland 9.0 38.9 15.8 30.4 6.0 Estonia 23.7 40.8 15.4 17.8 2.3 Latvia 25.6 49.2 9.9 14.0 1.3 Lithuania 16.0 38.5 22.2 19.3 4.1 Poland 34.8 43.2 10.7 9.1 2.2 Czech Republic 29.5 49.5 9.8 9.2 1.9 Slovakia 47.4 31.5 10.7 7.7 2.8 Hungary 40.5 33.2 12.6 9.1 4.5 Romania 36.6 43.7 12.7 4.5 2.5 Bulgaria 28.9 38.7 18.1 12.3 2.0 Slovenia 41.5 44.3 8.1 5.3 .9 Croatia 24.7 40.8 13.6 17.6 3.2 Belarus 35.5 30.7 8.6 17.8 7.4 Ukraine 25.4 41.0 13.1 19.4 1.1 Russia 27.6 45.9 10.5 13.7 2.3 Total

25.3

38.0

14.4

17.1

N

1609 983 1980 1338 1958 1154 988 1131 995 1883 1003 1169 996 1002 1028 952 994 984 976 993 960 1070 1895 1300 976 1115 978 1003 990 961 1171 2441

5.3 38975

63

17_D Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Work is a duty towards society agree agree strongly

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

27.3 7.6 17.2 40.1 23.9 13.9 33.9 26.7 28.1 28.1 10.7 34.1 22.3 13.4 16.0 11.1 12.4 4.7 16.5 17.7 8.9 29.8 18.9 28.5 30.1 33.1 30.3 28.9 16.7 31.9 19.1 14.0

28.9 41.6 46.6 42.1 43.5 46.7 52.2 37.1 59.8 34.2 48.1 34.6 47.5 44.9 45.5 47.3 47.8 45.8 43.4 49.4 36.1 43.3 44.0 34.6 39.5 46.1 45.1 47.3 44.0 31.3 33.6 41.5

Total

21.9

42.5

64

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagre e 19.3 11.8 12.7 27.5 19.2 4.0 18.2 12.2 5.9 .0 13.9 3.9 18.9 11.8 1.8 24.0 11.2 4.2 9.4 4.0 .5 15.9 16.2 4.2 7.7 4.3 .1 16.3 12.5 8.9 18.1 20.6 2.5 14.2 11.8 5.3 16.6 10.2 3.4 21.6 16.1 4.0 18.6 16.8 3.1 18.8 19.3 3.4 18.2 20.6 1.0 21.4 24.7 3.4 20.4 14.7 5.0 14.8 16.5 1.5 31.7 20.4 2.8 13.8 11.3 1.8 19.5 14.7 2.9 18.9 12.1 5.9 16.5 10.1 3.7 14.5 4.2 2.2 13.3 9.2 2.1 14.0 7.6 2.1 19.1 17.4 2.8 13.7 15.8 7.4 19.6 25.2 2.5 19.7 21.7 3.1 17.4

14.4

N

1611 970 2000 1372 1942 1148 994 1128 998 1890 1002 1173 1005 1006 1030 961 985 958 969 975 950 1069 1889 1297 980 1068 963 999 981 951 1153 2423

3.9 38838

17_E Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? People shouldn`t have to work if they don`t want to agree agree strongly

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

12.9 3.2 5.3 3.2 4.8 4.2 2.8 3.4 5.2 10.5 2.1 10.9 2.3 2.0 5.5 3.6 3.5 2.3 5.8 3.0 7.9 19.3 5.3 7.4 7.9 17.0 8.4 5.1 4.4 22.9 8.2 6.0

20.3 15.8 14.7 9.4 19.5 18.0 13.4 23.4 41.3 19.5 17.8 19.0 7.1 9.6 21.0 37.9 24.7 22.0 27.5 30.9 30.5 47.2 26.4 14.3 17.7 38.4 24.9 11.4 19.7 30.6 30.2 29.5

6.8

22.7

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagre e 20.7 20.5 25.6 21.7 39.0 20.3 18.4 33.6 27.9 .0 32.6 54.8 21.1 44.3 10.3 26.8 39.1 11.9 20.9 47.0 15.8 13.5 44.8 14.8 16.1 33.1 4.2 20.2 23.5 26.2 14.7 48.2 17.3 13.3 29.3 27.5 11.0 48.1 31.6 13.0 49.0 26.4 23.1 39.7 10.8 25.0 27.0 6.5 14.1 47.8 10.0 17.4 46.2 12.1 19.6 38.1 9.0 15.9 45.3 4.9 22.1 34.2 5.3 13.9 16.4 3.1 17.5 39.4 11.3 15.0 30.6 32.8 15.9 31.0 27.5 20.1 15.1 9.4 26.9 31.0 8.8 14.3 47.2 21.9 19.7 40.3 16.0 12.0 22.5 11.9 14.8 42.3 4.4 15.4 39.4 9.7 17.3

36.1

N

1590 980 1975 1352 1934 1144 984 1132 994 1877 1001 1163 1003 1004 1023 952 981 953 954 958 936 1054 1878 1282 975 1062 942 991 977 947 1128 2374

17.2 38501

65

17_F Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Work should always come first, even if it means less spare time agree agree strongly

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

14.4 4.1 13.0 19.4 17.7 14.0 8.8 26.1 11.9 14.6 4.4 18.6 15.5 7.3 9.0 5.3 6.5 5.5 12.9 13.3 15.5 25.3 12.6 27.3 38.8 37.2 24.8 19.0 14.8 13.2 19.0 16.2

19.7 22.4 34.2 39.5 31.8 36.8 37.4 28.5 34.0 19.7 18.1 21.8 33.8 21.4 29.9 28.3 28.6 25.1 34.6 36.7 39.7 36.8 43.1 33.8 38.8 42.8 28.0 36.6 32.5 22.3 28.1 34.1

Total

15.9

31.3

66

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagre e 18.7 24.1 23.1 20.5 42.9 10.2 28.4 20.1 4.3 .0 32.1 9.0 18.5 26.3 5.8 23.9 19.8 5.4 21.9 28.3 3.6 15.6 20.4 9.3 17.7 32.9 3.4 19.4 26.9 19.4 11.4 52.4 13.7 17.8 26.3 15.5 17.8 25.8 7.1 19.2 39.2 12.8 20.9 33.9 6.3 16.1 44.5 5.7 18.4 41.0 5.4 21.9 40.5 7.0 20.8 26.5 5.2 17.3 29.2 3.6 22.6 19.6 2.6 16.0 20.6 1.3 22.4 19.1 2.9 19.1 14.2 5.6 14.2 6.4 1.8 13.4 4.6 2.0 37.6 7.8 1.8 18.7 21.3 4.4 17.7 29.3 5.7 15.0 34.6 15.0 22.0 28.5 2.4 23.0 23.2 3.5 19.3

26.2

N

1612 987 1999 1357 1964 1175 977 1126 996 1894 1003 1181 997 1008 1023 960 992 977 950 981 950 1069 1873 1294 985 1104 962 996 995 956 1147 2430

7.3 38922

18 Imagine two secretaries, of the same age, doing practically the same job. One finds out that the other earns [£ 30] * a week more than she does. The better paid secretary, however, is quicker, more efficient and more reliable at her job. In your opinion is it fair or not fair that one secretary is paid more than the other? fair

unfair

N

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

76.7 73.0 86.9 88.9 77.6 70.1 73.1 85.8 77.1 71.3 74.8 82.6 82.0 74.4 75.9 86.3 64.6 70.6 84.5 80.9 82.0 88.0 96.4 91.3 83.3 89.4 89.4 89.1 91.1 85.2 91.8 93.3

23.3 27.0 13.1 11.1 22.4 29.9 26.9 14.2 22.9 28.7 25.2 17.4 18.0 25.6 24.1 13.7 35.4 29.4 15.5 19.1 18.0 12.0 3.6 8.7 16.7 10.6 10.6 10.9 8.9 14.8 8.2 6.7

1540 916 1952 1335 1906 1077 955 1082 985 1842 987 1158 962 958 1000 947 943 921 920 918 894 1060 1889 1258 955 1092 888 978 967 940 1154 2364

Total

82.8

17.2

37744

* [your own currency]

67

19 People have different ideas about following instruction at work. Some say that one should follow instructions of one's superiors even when one does not fully agree with them. Others say that one should follow one's superior's instructions only when one is convinced that they are right. Which of these two opinions do you agree with?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

68

follow be depends instructions convinced 33.6 40.2 26.2 44.4 32.7 23.0 36.3 28.0 35.7 25.3 39.8 34.9 26.9 33.1 40.0 36.9 40.5 22.6 42.4 44.1 13.6 38.5 30.7 30.7 29.5 50.4 20.1 30.4 44.5 25.1 27.3 30.9 41.7 33.0 32.2 34.8 35.7 26.4 37.9 38.0 33.2 28.8 30.4 59.3 10.3 42.3 32.6 25.1 37.1 37.8 25.1 47.9 36.0 16.1 21.1 30.6 48.3 26.7 46.4 26.9 19.3 46.5 34.2 25.5 49.6 24.9 30.5 34.1 35.4 33.6 31.6 34.8 43.0 33.9 23.1 34.6 29.0 36.4 35.8 45.5 18.7 18.7 47.8 33.5 22.8 55.4 21.9 16.3 37.7 46.0 37.2 42.3 20.5 40.5 46.6 12.9 32.7

38.8

28.4

N 1598 975 2010 1375 1954 1141 995 1103 994 1888 1003 1188 988 1004 1023 963 995 978 976 997 913 1070 1888 1305 975 1100 953 990 993 934 1173 2434 38873

20_A Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to … (your nationality) people over immigrants.

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree disagree 54.0 36.0 58.1 32.1 58.6 30.0 72.1 18.2 61.4 20.3 65.0 19.6 63.4 22.7 85.0 7.5 93.8 4.3 51.2 43.0 27.3 62.9 47.9 41.9 34.3 54.3 11.3 77.9 65.3 27.5 69.7 26.2 72.8 21.4 74.7 19.2 47.4 43.9 74.4 18.3 94.2 3.6 90.6 3.7 84.0 8.9 88.1 5.1 89.9 6.5 74.3 14.6 88.1 5.8 75.8 12.2 88.1 8.2 85.1 9.7 69.9 23.6 73.1 20.8 68.1

23.5

neither 9.9 9.8 11.4 9.7 18.4 15.3 13.9 7.5 1.9 5.8 9.8 10.2 11.4 10.8 7.2 4.1 5.8 6.1 8.7 7.3 2.2 5.7 7.1 6.7 3.6 11.1 6.0 11.9 3.7 5.2 6.5 6.1 8.4

N 1572 960 1961 1385 1959 1161 979 1132 1001 1863 997 1168 989 1001 1017 951 995 965 954 977 997 1090 1886 1304 983 1090 959 989 982 962 1125 2344 38698

69

20_B Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When jobs are scarce, men have more right to a job than women.

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

70

agree disagree 21.8 68.3 22.9 63.7 26.8 56.5 26.7 54.4 27.0 56.8 21.7 62.5 29.5 59.1 34.8 60.4 48.8 42.7 25.4 69.5 14.1 81.9 26.2 64.1 6.2 89.4 2.4 93.4 9.9 83.1 3.5 94.3 15.3 77.2 16.0 75.8 13.6 75.5 19.8 69.5 24.4 63.3 34.9 47.8 18.4 65.9 24.1 54.4 24.7 66.7 37.9 47.4 38.9 45.1 17.8 67.8 20.9 72.6 24.8 63.8 30.8 60.0 36.4 52.4 24.0

64.6

neither 9.9 13.5 16.7 18.9 16.2 15.8 11.5 4.8 8.4 5.1 4.0 9.7 4.4 4.3 7.0 2.2 7.5 8.2 11.0 10.7 12.3 17.2 15.7 21.5 8.6 14.7 15.9 14.4 6.6 11.4 9.2 11.2 11.3

N 1598 943 1964 1363 1965 1149 995 1120 995 1879 1000 1181 1003 1011 1026 960 982 958 957 980 964 1068 1888 1278 976 1087 949 993 988 947 1131 2398 38697

20_C Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to local people over people from other parts of the country

Italy Spain Luxembourg Poland Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree 41.1 50.5 71.2 69.5 76.1 55.2 75.3 60.4 68.8 69.4

disagree 38.9 32.9 21.0 17.0 13.8 26.5 17.9 26.4 24.1 22.0

neither 20.0 16.6 7.7 13.5 10.1 18.2 6.8 13.2 7.1 8.6

62.6

25.0

12.4

N 1958 1154 1165 1062 960 992 979 936 1117 2349 12673

71

20a How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purposes of life?

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Estonia Lithuania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

72

often sometimes 24.4 36.4 22.0 45.8 33.7 48.0 50.3 36.7 35.9 39.9 36.5 40.5 36.7 37.8 42.2 44.3 39.9 37.4 39.6 40.8 45.6 31.9 40.3 40.5 35.8 43.1 50.8 36.1 48.6 31.2 39.3

39.1

rarely 22.3 24.4 13.8 8.8 18.4 18.8 22.1 11.4 17.4 16.0 18.0 15.2 15.7 10.4 14.6

never 16.9 7.8 4.4 4.2 5.8 4.2 3.5 2.1 5.3 3.7 4.5 4.0 5.5 2.7 5.6

16.3

5.4

N 977 2026 1397 1986 1188 1013 1012 1036 987 1001 983 995 987 1188 2464 19241

21 Here are two statements which people sometimes make when discussing good and evil. Which one comes closest to your own point of view? A. There are absolutely clear guidelines about what is good and evil. These always apply to everyone, whatever the circumstances; B. There can never be absolutely clear guidelines about what is good and evil. What is good and evil depends entirely upon the circumstances at the time. A

B

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

25.4 41.5 34.8 20.3 36.4 34.2 39.0 22.7 48.7 30.7 26.9 23.2 10.4 15.8 29.3 9.0 38.8 46.9 30.0 41.0 34.9 50.8 23.5 36.4 15.4 39.5 33.2 21.9 32.2 24.8 42.9 38.7

66.8 53.8 58.7 73.3 50.5 58.5 57.3 70.3 48.3 63.1 69.0 69.0 85.3 81.1 66.1 88.2 51.9 48.1 61.9 54.1 59.6 45.6 70.2 54.2 75.5 54.8 59.9 65.1 63.4 69.9 54.1 57.9

disagree with both 7.8 4.7 6.5 6.4 13.2 7.3 3.7 7.0 3.0 6.2 4.1 7.7 4.3 3.1 4.6 2.8 9.2 5.0 8.1 4.8 5.5 3.6 6.3 9.4 9.1 5.7 6.8 13.0 4.5 5.3 3.1 3.5

Total

31.4

62.4

6.3

N 1567 911 1994 1335 1922 1055 913 1127 984 1858 1000 1136 995 998 1012 944 972 938 961 970 928 1014 1852 1264 939 1017 903 961 966 874 1133 2318 37760

73

22 Do you belong to a religious denomination? yes

no

N

France Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

57.5 76.6 88.1 82.2 82.0 89.0 97.2 98.7 64.2 46.0 72.2 90.0 75.8 88.0 95.7 90.7 86.1 24.9 59.3 81.3 95.7 33.6 76.8 57.1 97.6 70.0 70.0 86.8 52.2 56.4 50.5

42.5 23.4 11.9 17.8 18.0 11.0 2.8 1.3 35.8 54.0 27.8 10.0 24.2 12.0 4.3 9.3 13.9 75.1 40.7 18.7 4.3 66.4 23.2 42.9 2.4 30.0 30.0 13.2 47.8 43.6 49.5

1615 2030 1383 1999 1200 1000 1140 1002 1912 1002 1206 1021 1014 1032 966 1012 998 1005 1011 1018 1095 1900 1327 997 1146 1000 1005 1001 1000 1200 2500

Total

72.2

27.8

38736

74

23 Which one? Roman Protestant Evan. Orthodox Other Catholic France 91.8 2.4 0.8 1.9 3.1 Great Britain 15.4 60.3 1.7 .1 22.5 Germany 41.8 50.6 2.6 .5 4.5 Austria 91.5 6.4 1.0 1.2 Italy 99.3 .4 .1 .1 .2 Spain 98.6 1.1 .3 Portugal 96.6 .6 2.8 Greece .9 98.6 .5 Malta 99.0 .9 .1 Belgium 86.3 1.7 3.1 .6 8.3 Netherlands 51.3 21.0 16.9 10.8 Denmark .9 96.8 .4 1.9 Sweden 2.0 92.3 .7 .5 4.6 Finland .1 94.9 1.5 1.3 2.1 Iceland 95.1 .4 4.4 Ireland 95.9 1.6 .7 1.9 Northern Ireland 47.6 17.7 31.7 1.1 1.9 Estonia 1.6 53.8 41.0 3.6 Latvia 33.2 28.6 7.4 28.3 2.5 Lithuania 92.5 2.9 3.5 1.1 Poland 98.4 .4 .7 .3 .3 Czech Republic 84.3 10.8 2.2 .2 2.5 Slovakia 83.3 14.6 .3 1.1 .7 Hungary 69.4 26.3 3.2 .5 .5 Romania 7.7 2.1 1.4 87.7 1.1 Bulgaria .3 .9 .1 83.0 15.7 Slovenia 94.9 .4 .9 2.3 1.6 Croatia 97.8 .5 .1 1.6 Ukraine 1.7 3.9 1.3 77.3 15.8 Russia .5 .6 91.7 7.2 Total

58.1

15.2

2.7

17.2

N 925 818 1541 1207 1635 981 883 1107 989 1212 461 910 769 908 922 916 845 249 597 822 1047 630 1019 563 1107 696 701 867 641 1255

6.8 27224

75

24a

Were you ever a member of a religious denomination?

France Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 20.3 10.9 13.8 13.5 11.1 4.4 91.8 76.9 24.3 35.8 58.0 76.2 17.2 86.0 98.3 66.3 68.0 6.5 11.2 6.1 60.9 13.0 26.0 20.7 35.7 3.9 9.2 2.1 1.8 4.2 2.3

no 79.7 89.1 86.2 86.5 88.9 95.6 8.2 23.1 75.7 64.2 42.0 23.8 82.8 14.0 1.7 33.7 32.0 93.5 88.8 93.9 39.1 87.0 74.0 79.3 64.3 96.1 90.8 97.9 98.2 95.8 97.7

N 1615 2015 1139 1739 1200 1000 1138 13 1912 1002 334 101 1014 400 967 95 149 1005 996 1018 47 1866 308 410 28 1000 1006 1000 1000 1194 2500

Total

20.1

79.9

29210

76

24b Which one? Roman Protestan Evan. Orthodox Other Catholic t France 89.9 6.7 0.9 1.8 0.6 Great Britain 18.7 46.9 3.2 .2 31.0 Germany 27.4 69.8 2.8 Austria 78.9 15.5 1.4 2.1 Italy 95.0 1.8 .9 .5 1.8 Spain 98.3 1.7 Portugal 95.1 4.9 Greece 0.1 98.1 1.8 Malta 100.0 Belgium 92.0 2.0 1.1 .4 4.4 Netherlands 46.0 33.4 15.6 5.0 Denmark 4.0 69.3 1.3 25.3 Sweden 5.2 67.8 1.1 2.3 23.6 Finland 98.5 .3 1.2 Iceland 95.4 .5 4.1 Ireland 96.8 3.2 Northern Ireland 27.8 30.0 38.9 1.1 2.2 Estonia 1.6 79.7 12.5 6.3 Latvia 11.9 18.3 10.1 56.0 3.7 Lithuania 43.4 11.3 32.1 13.2 Poland 100.0 Czech Republic 73.4 23.6 1.3 1.7 Slovakia 77.6 22.4 Hungary 71.1 25.3 3.6 Romania 10.0 20.0 70.0 Bulgaria 2.8 94.4 2.8 Slovenia 95.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Croatia 75.0 5.0 20.0 Ukraine 4.4 6.7 2.2 80.0 6.7 Russia 1.8 5.5 83.6 9.1

326 525 215 142 222 120 41 1023 10 450 359 75 174 335 951 62 90 64 109 53 28 233 76 84 10 36 92 20 45 55

Total

6025

50.4

19.5

3.2

20.5

6.4

N

77

25 Apart from weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often do you attend religious services these days?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

78

more than special once a occasions month 11.9 27.8 18.9 25.3 30.1 41.2 42.5 40.5 53.6 32.5 36.0 32.5 51.3 33.5 43.2 53.9 87.2 8.9 28.0 25.3 25.7 28.1 31.8 35.5 11.9 45.4 9.3 90.5 14.1 59.8 12.0 55.6 67.4 22.8 63.4 16.9 11.1 51.1 15.1 50.4 31.5 52.5 78.2 16.6 11.7 30.8 49.8 27.1 17.5 39.8 46.4 46.1 20.2 52.4 30.7 39.1 50.2 37.9 14.5 57.7 16.9 52.7 9.2 40.7 31.6

38.8

never

N

60.4 55.8 28.8 17.0 13.9 31.5 15.2 2.8 3.9 46.6 46.1 32.7 42.7 .2 26.2 32.3 9.7 19.8 37.8 34.6 16.0 5.2 57.5 23.1 42.7 7.5 27.4 30.1 11.9 27.8 30.5 50.1

1607 983 2023 1395 1983 1190 998 1131 1002 1886 1002 1179 1017 1014 1033 965 1008 991 988 981 999 1091 1886 1323 995 1136 995 989 996 990 1192 2478

29.5

39446

26 Apart from weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often did you attend religious services when you were 12 years old?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

more than special never once a occasions month 63.4 12.2 24.4 58.7 13.4 27.9 54.8 26.4 18.9 79.6 15.9 4.5 90.6 6.6 2.8 70.8 17.1 12.1 76.7 13.0 10.3 79.9 18.6 1.5 98.0 1.4 .6 77.6 9.0 13.5 60.9 14.7 24.4 84.0 6.4 9.6 23.8 35.2 41.0

N

1603 946 1930 1378 1965 1149 981 1113 1002 1871 1001 1148 1009

17.6 31.2 97.5 92.0 8.6 19.7 49.0 97.3 36.5 71.2 56.1 61.0 23.7 74.1 75.3 10.9 8.1 5.6

64.4 47.4 1.6 2.7 36.2 27.9 37.2 1.6 20.7 14.9 18.1 30.4 36.4 6.7 12.1 39.8 34.7 19.0

18.0 21.4 .9 5.3 55.3 52.4 13.7 1.1 42.8 13.9 25.8 8.6 39.9 19.2 12.6 49.3 57.3 75.4

1005 945 1010 990 957 956 975 1079 1888 1306 984 1094 929 989 983 935 1131 2351

56.5

19.8

23.8 37603

* Not asked in Sweden

79

27 Do you personally think it is important to hold a religious service for any of the following events? (% yes)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

80

birth marriage 60.9 65.6 58.9 68.6 63.9 68.1 81.3 76.4 89.0 84.9 77.8 75.3 90.3 88.7 69.1 89.6 96.5 96.2 67.4 68.4 41.6 45.8 70.3 65.8 65.3 63.0 59.8 62.4 84.3 82.6 74.4 67.1 90.8 92.0 81.3 89.9 63.7 65.0 64.8 77.7 93.2 88.8 96.2 94.7 41.7 40.3 82.5 80.3 75.4 75.3 97.6 98.3 78.0 83.1 72.8 70.2 89.4 94.0 83.5 61.1 85.6 68.5 75.0 53.6 74.9

73.6

death 72.9 78.5 73.4 85.1 89.4 80.1 92.3 92.5 97.1 72.2 56.6 76.5 79.9 77.6 89.9 91.1 95.6 92.9 75.6 88.0 95.4 96.1 50.4 84.6 82.1 97.9 88.7 77.3 94.3 88.0 85.1 78.8 82.3

N 1558 930 1976 1351 1933 1157 980 1096 996 1866 997 1170 1003 990 1020 943 995 968 838 815 921 1086 1748 1242 975 1130 844 967 958 899 1085 2236 37673

28 Independently of whether you go to church or not, would you say you are ... a religious person France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

46.6 41.6 55.8 79.5 85.8 59.0 88.0 82.8 75.3 64.7 63.7 63.2 76.5 38.9 66.6 73.9 74.0 62.3 41.7 76.9 84.5 94.4 43.2 81.5 59.0 84.8 51.7 70.2 83.7 27.5 75.3 65.7

Total

66.7

not a a convinced religious atheist person 38.5 14.9 53.4 5.0 36.4 7.8 18.7 1.8 11.6 2.6 34.6 6.5 8.9 3.1 15.5 1.7 24.5 .2 26.7 8.7 30.4 5.9 28.9 8.0 18.1 5.4 54.4 6.7 30.5 2.9 22.6 3.5 24.2 1.8 34.7 2.9 51.6 6.6 20.3 2.8 14.1 1.5 4.4 1.2 48.5 8.3 14.2 4.3 35.5 5.5 14.4 .8 42.1 6.2 21.3 8.5 12.2 4.0 63.1 9.3 21.9 2.8 29.4 4.9 28.2

5.1

N

1538 892 1904 1321 1938 1145 970 1112 1000 1845 988 1120 945 967 961 948 971 956 860 930 896 1066 1786 1249 976 1093 903 926 940 933 1078 2288 37444

81

29_A Generally speaking, do you think that your church is/the churches are giving, in your country, adequate answers to ... The moral problems and needs of the individual

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 35.7 32.6 48.3 37.5 61.8 39.9 56.7 50.9 66.6 36.3 34.8 33.2 20.0 26.3 43.6 40.4 30.1 49.1 45.2 58.2 82.4 64.5 35.3 68.4 46.2 80.7 43.8 44.9 56.5 55.7 79.8 70.5

no 64.3 67.4 51.7 62.5 38.2 60.1 43.3 49.1 33.4 63.7 65.2 66.8 80.0 73.7 56.4 59.6 69.9 50.9 54.8 41.8 17.6 35.5 64.7 31.6 53.8 19.3 56.2 55.1 43.5 44.3 20.2 29.5

N 1497 778 1902 1231 1785 999 912 1074 935 1661 839 1022 817 776 852 772 901 856 690 699 648 915 1545 1072 835 1012 770 842 857 774 941 1949

Total

49.5

50.5

33160

82

29_B Generally speaking, do you think that your church is/the churches are giving, in your country, adequate answers to ... Problems of family life

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 27.8 30.0 39.0 29.0 47.7 35.1 46.0 44.2 75.0 32.8 30.1 24.2 15.0 18.4 41.8 45.0 27.2 47.7 30.4 47.9 81.0 63.9 30.4 63.9 40.5 78.5 29.3 42.8 56.5 36.1 63.3 55.0

no 72.2 70.0 61.0 71.0 52.3 64.9 54.0 55.8 25.0 67.2 69.9 75.8 85.0 81.6 58.2 55.0 72.8 52.3 69.6 52.1 19.0 36.1 69.6 36.1 59.5 21.5 70.7 57.2 43.5 63.9 36.7 45.0

N 1512 776 1898 1265 1798 1005 921 1027 960 1685 803 1053 852 790 856 755 920 860 694 760 670 943 1535 1099 820 1032 790 853 849 779 888 1928

Total

42.7

57.3

33376

83

29_C Generally speaking, do you think that your church is/the churches are giving, in your country, adequate answers to ... People`s spiritual needs

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 55.4 58.1 55.5 60.3 72.4 58.1 72.5 71.7 85.5 53.8 47.4 45.7 51.1 56.5 68.4 53.7 63.8 76.7 72.9 81.0 87.0 82.8 68.7 83.3 67.1 88.9 54.7 70.3 86.0 70.1 82.1 74.4

no 44.6 41.9 44.5 39.7 27.6 41.9 27.5 28.3 14.5 46.2 52.6 54.3 48.9 43.5 31.6 46.3 36.2 23.3 27.1 19.0 13.0 17.2 31.3 16.7 32.9 11.1 45.3 29.7 14.0 29.9 17.9 25.6

N 1482 798 1916 1237 1812 994 902 1043 956 1642 777 999 807 783 897 767 909 878 750 798 652 973 1548 1138 846 1006 781 860 907 798 922 1926

Total

67.6

32.4

33503

84

29_D Generally speaking, do you think that your church is/the churches are giving, in your country, adequate answers to ... Social problems facing our country today

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 21.2 27.0 31.6 30.0 43.5 28.9 36.4 42.9 57.0 27.4 35.6 24.3 11.5 17.2 30.8 28.0 26.7 36.2 14.1 26.3 61.4 39.2 15.5 30.0 25.0 52.2 14.8 33.8 41.1 22.9 30.3 25.0

no 78.8 73.0 68.4 70.0 56.5 71.1 63.6 57.1 43.0 72.6 64.4 75.7 88.5 82.8 69.2 72.0 73.3 63.8 85.9 73.7 38.6 60.8 84.5 70.0 75.0 47.8 85.2 66.2 58.9 77.1 69.7 75.0

N 1510 770 1850 1226 1759 974 888 1016 923 1655 818 1020 847 798 866 786 901 845 693 727 502 860 1526 973 819 934 772 843 854 739 804 1769

Total

30.5

69.5

32265

85

30_A Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? God

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 61.5 71.8 67.8 86.8 93.5 86.7 96.4 93.8 99.5 71.4 61.1 73.2 68.9 53.4 82.5 84.4 95.5 93.2 51.4 79.5 86.5 97.3 38.9 82.8 68.1 96.3 66.2 65.2 91.6 82.9 80.3 70.3

no 38.5 28.2 32.2 13.2 6.5 13.3 3.6 6.2 .5 28.6 38.9 26.8 31.1 46.6 17.5 15.6 4.5 6.8 48.6 20.5 13.5 2.7 61.1 17.2 31.9 3.7 33.8 34.8 8.4 17.1 19.7 29.7

N 1472 839 1859 1334 1880 1122 964 1101 999 1776 980 1125 921 884 928 882 989 946 801 893 822 1082 1624 1216 952 1090 875 959 976 871 1039 2108

Total

77.4

22.6

36310

86

30_B Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Life after death

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 44.7 58.3 38.8 59.0 72.8 49.9 47.3 59.2 86.4 45.6 50.1 54.2 38.3 46.0 56.7 78.2 79.2 75.1 36.2 45.3 79.0 80.4 35.9 68.4 32.8 67.8 35.8 32.1 67.7 40.9 39.8 36.6

no 55.3 41.7 61.2 41.0 27.2 50.1 52.7 40.8 13.6 54.4 49.9 45.8 61.7 54.0 43.3 21.8 20.8 24.9 63.8 54.7 21.0 19.6 64.1 31.6 67.2 32.2 64.2 67.9 32.3 59.1 60.2 63.4

N 1390 737 1789 1194 1686 961 780 955 910 1657 917 1036 857 859 831 841 873 798 724 704 685 956 1566 1104 905 867 772 923 881 760 872 1775

Total

53.3

46.7

32565

87

30_C Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Hell

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 19.6 35.3 20.1 18.3 49.0 32.9 37.8 52.6 81.2 19.3 13.8 21.6 9.5 9.4 31.4 17.5 53.3 73.9 16.3 28.4 68.1 65.6 13.1 46.1 20.1 71.4 30.0 20.3 55.2 35.1 38.1 35.7

no 80.4 64.7 79.9 81.7 51.0 67.1 62.2 47.4 18.8 80.7 86.2 78.4 90.5 90.6 68.6 82.5 46.7 26.1 83.7 71.6 31.9 34.4 86.9 53.9 79.9 28.6 70.0 79.7 44.8 64.9 61.9 64.3

N 1460 789 1865 1258 1703 989 825 983 939 1738 960 1067 939 945 842 897 873 840 766 754 590 945 1647 1061 919 911 754 930 868 756 859 1762

Total

33.9

66.1

33430

88

30_D Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Heaven

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 31.2 55.8 30.9 41.5 58.7 50.8 60.0 59.1 88.2 33.5 37.4 32.7 18.4 31.2 61.2 58.7 85.3 86.6 19.1 33.3 70.6 79.8 20.6 55.1 29.2 75.1 32.6 27.6 61.3 36.5 40.3 36.1

no 68.8 44.2 69.1 58.5 41.3 49.2 40.0 40.9 11.8 66.5 62.6 67.3 81.6 68.8 38.8 41.3 14.7 13.4 80.9 66.7 29.4 20.2 79.4 44.9 70.8 24.9 67.4 72.4 38.7 63.5 59.7 63.9

N 1448 804 1870 1276 1717 990 841 1015 948 1739 940 1063 907 907 855 858 907 894 769 750 604 956 1630 1074 924 917 754 929 878 756 854 1750

Total

46.3

53.7

33523

89

30_E Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Sin

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 39.8 66.9 41.3 61.3 73.2 51.2 71.2 83.3 93.0 44.1 39.7 47.2 20.6 25.7 67.1 64.3 85.7 90.4 52.4 73.6 90.5 90.3 58.7 75.7 45.4 90.6 52.6 43.2 75.2 59.0 74.1 68.1

no 60.2 33.1 58.7 38.7 26.8 48.8 28.8 16.7 7.0 55.9 60.3 52.8 79.4 74.3 32.9 35.7 14.3 9.6 47.6 26.4 9.5 9.7 41.3 24.3 54.6 9.4 47.4 56.8 24.8 41.0 25.9 31.9

N 1510 839 1893 1296 1834 1041 911 1078 967 1765 954 1083 911 899 890 879 927 935 803 828 798 1036 1709 1179 931 1056 793 946 908 817 992 2047

Total

62.1

37.9

35455

90

30_F Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Telepathy

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 39.5 45.2 28.5 48.3 37.4 26.7 34.7 49.5 33.8 37.2 50.4 38.4 35.7 48.3 45.7 61.1 41.6 38.1 54.9 52.3 79.4 39.5 73.0 52.6 46.0 66.5 44.9 27.4 43.1 31.6 56.8 58.8

no 60.5 54.8 71.5 51.7 62.6 73.3 65.3 50.5 66.2 62.8 49.6 61.6 64.3 51.7 54.3 38.9 58.4 61.9 45.1 47.7 20.6 60.5 27.0 47.4 54.0 33.5 55.1 72.6 56.9 68.4 43.2 41.2

N 1430 756 1760 1200 1717 939 717 1003 913 1718 975 1058 879 911 877 857 786 749 791 801 528 931 1586 857 930 756 731 912 859 727 851 1763

Total

45.4

54.6

32266

91

31 Do you believe in re-incarnation, that is, that we are born into this world again?

France Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 28.8 19.2 22.8 17.8 20.1 29.4 23.2 12.0 18.2 20.9 24.0 17.3 22.0 18.4 41.1 23.0 16.7 37.0 33.4 44.0 24.6 23.1 19.7 19.8 28.0 30.1 16.7 23.8 32.5 28.4 32.2

no 71.2 80.8 77.2 82.2 79.9 70.6 76.8 88.0 81.8 79.1 76.0 82.7 78.0 81.6 58.9 77.0 83.3 63.0 66.6 56.0 75.4 76.9 80.3 80.2 72.0 69.9 83.3 76.2 67.5 71.6 67.8

N 1408 1812 1177 1717 969 831 917 935 1764 959 1046 909 891 865 820 850 830 755 739 621 885 1562 1015 907 676 753 920 814 802 890 1894

Total

24.1

75.9

31937

92

31a Which is the most important for you? 1 2 3 4 5 To stick to a particular faith

6

Mean

7 8 9 10 to explore teachings of different religious traditions

France Austria Italy Belgium Luxembourg Finland Lithuania Croatia

4.34 2.80 3.72 4.93 5.01 4.44 2.76 3.42

Std. Dev. 3.10 2.64 2.88 3.29 3.15 3.06 2.69 2.99

Total

3.99

3.10

N 1344 1286 1823 1731 1025 931 844 959 9944

31b Do you believe in angels?

Germany Austria Italy Finland Iceland Lithuania Croatia Belarus

yes 29.2 38.8 69.8 57.8 48.2 61.9 70.0 56.7

no 70.8 61.2 30.2 42.2 51.8 38.1 30.0 43.3

N 1857 1244 1783 912 841 653 860 831

Total

52.1

47.9

8981

93

32 Which of these statements comes closest to your beliefs?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

94

personal spirit or dont know no spirit God life force what to God or think life force 21.9 32.1 25.9 20.1 31.0 40.1 18.7 10.2 35.1 31.9 11.1 22.0 31.5 52.1 9.0 7.4 70.7 19.5 7.0 2.8 49.1 28.2 15.4 7.3 78.8 15.2 3.6 2.5 70.6 17.6 7.8 4.0 78.7 18.0 2.7 .6 29.9 35.6 18.1 16.5 23.5 49.1 15.1 12.4 33.1 34.5 17.4 14.9 24.9 38.1 18.7 18.3 15.7 52.4 15.9 13.3 49.9 32.0 10.7 7.4 51.3 33.1 11.1 4.4 63.8 25.2 7.7 3.3 61.4 25.8 10.1 2.8 15.9 49.3 20.5 14.2 7.9 66.9 15.2 10.0 50.7 26.4 16.8 6.0 82.7 10.1 5.4 1.7 6.5 50.2 21.0 22.3 35.2 40.7 13.7 10.3 44.7 15.2 18.6 21.4 37.3 45.6 15.3 1.8 35.8 39.0 13.2 12.0 24.1 51.3 13.0 11.7 38.1 50.6 7.4 3.9 63.6 8.8 22.7 4.9 41.6 25.2 22.4 10.9 32.1 18.4 31.5 18.0 40.7

33.2

15.1

10.9

N 1536 910 1961 1364 1977 1133 980 1126 995 1839 1001 1126 968 1014 1014 951 999 974 955 968 962 1086 1840 1274 971 1088 941 952 969 927 1114 2344 38258

33 And how important is God in your life? Please use this card to indicate - 10 means very important and 1 means not at all important.

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 4.4 4.92 5.04 6.61 7.43 5.97 7.88 7.93 9.19 5.36 5.02 5.42 4.02 4.1 5.96 6.24 7.41 7.07 4.23 5.65 6.74 8.39 3.63 6.63 5.36 8.63 5.15 5.02 7.20 5.97 6.17 5.25

Std.Dev. 3.03 3.18 3.06 2.95 2.64 2.98 2.32 2.63 1.54 3.28 3.12 3.11 2.78 2.97 2.99 2.74 2.64 2.77 2.81 2.96 3.11 2.24 3.06 3.25 3.40 2.17 3.16 3.20 2.79 2.98 3.19 3.21

Total

5.98

3.24

N 1580 960 1988 1385 1951 1176 988 1135 1002 1880 999 1179 1001 995 989 952 1009 995 960 968 928 1078 1846 1273 983 1124 965 980 986 905 1108 2393 38661

95

34 Do you find that you get comfort and strength from religion or not?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 34.7 37.4 49.9 62.0 71.5 54.4 79.6 83.6 93.1 49.3 44.5 48.8 32.6 33.2 59.0 74.7 75.1 68.8 35.9 63.3 72.3 82.0 25.7 63.8 49.4 86.6 44.8 48.1 82.0 54.4 64.9 56.9

no 65.3 62.6 50.1 38.0 28.5 45.6 20.4 16.4 6.9 50.7 55.5 51.2 67.4 66.8 41.0 25.3 24.9 31.2 64.1 36.7 27.7 18.0 74.3 36.2 50.6 13.4 55.2 51.9 18.0 45.6 35.1 43.1

N 1526 878 1823 1304 1894 1080 966 1073 967 1811 984 1106 955 894 901 910 945 907 811 836 791 1000 1788 1136 953 1056 869 921 905 768 965 2045

Total

57.8

42.2

35766

96

35 Do you take some moments of contemplation or something like that?

prayer,

meditation

or

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 41.0 49.8 54.3 68.9 78.9 63.7 72.6 64.8 91.6 62.4 70.5 58.2 51.1 44.0 74.9 53.8 82.2 72.6 50.8 64.7 61.5 87.1 37.3 66.4 60.9 93.5 33.7 46.3 74.0 71.1 49.4 33.2

no 59.0 50.2 45.7 31.1 21.1 36.3 27.4 35.2 8.4 37.6 29.5 41.8 48.9 56.0 25.1 46.2 17.8 27.4 49.2 35.3 38.5 12.9 62.7 33.6 39.1 6.5 66.3 53.7 26.0 28.9 50.6 66.8

N 1587 935 1941 1358 1947 1146 990 1097 997 1868 1002 1166 1008 1003 995 959 1003 976 943 966 906 1066 1855 1297 991 1129 956 984 980 951 1139 2417

Total

60.6

39.4

38558

97

36 How often do you pray to God outside of religious services? Would you say ....

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

at least at least once a once a week month 19.6 5.8 28.8 4.7 35.8 8.0 43.6 9.5 62.1 5.8 41.3 8.3 62.2 4.5 63.9 5.2 87.2 2.0 35.6 5.8 33.9 4.5 32.3 7.3 20.4 4.0

Total * Not asked in Sweden

98

less often

never

N

19.6 18.1 19.7 26.7 19.2 23.9 16.2 20.1 8.0 19.3 13.6 26.6 23.8

55.0 48.4 36.5 20.2 12.9 26.5 17.1 10.9 2.8 39.3 48.0 33.8 51.8

1580 928 1938 1369 1970 1143 990 1122 997 1875 1001 1168 992

40.5 41.7 69.0 62.5 18.2 34.2 40.1 78.0 17.5 54.5 38.1 75.8 26.0 59.1 31.4 41.4 26.3

8.6 7.5 8.3 6.9 5.0 10.2 8.8 7.0 3.8 5.4 6.6 5.1 8.0 8.4 13.2 8.7 6.4

30.2 31.9 13.5 14.1 20.0 20.8 17.3 10.5 16.4 18.6 18.7 12.6 18.8 14.4 25.3 11.2 11.8

20.7 18.8 9.3 16.5 56.7 34.8 33.8 4.4 62.2 21.5 36.6 6.5 47.2 18.1 30.0 38.7 55.6

994 955 1003 941 933 961 937 1067 1876 1303 987 1129 970 979 952 1135 2422

42.7

6.7

18.5

32.1

36619

36a Do you believe in supernatural forces, which may be expressed in terms like a Life Force, a Mighty Power, God, a Spirit, a Universal Law, a Cosmic Conscience or a Source of all creation?

Austria Belgium Netherlands Estonia Lithuania Ukraine Russia Total

Yes, Yes, No, not so No, not at absolutely somewhat much all 40.4 33.8 13.2 12.6 32.9 29.5 14.5 23.1 33.6 34.0 16.6 15.8 24.8 38.2 21.2 15.8 35.2 41.8 12.4 10.6 40.4 37.4 11.9 10.3 23.8 41.6 16.7 17.9 32.0

36.6

15.2

16.2

N 1335 1864 998 957 913 1108 2386 9561

99

37 Do you have a lucky charm such as a mascot or a talisman?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 17.0 14.4 26.6 25.9 15.5 11.0 14.5 36.0 9.4 13.9 11.2 22.3 15.5 16.2 10.7 13.4 12.5 12.7 20.8 20.0 15.4 12.8 35.0 24.1 16.0 18.8 18.3 19.0 35.6 16.6 18.5 20.4

no 83.0 85.6 73.4 74.1 84.5 89.0 85.5 64.0 90.6 86.1 88.8 77.7 84.5 83.8 89.3 86.6 87.5 87.3 79.2 80.0 84.6 87.2 65.0 75.9 84.0 81.2 81.7 81.0 64.4 83.4 81.5 79.6

N 1609 970 2030 1364 1982 1191 991 1119 1001 1903 1002 1196 1014 1008 1028 962 1007 991 975 991 970 1088 1891 1308 996 1099 981 997 996 975 1177 2466

Total

19.0

81.0

39278

100

38 Do you believe that a lucky charm such as a mascot or a talisman can protect or help you? 1 2 3 Definitely not

4

5

6

Mean

7

8

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.52 2.63 3.38 3.57 2.18 2.48 2.97 4.72 1.69 2.39 2.62 3.02 2.43 2.43 2.24 3.33 2.90 2.42 3.87 4.63 3.70 6.93 3.34 3.39 2.30 7.14 2.18 3.01 4.10 3.69 3.28 3.58

Std. Dev. 2.46 2.32 2.92 3.07 2.24 2.25 2.73 3.36 1.82 2.52 2.28 2.78 2.44 2.36 2.11 2.76 2.67 2.31 2.77 3.16 2.91 2.98 2.73 2.90 2.51 3.42 2.73 2.77 3.25 2.82 2.92 2.99

Total

3.14

2.88

9 10 Definitely yes N 1561 918 1945 1337 1964 1150 915 1116 1002 1871 992 1155 1001 1000 996 931 969 936 911 861 798 135 1849 1214 981 930 997 911 952 886 1047 2303 36535

101

38a How often do you consult your horoscope to know about your future?

France Germany Austria Italy Greece Finland Iceland Estonia Lithuania Czech Republic Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

102

every at least at least less never day once a once a often week month 11.6 20.0 10.4 18.1 40.0 5.8 15.4 11.6 26.8 40.4 13.6 19.1 10.0 22.2 35.2 9.4 12.5 8.9 24.0 45.3 7.6 9.0 9.2 11.5 62.6 3.1 22.0 13.7 31.3 29.9 11.1 17.8 12.6 20.1 38.4 12.4 26.4 12.8 22.7 25.7 9.7 28.8 13.3 15.9 32.4 6.4 24.8 15.8 32.8 20.2 16.2 21.2 10.2 17.5 34.9 4.4 12.3 12.9 35.7 34.7 .8 22.3 12.6 25.3 39.0 2.7 31.6 14.1 18.7 32.8 4.3 24.2 16.0 19.7 35.8 7.7

20.3

12.4

23.1

N

1609 2031 1384 1986 1084 1035 964 977 994 1902 956 998 980 1182 2466

36.5 20547

38b How often do you take this into account in your daily life?

France Germany Austria Italy Greece Finland Iceland Estonia Lithuania Czech Republic Croatia Ukraine Russia Total

always most of some the time times 1.1 3.6 17.1 .1 3.0 12.9 1.3 1.7 0.5 1.4 2.1 8.2 .3 3.5 9.4 .2 1.6 6.6 .6 1.0 4.1 2.8 3.9 16.6 2.3 7.2 19.8 .3 1.5 12.0 .9 3.5 16.9 1.8 6.3 22.2 2.2 6.2 18.8 1.2

3.5

13.3

not

never

N

19.0 13.6 8 18.3 14.2 14.5 9.1 24.5 20.1 21.2 26.1 15.7 15.7

59.1 70.4 81.4 70.0 72.7 77.1 85.1 52.2 50.5 65.0 52.6 54.0 57.3

963 2026 1384 1981 1124 1037 962 979 979 1888 1000 1174 2464

16.7

65.4 17961

103

39_A How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: Politicians who do not believe in God are unfit for public office agree agree agree disagree disagree strongly nor strongly disagre e France 4.0 5.3 12.7 13.2 64.8 Great Britain 3.4 7.1 18.2 40.7 30.6 Germany 3.3 11.8 18.0 32.3 34.6 Austria 4.8 9.3 17.3 29.7 38.9 Italy 4.6 10.5 20.7 48.9 15.3 Spain 2.4 7.1 23.1 43.6 23.8 Portugal 2.8 12.3 18.5 47.5 18.9 Greece 28.7 22.6 17.3 23.4 8.0 Malta 11.1 30.7 16.5 36.4 5.3 Belgium 4.9 4.0 10.6 16.6 63.9 Netherlands .5 1.2 4.1 40.9 53.3 Luxembourg 5.5 7.7 19.7 23.5 43.6 Denmark 1.3 2.4 4.7 31.3 60.3 Sweden 1.7 2.4 11.5 36.9 47.5 Finland 3.7 9.9 21.3 43.1 22.0 Iceland 2.6 6.8 11.4 47.5 31.6 Ireland 3.8 10.5 15.3 55.3 15.0 Northern Ireland 3.4 11.0 17.2 50.3 18.1 Estonia 3.7 10.7 26.5 42.3 16.8 Latvia 5.8 16.4 18.6 54.7 4.6 Lithuania 7.9 16.3 25.2 39.7 10.9 Poland 7.0 9.6 19.1 44.3 20.0 Czech Republic 2.5 3.6 13.7 57.9 22.3 Slovakia 9.0 13.2 25.2 25.2 27.3 Hungary 5.9 7.7 20.7 28.3 37.4 Romania 25.2 26.8 24.9 15.4 7.7 Bulgaria 9.5 14.8 23.3 36.6 15.8 Slovenia 2.5 8.3 15.3 44.3 29.7 Croatia 7.8 17.0 15.1 47.1 13.0 Belarus 7.5 18.2 19.0 33.9 21.4 Ukraine 13.4 19.4 21.6 42.2 3.3 Russia 7.1 14.3 20.9 47.9 9.8 Total

104

6.3

11.1

17.6

37.8

N

1573 958 1931 1341 1933 1082 932 1120 985 1861 999 1123 992 1009 980 953 971 945 942 938 937 1038 1846 1276 933 1046 853 977 933 891 1055 2278

27.1 37632

39_B How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: Religious leaders should not influence how people vote in elections agree agree agree nor disagree disagre strongly disagree e strongly France 68.7 17.5 5.4 3.8 4.5 Great Britain 25.4 44.2 15.8 10.3 4.3 Germany 37.0 37.8 14.9 7.4 2.9 Austria 52.1 32.4 8.5 5.2 1.8 Italy 30.2 48.5 12.8 7.1 1.3 Spain 30.6 40.3 19.2 8.4 1.5 Portugal 32.2 48.2 10.8 7.3 1.6 Greece 36.7 39.6 12.5 8.2 2.9 Malta 33.4 56.4 5.5 4.1 .6 Belgium 60.8 19.2 9.0 6.2 4.8 Netherlands 29.3 36.9 11.1 20.1 2.6 Luxembourg 51.7 30.6 8.3 5.7 3.8 Denmark 61.2 23.4 4.1 6.2 5.0 Sweden 34.2 33.8 10.2 14.4 7.3 Finland 30.7 36.9 15.0 15.1 2.2 Iceland 29.3 52.0 6.7 9.1 2.9 Ireland 26.3 52.3 7.5 12.2 1.7 Northern Ireland 23.2 52.4 11.8 11.2 1.4 Estonia 35.8 48.5 9.8 5.0 .8 Latvia 21.6 62.3 7.3 8.3 .4 Lithuania 34.0 46.7 12.4 5.3 1.7 Poland 53.9 31.8 5.6 6.2 2.5 Czech Republic 31.4 49.1 9.2 8.0 2.3 Slovakia 49.0 25.2 10.9 8.5 6.3 Hungary 43.7 32.8 12.7 8.0 2.7 Romania 40.0 37.9 11.7 7.6 2.7 Bulgaria 40.2 43.0 8.8 6.4 1.6 Slovenia 37.8 39.9 10.4 8.4 3.6 Croatia 40.5 45.6 6.3 6.2 1.4 Belarus 48.5 33.7 8.7 6.0 3.1 Ukraine 24.3 58.4 9.1 7.9 .4 Russia 24.4 57.7 9.6 7.6 .7 Total

38.5

40.7

10.1

8.0

2.6

N

1589 950 1958 1368 1946 1100 947 1130 997 1882 999 1151 1011 1008 997 958 989 966 955 948 969 1080 1855 1294 934 1047 857 981 970 910 1077 2274 38098

105

30_C How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: It would be better for…(your country) if more people with strong religious beliefs held public office agree agree agree nor disagree disagree strongly disagree strongly France 4.8 8.5 19.2 15.8 51.8 Great Britain 4.6 13.7 27.8 35.7 18.3 Germany 6.0 20.2 26.3 25.0 22.4 Austria 7.5 17.5 26.1 24.6 24.3 Italy 6.3 15.8 28.5 38.3 11.1 Spain 3.5 12.9 34.8 32.1 16.8 Portugal 4.3 20.6 28.0 34.4 12.7 Greece 22.8 26.8 26.8 17.7 6.0 Malta 16.8 47.7 15.3 18.2 2.0 Belgium 7.3 10.3 17.3 20.0 45.0 Netherlands 2.8 9.8 14.3 51.1 22.0 Luxembourg 6.9 15.2 25.3 21.8 30.9 Denmark 2.1 3.5 6.3 34.3 53.8 Sweden 2.1 6.7 21.4 38.3 31.6 Finland 5.0 13.0 24.0 40.8 17.2 Iceland 2.9 11.5 26.8 45.2 13.7 Ireland 5.2 17.6 17.5 50.6 9.2 Northern Ireland 4.2 16.7 20.1 46.5 12.5 Estonia 4.7 21.0 32.2 32.6 9.6 Latvia 11.2 32.6 23.1 30.5 2.6 Lithuania 11.3 29.9 32.4 20.5 5.9 Poland 8.7 21.2 25.5 32.2 12.5 Czech Republic 1.9 7.0 19.5 54.1 17.5 Slovakia 15.2 22.1 27.4 19.5 15.7 Hungary 8.2 17.2 24.5 26.5 23.6 Romania 27.9 36.8 22.6 8.8 3.8 Bulgaria 9.5 19.0 29.8 31.3 10.4 Slovenia 3.3 9.0 17.1 41.6 29.0 Croatia 16.3 29.2 22.5 24.4 7.5 Belarus 11.4 23.7 29.1 24.4 11.4 Ukraine 21.2 34.5 22.0 20.8 1.5 Russia 13.1 33.5 28.0 21.5 3.8 Total

106

8.6 19.2

23.8

30.1

18.2

N 1567 915 1925 1342 1926 1070 923 1120 988 1862 1000 1109 982 1002 976 942 967 946 902 911 931 1026 1826 1254 916 1040 835 971 937 841 1027 2239 37216

30_D How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: Religious leaders should not influence government decisions agree agree agree nor disagree disagree strongly disagree strongly France 63.4 18.1 9.0 4.3 5.1 Great Britain 20.3 44.9 19.1 12.1 3.6 Germany 32.5 38.7 16.0 11.1 1.8 Austria 48.6 30.9 9.3 8.3 2.9 Italy 24.0 43.8 19.1 11.6 1.5 Spain 31.7 41.5 19.3 6.2 1.3 Portugal 28.8 50.6 13.7 6.0 .9 Greece 27.7 30.6 22.2 16.5 3.0 Malta 23.8 54.4 11.9 8.9 1.0 Belgium 57.5 16.9 10.8 8.4 6.4 Netherlands 21.7 36.9 14.2 23.4 3.9 Luxembourg 47.8 29.0 10.8 7.9 4.4 Denmark 59.6 25.8 5.9 6.2 2.5 Sweden 24.4 27.4 20.3 21.1 6.7 Finland 24.8 32.9 21.7 17.3 3.2 Iceland 22.0 48.2 15.0 12.2 2.6 Ireland 21.9 51.0 10.9 14.5 1.7 Northern Ireland 20.0 45.6 19.1 13.5 1.8 Estonia 28.8 45.9 17.5 6.4 1.5 Latvia 17.4 55.7 11.8 14.7 .3 Lithuania 30.1 45.7 15.4 8.3 .5 Poland 48.9 32.0 9.7 6.4 3.0 Czech Republic 29.0 45.0 13.4 9.6 3.0 Slovakia 41.1 29.5 14.7 10.6 4.2 Hungary 36.3 33.3 16.0 8.9 5.4 Romania 38.6 38.9 12.7 7.7 2.1 Bulgaria 38.5 40.9 11.3 7.1 2.2 Slovenia 34.5 38.8 13.0 9.8 3.9 Croatia 32.6 46.8 10.4 8.0 2.1 Belarus 36.6 36.4 14.0 9.9 3.1 Ukraine 20.5 51.9 15.9 11.5 .3 Russia 18.6 49.3 17.4 13.9 .9 Total

33.5

38.7

14.5

10.6

N 1589 933 1961 1355 1936 1089 940 1121 991 1871 1001 1134 1000 994 995 952 986 955 928 923 954 1050 1841 1267 919 1040 858 977 950 885 1026 2242

2.8 37664

107

30_E How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: If a nurse was asked to help perform a legal abortion, she should be allowed to refuse on religious grounds strongly agree agree Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Luxembourg Finland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Slovakia Croatia Belarus

25.8 23.3 28.9 24.8 27.8 25.7 35.6 30.7 19.3 32.0 16.4 14.6

agree disagree strongly nor disagree disagree 42.1 17.6 10.5 3.9 37.0 16.4 14.3 9.1 26.0 12.5 16.6 15.9 37.2 14.4 19.4 4.2 17.2 10.9 18.7 25.4 35.0 12.9 19.4 7.0 51.4 7.0 5.1 .9 49.0 11.2 7.2 2.0 45.5 19.7 11.3 4.2 22.1 16.3 15.0 14.6 30.0 10.4 30.4 12.7 19.1 14.6 29.0 22.8

Total

25.6

34.1

108

13.8

16.4

N

921 1863 1292 1884 1093 984 958 904 858 1175 913 817

10.0 13662

39a

In my opinion, some time should be set aside for prayer, meditation or contemplation in all schools strongly agree agree

Germany Austria Italy Lithuania Czech Republic Bulgaria Belarus

10.6 22.4 25.8 11.6 2.8 16.1 9.7

agree disagree strongly nor disagree disagree 33.0 23.3 18.5 14.7 42.5 17.3 10.7 7.0 40.5 22.4 8.5 2.8 29.4 25.8 20.8 12.4 19.3 29.1 33.6 15.1 26.5 20.4 20.6 16.4 22.3 17.6 27.2 23.2

Total

14.3

31.4

39b

19.4

12.0

1902 1338 1965 914 1826 823 891 9659

Should books and films that attack religions be prohibited by law or should they be allowed?

Germany Austria Lithuania Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

22.9

N

definitely probably probably definitely cannot N banned banned allowed allowed choose 13.7 23.0 22.6 24.6 16.2 1857 9.7 23.5 28.2 22.8 15.7 1336 13.9 18.0 26.9 15.4 25.8 901 14.3 20.1 18.3 15.8 31.4 894 20.8 34.2 30.1 14.9 958 16.3 31.8 36.1 15.8 1942 14.6

25.7

27.8

18.9

13.0 7889

109

39c

Do you think that the church(es) have an influence on national politics or not?

Germany Austria Luxembourg Finland Iceland Lithuania Czech Republic Romania Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

110

yes yes think no don’t no absolutely so think so absolutely not 22.3 49.7 21.6 6.4 15.9 44.9 30.2 8.9 35.7 34.5 23.5 6.2 12.6 49.1 34.8 3.4 3.9 33.1 49.3 13.7 15.7 43.5 31.1 9.7 7.0 48.6 39.5 4.9 15.8 37.7 28.9 17.5 14.6 55.3 26.0 4.0 12.1 29.1 38.1 20.7 6.3 34.1 48.7 10.9 4.8 36.0 49.0 10.1 13.4

42.0

35.5

9.1

N

1880 1311 1011 988 905 811 1754 906 916 803 1044 2153 14483

40_A Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Faithfulness

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 80.2 89.6 84.5 86.3 84.1 79.5 74.3 89.3 97.1 87.9 87.3 87.5 84.3 88.4 81.6 96.0 95.4 93.8 61.5 78.3 64.5 86.9 73.3 80.8 85.2 82.7 73.6 81.0 72.6 69.5 79.3 71.7

rather 17.0 9.5 14.7 12.9 14.1 19.2 24.7 8.5 2.4 10.6 10.9 11.0 14.0 10.1 15.9 3.8 4.4 6.0 35.9 20.6 33.1 13.0 25.3 17.3 13.4 16.8 22.1 18.1 26.3 27.7 18.5 24.7

not 2.8 .9 .8 .7 1.9 1.3 1.0 2.2 .5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 2.5 .2 .2 .2 2.6 1.1 2.4 .1 1.4 1.9 1.3 .5 4.2 .9 1.1 2.7 2.2 3.5

N 1609 988 2028 1399 1991 1188 998 1137 1000 1899 1002 1192 1011 1010 1031 966 1001 991 996 1004 994 1092 1905 1313 983 1137 990 1003 1001 995 1194 2472

Total

81.8

16.6

1.6

39520

111

40_B Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? An adequate income

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 35.8 34.5 26.4 27.8 29.3 33.7 35.7 70.3 39.7 38.9 24.5 25.6 4.9 18.8 16.7 31.2 45.3 34.2 28.7 36.3 42.4 45.1 36.0 47.1 58.2 54.4 51.4 30.3 19.9 38.1 65.9 53.7

rather 48.1 51.5 54.4 53.6 53.5 50.3 57.0 25.6 47.7 48.3 53.0 49.3 36.0 67.0 58.0 58.5 43.4 50.6 59.3 53.9 53.6 47.5 53.0 44.4 35.0 42.6 41.6 50.6 64.1 48.1 30.4 41.2

not 16.0 14.1 19.2 18.6 17.2 16.0 7.3 4.1 12.6 12.8 22.4 25.1 59.1 14.2 25.3 10.4 11.2 15.2 12.0 9.8 4.0 7.5 11.0 8.5 6.8 3.0 7.0 19.1 15.9 13.7 3.7 5.2

N 1610 981 2025 1389 1986 1185 995 1135 1000 1901 1003 1193 1007 1013 1030 966 1006 988 998 998 1001 1087 1898 1320 982 1129 985 1004 993 991 1196 2487

Total

37.3

48.9

13.8

39484

112

40_C Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Being of the same social background

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 16.1 18.0 14.2 12.9 12.5 17.2 13.8 32.0 51.6 20.9 15.3 14.9 6.3 7.5 9.2 6.8 26.8 22.7 8.4 14.9 11.9 17.4 6.9 15.6 14.7 28.4 29.9 14.7 5.5 11.0 15.5 9.6

rather 33.6 38.4 39.5 36.0 25.8 39.9 42.8 30.5 36.0 36.7 45.2 36.0 32.6 40.4 45.5 43.2 32.5 40.6 36.3 39.1 47.0 40.8 27.1 33.8 32.4 42.1 36.5 35.4 26.7 31.9 32.3 22.6

not 50.3 43.6 46.3 51.0 61.7 42.9 43.4 37.5 12.4 42.4 39.4 49.0 61.1 52.2 45.2 50.1 40.8 36.7 55.3 46.1 41.1 41.8 66.0 50.6 52.8 29.4 33.6 49.9 67.9 57.1 52.2 67.8

N 1600 971 2023 1375 1964 1168 974 1128 997 1887 1000 1179 999 1007 1021 959 986 977 967 975 943 1058 1880 1307 971 1090 896 1000 990 962 1163 2415

Total

15.9

35.3

48.9

38830

113

40_D Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Mutual respect and appreciation

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 89.3 80.5 80.6 89.0 90.2 79.0 66.2 92.3 96.9 90.8 94.5 84.0 84.7 93.9 85.7 96.5 87.1 83.9 71.1 75.4 52.5 87.5 87.5 81.2 86.9 76.4 80.7 89.2 76.5 76.2 84.3 68.1

rather 9.1 17.1 18.1 10.6 9.0 20.0 30.5 5.9 3.0 8.6 5.3 13.4 15.0 5.7 13.5 3.4 11.7 15.6 28.2 23.7 46.9 12.2 11.9 18.0 12.4 22.5 17.7 10.2 23.3 22.4 14.9 31.0

not 1.7 2.4 1.3 .4 .8 .9 3.4 1.8 .1 .6 .2 2.6 .3 .4 .8 .1 1.2 .5 .7 .9 .6 .3 .6 .8 .7 1.2 1.5 .6 .2 1.4 .8 .9

N 1611 985 2028 1394 1986 1188 985 1139 1000 1904 1002 1200 1012 1011 1033 966 1000 991 1000 997 993 1090 1898 1319 985 1125 986 1005 1002 994 1198 2487

Total

83.1

16.0

1.0

39515

114

40_E Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Shared religious beliefs

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 13.0 13.7 14.9 19.1 23.4 20.6 19.7 47.2 57.0 19.4 11.5 15.0 12.7 12.8 15.3 10.1 26.3 32.8 11.0 11.1 15.7 39.6 8.4 25.7 15.2 40.9 26.5 20.3 26.2 14.0 24.1 11.7

rather 21.8 28.2 29.1 33.6 32.9 31.2 45.0 24.5 28.5 26.6 22.3 27.6 30.8 38.5 39.4 41.1 25.4 29.8 31.6 30.8 43.3 40.0 22.8 26.2 21.3 32.7 27.2 33.5 40.9 22.0 26.5 24.1

not 65.2 58.1 56.0 47.3 43.7 48.2 35.3 28.3 14.5 54.0 66.2 57.3 56.5 48.6 45.3 48.8 48.3 37.4 57.4 58.0 41.0 20.4 68.7 48.1 63.4 26.4 46.3 46.2 32.9 64.0 49.4 64.3

N 1582 956 2004 1387 1959 1164 977 1135 999 1885 1001 1184 975 989 1021 957 989 981 934 953 938 1076 1858 1296 978 1127 913 988 984 964 1152 2374

Total

20.4

29.9

49.6

38679

115

40_F Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Good housing

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 36.0 38.6 25.9 33.2 20.2 30.8 34.6 67.5 38.4 39.8 26.5 28.4 18.4 28.9 17.9 25.5 46.8 36.0 25.8 29.6 27.0 52.3 40.5 48.6 60.0 50.9 44.9 30.3 17.4 47.7 61.9 44.7

rather 53.6 46.8 63.4 59.1 52.9 54.4 56.8 28.1 49.1 49.5 59.6 57.3 59.5 62.5 58.8 61.4 41.6 47.6 61.9 58.0 64.0 42.8 52.5 46.3 35.1 44.7 43.9 57.5 67.4 43.0 33.3 48.6

not 10.4 14.6 10.8 7.7 26.9 14.8 8.6 4.4 12.4 10.7 13.9 14.3 22.1 8.6 23.3 13.1 11.6 16.4 12.3 12.4 9.0 4.9 7.0 5.2 5.0 4.4 11.2 12.2 15.2 9.3 4.8 6.7

N 1610 981 2025 1396 1977 1185 996 1139 999 1902 1003 1181 1008 1014 1029 964 1000 988 995 998 990 1087 1902 1320 984 1128 984 1001 991 990 1201 2491

Total

36.8

51.9

11.3

39458

116

40_G Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Agreement on politics

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very 7.6 6.5 10.1 5.6 7.2 10.3 9.1 22.9 24.6 6.6 4.2 7.5 1.7 5.9 4.2 2.0 7.0 12.4 4.9 6.5 7.5 13.1 5.7 8.5 7.4 15.4 15.1 6.2 3.5 5.3 9.5 2.9

rather 22.1 19.2 36.9 27.2 20.6 25.1 28.8 28.2 35.6 16.7 25.6 18.1 13.8 26.5 19.3 12.8 9.4 28.6 23.7 29.6 35.0 33.7 26.4 25.4 22.1 25.0 23.7 19.3 16.0 13.9 19.7 11.9

not 70.2 74.3 53.0 67.2 72.2 64.6 62.1 48.9 39.8 76.7 70.2 74.4 84.5 67.6 76.5 85.3 83.6 58.9 71.4 63.8 57.5 53.1 67.9 66.1 70.5 59.6 61.1 74.5 80.5 80.9 70.9 85.2

N 1596 964 2000 1372 1948 1158 972 1128 996 1869 1000 1178 999 1009 1012 964 977 964 948 948 900 1043 1882 1278 974 1088 911 985 980 952 1150 2378

8.1

23.0

68.9

38522

117

40_H Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Understanding and tolerance

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 79.2 81.0 81.2 84.0 81.4 76.2 59.0 91.0 94.2 83.0 87.4 80.3 79.3 87.2 69.0 87.6 85.6 82.4 60.6 66.4 42.2 77.5 85.5 78.9 80.4 72.5 74.7 82.9 69.9 73.6 81.2 61.8

rather 19.6 16.6 17.7 15.5 16.8 22.6 35.9 7.5 5.1 16.1 12.3 18.3 20.3 12.0 30.3 12.1 12.7 16.8 38.2 33.0 56.7 22.2 13.9 20.2 18.4 26.0 23.5 16.4 29.7 25.3 16.5 36.6

not 1.2 2.4 1.1 .5 1.8 1.3 5.2 1.5 .7 .9 .3 1.4 .4 .8 .8 .3 1.7 .8 1.2 .6 1.1 .3 .5 .9 1.2 1.5 1.8 .7 .4 1.1 2.3 1.6

N 1613 984 2028 1396 1985 1187 990 1139 999 1902 1003 1191 1016 1012 1028 966 996 992 1001 999 994 1084 1903 1319 979 1119 985 1005 1000 989 1193 2483

Total

77.5

21.3

1.2

39479

118

40_I Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Living apart from your in-laws

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 69.1 50.5 31.2 43.6 47.0 32.5 31.2 51.5 56.6 62.0 57.4 54.3 55.1 41.7 24.4 39.5 44.7 46.6 38.8 32.4 34.3 61.1 39.7 18.3 49.0 38.3 57.6 29.9 28.9 45.5 51.9 36.5

rather 21.4 28.7 38.8 33.4 28.9 40.6 48.2 27.5 30.2 20.2 18.3 32.9 22.7 30.8 36.3 28.8 27.9 30.2 41.4 41.2 51.8 30.9 42.9 31.6 30.1 35.8 33.8 37.8 46.8 37.3 30.6 41.3

not 9.5 20.8 30.1 23.1 24.1 26.9 20.6 21.1 13.2 17.7 24.4 12.8 22.3 27.6 39.3 31.7 27.4 23.2 19.8 26.5 14.0 8.0 17.4 50.1 20.9 25.8 8.7 32.3 24.3 17.3 17.5 22.1

N 1602 931 1995 1318 1951 1154 969 1126 991 1879 996 1174 966 999 1006 939 985 955 971 967 966 1060 1895 1285 966 1122 980 989 979 979 1178 2434

Total

43.9

33.7

22.4

38707

119

40_J Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Happy sexual relationship

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 72.7 64.5 47.7 63.5 67.3 59.5 40.6 82.4 81.7 68.3 50.3 60.8 56.2 59.9 51.8 71.0 72.0 66.7 51.9 53.2 36.6 66.2 55.6 58.5 70.0 49.4 61.3 64.0 41.9 54.2 66.9 50.1

rather 25.2 31.2 46.9 35.0 29.2 36.4 53.9 12.5 16.8 28.8 45.4 33.9 41.4 38.1 45.0 27.4 24.5 29.0 42.7 41.2 59.3 31.9 40.6 35.8 26.4 44.9 33.6 33.7 53.3 39.3 27.6 43.9

not 2.1 4.4 5.4 1.5 3.5 4.1 5.6 5.1 1.5 2.9 4.3 5.3 2.4 2.0 3.2 1.6 3.4 4.3 5.4 5.6 4.1 1.9 3.7 5.6 3.6 5.7 5.1 2.3 4.9 6.5 5.5 6.0

N 1606 982 2012 1384 1957 1174 971 1122 991 1891 1003 1179 1004 1006 1024 966 995 970 978 961 953 1075 1896 1293 964 1079 938 996 989 939 1128 2364

Total

59.9

36.1

4.0

38789

120

40_K Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Sharing household chores

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 40.0 50.2 20.4 29.5 28.9 36.1 23.4 47.1 54.8 41.9 32.9 36.6 40.6 52.1 28.6 44.5 53.7 46.7 17.7 26.2 25.8 54.5 24.0 30.7 41.1 43.1 34.5 35.8 22.1 44.6 45.0 27.9

rather 41.5 37.6 53.8 47.6 45.4 43.1 66.7 37.4 33.4 41.6 51.2 45.5 48.6 41.2 53.4 45.2 33.2 40.0 51.3 53.7 68.1 42.6 59.6 50.0 47.2 51.5 44.0 46.1 59.7 46.7 42.9 51.5

not 18.5 12.2 25.8 22.8 25.8 20.8 9.9 15.5 11.8 16.5 15.9 18.0 10.8 6.7 18.0 10.3 13.1 13.4 31.0 20.2 6.1 2.9 16.4 19.3 11.8 5.4 21.5 18.2 18.2 8.8 12.2 20.6

N 1611 975 2024 1376 1979 1180 989 1135 997 1889 1000 1191 1009 1010 1022 964 997 986 978 982 981 1080 1895 1307 983 1125 975 1001 994 992 1191 2472

Total

35.8

47.8

16.4

39290

121

40_L Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Children

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 62.6 48.2 48.1 60.2 58.2 65.5 43.2 79.5 70.4 58.4 47.8 43.1 36.0 58.9 54.8 50.6 59.2 55.3 63.9 73.1 50.9 73.3 77.5 69.8 82.7 70.4 78.5 71.2 62.2 76.4 84.3 74.1

rather 27.2 34.8 39.5 29.2 31.5 28.2 51.1 14.2 24.5 29.9 28.1 37.8 32.8 29.4 31.3 34.5 25.0 28.6 31.7 23.8 45.7 24.0 18.8 25.2 15.4 27.4 18.9 24.4 33.6 21.5 13.1 22.9

not 10.2 17.1 12.4 10.5 10.3 6.3 5.7 6.3 5.1 11.6 24.1 19.1 31.2 11.7 13.9 15.0 15.8 16.1 4.4 3.0 3.4 2.7 3.7 5.1 1.9 2.2 2.6 4.5 4.1 2.1 2.6 3.0

N 1601 955 1995 1378 1958 1188 991 1136 981 1883 1000 1167 984 999 1022 963 985 966 976 994 990 1084 1899 1303 980 1133 993 1002 993 994 1192 2468

Total

63.1

28.1

8.8

39152

122

40_M Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Being willing to discuss the problems that come up between husband and wife

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 76.7 84.5 60.4 75.1 80.6 63.2 55.7 92.5 95.5 83.1 87.1 73.1 76.4 81.7 64.4 89.1 89.6 82.2 50.6 42.0 33.4 74.1 73.1 65.8 78.4 66.2 57.8 80.0 60.4 53.0 63.8 42.9

rather 21.6 13.9 36.4 24.2 18.2 32.3 39.5 7.2 4.5 16.2 11.7 24.9 22.1 17.4 33.6 10.6 10.1 17.3 44.3 50.9 63.4 25.2 25.0 30.7 20.8 32.8 37.9 19.2 38.7 41.0 33.1 51.4

not 1.7 1.6 3.1 .6 1.2 4.5 4.7 .4 .7 1.2 2.1 1.5 .9 1.9 .3 .3 .5 5.2 7.1 3.2 .6 2.0 3.5 .8 1.0 4.3 .8 .9 6.0 3.1 5.7

N 1611 984 2021 1396 1991 1179 992 1140 1000 1900 1003 1199 1012 1006 1029 966 1000 991 982 985 966 1085 1897 1305 984 1122 973 1006 1001 984 1189 2466

Total

69.9

27.8

2.3

39365

123

40_N Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Spending as much time together as possible

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 54.0 52.6 39.3 49.0 50.6 46.4 33.5 69.5 87.3 50.9 29.5 47.9 39.1 37.4 38.4 47.7 57.8 55.7 26.9 35.8 21.5 60.8 32.8 43.2 58.4 57.6 40.6 52.3 44.0 35.8 46.7 29.5

rather 37.3 38.7 52.5 42.6 39.9 44.8 58.5 23.5 12.2 39.0 53.7 43.9 49.2 52.1 49.2 45.6 34.3 36.9 52.3 51.0 60.5 36.4 52.5 41.6 35.8 39.8 44.6 41.8 48.2 44.0 38.2 53.6

not 8.7 8.7 8.2 8.4 9.5 8.8 8.0 7.0 .5 10.1 16.8 8.2 11.7 10.5 12.4 6.6 7.9 7.5 20.9 13.2 18.0 2.8 14.7 15.3 5.8 2.6 14.7 5.9 7.8 20.1 15.1 16.9

N 1612 974 2022 1391 1982 1190 987 1131 999 1897 1000 1194 1007 1008 1026 964 999 991 983 992 967 1079 1894 1304 980 1120 969 1004 1000 988 1177 2461

Total

45.5

43.9

10.6

39293

124

40_O Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Talking a lot about mutual interests

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 49.3 47.7 48.6 52.9 63.5 49.8 46.6 68.9 82.8 50.7 33.0 53.6 37.9 43.0 40.8 32.6 50.1 53.8 20.8 31.0 20.1 53.7 27.6 44.3 53.5 56.4 44.9 59.6 46.1 34.4 49.5 28.8

rather 42.3 44.9 45.9 43.7 33.6 41.4 49.6 28.6 15.4 40.9 57.4 41.4 54.7 53.0 51.9 58.9 42.0 39.5 56.7 57.5 68.9 43.1 59.0 44.5 39.7 42.2 43.2 37.2 51.0 51.4 42.6 58.5

not 8.3 7.4 5.4 3.4 3.0 8.7 3.7 2.6 1.8 8.4 9.6 5.0 7.4 4.1 7.3 8.5 7.9 6.7 22.5 11.5 11.0 3.2 13.4 11.1 6.8 1.4 11.9 3.2 2.9 14.2 7.9 12.7

N 1606 980 2022 1391 1985 1178 991 1137 996 1896 1003 1187 1010 1010 1026 964 995 978 973 986 960 1076 1888 1302 981 1112 954 1002 995 983 1182 2445

Total

46.0

46.3

7.7

39192

125

40_P Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? Same ethnic background

Great Britain Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Czech Republic Slovakia Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

very 15.6 11.4 15.5 11.1 36.4 37.1 9.9 6.8 11.9 6.7 22.9 21.1 10.5 13.2 9.2 9.2 12.6 27.3 33.8 18.9 21.3 8.8 9.4 6.4

rather 27.6 19.6 26.4 32.8 21.9 37.0 26.7 15.5 23.9 32.9 26.5 29.0 21.4 18.9 34.6 24.9 22.2 33.1 30.9 22.8 34.9 20.0 14.4 14.5

not 56.7 69.0 58.1 56.0 41.7 25.8 63.4 77.7 64.2 60.4 50.6 49.9 68.1 67.8 56.2 65.8 65.2 39.6 35.3 58.3 43.8 71.3 76.2 79.1

N 959 1952 1139 943 1115 975 993 1180 947 952 959 941 958 967 936 1874 1277 1100 944 995 988 967 1166 2433

Total

15.2

24.5

60.2

27659

126

41

If someone says a child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily, would you tend to agree or disagree? tend to agree

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

86.0 66.8 90.1 87.8 92.4 88.6 73.4 96.8 93.1 83.0 64.3 85.4 66.9 60.1 60.4 70.9 66.3 69.7 95.7 93.1 79.6 96.9 86.1 95.3 95.5 94.7 97.2 88.0 84.4 94.5 97.1 94.9

tend to disagree 14.0 33.2 9.9 12.2 7.6 11.4 26.6 3.2 6.9 17.0 35.7 14.6 33.1 39.9 39.6 29.1 33.7 30.3 4.3 6.9 20.4 3.1 13.9 4.7 4.5 5.3 2.8 12.0 15.6 5.5 2.9 5.1

Total

85.4

14.6

N 1577 910 1997 1392 1948 1138 969 1109 991 1872 991 1158 970 951 993 936 970 944 973 989 934 1088 1871 1308 991 1119 992 994 973 976 1182 2450 38657

127

42

Do you think that a woman has to have children in order to be fulfilled or is this not necessary?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

128

needs children not necessary 67.1 32.9 20.8 79.2 54.0 46.0 33.9 66.1 56.4 43.6 48.2 51.8 68.0 32.0 79.5 20.5 44.4 55.6 38.7 61.3 7.1 92.9 37.8 62.2 79.6 20.4 24.8 75.2 12.2 87.8 35.2 64.8 15.3 84.7 18.3 81.7 74.9 25.1 90.6 9.4 68.4 31.6 69.6 30.4 44.1 55.9 45.5 54.5 94.1 5.9 83.2 16.8 75.7 24.3 38.0 62.0 55.5 44.5 76.6 23.4 85.6 14.4 83.4 16.6 54.8

45.2

N 1525 863 1864 1227 1881 1089 929 1043 994 1820 996 1073 877 960 1001 889 902 895 895 950 847 1021 1803 1243 959 1086 927 966 954 950 1148 2349 36925

43

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Marriage is an outdated institution

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree 36.3 25.9 18.5 20.1 17.0 17.5 25.5 13.1 6.5 30.8 24.5 32.8 15.0 20.4 18.0 8.3 22.7 22.9 15.8 16.4 20.5 9.3 11.4 11.5 17.2 12.5 17.9 27.4 10.4 17.0 18.0 21.7

disagree 63.7 74.1 81.5 79.9 83.0 82.5 74.5 86.9 93.5 69.2 75.5 67.2 85.0 79.6 82.0 91.7 77.3 77.1 84.2 83.6 79.5 90.7 88.6 88.5 82.8 87.5 82.1 72.6 89.6 83.0 82.0 78.3

N 1524 920 1923 1375 1843 1097 972 1109 982 1850 983 1088 948 948 969 941 959 932 897 956 903 1048 1800 1220 950 1049 888 935 955 926 1133 2340

19.2

80.8

37364

129

44

If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent, but she doesn't want to have a stable relationship with a man, do you approve or disapprove?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

130

approve disapprove depends 49.5 27.5 23.0 30.8 38.3 30.9 30.6 29.7 39.7 38.2 25.7 36.1 27.6 40.4 32.0 65.6 17.9 16.6 36.6 50.2 13.2 28.4 56.3 15.3 15.3 71.1 13.6 49.6 37.6 12.7 48.7 29.0 22.3 45.8 33.7 20.5 52.3 36.5 11.1 31.7 39.8 28.5 53.6 26.4 20.0 81.9 11.0 7.2 33.2 35.2 31.6 31.2 38.8 30.0 28.7 21.4 49.9 55.4 24.7 19.9 61.1 15.3 23.6 41.8 22.1 36.2 39.3 31.1 29.6 23.3 34.2 42.5 38.4 35.6 26.1 48.7 29.8 21.5 46.5 35.3 18.2 55.8 19.8 24.4 66.5 16.3 17.2 60.6 23.6 15.8 40.1 36.7 23.2 53.6 25.8 20.6 43.6

31.8

24.6

N 1583 965 1981 1360 1954 1154 969 1132 993 1860 994 1175 988 972 996 949 975 959 962 985 937 1033 1893 1274 975 1087 962 979 994 962 1158 2408 38568

45_A How would you feel about the following statements? A man has to have children in order to be fulfilled agree agree strongly

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

24.5 1.7 11.4 6.9 12.1 10.3 10.4 26.4 3.8 11.6 1.5 9.6 28.3 7.8 6.4 3.6 2.0 32.3 48.7 13.0 25.0 24.4 13.2 43.1 32.2 27.0 8.3 33.2 38.1 33.6 31.1

28.5 9.7 27.5 19.3 32.5 25.5 39.4 27.3 30.2 18.7 3.8 20.3 36.2 19.9 22.6 11.6 14.1 34.5 40.9 34.6 29.2 35.7 25.8 32.9 42.4 27.4 29.1 38.7 38.7 39.8 39.7

Total

18.9

28.7

agree disagree disagree nor strongly disagre e 21.5 13.8 11.7 16.3 60.1 12.2 19.7 26.1 15.3 21.0 32.8 19.9 31.2 22.2 2.0 27.9 30.0 6.3 21.8 25.0 3.5 26.7 18.9 .8 14.9 48.7 2.4 18.1 22.5 29.1 6.4 49.8 38.5 22.0 28.3 19.8 18.4 14.8 2.2 22.7 41.8 7.9 23.7 41.5 5.8 15.3 63.9 5.5 11.7 61.6 10.6 18.4 13.8 1.0 6.4 3.8 .2 25.1 25.0 2.3 18.1 24.3 3.4 20.1 18.8 1.1 28.0 22.2 10.8 15.4 7.1 1.5 16.2 7.1 2.1 21.6 20.9 3.1 30.4 26.8 5.4 15.1 11.0 2.0 11.6 8.3 3.4 13.7 12.5 .4 13.3 14.7 1.1 19.4

25.2

N

1599 950 1957 1356 1956 1140 945 1129 988 1857 1003 1152 950 1016 939 964 958 970 998 931 1047 1885 1254 973 1090 949 977 992 954 1147 2391

7.9 37417

131

45_B How would you feel about the following statements? A marriage or a long-term stable relationship is necessary to be happy agree agree agree nor disagre disagree strongly disagree e strongly France 35.8 29.6 16.0 10.7 8.0 Great Britain 8.4 28.5 15.9 38.2 8.9 Germany 20.9 42.3 15.7 15.9 5.2 Austria 21.0 33.8 16.4 19.2 9.5 Italy 20.1 42.9 21.8 14.3 1.0 Spain 16.2 37.6 23.6 18.2 4.3 Portugal 19.2 50.9 16.2 12.1 1.6 Greece 54.9 34.1 7.7 3.2 .2 Malta 14.1 50.9 10.6 23.1 1.4 Belgium 29.9 29.0 11.7 15.7 13.8 Netherlands 4.2 15.7 11.3 51.5 17.3 Luxembourg 29.7 29.8 14.5 16.7 9.4 Denmark 15.1 20.4 13.1 39.1 12.3 Sweden 11.7 29.9 28.7 24.1 5.7 Finland 8.7 27.2 17.4 38.6 8.2 Iceland 8.1 27.4 20.6 39.3 4.6 Ireland 9.2 27.9 14.4 44.7 3.8 Northern Ireland 6.0 27.8 13.9 46.6 5.7 Estonia 30.9 44.5 14.9 8.7 .9 Latvia 37.4 44.0 10.8 7.3 .4 Lithuania 17.9 52.7 16.9 11.1 1.4 Poland 32.9 39.0 12.0 14.3 1.8 Czech Republic 21.1 48.2 18.2 11.8 .6 Slovakia 36.0 41.3 12.9 6.9 2.9 Hungary 55.0 34.9 6.6 2.2 1.3 Romania 38.6 45.5 11.0 4.0 .9 Bulgaria 44.1 36.8 12.1 6.4 .6 Slovenia 30.0 52.2 11.0 5.5 1.3 Croatia 22.6 41.3 16.9 16.9 2.3 Belarus 34.6 38.2 11.0 11.9 4.3 Ukraine 31.8 46.0 12.2 9.6 .4 Russia 28.0 45.9 12.9 12.5 .7 Total

132

25.1

37.9

14.8

17.7

N 1610 974 1985 1374 1964 1152 989 1134 993 1888 1001 1187 993 1001 1016 950 992 965 972 999 951 1068 1872 1289 986 1117 973 999 983 939 1135 2418

4.4 38871

46_A A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work

France Great Britain Germany Austria * Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland * Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 51.1 26.2 14.5 8.2 17.3 55.7 23.3 3.7 26.2 41.0 24.8 8.0

N 1591 944 1962

15.7 25.9 16.3 30.4 10.8 51.1 33.7 46.9 54.0 52.5 55.8 30.0

48.4 50.9 50.9 35.5 49.1 27.7 48.1 28.9 32.4 31.6 38.9 55.9

31.4 19.0 29.9 30.5 36.4 12.8 16.2 17.1 11.8 11.9 5.1 12.5

4.4 4.2 2.9 3.5 3.7 8.4 2.0 7.0 1.8 4.1 .3 1.6

1921 1159 982 1128 994 1889 994 1178 1003 1010 1023 957

21.7 27.3 20.5 17.1 30.4 47.7 36.9 39.0 39.2 33.6 27.8 52.5 38.0 31.0

48.9 48.3 56.0 37.0 50.3 33.4 40.9 44.0 40.1 48.9 47.0 29.4 45.3 52.2

26.3 23.2 22.4 38.9 17.6 15.8 20.0 12.1 17.7 15.0 20.6 14.6 15.5 15.4

3.0 1.2 1.2 6.9 1.6 3.1 2.3 4.9 3.0 2.5 4.6 3.5 1.2 1.3

958 967 952 1069 1877 1297 962 1091 941 982 985 968 1160 2403

33.9

42.7

19.7

3.8

31892

133

46_B A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

134

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 21.9 34.3 26.1 17.6 9.5 36.7 44.1 9.6 23.0 43.3 26.8 6.9

N 1562 901 1930

19.6 7.6 14.7 28.1 32.3 20.8 8.0 27.6 3.4 7.2 7.2 3.3

61.8 38.2 57.5 55.9 55.5 31.4 36.8 40.2 14.6 30.7 33.6 29.8

17.5 45.0 24.7 15.3 11.0 26.8 43.2 23.0 52.9 33.9 49.1 52.9

1.1 9.3 3.1 .7 1.2 21.0 12.0 9.2 29.1 28.2 10.0 14.0

1909 1112 975 1109 999 1874 974 1156 978 977 988 919

16.4 14.2 15.4 22.9 9.2 18.3 25.1 13.0 16.5 10.0 12.9 24.2 24.6 19.4

48.6 61.1 55.8 53.8 38.1 44.8 38.0 34.1 44.1 36.5 44.2 36.3 48.4 54.0

31.9 23.3 26.0 21.1 49.8 29.5 30.0 36.3 34.7 44.2 38.2 31.8 25.8 25.0

3.1 1.5 2.7 2.2 3.0 7.4 7.0 16.7 4.6 9.3 4.7 7.8 1.2 1.6

949 946 926 1046 1855 1273 957 1069 903 978 978 948 1145 2369

17

43.2

31.6

8.3

31253

46_C A job is alright but what most women really want is a home and children

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 24.5 40.6 24.5 10.3 7.6 36.7 44.4 11.3 11.8 32.2 36.8 19.2

N 1499 869 1863

17.0 11.5 10.1 26.3 10.3 22.1 5.3 18.8 3.0 9.1 9.6 6.4

50.5 35.2 42.4 53.3 59.9 33.7 29.2 36.6 15.5 31.3 40.0 55.5

29.2 40.4 37.6 18.2 27.9 29.0 50.6 29.1 54.3 32.4 41.5 28.7

3.3 12.9 9.9 2.2 1.9 15.2 14.9 15.4 27.2 27.2 8.9 9.3

1795 1060 943 1107 985 1806 975 1067 911 935 918 856

16.8 16.7 14.1 23.8 12.0 18.1 30.9 34.1 26.8 19.2 12.6 31.0 27.6 24.7

50.7 50.2 79.7 50.4 60.1 43.0 39.3 50.9 48.9 45.5 45.6 37.2 52.7 61.1

30.6 31.6 6.0 23.3 26.6 32.1 25.7 10.9 22.1 27.6 35.8 24.9 18.6 13.1

1.9 1.5 .2 2.4 1.2 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.2 7.6 6.0 6.9 1.2 1.2

905 890 918 1015 1780 1210 935 1058 877 956 941 924 1103 2333

17.8

45.6

28.6

8.0

33434

135

46_D Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

136

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 27.1 35.3 25.1 12.5 12.6 48.6 29.8 9.0 10.9 31.5 40.1 17.5

N 1477 857 1870

12.6 14.6 9.1 21.9 27.6 29.0 9.1 29.8 13.8 17.0 30.3 11.6

42.3 39.0 41.6 41.0 59.6 34.0 44.1 34.7 40.5 33.6 50.6 52.9

37.4 34.2 38.4 29.7 11.6 24.3 37.9 22.9 36.0 35.3 16.7 30.3

7.7 12.2 10.9 7.3 1.2 12.7 9.0 12.7 9.8 14.1 2.4 5.2

1835 1053 963 1116 990 1767 927 1088 880 914 960 845

15.4 6.7 16.3 17.9 15.6 31.5 22.8 14.3 15.8 15.7 13.8 32.7 20.7 15.2

43.6 33.3 62.3 42.6 60.7 39.3 38.3 34.0 33.5 38.4 34.0 31.1 37.2 48.4

36.4 55.9 19.9 34.9 22.1 23.1 32.7 34.8 39.2 36.0 40.5 25.6 39.1 31.0

4.6 4.1 1.5 4.6 1.5 6.1 6.2 16.9 11.4 9.9 11.7 10.6 3.0 5.4

913 848 936 1000 1829 1256 931 1015 823 939 949 954 1098 2273

18.5

41.8

31.3

8.4

33308

46_E Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 51.0 32.6 10.0 6.4 10.2 54.6 29.4 5.8 35.0 46.4 15.8 2.8

N 1584 900 1953

23.0 25.5 28.1 37.8 6.6 41.9 13.2 50.8 36.8 40.9 17.3 4.6

54.0 55.5 50.8 40.3 37.7 34.3 47.1 33.0 47.7 42.7 45.9 41.2

20.3 16.6 17.5 18.0 46.2 14.6 35.2 11.6 13.5 11.7 33.3 44.7

2.7 2.3 3.6 3.9 9.5 9.2 4.5 4.6 2.0 4.7 3.6 9.5

1905 1108 972 1116 987 1859 990 1150 961 974 968 897

21.4 24.8 16.6 24.7 14.5 30.5 34.3 36.1 37.4 29.0 24.0 25.9 23.6 20.2

57.3 60.4 60.1 51.3 61.3 44.1 37.9 45.4 41.7 50.4 53.2 32.0 49.4 49.9

19.7 13.2 20.7 22.8 22.9 21.2 25.0 13.8 17.9 18.2 20.4 33.4 24.9 27.1

1.6 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.3 4.2 2.8 4.7 3.0 2.4 2.4 8.7 2.1 2.8

933 944 873 1021 1816 1219 953 993 899 978 956 898 1060 2250

27.7

46.8

21.5

4.0

34118

137

46_F Both the husband and wife should contribute to household income

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

138

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 44.7 36.6 13.6 5.1 15.4 55.1 26.2 3.3 20.6 53.2 22.3 3.9

N 1569 930 1926

24.9 25.6 32.6 42.1 13.4 42.7 7.8 25.8 24.9 57.0 20.5 9.1

55.9 57.7 55.6 37.2 59.6 31.4 27.1 28.6 43.1 32.2 50.9 54.6

16.8 14.5 9.5 15.6 23.8 17.2 56.6 32.5 28.0 8.1 27.3 31.8

2.3 2.2 2.3 5.0 3.3 8.7 8.4 13.2 4.0 2.7 1.3 4.5

1924 1107 980 1132 981 1864 995 1137 969 1002 1001 914

30.4 32.7 20.1 40.9 45.4 49.0 48.6 43.7 43.3 44.7 38.0 47.2 33.0 26.5

52.0 55.9 69.4 46.2 47.4 39.6 40.9 41.5 48.5 46.2 57.1 38.2 52.8 56.2

16.2 10.2 9.7 12.4 6.8 9.2 9.8 12.3 7.4 7.9 4.7 12.4 13.6 14.6

1.4 1.2 .7 .5 .5 2.2 .7 2.5 .8 1.1 .2 2.2 .6 2.6

956 975 948 1051 1889 1286 973 1101 966 999 996 974 1136 2386

33

47.2

16.6

3.2

35067

46_G In general, fathers are as well suited to look after their children as mothers

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 42.1 37.7 15.4 4.8 13.4 57.8 23.2 5.6 19.3 54.4 22.4 3.9

N 1596 948 1952

16.1 21.6 13.8 16.8 7.5 41.5 22.6 40.4 41.3 59.7 35.6 23.6

52.4 52.6 54.5 44.9 55.0 36.6 54.2 37.6 43.1 32.2 50.6 60.9

27.6 21.6 23.4 30.6 33.5 16.5 21.6 17.7 14.1 6.6 12.9 12.7

3.9 4.3 8.3 7.7 4.0 5.4 1.5 4.3 1.6 1.6 .9 2.7

1920 1155 956 1108 989 1864 981 1151 996 1007 1023 950

16.7 20.4 14.9 31.6 12.4 28.6 24.7 18.8 20.0 30.8 19.2 47.8 31.8 28.1

52.4 52.1 67.7 54.2 54.6 38.1 46.2 37.8 41.1 54.1 51.5 36.4 50.0 53.7

28.2 25.6 16.5 13.3 31.2 28.4 25.7 30.7 32.5 13.8 24.8 14.0 17.6 15.8

2.7 2.0 .9 .9 1.8 4.9 3.4 12.7 6.4 1.4 4.5 1.8 .5 2.4

924 943 939 1061 1818 1278 962 1096 929 995 969 978 1163 2382

26.3

48.7

21.3

3.7

35091

139

46_H Men are less able to handle emotions in relationship than women

France Great Britain Germany Austria* Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland* Northern Ireland* Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

140

agree agree disagree disagree strongly strongly 22.2 34.4 25.5 17.9 11.5 47.3 32.8 8.3 8.3 39.5 41.4 10.9

N 1523 911 1925

10.9 8.7 8.2 12.9 5.2 19.2 9.6 22.7 13.7 15.6 11.3 8.4

41.8 36.5 55.0 44.1 47.3 37.5 52.4 35.0 47.3 49.5 47.3 58.4

40.5 43.6 30.2 32.0 43.4 25.3 33.7 29.4 31.3 18.5 34.3 27.2

6.9 11.1 6.5 11.0 4.2 18.0 4.3 12.9 7.7 16.3 7.0 6.0

1896 1070 901 1080 948 1789 972 1087 943 978 980 897

9.7 10.9 8.3 13.9 4.8 16.7 17.6 25.1 18.2 15.9 8.0 28.8 13.5 11.3

43.3 60.6 40.4 40.2 39.5 44.9 43.9 39.4 40.3 43.8 35.5 35.1 31.5 36.4

39.8 26.5 42.9 41.9 49.7 28.1 32.5 25.1 33.5 33.1 47.2 27.4 47.6 43.0

7.3 2.1 8.4 4.0 6.0 10.2 6.0 10.4 7.9 7.2 9.2 8.7 7.4 9.3

855 911 869 923 1752 1162 924 929 844 925 923 927 1063 2253

13.3

42.2

35.4

9.2

33160

*46_A

A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work

*

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree N disagree strongly strongly Austria 33.4 42.1 10.1 11.8 2.6 1497 Ireland 5.6 29.1 15.3 45.1 4.9 991 Northern Ireland 6.8 27.7 12.4 46.0 7.2 969

*46_B

A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works

* Austria Ireland Northern Ireland

*46_C

A job is alright but what most women really want is a home and children

*

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree disagree strongly strongly

Austria Ireland Northern Ireland

*46_D

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree N disagree strongly strongly 33.4 42.1 10.1 11.8 2.6 1507 5.6 29.1 15.3 45.1 4.9 984 6.8 27.7 12.4 46.0 7.2 962

13.1 6.8 4.0

29.0 28.3 31.1

21.5 19.2 19.4

27.9 40.4 39.5

N

8.4 1432 5.2 958 6.0 932

Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay

*

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree N disagree strongly strongly Austria 19.6 27.6 15.9 27.8 9.1 1437 Ireland 14.7 42.8 15.2 24.4 2.9 947 Northern Ireland 10.1 41.9 18.1 26.9 3.0 930

141

*46_E

Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person

*

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree N disagree strongly strongly Austria 32.2 43.2 12.3 10.1 2.3 1471 Ireland 13.5 42.6 17.0 25.5 1.5 968 Northern Ireland 10.1 51.1 15.5 21.5 1.8 897

*46_F

Both the husband and wife should contribute to household income

*

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree N strongly disagree strongly Austria 28.5 40.6 16.9 12.2 1.8 1479 Ireland 18.2 45.9 17.7 17.7 .4 992 Northern Ireland 16.3 53.1 17.6 12.1 .9 977

*46_G

In general, fathers are as well suited to look after their children as mothers * agree agree agree nor disagre disagree N disagree strongly strongly e Austria 25.7 42.4 9.0 20.5 2.4 1485 Ireland 16.5 51.7 9.3 21.2 1.2 986 Northern Ireland 11.9 54.4 11.8 20.0 1.9 970

*46_H

*

Men are less able to handle emotions in relationship than women

agree agree agree disagree disagree strongl nor strongly y disagree Austria 10.9 36.2 16.4 28.5 8.0 Ireland 8.7 42.7 14.6 29.5 4.5 Northern Ireland 5.7 43.2 18.9 29.5 2.7

142

N

1454 956 930

47

Which of these two statements do you tend to agree with? A Regardless of what the qualities and faults are of ones parents, one must always love and respect them B One does not have the duty to respect and love parents who have not earned it by their behaviour and attitudes

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

A 74.7 65.1 53.2 65.0 79.4 79.2 82.6 76.5 91.6 67.2 32.7 58.8 38.8 43.9 63.2 60.7 70.9 78.1 71.9 77.1 82.7 86.5 73.8 73.6 82.7 83.6 81.9 78.2 63.2 70.9 85.7 84.2

B 25.3 34.9 46.8 35.0 20.6 20.8 17.4 23.5 8.4 32.8 67.3 41.2 61.2 56.1 36.8 39.3 29.1 21.9 28.1 22.9 17.3 13.5 26.2 26.4 17.3 16.4 18.1 21.8 36.8 29.1 14.3 15.8

N 1547 892 1901 1239 1929 1132 972 1113 998 1841 994 1133 918 959 976 944 948 936 921 950 960 1062 1823 1255 976 1109 972 955 951 960 1157 2423

Total

71.7

28.3

37849

143

48

Which of the following statements best describes your views about parents, responsibilities to their children? A Parents' duty is to do their best for their children even at the expense of their own well-being B Parents have a life of their own and should not be asked to sacrifice their own well-being for the sake of their children C Neither

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

A 75.1 75.8 58.5 70.6 71.5 81.1 79.7 69.5 91.6 77.6 62.8 67.7 60.1 67.3 69.7 63.8 76.3 80.6 58.4 75.8 39.2 71.8 59.5 60.2 65.3 88.7 74.7 73.8 87.3 48.6 62.5 56.0

B 16.1 16.7 35.1 29.4 10.0 9.7 14.6 20.4 5.2 17.2 10.1 18.4 32.0 22.3 22.5 28.4 12.6 9.9 22.0 15.3 51.1 14.7 25.2 18.1 26.0 11.3 14.0 12.2 5.7 43.0 25.7 33.8

Total

68.8

20.8

144

C 8.8 7.4 6.4

11.3 14.1 7.0 8.5 11.8 10.1

N 1606 914 1987 1297 1979 1168 992 1120 999 1880 997 1179 994 993 1014 934 986 977 946 996 933 1068 1883 1290 983 1107 979 995 987 970 1171 2405

10.4

38728

18.5 9.2 5.6 10.1 3.2 5.3 27.1 13.9 7.9 10.5 7.8 7.8 11.2 9.5 19.6 8.9 9.6 13.5 15.2 21.6 8.6

49_A,B Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Good manners 68.4 91.5 63.1 77.8 74.5 85.8 76.5 78.4 81.5 74.9 80.0 83.2 72.2 70.3 89.6 74.0 87.5 88.5 77.7 71.6 32.9 57.2 86.7 72.6 70.5 76.3 69.0 77.5 95.2 60.0 55.3 58.1

N 1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 1000 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1003 1000 1207 2500

Independence 29.2 52.9 70.0 70.5 41.0 33.6 22.4 46.3 30.1 41.0 52.4 48.6 80.4 68.7 57.5 76.1 50.6 50.5 21.7 50.8 75.4 22.1 68.9 61.3 70.0 28.4 41.9 70.3 86.3 31.5 31.6 30.8

73.6

39787

49.8

N 1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 996 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1907 1327 1000 1146 1000 1003 1003 1000 1207 2500 39781

145

49_C,D Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only) Hard work France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

50.2 38.7 22.4 9.9 35.9 20.9 68.7 35.5 42.8 43.0 14.3 57.6 2.1 3.8 11.9 44.2 37.0 40.6 81.8 84.9 84.9 85.3 73.2 75.2 69.8 78.1 85.6 29.2 93.1 91.2 88.1 90.3

1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 999 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1908 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1003 1000 1207 2500

Responsibility 73.4 56.1 83.4 86.1 81.2 84.6 60.0 73.9 76.4 80.0 86.0 78.3 80.8 86.9 86.0 80.8 53.2 53.4 78.3 74.1 75.0 72.7 65.6 66.8 72.4 59.2 75.1 76.0 93.6 76.4 74.5 75.6

Total

53.1

39785

75.2

146

N

N 1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 999 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1003 1000 1207 2500 39781

49E,F

Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only) Imagination

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

18.3 38.1 29.3 23.8 12.4 32.8 15.2 14.9 6.5 25.6 31.4 24.9 36.8 40.4 28.0 18.2 25.7 31.1 10.7 7.1 4.8 12.9 6.9 2.7 10.4 12.9 19.2 12.4 73.2 10.2 10.7 7.0

Total

19.6

N

Tolerance & respect 1615 85.0 994 83.0 2036 72.6 1400 71.4 1999 74.7 1200 82.1 1000 65.3 1141 55.9 995 61.0 1912 83.5 1003 90.4 1211 78.0 1020 87.0 1014 92.5 1038 82.6 967 84.1 1011 75.0 1000 74.6 1005 70.9 1013 69.5 1018 56.5 1095 79.6 1897 62.9 1327 57.0 1000 64.7 1146 55.6 1000 58.9 1003 70.1 1003 93.8 1000 71.8 1207 65.0 2500 66.9 39769

72.9

N 1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 998 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1901 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1003 1000 1207 2500 39777

147

49_G,H Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

148

Thrift & saving money 37.5 32.8 36.8 47.6 34.6 32.8 35.6 37.1 54.0 43.9 23.0 48.4 9.6 30.5 22.5 20.5 21.4 25.7 44.4 45.1 41.6 38.1 31.6 38.6 40.9 29.3 38.9 35.4 83.7 46.0 50.1 51.2 38.3

N

Determination perseverance

N

1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 998 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1904 1327 1000 1146 1000 1003 1003 1000 1207 2500

38.3 40.2 46.4 35.6 34.0 26.9 24.3 46.5 16.4 44.8 34.8 39.1 31.9 29.2 50.1 29.1 28.1 33.6 49.4 36.1 34.5 34.6 28.6 25.0 28.3 17.8 55.6 53.9 92.2 49.2 45.9 40.3

1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 995 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1896 1327 1000 1146 1000 1003 1003 1000 1207 2500

39779

38.1

39768

49_I,J

Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Religious faith 7.8 18.1 13.4 20.4 31.3 19.7 24.4 54.6 56.8 16.4 9.9 17.4 8.1 4.8 15.7 10.4 38.2 39.8 6.0 11.9 21.8 42.6 6.5 33.1 18.8 56.3 15.0 18.0 79.6 12.1 18.0 8.6 22.4

N

Unselfishness

N

1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 1000 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1012 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1897 1327 1000 1146 1000 1003 1003 1000 1207 2500

40.3 59.7 7.1 5.4 41.3 3.4 40.0 22.2 45.7 35.3 26.7 25.7 55.7 32.7 20.7 34.5 49.3 50.1 16.4 11.5 28.0 12.1 36.8 18.6 21.1 6.5 14.3 37.6 89.9 16.9 15.3 20.5

1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 996 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1900 1327 1000 1146 1000 1003 1003 1000 1207 2500

39775

28.6

39773

149

49_K

Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

150

Obedience 35.5 48.8 11.8 16.7 27.7 48.4 38.7 16.8 41.0 41.9 26.8 26.1 14.3 12.7 30.2 17.4 47.4 57.3 28.4 20.4 19.4 32.3 17.2 26.4 32.9 18.0 15.8 25.1 83.3 33.7 35.1 33.6 30.0

N 1615 994 2036 1400 1999 1200 1000 1141 997 1912 1003 1211 1020 1014 1038 967 1011 1000 1005 1013 1018 1095 1897 1327 1000 1146 1000 1004 1003 1000 1207 2500 39772

50_A Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances? Where the women is married?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

approve 68.9 50.8 55.0 44.8 38.8 43.8 43.6 57.2 .9 51.4 63.6 39.1 81.4 89.7 59.1 59.7 17.8 23.5 48.8 53.2 57.1 29.8 65.7 44.6 65.0 58.9 67.8 69.4 65.5 58.2 50.9 60.7

disapprove 31.1 49.2 45.0 55.2 61.2 56.2 56.4 42.8 99.1 48.6 36.4 60.9 18.6 10.3 40.9 40.3 82.2 76.5 51.2 46.8 42.9 70.2 34.3 55.4 35.0 41.1 32.2 30.6 34.5 41.8 49.1 39.3

N 1347 743 1772 1181 1729 996 899 1060 992 1625 895 1079 921 954 957 876 871 862 717 801 779 907 1651 1095 892 1058 816 900 879 846 871 1941

52.9

47.1

33911

151

50_B Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances? Where a married couple does not want to have any more children?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

152

approve 62.5 47.5 55.2 44.1 31.0 42.4 39.4 51.0 1.3 41.4 48.1 36.1 72.5 85.1 52.3 50.4 15.2 17.9 71.1 64.0 62.7 36.5 76.7 52.2 75.5 57.0 81.2 75.2 59.6 68.2 62.2 74.8

disapprove 37.5 52.5 44.8 55.9 69.0 57.6 60.6 49.0 98.7 58.6 51.9 63.9 27.5 14.9 47.7 49.6 84.8 82.1 28.9 36.0 37.3 63.5 23.3 47.8 24.5 43.0 18.8 24.8 40.4 31.8 37.8 25.2

N 1404 771 1791 1213 1764 1011 909 1086 990 1690 939 1104 922 950 980 892 911 877 812 865 839 925 1732 1136 925 1062 863 917 894 880 982 2134

53.8

46.2

35172

51a

How interested would you say you are in politics

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Bulgaria Slovenia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very somewhat not very not at all 9.2 27.3 30.9 32.7 7.6 29.8 27.3 35.3 18.7 41.8 28.6 10.8 20.8 46.2 23.4 9.6 6.6 25.7 41.8 25.9 4.8 22.0 31.3 41.9 5.9 23.5 31.6 39.0 11.9 29.1 39.7 19.3 10.4 29.4 30.6 29.6 16.3 51.6 25.3 6.8 11.6 35.4 31.2 21.8 16.9 43.6 30.3 9.3 5.0 23.0 49.5 22.5 14.1 35.9 35.6 14.3 9.0 34.4 31.8 24.9 9.3 30.6 36.3 23.8 6.0 39.9 44.1 10.1 6.2 35.6 32.8 25.3 20.1 49.7 21.5 8.8 9.8 39.3 31.8 19.1 5.1 37.0 33.4 24.5 8.0 38.5 37.2 16.3 11.1 31.0 42.3 15.5 10.6 28.5 42.6 18.4 11.1

34.4

33.7

20.8

N 1611 980 2028 1391 1979 1192 996 1126 1886 1003 1172 1014 1036 963 1009 994 1000 1089 1897 992 1005 985 1194 2493 31037

153

51_A I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Signing a petition have done France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

68.3 79.4 50.6 56.7 54.6 28.6 22.6 33.7 33.1 71.4 61.3 53.2 56.8 87.4 49.5 53.0 59.5 60.4 20.7 19.1 27.3 22.6 58.7 59.3 14.7 10.7 11.2 32.4 37.4 8.8 14.2 11.6

Total

43.1

154

might do would never do 22.4 9.2 15.1 5.5 35.2 14.2 23.9 19.4 30.4 15.0 38.7 32.7 39.0 38.5 44.2 22.1 35.6 31.3 18.1 10.4 28.0 10.7 32.3 14.5 27.1 16.1 10.2 2.5 36.8 13.7 37.2 9.8 25.7 14.7 20.9 18.7 32.6 46.7 32.8 48.1 38.7 34.0 28.5 49.0 26.7 14.6 22.5 18.1 32.3 53.0 35.9 53.4 37.2 51.6 43.5 24.0 57.7 4.8 27.9 63.3 35.3 50.5 31.7 56.6 30.7

26.2

N 1593 979 1933 1380 1917 1028 961 1119 989 1887 1001 1143 995 1012 981 958 990 967 910 938 826 1082 1834 1274 958 961 822 953 975 935 1083 2338 37723

51_B I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Joining in boycotts have done France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

13.2 16.7 10.2 9.8 10.3 5.6 4.6 3.8 10.6 12.0 23.4 8.9 24.9 33.0 14.5 17.8 9.0 13.7 2.9 4.0 4.6 4.2 9.2 4.3 2.8 1.9 3.6 8.2 8.0 4.1 5.0 2.6 9.5

might do would never do 43.0 43.8 44.3 39.0 41.9 47.9 34.1 56.2 43.6 46.0 25.1 69.3 33.2 62.2 18.4 77.9 28.2 61.3 32.5 55.5 38.8 37.8 39.5 51.5 36.8 38.3 54.8 12.2 53.5 32.0 59.3 22.9 35.9 55.1 26.1 60.3 27.0 70.1 26.7 69.4 37.4 58.0 23.9 72.0 30.2 60.6 28.9 66.8 18.5 78.8 16.7 81.4 27.1 69.3 54.1 37.7 61.0 31.0 20.8 75.1 24.9 70.1 22.3 75.1 34.5

56.0

N 1480 964 1875 1348 1870 999 952 1093 973 1808 1001 1110 981 998 972 953 965 952 893 934 783 1081 1725 1099 942 900 797 940 933 943 1073 2326 36666

155

51_C I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Attending lawful demonstrations have done France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

39.7 13.4 27.0 16.7 34.8 26.9 14.9 38.7 25.5 39.6 34.1 28.3 29.3 35.2 14.6 20.7 20.9 21.9 11.1 25.1 11.5 10.0 27.8 14.3 4.5 14.8 14.8 9.8 7.7 16.3 18.9 23.3

Total

23.1

156

might do would never do 33.9 26.4 38.6 48.0 41.6 31.4 35.9 47.5 39.4 25.9 33.2 39.9 39.0 46.2 37.3 24.0 21.8 52.7 30.4 30.0 35.2 30.7 42.7 29.0 39.3 31.4 52.8 12.0 43.8 41.6 59.4 20.0 45.5 33.6 30.2 47.8 31.0 57.9 36.9 38.0 48.3 40.2 31.3 58.7 41.6 30.6 43.3 42.4 29.4 66.1 41.4 43.8 38.2 47.0 58.1 32.1 68.2 24.1 29.5 54.2 34.0 47.1 32.7 43.9 38.9

38.0

N 1567 960 1908 1374 1895 1074 955 1111 986 1861 1003 1143 992 999 974 957 980 949 907 957 847 1088 1794 1211 958 1039 850 947 955 953 1106 2406 37706

51_D I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Joining unofficial strikes have done France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

12.6 9.7 1.9 2.2 5.4 8.7 3.0 6.8 4.6 8.9 4.6 6.5 22.2 4.6 2.5 3.4 6.3 9.5 1.3 1.1 2.2 4.7 10.2 2.3 .8 1.2 4.9 3.6 3.2 1.1 2.7 1.6 5.2

might do would never do 31.9 55.5 28.4 61.9 16.4 81.7 17.7 80.2 15.6 79.0 23.2 68.1 20.5 76.4 23.1 70.1 15.9 79.6 20.4 70.7 28.7 66.7 22.9 70.6 30.8 47.0 47.5 47.9 25.0 72.5 29.6 67.1 31.0 62.7 20.2 70.2 11.9 86.8 14.5 84.5 24.2 73.6 15.9 79.4 28.8 61.0 21.0 76.7 9.6 89.6 8.2 90.6 20.7 74.4 32.7 63.6 43.0 53.7 15.7 83.2 16.2 81.1 16.2 82.2 22.2

72.5

N 1511 940 1895 1346 1861 1038 955 1081 965 1808 1002 1115 981 978 963 947 959 944 901 927 777 1084 1701 1080 949 1031 821 932 897 943 1063 2327 36722

157

51_E I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Occupying buildings or factories have done France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

158

9.0 2.2 .7 .7 8.0 3.1 1.2 18.8 1.2 6.0 5.5 1.6 2.8 2.6 .1 .7 2.3 2.4 .1 .3 1.4 2.9 1.0 .9 .5 .5 3.1 1.6 1.2 .6 .9 .7 2.8

might do would never do 35.3 55.7 16.0 81.8 13.8 85.4 9.6 89.7 17.6 74.4 18.8 78.1 22.0 76.8 16.2 65.1 12.9 85.8 28.3 65.7 24.1 70.5 18.5 79.9 12.1 85.1 19.0 78.4 15.0 84.9 12.2 87.1 16.0 81.8 10.3 87.3 4.9 95.0 4.0 95.7 12.1 86.5 15.8 81.4 10.1 88.8 14.6 84.5 4.3 95.2 5.5 94.0 14.1 82.8 23.9 74.5 19.2 79.6 4.1 95.3 5.1 93.9 8.4 90.9 14.8

82.3

N 1502 948 1914 1351 1856 1035 948 1108 966 1803 1002 1091 993 984 968 950 971 943 932 958 767 1085 1716 1088 951 1028 815 929 898 951 1089 2307 36845

52 Which of these two statements comes closest to your own opinion? A I find that both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider personal freedom more important, that is, everyone can live in freedom and develop without hindrance B Certainly both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider equality more important, that is, that nobody is underprivileged and that social class differences are not so strong A France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

B 50.0 59.6 61.6 56.3 39.7 49.1 49.3 47.1 57.3 46.3 56.0 49.4 69.4 61.6 53.1 45.6 48.5 47.4 54.6 52.1 57.9 54.6 58.6 63.5 44.7 60.3 60.1 46.4 44.6 61.6 53.1 46.9

43.0 31.8 29.4 35.5 49.3 39.7 46.4 52.1 38.4 48.8 40.3 40.5 26.5 34.7 44.4 52.5 45.1 47.0 35.3 47.9 32.4 39.6 34.6 24.8 47.9 39.7 35.1 45.3 50.1 29.4 41.0 47.5

neither 7.0 8.6 9.0 8.1 11.0 11.2 4.3 .8 4.3 5.0 3.7 10.1 4.1 3.6 2.5 1.9 6.4 5.6 10.1 .0 9.7 5.8 6.8 11.8 7.4 4.8 8.3 5.3 9.0 5.9 5.5

N 1576 897 1930 1326 1903 1043 913 1058 974 1869 1001 1144 944 990 985 945 949 930 937 939 859 1002 1856 1200 932 1051 909 944 948 874 1058 2274

159

Total

52.9

40.7

6.4

37158

53 In political matters, people talk of `the left' and the `the right'. How would you place your views on this scale, generally speaking? 1 2 Left

3

4

5

6

Mean

7

8

9

10 Right

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.86 5.08 5.34 5.42 5.36 4.79 5.27 5.46 5.80 5.20 5.09 5.37 5.51 5.34 5.77 5.78 5.62 5.64 5.93 5.83 5.41 5.35 5.96 5.14 5.10 5.83 5.85 4.99 5.08 5.68 5.48 4.92

Std. Dev. 2.18 1.65 1.77 1.63 2.20 2.05 2.24 2.48 1.79 1.88 1.72 1.81 2.01 2.08 2.13 2.18 1.66 1.87 1.72 1.92 2.23 2.30 2.30 2.02 1.73 2.25 2.48 1.82 1.76 1.98 2.39 2.14

N 1333 807 1696 1132 1571 913 770 1001 974 1562 962 901 925 971 911 876 833 789 688 678 633 854 1758 1116 771 635 673 725 797 515 755 1601

Total

5.39

2.06

31126

160

54_A Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Individuals should take The state should take more more responsibility responsibility to ensure that for providing for themselves everyone is provided for

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 4.02 4.43 4.23 3.97 5.63 5.65 4.84 5.93 5.12 4.99 4.65 4.33 4.39 4.24 4.57 4.58 4.61 4.57 6.08 6.68 5.38 5.75 4.90 6.37 6.13 4.82 5.23 6.54 5.21 5.64 6.07 5.70

Std. Dev. 2.53 2.39 2.48 2.57 2.67 2.40 2.80 2.69 2.76 2.73 2.08 2.43 2.15 2.23 2.50 2.64 2.57 2.47 2.42 2.67 2.85 2.60 2.58 2.62 2.86 3.23 2.87 2.65 3.12 2.96 3.02 2.90

N 1584 976 1997 1376 1944 1131 975 1129 1002 1887 995 1150 992 1002 1022 957 981 972 963 998 991 1079 1884 1270 954 1097 970 996 996 984 1181 2467

Total

5.15

2.76

38904

161

54_B Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 People who are unemployed People who are unemployed should have to take any should have the right to job available or lose refuse a job they do not want their unemployment benefits Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.53 4.92 4.09 3.87 3.41 4.44 4.64 5.12 5.30 4.95 5.22 3.88 4.87 3.95 5.07 4.69 5.60 5.16 6.40 5.64 5.39 4.39 4.69 4.65 4.29 4.99 5.17 3.60 4.91 5.84 6.28 6.11

Std. Dev. 2.96 2.58 2.63 2.63 2.43 2.43 2.66 2.84 2.66 2.83 2.26 2.57 2.74 2.38 2.66 2.81 2.71 2.50 2.55 3.01 3.30 2.98 2.71 2.75 2.92 3.41 3.20 2.68 3.25 3.11 3.19 3.02

Total

4.84

2.90

162

N 1590 975 1990 1370 1935 1133 978 1129 1002 1884 1000 1178 989 1005 1017 952 975 972 953 960 963 1070 1874 1271 948 1051 946 990 995 954 1161 2428 38639

54_C Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Competition is good. It Competition is harmful, stimulates people to work it brings out the worst in hard and develop new ideas people Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.73 4.01 3.80 3.19 4.16 4.29 4.45 4.28 3.19 4.72 4.70 4.45 4.02 3.46 4.28 2.70 3.81 3.88 4.39 3.43 3.99 3.99 3.25 3.59 3.75 2.74 3.50 3.24 2.93 3.67 4.05 4.09

Std. Dev. 2.68 2.12 2.17 1.96 2.49 2.24 2.64 2.66 2.09 2.60 2.04 2.47 2.24 1.92 2.26 1.85 2.32 1.92 2.34 2.29 2.67 2.74 2.22 2.24 2.54 2.32 2.49 2.28 2.43 2.49 2.95 2.68

Total

3.87

2.45

N 1585 962 1961 1348 1905 1125 945 1125 1002 1864 993 1148 987 1001 1016 959 973 947 948 961 883 1051 1871 1248 922 981 888 982 991 906 1110 2281 37870

163

54_D Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The state should give more The state should control freedom to firms firms more effectively

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 4.90 4.77 4.62 4.06 4.91 5.41 5.59 6.13 4.99 5.58 5.49 6.48 4.42 3.91 4.66 3.37 5.00 4.50 6.11 7.36 4.60 6.64 6.03 7.13 6.66 6.19 5.38 5.54 5.03 4.80 5.42 6.08

Std. Dev. 2.86 2.21 2.59 2.54 2.78 2.38 2.71 2.91 2.72 2.82 2.04 2.50 2.41 2.11 2.33 2.12 2.48 2.17 2.70 2.67 2.97 3.01 2.69 2.58 2.77 3.46 3.24 3.12 3.33 3.03 3.27 3.01

N 1565 924 1934 1336 1886 1056 881 1094 994 1852 983 1096 936 986 962 942 938 860 932 963 871 1047 1860 1244 918 1052 894 946 973 907 1119 2345

Total

5.39

2.88

37295

164

54_E Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 Incomes should be made more equal effort

6

Mean

7 8 9 10 There should be greater incentives for individual

France Great Britain Austria Italy Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.83 5.61 4.63 6.02 5.49 6.09 6.75 4.56 5.66 6.05 5.69 6.88 4.81 6.09 5.48 3.69 6.12 4.05 4.43 5.27 7.35 7.15

Std. Dev. 2.99 2.49 2.58 2.73 2.92 2.05 2.64 2.61 2.85 2.78 2.67 2.40 3.11 3.13 2.77 3.04 3.05 2.69 2.96 2.95 3.00 2.97

Total

5.66

2.98

N 1598 971 1357 1922 1878 1000 1168 1015 957 983 957 950 941 1079 1874 1055 951 985 991 959 1170 2440 27201

165

54_F Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Private ownership of Government ownership of business and industry business and industry should be increased should be increased

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Portugal Netherlands Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Romania Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 4.03 4.72 4.05 3.41 4.11 4.72 4.42 4.22 3.67 4.18 4.50 5.74 4.94 5.78 4.71 4.38 4.12 5.24 5.60 6.11

Std. Dev. 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.08 2.21 2.42 1.88 2.14 2.12 2.28 2.21 2.44 2.85 2.80 2.51 3.23 2.98 2.69 2.99 2.77

N 1498 907 1836 1301 1801 845 968 956 923 929 849 902 840 1017 1851 1032 985 859 1036 2196

Total

4.64

2.59

23530

166

54_G Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Each individual should be The state should be responsible for arranging responsible for his or her own pension everyone’s pension

Great Britain Austria Portugal Belgium Luxembourg Finland Iceland Estonia Lithuania Czech Republic Romania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

Mean 5.84 5.94 7.44 6.88 6.49 6.00 5.62 7.71 7.77 6.61 6.38 6.26 6.31 7.19 7.63 7.73

Std. Dev. 2.60 2.73 2.54 2.66 2.73 2.46 2.80 2.24 2.72 2.64 3.51 2.97 3.16 2.87 2.90 2.65

N 949 1362 976 1876 1132 1006 956 953 974 1875 1093 979 993 987 1171 2444

Total

6.80

2.85

19726

167

54_H Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Each individual should be The state should be responsible for arranging responsible for everyone’s his or her own housing housing Mean Great Britain Austria Finland Estonia Lithuania Czech Republic Romania Bulgaria Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.65 3.65 5.05 6.24 6.10 5.77 4.34 4.24 7.04 7.12 7.16

Std. Dev. 2.23 2.32 2.57 2.59 2.82 2.53 3.16 2.76 2.76 2.81 2.59

Total

5.72

2.92

168

N 953 1372 1018 960 985 1886 1105 961 982 1169 2439 13830

54_I Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 One should be cautious about You will never achieve making major changes in life much unless you act boldly

Austria Italy Luxembourg Finland Iceland Estonia Lithuania Romania Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

Mean 5.9 5.41 4.13 5.59 6.78 6.47 4.88 4.96 6.28 5.84 5.38

Std. Dev. 2.6 2.54 2.4 2.37 2.23 2.27 3.09 3.37 2.48 3.07 2.92

N 1352 1940 1138 1020 959 946 953 1070 848 1129 2352

5.55

2.79

13707

169

54a

On this card are three basic kinds of attitudes vis-à-vis the society we live in. Please choose the one which best describes your own opinion. (Code one only) A B C

The entire way our society is organized must be radically changed by revolutionary action Our society must be gradually improved by reform Our present society must be valiantly defended against all subversive forces

Austria Italy Lithuania Czech Republic Slovenia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

170

A 2.0 4.1 22.8 6.3 7.2 5.3 9.7 14.6

B 81.3 86.8 67.3 74.9 81.6 87.1 86.5 79.9

C 16.7 9.1 9.9 18.9 11.2 7.5 3.7 5.5

N 1298 1907 817 1787 917 824 1025 2145

8.6

80.8

10.5

10720

55

There is a lot of talk these days about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card are listed some of the goals which different people would give top priority. If you had to choose, which of the things on this card would you say is most important? (Code one answer only)

France Great Britain * Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

maintain more say fighting protect order in important rising freedom nation government prices of speech decisions 43.1 23.5 19.0 14.4

N

1594

42.2 36.0 32.1 41.6 33.0 41.2 32.9 36.7 41.0 45.2 58.5 44.8 52.2 56.6 37.2 40.5 57.2 53.7 24.1 40.4 55.7 48.1 52.5 49.2 75.9 41.8 27.7 56.1 54.6 56.4

32.4 32.9 39.1 26.3 25.6 34.1 19.7 27.9 17.5 29.7 16.7 31.8 24.2 25.3 36.0 28.3 20.8 24.3 33.3 27.8 26.4 18.4 17.1 15.4 5.4 36.4 44.9 13.1 21.8 18.7

15.9 6.8 11.9 14.8 32.2 17.1 39.1 15.3 6.7 11.2 2.7 3.4 12.8 8.7 18.5 20.6 20.2 17.7 38.7 27.3 10.1 29.8 28.5 27.3 12.7 12.2 16.4 25.4 21.8 23.6

9.5 24.3 16.9 17.3 9.2 7.6 8.4 20.1 34.8 13.8 22.1 20.1 10.8 9.4 8.4 10.6 1.8 4.4 3.9 4.4 7.9 3.7 1.9 8.1 5.9 9.7 11.1 5.3 1.9 1.3

1999 1382 1952 1122 968 1101 1001 1868 996 1148 996 1006 1019 954 989 965 978 997 970 1068 1878 1285 963 1098 960 982 983 976 1157 2458

45.3

26

18

10.7

37813

171

*

maintain more say fighting protect improve N order in important rising freedom standard nation government prices of of living decisions speech Great Britain 21.7 16.6 13.0 10.5 37.5 967

172

56

And which would be the next most important?

France Great Britain * Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

maintain more say fighting protect order in important rising freedom nation government prices of decisions speech 18.8 20.7 29.1 31.4

N

1573

23.2 22.9 19.9 22.5 27.7 25.7 31.7 23.1 29.6 20.8 23.2 27.0 24.9 24.7 20.7 21.2 24.3 26.0 26.8 28.9 23.1 32.7 26.3 25.8 15.6 25.8 20.0 25.2 26.5 27.6

23.0 24.6 25.3 24.8 22.4 29.9 24.0 21.5 21.9 24.6 26.3 33.1 22.0 28.2 24.1 25.2 27.5 27.3 26.4 25.2 30.4 23.8 24.8 21.1 21.1 27.3 25.3 25.8 24.3 24.0

29.7 12.3 22.5 24.6 33.0 24.1 24.2 21.8 13.5 26.4 9.5 8.7 25.4 21.2 29.4 25.7 37.1 32.8 34.3 32.5 26.8 31.3 40.6 36.3 41.6 21.2 27.7 37.4 39.7 43.1

24.1 40.2 32.3 28.1 16.9 20.4 20.1 33.6 35.0 28.2 41.1 31.1 27.7 25.9 25.9 27.9 11.1 13.9 12.5 13.4 19.7 12.2 8.3 16.8 21.6 25.8 27.0 11.6 9.6 5.3

1962 1348 1891 1076 951 1070 1000 1832 993 1072 940 984 990 950 977 939 954 978 940 1057 1841 1254 943 1064 909 955 953 946 1110 2391

24.5

24.9

28.1

22.6

36845

173

*

maintain more say fighting protect improve N order in important rising freedom standard nation government prices of of living decisions speech Great Britain 15.2 17.4 18.1 16.6 31.1 958

174

56a

Of course we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight for your country?

France Germany Austria Italy Luxembourg Finland Lithuania Romania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 57.8 46.7 55.0 60.1 53.8 87.5 72.1 84.3 84.8 84.5 84.4 73.7 77.0

no 42.2 53.3 45.0 39.9 46.2 12.5 27.9 15.7 15.2 15.5 15.6 26.3 23.0

N 1347 1531 1151 1723 922 970 646 970 895 828 848 904 2133

Total

69.1

30.9

14869

175

57_A Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? Less emphasis on money and material possessions

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

176

good 70.9 65.7 53.4 50.1 70.6 80.6 57.2 73.7 81.8 69.4 59.0 70.8 70.0 67.3 66.2 61.5 69.0 71.6 54.1 31.8 45.6 60.1 48.7 61.4 45.1 65.5 57.6 62.8 78.7 47.5 44.3 45.4 61.1

bad don`t mind 12.4 16.7 6.7 27.6 29.3 17.3 29.9 20.1 9.3 20.0 9.0 10.4 28.6 14.2 15.5 10.8 14.6 3.6 10.1 20.5 9.5 31.5 17.3 11.9 14.4 15.6 12.3 20.4 18.3 15.6 18.9 19.7 10.2 20.9 6.8 21.6 31.7 14.2 58.3 9.9 43.5 10.9 20.4 19.5 37.5 13.8 31.3 7.3 44.2 10.7 27.4 7.2 30.8 11.6 25.8 11.3 8.7 12.6 36.7 15.8 45.3 10.5 42.0 12.6 23.5

15.4

N 1578 956 1956 1341 1938 1158 955 1128 1000 1855 999 1153 943 977 996 921 991 960 893 866 864 991 1775 1185 925 987 825 952 940 894 992 2112 37007

57_B Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? Decrease in importance of work in our lives

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

good 65.4 53.4 40.1 30.4 24.6 41.5 20.1 29.0 31.1 50.2 37.4 47.1 33.5 50.6 24.6 43.3 37.7 41.7 13.4 9.4 13.0 16.2 10.3 8.1 19.9 19.0 36.2 19.7 33.7 19.7 21.4 15.5 30.1

bad don`t mind 17.7 16.9 19.5 27.1 43.7 16.1 54.9 14.8 61.4 14.0 41.9 16.6 70.1 9.8 59.9 11.1 67.3 1.6 29.9 20.0 38.2 24.5 40.2 12.7 58.4 8.1 33.3 16.1 65.4 10.0 46.3 10.4 45.6 16.8 37.9 20.4 78.7 8.0 86.8 3.8 78.1 8.9 73.8 10.0 84.8 4.9 88.5 3.4 64.0 16.1 76.2 4.8 54.1 9.6 73.5 6.8 53.5 12.8 69.4 10.9 70.7 7.8 74.1 10.4 57.7

12.2

N 1572 956 1945 1355 1935 1124 984 1116 1001 1834 986 1152 926 957 1001 931 990 952 943 921 887 1042 1840 1258 939 1025 881 965 935 928 1035 2289 37604

177

57_C Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? More emphasis on the development of technology

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

178

good 58.3 69.9 63.0 57.3 64.5 54.8 71.0 62.5 87.8 57.1 48.4 65.3 61.9 35.3 54.9 84.5 69.2 61.7 75.3 86.9 78.9 79.5 75.7 78.6 58.9 85.3 83.8 79.0 78.9 81.6 89.5 88.2 70.1

bad don`t mind 17.7 23.9 6.2 23.9 13.0 24.0 19.3 23.4 13.6 21.9 19.4 25.8 10.3 18.6 20.5 17.0 5.8 6.4 19.8 23.0 25.5 26.1 18.7 16.0 26.7 11.4 30.5 34.2 24.7 20.4 6.6 8.9 9.8 21.0 10.7 27.6 7.8 16.9 4.0 9.1 5.1 16.0 6.8 13.7 9.1 15.2 8.3 13.0 21.0 20.2 6.1 8.6 5.0 11.2 10.5 10.5 10.8 10.3 3.7 14.6 3.2 7.3 3.4 8.4 12.6

17.3

N 1554 950 1933 1294 1905 1060 928 1122 998 1821 991 1146 898 931 981 924 972 952 911 925 905 1023 1813 1212 926 965 803 962 939 915 1124 2383 37168

57_D Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? Greater emphasis on the development of the individual

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

good 86.7 74.8 89.2 88.8 92.4 86.0 78.6 90.5 96.4 87.4 83.6 77.9 93.3 89.6 89.7 95.9 91.5 83.4 83.4 90.1 86.9 87.3 87.6 86.4 70.6 90.1 91.8 77.8 87.3 94.3 92.3 87.6

bad 2.2 4.2 2.1 2.8 1.3 5.1 7.1 2.0 1.4 4.3 4.7 8.8 2.7 3.1 4.0 .8 1.8 1.8 4.8 3.4 2.4 3.3 4.8 6.0 7.3 2.3 2.0 10.2 1.5 1.2 1.6

don`t mind 11.1 21.0 8.7 8.3 6.3 8.9 14.4 7.5 2.2 8.3 11.7 13.3 4.0 7.2 6.3 3.3 6.7 14.8 11.8 6.5 10.7 9.4 7.6 7.6 22.0 7.5 6.2 77.8 87.3 94.3 92.3

N 1597 953 1993 1353 1964 1142 933 1120 1001 1850 994 1118 974 985 999 950 989 957 935 938 907 998 1816 1234 898 982 845 922 918 1123 2388

3.4

87.6

36776

179

57_E Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? Greater respect for authority

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

180

good 68.7 70.8 45.5 39.0 51.3 56.9 77.7 25.6 92.4 63.0 67.4 52.7 38.2 22.2 39.4 46.9 75.9 76.6 43.9 48.9 44.0 54.6 52.3 68.1 68.7 84.5 68.8 43.3 50.0 72.4 63.8 56.3 56.8

bad 9.9 7.1 34.3 38.3 9.4 13.9 4.9 16.8 2.8 12.2 11.9 23.6 37.5 56.4 38.4 14.4 6.7 5.9 11.1 16.2 13.6 7.3 22.7 10.9 16.1 5.2 6.8 21.1 24.6 5.0 6.4 7.4

don`t mind 21.4 22.1 20.2 22.7 39.3 29.2 17.4 57.6 4.8 24.8 20.7 23.7 24.3 21.4 22.2 38.7 17.4 17.6 45.0 34.8 42.5 38.2 25.0 21.0 15.2 10.3 24.4 35.6 25.4 22.6 29.8 36.3

N 1555 959 1958 1330 1904 1099 975 1119 1001 1830 996 1111 911 943 982 909 985 956 867 850 848 977 1746 1181 929 1011 868 941 934 921 967 2179

16.4

26.8

36741

57_F Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? More emphasis on family life

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

good 91.2 89.7 90.2 92.2 92.3 88.0 91.1 92.4 99.4 90.2 68.9 88.2 95.3 78.1 94.9 96.4 94.7 90.7 89.0 92.1 96.7 94.8 93.0 94.8 91.9 95.5 95.1 95.6 91.5 91.5 90.6 93.5 91.6

bad .7 1.4 2.6 1.6 1.2 3.3 4.6 .4 .5 1.4 8.3 2.9 .9 4.7 .7 .7 .4 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.4 2.6 1.7 .8 .7 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 .8

don`t mind 8.1 8.9 7.3 6.2 6.5 8.8 4.3 7.2 .1 8.4 22.9 8.9 3.8 17.2 4.4 2.8 4.9 8.2 9.3 6.2 2.0 3.9 4.6 2.6 6.4 3.8 4.2 3.1 7.1 7.3 7.8 5.7

N 1600 979 1997 1375 1971 1164 979 1132 1001 1870 993 1170 993 980 1024 957 1004 981 960 947 960 1069 1853 1284 954 1063 935 992 975 962 1151 2428

1.8

6.6

38704

181

57_G Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? A simple and more natural lifestyle

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

182

good 93.5 74.9 70.8 81.5 89.0 89.8 81.0 93.5 96.1 86.6 67.9 85.2 81.1 83.7 79.7 77.9 82.4 75.1 86.2 81.5 90.1 85.9 82.1 88.0 83.7 84.0 79.3 91.6 96.9 79.6 64.4 58.8 82.2

bad .9 4.3 12.2 5.8 .9 3.8 4.4 1.7 2.4 2.5 11.0 5.9 3.6 3.1 5.0 4.6 1.9 4.7 4.1 6.8 3.9 2.9 7.0 6.6 3.6 5.2 7.5 3.6 .3 6.9 15.7 18.7

don`t mind 5.6 20.8 17.0 12.6 10.2 6.4 14.6 4.8 1.5 11.0 21.1 8.9 15.3 13.2 15.3 17.6 15.7 20.2 9.8 11.8 6.0 11.2 10.9 5.4 12.6 10.8 13.2 4.9 2.8 13.5 19.9 22.5

N 1598 949 1966 1369 1964 1166 976 1129 1001 1868 998 1144 937 975 1000 923 996 970 933 917 935 1018 1792 1227 935 997 841 985 977 904 903 1996

5.6

12.1

37290

57_H Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? More power to local authorities

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

good 52.3 37.7 46.0 38.3 42.1 40.4 57.3 54.0 68.0 34.7 25.7 37.9 43.9 35.1 46.3 49.2 47.1 48.2 51.9 41.8 50.0 54.7 70.0 73.8 24.6 70.6 51.2 41.6 44.8 32.3 57.0 53.9 47.9

bad don`t mind 14.9 32.8 30.6 31.8 24.4 29.6 34.3 27.4 17.0 40.9 27.7 31.9 11.4 31.4 6.6 39.4 17.3 14.8 30.9 34.4 51.6 22.7 32.3 29.8 37.1 19.0 42.4 22.5 29.2 24.6 17.3 33.5 24.6 28.3 20.1 31.7 15.7 32.4 31.7 26.5 9.5 40.5 13.7 31.7 11.9 18.1 6.2 20.0 51.3 24.1 14.8 14.6 13.4 35.5 27.5 30.9 33.1 22.1 24.3 43.4 15.7 27.4 15.3 30.8 23.0

29.1

N 1505 903 1839 1254 1829 1058 923 1104 1002 1763 987 1056 870 925 960 851 935 856 851 846 814 935 1742 1074 924 967 765 931 886 841 906 2080 35186

183

57a

In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm mankind?

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Sweden Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Total

184

will help will harm some of mankind mankind each 40.0 18.5 41.5 51.2 9.0 39.8 35.3 16.3 48.4 30.7 8.6 60.7 44.4 15.1 40.6 66.3 8.7 25.0 40.8 17.5 41.7 37.7 17.1 45.2 62.0 6.5 31.5 34.5 10.8 54.7 33.9 14.0 52.1 55.7 13.4 31.0 43.4

12.4

44.1

N 902 1973 1339 1951 968 935 951 931 877 974 981 882 13665

58_A Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The church

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 11.4 34.3 24.6 29.7 9.7 24.7 45.9 19.7 9.1 30.4 38.6 21.9 10.6 28.3 45.3 15.8 27.0 40.1 25.9 7.0 15.5 26.3 35.0 23.2 35.1 44.8 14.7 5.4 28.7 35.7 22.9 12.7 49.6 33.8 12.8 3.8 12.7 30.2 32.3 24.7 6.9 22.7 50.3 20.1 15.7 32.1 30.4 21.8 9.0 50.2 34.4 6.5 7.5 37.9 43.5 11.1 12.9 45.2 33.2 8.6 13.4 51.1 29.6 5.8 20.7 31.5 38.5 9.3 31.3 32.3 27.4 8.9 10.2 33.8 38.7 17.3 25.8 40.8 21.2 12.2 16.8 54.2 27.1 1.9 33.3 36.0 23.3 7.4 4.6 14.9 41.4 39.0 30.2 38.6 17.8 13.4 17.8 29.7 27.8 24.6 47.9 34.8 14.6 2.7 12.9 22.5 36.8 27.7 11.7 23.7 37.8 26.8 19.3 42.3 30.8 7.6 22.0 48.5 19.0 10.5 28.7 37.0 21.5 12.9 23.1 37.9 22.9 16.2 19.3

34.5

30.2

15.9

N 1562 942 1919 1383 1975 1183 986 1121 998 1871 994 1162 949 989 1020 962 1003 985 870 943 888 1076 1875 1247 986 1134 945 989 972 905 1127 2314 38276

185

57_B Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The armed forces

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

186

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 15.5 47.5 21.0 16.0 27.8 55.8 13.8 2.7 5.7 49.4 37.8 7.1 6.2 33.1 48.9 11.8 11.1 40.5 38.0 10.4 7.9 35.7 36.9 19.6 16.2 54.7 23.5 5.7 29.5 44.5 16.7 9.3 18.1 54.7 21.2 5.9 5.9 33.9 38.6 21.7 3.0 36.1 50.5 10.3 11.0 43.1 29.5 16.4 7.7 53.7 34.1 4.6 4.3 40.0 47.3 8.4 26.5 57.8 13.6 2.1 5.5 34.6 40.4 19.4 16.8 42.0 33.7 7.4 17.6 38.6 29.0 14.8 3.8 30.9 51.3 14.0 9.2 38.6 36.5 15.7 2.1 48.0 46.8 3.1 19.5 47.9 27.4 5.2 2.5 22.7 62.0 12.8 14.3 62.7 18.1 4.8 5.2 40.8 39.7 14.3 36.3 46.3 14.7 2.7 12.2 45.6 34.6 7.6 8.5 33.1 43.8 14.7 11.4 50.9 30.8 7.0 20.4 49.4 23.2 7.0 21.1 47.7 23.7 7.5 22.8 44.0 24.8 8.3 13.2

43.3

33.3

10.2

N 1564 972 1921 1357 1948 1156 938 1132 979 1847 987 1126 965 991 1022 937 970 953 921 920 866 1045 1863 1241 970 1113 927 982 977 927 1136 2411 38065

57_C Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The education system

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 13.2 55.2 24.8 6.8 12.8 53.5 29.3 4.4 8.2 64.4 24.9 2.5 29.3 56.9 12.9 .9 13.8 39.4 39.4 7.4 14.5 53.1 28.3 4.1 13.4 46.4 32.6 7.5 5.7 31.3 43.8 19.2 28.2 56.6 13.7 1.5 17.3 60.6 18.0 4.0 10.9 62.2 24.5 2.4 15.0 52.8 26.1 6.1 9.8 65.2 23.6 1.4 10.4 57.4 30.1 2.1 26.8 62.0 10.6 .6 19.4 63.0 17.0 .7 33.5 52.9 12.3 1.3 27.6 55.1 15.7 1.5 12.8 61.1 22.4 3.7 19.8 53.9 21.6 4.6 1.6 65.0 32.3 1.1 32.7 48.5 17.4 1.3 11.9 42.7 43.2 2.2 13.3 63.0 20.6 3.1 9.3 55.0 28.6 7.0 30.5 48.9 17.7 2.9 13.4 44.1 35.6 6.9 26.9 53.4 17.7 2.0 11.1 47.3 36.7 5.0 24.8 59.2 13.1 3.0 23.2 48.5 21.4 6.9 23.7 47.6 22.9 5.9 17.5

53.5

24.8

4.2

N 1596 973 1989 1388 1966 1158 956 1137 989 1886 994 1141 994 1002 1028 961 1002 975 944 968 881 1066 1878 1252 953 1113 912 995 986 948 1148 2397 38575

187

57_D Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The press

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

188

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 2.4 33.2 41.3 23.0 1.2 14.6 48.7 35.5 4.1 31.9 49.4 14.6 4.9 27.0 56.2 11.9 5.2 30.1 51.4 13.4 5.8 35.6 44.9 13.8 11.4 54.3 28.0 6.4 5.1 26.3 46.2 22.4 3.7 32.8 43.9 19.6 3.6 34.7 42.8 18.9 6.2 49.2 41.3 3.3 6.3 39.7 41.0 12.9 2.1 30.8 56.1 11.1 4.1 41.7 48.3 5.9 2.8 33.5 54.1 9.6 1.8 37.5 52.4 8.4 7.8 27.0 52.6 12.7 1.7 16.8 51.4 30.2 3.6 38.4 46.6 11.5 4.6 40.2 44.7 10.5 6.1 70.7 21.7 1.5 10.0 36.8 44.1 9.1 3.9 33.7 53.1 9.3 3.6 45.4 40.5 10.4 2.5 28.2 45.9 23.3 8.9 29.6 48.1 13.4 4.0 22.2 53.5 20.3 14.1 47.0 33.2 5.6 2.0 13.5 59.8 24.7 5.4 35.2 44.0 15.4 7.6 38.9 37.9 15.6 4.7 25.3 43.3 26.7 4.9

33.9

46.0

15.2

N 1601 981 1982 1364 1954 1161 960 1138 995 1892 996 1137 995 1002 1028 957 988 967 978 995 957 1041 1883 1263 980 1076 865 999 987 947 1154 2447 38670

57_E Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? Trade unions

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 4.1 30.6 40.6 24.6 2.7 25.4 48.6 23.4 5.1 32.7 50.9 11.3 4.5 26.8 50.0 18.6 4.3 24.4 47.3 24.0 4.8 22.6 49.8 22.8 6.7 40.3 38.9 14.1 2.7 9.4 52.0 35.9 8.4 40.8 36.4 14.5 4.6 33.2 40.6 21.5 4.5 54.1 34.9 6.5 8.9 43.3 36.5 11.2 5.7 42.3 43.7 8.4 3.8 38.7 48.4 9.1 5.8 47.7 39.2 7.2 6.6 42.4 44.7 6.2 9.7 36.6 42.6 11.0 6.1 31.5 42.5 19.9 3.4 29.0 47.4 20.1 5.3 26.9 41.3 26.6 1.0 39.0 53.8 6.1 6.1 27.9 47.0 19.0 2.6 19.4 51.4 26.6 4.6 38.7 39.8 16.8 1.9 21.8 42.1 34.2 5.7 21.4 52.5 20.4 2.7 12.7 46.3 38.4 6.9 24.4 47.2 21.5 2.8 23.0 56.7 17.5 3.4 24.5 49.7 22.4 7.1 30.6 38.7 23.7 5.9 24.6 36.5 33.0 4.9

30.3

44.8

20.0

N 1550 902 1863 1326 1927 1108 877 1094 954 1821 963 1085 953 984 999 952 954 852 814 797 672 956 1821 1083 916 1011 786 915 943 910 1078 2224 36089

189

57_F Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The police

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

190

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 13.1 53.1 23.2 10.6 17.6 52.0 23.9 6.5 11.7 61.9 23.1 3.4 21.3 54.4 20.6 3.8 14.2 53.0 27.9 4.8 10.1 44.8 34.1 10.9 14.4 51.1 25.6 8.8 6.3 31.1 39.9 22.6 17.6 49.5 24.8 8.0 7.1 48.3 33.8 10.8 8.0 55.6 33.3 3.1 15.4 57.0 20.9 6.7 26.5 64.4 8.1 1.0 13.3 62.3 22.0 2.5 30.4 59.7 8.8 1.1 21.5 61.5 15.5 1.5 33.8 49.8 12.5 3.9 18.9 44.1 23.7 13.3 3.8 30.4 51.4 14.3 6.3 33.6 40.9 19.2 .8 25.5 61.2 12.5 16.9 38.1 34.1 10.8 4.1 28.9 56.4 10.6 4.5 40.0 40.7 14.8 5.0 40.4 39.8 14.9 10.2 35.2 38.6 16.0 7.7 39.0 40.3 13.0 9.3 40.8 41.0 8.8 5.6 40.7 42.6 11.0 6.5 33.8 41.2 18.5 6.2 26.3 35.8 31.7 7.0 22.0 36.4 34.6 11.9

44.3

32.1

11.6

N 1597 981 2008 1377 1968 1173 976 1136 999 1891 993 1167 1011 1010 1032 961 1004 975 970 983 955 1064 1879 1265 988 1113 953 995 992 956 1163 2442 38976

57_G Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? Parliament

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 2.9 37.7 36.0 23.4 4.3 31.2 49.3 15.2 4.1 31.6 49.0 15.3 7.1 33.6 49.9 9.4 4.9 29.2 49.1 16.8 9.4 37.0 41.9 11.6 5.2 44.0 37.5 13.4 3.0 26.0 41.3 29.8 8.1 44.2 33.4 14.3 4.0 35.1 40.3 20.6 4.6 50.7 39.9 4.7 9.8 52.9 28.9 8.4 5.2 43.4 44.7 6.7 5.5 45.6 42.6 6.2 5.4 38.3 46.9 9.4 15.2 56.4 25.6 2.8 7.5 23.6 50.2 18.6 5.9 34.5 40.6 19.1 2.9 24.1 54.2 18.8 3.6 23.9 45.2 27.3 .3 10.3 61.6 27.7 7.9 24.9 45.3 21.9 1.7 10.5 56.1 31.7 2.8 40.0 38.6 18.6 4.1 29.9 44.0 22.1 3.7 15.5 41.2 39.6 5.7 21.7 46.4 26.2 5.1 20.2 52.9 21.8 3.3 17.4 54.0 25.4 6.3 31.2 39.7 22.8 4.4 22.5 39.8 33.3 3.0 16.4 38.7 41.9 5.0

30.6

44.0

20.5

N 1544 955 1949 1343 1944 1118 889 1130 993 1823 990 1086 986 993 1022 957 983 922 931 968 949 1004 1864 1197 960 1088 915 966 978 873 1110 2298 37728

191

57_H Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? Civil service

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

192

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 4.3 41.6 36.6 17.5 3.7 42.2 44.2 9.9 2.1 36.6 50.8 10.4 5.1 37.3 51.0 6.6 3.6 29.6 51.6 15.2 6.7 33.8 45.5 14.0 3.3 50.3 36.9 9.5 1.1 19.1 42.4 37.3 7.1 42.1 35.4 15.4 3.5 42.6 39.1 14.8 1.6 35.9 55.6 6.9 8.0 51.5 33.2 7.3 3.7 51.2 40.8 4.3 2.7 46.1 45.7 5.5 3.4 37.5 50.9 8.2 5.4 50.5 40.6 3.5 13.1 46.2 33.0 7.7 9.0 43.5 36.1 11.4 2.6 37.8 49.5 10.1 4.5 44.7 38.6 12.3 .2 20.4 57.9 21.5 6.0 26.6 50.7 16.8 2.1 19.7 64.4 13.8 2.2 36.5 46.9 14.4 4.4 45.2 38.2 12.2 4.5 22.8 47.5 25.1 2.9 21.0 51.0 25.2 4.4 20.9 54.5 20.2 3.0 28.3 56.4 12.3 4.3 18.7 45.1 31.9 4.9 34.0 41.4 19.6 4.4 33.4 40.7 21.5 4.2

35.5

45.7

14.6

N 1574 903 1954 1323 1944 1141 917 1136 996 1855 978 1097 978 941 1009 944 973 904 911 962 917 1008 1869 1225 953 1046 833 965 975 915 1079 2253 37476

57_I Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The social security system

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 13.5 53.4 23.7 9.4 5.1 31.3 48.5 15.2 2.5 41.8 45.8 9.9 16.9 49.8 29.5 3.8 6.3 27.8 47.1 18.8 12.8 49.9 30.3 6.9 5.3 45.3 36.2 13.2 2.0 22.7 44.2 31.1 20.0 56.8 19.4 3.8 13.8 55.6 24.0 6.6 9.1 55.3 32.4 3.2 17.7 60.9 17.5 3.8 8.9 58.2 30.2 2.8 4.0 46.9 44.4 4.8 8.9 61.7 25.4 4.0 9.4 40.1 43.3 7.2 12.0 43.8 38.4 5.8 9.0 45.1 34.5 11.5 6.0 44.7 41.1 8.2 11.4 46.0 32.2 10.4 1.3 30.9 53.7 14.0 8.9 30.0 43.3 17.7 4.4 29.0 56.9 9.7 2.3 34.3 47.3 16.0 3.4 38.9 36.7 21.0 6.0 24.5 45.3 24.2 4.0 21.5 46.8 27.7 11.5 35.2 45.5 7.8 3.7 24.2 52.0 20.1 12.6 43.2 29.5 14.7 7.0 37.1 37.2 18.7 8.4 36.9 34.6 20.1 8.4

41.3

38.0

12.3

N 1588 942 1958 1375 1945 1170 957 1127 996 1862 995 1146 980 956 1028 921 989 923 925 960 899 975 1868 1206 942 1008 868 963 975 862 1106 2337 37751

193

57_J Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The European Union

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

194

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 6.5 42.0 34.7 16.9 4.8 21.6 42.4 31.3 4.4 32.7 49.0 13.8 6.1 31.4 42.3 20.3 15.7 53.0 25.6 5.8 8.0 42.4 38.3 11.3 7.4 61.1 23.7 7.9 1.8 23.0 40.6 34.6 19.3 36.5 19.0 25.2 8.2 42.0 34.4 15.5 2.5 30.9 53.6 13.1 12.6 45.2 30.0 12.2 2.1 24.6 49.6 23.6 3.1 25.7 47.2 24.0 1.6 22.9 54.5 21.0 3.4 41.6 42.4 12.6 12.2 48.0 31.6 8.3 5.7 34.1 35.8 24.4 3.4 27.9 47.2 21.5 4.3 30.6 40.2 25.0 1.2 29.4 56.3 13.1 9.4 33.7 37.9 19.0 7.6 35.0 39.2 18.2 9.6 45.0 26.6 18.9 9.0 49.7 27.4 13.9 8.5 30.6 37.1 23.8 11.0 32.5 39.1 17.4 7.4 29.5 46.7 16.5 6.1 35.0 44.6 14.3 6.5 40.5 46.0 7.0 8.6 36.8 31.7 22.9 3.0 22.7 34.1 40.2 7.0

35.9

38.5

18.5

N 1515 838 1852 1338 1886 1064 866 1114 864 1765 970 1103 943 958 997 832 921 742 792 769 681 896 1754 1066 864 930 728 923 920 630 766 1679 33969

57_K Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? NATO

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Romania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 13.5 45.4 28.4 12.7 5.5 45.7 36.2 12.6 5.2 22.7 41.4 30.7 11.2 44.5 31.6 12.7 5.6 25.0 42.5 26.8 11.7 56.0 23.2 9.2 .5 8.3 20.2 71.0 15.3 37.0 23.0 24.7 6.7 39.8 35.3 18.2 4.8 45.6 41.4 8.1 16.2 46.1 27.3 10.3 8.9 50.3 31.2 9.5 4.2 37.1 39.8 18.9 5.2 41.9 40.4 12.5 6.4 30.3 37.9 25.3 5.9 29.9 34.1 30.2 2.4 33.4 48.8 15.4 13.6 43.2 29.9 13.3 10.6 33.2 34.5 21.8 7.9 27.7 30.0 34.4 9.7 25.2 33.1 32.0 7.1 29.8 43.2 20.0 10.4 41.0 35.6 13.0 3.7 17.5 38.9 39.9 5.8 26.0 32.1 36.0 1.1 7.0 19.2 72.8 7.4

33.6

33.0

25.5

N 822 1866 1284 1876 1030 842 1127 854 1727 982 1211 932 890 849 792 769 668 883 1770 1050 947 921 923 702 790 2052 28561

195

57_L Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? United Nations Organization

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

196

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 9.2 44.7 29.9 16.2 12.6 47.6 31.2 8.6 6.7 45.4 37.8 10.1 7.8 33.9 43.6 14.8 18.2 49.7 24.9 7.2 6.6 35.6 39.7 18.2 13.6 57.7 19.6 9.1 1.4 15.7 33.5 49.4 19.0 44.1 18.8 18.1 7.2 39.2 36.8 16.9 5.8 49.2 39.1 5.8 17.0 48.0 26.4 8.6 9.2 55.0 29.7 6.1 14.2 59.5 21.9 4.4 5.1 39.1 45.3 10.5 14.4 58.0 22.9 4.7 15.7 46.9 29.0 8.4 9.4 43.3 29.3 18.0 5.1 38.4 40.5 16.0 7.5 40.4 32.7 19.5 1.9 45.2 42.0 10.9 14.7 43.4 32.2 9.8 10.7 37.6 38.1 13.6 9.1 43.1 27.5 20.4 8.4 50.5 29.4 11.7 10.9 33.4 32.3 23.4 10.4 30.0 39.8 19.9 10.1 38.8 39.2 11.9 6.7 34.2 42.5 16.6 7.6 45.6 31.5 15.3 13.7 41.6 24.5 20.2 3.8 23.1 32.6 40.6 9.7

41.8

32.8

15.7

N 1497 817 1851 1273 1880 1018 856 1106 860 1744 976 1081 927 969 994 916 914 778 769 750 631 892 1745 1045 855 927 733 923 922 708 793 1886 34036

57_M Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? Health care system

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 18.2 59.2 17.7 4.9 15.1 43.6 32.8 8.5 4.8 48.2 40.4 6.6 28.1 58.2 12.5 1.2 8.1 28.6 45.5 17.8 13.7 51.9 28.1 6.3 7.2 36.8 37.2 18.8 2.1 24.7 46.3 26.9 34.2 52.7 11.7 1.4 21.2 61.4 14.2 3.2 16.5 58.6 23.0 1.9 19.6 58.3 18.4 3.6 11.2 58.4 27.7 2.7 15.8 60.5 21.7 2.0 19.5 64.9 13.8 1.8 30.2 54.8 13.8 1.3 16.7 40.8 35.4 7.2 20.2 47.7 25.8 6.4 8.8 53.0 33.0 5.2 13.0 54.0 25.3 7.7 .7 36.2 53.3 9.8 19.5 37.1 33.6 9.9 8.6 34.3 50.4 6.6 5.8 45.3 39.4 9.4 5.3 38.6 39.5 16.6 15.9 43.0 32.3 8.8 10.1 24.0 43.5 22.4 18.2 50.2 26.9 4.6 5.1 33.9 47.6 13.3 14.3 52.9 25.7 7.0 7.7 40.0 33.7 18.6 13.0 43.2 30.7 13.0 13.8

46.5

31.0

8.7

N 1595 974 1993 1384 1970 1174 983 1126 1000 1882 999 1150 1003 1010 1031 960 1000 982 962 989 900 1052 1870 1288 969 1095 917 992 993 952 1153 2460 38808

197

57_N Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? The justice system

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

198

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 5.3 40.5 34.7 19.5 9.9 39.2 36.5 14.3 10.0 51.5 32.7 5.9 15.8 53.2 26.9 4.1 6.0 25.5 49.4 19.1 10.2 32.1 42.8 15.0 4.8 35.8 37.9 21.5 7.5 39.0 34.3 19.3 9.9 35.1 34.4 20.7 5.6 30.8 40.1 23.6 5.0 43.2 43.6 8.1 10.0 48.7 32.0 9.4 16.2 62.2 19.2 2.3 7.8 53.2 34.2 4.8 11.1 54.7 30.2 3.9 18.2 55.4 22.5 3.9 14.6 39.9 36.9 8.6 8.0 39.9 37.4 14.6 4.6 27.7 50.6 17.1 8.0 39.2 37.8 15.0 .1 19.2 58.3 22.4 12.1 29.8 40.4 17.6 5.9 17.4 57.2 19.5 3.1 32.5 45.4 19.1 6.9 38.4 38.6 16.1 10.7 29.4 39.1 20.8 8.9 18.9 44.8 27.4 10.5 33.2 42.2 14.1 3.6 27.0 50.4 19.1 9.1 37.4 41.7 11.8 5.1 27.2 39.1 28.6 6.8 29.4 35.5 28.3 8.3

36.5

39.1

16.1

N 1588 969 1981 1332 1946 1162 944 1128 983 1884 983 1112 980 994 1023 944 992 949 931 937 892 1029 1857 1211 967 1078 866 980 985 915 1132 2411 38085

57_O Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? Major companies

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Luxembourg Finland Iceland Lithuania Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

a great quite a lot not very none at deal much all 4.6 43.0 36.3 16.0 3.8 36.3 46.9 13.0 3.6 32.6 49.0 14.8 5.8 35.4 48.4 10.4 6.4 43.2 38.8 11.6 5.4 29.2 45.2 20.2 4.9 47.9 35.5 11.7 1.9 17.7 38.0 42.4 4.2 35.8 43.4 16.6 3.7 38.9 48.1 9.2 3.2 38.5 47.5 10.8 .0 17.1 63.3 19.6 2.7 16.9 63.6 16.8 2.0 21.9 53.9 22.2 10.4 48.2 33.2 8.3 3.3 18.1 39.1 39.5 2.4 18.2 32.4 47.0 4.0

31.4

44.5

20.1

N 1532 863 1878 1280 1879 1097 860 1061 1081 998 909 608 1793 938 820 886 2029 20512

199

58a_A Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on international cooperation? [Belgium]* cannot solve its environmental problems by itself, but needs to collaborate with international organizations on environment protection.

Italy Belgium Netherlands Denmark Sweden Lithuania Poland Belarus Ukraine Russia

agree strongly 31.7 56.6 38.1 66.5 45.8 28.2 40.1 51.8 37.4 24.0

Total * [your own country]

200

40.5

agree

disagree

55.7 29.4 49.9 23.2 42.9 54.4 46.1 35.4 42.1 41.0

11.6 8.4 10.9 8.0 10.4 14.7 11.8 9.6 19.5 29.6

disagree strongly 1.0 5.6 1.1 2.3 .9 2.7 2.0 3.1 1.0 5.3

42.0

14.7

2.9

N 1880 1835 993 1000 940 857 1013 892 1106 2262 12779

58a_B Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on international cooperation? [Belgium]* cannot solve its problem of criminality by itself, but needs to collaborate with international police organisations.

Italy Belgium Netherlands Denmark Sweden Lithuania Poland Belarus Ukraine Russia

agree strongly 29.6 64.8 27.6 51.1 32.2 22.0 37.7 27.7 26.6 17.2

Total

33.9

agree

disagree

54.4 24.7 56.1 32.2 52.0 49.8 45.3 37.6 38.6 35.0

15.1 6.3 14.6 13.3 14.0 23.6 15.3 27.9 32.0 40.1

disagree strongly .9 4.2 1.7 3.4 1.8 4.6 1.7 6.8 2.8 7.7

41.3

20.9

3.8

N 1900 1877 987 982 939 891 1028 881 1102 2278 12865

* [your own country]

201

58a_C Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on international cooperation? [Belgium]* cannot solve its problems of unemployment by itself, but needs to collaborate with international organisations on economic development.

Italy Belgium Netherlands Denmark Sweden Lithuania Poland Belarus Ukraine Russia

agree strongly 27.3 48.4 7.6 22.3 13.7 22.2 28.5 29.0 24.4 11.2

Total * [your own country]

202

24.2

agree

disagree

55.4 30.7 39.1 27.9 54.9 49.8 42.6 40.0 33.9 27.3

16.1 13.4 48.6 42.6 31.4 22.5 26.2 23.3 38.6 49.0

disagree strongly 1.2 7.6 4.7 7.2 .0 5.4 2.7 7.8 3.1 12.5

39.2

30.8

5.8

N 1889 1840 982 940 919 884 981 873 1084 2240 12632

59 On the whole are you very satisfied, rather satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the way democracy is developing in our country?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very rather not very not all that satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied 4.4 45.0 39.3 11.3 5.5 48.2 35.0 11.3 10.0 65.4 19.7 4.9 7.8 69.2 20.2 2.8 1.6 34.3 52.7 11.4 6.6 53.9 33.3 6.2 10.1 66.5 20.2 3.2 7.5 42.1 36.3 14.1 16.6 61.4 18.1 3.9 2.3 45.2 35.4 17.1 6.1 67.8 23.8 2.2 12.0 71.4 14.5 2.2 12.3 54.7 30.0 3.0 2.9 57.0 34.4 5.7 4.0 52.6 39.2 4.3 4.2 60.9 30.4 4.5 9.9 53.6 30.0 6.4 2.6 26.0 51.9 19.5 2.0 33.8 51.8 12.3 1.3 29.0 59.5 10.3 1.6 23.9 52.5 22.0 2.0 43.2 41.6 13.1 .7 36.5 49.7 13.0 .8 22.6 52.9 23.7 1.9 31.0 55.2 11.9 1.7 19.2 52.2 26.9 2.9 24.5 49.8 22.7 .9 44.1 44.4 10.6 1.7 16.2 55.7 26.4 5.8 27.1 39.2 27.8 1.4 14.2 48.5 35.8 .4 6.7 42.9 50.0 4.5

41.5

39.3

14.7

N 1489 824 1967 1340 1926 1129 944 1095 959 1816 993 1059 949 954 980 885 936 879 898 946 867 982 1875 1265 960 1076 937 965 981 770 1088 2269 37001

203

60 People have different views about the system for governing this country. Here is a scale for rating how well things are going: 1 means very bad; 10 means very good Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.70 5.21 6.04 5.84 4.26 5.49 5.86 4.62 6.83 4.81 6.28 6.34 5.13 5.20 5.82 6.05 5.69 5.36 4.68 4.37 3.18 4.04 4.30 3.81 4.00 3.66 4.65 4.39 3.37 4.38 3.39 2.59

Std. Deviation 1.80 1.77 2.04 1.87 1.89 1.81 1.86 2.11 2.13 1.94 1.43 1.80 2.02 1.94 1.82 1.72 2.09 2.06 1.72 1.73 2.11 1.89 1.79 1.86 1.87 2.30 2.26 1.91 1.95 2.32 1.95 1.69

Total

4.75

2.19

204

N 1560 942 1998 1359 1955 1123 933 1128 1002 1862 1003 1078 995 1002 1007 953 999 945 957 950 928 1052 1879 1284 961 1087 908 974 990 904 1118 2402 38238

61 Where on this scale would you put the political system as it was........... [in former communist countries: under communist regime] [in countries where recently a change of regime xx has taken place: under xx regime;] [in countries where no regime change has taken place: ten years ago]? 1 means very bad and 10 means very good Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.16 5.10 5.95 6.25 4.47 5.22 5.01 5.35 6.31 5.18 6.15 6.37 5.55 5.82 5.67 5.35 5.07 4.84 4.37 4.28 5.36 4.42 3.59 5.26 5.48 4.56 4.79 4.70 3.83 5.37 4.98 5.75

Std. Deviation 1.76 2.06 2.26 1.89 2.26 1.85 1.94 2.26 2.04 1.94 1.37 1.77 2.10 1.84 1.90 1.63 2.26 2.34 2.39 2.43 2.92 2.66 2.41 2.53 2.26 3.06 2.99 2.34 2.18 2.69 2.84 2.65

Total

5.16

2.40

N 1448 895 1842 1207 1851 1050 896 1069 984 1656 892 831 881 849 921 790 900 875 868 917 898 998 1846 1246 909 1059 891 947 947 821 1085 2343 35611

205

62_A I’m going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. Having a strong leader who does not have to bother with parliament and elections very good France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

206

fairly good

fairly bad very bad

N

13.3 7.5 4.9 3.0 4.4 3.9 4.6 3.8 6.5 9.4 5.5 16.3 5.1 4.2 6.1 2.0 9.8 4.8 3.6 17.6 20.7 7.3 2.8 5.9 7.9 33.6 17.1 7.7 2.0 15.4 24.6 14.9

21.8 17.4 11.2 12.7 11.2 19.2 31.0 6.8 12.4 22.2 21.9 28.6 8.8 17.3 20.5 8.9 16.8 14.4 14.7 40.3 35.1 14.8 13.9 13.8 13.6 33.0 30.5 16.2 8.6 24.7 34.9 34.0

23.4 26.2 18.0 22.9 28.2 39.2 45.9 19.2 19.9 23.8 37.6 22.3 25.6 28.3 41.7 32.1 25.5 22.7 46.4 29.1 30.5 42.1 34.4 39.8 32.1 18.7 28.0 31.0 40.0 36.8 28.9 36.0

41.5 49.0 65.9 61.4 56.2 37.7 18.5 70.2 61.2 44.6 35.1 32.8 60.5 50.2 31.8 57.0 47.9 58.1 35.3 13.1 13.7 35.8 48.9 40.5 46.4 14.6 24.5 45.1 49.4 23.1 11.6 15.2

1496 845 1931 1321 1901 969 777 1118 974 1784 987 1011 962 982 973 951 950 819 906 877 797 984 1773 1211 898 972 719 964 961 835 957 2066

8.9

19.3

30.0

41.8

35672

62_B I’m going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. Having experts, not government, make decisions according to what they think is best for the country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very good 14.3 14.2 15.7 13.7 11.9 12.5 10.5 3.8 9.2 15.7 4.3 12.9 7.4 7.2 10.2 6.7 7.9 8.5 9.4 12.1 11.6 26.6 14.3 37.1 36.6 39.4 29.7 26.4 31.4 20.3 9.8 9.9 15.5

fairly fairly bad very bad good 36.7 26.0 22.9 32.8 27.9 25.1 40.3 21.3 22.7 46.9 29.4 10.0 39.1 32.2 16.8 42.6 29.7 15.2 36.9 43.8 8.8 13.2 21.3 61.6 24.3 30.8 35.7 41.8 26.6 15.8 33.7 47.1 14.9 33.3 30.2 23.6 22.2 35.8 34.6 34.2 38.1 20.5 48.2 30.3 11.2 35.4 40.0 17.9 30.3 31.4 30.4 29.4 24.8 37.2 47.3 31.3 12.0 48.5 31.7 7.7 45.4 33.8 9.2 61.2 9.8 2.4 48.9 27.0 9.8 48.4 12.2 2.2 48.6 10.1 4.7 45.3 11.7 3.5 52.7 13.5 4.1 55.0 14.0 4.6 55.4 11.4 1.7 58.8 16.0 4.9 40.5 35.6 14.2 41.8 37.4 10.9 41.1

27.0

16.4

N 1450 866 1804 1279 1808 889 764 1097 973 1741 974 1008 933 964 970 931 917 833 821 815 740 958 1771 1252 895 999 728 943 920 801 818 1736 34398

207

62_C I’m going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. Having the army rule the country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

208

very good 1.3 1.3 .2 .3 .8 1.7 .6 5.2 1.7 .9 .2 2.5 .3 .4 1.2 .2 .9 .2 .6 .3 .5 1.7 .3 .7 .8 10.6 4.1 1.0 .6 5.2 3.4 3.3 1.6

fairly fairly bad very bad good 2.8 13.9 82.1 5.7 14.4 78.5 1.4 13.3 85.1 1.5 12.3 85.9 3.6 22.3 73.3 6.1 29.1 63.2 8.7 46.2 44.4 6.7 9.7 78.4 2.3 14.5 81.4 3.4 14.0 81.6 .8 16.1 82.9 4.3 21.5 71.7 .5 7.0 92.2 6.3 30.3 62.9 4.7 24.0 70.0 .3 8.2 91.3 3.7 15.2 80.1 1.7 16.4 81.7 2.7 25.9 70.8 5.1 18.3 76.2 3.4 40.0 56.1 15.4 42.1 40.9 1.9 17.1 80.8 6.7 40.6 52.0 2.4 23.3 73.6 17.3 29.4 42.6 8.0 36.0 51.8 3.6 18.5 76.9 3.5 32.1 63.7 14.6 42.0 38.3 9.7 38.9 48.1 15.9 47.8 33.0 5.4

23.8

69.2

N 1563 908 1956 1357 1921 1015 824 1118 980 1832 999 1061 997 978 994 957 950 891 931 921 813 969 1831 1226 915 931 747 969 968 851 950 2089 36413

62_D I’m going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. Having a democratic political system

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

very good 53.2 47.3 56.8 64.5 57.3 50.2 41.8 77.7 59.5 53.4 48.8 52.6 75.9 71.4 40.4 70.0 49.4 49.4 16.0 17.5 25.7 23.3 44.9 32.2 35.7 39.2 45.2 41.5 54.9 34.8 21.7 8.0 46.3

fairly fairly bad very bad good 36.3 6.5 4.1 40.4 7.7 4.6 38.1 4.1 1.0 31.7 3.0 .8 39.3 2.5 .9 44.2 4.3 1.4 48.7 8.6 .9 18.1 2.9 1.3 34.1 4.0 2.4 37.3 6.6 2.7 47.5 3.0 .6 39.3 6.0 2.1 22.1 1.4 .6 25.9 2.6 .0 47.0 10.9 1.7 27.9 1.7 .4 41.4 5.3 3.9 42.6 5.6 2.4 70.7 11.2 2.1 70.7 9.2 2.5 60.4 11.2 2.7 60.5 13.1 3.2 47.7 6.0 1.5 52.0 10.9 5.0 51.4 9.7 3.2 49.5 7.4 3.9 41.2 10.4 3.2 48.0 7.9 2.6 43.1 1.8 .2 53.6 9.7 1.8 62.8 11.0 4.5 55.0 28.8 8.2 43.8

7.5

2.4

N 1480 847 1948 1348 1910 1026 895 1131 965 1785 991 1043 982 991 982 954 958 870 812 868 747 950 1831 1184 899 965 778 931 962 761 911 1884 35589

209

63_A I’m going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each of them? Democracy may have problems but it’s better than any other form of government

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

210

agree agree agree nor disagree strongly disagree 61.7 31.8 5.2 1.3 47.3 30.6 5.3 16.8 61.2 35.5 2.8 .5 60.4 36.8 2.4 .4 43.7 50.6 4.8 .9 41.7 52.1 5.1 1.2 40.5 52.3 6.3 .9 61.9 34.1 3.8 .3 46.7 47.2 5.8 .3 58.2 33.9 6.2 1.7 47.9 48.2 3.5 .3 63.9 31.7 2.9 1.4 71.8 26.8 1.1 .3 50.5 43.7 5.1 .7 36.8 53.9 8.8 .5 52.8 44.7 2.3 .2 37.7 54.4 6.6 1.3 45.6 47.8 5.5 1.1 19.9 70.6 8.8 .7 22.3 66.6 10.2 .9 23.4 64.7 9.4 2.5 24.0 65.7 9.1 1.2 39.9 52.7 6.8 .6 31.9 52.4 12.7 3.0 26.3 54.9 15.6 3.1 33.9 44.3 14.9 6.9 43.3 40.3 12.8 3.6 25.4 64.8 8.7 1.2 43.5 52.1 4.3 .1 33.5 53.2 11.3 2.0 23.7 58.7 15.5 2.1 12.0 51.1 31.3 5.6 42.8

47.2

8.1

1.9

N 1501 944 1957 1355 1898 1089 919 1131 951 1802 987 1053 983 996 982 940 925 873 834 886 748 954 1825 1209 863 973 804 942 949 755 937 1893 35854

63_B I’m going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each of them? In democracy, the economic system runs badly

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree agree nor disagree strongly disagree 12.0 37.9 37.0 13.1 5.0 23.7 39.4 31.8 1.8 10.1 53.4 34.7 1.0 11.7 59.2 28.1 4.1 29.0 59.6 7.3 4.7 22.8 63.4 9.1 5.5 33.9 54.1 6.5 9.0 47.2 41.7 2.0 1.5 10.3 75.2 12.9 7.8 26.5 44.1 21.6 .3 7.4 75.4 16.9 3.8 16.9 47.4 31.9 1.6 13.5 62.0 22.9 1.0 9.1 69.2 20.8 2.0 18.1 70.1 9.8 1.5 10.9 67.1 20.6 1.2 18.6 70.3 9.9 1.3 19.7 64.1 15.0 3.5 27.8 63.8 4.9 4.1 43.8 49.3 2.8 8.2 31.6 53.5 6.8 8.5 38.2 47.2 6.0 3.9 32.9 57.5 5.7 11.5 36.7 41.5 10.2 8.4 31.1 47.0 13.5 17.6 38.3 31.3 12.7 10.1 29.9 46.5 13.5 8.4 38.5 46.6 6.4 4.0 22.5 58.4 15.2 5.5 26.0 54.1 14.3 6.1 30.2 57.4 6.2 10.2 44.4 41.2 4.2 5.6

26.8

53.6

13.9

N 1401 893 1826 1200 1734 942 767 1083 909 1692 954 957 887 944 914 875 846 716 751 820 662 912 1749 1135 836 981 776 903 904 704 929 2037 33637

211

63_C I’m going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each of them? Democracies are indecisive and have too much squabbling

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

212

agree strongly 26.3 10.9 4.3 4.6 8.6 4.7 9.4 6.7 1.4 21.7 4.3 10.8 6.1 5.2 5.5 1.1 3.9 2.5 6.9 9.6 14.2 22.9 6.5 15.2 17.1 27.6 10.0 16.9 3.2 8.1 12.9 21.9 11.0

agree

agree nor disagree disagree 47.4 18.8 7.5 34.0 28.9 26.3 29.5 40.5 25.7 35.7 45.1 14.6 43.9 42.7 4.8 38.7 46.7 9.9 50.8 38.2 1.6 50.8 34.8 7.7 18.1 69.2 11.2 40.1 27.5 10.7 37.1 52.8 5.7 42.0 31.6 15.5 37.1 42.2 14.6 42.6 44.6 7.6 41.9 47.1 5.6 17.4 58.9 22.5 35.8 51.1 9.2 30.5 54.5 12.5 38.6 48.0 6.5 60.5 27.8 2.1 48.3 33.0 4.5 56.7 17.6 2.9 44.7 43.9 4.9 40.0 36.7 8.1 45.3 29.8 7.8 45.1 19.6 7.7 32.4 44.4 13.1 52.1 27.6 3.3 20.1 58.8 17.9 31.8 46.3 13.8 41.4 40.1 5.6 50.3 24.9 2.9

N

40.5

34798

38.7

9.8

1458 910 1866 1249 1847 967 814 1092 910 1740 975 998 948 974 934 901 880 767 814 850 732 997 1767 1155 846 1004 747 944 897 702 947 2166

63_D I’m going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each of them? Democracies aren`t good at maintaining order

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

agree agree agree nor disagree strongly disagree 18.5 37.0 30.4 14.1 6.7 26.8 37.8 28.7 1.9 13.6 46.4 38.0 1.9 11.1 46.0 41.1 2.7 17.3 64.4 15.6 3.8 11.7 61.8 22.6 6.0 34.9 55.0 4.1 10.3 39.6 41.2 8.9 1.4 11.3 69.7 17.7 10.8 28.2 39.2 21.8 2.3 19.7 69.3 8.8 4.6 16.6 44.2 34.6 2.6 13.9 57.6 25.9 1.9 13.1 60.6 24.5 2.7 16.2 66.6 14.5 .9 9.9 61.7 27.5 2.0 20.7 65.6 11.7 2.8 22.2 60.3 14.7 3.9 26.6 61.2 8.2 4.8 38.9 50.8 5.4 8.5 41.6 44.5 5.3 21.0 47.0 28.1 4.0 7.3 47.0 41.5 4.2 12.1 30.1 40.5 17.3 9.2 30.2 46.7 13.9 16.1 35.1 30.9 17.9 9.4 25.6 48.6 16.4 9.3 36.6 44.5 9.6 2.2 12.4 63.1 22.3 9.9 31.2 43.6 15.3 9.4 40.6 43.9 6.1 16.5 49.0 31.0 3.5 7.3

27.3

48.6

16.7

N 1458 919 1855 1226 1833 1017 863 1107 946 1759 970 982 937 964 926 917 898 761 788 848 693 959 1802 1171 828 970 768 921 905 747 922 2053 34714

213

64 How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays (in our country)? Do you feel there is (read out):

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

214

a lot of some not much no respect respect respect respect 8.1 51.7 31.8 8.4 16.1 50.3 29.1 4.5 19.1 59.5 18.8 2.7 15.0 61.0 22.9 1.0 8.4 53.8 34.2 3.6 17.2 47.0 30.2 5.7 10.7 51.4 31.6 6.3 10.0 45.1 44.9 .0 13.8 61.5 22.0 2.7 12.1 50.6 30.1 7.2 33.6 45.4 18.9 2.1 30.0 60.5 8.2 1.3 45.5 42.2 11.6 .7 13.6 61.7 22.5 2.1 35.1 53.1 11.1 .8 31.2 54.9 13.5 .4 25.3 51.0 20.3 3.5 15.7 54.6 21.6 8.0 9.2 45.3 36.1 9.5 5.2 47.2 39.2 8.4 .4 22.5 44.6 32.5 11.6 45.0 31.3 12.2 8.2 56.2 28.8 6.7 12.6 46.3 30.3 10.7 7.4 49.7 32.0 10.8 3.8 19.9 56.9 19.5 4.0 30.2 45.8 20.0 1.7 39.2 52.3 6.8 7.1 49.4 34.2 9.2 3.5 33.0 46.3 17.2 1.4 21.4 46.2 31.1 .7 15.6 43.8 39.8 13.0

46.1

31.0

9.8

N 1585 952 1961 1337 1976 1154 985 1098 991 1871 999 1169 1000 998 1029 947 998 948 948 986 966 1052 1882 1239 958 1032 924 987 987 922 1146 2369 38396

64a In politics, different parties often hold different views. Which do you think is better? A A party leader should stand firm for what he or she believes, even if others disagree B A party leader should be prepared to cooperate with other groups, even if it means compromising some important beliefs

Spain Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Czech Republic Slovenia Belarus Ukraine Russia

A 26.3 34.2 32.9 17.5 14.1 10.5 44.8 35.3 33.6

B 73.7 65.8 67.1 82.5 85.9 89.5 55.2 64.7 66.4

N 988 940 918 707 1804 922 799 1000 2078

Total

27.3

72.7

10156

64b If you had to choose, which would you say is the most important responsibility of government? A To maintain order in society B To respect freedom of the individual

Spain Iceland Lithuania Czech Republic Slovenia Belarus Ukraine Russia

A 46.6 57.9 65.5 82.1 62.8 66.5 49.6 52.1

B 53.4 42.1 34.5 17.9 37.2 33.5 50.4 47.9

N 1026 872 862 1777 945 929 1086 2217

Total

60.9

39.1

9714

215

65_A Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Never Always Claiming state benefits which you are not entitled to Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.39 1.99 1.91 2.17 1.88 2.67 2.03 3.64 1.36 2.57 1.51 2.86 1.38 2.08 2.30 1.75 1.90 2.14 3.19 2.12 2.55 2.36 1.87 2.91 1.70 1.82 1.86 2.82 1.62 3.48 2.83 2.30

Std. Deviation 2.57 1.80 1.58 1.92 1.60 2.38 1.59 2.66 1.11 2.25 1.20 2.36 1.16 1.67 1.92 1.48 1.68 2.06 2.34 1.97 2.33 2.00 1.56 2.25 1.52 1.73 1.73 2.45 1.49 2.62 2.45 2.10

Total

2.28

2.06

216

N 1562 988 2015 1373 1957 1145 960 1120 1002 1876 1002 1152 1014 1001 1024 958 994 960 953 986 965 1047 1883 1302 976 1078 965 991 998 893 1123 2371 38633

65_B Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Cheating on tax if you have the chance Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.06 2.42 2.36 2.19 2.39 2.35 2.45 2.88 1.53 3.64 2.67 3.38 2.00 2.41 2.46 2.23 2.35 2.40 3.15 2.36 3.77 2.23 2.07 2.15 2.12 2.79 2.01 2.34 2.74 4.22 3.45 3.09

Std. Deviation 2.65 2.13 2.06 1.98 2.18 1.99 2.16 2.31 1.43 2.86 2.18 2.77 1.80 2.01 2.26 1.95 2.11 2.19 2.49 2.27 3.06 2.14 1.77 1.96 2.04 2.76 1.92 2.23 2.62 2.86 2.78 2.62

Total

2.63

2.38

N 1576 986 2010 1377 1967 1163 963 1120 1002 1888 1001 1168 1017 1008 1026 961 994 950 974 989 968 1066 1885 1303 975 1080 948 999 994 913 1119 2382 38771

217

65_C Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Taking and driving away a car belonging to someone else (joyriding) Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

1.38 1.21 1.24 1.16 1.46 1.64 1.62 1.39 1.11 1.20 1.34 1.63 1.06 1.29 1.31 1.66 1.11 1.17 1.44 1.17 1.11 1.20 1.94 2.90 1.14 1.15 1.27 1.68 1.22 1.87 1.40 1.35

Std. Deviation 1.24 .82 .90 .73 1.20 1.32 1.62 1.34 .51 .90 .91 1.57 .51 .99 .85 1.42 .69 .80 1.26 .75 .58 .89 1.79 2.41 .64 .72 1.06 1.75 .99 1.70 1.18 1.12

Total

1.41

1.25

218

N 1595 992 2029 1385 1975 1173 994 1117 1002 1902 1002 1194 1016 1010 1035 960 997 988 997 1008 1014 1089 1891 1308 980 1127 978 1001 996 975 1192 2486 39409

65_D Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Taking the drug marijuana or hashish Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.15 3.10 1.91 1.80 2.03 2.16 2.02 2.04 1.10 1.72 3.06 2.20 2.59 1.77 1.65 1.89 1.99 2.30 1.53 1.19 1.31 1.48 1.65 2.50 1.26 1.13 1.47 2.30 1.49 1.64 1.32 1.29

Std. Deviation 2.14 2.72 1.71 1.86 2.05 2.11 1.96 2.21 .67 1.81 2.50 2.20 2.55 1.63 1.65 1.79 1.94 2.41 1.42 .86 1.02 1.47 1.58 2.17 1.01 .70 1.33 2.44 1.49 1.56 1.12 1.00

Total

1.83

1.85

N 1585 979 2017 1386 1966 1173 976 1117 1002 1891 1002 1186 996 1006 1033 957 995 979 990 1009 994 1083 1894 1282 976 1113 937 995 998 974 1182 2440 39112

219

65_E Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Lying in your own interest Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.71 3.01 3.32 3.12 2.41 2.93 2.45 2.58 1.62 3.62 3.14 3.15 1.98 2.56 2.71 1.75 2.32 2.50 3.00 2.16 3.38 2.10 2.85 3.22 2.53 2.83 1.63 2.54 2.54 4.33 3.17 3.49

Std. Deviation 2.64 2.26 2.22 2.36 1.87 2.13 2.24 2.31 1.37 2.42 2.00 2.47 1.57 1.86 2.05 1.42 1.86 2.12 2.13 1.83 2.45 1.81 2.03 2.39 2.00 2.50 1.59 2.29 2.25 2.63 2.54 2.44

Total

2.85

2.26

220

N 1587 981 2011 1373 1963 1162 989 1116 1002 1895 1003 1183 1010 1007 1026 961 991 974 980 1004 992 1086 1883 1306 973 1120 976 1000 994 957 1172 2429 39106

65_F Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Married men/women having a affair Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.52 2.31 2.85 2.44 2.75 2.48 2.47 2.12 1.11 2.72 2.69 2.48 2.10 2.38 2.36 1.47 1.84 1.79 3.33 3.04 2.34 1.94 2.81 3.19 2.10 1.98 3.37 3.47 2.45 3.30 2.49 2.65

Std. Deviation 2.55 1.90 2.21 1.99 2.27 2.15 2.26 2.01 .55 2.27 2.07 2.23 2.03 1.93 2.07 1.15 1.63 1.67 2.42 2.50 2.08 1.72 2.08 2.46 1.94 1.98 2.58 2.86 2.21 2.53 2.17 2.14

Total

2.56

2.21

N 1541 983 1989 1351 1939 1141 980 1114 1002 1872 1000 1163 989 1001 1015 960 985 972 939 970 981 1064 1878 1286 956 1099 939 988 988 968 1160 2415 38628

221

65_G Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Someone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.08 1.77 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.68 1.77 1.66 1.10 2.00 1.58 1.79 1.15 1.83 1.43 1.27 1.42 1.59 1.91 1.68 2.08 1.53 2.27 2.94 2.67 1.52 1.69 1.78 1.71 3.09 2.05 1.84

Std. Deviation 1.99 1.46 1.51 1.26 1.30 1.38 1.72 1.60 .55 1.89 1.24 1.63 .68 1.68 1.17 .92 1.20 1.42 1.74 1.52 2.00 1.27 1.89 2.35 2.37 1.40 1.68 1.74 1.68 2.34 1.86 1.70

Total

1.82

1.69

222

N 1579 981 1994 1384 1975 1164 983 1116 1002 1891 1002 1169 1015 1012 1034 960 992 976 976 1002 989 1083 1887 1305 964 1091 961 998 994 955 1169 2460 39063

65_H Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Homosexuality Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.27 4.89 5.69 5.36 4.83 5.51 3.19 3.39 2.55 5.22 7.80 5.90 6.59 7.65 4.94 7.19 4.40 4.03 2.98 1.90 1.88 2.90 5.47 4.91 1.45 1.91 2.60 4.62 2.72 2.91 2.35 2.20

Std. Deviation 3.16 3.12 3.27 3.52 3.25 3.33 2.56 2.91 2.36 3.37 2.85 3.33 3.60 3.07 3.43 3.17 3.25 3.24 2.81 2.00 1.98 2.88 3.56 3.22 1.53 2.14 2.48 3.68 2.78 2.89 2.46 2.23

Total

4.30

3.44

N 1504 974 1937 1350 1909 1113 933 1090 1002 1858 999 1146 964 977 991 908 932 908 876 949 924 1027 1827 1181 939 1052 881 968 983 899 1103 2181 37282

223

65_I

Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Abortion Mean

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.64 4.54 4.61 4.67 4.04 4.34 3.81 4.18 1.31 4.45 5.40 5.20 6.84 7.38 5.42 5.33 2.90 3.08 4.53 3.77 3.87 3.62 5.51 4.49 3.92 3.91 4.94 6.19 3.96 5.18 3.83 4.78

Std. Deviation 2.82 2.87 3.13 3.08 2.75 3.13 2.81 2.98 1.08 2.95 2.92 2.96 3.24 2.72 2.84 2.71 2.49 2.59 2.68 2.74 2.68 2.96 2.87 2.98 2.77 3.04 2.89 3.35 3.01 2.86 2.63 2.54

Total

4.58

3.03

224

N 1538 974 1954 1354 1935 1133 946 1113 1002 1877 997 1176 991 992 1006 950 981 922 894 964 937 1039 1860 1243 942 1095 931 982 985 956 1110 2311 38089

65_J Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Divorce Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

6.32 5.57 5.86 5.88 5.14 6.10 5.46 5.42 2.56 5.64 6.54 6.12 7.32 7.80 6.64 6.55 4.80 4.78 5.38 4.51 4.65 4.62 5.90 5.33 4.50 4.32 5.01 6.58 4.64 6.10 4.47 5.19

Std. Deviation 2.59 2.68 3.03 3.02 2.80 3.03 2.95 2.79 2.30 2.76 2.60 2.78 2.93 2.42 2.42 2.40 2.92 2.98 2.61 2.78 2.59 2.95 2.58 2.83 2.85 3.04 2.80 3.11 2.97 2.69 2.62 2.38

Total

5.51

2.91

N 1562 980 1963 1354 1946 1145 979 1115 1002 1875 999 1177 994 1003 1015 952 969 948 925 968 968 1051 1858 1267 957 1112 952 987 990 975 1124 2396 38509

225

65_K Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Euthanasia (terminating the life of the incurable sick) Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

6.16 4.99 4.34 4.37 3.86 4.73 3.50 3.49 2.18 5.83 6.65 5.63 6.61 6.07 5.40 5.33 3.31 3.93 5.16 5.24 5.38 3.37 5.50 4.96 3.83 3.29 3.75 5.37 4.07 5.38 5.20 5.60

Std. Deviation 2.88 2.97 3.03 3.16 3.00 3.18 2.78 2.90 2.24 2.85 2.65 3.22 3.11 2.84 3.10 2.94 2.83 3.08 3.24 3.53 3.36 3.03 3.14 3.20 3.23 3.20 3.10 3.50 3.20 3.14 3.53 3.43

Total

4.82

3.26

226

N 1528 966 1888 1316 1898 1094 883 1110 1002 1873 996 1145 949 975 984 927 936 910 860 892 867 1001 1802 1200 916 918 838 950 977 904 1033 2179 36718

65_L Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Suicide Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.34 3.16 2.61 3.24 2.28 2.77 2.20 2.26 1.18 3.27 4.34 3.74 3.07 4.12 3.04 2.08 2.07 2.09 2.27 1.75 1.68 2.43 2.90 3.53 1.56 1.40 2.02 3.54 1.64 2.73 1.91 2.12

Std. Deviation 2.79 2.43 2.36 2.82 2.14 2.70 2.03 2.36 .83 2.70 2.93 2.88 2.83 2.96 2.52 1.86 1.94 2.03 2.10 1.73 1.53 2.41 2.54 2.76 1.47 1.36 2.06 3.06 1.72 2.36 1.96 2.05

Total

2.63

2.47

N 1495 960 1910 1313 1928 1111 926 1111 1002 1862 977 1136 938 937 990 930 941 905 917 979 968 1035 1855 1210 958 1105 907 959 994 951 1134 2360 37704

227

65_M Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Throwing away litter in a public place Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

1.62 2.61 2.22 2.12 1.58 1.86 1.83 1.88 1.09 1.48 1.70 1.77 1.43 2.72 2.27 2.07 1.81 2.70 1.99 1.33 1.99 1.79 1.78 3.02 1.72 1.31 1.82 1.94 1.24 2.69 1.95 1.54

Std. Deviation 1.44 2.07 1.68 1.77 1.25 1.48 1.57 1.80 .49 1.22 1.24 1.61 1.11 2.16 1.79 1.76 1.60 2.34 1.64 .98 1.64 1.56 1.56 2.41 1.33 .98 1.92 1.93 .86 2.15 1.70 1.20

Total

1.88

1.66

228

N 1601 984 2025 1381 1984 1184 986 1118 1002 1903 1003 1187 1016 1010 1031 962 997 981 991 1013 996 1081 1892 1303 978 1135 986 1002 997 987 1187 2483 39385

65_N Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Driving under the influence of alcohol Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

1.88 1.51 1.45 1.50 1.43 1.52 1.83 1.49 1.11 1.64 1.44 2.25 1.15 1.35 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.32 1.59 1.42 1.52 1.20 1.50 2.13 1.16 1.28 1.48 2.04 1.52 2.19 1.60 1.49

Std. Deviation 1.58 1.44 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.14 1.65 1.21 .62 1.36 1.03 1.88 .78 1.07 .98 .99 1.14 1.07 1.36 1.01 1.19 .76 1.10 1.75 .58 1.00 1.31 1.94 1.29 1.85 1.34 1.18

Total

1.54

1.29

N 1597 988 2024 1388 1984 1187 990 1118 1002 1903 1003 1190 1018 1010 1034 962 997 990 999 1010 1003 1089 1896 1310 978 1131 975 1003 996 985 1190 2487 39435

229

65_O Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Paying cash for services to avoid taxes Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

4.18 3.53 2.89 3.24 2.50 3.35 2.25 3.46 2.06 4.29 4.20 4.03 4.31 3.78 3.48 2.70 2.89 3.11 3.25 3.07 4.35 2.84 2.42 3.68 2.62 2.81 1.74 3.28 2.95 3.96 3.54 3.25

Std. Deviation 2.92 2.55 2.26 2.57 2.16 2.63 1.96 3.19 2.20 2.95 2.37 2.82 2.73 2.50 2.50 2.11 2.36 2.73 2.55 2.57 3.02 2.28 1.85 2.47 2.32 2.53 1.70 2.72 2.68 2.69 2.85 2.61

Total

3.25

2.61

230

N 1564 971 1960 1361 1961 1109 957 1102 1002 1850 991 1155 1008 1006 1025 957 982 931 911 985 871 972 1863 1278 944 1012 919 993 991 853 1028 2218 37731

65_P Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Having casual sex Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.91 3.44 3.15 3.05 3.07 3.92 2.76 3.60 1.13 2.86 3.70 3.50 3.69 4.80 3.75 4.97 2.71 3.18 3.09 2.36 2.41 2.35 2.91 3.24 2.74 2.00 2.77 4.08 2.76 3.89 2.77 2.84

Std. Deviation 2.86 2.61 2.50 2.63 2.58 2.89 2.38 2.80 .68 2.49 2.99 2.90 3.27 3.28 2.89 2.90 2.41 2.84 2.45 2.08 2.12 2.24 2.29 2.54 2.58 2.09 2.43 3.15 2.68 2.70 2.33 2.25

Total

3.15

2.67

N 1535 980 1951 1348 1946 1127 956 1107 1002 1865 994 1142 983 988 1009 939 968 926 933 960 947 1031 1863 1273 949 1092 929 986 986 948 1122 2338 38125

231

65_Q Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Smoking in public buildings Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.38 4.02 4.05 4.56 3.46 3.74 3.34 4.00 1.25 2.92 3.81 5.11 4.71 3.18 3.10 3.14 3.33 3.93 3.60 2.64 4.10 3.33 3.47 3.53 2.85 2.84 3.56 3.57 3.29 4.44 3.15 3.07

Std. Deviation 2.63 2.78 2.79 3.03 2.65 2.56 2.37 3.11 .93 2.43 2.60 3.24 3.14 2.47 2.41 2.58 2.57 2.90 2.60 2.24 2.84 2.60 2.57 2.64 2.44 2.66 2.65 3.01 2.94 2.82 2.38 2.38

Total

3.51

2.73

232

N 1585 980 1972 1343 1964 1167 974 1116 1002 1892 1003 1172 992 1011 1029 956 985 952 968 994 963 1048 1879 1299 955 1084 914 991 993 971 1150 2433 38738

65_R Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Speeding over the limit in built-up places Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.84 2.30 1.99 1.91 2.61 1.93 2.38 2.19 1.13 2.39 1.80 2.89 2.17 2.72 2.82 2.99 1.85 2.02 2.19 1.95 2.27 2.41 2.26 3.40 1.98 2.09 1.94 2.93 1.65 4.10 2.29 2.08

Std. Deviation 2.21 1.97 1.48 1.50 2.06 1.50 1.87 2.16 .63 2.07 1.32 2.26 1.83 2.00 2.08 2.15 1.61 1.60 1.82 1.73 1.82 2.19 1.79 2.45 1.83 2.07 1.82 2.56 1.50 2.61 1.98 1.74

Total

2.33

1.98

N 1597 988 2021 1379 1971 1177 984 1118 1002 1896 1003 1190 1011 1008 1034 962 997 980 987 1002 994 1081 1885 1299 970 1119 949 1003 999 978 1170 2463 39219

233

65_S Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Avoiding a fare on public transport Mean France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Finland Lithuania Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.71 2.68 2.13 2.30 2.17 2.89 2.39 2.72 2.62 1.77 2.36 3.19 3.06 3.28 4.56 3.99 3.63

Std. Deviation 2.41 2.15 1.69 1.94 1.94 2.49 2.20 2.14 2.23 1.59 2.02 2.40 2.53 2.94 2.86 2.81 2.56

Total

2.82

2.39

234

N 1595 973 2020 1386 1979 1118 1900 1003 1185 1015 1032 986 1879 990 968 1147 2427 23603

65_T Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Sex under the legal age of consent Mean Great Britain Germany Austria Greece Luxembourg Finland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Czech Republic Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

1.96 2.64 2.40 4.57 1.37 3.31 1.45 1.73 1.87 1.56 5.78 2.31 2.07 2.74 2.66

Std. Deviation 1.76 2.58 2.41 3.38 1.33 2.75 1.33 1.71 1.82 1.35 3.38 2.43 2.00 2.45 2.34

Total

2.53

2.52

N 979 1975 1357 1104 1189 1013 985 966 981 1874 980 985 970 1106 2361 18826

235

65_U Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Prostitution Mean Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Greece Luxembourg Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania Czech Republic Romania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

3.42 4.19 4.06 2.40 3.25 2.37 3.39 3.20 2.83 2.54 2.10 2.35 2.83 2.18 3.31 1.68 2.97 2.05 2.30

Std. Deviation 2.63 3.09 3.13 2.06 2.55 2.21 2.87 2.74 2.38 2.18 2.06 2.31 2.23 2.40 2.95 1.81 2.58 1.91 2.07

Total

2.84

2.55

236

N 975 1944 1347 1945 1121 1117 1170 1015 951 963 959 989 1868 1083 982 992 968 1162 2410 23961

65_V Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Political assassinations Mean Great Britain Germany Austria Greece Luxembourg Finland Lithuania Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

1.99 1.49 1.42 1.93 1.89 1.44 1.27 1.45 1.69 2.28 1.44 1.66

Std. Deviation 1.91 1.49 1.37 2.01 1.92 1.24 .98 1.24 1.83 2.15 1.31 1.57

Total

1.63

1.61

N 980 1994 1367 1107 1160 1019 978 1867 992 927 1160 2387 15939

237

65_W Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Scientific experiments on human embryos Mean Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Lithuania* Slovenia Croatia Belarus

2.35 1.52 1.54 1.95 1.74 1.38 2.07 2.50 1.77 2.47 2.18 1.92 2.00 6.13 1.86 1.49 2.12

Std. Deviation 2.14 1.36 1.44 1.86 1.54 1.24 1.98 2.16 1.75 2.26 2.05 1.79 1.95 3.25 1.90 1.53 1.97

Total

2.08

2.09

* Statement: Make woman pregnant artificially

238

N 953 1983 1365 1926 1111 1115 1871 984 1163 996 937 940 894 845 971 989 880 19924

65_X Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. Genetic manipulation of food stuffs Mean Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Finland Iceland Northern Ireland Lithuania Slovenia Croatia Belarus

2.30 2.21 1.86 2.31 2.05 2.32 2.42 3.07 2.07 2.60 2.90 2.11 3.34 2.83 1.87 3.81

Std. Deviation 1.97 1.89 1.75 2.12 1.81 2.22 2.18 2.34 1.88 2.08 2.33 1.98 2.56 2.73 2.03 2.89

Total

2.42

2.20

N 940 1964 1366 1908 1109 1105 1848 973 1156 947 900 846 561 967 984 820 18394

239

66_A According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Claiming state benefits to which they are not entitled Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total  Luxembourg

240

Many

Some

6 2.2 2.1 4.0 15.6 2.9 8.6 13.1 2.8 3.7 .8

31.7 59.5 47.0 55.4 60.1 17.5 48.8 44.4 76.6 29.6 5.2

55.7 37.3 50.0 39.6 23.6 59.3 34.7 37.0 19.8 58.7 86.0

Almost none 6.7 0.9 0.8 1 0.8 20.3 8 5.5 0.8 8 8

.2 1.1 2.0 .4 3.7 8.2 2.5 1.0 1.7 4.8 2.3 4.6 70.5 13.6 3.5 4.7 2.1 1.8 2.5

30.5 31.8 35.7 44.0 49.5 51.7 37.6 26.4 28.3 58.6 41.8 54.6 25.2 72.1 44.6 43.5 28.7 45.5 38.1

56.0 53.1 57.9 44.1 44.8 38.5 44.3 36.1 55.4 35.2 52.7 34.9 3.5 13.4 44.9 45.4 41.9 46.3 50.4

13.4 14 4.4 11.5 2.1 1.5 15.6 36.5 14.6 1.4 3.3 6 0.8 0.8 7 6.4 27.4 6.4 8.9

972 987 1013 905 973 921 845 828 879 1025 1842 1155 861 1034 876 912 774 1066 2118

6.1

42.7

44

7.2

34592

Almost Most A certain Some Almost all number none 2.1 15.4 48.0 24.4 10.1

N 1544 953 2001 1370 1953 985 935 1113 979 1781 991

N 1027

66_B According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Cheating on tax if they have the chance Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

7.7 7.0 12.0 7.4 21.9 7.4 14.5 29.3 7.9 18.2 9.6

32.0 57.0 52.5 55.2 62.0 25.0 56.6 57.5 82.5 47.5 37.4

54.1 35.8 32.2 36.0 15.2 53.2 25.4 12.8 9.1 30.3 50.4

Almost none 6.2 .3 3.3 1.4 .9 14.4 3.5 .4 .6 4.0 2.6

7.0 7.5 6.5 8.7 12.5 10.4 9.5 6.8 7.9 9.9 12.6 12.2 78.4 12.3 8.3 9.8 14.6 9.4 12.0

42.6 44.8 45.3 71.5 50.9 47.2 54.1 45.2 49.2 59.3 53.3 54.8 19.0 67.8 51.7 48.5 47.8 58.5 56.2

46.2 45.2 45.5 15.4 35.3 41.0 28.7 28.4 36.0 30.4 33.4 28.6 2.1 19.0 35.8 38.9 26.9 30.6 30.4

4.2 2.6 2.7 4.4 1.3 1.3 7.8 19.6 6.9 .4 .7 4.5 .6 .9 4.2 2.7 10.7 1.6 1.4

991 1001 1023 931 985 890 896 878 909 1032 1862 1182 828 1010 839 925 824 1090 2315

Total

13.2

51.5

31.7

3.5

35143

Almost none 8.4

N

 Luxembourg

Many

Some

Almost Most A certain all number 8.4 28.1 38.9

Some 16.1

N 1556 948 1983 1362 1970 1015 944 1125 992 1843 994

1063

241

66_C According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Paying cash for services to avoid taxes Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.8 6.9 10.5 17.7 16.1 7.2 12.9 13.1 4.9 12.5 9.6

33.1 59.3 47.4 61.8 57.7 26.7 54.6 48.0 74.8 45.2 34.2

53.0 33.1 37.5 20.0 25.5 51.2 28.5 33.1 19.2 36.8 53.4

Almost none 8.0 .6 4.6 .4 .7 15.0 3.9 5.8 1.0 5.5 2.7

15.6 6.3 8.2 8.9 11.5 8.5 6.7 5.1 6.3 3.7 6.1 8.0 76.2 12.0 4.9 6.2 8.7 7.5 9.4

60.6 50.0 56.2 71.8 48.1 41.5 49.2 47.9 46.5 47.4 46.7 57.5 20.3 67.5 38.0 41.3 44.8 52.7 53.1

22.8 41.3 33.5 15.8 37.4 46.3 34.5 30.2 40.5 46.7 45.9 32.2 2.5 19.5 49.9 46.1 28.3 36.9 35.9

1 2.4 2.1 3.5 2.9 3.8 9.6 16.8 6.6 2.2 1.3 2.3 1.0 1.0 7.2 6.4 18.3 2.8 1.6

1004 1004 1018 932 970 850 825 862 851 897 1830 1219 828 931 569 907 728 988 2120

Total

11.1

49.9

34.8

4.2

33795

Almost none 6.7

N

 Luxembourg

242

Many

Some

Almost Most A certain all number 6.1 27.1 41.0

Some 19.1

N 1525 936 1971 1375 1947 975 919 1074 990 1762 986

1048

66_D According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Taking the drug marijuana or hashish Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total  Luxembourg

Many

Some

1.5 3.0 1.0 .4 3.9 1.4 3.4 2.6 1.1 .3 .5

29.4 60.3 20.9 29.4 39.9 8.8 47.0 36.3 73.6 18.9 8.0

61 35.9 71.7 67.1 52.3 65.0 40.9 53.9 25.1 68.6 85.3

Almost none 8.1 0.8 6.4 3.1 3.9 24.8 8.6 7.2 0.2 12.2 6.2

.3 .2 .4 .4 2.5 7.7 .7 .4 .4 .6 .7 35.2 1.7 1.9 2.1 .4 .3 1.3

26.2 11.4 27.6 40.0 46.5 40.6 28.7 17.5 13.8 36.1 18.8 22.5 44.1 36.9 24.7 28.0 20.8 35.3 38.5

60.5 59.9 66.1 46.2 49.0 48.2 49.6 23.9 68.2 59.2 76.2 55.0 19.7 59.5 62.1 50.9 43.6 60.1 56.9

13 28.5 5.9 13.3 2.1 3.4 20.9 58.2 18.0 4.4 4.4 21.8 .9 1.9 11.2 19 35.2 4.3 3.4

921 919 1016 894 965 870 828 744 834 1026 1806 938 861 864 784 807 841 1002 2124

2.3

30.7

56.8

10.2

33618

Almost none 17.3

N

Almost Most A certain all number 2.0 7.4 43.4

Some 29.9

N 1569 951 1992 1340 1917 1012 906 1089 987 1810 1001

1080

243

66_E According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Throwing away litter in a public area Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

5.6 17.2 11.7 9.4 15.1 3.4 11.0 22.6 3.0 4.4 4.1

40.1 58.5 45.1 48.4 53.0 19.3 51.4 49.9 71.2 30.8 25.8

45.8 23.6 40.3 40.0 29.7 51.6 29.1 24.4 25.4 55.4 62.8

Almost none 8.5 .6 2.9 2.2 2.1 25.8 8.5 3.1 0.4 9.5 7.3

4.4 15.9 23.4 14.4 16.4 28.8 11.9 3.6 8.1 18.3 11.4 9.4 75.3 35.6 11.3 9.2 22.8 11.9 18.0

40.0 41.8 52.1 53.7 54.9 49.0 51.5 36.6 46.5 62.4 43.6 44.1 19.5 54.7 40.3 43.0 50.1 53.3 57.0

44.5 36.2 22.4 27.0 27.5 21.0 29.7 33.3 39.1 17.9 44.0 40.2 4.6 9.2 43.2 41.2 18.5 33.7 24.3

11.2 6.0 2.1 4.9 1.2 1.1 6.9 26.6 6.3 1.4 1.1 6.3 .6 .6 5.2 6.6 8.7 1.1 0.7

986 1009 1024 947 996 964 942 899 951 1077 1876 1238 804 1088 938 954 953 1145 2444

Total

14.4

46.5

33.8

5.2

36116

Almost none 15.4

N

 Luxembourg

244

Many

Some

Almost Most A certain all number 3.5 15.4 36.7

Some 29.1

N 1580 965 2013 1366 1962 1043 978 1104 997 1873 997

1105

66_F According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Speeding over the limit in built-up areas Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

11 16.1 14.2 6.4 19.6 3.6 21.1 18.2 1.9 9.8 3.4

53.1 60.7 59.5 59.2 51.3 18.7 49.2 45.2 67.6 50.7 32.3

33.7 22.8 25.3 33.7 27.9 54.1 26.9 34.8 30.1 36.8 59.1

Almost none 2.3 0.4 1 0.7 1.2 23.7 2.8 1.8 0.4 2.7 5.2

9.4 9.6 17.0 18.6 12.7 17.5 6.2 3.1 3.5 .8 9.7 10.8 68.9 18.2 5.5 7.5 14.1 4.5 7.2

60.4 52.0 58.4 65.3 53.1 52.4 53.3 48.8 41.9 48.2 49.7 49.1 26.3 66.8 39.7 49.1 55.8 52.7 51.2

28.1 35.3 23.0 13.3 32.3 28.8 34.8 34.0 49.5 48.8 39.6 37.6 4.1 14.6 51.9 40.8 23.6 41.8 40.7

2.1 3.1 1.6 2.9 1.9 1.2 5.7 14.0 5.1 2.2 1.0 2.6 .7 .4 2.9 2.7 6.5 .9 0.9

1002 1010 1024 947 993 961 942 893 953 999 1879 1242 874 1064 917 978 918 1128 2383

Total

12.0

51.2

33.9

3

36011

 Luxembourg

Many

Some

Almost Most A certain all number 11.6 36.6 35.5

Some 13.3

Almost none 2.9

N 1589 969 2023 1371 1957 1040 970 1107 998 1877 1001

N 1138

245

66_G According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Driving under the influence of alcohol Almost all France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total  Luxembourg

246

Many

Some

4.1 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.5 2.0 6.7 5.8 1.1 2.1 1.0

45.9 41.1 33.2 51.0 26.3 12.6 56.3 45.7 49.4 31.3 10.0

47.2 53.9 61.9 46.6 64.9 63.7 32.6 45.8 48.9 60.1 82.3

Almost none 2.8 3.2 2.4 .8 6.4 21.7 4.4 2.8 0.6 6.5 6.7

.5 .4 .8 .5 4.7 6.1 2.1 1.0 .5 1.9 1.2 1.2 40.5 8.9 3.0 4.1 2.9 1.1 2.3

20.7 12.5 25.0 43.3 41.8 36.1 47.6 35.1 27.3 63.3 23.4 35.8 46.8 61.4 29.9 46.3 39.3 39.8 40.6

66.7 67.5 70.8 47.4 49.6 52.4 41.9 42.3 66.3 33.3 71.8 56.9 12.0 29.3 62.2 47.0 42.8 57.0 54.9

12.1 19.5 3.4 8.8 3.9 5.5 8.4 21.6 5.9 1.5 3.6 6.0 .8 .4 4.9 2.6 15.0 2.1 2.1

996 989 1022 944 994 950 954 915 956 1075 1875 1213 920 1065 901 976 946 1139 2389

3.5

36.9

53.9

5.7

36102

Almost none 5.6

N

Almost Most A certain all number 4.9 24.3 49.5

Some 15.7

N 1592 959 2014 1379 1944 1049 973 1106 992 1875 1000

1126

66_H According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Having casual sex

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg* Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total  Luxembourg

Almost all 4.1 5.5 1.7 1.6 6.1 4.1 5.1 12.0 .9 1.3 .6

Many

Some

28.7 62.2 29.8 42.5 46.0 16.2 46.6 52.6 53.9 25.5 13.3

62.4 31.8 65.9 54.7 46.5 63.9 43.5 33.8 44.4 67.0 81.7

Almost none 4.8 0.4 2.7 1.1 1.4 15.8 4.8 1.6 0.8 6.2 4.4

1.6 4.5 6.5 8.3 8.8 10.6 4.8 2.3 2.4 1.1 3.0 3.0 63.5 9.8 3.3 3.6 6.5 5.2 5.9

38.9 40.5 54.3 66.0 61.3 56.1 51.0 33.9 38.4 31.5 30.8 37.1 32.1 58.0 36.3 33.2 51.8 50.2 49.2

55.3 50.7 38.4 20.5 28.7 32.5 37.9 42.1 52.3 62.3 64.6 54.0 3.6 31.5 56.8 54.5 30.1 43.3 44.4

4.2 4.2 0.8 5.3 1.2 .8 6.3 21.8 6.9 5.1 1.6 5.9 .8 .7 3.6 8.7 11.7 1.3 .5

914 968 1012 909 966 882 821 749 873 918 1820 1029 861 905 841 782 815 1008 2140

6

41.4

48.6

4

33395

Almost Most A certain all number 2.4 11.7 43.6

Some 27.5

Almost none 14.8

N 1514 944 1919 1276 1906 945 887 1117 960 1736 979

N 1016

247

66_I

According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Avoiding a fare on public transport almost all

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Belgium Luxembourg Denmark Finland Lithuania Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

248

many

some

2.9 1.5 1.8 8.0 1.7 1.4 .3 .8 2.1 2.4 12.3 10.8 6.3 4.7

37.2 21.0 33.2 40.3 13.0 5.8 25.3 23.7 32.2 32.6 36.1 46.7 47.8 45.0

52.6 73.2 62.1 47.9 70.2 32.3 60.4 64.6 58.3 61.4 41.5 31.3 42.6 46.0

almost none 7.4 4.4 2.9 3.9 15.1 38.2 14.0 10.8 7.4 3.7 10.1 11.2 3.4 4.3

3.9

31.5

54.7

8.7

N 938 1997 1323 1942 1781 1069 957 1006 885 1853 840 887 1104 2371 18953

66_J According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Lying in their own interest almost all

many

some

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Belgium Luxembourg Finland Iceland Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

13.5 19.8 19.2 14.9 15.1 8.7 22.7 4.3 13.2 10.9 13.8 14.3 20.2 18.1 15.0

50.5 53.9 52.1 52.1 45.6 26.9 46.3 46.0 42.9 60.7 44.7 46.0 53.3 53.3 48.6

34.7 25.8 27.7 31.1 36.7 38.9 29.1 41.0 40.4 27.5 40.7 37.9 21.2 27.9 36.1

almost none 1.3 .5 1.0 1.9 2.6 19.7 1.9 8.7 3.6 .8 .8 1.8 5.3 .7 .2

Total

15.2

48.5

33.2

2.8

N 948 2020 1366 1940 1852 1108 1025 915 926 1061 1867 950 929 1138 2364 20408

249

66_K According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? Accepting a bribe in the course of their duties almost all Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Belgium Luxembourg Finland Iceland Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

250

many

some

1.8 5.1 2.4 7.4 4.8 .9 2.3 .6 12.9 6.7 4.3 4.9 11.4 16.7 12.2

29.4 27.9 30.4 43.8 23.0 9.7 20.3 10.6 45.5 57.3 36.0 36.7 47.6 52.4 48.5

60.0 61.2 63.3 46.5 63.5 38.1 64.5 56.0 36.0 34.8 57.6 49.2 26.5 30.2 38.7

almost none 8.7 5.8 3.9 2.3 8.7 33.0 13.0 32.9 5.6 1.1 2.0 9.2 14.5 .7 .6

6.5

35.2

49.6

7.7

N 922 1965 1343 1935 1788 1030 1011 897 912 1041 1845 874 823 1096 2317 19799

66a_A Do you fully agree, agree, disagree, fully disagree with the following statements: Stealing food in a shop should be punished less severely if : The thief is young

Germany Austria Denmark Lithuania Slovenia Total

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree strongly disagree strongly 4.3 19.9 14.6 34.3 26.9 10.5 28.4 14.2 27.1 19.8 5.2 13.4 13.0 38.1 30.3 11.2 42.5 35.7 10.6 .0 6.0 24.4 18.2 33.7 17.7 7.1

24.9

18.0

29.6

20.4

N 1992 1367 966 951 990 6266

66a_B The thief is poor

Germany Austria Denmark Lithuania Slovenia Total

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree strongly disagree strongly 5.7 21.7 14.8 33.8 24.0 12.1 32.3 17.0 24.5 14.1 3.7 7.8 13.5 39.6 35.3 14.3 53.4 26.1 6.2 .0 9.6 34.3 19.2 25.1 11.9 8.7

28.7

17.5

27.1

18.0

N 1987 1365 969 965 986 6271

66a_C The shop is part of a supermarket chain

Germany Austria Denmark Lithuania Total

agree agree agree nor disagree disagree strongly disagree strongly 1.4 4.3 14.1 40.5 39.6 3.8 6.2 17.4 34.4 38.1 3.2 5.8 15.0 36.1 39.9 4.1 20.4 56.7 18.8 .0 2.8

7.6

21.9

34.7

33.1

N 1987 1357 967 804 5115

251

67

Which of these geographical groups would you say you belong to first of all?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

252

locality region country Europe or town of as a country whole 43.7 12.1 28.5 4.3 48.9 13.7 28.4 1.9 55.2 29.6 10.1 2.9 35.0 33.9 24.0 4.2 53.4 10.6 23.3 4.2 45.6 16.5 26.8 1.7 36.3 16.0 41.6 1.6 44.8 12.0 33.2 1.2 32.1 20.3 27.9 9.3 39.1 7.7 41.2 4.8 43.1 11.0 24.4 13.4 55.0 21.9 19.8 1.4 58.7 9.5 22.4 4.2 48.9 12.3 31.2 3.2 38.3 6.3 50.6 .7 56.6 15.8 24.0 2.2 63.1 11.2 21.4 2.0 61.4 12.2 21.4 1.4 40.6 13.5 38.8 2.2 51.4 4.8 37.2 2.8 62.7 15.0 19.1 2.3 42.9 13.7 35.5 2.7 54.0 10.5 26.7 4.6 67.3 6.3 20.1 2.0 45.2 19.5 30.4 1.6 47.0 4.7 41.0 3.8 52.8 8.7 32.1 2.4 57.7 7.4 23.1 3.5 66.0 1.2 24.8 1.4 49.5 7.7 26.1 1.8 50.6 7.9 25.2 .4 49.3

13.3

27.7

3.2

world as a whole 11.4 7.2 2.2 2.9 8.5 9.4 4.5 8.8 10.4 7.2 8.0 1.8 5.3 4.4 4.0 1.4 2.3 3.6 4.8 3.8 .9 5.3 4.2 4.3 3.3 3.5 3.9 8.3 6.5 14.9 15.8 6.5

N

1590 964 1985 1395 1972 1185 987 1124 1871 1003 1170 1003 1011 1030 952 994 990 992 997 996 1088 1887 1301 968 1102 964 984 989 980 1191 2474 38138

68

And the next? locality or town

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

20.0 18.8 22.3 16.5 12.6 25.3 23.1 14.9 18.9 26.3 16.6 14.9 16.2 25.3 36.3 13.5 20.5 16.2 28.0 21.8 16.6 27.1 21.5 16.2 21.9 26.0 22.3 18.6 18.0 17.9 21.6

Total

20.4

region country Europe world of as a as a country whole whole 38.4 24.0 13.1 4.6 44.1 24.8 7.8 4.5 52.6 18.1 5.4 1.5 35.1 37.6 8.1 2.7 34.4 33.4 13.5 6.2 43.9 21.0 6.6 3.2 35.8 27.6 9.5 4.1 30.3 38.8 7.9 8.2 31.4 28.1 15.8 5.8 20.4 34.5 12.9 5.8 24.1 32.8 21.1 5.5 35.2 39.2 7.6 3.1 23.7 41.5 12.1 6.5 26.9 37.6 6.9 3.3 21.3 29.4 6.5 6.5 56.7 24.4 3.7 1.7 48.4 25.8 3.4 2.0 36.8 36.3 7.2 3.6 19.5 43.2 5.8 3.6 39.1 29.5 8.1 1.5 37.8 37.4 5.6 2.6 31.0 29.5 7.7 4.8 31.2 34.3 9.8 3.2 38.8 36.4 6.1 2.5 34.7 32.9 7.5 3.0 24.4 33.2 11.4 5.0 31.3 35.0 6.4 5.0 38.9 28.8 8.9 4.8 39.9 32.6 5.8 3.6 33.9 33.2 8.0 6.9 34.8 33.4 2.0 8.1 35.0

31.6

8.5

4.5

N

1568 939 1950 1377 1949 1147 984 1094 1849 998 1104 968 995 1015 936 989 975 971 966 946 1074 1872 1285 953 1062 921 967 978 962 1167 2422 37384

253

69

And which do you belong to least of all?

locality region country Europe or town of as a country whole France 9.8 8.8 9.9 18.0 Great Britain 6.7 7.2 9.4 33.3 Germany 4.0 3.1 15.4 14.8 Austria 4.2 2.4 7.9 7.2 Italy 10.6 11.0 9.7 16.7 Spain 11.2 7.9 20.7 17.5 Portugal 14.4 20.0 18.9 22.2 Greece 9.9 8.1 10.3 41.6 Belgium 11.0 11.5 9.7 11.9 Netherlands 6.2 21.8 .6 9.0 Luxembourg 8.2 13.0 11.9 14.2 Denmark 4.0 3.8 5.4 11.7 Finland 3.6 9.9 3.2 14.1 Iceland 3.3 10.8 1.5 15.3 Ireland 9.5 4.8 18.3 18.4 Northern Ireland 5.8 7.3 18.4 20.2 Estonia 2.9 4.4 9.6 18.0 Latvia 4.6 8.2 3.2 19.2 Lithuania 11.3 12.8 27.0 21.0 Poland 4.7 3.9 2.9 11.0 Czech Republic 9.7 7.3 11.6 16.8 Slovakia 5.3 6.8 6.5 10.1 Hungary 6.3 3.1 11.1 12.9 Romania 6.5 7.6 8.9 20.2 Bulgaria 10.4 10.9 9.2 27.0 Slovenia 4.3 7.6 6.0 18.8 Croatia 7.9 6.8 21.4 16.9 Belarus 10.1 12.0 29.5 18.5 Ukraine 17.3 9.1 25.2 13.9 Russia 16.7 11.7 22.5 12.9 Total

254

8.6

8.9

12.6

16.9

world as a whole 53.6 43.4 62.6 78.3 52.0 42.6 24.5 30.2 55.7 62.4 52.6 75.1 69.2 69.1 49.0 48.4 65.1 64.8 27.9 77.5 54.6 71.2 66.6 56.8 42.4 63.3 47.0 29.9 34.6 36.1 53.1

N

1436 837 1616 1299 1738 845 918 1030 1611 972 814 780 912 855 860 850 826 840 877 974 1690 936 766 799 651 799 838 901 1082 2336 31690

70

Are you a citizen of Britain? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nation for 'Britain')

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

yes 98.7 97.3 96.1 98.6 99.9 98.6 97.6 99.6 99.7 89.2 97.5 62.7 95.9 95.8 99.5 99.7 98.9 96.2 81.5 73.9 99.1 99.8 99.5 99.5 98.4 99.6 99.9 99.8 98.4 99.2 99.3

no 1.3 2.7 3.9 1.4 .1 1.4 2.4 .4 .3 10.8 2.5 37.3 4.1 4.2 .5 .3 1.1 3.8 18.5 26.1 .9 .2 .5 .5 1.6 .4 .1 .2 1.6 .8 .7

N 1615 982 2031 1394 1934 1200 1000 1141 1002 1912 1003 1211 1010 1014 1038 964 1007 933 1005 1002 1018 1093 1895 1327 1000 1000 1005 1002 1000 1207 2500

Total

96.0

3.3

38444

255

71

How proud are you to be a British citizen? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nationality for 'British'!)

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

256

very proud 39.7 50.5 16.8 52.5 39.3 44.1 79.1 65.0 75.3 24.3 19.5 49.8 48.0 41.4 56.1 66.5 71.8 32.5 23.5 40.4 21.7 71.6 26.2 24.8 50.9 47.1 34.3 55.7 38.5 26.7 24.0 30.8 41.7

quite not very not at all proud proud proud 49.6 7.0 3.7 39.5 7.9 2.1 50.8 24.3 8.1 38.8 6.6 2.2 49.0 9.8 1.9 45.2 7.8 3.0 17.7 2.3 .9 25.6 8.6 .9 21.8 2.2 .7 50.9 17.5 7.3 60.5 14.8 5.2 38.3 8.2 3.7 44.6 6.8 .6 45.6 11.6 1.4 37.5 5.6 .9 31.1 2.1 .3 26.2 1.7 .3 52.9 11.6 3.0 43.3 23.8 9.3 41.0 15.2 3.4 38.9 26.3 13.2 25.9 2.1 .4 54.7 17.2 2.0 52.0 16.4 6.7 38.4 8.5 2.3 39.0 11.6 2.3 34.7 25.6 5.4 34.9 7.4 2.0 48.3 10.9 2.3 45.8 18.0 9.6 36.6 25.9 13.5 39.2 21.8 8.1 41.5

12.7

4.1

N 1514 923 1856 1325 1946 1118 966 1129 999 1626 968 1130 957 949 1022 952 989 787 774 736 918 1071 1843 1285 969 1131 926 984 973 908 1136 2395 37205

71a

Using the responses on this card, could you tell me how much you trust [British] people in general? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nationality for `British') complet e trust

a little trust

Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Luxembourg Iceland Lithuania Belarus

17.1 23.0 27.0 2.5 32.2 2.6 6.0 3.2

38.6 55.0 54.0 44.2 35.3 75.5 41.4 46.1

Total

13.4

44.4

neither not no trust trust nor much at all distrust trust 38.8 4.5 1.1 15.7 5.7 .5 13.7 4.8 .4 39.0 12.0 2.3 29.0 2.4 1.1 19.6 2.1 .2 31.7 16.6 4.3 30.0 18.0 2.7 24.3

7.4

N

939 1954 1342 1966 1143 959 986 934

1.4 11245

257

71b There is much talk about what the individual member states of the European Community Union have in common and what makes each one distinct. (Interviewer presents illustration with responses and scale from 1 to 7) A Some people say: If the European member states were truly to be united, this would mean the end of their national, historical and cultural identities. Their national economic interests would also be sacrificed. B Others say: Only a truly united Europe can protect its states' national, historical and cultural identities and their national economic interests from the challenges of the superpowers. Which opinion is closest to your own opinion, the first one or the second one? Please use the scale listed.1 would mean that you agree completely with A and 7 would mean that you agree completely with B. The numbers in between allow you to show which of the opinions you tend to agree with, whether you tend to agree more with the one or with the other. 1 A

2

3

4

5

6

Mean

7 B

Austria Italy Lithuania Czech Republic Slovakia Belarus

4.29 5.07 3.67 4.66 4.45 4.61

Std. Deviation 1.74 1.71 1.99 1.74 1.88 1.69

Total

4.55

1.82

258

N 1317 1756 732 1714 1078 601 7198

74

How about people from less developed countries coming here to work. Which one of the following do you think the government should do?

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

strict limits prohibit come anyone people come when jobs on the available number of coming who here foreigners wants to 5.6 33.7 50.3 10.4 4.3 34.1 48.5 13.1 4.5 32.6 56.0 7.0 4.8 51.6 39.1 4.5 9.7 47.4 38.3 4.6 19.1 56.2 22.4 2.3 11.5 61.4 23.2 3.9 3.5 40.9 41.0 14.6 1.4 30.0 45.5 23.1 7.4 33.5 50.5 8.6 3.9 35.9 55.6 4.7 7.4 51.9 38.9 1.8 7.4 23.8 66.1 2.7 16.3 54.4 28.7 .5 10.4 34.7 51.9 3.0 7.0 59.4 32.7 .9 8.3 46.7 42.1 2.9 7.9 35.3 51.1 5.6 7.0 36.7 44.3 12.1 7.0 26.9 47.4 18.7 4.5 36.5 36.4 22.7 6.2 18.5 61.7 13.7 2.9 30.4 59.6 7.2 2.6 27.3 50.4 19.7 2.0 12.0 59.1 26.8 17.8 38.8 25.5 17.9 8.8 30.8 44.7 15.7 4.6 48.1 38.9 8.4 5.3 32.2 52.2 10.3 18.7 34.6 30.5 16.2 9.7 44.4 28.0 17.9 10.3 46.0 29.4 14.2 7.6

38.5

43.7

10.2

N

1556 954 1955 1367 1942 1110 956 1132 992 1844 981 1163 980 968 1002 958 993 962 949 971 956 1040 1853 1269 981 1039 855 986 968 893 1070 2377 38020

259

74a Do you tend to agree or disagree with the following statement: The future is so uncertain that it is best to live from day to day

Austria Italy Spain Estonia Lithuania Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

260

agree 19.4 53.9 57.0 60.7 65.4 63.8 55.2 65.6

disagree 80.6 46.1 43.0 39.3 34.6 36.2 44.8 34.4

N 1309 1890 1084 939 934 922 1099 2339

55.1

44.9

10516

75

Which of these statements is the nearest to your opinion?

A

For the greater good of society it is better if immigrants maintain their distinct customs and traditions For the greater good of society it is better if immigrants do not maintain their distinct customs and traditions but take over the customs of the country

B

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

A 26.8 44.7 23.8 18.4 59.7 52.0 48.9 68.7 55.5 28.1 29.1 57.5 23.4 36.0 32.0 27.2 56.7 53.9 52.5 47.1 36.5 47.6 31.0 39.9 33.4 61.8 60.5 30.8 59.9 48.4 46.5 43.1

B 73.2 55.3 76.2 81.6 40.3 48.0 51.1 31.3 44.5 71.9 70.9 42.5 76.6 64.0 68.0 72.8 43.3 46.1 47.5 52.9 63.5 52.4 69.0 60.1 66.6 38.2 39.5 69.2 40.1 51.6 53.5 56.9

N 1437 827 1899 1292 1763 950 837 1052 929 1713 910 1006 837 813 924 896 866 835 806 853 638 903 1710 946 876 1002 661 923 901 702 858 1929

Total

41.9

58.1

33494

261

76_A In order to be considered "just", what should a society provide? Please tell me for each statement if it is important or unimportant to you. 1 means very important; 5 means not important at all. Eliminating big inequalities in income between citizens very

quite

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Russia

47.7 27.9 26.5 23.4 34.9 53.2 69.9 63.6 12.0 38.6 14.5 25.0 10.1 17.9 30.5 40.2 41.5 34.3 36.0 63.1 44.5 51.3 29.9 56.1 51.7 44.4 47.2 44.4 28.8 34.5 35.4

Total

37.7

262

not

22.7 28.0 33.3 34.5 26.1 29.9 16.8 18.5 24.0 24.9 27.7 39.4 18.1 26.8 36.4 31.1 27.2 28.1 24.7 18.3 23.2 24.0 26.3 30.3 34.3 40.5 17.5 22.6 50.7 24.4 23.7

important nor not important 20.8 28.3 27.9 28.4 24.9 13.1 9.2 13.5 31.7 23.7 30.6 17.0 28.2 31.5 22.5 19.2 22.3 26.3 28.0 13.3 18.2 18.5 24.5 9.3 9.7 8.3 21.8 23.3 12.4 21.4 23.5

5.5 8.6 9.4 9.5 7.7 2.4 3.3 2.3 16.3 7.3 19.9 10.6 19.9 16.5 6.6 6.6 5.0 7.8 8.1 2.7 7.3 3.9 13.2 3.6 3.7 4.3 7.2 5.5 7.7 8.2 7.4

27.5

21.4

8.0

not at all 3.3 7.2 3.0 4.2 6.3 1.4 .9 2.1 16.0 5.5 7.3 8.1 23.8 7.3 3.9 2.9 4.0 3.5 3.3 2.6 6.8 2.3 6.1 .8 .6 2.6 6.3 4.1 .4 11.4 10.0

N

1599 920 1999 1370 1948 1144 978 1137 968 1889 1002 1154 984 1009 1025 955 989 919 973 971 941 1067 1878 1313 984 1052 966 998 998 953 2377

5.4 37460

76_B In order to be considered "just", what should a society provide? Please tell me for each statement if it is important or unimportant to you. 1 means very important; 5 means not important at all. Guaranteeing that basic needs are ment for all, in terms of food, housing, cloths, education, health very

quite

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Russia

76.4 71.1 61.2 62.8 70.4 70.6 80.4 84.0 74.3 74.6 71.2 60.3 48.3 71.3 68.6 77.8 76.3 76.7 62.7 83.7 79.3 78.6 52.9 77.5 74.7 61.3 71.6 72.3 66.7 82.8 77.4

15.5 21.9 30.6 25.8 19.3 21.5 12.1 11.7 21.2 17.8 19.5 29.7 23.9 16.6 24.7 17.2 17.0 17.6 22.7 11.1 15.2 13.1 27.2 19.7 23.6 34.8 18.5 21.2 32 13.1 16.2

important nor not important 6.1 5.5 6.4 9.0 7.0 6.4 5.6 2.1 3.3 5.2 5.9 7.8 16.9 7.7 4.7 3.7 4.9 4.5 11.2 3.7 3.7 5.6 14.1 2.1 1.3 2.6 7.3 5.5 1.0 3.3 4.8

Total

71.1

20.6

6.0

not

1.3 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.5 .9 1.6 1.7 1.0 5.7 2.9 1.2 .8 1.0 .6 2.8 .8 1.6 1.8 4.8 .5 .4 1.0 1.8 .5 .3 .5 1.0 1.6

not at all .7 .3 .2 .7 1.1 .2 .2 .7 .3 .8 1.7 1.1 5.1 1.5 .9 .4 .8 .5 .6 .7 .2 .9 1.0 .2 .3 .9 .5 .3 .6

N

1609 968 2023 1378 1968 1160 982 1137 1000 1894 1003 1187 993 1012 1030 961 1000 960 991 991 983 1083 1880 1314 988 1094 963 1001 1001 977 2452

.7 37982

263

76_C In order to be considered "just", what should a society provide? Please tell me for each statement if it is important or unimportant to you. 1 means very important; 5 means not important at all. Recognizing people on their merits very

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Russia

54.1 50.2 44.4 43.8 42.5 47.0 64.5 61.6 63.9 53.3 43.3 56.1 38.6 42.2 39.2 68.2 53.9 49.0 41.2 52.4 36.5 73.7 65.3 54.9 63.5 65.1 66.7 50.5 45.3 78.1 57.2

26.4 35.5 34.5 38.2 30.6 31.6 21.0 20.2 24.5 27.8 34.5 33.8 31.9 32.8 35.9 22.2 29.5 29.2 30.5 24.3 25.9 17.1 26.6 34.5 32.9 33.2 20.4 32.6 49.8 15.9 25.9

important nor not important 13.1 10.6 15.9 13.4 18.0 15.3 11.8 13.2 8.8 14.0 16.2 7.4 15.5 17.7 16.3 5.3 13.4 14.5 19.3 16.0 20.7 6.0 6.2 8.0 2.5 1.4 10.1 11.6 3.3 4.7 11.9

Total

53.6

29.4

11.8

264

quite

not

4.3 2.9 3.5 3.4 5.7 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.0 3.1 4.4 1.6 6.2 5.1 6.8 2.5 2.0 3.0 6.4 4.4 11.0 2.0 1.5 2.1 .7 .3 1.8 3.4 1.4 .7 2.7 3.3

not at all 2.1 .8 1.7 1.2 3.3 2.3 .6 2.3 .8 1.9 1.6 1.1 7.9 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.1 4.3 2.5 3.0 6.0 1.2 .5 .6 .3 1.0 1.9 .2 .6 2.3

N

1593 962 2011 1371 1947 1152 965 1136 988 1875 996 1178 923 974 1021 960 989 926 983 981 941 1086 1885 1302 987 1092 956 998 994 975 2437

1.9 37585

76_D In order to be considered "just", what should a society provide? Please tell me for each statement if it is important or unimportant to you. 1 means very important; 5 means not important at all. Giving young people equal opportunity to pursue their education irrespective of family income very

quite

Germany Austria Italy Finland Iceland Lithuania Czech Republic Slovakia Romania Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

70.0 82.4 82.6 78.4 88.9 81.8 79.4 82.3 69.5 82.7 64.3 81.1 90.1 85.7

22.7 14.9 13.9 16.4 9.3 13.9 16.2 16.2 27.8 14.4 34.2 14.5 7.1 11.4

important nor not important 6.2 2.2 2.4 3.1 .9 2.4 3.3 1.3 2.5 1.8 1.3 3.5 2.0 2.1

Total

80.1

16.4

2.7

not

not at all

1.0 .4 .7 .7 .5 1.4 .7 .2 .7 .2 .5 .8 .4 .6

N

.1 .1 .4 1.4 .4 .4 .4 .1 .3 .5

2026 1385 1972 1029 960 991 1886 1317 1095 1003 996 .3 970 1177 .3 2469 .3 19275

265

77

How often do you follow politics in the news on television or on the radio or in the daily papers

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

266

every several once or less often never day times a twice a week week 57.6 14.8 9.1 9.7 8.8 23.7 19.1 15.9 23.5 17.9 61.1 25.0 6.9 5.7 1.3 57.4 19.1 9.7 10.2 3.7 50.0 15.1 11.8 12.6 10.5 34.8 20.7 13.8 19.2 11.4 36.3 20.7 13.8 17.0 12.2 63.4 18.9 7.2 6.4 4.0 35.3 20.2 15.9 19.0 9.7 47.8 15.8 10.8 13.9 11.6 53.1 18.8 11.5 13.3 3.3 45.6 15.1 11.1 16.5 11.7 63.6 14.0 8.4 10.3 3.6 72.1 13.2 8.0 6.0 .6 39.2 17.9 13.2 23.9 5.8 45.4 23.5 12.1 15.9 3.0 29.8 16.3 20.5 21.7 11.7 32.3 16.5 18.5 21.3 11.4 47.7 22.8 13.6 11.6 4.3 64.2 18.2 8.4 6.4 2.8 68.2 17.0 6.5 6.6 1.7 52.9 21.4 10.8 11.8 3.1 59.6 21.1 9.2 8.8 1.3 41.1 30.7 12.9 13.2 2.1 48.3 16.4 13.4 15.8 6.1 43.2 20.9 9.2 20.2 6.4 41.2 23.2 14.9 14.0 6.6 43.6 19.8 15.6 16.0 5.1 50.1 26.4 9.5 12.2 1.8 34.3 19.1 25.7 16.0 4.9 61.6 17.9 9.3 8.1 3.1 67.2 17.1 7.6 5.5 2.7 50.5

19.2

11.5

12.8

N

1613 977 2036 1395 1988 1188 991 1136 1002 1908 1003 1198 1015 1013 1034 964 1008 988 993 1006 1013 1094 1893 1322 1000 1137 995 1002 1000 984 1194 2493

6.0 39583

78_A Can you tell me your opinion on each of the following statements? If someone has information that may help justice be done, generally he or she should give it to the authorities agree agree agree nor disagre disagre strongly disagree e e strongly France 59.6 24.7 11.0 2.9 1.8 Great Britain 44.7 46.4 7.9 .8 .1 Germany 25.0 50.4 14.5 8.4 1.8 Austria 33.4 46.6 12.1 4.5 3.4 Italy 40.9 46.2 10.2 2.6 .2 Spain 37.8 44.0 16.0 1.9 .3 Portugal 47.4 37.9 10.3 4.0 .4 Greece 43.3 37.4 16.4 2.4 .6 Malta 43.7 46.7 6.6 2.6 .3 Belgium 57.4 28.0 8.8 3.4 2.4 Netherlands 30.6 51.8 11.8 4.7 1.0 Luxembourg 46.7 39.6 9.5 2.8 1.5 Denmark 45.9 35.9 12.3 5.1 .7 Sweden 26.6 54.6 14.7 3.4 .7 Finland 48.8 42.0 7.9 1.0 .3 Iceland 49.4 44.1 5.3 1.2 .1 Ireland 48.5 40.9 7.3 2.6 .6 Northern Ireland 37.5 44.5 13.4 4.1 .5 Estonia 33.1 44.8 14.4 5.4 2.4 Latvia 36.5 48.9 11.0 3.1 .5 Lithuania 25.3 42.6 24.5 6.1 1.6 Poland 45.4 43.0 8.9 2.5 .3 Czech Republic 41.7 46.5 9.9 1.7 .2 Slovakia 53.1 35.7 8.7 2.0 .5 Hungary 35.4 36.0 18.2 5.4 4.9 Romania 47.7 44.1 5.4 1.9 .9 Bulgaria 50.3 34.4 11.8 3.1 .4 Slovenia 46.1 42.1 8.4 2.9 .4 Croatia 41.5 43.2 12.6 2.6 .2 Belarus 42.7 42.0 10.4 4.3 .6 Ukraine 37.4 45.5 12.7 3.6 .8 Russia 28.4 46.4 17.0 7.0 1.1 Total

41.4

42.3

11.6

3.6

N

1597 968 1897 1336 1968 1102 992 1119 997 1870 996 1152 982 994 1014 952 997 946 924 972 953 1045 1863 1275 960 1076 936 986 972 937 1091 2328

1.0 38196

267

78_B Can you tell me your opinion on each of the following statements? People should stick to their own affairs and not show too much interest in what others say or do agree agree agree nor disagre disagre strongly disagree e e strongly France 33.7 28.2 19.2 11.6 7.3 Great Britain 7.2 30.4 29.5 27.0 5.9 Germany 12.1 28.7 26.2 25.3 7.8 Austria 26.1 33.8 18.7 15.6 5.9 Italy 8.6 20.2 24.9 38.8 7.5 Spain 20.0 32.8 27.3 17.0 2.9 Portugal 33.3 35.9 18.5 10.8 1.5 Greece 30.2 26.9 19.6 20.6 2.7 Malta 23.7 39.4 22.9 13.3 .8 Belgium 26.1 24.6 20.9 17.5 10.9 Netherlands 6.9 22.1 19.7 41.5 9.8 Luxembourg 31.2 33.3 14.3 15.2 6.1 Denmark 11.8 23.1 21.5 32.8 10.8 Sweden 5.5 22.5 23.9 39.3 8.8 Finland 20.0 42.2 20.8 15.8 1.1 Iceland 14.7 40.2 19.2 21.7 4.2 Ireland 9.5 33.7 22.8 29.2 4.9 Northern Ireland 5.1 34.3 32.0 24.6 4.0 Estonia 23.1 42.1 20.2 12.4 2.2 Latvia 20.4 45.2 18.5 15.0 .9 Lithuania 18.5 38.0 29.4 12.9 1.2 Poland 24.3 38.5 22.0 13.2 2.0 Czech Republic 8.1 23.1 25.7 38.0 5.1 Slovakia 10.0 16.9 20.7 39.9 12.5 Hungary 24.6 29.1 25.4 14.9 6.0 Romania 24.9 34.5 17.9 13.6 9.2 Bulgaria 18.1 28.4 25.7 23.8 4.0 Slovenia 33.3 37.7 16.9 9.8 2.3 Croatia 23.5 36.3 20.5 17.1 2.6 Belarus 16.6 30.7 18.1 29.4 5.2 Ukraine 17.1 40.4 21.1 19.4 2.1 Russia 20.5 42.2 21.0 14.6 1.7 Total

268

18.9

31.8

22.1

22.0

N

1601 953 1977 1351 1927 1116 993 1108 996 1882 1003 1155 978 991 1003 945 982 934 962 983 974 1045 1835 1271 959 1081 937 994 987 945 1115 2388

5.2 38371

79_A To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Your immediate family very much

much

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

68.8 56.5 81.8 49.5 44.4 63.1 78.4 88.6 86.3 75.7 74.6 66.0 18.6 79.1 14.9 68.1 69.2 59.6 65.7 57.4 78.9 73.2 12.2 64.7 86.6 67.0 80.3 58.4 38.6 87.1 73.6 60.8

19.7 15.1 15.9 26.4 38.8 29.1 16.1 8.3 10.2 16.5 19.8 22.1 15.7 18.5 19.1 24.8 11.9 14.3 22.4 29.0 19.8 21.3 17.8 24.0 10.1 22.0 16.5 27.1 31.6 9.1 22.2 26.6

Total

63.0

20.7

to a not so not at all certain much extent 8.2 2.4 .8 10.1 9.5 9.0 1.5 .4 .3 16.7 5.5 1.9 11.4 4.2 1.2 6.4 1.4 4.6 .5 .4 1.8 .3 1.0 2.9 .3 .3 5.5 1.5 .7 3.0 .4 2.2 7.3 3.2 1.5 13.3 27.9 24.5 2.0 .4 .1 25.8 30.6 9.6 6.0 1.0 5.4 7.4 6.2 7.5 7.2 11.5 10.4 1.3 .2 11.8 1.3 .5 1.1 .2 4.5 .7 .3 32.5 28.5 9.0 9.7 .9 .7 2.2 .4 .7 6.6 3.2 1.2 2.6 .2 .4 11.2 2.1 1.2 20.4 8.5 .9 2.2 0.8 .7 3.2 .7 .3 8.8 3.1 .7 8.8

5.0

2.6

N

1605 982 2016 1392 1988 1194 998 1140 1001 1895 968 1197 1011 1012 1025 963 1006 990 1001 1002 1009 1094 1894 1317 991 1127 990 1000 1002 988 1191 2488 39477

269

79_B To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: The people in your neighbourhood very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

270

5.7 9.1 10.4 3.7 3.1 7.4 7.3 4.6 9.1 7.7 4.9 7.1 1.6 3.6 1.5 3.3 21.0 12.4 3.0 1.7 1.7 6.9 1.6 15.4 5.7 6.9 8.9 4.7 6.3 7.9 4.7 2.5 6.1

to a not so not at all certain much extent 25.8 36.5 21.6 10.3 22.6 39.3 18.4 10.5 44.3 38.0 6.8 .6 23.0 46.4 21.4 5.6 22.0 46.9 20.2 7.7 34.4 45.8 10.4 2.0 24.0 44.3 15.9 8.5 28.6 36.0 20.7 10.0 35.7 28.3 18.4 8.6 26.2 45.5 15.6 4.9 30.0 49.8 13.1 2.2 25.3 39.9 18.5 9.2 9.0 21.2 35.1 33.1 24.8 46.8 22.2 2.7 6.1 21.6 47.5 23.4 21.4 43.3 27.3 4.6 31.2 28.8 13.0 6.0 27.5 27.7 19.0 13.4 19.3 51.9 21.5 4.4 8.1 33.9 34.9 21.4 21.7 43.3 29.0 4.3 29.9 43.1 14.8 5.3 10.0 37.5 39.4 11.5 31.7 41.7 8.5 2.7 18.5 38.0 19.9 17.9 20.4 30.5 23.2 19.0 21.9 44.1 18.3 6.7 18.5 54.2 15.9 6.7 26.1 39.0 22.8 5.8 30.1 34.4 20.1 7.6 16.2 49.9 21.4 7.8 12.2 42.8 27.2 15.2

much

23.4

40.1

21.2

9.2

N

1607 987 2026 1394 1988 1190 1000 1139 1001 1903 1002 1195 998 1013 1022 962 1001 992 998 980 1007 1089 1867 1313 988 1106 966 1001 992 992 1185 2481 39386

79_C To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: The people of the region you live in very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

2.6 4.6 5.2 1.5 2.2 4.1 5.2 3.9 6.1 3.2 1.2 3.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 12.6 7.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 2.6 1.9 8.9 3.4 7.2 6.4 2.4 4.6 6.5 5.6 2.8 3.8

to a not so not at all certain much extent 14.8 33.5 31.6 17.5 18.1 40.6 25.7 10.9 27.9 47.2 16.5 3.2 13.4 48.4 29.4 7.3 17.3 48.8 24.3 7.4 26.2 50.3 15.3 4.1 18.6 49.8 17.8 8.6 20.2 42.3 22.3 11.4 27.8 32.7 22.1 11.3 12.8 47.5 27.8 8.8 7.7 46.5 35.4 9.2 15.4 42.2 26.9 12.0 6.8 21.7 36.6 33.3 17.0 49.4 28.1 3.8 6.8 27.2 46.7 17.5 15.7 39.4 36.0 7.1 24.8 40.6 17.6 4.3 18.7 32.6 28.7 12.5 10.1 43.4 34.9 10.1 6.6 31.5 36.1 24.2 18.4 42.4 33.3 4.9 17.3 40.5 29.9 9.7 9.7 42.4 35.7 10.3 24.6 45.9 15.3 5.3 9.5 35.2 27.1 24.7 26.9 27.9 22.1 16.0 14.2 45.0 24.8 9.7 12.5 53.1 23.0 9.0 24.5 41.4 23.7 5.8 29.4 40.2 17.5 6.4 15.6 48.7 23.7 6.3 13.5 50.0 23.4 10.3

much

16.9

42.3

26.5

10.4

N

1604 987 2011 1383 1983 1182 994 1140 1000 1901 1002 1192 996 1004 1026 959 1003 990 986 964 993 1082 1857 1305 988 1109 944 997 983 987 1157 2458 39166

271

79_D To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Your fellow countrymen very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

272

2.7 4.6 3.5 2.6 2.5 3.9 8.1 4.0 6.3 4.2 .9 3.9 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.7 12.7 6.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 5.1 3.2 7.7 4.7 11.0 7.7 9.3 6.7 9.5 6.5 3.0 4.7

to a not so not at all certain much extent 15.8 36.5 27.4 17.6 16.0 44.0 26.1 9.2 26.9 48.9 16.2 4.7 13.4 43.2 33.3 7.5 22.3 49.4 20.5 5.4 24.0 50.3 17.7 4.2 23.6 47.3 13.6 7.4 28.1 45.3 16.8 5.8 34.2 38.3 14.1 7.0 12.2 46.8 27.7 9.0 10.8 53.6 28.5 6.2 16.9 45.0 25.0 9.2 9.2 27.8 32.7 27.7 25.8 51.4 17.9 2.3 12.0 39.7 35.0 10.2 23.1 43.8 24.4 5.0 22.5 40.6 19.3 4.9 16.7 34.3 29.3 13.5 10.5 48.3 30.2 8.6 7.5 30.4 33.1 26.9 29.8 48.3 16.7 2.9 24.3 40.5 24.1 5.9 14.2 54.5 21.6 6.4 21.6 50.9 14.3 5.5 15.3 40.9 26.1 13.1 33.0 24.1 19.1 12.7 22.7 44.2 18.2 7.2 23.7 49.1 13.1 4.8 26.0 40.1 21.7 5.5 41.1 32.2 12.0 5.3 17.3 49.0 21.8 5.4 17.5 47.0 22.4 10.2

much

20.2

44.0

22.5

8.5

N

1599 978 1999 1381 1980 1180 991 1131 999 1892 1003 1190 996 1000 1029 958 1003 982 980 964 1006 1074 1862 1299 986 1099 942 996 982 989 1144 2451 39066

79_E To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Europeans very much

much

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

2.4 2.4 2.7 1.1 1.7 2.2 4.4 1.1 4.2 2.2 1.1 2.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.9 6.9 3.0 1.5 1.0 .4 1.4 2.1 4.1 2.2 3.5 4.1 2.0 2.3 4.3 2.3 1.2

11.2 7.4 15.7 6.9 15.9 15.3 13.2 9.3 22.8 8.4 5.4 14.1 8.4 14.7 5.7 11.1 13.1 9.7 3.5 2.4 10.9 10.6 8.6 11.6 7.0 13.6 8.4 9.0 10.8 26.7 4.0 4.9

Total

2.3

10.6

to a not so not at all certain much extent 31.5 29.3 25.7 26.2 43.5 20.6 43.5 30.4 7.7 32.3 43.3 16.3 46.2 27.5 8.7 50.6 25.3 6.6 46.7 24.7 10.9 28.3 36.6 24.8 37.0 23.3 12.6 37.1 35.1 17.2 34.7 43.1 15.8 41.7 29.0 12.5 31.4 33.4 25.4 46.7 33.2 3.9 27.0 44.1 21.7 32.5 39.7 14.9 35.7 32.2 12.1 22.9 35.7 28.7 31.2 39.9 24.0 11.7 33.7 51.3 33.4 47.9 7.4 30.8 39.0 18.2 40.9 35.7 12.8 43.3 28.6 12.4 27.9 34.0 28.7 27.3 27.7 27.9 30.4 32.1 25.0 48.4 27.3 13.3 30.8 39.8 16.4 37.4 21.5 10.1 31.0 40.0 22.7 25.7 36.7 31.6 35.0

34.0

18.1

N

1599 973 1979 1370 1976 1181 989 1139 994 1895 1003 1179 980 998 1020 958 990 971 954 934 967 1070 1812 1255 981 1074 906 988 966 984 1103 2411 38601

273

79_F To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Human kind very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

274

much

6.4 10.7 4.7 4.2 6.0 8.1 12.2 16.2 7.4 6.8 7.9 5.8 12.7 8.4 11.5 5.2 15.7 8.9 3.1 3.9 2.0 2.2 8.1 6.4 6.1 4.5 9.2 8.3 14.2 6.8 7.2 6.0

17.2 18.5 18.1 13.0 22.7 27.0 27.3 30.1 28.8 15.8 25.7 23.3 23.5 25.5 24.7 15.1 19.3 15.8 9.5 5.3 14.4 11.6 20.7 13.5 16.5 15.4 15.2 16.3 22.6 27.6 11.0 12.7

7.5

18.7

not so not at to a all certain much extent 34.4 23.0 18.9 38.6 24.2 8.0 41.2 28.1 7.9 33.1 31.9 17.9 44.1 21.7 5.5 44.7 16.2 4.1 38.6 14.1 7.8 39.7 9.7 4.2 40.1 17.3 6.3 38.1 26.0 13.3 41.0 19.2 6.2 40.5 20.1 10.4 36.2 15.4 12.3 43.0 20.4 2.7 34.0 19.8 9.9 33.9 32.5 13.2 41.0 18.4 5.7 35.5 25.5 14.3 39.2 31.2 17.0 17.1 28.1 45.6 41.6 34.7 7.3 29.3 38.5 18.4 44.5 18.8 7.9 43.1 24.0 13.0 29.6 28.5 19.4 24.7 26.5 28.9 35.6 23.6 16.4 45.6 21.2 8.6 32.5 22.3 8.4 35.4 19.2 10.9 37.3 29.4 15.0 37.8 24.4 19.1 37.7

23.6

12.5

N

1599 973 1970 1358 1971 1175 989 1133 995 1890 1002 1177 976 997 1023 959 991 974 938 925 954 1068 1824 1235 984 1064 901 989 967 982 1098 2413 38495

80_A To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Elderly people in your country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

31.5 36.4 19.1 15.0 25.1 19.1 51.1 35.7 40.6 22.2 16.7 15.5 24.8 29.2 22.2 22.0 54.6 32.0 17.3 14.6 24.7 27.5 14.6 39.4 25.3 26.7 34.1 12.6 28.7 19.4 35.4 32.2

to a not so not at all certain much extent 35.2 24.5 6.3 2.6 33.4 22.9 4.8 2.6 45.3 31.7 3.3 .6 34.0 39.2 10.5 1.4 50.6 20.6 3.4 .3 44.2 32.0 4.3 .4 32.0 13.9 2.8 .2 38.3 24.0 1.4 .5 39.9 13.3 5.1 1.2 35.8 32.6 8.0 1.4 38.3 34.6 9.5 .9 28.2 36.1 15.2 5.0 28.3 26.0 14.8 6.1 38.2 27.2 5.3 39.7 28.4 8.0 1.6 40.4 26.4 10.1 1.1 25.9 15.6 3.1 .8 36.9 22.5 6.8 1.8 30.2 42.5 8.7 1.3 23.5 39.9 14.3 7.8 51.6 18.3 5.1 .3 44.9 22.9 4.0 .8 32.8 38.2 12.7 1.8 29.4 25.9 4.0 1.3 31.7 31.3 9.0 2.7 40.1 15.7 9.5 8.0 36.1 26.2 2.6 1.1 32.9 46.1 6.3 2.1 39.6 25.6 5.3 .8 31.6 35.8 9.9 3.3 36.8 24.5 3.1 .3 38.1 25.5 3.4 .8

Total

26.6

36.9

very much

much

28.0

6.7

1.8

N

39403

1610 989 2013 1390 1983 1188 998 1140 1001 1904 1003 1187 1004 1012 1034 961 1005 992 998 961 996 1085 1896 1314 989 1102 974 1002 996 990 1196 2488

275

80_B To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Unemployed people in your country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

18.6 11.4 7.2 7.4 16.4 10.8 24.4 19.5 13.9 9.7 5.2 4.7 7.2 8.8 12.1 6.3 21.9 10.5 11.6 7.1 15.0 14.3 12.4 21.4 9.3 20.3 25.5 16.2 29.3 6.9 25.7 17.4

to a not so not at all certain much extent 35.7 31.7 9.8 4.2 22.0 43.3 17.7 5.6 27.0 50.2 13.5 2.1 24.7 41.9 22.3 3.6 44.0 30.2 7.9 1.6 42.0 38.6 8.1 .4 24.3 36.0 11.7 3.5 39.5 31.4 7.9 1.8 32.9 34.6 14.0 4.6 23.7 43.0 18.4 5.2 17.0 50.0 23.2 4.5 18.7 41.6 25.0 10.0 17.0 38.2 26.2 11.4 27.1 43.2 20.4 .5 35.3 39.4 11.9 1.3 29.3 40.9 21.1 2.4 27.8 37.2 10.9 2.2 22.4 35.1 24.9 7.2 26.5 42.7 17.1 2.1 15.4 33.2 28.4 15.9 48.0 29.2 7.3 .4 36.2 37.2 10.4 1.8 31.1 41.1 12.6 2.8 27.8 39.0 9.0 2.7 20.3 37.4 23.9 9.0 37.5 18.9 12.4 10.9 32.0 32.9 8.5 1.1 31.7 42.9 7.1 2.2 40.5 24.7 4.8 .7 20.5 38.5 23.5 10.6 33.5 31.1 8.0 1.7 35.1 36.6 8.4 2.5

Total

14.0

30.1

very much

276

much

37.5

14.3

4.0

N

1610 987 2006 1387 1980 1185 996 1140 1000 1904 1002 1181 996 1010 1031 960 1005 992 994 955 998 1081 1896 1314 988 1100 969 1001 997 990 1187 2483 39327

80_C To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Immigrants in your country very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

7.9 4.5 3.7 3.6 6.6 5.0 10.6 4.4 3.9 5.2 2.7 4.8 4.3 7.1 3.3 2.7 10.5 4.7 3.6 2.1 1.3 2.4 2.4 3.7 .5 4.7 3.3 2.4 5.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.2

to a not so not at all certain much extent 19.0 33.6 20.8 18.8 10.1 31.9 37.7 15.8 18.3 47.7 22.8 7.6 12.3 33.2 35.9 15.0 28.0 43.0 18.5 3.9 25.7 50.4 16.8 2.1 13.7 38.7 24.4 12.7 16.6 45.7 24.1 9.2 17.5 37.8 30.0 10.9 13.7 35.5 29.7 16.0 13.6 48.2 29.3 6.2 18.3 41.6 24.3 11.1 10.9 34.0 29.8 21.0 22.5 43.3 25.5 1.6 11.9 32.9 36.4 15.4 17.9 40.1 32.3 6.9 17.9 42.6 24.0 5.0 12.9 29.3 36.3 16.8 7.6 32.5 38.9 17.4 3.2 17.5 35.8 41.4 6.0 29.4 55.1 8.1 6.2 30.9 42.0 18.4 10.7 37.5 34.9 14.5 7.8 38.1 34.5 15.8 4.8 18.9 34.1 41.6 14.8 27.8 24.3 28.4 5.8 31.1 34.1 25.7 10.6 49.5 24.4 13.1 13.9 38.3 31.6 10.5 6.9 27.7 34.7 28.2 6.0 31.0 37.9 22.7 8.5 34.9 35.7 18.4

N

13.4

38857

much

36.6

30.6

15.1

1603 982 2005 1369 1978 1177 993 1138 1001 1898 1001 1179 981 1008 1020 959 996 979 965 939 976 1074 1856 1289 988 1067 912 996 969 982 1143 2435

277

80_D To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Sick and disabled people in your country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia

23.4 29.4 10.5 13.1 25.2 11.2 40.8 32.6 33.3 16.5 10.6 10.6 21.9 24.2 15.6 22.5 50.5 26.1 12.1 11.9 14.0 19.6 21.2 27.8 16.8 25.2 23.5 16.9 26.4 11.9 29.3 23.5

not so not at to a all certain much extent 37.1 29.5 7.6 2.4 35.0 28.1 4.7 2.8 42.1 38.5 7.3 1.6 36.2 38.4 10.5 1.7 48.3 22.6 3.4 .5 40.6 38.3 8.9 1.0 32.5 22.3 3.7 .7 43.6 20.6 2.9 .3 46.4 14.5 4.9 1.0 34.9 37.7 9.2 1.7 39.7 40.4 8.4 .9 28.4 39.7 15.3 6.0 31.7 29.2 12.1 5.1 36.2 33.6 5.8 .2 40.6 32.7 10.1 1.0 42.3 25.5 8.3 1.4 28.7 17.9 2.4 .5 34.7 28.7 8.2 2.3 29.7 45.2 11.1 1.8 21.6 43.1 14.0 9.4 49.6 30.4 5.6 .3 45.0 25.2 8.9 1.4 43.3 28.9 5.1 1.4 33.3 32.6 4.8 1.5 29.3 35.8 13.6 4.5 39.8 16.1 10.5 8.4 36.7 32.2 6.4 1.2 35.6 40.0 5.8 1.7 43.7 25.6 3.8 .5 23.4 39.4 17.1 8.2 35.4 29.4 5.2 .8 38.9 31.6 4.9 1.1

Total

21.5

37.6

very much

278

much

31.2

7.6

2.1

N

1605 983 2010 1377 1984 1181 997 1137 1001 1905 1003 1189 1007 1012 1030 960 1005 991 988 961 996 1084 1883 1302 986 1096 969 1002 996 989 1182 2477 39291

81_A Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: Your immediate family absolutely yes maybe yes/no yes France 80.0 15.1 3.6 Great Britain 62.7 28.5 5.2 Germany 85.5 12.5 1.5 Austria 80.9 16.1 2.2 Italy 50.2 41.6 6.9 Spain 66.1 29.1 4.6 Portugal 80.5 16.0 2.5 Greece 85.6 12.5 1.7 Malta 84.9 14.4 .6 Belgium 82.6 13.5 2.7 Netherlands 74.7 20.1 3.3 Luxembourg 80.4 14.3 3.5 Denmark 58.8 30.0 6.1 Sweden 78.8 19.2 1.5 Finland 53.0 38.3 7.1 Iceland 73.4 25.4 1.0 Ireland 75.2 20.6 3.0 Northern Ireland 75.6 19.6 3.9 Estonia 64.0 24.8 8.6 Latvia 61.1 33.9 3.2 Lithuania 50.7 37.7 5.3 Poland 71.6 24.4 3.0 Czech Republic 52.0 39.3 7.8 Slovakia 77.4 16.2 5.5 Hungary 90.1 7.8 1.5 Romania 88.2 6.9 2.0 Bulgaria 80.7 17.1 1.3 Slovenia 75.4 22.5 1.4 Croatia 79.6 19.3 1.0 Belarus 31.2 34.5 18.0 Ukraine 63.0 25.0 3.4 Russia 50.3 34.7 7.9 Total

70.1

23.3

4.3

no

absolutely no .7 0.5 3.0 .7 .2 .2 .5 .2 .9 .4 .3 .8 .2 .3 .1 .6 .5 1.0 .8 1.2 .7 4.3 .9 .5 1.6 .2 1.2 .8 .1 2.2 .4 1.4 .3 5.1 1.2 .5 .5 .6 .3 .8 .1 .2 .4 1.4 1.6 .8 .6 .1 .1 11.4 4.9 5.0 3.5 5.2 1.9 1.7

N 1612 970 2017 1392 1989 1190 995 1139 1000 1891 968 1207 1004 1011 1021 961 1003 985 993 990 979 1087 1897 1316 991 1107 971 998 997 979 1169 2473

.7 39303

279

81_B Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: People in your neighbourhood /community

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

280

absolutely yes maybe yes yes/no 12.3 36.2 38.6 6.2 33.7 45.1 12.3 47.5 36.7 16.3 52.9 26.8 6.8 42.2 42.5 8.4 43.8 43.4 14.6 29.8 44.7 8.2 37.3 44.5 8.6 47.3 38.0 18.2 44.0 29.9 12.5 55.9 26.5 17.4 44.8 25.0 9.1 37.8 33.0 12.0 55.0 26.8 5.1 40.7 42.6 4.7 46.5 42.1 20.5 51.9 24.1 14.2 43.1 36.0 3.5 30.9 49.0 3.0 27.1 46.8 1.7 19.3 44.9 10.7 44.5 38.9 5.9 44.5 44.5 24.1 47.5 23.0 8.5 44.4 35.5 18.1 29.6 27.8 6.4 36.3 42.9 15.6 50.4 28.3 15.4 53.0 29.0 .6 9.7 25.7 5.6 23.5 32.9 2.6 23.6 37.3 10.3

39.9

36.1

no

absolutely no 8.2 4.6 13.3 1.7 3.1 .4 3.2 .8 7.5 1.0 3.6 .7 8.8 2.0 9.5 .5 4.9 1.1 5.5 2.4 4.6 .5 9.4 3.4 17.3 2.8 5.3 .9 10.8 .8 6.3 .4 3.4 .2 5.8 .9 14.5 2.1 19.6 3.5 27.7 6.3 5.0 .9 4.7 .4 4.6 .8 6.2 5.4 11.7 12.8 13.0 1.4 5.3 .4 2.3 .3 41.6 22.3 24.3 13.7 26.6 9.9 10.4

N 1612 968 2021 1392 1978 1186 996 1136 997 1896 1002 1200 990 1010 1024 959 1002 981 981 964 948 1078 1887 1308 986 1087 922 995 991 985 1148 2424

3.3 39054

81_C Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: Elderly people in your country absolutely yes maybe yes yes/no France 17.4 41.3 31.4 Great Britain 13.5 40.4 35.7 Germany 9.4 40.8 42.0 Austria 10.4 47.4 36.7 Italy 15.4 65.0 17.6 Spain 11.5 45.3 38.3 Portugal 22.9 35.6 38.9 Greece 15.8 56.0 25.9 Malta 19.9 57.0 21.2 Belgium 19.6 45.8 29.3 Netherlands 10.7 52.7 29.4 Luxembourg 17.5 43.1 27.0 Denmark 14.9 51.8 24.9 Sweden 21.9 63.5 12.3 Finland 15.6 56.2 24.5 Iceland 9.9 63.1 25.7 Ireland 29.0 51.5 17.6 Northern Ireland 14.2 48.2 30.9 Estonia 5.0 28.2 51.1 Latvia 7.0 48.8 31.5 Lithuania 2.7 32.3 34.9 Poland 16.7 50.5 28.1 Czech Republic 10.2 52.4 34.0 Slovakia 24.2 45.0 24.5 Hungary 10.8 46.6 31.6 Romania 45.1 21.4 21.9 Bulgaria 12.2 46.1 33.6 Slovenia 13.3 51.6 30.7 Croatia 18.8 57.9 21.6 Belarus 1.0 6.4 13.6 Ukraine 10.4 29.4 29.3 Russia 5.6 44.1 26.0 Total

14.5

46.1

28.9

no absolutely no 7.6 2.2 9.0 1.3 6.6 1.3 4.8 .7 1.9 .1 4.2 .7 2.1 .5 2.1 .1 1.7 .2 4.3 1.1 7.0 .2 10.9 1.5 7.4 1.1 2.2 .1 3.5 .1 1.1 .2 1.7 .2 5.8 .8 13.9 1.8 10.4 2.3 23.3 6.9 4.0 .7 3.2 .2 5.5 .9 6.7 4.4 6.1 5.5 7.5 .7 3.9 .5 1.5 .2 49.1 30.0 18.2 12.7 16.9 7.3 7.8

2.6

N 1604 967 1997 1378 1981 1172 994 1137 1000 1902 999 1194 993 1008 1019 959 1002 979 961 953 929 1065 1879 1294 986 1086 893 997 986 974 1143 2408 38840

281

81_D Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: Immigrants in your country absolutely yes maybe yes yes/no France 6.6 18.7 37.4 Great Britain 3.2 10.3 44.0 Germany 3.5 20.2 52.4 Austria 2.8 17.1 47.6 Italy 6.0 40.2 41.7 Spain 5.5 29.5 54.4 Portugal 7.6 12.8 53.3 Greece 2.1 19.7 52.7 Malta 3.1 23.4 53.7 Belgium 8.6 22.3 36.5 Netherlands 2.8 33.2 46.3 Luxembourg 11.7 29.4 35.6 Denmark 5.6 24.5 36.0 Sweden 10.7 56.8 25.5 Finland 2.6 20.2 45.8 Iceland 3.6 31.0 49.8 Ireland 7.4 27.2 48.7 Northern Ireland 3.5 20.5 40.1 Estonia 1.3 7.7 40.0 Latvia .9 11.2 27.8 Lithuania .9 3.3 24.8 Poland 2.6 13.4 44.6 Czech Republic .9 13.9 53.1 Slovakia 2.6 18.0 42.2 Hungary 1.5 6.1 29.2 Romania 9.1 12.7 33.9 Bulgaria 1.9 13.9 41.5 Slovenia 4.9 23.3 48.9 Croatia 5.7 27.2 47.5 Belarus 1.3 7.9 Ukraine 1.7 6.8 19.5 Russia .8 10.5 30.6

no

Total

24.6

282

4.1

19.8

40.7

absolutely no 18.8 18.5 31.3 11.1 17.6 6.2 24.8 7.7 10.8 1.3 9.3 1.3 21.1 5.2 22.6 2.9 17.4 2.3 19.1 13.6 15.7 2.0 18.1 5.2 24.1 9.9 6.2 .8 23.4 7.9 13.1 2.5 15.6 1.1 28.2 7.6 40.1 10.9 45.6 14.5 54.3 16.7 32.1 7.4 27.5 4.5 24.5 12.7 35.7 27.4 20.2 24.0 32.6 10.1 18.8 4.1 15.6 4.0 41.6 49.2 37.7 34.2 38.4 19.6 10.7

N 1583 954 1978 1366 1972 1163 983 1135 994 1886 1003 1183 972 1008 1020 957 994 959 928 921 900 1045 1848 1256 977 1052 862 988 965 968 1100 2388 38307

81_E Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: Sick and disabled people in your country

France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden Finland Iceland Ireland Northern Ireland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

absolutely yes maybe yes yes/no 20.8 41.0 30.2 16.7 41.7 33.0 9.2 39.3 43.4 13.2 44.1 36.8 19.1 63.1 16.1 12.2 42.5 39.7 24.9 40.4 32.5 21.2 51.4 23.2 25.1 57.2 16.0 22.1 44.4 28.5 10.6 55.4 28.6 20.2 45.2 25.1 19.4 50.7 22.9 28.2 59.5 10.7 15.4 57.9 24.1 18.0 64.7 16.3 31.5 50.0 16.4 16.7 49.4 27.1 8.5 31.3 44.9 9.7 49.0 29.5 4.0 31.0 37.3 20.9 50.6 23.6 19.0 57.3 22.2 25.6 46.1 21.0 13.8 45.7 28.3 38.4 25.5 22.8 16.5 48.5 27.7 16.8 54.0 26.1 21.9 57.3 19.5 2.1 7.5 16.1 11.4 29.6 24.9 6.5 42.1 26.2 17.2

46.3

26.5

no absolutely no 6.1 1.9 7.6 1.0 6.7 1.4 5.1 .8 1.5 .2 4.7 .9 1.6 .5 4.1 .1 1.5 .2 3.8 1.2 5.3 .1 8.0 1.4 6.0 1.0 1.5 .1 2.2 .4 .8 .2 1.9 .3 5.5 1.3 13.4 1.9 9.0 2.8 22.1 5.6 4.0 .8 1.4 6.0 1.3 7.4 4.8 7.4 6.0 6.7 .7 2.7 .4 1.3 43.3 31.1 19.1 15.0 16.9 8.3 7.2

2.8

N 1602 965 1987 1379 1981 1165 991 1134 997 1900 1002 1195 992 1013 1019 959 1001 983 955 956 926 1066 1873 1289 986 1058 899 998 988 964 1141 2400 38763

283

82_A There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because you feel you have a moral duty to help very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a all certain much extent 15.1 3.3 1.6 32.9 5.7 2.9 19.6 2.1 .8 20.8 4.3 1.1 19.8 1.8 1.0 20.9 3.4 .9 13.0 4.5 .5 15.4 4.5 1.3

45.8 25.2 26.4 28.7 24.1 28.8 49.0 32.1

34.2 33.4 51.1 45.1 53.2 46.0 32.9 46.7

30.2 17.9 30.9 18.1

42.8 54.8 28.5 41.9

22.8 20.0 32.3 25.3

3.0 6.3 5.2 8.1

1.2 1.0 3.0 6.7

1220 632 688 657

19.4 24.4 21.3 16.5 25.6 42.8 25.6 52.4

43.5 47.2 34.7 44.3 65.6 45.0 49.8 38.4

31.6 22.5 38.9 37.4 8.4 7.6 23.1 7.4

4.6 4.2 3.8 1.5 .3 4.1 1.4 1.5

1.0 1.7 1.3 .4 .6 .1 .3

721 689 315 522 320 710 1160 883

45.9 33.6 24.5 29.6 52.8 28.4 19.1

41.6 35.2 51.6 47.8 40.3 36.4 39.4

8.4 26.2 21.4 18.8 5.6 29.5 37.0

2.4 3.8 1.9 2.6 3.4 4.0

1.6 1.2 .6 1.2 1.4 2.3 .6

699 497 640 756 72 439 1189

29.7

43.9

21.7

3.4

1.3 19676

no 5.9

N 765

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 94.1

284

N

941 546 999 788 1574 650 576 794

82_B There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because you sympathize with them very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a all certain much extent 18.2 4.2 1.4 22.0 4.3 1.2 18.7 2.1 .9 20.3 2.5 .1 33.8 9.9 3.5 33.6 13.3 11.4 23.6 2.8 .2 10.9 2.9

N

33.4 28.3 25.0 23.9 12.9 9.9 37.8 38.3

42.8 44.1 53.3 53.1 39.9 31.9 35.7 47.8

26.7 16.0 21.1 15.3

46.8 65.2 33.8 45.3

22.4 15.7 35.1 25.6

3.4 3.2 7.0 10.6

23.8 12.6 13.9 18.6 26.4 35.5 20.4 48.0

52.5 42.0 42.3 48.0 69.9 52.1 49.6 46.3

23.1 32.9 36.3 32.1 3.7 9.4 28.4 5.3

.7 9.2 6.6 1.3 2.7 1.5 .3

.3 .2

51.7 34.7 24.3 29.2 61.1 37.7 30.0

38.8 48.0 51.1 48.9 34.7 46.2 47.9

5.9 16.1 22.4 19.3 2.8 15.5 21.4

2.3 1.2 1.7 2.5 1.4 .2 .7

1.3

26.7

46.6

21.6

3.9

1.3 19679

no 43.3

N 765

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 56.7

.7 3.0 3.2

3.4 .9

.5

.4 .1

937 546 1000 789 1558 649 579 788 1222 633 682 649 724 684 317 527 322 709 1164 883 706 496 642 756 72 446 1197

285

82_C There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because it is in the interest of society very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a all certain much extent 21.0 9.9 3.6 30.4 9.4 1.7 26.3 11.6 5.5 33.1 17.8 3.3 28.0 10.7 4.2 24.4 7.1 4.7 15.5 8.4 1.6 24.3 7.3 1.4

31.7 23.4 13.8 12.2 13.2 18.0 38.5 19.4

33.7 35.1 42.8 33.5 44.0 45.8 36.0 47.6

24.5 9.5 16.2 11.3

41.8 48.9 30.0 36.3

24.6 27.6 35.6 24.7

6.5 12.4 13.2 14.8

2.7 1.6 5.0 12.9

1207 631 680 644

12.7 8.6 13.2 10.4 18.8 32.9 10.1 28.3

36.3 33.2 24.2 28.3 64.3 46.8 28.3 38.3

32.3 36.0 42.6 39.0 12.0 13.9 46.3 23.2

13.8 16.8 15.2 15.6 4.5 5.3 14.3 7.3

4.9 5.4 4.8 6.7 .3 1.0 1.0 2.9

716 684 309 508 309 696 1159 866

29.9 20.0 16.2 9.7 33.8 30.1 21.1

36.3 37.0 38.5 23.3 39.4 34.7 45.1

19.0 33.6 31.1 33.9 18.3 24.0 24.2

9.9 7.5 10.1 20.9 7.0 8.6 5.6

5.0 1.9 4.1 12.2 1.4 2.6 4.0

686 481 636 752 71 428 1173

18.8

38.3

28.0

10.9

4.0 19463

no 15.7

N 766

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 84.3

286

N

936 544 988 785 1565 644 569 797

82_D There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because it is in your own interest very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a much all certain extent 19.0 21.9 17.3 25.7 19.9 15.4 25.8 8.5 3.7 24.5 10.2 3.6 27.4 17.5 12.6 27.3 16.0 15.4 24.9 13.6 3.8 9.4 25.0 54.6

N

18.3 16.3 13.2 17.9 12.4 12.9 33.7 2.7

23.6 22.8 48.8 43.8 30.1 28.4 24.0 8.3

16.4 5.5 14.1 15.0

21.7 23.6 24.5 33.9

23.9 26.1 27.0 23.2

19.0 33.2 22.1 14.4

18.9 11.6 12.3 13.5

1216 633 676 652

5.8 8.3 12.2 9.9 9.3 20.2 10.8 30.1

18.2 26.9 23.2 24.5 59.5 25.1 26.3 38.2

27.8 25.2 30.2 34.8 24.8 21.1 36.3 17.8

28.1 25.3 21.5 18.1 5.8 25.0 21.5 9.8

20.1 14.2 12.9 12.8 .6 8.5 5.1 4.1

709 683 310 515 311 691 1155 876

14.3 13.7 18.8 7.3 19.7 18.6 13.1

16.5 20.2 40.3 16.4 45.1 27.0 29.6

14.3 22.9 23.4 21.4 9.9 30.5 34.7

26.1 19.1 10.0 25.5 11.3 13.7 12.5

28.9 24.1 7.4 29.4 14.1 10.2 10.2

679 481 637 752 71 431 1178

14.3

27.8

25.1

18.5

14.3

19491

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 58.5

no 41.5

937 544 996 783 1568 644 579 784

N 763

287

82_E There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. To do something in return very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

N

26.7 20.3 8.4 8.2 7.2 6.6 44.1 9.1

28.3 29.5 39.5 19.4 23.9 31.9 37.0 18.5

22.1 6.8 11.8 14.6

34.5 47.6 19.6 34.6

25.9 26.4 28.9 22.4

9.4 15.8 23.6 14.4

8.2 3.3 16.1 14.1

1209 633 679 639

9.7 14.9 8.1 8.4 6.9 22.9 12.0 19.4

25.2 40.8 18.0 26.9 48.8 34.7 29.0 29.6

33.6 25.8 40.0 38.8 30.0 16.1 38.7 19.1

17.3 9.5 16.3 14.1 12.2 17.9 15.0 17.9

14.2 8.9 17.6 11.8 2.0 8.4 5.4 13.9

711 683 296 490 303 689 1146 863

6.2 15.5 9.3 11.2 4.2 25.5 21.5

8.5 27.8 25.8 28.7 5.6 38.5 45.1

6.8 29.9 23.7 26.7 8.5 24.8 25.7

25.9 12.3 16.3 17.5 28.2 5.3 4.5

52.6 14.6 25.0 16.0 53.5 6.0 3.2

673 472 625 750 71 436 1171

14.6

30.3

26.2

14.9

14.1

19238

* Not asked in Sweden * yes Hungary 62.2 Malta 65.1 288

not so not at to a all certain much extent 21.1 14.0 9.9 33.5 10.0 6.7 32.8 12.1 7.1 27.0 24.8 20.5 28.0 20.1 20.8 32.7 14.8 14.0 12.8 3.5 2.6 18.0 17.0 37.3

no 37.8 34.9

N 531 764

940 538 959 776 1538 593 572 783

83_A There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because you feel you have a moral duty to help very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a much all certain extent 25.1 9.6 3.0 28.8 14.1 10.0 33.0 4.8 2.0 34.1 3.7 3.7 27.5 4.0 1.8 26.6 3.3 .5 25.9 7.8 1.0 36.1 21.3 3.0

N

27.8 19.0 13.0 17.2 15.7 22.8 32.6 18.3

34.4 28.1 47.3 41.2 51.1 46.8 32.6 21.3

18.3 9.7 24.3 12.2

35.3 47.4 30.7 39.2

36.9 32.7 35.2 35.3

5.7 9.7 6.5 5.6

3.7 .6 3.3 7.7

563 360 423 286

8.9 16.8 12.3 13.2 6.1 12.8 14.2 23.3

33.9 41.8 18.5 30.2 42.4 42.7 32.8 49.0

43.3 31.3 51.9 48.1 42.4 26.8 45.5 20.6

10.3 7.3 14.8 5.7 9.1 14.6 7.5 5.1

3.6 2.8 2.5 2.8

223 316 81 106 34 163 267 253

36.2 10.1 15.4 16.5 33.3 11.6 7.1

29.9 26.9 37.0 35.9 66.7 23.3 21.8

20.4 41.2 39.9 37.5

9.5 15.1 5.1 8.1

4.1 6.7 2.6 1.9

38.4 54.9

14.0 9.8

12.8 6.4

221 120 273 309 12 85 266

17.5

38.1

33.6

7.6

3.2

7395

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 74.6

no 25.4

3.0 2.0

395 194 461 267 899 395 193 230

N 256

289

83_B There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because you sympathize with them very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a all certain much extent 35.0 9.1 2.8 27.0 12.6 9.6 25.1 6.8 .9 27.1 4.5 2.2 46.5 16.4 4.4 35.5 12.7 9.4 33.7 8.7 1.0 33.2 4.3 1.3

18.4 19.0 17.2 16.0 4.5 8.1 26.5 17.4

34.8 31.8 50.1 50.2 28.1 34.3 30.1 43.8

17.7 11.1 14.2 6.8

36.0 55.6 34.3 29.4

37.8 29.7 40.2 38.0

6.0 3.6 8.3 19.0

2.5

9.4 8.6 11.0 9.3 5.9 19.0 18.2 28.5

43.5 40.0 31.7 42.1 52.9 58.3 42.0 56.9

39.9 38.4 47.6 41.1 29.4 17.8 36.4 11.5

6.7 8.9 7.3 4.7 11.8 4.3 3.4 2.4

.4 4.1 2.4 2.8

40.8 18.3 18.4 15.9 38.5 20.0 13.0

38.5 34.2 39.3 42.5 53.8 48.2 36.4

11.9 40.8 34.6 34.7 7.7 28.2 42.8

4.6 5.0 4.4 6.2

4.1 1.7 3.3 .6

1.2 5.9

2.4 1.9

218 120 272 308 13 85 269

14.9

39.3

34.5

8.3

3.0

7373

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 63.8

290

N

no 36.2

3.1 6.8

.6 .8

397 191 459 268 882 394 197 236 564 360 419 279 223 315 82 107 34 163 265 254

N 254

83_C There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because it is in the interest of society very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a much all certain extent 25.1 8.0 4.8 30.5 10.1 10.3 28.7 8.9 7.4 38.8 14.8 4.6 29.9 7.6 3.6 27.0 7.7 5.9 27.3 5.2 1.5 41.2 8.8 2.6

N

27.1 19.8 9.1 9.9 10.8 15.3 33.0 13.2

34.9 29.3 45.9 31.9 48.1 44.1 33.0 34.2

19.9 8.6 12.7 11.7

41.1 52.5 32.3 45.9

27.7 24.4 39.2 28.1

7.3 11.1 10.3 8.5

4.1 3.3 5.5 5.7

563 360 415 281

9.9 6.0 16.3 13.2 8.6 15.2 10.6 18.1

38.7 34.3 27.5 31.1 51.4 36.1 24.9 35.3

34.2 36.8 38.8 41.5 28.6 24.7 47.2 30.1

12.2 16.2 12.5 8.5 11.4 22.8 15.8 11.6

5.0 6.7 5.0 5.7

222 315 80 106 34 159 266 249

22.9 10.8 12.3 10.5 30.8 11.9 10.8

31.7 24.2 35.3 23.3 46.2 34.5 39.4

26.6 44.2 36.1 37.4 15.4 39.3 39.0

9.6 15.8 10.8 20.3 7.7 9.5 8.9

9.2 5.0 5.6 8.5 4.8 1.9

218 120 269 305 13 83 259

14.0

38.0

32.5

10.6

5.0

7330

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 82.4

no 17.6

1.3 1.5 4.8

397 191 459 264 890 392 193 228

N 255

291

83_D There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. Because it is in your own interest very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a all certain much extent 24.1 21.1 24.4 12.6 30.3 31.8 33.3 11.5 7.4 30.7 15.2 9.1 29.4 22.3 21.7 29.2 19.5 18.5 27.8 19.1 10.3 7.9 21.9 60.1

12.2 10.5 6.7 10.6 5.1 10.0 18.6 1.8

18.3 14.9 41.1 34.5 21.6 22.8 24.2 8.3

11.4 4.4 7.1 6.1

22.0 14.7 16.5 23.9

23.6 26.3 30.1 26.8

18.2 40.7 28.6 23.9

24.7 13.9 17.7 19.3

561 360 416 280

2.8 2.2 12.7 7.5 8.8 8.9 5.7 13.9

13.3 14.6 10.1 18.7 23.5 10.8 11.8 34.3

33.5 26.8 32.9 23.4 50.0 17.1 44.3 25.5

26.1 30.3 26.6 25.2 14.7 41.1 28.6 16.7

24.3 26.1 17.7 25.2 2.9 22.2 9.5 9.6

218 314 79 107 34 158 263 252

7.9 3.4 13.7 5.5 15.4 4.8 4.2

9.8 4.3 24.0 10.7 15.4 15.5 15.6

17.7 27.4 29.9 23.8 15.4 33.3 38.0

23.7 28.2 12.9 30.6 30.8 23.8 21.7

40.9 36.8 19.6 29.3 23.1 22.6 20.5

215 118 271 307 13 84 263

7.7

19.9

27.6

23.4

21.4

7317

* Not asked in Sweden and Hungary * yes Malta 42.4

292

N

no 57.6

393 189 460 264 885 390 195 227

N 255

83_E There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each reason I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. To do something in return very much France Great Britain Germany Austria Italy Spain Portugal Greece Malta* Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Denmark Sweden* Finland Iceland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary* Romania Bulgaria Slovenia Croatia Belarus Ukraine Russia Total

much

not so not at to a much all certain extent 26.5 19.1 23.9 21.4 23.3 20.6 40.2 13.3 11.1 27.4 29.7 22.1 27.2 26.4 30.3 33.6 16.7 14.8 24.9 18.1 11.9 11.1 18.1 61.9

N

16.0 12.2 4.5 6.1 2.2 6.7 19.7 4.4

14.5 22.4 30.9 14.8 14.0 28.2 25.4 4.4

10.5 2.5 3.5 4.4

17.2 17.3 10.7 14.4

29.8 30.2 27.1 21.4

19.8 37.7 30.0 26.6

22.7 12.3 28.7 33.2

551 359 458 271

2.3 3.8 10.8 5.9 29.4 6.6 6.9 8.6

13.2 19.5 9.5 17.8 44.1 7.9 12.7 23.4

25.0 26.8 31.1 31.7 26.5 13.8 35.9 21.7

20.5 26.2 27.0 11.9

39.1 23.6 21.6 32.7

41.4 32.4 22.1

30.3 12.0 24.2

220 313 74 101 34 153 260 245

15.6 6.1 5.3 4.9 15.4 8.8 4.6

22.9 10.5 15.4 13.4 20.0 17.5

17.0 37.7 25.9 24.8 7.7 32.5 37.9

12.8 14.0 16.9 24.8 30.8 17.5 15.4

31.7 31.6 36.5 32.0 46.2 21.3 24.6

218 115 266 306 13 80 239

6.8

17.1

27.6

22.9

25.5

7192

* Not asked in Sweden * yes Hungary 38.6 Malta 16.4

no 61.4 83.6

393 189 442 263 879 372 193 225

N 70 250 293

294

The European Values Study: Project design Origin In the nineteen seventies, Jan Kerkhofs (Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium) and Ruud de Moor (Tilburg University, The Netherlands) launched a research project to investigate the value patterns of Europeans in a systematic way by means of surveys. The project was called the European Values Systems Study Group (EVSSG) and it was designed to empirically explore crossnational differences and similarities in basic social values in Europe. Originally, the study would focus on four major countries in Western Europe and few Eastern European countries. However, it appeared impossible to secure collaboration with researchers from Eastern Europe and the study in Western Europe evolved into a nine-country study. This nine-country study was produced by the European Values Systems Study Group (EVSSG), which established a Foundation in Amsterdam for this purpose. A Steering Committee and a Technical Group were responsible for the questionnaire design and the organization of the fieldwork. Three research institutes played an important role in the technical group: Gallup London, Faits et Opinions in Paris, and the Institut für Demoskopie in Allensbach (West-Germany). An explorative study was conducted of the nature, number, and salience of values in the lives of individuals. A series of in-depth interviews were held with people who could be expected to have some insight into the happenings in society: journalists, architects, teachers, and so on. Furthermore, group discussions were organized with individuals belonging to socially deprived groups such as the unemployed, members of minority groups, etc.. The survey agencies conducted an archive search of different data bases with respect to questions and items referring to values. This archive search resulted in a data base of more than 900 possible items for the questionnaire. From this large data base a questionnaire was produced, covering the domains of work and leisure time, family and sexuality, religion, politics, and ethics. The questionnaire was piloted in Great Britain, France, WestGermany, and Spain with about 200 respondents in each country.

295

Based on the results of these pilots, a questionnaire was produced in English. The final survey was fielded in 1981 in all member countries of the EC except Greece, also including Spain, which at that time was not yet a member of the EC. The interviewing agencies in the various countries took care of the translation of the English master questionnaire into the national language. The fieldwork was coordinated by Gallup in London. Nationally representative samples were selected for the fieldwork, which was conducted in March-May 1981. Gallup in London gathered all data tapes and produced a combined data set. This data set has been deposited with the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive (ESRC) at the University of Essex. Researchers all over the world showed their interest in EVS and many have fielded the questionnaire in their countries with the result that the EVS questionnaire has been applied in a great number of countries from the United States to Australia and New Zealand, from Argentina and Chili to Japan. In the Scandinavian countries and South Africa, and even in some Eastern European countries, researchers have also fielded (significant parts of) the questionnaire.

Follow up In order to explore the dynamics of value change, a new wave of research was carried out in 1990. The project was extended to include Central and Eastern European countries. In 1986, the preparations of a second wave of the study started. Again, a Steering Committee was entrusted with the scientific supervision of the project. The questionnaire was designed by this Steering Committee in close consultation with national research teams and representatives of fieldwork agencies. In 1989 the preliminary questionnaire was piloted in Great Britain, Spain, Germany, France, and the United States, and a final questionnaire was drafted based on the experiences gained during these pilots. The final questionnaire was again produced in the English language and translated into the various national languages. The main survey was carried out in the middle of 1990 and the

296

beginning of 1991, covering the same main themes as in 1981: work and leisure, family and sexuality, religion, politics, and ethics. The 1990 survey was conducted in all European Community member states (except Greece), in Scandinavia, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, parts of the Russian Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the former German Democratic Republic, Romania, Mexico, South Africa, and Japan. The European fieldwork was coordinated by the Institut für Demoskopie in Allensbach (Germany). National samples were drawn from the population of citizens over 18 years of age. Ronalt Inglehart (University of Michigan) organized and coordinated surveys in countries other than those which participated in the 1990 European Values Study. Third wave The preparations for the most recent study started during the nineties. Building on the knowledge of the two previous waves, a new questionnaire was designed, taking into account several new issues which had emerged in the various life spheres. Five research or working groups (4 substantive and a methodological group) were established. The four substantive research groups covered the main domains in the questionnaire: religion and morality, society and politics, primary relations, and work and leisure. The tasks of these substantive research groups were the development of theories, concepts, and suggestions for concrete items to be included in the 1999 questionnaire. Each research group was made up of experts on the domain at issue. The main tasks of the methodology group were to reach consensus on the themes and items in the questionnaire, identify problems of comparability, plan the survey, make recommendations on socio-demographic background variables, take care of the quality of the data, and advice and provide assistance on analyses, etc. The proposals from the research groups were discussed in several Steering Committee meetings, resulting in a questionnaire which was applied in 1999 and 2000 in almost all European countries. The UK survey did not include Northern Ireland, where a separate survey was conducted.

297

The 1999/2000 study was coordinated from Tilburg University, where the survey data were gathered and checked in close collaboration with Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung in Cologne (ZA) and the Netherlands Institute for Scientific Information Services (NIWI) in Amsterdam. The EVS group, in cooperation with ZA and NIWI, will prepare a pooled file of the EVS 1999 and deposit the data at ZA in 2003.

298

EUROPEAN VALUES STUDY 1999/2000 QUESTIONNAIRE

The questionnaire included apart from core or compulsory questions a number of optional questions. These optional questions are in italic. Further, only answer categories that are shown to the respondents are presented here. The questionnaire also included answer categories which were not shown to the respondents but which could be used by the interviewer: don’t know (code -1), no answer (code -2), and if applicable, a not applicable (code -3) category.

SHOW CARD 1 1 Please say, for each of the following, how important it is in your life.

A B C D E F

Work Family Friends and acquaintances Leisure time Politics Religion

Very Quite Not important important important 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

Not at all important 4 4 4 4 4 4

2

When you get together with your friends, would you say you discuss political matters frequently, occasionally or never?

A B C

Frequently Occasionally Never

1 2 3

299

SHOW CARD 3 3 I am now going to read out some statements about the environment. For each one read out, can you tell me whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or strongly disagree? (Read out each statement and code an answer for each) Strongly Dis- Strongly agree Agree agree disagree A

B

C

I would give part of my income if I were certain that the money would be used to prevent environmental pollution 1 I would agree to an increase in taxes if the extra money is used to prevent environmental pollution 1 The Government has to reduce environmental pollution but it should not cost me any money 1

2

3

4

2

3

4

2

3

4

SHOW CARD 4 4 Taking all things together, would you say you are: A B C D

Very happy Quite happy Not very happy Not at all happy

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 5 5 Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say .... a) which, if any, do you belong to? b) which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work for?

A B C D E F G

300

Social welfare services for elderly, handicapped or deprived people Religious or church organisations Education, arts, music or cultural activities Trade unions Political parties or groups Local community action on issues like poverty, employment, housing, racial equality Third world development or human rights

a

b

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1

H

Conservation, the environment, ecology, animal rights I Professional associations J Youth work (e.g. scouts, guides, youth clubs etc.) K Sports or recreation L Women's groups M Peace movement N Voluntary organisations concerned with health O Other groups None

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

SHOW CARD 6 6 I'm going to ask how often you do certain things. For each activity,would you say you do them every week or nearly every week; once or twice a month; only a few times a year; or not at all? (Interviewer: Code 'Not applicable' when respondent is not involved in work, church or club) Once Every or A few Not Week twice times at a month a year all A Spend time with friends 1 2 3 4 B Spend time with colleagues from work or your profession outside the workplace 1 2 3 4 C Spend time with people at your church, mosque or synagogue 1 2 3 4 D Spend time with people in clubs and voluntary associations (sport, culture, communal) 1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 7 7 On this list are various groups of people. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as neighbours? (Code an answer for each) mentioned A People with a criminal record 1 B People of a different race 1

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C D E F G H I J K L M N O

Left wing extremists Heavy drinkers Right wing extremists People with large families Emotionally unstable people Muslims Immigrants/foreign workers People who have AIDS Drug addicts Homosexuals Jews Gypsies Hindus

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

8

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?

A B

Most people can be trusted Can't be too careful

1 2

SHOW CARD 9 9 Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, and other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use the scale to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out? 1 2 3 None at all

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 A great deal

SHOW CARD 10 10 All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Please use this card to help with your answer. 1 2 3 Dissatisfied

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Satisfied

SHOW CARD 11 11 Why are there people in this country who live in need? Here are four possible reasons. Which one reason do you consider to be most important? (Code one under (a) below) 12 And which reason do you consider to be the second most important? (Code one under (b) below)

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A B C D

Because they are unlucky Because of laziness and lack of willpower Because of injustice in our society It's an inevitable part of modern progress None of these

a 1 2 3 4 5

b 1 2 3 4 5

SHOW CARD 13 13 Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Please look at them and tell me which ones you personally think are important in a job? (Code all mentioned) mentioned A Good pay 1 B Pleasant people to work with 1 C Not too much pressure 1 D Good job security 1 E Good chances for promotion 1 F A job respected by people in general 1 G Good hours 1 H An opportunity to use initiative 1 I A useful job for society 1 J Generous holidays 1 K Meeting people 1 L A job in which you feel you can achieve something1 M A responsible job 1 N A job that is interesting 1 O A job that meets one's abilities 1 P Good physical working conditions 1 Q To have time off at the weekends 1 None of these 1 14 Are you yourself employed or not? A B

Yes No

1 -----> go to 15 2 -----> go to 17

SHOW CARD 15 15 0verall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your job? 1 2 3 Dissatisfied

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Satisfied

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SHOW CARD 16 16 How free are you to make decisions in your job? Please use this card to indicate how much decision-making freedom you feel you have. 1 2 3 None at all

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 A great deal

SHOW CARD 16a 16a And how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your job security? Please use this card to indicate how satisfied or dissatisfied you are. 1 2 3 Dissatisfied

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Satisfied

ASK ALL SHOW CARD 17 17 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Neither DisAgree Agree agree Disagree agree strongly nor strongly disagree A

B

C D E F

To fully develop your talents, you need to have a job It is humiliating to receive money without having to work for it People who don’t work turn lazy Work is a duty towards society People should not have to work if they don’t want to Work should always come first, even if it means less spare time

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18 Imagine two secretaries, of the same age, doing practically the

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same job. One finds out that the other earns £ 30 (Countries other than UK: Please use own currency) a week more than she does. The better paid secretary, however, is quicker, more efficient and more reliable at her job. In your opinion is it fair or not fair that one secretary is paid more than the other? A B

Fair Unfair

1 2

SHOW CARD 19 19 People have different ideas about following instruction at work. Some say that one should follow instructions of one's superiors even when one does not fully agree with them. Others say that one should follow one's superior's instructions only when one is convinced that they are right. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? A B C

Should follow instructions Must be convinced first Depends

1 2 3

20 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Agree Disagree Neither A

When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to British (Countries other than UK: please substitute your nationality!) people over immigrants

B C

When jobs are scarce, men have more right to a job than women When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to local people over people from other parts of the country

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

SHOW CARD 20a 20a How often , if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life? (Read out in reverse order for alternate contacts) A B

Often Sometimes

1 2

305

C D

Rarely Never

3 4

SHOW CARD 21 21 Here are two statements which people sometimes make when discussing good and evil. Which one comes closest to your own point of view? A There are absolutely clear guidelines about what is good and evil. These always apply to everyone, whatever the circumstances. B There can never be absolutely clear guidelines about what is good and evil. What is good and evil depends entirely upon the circumstances at the time. A Agree with statement A B Agree with statement B C Disagree with both

1 2 3

22 Do you belong to a religious denomination? A B

Yes No

1 2 -----> go to q. 24a

SHOW CARD 23 23 Which one? NB: PRESENT COUNTRY SPECIFIC LIST! RECODE INTO: Roman Catholic Church of England (Protestant) Free Church/Non-Conformist/Evangelical Jew Muslim Hindu Buddhist Orthodox Other (Write in) ......

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

24a Were you ever a member of a religious denomination? Interviewer instruction: if respondent is currently a member, please ask: Where you ever a member of another religious denomination? A B

306

Yes No

1 2 -----> go to q. 25

SHOW CARD 24 24b Which one? NB: PRESENT COUNTRY SPECIFIC LIST! RECODE INTO: Roman Catholic Church of England (Protestant) Free Church/Non-Conformist/Evangelical Jew Muslim Hindu Buddhist Orthodox Other (Write in) ......

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SHOW CARD 25 25 Apart from weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often do you attend religious services these days? A B C D E F G H

More than once a week Once a week Once a month Christmas/Easter day Other specific holy days Once a year Less often Never, practically never

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

SHOW CARD 26 26 Apart from weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often did you attend religious services when you were 12 years old? A B C D E F G H

More than once a week Once a week Once a month Christmas/Easter day Other specific holy days Once a year Less often Never, practically never

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

27 Do you personally think it is important to hold a religious service for any of the following events? Yes No

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A B C

Birth Marriage Death

1 1 1

2 2 2

28 Independently of whether you go to church or not, would you say you are ... (Read out reversing order) A B C

A religious person Not a religious person A convinced atheist

1 2 3

29 Generally speaking, do you think that your church is/the churches are giving, in your country, adequate answers to ...(Read out and code one answer for each) NB:For those belonging to a church or a religious community; ask YOUR church/ religious community For those not belonging to a church or religious community ask: THE churches Yes No A The moral problems and needs of the individual 1 2 B The problems of family life 1 2 C People's spiritual needs 1 2 D The social problems facing our country today 1 2 30 Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? (Read out and code one answer for each) Yes No A God 1 2 B Life after death 1 2 C Hell 1 2 D Heaven 1 2 E Sin 1 2 F Telepathy 1 2 31 Do you believe in re-incarnation, that is, that we are born into this world again? A B

Yes No

1 2

31a Which is the most important for you?

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1 2 3 4 5 6 to stick to a particular faith

7 8 9 10 to explore teachings of different religious traditions

31b Do you believe in angels? A B

Yes No

1 2

SHOW CARD 32 32 Which of these statements comes closest to your beliefs? (Code one answer only) A B C D

There is a personal God There is some sort of spirit or life force I don't really know what to think I don't really think there is any sort of spirit, God or life force

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 33 33 And how important is God in your life? Please use this card to indicate - 10 means very important and 1 means not at all important. 1 2 3 Not at all

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 Very

34 Do you find that you get comfort and strength from religion or not? A B

Yes No

1 2

35 Do you take some moments of prayer, meditation or contemplation or something like that? A Yes 1 B No 2 SHOW CARD 36 36 How often do you pray to God outside of religious services? Would you say .... A B

every day more than once a week

1 2

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C D E F G

once a week at least once a month several times a year less often never

3 4 5 6 7

36a Do you believe in supernatural forces, which may be expressed in terms like a Life Force, a Mighty Power, God, a Spirit, a Universal Law, a Cosmic Conscience or a Source of all creation? A B C D

Yes, absolutely Yes, somewhat No, not so much No, not at all

1 2 3 4

37 Do you have a lucky charm such as a mascot or a talisman? A B

Yes No

1 2

SHOW CARD 38 38 Do you believe that a lucky charm such as a mascot or a talisman can protect or help you? 1 2 3 Definitely not

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Definitely yes

38a How often do you consult your horoscope to know about your future? A B C D E

every day at least once a week at least once a month less often never

1 2 3 4 5

38b How often do you take this into account in your daily life? A B C D E

310

always most of the time sometimes not very often never

1 2 3 4 5

SHOW CARD 39 39 How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following: Neither DisAgree Agree agree agree strongly nor disagree A

B

C

D

E

Politicians who do not believe in God are unfit for public office Religious leaders should not influence how people vote in elections It would be better for [Britain] if more people with strong religious beliefs held public office Religious leaders should not influence government decisions If a nurse were asked to help perform a legal abortion, she should be allowed to refuse on religious grounds

Disagree strongly

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SHOW CARD 39a 39a In my opinion, some time should be set aside for prayer, meditation or contemplation in all schools. A B C D E

I strongly agree I agree I don’t agree nor disagree I disagree I strongly disagree

1 2 3 4 5

SHOW CARD 39b 39BShould books and films that attack religions be prohibited by law or should they be allowed? A B C

Definitely should be banned Probably should be banned Probably should be allowed

1 2 3

311

D E

Definitely should be allowed Can’t choose

4 5

SHOW CARD 39c 39c Do you think that the church(es) have an influence on national politics or not? A B C D

Yes, absolutely Yes, I think so No, I don’t think they have No, absolutely not

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 40 40 Here is a list of things which some people think make for a successful marriage. Please tell me, for each one, whether you think it is very important, rather important or not very important for a successful marriage? (Read out each item)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P

Faithfulness An adequate income Being of the same social background Mutual respect and appreciation Shared religious beliefs Good housing Agreement on politics Understanding and tolerance Living apart from your in-laws Happy sexual relationship Sharing household chores Children Being willing to discuss the problems that come up between husband and wife Spending as much time together as possible Talking a lot about mutual interests Same etnic background

Very 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Rather 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Not 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1

2

3

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

41 If someone says a child needs a home with both a father and a mother to grow up happily, would you tend to agree or disagree? A B

312

Tend to agree Tend to disagree

1 2

42 Do you think that a woman has to have children in order to be fulfilled or is this not necessary? A B

Needs children Not necessary

1 2

43 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? (Read out)

Marriage is an outdated institution

Agree Disagree 1 2

44 If a woman wants to have a child as a single parent, but she doesn't want to have a stable relationship with a man, do you approve or disapprove? A B C

Approve Disapprove Depends

1 2 3

SHOW CARD 45 45 How would you feel about the following statements? Do you agree or disagree with them? Neither DisDisAgree Agree agree agree agree strongly nor strongly disagree A A man has to have children in order to be fulfilled 1 2 3 4 5 B A marriage or a long-term stable relationship is necessary to be happy 1 2 3 4 5 SHOW CARD 46 46 People talk about the changing roles of men and women today. For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how much you agree with each. Please use the responses on this card. Strongly Dis- Strongly agree Agree agree disagree A

A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as

313

B C

D E

F

G

H

a mother who does not work A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works A job is alright but what most women really want is a home and children Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person Both the husband and wife should contribute to household income In general, fathers are as well suited to look after their children as mothers Men are less able to handle emotions in relationships than women

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SHOW CARD 47 47 Which of these two statements do you tend to agree with? (Code one answer only) A B

A B

Regardless of what the qualities and faults of ones parents are, one must always love and respect them One does not have the duty to respect and love parents who have not earned it by their behaviour and attitudes Tend to agree with statement A Tend to agree with statement B

1 2

SHOW CARD 48 48 Which of the following statements best describes your views about parents, responsibilities to their children? (Code one only) A B

C

314

Parents' duty is to do their best for their children even at the expense of their own well-being Parents have a life of their own and should not be asked to sacrifice their own well-being for the sake of their children Neither

1

2 3

SHOW CARD 49 49 Here is a list of qualities which children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any, do you consider to be especially important? Please choose up to five? (Code five only) Important A Good manners 1 B Independence 1 C Hard work 1 D Feeling of responsibility 1 E Imagination 1 F Tolerance and respect for other people 1 G Thrift, saving money and things 1 H Determination, perseverance 1 I Religious faith 1 J Unselfishness 1 K Obedience 1 SHOW CARD 50 50 Do you approve or disapprove of abortion under the following circumstances? DisApprove approve A Where the woman is not married 1 2 B Where a married couple does not want to have any more children 1 2 51a How interested would you say you are in politics? A B C D

Very interested Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 51 51 Now I'd like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. Have Done

Might Do

Would Never do

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A B C D E

Signing a petition Joining in boycotts Attending lawful demonstrations Joining unofficial strikes Occupying buildings or factories

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3

SHOW CARD 52 52 Which of these two statements comes closest to your own opinion? A

B

A B C

I find that both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider personal freedom more important, that is, everyone can live in freedom and develop without hindrance Certainly both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider equality more important, that is, that nobody is underprivileged and that social class differences are not so strong Agree with statement A Agree with statement B Neither

1 2 3

SHOW CARD 53 53 In political matters, people talk of `the left' and the `the right'. How would you place your views on this scale, generally speaking? 1 2 Left

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9

10 Right

SHOW CARD 54 54 Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your views on this scale?

A

B

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1 2 3 4 5 6 Individuals should take more responsibility for providing for themselves

7 8 9 10 The state should take more responsibility to ensure that everyone is provided for

1 2 3 4 5 6 People who are unemployed should have to take any job available or lose their unemployment benefits

7 8 9 10 People who are unemployed should have the right to refuse a job they do not want

1 2 3 4 5 6 Competition is good. It stimulates people to work hard and develop new ideas

7 8 9 10 Competition is harmful, it brings out the worst in people

D

1 2 3 4 5 6 The state should give more freedom to firms

7 8 9 10 The state should control firms more effectively

1 2 3 4 5 Incomes should be made more equal

6

E

7 8 9 10 There should be greater incentives for individual effort

1 2 3 4 5 Private ownership of business and industry should be increased

6

7 8 9 10 Government ownership of business and industry should be increased

1 2 3 4 5 Each individual should be responsible for arranging his or her own pension

6

7 8 9 10 The state should be responsible for everyone’s pension

1 2 3 4 5 Each individual should be responsible for arranging his or her own housing

6

7 8 9 10 The state should be responsible for everyone’s housing

C

F

G

H

I

1 2 3 4 5 6 One should be cautious about making major changes in life

7 8 9 10 You will never achieve much unless you act boldly

SHOW CARD 54a 54a On this card are three basic kinds of attitudes vis-à-vis the society we live in. Please choose the one which best describes your own opinion. (Code one only) A B C

The entire way our society is organised must be radically changed by revolutionary action Our society must be gradually improved by reforms Our present society must be valiantly defended against all subversive forces

1 2 3

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SHOW CARD 55 55 There is a lot of talk these days about what the aims of this country should be for the next ten years. On this card are listed some of the goals which different people would give top priority. If you had to choose, which of the things on this card would you say is most important? (Code one answer only) 56 And which would be the next most important? (Code one answer only) First Second Choice Choice A Maintaining order in the nation 1 1 B Giving people more say in important government decisions 2 2 C Fighting rising prices 3 3 D Protecting freedom of speech 4 4 SHOW CARD 56a 56a Of course we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight for your country? A B

Yes No

1 2

SHOW CARD 57 57 Here is a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it were to happen whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind? Don't Good Bad mind A Less emphasis on money and material possessions 1 2 3 B Decrease in the importance of work in our lives 1 2 3 C More emphasis on the development of technology 1 2 3 D Greater emphasis on the development of the individual 1 2 3 E Greater respect for authority 1 2 3 F More emphasis on family life 1 2 3 G A simple and more natural lifestyle 1 2 3 H More power to local authorities 1 2 3

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57a In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will help or harm mankind? A B C

Will help Will harm Some of each

1 2 3

SHOW CARD 58 58 Please look at this card and tell me, for each item listed, how much confidence you have in them, is it a great deal, quite a lot, not very much or none at all? (Code one answer for each item)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

The church The armed forces The education system The press Trade unions The police Parliament Civil service The social security system The European Union NATO United Nations Organization Health care system The justice system Major companies

A great Quite Not very deal a lot much 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

None at all 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

58a Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on international cooperation? Agree Strongly strongly Agree Disagree disagree A [Belgium] cannot solve its environmental problems by itself, but needs to collaborate 1 2 3 4 with international organisations on environment protection B [Belgium] cannot solve its problem of criminality by itself, but needs to collaborate with 1 2 3 4

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C

international police organisations [Belgium] cannot solve its problems of unemployment by itself, but needs to collaborate 1 with international organisations on economic development

2

3

4

59 On the whole are you very satisfied, rather satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the way democracy is developing in our country? A B C D

Very satisfied Rather satisfied Not very satisfied Not at all satisfied

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 60 60 People have different views about the system for governing this country. Here is a scale for rating how well things are going: 1 means very bad; 10 means very good 1 2 Bad

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Very good

SHOW CARD 61 61 Where on this scale would you put the political system as it was ........... [in former communist countries: under communist regime] [in countries where recently a change of regime xx has taken place: under xx regime;] [in countries where no regime change has taken place: ten years ago]? 1 2 Bad

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 Very good

SHOW CARD 62 62 I’m going to describe various types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing this country. For each one, would you say it is a very good, fairly good, fairly bad or very bad way of governing this country? Very

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Fairly Fairly

Very

A

B

C D

Having a strong leader who does not have to bother with parliament and elections Having experts, not government, make decisions according to what they think is best for the country Having the army rule the country Having a democratic political system

good

good

bad

bad

1

2

3

4

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

SHOW CARD 63 63 I’m going to read off some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly, after I read each of them? Agree Dis- Disagree strongly Agree agree strongly A Democracy may have problems but it’s better than any other form of government 1 2 3 4 B In democracy, the economic system runs badly 1 2 3 4 C Democracies are indecisive and have too much squabbling 1 2 3 4 D Democracies aren’t good at maintaining order 1 2 3 4 64 How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays (in our country)? Do you feel there is (read out): A B C D

A lot of respect for individual human rights Some respect Not much respect No respect at all

1 2 3 4

64a In politics, different parties often hold different views. Which do you think is better? A A party leader should stand firm for what he or she believes, even if others disagree or B A party leader should be prepared to cooperate with other groups, even if it means compromising some important beliefs

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A B

Agree most with statement A Agree most with statement B

1 2

64b If you had to choose, which would you say is the most important responsibility of government? A To maintain order in society or B to respect freedom of the individual A B

Agree most with statement A Agree most with statement B

1 2

SHOW CARD 65 65 Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justified, or something in between, using this card. (Read out statements reversing order for alternate contacts.Code one answer for each statement) 1 2 Never A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U

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3

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7

8

9

10 Always

Claiming state benefits which you are not entitled to Cheating on tax if you have the chance Taking and driving away a car belonging to someone else (joyriding) Taking the drug marijuana or hashish Lying in your own interest Married men/women having an affair Someone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties Homosexuality Abortion Divorce Euthanasia (terminating the life of the incurably sick) Suicide Throwing away litter in a public place Driving under the influence of alcohol Paying cash for services to avoid taxes Having casual sex Smoking in public buildings Speeding over the limit in built-up areas Avoiding a fare on public transport Sex under the legal age of consent Prostitution

V Political assassinations W Scientific experiments on human embryos X Genetic manipulation of food stuffs SHOW CARD 66 66 According to you, how many of your compatriots do the following? almost many some almost all none A B C D E F G H I J K

Claiming state benefits to which they are not entitled Cheating on tax if they have the chance Paying cash for services to avoid taxes Taking the drug marijuana or hash Throwing away litter in a public place Speeding over the limit in built-up areas Driving under the influence of alcohol Having casual sex Avoiding a fare on public transport Lying in their own interest Accepting a bribe in the course of their duties

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4

1

2

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4

SHOW CARD 66a 66a Do you fully agree, agree, disagree, fully disagree with the following statements: Stealing food in a shop should be punished less severely if :

A B C

the thief is young the thief is poor the shop is part of a supermarket chain

Agree Agree Disagree strongly Agree nor Disagree strongly disagree 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1

2

3

4

5

SHOW CARD 67 67 Which of these geographical groups would you say you belong to first of all? 68 And the next?

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69 And which do you belong to least of all? A B C D E

First 1 2 3 4 5

Locality or town where you live Region of country where you live Your country as a whole Europe The world as a whole

Next 1 2 3 4 5

Least 1 2 3 4 5

Countries other than UK: Please put in corresponding explanations if necessary) 70 Are you a citizen of Britain? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nation for 'Britain'!) A B

Yes No

1 ------> go to 71 2 ------> go to 72

71 How proud are you to be a British citizen? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nationality for 'British'!) A B C D

Very proud Quite proud Not very proud Not at all proud

1 2 3 4

SHOW CARD 71a 71a Using the responses on this card, could you tell me how much you trust [Britisch] people in general? (Countries other than UK: Please substitute your nationality for `British') A B C D E

Trust them completely Trust them a little Neither trust nor distrust them Do not trust them very much Do not trust them at all

1 2 3 4 5

SHOW CARD 71b 71b There is much talk about what the individual member states of the European Community Union have in common and what makes each one distinct. (Interviewer presents illustration with responses and scale from 1 to 7) A

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Some people say: If the European member states were truly to be

B

united, this would mean the end of their national, historical and cultural identities. Their national economic interests would also be sacrificed. Others say: Only a truly united Europe can protect its states' national, historical and cultural identities and their national economic interests from the challenges of the superpowers.

Which opinion is closest to your own opinion, the first one or the second one? Please use the scale listed.1 would mean that you agree completely with A and 7 would mean that you agree completely with B. The numbers in between allow you to show which of the opinions you tend to agree with, whether you tend to agree more with the one or with the other. 1 A

2

3

4

5

6

7 B

SHOW CARD 72 72 If there was a general election tomorrow, which party would you vote for? (Code one answer under (a) below) 73 If don't know in (a): And which party appeals to you most?(Code one answer under (b) below) COUNTRY SPECIFIC LIST OF POLITICAL PARTIES! a b .. .. I would not vote 96 96 I would cast a blank vote 97 97 SHOW CARD 74 74 How about people from less developed countries coming here to work. Which one of the following do you think the government should do? A B C D

Let anyone come who wants to Let people come as long as there are jobs available Put strict limits on the number of foreigners who can come here Prohibit people coming here from other countries

1 2 3 4

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74a Do you tend to agree or disagree with the following statement: The future is so uncertain that it is best to live from day to day A B

Tend to agree Tend to disagree

1 2

SHOW CARD 75 75 Which of these statements is the nearest to your opinion? A B

For the greater good of society it is better if immigrants maintain their distinct customs and traditions For the greater good of society it is better if immigrants do not maintain their distinct customs and traditions but take over the customs of the country

1

2

SHOW CARD 76 76 In order to be considered "just", what should a society provide? Please tell me for each statement if it is important or unimportant to you. 1 means very important; 5 means not important at all. Very Not at all important 2 3 4 important A Eliminating big inequalities in income between citizens 1 2 3 4 5 B Guaranteeing that basic needs are met for all, in terms of food, housing, cloths,education, health 1 2 3 4 5 C Recognizing people on their merits 1 2 3 4 5 D Giving young people equal opportunity to pursue their 1 2 3 4 5 education irrespective of family income SHOW CARD 77 77 How often do you follow politics in the news on television or on the radio or in the daily papers? A B C D E

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Every day Several times a week Once or twice a week Less often Never

1 2 3 4 5

SHOW CARD 78 78 Can you tell me your opinion on each of the following statements? Neither DisAgree Agree agree agree strongly nor disagree A

B

If someone has information that may help justice be done, generally he or she should give it to authorities People should stick to their own affairs and not show too much interest in what others say or do

Disagree strongly

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

SHOW CARD 79 79 To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of:

A B C D E F

Your immediate family People in your neighbourhood The people of the region you live in Your fellow countrymen Europeans Human kind

Very Much To a Not so much certain much extent 1 2 3 4

Not at all 5

1

2

3

4

5

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

SHOW CARD 80 80 To what extent do you feel concerned about the living conditions of: Very Much To a Much certain extent A B

Elderly people in your country Unemployed people in your country

Not so much

Not at all

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

327

C D

Immigrants in your country Sick and disabled people in your country

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

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4

5

SHOW CARD 81 81 Would you be prepared to actually do something to improve the conditions of: Abso- Yes Maybe No Abolutely yes/ lutely yes maybe No No A Your immediate family 1 2 3 4 5 B People in your neighbourhood/community 1 2 3 4 5 C Elderly people in your country 1 2 3 4 5 D Immigrants in your country 1 2 3 4 5 E Sick and disabled people in your country 1 2 3 4 5 INTERVIEWER: ONLY those who have absolutely yes or yes on 81c! SHOW CARD 82 82 There can be several reasons to do something to help the elderly people your country. Please tell me for each of the reasons I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not. (Code an answer for each reason). To a Very certain Not so Not at much Much extent much all A Because you feel you have a moral duty to help 1 2 3 4 5 B Because you sympathize with them 1 2 3 4 5 C Because it is in the interest of society 1 2 3 4 5 D Because it is in your own interest 1 2 3 4 5 E To do something in return 1 2 3 4 5

328

INTERVIEWER: ONLY those who have absolutely yes or yes on 81d! SHOW CARD 83 83 There can be several reasons to do something to help immigrants in your country. Please tell me for each of the reasons I am going to read out, if they apply to you or not? (Code an answer for each reason) To a Very certain Not so Not at much Much extent much all A Because you feel you have a moral duty to help 1 2 3 4 5 B Because you sympathize with them 1 2 3 4 5 C Because it is in the interest of society 1 2 3 4 5 D Because it is in your own interest 1 2 3 4 5 E To do something in return 1 2 3 4 5

INCLUDE COUNTRY-SPECIFIC QUESTIONS HERE ASK ALL DEMOGRAPHICS 84 Sex of respondent A male B female

1 2

85 Can you tell me your year of birth, please 19.. 86 Whether you are married or not: Do you live in a stable relationship with a partner? A B

Yes No

1 2 ------> go to 88

87 Are you legally married to this partner?

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A B

Yes No Not applicable

1 2 -3

88 Did you ever live in a stable relationship before, i.e. without being married? A Yes 1 B No 2 Not applicable -3 89 What is your current legal marital status? A B C D E

Married Widowed Divorced Separated Never married

1 2 3 -----> go to 91 4 5 -----> go to 91

90 Have you ever been divorced? A Yes 1 B No 2 91 How many children, including deceased children, have you yourself ever had? .... (write in) 92 How many people, including yourself, are currently living in your household? A B C D

Aged 18 and over Aged between 13 and 17 Aged between 5 and 12 Under 5

...... ...... ...... ......

93 At what age did you (or will you) complete your full time education, either at school or at an institution of higher education? Please exclude apprenticeships. (Interviewer instruction: If respondent is still at school, ask: at what age do you expect you will have completed your education?) (Write in age) ........ 94 What is the highest level you have reached in your education? To be measured as detailed as possible on national level and to be transformed into this variable:

330

A B C D E F G H

Inadequately completed elementary education Completed (compulsory) elementary education (Compulsory) elementary education and basic vocational qualification Secondary, intermediate vocational qualification Secondary, intermediate general qualification Full secondary, maturity level certificate Higher education – lower-level tertiary certificate Higher education – upper-level tertiary certificate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

95 Do you live with your parents? A Yes 1 B No 2 96 Are you yourself employed now or not? If yes: About how many hours a week? (If more than one job: only for the main job) Has paid employment 30 hours a week or more Less than 30 hours a week Self employed If no paid employment Retired/pensioned Housewife not otherwise employed Student Unemployed Other (Please specify) ..................

1 2 3 -----> go to 100 4 ----> go to 101 5 ----> go to 105 6 ----> go to 105 7 ----> go to 104 8 ----> go to 105

97 In your present job, do you supervise anyone who is directly responsible to you? A Yes 1 B No 2 ----->go to 101 98 How many people do you supervise? ...... (write in number) 99 How many other people usually work for the organization? ........ (write in number) ----->go to 101 100 How many employees do you have? ...... (write in number) 101 In which profession/industry do you or did you work? (If more than one job: the main job) (Write in) .......

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Code according to ISCO88 102 What is/was your job below)..........................

there?

(Write

in

103 a Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees b Employer/manager of establishment with less then 10 employees c professional worker (lawyer, accountant, teacher etc.) d Middle level non-manual - office worker etc. e Junior level non-manual - office worker etc. f Foreman and supervisor g Skilled manual worker h Semi-skilled manual worker i Unskilled manual worker j Farmer: employer, manager on own account k Agricultural worker l Member of armed forces m Never had a job

and

code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

104 And for how long are you unemployed? A Less than half a year 1 B Between half a year and one year 2 C One year 3 D Between one and two years 4 E Two years 5 F More than two years 6 105 Are you the chief wage earner? A B

Yes No

1 ------>110 2

106 Is the chief wage earner employed now or not? A Yes 1 B No 2 107 In which profession/industry does/did he (she) work? (Write in) ................... Code according to ISCO88 ..........................

332

108 What is/was his/her ...............................

job?

(Write

in

and

code

109 a Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees b Employer/manager of establishment with less then 10 employees c professional worker (lawyer, accountant, teacher etc.) d Middle level non-manual - office worker etc. e Junior level non-manual - office worker etc. f Foreman and supervisor g Skilled manual worker h Semi-skilled manual worker i Unskilled manual worker j Farmer: employer, manager on own account k Agricultural worker l Member of armed forces m Never had a job

below)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

ASK ALL SHOW INCOME CARD 110 Here is a scale of incomes and we would like to know in what group your household is, counting all wages, salaries, pensions and other incomes that come in. Just give the letter of the group your household falls into, after taxes and other deductions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110a Interviewer code by yourself Socio-ecomonic status of respondent A AB (upper, uppr-middle class) B C1 (middle, non-manual workers) C C2 (manual workers -skilled, semi-skilled) D DE (manual workers -unskilled, unemployed)

1 2 3 4

111 Town where the interview was conducted. (Please write in) ......... NB: ZIP code and/or official statistical code for place of living 112 Size of town Under 2.000

1

2 - 5.000

2

333

5 - 10.000 20 - 50.000 100 - 500.000

3 5 7

10 - 20.000 50 - 100.000 500.000 and more

4 6 8

113 Region: (Please write in) ......................... (code + label) Date of the interview:.............(day , month) Total length of interview ...........Hours ...........Minutes 114 A B C

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During the interview the respondent was ... Very interested 1 Somewhat interested 2 Not very interested 3

EVS Methodology Representative national samples were interviewed in all countries. The quality of the samples varies from country to country. With the exception of Greece, in all countries surveys were carried out by experienced professional survey organizations. In all countries, the surveys were performed trough face-to-face interviews among samples of all adult citizens aged 18 years and older. No upper age limit was imposed. Guidelines for the surveys were provided by the coordinating organisation at Tilburg University and in order to get standardized information on the surveys in the various countries, the national representatives had to complete a methodological questionnaire. This questionnaire, developed by the EVS methodology group, provides detailed information on the translation of the questionnaire, the sampling procedures, fieldwork, weighting, national codes, the inclusion of optional and country-specific questions, etc. This detailed information is summarized below. The countries are now in alphabetical order and we used the two letter country abbreviations that are commonly used in internet addresses. For Great Britain the two letter country abbreviation is UK.

335

Translation, pretests

1.

Was the EVS questionnaire translated or adapted in any way from the English master questionnaire?

yes

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it

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x x x x x

no 2a.

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x

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Who carried out the translation of the questionnaire? 1. A specialist translator 2. A member of the research team at

be

1 2

by

cz

x x x*

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* At: * Dk: * Fi: * Fr: * Hu: * Ic:

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German questionnaire was used. The Danish research team + two graduate students. Researchers who translate Eurobarometer-surveys. Final translation has been checked by an American consultant in sociological research. Formulations of the EVS1991 questionnaire were generally preserved. Three members of the research team translated the new questions independently and after some debate decided on the final wording. Questions and items from the previous waves remained the same. * Lt: Back translation and checking - by the professional interpreter. The master questionnaire was compared with the questionnaire from 1990 and 1996. * Lu: Language specialist * Ro: Members of the research team translated parts of the questionnaire. The translations were discussed in the research team. * Ua: Use was made of the Russian version. A professional translator translated the questionnaire from English into Ukrainian and a member of the research team translated the questionnaire from Ukrainian into Russian. The two Russian versions were compared and after that the Ukrainian and Russian versions were checked with the English version.

337

2b.

Was the translated questionnaire then back-translated into English? at yes

na

no

na

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* Hu: And checked with the German version.

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Was the translated questionnaire pre-tested? at

338

Lv

yes

na

no

na

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de

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IF‘YES’: How was the questionnaire pre-tested? How many pre-tests were carried out? By: 2 pre-tests: by a specialist translator and a member of the research team Cz: Twice: during the preparation period and in a Standard Pilot study (the final version). Ee: Two pre-tests, one in Estonian and one in Russian language. Es: 30 interviews, in several locations in Spain. Fi: Five pre-interviews done by researchers. Fr: 20 interviews. Results were briefed and debriefed. Gr: 50 pre-tests on a pilot sample. Problems with items were discussed in the research team and items were rephrased, etc. Hr: 32 pre-tests were carried out. Hu: 70 interviews in different social milieus. Ic: Members of the research team tested the questionnaire on relatives and friends. About 18 pre-tests were done on people between the ages of 20 to 63. It: 180 pre-tests. Lt: 10 interviews. Lv: 10 interviews. Nl: 50 interviews conducted among students from Tilburg University. Interviewers were students experienced in interviewing. Ro: 6 undergraduate students in sociology conducted 20 interviews in 6 localities, 3 in rural and 3 in urban area, located in 6 Romanian counties. The localities differed also in terms of size and development (access to facilities, wealth, job opportunities etc) and the interviewed persons

339

Se: Sk: Ua:

differed in terms of education, age, and income. Pretested by the interview organiser (mainly to check time and discover ‘bad’ questions). Intelligibility of questions and length of the interview was pre-tested on 10 respondents of different age and education. Both the Ukrainian and Russian versions of the questionnaire have been tested in 20 interviews among potential respondents in the city of Kyiv, small towns and villages in the Kyiv Oblast. The respondents differed in gender, age and educational level.

2e.

Were there any questions or concepts that caused particular problems when being translated into your language? at

be

yes

na

no

na

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it

lt

yes no

bu

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cz

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IF ‘YES’: Which questions or concepts caused particular problems?

340

fr

x

na x

fi

x

x

sl

hu

x

ir na

x

x

na

sk

ua

uk

x

na

x x

ic

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Bu:

Dk: Ee: Es: Fr: Gr: Hr: It: Lv: Ro: Sl: Ua:

3.

341

q22, q24a. The term ‘denomination’ - not applicable to Muslims q58_a. ‘The church’ - not applicable to Muslims q94. Th wording of levels of education in Bulgarian q42, q45_a, q60, q61, q66_a, q76_c, q94 q5_f. There are no problems with ‘racial equality’ in Estonia. ‘Ethnicity’ cannot be used in Estonia. q94. Due to the different education system and other education levels in Estonia q82_b, q82_e, q83_b, q83_e were difficult to deal with. q46_h Questions 101 to 104 caused some confusion, since Greeks are, ‘by law’, adherents of the Christian Orthodox church. q39c: because the Catholic church is dominant, the wording - “church/es” has a different meaning. Singular was used. The interviewers were instructed to specify Catholic Church when respondent asked “which one”? q32 Personal God, v161 handle emotions q39_a, q39_b, q39_c, 139_d, q52, q57, q71, q75, q91, q103, q109 Three concepts caused some problems: immigration (at very low level in Romania), the environment protection (not a current public discussion theme in Romania), and the item on ‘avoiding taxes’ q65_b (very common in Romania). q46_h - ‘handle emotions in relationships’ q65_o - ‘paying cash for services to avoid taxes’ The English terms “sometimes” and “not very often” have very similar meanings.

Did you use other questionnaires to make the EVS questionnaire 1. the German questionnaire

2. 3.

the French questionnaire Other at

1

be

cz

de

dk

ee

es

fi

fr

gr

hu

ic

ir

no

no

x

x

it

lt

x

no

no

x

x

x

no

no

no

no

no

no

lu

lv

mt

ni

nl

pl

pt

ro

ru

se

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uk

no

no

no

x

x

no

x

no

x

no

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no

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2

x x

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In case of other, which one? Cz: The Czech version of 1991. De: English Master questionnaire, student questionnaire on solidarity developed by Prof. Bierhoff. Dk: Norwegian and Swedish It: Only for German speaking people of South Tirol.

342

hr

x

3

3

by

x

2

1

bu

Lt: Lu: Nl: Pl: Ro: Se: Sk: Ua:

The Russian questionnaire. The Portuguese questionnaire. ‘New’ questions and items were discussed with Belgian colleagues. The 1990 EVS Polish questionnaire. The 1993 and 1997 Romanian versions of World Value Survey. The Danish questionnaire. The Czech questionnaire. The Russian questionnaire.

Compulsory, optional, country specific questions

4.

Have any optional EVS questions and/or items been included?

yes no

at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi

fr gr hr hu ic ir

it

lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk

x

x

x

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x x

x

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Which one: At: q13_p, q13_q, q16a, q20a, q31a, q31b, q36a, q38b, q39_e, q39a, q39b, q39c, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, 54a, 56a, 57a, 58_k, q58_o, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q66a, q71a, q71b, q74a, q76_d, q110a, q114 Be: q31a, q36a, q51a, q58a, and some additional items in some questions Bu: q13_p, q20_c, q20a, q38a, q39a, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q51_h

343

Cz: q13_p,q16a, q38a, q38b, q39a, q39c, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, q54a, q58_k, q58_o, q64a, q64b, q65s, q65t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k , q71bq76_d, q110a De: q20a, q31b, q38a, q38b, q39_e, q39b, q39c, q50a, q54_f, q56a, q57a, q58_k, q58_o, q65_s, q65_x, q66_i, q66_k, q66a, q71a, q74a Dk: q16a, q20a, q40_p, q51a, q58_k, q58a, q65_s, q66_i, q66a, q71a Ee: q20a, q36a, q38a, q38b, q40_p, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, q58_k, q74a Es: q13_p, q13_q, q20_c, q40_p, q51a, q58_k, q58_o, q64a, q64b, q65_u, q65_w, q65_x, q74a, q110a, q114 Fi: q20a, q31a, q31b, q38a, q38b, q39_e, q39c, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, q56a, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q76_d Fr: q31a, q31b, q38b, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q56a, q58_o, q65_s, q110a, q114 Gr: q7_o: This question was the basis for 7 questions about ‘culture specific’ groups such as Albanians, Polish, Kurds, re-migrants, etc.. Although the target groups differ, the basic question remains the same. Other optional questions used: q38a, q38b, q40_p, q51a, q58_k, q58_o, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x. Hr: q13_p, q13_q, q38a, q38b, q39_e, q39c, q40_p, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q56a, q57a, q58_k, q58_o, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q76_d Ic: q13_p, q13_q, q16a, q31b, q38a, q38b, q39c, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_i, q57a, q58_k, q58_o, q64b, q65_w, q65_x, q66_j, q66_k, q71a, q76_d, q114 Ir: q16a, q39_e, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q57a, q64a, q65_t, q65_u, q65_w It: q13_p, q13_q, q16a, q20_c, q20a, q31a, q31b, q38a, q38b, q39_e, q39a, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_i, q54a, q56a, q57a, q58_k, q58_o, q58a, q65_s, q65_u, q65_w, q66_k, q71a, q71b, q74a, q76_d, q110a, q114 Lt: All optional questions, except q7_o and q20_c. Instead of these, specific ones for Lithuania were included. Lu: q13_p, q13_q, q20a, q31a, q39c, q51a, q54_e, q54_g, q56a, q58_k, q58_o, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q65_w, q65_x, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q71a, q110a, q114 Lv: q40_p, q58_k, Mt: q40_p, q58_kq110a, q114 Ni: q16a, q39_e, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q57a, q64a, q65_t, q65_u, q65_w, q65_x

344

Nl: Pl: Pt: Ro: Ru:

q13_p, q36a, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q58_k, q58a, q65_s, q65_w, q65_x q58a q40_p, q51a, q54_f, q54_g, q58_k, q58_o q39c, q40_p, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q56a, q58_k, q65_uq76_d, q114 q16a, q20_c, q20a, q36a, q38a, q38b, q39b, q39c, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, q54a, q56a, q58_k, q58_o, q58a, q64a, q64b, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q74a, q76_d Se: q20a, q57a, q58_k, q58aq110a Sl: q16a, q20_c, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_g, q54a, q56a, q57a, q58_k, q64a, q65_t, q65_u, q65_w, q65_x, q66a, q76_d, q114 Sk: q39_e, q40_p, q58_k,q71b, q76_d, q110a Ua: q16a, q20_c, q20a, q36a, q38a, q38b, q39b, q39c, q40_p, q51a, q54_e, q54_f, q54_g, q54_h, q54_i, q54a, q56a, q58_k, q58_o, q58a_a, q58a_b, q58a_c, q64a, q64b, q65_s, q65_t, q65_u, q65_v, q66_i, q66_j, q66_k, q74a, q76_d

345

5.

Were country-specific questions, and/or items i. e. neither compulsory nor optional EVS questions, included in the survey? 1. No country-specific questions included 2. Country-specific questions were included at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1 2

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If country-specific questions were included, were they located at the end of the questionnaire, just before the demographics?

yes no

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x

x

If not: where were the country specific questions located? Bu: c1 - between q100 and q101 Cz: a) confidence in Senat was added to the list of q58 b) a question was added on voting in the last general election in 1998 - this question is a part of the voting preference battery. c) In the demographic section a question on the average total income of the family was included. d) At the very end of interview two questions were added: on the social class they feel they belong. De: Some are placed in the middle of the questionnaire, but most at the end of the questionnaire. Dk: Some are at various points in the questionnaire. Ee: One item was added after item a of q7. ‘Different nationality’ (in the meaning of ethnicity). Also included after q83_e, just before the demographics and item on nationality (in the meaning of ethnicity). Value labels for this question are: 1 Estonian, 2 Other nationality ( in the meaning of ethnicity). Hr: Education of respondent’s father and mother were recorded within the question of respondents education q94. Ir: Some were added as items in composite questions at various points in the questionnaire, but most were added just before the demographics. It: One question about political coalitions preference, between q73 and q74; the others are at the end before the demographics. Lt: Instead of q7-o was used c1 and instead of q20_c was used c2. Lu: few items included before q71; others before demographics and some at the end of the questionnaire.

347

Lv: The country -specific questions were included at the very end of questionnaire (after the demographics). Mt: Most questions related to an additional dimension to an already existing EVS question. Therefore they were placed near/after the EVS question/subject they pertained to. Ni: Some were added as items in composite questions at various points in the questionnaire, but most were added just before the demographics. Nl: Except for one item all nation specific questions were included at the end of the questionnaire. One item was added to question 57 at the end of the list. Pl: q51a, q72, q73, q94, q94a, q96, q96a, q96b, q110a Pt: c1 - after q2, c2&c3 - after q7, c4&c5 - after q13, c6 - after q40, c7 - after q50, c8 to v12 - after q51, c13 to v15 - after q77, c16 to c21 - end of questionnaire Ro: S1 - after q7, S2 - after q16, S3coal - after q73, S19, S20 - after q85, S21 - before q92, the rest of the specific questions were included at the end of the questionnaire. Se: The questionnaire included several items from the WVS-questionnaire. These were included at their location in the combined EVS-WVSquestionnaire. Ua: c1: “Visit parties, dancing, discos, café”, c2: “Hobbies”, c3: “Running own business”. They are placed after q1_f. c4: “Cabinet of Ministers (Government)”, c5: “President of Ukraine”. They are placed after q58_g. Several items included in demographics.. Uk: q6, q20, q51a, q54, q57a, q71a were included before the end of the questionnaire. q83a, q83b, q83c, q83d were included just before the demographics. q97, q98, q99, q100, q113 were included in the demographics.

7.

348

Were all questions asked in the prescribed order?

at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi Fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk ye x s

x

x

x

x

no

8.

na

x

x

na x

x

X na x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na

Were all core EVS questions included in your questionnaire (by core we mean all items except those that were optional)? 1. No - some question(s) from EVS questionnaire not included 2. No - some demographic question(s) not included 3. Yes - all questions included at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr 1

na

na

2

na x

na

3 x x

349

x x

x na

x

hr hu i ir it l l l mt ni nl p pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk l t u v c

X x x na x

x x

x

x

x

x x x x x x

x

x

x

x x x x

x

x x

x

x

9.

Which items were not included and why?

Dk: q94: appears from three questions, included just before country specific questions. q90: Instead of q90 it was asked: How many times have you been married? Response categories: 1 Once; 2 Twice; 3 Three times or more. Combining these responses with the response to the question on marital status (q89) the answer to the question: Have you ever been divorced? can be deduced. As a result the variable q90 was formulated from q89 and the country specific question: How many times have you been married? (incl. at the very end of the data material). The answer possibility ‘never married’ is coded as ‘not applicable’ (-3). Hu: q97-q100: originally it was intended to carry out the study in December 1998 - January 1999. Pre-tests were made this time. Only financing problems delayed the survey. Pre-tests were made by a version of the questionnaire, which did not contain these questions. Unfortunately no corrections were made. Ir: q82 and q83 were dropped; also q88 - see re q86-q89 below). q82-q83: Questionnaire had become too long because of addition of country-specific items. A number of demographic items were reformulated because the original items were unsuitable or unclear. Specifically: q86-q89 (partnership status/history): the flow of questions as originally formulated was complex and, in Irish conditions, the interpretations of the term ‘stable relationship’ could be unclear (how long does a relationship have to persist in order for it to be called stable; if a ‘stable relationship’ has come to an end (q88), can it be called ‘stable’?). These items were reformulated in order to give a primary focus to current status and to establish whether married couples had lived with their spouses prior to marriage (new q87 and Irl26). q96: This item was broken into two separate items, Irl28 and Irl29, and subsequently derived as follows: if (Irl28=1 or Irl28=3) and Irl29=1 q96=1; if (Irl28=1 or Irl28=3) and Irl29=2 q96=2; if Irl28=2 q96=3; If Irl28=5 q96=4; if Irl28=6 q96=5; if Irl28=7 q96=6; if Irl28=4 q6=7. q110 to q103, q107 to q109: these items were insufficiently detailed to allow for proper ISCO88 and NACE coding (and also seemed to regard ISCO88 as both an occupational and industrial coding). They were reformulated as v311 and v317 (nature of job, coded to ISCO88), Irl30 and Irl31 (for farmers, size of farm), v30x and v31x (NACE classification). q104 was shifted to follow Irl28 (the original q96). q111 (name of town) and q113 (name of region) were dropped as unnecessary.

350

Ni: Ro: Se: Sl: Ua:

See Ir. The question on citizenship (q70). q26, q36, q45_a, q69, q82, q83, q97, q98, q99, q100, q101, q104, q107, q111: economic reasons. q57_d, q66 (q36 was put in old version): omission by mistake. Town interview (q111).

Sampling 10.

Was the sample designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i. e. 18 years and older, of your country? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

11.

351

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na x na

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

If not, which groups were excluded from, under-represented or over-represented in your sample design?

x x

x x

x

x

x

Excluded Ic: The sample was 18 years to 80 years old. Ro: Non-Romanian citizens. (they are very few, and the sampling procedure is not allowing their selection) Se: Excluded: aged 76 and above. Sl: Institutionalized persons (army barracks, homes for elderly people, prisons, monasteries, mental institutions etc.).

12.

What was the lower age cut-off for your sample? 1. 18 2. other 3. no cut off at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1 2 3

352

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na x na

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

13.

Was there any upper age cut-off for your sample? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

x x

x

x

x

na x

x

x

x

x

x

na x

x x

x x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

If there was an upper age cut-off, specify: By: Cz: Ic: Lv: Se:

14. At:

81 75 80 75 75

What were the different stages in sampling procedure? multi-stage, stratified, clustered address random sample by Deming, Sudman, Cochran and Kish. Stratification by region, county, size of communities. Random selection of sample points. Random selection of addresses, within the sample points. Target person selection within the household using Kish method. Be: Two stage sampling procedure. Primary units: districts; secondary units: addresses. Proportional selection of primary units (dependent upon population size). Replacement of addresses which are not inhabited. Random selection of addresses within the primary units. Selection of respondent: persons 18 years or older who most recently had his anniversary. Bu: Two stages. First step: A statistical region has been used as a cluster. After the Census in 1992 a mother-sample of 10000 statistical regions has

353

By: Cz: De: Dk: Ee: Es:

Fi:

354

been formed. From this mother-sample has been formed the sample of the first stage of the survey with a random selection with a probability proportional to the size of the primary units. Second stage - a street (block of flats) has been selected in the primary unit - in this street (block of flats) a definite number of addresses (flats) have been visited. From each address (flat) one respondent of 18 years or older has been selected for interview - using the method of the closest forthcoming date of birth. (1) Belarus, (2) Oblast, (3) Place of living (city, oblast centre, region centre, other town, village), (4) street, (5) House/building, (6) flat, (7) respondent. Three stage sampling within 29 strata: Census Units, household, person. (1) Gebiedsauswahl: selection of 400 sample points, (2) selection of households (Haushaltsauswahl): random route in sample point, (3) selection of respondent in households with more than one person older than 18 years old: Kish selection grid. The sampling procedure was based on simple extraction. Two stage sampling procedure: in the first stage - proportional probability sample, on the last stage - random-route method. The sample has been drawn from the population aged 18 years or over resident in Spanish municipalities, considering a number of 1,200 interviews as the total sample size. Multi-stage, random (semi-probabilistic) sampling procedure, stratified by means of conglomerates (in terms of region - Comunidad Autónoma- and population size). The sampling points were randomly drawn with probability proportional to population. Then districts and census sections (the lowest administrative unit) were randomly drawn to get starting addresses. Addresses were then selected by standard random route procedures, from the initial address: a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 7 interviews are allowed by route. Within each household, the respondent is selected at random, although quotas by gender and age have been settled in order to guarantee that the sample is representative of the population, in terms of these both variables. All interviews are conducted face-to-face in people’s home and in any of the languages used in Spain: Castilian, Catalan, Basque or Galician.

Multi-stage stratified sample excluding Åland (Ahvenanmaa) covering all administrative districts in Finland. At the second stage the number of

persons targeted in each administrative district is determined by type of commune or town; towns are classified small or big by their number of inhabitants and the rural communes in three classes by their economic structure. The towns and communes selected make a representative regional sample. At the third stage a certain number of starting addresses is drawn from each targeted town or commune depending on the number of inhabitants. The interviews are made by a random start method. Six subsequent interviews are made from each randomly sampled starting address. From every target household one person is selected who satisfied the criteria set for sex and age. Fr: A sample of 1615 people has been drawn from French population of 18 years and older on the basis of census from INSEE. Sample has been drawn by method of quota sampling after stratification according to region (ZEAT from INSEE) and size of town (<5.000 inhabitants, 5.000 to 19.999, 20.000 to 100.000, 100.000 and more, agglomeration of Paris). Gr: See 17. Hr: Two stage probability sampling: 1. From a list of all towns/villages in Croatia that was sorted by administrative districts and degree of urbanisation, 63 locations were selected. In each location 16 interviews (systematic selection) were conducted. Some minor corrections were made to adjust for urban representation of each county. More than one sampling points were made in larger cities (e.g., Zagreb had 10 sampling points) 2. From list of addresses in each location respondents were selected randomly within the household using the Throdal and Carter method (balancing gender and age). Hu: 1. Selection of sampling points: the city-districts of the capital, other cities and villages were separated. In the capital all districts were included. In villages under 10.000 inhabitants at least 10 persons (+addresses for replacements) had to be selected. In larger settlements, the number of the interviews was defined in relation with the size of the town of city. 2. Random selection of addresses. Addresses were not chosen by the interviewer, but fixed in preparatory procedure. Ic: A random sample from the National Register.

Ir:

355

Two-stage probability clustered sample, drawn from the Electoral Register. This source is the official listing of all those aged 18 and over in the

It:

Lt:

population, though it is subject to some error as citizens are not legally obliged to register or to update their registration in the light of change of address or deaths in the household. In addition, as the address system in the country has not been modernised, it is sometimes difficult to match addresses in the register with dwellings on the ground. The register contains 2.7 million named individuals and their addresses. The ESRI’s RANSAM programme was used to extract the sample. The sampling proceeded in the following steps. Step 1: District Electoral Divisions (rural areas) and Wards (urban areas) were clustered into spatially contiguous geographical areas, with a minimum cluster size of 1,000 population per area (there are 3,243 District Electoral Divisions and Wards in the country). These clusters formed the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Step 2: 105 PSUs were randomly selected (first sampling stage). Step 3: A random sample of 18 named individuals was selected from each the 105 PSUs, by means of systematic selection from random start (thus yielding equal probability of selection of individuals). This yielded an initial listing of 1890 names and addresses. 1. Stratification by region (18) and in every region stratification by dimension of communes (6 classes), sex (2 classes) and age (3 classes). 2. In each region causal (taking into consideration the distribution of communes in the regions) selection of communes (total 141). 3. In each commune causal selection in electoral lists of individuals. Lithuania was divided into 10 administrative regions according to the official administrative structure of the country. In each region, the proportion of permanent residents, aged 18+ in the settlements of different size (up to 2.000 inhabitants; 2.000-10.000; 10.000-20.000; 20.00050.000; 50.000-100.000;100.000-500.000; main 5 cities) was established. In each region the number of the settlements was established and in each type of the settlements the number of interviews was proportional to the share of population aged 18+ in such type of the settlements. The settlements were selected in each region at random from the list of the settlements. PSU were designed in such a way, that in rural area and small towns in one PSU 6 interviews were carried out, and in cities - 12 interviews per PSU were carried out. Major cities were divided into administrative districts, which were described as PSU. The respondents were selected using Kish table for male and female sub-samples separately. Random route methodology was applied, in rural area interviewing in each 5th house, one respondent per house; in cities respondents were interviewed in each 10th house, one respondent per building. The survey was carried out in Lithuanian and Russian languages. Respondent was asked to choose the language of the interview.

Lu: Information available in French from the EVS secretariat.

356

Lv: In the first stage, Latvia was divided in five regions (capital city and four regions), and nine units, where five units represent cities and towns, and four parishes. Within each unit the percentages of respondents is determined by the size of the unit. Using a random number, the sample points have been selected. In the second stage the route method has been used. Addresses for starting points has been selected from register of inhabitants. In the third stage, the respondent was selected using the principle of “youngest man’. If no man in the house, then ‘youngest woman’. Mt: Random selection from a file containing all registered voters of the Maltese islands (18 years and over). The selected respondents were then allocated to interviewers. Ni: The survey was implemented using a two-stage probability based sample utilising probability proportionate to size (PPS). This design was chosen to ensure coverage, on a probability proportionate to size (PPS) basis, across the 26 local government districts (LGD’s) in Northern Ireland. Fifteen wards were selected to represent Belfast - Belfast is unique in that it has nearly three times the number of electors of the next largest district - and 4 wards to represent each of the other 25 districts. In stage one of the sample process, the required number of wards was selected from each LGD using a random number procedure. In stage two, a subfile of Postal Address Files (PAF) containing all the addresses for the 115 wards chosen was created. The PAF is produced by the Royal Mail and is acknowledged as a comprehensive listing of all addresses in Northern Ireland. Based on the PAF subfile, a number of addresses were randomly drawn from each ward, the number being determined according to the adult population of that ward as identified by the 1991 census. To ensure that all individuals within each selected household had an equal chance of being selected, interviewers used a Kish Grid. Nl: 1. selection of postal addresses in 12 regions. 2. a-select sample of postal addresses. Selection of respondent: first person in the household of 18 years or older who had most recent birthday.

357

Pl:

1. Degree random selection units - National Census districts from the Central Statistical Office (GUS). 2. Degree random selection units - households. 3. Degree random selection units - adults. Pt: 1 - stratification by region and habitat; 2 - the sample was defined in order to be proportional to the population. Ro: 1. Selection of the localities (stratified sampling procedure). The stratification criteria were: the socio-cultural area (18 areas identified starting from their degree of economic and human development and their administrative unit), and the size of the locality (for towns: less than 10.000; 10.000-50.000; 50.000-200.000: 200.000+ inhabitants; and for villages: under 3.865 and more than 3.865 inhabitants (3.865 is the median size of a village in Romania)). The number of interviews in each locality was determined proportional with the distribution of the population in the 18*6 strata obtained by combining the two criteria mentioned above; strata with less than 7 interviews were redistributed to the nearest stratum. 2. Selection of the election sections: in each locality people were interviewed from 1, 2 or 3 election section, randomly selected from the election lists- the lists of people of voting age from each locality are organized by sections. The selection of these sections was random. 3. Selection of the subjects was random from the election lists. Two different lists were extracted: one contained the exact number of names (and addresses) of the people that should be interviewed in the respective locality. The second one, 0.75 from the length of the first, was a list of ‘reserves’. In case someone from the first list was temporarily out of the locality, had moved to an other address, died, not able to answer because of his illness, refuse to answer, the address is incorrect etc., this person was replaced with the first available reserve from the list. These lists (the only ones available in Romania at reasonable costs) are actualized every 4 year, in the electoral years. The list we used was 3 years old, so many addresses were not correct. Ru: 1st stage - administrative districts (rayons) and separate cities equivalent to administrative districts; 2nd stage - town and rural administrations; 3rd stage - voting districts in towns and settlements in rural administrations. 4th stage - households (apartments); 5th stage - a respondent.

358

Se: Sl:

two-stage sample: 1. Municipalities/regions, 2. Respondents. Systematic multi-stage sample with random start of adults aged 18 years or older living at non-institutional address in Slovenia is based on Central Register of Population. 140 PSU (primary sampling units) and 420 SSU (secondary sampling units) are formed, with names and addresses of persons in final clusters. A replacement procedure is used for non-responses. Halves of sample with every second person selected were used for the EVS survey and another survey (not EVS). Sk: 1. Selection of 8 regions and selection of settlements within the regions. 2. Defining the number of households in the settlements based on the size of population. Selection of households within the localities using the method of ‘random walk’. Ua: 100 voting stations were selected randomly (random figure method) from the national list of the voting stations. In the second stage, 20 named individuals have been selected by systematic selection. Uk: CACI Information Solutions ranks 459 towns and cities by a ‘Household Income Index.’ 50 of these locations were identified (approximately every 9th) over England, Scotland and Wales and 20 interviews conducted at each location in order to represent a breadth of type of location. Quota controls were imposed regarding Gender of respondent (minimum 40 % and maximum 60% Males and Females) and interviewers were instructed to work between the hours of 2pm and 8 pm and at weekends. Otherwise interviews were obtained by means of a Random Walk method being adopted.

15.

359

What was the final number of clusters or sampling points? at

be

bu

by

cz

de

dk

ee

es

fi

fr

gr

hr

hu

ic

ir

320

127

100

56

na

400

0

168

276

173 na

na

68

102

0

105

16.

it

lt

lu

lv

mt

ni

141

105

253

102

1000 115

nl

pl

pt

ro

ru

12

250

155

130 226

se

sl

sk

ua

uk

51

420

220

100 50

What was the sampled unit from office sampling? 1. Address 2. Household 3. Named individual 4. Other at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1

x

x

x

2

na x

x

3 4

x

x x

x

x

x

na x x

x

x

na x

x

na

x x

x

x

x x

If named individual was not the sample unit, please specify method of selecting respondent: Au: Kish grid. Be: Last birthday rule. Bu: The method of the closest forthcoming date of birth.

360

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x x

Cz: The first part of the sample was directed to the previously interviewed persons address of the building and the number of apartments were available in the office. The number of apartment in row within the building (based on sampling from frame) Kish tables - on the part of the sample controlled by quota. De: Kish grid. Ee: In the towns - starting address, taking youngest person in the household, gender by quota. In the country - gender, age and education by quota. Es: Random route procedures, with quotas on gender and age. Fi: From every target household such a person is selected as meets the requirements for sex and age criteria instructed. Fr: Quota selection. Gr: Begin at random corner, start at right side of street, choose 3rd residence, ground floor. Interview. Continue, choose 3rd residence, 2nd floor, choose apartment on right of lift (at same number of floors or less, choose ground floor). Interview. At end of block, turn left and choose left side of street, choose 3nd residence, etc. Hr: Troldhal & Carter. Hu: Kish - method. Lt: Random route, Kish table. Lu: Random route + quota corrected. Lv: The respondent has been chosen using the principle ‘youngest man’, when interviewer first of all asks to participate in survey the youngest man at home, and if there are no man- then youngest woman. Ni: To ensure that all individuals within each selected household had an equal chance of being selected, interviewers used a Kish Grid. In other words, at each selected address those eligible to participate in the survey (aged 18+) were recorded on the interview schedule and, via a random number procedure, one individual from each household was selected for interview. Given that the methodology is household based and, therefore, individuals in smaller households will have a greater chance of being selected as compared to those in larger households, a weight variable (WT) which controls for household size, is also included in the data set. Nl: Last birthday rule (same procedure as in 1981 and 1990). Pl: Kish Method.

361

Pt: Ru: Sk: Uk:

The last birthday rule. Kish’s cards. Kish-gird method, selection of respondent within the household, based on the number of adults and number of adult men. Person aged 18+ at home at time of call; minimum Male/Female quotas were applied.

18.

Were any quota controls on the type of individual selected to take part in the survey (e.g. age or sex controls)? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

x x

x

x

x

x x

x

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x

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x

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x x

If quota controls: what controls? Cz: Sex and age and education and economic activity. The quota were used to balance the significant discrepancies that appeared in first wave of data collection. Ee: Age, sex and education of respondents. Es: Quotas on gender and age. Fi: Age and sex. Fr: Respondents were selected only if they matched the quotas given to interviewers. Hu: Interviewers looked for persons with prescribed sex and age-group at the given address. If such a persons did not live at this address, the use of a reserve-address was prescribed. There the procedure had to be repeated. The interviewers were continually and in all cases controlled. It: Only for stratification of the sample; substitutions were selected respecting stratification (with some minor adaptation for organizational reasons).

362

Lt: Lu: Sk: UK:

Kish table applied separately for male and female samples; respondents under 18 years of age not interviewed. Age, sex, profession, nationality. Gender and age. male minimum: 40%; female maximum: 60%.

20.

Was substitution permitted at any stage of your selection process or during fieldwork? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it yes no

21.

x x

x

x x

x x

x

x

x

x

na x na

x

x x

x

lt

lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk

x

x x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x x

x

x

na na

If yes, in what way was substitution permitted?

Be: Only if address was considered lost, it was replaced by the closest address. Lost means: nobody living at that address; refusal; nobody home after 2 attempts. Bu: By continuing the visits to the addresses in the street (flats in the block of flats) until the definite number of respondents in the sampling unit has been reached. Cz: In the second part of the sample, the random selection continued until the quota and number of respondents were completed. Dk: The total number of interviews in the first random sampling was very low. Only 610 persons were interviewed based on drawing 1049 persons, generating a response rate of 58,2%. A second random sampling of 754 persons was drawn of which only 413 persons were interviewed, that is a response rate of 54,8%. Es: No substitutions stricto sensu. If at the fixed address no individual fitted the quota specifications, the interviewer went to the next address. If it

363

Fi: Fr: Hr: Hu:

It: Lt: Mt: Ni: Nl: Ro: Ru: Sl: Sk: Ua:

364

was an apartment house, the instruction was to go downstairs from the upper floor. Outside in the street, the interviewer must always go to the right to the next address until the quota is accomplished in the cluster (usually 4 to 6 individuals per cluster). If refusal, some other person in the household who fits to the quotas substituted a person who refuses. Any respondent fitting an appropriate quota profile could be interviewed instead of somebody with same quotas who did not want to participate in the survey. Reserve addresses were drawn to substitute original addresses. Interviewer had to contact at least three times in different days and hours the original addresses. After the third failure, resp. if the interview was refused, a replacement-address had to be used. Interviewers started their work with 50% replacement-addresses, which they had to use in prescribed order. By causal selection from electoral lists, respecting age-sex characters of the lacking individual. Names of substitutes was available only to the organization responsible, who controls the motives for substitution. Up to 3 call-backs were applied in order to achieve the interview with selected respondent. If after 3rd call-back respondent was not reached, the interviewer was proceeding further using random route method. Outright refusal by respondent, change of address, never at home, sick, abroad, etc. Where the required number of interviews in a given ward were not achieved owing to refusals, incorrect addresses etc, interviewers were permitted to introduce an appropriate number of reserve addresses provided that the required number of call backs had been made. Extra addresses were randomly selected in the 12 regions because the total number of interviews required (1000) could not be achieved on the basis of the first random selection of addresses. In case of death, refusal or in case that the sampled individual had moved. Additional addresses are selected at the forth stage from the data base. Substitute units were selected by the same probability procedure as basic sample unit. If the selected respondent was not present, the interviewer had to make two other attempts to meet him/her. In case of failure, household was substituted by taking the next household living in the right neighbouring house-apartment. Substitution was allowed only when the voting station was an army base or hospital. This occurred 3 times. If the respondents died or had moved, he/she had to be substituted, which occurred 65 times.

22.

Did you use any stratification factors when drawing the sample? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

23.

na x x

na

x x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x x

x x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

If stratification factors were used, what were they and at what stage(s) of selection?

Bu: Factor ‘town - village’ - in the first stage of selection. Cz: Region and size of the town (except for Prague) - 29 strata. De: I is proportional stratified sample, east Germany/West Germany: each 1000 interviews, proportional stratification on BIK - categories and state (Bundesland) Ee: Proportional probability sample and random-route method with quota by age, sex and education. Es: Region and population size. Fi: See question 14. Fr: Region and size of town were used to design the sample and select appropriate sampling points. Gr: Age, gender and occupational status (working vs non-working) were used at initial description of expected sample characteristics. Hu: Settlement + Sex + age-group. It: First stage: region and in each region demographic characteristics of commune, sex and age. Second stage: after selection of the communes, the individuals were selected taking into account the previous strata distributing as best as possible the age-sex strata in each commune.

365

Lt: Lu: Lv: Ni:

The administrative regions and size of the settlement. Communities. The density of population in different areas in Latvia. In the first stage the sample was stratified by Local Government District (Councils) of which there are 26 in Northern Ireland. In the second stage the sample was stratified by Local Government Ward. Nl: In the additional selection of addresses, only regions which were under represented in the realized sample, were selected to draw addresses from. Pl: Macro-region: category of place - 12 macro-regions x 4 categories (village, big city, medium town, small town). Pt: Two factors were used: - NUTES (North, Centre, Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo and Algarve); HABITAT (less than 2.000; 2.000-10.000; 10.000-30.000; 30.000-100.000; more than 100.000). Ro: The socio-cultural area (18 areas), the size of the locality (4 types of towns, 2 types of villages). See question 14. Ru: 1st stage - geographical placement and a size of central settlement in administrative district. 2nd stage- size of town. Uk: 50 sample points chosen to represent the broad band of ‘household wealth’ across UK (excluding N Ireland)

24.

What are the known limitations of your realized sample?

Bu: % of response according to addresses visited - 74% % of response according to selected respondents - 88% Cz: Factors of non-response bias are unknown and unidentifiable. De: 1. Women slightly under-represented 2. Middle-aged respondents are slightly under-represented Ee: Non-response: 1893 : 2898 x 100%=65%

366

Gr: Hr: Ir:

Differential coverage for educational level and age groups. Possible exclusion of lower educated and older respondents. Not measurable in percentages. Excluding from the initial list of 1890 selected names the 144 addresses which could not be located, the 51 deceased persons and 67 sick and incapacitated, the initial valid sample numbered 1628 persons. The 1012 full productive interviews from this sample represents a response rate of 62.2%. There is no evidence of significant systematic bias in the achieved sample, apart from a certain under-representation of young adults (see q. 41 below) (the under-representation is particularly concentrated among single males aged under 25). Lu: Lower social classes; very active individuals. Ni: There is no significant over or under-representation of key sub groups when compared with parallel sources of data. Nl: From the 2866 selected addresses, 37 appeared empty or otherwise wrong, 80 selected respondents too sick or incapacitated and 212 not available during survey, the valid sample size was: 2537. From these 2537, 1004 full productive interviews were realized which is a response rate of 39.6%. Pl: There were some difficulties conducting interviews in cities with a population over 5.000.000 - it mainly concerns young people up to 34 years age. However, this fact, as well as the unequal probability of selection of different household members, were taken into account in the weighting process. Pt: In order to get a representative sample, near 50% of the interviews were made in habitats with less than 2.000 hab. Some problems came up, such as a level of non-responses and refusals higher than expected. Ro: Older and lower educated people present a higher non-response rate at the opinion items, especially when the interview last more than 30 minutes (like in the present case). Se: There is a slight geographical bias in the sample. Sl: Institutionalized population not included. Sk: Lower coverage of Roma (Gypsy) population caused by lack of valid addresses. Ua: Men appeared to be more difficult to approach than women, particularly men aged 30-40 in the big cities. High incomes groups are underrepresented.

367

24a. Response rates

1

1

at

be

bu

by

cz

de

dk

ee

es

fi

fr

gr

hr

hu

ic

ir

77

na

see above

na

65

42

57

see above

13*

na

42

82

54

87.5

65.5

62

it

lt

lu

lv

mt

ni

nl

pl

pt

ro

ru

se

sl

sk

ua

uk

68*

75*

73

x*

na

68.4

39.6

73

na

na

72.9 41

53

95

66

80

*Es: Response rate is 13.1 if calculated from all issued addresses (9,155). The response rate is 24.6 if categories and l) nobody within the quota requirement are not counted. *It: Raw non response rate: 32%. Non response rate with high probability to produce some distortion: 14.5%. *Lt: This is common for this type of surveys in Lithuania in 1998-1999. *Lv: Non-response in different age groups: 18-24 5% 25-34 20% 35-49 31% 50-64 25% 65-75 15% Undefinable age 4% Non-response in different gender groups: female 65%, male 35% 25. Details about sample and non-response 1

368

Total number of starting names/addresses

c) empty, no private dwellings

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

369

addresses which could not be traced at all addresses established as empty, demolished or containing no private dwellings selected respondent too sick/incapacitated to participate selected respondent away during survey period selected respondent had inadequate understanding of language of survey no contact at selected address no contact with selected person refusal at selected address proxy refusal (on behalf of selected respondent) personal refusal by selected respondent other type of unproductive (please write in full details in the box below) full productive interview partial productive interview

at 1

be

1920

29

4

9

881

5

cz

de

dk

80

486

7

ee

es

fi

fr

29

78

21

28

8

24

76

66

14

gr

hr

hu

24

887

480

62

2

28

6

29

67

399

256

195

2

264

3

7

86

902

3

59

2920 290

24

8

27

111

3

17

1012 71

98

9

181

13

73

529

1

2

149

109

65

407

527

105

29

40

ic

11

26

144

21

19

67

197

33

21

22 194

212

1

50 545

1976 211 6

292

125

175

74

12

27

13

1485 1912 1000 1000 1908 2036 1017 1005 1200 1038 1615 1142 1008 1000 967

14

1

13

10

6

479

258

266

11

443

ir

1400 1869 1467 1500 1890 13

6

10

370

by

1346 1486 3590 3609 1803 2898 9115 2174 na

2 3

bu

999

245

108

3985

5

102

9

429

328

25

63*

1

1012 10

26.

If other reasons, what reasons?

At: Be: By: Cz: De: Dk: Ee: Es: Hu:

Interview not finished; household without person with necessary characteristics. Appointments not resulting in interviews, sampling point complete, timing elapsed etc. 1. not in the mood (15), 2. no time/busy (68), 3. not interested (10), 4. the topic is unattractive (12) The difference of 3620 and 2920 is in out-of-scopes (empty apartments and buildings, long-term absenceetc.). Not completely answered questionnaires or contact reports. Unsuccessful interviews, imprisonment, psychiatric care. Nationality (ethnicity) doesn’t suite (749); Sex doesn’t suite (250); Nobody in the household within the quota requirement. The three attempts for a contact (in all cases with previous written message) were unsuccessful. Nobody could have been met at the given address. Deceased=4, interviewer error=3, reason not recorded by interviewer=18. Of the 63 ‘other unproductive’, 51 were deceased.

Ic: Ir:

371

it 1

lt

lu

lv

mt

pl

pt

58

3

63

626

32

ro

ru

se

sl

sk

ua

uk

63

22

32

31

14

134

17

4

7

5

72

214

2

297

nil

33

485

104

8

178

98

95

446

nil

6

50

177

10

5

160

87

37

16

1

nil

66

60

120

68

576

8 9

27

10 10 11 280

29

37

6

27

70

6

1146 74

50

4

12

nl

2640 1279 2028 2175 1376 1463 2866 1500 2551 1200 3431 2500 1890 1400 1800

2

7

ni

5

80

20

212

259

313

127

nil

192

1179 74

59

128

22

7

354

28

625 275

43 50

20 585

16 95 720

61 323

181

7

91

39

150

20

238

3

7

13 2000 1018 1017 1012 1000 1000 1004 1095 1000 1138 2500 1015 1006 1331 1195 1000 14

372

1

nil

26

8

3

26.

If other reasons, what reasons?

Lu: Lv: Mt: Nl: Pt: Ro: Ua:

Interrupted, stopped interviews. Refused (48), in 80 cases the potential respondent did not belong to the age group as prescribed. Moved/ in a home/ left home (14); Passed away (6); Not eligible (MISCO interviewer) (1); ‘no go’ area (1). Too many interviews; too old; person hospitalized; no reason. Not in the mood (43), no time (120), not willing to answer (527), not interested on the issues (30). 114: moved to another address than the knew one, 64: dead, 2: in prison, 1: is satisfying the military service. The respondent’s death or service in the Armed Forces.

Fieldwork 27.

If interviews were not face-to-face, please specify the way of interviewing:

Ic:

face to face 74%; by phone 26% Phone interviews were used if respondents lived in remote parts of Iceland and with respondents who refused to be interviewed by any other method. Few weeks after the survey started a newspaper article appeared about the dangers of admitting strangers into your home. They might be potential burglars. Several categories of people were mentioned and amongst them young people posing as interviewers for a value survey. After there was a huge increase in refusals and in respondents insisting on the interview being conducted by phone rather than face to face. The same procedure was used in all phone interviews. The cards were sent by post so the respondents had them in front of them during the interview.

373

28a. Were interviewers paid according to performance?

yes

at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi

fr

gr hr hu ic ir

it

lt

lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk

x

x

na x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

no

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na

x

x

x

x

x*

*Se: Paid by hours worked

28b. Which, if any, of these rules governed how an interviewer approached an individual/address/household? 1.

Calls must be made at different times of day

2. 3.

Calls must be made on different days of week Neither of the above at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1

x

2

x

3

374

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

na x

x

x

x

x

x

na

x

x

x

x

x

na

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x*

*Uk: Not applicable since not pre-selected. However, interviewers were instructed to work 2pm - 8pm and at week ends. 28c. Were interviewers required to make a certain number of re-calls before they stopped approaching and individual, address or household? 1 Minimum number of re-calls 2. No minimum re-call at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1 2

5

1

3

3

5 x

3

3

3

na 1 x

x

na

3*

3* x

3 x

3

1

3

4

3 x

3

3

3

6

5

3

2

na na

*Hu: Interviewers were obliged to visit, if necessary, three times the given address. Before each visit at least one message - a successful call, or a written message - was required. *Ir: Max. 4 calls in total.

375

28d. Were any interviews supervised? 1. Yes, + approximate proportion 2. No at

be bu 100

1 2 x

by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it 10

x

na x

x

33

5

na x

10*

10

x

lt

x

lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 5

x

x* x

10 10 4

10

x

x

x

x

5 x

x

4

x

*Hu: Plus a 100% mechanical control - during the days of the interviewing and mostly on the spot - of the completeness of the answers for the questions of the questionnaire. *Ir: All interviewers undergo extensive training prior to fieldwork. 28e. Were any interviews back-checked? 1. Yes, + approximate proportion 2. No

1 2

376

at

be

bu

30

16

5

by

x

cz

x

de

dk

ee

es

fi

fr

gr

hr

hu

20

5

10

5

5

na

na

6*

10

na

ic

ir 5

x

1

it

lt

lu

lv

mt

ni

20

10

10

15

15

10

2

nl

x

pl

pt

ro

ru

se

sl

sk

ua

uk

na

24

10

15

20

65*

15

10

5

na

*Hr: At least one control on 16 interviewers made on one location. *Sl: Follow-up short control questionnaires were sent to all respondents. Estimated proportion of returned control questionnaires.

29.

Name of institute which did the fieldwork

At: Be: Bu: By: Cz: De: Dk: Ee: Es: Fi: Fr: Gr: Hr:

Fessel - GIK Austria Nationaal instituut voor dataverzameling Institute of Sociology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences The Centre of Political and Sociological Researches of Belarussian State University SC&C, Ltd, Statistical Consultations and Computing. INFAS SFI - The Danish national institute of social research Saar Poll Ltd. Data, S.A. SUOMEN GALLUP OY (Gallup Finland) Research International Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, The University of Athens. Market Research Agency “Target”.

377

Hu: Ic: Ir: It: Lt: Lu: Lv: Mt: Ni: Nl: Pl: Pt: Ro: Ru: Se: Sl: Sk: Ua:

Szonda-Ipsos Média-, Vélemény - és Piackutató Intézet Attila u. 93., H - 1012 Budapest The Institute of Social Research at the University of Iceland. The Survey Unit, The Economic and Social Research Institute, 4 Burlington Road, Dublin 4. Centro Ricerche Sociali di Moncini G. e C. SaS, Milano Baltic Surveys Ltd. ILRES Market Research Latvia Social Research Centre MISCO International Ltd. Research and Evalutation Services, 637 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7GT, Nothern Ireland. Survey data, Tilburg CBOS - Public Opinion Research Centre Euroteste - Marketing E Opinião, S.A. The research institute for the quality of life ROMIR, Moscow, Russia ARS - research AB Public Opinion and Mass Communications Research Center, faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. Agentúra MVK, s.r.o., Groesslingova 6-8, 814 07 Bratislava Social Monitoring Centre (NGO) and Ukrainian Institute for Social Research. There is a common National Interviewer’s Network and Field Work Department. Uk: Quality Fieldwork & Research Services

378

Data 30.

Were any measures of coding reliability employed? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

x

x x

na x x

na

x x

x

x

x

na na x

x

x

x

x

x

x* x

x

x* x

x x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

*Mt: Nearly all questions were pre-coded. 30a. If yes, which one? At: 15% back-check. Bu: The coding already done has been checked by a different member of the coding team. Some back-check has also been done by the research team. Es: Editing 100% questionnaires, keying verification, hole count checking. Fi: Re-coding. Hu: After coding and production of a first file logical control of the allowed and the factual values. Ic: All coding was double coded by two members of the research team. Ir: Cross-coder checking at point of data entry. All data were entered using BLAISE system, which allowed checks for cross-variable consistency and range values, etc. It: A program with admissible codes. Lt: Coding was done by the supervisors responsible for the regions and then checked by the fieldwork manager as well as data department.

379

Mt: Pt: Sk: Uk:

The only questions requiring coding were based on established code frames (Eg. ISCO88, size of locality). Data’s logic consistency was checked both using a computer program and individual verification. Double coding of ISCO88 codes. A 10% manual re-check of coded data was employed.

31.

Were the data from the questionnaire keyed to the interview (that is, non-CAPI surveys)?

yes

at

be

x

x

no

yes no

it

lt

x*

x

bu

by

cz

de

dk

na

x*

x

x

na

lu

lv

mt

ni

nl

pl

x

x

x

na

x

x

es

x

na

fi

fr

x

x

*De: Computer program with definition of valid values. *It: Only for codes not yet printed in questionnaire.

380

ee

gr

hr

na

hu x

x

x

na

x

pt

ro

ru

se

sl

sk

x

na

x

x

x

x

na

Ic

ir x

X Ua

uk x

X

32.

If data keyed, was keying verified? 1. Yes, + approximate proportion 2. No

1

at

be

100

10

2

1 2

it

lt

x*

100

bu

by

cz

de

ee

es

fi

fr

50 na

na

na

na

x

na

lu

lv

mt

ni

nl

pl

10

x*

na

100

na

x

*It: Verification only for education and profession. *Mt: Yes through data input programme in-built checks.

381

dk

na

gr

hr

na na

na

na

x

pt

ro

ru

se

sl

100

na na

hu

Ic

10

100 x

sk

Ua

100 x

x

x

ir

uk 100

Na

33.

Were any reliability checks made on derived interviews? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes

x

na

no

34.

na x x

x

na

na x

x

na x

na x x

x

x

na

x

x

x

na x

x

x

na x

na x x

x

na

x x

x

x

x

Were data checked/edited to ensure that filter instructions were followed correctly? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes x no

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na x x

na

x

x

x*

x

x

x

x*

*Ir: Manual editing and checking of all questionnaires plus BLAISE data entry checks. *It: Yes, only for profession.

382

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

35.

Were data checked/edited for logic or consistency? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

no

36.

na x x

x

x

na

na

x

x

x

x

x

x

na x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

Were data checked/edited to ensure they fell within permitted coding ranges? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes x

x

x

x

no

37.

x

x

x

x

x

na x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na

Were errors corrected individually or automatically (through, for example, a ‘forced’ edit)?

1. Yes - individual correction 2. Yes - automatic correction 3. No - not corrected

383

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk 1

x

x

2

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na na x

x

x

na na

3

38.

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

na na

Did you add a weight variable? at be bu by cz de dk ee es fi fr gr hr hu ic ir it lt lu lv mt ni nl pl pt ro ru se sl sk ua uk yes no

x

x x

x x

x

x x

x x

x

x

x x

x x

x x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

39.

Description of weighting or post-stratification strategy used.

At: Bu: Cz: De:

Correcting for combination of Bundesland, size of town, sex, age, occupation. The data were weighted for gender, age, and education. Age, marital status, education, economic activity, and region were used in post stratification weighting. Design weighting: weight to correct the disproportional sample size of East and West Germany. Weight to correct the different probabilities of

384

getting one and more person households. Optional: weight to correct the under-representation of men. Ee: Data file was weighted by sex, age and education. Fi: Sex, age, region. Fr: Sex and marital status. Gr: Three (alternative) weighting variables were added to the data file. A weighting factor for each of the three stratification variables (age, gender and educational level) was computed on the basis of sampling deviations from Greek population distributions (1991 census). Hr: Based on census 1991. More recent data are not available. During 1992 - 1998 (war period) some areas were devastated and depopulated. Some refugees stayed within Croatia, some fled to Yugoslavia, EU etc. Refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina became citizens of Croatia on the principle of nationality. Their number is unknown, but can be estimated at 5 -10% of the total population of Croatia (225.000-450.000 on 4.500.000 total). We relied on the strictness of the sampling procedure and comparisons with other surveys. The obtained social structure is congruent with post stratification usual in social sciences. Those surveys were within margins of sampling error in comparison within election results. Hu: The distribution of population according to age-group, gender, type of settlement and education-group - as based on the census 1990 and corrected by 01.01.1999 micro census - was re-established with the help of an iterative mathematical procedure. Ir: The sample was weighted by sex, age and education based on population totals from the 1997 Labour Force Survey. The weighting categories used were as follows: Sex: male/female; Age: 18-19 years*; 20-29 years; 30-44 years; 45-64 years; 65 years or over; Education: Lower secondary or below; higher secondary; third level. * the 18-19 year-old category was derived from Labour Force Survey data by taking two-fifths of the 15-19 category. Lt: Weight-factor to correct for gender, age, size of settlement, and education, based on data from the statistics office data for January, 1999. Lu: Weight factor to correct for age, sex, nationality, occupation, and region. Ni: The data were weighted for household size using control totals derived from the 1991 census. Nl: Sample is weighted by the combination of sex, age and region. The categories of the combination sex/age were dependent upon the region. Pl: Weight factor takes into account: - unequal probability of selection; - different degrees of realisation in different place categories; - GUS (the Central Statistical Office) statistical data for ex-post stratification in the town/city - village and sex distinction in five age categories.

385

Pt: A cross-table of the following variables was made: age group, sex, education degree, region x habitat. Ru: For weighting the statistic matrix - urban/rural residence by gender by age group - for the population of 18+ on January 1, 1998 was used. The weight variable was calculated for each cell as % of the population divide by the % of the sample. The weighted distributions of urban/rural residence, gender and age group fully correspond to the statistics of 1998. Unfortunately, there are no relevant statistics about education level and marital status in Russia, so those characteristics were not included into weighting. Se: See answer to question 24. Sk: Weight variable we computed taking into account gender, age and educational level. The weight of each case was computed as WEIGHT=(F/f)*(n/N), where N=4023200 (respondents above the age of 18 in December 1998 taken from the Statistical Office), n=1331, F=frequency of the population category in the Statistical Office Yearbook the case belongs to, f=the parallel frequency in the EVS-Slovakia sample. Ua: Weight procedure by age and sex in according to statistical data.

386

Publications based on the 1999/2000 EVS surveys

Abela, A.M. (2000) Values of Women and Men in the Maltese Islands: A Comparative European Perspective. Malta: Commission for the Advancement of Women, Ministry for Social Policy. Abela, A.M. (2000) ‘Values for the year 2000'. Pp. 522-527 in: S.J.A. Clews (ed). Malta Year Book 2000. Malta: De La Salle Publications. Abela, A. M. (2001) Youth Participation in Voluntary Organisations in Malta, A comparative analysis of European Values Studies. Malta: Parliamentary Secretariat, Ministry of Education. Baloban, J., I. Rimac, G. Crpic et al. (2000) ‘Europsko istrazivanje vredenota - evs-1999, podatci za republiku hrvatsku’ (The European Value Study in Croatia EVS 1999, Partial Report). Bogoslovska Smotra 70: 173-503. Bréchon, P. (ed.) (2000) Les valeurs des Français. Evolutions de 1980 à 2000. Paris: Armand Colin. Denz, H., C. Friesl, R. Polak, R. Zuba, P. Zulehner (2001) Die Konfliktgesellschaft - Wertewandel in Österreich 1990-2000. Wien: Czernin Verlag Dobbelaere, K., M. Elchardus, J. Kerkhofs, L. Voyé, B. Bawin-Legros (2000) Verloren zekerheid: De Belgen en hun waarden, overtuigingen en houdingen (Lost certainties: Belgians and their values, convictions and attitudes). Tielt: Lannoo. Elzo, J., F.A. Orizo , J. González-Anleo , P. Gonzaléz Blasco , M.T. Laespada, L. Salazar (1999) Jóvenes Españoles 99. Madrid: Fundación Santa María. Elzo, J., F.A. Orizo (eds.) (2000) Espana 2000, entre el localismo y la globalidad. Madrid: Fundación Santa María. Geciene, I. (2000) ‘Gyvenimo kokybe Lietuvoje 1990 ir 1999 metais’ (Life Quality in Lithuania: 1990-1999), Kulturologija 6: 278-294 (in Lithuanian. Summary in English, p. 525).

387

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