The Inception, Organization and Functions of Headquarters, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR YOReI'. tUSTORICAL RESEARCH A GENC\l (AFHRA) MA-XWELL AlR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA Augtl...

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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

AIR YOReI'. tUSTORICAL RESEARCH A GENC\l (AFHRA)

MA-XWELL AlR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA

Augtl$t 26, 2009

FOlA 2009~03268-F KFI # 2009-65674

AFHRAIRSA 600 Chennault Circle

Maxwdl AJ-:a, AL 36112-6424 USA

Mr. John Greenewald. Jr.

Dear Mr. Greenc'.vaJd.

This i5. in response to your Freedom of Infomlation Act (FOIA) request received in th is office on 25 August 2009 pertaining to the document with IRIS nllmber 00214615, Inception. Org(lni=lJliol1. and FUllctions of Headquarters. As a FOTA request. it has been oss igned the identification of20 09-03268-F. Thl:: A ir Force Historical Res<arcb

Agency {AFHRA) has assigned it the Request fOf rnfonnntion (RFJ) ml m~er of 2009-6567-1.

A s requested. I han~ copied and enclosed the docu ment with IR IS Number 002]4615. Please be addsed that under the Freedom oflnfonnation ACl you can be charged S.l5 per page copied. The first 100 pt1ges are prilvitled 1u you for fr~c. H(lwever, the document you requested is a total of 107 pages. The TOtal that you owe for the rcmaining 7 pages is SI.05. Please send a check or mOlle), order l>3yable to AFO MAXWELL AFB. Mail the check or money order 10: AFHRAlRSA ATTN: ForFOTA 600 Chennault Circle Maxwell ArB, AL 36112-6424

Ir is my pleasure wel l.

lL'

giYe you any information \....e have nnd my sincere hope that the infonnation provided serves you

Respectfully'.

LLlIJUf'1lL

Cathy Cox rchivist AFHRiV esearch Enclosure:

1. Copy of original RFI (requesl for infonnatl(ln)

Cop)' of document w ith IRIS number 002 14615

FOlA 2009-03268-F Dear Sir, This is a non-commercial request made under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C. S 552. Pursuant to the U. S. OPEN Records Act of2007, my FOIA requester status as a "representative afthe news media" -. a status entitling me to an unlimited search processing my request, and the first 100 pages free of charge. For examples of my various publication credits in this regard, I refer you to my radio network, and my own personal radio show (syndicated on FM and AM stations) at http://www.blackvaultradio.com. Myinternet website http://www,thcblackvault.com which holds a vast government document database, along with many freelance articles that I have written, which have also been published in magazines and websites, including

OpEdNews.com, UFO Magazine, FATE Magazine, and others. Additionally. since the document is listed as under 100 pages, it should not incur a charge.

I respectfully request a copy of the following document: IRIS Number: 00214615 Main: INCEPTION, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF HEADQUART Call: 519.01 V.I CHAPTER I

If the document is considered currently and properly classified. I respectfully request a mandatory declassification review (MDR) of the document, as it is more than 25 years old and should be considered for declassification. Thank you so much for your time, and I am very much looking forward to your response. Please know that

~lectronic delivery of the requested material or correspondence related to this case is preferred and accepted in heu of paper copies via snail mail. .

Sincerely. John Greenewald, Jr.

,

,

IRIS Public Record

\

.' .

Key Info~lill Main:

INCEPTION, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF HEADQUART Rcvd:

Dcxument Type:

Rei

CaUNumber:

519.01 V.l CHAPTER 1

lndcxer ID: 05

Entered Date:

IRIS Number:

00214615

QeID,

QC'd Dale::

Scanner ID: ,",eID

Scanned Date:

Accessions Noles: Old Accession Nbr: 2-5220-15

Title: Beginning Date: End Date:

1945101101

Publication Date:

1945/05/28

Classification

Ace Date:

1942101101

UNCUS

Roll II: 6539 Old MFlm Roll. A5S19

Media

NUMPAGE

1987nD126

rtf'St Frame:

1208

Last Prune:

1315

Linear Feet.:

0

Audio Rec:

99

Title ~xtensions:

VOL 1. CHAPTER 1 AbSlract TIllS STUDY DEALS WITHo TIm DIVISIONS BY DIREcrORATE; TIm FUNcrJON OF TIm DEPIITY COMMANDING GENERAL FOR OPERATIONS; TIm DIREcrORATE OF WEATIiER SERVICES; TIlE DIRECTORATE OF PLANS; INTER·AllIED RELATIONS; AND ANGLO-AMERICAN COOPERATION. VOLUME AND CHAPTER. NUMBER SUPPLIED. ITEM IS A STUDY DONE BY TIm mSTORlCAL SEcrJON, USSTAF.

TIlle Added

Entries Author: Subjecl: Major Command: OocLink:

Administrative Markings No Administrative Markings Listed Security Review Information:

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•

.. ,. THE

ORGAljIZATIOII,

~~EPTION ,

AND FUNCTIONS Of' f!FJ,tQUARTmB,

11.S . S'l'RATEGIG AIR FORCES IN .j!\JROPE. .

28

I'f"""

U,S .

St".t~gic

l/ay

,

1945

, li .

Air Force. in

·liistor1~.1

..

~ppe

S~ot1011.

•

rt

J-

, , 'r

TABLE'

Of

CONTtNIS i

,

•

.

.

• J

Foreword

Tho

1

D~yi.1on ~ peput~••

"

The p1reQtorate o~ Cperat1on8

The

Directo r.~.

of

The DireQtor at Air

Control or

The

..

Dlrecto;,a~e

1

••• 31

Po.t - Ho.t1l1t~ •• · P~annin8 Act~v1t1e9

.

., .. 4i.

for.tha

Ge~

t ,• •

63

of !nt.U1g.no.

• ••

6.5

•

,

•

• 'IIn p~e.enting~h. following

,

•

U.S . Strategic Air :ForceB in

~pe,.

~

anything beyolXl

wl><\~

draft of wbet w$

the H1.topioa~ Soction ,

!loes not

.l.~

that it 18

it purport. to be, • first prel11llj.Dary

!:row to

~,"

,

etudl,

be tho '.toq of "T/I. IDeept1o~, Or-

Ail" " . Forces 1n Europe ." . :Tha~ it 1.Q a t~~~e.' of 1~pe+rect~ons' is ganj.'Z~tion, and 'Fwl,q:t;iaQs ot. fie.ac;iq~erf$ , U, Sf St.rat~gif!

--

'.

.

~

tll<,rougl>lY ,eali.ed . : Chapter~ "hieh ~ine - " 1t .." agraed that the writing of .'

this

pre~1a1~x;r. ' dra~

that the deadline Qq~plet04 e~d

wow,\i , be

woUld

accompli~bed

b. 28 IIay 1945 -~

in one

'fid not

wee~

and

permit to be

included are: DivisiQn PY:. ;Du'ectorates .The . . , ,

of

The Function tpe Deputy Colljl;llllding

. General tor Operat.ionp :rbe p:I..J'eotor::ate at Weather ServiQe8 Th~

Directorate of Plans

Inter -"~l1ed

Relatione: Cooperation '

t

Aliglo- M'ePican

\

A reviaed narratIve, Pre11m1pary Draft No, 2 , whioh it is . ,

,

,

hoped will 4tppepr "lt~j.ll a montn" wiU cont~~n the fo.U.ow1pg; .

.

-

-

TJle ~ric8n Strategic Concept in the . ~rall Strategy 0(- W8:Th~ Ide.

o£ an

~rioan Over~ll

,~lr. ComaltU~e.r · 1p tn.~

.The Orig+D

of the

' in Europe

- 1

Str.tegic

,E11ropean l'ar

u. ~. ~tr8tegic

Air Forces

I

I

..

The Division

~

Deputie.

The Division by Directorates The Function of the Deputy Commanding General for Operattons The DireQtoret~ of OperatloQs The Dif"ectorate of Iptelliflence

The Dtrectofate of Weather Services The

Du-e .ator8~e

of flans

The

D~ea~orate

of Post- HOstilities Planning

The Dirsctor of Air Operations tor the CO,ntro~

Relat~o.ns

of GBrmany

with

Organ1z~tions

OutBide the

. u.s . Strategic Air Forces in Europe

Frame~ork

The Chief of Staff Seqretarist

The Function of the Deputy Commanding Genersl for Administration The Directorate of Communications The Directorate of Med ical Services.

The

Dlre~tor8te

Qf Personnel

The Plrectorate of Armament ·

The Separation of the 'Air Command ~n Europe

Technic~l

SerVice

Inter-Allied Relations: Cooperation

Anglo ~ Ame~ican

Jnter -Allied R~lations : Cooperation

RU88o -American

New int'orl!l&tion, as ue ll as suggestions and correction!1"J 1s urgently required to perfect this narrative . tion of all concerned is

invit~d.

9

\

The fullest coopers

, "

,

,, (

,

:P.rel1uin~ri ·

In ttl\,:

C!l£..llt,G - O\c:r

to tha U.:... . ... cr.. tc.t,ic .4r

j'OICE;S

5 tri kiOl; c..l.ld DOS tor1Linc 1 ~~t - up ~der

ot

L

fr a..: v .!J•• .r..J.Y

dc~

in

~.1r

huro~

Draft No .1

Lot-ces ' 1n the U.i\:.

perhq:s th", ;;:ost

I

:.rtuxu f rot» the

~1oJ ;ACl

II .~. s tdf

hoc.dq,u.:.l' t ers roE- S t t...:. di visio:) cf rus,!JOnsi bili tics t

the e ot:Llcndlni;. g:mu rLl t l& tr.ceil t 9 0 de:.;·u t1 ... 5 . one for

Opel££tiOl.l!3 &..'14 OIlv tor al.m1nistrLtiO!l .

Tilis unorthodc·x i:nd

U:UqUb oraUli'Z!.tio~l ·,~.:..s not tLu Ic'S .ut of tho r.:.en who pluul... d. 1 t.

1'. 1 t:~o u&h it

£.

\-:h14 on the focrt of thout pr ecedent

\'ILS ~ 1

I

1t

reprcsc!ltcd t he sinlll1':: st po.ssitlc ·sollltiol! to the hi &Jlly courli c c~(;d ).robl(';l.18 -IIi ti) \.P leh it ht.' to cope . In cl'der to t.i._fl(.cic.tt::

j~t

ho'" t his fern ,of oJ:"son1zt.tion

tlQS (:Iri vcQ. Cot I 1 t is rl.. . c'"ssC" r:,. to f:le:. cv t ec k to t ho tii;:.e ulu..n tht..

•

'.

J

U .5.;;tr~tceic

d(;tc of 1 ~B

.J.r L'ore<;s did net c. :ri.st•.

. ~nc c:;..tion

I t !l...

~·._~ 6ricCll

dxpc.ri ouce both ill concu.ctiue

t.;

oir

By Jcnuc..I'Y 1944 . tt. ...

e ::l~ndGrs

yl1X\,t1y clr

\"! Q"

orr tds sido

c&r.inst CElIT.lOny

U\d th~ Ccouili e d Countri ,-, s fro.:l t~~ u . ~ •• LnC iri '5 /c.c.i:'1E, 'both

holiu.in. ry LrLft No . l

" ETa

to the UwT.i.J! Idee.

CO ~ltri'butloilS

Oh-1n8 )'Cl'tly to tb.: tccUcc..l a1 tUC.tioll i n Europ.... ., J:.QI tly to

tb~

~~ ort:1r.cste rn

c.vctlLbili t~· of forces. and :..c.rtlj> to

its l,.OO&rtollhict.l loc ctio.l ,

LcludLl~ th~

pbj:siclll proximity

of lc..rBu Brt tish c...'ld d .!uric£.;.l forc;;;. s i!! c.. reI, ti "iJly &lL ll erel.. . c.nd tht. n c.. turc.l

dc~'c...::.dcr.ce .

;;neric(.ll

,upon British fLcilities ,

bc.d

fora~

dcvoloIl~d

typ..; of

y;hc.t WE-S for tht! IOl03t pc.rt

or~c.:u ·.. Ltion.

I;".

staff \.1.tiJ

Ita

sutordinct~

Its ru..c.dquutors

s~ciLl

thc ' Ei~th

Co

nOI"uti

consist~d

13":.c.;7fs in ",..Pl"OpriL.~

CO \.:CC~laS

e ~ rly dc.~.s.

<.:I sp... cic:lly in thl.l

~rl

of

J.ir Force

cO:'lsto rvctivc

ct c. nor.wl

ll~bt;r

and k'tnc!.

r:crt) rihc.t i::1g1:t be \"'X"l'l> ctcd

i~

(. typicol

air !'oroQ. bOl.::.bur, f'i .;ll tor, saTV!!X). cir s':.l.pJ:ort , Lnd cco,osite .

..

•

This lost, 'ilhil<:

tt

clctovd t o

b<;

pelh(i.~

L littlo odd i:'l nc::.:A? , "GS just 'j,'het

I C coo osi to of c. traini n£ cor.. c.."ld end (. cOl»bc.t

ere,; replccoouDt cl",.:.rin&_housc . If no net"; rtl:J;...on:si H':"i tiu8 L"'!.d co:-.!.. i t._o:.n ts t cyond its

ow

ori~ln{'.l

do:~nc.t1orl.

rui.:s.sioil.

rlMej~

fiLS t c obtt.1 .....

cn~:lc..inttill

of th... ...ir over ..i..stc:r:l Lurop... by 1

to be i-re}:rcrcd .to :fur..'.i:3h c.OVC\"lCn t 01: U.O.

t ~ .o

IXxi:-Jl,.l!..l

su~~ort

.~prl1

t o ttu

1943 and for~e:rd

:.:r:...'j GrOll."lC :/OIC... S by le.to SU!!lE8r of 1942 f h.:.d

bElc.n Lssi,2.D",a to t }-,e )!.'il!.ht:...';r ilo c~ I ·its olt..Ul1U.tiO_l liliiJlt

hc.vo stood ,:i tnO:lt n."""181ou.

2

I

.•!

Prcll;:::d.OElr" Drc..ft No ,. 1

••

Tce:: tOl'l.:.o.tion of tho 'I"altth nir FOlce in the.. U. K. th& l c.tv

bc.d to 3ustc.ia .

end suppli(;s of ~·.1r

of

of 1942

sU)...~}(;; r

\"iC.S

tn~

Fra... 1 t t he ~ll

first shocl( thc t tile

T';;~lft: )

typ.. s c.nd

I

in

El~bth

drt>'o< personn(;l,r.i:rcr c.tt

k:L ~lds.

..::11... tl:is cut t!:c 1!.lf:,hth

Force 'V lrtuLlly 1n hc.lf Cu1G hLd i -';13 "ffeet in evt:r,;- s .... l:i..:::rc

too

Liehth's t:lxister.ce, c: lU'~ JiClt of th~ burd.;;n pf

cetuclly (.ccot:lpl1shi n e th':' .::. ctivctioll of tbe 'I\.e!fth ~·J.r Forc~

lo~stic'l

on

t~ ·

VII!

support to tt.c ?C/l}H op:..rc.tion in North •.1'rl.c~ fell ~:.1r

Fore.., .:3Grvice

CO~.:..D " ,

t h .... lOt;,ie t iccl c:n.l

of tho I:.l£!,hth ...:ir Fore"; ,, Tturc 18 no

po i. !l·~

'l'OR:;H on the I;.i f!,h th ".-iI t i~...

of its cc.reor ,

i u dt. sQri bi n.;. h....:re ho,;,; t h....:(;: !"fe ctB of ~' o~co

r(; .... O'l of

cOilt r ltut(;d to the n..::Y..t crisis d,":,.l1~.h t,

P16CislPil

'bc'!J.t,i.~

c.t

the Cc.sc.t.lc;nec Ccnferc .lee. 14-23 Jc.r:.ucr" 194.3 . f::ra;;. ',hieh t b.e

•

Ele;.':th

-

~ re(;d

lir., ctlv~ .

Ey l lIc:y

..'ith

C:

::lew ! Cl:Sl; 0:.1 1.1.fe

21 J U1UUI". 151,.3 . c.ud

1943 ,

~r t:'~c;

Jlt.;c.d~u'-rtu1s , #.rt.::y

I

tb... CLSl1b1e:.ncc.

ne ... rcspoDsitilit1..s.

-ir 1"010I,;S . hc.d direo te d c

.

to the U. K •• st:.l6y .... xisti,.e, or6,t:..lizntionr l CIrc.l'lu:.:.:onts in . the :i!.iehth ;.:ir U . :.; .~ .r r:1Y

~~ o ~

C.... . L.16 ._l:!':.U rtIc cnn.:n dc. tions fer 1i1cr.:.r.slng

;J.r F01Q;J; , p....rsor.:.c l i ll t !:l(: Euro}:.... c..l

'r~'"'c.t.:. r

to the

,

.,

..

.

"

rroli mi.nc.ry Droi t no . l

Euroyccn t;llocte r t o:: tbr... unprc.ce dented fl f,lU'u of 500 , GCe. c or.:rJi tte(: . c l:.tin cil-tc l

rJC;liit... r

The

of r.:hich wes E+i c,cdi e :r Gc:nort.l

li,; c.d ~ucrtc rs,£lbbth ~J.r

FOlce , t !:l{; 0:)1:, tir ,,£c Doli i~l the Th;;., c.. tor

cq:c.blc of ht..:lc; li n.:. the

~1 c..nu 1 ue

of such

~(. st

", xpcnalon.

~hC,; re as ons f c,r t he ir lcm op.. rc..ti o nGl rc.t'-.:. be:d lon~ b(;(.1 n s up pl y

c.nd tlC.i lltcnoc e c1;1.fx'lcultl us . t he T\:ie lftb

~.ir

thCJl hc..d be e n i UV e.B i o~

Force

lr X pc. c

fOl

thQir.

.

19 ~ 2

"..1 t !:o th(;

tu e; .

~ol nt

~o

TCJl;H and

p . rfor•.lw'c ~, tlbieh

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It

Gcn~"ll'

l e ss

of .'i'ORCH ond t 11<.;

of :;lcily end t t uu Itc.1y . t .•1.. i':"' C:l t~ rrc.nl.. c:.:l .,;ca-

cocinb t c c cl1tX.X .

':1<:"8

n cs t::...~ r t c be softeno d up

f ot: u. invc.si on of t he Co n ti :-.cn t to t cke pl Loo

•. 1 thi n t he r ec..son.:..bl;, n... q

•

'i'h.t.y could

fu t U! ... . ht.E.yY bor.ibc:o d mc:tt o p..1'otion8

fror. t ho U ~ l(,. '.;ould h i v e ~o te a tC j;.p.;d u ~ c..''ld T(;Q.dured v (.s t ly

QOre e fft:::cti vt. .

If t ho

o lX- r£.ti o~(' l

by suppl) C:!ld f..lc..i u tc nc..."1ce

problc:~.s

li ne d ,Ilus t bo r.1Ldc ~ -'ei l ( b.lt:. . onds

~ 'C5 ~he; pur ¥o ~o :.. f

t

r e te r;(:.s tci ne lropt doo.n th.:.. s c l:!ust be

s o l\' ~ d

{ :ld

Thl.; ~ cc c!::'J.. 115 b.l.lon t 01.' ';;h0 5(:

thl.; r rt.dl oy COIJi.:l ttE;O Colld t he brc.dl(,::y

1\

-

-- -

-

-

,<

Proll~ncry

BoQte~

Ccr.lbi'rit::;d t.bi ... fs of stt.ff direc ti ve

10

0:1.

]lL'1l:. .

hc.d cco.J. t tcd

eUL.s hj,nb

the Eighth .-J .r Force t o 0 \.u:. jo,r put in \.cr I-otentiE.! prupcrr.tory to

c.nd confil"Ot;.d by

~prl1 ~9~3

Offe:lsi V(;; ,lcuocht::d :1.n

·('\~f,r..ORV .

Lreft No . 1

the

t h_ Gcn:.c.n

c~hi'picU3

C:.ssc.ul t on the (..ontinont. Th~ ,

in

th~

b}

0:

th~ ~~d l e

Euro...... c.n 'itl<:;c. ta . • i

i:

1943~ ~ter Q

yecr of

~x-~r i ence

Vlt;S CpyLrellt thc. t a ere"at duol of

d4:vliec.tion of t.lffort enG (. L..:rtc.i !l u.::oW1t of c onf usion bc.d gro\m i~to theEie,hth ~·J.r Forces

for tho $,orvicQ c;o:..}.!cnci.

The: ~·- 4

Sl:t _ up.

f~'l.CtiO:l

cw

S(; CtiOll ,

little of tho

Hq .

c.~thority .

or (;t t ... s t c..n ou t i.ori t~ 8ubordinck tc thc.t -of c.n ;..... 4 \i bo

•

In t;.ili).;.st ilvcrJ i n tho..: 8Orvj.ce

eOfL.:.C:!l.d,

CLse

t !l..... ~ ....... ci.!..l std'fs u.rc duplic ct<:: d

Uld . Ll ralLi t y

I

ell ".I)rc pe r fc;>nJ1!l6

fl.l!1ctions '"hi ch- \":... re nbollY or priI-.ci pc.lly d t!lw r

losis:t~ccl

" Preli~nU'y

~, :rot\l

1~IXlIC..'c1UQ

a

t c,lJc.jor

Genolc:.l

Iirdt No .1

Henry J .7 , "'iller , hi s

of F{c<:ldquortera . Z-1&,hth .",i r :iorce, t!sp... cic.lly on its '1'b.1:3 'Q'\..S hc:)d(;:d to ltIcjor Coneral Ecker ,

urJ.ntf;lnc.ucc aida.

to1 th G£;ncTc.l ' !at. 1J.er's concurence , on 30 July 1943. Ge:ler-al then djpIoCrs"d ~n

Kne rr's I::OtlOr c.nduc p;ro:";06ud thct the functio!ls l ~tc:ro lly

OOOil@. the

tho hc.nds of t roo rus:p0l.1s1 ble

~opu ty

urgucd th(j c.ch!uve:.....;tnt of

~u1cimr

of dirQo hos ConG g,roc.tcr

~ fUc1 unqy

the

nU1~Q r

for l.U ,

tL.~ ~ll -~(;r..u.nc.b l ...

occ Cis j.on... d. O!lrvlc~

.std·f 'cc ccnCo,lntrctvd cO::i:lC.nders. one for

Gecis1Qll:l I

fi~otb.b":r c~t;ut1 on

b)' l1dtL18 to t\10

de~u t1(:::s

'of 1'\;18..,0.'511;11-;: ste ff office rs r,i th f.-h oll tho

()OI.J.lx.ud1ne, gellt..ro! ,. oulG hc.ve to

•

Ij.'

f~r

~(,.c.l .

It vQUld obvictc . onc e

c1eclys in steff coordinction

1nstocE; • .,.ho..n c. sU becS tion ~ut form:.rd by the

co::u:.ndor . ;. ho

,

}clC.";:

thG subjt:ct in qUt:stion .

the e:>.... .c.."lG l 1~ i!P n" r c.l's mind on

, Ie:;; di~cpprov(;d t

£It le ast t enpore.n l y

by one of t ho,. t;..' stofts . o;:ho ,,:.'cs :.m.f{:!.:i l lu ,,;ith tt-.o e Oal:lc.ldi ~u t.::n~rc l's vhn:a .

'i'lIe proposel f!.1It hor sUB2Pst€:d

, I

£.11 s .. rvice c C!..i:..lCnd fw .ctions . J::Uc con. tol1d<.>d t hct

\

6

~i"'.o

Lcputy

I

.i

.

,

PreliDinc.ry Drllft N"O.l COi:.DUlder for 1lr.1nkilCoIlcc should c lso J:>c the Coo.lt-'1dinf" In c.pJ;lrovins th4;il

lJcintenence CQrJ!.lC:!ld..

by Gcncrcl

Knorr,

propos... t;i

Mi llvr e roto GerLtlrc.l Ellla::r the. t!

(~merO"l

whil.e it T.lisht not be:

reo~gnni~Qtion

~nercl t

.ta~i ble

in r:.11

p.::.r~iculLrs,

it ,1£).5 ot

lcr.st c ste}.> in the rigllt direction,. The proposr:l

l/CS

nc·ver octUE.lly put into etXoct

stood. ClthOUgil the re ce... Ct.. no doubt thct the. whieh

tAl-St; linus ~ ..(:s t1~

1t

r~orgaui'ZLt.j,.on

to toke. plLce on 15 Octot{.:r 1943 r;c s lu e,c.l y ,

,'o'CoS

inspired by ~ t .

the

L5

to put

Just 'WllCt Geilcrc.l E::ker 1 5 r(;C:.ctio:l to tho Kn",rr

;i. ~.

his wi ne:

~t

into efftoct

t

but he

l'rotc.b~

co''lsidc:r...dthat

~7C.S no~ ri ~.l:.. t . ·

. ti jX be.l!!n tr:,ii'lS to sell .. ,. si:1n~~on

0:"1

deput} to c.ct La his c.lter t:@',O c:.nd a lso

H~

hed

for

BOlle

th·..; idee.. of h!s hc.v:\.ng a C.9

(j

ShOCK_(.bsOl"ter.

aywpLtho..tic to the- dc;;I-u1:y idee. ThLt Xi:r..lcns ;!lUst hc.ve been

famili<...r wi th t~e Xm:. :rr PfOpo~cl is 1 ndioc.~cd by his ;r"l:!colli.:6nding

to Gon",rc.J.

:j!:cKc:r

·":h c.~

r;cs iil effect .en E.ltcr il(".:tive to it.

,.

7

Prcl1~n~y Dr ~ft

of

the weakG:' '~.' scction chi~fs .

urg..:.d the. t Q

th~

s ... rvice

.;.t the

.5t1U!

No . 1

tioo 1".0 strongl y

be shc.l«ln '4P in order to tssure

CO~£.l1t!

bis,h(;r opcrLtionol rete thr oue,h 14 tiding c. m r e: effective

I:lOintoncnoe

pr~&t'a-~ .

ODe hie,her

cost , he felt . General. In tho,)

~lUlS

op~rLt1onal

J"de, t'.t any

.>rncld'i:oul d insist.

for the; build-up of U• .D .. .uz-,;y l.tr Fox-cus in

'ilould 00 a suecnd . 0% tc:.cti ctJ.

I

;-J.r Foree \;E:sido

t~'e

ll1ehth .

Lnd 1 t finally t .... eccc ... vldc:lt thc.t tufa r;ould 00 th_ rJinth 1:. 1r Forco ,

'"hc..n its unvEol bccc.m IDPi:lcn t 1a ec.rq

1945 , the full

~~ninB

i ts true l'I'(;I5Pf. c tivC .

•

of

th~

Knorr propos&l

~ptof.lbcr

~cs cppc~n~

If the:. i-ie.hth Gnd the Hinth

Tlero to exist siele by Sid" . end if t!k:

Ni~lth 'l"iOro

to hGndlt.: its s...,rvice functions iil tAo

SL;-i;

~r

in

iorcus

e:Uoned

c1uplicLtivo Uld

confusi r.e, v;t;.y the :i:.'ie!;th hf-c dono , th.. uhcl G l·. ir FOICO l ot:i-st1cc.l

operotionl..l oblis.Ltioas ...ou1d be e ndllllaored t1i th cowp.},.oto frustration • . To obvi ctc any i o.:is of ccntrLl1'Lt:a ccmtrol or of

CClntrC;.l1z... d resi-rc :~£ii 't..i ~it y , Genc.r4

:cc.l<~T' l'I~ cli.c.rged , on 11

3

-

-----

.1 t

• , .4

~' • • ~:. .....-

• .w.--•.

.

d th th~ cO'x.cnd of all IJ&S . ~.r-~ .{9.r Fer cos in the

5opt~:.,be r,

U.K •• i n c.c!C:1 tion to his dutil..s I1S COrM";;ndi!lf, Gc:lvrc.l,

Lir Forco.

It 18

Ql.

El~:ith

liltorastins ti\Ough h"-l'dly very ioportcnt

feet thLt 51:1.cQ l.11.a-JI.11y Ge:'lcrc.l · 1:.C:o;.1 hL:.d in t.ffl..ct boen cO:!l,..:.(.r.dinb

t>.tO

durC.l'ont sots of for cos , th£: YIII EOl:i.c<:r Cocc(!.Ud I Co~ ..cna

t..nd tbc VlII . .ir Support

The VIII 1.1r 3U.PJ:Ol·t Co::.:..L.l ld hed nc ~,

operc.tioncl on 16 July.) hO\ieY~r ,

during tb.c:t period of L

func"\;iou CB

(the l etter bUl becODO

I

~o;;o

Trcticul ;J.r E9:06 in t o..,

•

to lx:

roeul~ize;d,

U. K. , lll.ld tl1l. stcs,.. hir. tters I:lO"\:ud tollod n8

Generol

t.

"Pc.::..

r.uro~t.ll

Eo~I

Tbec.ter.

t9.:l~rS

CO:..I:.o.....d hcc.vh5 .

Itl3 ·;osition 'OI"ea

for , on 12 Octotur , it3 COr:1:i"'.Lnder

set for t bt;

~l...ickly .

&I'~d

rcor6£4lizc.tion.

Threo de}!s l c.ter , on 15 co tob...r

rOUlld_up c'o.:i:.c..nden. I

cO~lf(,rene0

Oil tbu very dO)1 of

:i:.rcr.... ~nIB urivc..I , :tnrev events of' r.:.c.jc r i Upo:rtUlce

~£l.dquutera

tu;J.ct1 ons .

..

Cl8 yet its

tcctice:.1 forc," but :::.c.ro1)' used 1 ts o:;diu;J.

c..e.Dinst tile str::.:tueic tr.IE,(;ts of the;.

BOO~l

~ssur:..... d

i:'.O";lths I

r;1t::.htil '.ir lI'or co UJsw..I.> d , i:1 r.ddi t i Cll to

1'1..."

C'.1th.3 '-3

,.

r~c.dq4W"t ... rs U . G . ~..roy

~ t~ tOTW(;r

J";r i'orcoJs in tho

.- --

I

..

I I

;. broad. reorgOllizction Qlso took pl Lce wi thin HQ.Eig,bth

U.K.

OE.ven of the speciel stofr sections weTS trc.asforrod

,;..ir Foree .

l'.-i ttl t hei r personlle l to the VIII the S<:Iction chi ... fs

•

.n-4,

fields; cnd

EriBcci~r Gener~

Knerr

J:i,:.,cdquE.rters ;';iahth ..iiI' loree, uhile the ..... rsolli161 of the

•

~4 sc~t1on \lere t.16~

u n."lS terFd to tba VIII

4 .1'

Forco r;crvi 00

~J. t:9 011 tht: S~ dc.y, ,"11 un! t5 of' tho VIII ~'J.,.

Oo~d,

suppo;rt COl-.:.:lQld, except

Ninth 14:r Force . ~c tel'.

Coo.l .~l:Jld,

Fore<. sorvice

retl..:i n... d e.s t:.dvlso;t's to tho doi.uc.nd1n8

Oui i~

~nQ~ol _ i n th~ i~ s ~ cicl

bec\Wl.1

4'.11'

t~

He; &: }iq Sq.. , \ra I'C tra.:lsterred to the

nOTl Gen~rol

Erorctonfs cQ;;.ncnd.

on 24 Oc tober, Con;::::rUl

Nitll.. dt:.ys

j-.Aerr ilSsuoed aO:J.:nnd of the

VIrI t~r Forpf; ,uElrvic.e COr:l.lUld t and .Q;;n(,,:;t'c.~ l kt nr;y J~ .F,I.J.l~r!

wh9l-l

Kne.rr

n;l~,,:vt:d! ~ r.t

fa,rea Oervice

~rvic!'l

COC!J!lc.nd.

CO!.l:.c.nc! .

to

Tlu..

Cou.:.c..l1.der over Loth

COiDgld the nc':";.l.¥ for...:.cd J:.C. blf!, recr~cm7Lt1o u ~1 C.S

~

The presonC"o of t,.;c J4-r

opo TC:. tiOl1.8 .b.c.d leso to

~hG

:'OICGS

~"J..r

vlftu.olly

forco Service

in c a1us+t.: th.., c.tur . ot

6stctl1shl:;£;11t , !'irst. of "n ovort.. ll

...

<

\

VIII cn d tqc IX

~ar

~

~ v

I II •

.

Frclir:.ine:ry Drcft No. ).

cootrol ovor botll of those ...ir Foroes I c...,G , st:cond I to the in the ht:.nds of c. aiD{,.le

ooncontr~tion

res~onsltiliti~a .

¥ir service OS ••

-4, Hc:...dqucrte:ra

iIXlGosurc..bly Gai.l.erc.~

indivldu~, ~

Tbe position ( f Generc.l Knerr

u.~.~ .t"q .r Force s i:1 U. :tt:.

atro~ttoned

tho thoe:ter

by hi s beiDS, cs

...,is

I

w~l l.

thq Co!DUlcnng

of the VIII ..iir Foree s-arvic(! Cocr...emd, . on old&r Wld

inevl tc.biy

Co

stro!lser c~.lcnd then thll:l lX .'J .r Forco :Jurvice

Tpus , it is not such

":"- 4. ' .'ho ;is elso

L

greet step

0

rr~~

such

~

reinforced

s.1.rvico C:o:::..:.t.!tG.e :( .in the U,.:::; • •~t:.:y :.ir Forces

in U.K. , period , to c. df.:.l-uty

tX>r.w:.cnd~n~ ~nc;orcl

tor i.duinistrLtion

nho is in loco ":"'-4 CI!d "lso the wr a,cIvico
JXi.ioe..

U, S . strc.tcgic 4J.r i'orc""s in :i:.uropo

•

rcaponsiblu 'for ell

ot

~hu

t h~t hGGdqu~tGrs ,

out of the

f/cr

c.d:An1s~rc.t1vQ

but ;,ith

~y

t~c

of thu speciel stetf

1 ..:.11

st.::.ff t:ct:ds

l .ur<-

h£:

tbct

loS

fUo"lctions l..:t the l.::vol

Olld OVGr in tho VIII •.11' Force Sclvico

l.ud by virtue of his semon ty - :r

(11 tho othoJr

It is

y;CS

D~ctions

COC: ~c..i.ld ,

C fr.E:n"rc.l bffictJr C:...'l.d

ColO:1bls . - b..

Y! CS ·,::.u~h

closur in teet to the. dOp.lty cOr.:Ii..lC!ldGr CO!1Cept t hc.n (:Ilyon", h;:.d

ave r

CO'..:le

prsviot+Sly.

"· 1

. j

. •

22 !iovot:.bc r 1543 . l ... ss t han

on

QOnth eft or t ilO

L

COfl..cno 1uti. G..u.::rcJ. , \'I II •.ir

Il.1UlOUllC':" ,".l6nt of Gcn...rd ·....nar

l..3

ForcQ !Jt. r vic", CC::il.·,l:...'1C; , i n

ti ol1 to h:'s duti.,;s· =s

~ddi

1.-4 . Hq .

U. ::i •• -r;JY ~.ir Fo~a.:..s i n U. K. , ;Jr.jor G...:ouxu Id .:t.l ii. ~d\":r.rds .';C.5

C:.nnounce.:d .:.5 I.eputy

Co~6C l' ,

'j. llis u'ppcintl.lCIIt, ho,-;evqr

I

U• .s~ 4 .rq:; .J.r Forc......s i n U. i(••

·ro p~ose ..lto d loss llr06I" ~6S to\lcrds

the.: recl1zt.tion of tho dOl=-utY ,co.l eept LS proposod ill tt...... Knerr . l.lci.X>rcnduu of 27 July tht:lll 'Qhet hed olr<;ody th... Ootot"l

~eor,;wi 2.C. ti oil.

Gt=n.:.rcl

pert sio,..ly en "lter' COl:!.lL1Cinlf:, duti ... s end

~, cs

of thu F.• , •• i .

•

t.n

c~p

Dtrc.~~c

hQL d
s t£:ft , '.n th EriecQie;r Gcnl..rc..l

u.'1.usu~CIllr

trt.ffie

stroot,. t...;.Q ·c,&pt:.blc. C:.l(.;.f

r,nd chi,.;! coo rdinc. tor .

•.ir Foro... 5 in :"urop,", ,

tbc.e:.tc. r set- up, to i::.c;.:or e:;;~c1I.C.

...o.B for ttu:: ;;,o5t

01)0.) of '\'!hos.o :rr1neipCll

'-.10 • .J.r tli:ust ry ~

ad!-Ardstre.tivQ i'wlcti011S cf tbt.

"oI.a

Oen~ rc.l,

Lcbi(;;vCG by

c.s hi eh- 1uvI.:. l eont (.ct CLn \i1 th h1 &h ·. r b",c.dquu t c rs

LE,(Ji1C i ..:.s

by the

E6~: Q-ds

boa~l.

ICC.U~

UaC:or U. '::; •• .:r-~

Id9st

ot tho

"':ero hc.ncHl..d

ChLllca C. Cheunccy I

ot St r4t t c.cti :li:,

C:S

It n:.. :lincMo;r U.C .

b~ ec",sc

ot its jX.culi::.r 1iltcZ,..

t h.; full i i:l.p,\icc:tlo:1S of the: J\t"lcrr

..ir li·orc..:. s i,l U. ::Ao L

&;ood d,;:GJ..

of probTess H .B r.Kdo tOYIc.:rd tht.. do;. u t,) aonce,;, t on the tho

". "

. .'

.

.

Frellr.;iocry Drnft No.1

incu:pt!0:'1 of U. S .. Strc.tdt,ic ;'.j.r 70rc,- 8 in

nos

~dc

tOl.'uds

t:l5t~blishi~1S.

Euro~ ,

tiltb the ostcbli.:sbQ:;n t of U. O• •.r q r:e~o:"lbor

:10no

::.. doputy O:o::ucador for O'Polntion.s. ~5

I t i.5 intcr"" stillB to note tact frop.

1.5

~l::-tC~t

."J. r F01 C';S

Octooor 1943 , i:"l

I ~nt11

U, K.

1943 , 4"hc,;n tht: Ninth •.ir i'9" CC P, 53Cd to tho

opcrctionc.l control 01' •.a.J Sir Tr d'tprd lcl~ ...JIlr.llory I the

•

Ca..J:llll1dcr -i n~hi ~r. t

: &l.lkd bp:.di tio41c.ry .·.;1r Fo rcoe, Genera l

Ecke-r hed botb odl:D.ni.stTC.t1vl.l cnd opezc.tionr.1

..\Q..riCGn . r.s

~"J.r

Forces , the $i8t.t. &nd Ninth ,

Q

~ontro l

of two

st tu ..tiou \. h:dl

I).oVer oe,c.in to .... Jd.st in tho" :e.uropocn ':i,'hc:;c.ter OJ.' ~rations .

,

Tho bi rth Ct:lrtiftccto

ot

the..

nOl thv:c~.t

.."J' r icD.'l

~.f

Force

orle,1nc.t.;(i I:. t Uill CcaeblUlC£l. Confcrcpcc of 14 - 23 Jcnuc.ry 1 943 . Th~ n~r

UlCi. VE::iioty at cir e 1e:.xmts ransed r.1006 thu northern

cpc.st of i.trice pre5o:.lwd no ~t

~i

prob ~ eu

ttle

to the

wcs to rcorsr.ni2C tPcu ioto efficient, workc.b1e

The; Tr:eltth .J. r Forcx. l cnd1n~

r w~ch l~ E.d

!€ ,onc

~:l. whoso f1gh~in~

i nto '-QUon ....ith tho

on 8 Novc.:...oot 1942 . wc..s t ilcu still the only U. :J,

teak forces .

4·.J.l~ .... G

~'J. J""

Forco .PJ'Cscnt. I n oTSc.uizi!ltS the tlortlr;J(Jst

3

~:.triccl)

••i;r l!"o;rce , it

"ilC.S

Cot '

.

.) «:. "

• .

~

r

11

the

over~

tl8b:t. ~1

tb?

over~l ~cc.~y

G o::DLllder c,nd an

~d"illor

Eisc.nbolX3 r o.o1,lld not "&&r'Oe . the ;lCOri, cc.p, long...l'tlI1gc

I

~IiCil!l

,air otficer C4

'1'0 tWa Lt, CencrQ1

b)'Obcr c?m.£.!lder.

SI)i:.ctz . the ..:.a::ri,COll ch

•

..

th~ Th"fJ~r

to

C~l

Cot:l:lU)dtlr.. Gen-ercl

11> \ms Gcnerr.). Spc.c.tzJe view thc.t

or strctcgic . bo:lbGra ,

.

s~ou.ld ~

_J'OlECnde~ b~ en ~e.J"1cMt ~d 1:;0 su&>cstl.;d.· "J;b.t.t . 6 ,"ogled J?n;ckdo;m

ot lbe I:lir ~lElOOJlts ' lIould' be to diVide theu 1ij.to the c cx:ryOZlI;;qt

pr1M11'4 " ...

ulti C£.t~J.y o ~ood

UI>On

Qll~

be . """, tbe ~CBi8 or

orson1 Ztlt\9P of t tle No'rtbw6i ~.Lr c~ ....ir lorce. In Cionbrc..l. Orde r" Np , l . Hq. ~ Uprthwc"t JncCll idr 'Ioft;.e t ~8 F.br w,ry

i9h3. it

~=telli .l'ir . lore.

.

•

~ltt~ J4r 1 0rOo

C:.D!1 "\:bet

WeB

,toted thot tbe, No,th....ist ·Atri.""

would be

.~ .. d

of

Bq . ~

.

""a· of

jla8torn. ,J.r Coa,:qld

1~ . co;:cc.,n~~r ~."Q~' be U[.)o~ Gp~.r4

';fhe ~c1ple ~f ooob~:pSI\8 U.S . t~

"4r

liq,;jq.. )(II

.

Co;)

.

!j. :~l'. arfl'!lli :ooUan) I

·J'C.t:04 li,I:0911 ttlo~

19;r~B ~ .Rt~·" i' . un1 t$

~08 t91i o. ~cd tliroue.~ut tho· .. c..rio~s co:::Wncn~$ tJt the North~at; J.t'rl~t..:l iJr 'orco~

.

t.t

.

~bi.s

peTt od 1;bc:re _e:d.stcd

1

C

oonM.}1CJ!l "b1c h~ "fi'~S

ncVO;l'

Preli:.nnLl'Y Dn:.ft i n ....Gi::

~ l r ~'.r

.hur 'Iod6.;:r ,

c...

no. i

"",;orc.ll 4·o.1li.:d i.ir GO::J"lCnoor for

tho vntil·C 1!i..diterrC1CE.:""l erec., a:.C; to hi;:;. , ""r!€:r .. l Dpre:.:z , cs

North!'.b5t 4·•..-ricL.'l 40ir Foree CO:':""""lClldcr ,tICS resj.onsl ble .

i

hc.vc

1:....'1

cX<...-;;plc of '...l!",1 t;:; of' cir

cO ~:-Lnc:.

Thus ,

>ie

thrOUE..nout crt c•• tire

thuc..tc. r of "tier. For th{;l proscmt

5~udy ,

th~

cstdlisb.:.::t.:nt in too

!J.:.di tcrrL.'lcc.n of tbtl P'!.nclj:11c of strct-.!8ic

Fo:.:ccs is the priI.l£.ry c.;.n tributio:) to tl,c

c..n~

U.[j ~

t.:c t ic c..l .."011'

,strctcgi o ....ir

Forel.1s in burop" '5 Idc.:t., O;i lH:C tlxlir tor,:£. ~1011 \,tos , in (; ocnSLt

I

c rui'ino:!£Int of thc.t prirlciJ.,lu GIanI:; nctionc:l lin... s . On 1 NO....""O"..lbcr 1 9~~3 Co 5.;,co~d 4.0 11001 .:.1r )"·or ca .1[.5

for:.:od in t !lc A!oc..l t<..:rrc.~•.:.t..n .

Tho lo"'1ftuQn t h .J.r ForcQ

I

eons1s\i!lS

I ni tiw.!.y of six (6) groups of b(,C:.vy bo::::.t:\'r~ I 'r·es in effect uu rcly (. ro _cbrist ...n1u", of the XII SOuber CO::l..D.lG

Ddasiou

to t o quite distiuct .

kL5

I

By 1 LccEnbcr ,

e: lthough its l~&8ln&

behind its ill:.nnod t '!":'C lvo \12) hccV)· grrop:; , the strsngth of the Fifteenth ;J.r Forc .... hed boo .l c.ug.".4C:!. t,,:;G by t wo (2) groups of

13- 24's c:.G

Co

thi:rd ncrl e,ro,""p of 13-17 ' s c..nd B-25 I s.

?b~ nCSOll strLtc~c

for .... 5tc.tlishil~ toc li'ifte<3nth

. J.r ForcG t 1:.1 th.. Modi terrL;'(.;D...TJ.

·:I(.S

t; •• o

~·.ir

Eo reo ,

0.

i:lcruc.scd

opportwri ty t l"",;:t; \;ould be c.ffor dod to c:xploi t u;:cthor eondi tiona

thero n h(;l1 wClcth.:.::r L1 the U.K. ,

i.L5

poort c.nd to furtht:.r

Pr.:.lioin r ry L-rLft

i~ o . l

iDplwent tbe Cod:lincG BO:..:.lNl C·ffc:.lSi vo b y striki ng t h(; CDeOY tror:.

oP;"os~

t o poi:i.ts of t h,.. coclJ!ss .

Tho (;o:.lbi::lOd Chio...fs of

u.lti~t,-

:.ite:.ff directive stc.tcd lih.:..t t hu

str~;~t!l

of t !us

~ .1r

'F oreo Yiould 06 t ·,;.;m ty_ono \21) hc:::.vy groa:ps . of \,'b1ch six ( 6 ) \"," Ol'e to 1>\3 rosorvc.u f or usa i:1 CL.SEo W C:.l/..!"g;.;;i.cy should Lriac

in the: .}..:.0"1<1 't:c.tle in Itcly .

19h3 than.

,"JO N

This

i..)3£...'lt

tt.c.t .frlD 1 Hovu:.lber

t w'O 4,uclict.n strc.tc.;pc air forces, Oil;'; L 1 U.4_,

one in I taly , ...·hos..:: I-ril.:cry masion ....-c.s t h(.; sux: , to eury out the CO!..lbil..cd !Joi:±er Of'fc:.lSiv6 , tho objtJc't 0;1' ..,bieb . . : os the 'tJx. prof,I'os3ive c1ostrl.l.ction cud d1a l ocLtion of to:;; Ccr!xn

;':d. 11 tay .

Force.

/k/

U.,S . ~ J. r

the

~lJ.d ustri'~

Old gccuo:.::ic

syst~ u t..:.'1C:

thu Wldol'l:a lli ng

c l os61y COOrdiUi ted by 41roct li(~ison hi th tho ~lUtth

F orce i :1 order to devclo_. tho tec tmi qu.:: (.j.).d i nt(.tgrc.te

. e:-.).ploY:.iC'~ t

OOVUI":.c:'lt

0, Q r ficlds and s(';Ivicc.s

of c.ircrG.ft fron. on..:: 'l\iO fects

th~

t ~(.tcr

...:.dstc.uce of

.

,

.I. C.

~:hich

tccili ti .. tc thE)

to l'llothcr ! ·

t~; o ~·... !<:;Ii. C('.;·1

strc.t<..8.1c c1 r

~

frellniuc.ry D['(..ft 110.

the c!OSi:ls t cl ordinr.t10n of t i:dr ol'6 Ic.tions

cno~l

rc.CSQ!1.,s for tr.;,

:.:.ppoi ..... t..:C:lt

r:<.tI"(l

~

to both

ot Ul ovc r Lll J.:lL r ic<...!l

strl..: tegio bo:.:bu r co:.:':;W1.Qt.:I end th'. (.s u.'cli sm.;c a t ullG.o r !-..iTJ

of c..n· ove n .. ll opcrc::.tio)1£. l policy

•

b.c.c.dqu~ rt~1· s , :"lC...::... 1Y

t

Hq ~

Tb(; only Lvc.i lc..blc:. i:.ir-... ctiv1.; t or the. Cl'f.;"Uon. of the

e,ffl...ctivc. 1 J OUU) l S4l.. t lK;I'(: :·:111 ·1.0 c:.s t c..bUshecl ':'0 Co..:=-u-u:" C!"u6m..t .... , ·~ c US ~trL"tc L.i c ~ J.r Forces in EuroP'-"u . conaistiue. i n i ti ... lly of t h. _ j:;il:!.hth Of., . ·U ·t (;t.1•• th u.:; ••r . .y 4J.r

~. 1:r

FOICl:5 . ht...C."~ ..1~ I t .... r~ toi th1 ~ ~.1:r C9).l:{:l'lC: ~·.'i ll b ti (.:st cbl1shZld i n t ht. U~lj, t (,; G, i'-ilieeO. .. ...n offic(; r of t h ... U:." ;.r::q .:. ir Forces , .-il l t.... c!I..Sit;lu:.. t \;C! C_....!_L. .:c.~::f. (..1...~l(..r c..lIU~ ~trc.tc.o c •.ir Forcc s i il i:.uro~ .

Und(;F tt.is
~ilL. r L.l

0f' ~t. t z ottt.1 a~d opoH. t i o~1.c l

ot t h<. t ,.:o c.ir forc,-,s 1:1 (,;,U'-- stion .

., 7.

control

:.ednis trc.t1 v ... co:.trol . for

Zruli::.i,nc..ry Drcft lk . 1

Forces h. :i!.urop;.. \H.. .S 1.

Li.l

<::.:.t,i t1o:.lr;

fow _fol d

t

Th,., d.... s t ruction of t h\.. (.cr.. .:c..."l Li rcr c..f t i!ldust-r,y .

2 . 'I h.... Gt.s'tructiou of ti:... . .::..ir.

•

~ rotr ':" ." 1

'~ r .... CJ.l ~J.r

Force i n t he:

I

I

'i'ht.. d r...c t au"t.ort ".r-ior t o C,l",- d'tur t ho.. i ll ~. vUJion ty l L!'lL for cos.

5.

I

Tb... u..-u o= . \.i t t t tw 1 0:: c..'1cl Sl,..!. for c.... s i .'1 t ho ultw.c.'W. (.l,..f... Lt of CcrM~ll' .

4.

Gr.;nQrc.l ,

U . ~ . ~trc.t_ ~ic l,.lr

L:vL.i Lbl..;. , but 0:1

llLLjor

'Cione r~ l

6

JL.nuay

;?orco 5

i ~ ~ro ~ .

t cti.l&

1544 .

Fro(<>r1c;: L. • .!ldc.:rson , f."L a

• t hl,.. $1ftc(.;n tb. ,".1r l"OlCU-.

Ey t ::.t.

S <:...L

01e.. . 1 , H,..

of VIII- Eo .ocr co,.::... (;~ (.

at P.cc:dQ.u(. rtc: rs.

<.

•

•

J=;1~:.t h

J.ir Force .

.

not

c.s P::iJuty

:61~hth

;.ir io:: ce

Euct".$. t !l..:. 01<:.

, L l ~ r..ou..:.h t: ~·:~s

~rc5,,"n t

,t hl.; l:.t-c\'1.. c Lb l~ t ths

c.:.::~ oullc';d

r COJ!l;:u;Q Lt ..... ~ 5 t LtiO!1 l e1 , E1Lh ·.. yco...u.. hc "-c..~u(.rtc r 3

0:..1'

is c.t

r . . c.r ocb:.. l on

to cOll t1nu!"; t o OP::ILtu

c.t Esslll:y ~C/.rk u.::.ti l 1 6 Jt,I'!:.1,ry , ·;Jhc.::-I it r;oulG !..:eve to Sigh

-;'YCC...lOO . ":"1'<;;

•

..1;;0 on 6 Jen ULI)' , four t:.Gdi tionc.1 stc.ff c.ss i £,n!.xmts

·~lLG.:: .

L ri u-di~r Go~rc. 1

.otc.ff t

U . G ." .r~

~·.ct:i!lS

Chief of stclf .

J'. ir :r'orc..::s

ChC.Ul1CLY , v:::.o btC l;co ~~ C!.id' of

~ n U . i~.,

stc.ycd

0,1

tc:.lporc.rily

LS

COlC:l1.: l I;verctt C09K bo c c .oC hi s Doputy .

pas! tiOD ...hich tk· ord.. r listed us c specie 1 stefr fu:.1ction ,

'!he first of tli.:.. C:il'G ctors U>lG.. r th... JjcP14ty CO;;LC-'1C: ur fOT Opolctio;:.s,

\0(..5

c.ppointcd n h... n, on tt•.: sc.:.:;c

or~or ,

Colc.10 l Geor€,....

, ,f

. . .::.....ric cr. c.1r stetf i !l t hL Al:.- ti turrW:lt,;: Cl. tJ . ~ .

Lt. 0'..; ill.: r c.l

:E.n.retO(i ,

l~O .Pi-.c. r,

pr{:SO!l.t.

~r;'Lrc.l

'lhO C \..(;T .

c.rd VCG in t:-.c

:'U:1i..Y J.:.Ci l ·.s , Chiuf of tL.... ...,J.r tJtc1'f ,

~ .r.e.cr50:1

0(. Eo:. (.zr.!s ,

~ .n C:cr 50:: ,

thou

(.0: ::.

Eri~LCl i {) r

Go;·. crc.ls

;.::.:: c. i n ... Gc.1:... r:::..l, VII I Eo,

:b.:. ~

rr"llwin.... zy Loreft No.1

c.eeount c f

•

,m.::t

\.(,3

L~

th...

C.i 1

t,

Q£.)

of pl"'tJp.:.n n;:;bi u foz' t ho

das.,.i t(; his iX'.3. tioo <:'5 ov-.:r...ll s t r l tc aic CO:':':..zJ.l.O(,,; T . it '. ou..ld

bo nc c", 5sc..ry to

(;C;S i t;,!l~tu

Li. :.:...a...ric £.1 dr f 01 Ct.:

c,o~:lUld ln Es

h....)(..n:.l for c,"c h Li1 force.. i n -.:LC=- of t hv t :. O tr..c Lt(.;lS but

t h:: .• 5..id t ::L. t

c.ne.

tl",~

c oorC l nL"tio~ 1

.Fiftc(.;.\tr. •.ir ;Forc...s ,-;oulCi.

cf

t ~l'"

o:;.: rt "ti ons of tce. :i'::ioht h

1;.••: .. ffc;ctu.e t b.ro~

CO! L:::":'1.'::~r for OYCH. tior.s t v:i:"05!... co...:.:. .c.ne:

;..1.50 on his st eff . . ,o!lld b..

L

c ~c:u::....: l

D:.tput y

c. Dcpt.l.ty

t c thu.F1ftoun t h

CO:.l:.;..:~\d()r

to control

CoS ht: ....ssurculy cae :lot ilLVC t.ci: i:.ll~ ·~r<.. ti VIJ cont r .:-l ov.:.r. t l:(.)

of ~t "":l" e c.bl t..: ·.;hich :.. ( s "to uri VI". s i~ i:.:.:.. s l ...t ... r. on

.~'.

'.,

}

5

h::.u,.r;,.

i"rc. li ::11 n.r ry LrLf t No. 1 bec~i. £:

1 944.

Tilis :,)t:y bev(.

Spc.c k

\:les 1 :1 .. c.ah1 ugt o~1

Cc.s.... of ov(.;r.. (.uxious

~ 1 8cussi~t,

cHticipLtiO ~')

on

r;i th Gi.ll1(. Tt..l Rr.olG t h.. p l L..'ls

th:..t t he stTLktJc c!"::a:.t..:.lt:t;r :.:.uct I:'LVI.; tr... r1 f.,h t t o trLiisfor l lrcrc.ft end

•

~u:r s o~m.... 1

fr.:.r:. on... tt:(;c,tcr to '.l1o th ... r L 1 orde r to

bo c.b1<::l to c.:..rrj= out ceordi U_ t 6U

or

th\. tt..c t 1cLl. 51 t"' L t10.~ .

~isCUBsiOi.l t

CoMro1

vostcC; i n hi;:. by t l:<.: vurb c.lly c.sS\1I..,d

GI.'1cl

fy-ior t ·;::.

shuttle ':.tt(.c .·.3 '-t ";";111 t

th.;;

c:·nf ct'O:lco

SpLLtz h"ci It,tu.:!i\..r! Cp nv rci

CO:,l. i:~or!

~pLC. tz

t b. ~ t

Chiefs of

~tcft .

u."1C:;~r

G11..:s~

;.ra oll!'s

Gc:.n.;; rc..l

i t hc.i.: b66!l , but co'.lle

Gi l ~:J

~Iod:J.co

Giles I c.S;BurcnCi3 0i.1 1:1;(.. ,'.i.e. t to r of

t~I";

bc~~ eo.1

t h':.t f ull e:d.:.inistrc.tivo::

thuc. t .: rs ':.8 U!

i:l ~i e t.tio~l

c ontrol of t ho Fi ftce;:..t :! .J.r

It i.!l fdrl,y .;\' iCc:n

cud not to tilu

~1

:Vor~

t: :e:t

ri Ght to trLlSfor U!li t3

"oule:.

'·::,~ .1

f ~ll

t o:.

t~c.

V. Z,

h.tJ se:i c1 -beth c.i r forces' •

t . th L.::.d tt.... :11:l th , s i:.:co;. ho

,'Yj

t-JY

~ iLS fru~;Uy

not

I'I 0 li:.:.1 n U"l-' Dr c.f t lJ o. 1 L~ tl:~ s ~

v (o ry ::.uch. con corned Lbout t :-J,c Nintt Lbou t th:..

or8~i'Z=- t io:';

'I'hia is bor:lu O\4t 'by

of U.3 . '::';tn tc ,fi c •.i r

~:.c

feet thc t, 1cUlr

since. i t hLC:: nothine:, to Cio

t o t ho "rivct t hc. t it ,;c..s

u:l ~e rstood

co;;.}. trol over t ile

t l'.~

\;i

tb

~;;,'l

oc.r1 ), dcliberc.tions FOIC(";S

subj...ct then unde,r di s cussion ,

th~

str.:.tt.e,ic ca.:.-..LllC:cr should

.Air Force.

hc.G. cov..:red t hLt Wi:'lt Ll '!l

~UIO~ .

t l"1l 31 ,D:::ecdle r

l ....:.k.;,

by c.11 conc el"OlG'd t !l<. t he ai d hLve

~H!l t il

hi.

c.ppo~s

It

c i, Il1~r

Ii. rt of

c.d::::inist r~ t1vo

unlik.:l1y t hc.t

t~.c

t:iscusd 0: ••

Go ne r .::.1 6PLL tz l7G'!lt on to 5':':; t lu t &c.G:ts,U<..I'tI3rs . ,,·J.r :;'orce . 'i:oul cl

cor~fuslua. 0:1.

i:p... ..,(;l '

,\.:..5

,,£)V I,O,

of th",

CJ.l

L;.c!

( s :,:""G. for c: clt-r ifiq r. tio:l .

c lse ol):i ous 1:(; l C;L..r',-. ":"'h ... t

~ r(llo~l:. tod

L.ir divisi cn tut, r or t :·,u

!l ~-":' Fi~tt:;r

Ei~.1. th

fret,l hus:'.:.:; f'c.rk to F.... c.d~ut.rturs of t he

first h(:;Lri.::'l{,

Fl ghtor .,Co:....-:u..n a ';:01.11':

thc. t

SU1\:,;

Co::: ..<-r..e.

t~o

st Ltus of Fi 6h tor

-to t l'.c: posi tiol1

~::... :'lt

Cc;'l;(. r cJ.

Ll'l~

fu nctbon

c:.t l ot-st , '!':oulC :rotc.in

In t hi s cb ...nt,tJ iLl. til.: stc.t1,lS of

F1~t c. r

CO:':".Lnd

V.'Q

heve

r:nothe r i ns t.t.noe . of th~ : ntluone:o or tho ~~.c. ri Bnee of the N.o rth _ J.tr~Q u.n ...ir i'orc.(: on t ho.. U.S. StJ"c togt e ..4.r ;Forces,

t/cst

SR~o tt. hLti int..;;6l'Lt <:G the e scort t1 8hte r

thc.t c..1:r for ce, General unit0\3 mth ,he

In

~.lb ~n~

c.nC: t v.l..Qd thLt he Ilt.G r. better fi ghting

'ew tn " t bct way then ' /han t he tightora: ..a re und9r t he co::nuld

..

or

0.

distinct fiahter or&c.lizr.t i on ,

~p;:.c, h

i ncao LteG t r.c.t bt. i ::l'tend... d to refine: t hu £.Ircn86...~nh

thLt hCld deve lo~ d unde r ~ ~ tJ .~~, ~:v' +,i r Forcos i n U,K,

.,.4-

' Te 1nfoJ'~ d •

c.ot uo l

ov ~

roll

of thc t I-CIioc! ·(...." 9 ~Of: to be
~'J.T

:';:(:flvi cc Co.:._{neCr,

s..."i c~

c l e .l ents

'lbe La

en

e sse~\ti c..l

to tl:\~ o.t-OH. ti. on of ,, ~ c h '-ir fOI-ee ..-:ou l t! bv dt.:si e,nc. ted os the s_;rvicu

c ~.::>4-;'l.d

o f t hL.t dr tor 90 , 'I7hi l El t ho

Gepots ":OUl d be put of · t he ovu r L..l'+

'. orko d out

I

ho·,.· ev ~ r ..

t ho

P L.:IIU

;~t this poi n t. Gella;: xLl

.

c.bout s ervice tbL~

gr O~j) .

J.j.:J"

i.j.r L<::;.ot

:J. ~go e.enc. r~

Sa z:v1cc; Co;X:.£jld,

1 ~

1t

.".I'o£. , tho gonor ,-l de pot _

KnuTr ux~';ssed s oo:.;;e conce r n

1nvolvc..:.e :\t . Llld it -Uc.s ;: &rc;\3d b>, r.11 prescn t

1 t would be; U" CtlssG.I'J' to look i n t o t he future t o t r....

tl uc \·;r..::n . i n

cQnn\.l c;t ~ 0i.1

6 vciltUc.Ut~ os eQlti ~cJlt

\.1. tt. t h.:: j. nv (.siQO of the Conti ntlnt Ulcl u,iJOn it. t ha E ~ t;hth _ end tIt.;. Ni nth ~ J.r

Prelimncry Dr£:1't No.1

plonn1.ng \1i til thLt possibili tj i ;. ~)

oi.l~

~

sboJ.IC ec;::u;nce

t once.

Cx....;.:inL tion of the notes of this 31 Dcee__pcr conteronce

indi cctcs thLt theTa

,-;LS

No. such orgc...uu.tion

"PLoS .

s o::¥) iC:Clc.

ot

erecting, c. TrLini ng Co~d .

hoooycr. forthco.:ing.

The

contere~c

rec.c;:hed no defin1 te

C;e~isl 00 ,

t rainin6 r.us

dire ctly under the control of ijq. U.n.

plLc~d

bu ttho re.s.aXl&lS:J bili ty for

Strc.tegic J·J.r Forces in buroptt. GonElrLl

upC.LtZ. closud .the conferenco by .stC:tint; thL.t

o OG8S Cti:l' wou.ld te

set- up c.nel Tlould

b;"

p'~pLn. d

.stIut to

out l1 n lne. t he proposed OrB.::.lli'U.t10nc.l

Cc~era.l

This is en excellent inCiie.;. tiOD. of

,.

Strc.tc sic i.1r Foree ore;c.niz(;tion on or

cons~ tition

cccounts .. in l ....Tg<>

ill'DOld on 2 t .l:.f,

':Jt. 8

extent

1944.

whi eh the U" S..

eruoted wHbout do penclence

\7i t b Hq ...·. ruy .,:.ir Forces, l.x. L.S~le.

~o

JL.ll~ ..

Thct in4e;wndenco

for t hi.: un1
.set_~p.

This l Lck of orthoc!oxy hl.l3 b ..on cntic12.... d i n SOw;l quuters, but it is ne ll t o TC::le:.lbo T th£.t Gcno.. r o J Wf\:! 017U'C

SPC:;Cltz end bis OSS Oc1 Ltes

of this irrotul :::..ri ty me! felt th;;::t thv pi::culi cri ty

of the. s1 tuc.tion Justifh:G thci::l in Gstcbl1shi 1l6 L.!ly ldnd ot orgoili 7.£.t10:). uhi ch could ccct t.ll of "tho 'pI'Qbleqs and

".: Li,

=-' .... -.

;relitinc.r~

t:•..::su

Ouu 9£

t.t

r- conf(;x:c ~ c ll

irn.s,ului ti(;s

of tho;; t<..:puty

the ir stc.ff3 t 1.nco Cc.:l..:: r~

ri~ 5

no to t;

Co; .:~.:z:.C:ors \";i

C::l

t!l

Pro: f~ Ho. l

10 Jc!":u c:.r y .

SO!:l\'" ::...J .•,l:,urs

of

Y.n ;; rr . r..;lU:..:Jinin~ t r.c. c h ert of .·

orgCluu.tioll, pointeC out th.:...t t t.c {.;hio..f of f.i tc.ff "fl<:.S c:C.fini tc ly not i n tr.(; c r.u.n of corULnci , bu t

1;. 5 Co s ~crG tqi .:. t (.nci.

no t

'i.'h ... direct ,·.Q·"Oll"t.:.ct ·'."ith t he ccr.=:.l..ndins t>~nLl' Ll,

oxtc nt

,::hiob th(; div.tsion by depu.t1cs afforC:uc. , to r-

e l1 .~n .. ted

l ~ .rg(.

t ho... chi.::!' of stc.ff t.s t he f ocus of stdf

In tho:: U~.s • .!:.itr... t ''':t,ic 4·ir Force s i n J:.uropo ,

coordin ....tioil .

t!,,.; chi e f of 3t(..ff

f

li ke t h.... Ik:put:,. c01.:...c.ndc.:-r

I

Gq nc rol .hduuas I

.

.

in thlJ U.L • •.r-...Q..-ir lo'o:rees in U,K. ort,cuizc. tioD , 'Wc.a Cl k+nd

p rce e.ntinb t he

"y le;~J:-o int

of tho c OLl:-.r.J1din.; {;,ODt:lrc,). "flbc n shr.:rp

6iffere nC l;S of opi nion {Xos.:. , £.Del c.n i ncc r ..L..dic.ry bet;;e(ln the st!..ffs tuncti o .llog unC:... T thloi t \:o L.6plt1 e s .

·The

U~.:... .

Ot r t;. t <..e:1c •.ir Force s in Europ..! "ore Dot t r.orougbly

lOU:1Chc.d uI-Cln ' t heir e::...ror:r Ui-.tl l 2(, J"c.nu~ ry 1 944 .

t ho.: hcc.tl"Ut rteIs "'La still o:..bryo:..lic, c.nt: (.8

Hc;. . U. ::" •• J

.:.)' • .ir

o m r c s :;.onsi "t-ili ti<.:s .

Fo:::ecs

en

~,l

\ILS

U. K. ce l>c ll

::'5

t !ll.."t C:c..tc . P.I.,! . U.':;.

Until t oon

still .f unct!onin g c c..rryi ng on its

:.r. .y

...ir lI"or-c l.. s

fr~li ~;1 n~ry

Lrcft

I~o . l

Golv6,.tcd by t hL.t co...z::c."!ciinb t;cneIL.l to t h,-, ca...: c.nC:o rs of loY/oI I;;cht:.lons \:ere t o rutin v... s4d i::. t hose co:.,,:,..w:.. dors.

l.ir ]'0:C(:6 , t.l.:S to POSSt-5S , 'Ht-s C .:.....tt6r of .t-G rsi stcnt CO:JCf;r:.1

:-~

t tur _ r .:. t~ (.I £:Cc.oc:::d cclly , it ,:;0010::

(.ii~ ",Cl" .

slnc~

t

t tht.:

"ti:.)J h(.; 1Lo l;cd :...ny C:1.rcctive r ul:..:. r d.i :1e i t _ ct t ho ; .1 Dc.:Cf".l r...bo.. r cO!lf(,;J"t.;n~o

·.·h<..11 c..lllounc i nL.

con trol 0;· t b..

I

~.• l"l(,..;i

J::;i~!l tu.

i

~

ia vis i on

~ropos(..d

of his

Thl..5 J~n~ r~ c:.t l.:. fro;~ t to U. !:.. Joi::lt

hCCoGc..;.UutCIS b;} u;utit...s . Ch i u!!! of !:ltdf

t t...:.

rI r1 v..,c: . stt .ad

t41e

Fifteu~t:l

•.J.r

th ~

~'C1:

t

Ct-s

£". a:.:rl.uistr c. tiv ~ ~;o ul G.

coati,luC

to be vostoe I(.:sp.. ctiv(.;ly 1.1. t bl,.. co '::1!Jldurs of thtl turop..an t:.nd l!oUi t Qrr c:..(;c....

\; (.5 to

1~ L.vu

Tb.t:(;.t cr~

of

OpOI ~ . t1 on

I t:l ~ t i s I i n Ccn
its coroll,-IY i ,l t hu U. ......... tr;...1;..;gic ;J.r Forces i n

Cit:nt:.l.L l, jlo rth ••fr1cc..l ':i:"hc.-;..tu r of Opo:r:LtiO:)S, Gene r.:.),.

cir offic or in il1s CO..~

":" l~"::' .

ttu co . .inistrttiv..... cO:1tr oJ.. 01 ell

the ~·,!..l(.;rlo cll r.ir u:.1;;5 c·f t ~!I.t co: .... :u:i.

...... ~v

iii s tcr ,)" rc...,cr.tcC; i tsel!'..

JrCl l1 ::liacry Lrc.ft lio . l

ill 11is CO:.::lt....lcJ . .:ir u...1t s

ot

tl;.~

t .. .::.t

cc;. ~ ·~ '·u::,

t la.t rcS~OilSibili ty j.i

•

r :F orcos 1 :.1 l..i.:1C.

sc..r:.v

.:.d!:u:ti.s tr".ti .....;: cO:ltrol of c.ll t tl,)

I

011 2(;

ConcTel

3pr. ctz t..ssu:::Gd

t l.us .re;lC:13rine obsoldu tho Hq. U . S. ~·r:..y

I

•.....

;:uch

~:LS

c. bolishow t t.c

sc.: ~:.o

do.;, c..,d by the

o~cr ~

The di v ision by de ..·atias ....Ill t bc. ovcrt-;crid L. L of cu rtLL.

;.:1~

JLnu. ~ rY I

~..:..(;ri c t.n

FOlc e s in

~uro.w .

ric.3

not >71 t !1out its c.:l!lCyc..'CQ3 ,

tc#r.:d.nolo~

publis.i1C.d c.

s~ ...r.ll

"("/ bich it involved

Oossc.ry,

.lAo1 il istri..tion - ·,.he:!. ~quclifiod . Cd ~ .::i;lis tr.::. Uon i nc l ud(.s c.11 pll( s .. s of :.:.i 11 -tU'j' opt.~ to t ions ::1ot 1n....ol Y(,d i n the te:r....s IIh.ctics:! Q.:.O II 5 t :-.:.. t ... Q'.. I It co:-.:.prisl..s sup~ly I eVLCw.. ti 0.1 f sl.~\l tc tion . cons tructiO:1 , ::JC.:'n tcm.;lc(. I I'Cpl _c~ !.O£.. .J.tB I tr.:.nS.i-.o l·t , t or.. I trl.fric c ontr e l. s c lv C:.BO , e,rL.VCS l~t.i str(. t ior. , bl.lri( 1 s . co~....;put(. t1on s }X:rtd:rl. "l{S t o :-';'OV~!.:Lli t 3 . p..;rso.l , ~u l ;...;:.:.., to:X:l t. "ut.r t erin;l . r..u li ta.ry BOV(.: Z'.ll..i.O-.!- t I '-.:.LZ'tii... l l:~;'; . e .... :16QZ'sh1 1-' , Wld 0 t ~•..;r :;..111.;c. su."t .. ects •

..

Ope_ (.;.ti01l5 _ ·."hc.n u..'Q..lC.lifi c.d , op.... rc. t1 O;lB i :1C l uc:.... 5 ...11 i-hLS(;s of dlitcxJ opurc..tions i~lvo l \'(.:c! i :i t Il" ter.:.:.s I t e-cties ' I MstrLtc f::T' 1 C!lC ·trc.ii.li:l e a • ~t

me.h t h Lva bo.::eu i nteres tini,. c.:.G. i us!: r _ct1va to ~(,vu publisbed

.) 1 ~.

b:vcn Lt~Elr 2C Jcnuay the grce:::. lisht ''''''13 ~;ot fully on

tor Hf,£ . U. S .

Ztr.:.to~1 c

•.ir Fcrcc.:s 1n Euro;o .

;.. hec.clqu.:.rters

lotti-r of 3 Fcbrouy 1. ~44 ~xl'l:::jn·_ ' t o tt.~ co,:,"'r:l~(;rs.of t he ~1(!hth

i.iT Fore.:.:, the. VlII ;oir force.:

~e..rvict.:: Cc:':"':I"!Q ~!lC:

t ho

Bth f.itrc.tce1c ioir wpot ;.n:'L , t hc.t UJ.'lti l t he fi nc..l roori:..:.n1Zc.tiO:l

..

of the U.U , DtrL.to.;1c ..-. ir 101 ccs i n :i:;.uroliC

",L6

eo:'·.pl.... t.a C.;."1d

tho VIII .-i r Force Dt:lrvicc Cc;::. 4.n a c..s tr.o1J .'.1.1 O<,..rvico- Co:...:...cuC: ,

orgL!'.ioz.~tiOn:;

otil~r

\,criJ to fu:.lction L13 if tho.. reorg;...;.,iz. t 1 0n ".c ro

·..: crus . in th\", ci.Jdil of cc:..::...:nd t!'.c

i~o..xt

hii.hc.r ocholO:1

t:.bovc th~ th"u VIII ~"J.r F01CC ::,k.zvicc Co.:'J:':"'Ci ·:;·c.s liq. U. ;J" ~trLt;:;g;i.c

Ctrpot ;.x.:.c..

...1r :·orc... s in '~' LS

r:. un1 t

zuro~(,;,

\.hilo t ll.:o €tb Dtr.:.tceic

~.ir

Qi.' t hL: Li£.hth ":J. r Foxco .

h"c) c.pprov(,c t ht,,; :.c ..ivL ..ic-l.. of ~ll ··il ,J.~ ·.I~.. ico CO!:t:.Lnd , U. S.

"cl.ditiO:l teo his t:uti (;S

LS

tA:;uty

CO;,:~.~ :-.C:t,,;r

.-

:;

for 4.e ::1nistrLtio.:. , ·

Pruli: 'J.n: ry Drc.f t tlo . l th(J Co...:..:....n

::ar~

tce1e

J.ir FoTC\,;S i n l!.UIOp... . it. t fix st e,lc.ncl". 1 t ,-ppe •..rs SO;..lt,m!;:;.. t t..:.. ;t:l QUOllS th L"' t I in Ql

•

J~ .

OI2.c...:.UZLtio:.l such i:S

obje::-c t L..t (.v.... rj l)Qint

si:..~i-lic1ty

''' , '':.5

c.....').(;

of fw.lctio>i.c...l dudi ty ,

U. !J. :;trc..tcaic •.ir Eo.LCOS L l.£!.oaropo ,

1ll t ue ido'ltiC .... l

VIII :J.r J!""'orcc ,J,:..rvice COl.:...... ~nd Ye t the

situC:.t1o.~ tJLS

:lOt

of ;.c tio;l ,

.

for

tji ..

:anth i.ir

':.i.t~out

Li6hth •.ir

x "OlCC

'1"h__ P 'otl..........

L..Z \"'. '. ;!ll

E01C";

:....aC: ;y... t

I... C-V,""

.:::H..:. .......

CO~ll1.~ti on,

kina .e.s

shoule. ro.. vc teen p.....r..tl. ttcd~ loQ.c .

for.. . :.t.. tivQ l-crioC of U.. !"". 8trLtc..e,ic .. .:ir

ooly survlco cO:..;.._L.. . c:.

tru..

LS

th..,l~.

....

I n t:lIJ iuitid

.iOl- C(:~

in

.i:.uro~ .

".-..-h ich

:...::.c; su"t;S(J;UO:ltly \. "5

ror the.

s ... rvic<. co:..t:.. w:::r.~

c;..cu.::.ht l e ft oyer fo r

q

oyort...ll

To ,:,ccc:.- ,ylish th.so lLbyri n thlnc ruore..c.:u~Lt l01!S

L...'"l~

on t h.... lOi.,isti c . . . l

-. c ~

c...d,...:inistrLtiv.... slut! , it

I f thi s ... x... .:..c!h:nt 51:..1,:; lif1 (: <: ~..c.tt"rB for si:2plifhC: t he.:;. for

l-'r e ll ::-J.. ncry Drc.ft No . 1 Oile t:lse, it

~10

SPc.ctz c.nd BLVQ hi::l " cl .. Lr _cut

Gune r ~1

ccl::i.ustr c. tion over c. ll th,; .orcCo s l1.'1 ce r his ca:.J..:.mu . c.. tiro t.d::JillistrLt;!,.on over til

tr~

forc o s 1.lIJder hi s

cou :~cnd , <..

tim

c.dd.n1strl.t1ve r ein OV6r Ll1 t he U. :.i , 4J'=r::/ ....ir Forco s tunctions i n the ,,;hol e of

~he ~urop6c..n

Oil the:: OP(;1 c.t10u.a sid...

Th<; c ter . of OpeH.tions . I

Gen':"TC:+

Sp c.o tz

frO'_~

lci d dOl.!fl thL p ri ncipl o:. . thc.t he coul d not . \":i th

ul

too outse t t.i.o }:olicy

respons1 bili tics I Lnd \-:ould not I 00 .:.1 direct ly ,'·i t h the of t b... fo;-c,," s unC:er hi s con trol. Opc~i... tions,

}.iL jor G.:c n"rc.l

cO:"r;JU1d~ rs

In hie Luputy Col...::...:..ru::"r for

. ':'.';crsol1 .

h~

"hou hl.: c O\.l l (. hol d rc.!:S}..Ol'l:.i t l ... fer tLt..

h...d s si ngi..:: i nv ol v(,..~nts

i n~ivie.u c. l

c.twn
4PO:l o;r... r L. t il16 cut of t r,"Q ui(.o l y c!iffc T(;n t t hecte r s of cpc rc.ti ·ons . Th... LGr4 nis t rc.t1 vo wld l o(;.isticc.l j..iicturc frO'!"..l ·.7bere CVncr-.... l

.:JPC.Ltz s c. t, \".... 8 ::;trictly

i!ltr L _ th.~LtcI · .

oon Ci!}.... d to

tho Eurol-c Wl Thc. ... ur of pp..:rc.t1ons ; t he op...:n.tioDS }4 cture t·cs

I

, I

M... ditcrr ::..nec... . 'l'he c. t{..rs of

Op... rcl t1o~"ls .

~m r....l

~P c.c tz

II

wc.s fccc d , I

vi t h t-.:·o rcs... onsipl l.t ti<..s I lrrf::oconci l c.tl y
s .\ e ~ss

of t he ;;...L;riCc.:. s tr.::. kl;.lc rol" 1:1 t bo

EUlOp...;t.:l cir '":C.I, L;."lu. hi.; f .... l t. tb... t t lJ,c. 0;11;.. v::"y hel coulJ ::x:t: t

t h9SC rcs ... o:wi t ill t1 ,;. s cl ivi31 0n by

de~utics .

".;~

t hr ough t ilo ,.).. ':'iil!_! of

I.

o!culy c!e.-fill'.;d

.:..ir Forc,Js in Europ:: . t h<.; pwrscran·. l of ••-3 Sc.:otion of Eisljth .J.r Forc(.. c.oa U. b •••rlay •.ir For<;,-s in U. K. 'k..::rc for:.:-...:d iQto tho td.I\.ct on. tc of Opo.:.H.t ions ·1 '::1th Golo:}c l

•

J C::iJ.. 3 }.... .

Ll1t.CC I"P I

t.t its h..:.{.d . 1.

!3inc" H(;cdqu::. rt.:.rs I U~q .~.r:::y ;.ir Fon~(;~ in

Euro}X.:

~riod

.,(..$

fOl .:.

of t ,.. o l..onths . 1.5 C(.. tooor... 15

1 943 I l'l:.s ...onsi blo t "'r t h.:.. con trel of

t \"l O

~cc ::::l.ber

b1:. ForcC=8 , tlK.:

~tJ".th L,ld !anth. 2 • 1"t; tli.;.,ht to L..Ss..l~d t hc..t t~,-, o:;c r .... Uon.:.l control of t h(.; I!.i etth Old l1ftc",nth .•ir i'orc\, 15 under U" B.

t h(.. pert o f Coloo... l .•.~ ll c..elJ Uld hia: stcl'f thC_l hed teen

tht:

in

ot th<.l

cdminist n:.tivt.; " sid~

U .~~.

en" the LiI·:..c"t;or

of

0";"1 ru..~d
thu oj..Ur.::.tioncl

O.t-I."r... tionc.s, U• .::.; . :';tr~ t"" S:.ic

~.ir

Forct:$ i n :i:.uropt:. . CU\ r (.;:..o ily be: sho'.en to t<.; S4pClfficic.1 by

L

considerLtion of t i""....

H1nth .nil' Fo:;: cc b...lc::Ju

For

5C1.:.o..

tl t~

hLd 'bo'-,:l eon trcl_i n,t.:

1 . 'J~'f. _~ GO 2";;~.:F

1'0. 5 .

~r .

O}.it.:H

~ .~QV lo u 5

t:... .

oc ....rior to t h:; ti:.\:. '-:lu:.o the

t i on.... l in t h", U. :"{.

/

,

• .;.- 5 , l::.ighth....ir Force ,

o;..c.n.tio.Q3 of both VI II

1 1 J:.n 1 )"44 , :;::.;.sT.2 G.i.LR...L OR1..C.:.:J

i n t.:K, GC r;o •. l , l,5

ff-Ct

1 ,).1...3

,Us.:;;.?'j !~ Q:l;J:.R. __

ORU.L::J .

Bodt-.;;r CCQ.::c.!1Ci. e ••a V:-II ;.it ::"U;"POlt

CoU.l(';·,~ ,

the fWlctions thLt t hLt control ... ntc.il ... d .

:.:",rfc1'min.; ell

:·.h..:-.n tho: iHn t h

•.11' Force ;';cs e.stdlish... (;. in i.ni:.1c..nc , it simply took ovor tho,; Wli ts of VIII . ..ir

opc :r:'c..tc c..s t....for(: .

•

~Uppol· t

CO:..!·.tlll:

t

•••

Mch ccntinu...:d to

. .-3 .E.i &hth ;,ir ...'o:..ce. .

"buCCClC. .....

3 . u.s .

.. .roy ;.;1.:: 1<'or<:-e.5 i,1 U. K. , end JX;rforr~rl t he. so:.).. fu..l').ctions

for tb.... Hintc. .: .i r Force thet i t VIII ;.11' SU.t)port . to

~

t hl.. '::;ssu!.l:t;tlon cf c.tl3 ·.I~jvn .~S , U .L~··n..:y

;.ir

IJi" cotor c. t ... of Op':'lLtions .

ct:.LD.~(J

f

El~tb

£::ld the.

jlf t ""'~lth .

it bee: not hc.c"l to consi d" r

c.ddit1Ctn~l da~i(Js .

F01CvS

U . ':" . ~tr ,

i •• U, K.

I b...CU~~

tho.:

t "' i:i c •.:ir Fe.'rcos in Europe ,

it did C:.Ssur.u., I'Cr.ponsibilities

not only

OI.l5t ~l~n~ t,L

thc.t,hL(.

tx,(;.l

eculci b<..

r(.c.e~)(..d

-,1~.i c h

Thew t-;.o ;,ir :Forc,::,s

t.uforc ~

opGtr o.tioe, i n '::irlQ ! :;' scpc.rc,t(.d

t i~ ...

onll. c.nd die.. not

r.i tl:i 0lA-'rc..·t ·: oncl coutrol ovr..::r t-,.o •.1 r Forc,,-s , tho

hO\;tJVGI

tibet

iA-rfc.li:x.d f on.lcrly for

Thus . t h.., cAdi tion of c.not .. ...l ;.1r Force

ts Jurisdiction ,,· 5 c.. noninLl

uu ~ t.11

H" N

h~d

:,:c.c.a for the.:

e(;o~r qh1cc l

,.tt~ c ..:

rct;ions i

of ::,D.'1.y .t uf;cts

lA..;>ODC: rc.::.e:. bc.fort;. . but since sou- tugl,. ts

t? d tllcr fc·re ...

1

! t :JU!3t

to

oct<:.n:.1n~d

concH tions -. CI"C; wldcr · ',:lli cli. o.;.i the r eould protl tc..bly

ottc.c;, it;

th.:.. Ldv, ntt.c.l,.;s

in h~ l'(;nt

in th.... I-0ssibil1tica of

both eou p l ';;f.);.llt ur . LnG. coord! n
enG cXI-loitcd; conside. rc.tion h;:d to be

giVe.~l

to tho:: plmniQ8

of c.tt.:.cks to suppozt th.... Russic.n o:.:f(;nsi Vi; cnd: th0 f:.round C:lil'pl:.if,n i n Itt.~y ~

?h... s,:;

"vr~

:previousl)' beon considered py of O'p... ~etions; th(. .,:.cori< of

..

~ht.

fectors y;hich ned not th~

cent.crs of thu Lircctor£itc

L-iT'Qctorc.tc >.'us furthL;r

inCTC Ls ... d by th:,. (;x}:t..llsion of its othL.r functions , occt..sio!l,-,d by th(.. grc.::.: ;:cr Be{.l .... of op....r.:..tions to b..;; .;:.i r

conduc~t)d

by the t"!1O

Forcus ~

':1"110 ·

1~r:a

tctiPQs

do nn pc:;.4 "\: of

i~PQ;s\.;d

Co ~;rQ(. t,.;r

of this DL.·..' 4:Oi tu..:. tio!) - -

tb:.. o"th.:.r f~c r.l

i~ I~Lly t

the poin-;: of

by th...: PC50ntly

I..xpcnsio::;. ClpoP. thw

' t"o

h~_

t

vcilc..blo:.; sourp.::.s

siSlJif1cc~c(;

vy borol 'or forcl;:s t OD(: in th...., U.• Y...

under thr.. 0l- __ rt..tion.:.l control of onl.. co..r ...:..nd"r

v i~ t'

of thl.. I..l.f(;ctor of

Op;.;l" c.. ti~DS ,

:.n

,

c..de'luc. t;... dcvoi-op!lC.:n t of tni s ph.:.s(; · of th.... or~c.ni z.:. tioq.c1 c..nd functiond stucJ.j. 0(...'1 tcs"t; be l!u;.d;; throU(h en

Ulc.lys~5

iU.::s of the D1rcctorc.tc l"...'1d cO:}Bu1tLtiO'l '.,1, t h upon ..... ;.Or:l the.

rn 11

...- 3

n(;',7

.i;:\.~th ~4r

of tbe

~tl,.. inCl.ivi~uw~

f.nd Qro.c:.de:nod t.:..sits i.:..11 .

JLnUq~

f

1944 . Colonol

':orc\':' .:.no

U . ::'.~.r.ay

Jc~.s

h. ·.. q1ccl.. ,fon:...;rl:Y

•.ir Fo.:rc\,.:s in U. l{.

i.:ppoiritcd Dire ctor of Op.:;r:ctions . 3.

! ' ' '..5'

the

~e.si

tien n:'l:u:i""!.i..d vcccnt until 12 :r"'"brur...ry

'.'cs I'C q,:po in"tt.:d to thL ~e{)i tion ..

duJ's lc.tcr ~t i5

Colle:

,fll:.;n ho

oclly to be.: r.::li.... vcd ten

5.

r~illc:..ccd ty Colon,""l .;·.j.frod R. l~;;'xrlc..l1 .;.c. 6.

intt,..rc::.t108 to not" tnc.t for c. title , eolon.,;1 r,1c'X\"m1l

WElS •..s~t . i..cputy CG

•

1944,

Opc;rc..tions ':'5

f01·

Qucl1ty of functions

~

·;i'::: l.1

cs L/Gps; this

h cvc beer. indicLtivl.; of c... pos;i.tion

of priori ty hc;l.d by t h(... DircctcrL·.. 1..; of Op.. . rL.tions over tbo other

dircctor~tl.: 5 .

Tho..: Covoi 1 .:.b1<;

s~ttcr11n Ccc~~ Lx~cuti v c ,

·Jc..DUU')'

1944 ,

W1Ci

Lirc ctcr of

to the Fh..ns !:ICCtioD, on 15 ov e r his Qutii..s in the.

0p~rctio~a ,

in

-.. hvn th... J..i..ttCl" \·;c..s trLnsfcr;rcd

'po!;i t10Tl

!~O-;)-

l S45 . I.'!cjor H. R. V(. lk

Li~ctcrc.t .;!

i..vd1c:..b.le soure£,; for t his

s:v~ cit'ic.

nothing

h,""l
succccd..o d by Colonel H. ·.. . Ohlkc ,

tho

:rcCOH~S r~vQq

of Cpcrc.tions{'i't..:. ooly

info;r r:''"'ti~!l

7hic~

:;:..c

~ool<

is the telopnonc

fillc~

th-:..r :. 1L)

4 . UW7~.F GO ~Id . . . :r

d~ructory

r~o . 8, 27 ';l.:i"l 1 ';44 . U J.,5~· __.F GJiU.. Fi•.L O:::.lEFB . TPis I"cvoK;.;d s_v ... :J.tc ;.nU7) £,c.l.c r_l L sp..:ci .. l 3~c.f.;

[;ppoint;~nts~

GO No . 5 , 12 lob 1544. "iJ~~' ..:.F Gt;i.;LH....... c:r...r.LKi.

b. U::i~T...F CO !J O 10. 22 Fub 1944.U:'::'T.,ioof GE!mR•.i. cm:'£B'J

5. i.i~'i'''Ji'

.:;.IJ.

~

In 1i~Y, 1$44 . Colond 10 . J • .sutto::rlin bclcux: toputy [·ircctor of,

~f

t ..,' o,

.:no.

c.vcil Lb1~

O:p~r[.tions .

Ji.• .l1 . !...~ton fil!l..d tr:.ct post .

Co1on~1

SOi.ll"C(;

':lh<, f0110':,"1n;:, uonth .::. secone dc;ru t y

f..:;r t :', is

di!c:ctc·r:,. fer li... cdIiUGti.-IS

inton~t:t io:'1

, U . ~ •.str.:.tt. c..ic

Ord... rs ,Ii<.: c.dq'.lU't... rs, U . :..; .,:..,tll.. t'-t:i C • .ir of l:.:Hlointl.ll..nts to

of

G~r.:.t

is th":

s ~·~cif:ic

•.1I

FOIC'i;:~

~ositions ~ , ltil.in

(Th,,; o.11y

t(.; h:pho~v. FOIC':'::)

in

L-, -",urcI"")

LUIOYJ.i. ,

th... Lii<,ctC'n .. t,;.

OllS telo'..' thL.t of j.,in,atc·I , i ! LJLY b..: Ls.::uo..d u-.;:.t

l " tt<.:rs or v""rb ... .. Ord(;;Is .

In.:.1 t !l.;..r c(..s.:., th" l.uth<"ri ty for

Lil<.;otc:.rc.tb .

'l'ht.

~r..I1i

st

or~L.tliz(.tions

th~ Lil\..ctoI;; . ~C:

of

~,,"H,ti ons

Lce fu.l!.;tio!'lLl ell. rt for

Lvc..::'lc..b!1.. in tl.\,.. r.istorice:.l

•.r !" hiv~:::. do(;.s not indi c .. t(.; ~ " hLt its brc •.d rcs1--cl1sil;ill t i ... s ·. 'uI\;;. , O,\'i.;r cnd e to" _ til.. . Sf,cific ' c::.uti ... s Lllottc.d to its

sub_s,. etions .

Si nc,;.

i~ ', (. ~ L

ccnti n u.!t·: on of tt,\.. ..-3

:.:;.. . ction,

l''reli mi u (.rj- Drr.ft No . 1

cf U~~ • •·n..'Y •.ir Fcrc.::s in U . I~ . c.n.o l.iiht h ~.ir FOlC~ . it m . y

b<.. L.s.:..u..:.. L d ti::d

i ~ r. d th·,:. ,lor,.:.... . 1 f u..'lctions of Ul ••- 3 ~(; ction;

ho,...;vt" X, it is 1::;" no ...I . us C.._ I t ::.i..l t hr. t it r ""tu :1_ d .:.11 of its old fur.ctioi.1S. c lci i

-r;

t:lU.;3 t llevc. tr.k.:,u O!'l. so!.....:.. n<:. . .;' c n .... s.

Th.... ch ut i:1r.. ic.:.. -,;..:. s t l ,Lt t b. . . . LL C:ctc..I.:..t.. . . ::....5 c. t t h is til...... di·... i d~d l il tc. fiv~ sut - $_ct 0 :1.5 . -.: iz., ':! t. ctic[.. l .'lr :.... in~ il!... )_.ir G(...f ;.: t~,

'.,,- ,,, tii... r

• Lnd Oro.:...ni:.:.:..tion . 7 ~

1 2 j " bruLr:,.'

1944 . the ..... c:..... tl.i... I sub - sec tion

>:': C.5 rUJ:X)v€l d fra..:l

t he control of t h,,:: Liructor of OJ=-.:.rc.tions . . nd s o t up :::.s

L

th<. Opcrcti ons Li visio!l of t l:<. D- .;,:u t¥ Co:.n:u:.noin6 (;t:;n~rl...l for

~ "'r",,:r Lt"lons . 8.

•

l<>tt... r t o C.iG:1l,..r:....l _.I n olci in '::hH: h h .... st c.t ",d t ;iL.t

"'f, • I.:

.... Qt. t

cnly

h.'-x Ct. l'l trr..l ia t h... s ;.t"ci r.. l stLff pf tho:. 3tro::t.:, ;;.ic

•.:ir foro e CCJ:..ln:-m1.:.:r . ·

,

~.

TIl;'" r 6 ;;.s ..:rn t LC ;.c of tLis (j.;,;ci sion

Or.:.(l1izt.....:iof. Gll . ..rt.~;jc Cps,circ L ..i.'·... b ~ 1C;~4.u~'"T ..'.F Die OfIG,nl:E ::.",.:~ G; c.:_.fI'l:. . . U:;:'I'.$ ~O i.-.;o ~ S • . 12 Fc.: ';.: 1 9i.. 4 . U~:"_J a.:.:. z... n. . . . . CRI4!.li'.j l..t.r!tt . v_!l CLrl ;';'J.1~c... tiZ siLJ ,(.;.d 'Tooo y .to G~ n . :·;C!lry H.4'J"uo1d, Cu .::'; , 11'0 at.: . y , '"t.u t 1n ;..(;1:.::. l (,;vi O(;I.cCo incac~: t.:;S tL~t i t ';,'cs 'i..'ri tt",n ... c.rly in

m-:.;

8.

t;~ ,-,

1 r<.li::-.in ... r:,. Lr:f t Ho.1

to be p-o",;iacd :let

Q111~:

to thu

;~r:tJ

;oil FOIC... S. out elsa to

· ,~·... 5 ,tIc.ce ~ . ..; h'" ••rmy Gr::unc.. L'l d ....,._lV... t,; . 10.

'"i th this .c.ssunption

of rcsponsibili ti ... !} outsic..(; the. srt.url.. at i ntur(;.st ¢f the Dilcctor

ot Cp"'Ic.ticns.

~hc

·" Qc.:.h", r :.x.,r..-ic.... s ae lOD . .... r

justifiLbly bt:lone,od UDt.c.r h.i::s cornrol.

•

stc.tus u.s

'.I~du .

'.• hLi t its pasi tion

I n "...h ,. ...; of Gt..nc.rLl \. (.6

c.n:::

t!ll.. chl..nc:.u in its

~p"'t.tzls st("~c:;'lC:nt

te. t", . it i s not chu'

~'.h>'

on '

it ·...C5 (...v""r '.

incluet:;d in th\,; r,iHC .oIet<.: of Ci-uH.tions. ':rh·..· orbc.niultion ' :::"6 ~'.-i

::"b,:;..in ~· cvi s(;d .

yJotcbly in Uu-c .. ,

t h only t·.Ie Sub- sLctions oc1ne. s"t 'Up. Op...re:tio
Uints , uLoil W10<':+ t ::u... control of

t.

Le •. uty Piroctor o't Olic:rc, ·tions .

J1,...quirCiI.lt.:nts '\"LS furt ..cr brc kon do,.n i!1tc iJ.locLtio!.l$ end

Priori t ies ,';""chnic...l. L!'ld Tr.:..1n1nf:. ll~

The nDtcl5 @,lve no

indictltion'oi" the' TeO!!ons 'for ·or 1J"b sit:,nificc.noc of thl..su: :. lr t~r cr•.cl t ,d t. tcQ, c.nd

~q.l ir~ r.:cn ts ,

~~p!il

ChL.1go.:S .

l Sl,.4 t ar.o\·;s on ly Op,.;rc. t .:. ons

r:i ti,out tUI tt..(.;r 5u,b - di visio~s .

Hr\~v . . . r,

1t

is unc(;rti..in ;.ht..th.;;r or !'lOt c. chQ.'lb": in. th.; orgwlizc:tiop h(.d

beell wc..dt:: , since; U'1.. cr.Lrt cove rs t he. cntir o

Op~rLtii:m8

tiviaion

c.nd oC J not bi \'C t... CO:.lfllctc ~rcc.~dc ~ 'O of OC.Cil d1roctorr.:t..: u!ldcr til... r....puty Ccu....;.:n6iilfo, Gi...ntrLl for Clierl. t ions. 1 2 • ~

--------------~

~tr . su~.:.:

F.uspo~l::;i

- - -- -

bi 11 t~ tor ,.e ':' tt,,,,r :3....rvicc to Uni t i.!d ;JtLt,,;s Fcrc",s i n th_ I!:urcp .. (n 'Tn... Lt.... r of C,Pcrttions , Lt . Gcn. C£l~l Gi'0cit~ ICG , U;';::;T~~, t o CG,SU.p:r..H.lC~ 1..1liQd cO!....':lt..'ld ,:t;TC.U':;A.., ' . 7 Fe b 1944 ,I Dj.Ops . oco. 73 f·~ ' tCt. t l:"r Gtln",rcl 1944 . l l .. . Cutlin.. . of ·I;uti {. s (,lId Or(:.£';liz(...tion of: Lireotor of C;lc;rction~ , ' no dLt~ . 1/c.'ps t ilt;. 320 . Cr~w"liL:(.tion of U~T~'.F H::.. . 12 . Orf.t..:liz'-ticn Chcrt .L/C c.ps , •.p:ri1 lS4~,U~"l.;':F Llc Cps Crl::..L1"liZf,t . on Ch.:.rtp . "",'" l e"

~

.

7

Prclit:1inc.n Drtlft IJo . l ~ ..

s ... r1oua ocd:!.ficc.tion in tt....... function~ of U.,." Dir6ctorc:.t~

of Op\ir<..tions nl.S 1.lLC:U ·..; hbn til!.: Lil&ctorc.tc of rlule "" E.5 BstD.bl1ah~a ,

IS ••pril 1544 .

(.licl

d(:vclopinE;, !:nc coorGim.tin&

eivc:.J. t ir..;.

thl.. 01;(;IC.l l

' Ian. the. ros•. onsibilit) of t ...... U. :3 .

r.~sponsitility

stn.tC:Sic

:Jtrc.t ~E.i c

'.1'ccti(.E.l 111c.n in.;.. ho,;... vdr , r(:l:..... in... d

l:.ur0lX- .

of

:plt...:lS ·.. hich

4dr Forc ... s in i..:

fu.i..ctio!1 of

thl.' 14:r~otor of" Op...rLt..:..ons . 13 . AA ors<:.:uzl.ti o:l. c!t.. rt of I e •.u.;;ustlS:"4.. ShO";;8 thu.t the titl~

of tr.:t;

L~j.,;,;ctor

of ·C}:ocH."t:i.on:s -;;t.s chc..'lc.. d to IL1 .ruetor

of CJlloiI ... t ons uld Gp""Ic. t ioncl rl~l::.lin~... 14 .

It is t::33uw.. d

cOordl nc.tins st:J'r.tee,ic pll.ns . ·::·hic h hL.d I.:.C... ~l N li nquisll(;d 1;0

Dirt.c tor of Flc.ns . r<;cson for this liLS ,

It

I-l~ "

In th(;

c hc.n~ .

Obsul").ce

Olle

t:lL;)

of

SOUIe..:

onl. sp.

t h~

11"- t~r 1 ~ 1 on tho:.

cul,-t~ ;:.s

to uhut it

l:c.vo "teeJf bJ;""oU£.ht c.bout by tho::. CCko1l-l ... t <J

SUCCCS,5

of tr.<. l !lVC:.Sio,"".I o...wr. tion enG 1 ts l i
probludi of

13 .

14 .

'.

post - hcstiliti~~

.t-:l<""l1ui n.-:. to c10 ,:,u:::.t1cc to th.., tt.si<.s

l..tl, j·.c.j.G<J::. :lr~cl L.~w:lCjo rson , r../CG Cps ,U-.NT•.3 ,to trig a....n. C. 1'. Cc..bo:.1.l. Hq. U..::.:.:.. .F , 22 .•:pri 1 1 $ •• 4. D/Ops .Fi I v 320.

Or6cmizLtior:. of .ti~ . U::i:jfr. "J' .

C"l'i:l....lizLtio!l c~ .. .r~.1.i~~~ ...? , l C ...Uf:.

l r;44 . U~T.. J

C;'G.!l.IS.'I'IaI

C:tL~

Frclir.Unaj IJrr.!'t Ho . l

ioposod by the res;..onsibil1 ti ..:.s for 3tr .. te~ c

rr~o to concentrct~

£utir¢ly

pll..n :'\i n~ .

u~o~ ~ ost - ~osti l iti ~ s ~tt~r.s .

·" iti. this chc.nt.c i:..l 1\ll.iction. t ht. DirGcctorc.t e spli t in t o th... fo lla:,iu b sub-s{: c tions:

"';(.$

Current OJ.:...: r Ltions ,

Technic:;.l Ik-quire...: lfmb I Ope l ctionc:..l FIL!lllin8 , CO:U:luru.cc.tiOfj.S t

•

Rcco~ tioo Tn..inine ••Lllocc.tion r:ud }'riori tLs • .t..'"\~ Ti=c.;i.ninb.1S • The. noxt chL!l{,e ccoo " i th tho;; n;orsc.:.-d zLtion of the

eot1T";: HoLdC:!.uc.rti rs. on 15 1:L)' 1945 orthodox

If ••'

viz .

I

I'lc.t.lS , Req.nxct:£:nts.

cnd fl'.. qu(..nt ·~he

e~ "'l\...~8

LlrcctoIe:.tc of

nu:. t ericl,

I

Op",rCti o llS

·CL t

·::<.. r. tr,l..o, COU;·,U _.l. ·Cc.: tl 0:18 ., l b .

'>1hich t ook plLe;) io the ore,cni z::. tiO!1 of t .... cc.\!S (. of

OJ:\,;rE..tion~ .

:..cf~rer.c t:.; \ ;'L8

the Urc.ctoILt..,;

I

Cp~Ic.tioIlB .

'lli...1 n106 , Gycrc.tioDLl

I

t:lL.d<:: to t il""

ut1liZl..d cos r udir..:,., ntc..I".. oIf,c.n1zLt1on

1S.

1 t re ve rted · to the

5tc..fi' s)isto..;_ . with tt..c Lilector of

s1x tlub - s,-, ctioos

:.:;'

I 7i he n

id th t:..n cr:dlt.;.ss

~h.;;,

t.:.:l& p~ou ....

c:~(. rt.s .

(..~di"tion

... Luci t~ of SOUIQc directories of

'iht..:;€J

sho':: [.

c.nd ch;lution of ti t11.9

- .. - - --

Cr&CJ: i Z ~ tion Ci"l c..rt .U::;;;~":·. :,lo' . 1(; ".u(,us i 1 944 1 UiJPT.. ~ OF.C.·~ l l:"'.'I'! (! :

CI-:".Rr:.J .

1 6 . · U::.::"'!i-F GO !;0.4 ~ , 15 :t.:£.::1

l <;loS. .. .' ~

USS':o.';.F CL.:.::'I;..!.. CRJ:C!,ru f

-

Pl'Qlim I:ory Drc..f ,t No .1, Clnd c: shifting of ine i vidu... ls fTOO on.:: position to c:nothu r . Th oro is c.:.'l obvious :,)(;(;d for l."C:souc h 1:0

th.:.su c ul tifc.r1ous

thu rcsul t of hone fido

e ~c.nf.C= s .:;(..I'iJ

~-

chWE;.6f1 of ttlllction or of en i n;.:.blli t y OrB~Z c.tion ~Dd c.s~ i Bn d~ t i ~s

~otcrn1n u ·::h~ t hl.; r

~o

, Iorl'\: out c. s c.t isfcctory

1n suc h c. r.cy c.s t o insure tbe

rcoc1 nud csse!ltlullr t he sc.r:IO . Tboueb none c.pyu{lts: ira;. t he

ot t he

..,.vi ~enc c:;

f~.c tion( ~ 9 h~ ts 50 lndl~ ~ t~ sJ

i q tht/ fi l es of th{;

it

Lircc:torr..t~

of

OpeH:ti ons t h<..:t thLt s.:.ction (.ct(.d : s t he; pr1 ncipc. l busln(;ss

offiCG for t h!.i l:.xc:cu ti V..:J ;.ssi s t mt to

t~

leyuty Cor.oc.ncliue,

Gencrw. for O,Pl,irLtlons i n his cc;.......cl ty

L oS

8upc rvlsor of :the

inter nt.l fUnctioni ne, of thl;; !?pet itions PividoQ, 1.(.: ., of 011 t ho:: plrac1orr.t...s under Gcm.. ILl ;.n "",rson '8 control ,

}i:xc c u tiv~

• .sSistCllt to t h:,;. r:cputy Cor.r.:c..ndint GuI).c;-c.l for C,?:i'rc.tions .

I n t his connf.:ction., i t should G(; period of c. t h~

i!~n t L

or

l'!l~re

:.;.oi n t ~d

!;u:.~'

hi..Vu Sv t t h ..

cu-;, e:e,cin , t h c.t for

tr.u.;; Li 1"", C to r of o}.-<..> r c.. ti ons n£s c.lao

.. .sst . l e~t:t· Cv.....:c.nc. i ll.:. u..n... r .:.l for

th:;:t ti .:'l...

It u»Jst

pH.c~dl...l t

O~.~f.:.t :. ons .

o.nd duri ng

for utlli::illS t il", offi c e

Co

Pro1ioiQ-czy Drt:.ft No . 1

of Director Op Gp.:.re.tions to ~ttcndcnt

upon his othel

'I'hv lists of

~"rror..l

c~~~city ,

fu.l1ct~on.s

functi onc.1 chats LllQ i n th....

\i:4ch '-..pac..r on (r~U1i :, er.tio:.1.

U. G,.::..tr.:.tl,..G!c ~ .ir FCICCS in Europ,-, . pict~o

•

lis~s

of ta....

U'~

tleunin~

~'; o:rk

t;',(. cldri cc.l lior k

co

til~

v;;.ricus

1knuc:l of Ji;c.c1Ci.u(.!. tel S ,

not e;i YO c.n r.d....
of thl.J Lir.;:ctorc.tu of Gperc.tions',

1;"L n.:ly yr.e,uu .

~(;n'-'T::. l ,

stC.teti(;;lts uhich

...Jitho~t furthur (;:Xl'l.::.llLtioll ,

~cv(.;

t

such c.s

t ho~o

r:hich folIo ... ,

TLctict;.l sut-\.A.ction: 'I-':ci!.ltq.na tc.cticL..l l;ctson ' :1 t c oCY..;!.!lL.:i.l ds (U:3J.,;.F Lnd R.oF) , ~

~._ }!I'Ol-ric.tc

'WH:.t is OoJw.lt by "tc.cticLl lie:lson." ',Ih~t £.I'~ thos~ Lp;rop:iotEi coolOl.ds'," How 1s this lidson ~:!..ntr.ined . \-;h~t racchin... ry 'rH...S s ... t up for 1 t~,

lust '.:-hL t ~OI"s ti.'is ;.lo..-Lll ',

lim:, is. it don,"-',

Is it Co "-jor fWlctic,').. or r..cruly c:

rq1n~

Jol>'

',.he t !\.. por t.s '"",lI... n ...ci .... rC:G\.l.lu 1y'l' ',.h.:.. t ;:]£.8 t h,;,; "tcsi s for tt.c. ,. hO'U. \'. (.;rc tk dt.! t. ,"alN...~"tl\:.d~

t h..,y ::...: rcly col:tor..tions of l~t l,..riL..ls plupc.r.::d 1y lO"t";o r .:;.cht.lons or did tll.:;y

',,£N

......

11 ttl<s

He "(.vor , tb...l' c cn lx:

useful in ri!isinb :::.u:.y qu.... stion,s e:.t.out 'tho;; ,;,ork of t:1C L:\.roctorL.to

The

lm.-olv~ ori£,1n.:.l -;'~l"k''i '"b"t typ... ot s?-ci~l l.:l~rts 7Ic:re JrLd.:: 'i ·,.het "rc so!.). of th(..!;f. s:p...ciCJ! rc.portB ~(

"i("'::G-ps i nfol'l.::... d on }.Irc.!,ress of .. >ir FOIC-v S tom:..l ·ds of its sp,- cific obj....ctlv... a. Q

c..ccC'~.~plishr:..;rlt

'.• h.c t r £,:S·; .ltx C.:lei s,Y..>:ci.:.l r,:;p:::rts i.e re pIOpc..Xt:lU on til{; Coi...Lir.<.;d Souber ott.. neiv,,;,? On opu r &tions in su~pcrt at eroun( trco~s~

I

'S'

Forc... s bul1d'..ur .1

'Illis st.:..t.... o....nt . cr)ptic t.s it is . co !:Le.n Pl(.ctic",lly l.. •• y~hl r18 . It cL.:tctlcd stotcl.lc;n t on the sub>.ct is rcqulx£.:c . "Flo\~

of ur.1ts.·

i--'olicy C:l,;tcn.:.:in..: d ho.:I\:. on t t.L f l O\~ of uni ts . or ;::~ro Iu CO'"..l .,,,,ndc.tioIl3 mLdo on po1ic.l ·IIllic!:. \,;..:;. to "c<. de. t .... rr...inL.d

·.• (.S

G1SC:'.;r.c r~ 'j

..

rJonl.. ... f thl.. flL.lctions sLtisfLctori..ly by t !-..c.

Clf tids fiub - s,-ction 1~ ~xi--ldnud i"U:lCtiO.ic.l C h~ ItS. •• t horouc:,h

'Ieoorol:.l :::tI.i S cC.:;11r.t..d

0",;.;1 ':'

L:.lL.lysia 0:': tU... '."Or!,. of t !.i::; i Ll. crt(':1t pLI t 01' th-l.; dilt..ctcr.::..tl.. sho.... !d "bI..: j:.L..6....

ti o:-.s . 1I

This is tl"... v~ :.. .. h... crt of t!'",1:, func tions ot t k L...puty CG./Ops c..n~ should 1:.... c.I..Llt v:ith lot h:.l(th j t ;;'is i s til ... prir.1WY ti.-sl; of t ho:.. IA.. ... 'J.t:, va/cps , t h\.: f uli'i ll•..I..n t ot \"{l.i ic.~ is t ,.... Vt:.lY 1" 0'-5":. for ills I..xistencc:. ·.,hL t c.r.;; .:..1 _ t !1.1.> ,",1~l ...... !;t3 of tl!1.. ;.. ~n ... ry s.Jt '.1p to ",J.~lc.c t ttls coor:.. i n(.Uon't

'=;..

.

'.

:&Y 'ii r.o!.l t.nd ho'.: \ito r.., ~.olici .. ~ dct-.:~l.:inod'I' :.(;rc o:y....! .:.tiol1{' c oor~im tt:.ci ~'l1th tt.£.; R•..F c.s r.... l1 [.s -:; 1 th f>tX:ricL.!1 . J.r Forc... s"l If so , ho...: ":; (,5 t!l1s L.CC~:l ... lishcd'i "i.ll...t difficu1til.ls t.'(;n. I..flCc.u nt.... rt::G'j

~f'I(,;fU .. s

c..ld fol'l":crc::; t c.ct1 cl.l l <.: sSCl').S 1 t:U'nt: cI . '

For,a.rds tho,.. to t :h O: ::'~1 '"hct s.r-c1fic studieS ·h ..vc b~(; n :nc..dl;:'1 nCs c nt .ct~.c{.; l doctrin.." for t :kI U. :J. ~V,;r be::on :prq;l-It.d 'j If Dot. why not', ·Lx.... rcisl;.s JIOlicy sup.. TV1s1on for

c.1l,oc~t1on

of E.ircI(.ft UlG c ... r.lbct cro 'Z's • • , · Di d tills sub _s .... cti on C"t...z ...in.... th.., pol1ci..,s suv...:i t dc.tc i or cnotkI c.bc.ncy to Gotcn.~ln" t ile_ . o~ ;.::.. K.:. r6ccu'.". cndLtions on ,:.olici.. s~

Th;..Sb qu:-stioils by n!.. r.JOans exhcust t he possibilities; t hc;y l.lCr~ly i nrlic(. t c t h .. nc.tUlC: of t hlJ 1nfor,.•(!tion ,:m ch is

pl C.;fud

1?>

-tho.! U;n.:ctorc.t... of

HLc.cl'tu'-:rtflls ,

~

ts c,o..'1 trol.

iJ~o . str,. tc.aic

Opt: l·c.tioil~

. .ir

Forc~s

in tho \,orkine, of in I:;uropu

f

end the

~.lim1nary

Draft 110. 1

DlRECTORi.1}; OF PCBT- HCS'llUTIES F~IHG. PCST..F.C6TIllTIES PUNNING ,

,

:.s

A SUBJECT. I

.As ta aubjoct Post- HostlU tics I "lWlIling is ona of considorabl e I

I'.

i .mporta.'l.cc , requiting little justification tor on exhaustive and

Intoneive study.

Needless to say , this

~cpor

1s not intendod to be

o 'Work of that e l aborate nature , but 1 t 1s hopoll that 1 twill i n
ce:.to tho

~en~ra l

backgroWld

~d

droVl attention to certtoin focal

p¢nts tbct arc fairly 111ustrattvc of tho objoctives of thoso to

wDom was entrusted the task: of evo,}.vi ng tho rcquisi to administr a tive epd operational mc.chinory to r opresent thl) Un! tod S"tctes

.army ~r

i'orcl.'S in post_heatH1 ties 'F;urope. I t 'lias certainly .:.arly recognized that too Pl'o"blems

fa~ln8

them Tiould be l arge end nu:r:.a"l'Ous , involving not only the internal

structure

,J .

~,

llIl~ o~gCD.izat ion

necessary for "us..A.i3

pe r tlc~p~t1on

in

European post_surrender activities bqt tho externa l l"DlaUon6bipa bett;roen thlJ

~.llic5

as" ...011.

It woo in this latte;r oconee tion that

problems of fa;r- :roflch.1ng p.oli: tic~l c..nd I,;couomc iMRlicetions could be oxpected to s.r1so darins QDd e:fter the \"ftlr.

problems t iDfmY

the delicecy of "these

of ",7bich possossed aspects tQLt =ght baVIJ unbalanced

sonsitive intornetional relationships , prcclu4ed snap hasty docisions . ill ~ Qonsidorud

I n an effort to avoid tho , .

action in the future the

European Theater of Opcratione; dovoted a ene r gy to long range plS!lIliIl8. " Tie

~d

ero at prescnt concerned..

", .\

n ~cesslty

~ ~r gN'Qt

ju~nte

and

for hfiSty or

Forces i n the

doel of tilDtt and

it is rTi tb thl" planning that

!reliminary 'Jraft no . 1

The large r &spec ts of l-.,)S t _hos till tics j:.lanning requi rcd r trom thl.> very bcginninS r EI close reletionship bo;t,;cen J3ri ti.sL end American pl ElIUb3rs~

Tb.~

conseque:ncGs of unile.tcr.-l and ·.mcoordi nat e d actio!l

on matters that toucbed on national interests and policies 710ule almost cGrta1 nly l CEid to misunderatondi!l6,

S(.rioua and unreconc11ed

points of diffe:rcnce boboen Bri tain and i.mcrica on conti-ove rs1el issues _ post..17aI' Euro}.'oQan air

tor Inatnnce _

b~scs

ond eir transportation routQs,

might ,:;tO ll have prolonged t he

'"tar and jcope.rdizcd t he

$inco such cooperation ties s o obviously dosirable , could 1 t be

effGcted'i

and

Furth... r, 17hGt uechinory - .such

liei~on

CEoIT)i"ng

inte r related committees

be devisv d?

arrangements _ could

Fortunately tho British and

&15

j~ric ~s

who

~ re BO

on tee t.ir r:ori'are c;.gaios t Gcrm.cny bad scve:.rel years of

coope rc.tive

c~ ri cnco

From tho time the Uni ted Sta tes ·

b.;;hind t hem.

iled c.n t e red the "ax tb(J WO I\l.li es had porked and

to bring about thQ defloe t of Gc!t8.ny. or controversial ques'i;ions tbLt had ·cW!5sed over the conference t6bl(; . se6~d

auspice s ation.

th~y

pl~c d

together

!.nd Qny s oriOUI5 i rri tE.t1ons

CO[iJC'

to the fore had been d1s

-;.1 th s'.lch

Co

r e cord behind tht.lll t he

f nvorab l c tor a hae.ltby continuU1Cf: of s uch coope r

It 1s t;rue that

sial .thc.t

5ucces15 fully

S~

pOl5t_t"lcr quos t1 ons ,.ore 50 contrOVe r _

hc.d t o to c..voided r;hile tho \l er '.".'cs stil l in probI'ess.

'!boso r:erc sht::l"led u;;:-,porerlly I "becE.USO l C:lngthy discussions of t he&!.

?Oul d he..vc been at the e-x;cnse of'

one!IlY.

uC~Jc l

operations against tlw

The.: significant point to not e hero is thc.t th.cy

:"-. L"

~

kap t

Prel imioary Draft No . 1

in tbe background and not parmi ttod to interl'tiTO ..1 th more press _

ing problems• . J. comple te and general investisation of J.nslo-;...merican post_

hostilities pl anning should proporly beSin T.dth an exacdnation ot tbe policies emanating fram "the Combined Cbiefs or staff and the Jo1nt Chiefs

or~taff.

But sinco the »resent Purpose is to exannne

planning princ ipc.lly at the 'lbeotre l ovel it fiould seem Ir·?st l ogi _

cal to begin "Ui th the 'ftork done in this connection at ttH'iJ' 7 for the sll&.estians end tentative P.l.ans tbot CCIIB f r an that Hea.dquarte rs uaually

bro~t

ponsible for e l l of Operctions.

defin! ~ reaetion.e trom USS'l!!-F t "hich ~..iJ?

bc,;~

res_

post _hostili ties plans in the Eur·:}pcan

'lbe intcrre l ationship4 bc'tPeQ.D BH/.EF ,

K~: "i'

on post _liar ai r matte:-s sbed somo signifi cant light on

Tbeat~

and

USS~

j; ·:oglo -J~ri ..

ca,n dlrrcrencos of opinion as to the level on ..hich their planning should be coordinated t and El8 to the be l ol=: XJ..V

doa1ra~ili

ty

or

coordination

level•.

1D.ck of l!lB.terilll roll not parmi t of

0.

ti ve I so it is the h ' Wntion here only to

compl etely unified narra pre~ "n t

a number of in_

stances Ulustr&ti va of planning differences end the steps taken to reconcile them.

Jon acu-ly instance appears in bomb survey dis

cussions.

01 26 Il!Ely 1944 . a joint meuting ot British lllld itmericans

"

'Q"83

tr~licinary

hE:~d

et the

~ir

Jr3ft No.1

IDnistry to consi der plens for 0 ground swvuy of

boobing in Europ;:.:.

No dE:finite ergE.:olzatiCroc. l plans e;n::rged from

this gctr.cring . but it is i mpor t a nt to note thc.t tho Bri tish repr c _ scntctiVQS f£..vored a closely coop..::r&tlve effort in surveying bO!'!lb They thoueht the mission shoul d be a combined survey under . 1 ciroctive froZl! the COr..lbined Chiefs of ~teff.

da.mage~ Q

This idoo

\",'f:S

directly opposod by IJajor Goncro J. J.odc rson. and

Gent;lrc.l Spae.tz , ",ho felt the.t sucb an investigation "s hould be CoD duo ted by tho Bri Ush and kme"ncuos seperc.tely,

.i.ndc rson did Dot

V:lillt ari ncgracd "report 00 egrtle:d date.' but a full DX!-d factual report upon l"/h1oh it \":Quld be po3si b10 to He

Vies

b~.sQ

fatum kmericun pol ioies,

aure tbc.:t the p;robl em wo.s not one:.

fo~

• ncd tiC. ti OA. 2 cotnl'i

7ho ra l~tion6h~p betwocn SHJ~ air plcnning age ncics e~d us&T~ i s brought to the fora ,",ben e DHi.&f <:;cmni t tee f heeded by I\lcI.ec..n , is fonilcd to arrc.:c:g<: letter to Genera l

Ira ttee

~1sc ~0~o r

end the "plUlS 1 t

"by the e;:oomuttcf'

mEl)'

plan~

for future ci r opt-mtions .

Oon61."'O+ Spuatz

ha~ prop~ed,

cussed ot bis be£dquo.rters

2,

d1~QPPfoves

In

0.

of the " com_

Since the operetions" proposed

involve UstlT-iJ!' he f(;uls that his beo.dquertE"ra.

should be incluc1cd in such plonning,

1.

13rid~dior

I

~o

The

rolE: of "oosTi.!l riea not dis _

be ruccmc.cnc1s tho.t the ccm:li two's

lettQr., Me. JOT Genere l li'. L. kndcrson f D/c "Ops t to 1.Ie jor Gene;rc. l FJ,CIlS, 27 No.y , 19Wt.

L. S~ Kuter , J£liS

Ibid..

,,,,--,,,-

._"

.,.,

rrelir.lill3.ry Draft i:o . 1

pl ans be suspended until

th~y

Cfrn be reconsidered by

Ii tio,s plattning agency Oll \:,hicb

USZ'T~

~

POSt. ho5ti _

is roprosented directly io

proportion to thb forc!o::s in\,olvod fo ;3 Clle of course ,·;o::uiers \1hy a hecdql,lerwrs e;.s importent as US5ThP' o~retioos

m:.s Dot consul ted r:hen pll;Ils for fqturo cir ed..

The ansuor :l.s Dot ct presout ava11?-ble

oD,e l

Ch~le6

Cc

\Jil li emson~

t

\7ere discuss

bU1: cccoroing to Col

esc , 1>tilitc.ryJ.ir Jo.dviser, savel'O;L

offorts hed boeD made in the past to obtcio a. voice for UBi":'? at ;LEivels oolo'U the Suprcme

COlilUlOp.dor~

In e w:oorandl.+m of 17 h.ugust

1 944 to :!Ilo.jor General F .. L.. .ianacrson he

rcco~nds

th&t all nir po,licy

plr.nning 'should be ;ntegrokd at llHi>W JBvol bet'i/Oen Eri tlsh nnd .4mer1c~n

air rcprosontc.tivcs rather th\lll betr:cen various

~~s

of

of combinod EIlJ sepcreto OClll!':lE;D.ds 01"' undor any suph cCl!jIID.od except

~FJ;E:;;·.,4 en this question of combined plannio b

t ,;;; J.~;

the

~H..:-EF

l evel

ColODel ii111iomaon offQrs soJ:!&j observations tbat are worthy of

quotatiO:I:l et SO!!le lepgtb,,· liThe :particular p}iot under consider£:tica is the atscnc<Jl of any

~ricc.o oOU!ltcr~rt

to the quasi_of,ficicl influanec of the

Letter, Lieutenc.:l.t Ceno;::c.l Ct.rl Sp(;.ctz, CG} USCT';Ji', · 1;0 Ceneral ir.ig.'1~ D. EisCilho..-:cr. DC..\EF I 26 July 1944~

4,.

esc l~li tory i,.1r to ~c.jor Ccndrc..l 1.L...:.nderson, 17 .....ugust 1 944-,·

MeJLCrundlID, Colu!'!;-l Ciu;rlcs Go ~;illiD::lSon. '-~dviscr,

J

.:~ , ...... .

T'I'elirr.':'r!8.ry ::Jraft Ho . 1

Bri tis~ OOvr;rnwnt on locally dotennincd rtl.lic:d policies and

plQD.s~

.hdmi ttin~ first tht;.t tbere ON differences bet\ieti.n Bri tish and

l.m",ricen points of vie'.:· .... -diff(;I'(;nces ,/hlch rightly bev,;; t>cen sub ordinetcd to the comr.:.on mili wry eim - tht; approach of the cnd of

hostill ties necessi tatos e rcva}uoti on of the effect upon t he. future stetu~

of the

0l..\-t thnt

full

t ~o countrie~~

1~dlate

ed+nn1s~rative

Tbus it

sCCQa

appropriate to

avDilcbUi ~y of the Brl tif'h m1ll1strles, plus thc::ir control of

~ritish compo~cnt6,

ish govel"JlIllCnt alm.ost to participate directly eve n sta~es

even be

of

0.

contact, \;bilc (lffeo~ivcne$s

SQems

DO

enables the 1~

B~t -

tho oo.rly

dofect .. might

fE.:aturc ~ if tile V.S. govcl"!l.Qent coul9: w .r tici

pate equclly ,;C:lllj but

It

That ..ould be

plannios operation..

a desircbl€

poi~t

t~e

probl~m

of distance precludes o.iroct system tends to ruduce the

th~ ~clricon c~nd

of r ritt.:m cClJII;lunicotions , fI. to CO!.Jnc!

':;il~icmsoll

thc.t suff:icicnt coordination

of strictly ~ricen policies is .retcrded by tho fact th&t Gonerol Ei s onhO".Jc r

I

os Supremo Comr.•r",.daX" ,

Q

cannot o).lov:' any oc tioD io his

oome that might i-mp:!y a bir..sed ott:!, tudo~n

Hv feels that some of the

p.l:ennin& difnculti cs <-,ould be :rer::ovEid i.f tho ,'unous United J.:rmy coraponcots in the: Uni ted Kio(:,dan

could trf:.osr:ll. t tbeir ,t hough ts

I

and n:qu(":sts 1:0 tbe ·;;c.r :CCf-ar'ti;!eot ·,'.ithout e,iving ony thc.:t tr...;:y hovc

~uen

,? :':";'1 C

~tl1t08

imp~ic£).t1oo

tioned by the: SUPJX:ljl£.: CCllllIIl2ndor or by

other ,;.mc.ricn;l, in th" ccr..bioQ:d

b(H:.d~uc.rtt:rs,,1

.

,

, '.',

~ny

I'reliminnry

!)r:l!'~

'Thus, it n oule SClem to be in the ectuul int<.: rost of

No . 1

~'.lli e d

hsmOO,y at t his stege of the . .: er for t he S'J.prct'.e Camu:.ndc r to

l"e _

c OI:lCcnd to the ',';a r DGitertm;;nt t hot be be n:l1 ovo d of his ;:>!tOric e.n c~d

Theate r Ii ti es

1ntero~ts

t o ovoid

~ny poss1b111~y ~ u t

I!I!lY rc.ise cIilQcrrcssing

nI t migh t also be poi nted ou.t co:npolle llts of

0

c ombine d .staff

I

t~(lt

diffe ring post_hos ti _

i~SU£l :J ...5 the use

ot the .;.cericQU

(SH4E1!') to h;.ndlc ;!Jtrictly

J..meriCflll

problems in the pre - negotiation or pl anning StCb8 , connot hel p but ~ntroduco thee into British Bovernmont c~rcle8 before th~ .hmaricon

nogoti a tors havo prep cre d thair cas e for presentC:.t10n ",.G Colollo l

'~.illi(lCBon 's

sugsestloDS

m&y

hllve bod

cons~dcrcbl e

bearing on t he cOllclulcuun" t h'e t tIero reflcbBd, jus t four d(.ys cftcr t he. aboyo Quoted L:cmor£..ndum ,.as . :11. ttoIl.~ ._'hon

bincd ple:nning

.:b8

dist'. U8scd and " e ttled

~t

~hl)

qUt;lstion of com_

a :C'c.rk ]ivu.stJ

Tr,i s IIlLCtiog \/as attonde d by Gencrt:l Spactz, k.;I.r Chi cf Trafford LCti6h-!':Qllory c:nd othors.

It

':.'CD

gctht.lring~

~r s hnl

Sir

decidod tnr.t b oth U:.;d.T.AF

and tho RitF t'iouJ,d fU'!'lj.sh groups of plo.nners t il nork rJi th th() G-3

sHlU f'lmlning stofr

,:l:l

'post -.h03t1l1t1 E:5 o:pcro.tions end ectiviUeso,

flcns prepc.rod by th.::.s c grou.ps \:'oul d 't:c sub:n1 ttod to W$ he edQ.U£.rtors for cp'p l'Ov e l OOfolo B!lb,::.ission

5.

Ib id..

U~iF

end

to Sc.:1EF tor finol

rrel1:ninery :Jroft ·1';0 . 1

6

a»provcl • It Po..s 0l..50 decided at tho Fcrk House r.:oeting thet oper ational ond &d.ministrc.tive centrol c.of ell Unit"d Stutes .bImY ":..ir Forcos in Europe sbould be s ivQn to OIlQ United States ;:.ir Foree HeCldquartc rs upon tho cessetioD of hoetill ties .

G~d

COPbined

of Ert tisb {oDd

United 3tctcs air unit.s op.d E:.ctivities ct· ony leva l "bel(""\·; DCk.EF shol41d~

thi,,;TQfore, be ter:::dnotud \".ho n the \;qr ond$.

liO!;l . Unitod

stoto~

•....1). Bri tish

J.ir Foree opere.tioDS end activities in Europe

should bo dire cted thcrac1'"toT by 8oP'lrote Un! ted StIltes nnd Bri tish 811'

c~dorst

\7ith parellel stnrfs, operotlng in close coordina

tion undGr uniform directivQs froD

ZGAEF~,7

planning is brought ou t in the relationship

h.EJJ.

Beo~uso

SWom'

~:ionce '9~ ~ll.y I"':"~ ~lUlxJr8l"'.ip

~:.o.

b( ~ ..; eQn ~S.3T..:.F

not hov(: an !I.i r stEf.t in

intcgrD.te d tho

~ ~·.-as

.inolud(Jd both Brltl.sb cnO

\1~. ~h

and the

air ex_

U!! - J in that capaeity.

j.rocrican~t

but it

,IBS pN

pu:.dQrEmtly Ed t1 sh~.

plc..nnins

ro)J;re8E:~to.t:' · /es

to n ork IOloncsido ll of the

j~'$

SHk.EF on operation T.....1.IOL-lbN eod post_hosti li tics rIlf).ttc rs .

.._.

steff at He W£!.S

furtba;r I'OQucstud to nc ti fy the ~..c of :;. G-3 a"'; ~;H ;,-::i' "rIhe:n Us - - - -- --.~

-~-----

..

----

6.,. hlinutus of mcc. tiI e.' Lieutenant G£:oer·cl C&.~:l 3pactz idr Chi e f l,:ar~hci -.iir 'ITcf ford l..eigh_I:.c.1101j' end ~thars . l'nrk: HC)U8(;; ~ 21 k USllst 1941f.,.

7.

Hid.

Preliminary Draft No; 1

111ann~rs

\7C"1ul d arrive .

8

rcpl1~d

'!'('"' "this Genc:ral .:.ndeTSon

'":/;Irking .an the (oir prJVisi"'r.s ""If

'i'hUS.\.t.~ .

This COli.li.:1tt.3G rt.:s pre _

to eoo:percto " i th the J;r;F planne rs . but it ':"ins

~red

tbo best

~sults

b~ li~ved

of such cooporc::.ti.Jn could b.,;.. ronli zod

lJSST~...F duc.).t dl1\.;ctly ',"11th m~.Ef I ns~oed or I t r.'(;<5 hU'dly coinciCionce th"t

~ll

that

~nlr

the:.t

if

$J! . 9

,the acme dey GcnOTiJ..).

,t...' 1dcr..

e r n . :n :pNsso d tho e.b('lve dlpiniC"IlB he:. recoiv\Jd (.:. lI)O!:X)rtmdurn fl'OCl C(llonu l ",:l11iCo':lscn . . . hich add tho sc.w thinc,:. the functions of iJ!.JJ

I Ii spcukins of

sers that 01 thoue;.1i tbl.lro is so!:w

\'i111~s.mson

~uGtitlc>:.lti(",n " fo~ it" UB li by 3H.:.Ei sa an uir stuff in diroct sup..

port

~pu~tions .

~Gr

instance. it

ne v~r

c.od ccpc.bili ties of t he Uni tad StQtcs

undorstood the

Stn:'~bic

..J.r

liadtLtl~~e

Fcrc~s ,

thor it he.s not C..l ",1CYS PQon cc.sy f e-I U,s3T.·.,F to obtc.iQ D ,"C'ico to J.i;.JoF planoin8 fer use of the

strc.t.;s~ c

(oj,r

II

thv l&r8cly

for ell cir plenning

En

tiab stoff or :~

~rtc;lninb

g1vUll

~ui t£.blo

forc ~ s ,

The refore it ',7('1u ld harely PO fair 0;:- l5?und , hu thou£;ht, to hc..ve

Fur...

t~

hllVO

r:cspona1bil1 ty

t') 1.1li.::d n.t ters t;.rtectiIl6 tho) ,

,

'f;

8 • . I.o ttur , ~ub jcc t , II CoorC:iri!:'t:iqn ot plEalS Crmc6rnlng U5~ cf' U, O.. . ..roy ':..ir Fc,t"co pers9JlD.vl tlr O£.:tcri &l duri~ tdld cftor he-stili ties '.71th G.:r.nony ",· O~"..:!.F to CG " lJSOT;.F , 11 ,....usust ,

1944. 9. IJeuJ:'lrc.nduu , ;.iLjq:· Gcilort.l 1 . L. .:.nc;eraon , piC ers , t o

s 93 I

3f~'

I

15

i~'4&4S t

1944,·

~'IJ

of

Prelimi Df:.ry !)raft Ho . 1

post -.~08til1 titrs O~

(;llC5S

J...1S1o - i.muncan dirf6 r

s1 tuc. ticn Ilnd actions.'

post .. hoatili tics st.ould be intGerCited at

.s!~

would be incoll[sl'ous to IIhc.vt,; direct repns on tution of (.n

level. l~lliod

cotlOUld r:hic)::!. contc.ins to portion of the .:.zooricon £d.r forces ..'

Conorc.l Spc:.c.tz seeoo d to 1:e in oo::oplc to tlf;reo:n.3n t . 6 tiept"mber 1 944 hE; brings und~r revi", ,,, , in J\:a~l ory .

ber to that

e stc.tc:n.cnt ;:lc.da by the let te r in

SC~·.EF

on

pcst - hcati liti ~s

L.oig~__!,!fl.llory

f:.:.

hE-d USt1d phn.s(io1oeY tl':.c. t

10

ior on

lettor to l.c:1 ...h .. .

c. letter

p,lonni%.o

It

of

3

Sapter~-

Gu;1erul Sp.o..:tz thoue,."t II

tl.IlY l ued to

80::00

mis -

undcrstL!l.d1n6 , us it tWy to inwl";.l'tI'Wd thet ·.•c havlJ Elgreed for

You rot:.l1 ~ , I c.m. .sure, thct it . . . ould b6 inco::lgI'Uoua for the ploo _ ners of the s.:.:nior U.G • ....ir

I~c.dG.UllrtE:i rS

to be planning po.rn llel to

cor.mlood tcctict.l hoc.dQ.ucrtcrs ';;hich contuinlld U.S . C:.i:r p l unDers . "

h.ccordin.g to Genered C/l'de r l"O ~ 6 fron !k.caqunrtC:rs LTcvs.:.. , doted 18 JC:.nuc..ry 1944. USST..$ m,.s e;ivcn

ros~onsibllity

for the

eduinistn.ti on of e.J,1 Uni t<:;d StLt(;S .".ir Forct.:s in tho :c.TO.

But

- ---,--------------- 10 .

Hot'lOrc..nclu!u , Colo~~ l Chc.:rlua G. ·:. illi Ul'lIC·ll , CSC lii l1tory air .udv1s ~ r, 'to r.j(;.jor Gul1erc.l F , L. .:.uo.... raon , 17 k.u~us t 1944.

11. lMtt0r , J-i outonwlt G~r.(,rul C.:.rl Sl-<:'Ltz, to l.ir Chi~f 1!z.r sht..l Sir Tl' tdford u...ib~l -: jLllory" ....c: . JJ!.jS , 6 Surt eabor 1 944.

.-

,:3 r-1-

~ Il

"- !:

.

.-~-

11

Fre~1mioary

Draft Ho . 1

did t hi s c. l so invest i n USS'UU' r \;l sponsiblli ty for 0.11

~ost ..hosti

11 tics air policies 'j to c. risQ , t7h...:n i:E..:';;

Tho

tion.

hoo

8 000 dobut He~d~uar to r3

have quosticnud t he

l~Jr He~dquorters z~

tostad~

·.~ hotov or

But

tt.~

its I!OtivGS 1 t

..-;f.oS

@Vd!l

assured hi m

f.:

',-;1 tb

t h" t re:>ponslbility.

to \'! rl t'.ys I t.tcr

not long in doubt_

J~IF IS

c c ti on :3..;: re CO!il-

~hut

EIi.gcdiel' Gc-nercl R. B. Lovott

• JOur nco:.dquortc-rs 1.s s pec lficclly

tha respoaslbili ty of d.o~Z7.:d.iUng , subject to t he 012

provol of the ,+hl"lcter

t ho policie s ()t the U. S . i1¥TIJY M .r

Coo:£.!ld~r ,

For ces in this th-::at ur , on ell post _hosti li t1 Q~ :nc.tto rs. lI· This responsibili ty cc:.rri od ";Jitb it ev(.:r

di scberac its tunc tions U.3ST...F' cro~te

Host ili'ti ll ~

roor~oni

c nO\. Di:rectorc.ttl ,

tiona ,

~J&

obti gc. tioDS

T'O cGttcr

zt;::1 its senerc.+. ple.ppinB f&0 1

knO\;'U

(;.s tho Dircctort:.tu of Foet

:planning, \j,th Bri ,E;cdier Gen&rcl Iod::.und Si ll ['5 Diroc

ij3 \:05 to &ct unda r t h:1 Leputy Coc::oo.nd!D6 Gont:.'rc l

tor.

l2

i n cr~ c. ~iIl8

and dutios end :iCi l y grow in signifi c c.nee to.nd i mpoctLnce .

l1t1 o s to

tor Opera _

jar Oonuro. l F . L• .I.nderson"

Tht::ro

\It..:5 SOr.t.

tUfi\.:rcnco

t he DCG/Cf,O as to t h o Dlractol't:t<: .

Tho

pic

~lti~£te

"'n.m~

'ot 0illmon bct-::uun ~~ctlons

end

t ho

D/c

~IIN

res~n5ibi liti es

hic~~rc.ndw::l ,

22 May

1944

U <3ut onont G.;.n(.rul Ca rl spc.otz, to -1" ... •

cnd

ot the

];iointQd out in c. li_Gr,~~ndw;: of 10 Cct

abur 1 )44 that thl) ;r!c: jori ty of the sec tions in USST;J, S(;Cfc:::d

l2 .

~t -

CG 1 ETOU!l:•• in (.. +o t t& r of 22 Uc)' 1944, t !".z.t his hec.d_

qucrters bo

ohnrce d

&11-encomPQss ~

Furhe:.ps 1 t r.r1shod to hovo tho

For £.s soon c.a Goner;:.l !;ipoc: tz h6E: rd c bout 1Jt; OlQod to

sc(!~d

proplU'u d plc.ns rolL ti :lg to me ttc rs

lng ::::ll::.ture o:f thC,; Genera l Q'dor.

t cr

c..rison on this scoro t or

-"......

. _

\

-.~

...

"'l

__

1;("1

ca , ET~ ,

preliminary Draft No . 1

CC1"ry on tho "c.r, 't'ere not pl'ollcrod to hCilldlc post - hosti li ti (:8 plc..nnine. or to supervise prcpcrc..tioos for ioplc::::c::nting post_ncr Qctiviti(ls .

It Stot)lICd c.dvisablc thcrufore to contrr.:.lizo post - hosti _

11 tios plcn.!1ing .und £:.lso the execution of t llose plODS in one body. He rocor.m:mdcd

\I

for sUycrvising

Thct D/I'H be rosponsible for r.lcking de t el led plc.ns . prcp~rction,

cnd for the implomcntGtioo ot all

cctivi ticq in : the .f
':'[IC~ CrSOn ,

;UIJIN's Sl.l{;i:;.ostiOD, Uld presen1;cd

QI1

excollent

intended fJ.:Dctiom:l res:r:onsibili tics of t hE; The

nO \-l

Die

in c: ·l ong meoorcndWil , lCplic:d to t he>

Id.n:ctor<.:.to

I

doscr1~tion

of tho

D;i.roctor~to ...

sdd Gcoon.l kodcr30P t

..

as chUTgcd

'I";i

th

the gcocrol direction end coordillction of ('11

lfSST~$

plonniog G.ctivi tics , inclu.d ine; rod(.::ploym:..nt.

It pcs to nr.lntcln

l:laison ',d th other Uni ted Stetc8 end

i~lliod

insure coordinc.tlon of policio9 and plans.

post- posti li ties

plunnine: o.gencica to J..J.ao, ,litb tho advico

end css1.s"tc.nco of tho oth",r staff scctioQs 1. t rtc.s to !JC:Kc tho nec oaBery ~·lUll;J for the pcrilclpctlon of t he Uni ted states ~...tr Force ;i.~

the control. c.nd

of ';;or ,

d1~Qrmom:mt

f'ost - r~08t1litlcs

of tbQ Oc.I'mfln J..ir Forea , f"rtaoners

opcrL:.tiooa of the

U~t

orgr.:.nizction of

the cir cOr.lpOn~nt8 of ..:.lliod mili tr.:.rj' miss,ions and . contro l agencio.$ ond the

or~ll·zc.tion

This

~cs

of the Uni tad stutes CccupptioDCJ,. kir

indeed a tr.:.sk of considerable l'&:.f,1l1 tudo

t

Eorce~ .

llQd it

rcc..lizod the:.t in ol"(icr for tho Dircctorc.tc to prupCLI'C ull

~hc

cssCory pluns in full detCoil it would bo Dccosscry to. set up

1:) • . !J(.:lWr c..ndum ,

Dlc

i.IlIITN

t

to.

Dlc om ,

10 Cct. 1944

0.

-;:rClS

DllC _ Co.:il_

r·reliminary Draft z;o. 1 pluto

count~ rpcrt

of e ll th"" oth6r stuff ogc.:ncic;6 in

ously this l";oul d 00 c. t.'c.stc.ge of p(;I'aonDvl. rlrr·ost

i~ossibl e

tions of

to pr o('·uI.;)

tho~c c.lrc~dy

I~ .fOS

U Hl

6t~ft

~d

Quc,l1fico _

se ctiODs.

not intonded, eont111u(':s Gonarel J..ndorson, thc.t thCt Dir Post - hoati I1t i~a rlcnnin ~ s~oulo do·~ro

octoroto for

nins fOUD:dotlons. for ell the oct1vi the listod

ussr..:.,,'

·.:"ould

c~pl r:. te:

tho plc.ns.

thon

~bovo.

fr!:l:nor;ork v:c.s oonst;-uctucl 1 t ;;-cs cxpcotod thc.t tho sections of

Cbv1_

F'ul"thor t i t would be

of thu Uxpor1tlDco

cssisnod to thb

U~T..F .

n In

l~y

plen

Onco tho

oth~r

involvod.

Qccordanca "i th

tho pzi.nc1plc of combinina TC;sponsibl11 ty for d-:;;\-c.11(;d. pll!1U11ng '<11 th rcsponsibility for implco..ntctioD t D/rl-a? mt9 t not 1r:.

detai:~.cd

boCCllO

involvcd.

pluming boyond the r.liniwuo. l'CQuirod to fill tbe I!PP

until thu s e ctions opSc-god in current c ot1v1 tics or other c.pproprinto aeuncics c.re. ';;b\.ic, tho

D. b10

to

'

~i\l:

"ur cndod

~

ovor. 1i.14

•

t r.:c.s oxpo ctc t;l. thc.t tIKI ·cnti It: U$ST,;$ Hccd -

quc.rtors . .; ould be supcrvisi!]6 olCi coordin;:.tinc, tho 1mploIiX;ntotlon of

post~hostillti o5

in Luropv .

Buc~usu

of this it vas

i cpe~ tiv u

thllt thu stD.f! s o et1oDS s hould CSSw.:£. ro:::s;;onsi bi~i ty for thoir O\;U d c t ~ilud post_hosti11ti~s pl~i nt

cs soon

~S

pos8iblo .

clso be re3ponsi blc for irJplcr.lcnting thc:ir pl£..ns. J..odorsOD reply to t ho

Die

Thuy uould

Thus did Gcnc rel

:.nIDl's 8'J.U,uo;tion that the: Dil'Cctorc. to

for Fost - boBtili tl"'::5 not 001:,· mckc p l ena but l r.lpl.... lIX.nt there. cs r/o ll. Thct the Diroctor-...: to

14.

~'!CS

Dnt intc ndc.:d os c coaxnd or

loloF.~ . Sub j I n &"sponsi bi 11 tr for l ·o::st-Hos tili t1 <.i s rluming ,n MCjor GcnL:ro l F . 1, .i.ndurson , to Die ...n.ml, 28 Cc t, 15'44

rrcl1.minary !)raft No . 1

oxocutive. group 't.cs clso stated by its diT<Jctor , Generel Hill.

Its

function \,CS not. to 1iJple::lCnt plans but onlY to J:lO.ko. thu::.4 ThG Diroctorc.tc 0:( post Hos t i l1t1 f.:s fl£JlIl1no con!inuc;d undor

t hct ti U(.; until

j ..pr11

1945 ,

·.7!lC.D

1t

ri~S

r oJdc. sit;nctc d cs tbo Virec

tor(.to of I'lCrnB , 15 r:1th Colon01 poneld )3. Sr,:,ith c.s Diroctor. 16

cbout tbo

~

.{..t

tlOC e ll redoployment responsibilities ..uro trcnstor ~

red froc the D/Pl ons to t ho D/rcrsonnel~17 Tbe duties of tho Direotor of P1Les: l~

(1),

'Initiates, dovclops, coordinLtc;s ond/or

~no lyzcs

p lans , policies and roquircr.-cnts tcllins 'I'",'i th1n the; lluthori ty of tho

])oput)" CotI.JC:nQ.or , OP'o:rc.tlons ,

gnQC.nt

aco~

of D/oFS,

m .I1~T

USST~ ,

but not in the fUllctioncJ. CBsi ..

o.d. D/.,:::....'l':E.l1:.

i raploI
GonorLl

~d Lo~~ty CO~~G~~

of tho DiroctorLto .." acntEition

"iIi

(4)

for

(3)

OpvrLtio~s

'~rovldos

{2) 1I,G'.lpcrvi3es t r..c .. ~(jp8 tho Cocr:x.nding • info~d of ~ctl vitl us

nOCCS;3o.ry 11c..1S0Jl ;:r,d rop1\:: ..

th J..J.licd L!ld Uni tGd st.:.tcs plcnn1ng c.senc1es in this

· 18

end cdj£.cout thoctcrs of ·op...r .. tions .. a

From t1::&C1 to tiIilo.: thOle. concoptions

~gcrdina

t he

\7Cl'C

Vc.rioU5 expressions ot tl53TJa.F

rcsponsibiliti~s

thct

~oul d

devolvo upon

tho US.".i!F in poDt ..surrender Europe, but i t ne.s not until tho mopth

15 . U(;;D.O No • .,32 , CG, U$T.oS, 2 ':'pril 1945 16. wnu·rc.l CrOCI' 17.

Uc.~..o ,

~Jo.

10 ,CG , 1]$';.:$ I 25 ~lcrch 1945

Col. JE-C , Riley , i.£, Chic.f, T&Q Se ction, D/l'lc.ns , to

D/fHP , 9 ~~ril , 1 945. 18. I nclosure to GcnuI'c.l Orc -:: r ~!o . 10 1 CO, USS'!J,..l!"', 29 L!r.rch 1945 (Cm.rt of Orgc.niu.tion c.nd Functio.!lS of Office _ Director of Plr..ns •.

:preliciD9.ry 1)raft of 3Unuary 1945 trot i •. tbe ferm of

~';o.

t r uly definlt1vo statem.mt o.pprorod .

!l

1

It

cam:I

report ent itled 'GGlJoral toliey Guido for U. S . Air

d.

FC'rc~s Activities iL Et.ro~e fol~o71ing thQ dcfi..ot of Gb:r:!W.D.Y .

Tt'.is

extoLsivc paper was prepared by the CG, USOTI}F t o :pros6Ilt the lI.ec oaaary

~'F

objoc\'ivas and thu policios requi7:'od to cttD.1I. them.

Qcneral Anderson QXJ]l'"esscd tho high...Dt CM.

cons1der~d

re~d

it to be of !Vest value as en aid .

tor tho Guide Although chang1na

oiroumstances would necessitate occoaiooa l rcvis1oll.s it would cou stltute , he said , !~1+

.(!

fouo.dotioD for detoiled plaon i ns by a l l U. S . Th~s

Forces 1n Europe.

pupor has alreo.dr boet+ favorably c o1131

dared by th e staff at Europ;,;(!.p Tbooter of qU\lrt218 and

!or '~-:lrdod

Operot~CJls,

U. 5../•• i'ieod

to the U..S. side of supruJ:a HG c.dqw rtcrs ,

.\l1icd EXpeditionnry Foroe , far finc.l coordlmtion prior to orUdel publ1catiO+l. pa~er.

c e rtQio chonges ,

However

droft os the

t

pond1.cg

1 3ibl~ '

~cctly

rEJvisiolla~

10 these

miuor , are being =do 1n too

we ore treating the inclosed

mntter8 . ~

19

The; objectives and Rasponsibilities of the U/j,v.1I' iu post--sur

.endor Europe 'liara t occording to tho :Policy Guide , as follows . "Qcneral :

'To provide, tn /lcoordnnce with nt&tic::LQl policy , a.n otfl.;i&ut oDd aentrally controllDd ~h c

u~s. :~ 1r

r equired strcnsth t.lnd ccmposl tior~ to assist ill the anforCClOOllt

of tho 9urror.der terres Cud i t!.

1,.

Forcos or[.'('.ni'lontion in Europo of

reinta~lIlng

order in Europe.

I.£tttE;r , MCjor Ger.fJral F.L. !. lJdcreon , to MQjor GcUtr a l Robe rt l!! 'Job~tltr, CG . 1st T:.F ,

6 h·!"Irch 1945

ITelbinary Draft Uo . 1

"Specific

m"l:In E-

11(0) .

To provide

"(0).

To establish and maintain a ccmrJ ~t(' ed S'rsteTII

CI

of

"sJsnceri. nigh] v

U. ~ .

and

integrat

miJitary air treneport fC!.ciJ lUes.•.

To disarm a!ld delJloblize II(d).

Air F{rce .•..

t.he GAr.

To aid in the care and evacuation cf

n.r .

prison -

era of \'?8r. "(8).

To aid in reder:ovment .

lI (f).

To establish a 6tron~ U . ~ • . air inte])igence organi.. zation i n Europe . To assi~t the varicu1'l eurvev orpsrizotions ffi.lch as 20 homh sllrveys and evc]uetlt'D 'hrerds ,1I

"(g) .

Tn

Q

head"'uartrre activel'T engagE'd in r.agins ar.rie] rar

far againEt Germany the addition of PCFt Hostilities planning to lis many duties

cr~eted

an acute personnel Fpr.d1~

though General Arnold c:JiEeprroved. of

of the Interior to undartake ffi Jch ror k . him to do so .

He

est1rr.at~

sport~ge .

Al

men from the Zone

Gen~r8)

Spaatz asked

that thp. oVE-raJ} reqdremC'nts for

off'lcer personJ'1e] for the P(lst Host!Jitlf's st-aff' . U.S. Orcup Control Cour.cil and Truly. this

"8S

v8riou~ oth~r

gTcupe

8 tremendous dra.in on

h~. f'

~ouJd

be 3rr men.

l"Snpc'I7er resourc e s.

Also, ,in l ooking ahead . to the occuretion pPrird,

~en

the

r~

turn of l!Ieny ofricf're: to· ctvllian life r.ou:;d create a !Jf"ed for

replacemf'nts, General

~~a~z

sugC'£'eted to Cenf'ral Arnclc1 that

2C' . Report , "G£·neral P('llc~· Gnjde for t'.'=. Air Forces Activi ties in Fur o~ Follo'"lng the Defeat of Ga rll"am· lI , Uf"STAF , Fins) draft. 5 Jan . 1°45

..

""

prel1mirnry Draft

that i t ·\'1C'uld be '.' .'ise to hevc f'.va ileble a number of Rep.ular krtly officers With theater exper ience end trcining .

He felt that a I1TrenendouEl stride

tho offectiveness of the U. S .

Arl~l~

~;o .

1

~'oun lZ

collc ~e

torrn~-d

assuring

.Air Forces in Post - '7.!!.r Eur ..

opel! "'ould be taken i f roch !!len t'!'sre available r,",fln necaf-d . To invostigete the

possi~ility

of

ohtej~ing 8dditi~nal

perscnnel and to t'r e sent USSTAF l s post - hc stilities the Post- Hostilities

Co~lttee,

HU) , TITI('t t.r. 1:"c.shimlt ol1 in

Co

headed by Brip.adier General

~cv('r.l ber

of l Q44 .

There Genero.l

to General. Gi l es

sev~ral

l etters on

plannl~g

r.cc·ucst for

a~/i'tiona l

perse·nne! t o Col onol

Hill presp.nted Rnd mede

re qlli7' e~ € nts ,

C~ P.

I,essig , of the COr.L'lIitmen"'", ::; Dividon ,

In s\lT!1r.'arizing

h~. s impres~lon

CO!"11ilittce i n tJ""nshin?"tnn Colonel

}~o.lcolm

the visiting partv , found tha t Ju,F DepartC!~nt

r:'p.re syrrpathetl c

of the' rC'cept1on accorded the

'~ith

D. ,Tone s, n melloor of

H~edquarters

and the ;-:aJ'

USC:·TAF problems qnd require ..

ment s , ktt the y seemed to f r;el t·he t

~l[.C"T.A.F

hE'.d pl a ced too much

sty-ess on the i r.lpox-tanc c of some of its (l.ctiv1tiee , nnC! had II gone

beyond current -er Depertmcnt thinking in

ccnn~ ction

r.ith r ede

pl oyr.lcnt plnnninr; , particularly rl th reference to ceq\.!1 ~ i tlcn of E. ir b,eses all ov£r Et' r C'pe 000 the nc cf'ssit.v f or a large Air Dis

crr-arncmt Come.nd e.s dis>tinct

2) .

fro~

the

(l c C1 1 ~tion

21 Air Force , "

~(1ITI(lrRnd l1mJ R£:l\OTt on !iifSicll of Po;t..Ho: t.llitiee- Plenn i n;:z COl""li ttee tc the Hntted St:-tf:Ei , Col rne) ~!'.J colm D, J ones , Jr- . , to Direct or , PH/Fl a nnln~ , Hqs . , 11Sf,TA?, 27 November 1944 .

(- 0,

rrelimiDSrY Draft No . 1

The ebave

of t he genercl

tr eat~ent

lities planning 1$

8

a s ~ cts

of post- host i

mere sketch , ccntain1ng gars too obvious to

In t ruth, as a prelimi nary survey, it is intended

nention .

to

do nc r.tor e than just that J (\nd han the gr.ps been pointed out 8S

they appeared , about one hQlf of the s pa ce 1.'ould he.vc

~E'!en

consumed in that all,:ays bf'gul1ing but cften profitless proce

dur e.

Once cautioned thet he n ill encounter

Canyon, it is ouite 8tten~ion

to

unnecessa.r~r

t o each one

8S

it

drO'fl

Dp~ ar s .

8

series of Grp,nd

the s{>as('lned tr(1.velcr' IS

It is true that clearly

r.t8rked ,,"arning sifns announcing the next abye,;: rnav prevent precipitous descents and obviatr thn

~om c

ab ~ut

f or r opes to r oech the surfaco

even the r ope s oro often

n ~ c e~ti t ~

a?ain ~

of groripg

But the fact tbet

in this repor t morely serves to

rois~1ng

emphasize tho urgent need for some sturdy

~idge~ .

C"tnc gul.f, ho.-evcr, should bP. cited, and that concerns the

post -hostiliti Q8 aetj vlties of USSTAF prior t o the establish_ ment of tho Director a t e .

seetions did

B ~ ro e

It is sus pected that th p various staff

of the necesBary plenning that

th oir sph('lrcs of nativi t.y.

"'0

do

to conserve per sonnel nnd avoid

kn Of7 ,

estnhl ish

8

Central

Ir.t ~J ligcnce

r. .

uit hin

thoUfth, that in order

c~usi on

telligence , Bri gadiClr General George

rc l~

the Director of In

'!cDonE'~d , ,}C15

Section to

s~rvn

directed t o

nIl proper

post - hostilit.ie s req,uir('1l':ents. Onf'

further statc.l!]cnt on IntelJ igAnce should

The scope of the

proble~ ~~ nt

of

end it i B assu~cd

Intell1 g~n c e ,

be

included .,

faced the Post- Hostilities SEction

, i

~

.

th~t

the problen

ep~llod

gen

•

ITelimincry !)raft I·:::>· 1

cro.lly to all

po~t -host11it1(.'s nct1viti ~s ,

meeting of thE A2s of the

A.lt..-~

,ms rE':vC'elcd ('t a

h£lld on 23 January 1945.

There

the problo~ "as dividod into periods , as follo?~: (1) the SHAfF

or TJJ..IS!.wf period, l est lng until Crertlnn::r rurrcndcrEd , (2) thlJ ECL!FSE pc- r iod of B- Fnrtito contr ol and ()) the Tri - F'llT\jlto 22

period .

------------~ , -

•

22 .

Col onol H.D , ~hcldon , Assistont Djr, US~T.AF J t'1nuto5 1 t~cct

ing of A-2s of AA.F in Europe, 23 January 1945.

\ DIILCTOR f!F

FOn m

For

Q.

.~R ,;CTIVITI~

CGI'l'ROL OF . ~S!.·:,ty

bri c.f pe:rioc. of l£: ss tb£l.n

1n Hl: c.dquc.rtt.rs ,

U I~ '

thr~c:

o:7uc.ks t he re arose

stn.to@. c Ar Forces , under t hcIX: };uty

ComroE.Ildi De, Gcnc rL l for Opcr c.tions , D 0.0\1 dircctorLtc r.i t h

functions c£ c purt;ly

p05t - bo5t~ll ti;..s

nLturo.

On

31

Octotor 1944 . :Mc. j~+ 06n.:.:rc..l Ro bert , ·;•• ~ rp(.r ".'7 CS t.'pp~ lnt.;;d

to t ho

nU\1

pc'Isl tJ.on of Diroctor !'.tt.

of..iJ.r

.;..etlv!tios fOT t he

Cont rol of Gcnac.:oy. 1.

'!his office

j ~r For~(;s

h:ilitLIY t i!o ~

t,'f..S

to ;':or!t

;;:i t

h the- Director of r06t

e:.nd Sn:..E:F . u . s , bali t c.ry ;.i r

~ ctious

t.nd

I

r..nj

~.dvl sor

to Ji.uropcQIl

ot h...r . tlli .:..d i!.e.c.ncl ':: B t b c.t oxisted

or Dis,ht c ow.: t o ... X1st . l c tl..l . p_itt.i!li ne; to c ir cc.tt...nI

c.,ffoc tiDf!; t bL; control of Gcrr..lL!1Y , ;rc prosClnt (..tiv-.: of

lit.cci.qU~ t...1.5 .

It p cs to

U. S •

.8tr~

hi.;

t he cbi of

to &1c ,;.:ir For cc:s

on t hi.: U. S, ("roup Ccnt rc.l Coun to 00 t he kputy for the . cilj . . COmIUUldin{:. Celle r " l,

U . ~ •..:.rGY

•.j.r Forces in Gc.,rrr:o.ny, in tho

':.ir Divi310n of r.hc.t...vor Control emmet1 t ho;; ".111<..3 rlight c st c.b l1sh for control of Gcn.:.c.n} upon lh.. r dcfoe:. t,

r i t h t hese f unctions .

t~..; ~

r .:. ctor of ; .:1 1' •.c tivi ti ... 6 for t ha

Con tro l of Gc r .::.c.uy ·.':l:S to hr.vo t i.o(; rc S~1l5i t il1 t;y of dirc c tina; end 5upc. zvi s i llf. in

~s

t ho Dirt...ctCir

~.

l'of; t - Hostili t i c s Plc.mrlng

(.;.c tiviU!,;s r c le.tlne t o t h<.. f unction of t ho

U . ~ . Group

• Con~rol

Council c.nd t ilt.. finel control :!:).e;chillC;ry ff:"r Gc n ':'£n:i ,

cnd of coordinctines

'A th

hirl 0:1 wl o thl.r plcns n.:e,e:rdi os

the control ('If Gcrr::.:.n)- . 2 .

en

19 novcnbcr 1941; , tho CC c.or c.ndU£i cstc.b_ishine. the

r C8c indvd Uld t he. functions of t hct office

\'{l,:. ;r(.:

,

c.s,sULlCd by

tho Di reo tor 0; f'ost,.liost~ 11 tic.s Fltnning , ,;, t" 1.~hi ch post tieD Me. jr'tr Gcnc.rc..l Robert .• • Ht..rp.;' r r;c: s nUlC:d , vi 013 Bri i!,Qdic.r

G.. nvrt.l EdouoQ '.. • li1ll . ·

4

us.::." ,F,

1'.

hq Ll:.,::c llo , 1Cl..F.~

2.

Ibid

';:;

Hq r..ioo:o No . l w, ~ US~'l',"'':' . 19,IOV 44

4~

GO No,

93 t Hq

~"lJ.F

I

31 Oct 44

19 Nov 44,_

.."

.

(.1 <..,

-------

Preliminary Draft No . 1

DJTI!'CTQRATE: OF IllT!HrGr,NCE UntD t.he

for~ti"n

of !icr.dq'..!artc.rs, United StEltcs Strate

gic Air Fcrccs in Et'ropc, t!le iote) li.c;:c!"Ice rcquircm"nts for nIl thr.'\ nl'~tr.-O ~ t.(lt. f"'~

Ai:r Fo)'"cOt

il'1 thR Hl'1itr-il J(jru::rool'l e Ar l'! rAtH-.O!"l U. ~ .

s1bilities of the A- 2 Bection of Hocdqunrtrrs , Farcce in U. K.

Since the

Air Forces in U. K. ucrc

inteJligonc~

~rformod

by tho

Ar~y

functions of Ei~hth

Air

U.~ .

Air Fcrce

Amy

A-2

orgonlzct10n, thrrf" WtH; little demerer.tien bc--t'ft'ecil the a ir in t~lllgcnco r ceponslb1J iti ~E

of the Eighth Air Force .

of V. S.

Ar~y

Air Forces in U. K. and

Tho eskbli5h.;ltc.nt of

f:D

oyer-a.ll cor.l

I'!!S.nd pccof'sitatcd u division of rcsp-:.n slbH:it.v, F.nd , :;;ubscqucnt

lV, a scv£trnnce of dcpondcnc:'t upon the Eighth Air Ferco. In nccord e nco rl. th GonnTt'.l qpr'.ntz r ideo.. of strenmlining tho organizational functions of tho ner.' hl',l.o.dqunrtC'rs , much of the edmlnistrntive

•

ern

opcrationr.l dctQila F.bich

be allocatod to the intelligence acction

~ 'CTe

vllrtous Dtl00rd i nc.te Air Forco bondQua.rtcrs . U. S . Str ategic Air Forcos 1" E'nropc F'S fQllT'OO

t.hr.

r(!~non:r;lhiJitv

for th n

~culd

delegated to the The

Dlr f'ctorat ~ "~or kiTl2

ordinerily

nc"'l~'

(l.ctiVlltcd

of Intelligence

Tr-)r.ti onsh l ."C and

lia ison \71th the Britisb Air !lin1s"t.rv :-nd such ether ngcncics that c cntributed t o the cir inte) J igcl"'cC rC'C!l.'lrf'd b.,.r the Uni tNi Stat~s

ftrlltrgic Air Forces in th! s

th(" ~ t ~r .

ThC' £co):'C of

FrrJ ir.tinr.ry Drnft No . 1

:lccour.t!1bllit~·

anct jurisdiction of the nr.-.;: c1ire ct- or-!ltc extended Forcc~ .

to the Eighth, Fiftc-cnth end !.J1nth Air

Thr. U. c . Str .:it :-gic Air Forces in

~uropc

1

Dirt' ctorc.t c of

Intdlig(mcr: contir.ucC to functi cn in cen.1unction trl th the A- 2 sccti('lD of the F.lc:hth M.r Force until 15 Jt:nu('. ry ] 944 .

da t e aU pr-nding

~tt('rs

On that

p"rtc.lning t o the Ei,, ¢th Air Forco

l'.'l"'re turnoo ovor to the I;djutant Gon('r01 · f or prOJ"T trnnsrdssion •

•

During this period tho

nCf!

za tiolk'll proportions .

On 6

dircctorl'lt.c J( .nuE'.r~·

}-..r~nJ"\

to

C.SP.UmQ

2

orf;l'.n i

1944 Col. George C. !IcDonn1d

~('I J nnuar:'! 1944 d i:::olvcd· . 4 The·

r'as .mnounccd Dirr;octor of !ntr)} lr. C".ncc,:3 nnd on Hced~uort C'rs ,

u . s . Army loir Force s i n U.K .

l'roG

porsonnrl nucleus \'.'8 5 E'cquirrd from the Eif"hth Il..ir Force 11- 2 s ootion .

In cstablishin.Q'; spce:ffic i ntcl j i O'("neo r ('s!,cnsl;"1l1tlcs

for the nCt! dirce;tor:ltc nnd thf' Eiehth 1!-ir Fo:..co, U. .S, Strategic

J..ir ForccE in Europr· h.:'cdqu rt("'r s c autioned thllt 1ICue mI l be ex orc ised not to confuso the' busincsf\ of !I . S . fo.:rmy .k1r Forcol!! in

U. K! , U. S. Stratrgic kir Forces in

Euro~~ , find

Hqs

SAFn ~

5

The org."'.nlzc.tionr.l plan for the neT1 d1r:.-ctorc.tc conflistcd of four sub- scctionF; naMcl y , tar ects ,

~ ornret i~ t rnigcnce

(llyn service) , photo rcc onrw.issancc unit nnd s('cr C'! t if,t(::ll igcncc .

1. Por 1 ,

J..!n~c ,

l ·t Col Lo'?-11 P. ""'''''ickt'r, Rxr·c

A, .. 2,

e 1.F

t(",

GC"orgc C. Vc!)on!'..lC'. , A- 2 , 8 AF J 2 Jan 44.

2. Hq PCl!IO No 1 , Hq· USS/.FE , 11 J nn 44 .

3 . GO II 2, Hqs , U~.S.AFE , 6 Je.D 44

4 . GO Ii 6, Hqs, USSAYE , 20 Jan

5. Hq Jo.1rJ'Jo No 1 , Hq

44

US~.AFF, 1] J.:~n

44

6 . Par 5 Memo , J.t Col Lo-r:C!ll P. '-"t cker, FoXoc A- 2 , Col George C, HcDoDl!ld , J..- 2, 8 JJ', 2: Jon 44

ti

a AI'

to

Col

6

,

Prnli~in~ry

Draft No . 1

'rho '.'1'ork of the Eir.hth Air Force A- 2 sect1e>D on fundcr.icntnl

intrlligcncC' , C'ttir;:ntcs

(Ina. studies hc.d

bc~n

lim5.tcd b('c.o.usc of

th(- diver si(ln of' TL:ll.n- po':":'t:.r for accoT'\plishirif, the

istrF.\. tlvc dctC'ils . f or tho

•

.To

dlstrib\~tlcD

mate-rial

and

7

rc:::, d ~'

of r:ops ,

~ i nth }jj

this condition, the responsibility ch"~.rt8

~;('rC'

cmd r r'cr,gnition trD.lnlng

Forccs, and the> accountability for

genoe mottcrs r:rs transforrcd to

unit

Neither

Q

those units !roo the c.rrangCr.lcnt of

t!l,('

r.C'f.'

s~ction

orgr.niznticn .

Int.lli.~(·nc(' fur.ction~

intollig~ncc

officers

count~

o~

du tiClS r:hich afforded the or gnniznt.ion

Eo.

a

8

nor a photographic

The: trc.nsf c r of

rnc:dc poadhlo a r o cor.s~lid n t1on

•

9

oporation

Planning, r r r-vlously nccornplishcd by the Elr.hth

Air Force /t- 5 section , occ,'j'!C

Co

function (If the' Dircctorotr (If"

10

7 . M<-mo , Lt Col !,or~011 F.

cis I

of

gTr-:;.tcr c cnc ontraticn of

its cn('rgi('s on IIthc fundomrntl".l f 1 C'ld of its dut.ica :

01 intr:·llig(·ncc lt •

intclJi

Dcr-ut::" CO!:l.'"(l.ndnr for AdJ'"lin

public r.lntions

included in thC'

I ntcl1igc!""lcc .

c.dl"in

chcrgro to the eppropril'.tC' s('ctions of tho Eighth

t:"C$

lstration .

nncossn1"~

e ickcT' , Lctin? t.sst . CiS , ' A- 2 , BAF , to

t1

Brlg GOD Ch~rlcs C. ChC'!ur.~c::./, 5 D,"c 43

8 . Pr-.r 2 , F·'"'!:'IO1 J..t Col Lat'"t'll P. '.. .' d.ck('r , Ex<:'c A-2 J 8 M, to

r.aJ GC'orOl::r C. "cDonalcl , A- 2 , r AT" , 2 ~Tl'..n 44

9 . Memo, Lt Col LO·.7("·11 P . .....cickcr, Act.in;~ ~s~t ciS, A- 2 , $ to cis I Brig Grn Chc.rlc5 C. Ch~.unccy? , 5 D<')C 43

10. Pc.r 3 , P.r:::10 l ·t Col J.o\7011 1' . TCickc r, Excc A- 2, 8 AF , to Col G('or~(' C. ~.cDon •.ld, A·a2 , S .i>.F , 2 Jan 44

-

-

~

,

1.F

Prelil"11nar:t Drcft No . 1

~s

The orgenizc.tion of the DircctorctC' of Intclli£c;ncc dcsignrd to pcrfom t;;o 7:cncro.! rurposcs: 011 Opcrotioncl Into11igonco

~tt(",!"!=

on(l , "Direct!,m of

f .::llin.g Ylit!":!n the auth

orlt,- end r equiremcnts of t.he Cor..r.w.ndlne Gr-ner:::.l ,

Air Forces in Europa, including the bUltles of and dcoogo cnuscd the Conoanding Generel and

•

th~

~3n5

f'nc~.t';

U . ~.

Strategic

of aseo ssing the copo end , t l"J'O , "Koep tho

Deputy Gomnonding

G~n£r6l

Opprations

informed of the operational intelligence httvlng to d o o;.-ith the ca pr.biliti('s of the cncrr:yll . bility

ccn~l£tod

ting and

of

11

'.lor~

collcoti~g,

dissc~lnotln !;

spocificc.ll;r, this r esponsi ..

interpreting, rvaluating,

col1a ~

air intclllgr'nec of vru..uc t o .the Unit ed

Stc tcs Strctcgic Air Forces in Europe , and in sorno inst:!nccs to

011 of the Pni tr·d Stll.t.r s Air F'oroe::: i n Furore , as r--r-ll

asscss 12 lng th(' cnreh! l itirs of , mld t.ho;-, dOrlagr dono to , thC' oncr.lY. The collection of air

lntclli~cnoc i nfo~ation

lisbcd nainly froJ:"1 the fo:U o-::ing flcurCOfl : gC'ncc

tlgcnc i ~s ,

Intc111g("!]co

T.CS accoMp.

(\11 British I nte11 1

"'8r Dct\.... rtl"lcnt in roshing-ton, A:!licd Govornrncnttl

r(":port~,

o~rc.tioncl

th rntcrs, thC' Office' of

StrQt~gic

rcpor ts from .Air Forcce in al l SC'rvlccc, tbC'

onic "'Ilr!'c.rc~ and Photo Recor:1lcif:sancc untts.

11. Info

f!lC'DO , Col GcorfI .... G('n Fred r~ . Andcrecn,

12. TCl1 t fltivC' 17 }nr 44

08

P~r:; nnn01

c: .

MinlB~T7

of

Econ ~

1)

:.i1cDon<."'ld I D of J , Uf~T.:.F , to Uc j ~r , USSTJ.F, 23 Fro 44

D/cc

lulott':lCnt Ch.::.rt , Ir,tclligcncC' Scetion ,

13 . Drcft, Rcpcrt of Orgcnlzet5.on , 8 RF :"- 2 , D("·c 43

Draft No. 1

ThC' sj tucticn of U. f . Strat('p.ic Air Fcrc<:s in Europe (rrc ccedcd

b~l

th e Fighth Air ·Ferce and U. S.

;'r!1~p

Mr F(lrccs in

U. K. ) differed froc vth~r intcl li genc~ orgoniz~tions because

.

the British Air "1.nif"try' s ('ntiro organization '-:1:: 5 pleced at

thrir dispc s!ll.

At the

bcgln ~ inc

of U. S . Strategic Air Forces

in Eurepe the collection ro.nci ('veluetton of the- "rC',tt n.:!terial ll intelligenoe ras }~inistrYt

14

eccompll~hod

end the Brjtici!.

hlm0st r.ntirc}y by the Air

cf!;CnCiCB

of the Air

~~ini~trv

con

tlnund to 'providc thr Mest importc nt s curco of c ir Intclli gence information f or the Dir c-ctoratc· of IntdJlgc-ncc,

]5

tcp;ic Air ForcC's in ruropc' .

As lete c s

Brig Gen Geor.g!"' C. t:cDonc1d ecid, "The-

24

0.ctobcr

Un.~. t,rd

Et.ct f' s

U. ~ .

Str2"

1944,

J.l1!l"!

Air Forces in t h1 f\ thCln t C'r ar c J'Drt'icuJr. rl ,. fortunetC' "in hcv ing hed lr' rr~

high) y trc.incd ; "-f.ficicnt E'riti sh Air Y.inistrr to

Q

upon for

J~ ir

Int('lJ i r,cnc C' s o urgrntly

16

n .~ cdooll .

Since

United f tat C's Air !"nt,...-ll i gcncC' be gon situ] t!!n~ously with Unjtcd Sttlt('5 e ir r:a r fere' , it shcu1d le'e n h rGvl1y upon tile zetion.

l?l!S

nl'.turc1 thnt thc- Amf."!riCllnS

highJ~"

Until the for!:lC tion of U, r"' .

drw'loprd Brjtish orgo.ni ~tret("·g ic

Lir Forces in

Europe , C'xigC'nciC's provc-ntr d t he United StLt C'E h.1r Intclli ;... gence from

bcco~ing indcpnr.~ r.D t.

14 .

Ltr , ~ubj: Org,".niz:-ticn Plt'.n for 1..- 2, Opc-rationnl Inte'll l g-.:-ncc S('!ction, It Col Julie n Alle-n , Chi r.f 0 I f c ction A- 2 , S AF to Lt Col 1 0":;"C'11 p ~ rdckrr , Acting ;'~st . cIs A- 2 B AF, 2 lk'c 43

15.

!:cno, Subj: Functions of O: f ic o of Dirrctor of Intclli gC'-llce (no signature - originated in or·-icc of D of I in Aprl ] 44) I·t .t' , EUh.j: Stll ff Stl.ldv: The DC'sirot-ilitv for e proposed DOf'Ut~p COM.l1nd cr f or Air IntdJ igC"ncc Sc·rviccs , USSTAF , and thr. propcsed Or~a~izotion , Brig ·Gr n GC"orp-r. C. ~cDonnld , D of I, US~AF , to ·II-CQ.r-Upa ntz, thru No j Gon F,. ::d Andorson , 24 Oct . ~ .)

:6 .

'0 ••o'

Prclirine.ry Draft No. 1

~c

thr. new Dirrctor of

Int~lli gcncc

did not

Intel ~

to

el i minat.e the Eritilili air intdJigrncc inrJuf'ncc , hC' did pIon to

assUD('

C0nscqu ~nt} Y J

,

dogrcr. of independence .

e~rangcncnts ~cro ~edr.

gr ncr of.£:iccr,s to J~ini

EI ~(',~ tr"r

grcdually

f ourt oen 'o! flec rs , r.h! ch

~tatc. s int ~11 i-

i nti:oo.tC'!Jv in the ve.rlous Air

portici~to

1:'try sou"'ee end stud·...

fer Uni ted

c.c~ i vi tiC's,

ROO in Doc C'l"!lbcr 19Lc3,

r 0pr~sr ntrd nprroxL~t~ly

one - third

of the intelligence officers nhen the no" director ate 'rnS for ~0d ,

l:rrr approved for

benches in the .Air

~1in.i stry. 1?

n('l

~~Q~ n v~i lo b1 c

Air

'~inistr :r

Donf'~d

es ~i gnM,nt

to

US~TAF,

on the

~\nd a~c ntal

/..5 r:oro i.r::tr lligr'nCC' pl"rson

thf'

J~ric an

purticlpction in

.fu..Y')ct.i ons br-co"!c Mor e pr01't:'U.."lCOO .

"'IOinteincd e po}.:'cy of

tioD for t rro purpose's :

wor k

gT'f~dualJy

on('l, t ('l produce

Gf'nCl rnl Mc

incrnasing po.rtlc1p;1 nn it~

Stat.cs Air

Force dr-vt"llopfd intelligrnce ond .... t thr, snr:.c ti Me to provido tho r.ruch nccd C'd training of Unit.ed to relicve thC' ge'nce

co~plrx

~rt:l7;

~tC\t f' S

pM'6onnI"1; and t 'l'.'o ,

Air forcC'f' of duplicct.!ng t hi s i ntt:ll i

in the int r-r C'st of

mcnpo~r cconocy~S

In order to co - ordinntt"l t he col1.:-ctlc'n, 1ntC"YTr etn ti c,n,

collct1on e nd dis soninr tion of cir

~_ r.trJligC'nce ,

offic(,rs flo oT.]

17 .

Ltr, ,!;u;" j : ~u:ocrv' sion of' 0por:::!.tiC'lnal Intl"llip, C'nce Sub Section, L- 2 , r..t, C('l 10:.('11 P . I"'r",ckcr, J:.ctinf~ As~t . cIs A-2, 8 AF, tb ciS /Brig Gr n ChcIlc s C. Chauncey/, 19 Dec 4 3

l~.

Itr , .'='ub,i: E=t?ff St\.ld, " Tbr Dosirr>..bi11t,r for a Proposed D0~Ut:.- COr.n:',ndC'r fo r J.ir IntoJl i F{c 'ncr: Service s , ussrAF end the Propcs;,'Ci Orp.anizf':t1 on, Brig (k n GcorgC' C. McDoneld , D of I, USSTi..' F, to Lt Gcn Cerl Spaatz leG usC'TJ::FI thru !fr. ~ Gan Frf':d 1 . Andcrsrl1 , D/en OpS , USST/.F', 2L Oct 44

Prr:lir!lnr:ry Drnft No ._ 1

tho Directorate of

Intcllig~ncc

r e gularly schedul ed moctings :

pnrti ciFctrd in the

19

4.

J oint Intc-11igcncc COr'::-J.ttoc Ofrico of !"nr Inforn~ti on Psychologic cl -errer .-· h r·ld at J..ir t!lni stry Psychol ogical T!'arfcr r hrld f:t Tld('wlng

5.

Joc~cy Cocmit~o

1. 2. c.

6. J oint all Working

follo~Q ng

Cor.~ittcc

7. J oint all Target 8. "Prisoner of rar ond EEcapro in con.it'netion nth the Intclllg~nec

)11.1itl'.ry

•

9, 10. 11 . 12.

Sr:ction, ETCoUSA

Prisoner of ~~ ond Escnpoc nith r.ighth hir Forco Doily Air TUnistry Str.ff Moeti ng CocbinC'd Intc-llig(""nc(' Pricoritic--s COldrnittcc Cros.:sbor.

In r.dditi on to th(":5("" r t"gulp..r t!:.lJctings , informnl conferences ~t"ro

held with intrrrst rd agencies f or the co - ord i netion of

s pt"ciflc projrcts. Gr-nerel J.!cJ?onr"ld , fro!!! the:. tir:-,c he hr.d been appointed Dire ctor of Intolligenc e ,

~ork cd to~ard

tJ:lcriean I.1r Intt"lli!7l"-lIc ('

t.n~t!

::t('nt s of

0.

gro'i1ing /iir Force .

the

dC"Ve1opr~ nt

of en

th.."It c ould 1)ilfill the rC
One of the- grret(lst obstc.c1 c s

in o.tttlining this gaol r"as tho l a ck of quo.lifhd personnel.

In October , 1944, Grncr a1 McDonald stcted : " At this junct.ure it night b l'" "l':e11 to pause and r c f1 e:ct or. the r CSponsibilities of Ai r IntcJli~C'nco to the Air Forces. I hf've tocen in s·:-rvicc cnd c onncctrod nth Ai r Int olligc-ncc ~c tlv! tio:s l ong cno:u......h to lmo,,", t ha t this irnporUmt section of fundcnc,ntal nc :- d s Cl.r.d rr-quirerr;cnts has been seri ously n('gl octed r.nd has hf"'. d to contend with d isccurap,c"coz:nt FI"OO 1 9n~iny b( ycnd that of thr. other ru~dr~c,r.tal s~ctions under the COnBnnd lng Gcnorc1 of tho ~rmy hiT Forcee.

19.

Hono, tubj:

Donald D o"f

r

Lint of PXlct.inp:s , Brig G, n Gcor go C. Me t o D of Ops, 7 Aug . 44

,

PrclL'1!inory Dr:!f,t No. 1

I

I

I

" This ncr hc s taught

UI5

the need for 2doquatc and

tinoly tntcll1gcnec. This cnD only bo achieved by having sl1t fic i cpt trained personn.:·l , cquiprnc'nt and other f acilities

I

! I

t~

a chieve this ond . "20

The original orga nizcti 0n of the Diroctcrctc of Intelli gence 2) eonsi~tcd of f our s ec tions. 0n 16 February 1944 there ~e rc

•

,

38 officers, 1 rmrrcnt officer aod J C? e nlisted personnel essign.. 22 (:d to the Directorc t e . Bv the ond of 1944 thore T1er c _ __

scctions

23

~i th

n totel Qf 126

and 162 enlisted perscnncl

U.

~rfic er~

pO rf ~rm ln ~

2

warrant cffic ers,

thp duties of the j n

tclligcncc directorate . The enlarged intelligence orgc.nizQtion 110 S brought primarily, t o

i~cr ("asc

the. e f f ici e ncy of fulfilling

~ho

gina l int(:lligcncc corllitnonts of U.S. Strt.tcg ic .Air

a~out ,

ori

Forcc~

in Europe o.n
20 .

McI':'lO, Subj:

Per sonnel and

Rcorg~ ni~et.lon F~cilltl es ,

of Air Technlclll Intelligence

Brig Gen George C.

~~Donald,

D of I, USSTAF , t o Mf.. j Gcn Fred L. Anders on, D/ CG Ops , USSTAF, 9 o. t 44 21 .

Per 5,

~mo ,

Lt Col Lerrell P.

~ei ckor, Exe c ~ AF, 2 J an

to Col Geor ge C. l··:cDonf'. ld, A- 2,

?!..

TnntC'.t lvc Manning. Tobh. Intcillgenco J 16 Feb 44

23 . 24.

A- 2, 8 AF, 44

Orgc.nizotion Chert,

'

.

U~STAF ,

12 Fen 1945

. --~.- ~

"

•

,

,

Preliminary Draft No, 1

tbe

These edded functions included

year~

electronic intelligence,

~ch thing~

,

Po~t Ho~tillties . Plenni~g

te'llig~mcc and Technical lntclllgeJlCe,

sa

and

~n~ .

GeJ')oral McDonald

assumed for his directorate these addltiona~ r(l~ronslbil:ltiEls , .. bel~cved

because be

that

6~y

4e... centrallzation

of intelligence

fecilities limited the qual,itv of the intelligence produced "

end

'

~~litated

against the

.ef~iciency

of the Diroctornte of ,

, 25

. Intell1.gcnoe . . .

By Z4. OctobcT 1944 ,

Qf

, ' Intcllig~ce

had

tb~

responsibilities of

tb~ Dl~cctor .

he~ome :

1, - Tho collection end dissominet1oQ of "detstlod ' i,nform8tl~n on the · ~m~I!lY.'s 8tr~n~h; de~cnsoB, diipos1t;J.on~ a~ capobUltlEl~

operations .

to be used for

pl~nning

end

'

~ondu~tlng

dSl.ly

.

z.

"

•

The initiaticn of ovc~all 'policy and co ~ ordina ting th~ efforts of all ~er1c8n Air Intel11ge~ce ~n ETO with British and Allied Int ~lligen~e i~ ordor to nccomp~laP ' tntel~ ligcncc aims . . ,. Tho ~bmlssion to .~o .CO, ~cy 41lr Forcfls), and . Air Staft', Weehjnff:'on m.th J\ir . :rntt'!llJ,g ~nce r:clcvant to their CC!"!!'l8qd .resPQDl!libilitios end pertinent to their necds~ the ' dies'ominat1oD of such i.,toUigencc to adjacttnt 800 lower ech eloDs' and to the SpCCiF.l sF-enoiee dependent. llpo!l tho Intelli gence serv~ce8 of UfS. Stretegl0 4ir F~rces ip ~urope,

,

.," 25, Ltr, Subj:

starf ftu4y :

., .

,

,

,

The Pesirabl11ty fpr a Proposed

Deputy CCMrnp.Ddcr for Air InteJli~€r~e SC~C~S)' U$ST~, and · the Proposed 9r8eni~~tiop; Brig Gen GeorQ;e C. Mc - ' .

Do""~d.

P of

thru ~.. j Ce~

I, qSST•.F

Fred 1.

;0 'Lt Gen 1)",,1 Spa.to, Icc ussrJ\F/,

Mdo~.on,

clcc

Ops, VSfTAF 24 Oot 1.4

Prc-l i rninnry Drcft No . 1

4.

l.w.ttcrs porteining to FORt Hostilities. ~s

By the end cf the yE'nr, Tc·chnicc.l IntC'JJigrnce the

gror.ir~

lis t

(1

f

'\"

...

r~spcns1 ~ iliJics •

cddcd to

27

.A.l thcugb the Dircctcre t o of Int.(lJ 1 igcnco

dependent , the British

26

1nf)ucnc~ ccntinu~

gr'c.\": M('ro

in

to be gre e t .

B€

cP.usc C'f cur rcliance upon ldr }':inist.ry In t .c1l1E!(·nc(· sources

•

only c fort of tho Dircctorat.c of Intrllig(:ncc r:::s r.hl c to f"C'Vc to the Continent .c.ftcr the invCtsion.

2

1:1:

(J;.dvE'.ncNi cle..

I'!:cnt.s of thtl Dlr ectorat.:- of Int.cJllg "-'ncc r.er fl c5t.cblishcd on the Continent as pElrt of the·

StrAt.egio Air Foret's

~

Adv~nced

furC'pC" by

Hccdqt'C.:rtt'TS , n.r.,

e Sopt.

44)

2°

At n confer

cnce on 9 October 1(144 , GenC'l"al Andcrs('" n 6:o-pJninc-d our ":lorking 8J;I"eOT'iCnt. 1'1th the BrH·:lFh thus, l-.f'.Ck e'hC'Ut

tW(1

years ego , that.

-p,

II

It ....c.s or) gincJ ly pJ anned , r.culd reply \' pon British

scurces of Intclli e:cnce in th1e: theater end that they i"lould r Ql y upon U. · S . sources for Intcl1:!.gincc rcqu1r£:r:l(!nts in the -,;ar 11'1th Jepnn.1I

)0

26.

J,tr , Subj: StC'.ff ~tndv : The Dcsir.eb1l1tv for e Pro POB~ DLputy Comnnndcr for hir Intelligence Services, USfThF, end the Propcscd Or~cnizcti(".n, Brlr. Gen Gocrre C, ~Doncld, D of I, USfTlJi' J to J-t Ger. Cerl Spentz , ICG USSTli'1 thru )'l'.j Gem Fred L Andcr$cn , DICG 0ps , USSTAF , 24 0ct 1.4

27.

Ltr, !!.j G~n Fred T·. Andrrscn , D/CG Ops , U~.~TAF to D/CG 1.dniD , USS11.F , 14 Doc 44

28.

Me~rondun J Bri~ Gon George C. HeDcnald, D of I, USSTAF to /Brig Gc r. Edm'.rd P . curti.l, cis, USSTf.F (thru Asst.

DC Cps) , 8 Sept 1.4. 29 . Ibi.d. 30.

ConfercmcF'J hf'ld in ti ons , US F~~

' ~f1'ico

of Dcrut;v CO.l!"JllnndElr, 0pf:rn

Prclinlnnry Draft No . 1

During the

p~e' r ~onc~-

of' :-'nr this

, 'as entire] y fRtisff'.ct or v .

errcTl~('rtE' nt ~.1 tb

1.8 n T.",3ttc r of f eet , i t hed nndo

pos:::iblc a ",er e cff('ctiv(' and rtC'rC' e ff iclc·nt U. S. Air Fcrccs in Furopc i ntp)ligcnce

•

the Bri tlsh

orgcniz~ti on

~.tr("! t og lc

thnn couJd have

been lltt.oined othc·r nse .

IJe,'orthcJ r ss, the pr cgr £:s fI of the

r.ar had clearly

the n Gcessity of an overell end

p1 c tol~

In~ieatt~

Intel11 ~en~~

independent Air ~ould

til1tlas 1n Europe

bilit1e s .

To bring

th~

3gcncy.

not cruse Air

co~ -

The end of hcs

In telli~c nc o

r csponai

war to its ccrl1cst conclusion and to

C!.nti cipe.te f or fu turn cOD.'!littments, "Cenore.l s SpC.!!.tz , f.ndcr60n

and McD"-oold !1Toposed to ·e stn"'"'].ish an 1ntelligGnco or gnn iza tion of comn.... nd pro!XIrtions.31

In D("'cCof':btr 1944, Gonorol

McDon ald "\lcnt t o r!!. shil'!f!tcn t o subD.lt :-cOCI:l!'1f:ndr.tlon8 and

pl ens f or the n(''II' U. S. Strategic /I,ir Fo::cc;; s in Europe Int(Jli~cnco Co~~nd.

Tl.'!rnot Int·("ll ig(·nce tt""ith the' for!Tlnt-1 on of' Hcr.dquc rter s U.S . St.rc.tC'glc Air Fe-rccs in Furore', th(' coer-dinetien of t.r...rpf't Mt.ters e nd

opr;ratinnnl r lenring "!'i th thE! :.ir FC'rc e f" r.m th o Britil'lh soctiC'n~, fo r.~crly

the function of t he h-5 Section In

quarters U. S .

iLl::- Fcrccs 1n U. K. l'it. s inccr pcr r.ted into tho

l:.r"TIt

Hea d ~

Dir t'ctornt,o of I nt.l.'I) Hgcncc· under the Tergcts sub - scction.

31. Conference held 1n t.hc C'lff1ce of the DefUtv CO!!ll!!andcr, O~rotior. s, Pidcv.ing , 30 r et 44

.-

,--

L -

---~-----

Prclir.dnE'.ry Dra ft No . 1

Fron the' functiorw.1 :ooint of vito\"

the TargC'ts sub

sC"'ctl cn dealt ,:,.'1th the: coordinating of target l':IOttc.rs vi th the ~nd

Eighth

Flfternth

J.j.x

Forcos e nd the R.A . F . ; ~nd

TergC't SC'Ction of Bor.irerdr.lcnt Dircctiv(·s, get r.a tcrin l for th e Rovel Air Force .

\lSC

of th e

U.~ .

Lr~

UnitE.

,.

the

prroucing tar .

J..ir Forces and the

Th e cconemic aspects , on rhich ottnck pri .

oriti()s Poere oosed , of potential targets nere lr.Ior~c ti on

pr c~ ring

obt ai ned fr ern U. S.

~nd

~t\ldicd

through

British Economic r arfere

This sub- s(;'ctic:oD prepared tl'.rget potenticlity reports

giving spoaific

infor:- ~_tion

chcut the inportcncc of a porti

ct'lc.r ind\lstrv t o the ene:"lY; furniEhed AiMinfi! Point Rc}:'Crts for the location of

~nc~y pl~ts

or

f~ctor;es .

As e basis fo r

reco!!m'eoontions of fur ther esrcults, Ecrnonic 1W.id pointi ng out the interrupt ion of prcduC'tion

h~r

II.BE'OSSrnen~s ,

1.H1ed stu.cks

£'.00 knOml fnets ccnccrning tho prO.'!I'CBf' of rflc r Dstruction a fter bor.:bin ~ ,

..,ere used .

~tDrinl

on

~r. s

f~ok ,

provided .

InforD",otion on

bal1 ~on

E nc~y

ground defenses ,

barrages, scnrohlighte and radcr

)2

The ·ma jor. portion of F£.t('ric.l ut'cd

h:.~

Tl'.rgcts

at Air 1:'iniBtr'·, beth in I. . I. .3cO,) nnd in M. I . 15 .

r.C 5

erected

At A.I.

3e(1), a d ot~c~n~r.t of offic~rs rpd cnJ i5ted ~cn fr on tho U. S. Stratei!'ic I.ir Forces in TUTOP<" Tnrg('tB 5'..1b - s(>ctien ?.'es " the on] y group of

1.~ (" rican

pcrSCInncl

en~ C'. r-cd

in the r.lCking of

.32 . l.1ccc , subj: Functions of Office of The DiTectc.r of Into1l1g<·neo .\l,crli.M,l.-

-."-- - . . ..

d

-

------ -

-

,

.

,

•

•

• •'. Prollc1n£a
Thec.1ie~~ 33.

Qll

Intelllsence B.t cndpoint in 'the

}!;uro~QA

Frou ";'.u.~ust of 1942. "hen .~lc.j.or 1.. •... l£,wSOfl, of

Hec.dQuu-ters El&htb

~o1r

Foree ,"ont to work .Cot M..r llinist:ry

w~ th. ~hree R. jItF~or(ioE;~; ~

1,•• •

~·~ . j~tF! .c.nd three civ1!icn

tre:ns1."-tors ;;bo cede up tbL entire ster!,' the totel PGrsonpc l of ./•• 1 ,30(1) bL.d increased by t.larob 1944 t·o .60 ,

or

17)J.0".:l

21

were u. s . lJ'.!!y lJr Forces officers bIld enlisted oeD •

•

.i., 1.3c~1) held the reapopa1 Ul~ t:J of tu:m1sb.1ng both

tb~ 5.rtt1sh ~d J.:..erlcL..' .i..if FOFc033 in U,:i ted .iG.n~Ol.l .ond. ~n t:Qc )led! te-rrOl\ec.n with c.ll to..r get r.:..:.ter1 c.l pJ'Oduced Cot ':4 r

Ito function in:('orc.ot~Oi.l

.

~

\;'c.~

.

l>ac.rins on

.

to ~l'U(;et t;rOo. 011 sour.c es

- -

c.l~ ~Cfs:etfJ ~ll ~n l:r~

tGrJ'1 tOf'Y GIld

thei1 trc.nslc.to it into B~ tc.tlo operc.tionc.l o:lLter"icl to'1-" the

US~ Qt p)cpnufs, br1ef1n~ offic~rs cod t+14nb pe~SO~l~~ . . -

•

IDto~tio~ ~bGct8 ~Vtn8

dos cri ptions ot

."

~~

tor~tp.

l oc<..1(ions (;lld to.port~~ . t:CiJ. bottl cconoQ1c t.nd 0111 ~tTY poip!S ot

~';''ii'i

8!U'fO~"l~1:\l$

.

,

.pLoto&r~ph.a ,

in

t ~rbf.t

cc.ps ""14cb abO\".! tcrgct

t;.J'Cc.; ·spqfl and

~U80

scala

l oco~lon

verti~cl

OJld

OQrip.!

(.1ll\01c.ted to point out inportctr;: parts 1.:1 lbo

cttQck~ . (>[l 8t~Cto~c

!nfot""..lCttpn on toctiou '

tc.r&etI'J!

tCl"t,<.ts 1~ pr9c!UQ~ c. in the toro.

fir

T~.ctic~~ Tc.r~et Do~siers , if

?3.

No'P:>.s , ..i::lerioc.a tetc.cht:ent ct ~'.. l. ~o (l( SQ.p

~ . l~ i d . ·

1944.·

..

,

4

')

• PrellIJinqy Draft NO.1 .h1eb oontein ca:.plcte' 1n.toro.lC.t1on on. ell tcctlcnl targets wi thin the terri tory covered lly

~uch

dossier, c.ad in nnnotuted

vertical pbotOGTopbB, . ceri~ '. ,ihen T~rM~s bect.:..:.e eskb,ij,shed ps (. . sub- section undeJ" Intelli~Jl,Ge J)1roctoro·te

to;

•

eub~e~t1on

of

'~2:~

it

c.asw:.X:d ' the funtrtions of llck

Hecdqq.c.rtere

u.s.

,i -r-4 ~ar l'o~ces Ll U, K,

,10k. c.lc:mc wi th i;cQlo!.lic Reid .:.asoes.pent.~ , . ~eQY Ground pefeases....

BaHoon

B~.rcS."

Flck

.soq-cItl1gh~s

'lld Red",!,. ·tomed 0 divisioD

.

~trt:elli~ >l co ~ntor.,c.t1on ~~

·p:-oduccd e;}tijrel>,

();).e the. personnel . third of .' .

o~~i~rs

•

m .d

en!i~ted

~4 d1aset:4u;:..t~on

wo.{I

~4W+u:~1 ble

of Flc..k ~ 4for..:..ct1on .

"tib~ .

for

- dls4~td!l(;'"Qn

the

i,..:en , l7AQ uac d· ln the,

.

COP,.f;lGt~on,

Unae~

. .

collo.tloQ.

J,t.Colonel

aupplfina ot porst;mncl

~o ~t }: ,·15

I '

for

of q.o:.k i:;,.for-c..ion, tllld for tJ;ae coorr!1nc.tioq

of Flak -P.f(!tllei.J:$ CLl)DS .the Uni ted stc..tee 4 ;r Forees 1n ~qrope.

In Ootoi?e1 ~

+~r; t;:coorcl ~P~C 1;~ cn~ ...nderson

rellJ,i z,:..d the e~8tenee or ~ ~rotle;. in the i n crease

.

~u~ to OUGt:I¥ f',lc..k .

-

it!, ~our '

~O"se8

Tb~>, expressed: t~~c ~r r..IlJt1e~y · Qld c jo1n.t

Inta·lllbOncc/OpQrct1on=8t~~Y of tllo probl f:!·.l wos in1t1o~d, .95 ,

,

.'

i

,

lJelX>, Erii.~GCn . 039rli,O' C. Moton.:.l d t Djr USDTtJ!', tp Col lJ>:"'U P"•• ~ollor •. j/ej>l
•

t"

, ,

)

Prcl1c1~ory

Major ~s

Ceqer~

p1dfi ela • .,J..

S~.eia1~st

Drdt No.1

of JIq. i,JeF . on

vls1 ~ to thi$ tbec~r ~ ~~ Nor8::Jber of ~~4 s_~re" 5qd t he

nc cess1~y fOf inve!~~siti~~ of c~ptured cer~ .tlQk ~nstc l~ lQt~oDS by ~~ trdnea "tlck D.nCfysts

..

, '.

u~tex:' ee.p~d~.

:Pr~bCblY

36

c.s

0.

I'Cs\u. t of

ccti ve fle:k uni t wi thin -the lJ1 rector of ,

•

'

.

~ ou.duct rese~o h t

lo~ses

su;-veys C:O:1d stuCio:lS

due to Flc.k "!'t.s

~u8f.este4

ris ~Q2..u us possible " .

tlUs

(i.

;::lOre

I~ t,.,llle,ant'".8

tor

, USSTJ3 , '

end J.1; . Colonol

R:i.ebC::X'd

~t.

,

De~erec\lX. C~;C,

tbc u . 'I'.1t~ cj.£:~ In~ll i~llc ~

reco.JOquped to' .hClcd t~ unit , .

i ll

·.jCS~P8ton t

,

.

.TCDq. c r~. l~ , ~ho .propos~

23

i n (o"r

Co ~ec1;

-deol o:r

clisC~81on

of c. !lep Fl~ s~t T~P cw.t~ c:;ld t he

.rElC$~fld~t1I;)Jl,,s

·for on o~~~eC: fl~ ~ Cf~i Oh wore .~1;Clted . cbprt

I

:lqdiCf ~ " ns t he type~

'fit..8

'37

,

._~

•

ot

the reduetto!l

ot officers

~ C?rgcn12c~o~~

Df;ledcd .Cor "the DDli

E.lc:k seotio~ ~ 1?~ df'CoWIl up ll¥ Lt,Ccl9'; ;lel $\lrbp ck: . ~d opp~v~d

.

McK:1nnef .

'

l:!~E:dquOftQrs ~ ~'J.r i'oroo~ re pftl~n tc:tivo

1 Lt.

Col one l .r. ~'~ Bo\7.~ of ~X ~4r t:cfel;'l.$e CO~':f41 CIl~ J,:ajar

Crespr¥ of ~bht~ ~Ar force Tho cru...f~ tiCS E.p.provod ~y . ' . .. ,, , i· i . ' .. "

..

. ~6. I n.t't JJeoo -,C9+, Mi llo;d ~r.is , De~u~y p~tW , to (E:r1,8, Ceo, Goors. · C.IJeDol,,,ld) p/." ~.l. u.s:;T.u~. st ,D/!, US&'TJ..F j

2:3

De~

4.40

'

'+; r.l'o'''''U,I..

---- -

.

-----~-

)

>

.

,.

,

too

Colonel "..eieker qt;l

See\ion l;CS to

b;:

Lt~ColODel

;set up by

.surbeck .. pen,ding the trri-vcl ot ~t . Col¢:lel Devorecu,x troo'" \'icsbington '~ho- WUl to be 1 -loS.' beed.

38

Since ·U.S . strC:.tee;lc ~r FOTCt.;8 in l.urope . provide YocCWlcies 1::1 the

the:t t ho . v£.rio~ k1r

Tio

~~orees

wep unf:lble

to

-ror this .:;xpc..'1.S;i.on , ~~ WLB. ~6cided

liQUld furnish

on

ptt~ee:rs

Tin

to

'd. ,:;, strL::to~c ".iT .!'oro,..::s in ~urope pending Fobo.ble CSSigru:l.eut,39 1'1\13 new ofScnizc'\ilone.l cbc.r, diYided the slok Iq tplJ.1s.ence

•

~~t~oDe

CIt ton

into five pq-ts under Colone~~

,pnti ...Rircrc.f;

too

'I'h~

8upt.;.rvision QJld 41rec tion

-

otficor pElJ'BOllllel

~re Jlet

dow -Cor e:c.QQ 6ubo~(UnL~ ~eti~)J~ cqc:oTdi~ tG ~ucUtic'"tlon8 Qld

:('Ulk CtnG. ttu.:

cfficeJ"s, offiC\if8 04 tq ' . . '

.

bc.
11\ gellerc.l

E~ope

fGctor~

.

wo, no

. atn.tiaUc,

.

Int6~.\.~e;eI4ee

in EQ.

~oneef r~~~~ . ,

It bed

c

wprk.

('.,.'1G

M,!"

Fo. ce~

in

~~~,~nct1ng w.d · coordinc~~ng .

to n,e:.l\.; the

.

o~ apec;1c.l . flc~ e~udie~~

Q

4°

U . S~trcd;~~c

~dE:r~Qkun tllQ auil. Y~J,

i ~ ~gqd

flck CQn1'ure;.lce

.

cxporionce O1P 9tfiocrs wI th

cotlbe.~

'l~ Inw~~u~E!'

e_

iGc1.uded tJtct1sticitnS . ;,nt!...... J.re~_ott

~q.u1~ccm~s

'

~.

ru1d · 8to.pdordfu.~on ot

prepq:'t:.~i~n opd' d1s~ribut1on

.

"

the DUPQrv;sion ' of, ~nter":"c.l:r· fo~~

lJ. i4.eon ct th c.+l

~U ...d

flc..k

Q~na 1 e8 i

t he · eol~uc~ion . Cistri~utl~n ~~ pUbli~~g of. opclQtioncl I.

3e t ' J~;

40,

"

.,

I

II

I!

).tOOD , ~ubj, ~~6:Jdod - F+c.k ~',nclys1~ SQctiPJl of D~ ~S:Ti.F , 1.'.001 :r.l.. ~Om.l£,ll , :P.' 4·~1 CJ If'J;b ~ . ~~1d.

··

ort.Q.u.z,-~onu

. .'

CIlq't.

.

l'ropo~cd

u::.s.r;.t

f10k s..~t1on , 7 feb

4,5.

80 ---

- - - --

I Prel1:::d.nc.ry LrLft No . 1 tlck 1 nfo r ,.lc.tic.n, ' . ."l.a th~ o~).r..lysis of O!1(J;:::Y flc.k equ1;:t::ent.

I t I

t

4!

The. need for" Dor", hl&hly sp...ci<:.lizcd CDLlysis of fl c.k

inforr.:..".tion. b....cU.lo rccOL:niz.;:d i!l !:ll our hiehor hcoc.quc.rtors. In ".• uhi!lE>tc!l , t1l.jor

for Flak

iJ.:.; .

Q.,:~ere:l

I :ltcllie~neo .

In

C16fic.:lc1 orrl.;red "eleli tio:t.:J. offi co rs

Vie~7

of tMs , tho ilc.k

personne l to supply i t5 nucds. L

of

!

~trc.t"8ic .>ir FOlces in I.uropr:. r OQ.uvsted flck ClKlysis

c.nd cnti - urcrcft '-It111e:ry officers

of

~ ...ction

tClCt--t COl_pl<Jx ..

43

42

':::.lle:.

ot!lcr sJ:.Ocir..lizud

Fl.:.k hi;:,G r 9cchcd the Inportc..nec

en!! th.... rcwizc.tion of this rcJsultod

in thu croct1on c.nd oINH.tiol) of tCis ('lltircly Dew sot_up to

i.j()(.; t

th... ;:rcblc3l.l.

.:olons this lint; hurc.

Inror~ t10n

>;J [.S

Wic;. lJx}(. l'ic nco

to t..... used

i ll

8ci,:~cd

(;11 oth.:.l" t hcc.ters

of ncr , both in th" trdilil18 of :rc.rBonnol for Flak Intollis,c.nco

,iork Lncl in our

op'rt.t1onc.~

~pr,,:SCj:~ tc.tiv(..s

plC.:'l&li i1£!.

fro:_~

t h..:. vu ;'ouo t!ivi,sio!l.O of the

T£:r!&&ts subsuct10n sel"VlJc1 Oll tho Co;.:bin_cl :3tr itc&ic T'::Z8ots Corm ttc o . i7hich \,,"8 for_.:..t.: d of Eri Ush c.nd..i.u.... r1ec...;.l p.;rsonnol

for tht-.l ;-urPOSQ of

'S Si~i16

}
int<..llie,o!! ce r~ct;1'\. .... d fri.:.:' vt.rlous sour·c.... s . ~vt:1Ul:.t~d anCi

rcc a..:. ~.ldca 1;u[,Ct c o.:lplox.:.s . A4 itl . W'ac.niz.:.tioi'lLl C i:.t ;: r~,rr :: pos~cj USSTi.F i'l~k :Jceti oll , 7 1'ab 42 . Ltr , Bri~.Gcn . Ccor.:;c, c .r:cDouc.H .L/l U::LTl.F to 'hlt:.j Go n

H.R. (:lclfi{;lu, Hq . ~:...: $. 15 feLT 45 . 43. r.ll. !1utos ,Meetins of ":.-25 of ... :1 in Europe I 2,3 Jc.:.!1. 45,

44. Col. G· '" • .3 tc.ln(.~ r , Gfficc DII, iJ:J!3T. :U . i.iinu U.s J-ic<..: ti ng of ..._ 2s of ... $ iQ EUTOp.... 1 . 2) J"':' ~.

,

45.

45

.\

I

'.

:r.!ost of t h.: i :c.por tc.nt

tcr&~

t ca.::.pl ... x.;;s -::c r c do te n..iD.. . d by the

norki ..6 co;:.rj tt.:os fro:_ Cc cu.:.ul r t.:.:~ i~lfor:_[ tl O~1 .

The conclusions LlTiv(;d c. t by t::(; \:orki!lf, bra\leht'

bf.dor~

t h(; cO::lbirl\it:: DtH .t c@ c Tc.rf;t::ts

Lpprov£.;l or discpprovc.l priori ty syste:.. ' 3

•

00--,- -,1

l :4jl'C

t

Th",n t hoy

tte..,s ,:e r c thon

Co~:rl. t~.:.

fo r

.: ftc r \7h1ch n.c a:i:,:,ur:.c'lLtions for

8ub..:l tted t o the; ;,J.l1 ",d ..d.r COi.:.:..cnde rs . ribo

J ocktly CO:';':.:.1 ttGt:: . ".'hieh . u.:.:ti l t bu fOT_Ltioi.) of thl.. CGc.binci:.

Strc.teeic

T~rgot

of tt::r so t

~torit.l

E;Xj) c....... sion

of t !lt. r o l e

in Oc t obe r

i 944

Co::.ni ttoo

~n

J\1.:."1<'

ot 19U

ot th...,

tho only

\11 th tl1c

Cc·::bi nerc; Str c. t (;E.ic Tc.xat;t Cor.r.d. ttoo

to i nclu~c ~l t crset 5yStc ~ eubj\... c t to ~ttcck

sub_co::n1 ttce on th" Gc r .:l!.!l •.ircrcf t

Opu r ~t1onc.. l ! "Y·. fW1.~c:..,,",i.lto.l

l~telli€.(::nc.;

W-Cs

£-uti tI.c. l1sti r,& of tuoe,(; ts"

by t ho StrL~ tu t.ic l.ir :i1orcvs . t h£l Jockey

Thu

I!lclust~y.46

(.nc:. T.... Cil!li c :;..l I nt<;lli ...~ !lco

Ics;...o:·, siblli t y of t OL Lirector of

v;.::s t bct J:,<;rtLin1n l,t to

46 a

o~r::tiont;l l ntc llieGnc G . ~7 .

Col C.... . t; t L..l;u:.}.:.:. r. Cf fie.:. D/I, U:....!;~ •.F. ],l1nutl...s, Mcc.ti .... e. ot .'.- 28 of . .. j:'"' 1n :2\lIOPV , 2.3 JL.1. 45. Jc.ckl
I

I

CO",.:.:J. H oe t~CCi.:.C c.

T'.:.1s 1nvol ....cc:. t :'l:: 'colLction, cv::.luLtioi.l , co ll::.t 1o:l £.11.\1 45 ~

1

Gh ..... il· ;~~1. ~ Jed;o;)' Ce:. ::.-.1 tt€ . e .

47. L!fj~ I Lt.Co l Loo::t.lll'. ·..~1ck<.. r, •.cti~'l.f., ••.5.3i~ cis .·....2 , 8 ;,F to C/G E ri ~ . ~a Ch .: rl~s c..C. h{ \Ue ,,~ 8 . ~, 5 U;:c. t.3

i

..... .

-

~

-

,'-

-

Pr;;li:Jincry Lrc.ft No .1

disse:..-J.no:.t io:l. of i n tc::Ul6(: nec ooncer.li ul!, the.

e-:lC;::yfS

c ... ;.e:bili t1...s

~d ~ulnor~biliti~s . 48 Un-til the for-.:.c.. tion of

ev.:lu...tcd br the JJ.r toll-metry. ~,J..r

tee Un! wd S"tCltGS

•

U~T•.F

u(.;c.rly til of til..; c.ir

Duo to the provcllins circlt.ostcnco8 1

Forct;s , in tho Un! tod Ki::l.l:,C.Ol:l ""l"C re ... l c:.ct..d fc.c~

1 n u posi tion of c.cceytiua this infor...:.(, tion a t

1ncorpor~ tint, it Th....

tho

~.ir

i n to i ts

Ll crecs~ci

~~l" ts

. ("''1c!

vl::luc end

stucl,1es . 49

pc.rtici j:. ;. tion of .. ':':'c li.c al c..i r

, pO~7(;r

in

llinistr;,r f .;Jr Uni t....c;, Btc.:tos ink ll i ':'l.:ncc officl:ra to

.:.: ffici on t fu."'"l ctioni nb of tac Unit....a DtLks

personnel

\ . hC:l

FaICLs .

the Lir;.;c torctc of I:1t\...lli£:.~:l.cu , U. G.. ~~rt.tuBic

i.ir Fore .... s i !l huropt:, r es 8StLbli3hod

Forec;;s of

~.1r

I},.cl't:£:.~~' ~ld

'\"'...;r....

3llt<.l l1ta cou.lth \J s

(1) ll'lJ(b). iJ.2(c) ,

c..!lc. .

by (.vt.luc.ting

th". currcut t:nc:.;y tir O~ l l tions t o ~ s ti :.K t c. t h:.d utur~ in ·~c!1 tio~l S

4e,

Fer 2. Lt r, !..iUbj i OrLc..:lizc.ti o;; rl < ~;-~ for ;.- 2 Op"uotio-:.c.l I n t...lli;,.~:~c d

:....... cti o.1. , Lt: Col :.1li...;.!'. ~ .ll ....i

I

Cid~f

U:.1!.iT•.F I tc Lt Col Lo .cL. "i • .. d c\r..~ :r/~,":.ti:.1.':; .:.s3i3t U~"TI~~/

49··

f er

3,

2

o..c

OJ,: cit

1;2.

0 I .

cIs

I "

_.11 i nfor ~c.tion y... rtein1 ne:. t c tbe. ~ncqy 's

end sc el ...s of c..ttc c k.

oiterLft i ndu.stri ... s "'£.5 proe ... ssed b)'" ".12(£1,). c oncernud

~:1 th

studha.

~4

the pcraoll.:'1Ql Ulcl

fica eonc::.t r nc d \7iti1

o~e.rmi ZCtiOll

~3(c) !.La

of tht.; Gc:rocm

th~ (.: ne~ ls si ~uals

'P s c rvic(;) and. the: prepc.rc. ti9:.l of B, M. f". :reports.

s,Ystso .

The

IlSSCSSW l.l. t of mr ra1~ cl.lL.:lge WC.S the Nsyonsibili t y of

Ja.3(c) 2.

The oooreinction of sor"4•• conducte d by t ho photo8.I'opbi e :RoeOD!lci ssc.Dc(l Un1 ts wes ~y

5

.i.pril

1944.

aeco-":.rlis~\!4

by t he

;~ (:~~h.)

50

t~,C Ope r a tiooL1 Ihte+li ~enc(; end

'Y'

The se i neluGcd t he .coorli nl.tion r..n4 (.:vo.lut:. tion of cn..: py opcr c.ti.onol l!li'or....c.ti on obta::i n... d frou t he .4.r !,Jinistry end otho r s ou rccs i t he detcrrrlnc.ti ofJ. of t he e!lc.~ls str\.::lgth, dis~si tiO!l ,

o ffectiv enc·ss . ~~!lctiO.l . uas t !!B:e tlnd c Lpt:bll1t1 ""sJ

tho

e sce rtoi nin8 of loo L-tion. £lctivi t y and a;;ot(;; ntiali ty of eneW)'

uirdrclJO s toe..:; th",r· 'ki t h t ile. di s "I.. .ributi on of .t..ircr£1ft end uet e n a l thereon (c1isti nBuisLi nrs dUi.-qy o..'lC! decoy f1 01 c19 frOD optorationnl fields); Qle t o iJ"ovlde i llfor o c.:\: ion v (:l uClb1 e to coabat c rc t.·s pc r tGi:U.n~

n(m

50"

clevic~s

to re1foI'"_Llce . t ccti cs" vulna r nbil1ty, Cfucum ts, wei. i oprovc....c:l ts of ",no;..:y cd.rcn..:i" t C!l.c! dcfenc('; 9 . 51

pcrs 6. 7, &. Bt Lt f., Subj: Crsc.-u % ~ ti ojl Pl L'1 for i , - 2 O~e.rG'i onc.l h .tl..lliL.;:nc u O.;. etiop ,Lt . Co l Juli rn ~J.len,

..

Gnid 0 I,. U.:JTiJ to Lt Go: Lowell

? ,i,oi 'k~., (IootiDf,

IjQ~ia V([j;lj~~I~~]f(I' {JV(; ~l'

\1.

kl~<"l ~ ~!r"''jl~I'i Milill 1~~ 111I ~ml

aelioin(.r y DrDft No.1 ~.J.1 infor ~c.tion jA.rtcinint t o thy encqy 's

Uld aeolus of o ttc ek.

olarf.ft indu.stri c.$ "" .8 p-oc.... s8od by '.;-i th th(;:

conccrnud ~r

.;.14

l'.lCS

m. til

conc~rr;.cd

O~6uni

th"

~..l J(c) .:(;.8

zction of the Geroon

prepc.r~d pLat

Foroe. end. in (.ddi tio:u ,

studlE>s. 1Iyt1

c.uc::.

persoll.:.lo).

~·ol2( 0 ).

opere. tione.1 research

(;ne~ ' 8

Sif,llels

s crvictl and t oo pre:pcrc. til?:'l. of B, M. f". :reports .

W!lSCSSllOllt of Oir rmd

a~ge

SystEin. The

"C$ th6 Nsyonsibll1t:,' pf

i.ol.3(c) 2.

The cooroinctio:l of sort4-~s cOilduc ted by tho pbo tosrephic

RlconnLiss£Jlcc Un1 ts ~y

';,'05

aCCO'_lf lish,Jd bj" the . o.DI (r-h .)

5 J.pril 1944 . t he Operatior.d b ~d cas~~

sub-sdction

!hte~li,,-,onco

cur-tLi:l apw cl fl c

50

end

"y·

responaibillti cs ~

Thuse includcd tho ·c oorC:1 m :'.tion Ulrl cvalu Etion of cnt:.'l:iY operc.t::'oDal inton.c.tio:1. obtc:1 n . . d fror.l t he

sources , the

dewn.rl.n~tio:.t.

effecti venc-ss t p~ooucti O.l eseertainiIl~

oirdrooos

theNon

r !.iinistl")" ood o,ther

of tho en(j::-IY's strt:;:1.gth. disposi tiO=:1, 'f1Ci.s tc~e end c Lpc:;b111 ti ... 8;

-t he

of loec.tion. (lctiv1ty end }::ot<>ntiality ot 8ncCi¥

'toscth~r

with the.. dis ·l.XibutioIl of c.ircraf t and uc. teri a l

(castin:e~sl.1n~

fiolds). end to port~i nin6

t

~

du:.z;y 0l'lG docoy fiolds f r lD

~rovide i~fo roc~ ion v~lu~bIe

~o

con bet ere qs

to ,i-Orfor-':.I...:..1CE:. t cetics , vu l llore:billty ,

ne...' c1evic\ls Ulcl. itlprovc..Juts of i;nc;.:y td.rcTl..,i' t 50" Furs f, . 7.

o~rQUonal

£;.'lc,

.::.r~O=:-Ain ts,

dcfenc(';3 •.51

S, L~r'f Subj; Crgc...:.-u z l::t1on PIC"! for i~- 2 I nt...Uit...::nc r.: Dt. ot1op- ., Lt . Col J u liLll •.l l en , Chi.... .f 0 I I U,s,sTJ.,F . tc Lt Co: 1.owcll P. :"c ickor f /hctin~ ;.9sis C/f; ': ~",,2 .Uf.~""'T.I£! , 2 LGl~ 43. FullctiO::ld. Ch ~.rt . li.lt;e.,iliocnH(j ~,--etiO'l , 5 .'~Pf 44, &. MarD , subj: FU.l1CtioM of t h.. ortie<- of t he Li ruet~r of I llk. lli .....t;nee~Oritill£. tinf!. fra .: offic<- or the D I, but not dcterl _oost l1kr...ly I-rt>pl. rod to r_eco. ~pc.n.y l1ur.ctioncl Chu"t) &.

·O~!U"Gti on.:.1

51.

of

~

t

~-

;"'Z , t : «-J

I Proll::rl.o£ry Lrcf t No .1 disse:::;indio~

of i :J.tc:ll1gt;llCC ooneer.:liUB tbCJ enc;::yrfs eq..cbi li t1...s

und ...-ulLerc.bil1 ti;::s. 48 Un.til t ho for.:.c. t1on of

operctioncJ.

in~lli8.en9c;

TJ~T .....7

nCicrly c.l1 of t ill,.; Coir

I ntor.•cti on ht.c1 beon co1.11.ctod md

(:v.:.lu.:.tcd by the '.iT t.limstry .

we to the p.revt:1l1ns

eircu::~tcncvs ,

the Unl ted 8tr.;t';'5 ,;"ir Forcus , in t he Ulli ted lCi:l[,c!oo ....e:rt:;

•

in

0

pooi tioD of c.cccpting this i nfor.:.r.tion ot f;::ce v(:lue end

incorpor~ Un£;. it into 1 to5 n:tJOr~s t.:I.d stucUes! 49 Th.... illcruc.st;:G pntlclr~ tion of .. ':':cIiccn c.i l' pO':7(; r in the

Euro~(,.io.:J. '.: ~

tho J.iI' hlinistry

nvcussitc.t-:.. (l, ;",.:u ric >. :l C!cvbloINd opc.rLtioncl

f~r

Unl t....c;. ,stctcs i n1;e..lli.:..oncc offic(.:rs to

I.,;fflciVD ~ iu..."'lCtio:nilll;:: of til... Uni t...:e. :3t L t ..:.s

..

~ l cc~d

'i'ho i.1r Ministry

.:.~n.ci~s

,

~dr ~orC{. s.

the t incluclud Uni tt.:e. utott.s \"iorldng

personnel ,";hen the L1r.:.ctorc to of I:1t1..1lic!.!lcu , U . ~ . f..l~rc.tuGic i.ir For"c .. s i n :t::uropt;r, ,_ cs est(.bliGhod •.15(0)

0 •

.14 0 •.13(c) Z o:od ;.Ii:: (Ph . )

,",,1'1-

(1) .'J.5~b), {-l2(c) .

T!lc C. GO~1CY , ;.l.3(b)

\'1C.S

Fore... s of' ~n:c.:. .1Y <..l1d sc.tc.ll1 to eCu.ltri~s t.ni. , by c.v;;;.lu.c.tin~ th... curn.:i:l t t;rl':' .'.Y cir 0~lLtiO~1S to c.sti:.u t c th;...iuturc in~c!ltio~1 3

-

4e, Fer

2, Ltr , ::,;u1» .; Cri.c..:llz '- tio:·~ Fh~:> for ;._2 Opalctio:.c.l In"tt:.l1i,-c:.c~ :...... Ct! O:1 , Lt Col .:'".lli..<.!l ....11..:1 , Cilt .; f 0 I I U'-.i!;T~.F , to Lt Col Le. cE I . ·.. I,.)!ck.. :r/...:ti :.lL; ••5sist cis u~~.;:i/ 2 o..c 42 .

4~ r~

3.

o~

cit

,.

I'reli:J.nr..ry Drcd't 1';0.1 Gcllure:lly , t he Gis trl !iut:i,.on of Op(..I to tioncl intollieonce '."las ccco...: . lisbl...Q: throuSb tilL COWur=. of publ1c{,tions IJnd r \!;.orts . ::;~~£.ry

The tc.ily I!lt""LilPllCe Cpc.m:. tio:lc.l

!level

op~r Lt ions

of bo;:.:.tlnf, eno~

L

in vc.cb

tbLc:~or

of

ce ilviti ~s .

c (~uclti ~ s,

e:n~

Oth~I

such Th~

l:sstJ-ssoont .

c!c.LQ ~e

intelligence

:.cek:1y I :1u, lli tpnce

~U:..::lr.I')'

includoa

Co

co::pondi l.L!.l of

provided

~

aynopsi.s of t he. . .111_0. •.crie:l ot'fcnsivu agtinst Gcr.:l.."\llY.

eZl.;:;i~

streDbth I Cl.1sposi tiOil ,

~~po:rts

In ec!clitlo:) to r""'ou!cr publ1cc..tio:13 .

no r e prt.:pcred.

Eo:..:.b dc..ceo

i~~c.llC:.tions

po...r ti l1~ll t

by ••111 ... d .:.ir ;.oner .

to U~'I ..·.:F or

m:s disso, J.n ~ ted by

i..!1y

d~.iCe.c

•

of 0 sp... ciolizGd nc.turo

i :.:.flictod ujX):.l ti ~ ly

":".y

.:.ne !~

info r...:.ation

of 1 ts :reI;; ted Co:.;.;;.cnds o.:.l
c oru'c r~n cu ~l(::pho;)'E: .

lette r or sp . cicl report .

equi~.xmt

fer i os tc. ',cl.. . r.... rc cOClpilt;d

~c:,;l orts.

by photcE.rc,phic intorprctc:.ti o;.) of

•

md cou tnin!..:d dc.tLilcd dc.te

Y. U'

t tccks. drcre:ft clcir..:3 oc lossc:s ,

i nfor..!L.t1on t he:.t n(;.s oUc.in c.b! e .

•

covered nir tround c.nd

tole t)'IlC, c c.tIo

Operc.t o!lc.l ' "intcllieC!lC.C ,

W'CS

I

prepqud

.

for .both t he p i c)lth end ~he Fifteenth . J.r ioicu3 d....siBDe~ to co_oIOln.:. tc t heir

LC

ti vi t1..;s .~rc ... ffe cti vo.:1Y .

l!...t;':"hc.sis wc..s

:pleced on tc.rb... t L l te ... li.:,unee for t;, ~ Ih,l1 CJ1 bc.s(:d fiftc.:..nth

52. FUl1ct:l.d:lL".1 ChLI't ,! n wlli ...<>:lcu ::;.:.;;tio::". 5 ;.PI 44 .

&.

J.ic.tlO~

S'.lbj; .r'wl ~tic;.nB of th..., orfiN of the jn.ro,.)ctor of I ntc lli Lc.nec

(J:-if..in.:. tii.1t. fro.:. tho.. office of t h<:.L Of I I "h>.lt not de-ted r.ost li~ l ... p:..ep(I~C:: to t.ecO'.:1;'£.~)Y t h ... 5 ;.pr 44 F\l."1ctioucl ChC'. rt)

·

,

FXl;lL.ix.ry Drcft No.1

By 24 Cctobur 1';44 , ei.rbor:1e

Iyn

I ntl.llli,;,onco. ~.lOIG s p..:, cific c.lly

'Y" . hc.cl. c:.(.vclop..:d in i::!port :..=lco so tb Lt

\.1. til CrC\7 sit;htin{,B ,

-;;t. s

it . t 08d tht..r

thl,. :::c.in source of i nfor.:".£. t1on rcg •.rding

the Cc:r.:.:..:n •..ir Force I"oce ti en 1;0 Q.G Op strcto6ic ponv trc.tion b)' t ho. ..l.l1od

~r for .~ctio~3 Cc ~si de rc.bl(.t

d ifficulty v.s

6ilcountered in thu colle-etion of this infor...:;.c.tion . die! no t -.!xcrcisc c: cco.trcli2int!,

rcsulted~

by

Genurc.l 14cDouc.l.d

cstebl1s!liZl~

Europe.: en

cn~

pr o ~osed

E6Cc.u.se

U~'T. J.o·

coorC::;lnL.ting c.utilOri ty

to r \;i,.x.:dy tho sitqctioll.

1..1 t b" D of I U..ll , ,:jtr!;.'t\..{"ic .ar Forces 1:1

(:~ncy CC S1 l:,ll,:. d

to .coorL.i nc. tt.;

t.lHl

control

trci ilirl£, end eXj.lo! t c tiO;l of. II);' intc.ll1l..
\' {.:3

t oo

policy I

l.ooth~r

t h... s hcrtc.bc

ot

55 The control of . ):.• by too ;J1 ()lc.l :s 5co tion do.::t......: :..1n .. d t !l....

erncll,;ncy CllQ ....xtCl.)t 01" COVE.l"c.e" c.ttc.in... c1.

This .;ondl tiOD

c ont1%luccl until 23 Jcnuc..ry 1945 ~·/he.::1 Ge!ll;..r=:l h:c Lcnc.!c :p:roclrdoed , 'Aic:.i!l tNDCllCu

OU ti t

Pv don.:; by the.: :Ji Ci"l.cls

5_c~ion.

proGuctio!"l ,:lUst bo con troll... Cl by In u 1li tt.!l.ec . '

54 ,

55 . ~f ,

...,Wlo

56

L t.J' ..subj, ~tc.tf :Jtl.ldy;-Th~ IA..: si:r .:-:'pi 11 t;; f-~-;;-rroposcd I:c !-,uty

COQ;"L'1
I'rc..,oscd C"l'f,c.l1izc.:tion , Er~b Gt.n G<.:or6'" G. ~lcLonc.ld t L or I t U~T.$ ,

t o Lt Go!"l Cr.r 1 .:Jpc.t:tz/ce U';Z...... 2/ thoru f,:c j Gc:. Fre d L. l.r.dt; r~on .

Di ce OJ .S , U~ ~"I . .F . ~ Cc ~ 4h

Ibid ,

.Mlnut4:.5 · ~<. &tillee of •.- 25 of .-_$ in Lu rope . 2,3 J on 45.

·1".11 :n:. t .. s, 1.~(;tin6s of ....- 25 of ....S· in !:.urop .... , ~3 ]'::.1 45

.,

.'. ..-

~ ~.

T(.;chniccl. Intclliecnc"" :w.C.ttLr5 pII.!!:.(;ntcd Gcnvr"l hlcDone:ld ~i th

:J.c:.jor issue i:1 his ccc.·•.,tie;n to G¢vc lop

Q

I .ttu ll1 ;...(;~lCe

I

I

~·.:...·.ericQ:l

0:1 c. \1.YJ.ifhc2 L ...d 1(:ss de:;..c;;nc16ilt besls .

15 Dt..Cc.L.:.t..;.r 1944, 'i\:.:ch.-ucc.l In tt:1li,,-l.;nc~ fl.L"lctions

I

.:..i;r

Until '·'"IO

being

pcrfor..x.d by both tt."" OJXl: ationd sut_s ..: cticn of tho Dircctorcta of I lltu lli c:.encc cn<1

•

t~1.;

LiIl.!ctor of ':i\.. chnlc~l 4t-rvic.. . s of the

':.ir· :3....rvicC! Co.:i..L.'1tl ,. u . s • .:jtrctCgic N.~ ]'orc,-s in JZuro,po:.: •

..' ~ £;uly (.s Ju.l¥ 1944t effort nLS :.:.r.'-" to

·.,bl 1~

i.).cor~orL tc

pc.rsoIlZll..=l for thL; propos..:a sub- s ... ctio:)

uoul~

57

into

Cc: obtLi:lCC

frO'"..l the Dl :I't;ctcrc.tc of T{,ch;....lcc!

~Ivic ... B I

(:o:ltinuc to po:.rforn til{'

J).;rtcini ng t ::t th... ":.:di ficC:.tio:l,

SUb- S .. CtiC:l

f\.U1C t10"~

thf;

1 Lt~r

v;culd .

trould provido tUt; lic.isoll Cl1
;..l~(g) of tho •.ir l!1n1s try . 58 ·~lth th~T .. ct'-''l1 cel

Co . ~.:c.nc;

!JcotiO:l opcI[:tin8 unc::cr the :;"'rv1(:0

, tt.\.. Lirl..ctoretu of

diff1coJlt) i n obtc1ni.laS. to its opc.:retio:l.

en 3C

I r.t(;lli &~uce

Cl.rtc.i ~l sp~cific ~,--ptc l..:.bLr

cuc ountcr\..d qC:lSiacrc.blc i ilfc I:'...:c.t1on :;:-ortinui:lt

l S!;4 ( confc re!lcc ,:ce ho l d

i n th.:.. orfico of til", Dclluty Co::t..C"h c.r for Operat1ons to consid<...r tho:: probl!.;;.:. Lncl t o G"tcr:.i:."J.':" so:.:_ ::Il.thoc. of co - oI'd1 nction

57.

Funct10;"11..1 Chc.rt ,In t...,lli t..I.. ~1 CC !.icC ti 0;. ,5 ~·~}.>r 45 &. In! . Cl.-OO . Bri l:. Gen LeorE,..... C. t l6r;c.ncld I L of I . U~";~oJ.i' I to/J.lcj Cen Fred L . ..'1&'r3Con/ ,C/CG (ips &: /Co l ~(c:u.:;th P... Li tt1n~/D !'flI.son~le l,

23 Jul 44. 58. I:lf L.tn:.D ,Dri e.

G...n lrt.;ort.... C . h:c~n{.lC: , D of I . U.i':>·"l':$ To I 1JC j Ge:', FI.,;d L.:•.nC:.• r sonJr,. CG CpS j & ICollw!'l."ll.th H.b tUillhl D 1~crsoa;lc l , 23 July 44.

I'relio1n::: ry Dro.ft No ... 1

b.... t:.ec..u tl'1C dilcctorc.tcs ... 59

0 :'

.

trLined p.. . rsotli!\,,;! i t

so thc.t II ot ~c r

lIe

~t

ri C5

Colone l H..G. b1,mk;::.r . Liroctor

i r.:.possitL t o divid,;; his or gc.n1ze tion

of it uoule r,:. ::.c.i:l in t he !)(.nrieo

COi:l~L"l.d

\:'hil..: t he

p£rt would fU,,' lction under t ho Dir.:. etol at Into lliE,Cnco .

\i C.S

I n t c.ct~

\"! 11lirle. 1 hO'iK:v ur , for th,;, T.:.:ctmiccl ,:J-;. etlor. to bGcoi-lO

Gen.... rel

i.n~c rsoil :rc~c.l'ii(.)Ci

oetter \',ith G<;m.rE':l K.Tl.... rr . St;rvice

tbu

p'oble~

es Ont.: of

.~r

CO;'::'..l£"'1"-1ne. Gc.nl.ll"c..! of thu

Cow~,d. c..:lCl c.rrhu ct c.;.1 (;c.rl;y d.... ei51o:l . 60

:pe rfor..:. Technicc:l I n toll1,;c.nco dUti £:B I this fu.:.,.ctlon b.c.d d1ninish~d

in ¥roportiou to tho i ncreased activity of purc1y

Thl,.. L;c.te ri ol CC i "-c.nc. he"dr,;.uc.rtcI B r..t ';.oiE,.ht

te c hnicc.l ;:;:.ette rs .

Flold bE.gc.a to use tta scction ca

of the ir' r6qulre:.:e!"l ts . thC:l lJc.-wriol COl.tr.:.t"nO; Cons ~q,uo n t~

I

f.

G1ract outlot for tho collection

E:r c.ttcchine; 5;.c ci c l1sts to t4u organi'Ul.tlon .

cssu::~e

conuol of

tll~ 'l·.... c ~"lj. col

Section.

thoJ i:.sp.... ctio:-. <=.;J.c! d... t cr....nnction of :1(.;',7 i ndus tricl.

Qovicl.' S faT ·,,!light ]'t old.

bc(H.:,(.. t l',l".

,Pri::lC function

Cc.nGrc..l. A..'"icrr Btc.tt.cl on 4 Nov£::.:.bc T 1944 tbc.t

. ~llY

Clr

tho s e ction.

t hou8ht thc.t

there hQl boon ob j.:. ction r.::..ised O!l tpt:,. ~.d :.ri.nis t rc.tio~ siGC t~;ard

59.

C ;::n f~re,-'O:':'h~ !d ·"~~1".\7iil6 ,

60,

1u Offi cc of !.Q.tiuty Co .:::.c..'"ider , 0pl;rotlo11!l ,

30 ticp 44

rbid.

----:-. !

Pre l.i ::d.n.: .ry DrLft No . 1 cre cting I n t e lli e,cnc c t ;::cili ti(.;s I hc.vc ao t t ht; peopl e

qu~lific.d

pers o!"I:lcl i3 qui t o cro;;.g..

c.;.rl

t o e.o t he I :1tc lligE:tc(;: ·..:ork.

I h!..vc conduct\;.{;. t h" 'i\.. c~....'1.iec.l insJ1o... cti o:1 a umot PC5S out t ho peopl e t o do

kno~

they

U'(;:

:1~t

~, '

61

No 50 1utiOil to the 'l\.: e lm! 0;)1 I t"; toll! ceneo 1 1.l.~cl1 c. t~ ly

•

effe c ted , yet th#.:

but I

I ."I't<J 1lit::.cnce job ,hen I

c.r~

quellfi..:e. to (10 i

hU~L105 $.

C:. c9.uls it1 o~1

i nt'cr-.2Ction (;.re ·.: i ncrr.c.sinsly i :..pc.·rtcnt .

of t his Q\

prct:lc: .~

"c.s

.s ~citic

9 Cc t ooo r 1944

Cenoral Wctonc.ld di 8pct c h,,, the f o llC\:1nti r.:.C. SSl!{.G t o GcI:.l(.: r c.l

of c.11

£01'"..-6

of · e:u::;:y unC:orstcutL1E"

I t is of e,.rcc.t e st i q:or tcnco t he t

his .c1l.:.s . his e c.p£;bil1 ti cs ,

o~r

tochnical deve l op-..Dn t

r e::.uin chc:e.G of ell f or viln C!<.:vc lop:..:(.m .t. ~ ;11I

be fout1,ht " iti:;, t ocor r O\7 'S H.C.POns ,

Th(; cers of t ooorron cn~

the IJ.r

f010(;S

l.""lust kllo-:: t he .... cc.po!"l!5 t hct c an be. U5(..d t.(;e1nst the:::'"

Com, r a l

MeLanc.ld 1:lclicated t:i:Ct pos t ,=,cr Inwll1(1!illCc would be, pri ;~).y .

u quuS tiO:l of t6ct.:liccl lnt o lli lJ,on c o .

Bo c E;:usO of t Us ,

he uXf,cd U.c t t h(; entire DiI'(;ctor c t o. of Technic,"l :.w IViccs be c ssi i!,1lcd to t h-;, I n tclli genc c: Di rcctorc.te .

·he ts

T;Or.ll

fu ,-,xpl cint::d I

•

t ho

t~,o

by this secti on ConG the. so_c elled dnel 1t;:sponsi bili ti ~ 5

c c.n:lo t c rest! t ut e c ronson i~'ily t<.:ch:J. lc ~l Lr.tc.lliWllCO s}-.culd

'. 61. !iiuut....s . w£'o tL~ ,wId.

~ Nov l..4 . CO::fClcncC Reo::. , PI c s eutc. tl on of Gl"&c.nizl.tio:l ~ti p(j rso~l.lo l R....quin... ..:.c!'.ts · of I:l.W1l1 e':;:lC.e , U~T.~ ~

---.. ... '

";~

,

0, ~

f'r~llmn l. ry Lrcft

by_ .... roduct tc i

ts~ l.!

\;ork.

lih9

~o
r:o .. 1

of t-. Boetio:'! t ilc:t is te:kint ullon

tho rcsj-orlsi!::1li ty for this

~ t1Po rtc.nt

1nto 111 e,o:'1ce

In ot:h.. r \":orcs . I lIrC"poso to unscrcbblc , \:-!u.t nO";:'

·c.p:pe::rs to

~

en urwCcu ssc..ry .a::dUl " of

in ta lli~e :1CC . L 1C ~d1f1crotio:l

0:1(, •...,

of ov.r on1 U.,:.,.

air tcchnlcc.l l.;ir

.Forco

cqu1;:ce:'!t . '1

•

On 4 Nove...ber 1 944

G.!::'K,rc.l . ~r t l.tz

Di r v ctorc. to of I n t..:.llli;,.. . ;lCO riou..!C: be

c!ecidce t hc.t too

~s pons1 bi\..

GGnc rel 1 s decisio;1·WBS t ho.t 'Th(..rt.. \·. 111 no t be

tor all

t~·; o

cg,c:lcic:J

of this ac:clqucr .:crs r o!.:1ng orOU!li: J.:ourop;: \1I'1L.er s t!pu c. to

Intelli t,&:Jce is ..,1 l :.ltu lli bOIlCC f!mction .

.-

The oporction ~ll

hLve to be. ·tl (..cl in such c.

'fiE:y

OBC~cic s

trG'Ccl n{!. on I,,:cc h otb.::r 's toc.s all

gOi :l r. . LJound

1::;'lcl.

over t he fr..ctu of J:ourop·... . u 63

t l~C:t

t h..:. r es is no CUlllico.tio:l of

In !<;c.eplnc.. tith this de cision , tte

or8,anizc.tion , per sonasl a..a . . . Q;.llv:~i,.:nt of 'i"... chnicc..l Illtullisonco f;['.S

trClls fo r:..{;d fr o:.: t h.., Lircctor of T... chni ccl .sc l viec s to tho

,,

Dira ctor of I n t<Jllit.;u.1OO 0:1. 15 ~ec~bur 1 944. 04

62 . 1-';(;00 , oJubj: RI;;Or~ e;1.izLt10:1 ot .t1~~ c !:.:..:1~ !:. 1 I ntc llili;.o:lco .I\:.rsonnel & F :~ i11ti "' 5, Eri E Gc!l. ~or l:.V C. b1er:.on::.ld , IJ Of I. U~T~~' I 1C' l1c.j C'.ui.'!. F:.... . . . c: L ... .ni..:..rso:l , D/CG Ops ,U~T~2 . 9 Oc t 44 . 63 . l.t.Gt:- :1 Cer l !,jpc:r.tz/C C 1 U~T__$/ i:~ "i·.!inu ks J:lc:.t'l t1ne Ho~d 4 Novc:...lbE; r 1 941. Conf,-!c~i.CO Roo _.. for Pr... SIJ;1 tc. t10~ of' Cr&.r.:ll 'Zc ti on & Pt.;rson~1el Roq utr~::.:Lt.'l t:s of I ;'ltc. lll ~(.nc(.! , ;J~:';Ti3 . 64 . Ltr, t.xj Gt:.. :-:. Fr(id. .J.·ld~ rson Lice 0115, U:3S'i'•.ii' to D/CG ..:.d..oin, US:"''T:.F , 14 :COo 44,

+•.

_0-..

";. 0

In t ho:;. co11L!ctio:l of

u.s. Strc.tegic

~cl'mica.l

Forc ... s in l!.uropc s \,. ctiO:l f;orkJ.;c:. i n close

~.J.r

hcr...::.ony lOi th t ho British i:.h,,,,,:&lch.s . \':or ~ h~C:

c.ssi{!!lt.:d to tius ;.].2 (g) "cctiO); _

E.bcnci~s

!Jost of the ..";:lC riC o,n office r s

t een tru.r;.dl 1n the

In rC bord to

ca~tur l:; rl

i~ r

Wi"istry's

Gcr:.m..""l oquip!..;.c:lt . the

tht. first ita.:. t....'lG. t h·,,) s "" conc. ',;I,)u t to t he U::liteG.

This crrClf,Q ,..£llt

DtCt...:.s .

Stctes,

i6

%'I:.coiv~C:

Er1tl.sn

Pn:li::ancry trc.ft No.1 I ntu ll~e!lee tho

~:e..s

sLtisf Clctory

b~ccusc

of th..:. lim tee:.

hee! full cc ccs s to t !l(: Bri tiS3 fi ndi ngs l'i i11eh here

rOE.dily evailcbh: kcc:us.:. of tll.:.. r.CCl!ltSS of their leborc.torica to tho bc.ttlcfiule~

66

The l ock of

quilli'1~ c.

pursor':'lc l provio(:c,

c.r~

obsu.cla to the

the oriel'oel steff consist",d of t"ch:1icicJl8, thoy y,o:r ..:: not

profici';:' :'l t fro... 0

o,",ercll tqt:,(.t "l.c.lu:...tion lIo1nt of vic;og ent ,

CO:'l5cquontly', tl.oy r.(J rc q,uc.lifio..:c. o:11y to ;.:..c..ku spot insp3cti ons cue t untativc reports . officer.s

'l~l"\.I

In ord... r to offset this

dof1ch:!lcy ~

torro\7uo frQ . J. a:.x.ci (.11 uC: crgc....'ll.'Zl'.ti 0;'19 such es

t oo O(.f1ee of !;Scientific F...1s",crch Lcvolopa:.nt (l'udar toch!l1cic..ns) . Ordnc:"icc IJ.vision

e!lc/;

Sic,;.lc.ls

SCCtiO;l .

67

By t he: ,.m d of 1 944 the U.D. ::,trcu.g1c ~J.r for ces ~n liuropo's In'tclliC'-"ilCC. s,",c t1 en tE.d c.~s1L ..L; d 1 ts prop,s

TEiSPO:1Si bi l~ ty for

Col E. 'I. 5rc.Cil""y, •..s:s t p ot I I U:";::JT.,ii· , Mj,nut...:s of .~-28 of ~'¥ i~1 ~urc" l... , 23 Jc.!l 45'-

IbiC:

Ibi C:

X , .-I

' f"'

l'r<;Ur-.incry Dr£.ft No.1 riCS

coorai nE.:tc~

throul;1h t hc Co::1bi nt: a I nto ll.1 se:lce ObjGctiv(js

lJcDoncld \7CS c.PlXli n t ocl to rcprcsc
j~sSiStU1t

Chi ef of

tho 1.ir Gtcff on t h(, CICC , c.!ld c.s U. S . strctasic 4·.;ir Force i n .Euro~ ' 8

UH.'aEF

IJin.. ctor cf I nu lli t:t!:lce he .....2.5

nc .

'I1le purpose of t h... CICC

priori t y to re ques ts for t(.:chniccl c..'-ld t ho

nc

11[.;5

Q

ncnl;:cr of t he

t o ossi e,.'l propur

int(; llll!...:::nc~

c utbori. zod the tcc!m1ccl

i nv() sti gatlons.

i:lt.;lli ~eu c (..

. t....a:..:..s to

pcrto+t:t t he i r duti e s undet ttl.:. LSsie.:1cQ priori tic s. 0:10 of the

~.I\){.tc5t

68

hcncli ccps i n t he proC=ucti on of

Te chnic a l I n"tt:: lli bQ:lCC ... t.s t ho loot;t.;'"lb of cc..p tu:rcd cqui JDUD t

by bot h ofticqrs w.o. GnliBt~~ I-lcn , 69

Tbfl

•

1nf"ol"'-,,: t1on

~".Ieed

for

sPc oi cl1z..;c:.

Co

c O~lc ....r.ling

~roup

to

ooll ~ ct

(ud f:; v C14c1;e

t ho cnc..:.yls r edio c:\d Tede r mds

"/CoS

detcr-....Jincd by disOUBSio:.l.S t.ct\iOO!:l t !hl Dlroctors of Operations

1t

';"O ~

rcco:.r.:e :.lclt.cl th£.t such e f..TOup l:t: os t c.bl1sh.::d i n tho

Directorate 0.1' I nte lll tcnce, ~ly2.C

The nCi: s.;.;ction

'WeB

t o coll.:ct .

C!lU di at ributo a~ l i ntor.__cti oll concc rni!"le the

8OCI"".yts

deJ.cns ivlil' e...'lc! offe.i.sivc LHilicc.tion of redio , r c.tic.r c~d rt.dio 68. hlCi::.o 1:Jl,I.b j : fct.:or£:Clu 2.c.ti c;:-' o'f .J. r T l; o ll:li ct.l I n telli ....Bnca Felsonutll t;. Fccilith. s , Eri c Gt:>l (.eorg C, UCDollll l d , D of I

U$T;Jo' , to Llc.. j Gun Fre d L •• ;d.. . r:H:'H , fJ/CG Cps, UWT4~ . 9 oct J..; ~'1' .h ~ley , ~.3s t D of I , U~""'l' . yt M1.nu t<:s . 1.lcc. tin i:.,s

69. Col

of Jo-2s of

~.;.:F

1:.

Euro~ ,

.

23

.. . . .

.

JC.l)

t.:.5 •

44

Pre1Llinm-y Drd't No . 1 Of n ... 0.. ) 5s1 ty tr.(. 5O,etten \':ould be r&l;Jpoosi blD

CowltorrJ,:;c.suro s. for the

,

invcs1;i~ c. tioll

of th", ... ff6CtiVCl.lOSS of alliod counter..:.cC5ures

cn~ the recctlon of the oncc:y to t host. COUll.tar~ c.surcs . 70

!

--

On 13 July 1,44 Co l on... l

.L.1fr<Jd R.H:;:.xr:ell r e: ca.:::.:nndo d thc.t the

Elcctronic§ In1;(;l1i&6nco D(:ction b(; Gstotlish(:ld i rJ.:eclle:to ly by .::cq'Jiri~ ni li tcry VC1SOrulOl fro~~ tbo ~a~Ql sc;ction c.od

•

civlli cn p~rsorul~l fro u tl:", .t.lvisory Spc cl .c.list Group. 71 Pl crul1n~

for t bt;. l!.lec .t rolllos Oc:.ction

3 Scpto:.:.be r 1944

the su;:,::x r, hut not \Otti

eD:1ounce:.:ent of the. n....\... or€ , &!lizLtion

chLree~ to it. 72

of O;'e:rc.tio>ls t he Uni kG Gtctee ForcoJs

~n

t here cpo

,,0.5

t he Europcc.o Thoctex

~e&c.,., £

of colluctlnt; , (jve.lucti;\e. . as_o::::bli1l6 C".!lG

•

during

r.nd th6 rcs..,ons1 hili ti(.s

For the first Uno

pcrtdninl:, to the c::!ploy~::t

c cn tin~ed

sc1t::ntifie pr08Tco

distrtt)l,~t1ng

1n for.:..ction

ot ene;:y cltJctronic dovices . 73

Tllcse i n clu.Cdd (:or':'.,u;lic c. t1 cn ods, r {.dio ;;..l1d racer equip::lcnt eoploy~d dir~ ctly

c1rcreft

~lrc,

or incide n tall y to the control of ooti

reid Teporti n~ and c03trol of fi ~~ tcrs , con trol

of nUv. ".1\!cpon oporc:tion. losults of Oni toe: Stc:iA.s ;,ruy

Lir Forces

70. 71.

coun ~er _ el1,.:ctTonlc

C:ids c..nd t ho cnQ:=\Y reaction (.lld

Ltr, Subj : EloctroQics Llt.olli,;o:lcIJ ~ea1iiO~l l Col . George J'. Dixon , · :)1 b 0 , UJST..·.F , to L of Cps , ~'i';..F, 29 JUil 44, . In! :::euo , Col 14fI'cd R. iJrX'o:cll, L of Ops . U~.....·' t to £1'i 8 CLn G<..or t,•.: C. L:cLonE.l d t L of I , l,;~".F , l~ Ju1 1.4

Ltr I !..iub J : ]:.1.... 0 trolli cs :::l tc11+~c:lcC tlu.b~.,ction, D/I US3T..3,1 Lt Crl..n CC.l'l 5;>. dz/, CG U':'S'I'.~ I t o Lt GeJl. JC!~8 H. Doo H ttlc / CG I 8 JJ . AJc j Gen Hoyt S. Vc;udonv ,a r f/ I CG 9 l..r , fllej Gem NCt;lUU F ~ T\: in1ueJ CO 15 ~.F, 3 oS£p 44,.

73. Subjl

Fropo~d fC-orgc.Q1zc:UOil of :':'l " ctronics Iq tcll1gonee 3ub~e ctio!... .ltL j ~.ilUl:l.:J Cf J30ese t i~3t to Ii of I , ~o

...,..,.....

loon Ge orge C. hiCDQnr.lCi . L of I , USST.:t1. 9 Oct ....:..

.

~-..-

,.,

, '~'

h4

aris

l'r\::li:-.rl.nc.ry DrLft

I.lffoctive:105S of r :::.dio

i/CS obtcinod f r Oi.:

th~

COWl to r..::eE.SllrE;: s .

74

t~o ~ :J,

k£cin , c.ssiste...'lce

Erl Ush flho hod been c.e:v... loping such

en orgar,ize.tion for over five:: ;yuc:l"s. 75 .

Illfor :~tio!l \",'Ca obte incd

fror. cnf.1}si s of i Dvqstigctioncl fl1 sh ts of t :.e:: Uni tee Stc.tes •..ir Forces ;: the Boyal J.irc aft Estcbl1sh:".xillt , (Sc), ~~ 1. (4) and lOath Group . olectronic u-ctics c.oquiroci

t.roo

fleB

1'. 2(g) .. ":".D. I .

~ .. cohere nt pictuI'C of tbo enet;y's

cotti l'lod 'toy correlc.t1D& the infor..£tion

th03C sources . 76

Sbortl) c.fter t he

~ec t~on

t t,c:t

Q. porSO:l~l,c+ 1~lc::e n t

oo~.D1

tlli\Cnts i n

p1 unllIl(S of

. 'h

Wc.s or6oni zed.! t oocor.:c cpperent

l>1C.S n(.ces6ory to hc.ndlc t he lincrei.sed

qperc.tion{,:~ ol~ctro~.1cs iote.l..ll ~nce

pos t _h05t~li ti ~ s

c-'1d in tl"£

exp10i ~ation of eoeqf radio [Uld

rader v.' or k . II 77 The sp..eific cluties of t bG El e ctronics I n ~ ;l. ,J.i£e "l. ee sub... seetian i noludod,

Co l le c tiDS, :eoJUicli dt:tiog and · dl~sethinotinS. ·w_ ~ intallit.cncc t o sub ordinctl3 uni ta . 2) SupurvisinG ttl(;. re:dio 1nv~sti l;.c:. tloncl end clr10rnc intercept ~ro~r r:c. of £.E.tJneit.l8 o)4rr tint. U!lcklr U. S.3trc. taBle ~r Forces in Luropt.: . 3) ':..' 1ti;) Z(;; tmCl interlJrct d;: tu obtL.in",d by invCistigotione.l equi~;:..:.ant ppcrtt..;Q by U. O. StrE.t~&.1c .J.r B'orcil5 in .t:.urope's oream zctione. . . 4) Stucly ,-uo corrc l ctc; ~ rti ncn t dc.tc fro.. prisoners of ,:£I r c.nd photo inti::rpr\.ltcticn sourCi,;$. 1)

el\;ct~,nic

74. Ltr. Subj: :E.loctronics :ntull1t...... not. ~ub,.{lcction , D/I U~.>F, .1 / L t Gc::l CLr-l OpLC.t-Z/. CG U~T~.i , to / It ~r. Jc.r..es H. Doolittlc/ . CG 8 .J , /utc.j ~n noyt ~.Vc.c.dcnbore/,CG 9;JF &: / lJoJ Cen Nc.thcn .F-r 'r\·,inine/ ICG 15 i$ I .3 Sc~ 44 75. MarX) , ~ub j: rropoe... d :RG-or~(.:.n1 zc. tion of Eli.: c tronics I ntcllio... nce Sub-OJ(lc tion , i,ic.j ·,;illit..l C. :cO(;SU , Met to D of 1/ Bri g Cen Ceoroc C•.r.~Donctld ,L of I , U!3$TJ.$ 9 Oct 44 . 76. Ltr, Subj, Llactronics In~u11i£~ncc ~ction, Cpl George p . D1xon , ••" ••. :" u~~r;· .F . toft-.le. j Gan Fred l.... ••ndors?n/ ,D/CG OpoS U~i';: I of Electronics IntolligenC6 , •.sst to I; of I I USJT':.F I to

I .

U!J,C'l'~·S I

9 Oe t 44

rTl:.li ::-. i:u:.ry Vrcft No .1

5)

proper" ..,c.. riodic .:.nd 3P<1cic.l reyorts O,,'l CUITent

stctus of Intclli LC3ce on Gne~ electr onic ~ttcrs. 6) su~~ t, in cvll~bor~tlon " ith the Slenul Coo_

:.1Ul1icctionl;! OfficC.T •. to the L of Cps . r eoc::ccrnctio[ls

purta1~1n~ to th~ cdoption of r edia countor_~csur~s . 7) ft:prcsCJu t t llc Ccr.::::.c..'''Hi.i ne Ci<.~'l<. rLl on 1...1ecctronic in tcllibCl r,Ctl :::oc. t to: IS I Barvi;!.;. c.:; £; ce n trLl cl ~c.rl n& bouse

wd coordiilLtl n6 u.8(l~cy on ell suc h BLtters. 78 Fhoto Ft.::cO;'1t1c!s~Qnce end. I ntl...llJbcnca

Fll,oto InterprctE:.tion b£.d p!aYGd c.. QC. jor PE.rt i n .-..ir Fol'Co

oper£:tlont.l c.otlvlt,:,
~C.:.il>.st

thtl c.noq' .

The rhCJ.to

Intollit.e:1 ce suc._eectlon ce:m ... d over

thota Interprot c. ti 0:1. sub,,:sl;lc tic.) idr Forces in U.K.

I

freL

E.pd cOl.::Ci nv d 'd t h

~h(.:

Re conntiB~~ce

functions -ot tho

• .-2 I H6(.~CJ.\.I.Lrt or 3 th~~e

U,O. ; •.,.-."'lY

t ho sup... rv1sion one.

direc ti on of 1. hotOc.fqhic r ... conntiss(.. :'lC~ :;.cl1cies . 79 The interpr& tation of

(:<~ rlcl

reeonntis!l C4"'lCI:. and 'bo:.lb strike

photoercphs tor terSGt i nforcc.t1c.n c...."ld cO:..lbct cre" tricf1ng ::::£.te,r1 c l; tb... ch,-,cki::le, of (..u(.l:..:l,Y tirfi(.lld cct1vity, ehippiQ$ . troop !:lovemnts,

ground de fen se 1nstdlc.t1o:.s. drcrcft

disl-o~1 t10D (;~

yroducticDj

'~'"

ond the osses$.,.(;nt of 'bol'4b I n tc1lie,enoc . So

d Oi..~c.~('.. ' :Cr.)

Ta1s dl;:pu,t ::ant e lso

f.1l fw.:9tio ne of ]?ho to pI~pucd

pictot1cl repr", ,:sc n t

ctio ns of t M f'tj,:;;ults of cir op
Bo. Ibid

1.7il

t~l.1O I t!L j Gt:.n FNd. 1, ... . u:!e:. son, tCG/Ops I U:J;..jT:~ I t o Brig Gen CuOTb£ C.LcLonc.lo , D/I, U ::..s'I~.io" " 6 i~pri 1 44

81 • .lnt

Fr~ li ::li:-.cry

By Jt.nU{,ry of · ·th£..t

fl

19~4

Col9nt:: 1 Elliott Rooseve lt

Rcconnti sso').1ce Ste ff

pro1;cc t the intvl\..sts of

n .. :

Scc~lon be

Drd't No. 1

recCT.,1::..c~1ded

crc;:.ted Co,.d c8si 6!lGd to

Rccoi.mc..i asc;'1c\: uni ts ctkchvd to

t he vcrious Qr f orces e.n.cl to coordin,-tc. t he ef:..orts of these

lini ts. 82

~s

point

\ . i.... &

"lsc

brou~t

Jc..r:~s

out by Coloucl

G.. H41 t

Chi e f of )roCOo:1eisscacc Bronch I Hq J'tI'~.y J·.ir Forces , in ~·.pril 1944,

nben

t

€ : tt Gr c. visi t to "(;ho EuropC:CJ1 Th(;ll.tc r to investis£.tc tbe

Eti:lployr..lt:nt £..tId orgc.nizc.tior'l of r.eccnnLisswce units , he cbsj,., r ved ,

'There ore so ccny bec.6quuters i:l t his tbl:H".I Wer

\~ b1c b

c..re dependent

upon the s ::30ot b fml ct+oni ng of rt.: c onnc..1ese:oce fLCiUti .:. s C.VtilClblo to t h"" itri.; Forcj,.,s that t here is aoed for

Co

s lAJ ?i.::l Rcconn'lissonco

Sc..otion on your steff , hcc.de
R...oO::l~Q.ssc.nco,

\iho ca.'"). co rr&lcto c.nd coorciinctCJ c. ll of t ht.. Rljcc'!1ncisscnce l't:qu1I'Q ,;.en ~s

•

1'.1. thill thl;.. 'l'hecwr , c;ld ... stc.blhh chcnue h

for

operLtins procedurE.- . c.lld odvis,", . "{".l ·t h ¥our Lire ctor of Opcrr:tioll,s t.nd Li reetor of I n t c.: lli e,(;ncc, on t i-•.: Ldc <;,u c.cy of tho fc.d.liti c s

C:.vcilcbk to

tru 'subord~ :lC:te

...4r

~:OIC .... S of your c Ot~d . ' 83

No S"llch m.:roctcrcte -;:r:.s deoucd nocc5s£. r y ln U. :3.

:Jtr~tesic

~p v~ ~h1 n

the

;.j.r FOl"c.l.=s . hO""7t:ver , but c t1~ctorc. tu

;roconnc,issO!lcc policie s

' of

LS I'tI

I n tolli e6 ~l C O

cC.rtJ.5

t be

Hce.~qu"rtc;· Ts

sub _ s~ction

,,[.,s Bot

to cen trol photo&)",ephic

ltlc o~m uiss£' li. ~O

unt ts

unCier

82. Ltr Col Elliott 11ooscvelt . 0.0 . 50th ReCO:l '.•ine . ~o CG US.3T.i~\ ~8 Jall

44.

83. Mooo ,Col J c;-;;.,; s C, tel l. Hq ;...z$ I t o UD.:3'i'n:i." I 8 ~·.'pr 1 ';44,

fLt

Con Ccrl, 3P£et!.TeG ,

u.s::rr:.oF,

Q"l.C

to };crfo I'r."J Fho t o

I'reli! .1 o( l")' Drc ft No . 1

functi ons .

I ntoll~eence

F,,¥cho1 oE i cc1 -.I(l.rfElrc I n te llh.e n ce

ru IG u

rc h

1941. a u . s . ntrcteGic :.1r

FOIC tl S I Fsycho1og1cal

""arf £.rc. s u ction hc.d bown cliItc.blishc d u.'1.C:('; x t hu ~iI ", ct or of

Int~ili&cilccB4 ·"c.rrue

"teo

c.e.~n oios

pI'ovi ~e could

an 4,enc), throueh r.hi ch thE: Fsyeholog1ca1

l"iOr"~ E.!ld

c oordi n£.to U.U. at r t.t... gic .»ir

Forc~ s in Europe resourws dth t be ir l"lbtlc 5. B5

Thw r vsponsibiliti tl 6

of thu orgnrJ.zc.t1on ...."" J'\. • t o t.:.ctivcte end coorainctc ticrf e.re 'iii t h

I .~~hc r. l om~ r ,

pS yc~o+.o!ic(;l

nci e,htori ne o.ne:. i.llh·d 4chc.l.ons .

Its duc..l purposu is "to c1es troj t hlJ .. nc=...:y l s \1111 t o r ... sist a;.d

t o fortify For

~he bo~s of pcopl~ a of occupi ~ d countri ~ s •• 86

coo~1nc.t io n

l-urpos,-, s f.'Ockly U.[i . St r ctu (J.c

:~ir

Forces 1n Europe's

.'

p&ychol oeicc.l w<:..rf£.rEI rxotines ·wc~ bu ld. 67 end Npreacnt c.ti ves

troo u.i; • .:Jt r CltCI(J.c iJ.r Fo;rcos i n Europe pt'.rti c~pC:. W d ~n oee ti nss m~ c.oni'u r er.cca slXlnsor... o by oth.:.r intor",stcd cgenci(!s . 68

.

Prison0 Y' of ·" or a.nd ESCllpeC I nte l l1 henee ~

intorrog(l. ~i on

(;nd rt:: hebili t ~ tion of U. E.i . :3 tr f. tr...i.ic •.irForce s in

Luroyo·:; pt:rsonnol xe tu,rll... d trO!:-. j..rison... r of ...·cr and c4 ssi ng i n c..ction 5tCtuS. d~stributcd

InforuE.t i on obttoi ;i.;.d fr o:; th() ruturnces \;OS

to t hf: nppr c;.pri c,ttJ .; J.r

O.old

Gr ound Forc 5 .

j'rcr..l tiIJ(;

JJeco ,Dri£. Cen ~O l"·bl; C.l.!ctol)clC:: . D of I, U~T...F I t o Lh Gon Cal :Jpcctz/ CO U~"'I·..·J:' I 20 lie y 44 . 85. Report o f s~~ho1o~ic~1 .. cz fu:u 1!Uc tin&. ·12 ;~r 44 c.tteilded by r",p r~ s o ll t ~ ti v.... s fro:.:. U!JS';.....? I • .:. r hli ",i a tr)' , ;.d::J.rc.l ty I Psycbolobi ccl. :,e;rfc.ra :Gocre: &. t t;(; Offic e ot: '..u Inf or ::.c tl oD. . 86. Ham ,~nb j l .Jul;.ction s of the Lirc. ct or ot I n t elli gence . 87. Report o f l 's :, cho l oeJ cc.l ·"crfc:+c Z. ilc ti u F;. 12 ~\gr 44 88, AIeoo , · uubj , Ust"of }t!..;c t1 :l,£s ,I:.ri g Ocn · ~o rGC= C. McDon tdd . D of I t U3.STI~ t o D c fOps , U~'I"~ I 1 ; .Ub 44

:...: 7

PNli ::-dnc.ry tr c.f t No . 1 to th:c r o turr.,.e:as ·.;·" rL

p rovi~ (,:d

fer t.o th the JJ.l' Forc... s £....'1d t he

Grounc. Forc(.;,9 to gi v(. ins ·t ruc tion i n c:scq,Q c.nd Evc.sio:) prccecure:s. 89

I'Q,st Hostiliti ... s Iuto111.1<.cncc Incrces1na c:"yllC.sis nCS p1.cced on rost Hostili tics r..:.etters durins th-.; lc.ttl:r p.::l t of 1544 .

In o3;d£lr to devclop th6

I ntellib6:lcC n(JolJssGry for the.. Di r<.l ctor Eot c of Fost Hostil1 ti bs

•

Plrumi ng . tho U•.::: . Gr·oup G. C., :3.P.:U JlO e nd the CIro I 1 t ,,,£8 recou::.E:n d...d thc.t a Fost i-:Ost,.Uties ·Intc.lll &,£mco section be octivotlJ d ':\1thin t ho Di:roctc.rc:.te of ! n t c lli(,cncc .

Th(.pursonnol

for t his s c: otion ·.:-culG be

¢x~r1~nce

Tur se t. O"veH:. ti onc.l ,

sel(.; c tc~

~ ch.:"ll

on th... · -Cosis of

ct.l , El..,c:tronic

I

in

LUG Counter l ntc IHe.cn co

!lIld fhotob.rf. pl-.J.c Fi.ocOnr.c.isse.:.lce. 9 I.. The scope of :rest nostll1 tics

the

D1r~ctor

of

!ntc l l1 ~~!~ ce

re quire i.~nt s

the:.t concerned

r.e.SI

1. Thl.> furnish1ne of . lnte ll1 b(;rlc(' require d by U.ti.Utrd... g1c -'.J..r FO.t C ~D i ll Lurope I S IJirectorott.s . subordir.. c.t a c a.::.l..r.C:s cllci cir COi.lpon... :il.t of t pe U .::;~ Group CC for ;:ost HoBt:Ll1 ti <..: s plUI!11ns , · i uclurl i llg t oo QSse!.wly c.nrl uUn tunc.nco of cc.:1;.:rO!l.(.;l1Si vc.. fi l as (.!1c1 rl!cord~ \11 tb r·",s}:..., ct to ell pht.s ()s the Gf;!r.!C.:l idr F OI ·C O t o 1nsu.ro LY E1!. lllbili t~ ci' ~ll l"-' rti nu.lt i nfor..•dion dur~n t... the Tri p c.r ti to :a..-.. .tioo . 2 . Th~ · ¥r~p[rt.tio~ of Intc~l i LC~ c ~ ~i~ctives to suborl;a nL t~ unt t~ I ~b..:; .su~ .. rvis1on c::.C3 noni tori nf, of SPuc!Ll pr o j...cts. c..:H.. steff stuC:il..:s c.nrl· lidson "R1 th i nte r e sted c.~cn cios ·.

or

89. FU:lct1 oncl Cb.~rt\ I iltc; lli bc~1co 3... ctic,·" 5 ,,;.pr 44 90. l u! ;~,"I:.c l /EriC:. Gcn C<.o:r.f:u C.!!: tcnclc.::/ u of I, U.:.,sT:..? t o / Brig Ge:1 td.·: c.rd l"". Curt is / C/;;, C•.Zl':.F end / J,!c. j Gc:.l Fred. L. J..'1c.;.;.rs0".1/ !)/ CG Cps! t:.:..IDT.".t' , 2., ~p 44

}>roJli::linc.ry Drc.ft No.1 Thl:. r1c,.nilins, coordim_tioll C:.""!d i t:.pl eoon t ctipn of t he exploi t£.tion of intrJllig,:1cc ot;j~cti 'J;:! S i n .-hi ch t he U.O • •.I"'...1Y ,..~r . t'crc.::. s is 1 nt.:.r",;s t vd 1n Ger ~.l£OY end Gcr-.....r.n_ccc upi l..d terri tori(.:s . 4. Tho.,; col lecti on , SC1'o:.:6uillb , r(;j:rcd:.l cti on end Cii:ssc:.:..inc.tio.l of t.ll i ::l;:vrtt.r.t Gccu~:;ts captur<..d i n teo fiuld to i nsure t iH. il- {V E-i lc.t.i11 tJ for l ::.;o.;di£.to tlxploi tr..Ucn or lon b ~r c.;.!"i{;.u st~dy . 5. "The sp _ciu i nt~ 111 b_ nc CJ ! nv~st i !€ .c.tion of t i:!e Gc~:c.u .. .ir i -oretl in conjunction r;i t l:: other sttiff

3.

sectlo~-..s.

6~ Tho pro\'isioi.1 of the necc ssery oIga.;.rlz(;tio:l c.. . 1d trcin.:..d pers o:"l!lOl to C61 ry o'"'t tho rcs:.;ronsl hili ti_s c!urin~ the:. SH.~ pc-ricc:1. 91

'l'ht: coll~ctlon ~d <..vc.lu, tiOl~ of fes t !ios tili til..S i ntc 1l1&ence r (;quj.red liaison

<:.n4

cocrca ll~_ tie~

Centre), Cou..t"J.cil L-:t.l1tuy ;;C ction

\d tll tllc Lir coo .. oIJ-l..nt of the:: (~rit1sh) , U . :3 .

Group

ce . . " .ir

hii n1stry In tc.lll t:::.e110e Dl1'-C tort.t e$ I i..l, r I n t ... lliLe:"lce CO_:lpon.::n t of 0-2,

~H..~J.'

\j/~rt'.c.r~

Id vis1.on I Sri Ush Qd F;Ussic!l In t\;lli e 6nc'3. cor,:p0:1u:1ts of

the Tripn: titr;;

c~cn¢k s .

(iJ.r

~t cft)

GoV(i:rn~:1t

I

Offict> of otrotoe;.1c 5.....rvico$ I Ecooo-.:.ic

of Ccr:::.cny , end '-11 i u tcrl:swd

h!~·i".F

92

Qriei"nolly tnt. U.o . EC......lhin& hZi ssion ~:"(:S ros~onsi bl0 tor

the Pl c.nnl ut=, f
I(;SJjOllSi bi 11

1n l..UIOpe .

J.oS

of 12 Cctober 19U

t;,: ';'- ....5 ::.ssu:._:...:d by U. ::). Gi r t. tCi:..1 c :.1 r

FOIC~S

The c.ssU:-.....ipti oll of this fu."'lcticn r..;q·...urcc1 p !CJmi nl,.

for t h . . . evo.,;ntucl. co,...:.:prchi..:1si vc i nvo.,;stil,:l:.tions of t h ... GeTi_'!.n 91 . Ltr, ;;"ubj: :;tcIr ;,;tudy: Th,.; l c sirE"_bil1ty CO...z.r...-lt;t,;r f or ~·.iI· I nuUii......,~1cc :.........:rvic... s. ' r 6£.::1izc.tio~, Eri ~ Q.::n Gcor;:,cC_LicDcncld. to Lt Cc;"l. Cnl ~.p (o tz. / CG U;j;...: -::.;?/ t hru ~·.:1c1(jrsc.n. ~/CG Cps. USS'I·.Ji' . 24 Dc t 44.

92. IUd.

£or c f r oposdd Do;outy Ur...::.T•.F cud t ho I)'oposr...:d P of I . U:::S3l''-.F .

IM.. .f Ocl)

Fr~'

l.

Fr<;limnu-y Lrc.i"t No . 1 II Lir CO:..l!.Iu:-:.ic ,- tion systcr.:sl ol... ctroni cs, perso:lll(;l systc;..i , personne l CCS\.lL! ty losse s .

fit;i.tcr I c.~l.d

L ttri

G.rJ. ti - shippine"

ticn, cp...rc.ticncl dctc. illCluc:hnS boc t.::r f r oconnd ssanc(;

I

photogr<:.phic. trc.ns}:.ort

t rcl:li n8 , cv i Ltic.!l (.l1d l.:...dicL:l i nfcr.r.:e.ti oil , OrtmF'...ilc e ,

TnL> Post Hos Uli ths I :1 tc.lli(::,t:::l)Ct. .re:S-E..erch 11 brClTY \";(.6

13$te.blished

~o

PTOvide

6. c~ntrL l

source of' Gl1 (.veilE.ble GGr.::.a;l

II t ray.

9.3 . l~r, ;:'utjl :;tU't .stuC::n Ttto Ix.sirE.bili ty tc.r D l'Topos..:.d tcputy COinau!(;I' f or ,..ir In tcllit..t:!1cl.. ~ ... rvic... s I U~TII,F, Uld 1ob<.l Prcposcc1 Crc..c .'-iz ~. tiC' :l. , lrii:., CA.n ~o:rt,e C ~ ;'lcLonL.:.ld I D of I, Uo:JT:.F, to Lt Gt:;n Cc..rl ~pC. Ctz/ CG U:':;';:;;F/ tbru J.!Gj C.:ll Fred L . i.m:.rson , Ii/CO CJ:os , U~T._ I 24 Oct 44. 94. Col H D.;Jti,;, lC:c.~) . ~.;,.r1:odlc I nt..::l,l ic:.oncc ~iOl t Ho. 1. ';.7 Oct .44 .

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