Two manuscripts of the Greek psalter in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin (Anelecta biblica)

ANALECTA

BIBLICA

INVESTIGA TIONES SCIENTIFlCAE

RES BIBLICAS

ALBER

PIETERSMA Ph. D.

Department Near Eastern Studies University Toronto

77

cooperation with

CHESTER

LIBRAR

TWO MANUSCRIPTS OF GREEK PSALTER

DUBLIN CHESTER

LIBRAR

D

Edited with Textual·critical Analysis and with Full Facsimile

TWO MANUSCRIPTS OF GREEK PSALTER

ROMAE INSTITUTO BIBLICO 1978

ROME BIBLICAL INSTITUTE PRESS 1978

Bryan

Kevin Larisa

© Iura editionis et versionis reservantur

PRINTED

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TYPIS PONTIFICIAE UNIVERSITATIS GREGORIANAE -

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ROMAE

Preface

The present edition of two Chester Beatty manuscripts of the Greek Psalter was made possible by a Research Grant from the Canada Council which enabled me to spend the necessary time, during the summer of 1973, at the Chester Beatty I.Jbrary and Gallery of Oriental AIt, Dublin. the am grateful for the kind permission granted to me to edit these texts. also wish to express my gratitude to both the Chester Beatty l.ibrary and the Pontifical Biblical Institute of Rome for their readiness to publish jointly the present monograph. Mr. Larry Perkins, Doctoral student the Graduate Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of Toronto, am indebted for the care with which he has read my manuscript and for saving me error various ways. Any mistakes that have escaped detection are, of course, solely my responsibility. Professor Dr. Robert Hanhart of the Septuaginta-Unternehmen, Gottingen, has kindly made accessible to me information, from the files the Unternehmen, the Greek Psalter, which postdates Rahlfs' Verzeichnis der f!,riechischen Handschriften des Alten Testaments. The list of Psalter fragments which have compiled has been checked against J. van Haelst, Catalogue des Papyrus Litteraires Juifs et Chretiens (Paris, 1976), and all discrepancies have been reexamined. Toronto, March 1977

Albert Pietersma

Table of Contents

Prefaee. CnAPTER

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V VI

Pap. Chester Beatty and XIV: Introduetion Pap. Chester Beatty Text . . . . . . . Pap. Chester Bcatty XIV: Tcxt and Comments Some Rcvisions in Rahlfs' cum Odis . . Hebrew Influenec Pap. Chcster Beatty Textual Afliliations of Pap. Chester Beatty

1

16 36 40 51 56

Platcs . . . .

67

Psalter Index .

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Pap. Chester Beatty

and XIV: Introduction

The provenance Chester Beatty and is unknown according to the records the Chester Beatty Library. Though all five leaves bear the same accession number (1501) and have been entered as " Papyrus Codex. 9 leaves (4 bifolios and 1 folio) a papyrus codex Psalms ", the single folio does not fact belong to the same manuscript as the four bifolios. The two hands, while approximately the same are quite distinct. Other characteristics as well mark the folio as being unrelated to the bifolios. further interest is the remainder the entry: "Found a box miscellaneous fragments papyri, Summer, 1957. Mounted at Museum and returned to Library, August, 1958" - all which means, apparently, that the two question were not part the same acquisition as the Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri Aphroditopolis edited by F. G. Kenyon. Chester Beatty numbered 2149 by the Septuaginta-Unternehmen, contains Psalms 72:6-23,25-76:1; 77:1-18,20-81:7; 82:2-84:14; 85:2-88:2. Psalm 76:2-77:1 was omitted the manuby parablepsis (see in loc.). Lacunae varying sizes exist and from one to three lines are missing at the bottom each page, but, all, the text has been preserved fairly well. page numbers have survived ever they existed - with the result that one cannot ascertain whether the bifolios were part a larger codex perhaps containing the whole the Greek Psalter. That they were part of a more extensive seems likely from the fact that the present begins with Ps. 72:6 and ends with Ps. 88:2. 1t would appear probable that the bifolios constitute a complete quire sixteen pages). The very narrow center margins make it rather unlikely that the quire was ever much thicker than what has survived. Legibi1ity at the end and beginning lines would be impeded jf even a few leaves were added. Binding holes are clearly visible in the center margins. fact, one bifolio (folios 4 and 5) still has a hemp binding string its top holes with part an overlining stroke it, indicating that the quire was bound before the text was

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their present form the bifolios of Pap. 2149 measure c. cm c. 22% cm. There reason to believe that the manuscript ever had right and left margins to speak of. Some evidence seems to support this assumption. a number of places letters at the end of a line were crowded or written above others, possibly beca use of lack of marginal space though it may indicate more than the scribe's concern for a reasonably straight margin. Thus, for example, we at 6 1. 25 and squeezed together at fol. 1 t 16. find The manuscript may have had wider top (and bottom) margins than what now evidence, but proof positive exists. length the average between 28 and 35 letters with approximately 35 lines per page. The manuscript somewhat heavy capitals, which are very legible but not particularly elegant. Occasionally one encounters cursive letters, though ligatures. number of digraphs or tachygraphs do occur, however. Thus we find = at f. 1 -,. 1. 22, = (Lou at 1t 29 and fol. 6 1. 22, and Co = at fol. 5 1. 24. The titles of the Psalms written a smaller though apparently identical hand to that of the rest of the manuscript and may have been added after the text proper had been completed. Professor G. Turner has written in a private communication that, his both Pap. 2149 and the separate folio (2150) belong to " the fourth, not the third century" D. The hand of 2149 has some affinity with that of the Chester Beatty Enoch and Melito Papyrus, though it somewhat heavier than the latter and also more upright. Throughout Pap. 2149 the so-called nomina sacra are abbreviated, only exception occurring Psalm 85:8 7 t 1. 13). Likewise abbreviated (ocvou) 75:11 (fol. 2 l. 25). Of great interest (for Ps. 83:8 7 5). lt may, of course, be based a mistaken reading of _ though the latter makes sense the context - since other occurrences of are not abbreviated. If genuine, however, it one of the very few surviving complete abbreviations of close parallel in Chester Beatty (cf. also Paap, Nomina Sacra the Greek of the First Five Centuries (1959». Of further interest here 2110 Bodmer XXIV) and 2149 6 1. 12) at Ps. 80:10, and 2110 at Ps. 49:1. (Cf. also for Psalms Heid 2104 which reads = in Ps. 135:3). Line-finaI occasionally replaced by overlining of the preceding voweI (73:2; 75:6; 77:10,51,59). Diacritical marks appear sporadi-

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3

cally over initial and, medially, t72:27 ; 73:1,9; 77:7,8,21,71; 78:9,11 ; 79:2,13; 81:6; 82:5,7). Only (72:28) does an apostrophe separate two consonants From an orthographic point of view the manuscript must be described as poor. The scribe spelled phonetically with the result that a variety of vowels and/or diphthongs freely interchanged. the following enumeration, which includes both vocalic and consonantal changes, references given unless a particular phenomenon occurs less than ten times. supply an exhaustive list would literally fill pages.

Vowels/diphthonfjS: = 186 = 64 = 31 = 2 77 :39, 86 :6) = 27 = 21 1 85:11) >L 113 21 = 21 2 82:7, 84 :7) 11 =2 83:11 (= !Jptvetv 84 :9) =1 ... 87:1) 1. 77:60) 4 72:20, 72:27, 72:28, 85:10) ot>u 30 U>L 1 77 :31) u = 1 75 :6) >0 = 141 = 76 >ou = 1 72 :12) ou >0 77 :58) >ou 1 85 :13) =1 77 :69) =1 77 :63) = 1 72 :10) L = 1 83 :11) "fJU >eu = 1 77 :8) eu =1 82:4) ou = 5 83 :12 (textual ?), 84:9 (textual ?), 87:19) >ou 2 85:8, 87:9).1 Consonants: =1 74:10) 1 77 :4) =8 74 :5, 78 :4, 82 :9, ll, 86 :4, 86 :5, 86 :6,87 :5) =1 = 1 87:5) - 1 73:21) 80:8, 85:13) =3 75:1, 79 :3, 82 :9) & 1 -( 79 :2) >.& 177 :45) i 83 :8) =2 83 :13, 87 :3) = 1 77:44) =1 78:7) 3 77:45, 83:12, 84:2) 1 82:3) -

1 The interchange and the reverse perhaps indicates the influence a non-Greek phonemic system, and suggests that the scribes both 2149 and 2150 (see below) were not native speakers Greek. (For vocalic interchanges Byzantine Greek manuscripts cf. e.g. J. W. Wevers Genesis (Septuaginta Vetu8 Testamentum Graecum, Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis editum, Gottingen 1974, Anhang 1,2 Phonologische Faktoren, 483ff.).

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Both assimilation and non-assimilation of consonants occur, the former in three instances separate words (80:11 81:1 83:8 87:16 and the latter involving t,..o occurrences of a nasal preceding a palatal (74:11 75:11 as well as four instances of before a labial (75:4 79:17 82:9 Cf. further in 84:12. The stichometry of Pap. 2149 of some interest. Throughout the manuscript spaces equaling two three letters the average have been employed to separate lectional units except when stich division and line coincide. (For the same method of stichometric division see 2067 and 2140 below). More space, however, usually left blank to set off In two instances (82:9) the colon double dot has been used apparently for the purpose of further subdivision. Only the stichometric deviations from the edition of Rahlfs are spelled out; the other relevant instances, whicb involve disagreements among the textual traditions ",-m be cited merely by chapter and verse. 2 from Rahlfs: 72:16 ad 162 trahit 2149 ; 72:19 ad 192 trahunt 2149 R' Ga*; 72:21 unus stichus 2149 vid ; 72:26 2149) ad 261 trahit 2149 ; 73:18 ad 73:172 trahit vel stichus singularis 2149; 73:191 duo stichi 2149 (2110 (; 73:222 duo stichi 2149 R" Ga Sy 55; 74:2 20 ad 21 trahunt 2149vid S R' SyHe 1219; 74:91-2 unus stichus 2149 2110 Sa R" 1219'; 77:62.3 ad 62 trahunt 2149 vid La G Ga; 77:73.81 unus stichus 2149; 77:342 duo stichi - ) 2149; 78:7 stichus 2149 2110 +; 78:9 ad 93 trahit 2149; 78:103 duo stichi (2149; 79:32.3 unus stichus 2149 ; 79:52 duo stichi 2149 (- ) ; 80:9 unus stichus 2149 vid S Sa 55; 82:22.31 stichus 2149; 82:41 duo stichi (- ) 2149; 82:81 tres sticbi 2149; 83:10 unus stichus 2149; 83:111.2 stichus 2149; 83:11 ad 112 trahunt 2149 S La G TSyHe 83:12 ad 122 trahunt 2149 S; 83:13 duo stichi (- ) 2149 2110 Sa R' TSy; 84:7 stichus 2149; 84:8 unU8 stichus 84:93.4 stichus 2149 Sa La G SyHe 1219'; vid 84:12 stichus 2149 ; 85:91·2 stichus 2149 2110 vi d S Sa vid R' 85:93.85:101 stichus 2149 ; 85:10 stichus 2149 R' Ga He; 85:111.2 stichus 2149 SaB La G Ga; 86:41 duo stichi 2

Rah1fs' Latin terminology

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retained hecause of its concision.

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AND XIV: INTRODUCTION

2149; 86:5]·2 unus stichus 2149 Ga 87:61.2 stichus 2149 Sa THe 87:10 ad 103 trahunt 2149 S R" Aug Ga TSyHe 55; 87:16] duo stichi (2149; 87:18 ad 182 trahunt 2149 2110 Sa R" Ga TTht'He 1219'. v !d

Other relevant instances 72:12, 28; 73:4, 6, 7; 74:3, 7; 75:2, 6, 8; ; 79:4, 15; 80:11, 14; 81:5; 83:9; 86:2, 4, 6. 77:4, 5, 30, 38; 78:3, Tbe separate folio, Chester Beatty XIV, which has been numbered 2150 by tbe Septuaginta-Unternehmen, contains Psalms 31:8-11 ; that order. 3 Verso preceded recto. As 26:1-6, 8-14; 2:1-8, and mentioned above, the two manuscripts have been written similar but distinct hands. Line length 2150 varies between 25 and 33 letters, with a decorative line filler being used between the individual Psalms. Orthographically 2150 much like 2149 to the extent that ou\' evidence able to show. Vowels/diphthonss: >"1) = 33 "1) = 1

1

2

=

2

=

17

=

11 "1»U

=

1

10

1 >0 4 = 9. Consonants: = 2 1. Non-assimilation of before a palatal 3 (26:10 for In addition to abbreviation of the nomina sacra and occasional overlining in place of line-final one finds the tachygraph for Whether was similarly abbreviated in words other than J the extant portion of the manuscript does not show. occurrences of :final (or position have survived. Titles (and possibly also numbers) were omitted from the Psalms in Pap. 2150. How extensive the origjnal was impossible to determine since pagination extant. It appears that the colon was used to indicate the stichometry of the Psalms. Howflver, seven cases (31:91, 92; 26:21, 22, 22, 23; the punctuation shows divisjons which :find support elsewhere, while in 12 instances it supports the stichometry of Rahlfs' edition (26:22, 32, 41, 42, 4''', 102, 122, 13; 2:12, 21, 22, 51). As to date, it has already been mentioned that Pap. 2149 and 2150 were written at approximately the same tOOe, namely the fourth century A.D. order to high1ight the of the Chester Beatty Psalm manuscripts it should be noted that Pap. 2149 the fourth largest 3 The fragment may he part of an amulet. Though Ps. 2 is attested (cf. 2085 helow), the other two Psalms have thus far not turned as amulets.

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Psalter papyrus discovered to date, being exceeded only by mss. U, 2013, and 2110, the last which came to light subsequent to the completion Rahlfs' edition (see below). the sequel the two Chester Beatty manuscripts have been collated to the text Alfred Rahlfs' Psalmi cum Odis, and the sigla this edition have been retained. Textual evidence cited the sole authority Holmes-Parsons placed between insertion brackets, e.g. <283 >. occasion, however, only the total number manuscripts has been given. order to make the present monograph as up-to-date as possible a large numher early Psalter fragments Greek has been added to the textual evidence utilized by Rahlfs. fragments the daughter versions the Septuagint have been included). Only whole verses have been indicated, and since all manuscripts are fragmentary e silentio conclusions are valid. Early Psalter fragments

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Greek:

Jena, Jenaer Papyrussammlung, 22. V century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 22:6; 23:1-2; 24:2-5. Edition: Lietzmann, " Psalterfragment der Jenaer Papyrussammlung" in mentliche Studien fur G. Heinrici. Leipzig 1914, 60-65. Cambridge, Westminster College Library, S. Lewis collection. century. Palimpsest (Codex Climaci rescriptus). Parchment. Contents: Ps. 135:13-136:9; 140:1-9 (see Rahlfs); 140:10-142:1. Edition: Moir," Two LXX Palimpsest Fragments", of Studies, 8 (1957), 1-11. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Copt. g. 3. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 118:132-134; (Ps. 118:118-123 in Sahidic). Winstedt, .. Sahidic Biblical Fragments the Bodleian Library", Proceedings of the Society of 26 (1904), 217. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Gr. th. g. 6 century. Parchment. Contents: (Christian formula plus) Ps. 1:3. Edition: Grenfell and S. Hunt, New Other Greek Oxford 1897, 167. Berlin, Staatl. Museen, Agypt. Abteilung, Papyrus-Sammlung, 5875. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 28:6-11 ; 29:3-8. Edition: Otto Stegmuller, Berliner (Berliner Klassikertexte aus den Staatl. Museen zu Berlin, Heft 8). BerJin 1939, 19-20. Idem, 6747 and 6785. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 35:12-36:10, 14-25 (see Rahlfs). Edition: Kurt Treu, "Zwei

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weitere Berliner Septuagintafragmente", Akten des

11.

2-6 August, 1971

"·2053

.2055

-2056

'2057

2058 2059

2060 2061

·2062 2063

-2064

(Miinchener Beitrage zur Papyrusforschung und Antiken Rechtsgeschichte. 66. Heft, 421-425. Vienna, Nat. Bibl. Rainer, Litt. theol. 28. Early century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 9:19-22. Edition: Carl Wessely, Grie(Studien zur chische und koptische Texte theologischen Palaographie und Papyruskunde, 15). Leipzig 1914, 104. Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, PSI 980. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 143:14-148:3. Edition: G. Vitelli, Papiri Greci e Latini (Pubblicazioni della Societa Italiana), 8, Florence 1927, 190-196. Giessen, Universitatsbibl. 305. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 111:1; 73:2. Hermann Eberhart, Schriften der Hessischen Hochschulen, Universitiit Giessen, 1935 Heft 2. (Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Giessener Universitatsbibliothek, 4: Literarische Stucke). Giessen, 5-7. Manchester, John' Rylands Library, Greek Pap. 461. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 3:4-9; 62:2,4,5. Edition: C. Roberts, of the Greek and Latin the John Library Manchester, 3. Manchester 1938, 13-15. Idem, Greek Pap. 462. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 148:9-14; 149:1-9; 150:1-6. Edition: Ibid., 15-17. Berlin, Staatl. Museen, Agypt. Abteilung, Papyrus-Sammlung, 11682. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 17:45, 47.51; 18:2 (extremely fragmentary). Stegmiiller, 1516. (see 2045 above). Idem, 16390. IV/V century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 103: 61-63. 18-19, 26-27; 105:17-18, 25-26. Edition: Ibid., Idem, 16703. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 51:4-7; 52:2-5. Editions: Ibid., 64-65. Kurt Treu, "Neue Berliner Septuagintafragmente ", Archiv fur Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete, 20 (1970), 55-56. Idem, 3642 and 3639. century.. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 90:1-13. Stegmuller, 34-36. (see 2045 above). Idem, 11763. century. Papyrus (Hymn comprised of Ps. verses). Contents: Ps. 61:8,9,10,13; 62:2,4; 67:36; 72:1; 73:13,15,16,17,18; 75:8,9,10; 76:15; 80:3; 109:4; 111:2,3; 112:4; 117:28; 120:4; 121:7; 122:2; 127:4; 129:5,6; 131:11; 138:5,14. Edition: Ibid., 41-50. Florence, Istituto di Papirologia " G. Vitelli ", PSI 1371. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 36:5-24. Edition: V. Bartoletti, Papiri Greci e Latini, 14. Florence 1957, 1-4. (see 2055 above).

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2071

2072 2073

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Idem, PSI 1372. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 141:2-6. Edition: Ibid., 4. (see 2055 above). Arbor, University of Mlchigan, Inv. 1573. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 3:4-8. Edition: J ohn Garrett Winter, Michi3 (University Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series, 40). Arbor 1936, 2-3. Idem, Inv. 22. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 8:3-9; 9:7-17. Edition: Ibid., 3-6. Brussels, Brux 370. century. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 109: 1-4 (plus 109:12 Sahidic). Editions: L. Hedley, " Three GraecoCoptic Biblical Texts ", The of Studies, 35 (1934), 58-60, W. Crum, Short Texts from Coptic Oxford 1921, 74, 95. Tifiis, Sammlung G. Zereteli, Ross Georg century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 49:1-7. G. Zereteli and

russischer und georgischer Tifiis 1925, 1-2. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, Oxyrhynchus 2386. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 83:9-13; 84:1. Edition: Lobel, C. Roberts, G. Turner, J. W. Barns, The Oxyrhynchus 24. London 1957, 6-7. Chicago, Oriental Institute the University Chicago, Ost 1269. century. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 20:2-5. Edition: Allen Wikgren, " Two Ostraca Fragments of the Septuagint Psalter ", of Studies, 5 (1946), 181-182. Idem, Ost 1175. century. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 30:3-8 (plus 30:2-6 Sahidic). Edition: Ibid., 183-184. Dayton, Ohio, United Theological Seminary, Oxyrhynchus 1779. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 1:4-6. Edition: Grenfell and S. Hunt, Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 15. London 1922, 6. Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, PSI 759. (?) century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 7:15 a fragment of a homily); Ps. 90:1-4. Edition,s: G. Yitelli, Greci e 7. Florence 1925, 43-45. (see 2055 above) S. G. Mercati, .. Ps. 90:1-2 Riconosciuto Papiro PSI 739" (sic), 8 (1927), 96. G. D. Kilpatrick, .. Ps. 90:1-4 (LXX) ", ZeitschriJt fiir die WissenschaJt, 78 (1966), 224. Idem, PSI 719. (?) century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Editions: Yitelli, cit.• 6, Florence 1920, 151-152. Carl W essely, .. Les plus anciens monuments du Christianisme ecrits sur papyrus", 18 (1924), 413. Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Oudheden Insinger 41. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. (18:5 Coptic) 18:5-6; (20:6); 20:6-7;

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2083

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2086 2087 2088 -2089

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(23:1); 23:1-2; (23:2-3); 23:3-4; (24:4); 24:14; (133:14) ; (28:1) ; 28:1 ; (70:8) ; (28:3) ; 28:3; (16:1); (22:1); 22:1-2; (133:1); (32:3); 32:3-4; (33:9); 33:9-10; (35:10); 35:10-11 ; (131:9) ; 36:30. Edition: W. Pleyte and Boeser, coptes du Musee quites des Leide, Leiden 1897, 229-232. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, Antinoopolis 7. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 81: 1.4; 82:4-9, 16-17. Edition: C. Roberts, Antinoopolis 1. London 1950, 1-2. Yienna, Nat. Bibl. Erzherzog Rainer, 9730. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 77:65-69 (same also Sahidic). Edition: Carl Wessely, Griechische und koptische Texte theologischen V (Studien zur Palaographie und Papyruskunde, 18). Leipzig 1917, 17. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Gr. bib. d. 3 century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 68:14-21. Part the same manuscript as Brit. Lib., Add. 34602 (= 2017) and Nat., Suppl. grec. 1092, (= 2026). cf. Rahlfs sub 2017 and J. Irigoin Revue des l:ttudes Grecques, 74 (1961), 278. Idem, Gr. bib. 6 century. Papyrus (Amulet ?). Contents: Ps. 90:13-16. Idem, Gr. bib. g. 5 cen,tury. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 48: 20-49:3, 17-21. Edition: J. W. Barns and G. D. Kilpatrick, .. New Psalm Fragment ", Proceedings of the British 43 (1957), 229-232. Paris, Sorbonne, Reinach 2136. century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 140:1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10. Editions: Paul Collart, Les Theodore vol. 2 (Bulletin de l'Institut d'Archeologie Orientale 39), Cairo 1940, 4-5. .. Un papyrus Reinach inedit ", Aegyptus, 13 (1933), 208-212, and .. Psaumes et amulettes", Aegyptus, 14 (1934), 463-467. Yienna, Nat. Bibl. Gr. Vindob. century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 2:7 ; 64:2 ; 86:2,5; 109:3. Editjon: Peter Sanz, Griechische christlichen (Mitteilun,gen aus der Papyrussammlung der Nationalbibliothek Wien, 4). Baden bei Wien 1946, 40-42. Idem, Gr. Yindob. 29525 and 30465. century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 9:22-25. EditiOD: Ibid., 19-20. Idem, Gr. Yindob. 35772. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 11:9; 12:1-3,6; 13:1. Ibid., 20-22. Idem, Gr. Yindob. 3090. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 16:15; 17:3. Edition: Ibid., 22-23. Idem, Gr. Yindob. 26047. century. Parchmen,t. Contents: Ps. 17:7-11. Edition: Ibid., 23-24.

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Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 29274. IV/V century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 32:9-15. Edition: Ibid., 42-47. Gr. Vindoh. 26205. century. Papyrus. Contents: 2091 Idem, Ps. 34:1-5. Edition: Ibid., 24-25. Gr. Vindoh. 26113. century. Papyrus. Contents: 2092 Idem, Ps. 54:2-8, 15-20. Edition: Ibid., 25-26. 2093 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 26166. V century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 62:2-3, 3:5-6. Edition : Ibid., 26-27. 2094 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. (?) century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 67:35-68:4, 8-14. Edition: Ibid., 27-29. 2095 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 35782. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 68:3-5, 9-12. Edition: Ibid., 29-30. 2096 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 19920. century. Papyrns. Contents: Ps. 77:1-8. Edition: Ibid., 30-31. 2097 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 3093.' V century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 91:15-16; 92:1; 93:1. Edition: Ibid., 31-32. 2098 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 92:1-5. Edition: Ibid., 32-33. Gr. Vindoh. 26781. century. Papyrus. Contents: 2099 Idem, Ps. 92:1; 103:10-12. Edition: Ibid., 33-34. 2100 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 19809. century. Paper. Contents: Ps. 105:16; 117:17. Edition: Ibid., 34. 2101 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 3080. century. Parchment (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 118:122-123, 130-132. Edition: Ibid.; 34-35. 2102 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 26786. V/VI centnry. Parchment (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 118:155-160; 3:2-4. Edition: Ibid., 35-37. 2103 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 35887. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 135:10-13, 19-21. Edition: Ibid., 37-38. 2104 Idem, Gr. Vindoh. 26100. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 138:17-24; 139:1-8. Edition: Ibid., 38-40. 2105 Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, Oxyrhynchus 2065. V/VI (IV/V?) century. Parchment (Amulet ?). Contents: Ps. 90:5-10. Edition: S. Hunt; The Oxyrhynchus 17. London 1927, 1-2. 2106 Idem, Oxyrhynchus 1928. IV-VI century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1-16. Edition: Grenfell, S. Hunt, Bell, The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, 16. London 1924, 208-211. 2107 Private, Kortenheutel. IV century. Limestone ostracon (Amulet). Contents: (Ps. 118:10-11 Coptic); Ps. 117:19-20. Edition: Kortenheutel and Bohlig, "Ostrakon mit griechisch-koptischem Psalmentext, " Aegyptus 15 (1935), 415-418. 12108 Birmingham, Woodhrooke ColIege, J. Rendel Harris Pap. 31. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 43:20-23. Editions: J. Enoch Powell, The Rendel Harris of Woodbrooke College, Birmin2090

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2112

2113 2115

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lNIRODUCTION

11

gham. Camhridge 1936, 18. G. D. Kilpatrick, Fragment of Ps. XLIII (LXX) 20-3 ", The Journal of Theological Studies, 50 (1949), 176-177. New ork, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Epiphanius 580. century. Limestone ostracon. Contents: Ps. 45:11-12. Edition: Hugh G. Evelyn White, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition, The Monastery of Epiphanius Thebes, Part : Greek New ork 1926, 119 and 299-300. Ostraca and Bodmer XXIV. III/IV century. Geneva, Bihl. Bodmeriana, Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 17:46-31:8; 32:3-10, 12-19; 33:2-9, 11-18, 21-34:13,15-53:5; 55:8-72:28; 73:2-88:10, 47-105:32; 106:28-111:1, 10-113:1,9-117:6, 9-118:11, 20, 26-29, 37-44. Edition: Rodolphe Kasser and Michel Testuz, Papyrus Bodmer XXIV. ColognyGeneva 1967. (?) century. Ostracon. ConOxford, Bodleian Lihrary 2158. tents: Ps. 42:3. Edition: John Gavin Tait and Claire Preaux, Greek Ostraca in the Bodleian Library Oxford, 2. Oxford 1955, 383. Idem, Bodleian Lihrary 2159. Byzantine. Ostracon. Contents: 67:1-2. Editions: W. Crum, Short Texts from Coptic Ostraca and Oxford 1921, 108. S. Gaselee Review of Crum), The Review, 36 (1922), 138-139. Tait and Preaux, cit., 383. (see 2111). Geneva, Bihl. Bodmeriana, Bodmer Early century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 33:2-34:17. Edition: Michel Testuz, Papyrus Bodmer VII-IX. Cologny-Geneva 1959. 081. Inv. 1644. Second half of century. Papyrus (AmuOslo, let). Coutents: Ps. 90:1-4. Edition: Leiv Amundsen, Christian from the Oslo Collection (Symholae Osloenses, 24). Oslo 1945, 141-147. Erzherzog Rainer G 29418. century. Vienna, Nat. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 21:19. Edition: Kurt Niederwimmer, " Bisher unedierte Fragmente hjhlischen Inhalts aU8 der Sammlung Erzherzog Rainer," Jahrbuch der osterreichischen byzantinischen Gesellschaft, 14 (1965), 9-10. Antinoopolis 51. century. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 71: 12, 16-17. Edition: J. W. Barns and ZHliacus, The Antinoopolis 2. London 1960, 1. Paris, Sorbonne, Reinach 2125. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 100:1-4, 8-101:3. Edition: ColJart, Les Papyrus ... 3-4 (see 2083 ahove). Amsterdam, Universiteitshihliotheek, Papyrusverzameling, 83. V century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 15:1-4; 16:2-5. Edition:

12

2130 2131

2133

2134

2135

2136

2137 2138 2140 2142

CHESTER

AND

INTRODUCTION

J. Sijpesteijn, "Sechs Texte aus der Amsterdamer Papyrussammlung, " Studia 9 (1970), 93-94. Barcelona, Palau Rib. 1. VjVI century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 1:3-6; 2:6-9. Edition: Jose O'Callaghan, "Salmos 1, 3-6; 2, 6-9", Studia Papyrologica, 4 (1965), 91-97. Berlin, 6096 (9096 Wessely). VI century. Parchment (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1; 117:6-7; 17:3. Editions: C. Schmidt and W. Schubart, Texte (Berliner Klassikertexte, 6). Berlin 1910, 129-130. Carl Wessely, " Les plus anciens monuments du Christianisme sur papyrus," 18 (1924), 412-413. (See 2075). Florence, Istituto Papirologico .. G. Vitelli", 533. V/VI century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 1:1-2. Edition: V. Bartoletti, "Papiri inediti della raccolta Annali della Superiore di Pisa, ser. 2, vol. 26 (1957), 176-178. Genoa, 1st. di Filogia Classica dell'Univ., PUG Inv. 1160. V (?) century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 114:5-8. Traversa, "Alcuni inediti della Collezione Genovese", Euse(Pubblicazioni di Filologia Classica dell'Universita di Genova, 11), Genoa 1958, 117124. Heidelberg, Universitatsbibl. Papyrus-Sammlung, Heid. G 2071. century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 70:20-71:14, 16-17, 19; 72:1-12. Edition: F. Bilabel, Grohmann, G. Graf, Griechische, koptische und arabische Texte zur Religion und reli8iosen Literatur in Agyptens Spiitzeit (Veroffentlichungen aus den badischen Papyrus-sammlungen, 5). Heidelberg 1934, 370-374. Cairo, Coptic Museum, 44800, 44802,44804. Parchment. Contents: Ps. (31:9-10; 45:8-11 ; 47:15-48:11 Sahidic); 32:10-11 ; 46:10-47:2 ; Munier, Catalo8ue general des Antiquites Egyp48:12-20; Cf. tiennes du Caire, nos. 9201-9304, Manuscrits coptes (vol. 74). Cairo, 1916, 2-4 (nos. 9204, 9206, 9208) (Probable Rahlfs number). Idem, 44801 and 44803. Parchment. Contents: Ps. (44:17-45:12; 47:9; 48:2-7 Sahidic) ; 46:1-6. Cf. Munier, 2-4 (nos. 9205, 9207). (Probable Rahlfs number). Idem, 44674.162. VI/VII century. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 33:2-5. Edition: White, cit. 119, 299-300 (see 2109 above). Cologne, Colon. Inv. 525. V century. Parchment. Contents: Ps. 14:1-3. Edition: L. Koenen, .. Psalm 14, 1-3 ", und Epigraphik, 1 (1967), 74. Manchester, John Rylands Library Greek Pap. sub-gr. 1, folder no. III-IV century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 19:7-8. Edition: Robert Kraft and Antonia "Some Uncatalogued of Theological and Other Interest the John

CHESTER

AND

INTRODUCTION

13

Rylands Library ", Bulletin ofthe John 51 (1968), 138-142. 2144 Turin, Taur. 27. century (Traversa), IV/V century (Bartoletti (see 2133 above, 177 note 4) and Treu " Papyri 194019 (1969), 176. Papyrus. 1967 ", Archiv Contents: Ps. 1:1. Edition: Traversa, " Notizie di papiri greci inediti del Museo Egiziano di Torino ", In Achillis Beltrami (Pubblicazioni dell'Istituto di Filologia Classica dell'Universita di Genova, 3), Genoa 1954, 227-237. Erzherzog Rainer G 3084. VI/VII century. 2145 Vienna, Nat. Bibl., Parchment. Contents: Ps. 9:4-13. Edition: Niederwimmer, cit., 7-9. (see 2121 above). 2146 Berlin, Staatl. Museen, Agypt. Abteilung, Papyrus-Sammlung, 17098. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 39:3-6. Edition: Treu, "Neue Berliner ... ", 53-54. (see 2061 above). 2148 Manchester, John Rylands Library no. 11). VI century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 50:9-12. Edition: Kraft and Tripolitis, cit., 142-148. (see 2142 above). 2149 Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, Chester Beatty Ac. 1501. IV century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 72:6-23, 25-76:1; 77:1-18, 20-81:7 ; 82:2-84:14 ; 85:2-88:2. Chester Beatty XIV, Ac. 1501. IV century. Papyrus 2150 Idem, (Amulet ?). Contents: Ps. 31:8-11; 26:1-6, 8-14; 2:1-8. Chester Beatty XV. First half of IV century. Papyrus. 2151 Idem, Contents : (Acts of Phileas, plus) Ps. 1:1-6; 2:1-3, 5-8, 10-12 ; 3:1-9 ; 4:1-2.

Items without a Rahlfs number: Brussels, Mus. Royaux d'Art et 6801. VII century. Wooden tablet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 28:3. Edition: Claire Preaux, " Une Amulette Chretienne aux Musees Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire de Bruxelles ", Chronique d' Egypte 10 (1935), 361370. Cairo, Coptic Museum, 44805, 44810. Parchment. Contents: Ps. (50:7-51:6; 103:14-25 Sahidic) 103:25-35. Cf. Munier, cit. 4,6 9209, 9214) Plate IV. (see 2136 above). Idem, 44823. Parchment Contents: Ps. 28:3; 64:10; 68:35-36; 113:3-4; 95:11-12; 92:3-4; 104:3-4; 21:24; 84:11-12; 88:20-21; 36:30; 58:17; 108:26-27; 15:8; 23:1. Ibid. 14-16 9226). (see 2136 above). Idem, Cairo Museum 10696. VI-VII century. Papyrus (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 21:20, 21, 22. Edition: Grenfell and S.

14

CHESTER

AND XIV: INTRODUCTION

CHESTER

Hunt, Catalo15ue general des Antiquites egyptiennes du Musee du vol. 10 (Greek Oxford 1903, 502 (no. 10696).

118:169-176.

Cairo, Egyptian Nat. Museum. Byzantine. Inscription a hracelet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Edition: Friedrich P.reisigke, Sammelbuch griechischen Urkunden aus Agypten, 1. Strasshurg 1915, no. 1574.

Paris, Musee du Louvre. Byzantine. Inscription let). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Edition: Preisigke,

Idem, Byzantine. Inscription medallion (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Edition: Ibid., no. 1575. Idem, Byzantine. Inscription hracelet (Amulet). Ps. 90:1. Edition: Ibid, no. 1576.

Contents:

Genoa, PUG no. 1. III-IV century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 21: 20-28, 31-32; 22 (without title); 23:1 (without title). Edition: Amelotti and L. Migliardi, dell' di Genova vol. 1. Milan 1974, 3-5. (no. 2 in this volume, 6-7, 2134 ahove). Idem, PUG no. 3. V-VI century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 30:20-24; 43:2-6. Edition: Ibid. 8-9. Heidellierg, Universitatshihl. Papyrus-Sammlung, Heid. G 2104. century. Wooden tahlet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 135:1-18, refrain). Edition: F. Bilahel, Grohmann, G. Graf, 21-26 VBP 5, 364-366 127). (See 2135 ahove). London, Brit. Mus. Inv. 120(3). VIcentury. Parchment let). Contents: (Invocation to the Nile, the Constantinopolitan Creed p}us) Ps. 132 (mjnus title). Edition: J. Catalogue of the Library Papyri in the British Museum. London 1927, 200-204 (no. 239). Idem, Brit. Mus., Eg. Explor. Soc. Ostr. 140. Byzantine. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 103:1-6. Edition: W. Crum, Coptic Ostraca from

the Collections of the Egypt 81 and Others. London 1902,

Fund, the Cairo 513).

useum

Idem, Ostr. 32966. Byzantine. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 117:27,26 (plus Christian formula). Editjon: Ibid, 81 514). Idem, Ostr. 33040. Byzantine. Edition: Ibid, 81 512).

Ostracon.

Contents: Ps. 50:12.

Idem, Ostr. 35123 (reverse). century. Ostracon. Contents: Ps. 80:4; 117:19-20. Edition: R. Hall, Coptic and Greek Texts of the Christian Period. London 1905, 21 (Plate 16). New Haven, Yale University 488. century. Wooden tahlet. Contents: (Exhortation and prayer plus) Ps. 133 (minus title);

Yale

Huhhell, " Studies 8 (1942),

15

AND XIV: INTRODUCTION

Christian Liturgy from Egypt ", 69-78. hracelet (Amucit. no. 1577.

Idem, MND 552 century. Five wooden tahlets. Contents: Ps. 146 (without title) -147 title. Edition: Boyaval, •• Le cahier scolaire d'Anrelios Papnouthion", Zeitschrift filr pyrologie und Epigraphik 17 (1975), 225-235. Idem, MND 552 F. century. Two wooden tahlets. Contents: Ps. 92 (without title). Edition: Boyaval, " Psaume 92 deux tahlettes scolaires ", l7 (1975), 147-150. Private collection, Dr. Fouquet. Byzantine. Inscription celet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Edition: Preisigke, no. 1572.

a hra-

Private, La Comtesse de Bearn. Byzantine. Inscription celet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1. Edition: Preisigke, no. 1579.

hra-

cit.,

cit.,

Museo Egiziano. Byzantine? Wooden tahlet (Amulet). Contents: Ps. 90:1-2. Edition: Preisigke, cit., no. 2021. Vienna, Nat. Bihl, Vindoh. 8343. century. Parchment. Contents: (Ps. 8:2-9:2 Sahidic); 9:3-11. Vind. 902. century. Parchment. Contents: (Ps. 93:22-94:1 Sahidic) ; 94:9-11. Edition: W. •• Saidische Fragmente des Alten Te8taments ", Le Museon, 50 (1937), 209-213. Prohahle Rahlfs designation 2079 and 2118 respectively. Both fragments helong to the same manuscript a8 Rahlfs 2033 2034 2035 2052. @ Idem, Vindoh. G 36022. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 5:12; 6:9-10. Edition: Luzzatto and Roselli, " Sei frammenti greci inediti hihlici e classici ", Athenaeum N.S. 52 (1974), 13-15. Idem, Vindoh. G 29491. century. Papyrus. Contents: Ps. 31:9-10. Edition: Kurt Treu, "Vier Wiener Septuagintafragmente ", Jahrbuch der iisterreichischen Byzantik, 23 (1974), 3-4. Idem, Vindoh. G 35781. century. Parchment. Ps. 77:48-52, (60(?)-66. Edition: Ibid, 4-6.

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f.!-ot

11

12

13 14 15 1j

87:3

5

f.!-?U

+

L' GaAug L" S

SaB '" L" 9 2149 La G et Cypriani codices

2149

om. 2149 2110 S GaAug L'Sy 1219'

2149 Sy

=

2149

6

8

=

tr. 2149 2110 S Ga 2149

14

10

2149 S

+

2149

om.

87:19 <154 219)

2149 ..... 2149

88:1

2149;

LThtP ' 1219;

37

CHESTER

XIV:

111 Pap. Chester Beatty XIV: Text and Comments

26:4·2:4

0:[

]ou:

Jv. JXL'1L

!

5

AND COMMENTS

6

.

VUv

:["1)

Some lines lost.

.!.

Some lines lost.

8

.

8

(LOI!

]

9

9

1)

(L"l)J :ou

10

10

11

f

'i

11

1)

f

u

12 XXVI 1

-KF

.

13 14

.,

.

2

' !

!

f_

J"I):

3

J 'fJcr&"l)vIj[ • •

11

u

1 2

f

.

3

4 (L"l)V]

31:9 .... 2150 tr. 2150 1098-Ga LThtp item rx' tcste 1098 10 2150 11 2150vid 26:1 init. -xptcr&'ijvoct] om. 2150 <167> 3 pr. 1) 2150 4 c. var 2150vid L' om. 2150v !d 2110 L' 2030 vocov + 2150; vrxov ocytov LtJ.I' 2030; 5:8, 10:4, 17:7, 27:2, 64:5, 78:1,137:2

u cruv"l)l

4

5

u "

{

J

9

+

2150

J

U' R'Aug VuIg L"

c. var 2150 2110vid Tht P <184188210> 12 2110 He* 14 pr. om. 2150 2151 vid RS' Sy 4 tr 2150vid om. 2150

2030: cf.

11 2150vid ; <184 >; c. var 2150 Sy: ditt. 2:2 2150 <283> 5 2150

2:4-8

CHESTER

COMMENTS

38

5 6

.

t

•

7 e:L

8 Comments: way of textual analysis Iittle can be said about the affiIiation of 2150 because ofits fragmentary state and brevity. lt must be added to the already long Iist of fragments which cannot be assigned to any textual family. far as the Old Greek text concerned, the only variant read· ing of 2150 which lays any serjous claim to being original the ap· parent omission of 26:4. The Iist of supporting witnesses now more impressive than when Rahlfs estabIished text: 2150 v1d 2110 L' 2030 as against U R which are cited by Rahlfs sup· port of It seems unlikely that any variant readings 2150 give evidence of Hebrew influence. The transposition of and 31:9 (2150 1098-Ga LThtp item iJ.' teste 1098) need be more than a styIistic variant spite of the contrary impresslon created by 1098 (cf. also Field). Hebrew mtg occurs only once the Psalter and rarely elsewhere in the Old Testament (2 Sam. 8:1; 2 Kgs. 19:28; Prov. 26:3; Is. 37:29). Though it tl'anslated by 2 Kgs. Ps. 32(31):9, other Greek words 19:28, Is. 37:29 and apparently are used as well. Similarly rsn a rare word (Jb. 30:11, 41:5; Ps. 32:9; 1s. 30:28). Jb. 30:11 we find as a translation, 41:5 Ps. 32(31):9 and zero in 1s. 30:28. Both and are used the LXX to translate a number of Hebrew words. 1t of course, that if "the three" did indeed consider a better rendering of mtg wrsn than that provided by the LXX, this " correction " found its way into some LXX manuscripts, 2150 among them. invoke Hebrew influence for the addition of 26:5 (2150 U' Vulg L" 2030: cf. would be even more hazardous. Not onJy would the sense of the aid the addition of but 26:52 ob-

39

CHESTER

XIV:

COMMENTS

viously exerted an influence. The last instance to be considered the of Ps. 2:2 (2150 2151 vi d Rs' Sy Particularly a manuscript which, for reason or another, omits Psalm (and perhaps numbers as well) the absence of not to be taken too seriously. Considerable flexibility existed as to the inclusion or exclusion of this word, especially manuscripts which contained only selections of the (such as amulets). Thus, for example, 2102 omits 3:3, and 2093 does the same 3:5. Both, interestingly, are amulets and omit titles as well. Ms. four different occasions, though there 2149 omits good reason to doubt its originality (81:2, 84:3, 86:3,6). Once again, though Hebrew influence the text of 2150 not an impossibility, this variant reading far more Iikely inner-Greek, as are the remaining variants this manuscript.

REVISIONS

RAHLFS'

41

P.salmi cum Odis

Contested readings of 2 the first instance only one ms. (2013) 37 (38):18, 89 (90):8. reads the third L' 55 have the latter. d. Uncontested readings of 9 30 (31):20, 37 (38):10, 38 (39):2, 76 (77):3 (ngrh 87 (88):2, 88 (89):37, 115:9 (116:18), 118 (119):46, 137 (138):1. e. Contested readings of 4 51 (52):11, 68 (69):20, 77 (78):12, 118 (119):168. The support for 2110, R, 2054 2110, respectively. f. Miscellaneous of ngd: 3 22 (23):5 variants 43 (44): 16 108 (109):15 L' cf. 'l verse 14 c.

Some

in Rahlfs' Psa/mi cum Odis

the Psalter, as elsewhere the Septuagint, it di:fficult - and at times impossihle - to distinguish between instances Hebrew influence and original readings the Greek text, and even where not faced with this particular problem, it far from easy to get su:fficient leverage, to speak, individual variant readings to enable to establish the text with a reasonable degree certainty. the following pages an attempt has been made to nntie both Gordian knots with respect to Psalms 72-88. The fact that certain readings of the Septuagint Version of the Psalter may refiect a Heb.rew which differed particulars from the socalled Masoretic text has not been lost sight of, but has intentionalIy been kept w hat deemed a proper perspective. facile resorting to a different from the Masoretic text can serve purpose other than to create confusion.

As far as /iVOCVTLOV concerned, it clear that they occur with approximately equal frequency the Greek text of the Psalter for the Hebrew wordjphrase under discussion. the process of textual they were occasionally substituted for the other.

2.

U ncontested readings of : 4 14 (15):4, 35 (36):3 Lpall), 50 (51):6, 71 (72):14 b. Contested readings of c. U ncontested readings of 1 = 115 (116):6 (97 (98):2 d. Contested readings of 1 2149 R L' 1219' 72 (73):16 Miscellaneous of b'yny: 3 89 (90):4, 117 (118):23 variants 90 (91):8 variants (131 (132):4 a.

72:16 iVOCVTLOV] c. var 2149 R L' 1219'; b'yny connection with this reading 2149 + it will be necessary to detail the occurrences of and the Psalter and their respective fate textual order to get some leverage the variant question, three Hebrew phrases need to be studied: (l)ngd. b'yny, and

1. (l)ngd: total number of occurrences 32. six instances it followed by 'yny 5:6, 25 (26):3 17 (18):25 variants, cf. 100 (101):7 variants 35 (36):2 100 (101):3 100 (101):7 S L' b. Uncontested readings of 9 9:25 (cf. mngd 10:5), 15 (16):8, 17 (18):23, 22 (23):5, 38(39): 6, 49 (50):8, 50 (51):5, 53 (54):5, 85 (86):14

b'yny: total number of occurrences 9

a.

Though

3. and a.

absolutely consistent pattern discernible, it clear that was preferred to iVOCVTLOV as a translation of b'yny. total number of occurrences 48 9:20 97 (98):9 has equivalent in Gk.)

=

Uncontested readings of 25 5:9, 9:20, 17 (18):7. 18 (19):15, 21 (22):28, 30, 22 (23):5, 40 (41):13, 55 (56):14, 60 (61):8, 61 (62):9, 67 (68):4, 5, 8,

42

SOME REVISIONS

cum Odis

RAHLFS'

68 (69):23, 71 (72):9, 78 (79):11, 85 (86):9, 95 (96):6, 99 (100):2, 105 (106):23, 118 (119):170, 140 (141):2, 141 (142): 3, 142 (143):2 b.

Contested readings

2

97 (98):6 2110, 118 (119):169 R c. U ncontested readings 2 33 (34):1, 79 (80):3 d. Contested readings 8 49 (50):3 L' 84 (85):14 L' 94 (95):6 S 96 (97):3 L' 55 101 (102):1 S LpauTht p ; LpauThtpHe 105 (106):46 RB 114 (116):9 L' 2029 141 (142):3 2065 R L' Grohmann 129 e. Miscellaneous renderings lpny: 11 34 (35):5, 82 (83):14, 147:6 (17) minor variants occur within the phrase: 34:5 2113, 82:14 2110. The context all three very similar. 56 (57):7, 95 (96):13 71 (72):5, 17 (cf. context) 75 (76):8 dative case after (+ crou 2149; + crou Sy) 79 (80):10, 104 (105):17 variants 101 (102):29 = lpnyk (ad sensum): t is obvious from the preceding that was the preferred translation lpny. As the case (l)ngd and b'yny, a number stances the translator departed from his usual rendering. At times he appears to have chosen and occasion still other renderings were deemed more Nothing can detract, howevel, from his distinct preference for possibly (probably fact) because it reflects lpny more literally than does Though one must naturally accept the latter where little or support exists Similarly, the semantic fields and ngd overlap to a great exIt interesting to note that was at times understood in (cf. e.g. Didymus the B1ind (Tura-Pap.) Ps. 37:10,12). Some the secondary interchanges the two words are intelligible in this light. 1

tent.

SOME REVISIONS

cum Odis

RAHLFS'

43

for (cf. 79 (80):3, 94 (95):6, 105 (106):46), a sound argument can be made for this preposition as the reading the following instances : 49 (50):3 L', 84 (85):14 L' 96 (97):3 L' 55, 101 (102):1 S LpauTht p, 114 (116):9 L' 2029, 141 (142):3 2065 R L' the basis the above examination and Rahlfs' text the Psalter and their fate in the process textual transmission a number observations are order. Both words obvious]y belong to the text though appears with greater frequency than chiefly due to the fact that it was the favoured lpny. the process textual development the two words were easily interchanged with the result that the frequency was reduced. Ps. 72:16 it seems preferable to regard as the reading.

55]

72:17 Psalter are

17:38 56:2 57:8 70:18 55 71:7 93:13 93:15 109:1 111:8 122:2 131:5 140:10

00

2149 R L'

this reading 13 other occurrences relevance :

U

om. 00

00 00

the

Lpau

00 00

2110 Ld Lb'Rc, om. rJ.v 2110 S R*

Ld'HeRc)

06 06 00

06 00 00 00 LdTThtpHe 141 :8 " ou.,.,

om. 00 55 00 om. 2110

LdHe 55

00

R LpauT om. 06 LdThtpRc 55, om.

'1>-

]"

ou. , . ,

2011 S R

R

The most frequently occurring grammatical construction the Old Greek text the Psalter is clearly 00 plus the subjunctive (7). One strongly suspects that 00 which is supported by the vast mss., is the reading 72:17 as well. It should be noted that 06 was omitted by some mss. in 93:13 and

44

SOME REVISIONS

RAHLFS'

cum Odis

140:10, and a number ofmss. 17:38, 70:18 and 109:1. 5imilarly, we :find a (secondary) future verb 70:18, 93:15, 122:2, 141:8. (With the added 2110 may well be original 57:8. The suppo.rt of 2149 for 015 72:17 very signi:ficant. plus the not attested elsewhere the Psalter, though it was introduced secondarily three verses (17:38, mss. It should be emphasized, how70:18, 93:13) by a variety ever, that absolute can be attained the verse under discussion. Perhaps more problematic than his choice 72:17 is Rahlfs' reading of 0(; 140:10 which suppo.rted solely by mB. The construction unusual, to say the least (cf. BlassDebrunner-Funk § 383.2), and appears to be a conflation the two one with and the other with Preferable as the original reading would be 0(; 72:22

2149 5 L' 1219

Examjnjng the occurrences of :first and second aorist forms the verb the Psalter, one :finds that the former was preferred by the translator, the ratio being 2.5:1. Uncontested :first aorist forms: 52 Contested :first aorist forms: 3 Uncontested second aorist forms: 14 Contested second aorist forms: 7 If one concentrates the :first person singular one :finds the following: Uncontested :first aorist forms: 7 (29:8, 30:12,13, 70:7, 87:5, 101:7,

118:83) Contested :first aorist forms : 3 (68:9 (2110), 101:8 (L' 108:25 (55» Uncontested second aorist forms: 2 (36:25, 72:14) Contested second aorist forms: 3 (37:15 (R), 68:12 (5), 72:22 (2149 5 L' 1219) only two can one speak a serious contest between and 72:22 2149 5 L' 1219; 101:8 L' As a general rule, the process textual development less frequently occurring forms tend to be replaced by forms that occur with greater frequency, and this there some, though not extensive, evidence here. Furthermore, Greek generally preferred the :first aorist to the second aorist (cf. Blass-Debrunner-Funk

SOME REVISIONS

§ 78). Rahlfs' choice

RAHI.FS'

curn Odis

45

these considerations one should perhaps accept as the reading Gk

72:22 but opt for

101:8. 74:3

2149+] om. 2110 5 5aL Galli

One suspects that Rahlfs rejected the reading of 5 because its hexaplaric appearance. This situation has not changed radically with the addition 2110 since the conclusion difficult to escape that the text of this papyrus was, at some stage, corrected sporadically to the Hebrew Psalter. That the omission is, therefore, an Hebrew influence cannot be ruled out More however, is not part the text. Precisely this same phrase occurs at 9:2, 25(26):7 and 104(105):2, and all three instances reads kl. In 144(145):5, the other hand, we have the phrase without - which again equals none these cases the Greek reading contested. The addition therefore, an ex. variant or/and was introduced ad sensum.

74:4

2149

the syntax the Psalter makes clear that as a rule the translator followed the Hebrew text rather closely. the 18 relevant instances - apart that 74:4 15 correspond exactly to : ysb b = ysb a bound construction (ysby bh excepted) plus the accusative case. variants readings are Rahlfs' apparatus criticus except the reading for 97:7. The three to the noted pattem are = ysb §YWn 9:12, 67(68):17, and ysby bytk 83(84):5 (cf. 26:4). 74(75):4, the verse under scrutiny, the Hebrew text reads ysbyh which one would expect to see rendered Greek as OL and this fact the reading two fourth century manuscripts 2149 and would suggest, therefore, though with some hesitation due to the slender evidence, that these two manuscripts have preserved the original text and that the majority reading secondary, having arisen possibly under the influence other occurrences (= bh) the Psalter (cf. 23:1, 97:7, 106:34, and further 22:6, 26:4, 67:11, 90:1, 122:1).

46

75:13 55

SOME REVISIONS

RAHLFS'

P.salmi cum Odis

R GaHiAug P L"]

SOME REVISIONS

Sa LaAugP Vulg Lpau

Unfortunately Pap. 2149 is of help at this point since it reads and 2110 has the fully preserved abbreviation One must admit that the singular at first glance gives the appearance being an instance of Hebrew influence, though hexaplaric witnesses are conspicuous by their (virtual) absence (cf. Vulg). number considerations, the correctness this line of reasoning. It however, cast doubt should be noted that the lectio difficiliOT (cf. hence is easily accounted for as an ad sensum variant (cf. 103:29). Furthermore, it seems probable that the widespread plura1 resulted in many instances from a simple confusion between and since both were most frequently abbreviated as and a1so occur occasion for As a case point, 2110 at 103:4 reads for It suggested, therefore, that deserves preference as the original reading.

77:2

2149 S Ga =

+

Obviously it is possible to ascribe this variant 2149 to Hebrew in:8uence. that case, it may be argued that the singular stems from Origen's Hexapla, though, unfortunately, hexaplaric readings are not easily isolated due to the sma1l number witnesses. proaching the variant from a different angle, however, appears to account better for the textual situation at this point. If one assumes that the original reading rather than a correction to it can be argued that the singular the lectio difficiliOT (cf. the plural verse 1 and verse 2). further interest the fact that Matthew 13:35 reads The plural the latter passage, however, can best be explained as a contextual adaptation of Psalm 77:2 rather than a verbatim citation (cf. Mt. 13:34). It probable that the plural form Matthew was at least part responsible for the widespread attestation in Ps. 77:2.

77:6

RAHLFS'

Psalmi cum Odis

47

at the close of the preceding verse probably in:8uenced its addition in verse 6 where the final phrase, is identical to verse 5. The added evidence Pap. 2149 for the omistips the scales favour as the original reading. The majority reading has nothing to commend itself as being original except the fact that it supported by the greater number manuscripts.

77:10

c.

2149 2110 L' 55 2054

The support 2054 for what Rahlfs assumed to be a secondary (L) reading, the reading in 77:7 (which now also supported by 2110 and 2149 and could be original), and the reading of (= L' 2110), prompted the inclusion of this papyrus fragment in a list textua1 witnesses which contain so-ca1led readings. 2 It is obvious that the variant reading 77:10 formed an important basis which the "Lucianic conclusion" was reached. Significantly, two further mss. can now be cited support of The deviant reading must be reassessed. Though the Septuagint as a whole and occur with almost equal frequency having a slight edge), the Psalter the former is the overwhelming favourite due to the fact that the translator equated it with Out 24 occurrences this root, the translator chose (or 20 to render it. Once, for contextual reasons, did he opt for (50(51):8) and once for (50(51):21). Only twice was used to translate (39(40):9, 69(70):3). to the two instances in which equals Q,P$ it occurs only twice in the Psalter: in 35(36):4 renders Q.dl, and 77(78):10 used for m'n (if is accepted as the origina1 text). Neither these renderings peculiar to the Psa1ter. The only other occurrence m'n the Psalms (77(76):3) is similarly translated by The substitution for therefore, purely inner-Greek. 113:11 S and 2110, both of which (115:3) the reverse change occurred read

om. 2149 S LaGAug Ga 2054

+

Two considerations make it probable that 2149 has preserved the original reading this instance. First, can readily be explained as an ad sensum addition, and, second, the occurrence of

2 Cf. Bruce Metzger, "The Lucianic Recension of the Greek Bible, " Chapters in the History of New Textual Criticism (reprint S. Jel. licoe Studies the Septuagint (Ktav 1973).

48

SOMB RBVISIONS

RAHLFS'

Of general interest is the fact that is the overwhelming choice the New Testament - a situation which echoes the Greek Psalter but not the as a whole. If the reading of 77:10 (plus possibly verse 7) are accepted as as has been argued, 2054 ought to be dropped from Metzger's since alone will hardly warrant its being labeled 3

77:54

Grabe Rahlfs =

SOMB RBVISIONS

P.salmi cum

2149 rel.

interest that Pap. 2149, all other te:xtual witnesses, supports hence failing to provide support for Grabe's conjecture. For a number of reasons Rahlfs would have done better to reject Grabe's guess favour of the witness the Greek mss. It of course possible that, as Rahlfs noted, 77:541 represents an intrusion from 542, but disturbing it is that, that case, not a single manuscript has preserved the reading. It must be further admitted that gbwl elsewhere the Psalter - and the generally-is translated by (Pss. 73(74):17; 103(104):9; 104(105): considerations are 9, 31, 33; 147:3(14». However, a number order: 1. gbwl qds occurs only the verse question; 2. as the second stich clearly the phrase obviously refers " the holy mount"; 3. hr qds a common phrase the Hebrew Bible and occurs times the Psalter (2:6, 3:5, 15:1, 43:3, 48:2, 99:9, cf. 87:1). What probably happened, therefore, is that an terpretative rendering was preference here over a fact a translation. SimiIar renderings are not to elsewhere the Greek Psalter. few exampIes, taken at random, illustrate the point: 59(60):9 (= 107(108):9) miJ, qqy, 77(78):16 = nwzlym, 82(83):13 = n'wt, 101(102):29 lpnyk (the note BHS of doubtful value), 128(129):3 lm'nwtm, 131(132):8 'zk, 131(132):18 = nzrw. 77:54, as 7:14 where Rahlfs refused to follow his lead, Grabe's approach to the Greek Psalter too and shows too respect for what the mss. actually read. Preferable to Grabe's conjecture, though not to the solution proposed above, would be rcad 3 For a detailed assessment of the 'Lucianic' character of 2054 see my, "Proto-Lucian and the Greek Psalter", Vetus Testamentum (1978), 66-72.

... at least be

78:9

RAHLFS'

Psalmi cum Odis

49

Even though the former never translates gbwl, the mss. seriously.

bis 2149

L' 55 R (10

2110 (10

would

20

Of considerable the fact that the new Chester Beatty ms. supports BS what Rahlfs took to be readings of Gk. vestigation the Psalter will substantiate the correctness of Rahlfs' choice. Uncontested of 2 (5:9, 68:19) Contested of 10 (8:3 (2025), 24:7 L' 55), 11 (2110 U R L' 55), 26:11 (2110vid 2150 Thtp), 43:23 (S 2013 Lpau 68:8 (2110), 78:9 (see above), 121:8 9 142:11 L' 55) Uncontested readings 9 (6:5, 9:34, 22:3, 30:4, 43:27, 44:5, 96:8, 105:8, 131:10) Contested of 3 (47:12 (2110 1219), 108:21 (S), 129:5 (2017» Two conclusions can be drawn from the above: 1. both and were used by the translator and apparently with equal frequency; 2. the process of te:xtual development a tendency substitute the more generally for clearly evidence. Perhaps Ps. 47:12 rather than deserves preference as the The evidence for the former (2110 1219) stronger than that which Rahlfs based his choice 78:9 (BS) - but which now fortunately further supported by an additional fourth century manuscript, Pap. 2149.

78:13

om.

2149 R L' 1219'

For a consideration of this variant three Psalter are ot' relevance:

73:1 94:7 99:3

variants variants om.

references

the

2110 R L'

two of the four the absence of clearly (73:1, two cases are concerned, it should 94:7). As far as the be noted that the te:xtual evidence both for the presence and for the absence of impressive. 78:13 and 99:3 to be regarded as the original what basis can explain its omis-

RBVISIONS

50

RAHLFS'

P.sa1mi cum Odis

posit either Hebrew influence or ylistic variation Greek fails to convince. the other hand, the absence of taken to be original everything falls neatly into place. that case, none of the four occurrences the phrase question was an article used. the process textual development, however, an article was introduced two of the four instances for the purpose of stylistic improvement. consideration more general application that a Hebrew substantive with suflix was very frequently rendered the Greek Psalter by a substantive plus the genitive the personal pronoun - and that 8pite of common Greek usage. Although articles were sometimes omitted transmission, the trend was clearly the opposite direction this grammatical construction. om. 2149 S Ga L"

85:10

=

Hebrew influence can admittedly account for the absence of the majority of textual witnesses, but a more satisfactory explanation available now given support by Pap. 2149. As an epithet of the Deity, well attested in the Psalter, and indeed the rest of the Septuagint, (cf. Pss. 46:3, 47:2, 3, 76:14, 88:8, 94:3, 95:4, 98:2, 134:5, 144:3, 146:5, cf. further Pss. 20:6, 75:2, 98:3, 137:5). Moreover, 85:101 we find the phrase Consequently, it suggested that in 85:102 is secondary, and, more pa1'ticularly, was introduced here some mss due to the occurrence of this divine epithet elsewhere the Psalter andjor in 85:101.4.

V

Hehrew Influence in Pap. Chester Beatty

As was stated the preceding chapter, to distinguish between original readings and Hebraizing corrections often diflicult when one lacks hexaplaric signs or other clues. this section have been collected those variant readings in 2149 which could possibly be due to Hebraizing corrective activity, though many instances alternative and even superior explanations can readily be adduced.

77(78):28

=

2149

It not convincing to argue that 2149 introduced the singular pronoun the of the context since the latter in fact militates against Also noteworthy that which reflects a singular suffix as ,vel1, was left unaltered, making even more diflicult to understand. We are, therefore, faced with two feasible alternatives, either a pure mistake, which defies rational explanation (though possibly * (= > 01' it an isolated correction the basis of The situation ambiguous, and Hebraizing COlrection clearly not the only explanation for the variant of 2149. The formal agreement between papyrus and probably a coincidence.

77(78):51

2149 LaG = MT2mss

]

What we have here 2149 La G probably more than a stylistic variant or possibly just an ad sensum variant (cf. Though one cannot totally exclude the possibility of Hebrew in:fluence, such an explanation fails to convince since it is both unnecessary and because only two Hebrew manuscripts have a comparable reading. further relevance that Ps. 134:8 reads 4 For additional revisions in Rah1fs' edition of the Psalter see my "The Greek Psalter: Question Methodology and Syntax ", Vetus

(1976),

.co(

60-69.

•

f\\

8 ,...1. _11

8

G')

· ?.ci<' .

52

HEBREW INFLUENCE

77(78):72

HEBREW INFLUENCE

CHESTER

c.

2149

SaL R" Su 1219'

= MTmult. mss.

lust what Vrs BHS means at this point not clear. lt reasonab]y certain what happened the Greek textual traditions. Rahlfs undouhtedly correct regarding the plural as the reading. The singular was introduced under the influence of with the result that becomes an exact para11el to &XCXXLq: The same development occurred apparently part of the Hebrew tradition. posit Hebrew influence 2149 in 77:72 unwarranted. 78(79):10

2149 vid 2110

Sa GaAug

=

MTpc.

mA8.

Once again, to posit Hebrew influence would create more problems than it able to solve. The obviously secondary reading of 2149 was introduced 101 from 102, as Rahlfs indicated. 79(80):1

om. 2149 2110 S Ga

Lpau, =

(cf. 75:1)

The phrase question seems to be at least if one considers the sheer number of textual witnesses that support its presence. lt appears further unlikely that its omission could have been caused by a mechanical error, such as parablepsis. However, a number of considerations perhaps suggest that the absence may possibly constitute the text. terms of the contents of this community lament it not difficult to see that Ps. 79 became associated the invasion and the last years of the orthern fact it possible, as many commentators hold, that the Psalm was composed at that time. secondary associahowever, not to be ruled out. lt obvious from even a cursory of Greek Psalter mss. that the process of adding descriptions of various kinds to individual psalms continued the Greek environment. Moreover, the number and especia11y the qua1ity of Greek witnesses that omit the phrase impressive, notably the support of S, 2149, and 2110 (though S and 2110, and possibly 2149, contain some Hebraizing corrections). One must when a11 said and done, that Hebrew influence 79:1 a live option, but once distinctly not the option. 1 ('SwT 83(82):9 simply transliterated as 1 Titles the Greek Psalter need to he reinvestigated. Even Rahlfs is correct in stating that ascriptions to the etc. are pre-Christian, this

79(80):6

CHESTER

2149 2110 La G (eis)

53

=

Of interest is that 2110 reads for both and thus completely supporting this verse. There can be little doubt about the fact that the lectio difficiliOT and for that reason deserves serious consideration as the reading. secondary change to explainable terms of the context. For 2149 has (cf. 2110; eis La G = Whether the latter addition to be as a an attempt at correction, or even a partial survival of an original not c]ear. One be tempted to accept the lectio difficiliOT as the original reading, if its support were more substantial. As it the best as an instance of Hebrew influence. 83(84):12

What to mak.e of this which could be reflected in the

2149 vid L' ; lhlkym

difficult to say. does have case of 2149 and L'. regard

hy means proves that they are original. One must, furthermore, he suspicious titles that include words which are not (or rarely) found the rest the Psalter. case in point is which appears Ps. 90:1, 92:1, 94:1 (and as an ohviously secondary reading 91:1, 93:1, 95:1), hut elsewhere Pss. occurs only 8:3 where it translates The translator's word which he used at least 29 times including the title Ps. 144:1 = thlh ldwd). the latter verse, however, 11 L mss. suhstituted for course, is well enough attested in Greek literature, hut it needs to he emphasized that the translator the Psalter had little use for it. second example the same kind concerns the assignation certain Psalms to a particular event the life David. Whenever there an equivalent plus infinitive) we find the Greek either plus articular infinitive (50:1, 51:2, 53:2, 56:1, 62:1, 141:1) or plus finite verh (3:1, 33:1, 55:1, 58:1, 59:2), hut never plus finite verh. The latter conjunction appears exclusively in titles which have equivalent in (64:1, 92:1, 95:1, 96:1, 142:1, 151:1). Some secondary mixing and (understandahly) took place. It should he noted passing that is the much more commonly used conjunction. fact, LXX appears virtually exclusively Psalm titles. Why the translator the Psalter opted for place the far more common titles with the latter are indeed secondary impossihle to determine, just as it is not ohvious why he sometimes chose to use plus articular infinitive (two occurrences involve hyh: 63(62):1, 142 57(56):1). The pat(141):1 ; three bw': 51(50):1, 52(51):2, 54(53):2; one tern which is evidence is, however, considerahle interest and possihle text-critical significance. Once the Psalter we find (50:1), hut at this point has k'sr-b', - a fact which shows the care with which the translator sought to represent his

54

HEBREW INFLUENCE

CHESTER

HEBREW INFLUENCE

as the original reading with a secondary stylistic change seems unlikely view of the evidence. We are, therefore, left with three options: the dative represents a stylistic change (cf. the interchange of the diphthongs is palaeographic nature (cf. Introduction, 3), or the 2149 is attributable to Hebrew influence. 5ince the :first two are certainly adequate, one hesitates to resort to the last mentioned.

2149 R LaGAug Ga

84(85):3

'm(k)

Rahlfs equated with Whether we are to conclude that 2149 has undergone Hebrew influence at this point is quite another matter, of course. When the stich as a whole is taken into account it becomes clear that the change from to can hardly be considered anything other than a mere style. posit Hebrew influence is not only unnecessary, but fact quite unwarranted. 87(88):1

pr.

2149; ezraitae Ga (Vulg -ahi-) ; 'zr1;,y

87(88):6

om. 2149 2110 5a

55

CHESTER

GaAug L"

=

secondary addition of is unlikely. One would be hard pressed to present a rational argument its defense. One has to assume either that the Hebrew Vorlage differed at this point from or that the translator was responsible for the doublet as a of 1;,llym. ommission, however, is likely and quite understandable. The word question dispensable and its omission wouJd in fact represent a stylistic improvement. Once again Hebrew influence, though not impossible, is improbable. 2 The evidence for Hebrew influence 2149 is obviously not impressive. Though a number readings may be Hebraizing corrections, we have been able to uncover only one seemingly clearcutinstance, namely the addition of 87:1 with a resultant doublet in the text of 2149, but even here it should be noted a. that the correspondence between and 'zr1;,y is not exact, and b. that dittography of could have given rise to the reading of 2149.

The text of 2149 contains a doublet: the second element being absent from the Hebrew text. What we have is by all appearances an ironclad instance of Hebrew influence. Though the ultimate source of the addition is not doubt, the immediate is not entirely clear. 5ince, however, one hexaplaric witness (Ga) has a similar reading the plus may well have come from Hexapla. 87(88):3 5a R" (post 2110 5 GaAug L' 1219' =

om. 2149 (sed post

Rahlfs could be correct regarding as The evidence, at least apart from 2149 and 2110, is pretty evenly divided (note that and 5 part company at this point). If Rahlfs is indeed correct the omission may be due to Hebrew influence. However, with the additional evidence from a of the century A.D. (2110) as well as from the century papyrus 2149 the scale has tipped favour of an absence of with a secondary addition some manuscripts, perhaps part under the influence of 87:2.

2 L. Hedley thought (perhaps correctly) that a late sertion (" The Gottingen Investigation and Edition the Septuagint ", Theol. Review 26 (1933), 65).

r Textual Affiliations

Pap. Chester Beatty

All variations proper have been recorded the criticus of chapter including the common itacism r >L), but since Rahlfs did not consistently note vocalic interchanges this connection, afliliations of 2149 which involve the latter ought not command much attention. The picture not complete. the sequel, variant readings shared by 2149 and other textual witnesses will be placed under D.ve headings: singular agreements, subsingular agreements, i.e., readings shared by 2149 with members of one group plus scattered witnesses, C. agreements with members of one group plus a second group as well as scattered witnesses if such are present, D. agreements multiple relations. Here are placed agreements of 2149 with at least two textual groups. Finally, a list of unique readings 2149 supplied have thought it best fI'om the outset to indicate relationships with individual witnesses rather than merely with groups since most of the textual families the Psalter consist of few members, and are, furthermore, not as homogeneous as one might wish. Only textual witnesses fully or partially extant for Pss. 72:6-88:2 are adduced as group members. Singular agreements 1.

2.

S 2149 plus members of the lower Egyptian group 72:7 2149* 2149<' 77:8 2149 77:51 2149 77:58 2149 77:59 / tr. 2149 78:12 2149 82:12 2149; 2049;

2039 2049)

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

57

CHESTER

3.

2149 plus members of the western group (R LaR La G (Aug» 73:16 om. 2149 vid R: hapl. 77:26 om. 2149 R: 77:51 2149 La G M'f2 Itl88 : cf. 134:8

4.

2149 plu8 members of the hexaplaric group (Ga 87:1 pr. 2149; Ga

5.

2149 plus members of the L group (L Tht Sy (He) 1046 Su Rc) 74:1 tr. 2149 R La, c. var 2149 L' 82:5 82:11 2149; L' 83:6 2149; + Sy 83:12 2149 vid L' 86:7 2149 Sy 87:3 tr. 2149 Sy

(Vulg» Vulg);

+

6.

2149 plus members of the 78:6

group 1219 c. var 2149 55;

7.

2149 plus codices (2004 2016 2054 2056 2063 2070 2077 2078 2085 2096 2135 Vindob. G 35781) mstances.

Subsingular agreements 1.

S 2039 2049), plu8 2149, members of the lower Egyptian group scattered support 75:10 2149 LaHAug Sy 77:5 om. 2149 2110 2054 77:28 c. var 2149 S <13 204>; LpauTht p 77:32 om. 2149 La R He* 77:52 2149 Vindob. G35781 vid 77:55 2149; 2110 77:63 c. var 2149 2110 vid Vindob. G35781 vid Sa R Sy 77:66 2149 SaR R Lpau/sc 55: cf. 64 77:68 om. 2149 <274> 78:6 c. var 2149 55; 78:10 c. var 2149 vid 2110 Sa GaAug: cf. 10' 79:1 om. 2149 2110 S Ga Lpau 79:2 2149; 2110 S 80:9 (om. 2110) c. var 2149 2110 Sa He* 55; (om. LaRAug) (om. La G) LaG Lpau 82:8 2149 <113>; 2049; 82:10 2149 2049 2110 83:12 c. var 2149 2110 R 85:11 ciA-lj.&tcxv 2149; l

R

2149 plus members of the upper Egyptian group (2110 1093 Sa) 75:7 pr. 2149 2110 80:10 pr. 2149 2110 84:6 2149 2110 85:14 c.var 2149vid 2110

58

2.

3.

AFFILIATIONS

TEXTUAL APFILIATIONS OF

CHESTER

77:8 77:28 77:32 77:34 77:40 77:63

2149, members the upper Egyptiau group (2110 1093 Sa), plus seattered support 77:5 Tou] om. 2149 2110 2054 2149 2110 S' Sa 55 77:42 2149; 2110 77:55 77:66 2149 Sa B R Lpau, SC 55: cf. 64 Tou om. 2149 2110 S Ga Lpau, 79:1 79:2 2149; 2110 S 2149 2110 La G = 79:6 80:7 2149 2110 80:9 2110) var 2149 2110 Sa He* 55; (om. La R Aug) La G) LaG Lpau c. var 2149 2110 LpauTHe*vidRc 80:9 82:7 2149 2077 2110 2149 2049 2110 82:10 2149 2110 Sa <56 mss. > 86:6 2149, members the western group La R La G (Aug», plus 8cattered support 72:18 pr. 2149 Laa Sy 75:10 2149 LaRAug Sy 77:13 c. var 2149 S RLa G 2054; LaRAug Ga; sicut La G 77:32 om. 2149 La R He* 77:66 2149 Sa B R Lpau,so 55 : cf. 64 78:4 pr. 2149 R": 68:11 2149 2110 LaG 79:6 80:9 2110) c. var 2149 2110 Sa He* 55; LaRAug) La G) La G Lpau G + 2149 La Sy 83:12 84:3 2149 LaGAug Ga Sy 87:10 + 2149 La G et Cypriani codices peiorcs

4.

(Vulg», plU8 scattered 2149, members of the hexaplaric group (Ga support 77:40 om. 2149 GaAug cf. 17 79:1 om. 2149 2110 S Ga ,Lpau,

5.

2149, members the L group (L Tht Sy 1046 Su RO), plus scattered support 72:6 + 2149 2135 L" (non 1219; + Lpau: cf. 73:3 72:15 c. var 2149 LbT'HeRC 1219 55 72:18 pr. 2149 La R Sy; + 2149 L" 1219 72:22 2149 S L' 1219 75:10 2149 LaRAug Sy 76:1 tr. 2149 vid 2110 LaRAug L' 55 77:7 2149 2110 L' 2054: 71.2

77:66 78:6 78:8 79:1 79:10 80:6 80:9 80:15 81:2 81:4 83:4 83:11 83:12 84:9 85:7 85:11 86:4 87:1 87:5 87:8 88:1

59

CHESTER

2149 LTht P 2054 c. var 2149 S <13 204>; LpauTht p R om. 2149 La He* c. var 2149 2110 L'; 1219 om. 2149 GaAug 17 c. var 2149 2110 vid Vindob. G35781 vid Sa R Sy 2149 Sa B R Lpau,so 55: pr. 2149 2110 R L! 55 2149 S L" 1219' TOU om. 2149 2110 S Ga Lpau, 1) c. var 21492004 GaAug L" 1219: cf. 2149 2110 LdT"; illud GaAug c. var 2149 2110 LpauTHe*vidRc + &11 2149 L' 2149 2077 <58 mss.> + 2149 o:lau + L" 1219 2149 2110 L' + 2149 R L" 1219 + 2149 La G Sy 2149; L"; 211 c. var 2149 2110 L' pr. 2149 R" Ga L': 112 pr. 2149 L' 1219' 2149; LaSyt:x;t 88:1 S L' / tr. 2149 2110 S Ga L" 2149; LThtP ' 1219; <154 219>

6.

the group 1219 55), plus scattered support 2149, members 77:66 2149 Sa B R Lpaus c 55: cf. 64 c. var 2149 55; 78:6 80:9 -pouILIXL c. var 2149 2110 LpauTHeHidRc 81:4 2149 Lpau + L" 1219 85:11
7.

2149, codices mixti (2004 2016 2054 2056 2063 2070 2077 2078 2085 2096 Vindob. G35781), plus scattered 8Upport 2135 om. 2149 2110 2054 77:5 2149 Vindob. G35781 vid 77:52 82:7 2149 2077 2110

C. Agreements with members additional group 1.

group, (scattered support), plus

the lower Egyptian group 2149, members support), plus text group 72:22 2149 S L' 1219

S

2039 2049), (scattered

60

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

73:17 77:42 77:63

CHESTER

f, "'

c. var 2149 2063 : ex 171 2149 2110 S' Sa He 55 c. 2149 2110 vid Vindoh. G35781 vid

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

2.

3.

+

c. var 2149 5aI , Su 1219' 2149 cf. 68:11 2149 5 L" 1219' c. var 2149 vid 2110 5a GaAug: cf. 102 2149vid S L' tr. 2149 2110 S Ga L" 2149 5

2149, memhers of the L group (L Tht (He) 1046 Su HC), (scattered support), plus one text group 72:12 c. var 2149 2135 Ga L" 77:42 2149 2110 5' 5a He 55 79:14 2149 2004 L' 84:3 2149 La G Aug Ga 84:6 2149 2110 L" 85:11 pr. 2149 Ga L': cf. 112

6.

2149, memhers the group 1219 55), (scattered support), plus one text group 72:6 2149 2135 L" He) 1219; LPau: cf. 73:3 c. var 2149 1219' 72:15 72:18 + 2149 L" 1219 72:22 2149 5 L' 1219 76:1 tr. 2149vid 2110 LaRAug L' 55 77:34 c. var 2149 2110 L'; 1219 77:42 2149 2110 5' Sa He 55 78:6 pr. 2149 2110 L' 55 78:8 2149 5 L" 1219' 79:10 y'ijII c. var 2149 2004 GaAug L" 1219 (cf. 83:4 2149 2110 L' 83:11 2149 L" 1219 83:12 c. var 2149 2070 2110 85:7 c. var 2149 2110 L' 86:4 pr. 2149 L' 1219' 87:1 2149; L a 5 y txt ex 88:1 87:6 om. 2149 2110 Sa B * GaAug L" = 87:8 tr. 2149 2110 5 Ga L" 88:1 2149; LThtP' 1219; <154219>

pr.

+

2149, memhers the upper Egyptian group (2110 1093 5a), (scattered support), plus one text grouf 76:1 tr. 2149 vi 2110 LaRAug L' 55 77:7 2149 2110 L' 2054: cf. 71.2 77:34 c. 2149 2110 L'; 1219 77:63 c. var 2149 2110 vid Vindoh. G35781vjd 5a 78:6 pr. 2149 2110 R L' 55 = 78:10 c. var 2149 vid 2110 5a GaAug: cf. 102 83:12 c. var 2149 2070 2110 84:9 2149; L"; 2110 85:7 c. 2149 2110 L' 87:6 om. 2149 2110 Sa B* GaAug L" 87:8 tr. 2149 2110 S Ga L"

+

2149, memhers the western group La R LaG (Aug», (scattered support), plus one text group 72:12 C. 2149 2135 Ga L" 73:17 c. var 2149 2063 ex 171 76:1 tr. 2149 vid 2110 LaRAug L' 55 77:72 c. var 2149 5aL 1219' 78:6 pr. 2149 2110 L' 55 = 83:11 2149 L" 1219 83:12 c. var 2149 2070 2110 bPYLcr&7jI; 2149 2110 L" 84:6 85:11 pr. 2149 Ga L': cf. 112

7.

+

4.

61

5.

Sa 77:72 78:4 78:8 78:10 87:5 87:8 87:14

CHESTER

2149, memhers the hexaplaric group (Ga (Vulg», (scattered support), plus one text group 79:10 c. var 2149 2004 GaAug L" 1219: cf. 80:6 2149 2110 LdT": illud GaAug om. 2149 2110 Sa B * GaAug L" 87:6 87:8 tr. 2149 2110 5 Ga L"

2149, codices mixti (2004 2016 2054 2056 2063 2070 2077 2078 2085 2096 2135 Vindoh. G35781), (scattered support), plus one text group 77:7 2149 2110 L' 2054 (cf. 71'2) 77:8 2149 LTht P 2054 79:10 c. var 2149 2004 GaAug L" 1219: cf. 83:12 c. var 2149 2070 2110

D. Agreements 1.

i..

multiple relations

2149, memhers the lower Egyptian group 5 2039 2049), plus at least two text groups 73:8 Grahe Hahlfs <39> 2149 rel. 2110 LaG Ga LPo.u = 2149 rel. 75:12 77:5 2149 2110 5a

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

62

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

77:31 77:36 83:13 2.

+

et .&' teste Grabe Hahlfs = 2149 2110

Sa

Unique readings in 2149

c. var 2149 rel. 2149 rel. Ga L" 1219: ex 9

tlle upper Egyptian group (2110 1093 Sa), at least 2149, members two text gronps 73:8 Grabe Hahlfs <39> 2149 rel. 75:12 2110 La G Ga Lpau 2149 rel. 2149 2110 Sa 77:5 77:31 et .&' teste c. var 2149 rel. Grabe Hahlfs 2149 rel. 77:36 77:72 c. var 2149 SaL Sn 1219' 2149 2110 Sa Ga L" 1219: ex 9 83:13 2149 2110 L" 84:6 bpyta.&7JaTJl

+

3.

2149, members the western two text groups 73:8 Grabe Hahlfs <39> 75:12 2110 LaG Ga Lpan 77:5 2149 2110 Sa 77:31 et .&' teste 77:36 Grabe HahIfs 79:14 2149 2004 L' 83:13 2149 2110 Sa

+

4.

La R LaG (Aug»,

at least

2149 rel. 2149 rel. c. var 2149 rel. 2149 rel. Ga L" 1219: ex 9

2149, members the hexaplaric gronp (Ga (Vulg», plus at least two text groups 72:12 c. var 2149 2135 Ga L" 73:8 Grabe Hahlfs <39> 2149 rel. 77:36 Grabe Rahlfs = 2149 rel. 78:10 c. var 2110 Sa GaAug: cf. 102 83:13 2149 2110 Sa R" Ga L" 1219: ex 9

+

5.

2149, members the L group (L Tht Sy (He) 1046 Su RC), plus at least two text groups 73:8 Grabe Rahlfs <39> = 2149 rel. 2110 LaG Ga Lpan = 2149 rel. 75:12 77:31 et .&' teste = c. var 2149 rel. 77:72 c. var 2149 SaL R" Su 1219'

6.

2149, members the group 1219 55), plus at least two text groups Grabe Hahlfs <39> = 2149 rel. 73:8 2110 LaG Ga LP8U = 2149 rel. 75:12 et .&' teste = c. var 2149 rel. 77:31 Grabe HahIfs = 2149 rel. 77:36 c. var 2149 SaL R" Su 1219' 77:72 83:13 2149 2110 Sa R" Ga L" 1219: ex 9 84:6 bpyta.\YijI,; 2149 2110 R" L"

+

CHESTER

CHESTER

2149c 72:7 72:10 tr. 2149 72 :26 2149 73:1 2149 73:1 2149 73:3 om. 2149 73:6 2149 73:10-11 om. 2149 73:14 2149 73:14 2149 73:17 2149 73:19 -\10\1 2149 73 :19 2149 73 :21 2149vid 74:4 2149 74:7 2149vid 74:7 2149 74:10 75:1 2149 75:2 2149 2149 75:3 75:8 2149 75 :10 eU.&'tI,; 2149 75:13 2149 75 :13 2149 77:1 77:4 oc\locyy. 2149 77:7 2149 77 :12 2149 77 :13 2149 77 :23 2149 77 :28 2149 77:31 om. 2149 77:39 2149 77:44 2149 2149 _. 2149 2149 77:68 77 :71 2149 2149 77:72 78:5 ( 2149 om. 2149 78:10 78:11 om. 2149 78:12 om. 2149 79:2 2149 79:2 2149

+

2149

63

64

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

79:3 79:3 79:5 79:6 79:8 79:9 79 :13 79:15 80:9 80 :10 80 :12 81 :3-4 81:6 82:2 82 :7 82:8 82:9 82:11 82 :12 82 :12 82 :12 82 :15 83:6 83:8 83:9 83:10 83:11 83:11 83 :13 84:1 84:8 84:9 84:9 84 :10 84:12 84 :13 8.5:2 85:6 85:8 85:11 85:11 85 :12 86:1 86:2 86:4 86:5 86:6 86:6

CHESTER

TEXTUAL AFFILIATIONS OF

2149 vid 2149

87:1 87:1 87:1 87:1 87:1 87:2 87:2 87:2 87:9 87:9 87 :14 87 :19 88:1

2149 2149 2149 2149 2149* om. 2149 2149 2149 2149

+

+ +

om. 2149 2149 2149

65

CHESTER

2149

+

2149. 2149 2149 ... 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 om. 2149vid 2149 ..... 2149

2149

summary the textual picture looks as follow$ :

2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 om. 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 om. 2149 2149 2149* 2149 2149 om. 2149 vid 2149 2149 2149 om. 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149

Singular agreements Lower Egyptian group : Upper Egyptian group : Western group: Hexaplaric group : L group: group: Codices mixti:

C. Various agreements 1. Lower Egyptian group 2. Upper Egyptian group 3. Western group + : 4. Hexaplaric group + : 5. L group 6. group +: 7. Codices mixti + :

+: +:

7 4

3 1 7 1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

D. 11 11 9 4 6 19 4

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Unique readings:

2149

+

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149 2149

Suhsingular agreements Lower Egyptian btroup + Upper Egyptian group + Western group Hexaplaric group + : L group +: group +: Codices mixti + : Multiple agreements Lower Egyptiau group Upper Egyptian group Western group Hexaplaric group + : L group +: group +:

107

: :

+: +:

18 13

11 2 34 6

3

6 8 7 5 4 7

,7'

66

AFFILIATIONS OF

CHESTER

Statistics do not, of course, tell the whole story. When one examines the kinds of variants under which 2149 shares with members of the lower Egyptian text group, particularly with there little doubt that the latter deserves to be at the top of the list. Though L equal numbers, the variant readings it shares with 2149 are not impressive. Moreover, 3 out of the 7 instances one can hardly speak of agreements with L since only a few isolated witnesses attest the reading question. As one broadens the scope the picture changes to some degree, but at the same time decreases preClSlon. It quite clear that 2149 does not align itself with any particu1ar text group. Significant it however, that 2149, under shares 34 readings with L, and it should be noted that all but 9 volve the L group as such, and not merely some of its stray members (with which count Lpau). Whether this group manifests with any degree of consistency the Lucianic characteristics as we know them Samuel-Kings for the moment an open question. It must be emphasized, however, that L deserves more serious attention for the reconstruction of the Old Greek text than Rahlfs, due to his presuppositions (cf. Prolegomena § 9.1.3), was to it - though it striking to find how many occasions he did in fact adopt an L reading as 1

-

'"

.....

'-D

cJ .....

i'-

oi

-

00 00

cJ ......

00 i'00

1 Aheady 1933 L. Hedley wrote, "The main featnre Rahlfs's principles of recension is the low value assigned to the Lucianic recension ",

cit.

69.

..------..--... Chester Beatty

L.

(2149)

t

'sd

t

9

t 'sd

8

>......

'-'

t-

'i' ...... '.D

'"

!<'\

......

00

......

. -'"

...


.2:!

'"

PSALTER INDEX: CHAPTERS III-V (Discussions

Chester Beatty

(2150)

Ps. 26: 8-14; Ps. 2: 1-8

2:2 • 2:6 • 3:1 . 3:3 . 3:5 . 5:6 • 5:9 • 6:5 . 7:14 8:3 . 9:2,12 9:20 • 9:25,34 14:4 15:1 . 15:8 . 17:7 . 17:23,25 17:38 •. 18:15 . . 20:6 . _ 21:28,30 22:3 22:5 . 22:6 . 23:1 . 24:7,11 25:3 25:7 . 26:4 . 26:5 . 26:11 . 29:8 • 30:4 . 30:12,13 30:20 . 31:9 33:1 . .

vanants are indicated by bold face print.)

39

· · ·

·

·

·

·

48 53 39 39,48 40 41, 48 49 48 48, 53 45 41 40 41 48 40 41 40 43,44 41 50 41 49 40,41 45 45 48 40 45 38,45 38 48 44 49 44 41 38 42,53

34:5 35:2 35:3 35:4 36:25 • 37:10 . 37:12 . 37:15 • 37:18 . 38:2 . 38:6 • 39:9 . 40:13 . 43:3 . 43:16 . 43:23,27 44:5 . 46:3 . 47:2,3 47:12 • 48:2 49:3 49:8 50:1 50:5 50:6 50:8,21 51:2 . 51:11 . 53:2 • 53:5 . 55:1 . 55:14 . 56:1 56:2 56:7 57:8 58:1

42 40 41 47 44 · 41,42 42 44 41 41 40 47 41 48 41 49 49 50 50 49 48 · 42,43 40 53 40 41 47 53 41 53 40 53 41 53 43 42 · 43,44 53

78

59:2 59:9 60:8 61:9 62:1 64:1 67:4,5 67:8 . 67:11,17 68:8,19 68:9,12 68:20 . 68:23 . 69:3 . 70:7 . 70:18 . 71:5,9,17 71:7 . 71:14 • 72:14 . 72:16 . 72:17 • 72:22 . 73:1 . 73:17 . 74:3,4 75:2 • 75:8 • 75:13 • 76:3 . 76:14 . 77:2,6 77:10 • 77:12 . 77:16 • 77:28,51 77:54 • 77:72 . 78:9,13 78:10 . 78:11 • 79:1 79:3 . 79:6 . 79:10 . 81:2 . 82:13 . 82:14 •

INDEX

INDEX

53 48 41 41 53 53 41 41 45 49 44 41 42 47 44 · 43,44 42 43 41 44 • 40, 41, 43 · 43,44 · 44,45 49 48 45 50 42 46 · 41,47 50 46 · 47,48 41 48 51 48 52 49 52 42 52 · 42,43 53 42 39 48 42

83:5 83:9 83:12 . 84:3 . 84:14 . 85:9 . 85:10 • 85:14 • 86:3,6 87:1 87:2 87:3 87:5 87:6 88:8 88:37 • 89:4,8 90:1 90:8 . 92:1 93:1 • 93:13,15 94:1 94:3 94:6 94:7 95:1 95:4 95:6,13 96:1 96:3 . 96:8 . 97:2,9 97:6 . 97:7 98:2,3 99:2 99:3 . 99:9 . 100:3,7 101:1 • 101:7 . 101:8 . 101:29 103:4,29 103:9 •. 104:2 •. 104:9,31,33

· ·

. 48, ·

·

· ·

·

· · ·

45 52 53 39,54 42,43 42 50 40 39 54, 55 41,54 54 44 55 50 41 41 45,53 41 53 53 43,44 53 50 42,43 49 53 50 42 53 42,43 49 41 42 45 50 42 49 48 40 42,43 44 44,45 42,48 46 48 45 48

104:17 105:8 . 105:23 105:46 106:34 107:9 . 108:15 108:21 108:25 109:1 . 111:8 . 113:11 114:9 •. 115:6,9 . 117:23 118:46,168 118:83 . 118:169,170 121:8 . 122:1 • 122:2 . 129:5 . 131:4 .

.

42 49 42 · 42,43 45 48 41 49 44 • 43,44 43 47 · 42,43 41 41 41 44 42 49 45 · 43,44 49 41

131:5 • 131:8,18 131:10 134:5 . 134:8 . 137:1 • 137:5 • 140:2 . 140:10 141:1 . 141:3 . 141:8 . 142:1 • 142:2 . 142:11 144:1 . 144:3 . 144:5 . 146:5 • 147:3 • 147:6 . 151:1 •

79

43 48 49 50 51 41 50 42 · 43,44 53 • 42,43 · 43,44 53 42 49 53 50 45 50 48 42 53

...

'}"-