Історія педагогіки. 4-е видання.Навчальний посібник

М. В. ЛЕВКІВСЬКИЙ ІСТОРІЯ ПЕДАГОГІКИ 4-те видання, стереотипне Навчальний посібник Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти ...

Author: Левківський М.В.

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М. В. ЛЕВКІВСЬКИЙ

ІСТОРІЯ ПЕДАГОГІКИ 4-те видання, стереотипне Навчальний посібник

Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України як навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів

Київ «Центр учбової літератури» 2011

ББК 74.03я73 Л 37 УДК 33(075.8) Гриф надано Міністерством освіти і науки України (Лист № 22/2117 від 03.07.2003 р.) Рецензенти: Л.В. Артемова – доктор педагогічних наук, професор; А.В. Іванченко – доктор педагогічних наук, професор; А.Й. Сиротенко – доктор педагогічних наук, професор

Л 37

Левківський М.В. Історія педагогіки: Навч.метод. посібник. Вид. 4те,. Навч. пос. – К.: Центр уч бової літератури, 2011. – 190 с.

ISBN 9789663645544 Матеріали посібника вміщують набутки з історії освіти й виховання з позицій соціо культурного підходу у відповідності з програмою “Історія педагогіки” для вузів. Врахову ючи специфіку оцінювання пізнавальної діяльності студентівзаочників розроблена система модулів з вартісною оцінкою всіх видів діяльності студентів (практичних, проблемних і творчих завдань та тестів для самоконтролю). Адресується студентам і викладачам педагогічних ВНЗ та педагогічних коледжів.

ББК 74.03я73 © Левківський М.В., 2011. © Центр учбової літератури, 2011

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%25#; -*1%;, $!2!:12&#; 4*' %,!*+&%/ !;%F12# )12D#$ )%21%*G,"&#$ 2%:. )2%!46(!*!' :%;)*1:&! #1;! &!5!&&' – )2#&,#) )%=(4%# -;( %#, %2A!&-!,/ )2%,1( &!5!&&', :%&,1&2%!&%A% &!:%*% 2#6&1%/ 1;# (&!)2#:*!4, 4#'5#$ &121 ! &!$#*, %-&!"%;*1&&' - )1&#; :%*%; 6#L#$ '#C, #51&&' 24&%A% :2!G, #:%&!&&' )2!:#5&#$ -!4!&+ %C%). 2!4'&+:" D:%* )4 ,#; )%&''; 2%-(;*%' 2(4%1 %-&!"%;*1&&' 41" )2#2%4%G ! ()*+&#; 1214%#C1;, C% /$ %%5(L ()2#2%4! – )2!,' – ()*+%). !;1 !:( $1;( =(*% )%:*!41&% %&%( &!5!*+&#$ )*!& )2%A2!; 1922/23 &!5!*+&%A% 2%:( ( 126!&%G 51&%G 2!4%G) ( %/. %*%&%G 1214 &#$ =(*! “ ;”, %=% #51&&' 2(4%%/ 4'*+&% *G4#&#. :#&1 %-&!"%;*1&&' - 2(4%#; 6#'; ()2%%46(!*%' #51&&'; )2#2%4&#$ (;% -!L;%4&%#& *G4#&# 4%:**' (“ ”), %-&!"%;*1&&' - ()*+&#;# 4&%#&!;# (“ ”). !:, ( )12D%;( :*! #5!*%' 2(4%1 6#' ;’/, ( 42(A%;( – 6#' 1*! !=% ;!, ( 21+%;( – A%)%4!2% ;,1%A% :2!G, 5112%;( – 4126!&1 A%)%4!2% " 1:%&%;5&1 6#' . %;)*1:& )2%A2!;#, C% 2%-2%=*'*#+ &! :2!/&, =(*# )2';%!& )1214(; &! :*!%1 #$%!&&', ':%A% 4 D:%*# #;!A!*# )!2' (2'4. 1 ()!*% A%2 ()1215&% - )%*%61&&'; !;#$ )2%A2!;. !6:% =(*% )2#%(!# 4% :%;)*1: )%*#5& )#!&&', )%''-!# /$ - 4#'5#; :%;(&#5&#; 2($%;, “)%*:%;)*1:%;”, “:%;)*1:%; %$%2%&# -4%2%’'”. 20- 2%:# )14!A%A!;# :2!/&# :%;)*1: 2%-A*'4!' ': 4=#' &1A2%!&%A% )2#"&'' 4##&%G %%5(G5%A% (, ! -!4!&&'; D:%*# =(*% %-&!"%;## 4##&( - %;, C% // %%5(L. ! )%5!:( 30-$ 2%: &! )12D1 ;,1 =(*% )%!*1&1 )2%*1!2+:1 :%;(&#5&1 %%51&&' – )!2', :%;%;%*, 4#'5#" 2($, 2!4#, )2%F)*:#, #2%=&#,%, :%*A%)#. !: :!24#&!*+&% -;&GL+' )!2!4#A;! %#: 4 4##&# ': ,1&2( )14!A%A5&%A% )2%,1( D:%*! )121"D*! 4% #(&1&&' &! )1214&" )*!& %%51&&', )2#5%;( ( :2!" )%*#-%!&%;( 2%-(;&&. 20- 2%:# ( )2%4& )14!A%A# )121"D*# &! 21F*1:%*%A5& )%-#,/. !; 12;& “ ! G%” )2%!4# ( &!(:%#" %=A .1$12L ( 2%=% “ - - -; +

-/ >’C -/ 0/ > 0< /” (1930). (&+ 21F*1:%*%A/ )%*'A!L %;(, C% ' )%14&:! *G4#&#, )%5#&!G5# 1*1;1&!2&#$ %2A!&5&#$ 21!:," -!:&5(G5# &!":*!4&D#;# !:!;# %25%, -%4#+' 4% 21F*1:. 1F*1:%*%A' =(*! A%*%&#; F(&4!;1&%; 4*' 2%-#:( )14%*%A/. !+ +%A%4& !6:% )2%1# 5:( ;16( ;6 21F*1:%*%ALG " )14%*%ALG, =% 4%; 51& %A% 5!( – .!*(6&#", .%:%*'&+:#", .2%%)%)%, .%*%4#;#2+:#" –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– ,1&2 &!5!*+&%-#$%&%A% )2%,1(. 41/ 4!*# -&!5&( )42#;:( " )%D#21&&' C1 &!)2#:&, – )%5. . 15/ “G H%”, 21)21-1&%!&" .M12'L2%;, . 1:2%*, 6. +G/, .%&1%2, .!L; ! &. %&# 4%G!*# 41G 2%-(;%%A% 2%-#:( 4##&# -! “,1&2!;# &121(” !6!*#, C% // #$%!&&' ;!L =(# )2';%!&1 &! F%2;(!&&' ,*&%/ *G4+:%/ %%=#%. :2!/& )#!&&' *+&%A% #$%!&&', )14%,1&2#-;( )%D#2G!*#+ ( %25% @. 1)A#, .(%%/, ': *G!*# /$ ( 6#' )12%4 #-%*+&#$ -;!A!&+ 164

(:2!/&+:%A% &!2%4( 1917–1920 22. !;1 &! %&% ,L/ :%&,1),/, 41 4##&! !6!*!' ,1&2%; (+%A% &!5!*+&%-#$%&%A% )2%,1(, 2%-#!*!' )14%*%A'. 14%*%A' #4*#*! 4##&% ': %:21;#" )1,#F5&#" )12%4 6#L4'*+&% *G4#&#, 2%-A*'4!*!, #5!*! "%A% - ($ =%: — ( F*%A1&1- " %&%A1&1-. !;1 6#L4'*+&+ 4##&# ( $ // #'!$ !*! %='L:%; )214;1%; )14%*%A/. 1924 2. =( -4"&1&#" )121$4 4 41"&#$ )%D(:, &!(:%#$ 4#:(" 4% &!''-(!&&' )14%*%A!; :*!%%-)!2"&%/ %5:# -%2( &! ,G &1A2%!&( &!(:(. %;( )14%*%A' !#+ )1214 %=%G -!4!&&' 4%*461&&' “%,!*+&%-:*!%%A%”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“ B- B-- * ! * ” -!A!* -&#:!L ': &!(:!. 2. A 30-'! #1;! %# :2!/& 20- 2%:# 4%:%2&&% 42-&'*!+ 4 2%"+:%/. @: (61 =(*% :!-!&%, &! :2!/& -!124#*# #1;( %#, ':! :*!4!*!+ - 1;#25&%/ D:%*# 4%$ :%&,1&2 (1-A% – 5%#2# 2%:# &!5!&&', 2-A% – 2#) " )2%FD:%*#. ,1" 5! ( %/ :*!*!' !:! #1;! %#: )%5!:%! D:%*! ( ()&+) – 4 2%:# &!5!&&'; 1;#25&! D:%*! ': F(&4!;1& L/ D:*+&%/ #1;#; D:%*! ()1&' (41''#25&! 1214&' D:%*!); F!=2#5&%--!%4+: 1;#25:#; D:%*# 1*'&+:%/ ;%*%4; D:%*# F!=2#5&%--!%4+:%A% (5&!; 2%=#" F!:(*+1. 1214#& 20-$ 2%: (2'4 !4'&+:%/ %/ 2D(51 -;&GL %G !:#:( C%4% &D#$ 2!4'&+:#$ 21)(=*:. :& 1930 2. &! 1%G-&" )!2"&" &!2!4 &!2:%; %# :2!/&# .:2#)&#: #()# - )2%)%-#,LG (&F:!,/ #1;# &!2%4&%/ %# , %=b2(&%(G5# ,1 #;, C% “,+%A% #;!A!L L4#&#" )*!& A%)%4!2+:%/ )121=(4%# ”. !:#; 5#&%;, )%()%% F%2;%!&#" &!)2#:&, 20-$ 2%: %!*!2&#" 216#; *:4(! (:2!/&+:( %&G )1,#F:( 2!;:!$ -!A!*+&%%G-&%/ (&F:!,/ #1;# %#. 2# ,+%;( -! -21,+ =(*% -'%, -#5!"&%, 2%"+:( #1;( &!2%4&%/ %#. !:#; -;&!; !:%6 )2#'*# )%!&%# (=) )2% %2A!&-!,G -; 2%=%# 2!4'&+:%/ D:%*#. 5 121&' 1931 2%:( (=) )2#"&' )%!&%( “ B -= 9”, ':" -%=%''-! &!2:%;%# 21)(=*: &1A!"&% 2%-)%5!# 2%=%( )% :*!4!&&G &%#$ &!5!*+&#$ )*!& )2%A2!;, C% -!=1-)15#*# = -!%L&&' (5&';# %&% &!(: 4)%4!*# = -!4!&&'; )%*1$&5&%A% &!5!&&', ':1 )%#&&% -4"&G!#+ &! %&% %)!&(!&&' (5&';# -!A!*+&%%&$ 4#,#)*&, -''-:( 1%2/ - )2!:#:%G, #51&&' %&% #2%=&#,!.

165

14%- )*' ,L/ )%!&%# =(*# -!12461& &% &!5!*+& )*!&#, )%=(4%!& &! %&% )214;1&%A% #:*!4!&&', 141& &% )2%A2!;# - %&%&#$ &!5!*+&#$ )214;1, ':#$ C1 =(*% =!A!% 12"%-&#$ &14%*:. 25 12)&' 1932 2%:( (=) )2#"&' )%!&%( “ - B - * D* B : -: 9”. !&%G )%!&%%G =(*% -!(461&% :%;)*1:&( #1;( &!5!&&', =2#A!4&%-*!=%2!%2&#" ;1%4, ;1%4 “,*#$ *” ( &!5!&& A2!;%#, &14%%,&:( :*!&%-(2%5&%/ #1;# &!5!&&'. #;!A!*%+, C%= %&%&%G F%2;%G &!5!*+&%/ 2%=%# ! (2%: - !*#; :*!4%; (5& !=*+&#; 2%-:*!4%;; )2# &!5!&& )%#&1& #:%2#%(!#+ #1;!#5&#" #:*!4 (5#1*1; ;!12!*(, !;%"& ! *!=%2!%2& 2%=%#, 1::(2/. )%!&% 4!!*#+ )2#&,#)% :!-:# C%4% %=*:( -&!&+ (5&. 1:%;1&4(!*%+ )2%%4## &4#4(!*+&#" #1;!#5&#" %=*: -&!&+. (=) 21:%;1&4(! !2:%;%( )1212%=## &!5!*+& )2%A2!;# 4% 1 5&' 1933 2%:( 4*' %A%, C%= -!=1-)15## “4"&% ;,&1 #1;!#5&1 -!%L&&' 4+;# %&% &!(:.” @: (61 -!-&!5!*%+, ( 20- 2%:# &! :2!/& 4=(!' &1&#&#" 2%-#%: )14%*%A/. (=) )%!&% 4 4 *#)&' 1936 2%:( “ B- B-- * ! * ” #:2# )14%*%AG D:4*#( 4'*+&+ )14%*%A, :!-!, C% %&# =!-(G+' &! !&#&!(:%#$, !&#;!2:#+:#$ )%*%61&&'$. !(4#D# )14%*%A5& )121:2(51&&', (=) %/" )%!&% #;!A! “4&%## )%&G )2!!$ )14!A%A:( )14!A%A”, :!-! &! &1%=$4&+ 2%-#:( ;!2:#+:%/ &!(:# )2% 41". 61, 1936 2%:%; 4!(L+' %!&&' -A!4:! )2% )14%*%AG. %&! -&#:!L )14!A%A5&%A% &1=%$#*(, ! 2!-%; - &1G )2#)#&'G+' =(4+-': #51&&' :%#$ ! &4#4(!*+&#$ %%=*#%1" 41" -!A!*. 3. < ( 40–50-'! )

1)2% #)2%=(!&&' )2%"D*! 5#-&'&! D:%*! 2%:# 42(A%/ %%/ "&#. !;%A% )%5!:( "&# 41':# #'5 5#1* (5& !2D#$ :*! 4%=2%*+&% )D*# &! F2%& - -=2%LG 2(:!$ -!$#C!# 5#-&(. '6:#$ (;%!$ %L&&%A% 5!( )%5!*!' )4A%%:! 4% )%5!:( 1941/42 &.2. 1A% 121&' 1941 2%:( )%5!*#+ -!&'' 2!"%&!$ :2!/&#, ': &1 =(*# %:()%!& (41': 2-&# %&=!(, 41!, 1!%)%*+, 41': 2!"%&# 12&A+:%/ (;+:%/ %=*!1"). 5& D:* :2!/&#, ': 1!:(G!*#' &! $4, )%5!*# 1941/42 &.2. ( D:%*!$ &D#$ 21)(=*: – %/, (2:;1&/, !-!$!&, 2(-/. 23 5&' 1942 2%:( #$%4#+ %!&%! !4&!2:%;( “ + 0 > > + >+ - = :”. 2# %=*!&#$ :2!"%#$ #:%&:%;!$ %2G!*#+ :%;/ 4*' =%2%+=# - =1-)2#(*+&G, )2#(*:# 2%-)%4*+&#:# 4*' 41"-#2 =1-)2#(*+&#$, 4#'5 =(4#&:#. *' )4*:, ': 2%:# "&# -!*#D#*# &!5!&&' )D*# )2!,G!#, 1943 2%, =(*# %21& 152& D:%*#. 1943 2%:( )%5!*%+ 4&%*1&&' 2%=%# D:* 2!"%&!$ :2!/&#, #-%*1&#$ 4 %:()!&. 31 A2(4&' 1943 2%:( !4&!2:%; )2#"&' )%!&%( “ -+ ;= > : * 7–15 - = +

- --* + - > '+ + - - B --”. 31 121&' 1944 2%:( &! )121!6&" =*+D% 12#%2/ :2!/&# 4&%#*!+ 2%=%! D:*. 1943/44 &.2. &! :2!/& =(*% 12802 D:%*#, ':#$ &!5!*%+ 1770179 (5&. 1944/45 &.2. =(*% -!)2%!461&% %=%''-:%1 &!5!&&' 41" ( D:%*!$, )%5#&!G5# - 1;#25&%A% :(, C% )2#'*% *:4!,/ 2%-2#( ;6 4%D:*+&#;# (!&%!;# D:%*%G. 12)& 1943 2%:( =(*# )2#"&' “ B- ”, ':#$ #-&!5!*#+ /$ %=%''-:# 166

)2!#*! )%14&:#. 1943/44 &.2. D:%*!$ =(*% -!)2%!461&% ,#F2%( )''#=!*+&( #1;( %,&:# ()D&% ! )%14&:# (5&. 21 512&' 1944 2%:( !4&!2:%; )2#"&' )%!&%( “ + 0 9-- - B -- 9”, -A4&% - ':%G 4*' (5&, ': -!:&5#*# )%5!:% 1;#25& D:%*#, %4#*#+ #)(:& 1:-!;1&#, ! !:%6 1:-!;1&# &! !1! -2*% 4*' #$ (5&, ': -!:&5#*# 1214&G D:%*(. LG )%!&%%G !:%6 =(*% -!)2%!461&% &!A%2%461&&' #)(:&#: 1214&+%/ D:%*# -%*%#;# 2=&#;# ;14!*';#. *' -!:&51&&' "&# :2!/& 2%-)%5!*!' 4=(4%! &!2%4&%A% A%)%4!2!, 4&%*1&&' 2%=%# -!A!*+&%%&+%/ D:%*#. 1949 2%, =(*% -!)2%!461&% %=%''-:%1 -!A!*+&1 1;#25&1 &!5!&&'. 1956 2%, =( %21&#" &%#" #) D:%*# – D:%*!-&12&!, :(4# )2#";!*#+ 4# %4#&%:#$ ;!12, &!*4, #2%#. 12$%&! !4! 24 A2(4&' 1958 2%:( )2#"&'*! -!:%& “ +*;--- + '+ 9 + D * 9: + * ”. !:%&%; -!)2%!46(!*!+ -!A!*+&! %=%''-:%! %+;#25&! %!. A4&% - ,#; -!:%&%; !&%*1&% &%( #1;( D:*+&%/ %#: -!A!*+&! %=%''-:%! %+;#25&! D:%*! 4*' 41" :%; 4 7 4% 15–16 2%:; )%&! 1214&' 4*' )4*: ;%*%4 15–18-25&%A% :( ( 41&& 1214& D:%*#, 152& /-;&&/ " -!%5& 1214& D:%*# )2!,GG5%/ ;%*%4); D:%*#-&12&!#, )1,!*+& D:%*#-&12&!# 4*' 41" !4!;# F-#5&%A% 2%-(;%%A% 2%-#:(; 1$&:(;# ! &D 1214& #C &!5!*+& -!:*!4#. %*%&#; )121=(4% #1;# &!2%4&%/ %# =(*% )%L4&!&&' &!5!&&' )2%4(:#&%G )2!,1G. 15–16 2%: ' ;%*%4+ )%#&&! =(*! :*G5!#' )%#*+&( ()*+&%-:%2#&( )2!,G. 4. 60-'! !6*##; -!4!&&'; ( A!*(- &!2%4&%/ %# ( 60- 2%:# =(*% -4"&1&&' :2!/& -!A!*+&%/ %=%''-:%%/ 1214&+%/ %#, )121$4 D:%*# &! &%#" -; %#, (4%:%&!*1&&' &!5!*+&%A% )2%,1( #$%!&&' (5&. 2%,1 141&&' -!A!*+&%/ %=%''-:%%/ 1214&+%/ %# #2D1&% =(*% -4"&## :*+:! 1!). ,LG ;1%G 1&2!*+&#" %;1 )!2/ !4! &2 )2#"&'*# 2'4 )%!&%. %!&%%G !4# &2 4 10 12)&' 1964 2. “ +*- *- - B -- -0 + - -0 0 0-B-0 9 0 +

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187

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188

НАВЧАЛЬНЕ ВИДАННЯ

Михайло Васильович ЛЕВКІВСЬКИЙ

ІСТОРІЯ ПЕДАГОГІКИ Навчальний посібник Керівник видавничих проектів – Б. А.Сладкевич Друкується в авторській редакції Дизайн обкладинки – Б. В. Борисов Підписано до друку 01.10.2010. Формат 70x100 1/16. Друк офсетний. Гарнітура PetersburgC. Умовн. друк. арк. 12. Наклад 500 прим.

Видавництво “Центр учбової літератури” вул. Електриків, 23 м. Київ, 04176 тел./факс 4250134, тел. 4516595, 4250447, 4252063 88005016800 (безкоштовно в межах України) email: [email protected] сайт: WWW.CUL.COM.UA Свідоцтво ДК №2458 від 30.03.2006

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