Мир лесных растений

? ! "# $%&# ## ' (Pinus sylvestris) ( $%&# ## ' (Picea abies) )$ (Quercus robur) * & " # ' (Tilia cordata) # " " #%+ (A...

Author: Петров В.В.

67 downloads 190 Views 860KB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

? ! "# $%&# ## ' (Pinus sylvestris) ( $%&# ## ' (Picea abies) )$ (Quercus robur) * & " # ' (Tilia cordata) # " " #%+ (Acer platanoides) , - * " ' (Betula pendula) $ - *). " ' (Betula pubescens) " # (Populus tremula) (/ " ' (Alnus incana) 0 .# &, 1 # (Corylus avellana) " ( "# ' (Lonicera xylosteum) ). # & ' (Frangula ainus) , "& $ %+ (Euonymus verrucosa) 22 (# & $%&# ##%+ (Juniperus communis) ,)- # & "# ' (Sambucus racemosa) # $%&# ## ' (Viburnum opulus) ( %& (Daphne mezereum). # $%&# ## ' (Rubus idaeus) 0 # & (Vaccinium myrtillus) $ )"# & (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) &#'#& $%&# ## ', 2(' '3 ( 3ctostaphylos uva-ursi) ## ' " # ' (Linnaea borealis) "& $%&# ##%+ (Calluna vulgaris) 4 5$& - # # ' (Chimaphila umbellata) ! ! " 6 $%&# ## ' (Oxalis acetosella) # & * +"& + (Trientalis europaea) +# & ) " #%+ (Maianthemum bifolium) 7 ). #& & )3 " # ' (Pyrola rotundifolia) # 6 & " " %+ (Actaea spicata) # 6 & (Moneses uniflora) "& $ 3 # ', * # # 6 (Hepatica nobilis) )# $) #%+ (Lycopodium clavatum) ('## & )3 + (Melampyrum pratense) 7) ( * -) ' (Goodyera repens) 8 (# & $%&# ##%+ (Hypopitys monotropa) *% #( * +"& + (Asarum europaeum) " & " " ' (Carex pilosa) #% ( $%&# ## ' (Aegopodium podagraria) 4 # )& 2 %+ (Galeobdolon luteum) )# 6 # '"# ' (Pulmonaria obscura) 9 & ) (# ' (Viola mirabilis) # 6 5 & ' (Anemone ranunculoides)

/

& 7 (Corydalis halleri) "# & # 3 # + (Mercurialis perennis) # %. +"& + (Convallaria majalis) & " .)+ %+ (Lathraea squamaria) )* # & " ## ' (Polygonatum officinale) 7# - & # " '1 ' (Neottia nidus-avis) 5$& ) " # ' (Platanthera bifolia) 1 - )51 + (Equisetum hiemale) %2# & 2 #"& + (Athyrium filix-femina) '& $%&# ##%+ (Pteridium aquilinum) $ ) - %+ (Rhodobryum roseum) # ) (# & % % Mnium) & ) $ " '1 + (Hylocomium splendens) ) (Ptilium crista castrensis) 6 ) #%+ (Climacium dendroides) : 3#) ( % Sphagnum) ; ' # ' (# & % % Cladonia) < ' " # "& ' (Cetraria islandica) ( 3 (Peltigera canina) ' - ) ' (Parmelia physodes) 0"# ' $ ' (Usnea barbata) * 3 :"& + . +# & (Graphis scripta) 7 , ## 3 $%. 7 $% # $% # + : % "# #%+ 3 $ (Marasmius scorodonius) " & $%&# ## ' (Phallus impudicus) 7 $%- +# & * " # & (Helvella infula) ) & " #%+ (Laetiporus sulphureus) 9 " ) # * # # ' (Fistulina hepatica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

*

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

*

" . " - " " 5#% 6 %" + # $ * ) . " 6 $ & )*#% , # # * %. 51 * #% %" % - " %/, #"& / ( . " " , # * " # " 5 (#% ' )" "# + " (# " . $8'"#' "' = , % 6 # " 5 "' " ' # & % * %" # $ -)5 * " '## 3 ' )" "). = # -# , # * & # ( # $ 1 5 # # '. * , 3 " 3 ) % 5 & & 2#)5 " " #)5 " ( "# 3 : 6 # - , ( = - "# $) )1 3 " . " % )$& " %/ ( #'&, " 3 " # # 3 , 2 $ ( # %+ ". )2# (& &&) # )$ ( " )$ ##% (', $% & & 2# #(. * 2 ( " " * " . % 6 , * ' . "' " " ##% *) * * 3 " %/ ( , / . ' "# $) )1 3 " .> * ' % * & / ( ,& % / " " * # 3 " ," (# # / . * "* " $ #% & " #% )" ' . & # 6, = # $ " (#% " # ' " # 3 / )3 /, * $#%/: # %. * $ ' ") + 2 -# ## + $ ($ , %" ' * # 3 / ) # " + # -3 . "* # " " * " ") $% # $% # # #% . " $ ## # = ,# * , " (# & . % * & ) ") # * '2 # # 3 / * # %/ &. )3 # . *) & -% 5 "' 6 % - " 3 * " # $ (. + &) #% $ # & )3 + : %. & " ' #( 3)" , $ -)' # " '1)5 1), * , # / ' "' " & 5, - $ # -& , 6 # -$ %" & . ) , 3 $ "( & "& * # * " ? -3 '# # /" " # * #' #% : # * " # - % * 3 - " %/ ( . % & 5 "' # " " "), & # -% &# . & * " % $ -)5 "' * " %* # ' # 3 # "& (& / & )*#%/ ( . # #% , *' # " % $% # $% ") "* # * * 1 (#%/ '# " %/ " # +. # 2 " " ) *' # , &) # . # - "( * $ (. + " 2 , " ) "* " : &) #% 3 # 3 " # ' " '- #% " $ " % , ) . " 1 ##% " . # & -# # )3 $" ' (" $ 3 "& " $ ## " " / " # +. # 3 "#% % $ -)5 - " , && & 5 $ # ##% 3 - # (#% * $ 3 , & % "* " $#% $%" "* " #' ("' " " #%, - / % ' * ##)5 5. # # , *' # " "* # " # + - / & # ' " $ ## " ( " . > * ' # 3 - # (# + # # # " "# 3 : 6 # - , 3 - # " . -# $ -#%/ "#%/ " (#%/ " $1 " 5 & ##% * - #% *% " . # 3 # . " "#'& , )$#'& , (# & - & ##% *% " . > )" + % , 3 #% " (#% " $1 " . # ")1 " )5 )2 # # %"' - # * '2 # 2 -# # 3 /* & # + ( . ##% " . # . / # + " / & / #, & 3 & 1 # & -% ")1 " ## 3 - +" ' # * ). - #% *% " - $ -#'& , " ## & - $% # -# & 5 # " % )$ ##%/ & ##%/ " , # $'- #% " ")1 " # ' (# " & . # & ##%/ " * - #% - ' # . & "* " # ## # 3 -# & . 2#%/ + # , # # ,# -# $ 5 ,& &* " % )$& (# & # 3 " " # % " $ -#'&. > , * 2 )+, * # $ - " #%+. & 2 (# +. ' ") ($ * - #%/ " ? # & %/ " ) '/ # " * " $ , $ . (" & - 1 5 "' & "/ # ), & ## ) *). & * "/ " " $ -#'& , $ . "' # " (# & . # 3 , ' # , ) " & $ - 3 " " 3)" % $ (#% * " . > - # - " + & + " #%, # -= * "" # # ' (# & . % & / . " ) * " % * 3 $ -#'& - # "& (& "' & " # ' "' %" & , - " % ' . " 5$ ' $ - * = * 3 $ - # # '. %+ " # (

%

"

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

"" *

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inus sylvestris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

"

# ". 1. $

2# + $ $ 3 +-" . ## )3 +. ( " "#% " . .& -# 3 - " "' & " + " "# . " # - # 2 # # # "# 3 . '/ " "#% * "* 3 5 "' ##% )-& / #& ( ". 1). & "* 2 # / - / & # ' " $ ## " ( = + "# + * %. #& " 5 "' " # ##% * * # # (& * 2 -# , # * " # '. * 5 # 2 " . " # 5 * " "# + - % $'(# # + & / "$ -# 6 ". "" * # ")/ + " "# + / * "/ " # '$ . # 3 = 3 , 3)" , & # / " " # $% / . # " $ -# ' * " : " (/ - # ', " (2 '. " * " ("', # ) # (, - #% / #& "* 3 5 "' # & #6 / &, . . # * $ 3 / ## 3 3 * . 3 # /, 2 % # "& (& * (, # $ " %/ * $ 3 /, & % )2 3 . " # + * " " #% / #& " "#% 2 ) $% # # $ )/- / . +# )3 / + # / " ") % & &/ # &3 (. . )3 %+ 3 " "# " " # - ## - # # ' . 2 +, 5 )5 " )2) # %3 ' , & & . - #% 3 % " # # $ ' "' - . * " # - '/ # &? # # ,# , * "' ,& ' # /# / "'. = 3 # & & # (-' - 1 ("'. * "# )3 - %"%/ # . 3 - + " 2 % # - #% " ' " # +, " 2 1 ), " / #& . ( * 2 # ' % * " # 5 + # , "* # ( * 3 # (-'. 2 '* ' ( )# #( 3& : # " )2) (# $%" "* ' "'. +/ #& " "#% # 2# - 1 1 #% %"%/ # ', * ' % # 3 - . 2 '/ #& * & % "# )2 #& +, # # * # 6 + ' % * #& +-&) &) +. & "& * "& & * #%-)" ( 6 , # 2 " -$ " ##% * * /# " / #& , * # - & % %. -# / &2 # 2 "* ("'. ' # 2# " & 2 )" ( 6 "- * # " "& . ,* * # '3 - 6 '. #) ## " # / #& 2 # . # # " . & & / " 2 "' / * " % - & "& * "& - #% (6 , % $ % 51 3 # "& 1 " . " # "* 3 5 "' (& ) & #%/ " # &, " * * - %. " $% ) " "#% $% $% #% & & , & " / * " , - * #'51 / " & & (# + / #& , & - "( $% # #( $ (. . (/ #& #( )-& , $8 /# &, & " & & # / 3 # # . / #& / " "#% & & # $% #% . / " #& 5 "& & , 51 "' #) ( & # + * " , & & # * #% * 3 & ., 3 ' = ) # # 3 ) "' #) ##'' * /# " ( & & , -# , & " / * " . "# # - # . ) # & 2 )5 "#) "*)"& 5 "' * & * ' '5 "' % * $ 3 , & & ) " ##%/ ( . " "( "# + & ' " "#%. * . " % * $ 3 "# (# + / + ## + # -- # +. # & #6 / / - " )1 % * $ 3 . # 5 " -- #)5 & "&). " '1 + / # # / * & # . " # & & . #% " & $ 3 6 . 2 %+ & + " &-= * 5#%/ / # &, 1 # )"* . / & & " ) % " . #& * # * 2 % )3 & )3) % "# )2 $1 * # % * & . #) " -* ) = ":) ' ", %+ ) # )2). 0 "# # ' %/ * $ 3 & -3 # 5 "' * #% " -2 % 3 & # -% %/ )2"& / . . &. 2 '. . & #(. 3 . #% (" . ". 1). + # # 3 # , - # / $ (# * "%* "' 2 ' *% (6 . "# * 3 # & " *% (6%. < % ) -# "' "' " "# $ ), & 3 (' "*% ' ". " = ' %* 2 (, # * /# " )2 *% (6 * $ (# 3 2 3 * .& , # * # 51 3 & ( ##)5 " ). $%&# ## ' " (# " ( " "#% # . # *% (6% * #' # . .( # 2#%+ * 6 # * * # & # -% % 2 #"& . . & * *% # . "' " (# ' "" * 3 $ .

% (6 " "#% & -# " "' $ 3 ' " $% * "* " $ # ' , ) ) . 51 " - )/ * (#% " " +" . $ & & 2 + *% #& "' $8 " %/ . & , - * # ##%/ - )/ . # ) #(. 5 ) (#%+ " *% (6% ) 5 (# " ( * . #' # , "" ( - ).#% . & ) *% # & 2# (& * & "& * , * " # " (# ) # . " % 3 # , & # # ,# #%. #"& . . & " "#% * ' '5 "' "# + # & #6 / %/ * $ 3 . # 5 #(& / - #%. & # # 3 $ (. $) # + 3 & . / # " -) .( " & )2 51 / %/ / # &. $% # # & #6 * $ 3 $% * # + . . & . 2 ' - # / * / 3 + *) ( ', * 2 " # - " + '# " + . .& +. * %+ 3 # * # " : & " # " # "' # $ (. 3 . #%. 4 # + 3 " (# ) "' / & & # (# : ) "' "' & # +, # . = ) # " 5 " # . 4 % . .& * " %"%* # ' - # / " '# # & ' 1 "' # ('/, * 5 # 5. # " "#% %"%* 5 "' - . . & "# +. " ' - & & * "'# - # , # # "# $2 # # $ (. * # % & % %.& . %* - . .& & - . "( - )/ , & % " '# # #( $%" 1 ("', & & # 5 #%+ * * ., 3 ' = ) ' "' 3 * # , 2 )# " ( " ' " # & #"& 3 . # " "#% # .# * / 2 # " # . ( /# ) # ,# (& * " (, & & $ * & * ' "' " ' & & % %.&). 0 " "#% " ' - 2 2 ) ) ' " & & % %.& , " # / # " $ & 1 * & . 0 "* " $ * & * # ' " . ## )3 + - " ' 2 )3 )$ # & % %.& , & & " " + 2& . ". 2. " & " "#% #( 3 # (#% "/ % " "#%, & 3 # (& * ' "( # " . > #(& " #( 6 , ) & %/ " $ & & "* & # 1 $%&# ## + . +# + 3 %. /).& " $ (& - *) & ) $ -# "/ '1 /"' " " #% #( #& / 3 &-" ' + ( ". 2). ' + ) " "#% # # # , & & ) 6 & %/ " # +, % " (. "/ " "#% # " (& " $ -#%+ , # 3 , ) 3 , # #'& - ) #' "' "& - (, & & = " # . " # " )* " "/ % " "#% - # "& (& * 1 5 "' #(& " "# % 6 . 0 & / 5#%/ " " # & )2 " ( #%+ " &, & * & % % $% #% / #& , "* 2 ##% * * # . $ -#%+ 5 % " "#% %" + # "& (& , " # " ) * * # " 1 # # & % " . , & % & & / ( / ' 3 # 3 " * (#% ' )" - ) & . & 2 ' )" & # # 3 * * #' % " " #%, & & "* 6% "& % 3 - # & . 6 & & $% = 2 &. 2 %+ 3 * $ ' "' # ' ) & . (# , "& (& ) " " #& ' )" &, " (& + ). 4# ' = ) " $ ## " ( " " "#%, # ) # * ( - " 3 6 . (& " ##%+ - " $) # # 3 $ (. , * ) "' * * " ' )" &. ( * % # "& (& 2 -# " " #& #( % ' )"% & ) # / 1 # $ -)5 "'. = )& ) - " ), & %+ * ) "' * * " ' )" , # $ ( 1 *' (-. " (. " " "#% " "# %/ " / $% # #( . $8'"#' "' = , " "#'& /, & & * , # 3 )3 / ( &)" # & , & % - #'5 % " " #& # 5 ("'. # & #'& # 3 / " "#'& / (# $ # - ) # " .# - # # . ## # # " #) " % (' " "#%. + # # 3 # , , " # 1 "' &, " "#'& )" )*' " (# & . 6 "" % "# # ' " "#% (5 # $ 5 "' * # " + * +"& + " " #%.

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icea abies). > -'1# " +# " $ ## & " %3 ' , & 3 " # " . ## & % " . # & 3 : ) * (# 3 )-& 3 & #)" . ##% # 2# # "& (& # & #'5 "' & , & & $) # " / # " '2& + 3 )- / . , "* 2 ##% %. , " # ' "' " & & * " * ## * * # 5 "' & /). /).& " 3 " ', # # & 3 # * )* ' "', 2 & 3 " . #% + * / 2 # 3 3 # "&

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icea obovata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

*

*

##% 3# . #& 2 ) # '/ (# 3 - $% # *' - " . # -# (# & , ) " "#%. $ (* & % 3)" , # " 2 2# "" (, "* 3 5 "' # * # & . #6% / # & #( & 5 . % ' * & % 5 # - ) & #% " # ' # & ) $ /, $% * / # ( / * 2 # ' %. . 5 / 3 & %. " 3 5 "'. 0 3)" ', * # ' & # , " - 51 ' " (# - # # . * 3 3 " 6 #" ##%+ * ) &. , 3 % " ) #( 3)" - # # " $ ## " (# , ") # # & & / " # +. (& " %+ " + ")/ + * . + / * & % * ). 4 "( # 3) ")1 " ( 2 " % # %# " % "#% % / . ") --- " (# 3 - # # ' * 3 $ 5 % 6 (* " )* " / "#%/ * . # & #'& " + #( 3 " / #' "' = / )" '/. * , # / %+, " (# )3# ##%+ . 6 #(. " & ,* / 2 * : # - # &, & # ) # / " # * * 5"#) ', #( %/ '. % " " #& , " & +& & + / +. & - & & %2# ' * & . " " % # 2 " - ( & + " & # 2# + " , # * * # - 2# ) ( # $%&# ## )-& 3 #% & (6 , * # % * " % 3 - . " ( /) "' .( " * 1(5 " (# + )*%. ) # & )-& * #' # . 3 )$ & + # 6 * # % $ % 3 # "& / 1 " , " (# , # 2 * ( # 3 " #%. " % * * $) - #' ("' * " 3 #%/ & 6 ) & + & , $% * (, "& (& + , "2 ) (#%+ "5 * -. 6) 2 $% ( 40-50 2 70-80 . & 3 $ "' - 2 -#( 3 )$ & + # " * " . (# ' 2 ) " ( # %# " " (! " # & = + & , % ". * # (# " 1 # , - 1#% (' %" + 20-25 . # .( )$ 3 + & &. # "# , / % 6 -- # & # * ' "* " $# " " ( # " '1 (' . $ 3 * ' #%/ )" '/ # 3) % " %" & " +#% . )2# (& ( % & " # " , " $ ( - #'51 3 #"& 3 * 3 . "& (& " 1 $ # "" & " - "* " $# " 3 (# - # # * 3 %. " ") & #% ( # # 5 "' # ) , (# %" & . 2 & ## " / $% # 2# ( ##% #& . ") (', . ##% / . # / ' " " #% 3 - # (# # * # . > , & - "( $%, # # * (#% ")/ * ) (' 5 , # & , #) # "#)5 " $ ## " (: # #'5 " * 2 # - " " - # # ' 2# " . " * 3 "% ', 2 ', & "* 3 5 "' 3 - # (# 2 " 3& - 3#) % & /), & & " $ . & 3 3 # 2 ', & * # & 5 -3 $ 5 "' $ #)5 " #). 4# ' = ) " $ ## " ( , 2# * : 3 : , " ## + "), "& - (, & & ' $% * 3 ' "8 & - 2 ' ")/ '. * ( & # -% 6 # . "6 # " * # . # 5 & / +#% (' )* $ ' (# " " * (# : ) # / # $% # " '1 / 6 & . # # # & 3 ' 6 # , " "#% )3 / 3 " ##%/ " # +. 3 ' & * ), "# + # / '/ * ' '5 "' 3 #% - # 2 # ', " # * # 51 6 & %* #'51 "/ #% :)#&6 . ( 6 , * # ', & 3 )/ . < # ) # # , & " # . & #6 / + /# + " & #% * ' '5 "' ' & -& "#% # +" # * " & 2 #"& . . & , 1 /. > ##'' " ' +" + + . .& , $ (. + $) +, & )5 % " #(5. 2 ' 2 #"& ' . . & " 3 * ' # ' # " # / "' #) " $ +* & " " ' " " 2 . 6 # * & " (# ) "', # $)/ # & # 6 "$ "% " - 1 #% * & % %2 %+ " & # #%+ & * &. (& * ( 2 #"& ' . . & * # " (5

" $ 2 "'. # , " # ("' $ # "& , # " 2# : " # # / "' " 2 #(, # # " # 2 " #& / # 2#%/ .) &, # * # 51 / * " & 6 & ( " ( 1 )3 .)+& , $ & ). " &&) # ( 5#)5 . . &) "" ( (#%+ " * " &", # 3 #) ## + * /# " 2# ) ( )*) & / #%/ $)3 & . > " '* & , & % * " " * 1 5 "' " # . - * %# * " * ' # ' # " . . & #'5 " * 2 # # & /: # )2 # /, " . 5 "' # -. )2"& . . & ( 2 #"& /, 5 & "#)5 - # -2 )5 & "&). # &2 " " ' - " 2#' " '1 / # # .) &, # (& .)+& - "( )3 3 " # ': # # )2# + " # & 2 + - # / 2# ) ( " * 1(5 )*% * 3 %/ . & " 1 *% (6%. #% # & %/ + * 6 # ' $% 5 )& . #% # 2 " ' & -& "#%/ )2"& / . . &, & " % '51 /"' " - # + / . " % " ( #( $ (# . .& $ -# ' *% (6 & -# " "' & )3, " # #%/ * /. " .( = ' # " (' "#%/ - # & & $% * *) #% " /) + *% (6 +. $ 5 ( $ )2"& 2 #"& . . & ) # : ( # # / ' "' & # , %" & # +. # & / 2# ) ( " " $ -& , " ) " "' # + "# + 2 1 # - " ,* ## * % )1 + " #(5 +( ## * ## , # # " ## # # & + %" ). & & 3 # (# "*)"& 5 "', % " 2 $ ) "" ( " / * $# " '/ . . & $ 3 * . 0 , " "#%, . .& " 5 * %+ 2 3 . # / $ -)5 "' & & % % " # , * / 2 # " # " "#%. %* - . .& , # # & 2 & ) ' "' - )/ , * $# * * ). 1 # / #( $%" , * # ## . / % % , " # 3) ) ( #"& 3 # "" '# * # 2-3 - $ (. , %" " 3 . "" # " '# * "/ ) & #6 - %, ")/ " # #% # . # 5 # & / #% * " & , & % #( * / 2 # "/ % " "#%. ") * " & (# & . $8'"#' "' = , #& +, " $%+ & . & 3 " # ' " # " " '# * $ ( 1#%+ " + ")/ + * . + / .4 # 3 "/ $% , 3 = 3 * *' " ' # - # 3# %/, 2 1 / # " / ( , # *#'/, # # # $# 2 . /"' ) " & / * % . .-" , "5 ), 3 # # & * "' / '. $% -& ) ( & " "/ * * 3 " , " %* #'5 " $%+ * -" # * " & . ( . & * # # # # / -'+" . " # $ (. / & " / , # * , # -3 # $) 3 . # . & $) # 3 * 3 "" 6 - 6 * $# " ( $) 3 "& 5 (# & #)2# 3 # & " . " & * " : # 3 " / " # / % $ % 5 " (& $) 3 , , " -# " ( # 6 %+ " $% # + 1 #%, # $) (: # " "& % # 3 2# #) ( "( - # + . , & & 3 &) "% ! * - " $) 3 $ (. ' " ( * / "' # 5 . " #% % $ % 5 &2 6 5 -), "&)"" ##%+ . & # 3 )3 , # . & * #' "' " (" . ' " # -# # %+ ' -3 # ' # & %/ )-%& (#%/ #" ) # ( -# 5 ,# * , /# & "& * &). ( ' ' "' &2 2#% * " 1 & )$ (#%/ 1 " , # $/ %/ * % & & 2 . > 1 " # . + " # * ) 5 3 #% $ + & %. )3 " ##% " # ' & " " # & )$ (#%/ 1 " 5 3 #(. -# # ( "* (-) "' & )$ , %, " ## 6%, & # 1 '# " 3 " # '$ # . .) )$ (Quercus robur). > 6 # 1 , & * " , " %. " $ ## 3) # #% " % )$%, " )1 3 -# $) ( " )3 . & 3 )$ # %" & # #( * ' , # #( " " # -). " % . & "& #) "(

" " %3 ' # & 3

#%, # 2# * & " 5 "' . # # * # . . ") )$ " . ## # . 4 "( # %" & +, " )-& +, "2 + " $ & & # +, & ' # "*)"& "' , # $ , "* 2 # # (# $ (. + %" . & 3 $ # * ' +. " = - " " & #&) #6 - " , & ' * ' ' "' 2 ) (' ") " (# , $ 2 " ' # )3 & )3). & " " '# )$ " # $ (. + # #3 # " * ""% # 53 3 ") " ## + 3 # 6% # - * 0 . $ " ( 3 " " ## 3 "* " # # ' : ). & 3 & # ,# * ## 3 " - * # " &. )* + & # 6 = 3 & # )* "' 0 + # 0:%. " + = + 3 # + )$ & # "5 ) $ -) " . # 3 ', )$ % " 5 3 #(. "* " # # , " )$. > " % # / (& # $ $ 3 * ' #%/ ' )$ * ## -& "& / )" '/. " "& # )$ %/ " $% -# (# $ (. , " + ", # 3 # " "( & # "5 ), 3 "* " $ # " )$. > $1 * " (# . & $% ) # 3 / )3 / " # +. * / $ " " " ## 3 "* " # # ' ( ) & & 3 - $ " # ' # #5 ( # " "" . )$ % " $% . & "* " # #% # + )" . )$ % # & 3 * " )* " 53 & " + "& . #% "& "& 3 ' * # (# $% )$ % , (' ' # / % )$ * $ - " 3 . # & * ( )$ %/ " " "( . "# # ' "" # . / )$ # )# 2 # . * , = " - # 5 #( $ 3 * ' #% ' ' * % " # 2#% , / . # ##% , $ 3 % * (#% 1 " . = ), & 3 # . * & #)2#% $% * / #% , # * )5 ( % )$ ## )$ % " . #%/ + # / # . + " #% )$ " * - -# ). ' " (#%+ & #, %" + $ 30 - & % 3 )$ / " " * , # * -# # + # "& + 1 $ - 3 , " 3 $"& # 2"& + $ " . = "# + "" $% $8' # I "& $ (# + 1 +". "5 $ ) .)5 " #) ' * " +& )""& 3 : . - # ) %3 ' )$ * "& +. 4 "( # (# & ' %+ # %" & + - # $ 22-23 - 3 "' $ (. + " (5 (& # . 1 " # , # * 3 "& + $ " , )$ " * " 3 6 2 &)" # & . # "# , * . )$ # " " & )*#%/ ( . 1 # # " # # " #%/ & * +"& + " # 3 # / ' * 3 $ ##% #% " % & / )$ (= & # -% %+ ?#%+ )$). ) . " 3 "' )$ 4 * # + * ,3 & $ '3& + * %+, ) # ". 4 "( - " #% ('& #% - " 1500-2000 . "& + " %+ " %+ )$ - " & 800 . > )# & (#%+ )$ "# & "& % " / # "' 7 & / # #"& /. ## + "# +, "*)"& # ' " ( , )$ / . * # " ## - * # &, 3 # %# "' # 3 )3 "#% * %. * + / &, . . # * 3 / # -& / $ 3 /, & % 2 3 # 5 "' .# , # & 5 "' )$ % " (* + ##% )$ %). ' & * & ) ") 2# * / ( # & : " + % " 3 . * " 3 , & & "* , (' 5 "' " +, * # * ' '5 "' %. # & %/ * + ##%/ )$ /# * *%.# - " "' # %.. $#% # %. % )$ % " 5 "', # * , * + & * $ - 3 , " 3 $"& . "# + & ") 2# ( ) (#)5 & #): * * (' # $ (. + * 1 "* .( * & % # %. , " - # " ( ""%* # $ " " ## # 2 " $ %/ ). " %/ 6 & . '/, # %/ "# + &, )$ " " " * 2 # )3 / " ##%/ ( : *%, & # , '" #', ( , & + '$ # . # & 3 $% # $ (. , " (#%/ ( . " -- * #%/ + # / " #%, # # '

*

# "& %, )$ 3 "*) # & # * / )2 5 "' " (5, " $ -)' - )$ % " , # )$ - "( # ) " ) " $' / -' # . & # % "#' "' $ 2 -# "* " $# + = / )" '/ (5. )$ #( 2 ) . # "* " $ # (* " ( *#'. " 3 & & " )$' (& # # , # #( " ), # & *#' "& * ' ' "' # 2 " %/ * $ 3 . 3 # " # * " ) , # # / 2# ( # $% #% 3 3 # "& " ('. * $ 3 2 #( " (#% ##% " % . ( " " & , & % & # * 2 "# $2 6 , * ( ) (& % * $ 3 . " ( # *# "' - & # -% %/ "*'1 / * &. > * & # $% #% . # " 5 "' 2 % "' & , # * = # "*)"& 5 "', & & $% 2 '"( * / '1 3 " ) '. & * & * # (# $ -)5 "' # 1 #& , " " " $ (& . # # " $ ( ) 1 "' * 1 "' " , # * & # ") * " 1 " #%. # 2 3 # * " # # " (& , # "& (& ) 1 "' " , " 3 & -% "' # 3 * /# " . *'1 * & 5$ + # 3 % "*)" ("'. # , & & % )2 , $%" 3 5 "' " * " 3 , & & " )$ # . > * & * $)2 5 "' " ) ,& 3 )$, & %+ "5 2 -#( " "), )3 & -% "' # " $ . 3 # & % " " # $ " - #(5, # # * ' ' "' "" & & / * $ 3 " " (' . > & # -% % '#% * $ 3 . # 2 -# & 5 - "*'1 / * &. 1 * , * & -% 51 +, # "& (& 2 ) )$. # 3 & #6 "#%, & 3 )$ (& "*)" "', # # 3 # $ "% 5 "' 6 % * 1 3)" # 6 )# 2 5 "5 " ). )$% " # ' "' " . ## 3 % , $ - " #% , & & +. 2# * ) (, (' )2 * 3 $ . = # &. # & ' # * & % 5 "' # + " +. > #) "( " * & '1 "' * & , & % * # (# 2#% $% $% "*)" ("' (& # " )51 + 3 . )$ #( )5 '2 )5 " #). " # )3 / " $ ## " '/ 2# ""& - ( # 3 # "# 3 . " # * /# " ( "* & & 3 -# $) ( " 2 3 *#' )$ $ # # # 6 " #%. "' * /# " ( *#', "& 5 # )-& 3 # )2# 3 & (6 , (# #)5, & # )5 & "&). (# , " " " "# # - $ # + " #%. > & # -% ' . " # ' )2 " )2 " + & # ) " ) 2 -# -* # + # * / ' # & & 2 & " . #%+ 6 $8'"#' "' , # * * # "* 6 (#% 1 " ,& % & & $% & #" )5 & # * *' " )5 5 3# . ! ' " # )$ "* 6 : "& + - * /. 3 '"# 1)1 .(, & 3 * / .( . $ ' " 2 / )$ %/ $ #. & + 2 - * / 5 )$ % $ & . ! -# $ 6 ## ' ' * & " (" , -= 3 5 $ (, * & , $ & . . " * (# $ " %+, * $ %+ # )2#%+ " + " #%. *# # %3 ' & & (# )-& & (6 . - # = 3 " '-- $ #(. ## * = ) " 5* # "' /* " ) * ##%+ " ,& %+ * 3 1 5 & # , " # $ (. & " * (#%/ " +. 4 $ #( ' (# ', & # ' " ( " #%, 51 ' $ (. -# # 2 -# . # & ' $1 + "" " #% # & . " * ( # (# " - 2# $ $ -& 3 "" '# ' # " + - $ # . " * #( " # 3 & +, - "( # ) # ( # 2 " ( +. / % &, # )& #& + 3 +. > * - ##% * * & # +. )$ & " ") %, & % ) (" . ## * # * # "' * ##%+ " .0 )$ * " # # 5 " )3 (' " ") % 5 $ (. + , / $ - ) 2# ( * " % 3 - . 0 # 3 / )3 / "#%/ * # #% (& " (#)5 )*) & "& *. *)"&# ' "* " $# " ( " ") )$ (# & . ,% * " # , (& # 2 & + # + #( * " ") " " 3 )$

* /

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

#

#

%

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

)$ * ' '5 "' " # (# * - # - & #6 "#% - # . * + )$ & $ -) (# ##%+ " $ & - " )5 # ## & # . . )" '/ " = - & # ' %" * " & " ( . 0 " "#% , & & % )2 3 , * " & & "* & . , (. ' # " $ ' 3 )$& $8'"#' "' * " : # 2 - " 2 ) ', "/ )' - * "% * (#%/ 1 " ,& % " 2 "' " ' '/. & & " $' )$ & * " )51 3 %, " #2 * * 3 " ? (' (# # , )2 # + 3 " $ & ) #' "' , & & & * " $ " 1 # " (' " # ' % $ % 5 #( # # 3 3 # "& / 1 " , # $/ %/ ' " . ( * ( )$ & 2 )2 - " " $" ## 3 : " # - .) (. " " $ ' --- # " & " * " # "', # 3 " & 2 " " - "%/ . # & )$ - 2 ) " # . # )* # 6 * ' "' - 2 -#(. 0 "# # ' - " /. 3 " & * ' ' "' # %+ 2 + * $ 3, # #( " $%+. & * )2 % , * -'$ 51 )$& * ) # - # & . & / 2 -# ") * - # # & $ (. % /-*' . & - " $ -#%+ #'& , & %+ " / #' "' # "& (& . & #"& 2 , & $ #% # ##)5 " (. # 3 - # * '2 # 2 -# " 3 * ' '5 "' * 3 " #(5 % )$& & 2 %+ - * 3 $ 5 # " & " . & & (& " %+ )$ * #% * # * 3 " $ -) "' * " , & # # 5 =# 3 # " * / ' # " #) * 3 $. ) #"& ) ). )$ / . * # " - ) " # + * " " #%. " $ ## ") % - % # " 2 " - . " / )$ %, ' # ,# ##)5 " (# %" )* 51)5 "& &), & ' " /) # - # -# (# * '2 # . > - " - 2 . + #%, 3 )$ & + 1 #% " . & 1 #% * ' '5 "' " # - % ' " (#%/ - . / # -% 5 - $ # . " "& # " #% * "/ 3# ## " * 2 "' 3 & - )& , # * # 51 %" )2('. 7 )$ & ' # # 3 # - 2 . ' " (# - ) 5 "', # $)/ 5 . & 3 = # # & # 6- " ,# " " "' ". ". & + # " , & # # , #( * " #) ) ) . )$% " - $ +#% # * % - " $% # ' # " #%/ $ " '/. $ 52#%/ + # / - $ #% $ -)5 "' & . * & " # ' (Tilia cordata) # - " %/ "* " # ##%/ ( " ##%/ * & /. > 5$' # . , -# + * * & # 3 # , 6 $ 3 # ' * / . # " # , * % " # #% " # '$ ("& # * ) # ' # + " -2 + " +. 2 * - # + " #(5 * * & #( & " . "' '" # "' 2 + * . / " ( , # = : # " $ ## -& % '5 "' #% & ##% " . , * %+ * & " 5 " $)5 * " (. *) % " " # (& * & /, # # ) 6 / # . / 3 . # ) . # 3 / )3 / ( %# " 3 "& )" '. & " " '# * " )# " " /, * # #( $ (. + . 2# " ( # 3 / $ " '/ * +"& + " " #%, & +# 3 +# 3 3 3 - " & . " ( # 2 & -3 - 0 . $ " ( " " ## 3 "* " # # ' *% # "& (& "/ # " " " )51 + + ' )$ - & + 2 & #, #( . & + # - * * " * ## ")2 51 +"' # " & . # & * 3 (. , )$, &" ) " $ ## & " &), . . + #% " $ ") % & : # # $ (# & & "& )" ' . * / + ,& )5 * - # , # " "' #%/ * / " . " %# / )$ / & )2 # )$ , & # )3 / . & " ##%/ ( . " % * % " " # (# & . $ " #%/ + # / * " " " " (5 # 3 2 * * 3 , 3 # &)" # & $ -) 3)" % - " . * * 2# " ( )$) * $ $ (. + # %# " " (5. $ = 2# ") ( 2 * # ) # .# ) $ &) . 7 #%+ * -# & # %# " " - * # ', 3)" ' & # , " (# - #'51 ' * ).

# + )" * . & "* ("( & # #% $% % #)2 %. " + & %, $ 3 + * #% &# , * ) %& , # $/ ' * # ' * +, -3 # ' 3 2, &. '3& ' * ' " # &2 # / . & * # # : - # 2& , "& , "& & , # )3)5 .#55 ) (. , *) " (# " $ ' , * = )" + " " /" 3 #(. , * 2 . -# & "' " * + * $ 2 . -3 '# # . #& % & *% 3& )-# ( 2 +, & 3 # # / # " ( . * $ 3 * # "* 3 5 "' (#% * & , - & )3 ##% # /). # " . ## 3 & $ " '1 , # ) # / " ( # "* 6 : "& ' " $ ## " ( - & 2 ' * & * & % (& ) ' .)' . & * & # " .( ) )3 / # . / ( . "# + ) *% * "*)"& # * & # ' ) " % " -- #% " (' * ' '5 "' (#% .)+& 3 6 . # (# "" # %'"#' "', = -* " # & . & 2 " "' * & / & " %/ .) & ( " # # - - % ). % * $ 3 *% = ' %3 ' ' #( # ' # : - #%+ 6 & " & # " ) " - % . &* 2 "' # 3 . " % * " # & 2 "' # '/ .( # "& (& # + * 5 . 3 * (' *% # 2# ( 6 )5 ""%*( .) &. " $ ## # = 3 -# $) ( # " * * & . * & & $% * "' * "& -$ ("' " / * " # & , "$ " ( /. "# + # ) +" (# )2 # #)2#%. +* " # & , # / '1 "' #) * &, 5 ' " # ' 2# -# # : # # ' ) " # )2#% .)+& * & " )2 - 1 + ' # 2#%/ & " ( * / * & . " "& % ( * &) *% "" ( * )* + * $# " " # ', 3& ) (, "# # " 2 " " '5 ## * " # & , 2 )# "* 3 5 "' & / #% " % & . # 3 # "# 3 2# ""& - ( " ('/ *%. " % * " #& ) = 3 5 / & #)5, & # -% )5 " 6 #)5 : ), * # " #%: # * # " # "& (& #(. , )3 '. + " & - -)$ ##%+, & & 3 ' $ # & , "* ( %+". %, # # , $ 1 # # # , * ") ")/ / " ( # * . , # , " ( )$ , $%" * 3# 5 # . * . / " ('/ *% " 2 "' # 3 #)2# 3 " # ' & (6 ', # ) ) . 5 * (#% " +" * % "). > & & $% " $ -# "# ) $ # . " * " " " / +#% (' , # 5 "' ) . , ") " . * 6 # 3 * - # " / " (#%/ # . / ( , )2 " # . & $ # -2 % # - #% 6 & 5 (#%+ $ 3 %# & . * # - ) . / # " . * % * 3 2 # & # / * " %. "' # * % # 3) # # 2 " * ,* 51 / "5 - # & .< & *% 6 ##% 1 " 6 $#% " +" . " + ")/ / 6 & * %+ + " )2 & " * * " ) . " # 6 & *% - $ ("' # ) # . ' = 3 # $) "' # & & + "* 6 (# + $ # "& + * 3 & . ' 6 & , # # * # (# "" # 2# ( *' ( $ & / . " & , *' ( $ & )*#%/ * " & , # 3 % # & # * " &. "& (& " * / *%. > & * #% .& # + " 3 . #). # * 5 " # * # & , 6 + 3 - (5. 2 ' 3 - ( "# $2 # . & #& & % %.& . , 3 ' = ) * "* " $ # 5 3 )** * , . "( , & ) "' - )/ , ' * # # 5. -) ( " # (. "* " #'5 "' #"& 3 . - # + " #(5, & 3 * )2 "$ " " (', * % 1 "' # ('/. * # / * "/ "5 - ) - " * - # + " # "#%. # 3 +, (,

* / "

' ( *%, .(, & & & ) & % % 3 * %/ .& " "# 3 . # (& * " . ". 4. " & & # " " # 3 ( ) *% ($) # *%, * * # 5, # & 3 # * " 5 * )5 2 "#). 2 * " , # 2 # #(. 3 . ) 2 & ' (# " (? . * " (? - "( " )51 . ' # (# 3 * " # ' " # 2#% * 3#) ("' (# * 2 (# ) / 2 # 5 * * ) & #) ', * ) 2# ## " " '# . > * 6 "" # -% "' " : & 6 +. 4 +" # * 5 ")/ "#% # )"* 5 * + " : & 6 5. / "' 2 ( " )51 + - %, * " 3 # )2 * $ 5 "* " $# " ( & * " # 5. 4 " )2 # # ' " # " '# *%. = # . # * " (# "' )$ # & %/ )3 / # . / ( . " # *% "' & $) )1 3 " # ' - %., # # - % +# " . ## # " 2 " $ - * " * (#%/ 1 " . "( * (#%+ # / "' # %. , & )2 3 " " /" #. > " (" # , & # -% %+ =# "* ,- # 3 - $ (. + $8 , " %.. * " )2 * ," # & 3 5 =# "* . ## = # "' )$ ' )3 / # . / ( . "/ % *% 5 #& + " $ & # + # $ $) & . & #6 3 # $ (. / - #%/ " & 3 # (# + : %. # 3 )$ & # - #% # "& (& # * # 5 * #55 *) & ( ". 4). > " ' . & " ## " # & )-# $) )1 *%. - # & ' # & #6 " $ (& "/ * ' '5 "' * % # " '1 " ('. # 1 * / 2 * : # " (' - " 3 . % " * " )51 " (' *%, " ' +, 5 )2 6 (#)5, # - - ##)5 # * " * " #&). & ' # , & 3 " ' " (# " # #%, # " '1 " (' 6 (#% , " (# $% & . ) " / " # + % # $ 5 $ # : " ' 5 $ * " )5 : ), " (' $ " 2#)5. ". 5. (& # " " # 3 # " " #%+ (Acer platanoides). 0 = 3 - / & #% & )*#% " (' & )3 -)3 + : % " $ (. " % %" )* * & 5 ( ". 5). , # & # -% 5 & " (' * ( - * " #% . " #(5 " (' & # " # ' "' #( ' & & " % : 2 % , #2 % , & "# % . = ' 3 # & % (' 5 3# ## - #2 )5 " ) " # $8' % * # . " (' & # / . # (& # ('/, # # . & % - # / *' # " % , * " $)5 * " (. ) # ) 2 ("', $% # " $ ( $)& = / & *#%/ * # + " ## + * %. # # "& (& # # )5 3 -, ' & " ## 6 %. " #(5 & # - )& . # # . / " * & . &)5 * " ( * #, # * , " ##% * & & " # " '/ # #3 ! & & / . & # " ## # ' 3 -# $) ( * "& # ") " # +- # +! # 5$ ") 2# " ( = . # 1 " 3 " . & " ##%/ " / " " )$ , * + # & % )3 (' . & & # 2# ( -. & " ##%/ " /. ( 3 ") $% # "& # '= .( * "( & 3 "* " )51 "#% * . " ' (#%/ " %/ 1 & #* # & 3 # $ -) : # (" ) "' (5 "*) # & . # * # , = # - # # 3 / # . / ( , ) & 3 " ( $ %+ #%+ " &. % # & 3 " & " +" ## * "& 5 (# (' $ * %/ " # - ")$ * "& / * "& /. ) ##%/ . / * $# ' # ) ( & " (. $% ) ( #%+ " & & # , #)2# * ( . & " * " # 3 #%. " - % "& * ' "' & * (& 3)" + $ + 2 & " . ) . " 3 = # $ 5 ( "& * " "*)"& # ' " % - & #6 "#% # . # "# (, # " & & # " 2 "' & ) )&. " % * " #& & # , & & )3 / # . / " ##%/ ( , * # - #%

# 3 5

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etula pendula) $ - *). " ' (Betula pubescens). > $ -& / % "" " ,# - '' /, # -% # " "$ - ". , - -" * *) ' # # . + " # , * 2 )+, " & " . ) # # + )3 , # +* & " . & &/ . $ - %+ "! ,& 3 " %$ -& " % '5 "' # : # -) ) # -- # 3 *%.# 3 & . # " # , & 3 " 1 ##% / #% " #6 (' %3 ' ' 3 #% 2 % $)& # : # " # 3 # $ . * - # + " #(5, & 3 2 ' " "* .( * & % 5 3 1 # # ' #% # $ % " %. " $)5 * " ( $ - %+ " " & #6 - %, " # #%+, " * (# -' & + "& + #(. * & " % = ) * ) " # # " , & % ##% * " 2 "' # 3 &)5 $ )5 * /# " ( "# 3 . "# +, & 3 $ -& (& - (& # # 5 "*)"& ("', "( " # #& - # % & )2 . , "& 5 (# . & "* " # # , # " "' * * " + # . + " #%. 1 ( $ - %/ " #( & . * +"& + " 5- , # * "& "& + )3 / 6 # (#%/ $ " '/, $ -#'& , * 2 )+, $ (. , " / " (#%/ * " , , -) # -% 5 -* # . # * ' "#%/ * - / % 5$ + " $ #%+ & & : - $ . ##% * .# , $# 2 ##% & "% ) 3, * 2 1 . . > * %+ * " # 6 # "'& / " $ . /"' " ) " & /. , -) 2# " ( 2 # & / " /, & % & 2) "' " . ## # * 3 #% ' " # + $1 : # & # - / " %/ & ##%/ , - ). 51 /"' & * #%/ " # / . . ; & "* " # # $ -% $8'"#' "' ) ' * # . -* %/, , & / #% & % % * % 3& * # "' "' " & -% 5 "' #( & #"& 3 . %/, $ - # * / ' "# ' * . # 2 " :* # 5$%/ * /# # ' #( ")/ / $ #%/ * "& & # ' # - ##% $ , 3 -$% & % # 3 * (#%/ 1 " . = # . # # * "/ 2 & +# # * '(#)5 " "#). $ #( " 5$ " . ## # %# " - # # '. = ) $% # ") # * - # % "#'5 )3 ('. - #% 3 $ -% ' ' "' (. > / +# # & * " ' "' * * 3 $ - 3 " ) " ) " $' - "( * "/ # . # " 3 $ -#'& " # 3 " ##% % & ? # 3 / & # 3 , # $ -)5

) # * / % - " . / ', % & * " 5 % "#'5 $ -), & 3 .)5 * 5 * " * 3 . " $ -#'& 6 ' "' %+ ". " " ## / " $% +, " # * 2 . (" & , (# & # & 3 # )" )* " $ -#'&). % ") $) ) * " * ## , # )3 + (, / " - + ) $ % . , - "5 " )* - & % . * . %+ " " )$. "& (& " $ %(# & " "( # *# . ) - $ $ #.: # % )$& $%" * ' ' "' $ - %+ #'&. # * " * 1 "' $ - %+ ". "& * * 3 $ - * " '5 "' % & , " * ' "' "# . &, " % * $ - %+ ", = * " 3 "* - #%+. # $ "' # " % )$ ## 3 & ## 3 " , 1 " 3 / +# 3 . * , * " 5 "' & ##% $ -#'& . " % & 3 -# $) ( / * "& % " $ "& , , - 2# , $ 1 # # # # $ (. " & $ - 3 " , & # -% % & & ,& %/ # 3 ) # 2 -# + 3 & " &) "& . > & ##% - * # " $ "& $ -#'& . * -# 3 $ &), # # * 3 # ? -'+" ## "* (- # = 3 . & -# $ -# . , - % 5 # 3 * = # . # )" )* 5 , # # , (& )$ % . - $ -% 5 %2 , $ (, -# $ -#% & #% '. , (.)5 6 ## " ( 5 $ -# ##% # * % % # " / $ - & *%. > # * % % * # - # "& ("& ' $ - " . & "* (-)5 "' ' -#%/ * & (.& ) & , & $ . .). $ -% * ) 5 * "/ #%+ )3 (, % $ % 5 3 (. , (. "* " * (-)5 "' $ - % %. , " - / . " " ' -2 3 # ' * + & " ,& 3 # * )& + $) 3 & " # . . * & "* ($ " ) & & ' * "( . > - " $ -#%+ "" #%+ * * )"". & ) # -# & $ - %+ " &? ## + "# +, " * # ( " ,= * - # ' ) (" & '2 & " (" "' * & * ' . & "& *)"& # " ' # . " # " 1 "' - # . "' " / - * " , # $/ %/ ' $ - # ' %/ * $ 3 " %( (" &# " * (#% 1 " ' = / 3 # ). - #&) 2 % & # * * 5 & 3 # - %, & % %-% 5 -# $ -#% - $ # ' . # 3 # - 2 , * & % "' - + " -(5 & +# # * ' #%+ . ) . )2 & - ("' ) (" ' ( $ - 3 " & # & ( # . / - #%/ )- +. * ( $ & "& " $ -%. 3 # $ %+? & . 3 $ %+ 6 ? & & / $ " % " 2 "' " $ & "'1 1 " $ ) #. " % # * 2 & * ( # " 2# * " # "( & " ) + $ -%, # 2 * ' ' "' $ % *' # , & & . * $ %+ 6 # (& " $ -%. & 2 & . #% * " & # & %/ 6 & (# * '$ # , '# & , )/ ). $)" # / $ %+ 6 ? & -% "', " " # , ) $ -%. , % * " & " " ' - " . ## * - #%/ $ "6 #%/ #( & /& & (& & "# 3 - & " & ( ). 2 ) & & " ( # $ (. * " #" - 2& # & , - * # ##% - )/ . # " (# 2 5 " " - 5 =:: & $ + & "& . #% " , $ ' & "& ) # 3 / " # + " 3 "' $ - & & 3 - $ "* 6 (# 3 & "'1 3 1 " . & "& 5 # -= 3 * ' ' "' .( $ - . , " - - 1 #%+ * & . # " " - # 2 " %/ *)" %/ & &, & *& "& ##%/ )3 " )3 "* 6 (#% 1 " .> & & "* 3 5 "' & 2 , & & & * * / . + & & : * 2) & 2 ) # # . $ & & & * 3 "( * 6 "") * $& # '. , 3 '= ) $ " , & & * $& , # * # 6 ' % 3 - . & &2 3 %. 2 % & & " ? ( ' # /, & & ' " 3 2 3 , #)2 # & " . %/ # ")1 " ' "' - " $% ). #% $ " &

# -% % & . # 5 (# & )*#%/ &, & % ) * * & " . & " " ' - %/ + & # , 2 ) & & & + 5 "' * 2) & 2& # & . -# / * / - )/. - ) & - & % 5 "'; * 2) & 2 )& & - * #'5 "' " $% 1 " . "# + # # ( & % 5 "'. "'& +, & % &)" & $ " %, , # " " '. (#%+ " + ) ( 1 " $) 3 * # " # # " " " " ' . , $ " # "& (& # * # #&)5 &# 2&) " # 3 " *. "' " # 6 . 2 ' & ' "" # 6 " " " - # 2 " * $& . / & & % " # # 3 3 . % " (5 " $ " % # / ' "' # * /# " " ," % % - 3 )$ # . , " * ' ' "' # " $ -% # " -), (& * ## - " . #(& $ -& , % ". - " # , & 3 / " & 1 * / 2 # * ) &, 5 & # )5 & ). (& - "' &- )3 + $ -) "' # " "* .# + $ %+ * & $ " %. , - 6 "# +, ', & 3 ) # (& # # 5 "*)"& ("' * & , " (' 1 " " #(& . < # ( # ) # : " #& / + " . 5 "' # ##% 2 % " 2& , #( * / 2 # , % ) .# & . > - )2"& " 6 ', " " '1 - # 2 " % # #%/ 6 & . " 2& / % $ % "' $ (. & " 2 + * .& $ -# + *% (6%, & ' & -# " "' . " % "$ #( $ (# . " * "" # ' *% (6% * + 2 (, # " )* #(& / & % (6 , # & %. / , "* 2 ##%/ * $ - " $ -, * ' '5 "' " -2 % *' # - %. #"& " 2& -# (# ( )2"& /, #% , # - #% , * / 2 # #(& %. #% / " & - # 3 6 . 1 # + # -# $ "* & . > " 2& " 2 # 2 " ( +. / 2 #"& / 6 & , " " '1 / (& - # 3 * " & . " 6 # ' 2 #"& " 2& " (# - " 5 "'. # * 1 5 "' # $ (. - #% "6 # & ", & % & #6 " # ' "' $) % # # 5 ""%* ("' # (#% " & / * " #% .)+& & . #% * * # % * & . % $ -% # # 5 * (" ( )2 # 3)" . " . 3 &# " ) $ -%, & & # ) # * ## * * ) = & / #% %2 % * & . /* # " . , - % * & # " (& %, #% * " % 3 - . (#%+ * 5 & ,& 3 # # 3 " .( * )* +, - # * # * : $ $ &) " . & "& % % & % (' : 6 # "* 3 "' % '#) " ', * $ & (#%/ & % %.& , * " '51 " $ + # +. * #& . , 3 '" )# 2# ) ") * # % & % %.& * $ -% 2 "* " #' ("' # -# (# "" '# . & * % $ -% # & # -% 5 " # . " $ # "& + & - # ' = # * (# : & 2 %+ - # / $ -) "' - * " & - % +# & 3 $ - 3 6 & . # & $ # "& ' # 3 * # $ 3 5 " - & )* $ '5 " "" # ". & * " )* 5 , # * , " %, 3 ' " # / $ -%. = " ( - " #%+ " %" : $% # + 2 -# " # # -% 5 " , * * " # " # . 5 * * 5 " $" ## " # , ")/ * %, " 2 1 (& # " '. -% ( " # " "" # " # 3 / " ) '/ ) $# , & )2 = $ * #' # ' 5 +, # " .& "&). ##%/ $ # & . # # , ,3 $) "', #)2# (" 3 2 )* " # . (# +. % $) 3 ( * / $ -%, # -% ' / " # . # $ -%, * " , "* " $#% # ## * " (, " )" ' ' = 3 $ 3 * ' #%. " , * * # 5, # & -% 5 "' # * / '1 + " (# * ,# * /# " ")/ + * %), * " # ', & # # , # * "/ . # & " # # * 3 $ 5 , & & $% * 5 "*' &). * " $# " ( & * " # 5 " / #' "' )

# / # "& (& . " = ' # 3) 2 ( * & '1 "' " " '# 3 -# $) ( "# + * " & " /# " "# + * %. ' ' "' * / '1 )" '# # #) * " (. " '#, $ - , & & # 3 )3 " ##% (', 2 - # 2 ("' * " (5 *#'. " 3 & & - " , # " .& " " )$ # , *#' " "" %/ * $ 3 . # # " (# ) 5 "' / " # "' "# . , " (#% %2 5 , " $% * 3 $ 5 . & " # "' " #(. #(. . & #6 & #6 / " "' $% # # $ % /-*' , # % " 5 - " % ('. , -%, % ". *#', 5 / & #)5 : )" - # * / 2 # " $ . 2 %+ " ) "# # ' # "& (& - 3#) , (. %* ' ' "' )2 " * & (# . > " % " 3 " $ #% *) & . * ) $ - %/ 1 / % & " # # #% (', 6 % / "" +& " - )/- / $ (. " . "'& + 3 "', *) & " " ( # # , & & ('-$ -# 6%, * " ( # 3 *#'. ( #"& + * #( & = ) # * # " (5 - ). "' # 3 )2 # 3 # " "'. " # (Populus tremula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

"

(# 3 . " # " . ## # 3 "': # * . " # ' " # "* (-) "' 3 #% $ - # "* & . # , & 3 ,# / * # # & " " (# 3 , -# -3 '5 & & , $ & , )3 . . - " #% 5 &2 1 *), & + * & % 5 & %. . $ 52#%/ + # / " # * #' ")1 " ##%+ "# ) / -'+" ). " % )$& 6 ## 3 )$ 3 " # $%" - / % " $ .)5"' * 1 ( )2 "# *)"& " ) )$. & # & " ) "', # * , ) ("& / - " & / # & %/ " " *#%/ )$ /. & " # "# / -'+" # 3 & -% "' # " '1 " #'& "# +* / "' )* # $ ("'. " * $ 2 " #%. ) & 3& * / ' 2 # , 2 " ('? > $8'"#' "' , " % * " #& * & * '5 "' & & #6) ## 3 #& 3 .& , & %+ # $% #)5 : ) - # # 6 # "& +, * "& +, " (# "* 5"#) %+ " $ & . , 3 ' & + : . & " $ ## 3& -3 $ "' * . * ) " % * " #& &* 2#%: # # # 5 & $ ("' #) )3)5 " #) 2 * " " " $ & . " (' " #% " (# ( )5 * : - " " - " " # '. 0 - " 3 # & )3 % . * " # " " % " #& , & % * ' '5 "' ") # * %. 5 * %" * #% "& 3 " . 0 # / " (' " . ## )3 - ) # ## (#% " * " * ## "/ '1 # # " % & #6 . # "& # * # 5 " (' * ' ( ". 6). 7 ' ' # " )1 -* $ 3 " & " (' , # & 2 %+ 3 "', = % " #& . 4 + #& & # " $ ##% # % '5 "'. & ) # / $ " $%/ * ," & - 2 . )-# ( % " #% 2# $ - . $ # , " / " 3& * 2 (. # 5 (# " (#%+ 3 (& + &)" " $ -#%+ - * /. # "#% " $ ## " - # 2 # ' " #%. # $%" '5 "/ 2 " ( * " %* # ' - * , )2 - # "& (& # +. = ) "/ % 3) * ' ("' (& " ) , " " # " -) * * ) # 2#)5 * ). ## # * ), # # " + * . / " ( , && & - # 3 " $% & .& "/ # " 3) * $ ("'. ' * ' # ' "/ #)2#% $# 2 ## ' * " # ' 2# " (. = $% * & # "5 ) # 5$ '. = ) % " #& , * ' . "' " '#, " 5 "' # & )2 " . / 2# (, # * , # - $ . ##%/ * .#'/, $# 2 ##%/ & " / ) 3 . . ") / * # & 3 # $% . & &2 - # 2 "' " # ")? 4 + & & +-# $) ( ", 3 " ( - " % =&- * ' % = + "# + * %. ) %) % " #& " )2 -# & % # " * % " " (' . %" / # & * & # &). &) # -' "(? $% ( # = * ", "& * 5 & )3 " & & & +-# $) ( " #& . $# )2 "' # "# ' * $# " (: " # " # (# " (& & & # . $ (. ) & # , & %+ * " "' 3 - # (# $ -* /# " * %. ". 7. 7 - # (#%+ & #( " #% " & # % * %"& > & #( '# "' # $ (. "" '# & & #), & )3)5 " #). " # * 2 ( # - #' ("' "& *& & #', 2# )$ ("', # # # "' - " 3 . &, % " #& ") # # ,& &* $ 3 ,& % " 5 & #' - " 3 .> & # -% % & # % * %"& ( ". 7). # & # 2 $ ("' "' & $ & # %/ * %"& . # "* 3 5 "' # & # , & & $)" #% # # & , # #% )3 )3 -# (#% "" '# . & % - # / ) '5 "' ("& 3 " # ' # 30-35 . & "" '# 3)" ") #"&)5 " #) # " 3 ) .( )3 (' . # 3 " -) # * + .(, &) -' "' # + * %"&, 3 # / "' , & )# . & $ - , ") " # - # 2 "' * "& 5 (# & # % * %"& , . . 3 #% "* " $ . )" '/ " = -# (# # 2# ,

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lnus incana). > -# 5 # # 3 . ' # . & "* " # # , # & &" "' # ##% . 2 ) 3 " # 2 -# " ( # 3 # "# 3 . # .# " ' (/ " # (# # - # # # * & &" $ # # ': " %+ 3 & + " $ 1 #, (#% " (' " # + #%. (' $% # # %" & , " #& " & % " .> $ " # ', (# 3 5$ ' "# ' * . " * $ 2 # " + (/ . 4 + / " -) 2# )-# (: # # / # $% #% * & . 2 ' * & " # & & " $ (& , # # * " & . - # '# '/ / . #% &2 & # % " " 51 # - " 2& . # (# & & * #% . 2 ' -# /" 2 # 2 " % # #%/ 6 & , # * $ " 2& .# & . "# +, ' 6 # ', " 2& " (# ) #' "', - # %"%* "' $ (# ' 2 ' *% (6 . " % " (/ # "# +, 2 ) ( #(. , .# &. . #"& " 6 ' "# + %3 ' ' " " # . 2 -# /# * # " - #%.& & " )5 # # )5 & "&). > & / #% " 6 ' "* 3 5 "' * # "& (&) # " $%/ " $ (& /. - # / $ -)5 "' * '# " % . . & ," 2 1 & * "& " # (" $ # "& + & - # '= * %). < (/ 3 * ' # ' " ( . & ## 6 # " ( * ##%+ $ 3 "& + " %" : * & # # " %, *% (6 3 * # " "' " )2"& / 6 & # 2 #"& , # " #(. * *' " + # " *) .

". 8. $ 3 " + (/ "# + ( /)) ( # -)) " (' " + (/ * : # "& (& * / 2 # " (' '$ # : # & 2 (#% , " " % & #6 ( ". 8). # & # 2#'' " # " , " '$ # , * $ '. # + & + " . " * " (# " & , & 2 "', * 3 & 5 )3 )3 ) & & )*#% -)$6%. * " .( * $ 2 .(, & 2 %+ - & )*#%/ -)$6 " 5 ( - -)$ #, (& -)$ & 3 & . " (' " * $#% ")#& & ' # -% 5 '& * ( % . " #(5 (/ ) ' & "& + " + " %. # & & - # $% #% # #& -" " )3 . # * # 2 & " )# # 3 /# . / ( ,)& %/ & #% " ## '# & 3 # "6 5 "'. " (' 2 5 , & "# 5 , $) 5 , (/ - # . # # & 3 # * # ) " ' * - # & + " # . " (' * ( " 3 * # ' " 3 " 5 "' - #% . & # * 5 # 5. (/ # #( 6 ## . , (/ % / . 3 ' 5 (# # 3 * . " # "* (-) "' &2 " ' # & # * - " /. (/ # $% #)5 ' # . / ( " #) " - #2 3 6 . (/ % *# (& # # , # " % ) " -) 2# )-# ( * ' & +, * * (" # + & "& . 0 )3 / # . / ( & 3 # $% . ' (/ - & " (# " # . & ) * . . & "* (' & "& & # + #%+ 6 . ". 9. )$ #(& # & # " + (/ (-' # "& - ( 1 $ # + " $ ## " (/ . " " 2# %& * ( & # , 2# (, # # / & -3 5 "' 3 # (#% #2 % "& )$ & ", # * # 51 # 5 #% & % ( ". 9). > - " $ -#% "& )$ #(& ", # 3 "/ #% " & )$ #(& # & #'/ $ $ %/ " # +. 4 "(, & & ) $ $ %/, * " '5 "' & 3 # - %, & % * 3 1 5 3 - $ -#%+ % $ % 5 - " % " # # ', * " )* 51 * ). , 3 ' = ) " ' (/ , & & $ $ % , ' ' "' - " $ , # "# $2 * ) * #% - " % ) $ # ' . = ) " / - " + (/ *%.# - " 5 "' # & % " # ', " $ ## -% % # - " * # , & # -% % # : %. # # "' "' # & * . * .# + * & - %" & + & * % #% - $% # ' # (/ %/ " /. " "' $ (, & )$ #(& /, 51 /"' # & #'/ " + (/ , * " '5 "' # $ & , & & ) $ $ %/, " " )3 & 3 # - %- & # 6 %, # # -% % ) " % 3 $& . "& (& " - # 2 # " + (/ . = # . # # (# "/ # " " # +: 2 - # 2 ("' & & " # , & & # % * %"& . # & 3 # - # 2 # = + "# + * % " * 1(5 * %"& # "& (& "' - # 2 # ' " #%, # * "/ # =# 3 # . # % * %"& (/ ") # & 3 # ) '5 "' #"& 3 # & $ (. "" '# , & & ) " #%. # "* 3 5 "' # (. 5-6 " . 0 $ # "& + & - # ' &)" # & 5 "' ( , # 5 / . % 2 ## 3 3 # 3 " .0# / "' # "& (& * # # & %/ * # , # 6 ##%/ " & . # & ") " ( # & / '# " %/ " # +, ) & %/ / . % 2 # 3 #%+ " ,# (' / " 2 ' 2# # - (. > " # ' 5 # $ (.)5 %" ), # # %. # " '1 / &)" # & , " & / " # #& +. & " # ' % 2 $) " ( &)" # & . " / # + "" " "' " # (# &)" # & - # # 3 $ "' & . % ""& 2 # $ " / - # /, (& # $ "* " # ##%/. "#% &)" # & / . * "* " $ #% & 2 -# * * 3 ( , # " # # %# " %. 4 "( = " # '# (# 5 "', 6 ) * # "' , )"* .# "" '5 "'. # & "#% &)" # & * "/ # 3) 2 ( # " ,# " . ##

& % " . ) # - " 5 "' 2 3 - *%.# , "), $ (# 6 ) * # "' . = # # 3 ) (# 3 . % )2 3 , ") &)" # & $ # )3# #% (' . &, / ' "#% &)" # & 3) # (# " * * 3 ( , # # # " # #)2 5 "' = / " $%/ )" '/, # " '- #% "& 5 (# " "# + " +. 1 # # "# ' * $# " (. # 3 &)" # & " # )""& / " 5 " #% , ' & & . ##% * %. & "& / * $ (. + " & "# '. ' & & # " = * % "8 $#%, # ' & / * 6 " %+ $% #%+ & . ' * %, * # % "* " $" )5 "* " # # 5 " '#. ## * 6% 3 5 "# #)5 ( * # " " '# # . / "#%/ &)" # & . # # 3 / ( "" 5 "' " " #% "* " $ - " * 1(5 . &, * -# & "' " # & % &)" # & # . / " . .# &, 1 # (Corylus avellana) - &)" # &, - " #%+ # 3 . .# & # 3 *) 5 " " + (/ +: ) # / # # 3 * / 2 " ('. 4 % #& & ,# & %/ " ' " (', " (# 5 "'. 0 (/ # * 3 % , # *). ##% , ) .# & * & % % *% ##% 2 " & "& . (#%+ " &# * # & . #)5 $) &) " 3 & + # & #6 (= / . # )*)). & 2 *). # " ( # .& / " ( . "& .# & # -% 5 2 - " % , & & & . & , & % % # / & #6 /, * " '5 " $ + ( +. 2 -& . .# & 2# " ( -#%/ * / " , # 1 " 3 # " )$ /. 3)" ") &)" % .# & " $% , # -& " % : - "( "& -% "' " (# - # # . " % * " #& - # 5 * 3 - # (# * 2 # . " (' # & / "* 3 5 "' # + * "& " , " # 3 $ , # # - #'5 )3 )3 . 2) & 2 ) & )*#% " (' - * # #% " (' #(. 3 . ) "' & # -% ' " ' - & . > - * "* " $ # & "&) # ) " 1 # 5 * * 3 " . $% # .# & " - " ' , $ -) $ # / . % 2 ##%+ * " &. # 3 2# " ( ") # #% &)" %, "* 2 ##% # $ (. "" '# # )3 3 . & 2 $ - * ' "( ") &)" %# & ? ( / ,& % 3) (# & &)" , '2 % , # # * # "' "' , * 5 * $ - " #"& 3 " # '. & = * % "* " #'5 "' # "' & ? / * # " ? & -% "', * # " & / ") %" )* 5 $ & . > - (& 5 " $ # - ) - * "% & , " / . # "' / " # 3 " # )3 , $ & " ( / '5 & $ "* " $" )5 "* " # # 5 .# & . .# & 6 ## + "# +, & 3 ") 1 2 * " # *' # "# 3 . # - * %/ # + * #% & # % " 2& # 3 '/ )3 " (# ) #'5 "', * " 5 , " # ' "' 2 % . ) - # "& 5 "' -#% " #%, "" 5 " 5 *% (6), # * # 51)5 #& + 2 %+ * . &. 2& .# & * / 2 # " 2& $ -% (/ , = )2"& , % # #% " 6 '. #"& " 6 ' ) .# & * 6 & "* ' #% #) " $%/ * &. # " " ' - # # 3 / #( & / 6 & , "* 2 ##%/ * # + &) & +. ' 6 # ' % (& % (6 = / 6 & - #& # % )" & , & % *) & %" % 5 "' - " %/ $% #%/ * ) * &. -# # # %/ )" & - ) ( *% (6). * ' '5 "' # # " # "& (& #(. , # # "" ("' *% (6 : "* # 51 + ** 2 # $% ( 3 - $ 3 ## . *% (6 * * # )" &, * - . * # , # # "' * . ' # & & / * # # , * & # $% # ) * $ 3) " " (' . .( * - # , , 2# (, # & + & $) ) / . % .# & - 6 ##%+ * 1 + * )& . " $ ## / . # &)" - % / , ' / $ 3 & / " 2 60% " (# 3 2 . " ( / / &2

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onicera xylosteum). 0 = 3 &)" # & & " % #% * %$ " '1 & "#% '3 & " 3 . #). # "* 3 5 "' # & / $% # * * # . "#% '3 % / . #% " - # + " %. / 3& # / ' * 6%, & % * 5 "' = * . #' # , * # % "* " $" )5 "* " # # 5 " '# ## 3 " # '. %2 " %3 ' ' ** # ,# ' # " # # "8 $#%. "&)" .( '3 &) - * %+ # 1)1 "' " & %+ &)", # * " -) 2 ) " ) .( ) " (#)5 3 (, & ' * 3 # * / . # = &)" # & # -% 5 ( + '3 +. % 2 " " 5 + * # . 6 # " & #6 "#%, ) ( #(. # %. . < # & " , # * 2 "' #( & & '. < & 2 " # $ (. , $ % , # "& (& * ) + : %: # * " & "* 2 # /), % )3 / $ -)5 3 )**) # -) (" . ")# & # & +& ); = # # 3 * / 2 # & " ( "& + )& , 3 $ (. + * 6 & & $% * * " ' "' % " (#% . - # & 6 & %" % 5 "' *' ( ##%/ % # & #& + " $ &* " & . " (' " # ' 5 * (#)5 (#)5 : ) * & % % 3)" % & & *).& . ' # # & / ")* # , # * )3 3 . & 2 "* 3 5 "' * & " # '. 4 +2 " ( # ) # )-# ( * & - #& , $ % ,3 & " % * & ,& % #( # * # 5 & # 6. 2 $ % . # "#% " +" " # 2 " : # #( & *& ', '-& ', '2 '. > " +" " #% # . 2 # #"& # - # " # ', & * # )""& + -# " "# ' & " (". - " & 2 " * 2 )2 +#% . * , &#) 1 )3 * %, 3 $ "( " $ ' " (. #"& # - # 2 " - # 6 - # " ( $ # & # 6 ,2 . 3 XVII & . " # 6 / ## + &# 3 % 1 # - " "' " #"& # - # ' " # +, & % #% " ( ) #%/, 1 " 3 $ # & . ). # & ' (Frangula ainus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uonymus verrucosa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uniperus communis). > #" ##%+ / +#%+ &)" # & " # )""& / " . , # 3 # # " '1 3 6 %" + 56 " / . % 2 ##% #& " ## + )-& + & # +. # #(& + & * "! & 6 2# (# (& "), # # & % " , 3 $% % )$ # / +#%+ ". * # " 1 # # " ) " $ ## / . , 5 3)" )5, * #)5 & #). 22 (# & - "*) # & " "#%. # *%.# - " "' # & %/ * / " "# %/ " . > (# " 5$ " # . 3 " "# ") * ' ' "' . & "* " #' "' (, 22 (# & * 3 $ # " & " . & , * / ' * "), .( 3 1#% , # # - " /. 6 . " # ' " 5 "' (& 3 #%+ " " % & )*#% $ & % , - 3#) % & /), & & " $ . & ")/ 6 " $% 3 3 "* " " "#%. # )& -% 5 # , # & * . - "( .) " "# %+ $ . 3 $) "), # + & )*#%+ - " /. + =&- * ' 22 (# & , &) * 1 * , * /# * /# " ( . % 1) "* 6 : "& + (# * ' #%+ - * /, # * # 51 + - * / " #% (& ## 3 & # . . 0 (# , # "& (& # " &: 22 (# & " ")/ # 3 , " #% # % "'. & #%+ "& # .#%+" - * / (# ' " $ ## " ( 22 (# & . # 3 (& - * / " # , $% )-# ( = " # , 2 " # & /# " / # "( # # +/ #& . (# * ' #%+ - * / - 5 & 22 (# & " 2 +/ +* 3 # . # )* $ '5 "' ' &) # '. & 22 (# & * - ' - * &) $ &, * # -# ##%/ * & *)" ). $ (. + &)" 22 (# & ") # 3 * # 5 )5 &). # +" (# # # 3 * / 2 . # & "* 2 # / # & # " $ 3 )3 3 " # '" . ## # .0 / #& " ' 3)" , # * # , # )3 +, ) 22 (# & - $ & / ' " $ ' * , " $ -#% ' )" ) & . / #& 2 # & , & & ) , # * "& . /# + * /# " /

-

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ambucus racemosa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

" ('/. * /# " #%/ + $)- #% / . #% # $ (. (#% $)3 & $ 3 6 & . 0 $)- #% # # " ( # 3 " ##%, & & ) $ "& . & / # -# # - %, ' # , * # . $)- #%, 2 " % , 3& 5 "'. $8'"#' "' = -# (# + " * # , # / " #%, # # 3 %/ + * " + " 6 #%. & * " ' " $ + & & $% )$&) " #%, - * # ##)5 & #(5 " 6 #%. 0 )3 / # . / &)" # & " 6 # &2 $% ,# # # & 3 # - # & 3 $ (. 3 $8 , & & ) $)- #%. = # . # $)- # # " $ #%/. & $)- #% - & )*#% , '+6 #% , "* 2 ##% # " $ '/ ")* # . &2 "* 2 #% " (' - * " % , " 2#% , " " '1 - *' -" (#%/ " & . " " ( " 3& " ( " $)- #% - % * ) " ) " (#%+ # * ' #%+ - * /. = ) / & # ) - * /) $)- #) # ) # )-# (, 2 " ) " )& / & 2 "' # $ (. + &)" & " . $1 2 * - * /) " ( 2# )-# ( # " # +. > * -# & $% # # "* (-)5 * "* -# # " # +, # 2 $% ( #( * -#% . ,)- # & "# ' - &)" # &, & %+ * # & & # "* (-) "' & . & * # # # / ' (& * % $)- #%: 2# & ( * 6. # 3 " 2 * % "* (-)5 ' )3 + 6 " ' # 3 # #)5 * ") ), # * -%. 5 = & 2 "* " $ , & & * " & - & * ## + "& + * ") % * "& . ,)- #) #( # 5$' %. . ,3 " $)- # , / $% # # . # $%&# ## ' (Viburnum opulus) # " 3 6 ). # " 3 * & # # " $ % * "& " 6 ' , # * # 51 ( #%. 2 " 6 $ # * & 5 & )*#% # ' #% 6 & . (# & 6 & *' ( "# 2# -$ %/ * " & , " # % - ##%/ - $) 3 . #) , * " # ( # , # "' & # - # , & & $) $) #%. 2 "', " # (& - (& - 6 : "& % "( " % * % & % 6 & , " " (#% 1 # )"* "*)" ("'. 6 # " 6 ' " # $) #%, & & 2# * * 2 (, & # - #% 6 & , & & $) * # 2 1 )3 ) " # 5. " 6 '/ & #% " 3 * 6 & . (# +. ' ") ($ / )3 / " . ## # . )*#% # )2#% "%* 5 "' # 5, # * ,= .( & " %+ *)" 6 . 4 & #) ## * # " (5 %* #'5 " $ 3 "& # -# # : - # / & " # % " 5 * %. 0 & #% # 6 & " )2 '* # ' # " & %/- *% +, )3 ' * 2 # ' . 6 & / & #% # 3 # & , / / # * " 1 5 # " & % . # -/ . + # ". % & #% - # $ (. (#% '3 % ' & -& "# 3 6 . # " $ #% 6 % 3 - (' " $ ## #% * - # + " #(5, & 3 # &)" / & #% )2 # " ( . ## * - # + " #(5, * " * %/ - ,* % & #% " # ' "' "8 $#% . # 5 " $ -#%+ 3 (& -" & + &)". > * %, & # # , / # * 5 * 6%. % & #% " " " '$ & ) # -3 # , * " %. & # '5 " + 3 (& + &)". # # " "' & " ) & " ##%/ " # +. >&" & & % / . & " # 51 " " * #) ## / & # '/, # # -# "' &2 * ") 3 /) + " . # $ -6 & * # # * (# : * ( - * " #% " (' # # 3 # * # 5 " (' # 3 ,# 3 #(. + #%. "* 2 #% # # '/ ")* # . & 2 "* 3 5 "' * & . 4 + & #% 2# )-# ( * / & # +: * &. 2 ' - # / - & )3 ##)5 /).&) * / 2 # & * 5 %. " * & * # * 2 % & " $ 5, " # " " "( " # . ". 12. ( %& : & "6 & "# + ( ) " * ($). ( %& (Daphne mezereum). ## + "# +, "& * " 3 & & ") " "# 3, = &)" # & )2 # # 6 " . #& / 3 %/ * ) & / 1 # " ( ,# )2 # 5 "' # $ (. - % 6 & , * / 2 # 6 & " # ( ". 12). # 5

* -

' #%+ " %+ ,# * # 51 + - * / 3 6 # . > ). " % & " % 6 & # -(#%/ " ## / * & # . + "& # +" # +* %. < & ( 3 %& % " 5 * ' # " %/ * . 3 # / * $ 3 /. > ' # # . / . / & . # / & # ' * "& / ( , ) & %/ (& &, # * ,) & & )6 & # 3 "* 3 5 "' # * " " ## # " " . & 3 ' # # " # - # "& ) : '", -# "" $ 6 # ". & ( %& #) * # " * "&)5" " $ ## " (. 1 # # "# ' * $# " (. 0 ( 3 %& 6 & " ' # & / $% # # * # & , "&) ## , * 6 & " . # * ' '5 "' # " - " $ + * & . = + * & , & $) # , # 3 )3 3 # . " (' " # ' % " 5 - & )*# + /). # + * & , "* 2 ## + # " & #6 " $ '. < # ( 3 %& * 2 "' # 3 . < & $%" $ # 5 * 5 . = 2 ' * ' '5 "' " (' - # $ (. , " (# % '#) % , #6 # + : %. * ( # / % &)" & " & + " + ' & $ # # . & 3 " 5 * %, &)" # & # ( " # "' #( #% . " 6 & & ")5 "' # ' #% * % - $ " '1 & "#% '3 & " & " &) .# . # 2 # * & #% & & . > & " % '3 & , # & , ' %. ! " " # : 3 " (', , & # . & " (#%+ 23) + &)". ! % ' & * % ( 3 %& " )2 * 1 + # & % * 6 . 0 ' ("' = ) # * / "'. , ' ' # / 2 %/ ")1 " , 2 $% ( " . ## $ #% ' )3 /. = ) # 3 . ( %& - &)" # & # $ (. +; # $% # # * %. * #% "& 3 " . ") = " * " % &)" & " 3 - )/- / &. " * " ( &)" # & # & % " , # * " , # # # " 3 ) . , $ (# 6 * # " . & 3 *%.# 3 6 # ' ) " # ' ") # & 3 # $% . # = 3 * # * #' # . ") * " &)" # & $ # )3# #%, * #%. - # " ( %& " - # # . # , & # # , " ) +# . = 3 &)" # & " ', #( * # ' - # " '1 %& . * $) .( " ( &) - # 3 # * ) "', . &# " ' & . / "' "# (# * ) ("', * & & # & # 6 "'. " # - # " # '- " ( "- * & ' % " +" &)" # & . ( %& * 2 " "( # " , * (" # "' " $ & . = * ##% " .& )" #% "$ 1 & " ## / 6 . 0 ' ") 6 )1 + &)" & - $'(# # " (. && & &) ( ) # , % 3 5 " # 6 & , $ 3 # # $ (. . # & %/ " # / *%, # * 7 , = " # -$ 2 # * # 3 )# 2 # ' / #' "', -' * - 1 ) - & # . " " "# + ") 6 )1 ( %& - # " "( # * ## 3 " (, * $ 3 . - & 5 # 1 $ # + # "# + " $ ## " ( 3 %& . ") = " # " 3 " "' # #%/ =&- * ' , & % " # / ' "' (# & )3 )3 . # # & 3 # $ -) - " + , , * " + * # "* " $# & = ). ( %& 2# " (* )1 " ## %/ " /. # " / * / (# & , .( # & %/ ,3 "' * "( )$ #%/ " # +. # $%&# ## ' (Rubus idaeus). - "( $%, 2 $% ( # "# # " -# & %+ $ ( "#%/ * '#, * 3 #, % )$ &? # .# # " # # * & # . 3 # # ', 2 '6 # '. % (& & #6 ,& 3 # # # * # " (. # & ) #% " ( " # "#% " $ ## " . + * -# & "' " = " # * $# . $ # # , & & %3 ' ' * $ 3 #%, # & %/ " 5 * %. # " " ' & & $% )/ " +: ## 3 %2 3 " $ ',

*

#

51 3 "' , & & / - #%/ & " " (' . ## # = / & /, / '1 / 3 # 3 " $ ', % # / * %. ) # 3 ("', ##%+ " $ (, # * # 51 + #& + * ' + ") & , % " * % )1 3 ) * , - #% & * ' "( - * & # " )51 + 3 . 0 #% * % " 3 $ -)5 "' # + 3 2 -# * $ 3 . & 2 (# +. ' ") ($ & 3 * $ 3 ? " * # . # ' # - "%/ * # " (5 . (# , * $ 3 #% 2 ) (& 3 . 7 2 $ ) # * $ 3 #%? " "& * ( # - # /, # , # # # "' #& 3 3 - # (# 3 & #'. 3 2 & #', # # # 3 (. " 5 )3 * $ 3 , # 3 6 % / *) & . # * " 3 " - " ' ,3 (#% * $ 3 " # #% 2 ) " $ + & #' . 2 )5 "#) & # + " 5 # % % * $ 3 , & # " "* - 5 "'" " (. " #%. , 3 ' = ) - " #% " # ) 5 "' * * 1 , " (& )" ' ' " " # $ 3 * ' #%. - " '/ #% " 3 2# # + * $ 3 -# 3 - " . # -# / % , - #% , # # ") (& " ('. > - * $ 3 * 3 3 . )3 5 $) )5 & "&) 5 $ & % & " " (' * . > * $ 3 3 3 . ( " . ## ")/ , . . ##%+ &)" # & # , # * ? " # 2 ) &)" # & '# " % " # . 0 # " '1 / &)" # & * $ 3 2 ) $ (. )/ . "#% ). " % * % #% " / . -# & %. / ' " 2 , # / ' #( . + - ")/ + #% - / . * 3 ## " " . % #% / # * 5 # 3 2 #% * 6%, "* " $" )' "* " # # 5 " '#. % #% " # -% 5 '3 . # & " $ # "& + & - # ' = # # . " '1 '3 % " 5 "' ) # & , & 5& %, # 3 . - "( * " " # +. # " " - # 2 " #(& / '" " %/ &)" & , " ". /"' 2 ) " $ +. 2 %+ - # / #( # * # .#5 & . #%/ : "# )2 - " # ' '& (, #) #(& ' & " & . & + " 2#%+ * $ # & # -% 5 "$ # + & " '#& +. $# 3 2 * * % 5 " ## & #%: 2 & , & " '# & , &) # & , .& . # 6 ## # (& " * .> -/ . # "# " # .< & $ 3 %# & . 0 "#%/ " # + " 5 "' & # -% % &)" # & . > " # ' * / 2 # &)" # & , # 5 "' # / " : # -# (# #(. * %" . " " (# ) # / & 2 , & & ) &)" # & : " $ / 2 ) # "& (& , * & % % #& " * $& , #) "# 5 . . )" # & ") " ) # ' )" " . = ) " 3 ' # '# * & "), '# &)" # & . * , &)" # & 2# " ( # "'& / " /. # / & #% ' / +#%/ " - " "#'& (# & & " ") " )5 . & " ##%/ " /. $ 3 " &)" # & " / # + "" # & : / 1 #(. , &)" # & . $ -# & % - # / # & $ )"# & . # / % # # # . ""& -. # & (Vaccinium myrtillus) $ )"# & (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). - # + " #(5, * " 3 & & %* * %+ "# 3, & -3 " "# ") 2# ( " ##)5 & #). / #& 3 "# 2# 3 * & # 2 " & & /- * " %/ &)" & " 3 % & ,# & %/ # # # # 3 " . 3 ' . "(, .(, ) &)" & # -) " ( & & $% 3 #%+ " , %. # 3 / ' $ & % "") ('"; " # ' "& * / 2 # & . #% 6 " . & +, "& " + & # +. & %3 ' * - # + " #(5 # & . 4 " = ' & 2) "' "& - #% " *) . # & "$ "% " 5 " ) # - ), = # . # # * / 2 # $ -), )$, *) )3 # . " ##% ('. - # + " #(5 " $ ## / . #% %

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

=

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ctostaphylos uva-ursi). > # - #%+ &)" # & " * #% , & 2 " % " (' - # " '1 + +# & $ )"# & . &#'#& # * %+ -3 ' +" (# #( # * # $ )"# &). 0 # * & 2 * : " (' #( * / 2 * % - # $ (. & "#% . & ( ". 13). " # " " " $ )"# & + " "# %/ " /. *) ( $ = " # ' / * % #( 3& . & ' . $& # 3 2 * " & # * ' #% * " " ' . " %# # ") & ("' $ )"# & + * = * . $& -( * &#'#& 2# " ( -)$%. #) & "# + "'3 & " # / "' #( ' & " & , * / 2 ' # $ (.)5 $ #&). '& (, & )2 51 ' & " &),

* # "8

* "/

&

(# : # ")/ ', ) # " ', # "& (& * / 2 ' # &# ( # - # " # '). ** #% # * % &#'#& "

&) . ##

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innaea borealis) - * 2 )+, " %+ #(& + - " / # . / "#%/ &)" # & . # - " %+ # -& " %+. ##% #& # #% " $ = 3 " # ' " 5 "' * * * /# " / 3 * & ,# * # '"( /. " $ ## , / ' #( #& , " 2 " " # & ,& &) ,- # "# . . > / . # , " * * $ ( ( " $ (. " (' " # ' & , # $ (. )/& * # + # & , & )3 + (# + : %, " # 3 )*% -)$ & * & 5. "* 2 #% # # " $ ")* # ,* * # . * 6 # ', # , ) " # ' 2# ( #& * # 51 "' & /) & -6 # "% # +"* #) & # . . /) 6 # " -'1#%/ $ %/ 6 & # $ (. + #%, # * ##% -#% " #%. # #( # * # 5 * : & & ( & " 5 "' " 3 * # &. , *)1 ##% # -. & " # * / #' " 5 *% (6) # & # '* 2 . #(& / & & ( %/ 6 & # ## * ' " ' 6 # " - / & # ' " $ ## " ( # +, & '* - ' 3& ( )3 / * / 2 / # # "#%/ " # +. < & ## 5 * ' #%+ " $ -#%+ - * /, # * # 51 + - * / # # '. # - * (#%/ $ 3 "& / " $ ## " + ## 3 # (#% * %-* * %. # # # $ (. & # * '# 3 - # . > #(& ")/ * % "# $2 #% ( +. & 5 & 3& * 6 * '5 "' & 2 & & . " 2 #%/. & * % 3) " . ( (# *) . " ', "* " #' ("' # -# (# "" '# . # . + " # ## ' #( . & 3 3 : "& "* " # # : # " "' / +#%/ " / - * #%/ " #%/ 3 # 6 .> " # * # 2# , " '- ## " / +#% " , $ " # , , # 3 ', $ (# . "5 * "/ 3 # - # . ## ' - $ ( 3 #% $ . " %/, 1 " 3 %/ " . & * "/ 2 # " " ## '"? (, * ), )2 3 "', ## " # # - # " ( "# * 2# & # ) # + " " & - -# # 3 . "& 3 $ # & ## '. "& $%&# ##%+ (Calluna vulgaris). > &)" # & - % +# # * / & * . 3 1 " 3 2# " ( & / " "# %/ " /, & % " ) # #( ")/ $ # * (#% 1 " * "& . & " # ', 51 "' & +# + # $ (# " (5 & * ## ) * 5, "* " $# " (5 " # " $ ## $ #%/ * /, # -% 5 3 : . ( = + 2 3 )** " # +* # 2 " "# .)

"& # " "' & " ) 6 & %/ " # +. & 3 = &)" # & # 6 , # $ (. * / 2 # & & - / +# . " (' 3 - % +# & , & & * 3 ( % . # # * # 5 " (# ) #(. ##% / #& . " (' "& " / #'5 "' # " # # "& (& - )5 - #% . # " ( "& #( " $ -# . # " " # "* & ", & & & 2 "' " * 3 -3 ' , # * # " (5 - &#) % )$ & . (> ) . " 3 2# (* & "& * # * * # - " .) ' )-& 3 " #) % # * " * & " 5 "' )3 " )3 , " '' #) # $ (.)5 * " (. = ) * " ( & % 5 "' " ' # 3 " ##%/ )" ( 6. ( # "* 3 5 "' (& # #) ## +, . . # 2# +, " # " .) , 3 ' ) " " #) )$&), - ) #' "' 2 # - )/ & )" ( 6, " (# , "* # . & " # " * "* " $ # & ) #(. # 5 * 3 " # . ' "& , " )1 3 " # #( ")/ + * , - % +# 2# " & ( # ) * 5 % - " ( . " '- " = ) " # ' % $ "( " $ ', )$ ': " . # # , ' " # ' " %+ ) . + "* " $ -$ 2 ( * ( % 2 ( )" ( 6 " ' - & % % . = " ( # - 2# , & & & - )" ( 6 * " )* )3 & " %+ 3 -, # $/ %+ ' : " # - . " # 5 * # * / "' ' # & % (" )" ( 6 . "& 6 * - # , & #6 .< # #( # ,& " . /# & " # ' * & % 5 "' # 2 " " # - - %/ & / 6 & . " 3 & & 6 # - & # "', 6 & * # #'5 "' * & "& . # 1 3 " / #'5 " + # ' #%+ , / ' * "%/ 5 . , "& - = & & $% " $ -#%+ "# + $ "" # &. 6 )1)5 &), * " ( -) $ %- # 3 $) " ("' # ' # + & " +. % "& #(& & $ & , & %/ " 5 #( & " # . # # " (& %, 3& -# "' "' ,* # # $ (. "" '# . & ,) -#%/ # . / &)" # & "* " $% "* " # # ' " '# "( #%. 0 # /, & & ) # & , $ )"# & &#'#& , " # -# "' "' 2 #% * 6 ,* 51 * %. 0 )3 /, & & ) ## , " # "* " #'5 "', * 6 * ''"( & 2 & . " 2 #%/. 0 "& 2 -# " & " '# %" )* . "& # " "' & " ) # "#%/ " # +. < & 3 " 2 # 3 # & . # & "& %+ " $ -#%+ *& + &)" " 3& 3 (& . 4 5$& - # # ' (Chimaphila umbellata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

1 # $" ' (" . "#%/ " ( & ,& % # 5 ' # 3 * * # ' #% * " , " 5 "' #( # 3 / - # / 5 "( . & "* " # # . > " $ -#% # :: # #% " # '. + * ( & "" # 5 (#%/ "#%/ . -# & "' "# " - # /, & % / & #% ' / +#%/ " (# & " "#'& . ". 15. " 6 " 6 $%&# ## ' (Oxalis acetosella). 3)" # " (# & # & $% "* .# + * & - & " 6%. * %+ -3 ' & 2 "', $) )3 % - "( $1 # " ) . * .#% - " & " 6% $% 5 # 3 " "#'& /. " 6 #(& , / )*& " # , & & $) " " '1 (& - # / " ( , & % - %. 5 "' # * +. 2 %+ " (#% (& * / 2# " & ( ". 15). " 3 * 2 ( - 1)1 "' & " %+ &)", & & 1 '. "5 * "/ # - # " # ' - "& " 6 ". 1 $ ) # # 6& # - # = + #(& + & - "& " %+ & ". " (' " # ' $'- #% " & " % &)" * ") " 5 " + 1 + & " %. # $ 3 % &2 # * # "8 $#% 2 "% . - # / 2# * 3 ( &2 ")*%, " )"%, " %. ,& " 6 2 " )2 ( / . # $%&# ## 3 1 '. (& " & " 6% $ 5 # # "#% " +" : # "* " $#% "& % ("' ( * # & (. & $% , # * , * # " )* # # # " # + * 3 %. & % 5 "' " (' # # (. # & *)"& # " ( 2# %- ( "&)"" ## , " * # " 3& ) (. (& 2 # ' / $) ) (# ##% , # #% '3 - . " (' *)" ' "' # # "& (& / #) . ) . " 3 = * ( "# +, & 3 ) & " 6% (& * ' "( ' " -- # ' " . $% ) (, & & 6 & " 6 ,# * + " # " # '. = ' ) # * ' '5 "' # $ (. $ % 6 & " - % #& . 2 %+ - # / " # & #6 #& 3 " $ (& . < & , & & " (', - %. 5 "' # * /# " (5 * %. # / . #% ") $ 3 ' " + $ + & "& . % & " 6%, # * , ( ) # . "'& " ) # # $ " 5 "' 3 - . * " ' " $ + #(& + - # %+ . &, & %+ "* 3 "' # & #6 #& 3 " $ (& - # " " , 3 "# + $% 6 &. > . & * ) ( $ (. & # * '# 3 - # . & + # - #%+ * , # & , # #( # "# " +" # "* " $ # & & $% - % ("' * & "# # '. * $)+ - " '/ & " 6% # + # "& (& * . % ' / " # ', " 3& " ) ' * (6 "# # - # /, * )3 +, +. " " # / & 2 "' / ( #" - . +* , -& 3 1 # )"* %"%* ("' " # , - " 2 "5 * -. #) . "( & 3 . & , % * ) " ) & & +&, # . / * (6 / "( & "& * "& ' 3 # . > * " %" " " " # . & + "* " $ & # 3 %$ "% # ' " '# " "' " (# # " . * , " $% ( #% , # "& - (, * " " # "" ' ". & # " ## , # # # * # # & & 3 ) " ' -$ "% # " '# " "' " . ## * "" #% . # % 5 * +" " %, - & 5 ## + # / " / ("$ &) " # "' " $ * "* " $ # , +" )51 & & & 51 ' * )2 # ). " %" " -* & " 6% %$ "% "' # "& (& & / %2 %/ " '#. # $ 5 / . + "/ 2 " (5 5 # % " # ' . 0 "/ & " 6% "# * ' '5 "' #(& (#% " ' , #& . #%/ " & +2 : %, & & ) - " 3 " # '. " 6 - " # 3 # -* 2# , # # " "' " '# # " . - " % =&- * ' % 5 * -) * $ 3 ,& % , - " '"(, 3) * 3 ("' * * /# " * %. = /* $ 3 " 5 )2 -# & % # "& #% " " ('. # & * +"& + (Trientalis europaea) - / & # " # 3 " .> -

# $ (. ' & " #& 1 / " $ (& , # . # & 3 # "& (& ) # ## (#%/ " ( , # * ##%/ -#% " #% (" . ")# & # & +& ). (# ' " $ ## " ( " # ' - , " (' "* 3 5 "' " + /# + " " $ '. 4 " )5 = / " ( $% " (. & #6 "#% ) " # & * ' '5 "' 6 & "# 2# -$ %/ & " %/ - & " & * #)5 # ). 0 & 2 3 " # ' $% # (& #6 &. > -'1#% $ % - & # (-' # (. # " # " ' "' * ) & 3 " . 6 & " # & , & & * , " ( * " & . "5 , ' # , * - . # - # " # '. " " ( * # & 3 # " "' " (# , 6 & ## 3 " # ' " " (5 * " & & 2 & " . " & % # && +# & ' # . * -3 ' # 6 &" # & & 2 "', " 3 * " & " . ## " $ #%, # " " "( )3 " )3 . = * # . $ # . 3 6 # - & # "', " " # ' * 5 # 5# (#% * " & , 6 & "( # & "' $ ' - & . (#% * " & 6 & " " "( # 6 . # & 2 $" ) * ) %" ## 6% " # & ( $ " # ' # "' "' & " +" ) * 6 #%/). , ) " # & % " " ) +, & 3 # #( 3& (# * ": & & + ) " # ' # & - " $ # * " #%+ # . < & " # & 5 $ )5 & "&). (# , & 2 & . #% 6 & ) # 3 / )3 / " # +, " 51 /"' (# & /. > , & # # , # " ) +# . , % 6 & ) . " / )3 / % '5 "' * ) & 3 " , / $%" # / ' # " & % - *% . # & # " "' & " ) # - #%/ " # +: 3 # - # ' " ( & - "%/ , . & 2 ) " $' # & % )3 " # ' / +# 3 " . " # & "' # / , # # 2 ( - "%/ ( #( # , & 3 * " )3 "#% % " ' 1 " " - #% . # & " # # 3 # . 4 ) ) # 3 #& 2 & # 1 , "* 2 ## ) " + * /# " * %. "# + # # # % * $ 3 " " (' 6 & . +# & ) " #%+ (Maianthemum bifolium). > #(& ' "# ' & #( -'1# ' 6 # '. * # "' # $ (. + #& + " $ & " ) ' " (' " 6 # +: %, # /) - %/ " 6 & /& / $ %/ 6 & " * ' #% - * / . * & &" $ # # = "& # "# " # ? & +# 2# " (5, / )*& " (5, # 5 # " (5. < +# & " # ,* # ' " # %. . -'1# " # # " "' & " +" ) +#%/, # " ## # %.), 5 (* #), . # & 6 & 3 " (# 5 "' * " )" # 5 6 & # 3 / " ## & : # / (& % * " & (" $ # "& + & - # '-= * " 3 & 6 # & ). , +# & - # " " * #%+ * " (" +" +#%/. - # + " #(5 ) +# & " 5 & " % * %#(& # % '3 & # + " $ #&). # # * # 5 " (# ) #(. ##% '3 % & 5& %. = ) * ) +# & " " # + , '6 # '. 3 2 # " -) 2# )-# (: " # ' " "' (& # #(& + ")/ + " $ &, # & #6 & 3 # 5 "' & # % . & . > '3 & " / #'5 "' #( 3 " + - %. ) "', # * % 5 6 % # % . + "# 3 "), & " % )$ # % $ " #& " 1 " 5 "' # " $ (& /. % +# & " & % , # 5 # * ' #%+ * &)". > '3 & ' %. * ,# & % * 6% * 5 * % +# & $ - "'& 3 ' " $'. +# &, & & # 3 )3 "#% %, - " # # 3 # . - #% " ) # 3 & * 3 $ 5 , # * - #% " 5 "' 2 % . ## # / * "' 2 -#( ") - # '. + ) +# & #& , * & & 3 : ( & # . ,

& # # 3 #.

1 . "6

& #6 3 * & , - & + & . < )1 =&- * ' %

"# + +# &

5

"' # %+ " $ ( " " (' , " , # 6 )1 (&

7 ). #& & )3 " # ' (Pyrola rotundifolia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ctaea spicata). #% * % "#%/ " # + "8 $#% # "8 $#% 1 " 3 $% 5 & "#% . ## & 3 6 # ) #% 2 " , & " '# & ( 3 %& , +# & '# & . #% * % " 5 "' 2 : # " (, # * , ) & ). #%, # & . #% * %, * / 2 # '3 %, "# '# " " # # 6 & " " %+. ,& " ## " # * % , " 3 $ 1 # = # # . $% # (# '# " " $ (& 6 )5 3 - ( #%/ $ " '1 / '3 (# + : %. & ' 3 )** * * / 2 # # 5 #)5 3 - ( # 3 # 3 ,# (& # # " . "' # -, * ' /. % #6 5 ** #)5 # .# " (, # # ' %. " ( / # & " ) # (-'. ") $1 # $% ( " 2#% : # & 3 # (-' " ( # -# & % '3 %. # 6 % ' "' " "#%/ -= " # (# & )*# . %" # -& &# & % "#% * * # & . " (' $ (. , . & , # # "* .#% , " (# "" ##% # & (& . "# + # /) " $ ' 2# ( # $ (. * # " 6 & /$ %/ 6 & , - # * # 51 / 6 & $)- #% (" . ")# & # & +& ). # , # 3 /) , # 6 " ## & 5 & . # & = ## &: $ " # ' # "' "' & # ) ) 2 " +" ) 5 & %/. , # 6 - # = " +" " $ * 2 # , # " " $#'& : ) # 3 " #% * %, & & / # ) )3 / 5 & %/. # 6 2 " )2 ( / . * "#%/ '# " %/ " # +, & % # * '2 # " + " + 2 -# " 5 "' # # 2 " . ## " # # # ##%/ & # 1, # * -) / # - #%/ * $ 3 . ") # 6 " 3 " "' (#% =&- * ' , & " '1 )3 )3 . > - # - " # (# & / # . / "#%/ " # +. $% # % # /

3

# & %/ * / (# & , ,3 # 3 & " 6% )$ #%/ . # 6 & (Moneses uniflora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epatica nobilis). & #6 * ' - # ' # ) 6 / "& %, # #3 # & %/ )3 / 3 2# ) ( * 2 # $ (. $)& & & " %/ 3 )$ %/ " " # % #& 6 & . 2 %+ 6 & # - & " - & )3 ##% ) . > * "& $ 3 # ', * # # 6 . " # 3 #% $ " /" -- * #%/ $ " + * +"& + " " #%. < * "& #( # , & & (& " + "# 3. .( = ) * ) * (# &) - # * (' (& & - # 3 / # ', )"& ' - #( * . / " # +. )3 "5 * - - ' & + 3 )$ + 6 &. - # )3 +, +, %+... 4 6 * "& ! - %. "' # + #& + " $ &-6 # ", # & #6 3 & " %+ 6 &. #) 6 & # 3 -'1#%/ $ %/ % # &, " 6 # "& * # ( +. / - # %/ * " & . & "& 6 & * "& , & # # , # "& (& # * / 2 # 5 &, # " # 6 & ) # / # 3 $1 3 - : * " & , $ % # & * " & . / " # " ) +# : 5 & * "& " ## & , $ " # ' # "' "' & " +" ) 5 & %/. * 6 # ')* "& " ( # (& 6 & , # * . * "# 3 # -- #% " (', 2 1 # . / : # $% # : " ' * " #& " 3& # - # # $ (. * " . & / " ( # " .( # ) & & / )3 / # . / " # +. . " (' 5 $ -# ##%+ "& * 3 $ 5 . 3 " # 6 , # " #) % " 5 % , # & + 2 : %, # (& " -- #% /# % "& . # # # 5 , '5 "& . "& # - # # 3 / # . / "#%/ " # +, ) & %/ 1 " " # "- 3 #%" $) #%. / 2# # + & )*#%/ * & /, & % "* 3 5 "' ) " + * /# " . "& .( * &), .( $) # " " 6 & / . #%. " ) (# , * " & $) )1 / 6 & / ' %, # )2 5 ' &)5 3 )$ )5 & "&). )# $) #%+ (Lycopodium clavatum). " ) $% #%/ $ + / +#%/ " # " "' * )# $) #%+. > " # " "' 3 #% $ " # +* # * +"& + " " #% 2 ' 52#%/ $ " + -# & . ". 16. )# $) #%+ # .# + * )# #( " $ - #. 0 # 3 ##% #& " $ , /# % # 3 " ##%/ & / " ( ( ". 16). $ ( " "' * , ' # $ (. $ & % # '. 2 ' ' (- & # "' #(& + & " & + - #& /

$ %/

"& . -) + " $ ( * )# # * # ##%+ - #%+ .#) " 3 # 3 # "& (& / #%. 2 "', "' * ( 2 # " . ## " $ # . * * $)+ * * #' ( % $# )2 , " $ ( # & %/ " / * & * # & & #' . )# - " # # - # . # " 3 # & - + . #' "' 3 $ & 3 ,& 3 # %"%/ . = )* * )# " "* (-)5 $ " #%/ + # / & & - #( ' )& . # ' * & # / - /. & ' - #( # & 3 # ) ' 3 & 2 "' " 2 +. " )" ' ' 2 -# * )# " # $ 3 * ' #%, * -) / " $ + " # ' / ' / " $% ##% & . # - & # 5 "' )-& 6 # "& 2 % & "& . # + / # "& (& )/ *' (" . ". 16). & "& / " 5 # 3 " ##% "* %, & % & #6 %"%* 5 "' $ (# 3 2 3 * .& . 2 ' "* # " (& , (& & "& *. > ( +. ' & & , " 2 1 ' # 3 " (# 3 2 , $8'"#' "' 2 ' & "& . # , & & *% #& , 3& * / % "' 2 " $% )# # . * % " )2 " " - # 2 # ' * )# . * # * ) # + ' $ 3 * ' #% )" ', # * " 5 . -# ##%+ *) ( * )# 3 " 2 #. " " # ) # # $% #. > - # - +# " (# 3 , & ' " - " # &) # & )2 # - .( & 100 # - . & 2 *) ( ' * )# ? - "* % "# % " #(& " #( 6 , " . ## # * / 2 # - " %+ * )#. > & # -% %+ - " &. # ## $ (. & )*# + 3 . #%, * : # # 3 # * # *). * ) , = * " 3 - # 3 * )# " /# % ' , & %+ % ")! 2 $ # & 3 # -# ")1 " # ) * )# - " & . 4 " & " )2 & & $% * 2) #% = * 2 -# * )# . " " # 3 #( 2#)5 (: - "( * "/ * # , " '# )2"& + 2 #"& + * %/ & &. (& * " = 3 2 * ' ("' # " " -# & %+ - #%+ $ (. + * )#. -#( 3 # # "' # - " & : # " - "( * ', & & 6 & 3 .& . = #(& " # )2 2# )-# ( * )#: ) # 3 #& + - #%+ " $ & " & / & #% " (' , & %+ )" ' "' /, & " ), #(& + & . &, * # & 51 + * ). / ' 3 %, * )# - " "', " # "' " $ (. $ (. . * # - " % # "' # "& - 20-30. - " & * 3 $ "& * " 3 ,& &# # " + * )#. * % * )# * " + #( "* (-)5 6 # * -3 # # & %/ * 5 (, "& / * "%* & . . * 2 # # / . & * # # ) 3 . ' 3 $% * ) ( &) " #( 3 & + * /# " (5, : ), &) # , " 3& * "%* * .& "* . * & " '"( " "* ##% , "* % 3# ## "3 5 . 2 ) : + & + # & & 3# # & -% "' #& ' * " +& - 3 - , & % $ "( * "3 # "* . > # )* *#) ( & : . " " % # ' & 3& %# "' * ) "' #( 3 & +. * % * )# (# $ (. & " - 3 5 "' "* 6 (#% "$ 1 & " 5 "' # * #% *)#& %. $ / "' " )51 $ - . 3 # " " ## 3 %"%* # ' "* - & "& "$ 1 & ) ", 3 " ( - " * )# . ) . " 3 = ( # ) , * " . 2# 6 - 5 * 2 . , * #% "* & "& " $ 5 " " )51)5 ). 4 & "& "). * 1 # , * 2 # $) 3) * #)5 & #(, -%, & % . . # & ' & "& # # 5 "*% (" "* % %"%* 5 "'. # . / / +#%/ " / 2# " ( # (& * )# $) #%+, # # "& (& )3 / * )# . ('## & )3 + (Melampyrum pratense). # , # 3 -# & " # *

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oodyera repens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

- 6 & * " " $ -)5 "' * % #( #(& & $ & . # / " 5 ( +. " # , * 3 # & " %"' & 2 + & $ & . 2# " $ * " (, # "& (& # %. & " # * # #% * " % 3 - . "" & 2 3 - " %"' #% 3 . " # , # " '1 *% #& . # , & & & + * . &, 3& * / % 5 "' & - )/ . #) ## " # / - % +# * " : # # & & / & & .& , " $ (& , " ( , & & ) # 3 / )3 / " # +, (& # # ' & #( & /& &. & % 2 " # * "& /, & " %/ / +, & % % 1 5 #2 '/. < %* 3 5 # 3 )" , $% * " ( = "*% #& " * ) ( - # / - " % " # '. ' ( /* / "' # * ), " $)5 * (#)5 " ), #)2 # " $%+ )/ . . # "# 1 # " $ ## " ( 3) ( %. " " 2# ( " # - / , # & # " , 2# ) ( * - #% 3 #% 3) ( % (# ## * -) & # 1 " / '1 # 3 & #' . # 3) ( % # $% #% ' & + #(& + & " % , & & "* & . ) 2 # 3 & , " . ## . ##% $ & %/ # + " # (# & & . 2# $8'"# ( = " ## " ? & -% "', # * /# " & # + - " "' 3)" + + & - # +. / # + & "& * "& / 3 $& , & % 2 ) * , - & # -% ' & - . 3 $ #'5 " # 5 & # % "& : # * 3 1 5 ) - * %. = / )" '/ #& # ' & #5 * " # #)2#%. $ (. ' # 2 . 7 $, * " ''"( # & #'/ 3) ( %, * # " - " #)5 * (-) " # 5. # & # * ) * = * ##)5 %3 ) ' " $'. 7 $#% 3 :% * # & 5 2 % & & # )2# 3 " ' & #' - & 5 ) 3 # "& 1 " . & ' & - * ) # - # #) ## +, =# :# +. $ - 3 $ 6 & 3 " # ', * ), % $ "' #( # . # "# , $ & -% 3) ( 2 ( # 2 . )2 " " 3 $ " 2 -# ## + * $# " (5 " # '. 7) ( #)2 "' * ") " 3 $ # * '2 # " + " + 2 -# , " " 3 * ' # '# " . 2 " # # 3) * " $ -) " ' 3 $ . ". 18. 8 (# & 8 (# & $%&# ##%+ (Hypopitys monotropa). +* # , & 3 )2 * "* # & , ") * ' ' "' # " # #( " ## " # . ) # * (' # 5 "' " % $ # -2 % " & , * * # 51 * .)5 " ) / 5. " # " 5 "' 6 % 3 )** . 1 # + # " & # . & 5 & $ -# - 3#) % ( ". 18). " & * " * ## ) #'5 "', # # & ' " 5 "' " 3#) % .( * -2 " " %* ' '5 "'. 2 %+ " & * & % .)+ % " (' , # 3 /).& "*)"& 5 "' 6 & . " " # " . ## # $ -#)5 $ #)5 & "&), # % * # - "& . < & & 2 , / 2 # " -) .(: # # # % '5 "'. " # , & (, # -% "' * 8 (# &. # 2# ""& - ( # 3 # "# 3 . > & +* 6 & %/ " # +, * # " (5 . ##%/ - # + & "& # "* " $#%/ & : " # -). 8 (# & # / : 2 ")1 " (, * ) ' .( 3 )5 3 # "&)5 * 1). = # * - . "* " $) * # ' # "/ # " "#% . '* #% 3 $ # " "' & " ) " * : . & " # ', & & % -# , 2 ) ") - " - 2 # ' %/ " (#%/ " & , # & * 51 /"' # * /# " * % /# / " '/. , * 8 (# & 6 & " # ,& * "* " $) * # ' "/ # " 3 $ . 8 (# & * / 2 # 3 $% * # .# " . , * = + * # =" #6% # -% 5 3 seen-lill, -# "3 $-6 &". 0 # # - # ! - 6 & * 8 (# & & " # $ -)5 "' * % # $ (. / (#%/ & $ &" - % +# & , & & *% (, " # . ( & " # )" '/ " %3 # . ( # #( ) 3& * / % 5 "' 2 " $% & - )/ . "), & & - " # , # $% " (# 3 .

8 (# & - " # # 3 # , # * ' ' "' & 2 %+ 3 # # 2 " "). * $ 3 3 5 & &)5 2 -#(. # * # 5 "' # * /# " ( # # * 2 (# ' (& ' 3 , $% - 6 " (" # . "5 " (#)5 " ( 3 " # " " 2 "'" * +. - # "* 8 (# &" # " " ) # : " # , & % ""& - , " "' # (& (# & /, # )3 / * / " . 3 # 3 2# " ( 2 )$ /. *** $ "' * ( & , / & #% '. & " ##%/ " )$ . 4 "( 3 "* " ) " $ ' 3 )** '# " %/ " # +, 51 / (# & )*#% . & " (', - )$ # . & ( . # & %/ " # '/ )$ % " + " ""& 2 . ". 19. *% #( *% #( * +"& + (Asarum europaeum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arex pilosa). # 3 ) 5 , " & - $ $ "% %/ )3 . & * " # # " " * (# . " & " ) # (& # $ /

"% %/ )3 /. / 2# " ( " /, )# /, " *'/. " ( # , & & # " ## , 2 *)" %#'/. (& -#%/ " / - #% %. " & - " # # 3 ( (& # + "& "& + $ " , # * , /$ * )" # ). . & " ##%/ " / " ) " % " &. 1 " 3 - "( " "' " & " " '. > " # # & $ -) "* .# + # -- #%+ * & * * 3 )$ 3 " $ ## * 3 " . "5 ), &) # -3 '# .(, - )-& , # . & # . , # #% " ('. ' " ( '3& & " (' # * 2 .("'. " " ( # " * " (# " 3 & +, / . #% * " % 3 # 3 " ##% "& , # & & " #& . " (' = 3 " & " (# *). #%, 3 # # - # " " +. *). ## " ( - # 2#%+ (#%+ * -# & ## + " & . )3 / & / " & ") # . 3 $% % # * . ", " & " " ' " 3 - # . & # )/ " #(5 * "# 3, & - ) . " "& * ( + "# 2#%+ * & , 2# ) ( - #% )-& # % " ( . 3 # " )* "# , # " #) " % , * . " (' % " 5 # % . / " -) 2# ( * $ $ # + & "& . # % " (' # 5 , " % * " * ## - "%/ 5 . +) " & " " + ##% #& & # 1 , # 1 " * # + "* 6%. # "* " $#% $%" "* " #' ("' " " #%, # / " 5 " ('. , 3 ' & ) " "* - # 5" & # 1 " # - / % # % , # " & ") * # - # 2 "'. '" # " 5 , # "/ -# / * # & 3 # * ' ' "'. " # 5 . " %+ " + * . / " ( . < " & , & & # 3 # . "#% %, "# +. ' 6 # ' #( #% )2"& & "& - " -2 % % # & & " & , * # 51 "' # %" & / " $ (& /. #"& & "& , # * , # # * & 5 & " $ # # '. # " " ' - #& +, & & # (, " , # & + " ' * # & & - # % 6 & .> 6 & * / 2 # #(& * & & & 3 . & #6 & 2 3 6 & $ %/ )" & - % (6 . - # , & " # , - 2 #"& 3 6 & " #(& +, " * "'# - # , - ) %+ - #%+ . &, #) & 3 * 1 "' 1 $ & + * - . &. #% ( $%&# ## ' (Aegopodium podagraria). & # " " # ' )$ %/ " "* " $#% - " ("' "* .# 3 * & * # $ (. + * 1 . # 3 # / " ) # #% =&- * ' # & 3 # " 5 "' "" . . ## # " $' "#% (. " )$ ") # 3 2# (# * $. #% 3)" % - " = 3 (# & )*# 3 '# " 3 " # '. 4 " "#% # " (& 3)" %, "* .( * & % 5 * ), " . ## # " '' " $ # 3 * " #" . (# , # " " ' (& - # / " ( = 3 " # '. 9 " ( "#% " # / & # , / 3& )-# (: & & #6) ## 3 .& * & * ' "' " (# "" ## ' # & )*#% (& " ' * " #& , "* 2 ## ' 3 - # (# + * "& " . " * " ("' & " ), # ) # ( - " #)5 * (# " ( 3 " # . . & " # /) ' "' # (#%/ $ #& / . & , & 2 %+ - # /, " 5 (, # & 2 $ 1 "' # & #6 . = #& & # #% # ' * & * '5 "' (#% (& " - / $1 + " 2# " ' (. " & 3 " # ' $ # & # -% 5 2 % + % . , # & , (, " (' "#% # " 3 " " ' ' (#%/ " & . # 3 # & % - # /, " " # , " " 5 "' )3 " )3 # 6 . 3 $1 & " " & ) #(. "' - / " # "' )2 # ' (, (& " ( " (. ' "#% ( # " "' & " ) * # "#%/ " # + *%.# - " "' "), # * * 3 ( * # & 3 # 6 . < # " # ' 2# # $ 5 ( (& # & % " & "), 3 # 3 " . = / )" '/ ) "#% * ' ' "' %" & + (# 1#%+ " $ ( " # "& (& " (' , # 3 /).&

-

5 "' / & #% " 6 ' - " 2#% - # & . 6 '" " ' - # 2 " #( & / $ %/ 6 & * # .# ) ) # "& (& # * # 5 " 6 ' & . / " = " " ## , * "& (&) "#% (, & & & (, # " "' & " +" ) - # #%/. #% ( - # - "#%/ " # +, & # 3 # # " "* " # # (& " . & "#% ( " # & % * " #" , # " ,# * " /, 3 / . . > " # & -3 %" )* 2 & " " #'& , * # 3 , ) # "& # 3 . 3 "" # " ( 2 ) " ( "#% -# (# + " * # $8'"#' "' , # #( =# 3 # - # 2 "' 3 #% *) , " * 1(5 ##%/ #& / & # 1. & & # 1 "* " $#% $%" - " ("' -#% " #% ( # # 3 " ##% # - #% * $ 3 " (' . * ) "#% ( * " 3 " 3)" % - " ' . # $%" - / % "'&)5 " $ #)5 * 1 ( 3 ) 2 , * - 2# " 1 ". ' . &, * # * " # ' #( 3 "" # 3 "* " $# 3 *%.# - " ("' " %/ #%/ )" '/ - & & 3)" + # " , & # " . ## & % " . # 3 "#% " # ' $ 5 & + "* " $# " (5. " # /, # # , " " # # + "' & /, & % , * $# "#% , # ## $% $% - " #% " #'& . #% ( - " # , * 3 # * 1). 8 $#%, # * , " 2 % " (', # $ 3 % # . ,= " (' 5 " $ -#%+ * &)", & %+ # " 2 * # ("'. " (' "#% 5 # * # # & " * 1 3 * )& : # & %/ " # " '/ # ) # * 3 # 1 + # ' ) " 1 & * +. #% ( " "' / . & % " # ' "& . 4 # )& 2 %+ (Galeobdolon luteum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

3) $%" - " ("' * * /# " * % -#%/ # * # '/. ## * = ) - # )& * " 3 " 3)" % - " ' . " ( ) - # )& 1 # # "# ' " $ ## " ( - $ %+ ")# & # /# + " # # & %/ " ( . > ")# & "& % "' (#%/ *' #%. &. ' # " % " (' %3 # 5 "' # ##%/ - #%/, # 3 & " , # ' # # (# * & 5 & " $ # # . , %+ 6 *' #%. & $8'"#' "' * " : * #& + /# + & 2 6 + " # / "' * " #" , - * # ## - )/ . ## - ).#% * " " - 5 =:: & $ + & "& . 4 # )& * #%+ $ ( $ " #%/ )$ %/ " * +"& + " "& 3 5- , # # & # 53. 3 # " .(, # * , " " *#%/ )$ /: - "( ' # 3 " .& ")/ . 4 )$ / "# + - #% - # )& " $% "" % , 3 "* " )51 " # . " "' # %/ " /, # # "'& /, (& /, & % 5 "' # $ $ 3 %/ * /. ". 20. )# 6 )# 6 # '"# ' (Pulmonaria obscura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

*

#6 "#% (# # 3 . -#%/ " '/ # . + " #% = " . ## -#% " # ': "& "& + $ " # , # 2"& + - )3 , # & - ( . = )2 # / " # " +) 2 5 , ) # / * "# 2# & " # , )3 / # $ % , . . # .# + )# 6% " (# #' "' # * '2 # 3 . ## + "# + # * /# " (5 * % #% & & " $ (& " # $ (. " (' 6 & . 2 ) " # ' " ( (& # "& (& & )*#%/ . . %/ " ( # ##%/ .& /. # # * # 5 ) ##% " (# % '#) % #) " (' *%, # & + " " . ## # + - 3 & +, # - -)$ ##%+. 9 & ) (# ' (Viola mirabilis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nemone ranunculoides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

"& "%* 5 "', # & #6 6 # 2& " "' #(& + - #%+ " 2 &" - * # ' &) & * & ,& &) 5 & . 3 # 6 6 , "#% (' &)" # & (& # # 5 "*)"& ("'. = ' ") # 3 " ,* & &# & % " . (' 5 "' " +, ") " # "' # . = ) # # 6% - & # "'. # # # 2 (, " $ ( " " (' '# 2 "' # 5. # # & & / " " # ' )2 # " "'. 4 # "& (& # ( # 6 )"* # (& % " , # 2 - 6 " (* %. & ' * "* .# " ( $8'"#' "' * " : # 6 " .& # '" 3 '. #( )2 & & $ 3 * ' #%+ ' # * , & 3 " " $ - " ( * (' " # " . # 6 - " # # 3 # . "# + " $ ( " " (' 6 & % " # -" # , -* & ,& '# / "' # & #6 & # 1 . "* 3 "' & # 1 3 - # (# " /# " * %, * ' * * . + " +. # * / 2 # " %+, )%+ ") & & # + & "& . " ( & & # 1 # , # #) $ & / " , & & & )$ #( & : '. 4 "( / #' "' - * "% * (#%/ 1 " - 3 " 3 "" (# 3 ", & %+ # $/ ' $%" 3 " # - # 3 * $ 3 "# +. # 6% # # "' # $% # # - 1 & #6 - %, * "# 3 . = ' ) " # ' )2 2# ( "*)"& # * & # & #6 & # 1 . - * & "# * ' ' "' #( #(& + $ %+ " &, - 3#) %+ # * $ & 5 & . & (& " + "# 3, = " & $%" ) #' "' %* ' ' "'. "& " # - 6 . " 6 # ', & & % )2 -# ,# - # ' " ( # 6% 2 - "%/ . " # , & # # , # * 3 $ . * " "' & # 1 , & # " )51)5 "#) # # ) * $ 3) " " (' 6 & . &, # 6 2 * ") (& # "& (& # ( 3 ), " " (# '# / "' " " '# * & ', 2 . " " # ' - # 5 ,6 ) ,* # "' , # 6 # " = ' & & $% )/ " "6 #%. , ) # 6% " +, " . ## " $%+, ) (#%+ 3 : & '. / & 7 (Corydalis halleri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

" 5 2 -#( " "' # # 2 " . % =&- * ' % / / & 3) * ' ("' (& - " '#. # # , * " # ' " # $ - # ' - " 3 , "* " $# 3 6 " " # ' * / # # 3 . # * ' '5 "' #(& " # ' " " $ "" ##% " (' & . #% & )$ #(& . 3 " (' " # ' "' & )*# , # " $ (. $ (. # * # 5 " (' - " 3 " # '. )$ # & " # 2 " (# ) "' /. "# & # 3 # + (Mercurialis perennis). # 3 " # ', " / %"). (, " / #'5 " 5 - #)5 & "&). , # " ( ' &)5, & & " 2 . " ( & , & % * ").& " 3 # 5 . # - " # + # . + : % * ").& " # . -% "' # * "# & # 3 # + " "' $% # . & " ##%/ " /. ) . " 3 # $ 5 ( * " # # " # ', " " ( 3 & #6 * ', & 3 # (& * ' ' "' # " . # + " & , * #' . "' # * /# " (5 * %, 2 % , & 5 & $ -# - 3#) % , # )2 " #% " (' . ## & " & , %" /#) , " # ' "' " . ## " # . ( & "& " # "' # #" # , " / * " ").& ) (- ) ( " ( +.) $% # - # # & "& $8'"#' "' , * "# & " 2 "' " $ 1 " , * / 2 # & "&) # 3 . & " # 2 , = 1 " # & &# & . # ,# * " 3 $ " # ' # & " ' "' * $ " # +6 . < * "# & * , # &, # .(. < & & , # - #% , " . ## # % '5 "' * & "& " " ( . # =&- * ' % " # ' # ") (& 2 #"& 6 & , )3 (& )2"& . - 2 #"& 3 6 & * " " "' - # %+ * ,& %+ " " - )/ & /. #%/ " +, " # ##%/ )3 " )3 " '1 / # & #6 ## + #& + & . ,& & "# +, * "# & # # % ' "': # 6 ,# : +, # $ )3 . (# ## 3 * ' 3 " $ ', * # 51 3 "' /, / ' % '#) (#% " (' # / . #%/ .& /. # "* 2 #% # " $ * , # * )3 3 . # 2# + " " $ ' " ( , $ (. #" / # / "' # & #6 * $ 3 . "# & * " 3 " ") - " ' . 3 # - #% * $ 3 " 5 ##%/ #& / & # 1, "& % %/ * $% # " (# ##%/. * $# # $ 5 "' ) "#% " & " " +. "# & # " "' & " +" ) +#%/. # " ## & / ,) & %/ $ (# % ' "' $ %+ #%+ " & " - % . # & ) " 3 * "# & # 3 " & # . ## " # , & & # 3 # . , ' . "# & - * # "# " # ,# " "' # "'& / " /, (& ,3 " # 2# ' $ 3 ' * . " $ ## "* " # # # )$ /. # %. +"& + (Convallaria majalis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athraea squamaria). ## + "# + $% # / " /, 3 " .# & * , # 3 2# " ( " ## " # ," . ## . ## - # + & "& . --* " ' * . + " % & -3 * # 5 "' (# 1#% $ - % " & , " 3#) % # * $ & 5 & . # # * " * ## "* ' '5 "' ) #'5 "'. - # - 3 # 3 " # ' - * & " . , %+ " %+ " $ ( " # ' # 2# + " * & % " $ -#% " (' & )*#%/ .) &, %. # " # 3 - %/ 6 & , * # * 2 %/ )3 & )3). " % * * $) %& * ( * & " - , ) " # 3 # * ) "'. < & ( 3 ' ) " "'. '" " %+ " $ ( " # ' * 2 "' * + $ %+ 6 . 1 # 3 # (& # ) #(. "', 2 ) "'. # 3)" * & % " . ## # $% #% " (' - & & , $ % , " (# - ) % , * / 2 # #( " % & . . / )3 )$ # '/ # 3 * * 5 "' )*% # " & %/. "5 * 2 # # - & 5 # , ## " # # " & ' # . - #%+ " $ ( (& # 1 ) #( 3 )$ & 5 # 3 & # "'. # "# , $ & % / ' * * ' % )3 * * # , # * )3 +. ) 5 "' " $ -#% & " % ( "5 # - # " # '). " #( 3 1 (# " "& *& , 3) " ("' #& & # " # ', / '1 & # 1 . # " * & " 5 "' " 2 % & #' .# & *% * " "% 5 "' & # , * ) ' ) * (#% 1 " . " " * & "# # ' $ -)5 "' " $% ) 1 # ' - * " "& . & " * "& + $ - 2 -# . > # - # # 3 / * * " 6 & %/ " # +. & " # ' # #)2#% - #% " (' " $ , # $/ % (& 3 #% - # 2 # ' - 6 & . +# 3 % 2 # ' = " 3 ) * "& 3 * - # 3 " # ' :: # ( . " " # " " * (& # 3 6 & . & & 3 ! > - 6 &-3 3 # , " %+ $ (. + - " / 6 & . 3 " 3 . & " 3 $%, # # , # & 3 # * # ("' # * /# " ( : * # # " 3 $ "* #. 2 -#( & 2 3 " # '# 3 # "' # (& * # , # $/ " (* " . ## '= 3 * # "' - * & " "# +. < & 3 " 2 # & , / / # * " 1 5 * % . , & % * - ' *% # . (# "& -6 & $ -)5 "' * %-& $ & " #% " # & + 2 #%, & & ) & . 3 " # " - 5 , %"%* 5 "', - 2 -#(

# -

#%/ * $ 3 & # "', # - "%/ 5 . # & & / " " # ' )2 # " "'. & " # 3 "'6% * ' "' 5. # & % 3 % " # * & -% "' # * /# " (, 2 "# +. )* # & " ## ' (Polygonatum officinale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eottia nidus-avis). - #%/ "#%/ = " # " -) $ " "' 3 - : # " . ## # & . # , 3 " " . * # "' /" $ (6 & : " & ,# /) 3 - "' & * # $ (. / 6 & & + 2 & "& . # 2# + " " $ ' #% " (' .) . " " # & # , # ## , 2 6 & 3 # # % '5 "'. # 3# - & # - "#%/ / + ( ". 22). 7# - & " . ## . # / : ,# = # * - , " * : . "* " $) * # ' # "/ # " . '* #% 3 $ , & % " ) # * "). 3# - & , & & 3 $%, - " - 2 # ' 3# 51 / " & " # + # * /# " * % /# / " '/. # 3 # & & + * # ## 3 " # ', # * " # #)2 #. = # . # 3# - & "/ # " )2 -# & % # * 8 (# & , & %+ 2 . # - # + & "& * # 2 & " )" * : . (, & & 3# - & , & * 8 (# & & +* " * : " 6 & %/ " # +. 7# - & # " "' & " +" ) / #%/. * " & # $ (. / 6 & , & & ) " / / #%/, # # & %. # - # / " $ ## % ' "' " + # + : +. > & # -% ' 3)$ . # . ## )3 / * " & "* 2 # # -). 7)$ " )2 " $ -# + * " # + * 1 & + ' # " & %/- *% +, * " 1 51 / 6 & * "& / # & .0# & %/ / #%/ 3)$ #( & )*# ' * ) )5 : ) () # . + " # )""& + / * # - # " # #$ . &" 3)$ * / 2 #

): 5). * / 3# - & , & & ) " (#%/ / +, " 3 # & " ( +. / " '#. & / " '#-*% # & & 2 * 2 $% ( " %. %"' . "* " #'5 "' " # "* 1(5 , # *% (6 . / * / % 5 2 " $% * & - )/ . 2 " % " ) # & %/ )3 / "#%/ " # +, & %/ )2 . ( # " # 6 / ## + &# 3 . # "#% * - #% 3 #% 3# - & , $ 3 ' & % # * ) " # - # . " " 2# %& * ( " # 1 (# " $ ( 3 , % ) # # $% # . " % & # "* "( & )$ &, & %+ * / 2 # * ( 3# - , " 2 ## -* ) ( . 7# - & * * "' " / # & )2 " . $% # # " # #% =&- * ' , # / '1 "' & )3 )3 . - # 2 "' 3# - & (& " # . " % ( %& * ( " # 3 , & & ) # 3 %"%* "( " # , # - "( )2 # "" # "'. = ) 3# - &) # * - 2# " $ 3 (, & &, * , " )3 # . & " )1 / . & % # & % / & #% " # ' )$ . # , & # # , ) (, / 2# # + "& 5 (# )$ /: # " 5 "' " . ##%/ (/ +# . & " ##%/) " /, # & %/ * / / +#%/ " , 3 $ $ 3 % * %. " 2 ' )$ # / & #%: ## - "( # *%.# " 3 5 "' " 5 "' # $ (. & " . *** % "#%/ " ( & ,& % "* " # #% # 3 / * / " # 5 ' # 3 * * # ' # / +#% , # . & " ##% " . > , & "& - (, # + (#% , # :: # #% * " "# + : %. # "& (& / & / " # '/ " + "* + (. 5$& ) " # ' (Platanthera bifolia). < & # & %/ " # + # * /#) " $ , # (5 - 5 " (#%+ . " ) & / " # + # " "' 5$& ) " # ', & )5 2# " ( ") # "# + * '# . ' # , % # * , 2 $% (, 2 " $ ' $)& . 5$&) # 3 # -% 5 # # + & " 6 + --3 , # (5 # * /# 3 - " (# , # . 6 & " %+ " $ -#%+, # # 3 # * # 51 + - * / & # 3 ). " 3 $ & . < )1 " # # . # -'1 " : #& +, " +#%+, * ' " '1 + " $ (, # /) & 3 %/ " 6 - $ %/ 6 & , ) " +$ (. / ) # ## (#%/ " ( 5$&) # ) " # +). " (' "* 2 #% #* )3 3 * 2 # . # $ " '1 , " # & ##% . / : " $ ## "#'1 '"' * /# " ( - / . + (#%+ * -# & " # '. = ) 5$&) 2# )-# ( (& * " (' 2 3 , & 3 # # 6 . ' ) " 6 )1 =&- * ' " 3 " ( & , & % # 6 ) . & $% ) # 3 / " # +. # "# , # 6 )1 =&- * ' % 5$& # 3 5 # " , (& #. 2 % " , # * , ) # %. +# & ) " # 3 . " # ', 6 ) , 5 * " , " (#% - $% # #. $ -#% * - #% 3 #% 5$& # $ (. / (#%/ & )$ #(& # + " # * " & *) & " %/ # '1 /"' & # +. > & )$ #(& - 2 / . + (#%+ * -# & " # '. )$ #(& " )2 " 2 # ' - * " * (#%/ 1 " . " ) * "/ 2 # 5 # * " '5 " $ + " (# ) 1 ##% & # . " $ ## & )*#% & )$ #(& ) - " %/, 6 )1 / =&- * ' 5$& . # - & )$ #(& $ " )5 & "&) )* )3 +, )3 + - $ #%+ '3& +. %+ - # / +, * ' . +"' ## 3 ), + - " %+, * . 3 # +. " % , # '1 "' & # 5$& # * # 5 & # )2 -# & + # 3) ( %. / " = # " ) +# . * /# " & # + 5$& , & 2 & & ) 3) ( %, "' 3)" + + & - # + 3 $ & - . ( % )2 3 , & -

"

"' ) # 3 / "#%/ " # +.) 5$& # " "' & " +" ) / #%/. $# # 3 # . "#% / ' , # * 6 # ' # "' " $ + & " +. < & $ % , # ##% , # $ (. , # * 2 5 # : +, # & "& +. ,)6 & " ( # # "# ' ( - & # -% %+ .* 6. > #& + ##%+ " & )$ & , - & % + # # & #6 . # # "& (& # * # # 5 #% # 2#% ' .* 3 . #) .* 6 - $ "6 #%+ " & + # & . , 3 ' # 2 " ) 1 / " " #% ##%/ .* 6 " 6 5$& & 2 "' / % . " # "# 6 & 5$& - *% # . & " )3 / #% , 5$& *% ' "' # " & % . 3 & & - $ # " & * "& / # & *% "' * # &#) ( #) ( 6 & , & 3 3 & * & "' #& ' & & '# & " & . #% & & *% (6% # /).& * # + ( # # "& (& * / 2 # )" & & & +-# $) ( # # + $ $ & " $) #% ) 1 # # & #6 , # (& 3 #(. ). " 6 &, # " & )# " # 3 & = )& . # . * "/ (. " $ - ( # ) # . 3 # " & * # & )3 + 6 & 5$& , & & *% (6% # ")" & " * & " "' & % (6) * " & * "/ *% # . # 3 ', 5$& & & $% ""% " 5 *% (6) " # " & % , $ 3 ' ) " 3 "' * & " # *% # . * # (#% *% #& , " -) $ (. + / "" +, 6 % "& * # . - & ( * # - 6 & "* " $#% # (& # " & % . 2 " " )"* / 2 " ( %" . -( ##%+ & # . & # 6 3 " ( * 3 )$2 6 &. %#) & # . $ # , ) , &# ) * & "' ")" &" 2 ( & 2 6 & "' * # '). > # - # $ # "#%/ *% , & % 2# * (" " # ' * . " *% # ) "' " * % 6 & ,# + "(. * $)+ )3 +, +, %+. # 3 * # ', " * ) "'. ) 2 $% ( * +* # , * * "( 6 & " .& " % , 3 )2 # * # , ,# $ , " .& % ,3 * # 1 # " . # 3 - /, & $% "), " $ 5 $)& & 6 )1 + 5$& . & 2 % 3 " * / " $ (. $ (. # , "$ 6 3 3 ) "'. " & $) * 2 ("' (. , #( "& 5$& " " " -# -# . / " , # . * & )2 # & 3 # " 3) 5$ ("' = -'1#% " # . 03 - * # 3 )# 2 # ' 5$& * # (# . > " # - # 2 "' (& " # , * " ) . $ ' 6 %, % # " - ( " # , " (# , 6 & )# 2 * " " # ' " & . " # " '#, # 3) * ' ("' # % =&- * ' % 5$& , " % # * - # * 3 $#) . " # # " " ( -# ' * "# " (. 1 - )51 + (Equisetum hiemale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thyrium filix-femina). & " ## # - # # . & "* " # ##%/ "#%/ * * # & . * 2 ""& -% ( $ = " # ,/ "( $% "& - ( # # 3 * * # & / $1 . * # & - " # ' 3 5$ % # %# " % , * = ) / 2 -#( "# " '- # " " . > - / & #% * " "# + : %. / # " % "' # . / " /$ )/ "' & . ) . " 3 " $' ) " )5 * * # & # # $ (. / "#%/ * 3 # /, * '# /, ( 3, * / '1 / ", - " , 3 " # " . ) # *%.# - " 5 "', $ -)' * " 3)" % - " . * # & - -'1#% " # '. # " 3 * & 5 # # & " % - #% & )2 " + " %. ##% * " % " (' " " $ #% *) & , # * # 51 . & #& . # 3 ) & + #& ) (# * (# ' : , # * / 2 # 3 #%+ - #%+ :)2 (" ":)2 " " # - : #6)-"& 3 '-%& , 3 # -# "* * # &"). - # 2 # * * # & " ( # 3 * (# 3 . ( +. ', # ' * " % 3 - *% #& -"* , * * # 5, # #(& + - # + * " #& # + # $ (. # 3 ' - - " &). * ) , = & . # " # , 2 )1 # * "), - # - " + ' $ (. 3 * * # & ? 2 )# # $ (. "/ " , 2 ) 3)" # 6 + $ $ & +. -# & ' # - " & * ' ' "' # " '1 + * * # &, "# #( #(& +. " / ) (, 3 $ -)5 "' ) * * # & "* %, * " # # 2#55 * /# " ( " & #6 . %# + - "( # 2 " #( & /& # %/ *' #%. &, "" '##%/ * * /# " . "" (* $# " " # ' & / *' #%. & - / # -% 5 " )"% 2# (& " * 1(5 " (# + )*% & "& * . $ (. ) # # , & 2 *' #%.& - = "& * # #(& / * "& /

.

& , # * # ##%/ "* . 3 "* % " 5 , . & * 5 "', / " 2 %"%* "' # 5. ( +. "* % #( ) , /* / % 2 " $%+ , * & - )/ )# "' & #"& 3 " # '. " %- / % " ( ) " $' # " '1 + "# + * * # &, * " + "* % $ #&) " + * & + " /) " & # , $% " - ( " #)5 2# " ( - )/ . - # & ' # * /# " * % * ' ' "' #(& - #% * " #& -- " & , - # / # #) " %. -* * # & " # $ (. , # )2 / & #% & )2 #% " (' . $% % " ( - " %+ * * # &, * # $ "' # 3 ... & - $% ( * * # & % "* %? ") # $ (. + &)" & " * * # & " - % " )" ( # 5 & # )5 & "&)). 2 " # $ #& + " 2# + +, " 3& * "& $ 3 & + " )"%. * % ' "' " * * ) # * /# " ( , $ (. '* " # 3 # $) "'. 3 # , $% " )"% $% " # - % . " (' # . / "#%/ * * # & , & & * , 5 " #(5. " #) & 2 )5 "#) " 5 # % . # ' " * / 2 # "* (# - & ) ##)5 * "&)5 ) &). ## + "# + ") # ) * * 5 "' &) & & / ") &" ( # " ' # & #6 & # 1 * * # & ). # # " % & * " * ## "& ) 5 "', " ) * 1 5 "' - " % " ('. % # " ( * 2 "' $% # # "& (& # (. $ # # ,& &* "/ "& ) # " %/ & * * # & , * / 2 / # ) & . # : ) "' " ' # 2#'' " ( " , " % * 6 ""% * " * ## * " (# / % 5 %. 2 1 " . & & +* # 2# ( )2 " (# % '#) . +"' " . &", # & #6 3 , # # & + %" # +, 1 # * # "& ) .)5"' ") &)" (* " # & "* ). & # 6 " * # " (5 % "', " # "' * ' % , * "& , # /#'' " ( 3 1 # & '* 2 " . (# , " (' * * # & " ) /).& +, . . & 2 , & & " $ . " '1 " (' " ) # - "# # . $ # "& + & - # ' " (' * * # & * " '5 " $ + - # ##% " $ # -% ( / " (' # * (# . , # & # -% 5 / " $% " + . # - " %/ "* " # ##%/ ) # " "#%/ * * # & -& %2# & 2 #"& +. > " # $% #%+ ' * * # & # .# + : ) # 3 ##% * " % " (', & % $ -)5 . &)5 #&). " (' " (# "" #% # & (& , # #& -& )2 #% , * 2 )+ 2 $ 2) #% , ) # 3 / )3 / " # )""& / * * # & . # 2# + " # " ( 2# -3 ' ( #(& $) % *' #%.& - " )"%, * / 2 * : # - *' % . " (' / ' & #6 & & 3 " 3 & # 1 ,* # * # 51 3 "' # * /# " (5 * %. 2 3 # # - ) " (' 5 , # " #) "# + * ' '5 "' # % . - # ## 3 * * # & & 2 "' # "& (& " ##% . &) -' "( # * #' # " "& %2# &"? # " '- # ? $% ( # = * ", # $/ * -# & ("' * $# " " (' # . 3 " # '. " " #(5, " # '$ , ( " & %2# & , - ) "# # .& , " , 3 # * & * ' "' & " $ 5, / & # + : % " ,* / 2 # #%+ # & # # & " %. , # & # # & # * ' + * "& +, & & ) # " '1 + " %, & +, - 3#) %+. : # #( # * # " ##%+ #" ) # , " * 1(5 & 3 * . * & * * . -% "' = #" ) # & %&. &) -' "( " ## " "& %2# &", # * #' # " ## ) &). ) 2 & %2# & # - # 2 #"& ? ' # , * + * # , 3 " (' " $ ## -# 2#% , #& -& )2 #% , " (# "" ##% * " # # 5 " " (' )3 / * * # & . %2# & & " ## " # . - 3 & # 1 "* (-) "' & &

3

" 3 ## " " . '& $%&# ##%+ (Pteridium aquilinum). # 3 ' , ' # , -# & = "# + * * # &. 3 & )*#% " (' # " $ #% *) & - - & , & & ) # 3 / )3 / * * # & , * # 5 "' * # & , "* 3 '"( # # & "" '# )3 )3 . 2 %+ " - # * # * "& + - # & " #& + ) & +. # % # # + " )" , & % $% 5 ) $ (. #" )3 / # . / * * # & . " = 3 - "* .# ' )-& ' * " & # 3 6 , & ' * & 5 " . * , " (' " & + & & + - $ (. ' & " (. '& * # & 3 # - # 2 "' "* . # * 2 " ")1 " # $ 3 ' - " # 5 #& / .#) #%/ & # 1, # / '1 /"' * +. ,%" ) #''"(, & # 1 "* " $#% "* - ("' " #% - / % ( # )5 * 1 (. = /& # 1 " 5 "# + -# & % # " ('-- # & . '& # 3 "' $ (. #" )3 / * * # & : ) # 3 # " )" , " (' * / 2 # - # & # " $ #% - & , & # 1 #& ## , # * # 51 .#) . '& % ' "' 1 " ##% "# +: # # # * $)2 ("' 3 * - # " / )3 / * * # & "), 3 # * ' ' "' # * /# " (. 4 & " ( %/ ' - (& + * # "#%, & 3 6 )/ . " (' * # " (5 % 5 "' (& # . * 2# # % * $ 3 '& )* $ ' * 1), & # 1 " )2 & " % , " (', $ 51 * 3# " #% " +" , "* ("( ' % # ' * 1 +, - , " 2 1 ' # 3 & ', # / * # # # /* * - " )" & % . / - - #% , :#% " # ', "* " $#% " ( 3 # "& 1 " )3 & " 3 3 %. *) * # ' # "/ #% " " - #% " # ' , & %/ )2 $% ""& - # . / * # 2 & " ) %". / " # +. = -" % * #% , # $ * " )" ##% %". " # '. 0 # / # , # * , # " '1 / & # + " # 3 "* 6 ##% & #' . ( & # + %* #'5 % & # #% " & . $ " (' / 5 #( * " , (# # # & "& * "& " # (- "(, & & * ,* # % '5 "' #% & # ). / - " % & " %". / " # +. / % " " '5 "' # # 3 , 2 " # . & # 6, / - " % & " #% " # '. " (' # 3 / / # " (& %, * # % * " % 3 - . # "& " # & / " ( - .) & * (# * " . " * " ( * * #%+ - " * & "& * , 2# ) ( "* .#)5 6 * &) (#%/ & &, " # ##%/ )3 " )3 ' . (# , " / - = * " #& 1 # + #) & &). #(.)5 1 #) # - 2# " $ * " (. .( ) # # 3 / / " (' # 3 " +#% 5 $ " 2# & "& * "& " # . )3 ' ) (# ' * $# " (: " (' / . #% # )2# 3 - 1 # 3 " ', & %+ * *' " $% "* # 5 % - & &. & " (' " . ## # - 1 1 #% %"%/ # '. > / &2 5 "' # 3 / )3 / %". / " # +, 2 )1 / # "). . -#( / #( " $ -# . > #(& / )*& " # ' & )3 %+ 3 " 5 "' - #% . & / 2# # + 2 + * "# 3 . # " # # ) " (#% & / ). "# +, " . "# 3 ) (* 3 " #6 , / $%" 2 5 . # & (# +. # # / ' "' " " '# & # + 2 -# & # " '. > " # ' * -# " '1 ) 2 ) .( (#% * % ,& 3 # " #% +. ## = ', & 3 " # 3 ,)# / : " # -, " , - # 2 # . , / 2 ) & & $% 2 ' 2 '. / 2 -# ' (# " ( "# " '- # " # %, # #( - "' 2# " . 3 2 ' 3 # , / %"%/ 5 " 2 -# ##% * 6 ""% " # 5 "'. # & " # ' # * 3 $ 5 , * " * / ' " 5

* & ', "

# * 5 3 )$ &)5 "*' &). & " )51 3 2 '. )2 / & %# " %? - "( " $%/ " +" / & & = / " # +. " 2 & & -* * " ,* " '51 + " $ + & / #%+ & &2 3 1 " , * * "%/ # # * 3 $ , * / * & '1 "' " " '# . , 3 ' ) (#% " +" * * " / * # "' %"%/ # $ - "'& 3 ' " $'. & (& 2 # / 2 " ("' 2 % * " 3 , & & # %" /# ? > * " - # " "' * * & # - =" #"& + $ # & ( . # $ ")/ / ," / + # $ 5 , 2 ) # , $) ) * ' ' ("' ) # / * -# & " . ' " / *% ) #%+ -' / , * 2 . # & ' 3 $ ("& (& ## # 2# $% # )" # ( * 3 $ # + = & & ). ) %'"# "( * (# ' 2 ) " ( = / " # +. & % / 2 " ( # % * $ 3 2 * " ' # 3 / # # ', # #) "' & 2 -# , * 2 3 $ # .& :) 6 %/ 19 . & 3 # " / #'5 "/ 2 " ( * / # # ")/ 2 " # # & %/ 6 & %/ " # +. 0 / " ( 1 # 5$ *% # ' " $ ## " (. * * 2# " ( $ & )*#% ")/ *) #% " # ' # * 3 1 5 ) 3 #% $ " (' . " . ## * "" # - & 2 , & & * % ) 3)$& . (2 3& / 5 3) * %"%/ # . # # * 3 5 " $%/ )" +, $% ) 2 ( . 3 * $# 3 , & # # , # ) $ & )*#%/ ")/ *) #%/ " # +. # & * / "' " $ (. ) $% ( " $ ) - * % " # #(. ) ) 2 ( " ('/ " $ '/. ' 3 $% ) #(. ( "* # , " # ' - & % 5 )" ( 6 , " % 5 )$& + " (' . . / - # 2 5 "' "* ( +. 2 % " & , & % "" * / 2 # #& + 2 %+ * . &. * % $ -)5 "' " $%/ & $ & /, 51 / ) -#%/ / #)5 #) : ). " $ ## / . #% & $ & ) / &)&).& # #: # " ' # & #6 ##%/ #& / " $ (& , * # 51 /"' & /). % & $ & * & % % 3 # (#% + #% & * & . 3 # ) # "#' ( 3 $# 2 "' #(& ' - # ' & $ & , # # 3 * / 2 ' # "* #%+ &)$ &. /) & $ & - & %. & , & ' * , & 3 "* % " # ' "' - % . & $ & " 2 * = # & % "', # " "' " /) - & % +. ( +. "* % * # # 3) %"%* 5 "' - " $% " ' /# + " & $ & . # "" 5 "' * " * ## , # $ (. * 6 ' . * % / # " (& & , / 3& * / % 5 * # "' * & - )/ . * * / '1 )" ', "* % * " 5 5 # # % " # ' . %, # # , # - # $ 5 , & & # " , & " "' ") * " & " , -# & ' * ' ' "' - #%+ "*). &" / . &) -' "( - "( / ? # % " - "* , * . /* - )/). # "# * " (, & & * "/ * " # "* % / . 0 &)&).& # (# , # * , - "* % "# * ' ' "' & "& * "& ' - # ' # (, & # -% ' * # . # " . ## # * / 2 # - " %+ /, # #( # * # # )5 - #)5 " (. > # ( - " "', "', (& -# & '# # + $ -)5 "' * & , - # / )2 % " 5 -# & % " " $ (& " " (' . 0 # & %/ / * # & . # + - # + * " #& . &, / * ' 2 -# #( # * # # )5 * " # )5 - #)5 " (. & % ) #% " 5 = )& - # # , / * - . - #%/ " +. / / & #% ' # . / / +#%/ " - " "#'& (# & . 4 "( # " $ -)5 # * "* .# + * & -) ) # -- # 3 6 . " 2 ' / +& "' " $ ## '3& , ) (- ) ( )* )3 . ")/)5 * 3 ), & 3 3 # $% 2 ', / " 1 5 "', 3 )$ 5 %3 ' ' % , $ -2 -# ##% . & % - # /, # $ # 2#% , #'5 "' * = # )-# " . " ##%/ " / - )$#'& /, *#'& /, " ## & / - "* .# 3 / 3 * & #

%$, / - "( $1 (# & . # * / )2 5 "' " " ##% "#% * . " $ ## / )$#'& /, 3 / * ' 3 # ' "" " %, & ' * " #(5 " ( . * 3 )$ 3 " / " 5 "' - & $% # (& # &) & / ,& )5 %$ "% 5 # * /# " ( & %. )2 = / " $% , " " # , $ -)5 & / +#%/ " /. ") / 5 "' # (& # * , # # " / ( & " =* : . # & # $% # # * # 5 "' %" & , " '"( .( # 2# + " " . (# +. , 3 ' / /, % $) ( ) (& / , & % 5 "' # * . ") / , & & %, "*% % 5 # " $ " (# '# ( . ,& &" % # -& " % "#% " # ' , " "' #(. " 3 " , # #( # %# " %. / - # $ # %# " % " "#%/ " # +. = # . # # #( # * / %. # & / & # $ - #% & 2# " * %, * -#% / % * 8' '5 # # & % $ # ' & 2# " . # - # / " 5 "' (& # #( "% %/ " /, )3 - # $ ")/ /, ( # #( ")/ / . . # 3 ', / - / . # & % 2# " * %. & 2 # $ - #% # & $ "* ## " * %* (#% 1 " . # / * ) #% & #( $ #% * , )3 - & $ $ 3 % , ( -& #( $ 3 % . # . / " / " "' (# # 3 / . # "# , * " # # 5 )""& / # #%/ # - # + (& # ) #% #"& . # & / "& 5 # + - &)&).& # #, " 3 + /" () # 3 +" (# ##%+ " $ (30-40 " ). # 3 / (# "/ #% * # .# " , # ( / # & " 2# , & & & 2 "' # * %+ -3 ' . " # (# # -#% "#% / , * * $)+ " # ( / - % 3& ) ' 2 )# .0 # / " $ (& " ) * ' / # ' "'. ## = % ,# * , ) &)&).& # (# (# - # 3 # " ) +# - # +" (# # * # " (# ) #(. ## " # (# ). 0 )3 / / " $ "* " %* $ # #%. #% " (': . & / . #% * " % 3 - , )-& #( & . # 3 " (' # " (& %, / 2# ) ( (& )*). -#% % / " (# 5 "' * & "& # +, * # +, " +, 2 -- # +. , & 2 %+ " / & #% (#% * -# & . # 2 " "#%/ / # & % " $ ## % '5 "', & & & 5 #( / & #%+ $ &. > , & "& - (, % "" " $% * ". # "& (& / & / "#%/ / / % " + " ""& 2 . ". 24. / $ ) ( ), # ) ($) / & ) ( ) $ ) - %+ (Rhodobryum roseum). " 2#)5 * 3 ) # (# * " ("' & / ) & ) %/ " /, # 3 2# ) ( & # - #% - & . # & * %. 5 * )/& * #)5 # ). 2 ' - & - = - & #(& / " ( / , & %+ # -% "' $ ) - %+. " (' / "* 2 #% 3 - # (# # * #% " " #%, & & ) - - % ( ". 24). / # ) # (* " % 3 - . 2# ( 2 , # 5 ) # ## (#)5 : ) - " #% # /).& . & " (' / " 5 "' #( & )*#% . $ & / # # "' " -) * *) & " ( * ' # -. % / " " " $ (& . & 3 # (# " # ! # #( # * # * ( ). 2 " , 2 . & " (' # /). " '1 ' * ( # 5 . # ) (# & % % Mnium). " (' = 3 / 5 (#)5 : ), / # - " - # *. # 6%. # * & * '5 "' & 3 - # (# ) " $ (&) " )/ * * 2#%/ " # "* 2 #% # #( 3)" ( ". 24). $1 ) ) / # * # " (# ) #(. ## " # $ +# & # 3 : & + 2

3

- #

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ylocomium splendens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tilium crista castrensis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limacium dendroides). 0 = 3 / * # "' & (#%+ " $ &, & 3 /# + " / ' " " #% $ & % & , $ -)' *) &. ) "' # " '1 # 5 # " " & # + ( ". 25). 7 #%+ " $ ( / 3 $ & % 3)" * & % % (# &

.)+ % # "# , " $ + $1

" (' . ")/ " " '# / ' & -- #%+ " 3& $ " '1 +. (#% #% " $ (& / ' " ' # # , # " '- #% 2 ) "& # 1 ", & * " "' 3 - # (# ) * /# " * %. 6 ) $% # # " ##%/ " / "% %/ " /. : 3#) ( % Sphagnum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phagnum girgensohnii). *** % * -# & "( .( " # # 3 / , & % 5 " $ ## / & #%+ $ &. # # * # * ( ), )3 + "* " # ## '# " " # , + - " # 6), %+ - " * * # & , *' %+ . (, = & . #% " # ' # . #% " $ -# + & " % -'1 " . 2#% * - #% " & # / / , $ " '1 . & " % " $ (& )3 /, 3 # (# ' : ( / " '5 5$ 5* % & 2 # " 2 # , & & # " '1 $ (. " # '. / 2# 5$ ("' # (& * , "). / # ) # % 1 ( . # #( # * / % # $)5 # $ (. 3 * " #" , # " $ 3 )/ . 2 # $ (.)5 # #&) / " " /# " * % # $ 5 6 , " 3& * + + - & + " /) #& " & # . / $) ) " 3 " 2 2 % .

"

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

$

(, &

. +# & ' : 6 & * 3 $ . $ - , . +# & - " $ -#% # & % " % - )/ . " %, $) ) & & - $ " ,) # ('/ )3 / * / # 3 = / " # +, 2 $% ( ) #%, - )/ ) " $ # * %. ##%/ 3 - . # "' # ( ". . +# & * " '5 "' ") # (& # ('/. # 2 ) # * . , (. " 3 /, * 2 )+, ")/ " " $ ) 3 -# $) ( # * " #%/ 5# /. "#% ) # %" & , ")& % , " ' & . * # , # * "* .# + $ %+ & . +# & . > & # -% %+ $ -$ .# &. ")/)5 * 3 ), & 3 3 # 2 ', * & ) ") # * + .( / , # " %.# : . +# & / )" ' * # 3 . %"%/ ', # " # ' "' & ' & . "' 2 * 3& * & "# # . . +# & # 3 *) 5 " / . +" (# , # * / 2 # / . & 2 & , & 2 * " '5 "' # ('/ # * "). & 2 2 )# ? ) . " 3 / (, * 2 )+, * 6 ). . +# & # & 3 # 5 3 ' & 3 - # 3 6 , & & + $% ) / . & "& / $1 #( -# $ -# . # * "&)* "( - "( # & "& . # $% 5 " . ## #% , " -$ % , & & "#% $ 5- % , & # # -2 % * * (# -" % , 3# ## - #2 % & # % . (& # 3 6 # * - " 3 - # 3 . : . +# & &2 #( -# $ -#%. # - # / * / 2 # &)" & " + # + # .# " , )3 - # * " #& * ) %/ # +. $ (. " 3 & /, & % # * # 5 #& & & * # * " 5 & & #' "& ,& & ( " # - # +. ( / # (-' - 2# (& " "& $ ( # 2 . > & # -% % # & *#% , & & % , . +# & . & 2 * . +# & ? * " '5 " $ + = 3 # (#% " # '? -( ' * - # /, & % 5 "' # " / ( 5 * " # &. " " ( " + $ + #( #& + * * #%+ " - & & 3 -# $) ( & / . +# & * " (* & "& * , % ) # "#)5 & #): * - # ' $) # & & $% + & # +. / $ "6 #%/ )$ &, * ) * * ##%/ )3 " )3 . > # 3 $ , & % " " '5 "# #)5 "") . +# & . %/ 3 * - # 3 " + & " # 5 "' #(& -) ) # -- #% . & -& & & "& * "& + " . # "* 3 5 "' " $ 3 " '# # $ (. + 3 )$ # /# + * /# " . +# & . , 3 ' & ) "* 2 # 5 - #% & & * ) 5 $ (. " , # $/ 3 ': " # - . & $ - , . +# & " " -# +3 $ & &- # + " . , . +# & * " ' " $ +" $ -3 $ " , " - " # . & & / # . # '/ # / ' "' # ? & -% "', " ( - * ## 6 3 $ . + - #%/ . & " " / " # 3 2 # # .# 3 3 $#% " + & ", " (# & &# 2 " $ ("' - " 3 # '. 7 $) %3 # 2 ( &)5 * ## 6): # % $ % 3 # "& 1 " - )3 & " 3 3 %, & & = 5 " )3 - #% " # ', "# $2 3 $ 3 # "& + * 1 +, & )5 " % $ % ( # 2 . " 5 (, 3 $ - 1 1 " ( " .& $%" 3 %"%/ # ' * # " )* # ")/ + * 3 %, "# $2 # (#% " ' . . & & % # . # ' )/ 3 # , $ -)51 / . +# &. > " 5- ' # # # * #%/ * # . # 3 2 % 2 5 "' $ & 3 # :3 ' , 3 $ * ) # " . = " ( $ (. ' ' " #%. "& (& 2 * # " 5- 3 $ " ? 3) # ")1 " (* -#(, (# )3 )3 ? *% % * & - , 3 $, / '1 + " " . +# & , " " ' (# 2 ( # 2 . # & " ( & *# 2 $/ ("' $ - 3 $ . > $% & - # " )51 *% . & ( ##%+ . +# & * " " ") " +. -# & ' 3 $, / '1 + " " . +# & , * 3 $ # " & & " ( 3 " .& ). " ( 2 # "& (& # * " . " $ . "( - * # , & 2 3 $, # " *%.# ("' $ $ (#%+ - #%+ # # " #& / " ") .

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

/, &

% 2 ) # * . ' # ' (# & % % Cladonia). > . +# & %3 ' #( 3 # (# # . # - " # 3 -'1 " . # * / 2 # * ) # 5 : " %+ " ,* # 51 +"' , #& " % . " & & #6 * " * ## " # ' "' #(. #(. . # & / * " " "/ ' # # - # # 1 " . " * 2 ( ' # "& (& & / " # + # #)5 $) 3), * ) "' & " $ & )2 . & %3 ' ' # & % % & ' # ' (Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia sylvatica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etraria islandica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eltigera canina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

*

/# " (5. ( 3 - / . + * & # -% %/ " %/ . +# & . # +" (# * / 2 # " ,& %+ 3& ( * %. > . +# & (# " 5$ . 3)" # ") 3 # " .(. 4 # * '# /, ) "#%/ 3- # " %+ 3 " (. $ "' * ( & =* : #% . +# & , * " '51 "' # ('/. ' - ) ' (Parmelia physodes). " / " # + * "% = , * 2 )+, " %+ "* " # ##%+ . +# & - " /, 5 "' # ('/. # " "' # " / $ - " " #, # '/ +. $% # . +# & " (# - " "' $ -) "* .# + # # " / .)+ %/ & &" -$ 5- 3 $ 3 6 . " "' # (# & = ) . +# &). 9 3 #( 3 # (# . # # * # # 5 #%+ & , # (& & = 3 & * "& (# . & (" . ")# & # & +& ), " &)" & "* 5"#) . # * * # "' # * /# " (5 & % . " ( & + * "& + &)" & & %, # , # 2#'' * /# " ( 3 # -& # ', # 3 * # '. (& " % & #6% & $ % . - # = 3 " # ' - * ' - ) '. " - ) '" * & / & #)5 " $ ## " ( ## 3 . +# & . 3 * " # & & $% "1 * # # #& / " ', " # "& (& / ' )3 )3 , $ -)' #) ##55 * " (, - * # ##)5 - )/ . = 3 " # +" (# %3 ' # # 3 - ) % . 0"# ' $ ' (Usnea barbata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raphis scripta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

. +# & & $% # & : & 2 %+ - # / * * " ("' (& # # + # # 3 / "#%/ * /. &, 2 - #2 % * .& . +# & * # - # '#& " ## ' % $% # # / # " / " #, &)" & " )$ 3 / " -# " / )$ . 4 (# "* " # # / . +# & , & % # # & *( * & % 5 * /# " ( & # + "& . & % -# / 5 "', # * , (& # - " #'& / # " 5 "' # )3 / 3 #%/ * /. )3 * * 5 3 # #% "& %, ( -$ - ( % . . 7 , 7 $%, & & . +# & , # "' "' & # -. " # ' .> #( # 3 " ## ' 3 )** " (#%/ 3 # - / # " % "' $ 70 %". . # .# + , % " # 3 $ # $% +# -# $ -#% ( +. / & & 22 +, %/ * & "& * (& * " (# ) # , 3 #%/ . #%/ 3 $ - 2 & , " & %/ 2 " 3 ( 10 &3. " " -# $ 3 $%, # & , 5 #) $1)5 " $ ## " ( - = 3 :#% " # ', . ##% / : # "* " $#% & : " # -). # # 3) " ( 3 # "& " # # ' - )3 & " 3 3 %, #)2 5 "' ' " + 2 -# 3 %/ 3 # "& / 1 " /, " # ##%/ )3 3 # . ' " "* '2 # $ * " % 1 " & " "% (', 3 $% "* " $#% " ( - # / $ " 2#% " # # ', " % -# $ -#% * " " ) " +" . / " - 6 ##% & " , " (#% ' %, # 3 " ##% : # % 2 1 " , %-% 51 ) & 3 56 # 6 . 3 $ " ( & & * - %, 51 "' (& # 2 %/ 3 # - / ( " # ', 2 #% , &), & " * : %, (" )51 "' . " & " # +, -# $ -#% * )& " (# 3 2 # 3 * "/ 2 # '. -&)5 3 #( 2 ) = ) ' 3 )** 3 $ , * ,* " # " 3 - 2# . =& # & * %, " # " 2 -# " , 3 $%-" * : % 3 5 - % +# * -#)5 (. # ")1 " '5 - 2 # 3 3 # "& 3 1 " , " . / " # +. # #% * )& & 3 - 2 # ' & -% 5 "' " % * " % # 3 # "& " # # ': )3 & " %+ 3 -, , # (#% " . ' (# " ( 3 $ -" * : * -# ## , # # 5 # & * ("' * $ (. - * " 3 3 # "& 3 . ") # * *' " )5 , # * , $ - # 5 " .& " 3 " ' * " & , & %+ 3 $% # " ")1 " ##% # ). # ' 2 -#( "# 3 : 6 # - , " # " # ). ( & )3 1 " ," ## - # 2 # ( . . ' 3 $ / & # - # 2 # " * 1(5 "* ( +. /, & & *% (, " &2 3 1 " . $ 3 * ' #%/ )" '/ "* % "* " $#% * " ( # - " ) 3 $), & & * # $ (. ) " # # " # .0 # 3 / 3 $ "* % * # "' "' # $ (. "" '# . 2 ' "* * # + " + $ & +, * / #' # 3 / # $ 3 * ' #%/ - +" + & )2 51 + " %. (# ' 3 $# ' "* , & # # , # # * " % 3 - . 2# ) ( (& * & "& * . $ (. "& * # ' "* / . #% $ & "& * . $% ) ( & "& * # ', #)2# # # 3 . " #(5 ") 5$% 3 $%, ) & %/ # # 2# + " # . '*& "' # 2 " #& / * " # &, & & ) )/ "% 2& ( 2# (& , $% 3 $% * "& " 3& %*)& % . '*& ). # "' 3 $% +, " -) 2 2( ) # / . '*& * 2 # " # + $) 3 * " #& # -. - ") & " 2# * # . '*& - % ) # $) 3 )- %, $ - ##% "* . & 2 + . '*& + $) # 2 ")# & # 2 " #& / # +, & % "/ ' "' " " #% # "* 6% & " . > -* 2) & 2 ) * " #& . '*& %"%* "( "* %. 0 & )*#%/, " " -# & %/ . '* #%/, 3 $ "* % * * " # 5 # 3 $#% # ' - 3 : , & % , - " '"(, * 1 5 "' 3 $# 6), ,

#

6 +. 3 3 $# 6 " # "' " # 1# +, # # + * ' '5 "' $ # & )*#% * % . '* & # # 2& , . . . - # 2 # 3 $ #( " 2# ) -#%/ / 3 )** # . %# = "* 6 (# " # ("' # $) * + & "" # 5 "#%/ 3 $ . " " # # 3 " ##% & "& * "& 3 $& , % * -# & "' (& " $ & )*#% 3 $ , & % / . #% # )2 ##% 3 - , . . " & # -% % & 6 . "#%/ 3 $ "& 5 (# $ 3 -# $ - #. 4 "( & # 2 " " - 2#%/ : & " &, * : * " * ) %/, & " & # $% +# ' & / & " 51 /"' * . # 3 - /, & $% "), = 3 " # 5 . / &3 $ $% # " ) #%+: 1) (& "8 $#% , # "'& )3 * # $ 1 5 # # '. (& * 5$)5 "' ' & -& "#% )/ . , & " 3 "' # $%&# ##% & "& # + * ) % : $ & , & 5$) "' ' & 6 " # + : # " "& '#% )# &# /, # 2 " ("' # ).#% & 3 $ . # , * , - " )2 5 $ (. 3 # # ', ,& $% # %* # / 5. ) (#% "#%/ 3 $ 2# * -# & ("' * (& * '3 . $% ) ( -#% 3 $%, #)2# * " 1 ( " # * '2 # # 3 / "'6 - " ## + "#% * - # + " # . , = " ) # # & & +3 # , %# * ## ) " 3 $%, & % " ) ## + " # " . # 3 % "#%/ 3 $ # 3 % * ' '5 "' $ (. / & " /, )3 , # * , #( & " ") " )5 . $% * ) ( * " # -# $ "#%/ 3 $ , ) . " 3 * " ( & & -# $) ( $8 " # ) # " # # & )*#%/ 3 $ /, "# $2 ## 6 #% 5" 6 ' . -# & . "( " & + &# 3 +, % & ' " $' ) (#%+, # %+ . "* # $%&# ## $ 3 " : & " &, & " "' ) 3 $ . "#%/ 3 $ " ( & , & % * / 2 # & ##% 6 & , &)" & , .% 2 # &)" & * # # -& "# 3 6 . " ( " * " # - 2# . & % 5 # $%&# ## * ) )5 : ) # # # - " # # * / 2 . # $ 3 * & " & " $ + # +, & 5 ' " 6 #& . # , # (-' # + & + 6 , & %+ $% # " "' ) 3 $ . = # . # * # / #( 1 ., "&)* # & - "( # - * / . - "( " ( - " # -# $ - . ' # 3 3 $% 5 (# / & #%+ 3 $# + - * /, " # / " ( & ,& % * /#) : )& , "# & , * 6 , # " , * (5 . . (#% % 3 $ " '- #% " * ##% * " . # - # /, & &, # * , " ' , " 5 "' (& / +#%/ " /, )3 , # $ , " ##%/. & % 3 $% " ) (& # & " 1 /. & # 6, # "# # " (* ' # ' 3 $ "). # * ' '5 "' # , * )3 , ( . .> "& # + " * 2 "' " ## + "#% * - # + " # . ") " ( 3 $% #( ## , # " '1 3 $%-* "# 2# & , & % % " 5 "# + $)& (# --* 51 3 "# 3 . " ( #( * - # , & % * ' '5 "' & '$ - * * " ++. # & $ (. #" 3 $ * ) # & & #6) -# ) " # , / 2# ( 3 #% $ 3)" - " # '$ . & & / "#%/ 3 $ / * + # . ""& -? % * # $) & " ("' - "( $% #%/ "8 $#%/ 3 $ , # / & )2 " # # * " # . . # "& (& # '. % * -# & "' " 3 $ , - " #% . & ) & )3) +, " 3 $ # " 3 "8 $#% , # # "#% * " # .# * -# & $ 3 "& " $ ## " ' . #% " , %* " # "#%/ 3 $ 3 # ) " ,$ 3 . ## 3 $%. > 3 $% * ' '5 "' # " ## + "# +, 3 3 , & & (' #) "' " +. & )2 / * - # " 3 * $)2 5 "' * % . ,

* "# / "& ( -# & 3 # # + , = 3 $% " " ## . 4 # " 3 - & /3 $ ,# # ," & $%&# ##%+ (Gyromitra esculenta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orchella esculenta). # "' " & , 3 . '*& * # * ##)5 : ): # * / 2 # &) # '+6 . /# " ( . '*& 2 # ' " -' " ', 2 -$) '. 2& 3 ## , )" & . "# + " "' &2 " & & # "& + (Morchella conica), ) # ## ' . '*& & 3 * / 2 # )5 . .&) (" . ")# & # & +& ). & , & & " & , # "' "' & ") % 3 $ . # %3 ' 1 # ## + 3 $, & %+ # -% "' " & ' . * & (Verpa bohemica). ")/ + * . + " + * * # "' 2 -$) ' 1 # " ' . '*& , " '1 ' # " + $ + # 2& . * %+ -3 ' " & . * 3 ' "( & . '*& - # " " " $ ', * & % & " % "& & ,& % # $ -)5 ' &. 3 # , - "( " ' # " '1 ' . '*& , # , & & & * & # * " &, # # # 2&) * & * ' "' (& " # . * $) .( ( 3& ' "', # '## ) # .( 3 $ 2 " . " " ( 3 $ 6 & , # , # 2& ) # 3 (# ## ', # "& (& ## . '*& . /) # #(. , &# -) # # 3 ) 1 "'. & ' . * & &2 # " "' & ") % 3 $ . -& +, # # ,* # ") "', "8 $#% # . ## 3 $% 3 / 2# # + . " * " ##% 3 $% "8 $#% &)"#%, # (& " & " & # "# ( & *'1 + # 10-20 #) , * )2 2 (. & '. * & * 3 # '2 & 3 $ - & +* (# + * 3 & . ) # " 3 ,3 # + ## 3 $%, " ( ) # : # " 5 "' -#%/ * / " . 4 "( #)2# * " -# ( * ##% 3 $#% " . " # 2 % " 3 -# $) ( ") " ## 3 $%, # ( " * / "5 # " )51)5 "#). * , 2 = " ) # (-' $% ( ) ##% , # 3 # $ :)3 $ # & 2 %+ 3 $% ) 2 +#% . 7 $% # $% # + : %. $# 2 ## + * "), # & " 1 / # 3 " 5 "' 3 $% 3 # (# + : % - # $ (. . & , # "& (& * / 2 # # 5 #)5 +#)5 .&). > #% % * 6 6 (Peziza) # & %/ $ -& / . . & * " '5 " $ + * % = / 3 $ . / #) ##'' * /# " ( "* .( * & % # 3 " ##% " (# % '#) % . & " "* - ") & . . #% * % 3) $% ( #( & - #(. 3 . #%. $% # # & )*# - & & #% # & 2 $ (. . #& / / ' #( " #% , # & . & "& 3 $ (# -# $ -# : ' & -& "# ', #2 ', & # '. ". 26. 7 $ 3 & # " $ -# : ) &)" #%/ 3 $ - * " + 3 & (Clavaria) # & %/ )3 /. %, & # # , " # * ") = 3 # (#% #(& "&)" & " " 1 / " & " ( ". 26). # $% 5 ' & #2 % , 2 % , $ % . " 2 ' 3 $% " # ' "' " #% , )* )3 . (# 5$) .("' / 3 6 -# + : +. # " " '5 * ' #%+ & # " " $% #% - # & #% 3 $ ,& %/ .( #( # 3 : & %/ #(

*

(&

"(. 1 3 $%, & % &2 * & 5 # # " + : +, # " '1 #(& * & . # " 5 "' $% # / +#%/ " / " ) # / * & * (' . & "& / $ ' 2 '. > * " "* ) ' ' (Spathularia). 2& 3 $ * # & + 2 #%, & & "* & , # 1 . 4 & # "' # * "& + * " #& + (# + : %. 7 $ * / 2 # . & & & " & . & 3 $%- * & / / 3 * & 5 "' # 3 $ (. & " . # '3& )* )3 , & & -# & % " "8 $#% 3 $%. 0 ' " + : + 3 $ " & " ' (Craterellus cornucopioides). " ( " $ )-& & # "&)5, " (# % '#) )5 . '*) " #( & & * ' ## &)5 : ) 3 $. (& = ". '* " " & (# , * )-& + & # 6 )* "' 5, * ' "* 2 #% # /). 7 $ # & # 3 $% # # $ (. * (6 . # .# + 3 $ (# #%+: # # -" 3 , * # 3 6 . # , --- = 3 # 6% # -% 5 3 " )$ + %/". ##%+ 3 $ $ 2 +. + " ## & " -# & + "8 $# + %2 + " & : = )3 + 3 2 . # & # 6, 1 $ # 3 $ , & %+, * 2 )+, # " / * % )1 /. - # 3 -'# ' - & ( % Geastrum). > 3 $ +" (# * / 2 # - - )" # 3 " % ) . 6 # & +- - %* 1 "' # $ (. + . & " % & + # /). 7 $ 2 # * " 3 * & # # 3 # (# " (5 " +: %. & "& 3 # ' & ', "& # '. ; & 6 # - & * / 2 # -# & %+ " 3 $- 2 &. .( # . & - - % & % $ & # + *% (= "* % 3 $ ). 4 '# ' - & - $ -& + " ## & 2 & . > & & $% # 5 #%+ 2 &, # " " $ -#% )& . # - - %. "# #%+ 3 $ (Marasmius scorodonius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hallus impudicus). - 2# , " ) "(, ' * "), )3 * ) " ( # * ' #%+ "* 6 : "& + - * /, * / 2 + # - * / * . % * . # "& (& . 3 # " -. - "( $%, # 3 " $ ## 3 - * $ - " 3# . " % - # ") "(, &) "/ )*#%+ " , % $) # ) #%. ' -%"& * - * /), % # * - # $# )2 ... # "#%+ 3 $. # # -% "' " & + $%&# ## +. # .# + 3 $ "( " $ - #. - * # "' $ ' # 2& # +" & # . 1 # + * * (6 . & #6 - " 3& - ) ' & # "& ' 3 & " 2 $ 3 6 . /# " ( 3 & " ', & & ) " & . /) 3 & - # $ (. ' 1 # '* -(. 7 $ # * # " & " # $% # ## + # 2& +. 6% #( ) # # -% 5 3 #5 " & .

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ylopilus felleus). 7 & "' $ 3 , " 3& )5 "# -) . '*&) #%+ " %+ ")# & # " + # 2& . " 2 " (# # #( * / 2 # $ %+. * / ( #3 & 2 & -/ . /3 $ * "' %$ " ( &). #( . # 2& 3 ' $ & . " "' 3 & / +#%/ " / 5 - " # '$ . " ( ) # " )3 + & 3 2 3 $ - * #%+ (Suillus piperatus). > " (#%+ 23) + &)", " # * 6. # .# # %3 ' $ - $ # # * # / & # $ (. / " #& + # 2& +. (& . '*& "# -) # ', & "# & # '. /) # 3 " . # 2# + * /# " . '*& - # 2 " & / % &, & & ) # . / ) . / 3 $ : $ 3 , * $ & , * " # & , " #& . " 23) + 3 $ $% # ")/ / " /. ' * ' # ' - 5 ( - " # '$ (. > # 3 # "' * #( 3 $ - +# & . # / - ' %+ 2#%+ * # &, # * 3 #%+ * 1) 2#%+ )+ . & * 2 , * ' ("' 3 $ , " ) * " ("' " *% #% 3 $# & . " " ' "' ") " # (#% 3 $%, ) . # $ . * " # & (Helvella infula). - # + " #(5, & 3 )2 * " , & -3 ")

2# # 2&), # 1

" ( 3 $ " ## + : %. # (# " )5 2 -$ )5 # /) & + "* 3 "' & # %+ )3 %+ & & * ) %/ +. > & & # "& (& & )*#%/ # * (# -& # "& / * " +, / -#% " #%. ) # 2 "& - (, # # * / 2 (" . ")# & # & *& ). & %3 ' 3 $, & %+ # -% "' * " # & . ' ' "' # #( * - # , # - " %/ * " # /. ) %+ 3 $ 1 " 3 " "' # " (# - ). ## + " # (# * , # * )"3# . / " / ( , 2 1 /# ), &2 # 2#%/ & " 1 /. " "#%/ * 2 # " * " ' "' # $)3 ##%/ " & / ( . " $ ## & )*#% 3 $ % " ,3 " # 2# * = " ( "#% " & )3 (. * " # & # & # .# "/ " " " & ' ' "' 3 " ## & : $ 3 $ * # 2 & " ) ") %/, # "' "' & # ) " +" ). # & '* ' # ' /" . ## # . # - # / & & $% & % 3 $# + " - # "), )3 + . . " / * % 3 (& 3 $ /-" * : /, & % - 3 5 % " & " # + 2 ) # * . * ( ""& 2 )/ 3 $ /-* - /, & % 5 "' # 2 %/ ('/. ) & " #%+ (Laetiporus sulphureus). 2 $% (, % & 3 -# $) ( # " " 3 )$ $ (. # " % 2 3 6 , # 3 " #2 % #& - & & $% " % 3 - # (#% & -% (& . # 3) $% ( #). (#%/ * ) $ (. #). > * % * - # 3 3 $ ,& %+ # -% "' ) & " #% . ' '5 "' # "# + & " # - "%/ 5 . & / 2 -# .( # "& (& "'6 . 3 + / )& + - # " #% '3& , # * = = " #% , " # - # % . & 2 % # " % ) ( 2 , . '*& # & %/ "8 $#%/ 3 $ .4 * / / (# * ' #%+, * # 3 $# +. 2#'' * /# " ( & -% (& & % ', & & ) . '*& $ 3 3 $ . 4 "( & % 5 "' " ' # 3 " ##%/ & / )$ &, & % * # -% 5 * . )$ & %"%* 5 "' ( +. , # % * " % 3 "* %. # * / % 5 "' & - )/ * # "' "' (# & . * 1(5 / 3 $ - # 2 "'. # "# , & & $% # $% # & # # " & & $% # "* 3 "' " & -% &, )$ & " 3 # * #% " 3 & (# . ( (& * & * 2 # * # " % "* % 3) $ "* *' " ## %"%* ("' #& / ##%/ )$ %/ & # (6 . % 3 $ "& * " /* ' # '# " "8 $#%, # * / )2 # (-' "* (( * 1). # 5 * & # 6 %"%/ 5 3 , " # ' "' & . &) 2 $ ) "' # 1#% 2 % # " %? * $) * " ( "( *) ( ' 3 $ . # "' " " & & +- $ #% # " . 2 # # " , # * , & , * / . + * "# + 3 . " " # &)" & & % $# 2 "( 2 ' & #( , 3 $) " ( 3 * " ("'. #) * * 5 3 $#% "* %, & % # "' "' - )/ , # # 5 * " (. & -% "' - 2 ##% . - "* "# % " 5 # +. , #(. " ,2 % # - & # -% % 3 :%. # * # & 5 " - "( " (# - " 5 "' ' "', $ -)' $. # " 2# "* # 6 +. & + 6 + "' " # # -# (# * '2 # " 56 $ . " . +"' " 3 $ - ). " #). - & *& + # * 1 "' )/ ' )5 * $ %+ # & ("& "# ' 3# ("). (& * " 3 ,& &3 $ " # 1# - ( "' #) " , * ' '5 "' )2 -# & % # * % . & $ - , 3 $ " ( & & $% " : "# "& % ' 2 -#(, & 3 # - " "' " , * ' # # " - $ - # * %/ . 7 $ * " ' "' (& # / ('/, & % 5 #%. "5 '"# , "& ( 2# ' " / # # ' ( " " '# $ 2# # . # & # , * )* 2 # "'& / * # # +.

) & " #%+ " ## & )3 / ) & ,& % &2 $ -)5 * % # " / ( . = * % " . ## #% - # 5 : ) & *% & *& , '# " % . # , " /# " / )$ , " #, $ -. # "# , & "& *% " " / #'5 "' # 3 ,* 2 3 # # " 5 . 9 " ) # * # # ' (Fistulina hepatica). > * - #%+ 3 $ %3 ' #( " $ -# . 3 * * / 2 # $ (. + * "& + &)" & '" * #( & )*# 3 2 # 3 ( "5 # - # 3 $ ). & # "# $ - # - & % " # " / " %/ )$ , # 3 ) " +. * ' ' "' & #6 " #(5. "* 2 # # # &2 , & &) ) & ,-# * $ & -% (& . & "& " /) '" -& "# ', "# -) - 2 '. 4 "(, # # 2# + * /# " , & & ) ) & , 2# ( # 2 " & / % &-= " ' )$ &, #) & %/ $ -)5 "' "* %. : " ) #% ) (# # * # &)" & '" . # (# '3& " # . " $ ## * (# , , " 3 (, - # 3 " "' & "# ' 2 & " (, #( * / 2 ' # & (. /# " ( & "# ' " $ % ")#& , & & $) '" " 2 % * 2 & . &)" '& & " %+, - * / * ' #%+ - : )& %+. % : " ) #% "8 $#%. " $ ## " ' '= 3 $ "# #%/ / "/ # " # "" ##% ) & . % 3 &2 # # . # " / #'5 "' .( # "& (& # (. 9 " ) # * ) # # " /# . / ('/, (& # )$ . " "' # ") # " . 4 ( < ) &" 6 # -% 5 #( " $ -#)5 3 )**) # -. / " # +, # # 3 * / 2 / # 3 $% * " )" # 5 2 -# . & % -# /# * # 5 3 $% 2 * # .# ) ). " "( # & " % , 3# 51 *#' . # 3 2# ( 6 % "& * # ' " ##%/ & / . & & # - #2 + & "& . # " ) * ' # " + " # . # /$ #& & )*# + '3 % # +" #% (" . ")# & # & +& ). > & & " ( # - # $ "* " # ##%/ "#%/ &" 6 - & # -% ' & 3 , ( & (Lycogala epidendrum). # . & '3& . " " (# # (# # - # /, # * "' # 3 % & 3)" ' #2 ' 2 & " (. & & #6) . & " 5 - # " # ' "' ")/ . = ' #) # / )2 # 2 & " (, %/ ' * .& $ -# ' "" # -& # 3 6 . = + " ' & 3 #( # * # #(& + 3 $- 2 &. #%+ * . &, & %+ # / "' #) " - . 3 . & , * " ' " $ + "") "* , " * 1(5 & %/ " # - # 2 "'. . &* . &, & 3 - = & & $% 2 & # 5 .0# " ( . # * , #%+ * . & "* #) # 3 . ) $% # # " = " # &3 $ ? ( * "' & 3 & 2 , & & # & % 3 $%: # 2 - " - 2 # ' 3# 51 + " #% )3 / " (#%/ " & . & 3 - # 3 $. * ): * / # , ) 3 $ . + * " 2 -#( " " 3 # , " "* %. % #& -"* %, %"%* . "( " 3 . $ -# 3 " 1 , * " 5 , " )" ' ' = 3 $ 3 * ' #%. & 2 + "* % % " & "& * "& + &)" & 2 3 1 " - 3 ' & & , . ## ' $ & . 0 # " ( (& * * ' . / # & ', & & ' "' ) 5 "' " , " 5 "' "* .#)5 " - " )5 ""). & "& * = " -( %3 ' & & * * " # 3 ' . "" " - - & # -% %+ * +-) "' / * & % #& + * #& + 3# 51 "#% " & 3 -# $) ( # + "% + 1 " 3 *#'. +" * ' * " # # $%&# ##%: # $ "* " $# " (5 ## * 1 ("' " " # " , & & $% * * - (. & 3 # $% # ) & & / )3 /

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uligo septica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

* # " ( + # * ## % 3 ( " # 3& 3 '. " $ ## 3)$ * # & 3 # $ &, " % * -# & ("', $) (

" ( ,

3 #% - "" #

/ *& 6 . # # & & + # $/ " " # , & " - $ - # " . "' # $% # " $ (. ) .( "*)" '

(#% * " " ', & 3 -)5 - " + " +" (# 5$ " ##% )3 *

)# 2 5 5 "' & , " # ' %, & 3 * +

" # ', & % * " + (#% =&- * ' . / " # * ) . ". $ 3 *) !

Мир лесных растений

Recommend Documents