Adhesives & Sealants Industry August 2011

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August 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 8 • www.adhesivesmag.com

❯ Organometallic Catalysts ❯ Adhesion Testing

Scan the mobile tag for direct access to the Distributor Directory! Get the free mobile app at http://gettag.mobi

Expand the Possibilities with RHOPLEX™ 4400 RHOPLEX™ 4400 acrylic polymer can help you develop plasticizer-free caulk and sealant formulations, which result in products with reduced dirt pickup, glossing, mildew growth and paint discoloration. This novel polymer also helps provide excellent exterior durability and good adhesion to a variety of construction substrates. RHOPLEX 4400 can even help reduce formulation costs by eliminating plasticizer or increasing P/B.

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To learn more about our customized solutions, visit us at www.wacker.com/knows-solutions Or simply use your smart phone to scan the QR code above. Wacker Chemical Corporation, 3301 Sutton Road, Adrian, MI 49221, USA TEL: +1 888 922 5374, FAX: +1 517 264 4068, [email protected]

INNOVATION = VALUE COATINGS: Go ‘green’ with innovative binder and additive technologies.

ADHESIVES & SEALANTS:

Conserve energy in production and product use.

ELASTOMERS:

Formulate with alternative raw materials, and do it competitively.

YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN. Univar supplies the CASE industry with much more than a comprehensive line of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your green formulation challenges, offering you technical expertise from concept to production. Consider Univar your partner in sustainable product development. We connect you to the latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.

INNOVATION > TECHNICAL EXPERTISE > MARKETING > SALES > LOGISTICS > DISTRIBUTION

1.877.203.0045 | [email protected] www.univarcorp.com

IN THIS ISSUE ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 18, NUMBER 8

20

DEPARTMENTS

NEW TIN- AND MERCURY-FREE ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS FOR CASE URETHANE APPLICATIONS

6

Editor’s Memo

8

Company News

9

People

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Calendar

12

Regulatory Review

14

Focus On: Dow

16

Focus On: Wisdom Adhesives

PRACTICAL ADHESION TESTING

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Case Study

A wide range of adhesive properties can be measured by applying tensile or compression forces in a controlled manner.

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What’s New

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Services Marketplace

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Classifieds

46

Ask Dr. Dave

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Ad Index

New catalysts offer performance characteristics in multiple applications.

27 29

INTEGRATING SYSTEMS A new model integrates standardization requirements and other management systems.

FORMALDEHYDE: WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW MAY HURT YOU Industries that use formaldehyde should take prudent steps to protect themselves.

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35 37 39

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DISTRIBUTION IN THE ADHESIVES MARKET The role of specialty chemical distributors is expanding in the adhesives market.

RISKS & REWARDS Sourcing raw materials can provide both challenges and opportunities.

DISTRIBUTOR DIRECTORY

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Our exclusive year-long reference tool helps connect manufacturers with the appropriate distributor partner. August 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 8 • www.adhesivesmag.com

❯ Organometallic Catalysts ❯ Adhesion Testing

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ON THE COVER:

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Cover design by Lindsay Leusby.

FOR SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION OR QUESTIONS, CONTACT: Customer Service: (847) 763-9534 ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY (ISSN 1070-9592) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $178.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $216.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $228.00 (Int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

August 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

Audited by BPA Worldwide.

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EDITOR'S MEMO

THE RIGHT PARTNER

www.adhesivesmag.com 6075 B Glick Rd., Powell, OH 43065 • 614-789-1880

PUBLISHING STAFF John Schrei, Publishing Director — 248-786-1637, [email protected]

I realized my 100-year-old house was a bit of a fixer-upper when I bought it, but I figured I’d do most of the work myself. I was filled with enthusiasm and thought it would be fun. I unfortunately didn’t realize that I’m not very good at DIY projects until after I’d begun the first major project. Let’s just say it did not go well. I scouted around and got several quotes from contractors to not only finish the project at hand, but to repair the damage I’d done. The person I eventually hired offered a number of innovative options at a reasonable price, and I hired him for the job. I’m so glad I did; he remains on my speed dial to this day. His work is excellent, he’s far more knowledgeable and skillful than I am, and I know I can always trust him to find cost-effective solutions to my various household projects/disasters. Many manufacturers have developed similar relationships with distributors. The role of distributors has evolved over the years to encompass much more than just raw material deliveries. Many distributors offer R&D, testing and product trial services to help manufacturers achieve their goals. For manufacturers that don’t have the staff or the desire to stay on top of a multitude of materials-related issues, finding the right distributor can be the perfect solution. To help connect manufacturers with the appropriate distributor partner, this issue of ASI includes our second annual Distributor Directory. This year-long reference tool is organized by region to help you quickly locate a distributor in your area. Distributor listings include company contact information, including address, phone, fax, email, website and key contacts, as well as a description of the company’s offerings.* Many listings also include details regarding the companies that the distributor represents. The Distributor Directory is a work in progress, and we’d love to hear your comments. Please contact me at (330) 336-4098 or [email protected] with your suggestions.

Tom Esposito, Senior Group Publisher — 610-436-4220, [email protected] Amy Vallance, Publisher — 281-550-5855, [email protected] Susan Sutton, Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media — 330-336-4098, [email protected] Teresa McPherson, Managing Editor — 734-332-0541, [email protected] Kelsey Seidler, Associate Editor — 614-789-1881, [email protected] Lindsay Leusby, Art Director — 248-244-1735, [email protected] Karen Talan, Senior Production Manager — 248-244-6246, [email protected]

SALES STAFF Amy Vallance, Sales Representative Midwest, West and Southwest U.S., and Western Canada 281-550-5855, [email protected] Brandon Miller, East Coast Sales Manager Eastern U.S. and Canada, Latin America 610-436-4220 x8513, [email protected] Patrick Connolly, Sales Representative, Europe Patco Media-London, 99 Kings Road, Westcliff on Sea, Essex SSO 8PH, England 44-1702-477341, FAX 44-1702-477559, [email protected] Peg Van Winkle, Inside Sales 614-760-4222, [email protected] Christopher Wilson, BNP Custom Media Group 248-244-8264, [email protected] Kevin Collopy, Postal List Rental Manager 800-223-2194 x684, [email protected] Michael Costantino, E-mail List Rental Account Manager 800-223-2194 x748, [email protected]

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dave Dunn, bms North America Dan Murad, The ChemQuest Group Inc. David P. Nick, DPNA International Inc.

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Susan Sutton is Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media for Adhesives & Sealants Industry and Ceramic Industry magazines. If you wish to send a letter to the editor, please email [email protected]. Letters must include the sender’s address, phone number and email address, when possible. Letters may be edited for space and clarity.

THIS MONTH ON www.adhesivesmag.com... Distributor Directory The online directory is searchable by product or company, and includes extras such as hotlinks,, spec sheets, and videos for select suppliers.* Daily Updates The latest industry and company news, personnel announcements, new products and more are updated daily to help you stay informed. Digital Edition ASI’s digital editions are easy to read, search and download. This month’s edition is sponsored by Dynasol LLC. *Supplier listings indicate paid advertising. Contact Peg Van Winkle at [email protected] for pricing and additional details.

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Steven Gailbreath, Arizona Chemical Richard P. Muny, Chemsultants International Network Larry Owen, Franklin International Lex Reynolds, Reynolds Glue Deborah Chrzanowski, Intertape Polymer Group and PSTC Technical Steering Committee Chair

AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Terry Owens, Corporate Audience Development Manager Kelly Carlson, Multimedia Specialist Carolyn M. Alexander, Audience Audit Coordinator For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel. (847) 763-9534 or Fax (847) 763-9538 or email [email protected]

CORPORATE DIRECTORS Publishing: Timothy A. Fausch Publishing: John R. Schrei Corporate Strategy: Rita M. Foumia Marketing: Ariane Claire Production: Vincent M. Miconi Finance: Lisa L. Paulus

Creative: Michael T. Powell Directories: Nikki Smith Human Resources: Marlene J. Witthoft IT: Scott Krywko Clear Seas Research: Beth A. Surowiec

BNP Media Helps People Succeed in Business with Superior Information

August 2011

Learning opportunities include: Dynamic speakers and specialized sessions focus on a broader range of functional expertise.

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Discover the latest products, services and innovations at the ASC EXPO on October 17th.

Attendees consistently rank the ASC Convention & EXPO as their PRIMARY place to meet and network with industry professionals.

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COMPANY NEWS The Emulsion Polymers business of CELANESE CORP. has formally dedicated its expanded vinyl acetate/ethylene (VAE) unit in Nanjing, China. The expansion, which doubles the original capacity of the VAE unit, came online in the second quarter. For more information, visit www.celanese.com. DSM recently announced the formation of a DSM Functional Materials Business Unit. The activities of the current DSM Desotech Business Unit will be integrated into this new structure. Founded on DSM’s four global growth drivers, High-Growth Economies, Innovation, Sustainability, and Acquisitions and Partnerships, DSM Functional Materials will focus on market trends pointing toward more environmentally friendly and lighter weight materials. It will reportedly continue its leadership in UV-curable materials with a strong focus on Asia and other high-growth economies, while also targeting additional high-growth areas for its innovation efforts. For more information, visit www.dsm.com. ELLSWORTH ADHESIVES has expanded its OK International product line offering

to include soldering stations, tips and cartridges; fume abatement equipment; and other supplies. Ellsworth is now a distributor for the OK International solder equipment in North America, allowing for an expanded product line offering. For more information, visit www.ellsworth.com or www.okinternational.com. EMERALD KALAMA CHEMICAL, a division of Emerald Performance Materials, recently announced it has completed a 25% capacity expansion for its K-FLEX® production unit at its Kalama, WA, facility. K-FLEX plasticizers and coalescents are used in adhesives, PVC compounds, coatings and other latex polymer applications. Visit www.emeraldmaterials.com for more information. EXXONMOBIL has announced the development of a new office campus in north Houston for employees currently working in several locations in the Houston area. The complex will be located on a 385acre wooded site on company-owned land. The site will contain multiple low-rise office buildings; a laboratory; conference

and training centers; and facilities such as child care, a wellness center, and other employee amenities. It is expected that most employees working in the corporation’s Houston Upstream head office activities, along with ExxonMobil Chemical Co. and various staff support services, will be based at the campus. For further details, visit www.exxonmobil.com. HENKEL has partnered with Holst Centre in the field of flexible electronics. The two companies have begun jointly defining areas of exploration and focus. The two will collaborate to identify and develop solutions that will meet the stringent end-use requirements associated with emerging technologies in flexible electronics, including flexible lighting and photovoltaics. For additional details, visit www.henkelna.com or www. holstcentre.com. INTERTAPE POLYMER GROUP (IPG) recently announced a supplier agreement with the American Boatbuilders Association (ABA), offering Intertape® and American® brand tapes and films to the association’s 13-mem-

At Tremco, sustainability is a way of life

W E D O N ’ T J U S T TA L K A B O U T S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y – W E L I V E I T. At Tremco Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing, we have taken this word and everything it stands for and have incorporated it into our product development activities, our operations and our corporate culture. Teams have been established to look at energy savings and process time reductions at all of our facilities. Our Toronto manufacturing facility achieved zero landfill in just under two-and-a-half years! And, using our sustainable products, integrated design and best practices, we have transformed our vintage 1970 headquarters into a model for sustainable design.

At Tremco, sustainability has literally become the cornerstone of our business.

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3735 Green Road Beachwood, OH 44122 216.292.5000 www.tremcosealants.com

August 2011

Solutions for ber network of boat brands. This new partnership enables ABA members to purchase IPG products at competitive prices and provides access to specially designed programs that offer growth rebates. Members will also have access to IPG’s dedicated marine sales staff to evaluate the manufacturing process and offer improvements and costsaving ideas. For more information, visit www.intertapepolymer.com. 3M recently announced it has entered into an agreement to acquire Advanced Chemistry & Technology Inc. (AC TECH), a manufacturer of quick-cure, lightweight polysulfide sealants for aerospace applications. The launch of new aircraft platforms is expected to contribute to strong growth and demand for aerospace sealants over the next several years. AC TECH’s range of fast-curing polysulfide sealants reportedly complements 3M’s aerospace material offerings and custom-engineered solutions. 3M has also announced that it is breaking ground on an expansion at its Cordova, IL, manufacturing facility. The plant manufactures a variety of specialty chemicals and adhesives, including Novec™ brand products designed as a safe, sustainable chemistry to replace ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and potent greenhouse gases (GHG). Visit www.3m.com or www.actechaero.com for more information. NORDSON CORP. recently announced the opening of a new demonstration center in Dongguan, China, to expand the company’s ability to meet the needs of customers in its Advanced Technology Systems operating segment. The new center will initially be focused on products and solutions provided by the Advanced Technology segment’s Nordson ASYMTEK, Nordson DAGE, and Nordson YESTECH brands. The new facility will reportedly provide greater access to equipment demonstrations, application engineering support, training, sales, and service for customers in south China’s expanding high-tech manufacturing industry. For more information, visit www.nordson.com.

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PPG INDUSTRIES recently presented seven Excellent Supplier Awards for superior performance in 2010. The company’s criteria for Excellent Supplier Awards include product quality, delivery, documentation, innovation, responsiveness, continuous improvement and participation in PPG’s Supplier Added Value Effort ($AVE) program. Among the companies earning the 2010 Excellent Supplier Award are Bayer MaterialScience, a global supplier of polyurethanes, resins and other raw materials to PPG’s aerospace, automotive OEM coatings, automotive refinish and industrial coatings businesses; and Eastman Chemical Co., which provides solvents, adhesion promoters and other chemicals to PPG’s aerospace, automotive OEM coatings, automotive refinish, chlor-alkali and derivatives, industrial coatings, and protective and marine coatings businesses in North America. For further details, visit www.ppg.com.

PEOPLE MACtac recently announced the promotion of CHRIS BANKS to the position of director, MACtac Specialty Products. Banks assumes this position after serving for more than four years as North American sales manager. In his new role, Banks is responsible for the management of sales and marketing for the MACtac Specialty Products business, including international sales for products and solutions produced in the U.S. August 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry ASI01104Dynasol.indd 1

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COMPANY NEWS The Adhesive and Sealant Council (ASC) announced that GARY DELZELL, director of Supply Management at Bostik Inc., was unanimously elected to join the council’s Board of Directors. Delzell was elected in a special election to fill the term of BILL CAMPBELL, president of Bostik, who became CEO of Total Petrochemicals on July 1. Delzell has spent 35 years at Bostik in a variety of capacities, including oversight of global manufacturing, quality control, regu-

latory and supply management. He served on the council board from 2002 to 2008. Lintech International LLC has announced that ALYSON GUSMAN has relocated to Dallas, Texas, in a sales role. In addition, the company has hired RICK ADAMS, who will be focused on the lubricant, metalworking and oilfield industries; and BETSY MAEKER, who will be focused on the coatings and building products industries

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MIKE TEMPLIN was hired to focus on the coatings industry in Oklahoma and Texas. DEREK HERALD was promoted to Product Manager, Functional Minerals and Commodities, and will relocate to Atlanta this fall.

Deacom Inc. recently announced the promotion of AMANDA MACKEDANZ to vice president of sales. Mackedanz joined Deacom in June 2010 as a senior product consultant. Previously, she was responsible for determining business process requirements for manufacturing companies. Ellsworth Adhesives recently announced the addition of SERGIO PATRICIO as an Engineering Sales representative for Ellsworth Latin America Adesivos LTDA. Patricio will focus on field sales and technical support to existing and new development businesses in the São Paulo, southeast, and southern regions of Brazil. TIMOTHY J. WESSEL , Ph.D., has been appointed president of Emerald Performance Materials’ Emerald Polymer Additives business. He will be responsible for the strategic direction and all operational aspects of Emerald Polymer Additives. Wessel succeeds EDWARD T. GOTCH, who had been serving as president of both the Emerald Kalama Chemical and Emerald Polymer Additives businesses. Gotch will continue as president of Emerald Kalama Chemical, focusing on the continued growth of that enterprise and the recently acquired DSM Special Products business in the Netherlands.

The Supervisory Board of Akzo Nobel N.V. announced that HANS WIJERS, CEO, has decided to step down, effective from the annual general meeting (AGM) in 2012. TON BÜCHNER will take over as CEO (pending AGM approval), effective from the 2012 AGM. Büchner is currently president and CEO of Sulzer AG. Wisdom Adhesives has hired two new regional sales managers. RANDAL WILMOTH will lead the company’s new sales office to serve the Pacific Northwest, and REUBEN BROCK will lead Wisdom’s Southeast office. Wilmoth has more than 20 years of experience in sales and management, and has extensive experience with industrial adhesives, packaging, material handling and logistics. Brock has both adhesive and equipment experience, having worked at Nordson for over 20 years. August 2011

CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 12-14 imX Interactive Manufacturing eXperience; Las Vegas, NV; www.imxevent.com 13-14 Coatings Trends & Technologies, Oak Brook, IL; www.coatingsconference.com 13-14 Nanopolymers 2011; Dusseldorf, Germany; http://ismithers.net/venue-details/XNAN11

26-19 Adhesion Society Annual Meeting and Expo; New Orleans, LA; www.adhesionsociety.org

MARCH 11-16 Pittcon 2012; Orlando, FL; (800) 825-3221, ext. 203; www.pittcon.org 27-29 Westec; Los Angeles, CA; www.westeconline.com

APRIL 15-17 ASC Spring Convention; Denver, CO; www.ascouncil.org 18-19 NanoManufacturing Conference & Exhibits; Boston, MA; www.sme.org/cgi-bin/get-event.pl?-002081-000007-home--SMEFor a more detailed listing, visit www.adhesivesmag.com.

15-16 FEICA Conference; Valencia, Spain; www.feica.eu 20-22 Green Manufacturing Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html 20-22 Assembly and Automation Technology Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.aatexpo.com 26-28 CPP Expo; Las Vegas Convention Center: Las Vegas; www.cppexpo.com/

OCTOBER 5-7

CEPE Annual Conference and General Assembly; Dublin,Ireland; www.european-coatings.com/cepe

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TURKCOAT COATINGS SHOW; Istanbul Expo Center; Istanbul, Turkey; www.turkcoat.com

16-18 ASC Fall Convention; Indianapolis, IN; www.ascouncil.org 18-19 Manufacturing with Composites; Fort Worth, TX; www.sme.org/cgi-bin/get-event.pl?--002084000007-home--SME20-22 17th Annual Manufacturing in Mexico Summit; San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico; www.manufacturinginmexicosummit.com

NOVEMBER 1-3

2011 CHEM SHOW; Jacob K. Javits Convention Center; www.chemshow.com

9-10 The Composites Engineering Show; Birmingham, UK; www.compositesexhibition.com 9-10I nformex Asia; Suntec, Singapore; www.asia.informex.com

A word from our customers: "Merlin's flexibility is remarkable. They stock our material and can turn on a dime when our requirements change. They always ship quickly, and more than once have responded to emergencies with next-day delivery. Nice people that are easy to work with. Overall, Merlin is an excellent supplier." B. S. Specialty polymer supplier Merlin customer for 9 years

"Merlin is extremely qualityconscious, with fast delivery and excellent attention to detail. They've given us the opportunity to be competitive on smaller orders by downpacking drums into custom cartridges. Our sales have grown steadily, thanks in no small part to Merlin Packaging." Eric Watson Purchasing Supervisor Rudolph Brothers & Co. Merlin customer for 10 years Merlin provides accurate filling of dual cartridges, syringes, pouches, mixed frozen, and many other packaging options. For fast delivery of big or small orders of quality custom packaging, call Merlin Packaging Technologies today.

21-23 Abrafati 2011; Sao Paolo, Brazil; www.abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html

FEBRUARY 2012 14-16 Green Manufacturing Expo West; Anaheim, CA; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html 21-23 Composites 2012; Las Vegas, NV; www.acmashow.org

August 2011

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Gahanna, OH 43230 Toll-free: 888-648-7878 [email protected] www.merlinpackaging.com

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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REGULATORY REVIEW Bill 579 to develop a list of specific hazard traits to aid in criteria selection. A “chemicals of concern” list may serve as a queue for chemicals that could have eventual action taken upon them by the DTSC. Since it has been widely acknowledged in public meetings that neither the DTSC nor the industrial field could handle the volume of chemicals on a Chemicals of Concern roster all at once, it is likely that the final version of this rule will allow for the determination of priority chemicals. A priority chemical would be one that is being or will soon be assessed. The concept of a de minimis rule for priority chemicals also remains active, and the impact that would have on formulating and driving unintentional or trace materials out of basic chemicals is currently under debate.

CALIFORNIA’S GREEN CHEMISTRY LEGISLATION By Michael Schmeida, LEED® AP, Manager of Sustainable Programs, Tremco, Inc.

n 2008, California Assembly Bill 1879 (AB 1879), which requires the state of California to implement a Green Chemistry Rule or Law by the year 2011, became a law. It is anticipated that this law will be the most comprehensive and progressive of its type in the world, and it may even become a basis for chemical reform on the national and global level. Therefore, AB 1879 is of great importance to the industrial field. The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), a department within the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal-EPA), is authorized by AB 1879 to develop a program that will identify, prioritize and address chemicals of concern in marketplace products. From there, the DTSC will foster a movement toward safer alternatives via an ongoing process of identifying chemicals of concern (and products where exposure to such chemicals is possible), performing assessments of other

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chemicals in applications to determine if viable alternatives are practical, and issuing regulatory responses.

CHEMICALS OF CONCERN Among other factors, special consideration is given to chemicals that are: • Particularly problematic for sensitive populations; • Persistent bio-accumulative toxins (PBTs); or • Pervasive in commerce, and therefore have a greater likelihood of exposure. Beyond these, AB 1879 does allow the use of pre-existing lists from authoritative bodies to aid in determining chemicals of concern. Such lists may include California Proposition 65 and the REACH Candidate and Substances of Very High Concern lists, among others. In addition, the Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment within Cal-EPA has been instructed through California Senate

PRODUCTS OF CONCERN The original bill states that the universe of products for consideration is all consumer products as defined in Section 25152 of the State Health and Safety Code. To paraphrase, a consumer product is any product that a person uses, installs, can come into contact with, etc., throughout their lifecycle (with the exception of product categories such as pesticides, food, drugs and munitions). However, primary products of concern would again be those that have a strong possibility of coming into contact with especially sensitive populations. As with the chemicals of concern, stakeholders would be overwhelmed by too many products to assess at one time. As such, priority products would likely be designated for more immediate assessment.

ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT A process must be created for assessing the risks of priority chemicals in priority products. This process is expected to include in-depth lifecycle analysis, which would allow for a measurement of potential risk of chemicals against one another in a manner that would include efficacy, cost, environmental factors (a requirement in California under the California Environmental Quality Act) and all other concerns related to lifecycle studies. Alternatives assessment is seen by many as the most uncertain and potentially expensive part of the legislation. Many third-party organizations have a stake August 2011

in this issue and could provide value in performing these assessments for companies. In addition, software programs are available that can model product profiles and rankings. Both of these options, however, involve costs that place smaller businesses at a disadvantage. Alternatives assessment is also the area where discussions of confidential business information (CBI) abound. Right-to-know advocates, industry and the government all have varying perspectives on what can and should be kept as CBI throughout this process. Many have argued that without insuring CBI, the intent of promoting greener alternatives will not be realized because the competitive advantage will be squelched.

CURRENT STATUS In the fall of 2010, the DTSC’s Proposed Green Chemistry Rule was derailed by non-governmental organizations and members of the state legislature as being too lenient. The DTSC was strongly encouraged to rewrite the regulation. Key legislatures demanded that the Green Ribbon Science Panel (GRSP) have greater input into the rule. The GRSP is currently making its recommendations to DTSC staff, who will be rewriting the regulation this summer. Once a new draft is released for public comment, we will have a better idea of what the process will truly encompass. Many have called California a bellwether for environmental regulation. The Green Chemistry Regulations that will come forth as a result of AB 1879 will likely push that envelope again. Time will only tell how much the envelope will be forced outward. Michael Schmeida has served a s m a n a ge r o f S u s t a i n a b l e Programs for Tremco Commercial Sealants and Waterproofing in Beachwood, Ohio, since 2008. He has been a LEED AP for over seven years, and has been a featured speaker and author on several occasions, addressing local, regional, and national groups. He currently serves as a task chair within ASTM E 60 and co-chair of the Adhesive and Sealant Council’s Government Relations Committee. He has also taught at The University of Akron, his two-time alma mater, on sustainability and green marketing. He can be reached at (216) 292-5058 or [email protected].

August 2011

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CONSULTING BY “DR. DAVE” Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets

Dr. Dave Dunn writes the monthly “Questions and Answers” column in Adhesives & Sealants Industry magazine, and is a unique source of both technical and management consulting for the adhesives and sealants industry. Technical Consulting • Formulation advice • Sourcing information • New developments • Application development • Application troubleshooting • Problem solving Market Research • Opportunity analysis • Customer surveys • Mergers and acquisitions • New developments • Market analysis • Industry structure • Competitive intelligence • Key trends

Technology Focus • Anaerobics • Cyanoacrylates • Reactive acrylics • Epoxies • Hot melts • Gasketing Market Focus • Industrial • Automotive OEM • Automotive aftermarket • Medical • Construction Management Consulting Innovation can be planned and managed to meet the strategic goals of a company. We have concentrated on integrating the R&D functions of companies into their strategic plans and putting systems in place to continuously measure the effectiveness of investments in R&D.

About the principal… Dr. Dave Dunn is President of F.L.D. Enterprises, which is located near Akron, Ohio, USA. He is a former Vice President and Director of Loctite Corporation and has consulted for many adhesives and sealants manufacturers and users in both North America and Europe. He is the author of several books and many articles, including the recent book Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets, published by Rapra Technology Ltd. (www.polymer-books.com). F.L.D. Enterprises Inc. 242 Trails End Aurora OH 44202 Tel. 330-562-2930 FAX 330-247-1690 e-mail [email protected] web site www.fldenterprises.com

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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FOCUS ON

Ribbon cutting ceremony with (from left) Henry Chin, regional commercial manager, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand; Rick Strittmatter, global R&D director, Dow Microbial Control; Mark Henning, global general manager, Dow Microbial Control; and John Williamson, sales director, Thermosets South Asia.

DOW MICROBIAL CONTROL LAUNCHES AUSTRALIA FACILITY New Customer Application Center allows customers in Australia and New Zealand to gain access to state-of-the-art testing laboratories and innovative formulations. ow Microbial Control recently opened its new Customer Application Center (CAC) in Melbourne, allowing its customers in Australia and New Zealand to gain access to state-of-the-art testing laboratories and innovative formulations, in line with local regulatory requirements. Senior management from Dow Microbial Control, including Mark Henning, global general manager of Dow Microbial Control; Rick Strittmatter, global research and development director for Dow Microbial Control; John Williamson, sales director of Thermosets South Asia for Dow Chemical (Australia) Ltd.; and Henry Chin, regional commercial manager for Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand were joined by more than 60 customers from industries such as coatings and gas and oil.

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The Dow Microbial Control Academy also conducted its first training courses in Australia, focusing on the latest technologies and trends in microbial control. Following the launch event, guests were invited to tour the new facility in Altona, Melbourne, gaining insights into microbial solutions specific to the Asia-Pacific region. As a continually developing industry, the global biocides and specialty chemicals industries are growing at an average of 10-15%, with Australia and New Zealand experiencing year-on-year growth rates in these key areas of about 8%. In particular, shale gas is one new area of business that is expected to drive the market in the next five years, as Australia prepares to harness this untapped natural gas resource. “With new energy sources, an area that deals with complex microbial challenges,

becoming increasingly important in Australia, we feel this is a timely opportunity to launch the Customer Application Center in Melbourne,” said Henning. “The facility will be a valuable resource to various industries that require innovative and expert knowledge to help solve new challenges to microbial problems. Customers can work together with experts to address microbial control needs and develop unique product formulations that will help us meet local regulations and environmental standards and conditions. “Dow Microbial Control seeks to empower our customers to handle any microbial challenge by delivering on our commitment to provide customers access to global leadership and resources at the local level. Our facility in Altona, August 2011

Visitors tour the Dow Microbial Control Customer Application Center in Altona, Melbourne.

Melbourne, offers the latest science and technology, backed by a dedicated team of experts who are passionate and experienced to solve microbial challenges unique to Australia and New Zealand.” The new facility supports customers throughout Australia and New Zealand by offering on-site Dow Microbial Control application experts who have regional experience in developing antimicrobial solutions for products and systems. In addition, the academy headquartered in Singapore serves as a key resource for customers in the Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand region. The academy is designed to provide customers with access to educational opportunities, regulatory support, technical expertise, and R&D tools to attain the best solution to specific microbial control challenges August 2011

that can result in further efficiencies and cost savings. The new facility in Melbourne will reportedly aid in the company’s market expansion across Australia and New Zealand. With 12 CACs throughout the world, Dow Microbial Control has a global network of microbial control experts. The facility in Australia features state-of-the-art laboratories containing dedicated application and testing laboratories that are staffed with industry experts and equipment to explore new and innovative formulations.

and technically supported selection of registered actives and products. For more information, visit www. DowMicrobialControl.com.

ABOUT THE DOW CHEMICAL CO. Dow combines science and technology with the “Human Element” to innovate what is essential to human progress. The company connects chemistry and innovation with the principles of sustainability to help address many of the world’s most challenging problems, such as the need for clean water, renewable energy generation and conservation, and increasing agricultural productivity. Dow’s portfolio of specialty chemical, advanced materials, agrosciences and plastics businesses delivers a range of technology-based products and solutions to customers

ABOUT DOW MICROBIAL CONTROL

in approximately 160 countries and in high-growth

Dow Microbial Control innovates with science and

sectors such as electronics, water, energy, coatings, and

technology to provide long-term viable and sustainable

agriculture. In 2010, Dow had annual sales of $53.7 billion

microbial control. The company global offers solutions

and employed approximately 50,000 people worldwide. For

to optimize formulations, including a high-performing

more information, visit www.dow.com.

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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FOCUS ON

WISDOM ADHESIVES COMPLETES CORPORATE CAMPUS EXPANSION Newly acquired building houses new Research and Development Center on the company’s Elgin, IL, campus. By Teresa McPherson, Managing Editor

isdom Adhesives, a midsized manufacturer of highperformance, environmentally safe industrial adhesives, recently completed an expansion that allowed the creation of a new center to house its Research and Development department. The new Wisdom Adhesives Research and Development Center is an extension of the company’s main campus in Elgin, IL, according to Tom Rolando, chief technical officer. The new building is approximately 60,000 sq ft and adds about 3,000 sq ft of lab space to the campus.

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Along with its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility, this location is where Wisdom’s team of adhesives scientists will continue to work on the company’s adhesive product lines. “The state-of-the-art laboratory will be used to further enhance Wisdom Adhesives’ position as the leader in green technologies for adhesives and to further refine the GreenBond scorecard,” Rolando said. The expansion is being used to produce GreenBond sustainable adhesives, GreenMelt and MileageMelt, which are products that are part of the company’s green and sustainable adhesive product lines.

In addition to the product lines, Wisdom also follows green practices on its campus. “Wisdom has initiated an 80% reduction in its carbon footprint for lighting, switching to mainly LED technology for all buildings campuswide,” Rolando said. Wisdom Adhesives manufactures w a t e r- b a s e d , d e x t r i n a n d p r o t e i n adhesives, including hot-melt capabilities that produce hot-chip and other specialty products. In addition, the company offers a range of tolling, packaging and private labeling capabilities. “We are excited about this latest expansion involving our growing Research and Development department, w h i c h i s o n e m o r e w a y Wi s d o m Adhesives looks forward to better serving our customers and meeting their everchanging needs for highly efficient and environmentally sustainable adhesives,” said Jeff Wisdom, CEO and fifthgeneration owner of Wisdom Adhesives.

ABOUT WISDOM ADHESIVES Founded in 1875, Wisdom Adhesives is fifth-generation o w n e d a n d m a n a ge d . T h e c o m p a n y s u p p l i e s environmentally safe and compliant water-based and hot-melt adhesives to industrial users throughout the world. Wisdom supplies adhesives to a range of industries, including book binding, converting, tissue and towel, graphic arts, packaging, product assembly, textiles, and general purpose. For more information, call (847) 841-7002 or visit www.wisdomadhesives.com.

August 2011

PRODUCT DECORATION

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CASE STUDY

IMPROVING YIELD Statistical analysis software has helped one manufacturer solve yield and throughput challenges.

T

Figure 1. Interaction between Mixing Time and Mixing Speed

C: Mixing Speed

Initial Set Time Design Points C- 500 C+ 1200 X1 = A: Mixing Time X2 = C: Mixing Speed

Initial Set Time

he Willamette Valley Co. (WVCO) produces polyurethane systems used in many industrial applications. In the past, the company had difficulty maintaining consistent production yields. In an attempt to identify the source of the problem, one of WVCO’s chemists set up a designed experiment to evaluate the effects of mixing time, mixing speed and moisture on the variability of the finished product. The results revealed that excessive moisture was the root cause of the yield problems. They also demonstrated that the moisture could be controlled without any adverse effects by reducing both mixing time and mixing speed. When this change was implemented at the production plant, first-pass yield increased by 65%. In addition, throughput in the plant increased 20% and energy costs per unit of output were reduced by a similar amount.

High

Mix

Spe

ed

Actual Factor B: Moisture = 600 Low Mix Speed

BACKGROUND According to WVCO, the company differentiates itself from its competition by being a formulator, manufacturer and application specialist. Providing true “value-added” solutions is the culture at WVCO. The company puts each batch of its polyurethane technology through a demanding battery of tests before shipping it to customers. In the past, WVCO was not satisfied with its production yield. Some batches had to be corrected due to variability in the set time (the amount of time required for the product to solidify after the components are mixed). Another issue was that foaming was seen in some batches, which required the batch to be reworked because of undesirable effects on product performance and appearance.

INVESTIGATING THE PROBLEM WVCO’s manufacturing plants are sometimes challenged with extremes in both temperature and humidity. In the past, plant management had experimented with changing process variables and had also attempted to determine the effect of ambient conditions on responses such as product yield. They had typically varied one factor at a time (OFAT), such as mixing speed, for a series of batches. The problem with this approach is that it is not able to detect interactions between variables that often have a major impact on the key responses. OFAT experimenters often optimize a particular factor only to discover later that, after changing other factors, the value that used to be optimal for the first factor no longer provides good results. The WVCO chemist set out to increase the manufacturing yield by designing an experiment that would simultaneously measure the impact of key factors on the critical responses. He hoped to identify not only first order effects, but also second order and multiple factor effects. The chemist suspected that the ambient conditions at the production plant created a major impact on 18

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A: Mixing Time

yield by increasing moisture. The experiments were run at the company’s research facility in Oregon, where it was not possible to vary humidity levels during the experiments. In order to overcome the problem and simulate a variety of environmental conditions, the chemist spiked the resin with moisture based on measurements made at the production plant. The chemist designed a two-level factorial experiment using Design-Expert ® statistical analysis software from StatEase, Inc. “We selected Design-Expert because it excels at solving real-world industrial problems,” said Phil Cote, Ph.D., WVCO’s director of Research and Development. “DesignExpert has a very intuitive user interface that is geared for engineers, as opposed to statisticians. It provides virtually every experimental design or statistical tool that it would ever make sense to use in an industrial environment. It also saves large amounts of time by automating most of the experimental design and results analysis process.” Table 1 lists the factors that the chemist considered. The software generated an experimental design consisting of 20 runs that targeted the end and center points of each variable. A MorehouseCowles laboratory mixer equipped with a disk dispenser was used to prepare the resin samples. A Brookfield DV-II viscometer equipped with a number-5 spindle was used to measure the viscosity of each resin. The set time was checked by hand-mixing at a 2:1 ratio using standard laboratory techniques. It was measured as soon as the mixing was completed and again five days after the process was finished in order to evaluate drift during storage (see Table 2). August 2011

EVALUATING THE RESULTS The chemist entered the results of the experiments back into Design-Expert, and the software provided a variety of statistical analyses. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shown in Table 3 demonstrate that the set time and foam were significantly affected by the experimental factors. It is interesting to note that the significance of these factors increased after the fiveday period. This indicates that adventitious moisture is an insidious problem that does not immediately show its full impact.

Table 1. Experimental Factors Factor Name

Units

A mixing time

minutes

numeric

15

30

B moisture

moisture

numeric

0

1,200

rpm

numeric

500

1,200

C mixing speed

Evaluation of the test factors revealed substantial interactions between the factors. For example, Figure 1 shows the interaction between mixing time and speed. At a low mixing speed, mixing time has little effect on initial set time. However, at a high mixing speed, time has a major effect on initial set time. Strong interactions between the mixing speed and mixing time factors were also seen in their effect on foam formation. After studying the statistical results, the chemist concluded that moisture was the immediate cause of reduced yield. The experimental results also revealed that the effects of moisture could be minimized by reducing the mixing speed and mixing time. The probable cause is that the speeds used

Low Actual

High Actual

Table 2. Responses Measured in the Experiment Response Name

Units

1 initial set time

seconds

23.4

57.4

2 initial viscosity, 10 rpm

cP

3,060

3,480

3 initial viscosity, 50 rpm

cP

2,012

2,280

score

0

3

seconds

18.7

55.1

score

0

3

4 initial foam

The results revealed that the effects of moisture could be minimized by reducing the mixing speed and mixing time.

Type

5 set time, 5 days 6 5-day foam

Minimum

Maximum

Table 3. Analysis of Variance Results Response

F-Value

Prob > F

Result

Initial set time

5.12

0.0141

significant

Initial viscosity, 10 rpm

0.56

0.5844

not significant

Initial viscosity, 50 rpm

0.84

0.3761

not significant

Initial foam

3.85

0.0341

significant

5-day set time

8.76

0.0020

significant

5-day foam

4.39

0.0231

significant

in the past generated turbulence that increased the uptake of moisture in the batch. The experiment showed that the resin could be thoroughly mixed at a lower speed in less time while avoiding the buildup of moisture that had previously hurt yields. The experimental results provided proof that yields and throughput could be increased by changing processing conditions. When the new optimized mixing times and speeds were implemented at the production plant, the yields

immediately increased by a factor of nearly three, while throughput in the facility increased by 20%.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: • Stat-Ease, Inc. at 2021 E. Hennepin Ave., Ste. 480, Minneapolis, MN 55413-2726; phone (612) 3789449; fax (612) 746-2069; email info@statease. com; or visit www.statease.com. • Wi l l a m e t t e Va l l e y C o . R a i l ro a d D i v i s i o n a t 5 8 5 M c K i n l e y St . , E u ge n e , O R 9 7 4 0 2 ; p h o n e (541) 484-9621; email [email protected]; or visit www.wilvaco.com.

SUCCESS STORY? Does your company have a success story to share? If so, please contact Susan Sutton, Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media, at (330) 336-4098 or [email protected] with the details! August 2011

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NEW TIN- AND MERCURY-FREE ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS FOR CASE URETHANE APPLICATIONS New catalysts offer performance characteristics in multiple applications. By John Florio, Technical Manager, Coatings Additives; Ravi Ravichandran, Ph.D., Vice President, R&D; Bing Hsieh, R&D Chemist; and Robert Coughlin, Technical Service Manager; King Industries Inc.

socyanates react with compounds that have active hydrogens. For example, in coating applications, isocyanates are typically reacted with polyols to form polyurethanes, or with primary and secondary amines to form polyureas. Catalysis of the polyol/isocyanate reaction, which is often required to develop sufficient cure response, can be achieved with a variety of compounds. The most common catalysts for the polyol/isocyanate reactons include metal salts, organometallic compounds and tertiary amines. Generally speaking, bases, acids and even water can, in some cases, accelerate isocyanate reactions. Catalyst selection can be a very complicated process, particularly for urethane coating formulations, which contain ingredients that can either accelerate or decelerate the reaction rate by interacting with catalysts or active resins. Among the most common catalyst deactivating components in typical polyurethane formulations are water (hydrolysis), pigment (absorption), solvents (solubility) and acid groups (formation of inactive salts). Of these components, water is a particular concern in polyurethane systems because it can deactivate catalysts by hydrolysis, and can react with free isocyanate to eventually form polyurea with a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) byproduct (gassing). Along with affecting the rate of reaction, different catalysts can provide reactions with distinctive profiles. Reaction profiles are particularly important when the product is cast into molds. Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is often used in coatings applications; mercury catalysts can also provide desirable characteristics in many non-coating casted mold applications. Both are becoming increasingly regulated.

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Since the early 1980s, when countries started placing restrictions on tributyltin and prohibiting the use of tributyltin in anti-fouling marine paint, the human health risks and the environmental issues associated with tin compounds have been increasingly scrutinized. Dibutyltin is the hydrolysis product of tributyltin antifouling compounds. Dibutyltin compounds can potentially contain trace levels of tributyltin. Organotin compounds are considered to be persistent organic pollutants and are regulated by the International Maritime Organization’s Antifouling System (IMO AFS) convention and the U.S. Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act (OAPCA). In addition, current REACH legislation restricts the use of organotin compounds in Europe; the European Commission Decision 2009/425/ EC claims organostannic compounds in consumer products pose a risk to human health. This will increase the scope of restrictions beyond maritime markets. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers mercury to be a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) pollutant. Mercury and other toxic heavy metals that are embedded in cured media, such as elastomers, sealants and coatings, can become health risks when they are extracted by acid rain and washed into groundwater. This article demonstrates the performance of a variety of coating and non-coating systems catalyzed with unique and versatile catalysts that do not contain any tin or mercury. These catalysts can meet the efficiency standards of DBTDL and mercury while avoiding the environmental issues associated with DBTDL and mercury.1 August 2011

Figure 1. Pigmented Two-Component Waterborne Urethane Film Hardness Development

Figure 3. 0.06% K-KAT XK-614 Paint Aged Four Hours Before Application vs. 0.04% DBTDL Paint Aged Two Hours Before Application

Figure 2. Pigmented Two-Component Waterborne Urethane Gloss Retention with Aged Paint

COATINGS When formulating coatings, an efficient and versatile catalyst is needed that is selective to the polyol/isocyanate reaction while avoiding many of the traps associated with complex formulations that contain potential deactivating components. Formulators would generally prefer to work with a “universal” catalyst (i.e., one that can work in all urethane systems). Although DBTDL is not a very selective catalyst, it is considered to be relatively versatile and efficient for many polyurethane coating applications. Environmental and performance issues, however, have driven formulators to search for tin alternatives, preferably alternatives that are as versatile and efficient as DBTDL. Presently no “universal” catalyst can satisfy all requirements in all coating formulations. August 2011

Catalyst Selectivity Catalysis of an isocyanate reaction to produce urethane is a selective process. Isocyanate groups (R-NCO) react with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols, phenols, amines, carboxyl groups and water. The reaction of the hydroxyl-containing polyol with isocyanate is the desired reaction leading to urethane linkage in a coating:

Therefore, a catalyst that would selectively enhance this reaction would be desirable. Catalysts that are less selective can accelerate side reactions with other active hydrogen-donating components. A particular concern is the reaction of

isocyanate with water. The eventual product of an isocyanate/water reaction is polyurea with an intermediate reaction, which produces a primary amine and releases CO2:

This side reaction can be detrimental to the quality of a formulated coating. Sufficient generation of CO 2 causes gassing, which reduces the time that the paint is usable and causes gloss reduction in applied films. In solventbased systems, water can be carried into a formula by pigments, resins, solvents and other additives, and can be present as atmospheric humidity. Naturally, catalyst selectivity in water-reducible systems is a major concern. Recent studies suggest that certain zirconium complexes are more selective catalysts than DBTDL. Based on this work, specific zirconium catalysts have been developed that can provide fast dry times by selective catalysis of twocomponent acrylic and polyester urethane coatings crosslinked with HDI trimers and biurets.2 In two-component waterborne systems, these zirconium catalysts must be incorporated on the isocyanate side, which is sometimes impossible. A more efficient and versatile alternative to tin-based catalysts has been developed that can overcome several of the issues associated with tin catalysts. The catalyst provides selective catalysis and is stable in the polyol component of two-component waterborne polyurethane systems. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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TIN- AND MERCURY-FREE ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS Figure 4. Gel Profiles of Weak Exothermic Elastomer Reactions

Table 1. Pigmented Two-Component Waterborne Urethane Formulation Component A

No Catalyst

K-KAT XK-614

DBTDL

Bayhydrol A1455

46.51

46.41

46.49

Surfynol 104 BC6

1.05

1.05

1.06

RM-87

0.14

0.13

0.14

CR-8228

28.13

28.05

28.11

Acrysol Tronox

K-KAT XK-614

0.0211

DBTDL

0.014

Butoxy (methoxy butyl acetate)

1.77

1.77

Component B Bayhydur 3049

14.22

14.19

14.22

Butoxy (methoxy butyl acetate)

3.55

1.77

1.77

DI water

6.40

6.60

6.43

100.00

100.00

100.00

NCO:OH

1.52

1.52

1.52

% resin solids

35.15

35.08

35.14

P/B

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.06

0.04

% metal on total resin solids

0.0075

0.0074

% catalyst on total paint

0.021

0.014

% catalyst on total resin solids

Selectivity Studies Many two-component waterborne urethane formulators are challenged to find a catalyst that is stable in the water-contain22

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ing polyol component and can selectively catalyze the polyol/isocyanate reaction in the presence of water. Waterborne twocomponent urethanes are typically formu-

lated to have a large excess of NCO; typically the NCO:OH ratio is about 1.5:1.0. This is to compensate for isocyanate that will inevitably react with water. Final film properties can be greatly affected by variations in the final poyurea/ polyurethane content. In the absence of gassing, polyurea can contribute some desirable film properties, such as hardness and chemical resistance. However, as more polyurea is generated in an aged catalyzed paint, the paint’s workable time is reduced because of excess gassing. Workable time, or pot life, is measured not only by viscosity increase (or foaming in the can), but also by gloss reduction of films cast with aged paint. As more water reacts with isocyanate in the can, the gloss of cast films reduces. This is likely due to incompatibility of the polyurea and polyurethane products causing some phase separation, as well as the increased presence of trapped CO2 in the film. Several methods can be used to quantify catalyst selectivity in a two-component waterborne urethane system. Catalyst selectivity can be indicated by in-can paint stability, properties of cured films (particularly gloss) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The formation and reduction of functional groups, such as urea and isocyanate groups, can be monitored with FTIR. An FTIR method was used to compare the selectivity characteristics of K-KAT® XK-6143 and DBTDL in a two-component waterborne urethane system.4 The FTIR results suggest that K-KAT XK-614, a newly developed zinc complex, is able to more discriminately accelerate the polyol/ isocyanate reaction in the presence of water. Paint stability and film properties were evaluated in the following study to confirm FTIR results. Catalysis of a Pigmented Two-Component Waterborne Urethane System DBTDL and K-KAT XK-614 were compared in a pigmented two-component waterborne urethane system. The levels of DBTDL and K-KAT XK-614 (0.04% and 0.06%, respectively, based on total resin solids) contributed equal metal content. Both catalysts have sufficient hydrolytic stability to allow incorporation on the aqueous polyol side. The catalysts were blended with a co-solvent and added to the polyol component under agitation. Co-solvent was used to decrease the risk of weighing errors and to facilitate incorporaAugust 2011

Figure 5. Gel Profiles of Weak Exothermic Adhesive Reactions

tion. K-KAT XK-614 is not water soluble and high levels without a co-solvent could destabilize the aqueous dispersion (see Table 1). Films were cured under ambient and elevated temperature conditions. The baked films were cured at 80°C for 30 minutes. Dry times of ambient cured films were tested with circular recorders. Hardness development was monitored for a week with a Konig pendulum hardness tester. Final film property testing also included methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) resistance and gloss analysis. Selectivity

August 2011

of DBTDL and K-KAT XK-614 was compared by measuring the gloss of films that were cast with aged paint. Hardness development of the ambientcured films demonstrates the activity of K-KAT XK-614. The XK-614 film developed higher initial hardness after one day of ambient cure and continued to maintain a higher hardness through the test period. MEK resistance of films cast with both of the catalyzed systems reached 100+ double rubs. The uncatalyzed films had a heavy mar at 100 double MEK rubs (see Table 2, p. 24; and Figure 1, p. 21).

Ambient Cure The selectivity of DBTDL and K-KAT XK-614 was compared by measuring the gloss of films that were cast with aged paint. Films were cast immediately after mixing the two components and on onehour intervals after mixing. The films were baked for 30 minutes at 80°C to step up the testing process. The K-KAT XK-614-catalyzed paint was more stable than the DBTDLcatalyzed paint. The gloss of DBTDLcatalyzed films was significantly reduced even after the first hour of aging. The gloss of films made with the K-KAT XK-614 paint started to decrease slightly after the paint was aged for five hours (see Table 3, p. 24; and Figures 2-3, p. 21). Figure 3 compares a K-KAT XK-614 film that was cast with paint aged for four hours to a DBTDL film that was cast with paint that was aged two hours. Hydrolytic Stability of K-KAT XK-614 in a Clear Two-Component Waterborne Urethane System The formulation used to determine hydrolytic stability of K-KAT XK-614 was a clear version of the pigmented for-

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TIN- AND MERCURY-FREE ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS Table 2. Pendulum Hardness, Cycles (Ambient Cure) Days

No Catalyst

0.06% K-KAT XK-614

0.04% DBTDL

1

33

46

44

3

63

81

68

7

70

89

76

NON-COATINGS APPLICATIONS

Table 3. 60° Gloss, % (aged paint) Paint Age (Hours)

No Catalyst

0.06% K-KAT XK-614

0.04% DBTDL

0

83.9

83.3

81.7

1

83.3

83.0

65.1

2

82.9

83.0

30.6

3

82.0

81.6

20.9

4

82.2

80.2

20.3

5

81.1

77.0

18.1

Table 4. Hydrolytic Stability: Hardness Development After Initial Bake Catalyst K-KAT XK-614 K-KAT XK-614 aged*

Initial

1 Day

Pendulum Hardness 3 Days

7 Days

51

107

107

109

91

105

105

109

*K-KAT XK-614 aged five weeks at 50°C in the water containing polyol component.

Figure 6. Gel Profiles of Strong Exothermic Elastomer Reactions

mulation. The XK-614 was stored in the aqueous polyol component at 50°C for five weeks. The aged polyol containing the catalyst was then blended with the isocyanate and films were cast. Pendulum hardness was measured after baking at 800°C for 30 minutes and monitored while air drying for one, three, and seven days. The hydrolytic stability of K-KAT XK-614 was excellent on heat aging in the water-containing 24

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of the polyol component before water is added. When adding to an aqueous polyol component, XK-614 should be pre-blended with a co-solvent and added with agitation. The catalyst is soluble in a variety of ester, ketone, alcohol, glycol, glycol ether, and aromatic and aliphatic solvents.

polyol component since it remained effective for hardness development, and no detrimental effect on gloss was noted (see Table 4). K - K AT X K - 6 1 4 c a n e f f e c t i v e l y accelerate the polyol/isocyanate reaction in waterborne formulations, although the catalyst is not water soluble. Therefore, XK-614 must be properly incorporated. If possible, the catalyst should be added to a hydrophobic phase

In the area of elastomer, adhesive, and other non-coating urethane applications, catalyst requirements can vary depending on cure conditions and formulation components. Urethane elastomer applications can range from soft microcellular foams to rigid structural composites. Issues related to catalyst selection for these systems include selectivity (e.g., gassing), latency and activity stability. Achieving the full cure profile of mercury is a challenge. In the field of urethane elastomers and adhesives, organomercury compounds provide excellent “snap cure” and selectivity, but they are also very toxic. Organomercury compounds are known to provide a long induction period followed by a sharp gelation profile of two-component urethane systems.10 Many industrial adhesive, sealant and castable elastomer applications often require the “snap cure” reaction profile that mercury catalysts can provide. Government regulations restricting the use of organomercury compounds compel formulators to search for alternative catalysts that can mimic the performance of mercury catalysts. The following studies demonstrate performance characteristics of catalysts that can be considered alternatives to mercury. Gel Profile Test Methods The type of test method used to determine the gel profile mainly depends on the thermodynamics of the reaction. For the following studies, a rheometer and a viscometer were used to evaluate soft elastomer and adhesive systems that did not generate strong exotherms even when mixed in a large mass. A temperature recorder was used to analyze a more exothermic system. Systems that produce hard, non-flexible product are more likely to generate strong exotherm during the curing process, while systems that have more elastomeric properties generate less exotherm. August 2011

Gel Profile Studies of Weak Exothermic Reactions Analyses of systems that did not generate strong exotherms were conducted with rheometers or a viscometer. The rheometers used in these studies were TA Instruments’ AR-1000 and AR-2000, which are capable of providing quantitative gel times under essentially static conditions using an oscillation method. Performing gel tests under static conditions eliminates potential variations caused by over-shearing the material. The oscillation method generates modulus data. G’ measures the elastic, or solid, tendency and G” measures the viscous, or liquid, tendency. Gel times are quantitatively measured at the crossover point of G’ and G”, beyond which the sample is considered “primarily solid.” For clarity, Figures 4, 5 and 6 only include the G’ plots, which indicate structure development. Urethane Elastomer The polyol selected for this study was Poly-G 76-120,11 a polypropylene oxide triol with a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 480. The isocyanate selected was

August 2011

Desmodur E743,12 a polyisocyanate prepolymer based on MDI with an NCO equivalent weight of 525. The newly developed mercury-alternative catalysts, K-KAT XK-604, K-KAT XK-617 and K-KAT XK-618, contain several metal carboxylates. Gel profiles of systems catalyzed with these metal carboxylate “cocktails” are comparable to gel profiles of mercury-catalyzed systems. An organomercury catalyst13 was used as the primary control in this study. It is 20% diphenyl mercury acetate in a nonreactive diluent. A 35-40 minute gel time target range was established with 0.1% Hg metal, or 0.5% catalyst as supplied. In addition, a bismuth carboxylate catalyst and a bismuth/zinc combination were included as controls. The bismuth catalyst was included to represent a poor gel profile, and the bismuth/zinc catalyst represents a commercial mercury alternative. As previously demonstrated,14 zinc and bismuth can work synergistically to provide improved gel profiles. Figure 4 (p. 22) compares the gel profiles of the system catalyzed with above-mentioned catalysts and with 0.12% K-KAT XK-618 as supplied.

In general, the straight bismuth carboxylate compounds appeared to be more active during the initial phase of the overall polyol/polyisocyanate reaction. Bismuth catalysts also tend to lose activity during the curing process, which often leads to poor through-cure. This deactivation is likely due to hydrolysis of the bismuth catalyst. The bismuth/ zinc catalyzed system had a delayed onset point; however, the reaction rate beyond the gel point was still lacking. In addition to a delayed onset point, the optimum gel profile has a progressively increasing rate of structure development beyond the gel point. As demonstrated with the mercury and K-KAT XK-618-catalyzed systems, such a profile leads to better through-cure. Urethane Adhesive As with urethane elastomers, the relationship between cure response and pot life of a two-component urethane adhesive is dependent on the catalyst. The resin system used for the urethane adhesive study was based on a polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG)-MDI prepolymer and a polyether diol.

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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TIN- AND MERCURY-FREE ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS Catalyzed reaction rates were determined by initially preparing 100-g samples in 250-mL beakers. A 20-mil film was cast onto aluminum panels and baked for five minutes at 110°C. Cure response, or tack, was determined by touching the film with a glass rod. The films were considered tack-free when the glass rod left no mark. Viscosity increase was monitored with a Brookfield DV-II+ Pro viscometer using 150-g samples. Viscosity was recorded at oneminute intervals. Figure 5 (p. 23) compares the viscosity profile of the system catalyzed with a bismuth carboxylate and with K-KAT XK-618. Catalyst levels were optimized to obtain a tackfree film and maximum pot life. The system catalyzed with K-KAT XK-618 provided equal cure and longer pot life than the bismuth carboxylate-catalyzed system.

The increasing temperature of a strong exothermic reaction can activate, or increase the activation, of catalysts that are fully or partially inhibited. In this case, heat-activated catalysts can potentially enhance the system’s snap cure response. To demonstrate heat activation of a catalyst using this process, a study was conducted using a low-molecular-weight polymeric MDI with a polyether triol that was capable of reaching reaction temperatures above 140°C. The two reaction temperature profiles in Figure 6 (p. 24) compare the system catalyzed with a straight bismuth carboxylate catalyst and K-KAT XK-614. The reaction profiles suggest that the XK-614 becomes increasingly active as the temperature approaches 80°C, providing more snap cure.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Gel Profile Studies of Strong Exothermic Reactions Analysis of the temperature increase during the reaction of strong exothermic systems provides valuable profile information. In this case, relatively large samples were used to allow for the thermodynamics to take effect. The amount of formulation used for each catalyst evaluation was 250 g. The materials were mixed before pouring 100 g into two 100-ml plastic beakers. A thermocouple probe was immediately placed into one of the beakers. The probe was fixed to a stand to maintain a constant depth in each sample (approximately 1.3 cm from the top). The thermocouple was connected to a temperature recorder that was interfaced with a computer. Approximate gel times were based on physically probing the material in the beaker without the temperature probe. This method generated temperature curves that seem to closely correlate with the gel profiles.

A series of newly developed catalysts are being used in a variety of CASE applications. These catalysts are capable of providing similar or exceptional performance when compared to tin and mercury catalysts, but without the associated environmental concerns. In particular, K-KAT XK-614 is a versatile catalyst that is effective in waterborne coatings and elastomer systems. It has good hydrolytic stability and more tendency to accelerate the polyol/isocyanate reaction in the presence of water, resulting in less gassing. In non-coating urethane applications, the mixed metal “cocktail” K-KAT catalysts have demonstrated similar reaction profiles compared to mercury, and exceptional reaction profiles compared to bismuth and bismuth/zinc combinations. For more information, contact King Industries Inc. at Science Rd., Box 588, Norwalk, CT 06852; phone (203) 866-5551; fax (203) 866-1268; email [email protected]; or visit www.kingindustries.com.

Series 540 Sealant Tester Computer Controlled Test Frame

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Marvin Blair for evaluations of the new catalysts in various coating systems, and King Industries for permission to publish this work.

• Designed to perform reliable cyclic testing of sealants, adhesives, and coating to various specifications. • Ask about the optional heat/cool chamber with control system! • PC with Windows ™ based software.

Editor’s note: This article is based on a paper given at the Center for Polyurethanes Industry’s (CPI) Polyurethanes 2010 Technical Conference, September 2010.

REFERENCES 1. Florio, J.J., Miller, D.J., Handbook of Coatings Additives Second Edition, Marcel Dekker/CRC Press, New York, 2004. 2. Florio, J.J., “Non-Tin Metal Catalysts for Urethane Coatings,” Paint & Coatings Industry, 1997, 13 (10) 110. 3. K-KAT catalysts are products of King Industries, Inc. 4. Ravichandran, R., Hsieh, B., Florio, J.J., Coughlin, R.D., “New Tin Free Organometallic Catalysts for Urethanes,” 2010 ACS, Charlotte, NC. 5. Bayer MaterialScience, Bayhydrol A145: Aqueous hydroxyl-functional polyacrylic dispersion, solids % = 45, OH eq. wt. ~ 1,145 as supplied. 6. Air Products, Surfynol 104 BC: Surfactant, 50% in Butyl Cellosolve.

screen shot of software

7. Rohm & Haas, Acrysol RM-8: Rheology modifier. 8. Tronox Incorporated, TiO2 pigment.

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9. Bayer Material Science, Bayhydur 304: Hydrophilically modified, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI, solids % = 100, NCO eq. wt. ~ 230. 10. Robins, J., Appl. Polym. Sci., 9 (1965), 821. 11. Arch Chemical, Poly-G 76-120: polypropylene oxide triol, hydroxyl equivalent weight = 480. 12. Bayer MaterialScience, Desmodur E743: polyisocyanate prepolymer based on MDI, NCO equivalent weight = 525. 13. CasChem, Cocure 44 and Cocure 55.

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14. Arenivar, J.D., “Viscosity Control of Curing Elastomers Using BiCAT ® Catalysts,” Polyurethane, 1995, September 26-29, 1995, pp. 131-136.

August 2011

A new model integrates standardization requirements and other management systems. any companies have adopted internationally recognized management systems for quality performance. More recently, they are doing the same for environmental and health and safety performance as well. While the intention is to ensure robust and auditable systems, most companies end up with two, three or even more separate systems to address multiple functionalities. These separate systems can compete for resources and time demands, especially in smaller organizations. To help overcome these challenges, Gabriel Performance Products and the Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates (SOCMA) recently announced the ChemStewards® Integrated Management System (IMS), a Microsoft Accessbased tool that combines these systems into a single comprehensive management system. Gabriel has been a member of the Washington, D.C.-based trade group since 2001. “Combining management systems in our facility has helped us leverage all the similarities in the various standards,” said Tyce Workman, EHS manager at Gabriel. “We now have one system to track corrective and preventive actions that can be managed by one person or one department, whether the action is quality, safety, or even general production issues.”

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SYSTEM FOUNDATIONS The foundation for the Integrated Management System is ChemStewards, SOCMA’s environmental, health, safety and security program. ChemStewards promotes the improveAugust 2011

ment of employee safety, employee and community health, the reduction of a facility’s environmental footprint, and the continuous enhancement of a facility’s security. Gabriel took the ChemStewards system and overlaid the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) requirements for its 14001, 9001 and Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 system. The result is a single written manual that covers all requirements for the system. “The ChemStewards system provided us the framework from which to build,” said Workman. “This system is a Plan, Do, Check and Act management tool that maintains organizational accountability, adaptability, and applicability.” The basis of the IMS is a first-level set of policies that defines the scope of the system. The next tier of documents includes procedures detailing activities governed by the standards. The final tier includes forms, logs and records that contain data required by the standards. While this approach is not novel, all functionalities use the same group of policies, procedures and forms to make this approach more efficient. For instance, management of change is typically a safety functionality. With the Integrated Management System, management of change is used throughout the organization to document and communicate quality, environmental and process changes, as well as safety-specific changes. The same theory holds true with document control, audits, communication, training and all other cross-functionalities. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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27

INTEGRATING SYSTEMS DATA SUPPORT Supporting the IMS manual is a database that allows transparent communication and retrieval of data. Key parts of the database include incident investigation, new chemical approval, a calendar for regulatory and other requirements, management of changes, a projects tracker, supplier and vendor management, and an employee dashboard. The dashboard serves as a cen-

tral interface to allow employees access to other functionalities. From this, all employees and their supervisors can see specific assigned actions, investigations, approval requests, calendar items and change requests. This allows immediate accountability and action-item tracking by having one place to track what is due, when it’s due and what has been done. The database is also invaluable to management representatives of the

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systems. Data can easily be pulled for reporting and paretoing for statistical analysis. Incidents can be tracked by area, process and people; they can also be assigned costs and severity. This allows both quality and EHS staff to pinpoint problem areas and assign projects to alleviate them. The database also features a risk assessment tool that uses a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach to identify environmental, safety, quality, and product stewardship risks. After risks are scored, high-level aspects can be assigned projects to lower the overall risk. Another significant advantage, according to Gabriel, includes a reduction in audit times for both customers and outside agencies. Using a central database for procedures, compliance deadlines, action items, change management, and other functionalities allows for quick and timely access to data to present to auditors. It allows for easy retrieval of proof that the organization is following the standards, be they customer- or regulation-driven.

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Gabriel spent about six months and roughly $100,000 developing this tool to help companies better manage their systems. In January 2011, Gabriel presented the Integrated Management Database concept to SOCMA to share with all member facilities. “We are excited to be able to share what we have learned with SOCMA members,” said Ken Allen, Gabriel’s president. “We feel best practice is sharing benefits—not just within Gabriel but with the industry as a whole. We hope that this tool will continue to grow and improve with input from all ChemStewards members.” In May 2011, Gabriel presented the Integrated Management Database concept and demonstrated the database tool at the EHS&S and Sustainability National Conference, sponsored by ChemStewards, in Houston, TX. The ChemStewards team is in the process of making the tool available at no charge for all SOCMA members.

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August 2011

Industries that use formaldehyde should take prudent steps to protect themselves. By Stan Perry, Partner, Haynes and Boone, LLP ver the past dozen years, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been conducting extensive studies on the toxicity of formaldehyde, a chemical that has been used for decades in everything from adhesives and lifesaving medicines to construction, aerospace, and transportation. The American Chemistry Council (ACC) considers formaldehyde to be a “basic building-block chemical, essential to an estimated $145 billion of the U.S. gross national product.” Like many government-sponsored scientific research projects, the investigation into formaldehyde has had many twists and turns, as well as conflicting findings from studies by the EPA and National Academy of Sciences. In June of this year, however, the EPA issued its “trump card,” the definitive word on formaldehyde in the 12th Report on Carcinogens: formaldehyde and five other chemicals were added to the government’s list of carcinogens. News agencies from The New York Times to the Today Show featured the report as a top news item. One group that certainly didn’t miss the EPA’s announcement was toxic tort lawyers.

O

LEGAL CONCERNS For the adhesives and sealants industry, the EPA’s report could make formaldehyde the focal point of a wave of toxic tort cases based on occupational or consumer exposure to the chemical. Although the EPA report stated, “Many factors, including the amount and duration of exposures, and an individual’s susceptibility to a substance, affect whether a person will develop cancer,” August 2011

the conclusion is clear: Formaldehyde is a carcinogen. The EPA’s National Toxicology Program released in June noted that “cleaning agents, glues and adhesives may contain formaldehyde.” Toxic torts are lawsuits filed by persons claiming that exposures in occupational or household environments caused an illness. (The illness is usually, but not always, some type of cancer.) The most famous—or infamous, depending on one’s point of view— toxic tort lawsuits have involved exposures to asbestos, silica and benzene. Silica lawsuits have diminished due to great judicial scrutiny of the alleged illnesses involved in those lawsuits. The asbestos lawsuits have peaked, although the few cases being filed now are of a greater individual value than those filed by the mass of unimpaired plaintiffs a few years ago. The benzene lawsuits never reached the sheer numbers of asbestos and silica lawsuits and, of late, plaintiffs are losing the cases that are tried. However, plaintiffs’ attorneys have been closely following the developments and studies regarding formaldehyde, in part because the major manufacturers and users of formaldehyde are solvent—and numerous. In addition to adhesives, formaldehyde is a ubiquitous component in products such as cosmetics and hair care products. Many industries, such as compressed board and funeral homes, manufacture or use formaldehyde, and were highlighted by the EPA. From the plaintiffs’ lawyers’ perspective, a solvent defendant who sold or used a national product that has an alleged connection to a serious form of cancer is the best possible scenario. The EPA’s ruling strengthens their resolve. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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FORMALDEHYDE FOCUS ON FORMALDEHYDE Awareness and concern regarding formaldehyde has been growing over the past several years. First, the chemical’s potential harm expanded from a very rare nasal cancer to a much more common form of leukemia (acute myelogenous leukemia, or AML); the EPA determined that formaldehyde should be considered a cause of AML. Approximately 30,000 leukemia cases are diagnosed each year in the U.S., and approximately half are AML. AML is one of the most difficult forms of leukemia to treat, and a bone marrow transplant is the only known cure. The World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer’s confirmed the connection between formaldehyde and AML. The EPA’s listing of formaldehyde in its 12th Report on Carcinogens is likely the tipping point for the chemical and the development of new federal regulations regarding its use.

INDUSTRY EFFECTS Industries have consistently been ahead of the curve in terms of formaldehyde awareness and potential problems. Organizations such as the ACC and the Formaldehyde Council stay informed regarding the latest studies on the chemical and findings, make recommendations, and publish best management practices to protect their members and users of the chemical. The EPA’s report, which indicated that formaldehyde can cause “myeloid leukemia, and rare cancers including sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancer,” should elevate the awareness of industries that use the chemical. It is better to think about the risks and initiate planning than to try to deny the potential

problems. The adhesives and sealants industry can take the following steps now to prepare for potential formaldehyde litigation: • Keep informed regarding industry practices and recommendations regarding the safe handling and use of formaldehyde. • Keep your employees informed as you become informed. Don’t let their knowledge be limited to the popular press or what their friends or relatives tell them. Nothing defeats rumors like facts and science. • Maintain your documents and records, including electronic information, in an accessible and producible manner. • Evaluate your litigation risks. Do you have insurance coverage? Are you owed indemnity by someone else (e.g., the seller of the product at issue)? • Plan ahead for your first (or next) lawsuit. What legal counsel will you retain? Who should be your company witnesses? • Continue to follow the EPA’s actions on its report, as well as discussions from the ACC and Formaldehyde Council.

BE PREPARED Industries that use formaldehyde and may find themselves in a future fight should take prudent steps now to protect themselves. In toxic tort lawsuits, coordinating the discovery process, leveraging efficiencies and establishing a base level of facts is critical to coordinating the industry’s response. For additional information, contact the author via phone at (713) 547-2039 or email stan. [email protected].

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ASI04114Gabriel.indd 1

August 2011

3/14/11 10:11 AM

A wide range of adhesive properties can be measured by applying tensile or compression forces in a controlled manner.

Figure 1. Single- and Twin-Column Materials Testing Machines

By Carl Bramley, Export Sales Manager, Lloyd Instruments Ltd. aterials testing machines provide a powerful way of evaluating adhesive performance. A wide range of adhesive properties can be measured accurately and reproducibly by applying tensile or compression forces in a controlled manner to the sample under test. The large number of different adhesive products, substrates, and applications— along with the adhesion behavior of products such as creams, gels, paints, and varnishes—all require different adhesive tests. It is therefore not surprising that some 90 international standards (e.g., ASTM, ISO, FINAT, etc.) are recognized for adhesives testing across the myriad industries in which adhesives are used. Careful attention to sample preparation is essential for making accurate measurements. Many standards specify precisely how the samples are to be prepared for testing to ensure that the adhesives under test are prepared exactly how they are used in their real applications. Areas covered can include the preparation of surfaces before adhesive application,

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August 2011

using the correct mixing conditions, using the correct application conditions (e.g., rate of spread and thickness of applied adhesive), assembly conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature and time), and curing conditions. Typical test measurements include: • 180°, 90° and T-peel tests • Lap shear tests for evaluating the shear strength of adhesives for bonding two surfaces together and welds such as metal and plastic • Coating cohesion (i.e., adhesion or bond strength of a coating to a substrate such as paint or varnish) • Tackiness • Stringiness • Creep • Cure behavior • Bond strength • Seal strength, peel strength and adhesion strength tests to determine adhesion strength of flexible plastic packaging Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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PRACTICAL ADHESION TESTING Figure 3. General Peel Test with Load Averaging between User-Defined Points

Figure 2. Test Jig Showing 90° Peel Test on a Pressure-Sensitive Barcode Label

MATERIALS TESTING MACHINES Universal materials testing machines are available in single- or twin-column versions and allow precisely controlled tensile or compression forces to be applied to the sample over a controlled period of time in order to determine its physical and mechanical properties (see Figure 1, p. 31). Precision loadcells measure the extension or compression of the material under test as a function of force or time. Materials testing machines are available in a wide range of sizes, enabling different force ranges to be applied. The maximum force applied by an individual instrument typically ranges from 225 lbf (1 kN) to 3,372 lbf (150 kN), so the most appropriate testing machine can be chosen for the required application. Universal testing machines can be adapted to make a wide range of measurements by using a variety of grips and fixtures that enable the samples to be held so that the forces can be applied in different ways. Any individual materials testing machine could make any of the measurements listed previously (within its specific force range limits) simply by using the appropriate grip or fixture. Most materials testing machines offer PC control, and sophisticated control and data analysis packages are available. Software control allows the user to program the machine to perform the test exactly as prescribed by the particular standard being used, which ensures repeatable testing. 32

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Software control offers additional potential benefits. Sample preparation instructions can be included, displayed on the test setup screen and the software configured so that the user has to acknowledge that the appropriate sample preparation has been done before the test can be initiated. In addition, post-test observations are often required once the test has been completed, and it may be that a failure description code and/or images taken of the samples after testing need to be appended to the test results. Software can build the appropriate codes into a dropdown menu. Built-in security and audit trails can ensure test data security and traceability.

PEEL STRENGTH TESTING Peel strength testing is particularly important for testing the permanence of adhesion or peelability of self-adhesive (pressure-sensitive) labels, whether it is important that a label can be easily removed (e.g., after purchase of a product) or not (e.g., to prevent labels from expensive products being switched to cheaper varieties or for security applications). FINAT test methods FTM 1 and FTM 2 are standards for 180° and 90° peel tests. Peel adhesion is defined as the force required to remove pressure-sensitive coated material that has been applied to a standard test plate under specified conditions from the plate at a specified angle and speed. Full details of the methods can be found in the eighth edition of the FINAT Technical Handbook.1 Tests are carried out at low force (typically less than 22.5 lbf, or 100 N) using a suitable materials tester

equipped with low-force vice grips capable of holding samples 25 mm wide. For the 180° peel test, it is recommended that a pneumatic grip be used with a sample alignment gauge positioned on the jaws of the grip for optimum reproducibility. The lower vice is mounted on the base of the materials tester and holds the substrate plate while the upper grip holds the sample label, with the two vices aligned so that the angle of peel is 180°. The jaw separation rate is set to 300 mm/min. Tests are carried out after the label has been applied to the plate for 20 minutes. A second set of tests is carried out on samples that have been prepared for 24 hours, which is the length of time considered to provide the ultimate adhesion. The 90° peel test differs from the 180° peel test in that it can allow the end user to compare how different laminates can be repositioned. Measuring peel adhesion at 90° normally gives a lower value than at 180° and is better-suited for more fragile materials that normally result in paper tear. For 90° testing, the upper vice grip is used as before, but the lower vice grip is replaced with a grip featuring a low-friction sliding table that maintains the 90° angle constant throughout the test (see Figure 2). For larger samples, such as laminated panels that are bonded together, the T-peel test is used, following standard ASTM D 1876-012. In this test, two laminate test panels (6 x 12 in.) are bonded together over approximately 9 in. of their length. The two unbonded sections are peeled back from each other to the point where the bond begins, resulting in a “T” shape. August 2011

Figure 4. Multiple Peaks Peel Test with Peak Definition

determining the strength properties of adhesives in cleavage peel by tension loading, which enable the comparative testing of cleavage/peel strengths of bonded engineering thermoplastic adherends. Example peel test results are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

BOND STRENGTH TESTING

Using similar grips to those used for the 180° peel test, one of the unbonded sections is mounted in the lower grip while the other is mounted in the upper grip. The load is applied at a constant speed of 10 in./min to peel the layers apart.

Other frequently used ASTM standards for peel testing include ASTM D 903-98(2010) for the determination of the comparative peel or stripping strength characteristics of adhesive bonds and ASTM D 3807-98(2004) for

Bond strength generally involves determining the stress required to rupture a bond formed by an adhesive between two metal blocks. Bond testing is a tensile test where the force is applied perpendicular to the bonded surfaces. ASTM D 897-012 describes a bond testing procedure. Bond testing can be carried out using a set of grips that feature a pair of bobbins. This fixture consists of two bobbin holders with a slot in the shoulder to allow the bobbins to be easily inserted. The adhesive to be tested is applied to the square surface of each bobbin. The bobbins, which can be made from a variety of metal materials, are held together until the adhesive is set; the assembly is then slid into the slots of each holder and the tensile test performed. As mentioned previously, it is critical for

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PRACTICAL ADHESION TESTING accurate results that the adhesive is mixed, applied and cured exactly according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The maximum load at the point the bond breaks is recorded. After the test is completed, a visual inspection is used to evaluate the percentage of cohesion, adhesion and contact failures on the separated surfaces. The force required for the test (and therefore the size of materials testing machine needed) is completely determined by the strength of the adhesive being tested. Bond strength testing is used in both product development and quality control applications.

LAP SHEAR TESTING Lap shear can be determined through either tensile or compression testing, which are used for identifying adhesive strengths, surface preparation parameters, and adhesive environmental durability. This type of test is employed to evaluate adhesives used in a wide range of industries, including plastics, glass, tape, metals, wood, etc., and standards are applicable to these different industries: • ASTM D 3166-992, Standard Test Method for Fatigue Properties of

Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading (Metal/Metal) • ASTM D1002-102, Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal) • ASTM D 31632, applies to plastics joints • ASTM D 58682, used for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) against itself or metal Lap shear testing is typically carried out by first bonding two plates of the required substrates together so there is an overlap between the plates (users should ensure that the manufacturer’s instructions for using and curing the adhesive are followed precisely). The bonded piece is mounted vertically in the upper and lower grips of the materials testing machine. Since the substrates are offset with respect to the line of the bonded joint, the grips must be capable of adjustment so that the force is applied along the line of the bond to ensure that it is a true shear force application.

products are checked rigorously for performance and safety before reaching the supply chain. Testing also helps manufacturers establish maximum return on investment by remaining efficient and cost effective. The challenge is to simulate the real- life behavior of adhesives within the confines of a laboratory or quality control area. Materials testing is a well-established testing technique for the adhesives industry. The universal nature of the machines, coupled with a wide selection of grips and fixtures, means that a number of bonded items—from rubber and plastics to composites and metals—can all be tested to internationally recognized standards using the same machine.

ENSURING QUALITY

Editor’s note: Copies of complete standards may be

Governed by international standards, quality testing programs ensure that new

purchased from ASTM International: phone (610) 832-

For additional information, contact Lloyd Instruments Ltd. at Steyning Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex, PO22 9ST, UK; phone (44) 1243-833370; fax (44) 1243-833401; email [email protected]; or visit www.lloydinstruments.com.

REFERENCE 1. www.finat.com/templates/mercury.asp?page_id=1553

9585, email [email protected] or visit www.astm.org.

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The role of specialty chemical distributors is expanding in the adhesives market. By Ronald Zmich, Vice President of Marketing, Palmer Holland, Inc. pecialty chemical distributors have long played an important part in the distribution industry, and they touch virtually every market segment. While historically serving as suppliers of products and resources for numerous applications, distributors have recently begun to take on the role of technical advisor or product consultant. A strong relationship with a trusted distributor gives a company a variety of products from which to choose for developing applications, technical expertise from the suppliers themselves, and product knowledge to support research and sales.

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MARKET SUPPORT To fully understand where distribution impacts the various industries, let’s take a look at the different market segments, the relevant chemistries woven throughout these segments, and how distribution makes the process easier. Automotive Both engineered plastics and resinous composites continue to displace various metals in automotive production to aid in weight reduction. Adhesives are increasingly used to replace August 2011

metal parts themselves, as well as traditional metal fasteners where the bonding of dissimilar substrates presents a challenge. Adhesives in the automotive industry play a role in everything from the structural bonding of the drive shaft/ chassis to the bonding of the dashboard and trim, and the potting and sealing of electronics. Distributors have long worked closely with the technical staffs of finished goods manufacturers that cater to the automakers—from Tier I down—to keep up with this innovation. Construction Similar to the automotive industry, weight reduction, sound/ vibration dampening, and the elimination of metal fasteners are the key performance drivers in formulations designed for chemical anchor, tile mortar and grout, and other general construction adhesive applications (e.g., fastening of sub-floor, foam board, paneling, deck components, etc.). Distributors keep up with industry trends and research the latest information on new products to help planners and builders make informed decisions about the materials they need to get the job done. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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DISTRIBUTION IN THE ADHESIVES MARKET Consumer As the DIY market continues to expand, so does the role of adhesives. Consumers look for the best products they can find for their home improvement projects and hobbies. In this segment, dominant buying motives include ease of use, product safety and cost. When working with the manufacturers of these specialized adhesives, distributors can help determine the products that will best meet market needs while providing the flexibility to seamlessly adapt to specific requirements. Structural Structural adhesives are defined as those used in the market segments of transportation, packaging, rigid bonding (e.g., furniture, appliances) and non-rigid binding (e.g., shoe soles, bookbinding). Such a widespread category calls for a vast range of product types and chemistries. Because so many adhesive manufacturers participate across more than one of these market segments, distributors must offer multiple product solutions to meet such varied applications.

ADHESIVE TYPES Adhesives fall within four types: thermoset, waterborne (dispersion), pressure sensitive (PSA) and hot melt (HMA, non-PSA). Like adhesive manufacturers themselves, these four types have applicability across one or more of the aforementioned markets. Consequently, the technical and purchasing staffs of many manufacturers enjoy the ability to work with a single distributor for all of their production needs (vs. multiple manufacturers of specialty chemical raw materials). For instance, thermoset adhesives— largely either epoxy or polyurethane— generally comprise a polymer, primary and secondary catalysts, and various additives. Many distributors that are active in both the automotive and construction adhesive markets understand these chemistries. Subsequently, they often promote and sell epoxy resin, aminebased curing agents, polyols, aromatic isocyanates, secondary catalysts, and a variety of additives (e.g., rheological modifiers, adhesion promoters, metal powders/oxides). Many adhesive manufacturers also find synergies across their end-use customer segments in producing both PSAs and HMAs. Although some of the chemistries overlap, such as tackifying hydrocarbon resins and antioxidants, the base resins 36

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can vary to include ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and straight acrylic. Distributors understand the nuances of these formulations and are able to promote products such as waxes, diluents, processing oils, and plasticizers alongside the base resins in an effort to round out the batch card across a wide range of chemistries. The variety that a distributor brings to the table is a valuable asset to both the distributor’s customer and the suppliers that are represented. By providing a large selection of product offerings, a distributor can ensure that a customer’s formulation can be tested and reviewed, and tested again until the best solution for the specific application is reached.

ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTION The advantages of distribution in the adhesives industry are many, especially for smaller manufacturers. Distribution allows both the supplier and the customer to maintain lower inventory levels, which reduces unnecessary warehouse space. Instead of approaching several raw material manufacturers for the items they need, customers can choose from a distributor’s breadth of products across a variety of suppliers. This system enables the customer to develop customized solutions for their applications. In addition to their own technical competence, distributors can help

facilitate technical support from the suppliers as needed to assist customers in selecting the right products. In today’s world, where freight rates remain volatile, adhesive manufacturers can keep costs down and more consistent by bundling orders of products from different suppliers together for shipment.

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE As the adhesives market continues to consolidate across all stages of the supply chain, most notably among the chemical raw material (i.e., suppliers) and finished adhesive manufacturers (i.e., customers), the role of distribution will continue to gain importance. Past drivers such as weight reduction will remain an important focus among adhesive manufacturers, while challenges such as new substrates and a consistent green chemistry movement will present opportunities for all manufacturers. Distribution will continue to serve as the vehicle to identify and understand future needs across a wide cut of adhesive manufacturers, and subsequently help raw material manufacturers develop, launch, promote, and sell new chemistries to best meet these needs. For additional information, contact Palmer Holland, Inc. at 24950 Country Club Blvd., Suite 400, North Olmsted, OH 44070; phone (440) 686-2300; fax (440) 686-2180; email [email protected]; or visit www. palmerholland.com.

August 2011

Sourcing raw materials can provide both challenges and opportunities. By David Carroll, Vice President, R.E. Carroll Inc.

aw material sourcing is a lot like the game of Monopoly®—when all goes well, you pass “Go,” collect $200 and move on. But when the process doesn’t go well, it can feel like landing on the “Go to Jail” square. Depending on the situation at hand, “rolling the dice” is a great metaphor for what it takes to get the material you need, when and where you need it. Raw material sourcing is a science in its own right. When we factor in today’s emphasis on “just-in-time” manufacturing; inventory reduction goals to save costs; and the myriad economic, transportation, and environmental issues that could be in play at any given moment, it’s easy to see just how challenging it is to have everything fall into place to ensure a smooth raw-material-to-finished-product process.

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RISKS AND CHALLENGES There was a time when everything we needed to sustain our lives and livelihood was available within a few miles. In today’s world of interconnected economies and global distribution, however, raw material sources can be next door or on the other side of the world. The ideal situation is to have the manufacturing site located next to the raw materials source and next to the customers, but how often does that really happen? Whether the application is for making masking tape or rubber bands, raw materials today can be affected by August 2011

everything from politics to the weather. Supply chains have lengthened in both distance and the time required to obtain the materials. These impacting factors can be driven by cost, availability or both. The longer the supply chain, the greater the chance that something may go wrong. It’s not difficult to find examples of this today. Process oils, polymers and titanium dioxide are three prime examples of raw materials whose sourcing is affected by external factors. Process oils are affected by location, supply, demand and the currency value. In turn, location can be affected by weather (e.g., Mississippi River flooding), and politics (e.g., Mideast unrest). Demand has remained strong while supply has remained short. Add in the lowered value of the U.S. dollar and some speculators for seasoning, and you have a recipe for the current high costs and limited supply of this key ingredient. Polymers are another example; most polymers are sourced from Southeast Asia, where supply has been extremely limited for several years. Again, demand is strong and sources are limited. Many of the factors affecting process oils apply here as well. Titanium dioxide supplies, which are widely used as a pigment and for “hiding” in a variety of industries, have become increasingly tight over the last year or so. Depending on the type and grade needed, a limited number of suppliers is available to choose from. Even if alternatives Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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RISKS & REWARDS are available, challenges such as language, currency, and lead times still exist. In addition, it’s important to ensure that the product is what the supplier says it is. Do you have the resources (both time and money) to verify, qualify and test it? With all of these risks and challenges in obtaining raw materials, what are the rewards and opportunities? Are they worth it? Who can help, and what can be done to make this process run smoother?

How can a manufacturer ensure they get the right material, at the right price, when they need it? Many can and do source their own materials, and have technical departments with the ability and resources to identify, qualify, and monitor their various raw materials and the products in which they are used. That said, no one person can know what materials are available from everywhere. Depending on the size of the manufacturer and their resources, they may not be willing or able to handle all of the sourcing themselves.

REWARDS AND OPPORTUNITIES The rewards involved with properly sourcing raw materials can be tangible (e.g., increased profit, happier customers) or intangible (e.g., a sense of accomplishment, the feeling of a job well done). Most businesses are focused on the tangible rewards of lowering their raw material costs to increase their profit. Local sources, while less expensive to transport, may in fact be more expensive to purchase due to other factors, such as labor costs. By obtaining raw materials from overseas, where labor costs are lower, the product cost is lower (theoretically); a manufacturer could thus obtain larger profits. Finding new or different sources of raw materials with different properties than the local supplies may provide opportunities for innovative products that can help separate your business from the competition. Opportunities can also come in the form of finding new uses or markets for your products based on a supplier’s knowledge of their product and where they sell. For example, if your materials are only sourced locally, the supplier may be unaware of an alternative use or market for their product that could be thousands of miles away.

THE ROLE OF DISTRIBUTION The simple economic law of distribution is to buy in bulk and sell in less than bulk quantities. Distributors service those manufacturers that either don’t have the need, space or desire to purchase large quantities of the material (or widget) in question. Raw material distributors, on the other hand, can and do far more than just buy and resell. They source raw materials for customers in order to serve a need in the market. Distributors deal with all of the same challenges and risks that the manufacturers do and often shield the manufacturers from feeling the effects of a product shortage, whether it is due to transportation challenges or a production issue. Distributors can also bring new materials and new uses for existing materials to the attention of a manufacturer to aid in the creation of new business or opportunities for their customers. They can also act as the “warehouse” for a customer that does not have space or does not wish to deal with the costs of having inventory onsite. Distributors add value to the supply chain by enabling small manufacturers to purchase the same material as larger manufacturers; they also provide manufacturers with a wider range of raw material sources to choose from. Distributors can provide material for developmental pre-production testing prior to full manufacturing scale-up, as well as benchmarking of materials vs. other offerings. All of these services have a cost that is added to the cost of the original materials. Cost and pricing are frequently a matter of discussion between distributors and manufacturers. What is the cost of sourcing the raw material, taking delivery of the raw material (along with all the necessary transportation hurdles), stocking the raw material and delivering it to the manufacturer? What is the value of having the material in stock and available when the manufacturer gets a last-minute rush order and needs the raw material yesterday? What is the value of having an uninterrupted supply of a key raw material when the suppliers’ direct customers are on allocation? These are all questions that must be answered by the manufacturer when considering the added costs of using distribution. Distributors can be an important ally and business partner in staying ahead of the competition and developing innovative, profitable products for the marketplace. Sourcing raw materials is a challenging process in today’s world, but having a key partner in that process can help manufacturers continue their success and provide new opportunities for growth. For additional information, contact R.E. Carroll, Inc. at 1570 North Olden Ave., Trenton, NJ 08638; phone (800) 257-9365; fax (609) 695-0102; email adhesivesinfo@ recarroll.com; or visit www.recarroll.com.

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2011-2012

Distributor Directory ARIZONA

Pacific Coast Chemicals Co., Branch Office

Pacific Coast Chemicals Co., Warehouse & Sales

5100 District Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90058 (323) 771-7700 Fax: (323) 771-0520 [email protected] www.pcchem.com Harry Sheth, Account Mgr.; Jim Thies, Account Mgr.; Frank Calderone, Account Mgr.; Roy Blackburn, Industry Segment Mgr. Distributes specialty chemicals and ingredients to the plastics, inks, adhesives and sealants, building material, paint and coatings, and many other industries throughout the western U.S.

4625 N. 45th Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85031 (800) 348-1579 Fax: (510) 549-0890 [email protected] www.pcchem.com Mary Keane, Account Mgr. Distributes specialty chemicals and ingredients to the plastics, inks, adhesives and sealants, building material, paint and coatings, and many other industries throughout the western U.S.

CALIFORNIA Dorsett & Jackson Inc. 3800 Noakes St. Los Angeles, CA 90023 (323) 268-1815 Fax: (323) 268-9082 [email protected] www.dorsettandjackson.com Specialty chemical distributor serving the 11 western U.S. states.

REPRESENTED: DSM Neo Resins Evonik (Formerly Degussa) Huntsman Advanced Materials Huntsman Polyurethanes Huntsman Tioxide Solvay Chemicals

Dowd and Guild Inc. 14 Crow Canyon Ct. #200 San Ramon, CA 94583-1667 (925) 820-7222 Fax: (925) 820-7225 [email protected] www.dowdandguild.com Tom Dowd, CEO; Howard Guild, Pres.; Tina Onderbeke, Exec. V.P. Chemical and container distributor servicing the needs of the chemical processing industry in the western U.S. Markets served include coatings, ink, adhesives, resins, building products, plastics and specialty chemicals.

REPRESENTED: BYK USA Inc. CVC Thermoset Specialties Cytec Industries Inc. EP Minerals LLC Heucotech Ltd. Mintech International Inc. Momentive Performance Materials Sachtleben Corporation Southern Clay Products Inc. Tronox LLC

Pacific Coast Chemicals Co., Headquarters 2424 4th St. Berkeley, CA 94710 (510) 549-3535 Fax: (510) 549-0890 [email protected] www.pcchem.com Dominic Stull, Pres.; Mike Ilmberger, Account Mgr. Distributes specialty chemicals and ingredients to the plastics, inks, adhesives and sealants, building material, paint and coatings, and many other industries throughout the western U.S.

COLORADO Pacific Coast Chemicals Co., Warehouse & Sales 5150 Colorado Blvd. Denver, CO 80216 (800) 348-1579 Fax: (510) 549-0890 [email protected] www.pcchem.com Mary Keane, Account Mgr. Distributes specialty chemicals and ingredients to the plastics, inks, adhesives and sealants, building material, paint and coatings, and many other industries throughout the western U.S.

FLORIDA Paul N. Gardner Co. Inc. 316 N.E. First St. Pompano Beach, FL 33060-6688 (954) 946-9454 Fax: (954) 946-9309 [email protected] www.gardco.com Paul Gardner, Jr.

REPRESENTED: Arch Biocides BASF - EFKA BASF Urethanes Celanese Clariant Additives SE Tylose

August 2011

McCullough & Associates P.O. Box 29803 Atlanta, GA 30359 (404) 325-1606 Fax: (404) 329-0208 [email protected] www.mccanda.com Earl T. Tveit, Exec. V.P.; George L. McCullough, Pres. Independent chemicals distributor selling in MD, DE, VA, NC, SC, TN, GA, AL, FL, MS, LA, TX, AR, OK.

REPRESENTED: Albemarle Arde Barinco Bay One Bayer MaterialScience Bendel Burgess C W Brabender Cabot/Blacks & FMOs BASF/COGNIS CR Minerals Eliokem EMI/Cleveland ICM ISP Lansco Lanxess M M Machine Micro Powders Myers Neville Plasticolors TBS/Transfer Bulk World Minerals

REPRESENTED: BASF Citgo Eastman ExxonMobil Huntsman Ineos Lyondell Basell Momentive Performance Materials Perstorp Polystar

The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

Fortune International Technology 5883 Chatham Dr. Hoffman Estates, IL 60192 (440) 376-1642 Fax: (847) 429-9785 [email protected] www.fortuneintltech.com Ron Oberstar, Pres. Chemical distribution company specializing in ASI process equipment such as particle size reduction mills, multishaft mixers for high viscosity products. Offers myriad color pigments and select raw materials.

REPRESENTED: Dynamic Polymers Hockmeyer Equipment Company JECO Pigment China CVC Thermoset Specialties Novant Chemical Saint Gobain Media State Mix

RS Industrial Inc, Industrial Adhesives 1060 Parkway Industrial Park Buford, GA 30518 (770) 844-1748 Fax: (770) 844-0576 [email protected] www.rsindustrial.com Steve Saville, Pres.; Kenneth Ledford, Techl. Mgr.; Mike Byrne, Sales Mgr.

TH Hilson Company

Brookfield Defelsko Semicro TQC

Adhesion Science Products Adhesive Systems Inc. GlueArts Henkel Adhesives TacAll Adhesives Squares

1761 S. Naperville Rd., Ste. 100 Wheaton, IL 60189 (630) 665-3085 Fax: (630) 665-0196 [email protected] www.thhilson.com Lori Hilson; Matt Krause Distributor of specialty chemical raw materials.

GEORGIA

ILLINOIS

REPRESENTED:

REPRESENTED:

REPRESENTED:

Brandt Technologies Inc.

P.T. Hutchins Company Ltd. 901 S. Stimson Ave. City of Industry, CA 91745 (626) 333-3329 Fax: (626) 333-7664 www.pthutchins.com Scott Shier, V.P.-Sales; Wade Hutchins, Strategic Sales Rep; Julie Biggerstaff, Sales Mgr.-SE Chemical distributor serving the adhesives and sealants, coatings, inks, plastics, and other industries. Offers state-of-the-art labs, technical services and support.

Robert Korman Chemical distributor of alcohols, amines, chlor-alkali, driers, epoxies, esters, fumed silica, glycol ethers, hydrocarbons, inorganics, isocyanates, ketones, nitrocellulose, pigments, plasticizers, polyglycols, silicones, surfactants.

Lintech International LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297 Fax: (478) 784-1745 [email protected] www.lintechinternational.com Dennis Gillespie; Randy Waldman; Tom Hinson

231 W. Grand Ave., Ste. 202 Bensenville, IL 60106 (630) 787-1800 Fax: (630) 787-1801 [email protected] Tom Brandt; Arthur Fox; Robert Costin

REPRESENTED: Dianal America Inc. Reichhold Inc. Styron LLC

Cabot Corporation Clariant Dover Chemical EPS K&S Industries King Industries Lansco Micro Powders Neville Chemical Soltex

MARYLAND

REPRESENTED: Aditya Birla Air Products Performance Materials Arizona Chemical Chitec Chemical Company CinBar Dow Microbial / ANGUS Imerys Performance Minerals Reichhold Rio Tinto / Luzenec

Emco Chemical Distributors 2100 Commonwealth Ave. North Chicago, IL 60064 (847) 689-2200 Fax: (847) 689-8470 [email protected] www.emcochem.com

Dunleary Inc. 600 Fairmount Ave., Ste. 307 Towson, MD 21286 (410) 828-7600 Fax: (410) 828-7674 [email protected] www.dunleary.com John Behan

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REPRESENTED:

REPRESENTED:

3V Chemical Corporation AkzoNobel Specialty Cellulosics AkzoNobel Elotex Division Buckman Laboratories BYK USA Hauthaway Polyurethane Dispersions J.M. Huber Corporation Kamin Performance Minerals Southern Clay Products Vertellus

Albemarle Corp. Arakawa Resins Arizona Chemical Buckman Laboratories Celanese Resin Emulsions Chartwell International Evonik - Addbond Adhesion Resins Evonik - Goldschmidt Evonik - Plastic Additives Evonik - Vestowax Huntsman Polyurethanes Reaxis Catalysts Repi-LLC Shepherd Chemical Soltex Inc. - Polybutenes UOP-LLC

MASSACHUSETTS The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

Monson Companies, A KODA Distribution Group 154 Pioneer Dr. Pioneer Industrial Park Leominster, MA 01453 (978) 534-1425 Main [email protected] www.monsonco.com Tom Vetterly, Mkt./Project Spec.; James Brown, Ind. Mgr.-Coatings/Inks/Adhesives

REPRESENTED: ANGUS Chemical Company Cabot Corporation Emerald Performance Materials Gabriel Performance Products Monson Private Label Additives

MISSOURI

Archway Sales Inc. 4155 Manchester Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 533-4662 Fax: (314) 533-3386 [email protected] www.archwaysales.com David Baumstark, V.P.-Sales; Jack Baumstark Jr., V.P.-Mktg.; Jack Baumstark Sr., Pres.; Ted Thurmond, V.P.-Oper.; Terry Derr, CFO Sells and distributes a comprehensive line of specialty chemical products that has consistently met customers’ needs. Strives to be the first name in the minds of customers and suppliers.

REPRESENTED: Albemarle Corporation BASF - Pigments, Polyurethanes, and Resins Grace Davison Great Lakes Solutions - Division of Chemtura Huntsman Advanced Materials & Performance Chemicals Micro Powders Inc. Momentive Performance Materials NYCO Minerals Silberline Tronox

NEW JERSEY

D.B. Becker Co. Inc. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 [email protected] www.dbbecker.com Daniel T. Canavan; David Thomas

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OREGON Pacific Coast Chemicals Co., Warehouse & Sales Chem-Materials Co. Inc. 16600 Sprague Rd. Cleveland, OH 44130-6318 (440) 243-5590 Fax: (440) 243-1940 [email protected] www.chem-materials.com Robert J. Morsek

REPRESENTED: Arakawa Tackifier Resins Arkema Molecular Sieves Expancel Spheres Ferro Silicone Dispersions hanse chemie silicones polymers Mace Polyurethane Dispersions Nano Resins Prom-Biocides Reaxis Tin Catalyst Tego Addbond & Variplus Resins

Fillers•Extenders•Oils•Lubricants

Dar-Tech Inc. R.E. Carroll Inc. 1570 N. Olden Ave. Trenton, NJ 08638 (800) 257-9365 Fax: (609) 695-0102 [email protected] www.recarroll.com Robert E. Carroll III, Pres.; David Carroll, V.P.Mktg.; Lewis Sawyers, Chemical Prod. Mgr.; Don Harris, Petroleum Prod. Mgr. Family owned distributor of raw materials, process oils, and waxes to the adhesives and sealants industry. Nationwide distribution from six strategically placed warehouses in NJ, GA, OH, TX, WI and CA.

REPRESENTED: Active Minerals LLC American eChem Calumet Lubricants Holly Refining & Marketing Kinsley Materials KLJ Group Ltd. Shijiazhuang Weiwei Chemicals Co. Ltd. Sonneborn Yil-Long Chemical Group Ltd.

16485 Rockside Rd. Cleveland, OH 44137 (800) 228-7347 Fax: (216) 663-8007 [email protected] www.dar-techinc.com Walt Walburn, Pres.; Brett Walburn, Sales Mgr.; Jim Benduhn, Sr. V.P.

2720 N.W. 35th Ave. Portland, OR 97210 (800) 348-1579 Fax: (510) 549-0890 [email protected] www.pcchem.com Bob Robyns, Account Mgr. Distributes specialty chemicals and ingredients to the plastics, inks, adhesives and sealants, building material, paint and coatings, and many other industries throughout the western U.S.

PENNSYLVANIA

Chemical Concepts Inc. 410 Pike Rd. Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006 (267) 684-1038 Fax: (215) 357-2754 [email protected] www.chemical-concepts.com Craig Zelle; Lydia Zelle, Mktg./Adv. Mgr.; Michael Smith; Marvin Morris Adhesive specialist with 50+ years of experience offers adhesives, silicones, sealants, coatings, dispensing equipment, cleaners, mold release products, engineering services, automation.

REPRESENTED:

REPRESENTED:

3V Inc. Burgess Pigment BYK-USA CVC Thermoset Specialties Epoxy Chemicals Hauthaway Omya PPG Silica Products Rio Tinto Minerals / Luzenac Talc Unimin

ASI Adhesives and Sealants Chem-set CounterBalance COX H2O Aqua Bonder Under Water Adhesive ITW/Devcon/Plexus Adhesives Lord Adhesives Newborn Orange Sol PACER Permabond Permatex QSI Quantum Silicones Shinetsu Silicones SIA ABRASIVES TECHON

The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

NEW YORK Maroon Inc. The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

OHIO BOEHM Inc., BOEHM Automation & Label 2050 Hardy Pkwy. Columbus, OH 43123 (800) 452-9010 Toll Free Fax: (614) 875-7055 [email protected] www.boehmautomation.com Michael Hutchison, Prod. Appl. Mgr.; Jerry Bensi, Gen. Mgr.-Automation Div. Custom label manufacturer: flexo and digital and screen printing. Supplier and integrator of industrial marking and coding equipment, packaging machinery, hot melt adhesive application equipment, and labeling equipment, as well as scanning/vision systems.

REPRESENTED: Valco Melton Adhesive Application Systems & Parts Wisdom Adhesives Hot Melt & Cold Glues

www.adhesivesmag.com/buyersguide

1390 Jaycox Rd. Avon, OH 44011 (440) 937-1000 Fax: (440) 937-1001 [email protected] www.marooninc.com Mark Reichard, CEO; Mark Maroon, CTO Specialty chemical distributor supplying raw materials to paint and coatings, plastics, sealants and adhesives, and graphic arts industries.

REPRESENTED: AGI Corporation ChemMet Maroon Chitec Technologies Evans Chemetics Everspring Evonik Nan Ya Corporation OCI Company Rianlon Chemical Sunshow Specialty Chemical

Palmer Holland Inc. 25000 Country Club Blvd., Ste. 444 North Olmsted, OH 44070 (800) 635-4822 Fax: (440) 686-2180 [email protected] www.palmerholland.com W. Bryn Irvine; Ron Zmich; Mark Riemann

E.W. Kaufmann Co. 140 Wharton Rd. Bristol, PA 19007 (800) 635-5358 Fax: (215) 364-4397 [email protected] www.ewkaufmann.com Brian O’Connor, Pres.; Stephen Schmidt, V.P.Mktg.; Thomas Rudeau, V.P.-Sales Specialty chemical distributor offering a wide product mix, including resins, pigments, fillers and additives, for the adhesive manufacturer. Experienced technical sales staff are available to offer the latest technologies from a broad supplier base.

REPRESENTED: Cognis - Now part of BASF Huntsman Tioxide Imi-Fabi Kumho P&B Chemicals Omya North America PolyAziridine LLC Reichhold Chemicals Tolsa Group Unimin Specialty Minerals Vertellus SEE OUR AD ON PAGE 25

August 2011

The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

Eric Kostyszyn; Joshua Hopson Supplier of specialty raw materials to a variety of manufacturing customers, including adhesives and sealants in the southwest region of the U.S.

Van Horn Metz & Co. Inc. 201 E. Elm St., P.O. Box 269 Conshohocken, PA 19428 (610) 828-4500 Fax: (610) 828-0936 [email protected] www.vanhornmetz.com Barrett C. Fisher III; H. Morgan Smith; B. W. Boorman

REPRESENTED: Air Products & Chemicals Ashland BASF Chemtura Cytec DuPont Evonik Lubrizol Luzenac, RTM Sensient Technologies Taminco

TEXAS CNX Distribution 1550 Norwood Dr. #408 Hurst, TX 76054 (866) 593-7112 Fax: (214) 432-0564 [email protected] www.cnxdistribution.com Jay McHugh Biocides, defoamers, flame retardants, fibers, fumed silica, polyols, precipitated silica, silanes, stearates.

REPRESENTED: Buckman Carpenter Company Goonvean Fibres Kemitura St. Louis Group

Ribelin Sales Inc. 3857 Miller Park Dr. Garland, TX 75042 (972) 272-1594 Customer Service Fax: (972) 276-0109 Local Fax [email protected] www.ribelin.com Jordan Muller, V.P.-Sales; Dan Weiss, V.P.-Mktg.

REPRESENTED: 3M Chemicals Ashland Performance Materials BASF Huntsman Kronos NYCO Southern Clay Specialty Minerals Unimin Zeeospheres

VIRGINIA Cox Sales Company 2035 Cook Dr. Salem, VA 24153 (540) 345-2636 Fax: (540) 342-8684 [email protected] Adhesive engineering firm specializing in chemical distribution. Features a full line of adhesives, coatings, sealants, encapsulates and dispensing products.

ONTARIO

Connects you with the world's premier suppliers, offering a broad product portfolio and support from product development to market production.

L.V. Lomas Limited 99 Summerlea Rd. Brampton, ON L6T 4V2 (905) 458-1555 Fax: (905) 458-0722 www.lvlomas.com Kevin Russell, Pres./COO; Mike Foxwell, Sr. V.P.; David Hicken, Sales Mgr. One of Canada’s largest specialty chemical distributors. Maintains strategic partnerships with some of the world’s foremost manufacturers of high-quality raw materials.

REPRESENTED: Dow Chemical Company Dow Corning DuPont Performance Elastomers DuPont Packaging & Industrial Polymers Eastman ExxonMobil Company Honeywell INEOS Oligomers Kraton Polymers LLC Tate and Lyle SEE OUR AD ON PAGE 4

ENGLAND, UK Newport Industries Limited

WISCONSIN

Merlin House, 20 Belmont Terr. Chiswick, London W4 5UG +44 208 742 0333 Fax: +44 208 742 0444 [email protected] www.rosins.eu Andrew Saunders; Mark Isaacs Nuroz rosin ester, H-Rez hydrocarbon resin, Nures terpene resin, Nures phenolic resin, and Nuvox antioxidant.

The M.F. Cachat Company (800) 729-8900 [email protected] www.mfcachat.com

Don't See Your Company Listed in the 2011-2012 Distributor Directory?

REPRESENTED: Adhesive Systems Inc. General Sealants Power Adhesives Resin Technology Group Star Technology

WASHINGTON August 2011 • Volume 18, Issue

8 • www.adhesivesm

ag.com

Atlas Supply Inc. Hisco, Corporate 6650 Concord Park Dr. Houston, TX 77040 (713) 934-1700 Fax: (713) 934-1772 [email protected] www.hiscoinc.com Bob Dill, Pres.; Paul Gill, V.P.; Chris Woody, Branch Mgr. Offers custom packaging solutions for adhesives, sealants, and resins to help eliminate waste, increase production yields, save space, and lower costs. Adhesive Materials Group specializes in contract filling services for a variety of products including epoxies, silicones, urethanes, greases, specialty chemicals, primers, coatings and lubricants.

REPRESENTED: 3M Bluestar Silicones Henkel Loctite Momentive Silicones Nordson EFD Sulzer Mixpac Wacker Silicones

NP GROUP LLC 14332 Gillis Rd. # 102 Dallas, TX 75244 (800) 203-5783 Fax: (972) 386-5457 www.npgroupinc.com Gus Munos; George Roy; William Hopson;

August 2011

611 S. Charlestown St. Seattle, WA 98108 (800) 347-5767 Fax: (206) 382-9319 [email protected] www.atlassupply.com Todd Bennett, Sales Mgr.; Tony Mazza, Prod. Mgr.-OEM Sales; Jessica McIntosh, Mktg. Coord. Wholesale distributor of commercial construction sealants, adhesives, tapes, coatings, waterproofing and concrete repair materials. Representatives and distributors for the fenestration market, serving the West Coast.

❯

Organometalli c Catalysts

❯ Adhesion Testing

REPRESENTED: 3M Bostik Corporation Dow Corning Corporation Sika Corporation Sonneborn (BASF)

Univar 17425 N.E. Union Hill Rd. Redmond, WA 98052 (877) 203-0045 [email protected] www.univar.com Dave Johnson; Nicole Bradley; Steve Hollman

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Contact Peg Van Winkle to be listed next year! Email vanwinklep@ bnpmedia.com or call (614) 760-4222 for pricing and additional details. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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WHAT’S NEW RAW MATERIALS DSM ACRYLIC RESIN

NeoCryl™ B-300 is a patented inert solid acrylic resin that can obtain enhanced adhesion properties to difficult-to-adhere plastic substrates. The material reportedly offers a broad formulating latitude, as it is easily soluble in a range of diluting monomers. It can be used in energy-curable printing inks, overprint varnishes and coatings. NeoCryl B-300 is reportedly easily incorporated into existing systems and is compatible with a range of epoxy, urethane, and polyester acrylates. Compared to conventional inert resins, the material can enable formulators to achieve the desired combination of application properties. In magnitude, 20% of this resin improves the adhesion of printing inks to difficult substrates and improves inter-coat adhesion of overprint varnishes and coatings. Web: www.dsmcoatingresins.com

According to the company, AdPro Poly can enhance the adhesion of parylene coatings with polyimide and other polymeric substrates to a level not previously possible. The material has also reportedly demonstrated improved stability at elevated temperatures, making it a suitable adhesion promotion system for harsh environment applications. It is also biocompatible for medical device applications. Web: www.scscoatings.com

FORMULATED ADHESIVES

LESCO SPOT-CURING SYSTEM

NUSIL TECHNOLOGY LLC

INNOVATIVE RESINS

FLUOROSILICONE GEL

ACRYLIC ADHESIVE SYSTEM

A new 100 mol% fluorosilicone gel can be used to fill small gaps and backfill electronics in applications that require solvent and/or fuel resistance. FS-3502-1 is a two-part, white, fluorosilicone gel available in an easy-to-use 1:1 mix ratio. It reportedly bonds aggressively with most surfaces, and its cure can be heataccelerated. FS-3502-1 is hydrocarbon-resistant for components exposed to aviation fuels, such as JP-8; chemicals; and solvents used in automotive, electronics, and aircraft applications. With a low type ‘00’ durometer, FS-3502-1 reportedly exhibits low modulus and absorbs stresses incurred during thermal cycling. The gel has minimal tack and low moisture permeability. In addition, electronics applications can benefit from FS-3501-1’s non-corrosive properties and minimal contamination. Web: www.nusil.com

Acrylic-Cure™ AC 8810 is a low-odor, fastsetting, two-part acrylic adhesive system that is available in a 1:1 mix ratio. It is a proprietarily toughened structural adhesive and reportedly has virtually no odor when compared with traditional acrylic adhesives. This adhesive can offer excellent shear and peel strength, along with good impact resistance and durability. It reportedly can quickly bond to most metals, ceramics, rubbers, plastics, composites and wood with minimal surface preparation. Web: www.innovativeresinsystems.com

SPECIALTY COATING SYSTEMS ADHESION PROMOTERS

SCS AdPro Poly® was engineered to solve the adhesion challenges of many polymeric materials, including polyimide substrates, enabling parylene coatings to provide long-term reliability and protection for innovative, complex technologies. In the electronics, medical device, automotive, and military/aerospace industries, various thinfilm coatings are used for surface modification, protection enhancement, and biostability to enhance the overall reliability of polymeric devices. 42

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testing instrument. The new instrument can enable consumer goods manufacturers to test products realistically under accelerated conditions—typically with time-saving factors of >10 vs. real time. The instrument offers two custom racks: a one-tier bottle rack and a two-tier soft-packaging rack. Both carry loads up to 20 kg and fit a variety of specimen shapes and sizes. Other features include the use of XENOCHROME filters, which can reportedly deliver the right light; an efficient chiller that guarantees realistic test temperatures even at high acceleration levels; and easy programming and monitoring using new online features. Web: www.atlas-mts.com

The Lesco Spectrum 365 LED UVA highintensity spot curing system reportedly offers many advantages over conventional spot curing systems, including no bulbs to change, cool cures, no warm-up, low power consumption and constant intensity. The instrument generates curing energy using high-intensity LEDs, emits maximum light intensity output through industrystandard fiber optic light guides, and allows users to adjust intensity output from 10% to 100%. According to the company, this system is the first direct replacement in the industry for existing spot cure systems using old arc lamp technology. Phone: (310) 784-2930 Web: www.auvco.com

RUDOLPH BROTHERS & CO. MDI ADHESIVE

MA 5005 is a single-component, moisture-curing MDI polyurethane adhesive for general bonding applications on porous substrates. The adhesive reportedly offers ease of use and can be used in applications such as construction, woodworking, melamine-to-melamine bonding, foam fabrication, and the bonding of dissimilar substrates. Web: www.rudbros.com

EQUIPMENT ATLAS MATERIAL TESTING TECHNOLOGY WEATHER TESTING INSTRUMENT

The Xenotest Beta+ FD is an enhanced version of this company’s Xenotest Beta+ weathering

CHARLES ROSS & SON CO. UPDATED MULTI-SHAFT MIXER

New and improved features have been added to this company’s VersaMix Multi-Shaft Mixer. The photo shows a 100-gal VersaMix equipped with a three-wing anchor agitator, high-speed disperser, rotor/stator mixer designed for subsurface powder induction, feed ports with pneumatically actuated ball valves, jacketed mix vessel, level sensor, vacuum/pressure transmitter, clean-in-place rotary spray nozzles, a magnetic iron trap on the discharge piping, and a transfer pump assembly that can measure viscosity and density to verify that the batch is complete August 2011

and within spec. The explosion-proof system includes PLC controls. The mixer is offered in sizes ranging from 1-4,000 gal capacity. Units are available for mixing trials at the Ross Test & Development Center. Trial/rental units are also available. Phone: (800) 243-ROSS

RESOURCES BASF DISPERSIONS & PIGMENTS WEBSITE

This company’s Dispersions & Pigments business in North America has launched a new website. The new site reportedly provides easy access to information about the company’s products for: decorative, industrial and transportation coatings; printing inks, overprint varnishes, functional coatings, and adhesives for printing and packaging; building and infrastructure materials; and nonwovens and fiber bonding. Web: www.basf.us/dpsolutions

FISNAR RENEWABLE ENERGY BROCHURE

A new brochure highlights this company’s SOLARPREP™ renewable energy equipment program. The brochure introduces current

renewable energy technologies and Fisnar’s manufacturing solutions, from simple modular automation to full-factory systems. In addition, the brochure can serve as an introduction to renewable energy technology alternatives and the procedures involved in their manufacture. Technologies featured in the brochure include crystalline photovoltaic solar panels (Si PV), concentrated solar photovoltaic (CSP), concentrated solar thermal (CST), thin film photovoltaic (a-Si PV), wind energy (WiEn), electric vehicle (EV), and light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Web: www.fisnar.com

GELEST SILANES BROCHURE

This company has updated its “Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification” brochure. The new publication includes new functional materials, including silanes with embedded polarity, biomimetic activity and fluorescence. The brochure contains a description of non-functional silane monomers and siloxane oligomers used to render surfaces hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The brochure distinguishes the features and benefits of the entire range of commercial alkyl-silanes and aryl-silanes,

including dipodal PEG and fluorinated materials for use as water repellents; release coatings; architectural coatings; pigment dispersants; mineral surface treatments; and anti-stiction, optical, dielectric, biomimetic fluorescent coatings. It also includes information on how to apply materials to achieve desired performance. Phone: (215) 547-1015 Web: www.gelest.com

ISP NEW WEBSITE

Adhesives and sealants formulators can visit this company’s new website for comprehensive information about elastomers, polymers, solvents, and other products for applications such as tile mastics, pressure-sensitive adhesives, glue sticks, and others. The site includes details such as product properties, performance parameters, and applications; a menu of starting formulations; background information on regulations such as the European Biocides Products Directive; and details about ISP. “We’ve designed www.ispadhesives.com to be extremely useful, enabling the adhesives and sealants professional to quickly find product data and starting formulations from which they can customize,” said Scott Edris, senior director, Global Marketing, Performance Chemicals. Web: www.ispadhesives.com

86 Years.......

Now featuring:

7 Locations.....

CellocelTM Cellulose Ethers

2500+ Customers......

RedipolTM Redispersable Polymer Powders

We must be doing something right.......

00

August 2011

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Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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M A N U FA C T U R I N G & P R O C E S S I N G S E R V I C E S

SERVICES MARKETPLACE D I S T R I B U T I O N S E RV I C E S Heigl Technologies ...................................................................................... 44

L A B O R AT O R Y & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S Chemsultants International Network ............................................................ 44 Delsen Testing Laboratories .......................................................................... 45

M A N U FA C T U R I N G & P R O C E S S I N G S E R V I C E S Polymeric Systems, Inc. ............................................................................... 44 Resin Lab .................................................................................................... 44

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S ChemLink.................................................................................................... 44 This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

D I S T R I B U T I O N S E RV I C E S

CUSTOM DISTRIBUTION SERVICES EXPERTS IN CUSTOM FORMULATION & TOLL MANUFACTURING We specialize in custom formulation of adhesives & encapsulants for electronic & general product assembly applications.

Heigl Adhesives will provide distribution services tailored to your manufacturing needs. *Epoxies *Hot Melts *Cyanacrylates *Anaerobics *Urethanes *Silicones

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*PUR Hotmelt *Methacrylates *Dispensing *Needles and Syringes *UV’s *Potting Compounds

Please call for a proposal today! p.800.401.1441 www.heigladhesive.com f.952.943.1255 [email protected]

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P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S asi1010SMS-Heigl.indd 1

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L A B O R AT O R Y & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S

Seeking Private Label Business • Seeking new Private Label/toll manufacturing for solvent-free adhesives, sealants/coatings. • Leader in North American polyether technology • Multiple packaging conﬁgurations • Standard and custom formulations • Excellent turnaround w/newly expanded capacities • Dedicated R&D facility [email protected] 800-826-1681 • www.chemlinkinc.com

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asi0211class-chemlink.indd 1

August 2011 1/5/11 9:33 AM

SERVICES MARKETPLACE L A B O R AT O R Y & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S

SPECIALISTS IN TESTING ADVANCED COMPOSITES Q Mechanical Testing Q Thermal Analysis Q Thermal Cycling QElectrical Properties

Q Metallography Q Flammability, Smoke Toxicity and OSU Heat Release

SUBSCRIBE online Volume 18, Issue January 2011 •

mag.com 1 • www.adhesives

1024 Grand Central Avenue • Glendale, CA 91201 Internet: www.delsen.com • Fax: (818) 247-4537

888-433-5736

❯ Raw Materials ❯ Weather Durability

Testing

9:46 AM 12/16/10 9:4

Cover.indd 1

Non Metallic Materials Testing

www.adhesivesmag.com/renewonline

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• • • • • •

A 25 year old company serving industrial OEM and retail markets, directly and through distribution.The company supplies various high end adhesive technologies for structural and non structural applications with well recognized brand names in both industrial and retail markets.They provide engineer or architect speciﬁed adhesive formulations, private label opportunities, in bulk or convenience packaging to over 500 OEM customers in a wide range of product assembly markets. The company has niche retail distribution along the entire Atlantic Coast and sees excellent growth opportunities in new markets with very limited competition. The owners are willing to stay on for an appropriate transition period,and may consider creative buy out options. Please respond to adhesives101@ gmail.com.

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Submit Classified Ads Online Visit www.adhesivesmag.com and click on “Classified Ads” to place your ad today!

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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ASK

AD INDEX

DR.DAVE

Adhesive & Sealant Council, Inc.

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

Applied Test Systems, Inc.

QUESTION: We want to bond steel plates to the outside of an outdoor tank. They must be able to resist periodic forces that are high shear but of short duration. We can only control the bond gap to 3-5 mm. What sort of adhesive would you recommend?

ASK

ANSWER: It sounds like you need to consider using a highIt sounds like you strength toughened epoxy need to consider adhesive similar to those developed for the automotive using a high-strength industry (both in the OEM and repair industries). These toughened epoxy types of adhesives exhibit very high performance in adhesive similar order to resist the forces gento those developed erated in a crash situation. To test their suitability for the automotive for your application, you need to measure the tensile industry. shear strength of your adhesive at the anticipated bond gap. Choose the required bond area to resist the forces and allow yourself a generous safety factor. Remember that shear data shown on data sheets from the adhesive manufacturer will typically be generated on small bond areas at gaps of 0.5 mm (20 mils) or less, and strengths will be lower at larger gaps. In addition, using a larger bond area will almost certainly work in your favor; strengths in a large bond area tend to be higher than what the data sheet values state because the highest stresses in an adhesive bond are at the edges. Because your application is outdoors, I would also recommend that you protect the edges of the bond against moisture ingress, either by painting or caulking.

DR.DAVE

Do You Have a Question for Dr. Dave?

Visit www.adhesivesmag.com and click on Ask Dr. Dave in the left-hand column.

www.ascouncil.org

7

www.adhesivesmag.com/ distributordirectory

34

www.atspa.com

26

Assembly & Automation Technology Expo

www.ATTexpo.com

IBC

CAS-MI/EAG Labs

www.cas-mi.com

Conn & Co.

www.connblade.com

Dow Construction Chemicals

www.dowconstructionchemicals.com IFC

Dynasol, LLC

www.dynasolelastomers.com

E.W. Kaufmann Company

www.ewkaufmann.com

25

Evonik Degussa

www.evonik.com

23

Evonik Industries AG

www.evonik.com/designed-polymers

BC

F.L.D. Enterprises

[email protected]

13

Gabriel Performance Products

www.gabepro.com

30

Green Manufacturing Expo

www.GreenMfgExpo.com

28

Imass, Inc.

www.imass.com

38

LabelExpo

www.labelexpo-europe.com

17

Merlin Packaging Technologies Inc.

www.merlinpackaging.com

11

R.E. Carroll, Inc.

www.recarroll.com

43

Spectronics Corp.

www.spectroline.com

13

9

10

9

Tremco Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing

www.tremcosealants.com

8

Univar USA Inc.

[email protected]

4

Wacker Silicones

www.wacker.com/knows-solutions

3

Yellow Jacket

www.yellowjacket110.com

Dr. Dave Dunn is a former vice president and director of Loctite Corp. and has spent many years troubleshooting adhesive and sealant problems in the adhe-

33

sives, sealants, specialty rubbers, and plastics fields. Questions for publication should be directed to him at 242 Trails End, Aurora, OH 44202; (330) 562-2930; FAX (330) 247-1690; email [email protected]; or visit www.fldenterprises.com.

This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

Any views or opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and do not represent those of Adhesives & Sealants Industry, its staff, Editorial Advisory Board or BNP Media.

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August 2011

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