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Albert of Aachen Historia Ierosolimitana HISTORY OF THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM
•
••
EDIT ED AN D TRANS LAT ED BY
SUSAN B. EDGINGTON
O XF O RD
,\l ED 1E \' .~ l TE X T ~
J. W. BIN I' S D . D ' AVRAl M . S . K EM P SIIALL
R. C . LOV E
A L HERT OF AAC HE N HfST O Rf A f EROSOLf JtlfTA N A
H IS TOR Y O F TH E JO U R N E Y TO JER USA LE M
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Albert of Aachen
HISTORIA I E ROSOLIMI T AN A History oJ the Journey to J erusalem
EDITED AND TR ANS L ,o, T ED DY
SU SA N B, EDGI N GTON
CL A RENDO N I'KE SS ' OXFORD
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P RE FAC E
5INC[ the preparation of this edition and lTans lation has occupied much of my adult life, l owe dcblS of gr~litudc tu a "cry large number of people who h.,'c hdp.ctl Ill<: in 'Tr}' man}' ways. Th" moSt outstan ding ar~ mentioned here and in th~ notes \0 the text, bUi I cannOl attem pt to nam<: them all , I hope I lhankcd th<:m adequatel}' at the approp riate ti mes and ha~ I reaffirm my grati tud~, The pmject was suggested w me hy the lat e I' rofc"5or Joan Hussey, Royal Hnlloway College, as a l'h _D_ thesis in H)68 I completed the editim, un der thc supervis ion of J ulian Ch r)'sostmn i de.~, who su p-ported me steadfast ly through a p rocess which took o'"er Twenty years. I am alro indebted to the Universit y of London's Board of Grad u 'll~ Studies for allowi ng me to stretch th" regulations to their limits and for gr<:eting the "ppo:ar.nn' of my thesis in 1991 with congratu lation in'lead of disbdicf. I th~n had the g(~Jd fortune w spo:nd a term at Newnham Cnllege, Cambridge, as Ru th Cohnt Sch(Mll m istTCs.~ I' d low, ",hil"h allowed me w mak .-.:al progres< with the translation and hiswrieal nOleS, I I hank all of 1he libraria ns an d archi,-is1.s of coll ect ions which hold manuscripts of the HiS/ori" fOT supplying me Irith microfilm copies, which I used for the <;<>l1ation an d edition of the te~t, and for accommodating me in person to allow the inspection of the manu scripts themseh es. I ha,'e also had the prhi lege of llsing Cambridge Unh'crsity Library and its excellent hol dings and fadlitics. The Gmcral Editors of 0,\-\T-3 t thaI time Diana GrcmwJ), Barbara llan'c)", and Michael Lapi d ~----bccame im'o],'cd in the t99O'l and all l()oh-..l at Some part of the tc.' !. i\l ichaei Lapidgc d il ig~ntly r~ad drafts of the ~ntire text and translation an d made man y .-aluabk sugg"st;ons for im prm-emenL T h ~ late Timothy Reuter made a start 011 reading the historical notes, but was pre"ented from pursuing the task by his untim ely death, Alan Mltrray, of Leeds Uni"ersity, stepped into the breach and contribu ted enormously from his encyclo[)<'dic knowledge of the subject. Neil Wrig ht, Un h'ersit \' of Cambridge, read through the Latin lexl and identified <"ias,ical borw",ings. [n the lI urr}' of acti.-ity around the fmal ,tages of p r~paring the r)'pescript I ha\'~ been grateful for tm, support ufOi\-rr
PREF.H: E
editors John Blai r, James Binns. ami Da"id D'1'wray; their colleagues at Oxford Universi ty Press; the cop v-ediJor Bonnie Blackburn, and the Iypesetter Anne Josh ua. My research has brought me into conlaCI with many lI'ho h" 'e become good friends and a great so urce of encouragement. I met the laic 0110 Smail in the 19ioS an d he maoc IwO pricdc.<;s COrllribUlions \() my re~areh : he pro,-ided me wilh • kner of irllroduelion In Cambridge Un iversily Library. and he in viled me l(l al1end th e ~m ;nar~ which he w"' then ru nning at Qu.,.,n~' Cullege with Jona1han Riley-Smith. The seminar ~ries ha .• evoked but sti ll (akes place. organized by m y colleagues T homas Asbridge at.d Jonathan Phillips . ll he Institute of HislOriul Rese-m:h in Lon don_ I ha,'c enjoyed tra,"tl ling to crusa der lands with Jonalhan. Tom and Jon , Malcolm Harber. Peter Edburl'. John I' rance. Y\'onne Friedman. Luis Garcia-Guijarro. Bernard Ibmilton . Robert I luygens. Piers !l.litehell. Alan !\'l urray, lIill Zajac. and <>then;. I ha.'c also ,alued the ~uppurt of these colleagues bl' corr~"pondcnce amI con\'ersa tion. No less importam h.,-e been my CUL tea-mom frie nds. especia lly Debby Banham alld Shelagh Snedd on . For genera l life support at.d g. rden mainten,"u: my friends of l onge~t 'talldill ),:. Sue and Chris Wor1hillgton, have pUI me deeply in their deb!. Mean while my (eaching caT<.'Cr "'as in fu rther edu e-ation at I lu nti ngdons hire Regional Collcge, and I ha\c "alued thc support of st udem s and stalT. es peciall}' the pra l1ical hdp "f1he libTar}', IT and printroom l",rsonnel . and the sleadfa st friendshi p of Groff Paw ling. now Assistam Pri ncipa l. It gi,.c.~ me great satisfac1ion at th~ dose of my career to h,,-c rClUrn ed (" th~ Uni,·crsity ,,{ London to teach an i\ lA in Cru""de r Studies. Howe'-er. my deepest and wa nnest al'l'r~><;i a tion is for my famil y. especia ll y my dau ghter Rebecca. my son Ben and his wife Penny, and my grandchildren Hannah .nd Rebekah. Albert of Aachen was a presence in my children's Ii '-es; he has been a good companion in mine. and I hope that Ihis ,,,rsion of his HiS/ona does him justice. S.B.E. QUMn ArMy. Un;w.,ily of Lmllton Jun€ 2006
CO N TENTS
·
LI ST O F FIG U RE S AN D MAP S
OX
ABB REV IA TIO NS
Xl
INT RODU CTIO N
no·
L THE H1STO RfA OF A LBERT O F AAC H EN
The H iSlorj{/ lerosolimif(lll(l 2. 'fh e author 3. Dating 4. Sources I.
•
XX I· •
XXI • ••
XX I1I
·
XX I V
·
XXVI • ••
5. Single a uthorship
XXVIII
6. ' I-listoria' 7. Albert's attitudt!S 8. Evalua tion
xxx · XXX I · XXXV I
IT. MA N U S CRI PT S T. 2.
Extant ma nuscripts Lost manuscripts
3. Relationships of the manuscripts III. ED ITIONS
Previous editions 2. 'I'ransl:nions 3. The present edition T.
SI GLA
T EX T A N D TRA NS LATION HISTORIA IERO SOLIMITANA .. H istory 0/ the J Ollrrlcy to .Jerusalem Book i Book ii Book iii Book iv
••
XXXVlI
..
XXXV ll
xlvii xlviii Iv Iv Ivii 1vii i Ixi
I
, 60 138 248
Book v Book vi
]38 4 06
Book vii Book viii
486 586
...
CONTEN T S
V 1I1
Book Book Book Book
ix x xi xii
638
7, 8 774
826
AP P EN DIX : CH APTER TITL ES
883
B IBLIOGRA PHY
9'9
IN D EX OF QUOTA T IONS AN D AL L USIONS
93 ' 934
IN DEX
fIG U RE AN D J'o.'1A P S
F1GU R [
, The relationships of the manuscripts
xl"iii
M A PS
Romes of the crusading armies in Antioch in 1097- 8 J<"Tllsakm in 3 Routes of the cr usading armks in 1101 4 The crusad~r stales in 10<)9- 1 1 1 9
''''''
, L
""J9
,
" ,,' .Wll
.n11l xiX
This page intentiollally !eft blallk
ABBREVIAT I O NS
AlheTr "f A. chen, 1I",,,,io l,,",olimitana, book and chapter
c~red
b!'
AC
Anne G)mnene,AI""":u/,, cd, Bcm>rd Lcib, 3 "ols, (Pori., "137- ,6); Tk, AI""oJ of A"no C.",,,ma, tron •. E. R. A. Sewt"T (I ,"T"",nd.worth , '(11'.<;)
AASS
Aaa SaltCI.,,,m qU&lqU&I /&10 urb,. ,obmlUr: vd a
(Mheli", ""plOr'b", ulehratllur 4"at: ~" lalllli, " trorc;', olia"''''quf t,mium allli<{u;' menu",,",,, , cd Joh.nnes BoII.ndu•• nd G odefridus Henschenius ( ~nd edn ., 70 ,'ols. and ,upplenltm, Brnssels, Pari., and Rome, , 863- ) t\ndressohn ,
C""ir_y
Anon. Syri oc
J C. l\ndTc
AOL
Arch"!,, dr /'Omm 101m. 2 ,'ok (I'..is, ,881 - ,.)
Ill)
DnlJn'ti e~iMo/,i Dolo",. II;'IO,ia ]fTo,olimilan •• RIIC0 .. i". ' - I II
Ihrtolf of N.ng;., C,S/a Franc.",m Hitrusakm ":/,utnam",,,,. RIIC Ou iii. "9' 5H Dff.ro, Ann. Ian, Ann.le. I"nuenw, ed. L T. lle1grono, Annali C£not'"i, i (Fom i per 1. s.o,i. d'lt.li., xi; Geno •• [8<;0), pp . 3- 75 Dffaro, Hft"i, /1;'/0"" R£~ni lhNl"olim,{~nj n,,,,j, 11;'1.,;a , Annoli (,'£ItI;1>6i, i, ' 27- ,.6
fl N
Dffi1,o, Lih, Or.
/Jt libNl1liont tivila/"''' O,un/;. /ihtr, An",,/i Cnw -
o'N;, i , Q<J-12~ CCCII
ChA Ou <.:ange
Co,/,'" Chmlianllmm. Continunli. Mdia"'a/i, fA Cha nlon J'Anti(}(hr, ed. S, Onparc-Qnioc, 2"01" (P.ris, ''177- 8) C. du Conge, CloSJonum ",dia,
A BBRt;VJAT I ON~
'"
Edgington, Ph,D. thesis
S. U. Edgingtoo. 'The lIim,,"" Ih"",,,/;milaM of Albert of Aachm: A Critical Edition' (Ph.D thesis. London, 19')1)
E/' EHch1fJ
Enryr/opri/ia .f hI"m (2nd cdn" 10 Leiden, 195+~OOO) &< Pm/olf an d F.Uch.rd
EHehard. Him'S(Jlymila
O(fV, I +0
'C
"u/clIf'i
EH,hard; "bbMiJ
Ura~~n'is
C"mQltmi.
~ols.
111 r r.
flitr",,,/ymila, RflC
lIi
HW'M"lymilanIJ
(lOrE-lU,) . ed. Heinrich H. gcnmcycr (Hei delberg . [913)
FrUlolf.nd Ekkehord
Fro'.1ft rr EN-,harJ; Chronica "unon Anon),,,,, Impi'u/"",,,,, ed. F .-J. Schmale ...d I. Schmalc-On (D.. mstaJt, 1972)
ChrQm"~
GF
Gn/a Fmn""NItI et "liomm Hi"owlimitamiTum, ed. and tnos, Rosal ind Hill (London. 1
Gi lo
Gilo of Pa r;, ",d , second ononymous author, fti'Mnd 1M Ih(rpwlym;Ianaf,
and
GN H '1l"nmeyer,
K'luzzugw,irft lI~i""hintIQ
J
~.
C W. Grocod
E. Sibe,ry (O,\IT. '99;)
Gllib
",<)6)
fo"pi
{h"rI~'
ad hiS/gri",,, primi hrlli 'IKro,
'!WlamN: Di, K"uzzugw,i,y au, dmJahrm 10881100, «I. H. Hagon",e)"e, (Inmbruck, "j'H) Snorri SlllIlu",". lltim'hingla. 'rons. L.]\1 . Hollander (Austin, Te.,., ,\11+), pp. 6&8-;,+
{fl.
I""lfini"h,. ff,,:omrlf ... I.r;r:;ton: o;churUcht, Fpr-
'Q
nlt/gul >'QIl En"ius hi, zum Arthipotla, 5 w,k (Munich. '97q-SJ) Exlmit Jt la ,hmniqut ;nlituli, Komd-AluwryH I"" Ibn-l lla'y'. RffC 0, i . • 87- 1\00; ii. ' - I&> Ibn al-Q.lmi,i, Hi Da",,,,,us Chronid, of Ih, C"".d", cd H. A. R. Gibb (London. '932) E.wMiu J, I~ ChrQni'lu£ J'AI,p par K,n",1 td- Din, RIIC Or iii. 578--6r)O A Lalin O;ctionary, cd C. T . Lewi, and C. ShOrl (O ,forJ, 187~)
K. mo.1 al_O;n Lew;, & Short
ABBRE I' IAT IOt"S M ayer. Mom,hl
.\1"
H; E. M ayer, Die K"uqah",hrffl(hufi Mom,lal (S6ha ~) : J,mlonien im l~ . Jall,hunder, (Wi".b.den.
,"")
ME AICII SS
;lnnm;a and th, C,usad", T"nrh 10 T=Jfih C,ntl<,i,,: Thr Chronicle of.llatlhnl'of£drssa . trans. A. E, Oo
G. 1-1. P"" '. d al. . lZ ml'. (...."o'·n. lI'eim ...
OED
0.\1"1'
Slu ttgart. and Cologne, 18z6--'9Hl O,if",J Enlli,h J)ic/;Mury (2nd tdn .• 20 \"01... Oxford. l Q89) Orb;, Lal;nu,: L,-,ihm I"',;nis,h,,, r:'"l'aphi..h", Nam.:n iUs Aline/a/lfr und ikr Neuuil. 1 "01" ( Ilud' pest. J97Z) Oxford M.die,.,.1 T exts
M
Th, fccl",'asl;,ul "i,I",)-, ofOrd",;, Vil"'is . cd and tran" Marjorie Chibn.n, 6 \"ols. (O,\IT, 'oA/- So) PalmlQgiM (um" (~mplrlur, S,",;~ Lul;na , publ. J. 1'. Migne. HI "01" (Paris, lRi4- 54) Ih,wria d, ";,,",~Iym;'ano il;n",. ed . J. II. lIin and r. r. r rill (O""umcn. , Tclari fs it l" his."irc de< croisades. xii; Pari,. J9771
lUI
fA 'Ltlxr' cull1"nt, ,,,r.,if•• I'hi""itt df'< CTl>i,..d<-~. i~ ; ['oris. "J6tJ) (;'rta Tancrd; In ,,,prJ;,;o,,, l/;rroil,lym;,anu . aufl~" Rad"lf~ Cui.m,"". RlIC Ore iii . 587- 7 , 6 Recut,l lit, lIi,'{;f;,nr b, Cr.;,,,b,. ~d . ."e .dell1 i~ des Inscriptions et Belks Lcttrcs (Paris. 1841 '90 6) RIIG. f! ;'/.rim, Ouidenlau.t , 5 wi •. (I'..i" 1s'14L
RC RIIC
RIIC Ou
0;)
RIIC Or
RUC. Hislorim, OrU'mau.'. 5 wis. (Paris. , 87'
RIICF
RrrUfil dN hin"rim, d" Gaul" tI d, la frana, cd, ~L 1I0uque! e! . 1.. Z~ vol •. (P.ri., '7.\7 - 190~ ) Robmi MONochi h;'/.ria Ih,.,..,olinlilana. RIIC Of( iii. 717- 882
'901"') RM
ABB R t;VJAT I ON~
X1\'
Helma ''In; k'ad,oiymil.ni, ed. R. Rohrichl I So)~) .nd A ddlla_mum (l nnsbmd. "") Srr,plOm rerum Hungo,icarum Ifmp." Ju{um "'%"lIIq'" 'Iirt" Arp~J'aM' tWa",m. ~ "ok (Uuda(lnnsbmd.
,
SSRII
U",,,,ah
PCSI, ",137-41) U•• mah ibn ,\ \unqidh, A n Arab-Syrihn (;mllnnan
and Worrier in Ih, Period oflh, C",,,,Jn: M,moi" of U",m.h ibn '\/un~jJh , ed . 1'. K. Hilti ( Princeton, 1~;:9)
we
Walter Ihe Ch.ncenor. Bdla A"I;(lfhn'a, ed. H. f-b genmcycr (lnnsbmck, 1&,6)
11'1\\
Willi. m of J\I,,\m«bury, (;~'18 H'gNnJ Angio.-ultl. cd R ,\. n. Myn,,"s, R. M. Thom"'n. and M. WimerOOlt01n, 2 "ok (O.\1T, 19"&---9) Willi. m ofT)'K. ChNmi,ml, cd R. B. C Huy gc ~ s (eee.1I lxiii-\~iii.o\: Turnhoul . 19~1,)
\\,T
()
D ~\
,p ,_ R(>Ilto, of'he cru..ding .m,ic.;n
'00;>6.
000"
Iron Bridge
1
l
\ lliteof the Duke H
OIh soo m.
HEST
\ SILPIUS
'\
\
St George
cr.." //
I
o, I
o
to StSimeon
r
r N
If.. mile
,
I
lh
I
lkm
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M AP 2. Antioch in 1097- 8.
N
)
D
StMary
Ma.gdelene
,, ,,• "0
••
, , ,,• , "
~
0
Temple Mount Hal
c::]
Dom, of the
Sepulchre
@d Temple of Solomon I
:::J.
David
VALLEY
OF
RINNON
QIDRON VALLEY
MOUNT
Pool of Siloam
SION
o,
,
o
,
'I.
MAP 3. Jerusalem in 1099.
a
, '1:1 km
..
,,",..,.
M AP
~.
11.00'"
c nl ... ding
..m;" in , '0 ' .
SULTANTEOF
-
RUM
, ARMENIANS
o Aleppo
CYPRUS
MEDITERRANEAN
SEA
o D:mI3SCtls
___ Political frontiers
I
MAP 5. The crusader states in 1099-111 9.
o 100 ml1es ,-, c;=='=;=~'I !o ISO bn
This page intentiollally !eft blallk
INTRODUCTION
T, Tlif. IlrSTORrA Of
T, Tlu
,~LT nRT
OF
,~ACTlE:-;
Histori~ krosolimitan~
The Hil/oria leroso/imilalla anributed 10 Alben of Aachen is the most compicte, th~ most detailed, and the most colourful of the cuntcm!l'orary narratives of the First Crusad~ and of the C.reCn; of the f,rst generation of Latin sculers in Olltr<:mer ([095- 11 19), It is also by rar the longes!.' 'rhe His/on'a compri>cs tweh'e books: th{' first six take th~ Story orthe First Cru,acic thro ugh to the ""plur~ of J~rus.l~m ('oW) and itS aflCrmat h, ground that is w,-cTcd in the lhre~ h<:ncr-known eyewitness accoun ts nf Fulcher nf CharTres, Ra ymond nf Aguilcrs, and the anonym""s aut hor of Ihe G'llil FraJlCl>rlI"'_' The great value of this part o(lhe HiSTon'a is lhat ils aUThnr appears not 10 ha\'( known those contemporA ry narrati\'(s, and his aCColmt is therefore indepclldellt of them, In hooks, ii- xi i of Alben's Hi,/un'" fUTIheT ex peditions art: described, bIll thn~ is .I>() conside rable detail about the internal and ext(rnaJ politics of the crusacier states d uring the first t "'0 deGIdes of seillcment. The only comparable account in Latin is by Fulchn of Chartres, whose narrati\'c ends in 1127, and who------as chapiain to Raldwin I of J~TUsalem----was in a "trung p,,,i tion 10 .dale ~"Cn1~ at first hand _When he docs so his wor\; is, of cou rse, im'aluable, bur he is often disappoin1ingl y discreet about affairs of state, and inclined 10 reso.t 10 cla,>sical aut horiTies inSTead of his own (xperiene<:: for nample. his descriptions of natur~1 his10ry are deri"ed from Solinus_ Alben '5 inform alion for this later period ~';ln frCtluent!y be checked on ly against East~m writers, from whom there is a surprising .Jegrce of corrobora tion. , h;' rould>IJ' 'hI« ,ime> .. kon~ .. I'"kl><. ~fa..rtr<>; >i., 'im<> .. loog .. iU)'TTlQoo of ",,"iitn-,.oo ''''' ,imes .. Ion,,, ,I>< (kJlg F,••"".... ~ on ,he pop".,ioo of the IIm" ,1 oJ;, ..... , F ukho-t RIfC 01< ;;; , J'(>-tll6; K,)m<),," IIHC (ke ;;;_ 2J '-)"9; (;"JI. II//C 0/;, ;;i. ,,~, A'\>