TEACHER’S NOTES AND ANSWER KEY
TO THE TEACHER INTRODUCING THE PROGRAM
◗ After you pass out the books, involve the whole class as you or selected students read the three-page book introduction aloud. Allow plenty of time for questions and comments as the reading proceeds.
◗ Assign the four practice exercises in the worktext. Tell students to check their own work against the answers at the bottom of each page. Remind them that the vocabulary used in analogies can be quite challenging. Make sure that all students have ready access to a dictionary as they work through this program. Also forewarn students to watch out for words with more than one meaning. (The word dove, for example, might refer to a bird, or it might refer to the past tense of the verb dive.) Assign the reproducible Multiple-Meaning Words exercise in this Teacher’s Notes to prepare them for this common cause of confusion. When all, or the great majority, of your students perform well on the practice exercises, assign the reproducible pretest (if you think it appropriate for your class) or proceed to the first worktext lesson. PRESENTING THE LESSONS
◗ Ideally, you will introduce your class to each regular lesson (different type of analogy) by conducting a brief modeling session on the chalkboard. Write a single analogy of the type being introduced; e.g., for part/whole, you could write: crust : pizza :: a. pudding : dessert b. caboose : train c. futon : couch d. team : player Invite the entire class to participate in reasoning out the correct answer. Suggest that they eliminate incorrect answers by comparing them to their test sentence: A crust is part of a pizza. Encourage questions such as “Is a pudding a part of a dessert?”, “Is a team a part of a player?”, and so on. SUGGESTIONS FOR ENRICHMENT/REINFORCEMENT
◗ Assign students to write their own
◗ Have pairs or small groups of students
analogies (learn by doing), perhaps for extra credit.
compare answers and explain their thinking.
◗ Remind students to stay alert to
◗ Write more analogies on the chalkboard.
multiple-meaning words. Ask them to find examples in the book.
Have students brainstorm, calling out answers. 2
ANALOGIES
1
MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDS A multiple-meaning word in an analogy can be very confusing. Consider an alternative word meaning before you give up!
A.
Circle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word as it is used in each analogy. 1. blackberry : bush :: date : tree a. day of the month
b. agreement to meet
c. sweet, fleshy fruit
2. mattress : firm :: rock : hard a. constant, unchanging
b. business company
c. solid, strong
3. bottle : vinegar :: sack : grain a. tackle the quarterback
b. to rob, loot
c. large cloth bag
4. endured : bore :: possessed : had a. gave birth to
b. withstood, underwent
c. to dig a hole
5. redolent : pine :: rank : sulfur a. position in armed forces
B.
b. unpleasant smell
Write a multiple-meaning word that matches each set of definitions. Hint: All of the answers are three-letter words. 1. ___________________
4. ___________________
a. furniture for sleeping
a. nocturnal flying mammal
b. ground where plants are grown
b. club for hitting a baseball
2. ___________________
5. ___________________
a. a record of money owed
a. a dry fruit grown on trees
b. small loop or flap
b. a metal piece screwed on a bolt
3. ___________________
C.
c. row of troops
6. ___________________
a. a tame companion animal
a. part of a horse’s bridle
b. to stroke or pat gently
b. a tiny piece or amount
On the back of this sheet, write at least two definitions of the words game, term, bail, and race.
Analogies 1 • Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
3
ANALOGIES
1
PRE/ POST TEST A.
This exercise will test your understanding of nine types of analogies. Complete each word pair with a word from the box. Hint: You will not use all the words. flock swing brawny
jaguar bruise lethal
work herd deny
scrawny kangaroo plaque 5. object / movement:
1. characteristics:
pendulum : ____________________
porcupine : ____________________
6. cause / effect:
2. synonyms:
blow : ____________________
affirm : ____________________
7. sequence:
3. antonyms:
joey : ____________________
burly : ____________________
8. degree:
4. member / group:
harmful : ____________________
elephant : ____________________
B.
9. sound relationships: Solve the crossword puzzle with words that complete the analogies. Use analogy types and the first letters as clues.
ACROSS 4. math couple : pair :: twelve : _______ 5. letter relationships week : feel :: wool : _______ 6. science wolf : predator :: flea : _______ 7. association shorts : summer :: parka : _______ 4
effect prickly verify
quirk : ____________________ 1 2 3
8. part / whole word : sentence ::
5
4
A
T
M
D
F
card : _______ 6
DOWN
P
1. grammar acrobat : she :: 7
W
clowns : _______ 2. geography Missouri : river ::
8
D
Rockies : _______ 3. place / object kitchen : table :: church : _______
6. history East : colonist :: West : _______
Analogies 1 • Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com
ANSWER KEY
ANALOGIES 1 MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDS A. 1. c
2. c
3. c
B. 1. bed 2. tab 3. pet
4. b
5. b
4. bat 5. nut 6. bit
C. Make sure student has provided at least two correct definitions for the following four words: game, term, bail, race PRE/POST TEST A. 1. prickly B. 2. verify 3. scrawny 4. herd 5. swing 6. bruise 7. kangaroo 8. lethal 9. work
ACROSS:
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
dozen fool parasite winter deck DOWN: 1. they 2. mountains 3. altar 6. pioneer
PAGES 12–13: Object to Characteristic / Characteristic to Object CROSS OUT: 1. fluffy, frightened 2. lanky, bony 3. cowardly, tart 4. crafty, dry 5. inorganic, supersonic 6. obedient, innocent 7. c 8. b 9. a
10. b 11. c 12. d
13. b 14. a 15. d
16. c 17. c 18. b
19–21. Answers will vary. PAGES 14–15: Antonyms 1. distinctive, unusual 2. dull, somber 3. chipper, elated 4. turbulent, frenzied 5. scrawny, wispy 6. boundless, indefinite 7. c 8. a 9. d
10. c 11. a 12. b
19. nothing
13. c 14. a 15. b
16. d 17. a 18. b
20. mourn
PAGES 16–17: Synonyms 1. soak 2. applaud 3. shelter
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
bore dawn neat slender member c a c d
13. 14. 15. 16.
b d a b
17. c 18. b 19. d
20. b 21. b 22. c
PAGES 18–19: Mixed Analogies 1. c – antonyms 2. c – synonyms 3. d – antonyms 4. a – characteristics 5. a – synonyms 6. c – characteristics 7. b – characteristics 8. a – antonyms 9. c – synonyms 10. d – characteristics 11. b – characteristics 12. a – antonyms 13. c – synonyms 14. a – synonyms 15. b – characteristics 16. a – antonyms 17. c – synonyms 18. b – synonyms 19. d – characteristics 20. b – characteristics
PAGES 22–23: Object to Movement / Movement to Object 1. draw 2. fish 3. heart 4. dive 5. dance 6. kick 7. swing 8. lift 9. b 10. c 11. d
12. a 13. c 14. b
15. c 16. b 17. c
18. a 19. d 20. c
21. hit, swing 22. throw, catch PAGES 24–25: Cause to Effect / Effect to Cause 1. g 3. f 5. d 7. c 2. e 4. b 6. a 8. c 9. d 10. a
11. c 12. b 13. b
14. c 15. b 16. d
17. d 18. c 19. a
20. Innovation 21. Success
PAGES 26–27: Mixed Analogies 1. b – object/movement 2. b – cause/effect 3. c – object/movement PAGES 20–21: Member to Group / 4. a – member/group Group to Member 5. c – member/group 1. Congress 6. c – cause/effect 2. herd 7. d – object/movement 3. committee 8. c – member/group 4. band 9. a – object/movement 5. faculty 10. d – member/group 6. college 11. d – cause/effect 7. cast 12. c – member/group 8. G-M / b 13. b – object/movement 9. M-G / c 14. a – member/group 10. G-M / d 15. c – object/movement 11. G-M / a 16. d – object/movement 12. G-M / b 17. c – member/group 13. M-G / c 18. b – cause/effect 14. M-G / b 19. a – member/group 15. M-G / a 20. b – cause/effect 16. G-M / d 17. M-G / b 18. G-M / d 19. G-M / b 20. Union 21. France
5
PAGES 28–29: Sequence 1. before 2. after 3. before 4. before 5. before 6. before 7. after 8. c 9. a 10. d
11. c 12. b 13. b
14. d 15. b 16. a
17. d 18. d 19. b
20. pancake : batter 21. tadpole : frog 22. radio : video PAGES 30–31: Degree 1. competent 2. hunger 3. survive 4. decigram 5. reduce 6. felony 7. tragic 8. bushel 9. obese 10. terror 11. c 12. b 13. c
14. a 15. c 16. b
17. a 18. c 19. b
PAGES 36–37: Review (pages 12–35) PAGE 36-------------------------------------------------ACROSS:
20. c 21. c 22. c
23. beautiful, enormous 24. damp, lake PAGES 32–33: Sound Relationships Sequence may vary within each category: HOMOPHONES: 1. aisle / I’ll 2. board / bored 3. paws / pause RHYMING: 4. four / corps 5. tough / fluff 6. blue / shoe BEGINNING SOUNDS: 7. choir / quit 8. phantom / fancy 9. germ / journal 10. c 11. d 12. b
13. c 14. d 15. c
22. show 23. bubble
16. b 17. c 18. b 24. knee 25. haze
PAGES 34–35: Mixed Analogies 1. c – degree 2. c – sound: homophones 3. a – degree 4. b – sequence 5. c – sound: rhyming 6. b – sequence 7. c – sequence 8. a – sound: homophones 9. d – sound: beginning sounds 10. b – degree 11. c – degree 12. b – sound: rhyming 13. c – sound: homophones 14. b – sequence 15. d – sound: beginning sounds 16. a – sound: beginning sounds 17. b – sequence 18. c – degree 19. a – degree 20. c – sound: homophones
19. d 20. c 21. d
3. 6. 7. 8.
slumber – sequence state – synonyms spiny – characteristics birth – cause/effect DOWN: 1. scout – member/group 2. graze – object/movement 3. spoon – sound relationships 4. vanish – antonyms 5. nasty – degree PAGE 37--------------------------------------------------
1. presence 2. reflect 3. fragile 4. guzzle 5. achieve 6. incite 7. hydrant 8. edible 9. floe 10. sniff 11. decline 12. colony 13.counterfeit
5. 7. 6. 8. 9.
enamel iron fin fiber troposphere
10. c 11. d 12. b
13. a 14. b 15. c
16. d 17. a 18. c
19. b 20. c 21. b
22. lobe, sole 23. peak, sand PAGES 40–41: Object to Place / Place to Object 1. h 5. c 9. p 13. i 2. e 6. a 10. m 14. l 3. f 7. d 11. j 15. n 4. g 8. b 12. o 16. k 17. c 18. b 19. c 29. 30. 31. 32.
20. d 21. a 22. b
23. c 24. b 25. c
26. b 27. b 28. c
Colosseum Mount Rushmore Great Wall Niagara Falls
PAGES 42–43: Letter Relationships 1. belief 2. bleat 3. moisture 4. lever 5. bib 6. fiddle 7. angel 8. ripe 9. a 10. c 11. b
12. b 13. a 14. c
15. b 16. d 17. a
18. d 19. b 20. c
21. drawer 22. strap
PAGES 38–39: Part to Whole / Whole to Part 1. tomato 2. femur 3. note 4. carburetor
6
PAGES 44–45: Mixed Analogies 1. b – letter relationships 2. c – part/whole 3. d – part/whole 4. a – letter relationships 5. c – object/place 6. c – part/whole 7. b – part/whole 8. d – object/place 9. c – place/object 10. c – letter relationships 11. b – part/whole 12. a – letter relationships
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
d – object/place c – letter relationships d – letter relationships b – part/whole a – object/place b – letter relationships c – part/whole b – place/object
PAGES 46–47: Association 1. tango 2. ham 3. Georgia 4. stop 5. butter 6. literature 7. graphology 8. Parade 9. d 10. c 11. a
12. b 13. c 14. b
15. b 16. c 17. d
18. c 19. b 20. c
21. yellow 22. envy
PAGES 54–55: Science 1. d 5. a 9. m 2. e 6. c 10. h 3. b 7. f 11. n 4. g 8. k
PAGES 48–49: Grammar 1. Interjections 2. nouns 3. sentence 4. adverbs 5. preposition 6. Conjunction 7. Nouns 8. clause 9. b 10. c 11. b
12. a 13. c 14. a
15. b 16. d 17. c
15. b 16. a 17. c
18. b 19. d 20. b
PAGES 50–51: Mathematics 1. A century 2. cubic 3. decimals 4. 144 5. more 6. height 7. 1,500 8. 32 12. c 13. a 14. b
21. dollar 22. quart
15. b 16. c 17. d
18. b 19. d 20. b
21. a 22. c 23. c
12. j 13. i 14. l 24. b 25. b 26. a
27. weather 28. life
21. Utah 22. truth
9. c 10. a 11. b
PAGES 52–53: Mixed Analogies 1. c – association 2. b – math 3. c – association 4. b – math 5. d – grammar 6. b – grammar 7. a – association 8. d – association 9. c – math 10. b – association 11. b – association 12. a – math 13. d – math 14. b – grammar 15. d – association 16. a – grammar 17. a – grammar 18. c – math 19. d – association 20. b – association
18. c 19. c 20. b
11. b 12. c 13. c
14. c 15. b 16. c
17. a 18. c 19. d
20. Booth 21. Truman PAGES 60–61: Mixed Analogies 1. b – history 2. c – history 3. a – science 4. c – history 5. d – geography 6. d – geography 7. a – science 8. b – history 9. a – science 10. d – geography 11. b – science 12. c – history 13. a – geography 14. d – science 15. d – science 16. b – science 17. c – history 18. c – geography 19. b – history 20. b – science PAGES 62–63: Review (pages 38–61) PAGE 62-------------------------------------------------ACROSS:
PAGES 56–57: Geography CROSS OUT: 1. longitude, forest 2. pinnacle, tundra 3. pond, desert 4. marshy, sunken 5. prairie, swamp 6. nuclear, erosion 7. glacier, fathom 8. b 9. d 10. a
8. c 9. d 10. b
11. c 12. b 13. c
14. d 15. d 16. c
17. c 18. c 19. c
20. wheat 21. hogs PAGES 58–59: U.S. History 1. patriot 2. forty-third 3. Maryland 4. Revolutionary War 5. before 6. after 7. after
7
1. 4. 6. 8.
passport – association peninsula – geography web – object/place battle – letter relationships DOWN: 1. panda – science 2. steamboat – history 3. dollar – math 5. sleeve – part/whole 7. flag – history PAGE 63--------------------------------------------------
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
verb colonies trifle centennial teaspoon connect trunk hand kimono now orator hurricane quiver
O G L I E A N A 1 2 S AND
◗ synonyms
◗ member / group
◗ math
◗ antonyms
◗ cause / effect
◗ science
◗ characteristics
◗ sound relationships
◗ geography
◗ part / whole
◗ letter relationships
◗ computers and technology
◗ degree
◗ object / movement
◗ history
◗ association
◗ object / place
◗ Greek and Latin roots
◗ sequence
◗ grammar
◗ worker / tool
◗ literature
◗ sports and games
◗ government and law
Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 E-Mail:
[email protected] Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback Educational Publishing grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems. ISBN 1-56254-735-6 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
