Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary (Resources for Biblical Study)

BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Resources for Biblical Study Edited by Be...

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BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY

SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Resources for Biblical Study Edited by Beverly R. Gaventa

Number 43 BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY Third Edition

by Robert E. Van Voorst

BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY Third Edition

Robert E. Van Voorst

Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta

BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY Third Edition by Robert E. Van Voorst Copyright © 1990 by Robert E. Van Voorst Revisions to second edition copyright © 1999 by the Society of Biblical Literature; Revisions to the third edition copyright © 2001 by the Society of Biblical Literature. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Ofﬁce, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Van Voorst, Robert E. Building your New Testament Greek vocabulary / by Robert E. Van Voorst.--3rd ed. pp. cm. -- (Resources for biblical study). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88414-042-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Greek language, Biblical--Vocabulary. 2. Bible. N.T.--Language, style. I. Title. II. Series. PA863 .V36 2001 487'.4--dc21 00-054920 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.

To My Father Robert Van Voorst To the Memory of My Mother Donna Van Voorst ÉEn ˜l˙ kard¤& dÒjason tÚn pat°ra sou ka‹ mht°ra: t‹ éntapod≈seiw aÈto›w kay∆w aÈto‹ so¤;

Contents Preface ..........................................................................................................ix I. Guide to Using This Book ................................................................. 1 II. Basic Principles of Greek Word Building ....................................... 4 Word Building by Derivation ............................................................... 4 Word Building by Composition ........................................................... 7 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 10 III. New Testament Greek Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ..................................................................................... 12 A. Families with one or more words occurring 400 or more times.......................................................................... 12 B. Families with one or more words occurring 155–399 times ............................................................................... 19 C. Families with one or more words occurring 100–154 times ............................................................................... 25 D. Families with one or more words occurring 50–99 times ................................................................................... 32 E. Families with one or more words occurring 26–49 times ................................................................................... 41 F. Families with one or more words occurring 10–25 times ................................................................................... 51 G. Families with one or more words occurring 5–9 times ....................................................................................... 63 IV. New Testament Greek Vocabulary without Cognate, Listed by Frequency ........................................................................ 68 A. Words occurring 400 or more times.............................................. 68 B. Words occurring 155–399 times ................................................... 68 C. Words occurring 100–154 times ................................................... 69 D. Words occurring 50–99 times ....................................................... 69 vii

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary E. Words occurring 26–49 times ....................................................... 70 F. Words occurring 10–25 times ....................................................... 71 G. Words occurring 5–9 times ........................................................... 75 V. Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs.......................................... 81 VI. Helps for Verb Analysis .................................................................. 86 A. Principal Parts, Tense Systems and Aspects of the Regular Verb ................................................................................. 86 B. Elements of Verb Structure for Parsing......................................... 88 C. Principal Parts of Common Verbs, Arranged by Type.................. 89 VII. Helps for Translating aujtov~ and Similar Words......................... 94 VIII. Prepositions ...................................................................................... 96 IX. Conjunctions, Negatives and Adverbs ........................................... 98 X. Numbers ......................................................................................... 100 Index to Parts Two and Three ................................................................ 103

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Preface Learning a Greek vocabulary large enough for rapid reading of the New Testament is a daunting task. While a good knowledge of Greek grammar can be gained in a year of study, New Testament vocabulary typically demands much longer attention. This book seeks to aid in this task by enabling the student to build a vocabulary of New Testament Greek by using the principles of word formation and by drawing on the cognate relationships of most New Testament Greek words. For more than two generations the best tool for learning the Greek vocabulary of the New Testament has been Bruce M. Metzger’s Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek.1 This helpful book has been the standard in its ﬁeld, and rightly so. Still, Lexical Aids has shortcomings. Using its lists of 1067 words organized by frequency in the New Testament, the student sees no cognate relationships between words; most memorization is rote.2 Metzger does also list 690 words, many in addition to those in the frequency lists, by cognate. But because this cognate list does not include even half the words that are in the frequency list, it is unsuitable for comprehensive vocabulary learning. Moreover, my practice and that of other teachers using Lexical Aids has been to assign the frequency lists with some thoroughness, but the cognate list only occasionally. Hence the need for one format combining frequency and cognate, a format that can enable the student to memorize Greek vocabulary as easily as possible and in a pedagogically sound manner. Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary is organized as follows: Part One is a guide to using this book and is directed especially to the student. Part Two is an outline of the basic principles of word building. It should be studied with some care before the student proceeds to the cognate lists in Part Three, as a knowledge of the rudiments of word building will make memorizing vocabulary easier and more effective. 1

1st ed., 1946; 3d ed., Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998. Computer software programs for learning biblical Greek vocabulary are also based on frequency. 2

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Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary Each word that appears ﬁve or more times in the New Testament appears once in Part Three or Part Four, in Part Three if it has any cognate(s) that also appear ﬁve or more times in the New Testament, in Part Four if it does not. The words in Part Three are arranged by cognate families in six sections according to the frequency of the most recurrent word in each family. Each word is given a basic English deﬁnition based on New Testament usage, and its frequency in the New Testament is listed. Occasionally a well-known English derivative is given to aid in memorization.3 The lists in Part Four of those Greek words appearing ﬁve or more times in the New Testament without common cognates are also divided into six frequency groups. As in Part Three, basic English deﬁnitions and occasional English derivatives are given, and the frequency of each word is listed. The two sections listing words occurring ﬁve to nine times (III.G. and IV.G.) can be left aside by those who want to omit learning words of such low frequency that do not have more common cognates. Also, the frequency of each word in the cognate lists (Part Three) is noted, so that the teacher can assign for study any given frequency of Greek words. The student should alternate between the corresponding sections of Parts Three and Four until both parts have been completed. As an aid to learning, each frequency section is divided into groups of about 20 to 30 words, which seems to be a good number to learn at one sitting. Part Five gives helps for verb analysis, including lists of the principal parts of the different types of verb. Part Six lists prepositions, both proper and improper. Part Seven lists conjunctions and adverbs, and Part Eight lists number-words. All of these words appear in Parts Three and Four, but they are presented together again for the beneﬁt of the student. I have drawn the deﬁnitions in Parts Three and Four from the third edition of A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (hereafter BDAG), using the succinct (not the expanded) deﬁnitions and keeping closely to the New Testament usage.4 For counting frequency 3

Metzger also includes a good number of English derivatives in his lists. However, many of these words are unfamiliar to most students, even though they are words that students of Bible and theology should learn (e.g., “hamartiology,” “macarism,” “thaumaturge”). This use of unfamiliar words violates the pedagogical principle that the unfamiliar (here Greek words) should be learned via the familiar (their English derivatives). I have endeavored to restrict the derivatives to more familiar words. 4 By W. Bauer; revised and edited by F. W. Danker. Chicago and London: University

x

Preface I have used the Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece.5 This concordance is based on the twenty-sixth edition of the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece,6 the text (but not the textual apparatus) of which is identical to that of the third edition of the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament.7 In determining cognate relationships, I have used as ﬁnal authorities E. Boisacq’s Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque8 and H. Frisk’s Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch.9 I should like to thank here those who helped this project along in various ways. Professor George Landes of Union Theological Seminary (New York) encouraged and advised me as I began this book; it is patterned somewhat upon his Student’s Vocabulary of Biblical Hebrew Listed according to Frequency and Cognate.10 My secretary at Lycoming College, Sheran Swank, did a most skillful job of putting the challenging manuscript of the ﬁrst edition on disk. My student assistant, Jeremy Owens, compiled the original index and read the proofs. Several people wrote me to offer suggestions for improvement, many of which were incorporated in the second edition. I extend my appreciation to Eugene Boring of Texas Christian University, Francis Gignac of the Catholic University of America, and Richard Carlson of Lutheran Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, for their particularly extensive, careful comments. My thanks also are extended to Professor Beverly Gaventa of Princeton Theological Seminary, editor of the SBL’s Resources for Biblical Studies series, for accepting this book for Scholars Press publication. Her peer-review committee made several helpful suggestions for the second edition. My student assistant, Daven Oskvig, helped to compile the new material in the second edition. For the third edition, Bill Pinches, a doctoral candidate in New Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary, made many corrections and additions to the word lists in Parts Three and Four, and also contributed of Chicago Press, 2000. Copyright © 1957, 1979, 2000 by the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Used by permission. 5 Third edition. Berlin: DeGruyter, 1987. 6 Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1979. 7 Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, 1983. 8 Heidelberg: Winter; Paris: Klincksieck, 1938. 9 Heidelberg: Winter, 1960. 10 New York: Scribners, 1961; now published by the Society of Biblical Literature under the title Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary.

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Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary the list in Part Five. I owe him a special expression of gratitude for his kind, careful work. I also thank Rachel Brownson for reading the proofs of the third edition, and Western Theological Seminary for providing the funds for proofreading. While all these have made this a better book, I alone am responsible for its errors. I would be grateful if those who use this book would continue to be so kind as to share their suggestions for improvement with me. This edition features, in addition to the correction of miscellaneous mistakes, the following main additions: • A new section listing proper nouns, adjectives and adverbs that occur ﬁve or more times; • A new section, “Helps for Translating aÈtÒw and Similar Words”; • All deﬁnitions have been compared to the new edition of the GreekEnglish Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, and revised where necessary. My special thanks go, as always, to my wife, Mary, and our sons, Richard and Nicholas, for their constant love and encouragement that make scholarship a happier task. The quotation in the dedication is excerpted from Sirach 7:27-28: “With all your heart honor your father and mother; what can you give back to them that equals what they have given to you?” Robert E. Van Voorst

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Part One

Guide to Using This Book In a year’s course of studying Greek grammar, students learn at most several hundred Greek words, usually as a part of each lesson in their textbook. But when they come to read the New Testament they ﬁnd that this vocabulary is woefully inadequate for reading it with any speed or conﬁdence. Often they spend more time looking up unknown words in the lexicon than directly reading the text itself, and they soon get discouraged. At this point in studying Greek, several hundred other words should be learned, and the more the better. Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary is designed to help the student of New Testament Greek cross that gap by learning all the words that occur ﬁve or more times in the New Testament. Such a vocabulary of New Testament Greek is sufﬁcient for rapid, conﬁdent reading of the text. Part One is directed especially to the student as a brief guide to using this book to the fullest advantage in building a large vocabulary of Greek. This book combines the frequency method of listing vocabulary (based on the number of times a word occurs in the New Testament) with the cognate method (based on word families). Cognates are understood here to be words that are related to each other by their possession of a common element, usually called a stem or root, and that are therefore related in meaning as well. Words that are cognate make up a word family. To take an example from English, the words “believe,” “belief,” “unbelief,” “believable,” “believer,” etc., are all obviously cognates. They share the root “believ-,” and make up a family of words. Words in any language do not grow willy-nilly; they are formed in certain regular patterns, and to know the patterns employed in Greek word building is greatly to simplify the tedious process of memorizing New Testament vocabulary. Therefore, the student should carefully study Part Two, “Basic Principles of Greek Word Building,” before proceeding to the word lists. Each cognate group is organized as follows: Each entry in the group has a Greek word, its English deﬁnition, an English derivative where helpful, 1

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary and a frequency number. The English deﬁnition is very basic, and is not at all intended to be comprehensive; for full deﬁnitions and nuance, a lexicon should be consulted. Where an English derivative is given, it can be used as an aid to memorizing the particular Greek word from which it comes, but can also sometimes be used to remember other words in the cognate group as well. Finally, the frequency number can be noted but need not be remembered. Each cognate group begins with the most frequent word, which is in bold type. The group generally proceeds from there in alphabetical order, but not in a strictly uniform way, because very similar words are kept together for ease in memorization regardless of their alphabetical order. The frequency lists in Part Four have the same basic entries as the frequency and cognate lists in Part Three: the Greek word, its deﬁnition, a derivative where helpful, and the frequency number. The Greek words in this part are not necessarily without any cognates in the New Testament, but those cognates that occur do so less than ﬁve times. The frequency lists in Part Four are organized according to the same rates of frequency as the lists in Part Three, and the student should alternate between the corresponding sections of Parts Three and Four. The New Testament contains 1738 words that occur ﬁve or more times, all of which are listed here. (This does not include nouns that are always proper.) Of these 1738 words, about 78% can be placed with cognates also occurring ﬁve or more times. If the student omits parts III.G. and IV.G., which list most of the words occurring 5–9 times (those that have not been grouped with more frequent cognates), the percentage of words remaining listed with cognates rises to 87%. That the great majority of New Testament Greek vocabulary can thus be listed and learned together with cognates more than compensates for the disadvantage of having to consult two sets of lists. Although each student must ﬁnd a system for learning vocabulary that works well for her or him, these suggestions may be helpful: (1) Begin by studying the words in this book as they are listed in their word families. Note their relationships to each other as far as these are evident. Take care to distinguish very similar words, which you will see in the cognate lists. Use the margins of the pages to make notes about the words studied. (2) When learning Greek words, repeat the word aloud several times. Pronouncing and hearing the words will help in memorizing them. Take care 2

Guide to Using This Book to accent the right syllable, and when repeating words keep the accent on this syllable. Not doing so complicates the task. (3) In addition to saying the words aloud, write them out several times. Write and pronounce them together. The more ways that words are impressed on the memory, the more complete memorization will be. (4) Note the English derivatives when they are given. The meaning of the English word will be suggestive of the meaning of the Greek word. Learn the Greek word by way of the actual English derivative before resorting to other, nonsensical associations with English words. (5) Some students ﬁnd ﬂash cards helpful. While commercially printed cards are available, it is best to write out one’s own. Keep them in cognate groups, especially at ﬁrst. Then they can be rearranged as one goes along so that more attention is devoted to new and difﬁcult words. (6) Words that stubbornly resist memorization—which happens to almost every student, and for no easily discernible reason—can often be learned by memorizing a short, familiar phrase from the Greek New Testament in which these words occur. (7) Using one’s actual knowledge of Greek words and the principles of word formation, the student can often make an intelligent preliminary guess about the meaning of unfamiliar words, especially the words of very low frequency not presented in this book. Such guesses should, of course, be soon checked against the lexicon. (8) Constant review is essential to work Greek vocabulary from short-term memory into long-term memory.

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Part Two

Basic Principles of Greek Word Building The Greek language builds words in rather regular patterns. To know these patterns is to lighten greatly the chore of memorizing vocabulary, especially when memorizing cognate words. We will consider here only the most basic principles of word formation necessary for learning vocabulary. Those who desire more detail should consult a standard Greek grammar.1 The two most frequent methods of building words are derivation and composition.

Word Building by Derivation In derivation sufﬁxes are added to a word stem to form different cognate words. For example, to the stem basil-, which carries the notion of “rule, kingship,” is added the nominal sufﬁx -euw to make basileÊw, “king”; the verbal sufﬁx -euv to make basileÊv, “I rule, am king”; and the adjectival sufﬁx -ikow to make basilikÒw, “royal.” In the course of this adding of sufﬁxes the ﬁnal part of the stem often undergoes various changes. The rules that govern these changes will not be discussed here, because students who have had some Greek grammar are already familiar with many of these changes as they appear in other contexts, and at any rate the stem is almost always recognizable. The charts that follow give the typical signiﬁcance of the most important sufﬁxes used in building the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. Some uses of sufﬁxes will vary from this typical signiﬁcance, but most adhere to it. The left-hand column lists the sufﬁxes; sufﬁxes for adjectives are in the 1

For example, H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar (revised edition; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1956) 225–54; or F. Blass and A. Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, ed. R. W. Funk (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961) 58–68. It is interesting to note that Blass-DebrunnerFunk’s Greek Grammar can give a full discussion of word formation without any discussion of roots. The best treatment, and the one relied on here, is by J. H. Moulton and W. F. Howard, A Grammar of New Testament Greek, vol. 2, Accidence and Word Formation (Edinburgh: Clark, 1928) 267–410.

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Basic Principles of Greek Word Building nominative case and the masculine gender only, for reasons of space. The middle column gives the typical signiﬁcance of each sufﬁx. The right-hand column gives well-known words from the New Testament as examples of how particular sufﬁxes join stems to build cognate words.2

A. Nominal Sufﬁxes Sufﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

Example from the New Testament

-ow

person, thing

yeÒw god, God

-thw -thr -euw

person, agent

kritÆw judge (cf. kr¤nv, I judge) svtÆr savior (cf. s–zv, I save) basileÊw king (cf. basileÊv, I am king)

-tiw -siw -ia

activity

p¤stiw faith (cf. pisteÊv, I believe) kr¤siw judging (cf. kr¤nv) oﬁkonom¤a management, task (cf. oﬁkonom°v, I manage)

-ma

result of an activity

grãmma letter (cf. grãfv, I write)

-ia -sia

abstraction, quality

svthr¤a salvation (cf. s–zv) §kklhs¤a church (cf. §kkal°v, I call out) dikaiosÊnh righteousness (cf. dikaiÒv, I justify) basile¤a kingdom, rule (cf. basileÊv)

-sunh -eia

2

Although we speak of “building” words from the “stem,” note that these stems (which some grammarians call “roots”) probably never had any existence apart from the words in their families. Stems or roots are abstractions from existing words, made for linguistic purposes. What T. O. Lambdin says about Hebrew roots is applicable to the Greek language: “The root is a grammatical abstraction from [cognate] words and not vice-versa; that is, because a root has no existence apart from its incorporation into words, it leads to a misunderstanding of the nature of language to say that words are derived from the root” (Introduction to Biblical Hebrew [New York: Scribners, 1971] 18). If this is recognized, the notion of stems/roots can be used as a valid grammatical construct in studying word formation and learning the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament.

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Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary Sufﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

-othw -ion -idion

Example from the New Testament neÒthw youth, young age (cf. nean¤aw, young man) paid¤on infant (cf. pa›w, child) biblar¤dion little book (cf. b¤blow, book) nean¤skow young man, boy (cf. nean¤aw)

diminution

-iskow

B. Adjectival Sufﬁxes Sufﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

Example from the New Testament

-iow

possession

t¤miow honorable (cf. timÆ, honor)

-ikow

belonging to

pneumatikÒw spiritual (cf. pneËma, spirit)

-inow

material, type

sãrkinow made of ﬂesh, ﬂeshly (cf. sãrj, ﬂesh) xrÊseow golden (cf. xrus¤on, gold)

no deﬁnite meaning beyond a general quality or attribute

kalÒw good, beautiful tuflÒw blind gumnÒw naked nekrÒw dead plÆrhw full

-eow -ow -low -(a)now -row -hw, -ew

C. Adverbial Sufﬁxes Sufﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

Example from the New Testament

-vw (by far manner the most common)

dika¤vw justly, righteously (cf. d¤kaiow, just)

-yen

from where

§ke›yen from there (cf. §ke›, there)

-ist¤

in what language

ÑEllhnist¤ in Greek

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Basic Principles of Greek Word Building

D. Verbal Sufﬁxes Sufﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

Example from the New Testament

-v -°v -ãv -mi

state or action

êgv I lead poi°v I make, do timãv I honor par¤sthmi I am present

-ãzv -¤zv -eÊv

action

xrãzv I cry out bapt¤zv I baptize douleÊv I serve (as a slave)

-Òv -Ênv -a¤nv

causation

doulÒv I enslave aﬁsxÊnv I make ashamed leuka¤nv I make white

Word Building by Composition A compound word is formed by the joining of two or more words. English does not form compounds as readily as did Hellenistic Greek, in which word formation through composition was very common. The great majority of compound words in the New Testament are compound verbs. Compound verbs have a preposition as their ﬁrst member and a verb as the second member. The precise nuance that the preposition adds to the verb varies, because the meaning of the preposition is often modiﬁed by the verb it joins. In addition to a local force (showing direction), several prepositions also sometimes strengthen or perfect the force of verbs with which they are compounded. English has a few examples of this: “eat” is strengthened in “eat up,” “swallow” in “swallow down,” etc. The student should be aware, though, that by Hellenistic times some of these perfectives had lost the force they originally may have had. Failure to recognize this when it occurs leads to “overtranslating” the verb. For example, one of the meanings of fil°v is “I kiss,” but the compound verb katafil°v does not signify an especially intense kiss. Here (as always) usage is determinative, for which a good lexicon should be consulted. The prepositions most often used as perfectives are: sun-, kata-, éna-, épo-, and §k-. They are translated in the chart below with “thoroughly” and have their own example on a separate line. 7

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

A. Compound Verbs with Prepositional Preﬁxes Preﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance Example(s) from the New Testament

éna- (én-)

up, again; thoroughly

énaba¤nv I go up, embark énazht°v I search after

énti- (ént-, ény-)

against, instead of

éntil°gv I object to, oppose

épo- (ép-, éf-)

away from; thoroughly

épost°llv I send away épÒllumi I destroy

dia- (di-)

through, between

di°rxomai I go through

eﬁw-

into, in

eﬁsãgv I lead into

§k- (§j-)

out of, from; thoroughly

§j°rxomai I go out §kzht°v I search out

§n- (§g-, §m-)

in, into

¶neimi I am in, am inside

§pi- (§p-, §f-) on, upon

§pikal°v I call upon

kata- (kat-, kay-)

down, against; thoroughly

kataba¤nv I go down, disembark katesy¤v I eat up, devour

meta- (met-, mey-)

with, after

metano°v I repent (implies change)

para- (par-)

beside, near

pãreimi I am near

peri-

round, about

perit°mnv I circumcise (literally “cut around”)

pro-

before (of time or place)

pro°rxomai I go before

pros-

to; nearby

prosãgv I bring to; I come near

sun- (sug-, with, together; sul-, sum-) thoroughly

sunãgv I gather together sullambãnv I seize, catch

Íper-

over, above

Íperorãv I overlook, neglect

Ípo-

under

Ípotãssv I put under, subject

8

Basic Principles of Greek Word Building The meaning that prepositional prefixes contribute to verbs can be illustrated by the many compounds in the New Testament of bãllv, “I put, place, throw.” épobãllv means “I throw off.” §kbãllv is “I throw out,” hence “I expel.” §pibãllv means “I lay upon.” katabãllv means “I throw down,” in the middle voice “I found, lay,” especially used of laying a foundation. “I put around, clothe” is peribãllv. probãllv is “I put forward, put out.” The meaning of sumbãllv is not readily apparent; it is “I converse, consider, meet.” The parts of this compound are hinted at by BDAG, which suggests that sum + ballv is paralleled by our modern colloquial expression, “get it all together.” Finally, Íperbãllv is “I go beyond, surpass, outdo.”

B. Compounds with Adverbial Preﬁxes Compound words of all types can be formed by preﬁxing an adverbial particle or an independent adverb to a word or stem. The chief adverbial preﬁxes used in forming compounds in the New Testament are: Preﬁx

Typical Signiﬁcance

Example(s) from the New Testament

é- (én-) not, un-, dis(by far the most common)

êdikow unjust épist°v I disbelieve, am unfaithful

eÈ-

well, good

eÈagg°lion good news, gospel eÈerget°v I do good

dus-

hard, un-, mis-

dusent°rion dysentery

C. Compound Nouns and Adjectives Compound nouns and adjectives are also formed by joining two words, one of which is usually a noun. As in word building by derivation, changes often occur in the words joined. In compound nouns and adjectives this change almost always occurs at or near the point of conjunction. Fortunately for the student of Greek vocabulary, the two members of the compound are usually recognizable despite these changes, and we will not look directly at the separate members here. But for understanding compounds of all sorts, each

9

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary member of the compound must be understood and taken into account.3 The two members of compound nouns and adjectives can be viewed as standing in various case relationships with each other. Most obvious is an accusative case relationship, where one member of the compound receives the action of the other as its “direct object”: nomodidãskalow teacher of the law pantokrãtvr ruler of all, hence “the Almighty” oﬁkodespÒthw ruler of a house érxisunãgvgow ruler of a synagogue A dative case relationship may also be apparent: eﬁdvlÒyutow sacriﬁced to idols yeod¤daktow taught by God Many compounds show a nominative case relationship. That is, the members of the compound stand in a predicate relationship, with the ﬁrst usually describing the second: monogenÆw unique, only, one-of-a-kind érxiereÊw chief priest, high priest ceudoprofÆthw false prophet

Conclusion To sum up this treatment of word building, perhaps it would be helpful to offer a rather comprehensive example of word building by both derivation and composition from one root. The root we shall employ is dik, which in its word family signiﬁes “right, just.” Note how this stem joins the preﬁxes and sufﬁxes listed above to form a whole family of words. (Not all word families are as full and well-formed as this, but this one is highly illustrative of the process.) Nouns formed by derivation and composition are: d¤kh punishment, justice dikastÆw judge dikaiosÊnh justice, righteousness dika¤vma righteous deed 3

In the word lists, compound verbs are listed by the second element, the verb. All other compounds are generally listed by the ﬁrst element.

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Basic Principles of Greek Word Building dika¤vsiw justiﬁcation, acquittal édik¤a unrighteousness éd¤khma sin, crime §kd¤khsiw retribution, punishment dikaiokris¤a righteous judgment Adjectives formed from this root greatly resemble the nouns: d¤kaiow just, righteous êdikow unjust, unrighteous ÍpÒdikow responsible to, answerable to The verbs of this word family are: dikaiÒv I justify, pronounce righteous édik°v I wrong, do harm §kdik°v I avenge, punish katadikãzv I condemn Finally, the adverbs are: dika¤vw justly, righteously éd¤kvw unjustly, unrighteously

11

Part Three

New Testament Greek Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate III. A. Families with One or More Words Occurring 400 or More Times 1. ékoÊv ékoÆ, -∞w, ≤ eﬁsakoÊv ÍpakoÊv ÍpakoÆ, -∞w, ≤

I hear hearing, ear, report I listen to I obey obedience

(acoustic)

430 24 5 21 15

————— éllã êllow, -h, -o éllÆlvn éllÒtriow, -¤a, -on éllãssv katallãssv

but, rather, yet another, other each other, one another belonging to another, strange I change I reconcile

(alien)

638 155 100 14 6 6

————— ênyrvpow, -ou, ı ényr≈pinow, -h -on

human being, person

(anthropology)

human

551 7

————— aÈtÒw, -Æ, -Ò •autoË, -∞w, -oË §jaut∞w

he, she, it; himself, herself, itself; even, very; same himself, herself, itself at once, immediately ————— 12

(automobile)

5601 321 6

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate g¤nomai parag¤nomai gennãv geneã, -çw, ≤ g°nesiw, -evw, ≤ g°now, -ouw, tÒ gone›w, -°vn, oﬂ monogenÆw, -°w suggenÆw, -°w

I am, become, happen I come, am present I beget family, generation beginning race, stock parents only, unique related, akin to

(genealogy) (genesis) (genus)

670 37 97 43 5 21 20 9 9

————— 2. d¤dvmi d«ron, -ou, tÒ dvreã, -çw, ≤ dvreãn épod¤dvmi éntapod¤dvmi §pid¤dvmi metad¤dvmi parad¤dvmi parãdosiw, -evw, ≤

I give gift gift, bounty freely I give away, give up; I render I repay, return I deliver, give away I impart, share I hand over, hand down, entrust handing over, tradition

(cf. dose) (Dorothy)

415 19 11 9 48 7 9 5 119 13

————— §g≈1 §mÒw, -Æ, -Òn §mautoË, -∞w ≤m°terow, -a, -on

I my, mine myself our

(ego) (cf. me, my)

2666 76 37 8

————— eﬁ e‡te §ãn

if if, whether if

513 65 351

————— The inflected forms of §g≈—§moË, §mo¤, etc.—are more clearly cognate to the rest of the words in this group than is §g≈. 1

13

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary eﬁm¤ êpeimi pãreimi parous¤a, -aw, ≤ §jous¤a, -aw, ≤ ¶jesti ˆntvw ¶ni

I am I am absent I am present presence, coming power, authority it is permitted, possible really, certainly, in truth there is (used only after a negative)

(cf. am)

(parousia)

2461 7 24 24 102 32 10 6

————— 3. eﬁw ¶sv ¶svyen

into, in in, inside inside, within; from within

(eisegesis) (esoteric)

1768 9 12

————— §k, before vowels §j §ktÒw ¶jv ¶jvyen

from, out of

(exhale)

outside outside, out from the outside, outside

(ectoplasm)

916 8 63 13

————— ¶rxomai ép°rxomai di°rxomai eﬁs°rxomai §j°rxomai §p°rxomai kat°rxomai par°rxomai pro°rxomai pros°rxomai sun°rxomai

I come, go I go away I go through I enter I go out, come out I come, come upon I come down I go by, (pass.) I pass away I go forward, go before I go to, approach I come with, go with, assemble

636 118 43 194 218 9 16 30 9 86 30

————— 4. ¶xv én°xomai

I have, hold I endure 14

711 15

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ép°xv •j∞w §p°xv kat°xv met°xv m°toxow, -on par°xv pros°xv sun°xv Íper°xv kayej∞w

I receive; I am distant; I abstain on the next day I hold fast; I aim at I hold back, hold fast I share, participate in sharing in I give, cause I pay attention I hold fast, oppress, attack I surpass in order, one after the other

19 5 5 18 8 6 16 24 12 5 5

————— ·na ﬂnat¤

in order that, that why?

663 6

————— ka¤ kég≈ ka¤per kéke› kéke›yen kéke›now, -h, -o kên

and, also, likewise and I, but I although and there and from there and that one, and he and if, even if, if only

9164 84 5 10 10 22 17

————— katã

kãtv

(with gen.) down, against; (with acc.) according to, along below, downward

(catalytic)

476

9

————— kÊriow, -ou, ı kurieÊv

master, lord, the Lord I am lord, I lord it over

(Kyrie)

719 7

————— 5. l°gv lÒgow, -ou, ı log¤zomai

I say, tell word, Word I reckon, think 15

(legend) (theology)

2358 330 41

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary éntil°gv épolog°omai épolog¤a, -aw, ≤ dial°gomai diãlektow, -ou, ≤ dialog¤zomai dialogismÒw, -oË, ı §kl°gomai §klektÒw, -Æ, -Òn §klogÆ, -∞w, ≤ eÈlog°v eÈloghtÒw, -Æ, -Òn eÈlog¤a, -aw, ≤ ımolog°v ımolog¤a, -aw, ≤ §jomolog°omai prol°gv sull°gv

I object to I defend myself defense, reply I discuss, speak language I consider, reason thought, doubt, dispute I choose, select chosen, select election I bless blessed, praised praise, blessing I confess confession I confess I tell beforehand I collect

(apologetics) (dialogue) (dialect)

(eclectic)

(eulogy)

(prologue)

11 10 8 13 6 16 14 22 22 7 42 8 16 26 6 10 15 8

————— mÆ mhd° mhde¤w, -dem¤a, -d°n mhk°ti mÆpote mÆte mÆti

not and not, but not no one, nothing

1043 56 89

no longer that not, lest and not, neither, nor (a usually untranslated particle in questions that expect a negative answer)

22 25 34 18

————— 6. metã metajÊ

(with gen.) with; (with acc.) after, behind between —————

16

473 (metaphysics) 9

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ı, ≤, tÒ ˜de, ¥de, tÒde œde

the this here

19904 10 61 —————

ırãv ˜rama, -atow, tÒ éÒratow, -on

I see (a supernatural) vision unseen, invisible

(panorama)

449 12 5

————— ˜w, ¥, ˜ oÂow, -a, -on ˜sow, -h, -on ˜stiw, ¥tiw, ˜ ti ˜te ˜ti o ˜yen

who, which, what of what sort, such as as great, how great; as far, how far who, whoever when that, because, since where, whither from where

1365 15 110 148 103 1297 54 15

————— oÈ, oÈk, oÈx oÈd° oÈde¤w, -em¤a, -°n oÈd°pote oÈk°ti oÎpv oÎte oÈx¤ §jouyen°v

no, not and not, nor; neither, nor no one, nothing never no more, no longer not yet neither, nor not I despise, reject

(utopia)

1613 144 234 16 47 26 87 53 11

————— 7. otow, aÏth, toËto oÏtvw

this

1391

in this manner, thus, so

208

————— pçw, pçsa, pçn ëpaw, -asa, -an

all, every all, every

(panorama)

17

1244 34

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary pantaxoË pãntvw pantokrãtvr, -ou, ≤

everywhere certainly the Almighty

7 8 10

————— patÆr, patrÒw, ı patr¤w, -¤dow, ≤

father

(patristics)

fatherland, hometown

(patriot)

414 8

————— poi°v peripo¤hsiw, -evw, ≤ poihtÆw, -oË, ı xeiropo¤htow, -on zƒopoi°v

I do, make preserving, possessing doer, maker made by human hands I make alive

568 5 (poet)

6 6 11

————— polÊw, pollÆ, polÊ pollãkiw

much, many

(polygamy)

many times, often

418 18

————— prÒw ¶mprosyen

(with dat.) near, at; (with acc.) to, toward (adverb) in front, ahead; (prep., with gen.) in front of, before

(prosthetic)

699 48

————— sÊ seautoË sÒw, sÆ, sÒn Ím°terow, -a, -on

you yourself your, yours your

2913 43 27 11

————— t¤w, t¤ tiw, ti

who? which one? what? anyone, anything; someone, something 18

555 526

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate kayÒti

as, because

6

————— …w kay≈w …saÊtvw …se¤ Àsper Àste

as, like, so as, just as likewise as, like (just) as therefore, so that

504 182 17 21 36 83

III. B. Families with One or More Words Occurring 155–399 Times 1. êggelow, -ou, ı énagg°llv épagg°llv §paggel¤a, -aw, ≤ §pagg°llomai eÈaggel¤zomai eÈagg°lion, -ou, tÒ katagg°llv paragg°llv paraggel¤a, -aw, ≤

angel, messenger I announce, proclaim I report, proclaim promise I promise I preach the Good News the Good News, Gospel I proclaim I command command

(angel)

(evangelize) (evangelical)

176 14 45 52 15 54 76 18 32 5

————— ëgiow, -ia, -on ègiãzv ègiasmÒw, -oË, ı

holy I make holy, sanctify holiness, sanctification

233 28 10

————— édelfÒw, -oË, ı édelfÆ, -∞w, ≤

brother sister

(cf. Philadelphia) 343 26 —————

èmart¤a, -aw, ≤ èmartãnv èmartvlÒw, -Òn

sin I sin sinful

173 43 47 ————— 19

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ên ˜tan

(an untranslatable conditional particle) whenever, when

167 123

————— épokr¤nomai kr¤nv énakr¤nv diakr¤nv katakr¤nv kr¤ma, -atow, tÒ kr¤siw, -evw, ≤ kritÆw, -oË, ı ÍpÒkrisiw, -evw, ≤ ÍpokritÆw, -oË, ı énupÒkritow, -on

I answer, reply I judge I question, examine I differentiate; (mid.) I doubt I condemn judgment, condemnation judging, judgment judge hypocrisy hypocrite genuine, sincere

(crime) (crisis) (critic) (hypocrisy) (hypocrite)

232 115 16 19 18 28 47 19 6 18 6

————— basile¤a, -aw, ≤ basileËw, -°vw, ı basileÊv basilikÒw, -Æ, -Òn

kingdom, reign king I rule royal

(basilica)

162 115 21 5

————— 2. g∞, g∞w, ≤ gevrgÒw, -oË, ı §p¤geiow

earth farmer earthly

(geology) (George)

250 19 7

(cf. know)

222 25 29 15 9 32 22 44 20 5

————— gin≈skv gnvr¤zv gn«siw, -evw, ≤ gnvstÒw, -Æ, -Òn gn≈mh, -hw, ≤ énagin≈skv égno°v §pigin≈skv §p¤gnvsiw, -evw, ≤ progin≈skv

I know I make known, reveal knowledge known purpose, opinion I read I do not know I know, understand knowledge, understanding I know beforehand 20

(gnostic)

(agnostic)

(cf. prognosis)

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— grãfv grafÆ, -∞w, ≤ grãmma, -atow, tÒ grammateÊw, -°vw, ı §pigrãfv §pigrafÆ, -∞w, ≤

I write writing letter (of the alphabet), writing scribe I write on inscription

(graph) (grammar)

191 51 14 64

(epigraph)

5 5

————— dÒja, -hw, ≤ dojãzv dok°v dÒgma, -atow, tÒ dokimÆ, -∞w, ≤ dÒkimow, -on édÒkimow, -on dokimãzv épodokimãzv eÈdok°v eÈdok¤a, -aw, ≤ suneudok°v

glory, brightness, splendor I praise, honor, glorify I think, believe; I seem decree; doctrine character approved, genuine worthless I test, examine, approve I reject I am pleased with goodwill, favor I agree with, approve of

(doxology) (docetism) (dogma)

166 61 63 5 7 7 8 22 9 21 9 6

————— 3. dÊnamai dÊnamiw, -evw, ≤ dunatÒw, -Æ, -Òn édÊnatow, -on §ndunamÒv

I can power, strength powerful powerless I strengthen; (pass.) I become strong

(dynamic) (dynamite)

210 119 32 10 7

————— §ke›now, -h, -o §ke› §ke›yen

that there, to that place from there —————

21

265 105 37

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ¶rgon, -ou, tÒ §rgãzomai §rgas¤a, -aw, ≤ §rgãthw, -ou, ı §n°rgeia, -aw, ≤ §nerg°v katarg°v katergãzomai leitourg¤a, -aw, ≤ leitourgÒw, -oË, ı panourg¤a, -aw, ≤ sunerg°v sunergÒw, -oË, ı

work, deed I work, do, accomplish practice, trade workman, doer working, action I work, produce I make ineffective, abolish I achieve, bring about service servant cunning, craftiness, trickery I cooperate helper, fellow-worker

(ergonomics)

(energy)

(liturgy) (liturgist) (synergy)

169 41 6 16 8 21 27 22 6 5 5 5 13

————— 4. §sy¤v katesy¤v sunesy¤v

I eat I eat up, devour I eat with

158 15 5

————— ≤m°ra, -aw, ≤ sÆmeron

day today

389 41 —————

y°lv y°lhma, -atow, tÒ

I wish, will will

209 62

————— kÒsmow, -ou, ı kosm°v

the world I adorn, beautify

(cosmos) (cosmetic)

186 10

————— lal°v katalal°v sullal°v

I speak I speak against, slander I talk with, discuss

296 5 6

————— lambãnv énalambãnv épolambãnv

I take, receive I take up I receive 22

260 13 10

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate §pilambãnomai katalambãnv metalambãnv paralambãnv proslambãnomai sullambãnv Ípolambãnv

I take hold of, catch I seize, win I receive a share I take, take with I receive, accept I seize, I conceive I receive

19 15 7 50 12 16 5

————— 5. mayhtÆw, -oË, ı manyãnv

learner, disciple I learn

(mathematics)

261 25

(megaton)

243 8

————— m°gaw, -ãlh, -a megalÊnv

large, great I make large, magnify —————

m°n m°ntoi

indeed, on the one hand (but often untranslatable) though, indeed

180 8

————— nÒmow, -ou, ı nom¤zv nomikÒw, -Æ, -Òn énom¤a, -aw, ≤ ênomow, -a, -on

law I think, believe legal; (as a noun) lawyer lawlessness lawless

(antinomian)

195 15 9 15 10

(idea)

318 200 34 11 9 7

————— o‰da ﬁdoÊ ‡de e‡dvlon, -ou, tÒ eﬁdvlÒyutow, -on eﬁdvlolãtrhw, -ou, ı sune¤dhsiw, -evw, ≤ e‰dow, -ouw, tÒ

I know see! behold! see, here is image, idol offered to an idol idolater conscience form, appearance ————— 23

(idol) (idolater)

30 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary 6. ˆnoma, -atow, tÒ Ùnomãzv eÈ≈numow, -on2

name

(pseudonym)

I name left (as opposed to right)

231 10 9

————— oÈranÒw, -oË, ı oÈrãniow, -on §pourãniow, -on

heaven heavenly heavenly

(uranium)

274 9 19

————— pisteÊv p¤stiw, -evw, ≤ pistÒw, -Æ, -Òn épist°v épist¤a, -aw, ≤ êpistow, -h, -on ÙligÒpistow, -on pe¤yv épeiy°v épe¤yeia, -aw, ≤ épeiyÆw, -°w

I believe (in), trust faith, trust faithful I disbelieve, am unfaithful unfaithfulness, unbelief faithless, unbelieving of little faith I convince, persuade; I trust in I disobey, am disobedient disobedience, disbelief disobedient

(cf. faith)

243 243 67 8 11 23 5 52 14 7 6

————— pneËma, -atow, tÒ pneumatikÒw, -Æ, -Òn pn°v

breath, spirit

(pneumonia)

379

spiritual

(pneumatic)

26

I blow, breathe

7

————— 7. tÒte pãntote toioËtow, -aÊth, -oËton

then always of such a kind, such as this

2

160 41 57

Literally, “well-named,” a euphemism. The ancient Greeks thought the left hand to be ill-favored.

24

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate tosoËtow, -aÊth, -oËton

so great, so far, so much

20

————— uﬂÒw, -oË, ı uﬂoyes¤a, -aw, ≤

son adoption

379 5

————— ÍpÒ

(with gen.) by; (with acc.) under under

Ípokãtv

(hypodermic)

220 11

————— xãriw, -itow, ≤ xa¤rv xarã, -çw, ≤ xar¤zomai xãrisma, -atow, tÒ xãrin eÈxarist°v eÈxarist¤a, -aw, ≤ sugxa¤rv

grace, favor I rejoice, am glad joy I give freely, forgive a gift for the sake of I give thanks thanksgiving I rejoice with

(charity)

(charismatic)

(Eucharist)

156 74 59 23 17 9 38 15 7

III. C. Families With One or More Words Occurring 100–154 Times 1. égayÒw, -Æ, -Òn égayopoi°v

good I do good

(Agatha)

102 9

————— égapãv égãph, -hw, ≤ égaphtÒw, -Æ, -Òn

I love love beloved, dear

143 116 61

————— a‡rv §pa¤rv

I lift up; I take away I lift up, hold up —————

25

101 19

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary aﬁ≈n, -«now, ı aﬁ≈niow, -on ée¤

age, eternity eternal always

(eon)

122 71 7

————— élÆyeia, -aw, ≤ élhyinÒw, -Æ, -Òn élhyÆw, -°w élhy«w

truth, truthfulness true true truly

109 28 26 18

————— épost°llv épÒstolow, -ou, ı diast°llomai §japost°llv §pistolÆ, -∞w, ≤ stolÆ, -∞w, ≤

I send away, send out apostle I order I send forth letter, epistle robe

(apostle)

(epistle) (stole)

132 80 8 13 24 9

————— érxiereÊw, -°vw, ı ﬂereÊw, -°vw, ı ﬂerÒn, -oË, tÒ

high priest, chief priest priest temple

122 (hierarchy)

31 71

————— 2. éf¤hmi êfesiw, -°sevw, ≤ sun¤hmi sÊnesiw, -evw, ≤ ênesiw, -evw, ≤

I leave, let go, pardon pardon, forgiveness I understand, comprehend understanding rest, relief

146 17 26 7 5

————— bãllv diãbolow, -ou, ı §kbãllv §pibãllv katabolÆ, -∞w, ≤ liyobol°v parabolÆ, -∞w, ≤

I throw, place the devil I throw out, expel I put around, clothe foundation I stone parable 26

(ballistic) (diabolical)

(parable)

122 37 81 18 11 7 50

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate parembolÆ, -∞w, ≤ peribãllv sumbãllv ÍperbolÆ, -∞w, ≤ Íperbãllv

camp, army I put on, clothe I meet, discuss; (mid.) I help excess, abundance (hyperbole) I surpass

10 23 6 8 5

————— bl°pv énabl°pv §mbl°pv peribl°pomai

I see, look I look up, gain sight I look at I look around

133 25 12 7

————— de› d°omai d°hsiw, -evw, ≤

it is necessary, one must I ask prayer, entreaty

101 22 18

————— doËlow, -ou, ı douleÊv doulÒv doule¤a, -aw, ≤ sÊndoulow, -ou, ı

slave I am a slave, serve I enslave slavery fellow-slave

124 25 8 5 10

————— dÊo deÊterow, -a, -on diakÒsioi, -ai, -a

two second two hundred

(duet) (Deuteronomy)

132 43 5

————— 3. §ge¤rv grhgor°v diege¤rv

I raise I watch I wake (someone) up

(Gregory)

144 22 6

————— zãv zvÆ, -∞w, ≤ z“on, -ou, tÒ

I live life living thing; animal —————

27

(zoo)

140 135 23

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary zht°v zÆthma, -atow, tÒ zÆthsiw, -evw, ≤ §kzht°v §pizht°v suzht°v

I seek, look for, ask question, issue investigation I search for I search for, strive for I discuss, dispute

117 5 7 7 13 10

————— yãnatow, -ou, ı yanatÒv époynπskv ynπskv ynhtÒw, -Æ, -Òn

death I kill I die I die mortal

(euthanasia)

120 11 111 9 6

————— ‡diow, -¤a, -on ﬁdi≈thw, -ou, ı

one’s own layman, amateur

(idiot)

114 5

————— 4. ·sthmi én¤sthmi énãstasiw, -evw, ≤ ékatastas¤a, -aw, ≤ ény¤sthmi épokay¤sthmi or épokayistãnv éf¤sthmi §n¤sthmi §j¤sthmi ¶kstasiw, -evw, ≤ §pistãthw, -ou, ı §f¤sthmi kay¤sthmi mey¤sthmi par¤sthmi

I place, set, stand I raise, rise, stand up resurrection

(stand)

disturbance

154 108 42 5

I oppose, resist I restore, reestablish

14 8

I go away I have come, am present I am amazed, astonished distraction, confusion; (ecstasy) trance master I stand by, approach, appear I set, constitute I remove I am present, stand by

14 7 17 7

28

7 21 21 5 41

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate pro˝sthmi stãsiw, -evw, ≤ stÆkv sun¤sthmi or sunistãnv ÍpÒstasiw, -evw, ≤

I rule, direct; I care for uprising, revolt I stand, stand firm I present, introduce

8 9 10 16

substantial nature, essence

5

————— kal°v klÆsiw, -evw, ≤ klhtÒw, -Æ, -Òn én°gklhtow, -Òn §gkal°v §kklhs¤a, -aw, ≤ §pikal°v parakal°v parãklhsiw, -evw, ≤ parãklhtow, -ou, ı proskal°omai sugkal°v

I call calling, position called, invited blameless, irreproachable I accuse, charge church, congregation I name; (mid.) I call upon I invite; I exhort; I comfort exhortation, comfort

(cf. call)

mediator, helper

(Paraclete)

(ecclesiastical)

I call, invite I call together; (mid.) I summon

148 11 10 5 7 114 30 109 29 5 29 8

————— 5. kalÒw, -Æ, -Òn kal«w

good well, beautifully

(calligraphy)

101 37

(cf. remain)

118 5 17 7 17 32

————— m°nv diam°nv §pim°nv prosm°nv Ípom°nv ÍpomonÆ -∞w, ≤

I remain, stay I remain I remain, stay I remain with, stay with I remain, endure patience, endurance —————

29

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary nËn nun¤3

now now

(cf. now)

148 20

(exodus)

101 5

————— ıdÒw, -oË, ≤ e‡sodow, -ou, ≤

way entrance —————

o‰kow, -ou, ı oﬁk¤a, -aw, ≤ oﬁk°v §noik°v katoik°v oﬁkodespÒthw, -ou, ı oﬁkonom¤a, -aw, ≤ oﬂkonÒmow, -ou, ı oﬁkoum°nh, -hw, ≤ oﬁkodom°v oﬁkodomÆ, -∞w, ≤ §poikodom°v

house, dwelling household I live, inhabit I live in I live, dwell in the master of the house management; plan house steward the inhabited world I build building, edification; a building I build on

(despot) (economy) (economist) (ecumenical)

114 94 9 5 44 12 9 10 15 40 18 7

————— ÙfyalmÒw, -oË, ı §n≈pion m°tvpon, -ou, tÒ prÒsvpon, -ou, tÒ

eye before forehead face

(ophthalmologist) 100 94 8 76

————— 6. poreÊomai épor°v eﬁsporeÊomai §kporeÊomai ¶mporow, -ou, ı diaporeÊomai paraporeÊomai 3

I go, proceed I am in doubt I go in I go out merchant I go through I go by, go through

(emporium)

An intensive form of nËn, but with no difference in meaning.

30

154 6 18 34 5 5 5

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— profÆthw, -ou, ı profhteÊv profhte¤a -aw, ≤ prÒfasiw, -evw, ≤ fhm¤ blasfhm°v blasfhm¤a, -aw, ≤

prophet

(prophet)

I prophesy prophecy pretext, excuse I say I blaspheme blasphemy

(prophecy)

(blaspheme) (blasphemy)

144 28 19 7 66 34 18

————— p«w p≈w ˜pvw pÒyen po›ow, -a, -on ıpo›ow, -¤a, -on pÒsow, -h, -on potapÒw, -Æ, -Òn pÒte pot° p≈pote ˜pou poË

how? somehow (adv.) how; (conj.) that, in order that whence? of what kind? which? what? of what sort how great? how much? how many? of what sort, of what kind when? once, formerly ever where, insofar as where?

103 15 53 29 33 5 27 7 19 29 6 84 48

————— 7. sãrj, sarkÒw, ≤ sarkikÒw, -Æ, -Òn

flesh (sarcophagus) fleshly, in the manner of flesh

147 7

————— s–zv svtÆr, -∞row, ı svthr¤a, -aw, ≤ dias–zv

I save, deliver savior, deliverer salvation, deliverance I save —————

31

107 24 46 8

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary t¤yhmi éyet°v énãyema, -atow, tÒ épot¤yemai diayÆkh, -hw, ≤ diat¤yhmi §pit¤yhmi metat¤yhmi parat¤yhmi perit¤yhmi prÒyesiw, -evw, ≤ prost¤yhmi

I put, place (cf. theme) I reject object of a curse (anathema) I put off, lay aside will, testament, covenant I decree, make a will I put upon I remove, change I place beside, place around I put around presentation; plan I add

100 16 6 9 33 7 39 6 19 8 12 18

————— fvnÆ, -∞w, ≤ fvn°v prosfvn°v sumfvn°v

sound, voice I call I call at, address I agree with

(telephone)

(symphony)

139 43 7 6

(psychiatrist) (psychic)

103 6

————— cuxÆ, -∞w, ≤ cuxikÒw, -Æ, -Òn

soul unspiritual

III. D. Families With One or More Words Occurring 50–99 Times 1. êgv énãgv épãgv eﬁsãgv §jãgv katãgv ıdhg°v ıdhgÒw, -oË, ı parãgv periãgv proãgv

I lead I lead up I lead away I lead in I lead out I lead down I lead, guide leader, guide I go away, pass by I lead around, go around I lead forward, go before

32

(cf. pedagogical)

67 23 16 11 12 9 5 5 10 6 20

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate prosãgv sunãgv §pisunãgv sunagvgÆ, -∞w, ≤ érxisunãgvgow, -ou, ı Ípãgv

I bring, come near I gather together I gather together, congregate synagogue (synagogue) head of a synagogue

5 59 8 56 9

I go, go away

79

————— aﬁt°v aﬁt¤a, -aw, ≤ a‡tiow, -¤a, -on parait°omai

I ask, ask for cause, reason responsible, guilty I ask for; I refuse

70 20 5 12

————— éno¤gv diano¤gv

I open I open, explain

77 8

————— épÒllumi ép≈leia, -aw, ≤

I ruin, destroy destruction

91 18

————— 2. êrxv érxÆ, -∞w, ≤ êrxvn, -ontow, ı érxa›ow, -a, -on xil¤arxow, -ou, ı •katontãrxhw, -ou, ı •katÒntarxow, -ou, ı Ípãrxv éparxÆ, -∞w, ≤

I rule, am first; (mid.) I begin beginning; ruler, authority ruler, lord, authority ancient, old leader of a thousand soldiers, tribune centurion, captain

(oligarch)

(archaic)

86 55 37 11 22 16

centurion, captain

7

I exist, am present first-fruits

60 9

————— éspãzomai éspasmÒw, -oË, ı

I greet greeting

59 10 33

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— énaba¤nv §mba¤nv §piba¤nv kataba¤nv metaba¤nv proba¤nv sumba¤nv b∞ma, -atow parãbasiw, -evw, ≤ parabãthw, -ou, ı b°baiow, -a, -on bebaiÒv b°bhlow, -on

I go up, embark I go in, embark I go up, upon I come down, go down I go over, move I go on, advance I happen, come about step, judge’s bench, platform overstepping, transgression transgressor, sinner firm, secure, certain I make firm, establish, confirm profane, godless

82 16 6 81 12 5 8 12 7 5 8 8 5

————— bapt¤zv bãptisma, -atow, tÒ baptistÆw, -oË, ı

I baptize baptism

(baptize) (baptism)

77 19

baptist, baptizer

(Baptist)

12

(demon)

63

————— daimÒnion, -ou, tÒ daimon¤zomai

demon, evil spirit I am demon-possessed

13

————— d°xomai épekd°xomai épod°xomai dektÒw, -Æ, -Òn prosdokãv §kd°xomai parad°xomai prosd°xomai dejiÒw, -ã, -Òn eÈprÒsdektow, -on

I take, receive I await eagerly I welcome, receive acceptable, welcome I wait for I expect I receive I receive, welcome; I wait for right (as opposed to left) acceptable, welcome 34

56 8 7 5 16 6 6 14 (cf. dexterity)

54 5

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— didãskv didãskalow,-ou, ı didaskal¤a, -aw, ≤ didaxÆ, -∞w, ≤

I teach teacher teaching, instruction teaching

(cf. didactic)

97 59 21 30

————— 3. dikaiosÊnh, -hw, ≤ d¤kaiow, -a, -on dikaiÒv dika¤vma, -atow, tÒ dika¤vw édik°v édik¤a, -aw, ≤ êdikow, -on ént¤dikow, -ou, ı §kdik°v §kd¤khsiw, -evw, ≤ katadikãzv

righteousness

92

righteous, just I justify requirement; righteous deed

79 39 10

justly I do wrong, treat unjustly wrongdoing, unrighteousness unjust opponent I avenge someone vengeance, punishment I condemn

5 28 25 12 5 6 9 5

————— diÒ diÒti

therefore, for this reason because, therefore

53 23

————— d≈deka d°ka ßndeka dekat°ssarew

twelve ten eleven fourteen

(decade)

75 24 6 5

————— §lp¤w, -¤dow, ≤ §lp¤zv

hope I hope, hope for

53 31

————— §ntolÆ, -∞w, ≤ §nt°llomai

commandment, order I command, order 35

67 15

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary énat°llv énatolÆ, -∞w, ≤

I rise up rising, east

9 11

————— •ptã ßbdomow, -h, -on

seven seventh

88 9

————— §rvtãv §pervtãv

I ask, request I ask (a question)

63 56

————— 4. eÈyÊw eÈyÊw, -e›a, -Ê eÈy°vw

immediately straight immediately

51 8 36

————— ≥dh dÆ

now, already indeed, now

61 5

————— yevr°v yeãomai

I see, perceive I see, look at

(theory) (theater)

58 22

————— ﬂmãtion, -ou, tÒ ﬂmatismÒw, -oË, ı

garment clothing

60 5

————— kãyhmai kay¤zv kay°zomai

I sit, sit down I sit down, cause to sit down; stay (intrans.) I sit

91 46 7

————— kakÒw, -Æ, -Òn kak¤a, -aw, ≤ kakÒv kak«w §gkak°v

evil, bad wickedness, malice I harm, mistreat wickedly, badly I become weary, lose heart ————— 36

50 11 6 16 6

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate karpÒw, -ou, ı karpofor°v êkarpow, -on

fruit I bear fruit unfruitful

66 8 7

————— khrÊssv kÆrugma, -atow, tÒ

I proclaim, preach proclamation, preaching

61 9

————— krãzv énakrãzv

I cry, call out I cry out

56 5

————— l¤yow, -ou, ı liyãzv

stone I stone (a person)

(lithography)

59 9

————— 5. loipÒw, -Æ, -Òn le¤pv épole¤pv §gkatale¤pv katale¤pv

remaining, other I lack, fall short I leave (behind); I remain I leave behind, forsake I leave behind

55 6 7 10 24

————— épolÊv lÊv épolÊtrvsiw, -evw, ≤ §klÊomai katalÊv paralÊomai paralutikÒw, -Æ, -Òn

I set free, let go, send away I loose, set free release, redemption (pass.) I become weary, give out I destroy, abolish I am disabled lame; (as a noun) a paralytic (paralytic)

67 42 10 5 17 5 10

————— mçllon mãlista

more, rather most of all, especially

37

81 12

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— martur°v martur¤a, -aw, ≤ martÊrion, -ou, tÒ martÊromai mãrtuw, -turow, ı diamartÊromai ceudomartur°v

I bear witness, testify testimony testimony, proof

76 37 19

I testify, affirm witness I solemnly declare I bear false witness

5 35 15 5

(martyr)

————— m°sow, -h, -on mes¤thw, -ou, ı

middle, in the middle mediator

(Mesopotamia)

58 6

————— 6. paid¤on, -ou, tÒ pa›w, paidÒw, ı paid¤skh, -hw, ≤ paide¤a, -aw, ≤ paideÊv §mpa¤zv

infant, young child child female slave upbringing, training I bring up, train I ridicule, mock

(pediatrician)

52 24 13 6 13 13

————— p°mpv énap°mpv metap°mpomai prop°mpv

I send I send up I send for I accompany

79 5 9 9

————— peripat°v pat°v katapat°v

I go about, walk around I tread I trample under foot

95 5 5

————— p¤nv potÆrion, -ou, tÒ pot¤zv katap¤nv

I drink a drink I give a drink I drink down

38

(potable)

73 31 15 7

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— p¤ptv énap¤ptv §kp¤ptv §mp¤ptv §pip¤ptv parãptvma, -atow, tÒ prosp¤ptv pt«ma, -atow, tÒ

I fall I lie down, recline I fall off, fall from I fall in, fall into I fall upon transgression, sin

90 12 10 7 11 20

I fall down before, fall upon corpse

8 7

————— 7. plhrÒv plÆrvma, -atow, tÒ plÆrhw, -ew plhyÊnv pl∞yow, -ouw, tÒ énaplhrÒv p¤mplhmi §mp¤mplhmi

I fill, make full, finish fullness

87 17

full, complete I increase, multiply crowd, multitude I fill up I fill, fulfill I fill, satisfy

16 12 31 6 24 5

(plethora)

————— plo›on, -ou, tÒ ploiãrion, -ou, tÒ pl°v

boat, ship small ship, boat I sail

68 5 6

————— ponhrÒw, -ã, -Òn ponhr¤a, -aw, ≤

wicked, bad wickedness, sinfulness

78 7

————— poÊw, podÒw, ı foot ÍpopÒdion, -ou, tÒ footstool

(podiatrist)

93 7

————— proseÊxomai proseuxÆ, -∞w, ≤

I pray prayer

86 37

39

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary eÎxomai

I pray

7 —————

pËr, purÒw, tÒ puretÒw, -oË, ı purÒomai

fire fever I burn, am inflamed

(pyre)

73 6 6

(cf. rhetoric)

68 31 9

(semaphore)

77 6

(philosophy)

51 20

————— =∞ma, -atow, tÒ parrhs¤a, -aw, ≤ parrhsiãzomai

word, saying; thing, matter openness, confidence I speak freely, openly —————

shme›on, -ou, tÒ shma¤nv

sign I make known, indicate —————

sof¤a, -aw, ≤ sofÒw, -Æ, -Òn

wisdom wise —————

spe¤rv sp°rma, -atow, tÒ spÒrow, -ou, ı

I sow seed seed

(sperm) (spore)

52 43 6

————— 8. t°knon, -ou, tÒ tekn¤on, -ou, tÒ t¤ktv prvtÒtokow, -on

child little child I give birth to first-born

99 8 18 8

————— thr°v parathr°v

I keep, observe I watch, observe

70 6

————— tre›w, tr¤a tr¤w tr¤tow, -h, -on triãkonta

three three times third thirty

(cf. trinity)

————— 40

67 12 56 9

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate f°rv énaf°rv épof°rv diaf°rv eﬁsf°rv §kf°rv plhrofor°v prosf°rv prosforã, -çw, ≤ sumf°rv for°v fÒrow, -ou, ı fort¤on, -ou, tÒ

I bear, carry I bring up, take up I carry away I differ, am superior I bring in I carry out, send out I fill, fulfill I bring to, offer offering, gift I help, am profitable I bear, wear tribute, tax burden, load

(cf. fertile)

66 10 6 13 8 8 6 47 9 15 6 5 6

————— fob°omai fÒbow, -ou, ı ¶mfobow, -on

I fear fear afraid

(phobia)

95 47 5

————— f«w, fvtÒw, tÒ fvt¤zv fvteinÒw, -Æ, -Òn

light I illuminate shining, bright

(photograph)

73 11 5

III. E. Families With One or More Words Occurring 26–49 Times 1. égorãzv égorã, -çw, ≤

I buy marketplace

30 11

————— ékãyartow, -h, -on ékayars¤a, -aw, ≤ kayar¤zv kayarismÒw, -oË, ı kayarÒw, -ã, -Òn

impure, unclean impurity, immorality I make clean, purify purification clean, pure —————

41

32

(cf. catharsis)

10 31 7 27

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary êjiow, -¤a, -on éjiÒv éj¤vw

worthy, fit I deem worthy worthily

(axiom)

41 7 6

(apocalyptic) (apocalypse)

26 18

————— épokalÊptv épokãluciw, -evw, ≤ kalÊptv

I reveal revelation I cover, hide

8

————— érn°omai éparn°omai

I deny I deny

33 11 —————

ésyen°v ésy°neia, -aw, ≤ ésyenÆw, -°w

I am weak, sick weakness weak, powerless

33 24 26

————— bibl¤on, -ou, tÒ b¤blow, -ou, ≤

book, scroll

(bibliography)

34

book

(Bible)

10

(cf. volition)

37 12 6 8

(monogamy)

28 16 7

————— boÊlomai boulÆ, -∞w, ≤ bouleÊomai sumboÊlion, -ou, tÒ

I wish, desire purpose, counsel I resolve, decide plan, purpose —————

2. gam°v gãmow, -ou, ı gam¤zv

I marry marriage I give in marriage —————

d°v desmÒw, -oË, ı d°smiow, -ou, ı

I bind, tie bond, fetter prisoner

43 18 16 42

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ÍpÒdhma, -atow, tÒ

sandal

10 —————

de¤knumi4 §nde¤knumi §pide¤knumi Ípode¤knumi ÍpÒdeigma, -atow, tÒ

I point out, show I show, demonstrate I show, point out I show, indicate example, pattern

(indication)

33 11 7 6 6

————— diakon°v diakon¤a, -aw, ≤ diãkonow, -ou, ı and ≤

I wait at table, serve service deacon

(deacon)

37 34 29

————— di≈kv divgmÒw, -oË, ı

I hasten; I pursue, persecute persecution

45 10

————— §gg¤zv §ggÊw

I come near near

42 31

————— §le°v ¶leow, -ouw, tÒ §lehmosÊnh, -hw, ≤

I have mercy mercy, compassion alms

29 27 13

————— 3. §ndÊv ¶nduma, -atow, tÒ §kdÊv dusmÆ, -∞w, ≤

I clothe garment, clothing I strip, take off going down, west

(cf. endue)

27 8 6 5

————— This word group is closely related to that of d¤kh, but for pedagogical purposes it is listed separately. 4

43

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary §pe› §peidÆ

because, since, for since, because

26 10

————— §piyum¤a,-aw, ≤ §piyum°v yumÒw, -oË, ı ımoyumadÒn proyum¤a, -aw, ≤

desire, longing I desire, long for anger, wrath with one mind willingness, goodwill

38 16 18 11 5

————— §pistr°fv énastr°fv énastrofÆ, -∞w, ≤ diastr°fv str°fv épostr°fv Ípostr°fv

I turn, turn around, turn back I act, live way of life, conduct I make crooked, pervert I turn, change (catastrophe) I turn away, remove I turn back, return

36 9 13 7 21 9 35

————— ¶rhmow, -on §rhmÒomai

empty, deserted; (as a noun (hermit) [≤]) the desert, wilderness (pass.) I am laid waste

48 5

————— •toimãzv ßtoimow, -h, -on

I prepare prepared

40 17

————— §xyrÒw, -ã, -Òn ¶xyra, -aw, ≤

hostile; (as a noun) enemy enmity

32 6

————— 4. ≤g°omai ≤gem≈n, -Ònow, ı dihg°omai §jhg°omai

I lead, guide; I think governor, procurator I tell, relate I explain, interpret —————

44

(hegemony) (cf. exegesis)

28 20 8 6

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate yaumãzv I wonder, marvel yaumastÒw, -Æ, -Òn wonderful, marvelous

43 6

————— yl›ciw, -evw, ≤ yl¤bv

affliction, tribulation I afflict, oppress

45 10

————— yus¤a, -aw, ≤ yusiastÆrion, -ou, tÒ yÊv yum¤ama, -atow, tÒ

sacrifice, offering altar

28 23

I sacrifice incense, incense offering

14 6

————— ﬁãomai ﬁatrÒw, -oË, ı

I heal physician

(psychiatrist)

26 7

————— ﬁsxurÒw, -ã, -Òn ﬁsxÊw, -Êow, ≤ ﬁsxÊv

strong, powerful strength, power I am strong, powerful

29 10 28

————— kauxãomai kaÊxhma, -atow, tÒ kaÊxhsiw, -evw, ≤

I boast, glory boast, object of boasting

37 11

boasting

11

————— kla¤v klauymÒw, -oË, ı

I weep, cry weeping

40 9

————— 5. krat°v krãtow, -ouw, tÒ kre¤ttvn, -on and kre¤ssvn

I take hold of, hold fast power, rule better —————

45

(cf. democracy)

47 12 19

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary lup°v lÊph, -hw, ≤ per¤lupow, -on

I grieve; (pass.) I am sad, grieve grief, sorrow, pain very sad, deeply sorrowed

26 16 5

————— m°row, -ouw, tÒ mer¤zv diamer¤zv mer¤w, -¤dow, ≤

part I divide, separate I distribute part, share

42 14 11 5

————— metano°v metãnoia, -aw, ≤ no°v katano°v nÒhma, -atow, tÒ noËw, noÒw, ı nouyet°v diãnoia, -aw, ≤ énÒhtow, -on

I repent, am converted repentance, conversion I perceive, understand I consider thought, mind, design understanding, mind I admonish, instruct understanding, mind unintelligent, foolish

(cf. paranoia)

34 22 14 14 6 24 8 12 6

————— mnhme›on, -ou, tÒ mn∞ma, -atow, tÒ mne¤a, -aw, ≤ mnhmoneÊv mimnÆskomai énamimnπskv Ípomimnπskv

grave, tomb grave, tomb remembrance, memory I remember, mention I remember I remind I remind

40

(amnesia)

8 7 21 23 6 7

————— ˜moiow, -a, -on ımo¤vw ımoiÒv ımo¤vma, -atow, tÒ

like, similar likewise, so, similarly I liken, compare likeness, form —————

46

45 30 15 6

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate 6. Ùp¤sv ˆpisyen

behind, back from behind

35 7

————— ÙrgÆ, -∞w, ≤ Ùrg¤zomai

anger, indignation I am angry, indignant

36 8

————— Ùfe¤lv Ùfeil°thw, -ou, ı

I owe debtor

35 7 —————

pãsxv pãyhma, -atow, tÒ

I suffer, endure suffering

(empathy)

42 16

————— peirãzv peirasmÒw, -oË, ı

I test, tempt test, temptation

38 21

————— p°nte pentÆkonta pentakisx¤lioi

five fifty five thousand

(pentagon)

36 5 6

————— perisseÊv per¤sseuma, -atow, tÒ perissÒw, -Æ, -Òn perissÒterow, -a, -on perissot°rvw

I have an abundance, am rich abundance, fullness

39 5

abundant, superfluous greater, more

6 17

far greater, far more, especially

12

————— peritomÆ, -∞w, ≤ perit°mnv

circumcision I circumcise

36 17

————— planãv plãnh, -hw, ≤

I lead astray, deceive wandering, error, deceit 47

(planet)

39 10

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary plãnow, -on

deceitful; (as a noun) deceiver, impostor

5

————— ploÊsiow, -¤a, -on ploËtow, -ou, ı plout°v

rich

28

riches I am rich, become rich

(plutocracy)

22 12

————— 7. prãssv prçjiw, -evw, ≤ prçgma, -atow, tÒ

I do, accomplish acting, deed deed, thing

(practical) (pragmatic)

39 6 11

(prologue)

47

(prototype)

11

(scandalize) (scandal)

29 15

————— prÒ prÒterow, -a, -on

(with gen.) before, in front of earlier, former —————

skandal¤zv I cause to fall skãndalon, -ou, tÒ that which gives offense, temptation to sin ————— skÒtow, -ouw, tÒ skot¤a, -aw, ≤ skot¤zomai

darkness darkness I am/become dark

31 16 5

————— staurÒv staurÒw, -oË, ı sustaurÒv

I crucify cross I crucify with

46 27 5

————— strati≈thw, -ou, ı strãteuma, -atow, tÒ strateÊomai

soldier

26

army

8

I serve in the army

7

48

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate strathgÒw, -oË, ı

praetor, captain

(strategy)

10

————— t°low, -ouw, tÒ tel°v t°leiow, -a, -on teleiÒv teleutãv §pitel°v suntel°v sunt°leia, -aw, ≤

end I finish, carry out complete, perfect I complete, perfect I die I end, complete I complete, fulfill completion, close

40 28 19 23 13 10 6 6

————— t°ssarew tessarãkonta t°tartow, -h, -on tetrakisx¤lioi eﬁkosit°ssarew

four forty fourth four thousand twenty-four

30 15 10 5 6

————— 8. timÆ, -∞w, ≤ t¤miow, -a, -on timãv étimãzv étim¤a, -aw, ≤ §pitimãv ¶ntimow, -on

price, value, honor valuable, precious I honor I dishonor dishonor I rebuke, reprove honored, valuable

(Timothy)

41 13 21 7 7 29 5

————— Ípotãssv tãssv tãjiw, -evw, ≤ éntitãssomai épotãssomai diatãssv §pitãssv §pitagÆ, -∞w, ≤ prostãssv

I subject, subordinate I place, order order I oppose I say farewell, leave I order, direct I order order I order ————— 49

(syntax)

38 8 9 5 6 16 10 7 7

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary fanerÒv fa¤nv fanerÒw, -ã, -Òn éfan¤zv §mfan¤zv §pifãneia, -aw, ≤

I reveal, make known I shine; (mid.) I appear, (phantom) become visible visible, clear I make invisible, unrecognizable I reveal, make known appearance, appearing (epiphany)

49 31 18 5 10 6

————— feÊgv §kfeÊgv

I flee I escape

(fugitive)

29 8

(philosophy)

29

————— f¤low, -h, -on

beloved, loving; (as a noun) friend fil°v I love, like; I kiss f¤lhma, -atow, tÒ a kiss katafil°v I kiss filadelf¤a, -aw, ≤ love of brother or sister

25 7 6 (Philadelphia, PA) 6

————— 9. fron°v frÒnimow, -on êfrvn, -on eÈfra¤nv katafron°v svfron°v

I think sensible, thoughtful foolish, ignorant I gladden; (pass.) I am glad I despise, scorn I am of sound mind

26 14 11 14 9 6

————— fulakÆ, -∞w, ≤ fulãssv gazofulake›on, -ou, tÒ

watch, guard I watch, guard treasure room, treasury

(prophylactic)

47 31 5

(phylum)

31 14 11

————— fulÆ, -∞w, ≤ fÊsiw, -evw, ≤ futeÊv

tribe, nation nature I plant ————— 50

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate xre¤a, -aw, ≤ xrãomai xrπzv xr∞ma, -atow, tÒ xrhmat¤zv xrhstÒw, -Æ, -Òn xrhstÒthw, -htow, ≤ paraxr∞ma

need, necessity I use I need property, money I reveal; I bear a name useful, good goodness, usefulness

49 11 5 6 9 7 10

immediately

18

————— xrÒnow, -ou, ı xron¤zv

time I take time, delay

(chronicle)

54 5

————— x≈ra, -aw, ≤ xvr°v xvr¤on, -ou, tÒ

country, land I make room, contain place, land, field

28 10 10

————— xvr¤w xvr¤zv

without, apart from I divide, separate

41 13

III. F. Families With One or More Words Occurring 10–25 Times 1. égalliãv égall¤asiw, -evw, ≤

I exult, am glad exultation, joy

11 5

————— émpel≈n, -«now, ı êmpelow, -ou, ≤

vineyard

23

vine

9 —————

énã ênvyen

(with acc.) up; (with numbers) each, apiece from above, again

51

13 13

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ênv §pãnv

above, upward above, over

9 19

————— énãgkh, -hw, ≤ énagkãzv énagka›ow, -a, -on

necessity, distress I compel necessary

18 9 8

————— énair°v éfair°v §jair°v kayair°v a·resiw, -evw, ≤

I take away, destroy I take away I take out; (mid.) I free I tear down, destroy party, dissension

(heresy)

24 10 8 9 9

————— énaxvr°v per¤xvrow, -on

I go away, take refuge neighboring; (as a noun) neighborhood

14 9

————— ëpaj §fãpaj

once once for all

14 5

————— érgÊrion, -ou, tÒ êrgurow, -ou, tÒ

silver

(Argentina)

silver

20 5

————— ér°skv eÈãrestow, -on

I please pleasing, acceptable

17 9

————— 2. èrpãzv ërpaj, -agow

I seize, steal rapacious; (as a noun) robber

14 5

————— éstÆr, -°row, ı éstrapÆ, -∞w, ≤

star lightning

(astronomy)

52

24 9

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— basan¤zv basanismÒw, -oË, ı

I torture, torment torture, tormenting

12 6

————— boãv bohy°v

I call, shout I aid, help

12 8

————— br«ma, -atow, tÒ br«siw, -evw, ≤

food

17

eating, rust, food

11

————— g°mv gem¤zv

I am full I fill

11 8

————— gÒnu, -atow, tÒ gvn¤a, -aw, ≤

knee corner

(trigonometry)

12 9

————— deËte deËro

come (on)! come, come here

12 9

————— §kkÒptv épokÒptv §gkÒptv kÒptv prokÒptv proskÒptv prÒskomma, -atow, tÒ

I cut off, cut down I cut off I hinder, thwart I cut I progress I take offense at stumbling, offense

10 6 5 8 6 8 6

————— 3. ßktow, -h, -on ßj •jÆkonta

sixth six sixty

(six)

53

14 10 6

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— §kx°v §kxÊnnomai

I pour out I pour out

16 11

————— §la¤a, -aw, ≤ ¶laion, -ou, tÒ

olive tree oil

13 11

————— §leÊyerow, -°ra, -on free §leuyer¤a, -aw, ≤ freedom §leuyerÒv I free, set free

23 11 7

————— §nteËyen §nyãde

from here here

10 8

————— ¶painow, -ou, ı §pain°v aﬁn°v

praise I praise I praise

11 6 8

————— §paÊrion aÎrion

tomorrow tomorrow

17 14

————— ¶peita e‰ta

then then, next

16 15

————— §pisk°ptomai §p¤skopow, -ou, ı skop°v

I oversee, care for overseer, bishop I look out for, notice

(episcopal) (cf. telescope)

11 5 6

————— §pitr°pv §ktr°pomai §ntr°pv trÒpow, -ou, ı

I permit I turn, turn away I shame; (mid.) I respect manner, kind

54

18 5 9 13

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— eÈs°beia, -aw, ≤ s°bomai és°beia, -aw, ≤ ésebÆw, -°w

piety, godliness

15

I worship ungodliness, impiety godless, impious

10 6 9

————— 4. z∞low, -ou, ı and z∞low, -ouw, tÒ zhlÒv zhlvtÆw, -oË, ı

zeal, jealousy

(zeal)

16

I am zealous, jealous zealot

(zealot)

11 8

————— zÊmh, -hw, ≤ êzumow, -on

yeast, leaven unleavened

(enzyme)

13 9

————— yãptv tãfow, -ou, ı

I bury grave, tomb

(epitaph)

11 7

————— yem°liow, -ou, ı yem°lion, -ou, tÒ yemeliÒv

foundation

15

foundation I lay a foundation

11 5

————— yer¤zv yerismÒw, -oË, ı

I harvest harvest

21 13

————— yhsaurÒw, -oË, ı yhsaur¤zv

treasure

(thesaurus)

I store up

17 8

————— ka¤v kataka¤v

I burn I burn down, consume 55

12 12

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— kataisxÊnv aﬁsxÊnomai aﬁsxÊnh, -hw, ≤ §paisxÊnomai

I put to shame, dishonor I am ashamed shame I am ashamed

13 5 6 11

————— katantãv sunantãv Ípantãv

I come to, approach I meet, happen I meet, fight, oppose

13 6 10

————— kathgor°v katÆgorow, -ou, ı

I accuse accuser

(cf. categorical)

23 5

————— ke›mai énãkeimai sunanãkeimai ént¤keimai §p¤keimai katãkeimai koimãomai per¤keimai prÒkeimai

I lie, recline I lie, recline I recline with I am opposed I lie upon, press upon I lie down I sleep, fall asleep, die I lie around; I wear I lie before, am present

(cemetery)

24 14 7 8 7 12 18 5 5

————— 5. kenÒw, -Æ, -Òn kenÒv

empty I empty

18 5

————— klãv klãsma, -atow, tÒ klãdow, -ou, ı

I break fragment branch

14 9 11

————— kle¤v kle¤w, -dÒw, ≤

I shut, lock key

16 6

56

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— kl°pthw, -ou, ı kl°ptv

thief I steal

(kleptomaniac)

16 13

————— klhronom°v klhronom¤a, -aw, ≤ klhronÒmow, -ou, ı kl∞row, -ou, ı

I inherit, acquire inheritance, possession heir lot, share

18 14 15 11

————— koinvn¤a, -aw, ≤ koinvn°v koinvnÒw, -oË, ı and ≤ koinÒw, -Æ, -Òn koinÒv

communion, fellowship, participation I share, participate companion, partner communal, common I make common, defile

19 8 10 (Koine Greek)

14 14

————— kopiãv kÒpow, -ou, ı eÈkop≈terow, -on

I work trouble, work easier

23 18 7

————— krÊptv kruptÒw, -Æ, -Òn

I hide hidden, secret

(crypt)

19 17

————— kt¤siw, -evw, ≤ kt¤zv

creation, creature I create

19 15

————— latreÊv latre¤a, -aw, ≤

I serve service, worship

(cf. idolater)

21 5

————— lÊxnow, -ou, ı luxn¤a, -aw, ≤

lamp lampstand

14 12

————— 57

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary 6. makroyum¤a, -aw, ≤ makroyum°v makrãn makrÒyen makrÒw, -ã, -Òn

patience, steadfastness

14

I wait patiently far away from far away long

10 10 14 5

————— m°lei metam°lomai

it is a care I regret, repent

10 6

————— merimnãv m°rimna, -hw, ≤

I am anxious; I care for anxiety, care

19 6

————— m°tron, -ou, tÒ metr°v

measure I measure

(metric)

14 11

————— moixeÊv moixal¤w, -¤dow, ≤

I commit adultery adulteress

15 7

————— mvrÒw, -ã, -Òn mvr¤a, -aw, ≤

foolish, stupid foolishness

(moron)

12 5

(neoclassical)

24 11

————— n°ow, -a, -on nean¤skow, -ou, ı

new, young youth, young man —————

nhsteÊv nhste¤a, -aw, ≤

I fast fasting

20 6 —————

numf¤ow, -ou, ı nÊmfh, -hw, ≤

bridegroom bride

(nymph)

16 8

————— j°now, -h, -on jen¤zv

strange, foreign I entertain; I surprise 58

14 10

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— jhra¤nv jhrÒw, -ã, -Òn

I dry, dry up dry

(xerography)

15 8

————— ˜rion, -ou, tÒ ır¤zv proor¤zv

region I determine, appoint I predestine

(horizon)

12 8 6

————— 7. palaiÒw, -ã, -Òn pãlai

old long ago, for a long time

(paleolithic)

19 7

(pause)

15 12 5

————— paÊv énapaÊv énãpausiw, -evw, ≤ katãpausiw, -evw, ≤

I cease I give rest, refresh rest, resting place rest, resting place

9

————— peny°v p°nyow, -ouw, tÒ

I grieve, mourn grief, mourning

10 5

————— p°ran diaperãv

across I cross over

23 6

————— peteinÒn, -oË, tÒ p°tomai

bird

14

I fly

5 —————

pleonej¤a, -aw, ≤ pleonãzv pleonekt°v

greediness, covetousness I am/become more; I increase I take advantage of, outwit ————— 59

10 9 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary plhgÆ, -∞w, ≤ §kplÆssomai

blow, wound (plague) I am amazed, overwhelmed

22 13

————— poimÆn, -°now, ı poima¤nv po¤mnh, -hw, ≤ po¤mnion, -ou, tÒ

shepherd

18

I tend, pasture flock flock

11 5 5

————— pÒlemow, -ou, ı polem°v

war I make war

(polemics)

18 7

(pornography)

25 8

————— porne¤a, -aw, ≤ porneÊv pÒrnh, -hw, ≤ pÒrnow, -ou, ı

prostitution, unchastity I practice prostitution, am sexually immoral prostitute a sexually immoral person

12 10

————— 8. pul≈n, -«now, ı pÊlh, -hw, ≤

gate, gateway

18

gate, door

10

————— salp¤zv I trumpet sãlpigj, -iggow, ≤ trumpet

12 11

————— seismÒw, -oË, ı se¤v

shaking, earthquake I shake, agitate

(seismic)

14 5

————— skeËow, -ouw, tÒ kataskeuãzv paraskeuÆ, -∞w, ≤

vessel, jar I prepare, furnish preparation —————

60

23 11 6

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate skhnÆ, -∞w, ≤ skhnÒv

tent, dwelling, tabernacle I live, dwell

(scene)

20 5

————— splagxn¤zomai splãgxnon, -ou, tÒ

I feel sympathy for heart; love, sympathy

12 11

————— 9. spoudÆ, -∞w, ≤ spoudãzv speÊdv

haste; eagerness I hasten; I am eager I hasten

12 11 6

————— sfrag¤w, -›dow, ≤ sfrag¤zv

seal

16

I seal

15 —————

sx¤zv sx¤sma, -atow, tÒ

I split, divide split, division

(schizophrenia) (schism)

11 8

————— tapeinÒv tapeinÒw, -Æ, -Òn tapeinofrosÊnh, -hw, ≤

I make low, humble lowly, humble humility

14 8 7

————— tax°vw tãxow, -ouw, tÒ taxËw, -e›a, -Ê

quickly speed, quickness quick

15 8 13

————— trofÆ, -∞w, ≤ tr°fv

food I feed, support

16 9

————— tugxãnv §ntugxãnv §pitugxãnv

I meet, happen I appeal to I obtain, attain to 61

12 5 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— tÊpow, -ou, ı tÊptv

image, copy I strike, beat

(type)

15 13

(cf. hygiene)

12 12

————— Ígia¤nv ÍgiÆw, -°w

I am healthy, sound healthy, sound —————

10. Íster°v Íst°rhma, -atow, tÒ Ïsterow, -a, -on

I am in need, fail; (pass.) I lack need

16 9

second, later, finally

12

————— ÍcÒv ÍchlÒw, -Æ, -Òn Ïcistow, -h, -on Ïcow, -ouw, tÒ

I lift up high highest, most exalted height

20 11 13 6

————— foneÊv fÒnow, -ou, ı foneÊw, -°vw, ı

I murder, kill murder, killing murderer

12 9 7

————— xiliãw, -ãdow, ≤ x¤lioi, -ai, -a

(a group of) a thousand thousands

23 8

————— xortãzv xÒrtow, -ou, ı

I feed, fill; (pass.) I eat my fill grass, hay

16 15

————— xrusoËw, -∞, -oËn xrus¤on, -ou, tÒ xrusÒw, -oË, ı

golden

(chrysanthemum) 18

gold gold

12 10 —————

62

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ceÊdomai ceËdow, -ouw, tÒ ceÊsthw, -ou, ı ceudoprofÆthw, -ou, ı

I lie lie liar false prophet

(pseudonym)

(prophet)

12 10 10 11

III. G. Families With One or More Words Occurring 5–9 Times 1. ègnÒw, -Æ, -Òn ègn¤zv

pure, holy I purify

8 7

————— égvn¤zomai ég≈n, -«now, ı

I struggle, fight contest, fight

(cf. agony)

8 6

————— ëlaw, -atow, tÒ èlieÊw, -°vw, ı

salt fisherman

(halite)

8 5

————— éle¤fv §jale¤fv

I anoint I wipe away, remove

9 5

————— êmvmow, -on êmemptow, -on

unblemished, blameless blameless, faultless

8 5

————— épãth, -hw, ≤ §japatãv

deception, deceitfulness I deceive, cheat

7 6

————— bar°v bãrow, -ouw, tÒ barÊw, -e›a, -Ê

I weigh down, burden weight, burden heavy

(barometer)

6 6 6

————— diar(r)Ægnumi or diarÆssv =Ægnumi

I tear, break

5

I tear, break

7

63

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— diaskorp¤zv skorp¤zv skorp¤ow, -ou, ı

I scatter, disperse I scatter, distribute scorpion

(scorpion)

9 5 5

————— diatr¤bv suntr¤bv

I spend; I stay I shatter, break

9 7

————— §nãntiow, -a, -on §nant¤on kat°nanti ép°nanti

against, opposed, hostile before, in the sight of opposite; before opposite, against

8 8 8 5

————— §pilanyãnomai lanyãnv

I forget I am hidden

8 6

————— ¶riw, -idow, ≤ §riye¤a, -aw, ≤

strife, discord strife; selfishness

9 7

————— 2. z≈nh, -hw, ≤ periz≈nnumi

belt, girdle I gird about

(cf. zone)

8 6

————— ≤d°vw ≤donÆ, -∞w, ≤

gladly pleasure, lust

(hedonism)

5 5

————— yars°v yarr°v

I am courageous, cheerful I am confident, courageous

7 6

————— yhlãzv y∞luj, -eia, -u

I give suck, nurse female; (as a noun) woman

5 5

————— katãra, -aw, ≤

curse

6 64

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate katarãomai

I curse

5 —————

kl¤nh, -hw, ≤ kl¤nv énakl¤nv katakl¤nv prvtoklis¤a, -aw, ≤

bed, couch I incline, bow; I decline I cause to lie down; (pass.) I lie down I cause to lie down; (pass.) I lie down the place of honor

(cf. recline)

9 7 6 5 5

————— kÒkkow, -ou, ı kÒkkinow, -h, -on

seed, grain red, scarlet

7 6

————— kraugãzv kraugÆ, -∞w, ≤

I cry out, shout cry, shout

9 6

————— lampãw, -ãdow, ≤ lamprÒw, -ã, -Òn lãmpv

torch, lamp

(lamp)

bright, shining I shine, shine out

9 9 7

————— mastigÒv mãstij, -igow, ≤

I whip, scourge scourging, torment

7 6

————— 3. meyermhneÊv diermhneÊv

I translate I explain, translate

(cf. hermeneutics)

8 6

————— metasxhmat¤zv eÈsxÆmvn, -on

I transform prominent, of high repute

5 5

————— Ùkt≈ ˆgdoow, -h, -on

eight eighth

(octopus)

65

6 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ————— Ùneid¤zv ÙneidismÒw, -oË, ı

I reproach, insult reproach, insult

9 5

————— ÙjÊw, -e›a, -Ê ˆjow, -ouw, tÒ

sharp sour wine, vinegar

8 6

————— skiã, -çw, ≤ §piskiãzv

shade, shadow I overshadow, cover

7 5

————— sklhrÊnv sklhrÒw, -ã, -Òn

I harden hard, difficult

(multiple sclerosis) 6 5

————— stoixe›on, -ou, tÒ stoix°v

element; heavenly body

7

I hold to, follow

5

————— fye¤rv fyartÒw, -Æ, -Òn êfyartow, -h, -on éfyars¤a, -aw, ≤ diafye¤rv diafyorã, -çw, ≤ fyorã, -çw, ≤

I destroy, ruin perishable, corruptible imperishable, incorruptible incorruptibility, immortality I destroy, ruin destruction, corruption destruction

9 6 8 7 6 6 9

————— xr¤v ént¤xristow, -ou, ı

I anoint antichrist5

(christen) (antichrist)

5 5

(psalm)

7 5

————— calmÒw, -oË, ı cãllv

song of praise, psalm I sing

Note that the proper noun XristÒw, “Messiah, Christ,” is also a member of this word family. 5

66

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate ————— ”dÆ, -∞w, ≤ õdv

song I sing

(ode)

67

7 5

Part Four

New Testament Greek Vocabulary without Cognate, Listed by Frequency IV. A. Words Occurring 400 or More Times épÒ gãr d° diã

(with gen.) from, away from for but, and (frequently untranslated) (with gen.) through; (with acc.) because of, for the sake of (with dat.) in (with gen.) over, upon; (with dat.) on, in; (with acc.) on, against God, god therefore, then

§n §p¤

yeÒw, -oË, ı oÔn

(apostasy)

(diameter)

646 1042 2801 668

(cf. in) (epigraph)

2757 891

(theology)

1318 501

IV. B. Words Occurring 155–399 Times énÆr, -drow, ı gunÆ, -aikÒw, ≤ ¶ynow, -ouw, tÒ eÂw, m¤a, ßn1 eÍr¤skv ≥ kard¤a, -aw, ≤ ˆxlow, -ou, ı parã

man woman nation, the Gentiles one I find, discover or, either heart multitude (with gen.) from; (with dat.) at, by; (with acc.) by, near

1

(android) (gynecologist) (ethnic) (heuristic) (cardiologist) (parasite)

216 215 162 346 176 344 157 175 194

These three gender-forms of “one” are in reality three separate words, as can readily be seen from their different forms. Each has its own cognates, e.g., oÈde›w, oÈdem¤a, oÈd°n, respectively. They are shown together here to aid memorization.

68

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency per¤ pÒliw, -evw, ≤ pr«tow, -h, -on t° xe¤r, xeirÒw, ≤

(with gen.) about, concerning; (with acc.) around, near city first and hand

(perimeter)

333

(politics) (prototype)

164 156 215 178

IV. C. Words Occurring 100–154 Times émÆn ßvw laÒw, -oË, ı m°llv mÒnow, -h, -on nekrÒw, -ã, -Òn ˜low, -h, -on pãlin sÊn s«ma, -atow, tÒ Íp°r Àra, -aw, ≤

so let it be, truly, amen until people I am about to, intend only, alone dead whole, complete again (with dat.) with body (with gen.) on behalf of; (with acc.) above hour

(amen)

130 146 (cf. laity) 142 109 (monotone) 115 (necrology) 128 (hologram) 110 141 (syntax) 128 (psychosomatic) 142 (hyperactive) 150 (horoscope)

106

IV. D. Words Occurring 50–99 Times aÂma, -atow, tÒ ékolouy°v épokte¤nv êrtow, -ou, ı gl«ssa, -hw, ≤ eﬁrÆnh, -hw, ≤ ßkastow, -h, -on ¶sxatow, -h, -on ßterow, -a, -on ¶ti yãlassa, -hw, ≤ yrÒnow, -ou, ı kairÒw, -oË, ı

blood I follow I kill bread tongue, language peace each, every last other, another, different yet, still sea throne time, right time 69

(hemoglobin) (acolyte)

(glossolalia) (irenic) (eschatology) (heterosexual)

(throne)

97 90 74 97 50 92 82 52 99 93 91 62 86

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary kefalÆ, -∞w, ≤ makãriow, -a, -on mÆthr, -trÒw, ≤ nÊj, nuktÒw, ≤ ˆrow, -ouw, tÒ presbÊterow, -a, -on proskun°v sãbbaton, -ou, tÒ stÒma, -atow, tÒ tÒpow, -ou, ı tuflÒw, -Æ, -Òn Ïdvr, -atow, tÒ

head blessed, happy mother night mountain, hill old; (as a noun) elder I worship Sabbath, week mouth place blind water

(encephalitis)

(Presbyterian)

75 50 83 61 63 66

(Sabbath)

60 68

(maternal) (cf . nocturnal)

(stomach) (topography) (hydroelectric)

78 94 50 78

IV. E. Words Occurring 26–49 Times 1. égrÒw, -oË, ı ênemow, -ou, ı ëptv êra érn¤on, -ou, tÒ êrti êxri bastãzv g° ¶tow, -ouw, tÒ ¥kv ¥liow, -ou, ı yerapeÊv yhr¤on, -ou, tÒ yugãthr, -trÒw, ≤ yÊra, -aw, ≤ ﬂkanÒw, -Æ, -Òn kainÒw, -Æ, -Òn

field, farm wind I kindle; I touch, hold so, then sheep, lamb now, just until I bear (usually untranslatable particle, emphasizing the word it follows) year I have come, am present sun I care for, heal (therapeutic) animal daughter (cf. daughter)

49 26 32 43 46 28

door sufficient, large new

39 39 42

70

(cf. door)

37 31 39 49 30 36 49 27 28

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency keleÊv k≈mh, -hw, ≤ 2. mãxaira, -hw, ≤ m°low, -ouw, tÒ mikrÒw, -ã, -Òn mis°v misyÒw, -oË, ı mustÆrion, -ou, tÒ na¤ naÒw, -oË, ı nikãv o‰now, -ou, ı Ùl¤gow, -h, -on ÙmnÊv/ˆmnumi oÈa¤ oÔw, »tÒw, tÒ plÆn prÒbaton, -ou, tÒ ptvxÒw, -Æ, -Òn xÆra, -aw, ≤

I command, urge village

26 27

sword member, part small I hate wages mystery, secret rites

29 34 46 40 29 28

yes, indeed temple I conquer wine few, little I swear, take an oath woe, alas ear but, except sheep poor widow

(microbe) (misanthrope) (mystery)

(cf. wine) (oligarchy)

33 45 28 34 41 26 47 37 31 39 34 27

IV. F. Words Occurring 10–25 Times 1. êkanya, -hw, ≤ ékrobust¤a, -aw, ≤ él°ktvr, -orow, ı ëlusiw, -evw, ≤ ëma émfÒteroi, -ai, -a ént¤ ériymÒw, -oË, ı és°lgeia, -aw, ≤ éskÒw, -oË, ı

thorn-plant uncircumcision, the Gentiles

14 20

cock, rooster

12

chain together both, all

11 10 14

(with gen.) in place of, for number licentiousness, sensuality wine-skin 71

(antichrist) (arithmetic)

22 18 10 12

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary éten¤zv aÈlÆ, -∞w, ≤ aÈjãnv éfor¤zv b¤ow, -ou, ı brontÆ, -∞w, ≤ g°enna, -hw, ≤ geÊomai gumnÒw, -Æ, -Òn dãkruon -ou, tÒ de›pnon, -ou, tÒ d°ndron, -ou, tÒ d°rv despÒthw, -ou, ı dhnãrion, -ou, tÒ d¤ktuon, -ou, tÒ dicãv dÒlow, -ou, ı drãkvn, -ontow, ı 2. §ãv ¶yow, -ouw, tÒ eﬁk≈n -Ònow, ≤ •katÒn §kte¤nv §lãxistow, -¤sth, -iston §l°gxv ¶natow, -h, -on ßneken or ßneka §niautÒw, -oË, ı ¶noxow, -on §p¤stamai yr¤j, trixÒw, ≤ ·ppow, -ou, ı ﬁxyÊw, -Êow, ı

I look intently, gaze courtyard, court I grow, increase I separate life thunder Gehenna, hell I taste; I come to know naked tear dinner, supper tree I beat lord, master denarius net I thirst deceit dragon

(aphorism) (biology) (brontosaurus) (gehenna) (gymnasium)

(rhododendron) (despot) (denarius)

(dragon)

14 12 23 10 10 12 12 15 15 10 16 25 15 10 16 12 16 11 13

I permit; I let go, leave alone custom, law (ethic) image (icon) one hundred I extend smallest, least

11 12 23 11 16 14

I expose, convict, convince ninth (with gen.) because of, for the sake of year liable, guilty I know, understand hair horse (hippopotamus) fish

17 10 19

72

14 10 14 15 17 20

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency kayãper kayeÊdv kãlamow, -ou, ı kapnÒw, -oË, ı katart¤zv k°raw, -atow, tÒ kerda¤nv koil¤a, -aw, ≤ kollãomai kom¤zv krãbattow, -ou, ı kvlÊv kvfÒw, -Æ, -Òn leukÒw, -Æ, -Òn l˙stÆw, -oË, ı l¤an l¤mnh, -hw, ≤ limÒw, -oË, ≤ 3. m°xri mÆn, mhnÒw, ı mÊron, -ou, tÒ nef°lh, -hw, ≤ nÆpiow, -¤a, -ion n¤ptv nÒsow, -ou, ≤ jÊlon, -ou, tÒ ÙdoÊw, ÙdÒntow, ı ˜rkow, -ou, ı ˆfiw, -evw, ı Ùc¤a, -aw, ≤ pary°now, -ou, ≤ and ı patãssv peinãv peristerã, -çw, ≤

as, just as I sleep reed smoke I mend, fit, perfect horn I gain womb, belly I cling to, join I receive mattress, bed I hinder, forbid mute, deaf white robber very (much) lake hunger, famine until month ointment, perfume cloud infant, minor I wash disease, illness wood, tree; cross tooth oath snake, serpent evening virgin I strike I hunger pigeon, dove 73

(triceratops)

(leukemia)

(menopause) (myrrh)

(xylophone) (orthodontist)

(the Parthenon)

13 22 12 13 13 11 17 22 12 10 11 23 14 25 15 12 11 12 17 18 14 25 15 17 11 20 12 10 14 14 15 10 23 10

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary p°tra, -aw, ≤ phgÆ, -∞w, ≤ piãzv plhs¤on poik¤low, -h, -on potamÒw, -oË, ı pra@thw, -htow, ≤ pr¤n proskarter°v prv˝ punyãnomai pvl°v p«low, -ou, ≤ 4. =abb¤ =ãbdow, -ou, ≤ =¤za, -hw, ≤ =Êomai saleÊv sigãv s›tow, -ou, ı sivpãv st°fanow, -ou, ı sthr¤zv suk∞, -∞w, ≤ sfãzv sfÒdra tãlanton, -ou, tÒ tarãssv tel≈nhw, -ou, ı t°raw, -atow, tÒ tolmãv trãpeza, -hw, ≤ tr°xv Íphr°thw, -ou, ı

rock, stone spring, fountain I seize, catch near manifold river, stream gentleness, humility, meekness before I hold fast to early (in the morning) I ask I sell ass’s foal, young donkey rabbi rod, staff root I save I shake I am silent, still wheat, grain I am silent crown I establish, strengthen fig tree I slaughter very (much) talent I trouble tax collector wonder I dare table I run servant, assistant

74

(Peter)

(hippopotamus)

(monopoly) (rabbi)

(Stephen) (steroids)

(talent)

(cf. trek)

15 11 12 17 10 17 11 13 10 12 12 22 12 15 12 17 17 15 10 14 10 18 13 16 10 11 14 18 21 16 16 15 20 20

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency fe¤domai fiãlh, -hw, ≤ xe¤rvn, -on xit≈n, -«now, ı xo›row, -ou, ı xvlÒw, -Æ, -Òn Œ »fel°v

I spare bowl worse tunic swine lame O! Oh! I help

(vial)

(O!)

10 12 11 11 12 14 17 15

IV. G. Words Occurring 5–9 Times 1. êbussow, -ou, ≤ éganakt°v ég°lh, -hw, ≤ éetÒw, -oË, ı éÆr, é°row, ı aﬁgialÒw, -oË, ı ékrib«w êkron, -ou, tÒ êmmow, -ou, ≤ énektÒterow, -on ényÊpatow, -ou, ı èplÒthw, -htow, ≤ épodhm°v époyÆkh, -hw, ≤ époster°v épvy°omai érgÒw, -Æ, -Òn éretÆ, -∞w, ≤ érk°v êrrvstow, -on êrshn, -enow, ı ésÊnetow, -on ésfalÆw, -°w éformÆ, -∞w, ≤ bãyow, -ouw, tÒ bãrbarow, -on

abyss, underworld I am indignant herd eagle air shore accurately, carefully high point, limit sand more bearable, endurable proconsul sincerity I journey storehouse, barn I steal I repudiate idle virtue I am enough, suffice sick male foolish safe, firm occasion, opportunity depth strange, foreign 75

(abyss)

(air)

(acrophobia)

(apothecary)

(cf. asinine)

(bath) (barbarian)

9 7 7 5 7 6 9 6 5 5 5 8 6 6 6 6 8 5 8 5 9 5 5 7 8 6

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary bãtow, -ou, ≤ bd°lugma, -atow, tÒ 2. bÒskv boËw, -Òw, ı braxÊw, -e›a, -Ê br°fow, -ouw, tÒ br°xv brugmÒw, -oË, ı bÊssinow, -h, -on gãla, -aktow, tÒ gastÆr, -trÒw, ≤ goggÊzv dãktulow, -ou, ı dapanãv dhlÒv d¤w dokÒw, -oË, ≤ dr°panon, -ou, tÒ d«ma, -atow, tÒ §gkentr¤zv eﬁkª §kmãssv §laÊnv ßlkv §mbrimãomai §mptÊv §ja¤fnhw ¶peimi §pieikÆw, -°w §pipoy°v §pixorhg°v §raunãv §syÆw, -∞tow, ≤ eÔ

thornbush abomination I tend, feed ox; (fem.) cow short, little baby I send rain gnashing made of fine linen milk belly, womb I murmur finger I spend freely I make clear twice beam sickle roof, housetop I graft in vain I wipe I drive, row I draw I warn; I am deeply moved I spit on (or) at suddenly, unexpectedly I come after gentle I desire I provide, give, support I search, examine clothing well 76

5 6

(cf. bovine)

(galaxy) (gastric) (pterodactyl)

(cf. di-)

(dome)

(eulogy)

9 8 7 8 7 7 5 5 9 8 8 5 7 6 6 8 7 6 6 5 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 9 5 6 8 6

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency eÈnoËxow, -ou, ı ¶xidna, -hw, ≤

eunuch viper

(eunuch)

3. zhmiÒomai zizãnion, -ou, tÒ zÒfow, -ou, ı zugÒw, -oË, ı ≤lik¤a, -aw, ≤ ¥misuw, -eia, -u ≤suxãzv ye›on, -ou, tÒ yerma¤nomai yÒrubow, -ou, ı y≈raj, -akow, ı ‡sow, -h, -on kãmhlow, -ou, ı kãrfow, -ouw, tÒ katap°tasma, -atow, tÒ kathx°v k∞pow, -ou, ı kibvtÒw, -oË, ≤ k¤ndunow, -ou, ı kin°v kolaf¤zv kÒlpow, -ou, ı koniortÒw, -oË, ı

I teach garden ark danger I move I strike breast, chest dust

4. korãsion, -ou, tÒ kÒfinow, -ou, ı krãspedon, -ou, tÒ kremãnnumi kroÊv ktãomai kÊklƒ kËma, -atow, tÒ kÊvn, -nÒw, ı

little girl basket hem, tassel I hang I knock I acquire (all) around wave dog

I forfeit weed darkness yoke age, stature half I am quiet sulphur I warm myself noise, turmoil breastplate equal camel speck, chip curtain

(hemisphere)

(cf. thermometer) (thorax) (isometrics) (camel)

(catechize)

(kinetic)

(coffin)

(cycle) (cynic)

77

8 5 6 8 5 6 8 5 5 7 6 7 5 8 6 6 6 8 5 6 9 8 5 6 5 8 6 5 7 9 7 8 5 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary leprÒw, -ã, -Òn l°vn, -ontow, ı lhnÒw, -oË, ≤ loÊv lÊkow, -ou, ı mãgow, -ou, ı ma¤nomai margar¤thw, -ou, ı mãtaiow, -a¤a, -aion meyÊv m°law, -aina, -an mestÒw, -Æ, -Òn mia¤nv mimhtÆw, -oË, ı mnç, mnçw, ≤ mÒliw mÒsxow, -ou, ı mËyow, -ou, ı muriãw, -ãdow, ≤ 5. n∞sow, -ou, ≤ nÆfv nÒtow, -ou, ı ÙyÒnion, -ou, tÒ oﬁktirmÒw, -oË, ı ˆnar, tÒ ˆnow, -ou, ı/≤ ˜plon, -ou, tÒ ırmãv ˜siow, -¤a, -on ÙsmÆ, -∞w, ≤ ÙsfËw, -Êow, ≤ oÈrã, -çw, ≤ Ùcãrion, -ou, tÒ pag¤w, -¤dow, ≤ pa¤v

leprous lion wine-press I wash, bathe wolf Magus; magician I am mad pearl idle, useless I am drunk black full I defile imitator mina with difficulty, scarcely calf tale, myth ten thousand, myriad

(leper) (lion)

(magic) (cf. mania) (Margaret)

(methyl alcohol) (melancholy)

(cf. mime)

(myth) (myriad)

island I am sober, self-controlled south, south wind linen cloth mercy dream (only in nom. and acc.) donkey weapon I set out, rush devout, holy odor waist, loins tail fish trap I strike, wound 78

9 9 5 5 6 6 5 9 6 7 6 9 5 6 9 6 6 5 8 9 6 7 5 5 5 5 6 5 8 6 8 5 5 5 5

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency parakÊptv paroim¤a, -aw, ≤ penyerã, -çw, ≤ pepo¤yhsiw, -evw, ≤ phlÒw, -oË, ı pÆra, -aw, ≤ p¤naj, -akow, ≤ piprãskv plate›a, -aw, ≤ pleurã, -çw, ≤ prait≈rion, -ou, tÒ pr°pv 6. pta¤v pt°ruj, -ugow, ≤ pvrÒv =¤ptv =omfa¤a, -aw, ≤ saprÒw, -ã, -Òn sb°nnumi selÆnh, -hw, ≤ sidhroËw, -ç, -oËn s¤napi, -evw, tÒ sind≈n, Ònow, ≤ spe›ra, -hw, ≤ spÆlaion, -ou, tÒ spur¤w, -¤dow, ≤ stãdion, -ou, tÒ stãxuw, -uow, ı ste›ra, -aw, ≤ stenãzv st∞yow, -ouw, tÒ strvnnÊv sumbibãzv sumpn¤gv

I bend over proverb, figure mother-in-law confidence

5 5 6 6

clay, mud bag dish I sell street side praetorium

6 6 5 9 9 5 8

(place) (pleurisy)

I am fitting

7

I stumble wing I harden I throw down sword rotten I extinguish moon iron mustard linen cloth, tunic, shirt cohort cave, den basket stade, 192 meters head, ear (of grain) barren I sigh, groan chest, breast I spread I unite; I conclude I crowd out, choke out 79

(pterodactyl)

(cf. spelunker) (stadium) (cf. sterile) (stethoscope)

5 5 5 7 7 8 8 9 5 5 6 7 6 5 7 5 5 6 5 6 7 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary sÊrv te›xow, -ouw, tÒ trãxhlow, -ou, ı trÒmow, -ou, ı tr≈gv

I draw (city) wall neck, throat trembling I eat (audibly)

7. Íbr¤zv ÍetÒw, -oË, ı ÍperÆfanow, -on Ïpnow, -ou, ı faËlow, -h, -on fyãnv fyÒnow, -ou, ı fimÒv

I treat arrogantly, insult rain arrogant, haughty sleep worthless, evil I arrive; I precede envy I muzzle; (pass.) I am silenced flÒj, flogÒw, ≤ flame fr°ar, -atow, tÒ a well fÊllon, -ou, tÒ leaf fÊrama, -atow, tÒ dough fusiÒv I puff up, make proud xalãv I let down xalkÒw, -oË, ı brass, bronze, money xãragma, -atow, tÒ mark, stamp xe›low, -ouw, tÒ lip xeim≈n, -«now, ı winter, stormy weather …sannã hosanna!

80

(trachea) (tremor) (cf. hubris) (cf. wet) (hypnotism)

(chlorophyll)

(cf. character)

5 9 7 5 6 5 5 5 6 6 7 9 7 7 7 6 5 7 7 5 8 7 6 6

Part Five

Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs Listed below in alphabetical order are the proper words that occur ﬁve or more times in the New Testament. For most words, the student can rather easily move from the Greek to the English with a minimum of study. ÉAar≈n, indecl., ı ÉAbraãm, indecl., ı ÉAgr¤ppaw, -a, ı ÉAdãm, indecl., ı AﬁgÊptiow, -›a, -ion A‡guptow, -ou, ≤ ÉAkÊlaw, acc. -an, ı ÉAl°jandrow, -ou, ı ÑAlfa›ow, -ou, ı ÉAnan¤aw, -ou, ı ÉAndr°aw, -ou, ı ÉAntiÒxeia, -aw, ≤ ÉApoll«w, -«, ı ÉAr¤starxow, -ou, ı ÖArtemiw, -idow, ≤ ÉAs¤a, -aw, ≤ ÉAxa˝a, -aw, ≤ Babul≈n, -«now, ≤ Barabbçw,-ç, ı Barnabçw, -ç, ı BeelzeboÊl, indecl., ı Bhyan¤a, -aw, ≤ Bhyl°em, indecl., ≤ BhysaÛdã, indecl., ≤ GãÛow, -ou, ı

Aaron Abraham Agrippa Adam Egyptian Egypt Aquila Alexander Alphaeus Ananias Andrew Antioch Apollos Aristarchus Artemis Asia Achaia Babylon Barabbas Barnabas Beelzebub Bethany Bethlehem Bethsaida Gaius 81

5 73 11 9 5 25 6 6 5 11 13 18 10 5 5 18 10 12 11 28 7 12 8 7 5

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary Galila¤a, -aw, ≤ Galila›ow, -a, -on DamaskÒw, -oË, ≤ Dau¤d, indecl., ı ÑEbraÛst¤ ÉElisãbet, indecl., ≤ ÜEllhn, -hnow, ı ÉEf°siow, -¤a, -ion ÖEfesow, -ou, ı Zaxar¤aw, -ou, ı Zebeda¤ow, -ou, ı ÉHl¤aw, -ou, ı ÑHr–dhw, -ou, ı ÑHrƒdiãw, -ãdow, ≤ ÉHsa˝aw, -ou, ı Yessalon¤kh, -hw, ≤ Yvmçw, -ç, ı ÉIak≈b, indecl., ı ÉIãkvbow, -ou, ı ÉIãsvn, -onow, ı ÉIerix≈, indecl., ≤ ÑIerosÒluma, indecl., tã / ≤ ÉIerousalÆm, indecl., ≤ ÉIessa¤, indecl., ı ÉIhsoËw, -oË, ı ÉIkÒnion, -ou, tÒ ÉIÒpph, -hw, ≤ ÉIordãnhw, -ou, ı ÉIouda¤a, -aw, ≤ ÉIouda›ow, -a›a, -a›on ÉIoÊdaw, -a, ı ÉIsaãk, indecl., ı ÉIskari≈thw, -ou, ı ÉIsraÆl, indecl., ı

Galilee Galilean Damascus David in Hebrew or Aramaic Elizabeth a Greek Ephesian Ephesus Zechariah Zebedee Elijah Herod Herodias Isaiah Thessalonica Thomas Jacob James Jason Jericho Jerusalem Jerusalem Jesse Jesus, Joshua Iconium Joppa Jordan Judea Judean, Jewish Judah, Judas, Jude Isaac Iscariot Israel 82

61 11 15 59 7 9 25 5 16 11 12 29 43 6 22 5 11 27 42 5 7 62 77 5 919 6 10 15 44 195 45 20 8 68

Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs ÉIsrahl¤thw, -ou, ı ÉIvãnnhw, -ou, ı ÉIvnçw, -ç, ı ÉIvsÆf, indecl., ı KaÛãfaw, -a, ı Ka›sar, -arow, ı Kaisãreia, -aw, ≤ KafarnaoÊm, indecl., ≤ Khfçw, -ç, ı Kilik¤a, -aw, ≤ KÒrinyow, -ou, ≤ KornÆliow, -ou, ı KrÆth, -hw, ≤ KÊprow, -ou, ≤ KurÆnaiow, -ou, ı Lãzarow, -ou, ı Laod¤keia, -aw, ≤ Leu¤w, Leu¤, ı / Leu¤, indecl., ı LÊstra, ≤ / tã MagdalhnÆ, -∞w, ≤ Mayya›ow, -ou, ı Makedon¤a, -aw, ≤ Maked≈n -Ònow, ı Mãrya, -aw, ≤ Mar¤a, -aw, ≤ Mariãm, indecl., ≤ Mçrkow, -ou, ı Melxis°dek, indecl., ı Mv#s∞w, -°vw, ı Nazar°y, indecl., ≤ NazarhnÒw, -Æ, -Òn

Nazvra¤ow, -ou, ı

an Israelite 9 John 135 Jonah 9 Joseph 35 Caiaphas 9 emperor, Caesar 29 Caesarea 17 Capernaum 16 Cephas 9 Cilicia 8 Corinth 6 Cornelius 8 Crete 5 Cyprus 5 a Cyrenian 6 Lazarus 15 Laodicea 6 Levi 6 Lystra 6 Magdalene, woman from Magdala 12 Matthew 5 Macedonia 22 a Macedonian 5 Martha 13 Mary 27 Mary, Miriam 27 Mark 8 Melchizedek 8 Moses 80 Nazareth 6 coming from Nazareth; 6 (as a noun) the Nazarene, inhabitant of Nazareth Nazorean, Nazarene 13 83

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary NayanaÆl, indecl., ı NikÒdhmow, -ou, ı N«e, indecl., ı Pamful¤a, -aw, ≤ PaËlow, -ou, ı P°trow, -ou, ı Pilçtow, -ou, ı ÑRvma›ow, -a, -on ÑR≈mh, -hw, ≤ Saddouka›ow, -ou, ı Samãreia, -aw, ≤ Samar¤thw, -ou, ı SaoÊl, indecl., ı Satançw, -ç, ı SaËlow, -ou, ı Sid≈n, -«now, ≤ S¤law, -a, ı S¤mvn, -vnow, ı Si≈n, indecl., ≤ SÒdoma, -vn, tã Solom≈n, -«now, ı St°fanow, -ou, ı Sume≈n, indecl., ı Sun°drion, -ou, tÒ Sur¤a, -aw, ≤ TimÒyeow, -ou, ı T¤tow, -ou, ı Trƒãw, -ãdow, ≤ TÊrow, -ou, ≤ TuxikÒw, -oË, ı Fara≈, indecl., ı Farisa›ow, -ou, ı F∞lij, -ikow, ı F∞stow, -ou, ı

Nathanael 6 Nicodemus 5 Noah 8 Pamphylia 5 Paul 158 Peter 156 Pilate 55 Roman 12 Rome 8 a Sadducee 14 Samaria 11 a Samaritan 9 Saul 9 the Adversary, Satan 36 Saul 15 Sidon 9 Silas 13 Simon 75 Zion 7 Sodom 9 Solomon 12 Stephen 7 Simeon 7 council, high council, Sanhedrin 22 Syria 8 Timothy 24 Titus 13 Troas 6 Tyre 11 Tychicus 5 Pharaoh 5 a Pharisee 99 Felix 9 Festus 13 84

Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs F¤lippow, -ou, ı XristÒw, -oË, ı

Philip the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ [cf. xr¤v and ént¤xristow]

85

36 531

Part Six

Helps for Verb Analysis An important, and probably the most challenging, part of learning the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament is learning the principal parts of numerous verbs. The student often learns these one by one in the daily lessons, but it is good to review them together. This section presents helps for learning and understanding the structure of verbs. First is a chart on the principal parts, tense systems, and aspects of the regular verb; second is an explanation of the elements of verb structure, especially as they are used in parsing verbs; and third is a list of the principal parts of many important verbs, arranged by type.

A. Principal Parts, Tense Systems, and Aspects of the Regular Verb lÊv

1. PRESENT SYSTEM a. Present tense (active, middle, passive) All moods Stem + ending (lu-omen) Indicative – continuing action in the present time Other forms – continuing action, time undetermined b. Imperfect tense (active, middle, passive) Augment + stem + ending (§-lu-omen) In the indicative mood only (continued action in past)

lÊsv

2. FUTURE SYSTEM Future tense (active & mid.) No subjunctive or imperative Stem + s + ending (lu-s-omen) Continued action or undeﬁned action in future

¶lusa

3. FIRST AORIST SYSTEM 1st Aorist Tense (active & middle) All moods (Augment) + stem + s + a-type ending (§-lu-s-amen) Indicative (with augment) – undeﬁned action in past Other moods (no augment) – undefined action, time undetermined 86

Helps for Verb Analysis l°luka

4. FIRST PERFECT ACTIVE SYSTEM a. Perfect tense (active only) All moods Reduplication + stem + k + a-type ending (le-lu-k-amen) Indicative – completed action in the present Other moods – completed action b. Pluperfect tense (active only) Augment + reduplication + stem + k + ending (§-le-lu-k-eimen) In the indicative mood only (completed action in the past)

l°lumai

5. PERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SYSTEM a. Perfect tense (middle and passive) All moods Reduplication + stem + middle-passive ending (le-lu-meya) Indicative – completed action in the present Other moods – completed action b. Pluperfect tense (middle and passive) Augment + reduplication + stem + mid.-pass. ending (§-le-lu-meya) In the indicative mood only (completed action in the past)

§lÊyhn

6. FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM a. Aorist tense (passive only) All moods (Augment) + stem + yh + active ending (§-lu-yh-men) Indicative (with augment) – undeﬁned action in the past Other moods (no augment) – undefined action, time undetermined b. Future tense (passive only) No subjunctive or imperative Stem + yh + s + passive ending (lu-yh-s-omeya) Continued action in the future

87

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

B. Elements of Verb Structure for Parsing Students are often called upon to “parse” (analyze grammatically) verbs of all sorts. Here is an explanation of verb structure necessary for parsing efﬁciently; it should be used for consolidation and review. All verbs have some or all of the following elements: 1. Tense: Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect (rare) 2. Aspect: Continual, Undeﬁned, Perfective 3. Voice: Active, Middle, Passive 4. Mood: Indicative, Subjunctive, Optative, Imperative, Inﬁnitive, Participle (Some grammarians do not consider the inﬁnitive and participle to be moods, but we will consider them so here for pedagogical reasons.) 5. Person: First, Second, Third 6. Number: Singular, Plural All tenses occur in all voices, persons, and numbers, but some of the tenses occur in only a limited group of moods: 1. Present tense: all moods 2. Imperfect tense: Indicative mood only 3. Future tense: Indicative, Optative, Inﬁnitive, and Participle 4. Aorist tense: all moods 5. Perfect tense: all moods 6. Pluperfect tense: Indicative mood only 7. Future Perfect tense: Indicative, Optative, Inﬁnitive, and Participle (This tense is seldom used, and then almost always in the passive voice.) Aspects of verbs are directly related to tense: 1. Continual aspect: Present, Imperfect and Future tenses 2. Undeﬁned aspect: Aorist tense only 3. Perfective aspect: Perfect and Pluperfect tenses 88

Helps for Verb Analysis In order to parse and translate a verb correctly the student must be able to give the following information: For Finite Verbs (i.e., indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative): tense, aspect, voice, mood, person and number. Here, for example, is the parsing of lÊv: Voice Tense Aspect Present Continual Active

Mood Person Indicative First

Number Singular

For Infinitives: tense, aspect, voice and “mood.” Here, for example, is lÊein: Tense Aspect Voice Present Continual Active

“Mood” Inﬁnitive

For Participles: tense, aspect, voice, “mood,” gender, number and case. Here, for example, is lÊvn: Tense Aspect Voice Present Continual Active

“Mood” Gender Number Participle Masculine Singular

Case Nominative

C. Principal Parts of Common Verbs, Arranged by Type The Greek verb forms its principal parts in rather regular ways. Students who master these patterns will have come a good distance in learning to read rapidly, and understand, the New Testament. The following sections contain all the verbs in the New Testament that occur ﬁfty or more times; they represent fully all the different types of verbs. Where no form appears, that principal part does not occur in the New Testament. Hyphenated forms are found only in compounds.

89

1. Omega-type verbs

90

Present lÊv êgv ékoÊv éno¤gv êrxv éspãzomai bapt¤zv bl°pv g¤nomai gin≈skv grãfv d°xomai didãskv dojãzv dÊnamai eÈaggel¤zv

Future lÊsv êjv ékoÊsv éno¤jv êrjv bapt¤sv bl°cv genÆsomai gn≈somai grãcv didãjv dojãsv dunÆsomai

Aorist ¶lusa ≥gagon ≥kousa én°ƒja ≥rja ±spasãmhn §bãptisa ¶bleca §genÒmhn ¶gnvn ¶graca §dejãmhn §d¤daja §dÒjasa eÈhgg°lisa

Perfect Active l°luka ékÆkoa én°ƒga

g°gona ¶gnvka g°grafa

Perfect Middle l°lumai -∑gmai én°ƒgmai

Aorist Passive §lÊyhn ≥xyhn ±koÊsyhn éne–xyhn

bebãptismai

§bapt¤syhn

geg°nhmai ¶gnvsmai g°grammai d°dhgmai

§genÆyhn §gn≈syhn §grãfhn §d°xyhn §didãxyhn §dojãsyhn §dunÆyhn eÈhggel¤syhn

dedÒjasmai eÈhgg°lismai

Meaning loose lead listen open rule salute baptize see become know write receive teach glorify be able preach good news

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

Omega-type verbs are by far the most common type. Below are listed both active and middle forms occurring ﬁfty times or more. Although it does not occur more than ﬁfty times in the New Testament apart from compounds, lÊv is given ﬁrst as paradigmatic.

khrÊjv krãjv p°mcv pisteÊsv poreÊsomai proseÊjomai s≈sv o‡sv xarÆsomai

§kÆruja ¶kraja ¶pemca §p¤steusa proshujãmhn ¶svsa ≥negka

kekÆrugmai

§khrÊxyhn

pep¤steuka

pep¤steumai pepÒreumai

§p°mfyhn §pisteÊyhn §poreÊyhn

s°svka -enÆnoxa

s°svsmai

k°kraga

§s≈yhn ±n°xyhn §xãrhn

proclaim shout send believe proceed worship save bring rejoice

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2. Contract verbs A. Epsilon contracts aﬁt°v dok°v zht°v kal°v lal°v martur°v peripat°v poi°v thr°v fob°omai

aﬁtÆsv dÒjv zhtÆsv kal°sv lalÆsv marturÆsv peripatÆsv poiÆsv thrÆsv fobÆsomai

æthsa ¶doja §zÆthsa §kãlesa §lãlhsa §martÊrhsa periepãthsa §po¤hsa §tÆrhsa

æthka

ºtÆyhn

k°klhka lelãlhka memartÊrhka

k°klhmai lelãlhmai memartÊrhmai

§zhtÆyhn §klÆyhn §lalÆyhn §marturÆyhn

pepo¤hka tetÆrhka

pepo¤hmai tetÆrhmai

§thrÆyhn §fobÆyhn

ask seem seek call speak witness walk do, make keep

fear

Helps for Verb Analysis

khrÊssv krãzv p°mpv pisteÊv poreÊomai proseÊxomai s–zv f°rv xa¤rv

B. Alpha contracts égapãv gennãv

égapÆsv gennÆsv

±gãphka geg°nnhka

±gãphmai geg°nnhmai

±gapÆyhn §gennÆyhn

love beget

§plÆrvsa

peplÆrvka

peplÆrvmai

§plhr≈yhn

ﬁll, fulﬁll

∑ra ép°steila ≥geira ±y°lhsa ¶krina ¶meina ¶speira

∑rka ép°stalka

∑rmai ép°stalmai §gÆgermai

≥ryhn épestãlhn ±g°ryhn

k°krika mem°nhka

k°krimai

§kr¤yhn

¶sparmai

§spãrhn

take up send raise will judge remain sow

ép°yanon ¶balon ∑lyon ¶fagon ¶sxon ¶labon

t°ynhka b°blhka §lÆluya

C. Omicron contracts plhrÒv

plhr≈sv

3. Liquid verbs

92

a‡rv épost°llv §ge¤rv y°lv kr¤nv m°nv spe¤rv

ér« épostel« §ger« krin« men« sper«

4. Second Aorists époynπskv bãllv ¶rxomai §sy¤v ¶xv lambãnv

époyanoËmai bal« §leÊsomai fãgomai ßjv lÆmcomai

¶sxhka e‰lhfa

b°blhmai

§blÆyhn

die throw come eat have take

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

±gãphsa §g°nnhsa

l°gv ırãv p¤nv p¤ptv

§r« ˆcomai p¤omai pesoËmai

e‰pon e‰don ¶pion ¶peson

e‡rhka •≈raka p°pvka p°ptvka

e‡rhmai -p°pvmai

§rr°yhn Êfyhn -epÒyhn

say see drink fall

5. MI-verbs épol°sv ép≈lesa épÒlvla éfÆsv éf∞ka éfe›ka éfe›mai éf°yhn d≈sv ¶dvka d°dvka d°domai §dÒyhn stÆsv ¶sthsa ¶sthka §stãyhn yÆsv ¶yhka t°yeika t°yeimai §t°yhn [a defective verb; the only other form that occurs in other principal parts is ¶fh, the third singular of both the imperfect and the second aorist]

destroy forgive give stand place say

Helps for Verb Analysis

93

épÒllumi éf¤hmi d¤dvmi ·sthmi t¤yhmi fhm¤

Part Seven

Helps for Translating aujtov~ and Similar Words I.

The words and their meanings A. aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ:

he, she, it (personal pronoun) himself, herself, itself (intensive adjective when in predicate position) same (identical adjective when in attributive position)

B. •autoË, •aut∞w, •autoË: himself, herself, itself (reﬂexive pronoun; in genitive, dative and accusative cases only) C. aÏth: this (demonstrative adjective/pronoun) II. Examples of usage A. aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ Personal pronoun: ı énØr égapò tØn §kklhs¤an aÈtoË. “The man loves his church.” aÈtÚw égapò tØn §kklhs¤an aÈtoË. “He loves his church.” N.B.: aÈtÒw is used by itself here, apart from any relationship to the deﬁnite article. Its gender and number are determined by its antecedent; its case is determined by its use. Intensive adjective (“-self”): ≤ gunØ aÈtØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an. “The woman herself loves the church.” aÈtØ ≤ gunØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an. “The woman herself loves the church.” N.B.: aÈtÒw is used in the predicate position when used to intensify the word it modiﬁes. It agrees in gender, number and case with this word. 94

Helps for Translating aÈtÒw and Similar Words Identical adjective (“same”): ı aÈtÚw énØr égapò tØn §kklhs¤an. “The same man loves the church.” ı énØr égapò tØn aÈtØn §kklhs¤an. “The man loves the same church.” N.B.: aÈtÒw normally is used in the attributive position; it agrees in gender, number and case with the noun it modiﬁes. B. Reﬂexive pronoun: ≤ gunØ égapò •autÆn. “The woman loves herself.” N.B.: The initial • is the deﬁnite clue. C. Demonstrative pronoun: aÏth ≤ gunØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an. “This woman loves the church.” N.B.: The rough breathing and the accent over the initial diphthong are deﬁnite clues for the meaning “this.” Also, only the feminine nominative forms aÏth and aÏtai look at all like aÈtÒw.

95

Part Eight

Prepositions A. Proper Prepositions énã ént¤ épÒ diã eﬁw §k §n §p¤

katã metã parã

per¤ prÒ prÒw sÊn Íp°r ÍpÒ

(with acc.) up; (with numbers) each, apiece (with gen.) in place of, for (with gen.) from, away from (with gen.) through; (with acc.) because of, for the sake of (with acc.) into, in (with gen.) from, out of (with dat.) in (with gen.) over, upon; (with dat.) on, in; (with acc.) on, against (with gen.) down, against; (with acc.) according to, along (with gen.) with; (with acc.) after, behind (with gen.) from; (with dat.) at, by; (with acc.) by, near (with gen.) about, concerning; (with acc.) around, near (with gen.) before, in front of (with dat.) near, at; (with acc.) to, toward (with dat.) with (with gen.) on behalf of; (with acc.) above (with gen.) by; (with acc.) under 96

(antichrist) (apostasy) (diameter) (eisegesis) (exhale) (in) (epigraph)

(catalytic)

(metaphysics) (paramedic) (perimeter) (prologue) (prosthetic) (synthesis) (hyperactive) (hypodermic)

Prepositions

B. Improper Prepositions ëma ênv ép°nanti §ggÊw ¶mprosyen ßneken, ßneka §n≈pion §ktÒw ¶jv ¶jvyen §pãnv ¶sv ¶svyen ßvw kÊklƒ m°sow metajÊ m°xri ˆpisyen Ùp¤sv p°ran plÆn plhs¤on Ípokãtv xãrin xvr¤w

together above, upward opposite, against near in front of, before because of, for the sake of before outside outside, out from outside above, over in, inside inside, within; from within until (all) around middle, in the middle between until from behind behind, back across except near under for the sake of without, apart from

97

(ectoplasm)

(esoteric)

(cycle) (Mesopotamia)

Part Nine

Conjunctions, Negatives and Adverbs A special challenge to the student of Greek is often posed by particles, small words that are indeclinable, often compounded, and frequently similar to each other in Greek spelling and English meaning. Few, if any, have English derivatives. These words are important in reading and interpreting, and a little extra study to learn them carefully will pay good dividends. Most particles are conjunctions, negatives, or adverbs; these important particles from Parts Three and Four are presented again here for review.

Conjunctions éllã d°

ên êra gãr g° §ãn e‡ ·na ka¤ ˜ti oÔn Àste

but (strong adversative) and, but (mild adversative; postpositive [does not stand ﬁrst in its clause]); m¢n . . . d°, “on the one hand . . . on the other hand” (usually untranslatable, but with a generally conditional meaning such as “should, could”) so, then (postpositive) for (postpositive) indeed, even (postpositive) if (takes a verb in the subjunctive mood) if in order that, that (takes a verb in the subjunctive) and, also, likewise (ka¤ . . . ka¤, “both . . . and”) that, because, since therefore therefore, so that

Negatives oÈ oÈd°

no, not (used with indicative verbs; emphatic form is oÈx¤) and not, nor (oÈd° . . . oÈd°, “neither . . . nor”; all forms are used with indicative verbs)

98

Conjunctions, Negatives, and Adverbs mÆ mhd°

no, not (used with non-indicative verbs) and not, nor yet (mhd° . . . mhd°, “neither . . . nor”; all forms are used with non-indicative verbs)

Adverbs ênvyen eÈy°vw ≥dh mãkroyen mhk°ti ˜te oÈd°pote oÈk°ti oÎpv poË pÒyen pÒte p«w sÆmeron tÒte pãntote

again, from above immediately now, already from afar no longer (used with non-indicative verbs) when never no more, no longer (used with indicative verbs) not yet where? (note that this and the next three adverbs beginning with p are interrogatives) from where? when? how? today then always

99

Part Ten

Numbers The following numbers and related words from Parts Three and Four are brought together here for greater ease in memorization and review. ————— eÂw, m¤a, ßn

one —————

dÊo deÊterow, -a, -on

two second

(duet) (Deuteronomy)

————— tre›w, tr¤a tr¤w tr¤tow, -h, -on triãkonta

three three times third thirty

(cf. Trinity)

————— t°ssarew tessarãkonta t°tartow, -h, -on tetrakisx¤lioi eﬁkosit°ssarew

four forty fourth four thousand twenty-four —————

p°nte pentÆkonta pentakisx¤lioi

ﬁve ﬁfty ﬁve thousand —————

ßj ßktow, -h, -on •jÆkonta

six sixth sixty —————

100

(pentagon)

Numbers •ptã ßbdomow, -h, -on

seven seventh —————

Ùkt≈ ˆgdoow, -h, -on

eight eighth

(octopus)

————— d°ka

ten

(decade)

————— ßndeka

eleven —————

d≈deka

twelve —————

dekat°ssarew

fourteen —————

diakÒsioi, -ai, -a xiliãw, -ãdow, ≤ x¤lioi, -ai, -a

two hundred (a group of) a thousand thousands

101

Index to Parts Three and Four A êbussow 75 égayopoi°v 25 égayÒw 25 égall¤asiw 51 égalliãv 51 éganakt°v 75 égapãv 25 égãph 25 égaphtÒw 25 êggelow 19 ég°lh 75 ègiãzv 19 ègiasmÒw 19 ëgiow 19 ègn¤zv 63 égno°v 20 ègnÒw 63 égorã 41 égorãzv 41 égrÒw 70 êgv 32 ég≈n 63 égvn¤zomai 63 édelfÆ 19 édelfÒw 19 édik°v 35 édik¤a 35 êdikow 35 édÒkimow 21 édÊnatow 21

õdv 67 ée¤ 26 éetÒw 75 êzumow 55 éÆr 75 éyet°v 32 aﬁgialÒw 75 aÂma 69 aﬁn°v 54 a·resiw 52 a‡rv 25 aﬁsxÊnh 56 aﬁsxÊnomai 56 aﬁt°v 33 aﬁt¤a 33 a‡tiow 33 aﬁ≈n 26 aﬁ≈niow 26 ékayars¤a 41 ékãyartow 41 êkanya 71 êkarpow 37 ékatastas¤a 28 ékoÆ 12 ékolouy°v 69 ékoÊv 12 ékrib«w 75 ékrobust¤a 71 êkron 75 ëlaw 63 éle¤fv 63 103

él°ktvr 71 élÆyeia 26 élhyÆw 26 élhyinÒw 26 élhy«w 26 èlieÊw 63 éllã 12 éllãssv 12 éllÆlvn 12 êllow 12 éllÒtriow 12 ëlusiw 71 ëma 71 èmartãnv 19 èmart¤a 19 èmartvlÒw 19 êmemptow 63 émÆn 69 êmmow 75 êmpelow 51 émpel≈n 51 émfÒteroi 71 êmvmow 63 ên 20 énã 51 énaba¤nv 34 énabl°pv 27 énagg°llv 19 énagin≈skv 20 énagkãzv 52 énagka›ow 52

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary énãgkh 52 énãgv 32 énãyema 31 énair°v 52 énãkeimai 56 énakl¤nv 65 énakrãzv 37 énakr¤nv 20 énalambãnv 22 énamimnπskv 46 énãpausiw 59 énapaÊv 59 énap°mpv 38 énap¤ptv 39 énaplhrÒv 39 énãstasiw 28 énastr°fv 44 énastrofÆ 44 énat°llv 36 énatolÆ 36 énaf°rv 41 énaxvr°v 52 én°gklhtow 29 énektÒterow 75 ênemow 70 ênesiw 26 én°xomai 14 énÆr 68 ény¤sthmi 28 ényr≈pinow 12 ênyrvpow 12 ényÊpatow 75 én¤sthmi 28 énÒhtow 46 éno¤gv 33 énom¤a 23

ênomow 23 éntapod¤dvmi 13 ént¤ 71 ént¤dikow 35 ént¤keimai 56 éntil°gv 16 éntitãssomai 49 ént¤xristow 66 énupÒkritow 20 ênv 52 ênvyen 51 êjiow 42 éjiÒv 42 éj¤vw 24 éÒratow 17 épagg°llv 19 épãgv 32 ëpaj 52 éparn°omai 42 éparxÆ 33 ëpaw 17 épãth 63 épe¤yeia 24 épeiy°v 24 épeiyÆw 24 êpeimi 14 épekd°xomai 34 ép°nanti 64 ép°rxomai 14 ép°xv 15 épist°v 24 épist¤a 24 êpistow 24 èplÒthw 75 épÒ 68 épod°xomai 34 104

épodhm°v 75 épod¤dvmi 13 épodokimãzv 21 époyÆkh 75 époynπskv 28 épokayistãnv 28 épokay¤sthmi 28 épokalÊptv 42 épokãluciw 42 épokÒptv 53 épokr¤nomai 20 épokte¤nv 69 épolambãnv 22 épole¤pv 37 épÒllumi 33 épolog°omai 16 épolog¤a 16 épolÊtrvsiw 37 épolÊv 37 épor°v 30 épost°llv 26 époster°v 75 épÒstolow 26 épostr°fv 44 épotãssomai 49 épot¤yemai 32 épof°rv 41 ëptv 70 épvy°omai 75 ép≈leia 33 êra 70 érgÒw 75 érgÊrion 52 êrgurow 52 ér°skv 52 éretÆ 75

Index to Parts Three and Four ériymÒw 71 érk°v 75 érn°omai 42 érn¤on 70 èrpãzv 52 ërpaj 52 êrrvstow 75 êrshn 75 êrti 70 êrtow 69 érxa›ow 33 érxÆ 33 érxiereÊw 26 érxisunãgvgow 33 êrxv 33 êrxvn 33 és°beia 55 ésebÆw 55 és°lgeia 71 ésy°neia 42 ésyen°v 42 ésyenÆw 42 éskÒw 71 éspãzomai 33 éspasmÒw 33 éstÆr 52 éstrapÆ 52 ésÊnetow 75 ésfalÆw 75 éten¤zv 72 étimãzv 49 étim¤a 49 aÈlÆ 72 aÈjãnv 72 aÎrion 54 aÈtÒw 12

éfair°v 52 éfan¤zv 50 êfesiw 26 éfyars¤a 66 êfyartow 66 éf¤hmi 26 éf¤sthmi 28 éfor¤zv 72 éformÆ 75 êfrvn 50 êxri 70

B bãyow 75 bãllv 26 bapt¤zv 34 bãptisma 34 baptistÆw 34 bãrbarow 75 bar°v 63 bãrow 63 barÊw 63 basan¤zv 53 basanismÒw 53 bastãzv 70 basile¤a 20 basileËw 20 basileÊv 20 basilikÒw 20 bãtow 76 bd°lugma 76 b°baiow 34 bebaiÒv 34 b°bhlow 34 b∞ma 34 bibl¤on 42 105

b¤blow 42 b¤ow 72 blasfhm°v 31 blasfhm¤a 31 bl°pv 27 boãv 53 bohy°v 53 bÒskv 76 bouleÊomai 42 boulÆ 42 boÊlomai 42 boËw 76 braxÊw 76 br°fow 76 br°xv 76 brontÆ 72 brugmÒw 76 br«ma 53 br«siw 53 bÊssinow 76

G gazofulake›on 50 gãla 76 gam°v 42 gam¤zv 42 gãmow 42 gastÆr 76 gãr 68 g° 70 g°enna 72 gem¤zv 53 g°mv 53 geneã 13 g°nesiw 13 gennãv 13

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary g°now 13 geÊomai 72 gevrgÒw 20 g∞ 20 g¤nomai 13 gin≈skv 20 gl«ssa 69 gn≈mh 20 gnvr¤zv 20 gn«siw 20 gnvstÒw 20 goggÊzv 76 gone›w 13 gÒnu 53 grãmma 21 grammateÊw 21 grafÆ 21 grãfv 21 grhgor°v 27 gumnÒw 72 gunÆ 68 gvn¤a 53

D daimon¤zomai 34 daimÒnion 34 dãkruon 72 dãktulow 76 dapanãv 76 d° 68 d°hsiw 27 de› 27 de¤knumi 43 de›pnon 72 d°ka 35 dekatessarew 35

dektÒw 34 d°ndron 72 d°omai 27 dejiÒw 34 d°rv 72 d°smiow 42 desmÒw 42 despÒthw 72 deËro 53 deËte 53 deÊterow 27 d°xomai 34 d°v 42 dÆ 36 dhlÒv 76 dhnãrion 72 diã 68 diãbolow 26 diayÆkh 32 diakon°v 43 diakon¤a 43 diãkonow 43 diakÒsioi 27 diakr¤nv 20 dial°gomai 16 diãlektow 16 dialog¤zomai 16 dialogismÒw 16 diamartÊromai 38 diam°nv 29 diamer¤zv 46 diãnoia 46 diano¤gv 33 diaperãv 59 diaporeÊomai 30 diarÆssv 63 106

diar(r)Ægnumi 63 diaskorp¤zv 64 diast°llomai 26 diastr°fv 44 dias–zv 31 diatãssv 49 diat¤yhmi 32 diatr¤bv 64 diaf°rv 41 diafye¤rv 66 diafyorã 66 didaskal¤a 35 didãskalow 35 didãskv 35 didaxÆ 35 d¤dvmi 13 diege¤rv 27 diermhneÊv 65 di°rxomai 14 dihg°omai 44 d¤kaiow 35 dikaiosÊnh 35 dikaiÒv 35 dika¤vma 35 dika¤vw 35 d¤ktuon 72 diÒ 35 diÒti 35 d¤w 76 dicãv 72 divgmÒw 43 di≈kv 43 dÒgma 21 dok°v 21 dokimãzv 21 dokimÆ 21

Index to Parts Three and Four dÒkimow 21 dokÒw 76 dÒlow 72 dÒja 21 dojãzv 21 doule¤a 27 douleÊv 27 doËlow 27 doulÒv 27 drãkvn 72 dr°panon 76 dÊnamai 21 dÊnamiw 21 dunatÒw 21 dÊo 27 dusmÆ 43 d≈deka 35 d«ma 76 dvreã 13 dvreãn 13 d«ron 13

E §ãn 13 •autoË 12 §ãv 72 ßbdomow 36 §gg¤zv 43 §ggÊw 43 §ge¤rv 27 §gkak°v 36 §gkal°v 29 §gkatale¤pv 37 §gkentr¤zv 76 §gkÒptv 53 §g≈ 13

¶ynow 68 ¶yow 72 eﬁ 13 e‰dow 23 eﬁdvlÒyutow 23 eﬁdvlolãtrhw 23 e‡dvlon 23 eﬁkª 76 eﬁkosit°ssarew 49 eﬁk≈n 72 eﬁm¤ 14 eﬁrÆnh 69 eﬁw 14 eÂw 68 eﬁsãgv 32 eﬁsakoÊv 12 eﬁs°rxomai 14 e‡sodow 30 eﬁsporeÊomai 30 eﬁsf°rv 41 e‰ta 54 e‡te 13 §k 14 ßkastow 69 •katÒn 72 •katontãrxhw 33 •katÒntarxow 33 §kbãllv 26 §kd°xomai 34 §kdik°v 35 §kd¤khsiw 35 §kdÊv 42 §ke› 21 §ke›yen 21 §ke›now 21 §kzht°v 28 107

§kklhs¤a 29 §kkÒptv 53 §kl°gomai 16 §klektÒw 16 §klogÆ 16 §klÊomai 37 §kmãssv 76 §kp¤ptv 39 §kplÆssomai 60 §kporeÊomai 30 ¶kstasiw 28 §kte¤nv 72 §ktÒw 14 ßktow 53 §ktr°pomai 54 §kf°rv 41 §kfeÊgv 50 §kx°v 54 §kxÊnnomai 54 §la¤a 54 ¶laion 54 §laÊnv 76 §lãxistow 72 §l°gxv 72 §le°v 43 §lehmosÊnh 43 ¶leow 43 §leuyer¤a 54 §leÊyerow 54 §leuyerÒv 54 ßlkv 76 §lp¤zv 35 §lp¤w 35 §mautoË 13 §mba¤nv 34 §mbl°pv 27

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary §mbrimãomai 76 §mÒw 13 §mpa¤zv 38 §mp¤mplhmi 39 §mp¤ptv 39 ¶mporow 30 ¶mprosyen 18 §mptÊv 76 §mfan¤zv 50 ¶mfobow 41 §n 68 §nant¤on 64 §nãntiow 64 ¶natow 72 §nde¤knumi 43 ßndeka 35 ¶nduma 43 §ndunamÒv 21 §ndÊv 43 ßneka 72 ßneken 72 §nerg°v 22 §n°rgeia 22 §nyãde 54 ¶ni 14 §niautÒw 72 §n¤sthmi 28 §noik°v 30 ¶noxow 72 §nt°llomai 35 §nteËyen 54 ¶ntimow 49 §ntolÆ 35 §ntr°pv 54 §ntugxãnv 61 §n≈pion 30

§j 14 ßj 53 §jãgv 32 §jair°v 52 §ja¤fnhw 76 §jale¤fv 63 §japatãv 63 §japost°llv 26 §jaut∞w 12 §j°rxomai 14 ¶jesti 14 §jhg°omai 44 •jÆkonta 53 •j∞w 15 §j¤sthmi 28 §jomolog°omai 16 §jouyen°v 17 §jous¤a 14 ¶jv 14 ¶jvyen 14 §paggel¤a 19 §pagg°llomai 19 §pain°v 54 ¶painow 54 §pa¤rv 25 §paisxÊnomai 56 §pãnv 52 §paÊrion 54 §pe› 44 §peidÆ 44 ¶peimi 76 ¶peita 54 §p°rxomai 14 §pervtãv 36 §p°xv 15 §p¤ 68 108

§piba¤nv 34 §pibãllv 26 §p¤geiow 20 §pigin≈skv 20 §p¤gnvsiw 20 §pigrafÆ 21 §pigrãfv 21 §pide¤knumi 43 §pid¤dvmi 13 §pieikÆw 76 §pizht°v 28 §piyum°v 44 §piyum¤a 44 §pikal°v 29 §p¤keimai 56 §pilambãnomai 23 §pilanyãnomai 64 §pim°nv 29 §pip¤ptv 39 §pipoy°v 76 §pisk°ptomai 54 §piskiãzv 66 §p¤skopow 54 §p¤stamai 72 §pistãthw 28 §pistolÆ 26 §pistr°fv 44 §pisunãgv 33 §pitagÆ 49 §pitãssv 49 §pit¤yhmi 32 §pitel°v 49 §pitimãv 49 §pitr°pv 54 §pitugxãnv 61 §pifãneia 50

Index to Parts Three and Four §pixorhg°v 76 §poikodom°v 30 §pourãniow 24 •ptã 36 §raunãv 76 §rgãzomai 22 §rgas¤a 22 §rgãthw 22 ¶rgon 22 §rhmÒomai 44 ¶rhmow 44 §riye¤a 64 ¶riw 64 ¶rxomai 14 §rvtãv 36 §syÆw 76 §sy¤v 22 ¶sxatow 69 ¶sv 14 ¶svyen 14 ßterow 69 ¶ti 69 •toimãzv 44 ¶toimow 44 ¶tow 70 eÔ 76 eÈaggel¤zomai 19 eÈagg°lion 19 eÈãrestow 52 eÈdok°v 21 eÈdok¤a 21 eÈy°vw 36 eÈyÊw 36 eÈkop≈terow 57 eÈlog°v 16 eÈlog¤a 16

eÈloghtÒw 16 eÈnoËxow 77 eÈprÒsdektow 34 eÍr¤skv 68 eÈs°beia 55 eÈsxÆmvn 65 eÈfra¤nv 50 eÈxarist°v 25 eÈxarist¤a 25 eÎxomai 40 eÈ≈numow 24 §fãpaj 52 §f¤sthmi 28 ¶xyra 44 §xyrÒw 44 ¶xidna 77 ¶xv 14 ßvw 69

Z zãv 27 z∞low 55 zhlÒv 55 zhlvtÆw 55 zhmiÒomai 77 zht°v 28 zÆthma 28 zÆthsiw 28 zizãnion 77 zÒfow 77 zugÒw 77 zÊmh 55 zvÆ 27 z≈nh 64 z“on 27 zƒopoi°v 18 109

H ≥ 68 ≤gem≈n 44 ≤g°omai 44 ≤d°vw 64 ≥dh 36 ≤donÆ 64 ¥kv 70 ≤lik¤a 77 ¥liow 70 ≤m°ra 22 ≤m°terow 13 ¥misuw 77 ≤suxãzv 77

Y yãlassa 69 yãnatow 28 yanatÒv 28 yãptv 55 yarr°v 64 yars°v 64 yaumãzv 45 yaumastÒw 45 yeãomai 36 ye›on 77 y°lhma 22 y°lv 22 yem°lion 55 yem°liow 55 yemeliÒv 55 yeÒw 68 yerapeÊv 70 yer¤zv 55 yerismÒw 55 yerma¤nomai 77

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary yevr°v 36 yhlãzv 64 y∞luj 64 yhr¤on 70 yhsaur¤zv 55 yhsaurÒw 55 yl¤bv 45 yl›ciw 45 ynπskv 28 ynhtÒw 28 yÒrubow 77 yr¤j 72 yrÒnow 69 yugãthr 70 yum¤ama 45 yumÒw 44 yÊra 70 yus¤a 45 yusiastÆrion 45 yÊv 45 y≈raj 77

I ﬁãomai 45 ﬁatrÒw 45 ‡de 23 ‡diow 28 ﬁdi≈thw 28 ﬁdoÊ 23 ﬂereÊw 26 ﬂerÒn 26 ﬂkanÒw 70 ﬂmãtion 36 ﬂmatismÒw 36 ·na 15 ﬂnat¤ 15

·ppow 72 ·sthmi 28 ‡sow 77 ﬁsxurÒw 45 ﬁsxÊw 45 ﬁsxÊv 45 ﬁxyÊw 72

K kég≈ 15 kayair°v 52 kayãper 73 kayar¤zv 41 kayarismÒw 41 kayarÒw 41 kay°zomai 36 kayeÊdv 73 kãyhmai 36 kay¤zv 36 kay¤sthmi 28 kayej∞w 15 kayÒti 19 kay≈w 19 ka¤ 15 kainÒw 70 ka¤per 15 kairÒw 69 ka¤v 55 kéke› 15 kéke›yen 15 kéke›now 15 kak¤a 36 kakÒw 36 kakÒv 36 kak«w 36 kãlamow 73 110

kal°v 29 kalÒw 29 kalÊptv 42 kal«w 29 kãmhlow 77 kên 15 kapnÒw 73 kard¤a 68 karpÒw 37 karpofor°v 37 kãrfow 77 katã 15 kataba¤nv 34 katabolÆ 26 katagg°llv 19 katãgv 32 katadikãzv 35 kataisxÊnv 56 kataka¤v 55 katãkeimai 56 katakl¤nv 65 katakr¤nv 20 katalal°v 22 katalambãnv 23 katale¤pv 37 katallãssv 12 katalÊv 37 katano°v 46 katantãv 56 katapat°v 38 katãpausiw 59 katap°tasma 77 katap¤nv 38 katãra 64 katarãomai 65 katarg°v 22

Index to Parts Three and Four katart¤zv 73 kataskeuãzv 60 katafil°v 50 katafron°v 50 kat°nanti 64 katergãzomai 22 kat°rxomai 14 katesy¤v 22 kat°xv 15 kathgor°v 56 katÆgorow 56 kathx°v 77 katoik°v 30 kãtv 15 kauxãomai 45 kaÊxhma 45 kaÊxhsiw 45 ke›mai 56 keleÊv 71 kenÒw 56 kenÒv 56 k°raw 73 kerda¤nv 73 kefalÆ 70 k∞pow 77 kÆrugma 37 khrÊssv 37 kibvtÒw 77 k¤ndunow 77 kin°v 77 klãdow 56 kla¤v 45 klãsma 56 klauymÒw 45 klãv 56 kle¤w 56

kle¤v 56 kl°pthw 57 kl°ptv 57 klhronom°v 57 klhronom¤a 57 klhronÒmow 57 kl∞row 57 klÆsiw 29 klhtÒw 29 kl¤nh 65 kl¤nv 65 koil¤a 73 koimãomai 56 koinÒw 57 koinÒv 57 koinvn°v 57 koinvn¤a 57 koinvnÒw 57 kÒkkinow 65 kÒkkow 65 kolaf¤zv 77 kollãomai 73 kÒlpow 77 kom¤zv 73 koniortÒw 77 kopiãv 57 kÒpow 57 kÒptv 53 korãsion 77 kosm°v 22 kÒsmow 22 kÒfinow 77 krãbattow 73 krãzv 37 krãspedon 77 krat°v 45 111

krãtow 45 kraugãzv 65 kraugÆ 65 kre¤ttvn 45 kremãnnumi 77 kr¤ma 20 kr¤nv 20 kr¤siw 20 kritÆw 20 kroÊv 77 kruptÒw 57 krÊptv 57 ktãomai 77 kt¤zv 57 kt¤siw 57 kÊklƒ 77 kËma 77 kurieÊv 15 kÊriow 15 kÊvn 77 kvlÊv 73 k≈mh 71 kvfÒw 73

L lal°v 22 lambãnv 22 lampãw 65 lamprÒw 65 lãmpv 65 lanyãnv 64 laÒw 69 latre¤a 57 latreÊv 57 l°gv 15 le¤pv 37

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary leitourg¤a 22 leitourgÒw 22 leprÒw 78 leukÒw 73 l°vn 78 lhnÒw 78 l˙stÆw 73 l¤an 73 liyãzv 37 liyobol°v 26 l¤yow 37 l¤mnh 73 limÒw 73 log¤zomai 15 lÒgow 15 loipÒw 37 loÊv 78 lÊkow 78 lup°v 46 lÊph 46 luxn¤a 57 lÊxnow 57 lÊv 36

M mãgow 78 mayhtÆw 23 ma¤nomai 78 makãriow 70 makrãn 58 makrÒyen 58 makroyum°v 58 makroyum¤a 58 makrÒw 58 mãlista 37 mçllon 37

manyãnv 23 margar¤thw 77 martur°v 38 martur¤a 38 martÊrion 38 martÊromai 38 mãrtuw 38 mastigÒv 65 mãstij 65 mãtaiow 78 mãxaira 71 megalÊnv 23 m°gaw 23 meyermhneÊv 65 mey¤sthmi 28 meyÊv 78 m°law 78 m°lei 58 m°llv 69 m°low 71 m°n 23 m°ntoi 23 m°nv 29 mer¤zv 46 m°rimna 56 merimnãv 56 mer¤w 46 m°row 46 mes¤thw 38 m°sow 38 mestÒw 78 metã 16 metaba¤nv 34 metad¤dvmi 13 metalambãnv 23 metam°lomai 58 112

metano°v 46 metãnoia 46 metajÊ 16 metap°mpomai 38 metasxhmat¤zv 65 metat¤yhmi 32 met°xv 15 m°toxow 15 metr°v 56 m°tron 56 m°tvpon 30 m°xri 73 mÆ 16 mhd° 16 mhde¤w 16 mhk°ti 16 mÆn 73 mÆpote 16 mÆte 16 mÆthr 70 mÆti 16 mia¤nv 78 mikrÒw 71 mimhtÆw 78 mimnÆskomai 46 mis°v 71 misyÒw 71 mnç 78 mne¤a 46 mn∞ma 46 mnhme›on 46 mnhmoneÊv 46 moixeÊv 58 moixal¤w 58 mÒliw 78 monogenÆw 13

Index to Parts Three and Four mÒnow 69 mÒsxow 78 mËyow 78 muriãw 78 mÊron 73 mustÆrion 71 mvr¤a 58 mvrÒw 58

nÊj 70

N

O

na¤ 71 naÒw 71 nean¤skow 58 nekrÒw 69 n°ow 58 nef°lh 73 nÆpiow 73 n∞sow 78 nhste¤a 58 nhsteÊv 58 nÆfv 78 nikãv 71 n¤ptv 73 no°v 46 nÒhma 46 nom¤zv 23 nomikÒw 23 nÒmow 23 nÒsow 73 nÒtow 78 nouyet°v 46 noËw 46 nÊmfh 58 numf¤ow 58 nËn 30 nun¤ 30

ı, ≤, tÒ 17 ˆgdoow 65 ˜de 17 ıdhg°v 32 ıdhgÒw 32 ıdÒw 30 ÙdoÊw 73 ˜yen 17 ÙyÒnion 78 o‰da 23 oﬁk°v 30 oﬁk¤a 30 oﬁkodespÒthw 30 oﬁkodomÆ 30 oﬁkodom°v 30 oﬁkonom¤a 30 oﬂkonÒmow 30 o‰kow 30 oﬁkoum°nh 30 oﬁktirmÒw 78 o‰now 71 oÂow 17 Ùkt≈ 65 ÙligÒpistow 24 Ùl¤gow 71 ˜low 69

J jen¤zv 58 j°now 58 jhra¤nv 59 jhrÒw 59 jÊlon 73

113

ÙmnÊv/ˆmnumi 71 ımoyumadÒn 44 ˜moiow 46 ımoiÒv 46 ımo¤vma 46 ımo¤vw 46 ımolog°v 16 ımolog¤a 16 ˆnar 78 Ùneid¤zv 66 ÙneidismÒw 66 ˆnoma 24 Ùnomãzv 24 ˆnow 78 ˆntvw 14 ˆjow 66 ÙjÊw 66 ˆpisyen 47 Ùp¤sv 47 ˜plon 78 ıpo›ow 31 ˜pou 31 ˜pvw 31 ˜rama 17 ırãv 17 ÙrgÆ 47 Ùrg¤zomai 47 ır¤zv 59 ˜rion 59 ˜rkow 73 ırmãv 78 ˆrow 70 ˜w 17 ˜siow 78 ÙsmÆ 78 ˜sow 17

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary ˜stiw 17 ÙsfËw 78 ˜tan 20 ˜te 17 ˜ti 17 oÈ 17 o 17 oÈa¤ 71 oÈd° 17 oÈde¤w 17 oÈd°pote 17 oÈk°ti 17 oÔn 68 oÎpv 17 oÈrã 78 oÈrãniow 24 oÈranÒw 24 oÔw 71 oÎte 17 otow 17 oÏtvw 17 oÈx¤ 17 Ùfeil°thw 47 Ùfe¤lv 47 ÙfyalmÒw 30 ˆfiw 73 ˆxlow 68 Ùcãrion 78 Ùc¤a 73

P pag¤w 78 pãyhma 47 paide¤a 38 paideÊv 38 paid¤on 38

paid¤skh 38 pa›w 38 pa¤v 78 pãlai 59 palaiÒw 59 pãlin 69 panourg¤a 22 pantaxoË 18 pantokrãtvr 18 pãntote 24 pãntvw 18 parã 68 parãbasiw 34 parabãthw 34 parabolÆ 26 paraggel¤a 19 paragg°llv 19 parag¤nomai 13 parãgv 32 parad°xomai 34 parad¤dvmi 13 parãdosiw 13 parait°omai 33 parakal°v 29 parãklhsiw 29 parãklhtow 29 parakÊptv 79 paralambãnv 23 paralÊomai 37 paralutikÒw 37 paraporeÊomai 30 parãptvma 39 paraskeuÆ 60 parathr°v 40 parat¤yhmi 32 paraxr∞ma 51 114

pãreimi 14 parembolÆ 27 par°rxomai 14 par°xv 15 pary°now 73 par¤sthmi 28 paroim¤a 79 parous¤a 14 parrhs¤a 40 parrhsiãzomai 40 pçw 17 pãsxv 47 patãssv 73 pat°v 38 patÆr 18 patr¤w 18 paÊv 59 pe¤yv 24 peinãv 73 peirãzv 47 peirasmÒw 47 p°mpv 38 penyerã 79 peny°v 59 p°nyow 59 pentakisx¤lioi 47 p°nte 47 pentÆkonta 47 pepo¤yhsiw 79 p°ran 59 per¤ 69 periãgv 32 peribãllv 27 peribl°pomai 27 periz≈nnumi 64 per¤keimai 56

Index to Parts Three and Four per¤lupow 46 peripat°v 38 peripo¤hsiw 18 per¤sseuma 47 perisseÊv 47 perissÒw 47 perissÒterow 47 perissot°rvw 47 peristerã 73 perit°mnv 47 perit¤yhmi 32 peritomÆ 47 per¤xvrow 52 peteinÒn 59 p°tomai 59 p°tra 74 phgÆ 74 phlÒw 79 pÆra 79 piãzv 74 p¤mplhmi 39 p¤naj 79 p¤nv 38 piprãskv 79 p¤ptv 39 pisteÊv 24 p¤stiw 24 pistÒw 24 planãv 47 plãnh 47 plãnow 48 plate›a 79 pleonãzv 59 pleonekt°v 59 pleonej¤a 59 pleurã 79

pl°v 39 plhgÆ 60 pl∞yow 39 plhyÊnv 39 plÆn 71 plÆrhw 39 plhrofor°v 41 plhrÒv 39 plÆrvma 39 plhs¤on 74 ploiãrion 39 plo›on 39 ploÊsiow 48 plout°v 48 ploËtow 48 pneËma 24 pneumatikÒw 24 pn°v 24 pÒyen 31 poi°v 18 poihtÆw 18 poik¤low 74 poima¤nv 60 poimÆn 60 po¤mnh 60 po¤mnion 60 po›ow 31 polem°v 60 pÒlemow 60 pÒliw 69 pollãkiw 18 polÊw 18 ponhr¤a 39 ponhrÒw 39 poreÊomai 30 porne¤a 60 115

porneÊv 60 pÒrnh 60 pÒrnow 60 pÒsow 31 potamÒw 74 potapÒw 31 pÒte 31 pot° 31 potÆrion 38 pot¤zv 38 poË 31 poÊw 39 prçgma 46 prait≈rion 79 prçjiw 48 pra@thw 74 prãssv 48 pr°pv 79 presbÊterow 70 pr¤n 74 prÒ 48 proãgv 32 proba¤nv 34 prÒbaton 71 progin≈skv 20 pro°rxomai 14 prÒyesiw 32 proyum¤a 44 pro˝sthmi 29 prÒkeimai 56 prokÒptv 53 prol°gv 16 proor¤zv 59 prop°mpv 38 prÒw 18 prosãgv 33

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary prosd°xomai 34 prosdokãv 34 pros°rxomai 14 proseuxÆ 39 proseÊxomai 39 pros°xv 15 proskal°omai 29 proskarter°v 74 prÒskomma 53 proskÒptv 53 proskun°v 70 proslambãnomai 23 prosm°nv 29 prosp¤ptv 39 prostãssv 49 prost¤yhmi 32 prosf°rv 41 prosforã 41 prosfvn°v 32 prÒsvpon 30 prÒterow 48 prÒfasiw 31 profhte¤a 31 profhteÊv 31 profÆthw 31 prv˝ 74 prvtoklis¤a 65 pr«tow 69 prvtÒtokow 40 pta¤v 79 pt°ruj 79 pt«ma 39 ptvxÒw 71 pÊlh 60 pul≈n 60 punyãnomai 74

pËr 40 puretÒw 40 purÒomai 40 pvl°v 74 p«low 74 p≈pote 31 pvrÒv 79 p≈w 31 p«w 31

R =abb¤ 74 =ãbdow 74 =Ægnumi 63 =∞ma 40 =¤za 74 =¤ptv 79 =omfa¤a 79 =Êomai 74

S sãbbaton 70 saleÊv 74 sãlpigj 60 salp¤zv 60 saprÒw 79 sarkikÒw 31 sãrj 31 sb°nnumi 79 seautoË 18 s°bomai 55 seismÒw 60 se¤v 60 selÆnh 79 shma¤nv 40 shme›on 40 116

sÆmeron 22 sigãv 74 sidhroËw 79 s¤napi 79 sind≈n 79 s›tow 74 sivpãv 74 skandal¤zv 48 skãndalon 48 skeËow 60 skhnÆ 61 skhnÒv 61 skiã 66 sklhrÒw 66 sklhrÊnv 66 skop°v 54 skorp¤zv 64 skorp¤ow 64 skot¤a 48 skot¤zomai 48 skÒtow 48 sÒw 18 sof¤a 40 sofÒw 40 spe›ra 79 spe¤rv 40 sp°rma 40 speÊdv 61 spÆlaion 79 splagxn¤zomai 61 splãgxnon 61 spÒrow 40 spoudãzv 61 spoudÆ 61 spur¤w 79 stãdion 79

Index to Parts Three and Four stãsiw 29 staurÒw 48 staurÒv 48 stãxuw 79 ste›ra 79 stenãzv 79 st°fanow 74 st∞yow 79 stÆkv 29 sthr¤zv 74 stoixe›on 66 stoix°v 66 stolÆ 26 stÒma 70 strãteuma 48 strateÊomai 48 strathgÒw 49 strati≈thw 48 str°fv 43 strvnnÊv 79 sÊ 18 suggenÆw 13 sugkal°v 29 sugxa¤rv 25 suzht°v 28 sukÆ 74 sullal°v 22 sullambãnv 23 sull°gv 16 sumba¤nv 34 sumbãllv 27 sumbibãzv 79 sumboÊlion 42 sumpn¤gv 79 sumf°rv 41 sumfvn°v 32

sÊn 69 sunãgv 33 sunagvgÆ 33 sunanãkeimai 56 sunantãv 56 sÊndoulow 27 sune¤dhsiw 23 sunerg°v 22 sunergÒw 22 sun°rxomai 14 sunesy¤v 22 sÊnesiw 26 suneudok°v 21 sun°xv 15 sun¤hmi 26 sunistãnv 29 sun¤sthmi 29 sunt°leia 49 suntel°v 49 suntr¤bv 64 sÊrv 80 sustaurÒv 48 sfãzv 74 sfÒdra 74 sfrag¤zv 61 sfrag¤w 61 sx¤zv 61 sx¤sma 61 s–zv 31 s«ma 69 svtÆr 31 svthr¤a 31 svfron°v 50

T tãlanton 74 117

tãjiw 49 tapeinÒw 61 tapeinofrosÊnh 61 tapeinÒv 61 tarãssv 74 tãssv 49 tãfow 55 tax°vw 61 tãxow 61 taxËw 61 t° 69 te›xow 80 tekn¤on 40 t°knon 40 t°leiow 49 teleiÒv 49 teleutãv 49 tel°v 49 t°low 49 tel≈nhw 74 t°raw 74 tessarãkonta 49 t°ssarew 49 t°tartow 49 tetrakisx¤lioi 49 thr°v 40 t¤yhmi 32 t¤ktv 40 timãv 49 timÆ 49 t¤miow 49 tiw 18 t¤w 18 toioËtow 24 tolmãv 74 tÒpow 70

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary tosoËtow 25 tÒte 24 trãpeza 74 trãxhlow 80 tre›w 40 tr°fv 61 tr°xv 74 triãkonta 40 tr¤w 40 tr¤tow 40 trÒmow 80 trÒpow 54 trofÆ 61 tr≈gv 80 tugxãnv 61 tÊpow 62 tÊptv 62 tuflÒw 70

U Íbr¤zv 80 Ígia¤nv 62 ÍgiÆw 62 Ïdvr 70 ÍetÒw 80 uﬂoyes¤a 25 uﬂÒw 25 Ím°terow 18 Ípãgv 33 ÍpakoÆ 12 ÍpakoÊv 12 Ípantãv 56 Ípãrxv 33 Íp°r 69 Íperbãllv 27 ÍperbolÆ 27

Íper°xv 15 ÍperÆfanow 80 Íphr°thw 74 Ïpnow 80 ÍpÒ 25 ÍpÒdeigma 43 Ípode¤knumi 43 ÍpÒdhma 43 Ípokãtv 25 ÍpÒkrisiw 20 ÍpokritÆw 20 Ípolambãnv 23 Ípom°nv 29 Ípomimnπskv 46 ÍpomonÆ 29 ÍpopÒdion 39 ÍpÒstasiw 29 Ípostr°fv 44 Ípotãssv 49 Íster°v 62 Íst°rhma 62 Ïsterow 62 ÍchlÒw 62 Ïcistow 62 Ïcow 62 ÍcÒv 62

F fa¤nv 50 fanerÒw 50 fanerÒv 50 faËlow 80 fe¤domai 75 f°rv 41 feÊgv 50 fhm¤ 31 118

fyãnv 80 fyartÒw 66 fye¤rv 66 fyÒnow 80 fyorã 66 fiãlh 75 filadelf¤a 50 fil°v 50 f¤lhma 50 f¤low 50 fimÒv 80 flÒj 80 fob°omai 41 fÒbow 41 foneÊw 62 foneÊv 62 fÒnow 62 for°v 41 fÒrow 41 fort¤on 41 fr°ar 80 fron°v 50 frÒnimow 50 fulakÆ 50 fulãssv 50 fulÆ 50 fÊllon 80 fÊrama 80 fusiÒv 80 fÊsiw 50 futeÊv 50 fvn°v 32 fvnÆ 32 f«w 41 fvteinÒw 41 fvt¤zv 41

Index to Parts Three and Four

X xa¤rv 25 xalãv 80 xalkÒw 80 xarã 25 xãragma 80 xar¤zomai 25 xãrin 25 xãriw 25 xãrisma 25 xe›low 80 xeim≈n 80 xe¤r 69 xeiropo¤htow 18 xe¤rvn 75 xÆra 71 xil¤arxow 33 xiliãw 62 x¤lioi 62 xit≈n 75 xo›row 75

xortãzv 62 xÒrtow 62 xrãomai 51 xre¤a 51 xrπzv 51 xr∞ma 51 xrhmat¤zv 51 xrhstÒw 51 xrhstÒthw 51 xr¤v 66 xron¤zv 51 xrÒnow 51 xrus¤on 62 xrusÒw 62 xrusoËw 62 xvlÒw 75 x≈ra 51 xvr°v 51 xvr¤zv 51 xvr¤on 51 xvr¤w 51

119

C cãllv 66 calmÒw 66 ceÊdomai 63 ceudomartur°v 38 ceËdow 63 ceudoprofÆthw 63 ceÊsthw 63 cuxÆ 32 cuxikÒw 32

V Œ 75 œde 17 ”dÆ 67 Àra 69 …w 18 …sannã 80 …saÊtvw 19 …se¤ 19 Àsper 19 Àste 19 »fel°v 75