Grammar Practice Book: Grade 4

Author: Houghton Mifflin Company

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Grammar Practice Book Grade 4

www.harcourtschool.com

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Copyright © by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission is hereby granted to individuals using the corresponding student’s textbook or kit as the major vehicle for regular classroom instruction to photocopy entire pages from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Fax: 407-345-2418. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 10 0-15-349911-7 ISBN 13 978-0-15-3499111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 073

12 11 10 09 08 07 06

If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

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Contents T HEME 1 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

1 2 3 4 5

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences ............................... 1 Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections ............ 5 Subjects and Predicates ........................................................ 9 Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates .................... 13 Review ............................................................................... 17

T HEME 2 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

6 7 8 9 10

Compound Subjects and Predicates .................................... 19 Simple and Compound Sentences ...................................... 23 Prepositional Phrases .......................................................... 27 Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences ........................... 31 Review ............................................................................... 35

T HEME 3 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

11 12 13 14 15

Common and Proper Nouns............................................... 37 Singular and Plural Nouns .................................................. 41 Possessive Nouns ................................................................ 45 Pronouns and Antecedents ................................................. 49 Review ............................................................................... 53

T HEME 4 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

16 17 18 19 20

Subject and Object Pronouns ............................................. 55 Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns ...................................... 59 Adjectives and Articles ........................................................ 63 Comparing with Adjectives ................................................. 67 Review ............................................................................... 71

Grammar Practice Book © Harcourt • Grade 4

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Contents T HEME 5 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

21 22 23 24 25

Main and Helping Verbs .................................................... 73 Action and Linking Verbs .................................................... 77 Verbs: Present Tense; Subject-Verb Agreement .................... 81 Verbs: Past and Future Tenses ............................................. 85 Review ............................................................................... 89

T HEME 6 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

26 27 28 29 30

Irregular Verbs ................................................................... 91 Easily Confused Words ....................................................... 95 Adverbs .............................................................................. 99 Punctuation ...................................................................... 103 Review ............................................................................. 107

Index .................................................................................................. 109

Grammar Practice Book © Harcourt • Grade 4

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Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

Name Rewrite each sentence, using capital letters and end marks.

Lesson 1

1. my sister went to camp yesterday

2. the house seems empty

3. even the dog misses her

4. i will write her a letter

5. she comes home in one week

If the words form a sentence, write sentence. If the words form a fragment, add words to make a complete sentence. 6. I went swimming.

7. The water.

8. Early in the morning.

9. Happy that you.

10. The week passed quickly.

1

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 4:58:57 PM

Statements and Questions

Name

Rewrite each group of words to form a question that makes sense. Use capital letters and end marks correctly.

Lesson 1

1. you do a brother have

2. what his name is

3. he to school go does

4. he read can

5. play he does where

Turn each statement into a question. Use the word in parentheses ( ) as the first word. 6. My little sister’s name is Sara. (What)

7. She copies everything I do. (Why)

8. She meets me after school. (When)

9. She wants to go to the store. (Where)

2

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Grammar Practice Book

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 1

(1) I to like skip. (2) Why do I skip (3) it is more fun than walking. (4) I skip all the way to school (5) With my friends at recess. (6) you like to skip, too? 1. In which sentence are the words in an order that does not make sense? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5 2. Which sentence does not tell a complete thought? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 3 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5

5. Which word in Sentence 3 should be capitalized? A is B it C way D fun 6. Which word would make sense in the blank in Sentence 6? A Why B But C Do D Where

3. Which sentence should end with a question mark? A Sentence 2 B Sentence 3 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5

3

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4. Which sentence is missing a period? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5

Grammar Practice Book

8/15/06 10:05:00 AM

Statements and Questions

Name

Add the correct end mark to each sentence. Then label each as a statement or a question.

Lesson 1

1. Where is the teacher 2. I do not like to jump 3. When does Anita run 4. Do you know Mr. Wang 5. We play in the grass Rewrite each group of words to form a statement or a question. Put the words in an order that makes sense. Use capital letters and end marks correctly. 6. to the park I go (statement)

7. do walk you to school (question)

8. Willow ball the throws (statement)

9. can Kurt play softball (statement)

10. you can football play (question)

4

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Grammar Practice Book

8/15/06 10:05:24 AM

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

Name Label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Lesson 2

1. Meet at the track at seven o’clock. 2. Run around the track four times to warm up. 3. I cannot believe how fast she runs! 4. You must be very proud! 5. Take your positions for the race. 6. What an amazing event this is! 7. We had so much fun today! 8. Follow me to the car. 9. Take a nap when you get home. Rewrite the sentences. Add the correct end marks. 10. Help me find my running shoes

11. How nervous I am about the race

12. I am so happy that you won

13. Give her a bottle of water

14. How tired they must be

15. What a big trophy it is

5

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:04:33 PM

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

Name Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation. Then label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Lesson 2

1. I was so worried about trying out for the school play

2. Don’t give up on your dreams

3. Work hard in order to succeed

4. Hey your audition was amazing

5. Always listen to good advice

Draw one line under each imperative sentence. Draw two lines under each exclamatory sentence. Circle the interjections. 6. Take your places on the stage quietly. 7. Smile at the audience when the curtain goes up. 8. Ouch, you stepped on my foot! 9. Stand still until it is your turn to dance. 10. How wonderful this dance recital is! 11. Wow, she jumps so high and turns so fast! 12. Listen to the music so you will know when to start. 13. Hey, that’s a great! costume 14. Wow, she is so strong! 15. Take a walk to stretch your legs at intermission.

6

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Grammar Practice Book

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 2

(1) The soccer player is running down the ﬁeld. (2) How very happy he looks. (3) Hey, he kicked that ball so far! (4) He has scored the winning goal for his team. (5) Listen to his coach praise him. (6) Wow, what a wonderful day!

1. Which sentence should have an exclamation point?

4. Which of these sentences has an interjection?

A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5

D Sentence 5

2. Which sentence is an imperative sentence?

5. Which of these sentences is neither imperative nor exclamatory?

A

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 5

C

Sentence 5

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 6

3. In which of these sentences is the punctuation NOT correct?

6. Which of these sentences is an exclamatory sentence?

A

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 5

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 6

7

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:07:47 PM

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

Name Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation. Then label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Lesson 2

1. Wait for me after school

2. Put your uniforms on

3. How excited I am about the game

4. Bring me the basketball

5. Wow you are a good player

6. Tell us the score

7. Hey that player can really jump

8. Listen to the crowd yell

Write an exclamatory sentence with an interjection. Then write an imperative sentence. 9. 10.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:08:49 PM

Subjects and Predicates

Name Write the subject of each sentence.

Lesson 3

1. Everyone goes to the park. 2. Paula puts on her jacket. 3. We skip down the sidewalk together. 4. Darryl rides his bike on the street. 5. My mother holds my sister’s hand. 6. They cross the street at the corner. 7. The park is crowded. 8. The flowers smell sweet. 9. I pick daisies for my father. 10. The sky has big white clouds.

Write the predicate of each sentence. 11. Some boys run past us. 12. A dog chases a ball. 13. Paula climbs up the slide. 14. My sister plays in the sand. 15. Darryl makes a new friend. 16. Everybody loves the park. 17. The children shout with excitement. 18. No one wants to go home. 19. The sun sets behind the hill. 20. This day will end soon.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:30:03 AM

Subjects and Predicates

Name Draw one line under the subject. Draw two lines under the predicate.

Lesson 3

1. I visit my grandparents. 2. Their house has a garden. 3. I help pull carrots. 4. My grandfather makes wonderful soup. 5. I set the table. 6. He puts flowers in a vase. 7. We eat dinner together. 8. Everyone is full. 9. My grandmother brings out a cake. 10. I am hungry again!

Add a subject or predicate as needed. Write the new sentence. 11. The brown dog.

12. played cards together.

13. is high in the sky.

14. went to bed.

15. My grandmother.

10

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Grammar Practice Book

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 3

(1) Today was the big parade. (2) The marching band moved quickly down the street. (3) The music was loud and joyful. (4) Saw someone on the sidewalk. (5) My friend. (6) I waved my ﬂag at him.

1. Which two sentences are fragments?

4. Which sentence is missing a predicate?

A

Sentences 1 and 2

B

Sentences 1 and 5

A

Sentence 1

C

Sentences 2 and 4

B

Sentence 2

D Sentences 4 and 5

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5 2. Which sentence is missing a subject? 5. Which word is the subject of Sentence 6?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

A

I

D Sentence 5

B

waved

C

flag

3. Which is NOT a subject in the passage? A

The marching band

B

The music

C

Saw

D him 6. Which is the predicate of Sentence 3?

D I

A

The music

B

was loud

C

and joyful

D was loud and joyful

11

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:34:22 AM

Subjects and Predicates

Name Underline each subject once. Underline each predicate twice.

Lesson 3

1. The summer is long and hot. 2. Everybody sits on the front steps. 3. No one wants to move. 4. We decide to make ice cream. 5. I find a recipe in a cookbook. 6. My parents help. 7. The ice cream is cold and delicious. 8. Everyone eats a big portion. 9. My family is happy. 10. The day feels much cooler.

Add a subject or a predicate to complete each sentence. 11. The street party 12.

played music.

13.

danced fast.

14. The food 15. All the people 16.

had a great time.

12

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:34:59 AM

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

Name Draw a line under the complete subject. Circle the simple subject.

Lesson 4

1. San Francisco is a city in California. 2. A big earthquake rocked the city in 1906. 3. The ocean view is magnificent. 4. A nearby city is Oakland. 5. The average winter temperature is 55°F. 6. The biggest park is Golden Gate Park. 7. One neighborhood is called Chinatown.

Draw a line under the complete predicate. Circle the simple predicate. 8. Golden Gate Park has several landmarks. 9. The park survived the earthquake of 1906. 10. It has a lake with an island. 11. Three dogs ran up the big hill in the park. 12. The old man waved to his wife. 13. A woman held a yellow kite. 14. A boy walked over one of the stone bridges. 15. A girl did cartwheels across the lawn.

Write three different sentences that use the complete predicate below. Include descriptive words in each subject. dived into the water

13

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:14:16 PM

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

Name Add a complete subject to each predicate. Then circle the simple subject.

Lesson 4

1.

waited patiently for hours.

2.

learned to play a new game.

3.

ate his lunch.

4.

wanted to see his father.

5.

felt worried.

6.

finally left the island.

7.

stood on the pier.

8.

waved happily.

9.

jumped up and down.

10.

flew over the water.

Add a complete predicate to each subject. Then circle the simple predicate. 11. The ocean waves 12. The cold porridge 13. A beautiful plum tree 14. The huge room 15. The new teacher 16. The bright light of morning 17. A happy man 18. The excited child

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:15:43 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 4

(1) My whole family went to the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco yesterday. (2) This amazing museum has more than 14,000 objects in its collection. (3) A helpful museum guide told us a lot about the art. (4) We saw bronze statues, ceramics, puppets, and baskets. (5) The tiny carvings were my favorite things. 1. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 3?

4. Which is the complete subject of Sentence 1?

A

museum

A

My whole family

B

guide

B

Asian Art Museum

C

us

C

San Francisco

D art

D yesterday

2. Which is the simple predicate of Sentence 2?

5. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 5?

A

has

A

tiny carvings

B

more

B

carvings

C

in

C

were

D its

D favorite

3. Which is the complete predicate of Sentence 3?

6. Which word is NOT part of the complete predicate of Sentence 4?

A

told us

A

baskets

B

about the art

B

bronze

C

told us a lot

C

saw

D told us a lot about the art

D We

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:16:31 PM

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

Name Match the subjects and predicates in the box to write sentences. Then draw one line under each simple subject and two lines under each simple predicate.

The excited girl The cool wind A small insect Several friends Three big rocks

Lesson 4

blew the leaves in the trees. ran down the hill together. were fun to climb. shouted to her friend. jumped onto the branch.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Add a complete subject or a complete predicate to complete each sentence. 6.

went to a concert in the park.

7.

played traditional Chinese harps.

8.

became very quiet.

9. The audience 10. The grateful musicians

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:35:24 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 5

(1) The band has just stopped playing. (2) Do you see the lead singer smiling? (3) How happy she looks. (4) Look at the guitar player waving to the crowd. (5) He told me that they are playing another concert tomorrow? (6) Wow, so great! 1. Which sentence is an interrogative sentence?

4. Which is not a complete sentence? A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 5

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 6 5. Which of these sentences is correct as it is?

2. Which sentence is an imperative sentence?

A

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 5

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 5 6. Which sentence is a declarative sentence?

3. Which sentence should have an exclamation point?

A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 4

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:19:25 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 5

(1) My greatest dream is to become a playwright. (2) A playwright writes stories for the stage. (3) My favorite playwright is Lorraine Hansberry. (4) She wrote a play called A Raisin in the Sun. (5) The title is from a line in a poem. (6) Hope to write a play as good as that some day! 1. Which sentence is missing a subject?

4. Which is the complete predicate of Sentence 4?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

A

She wrote

C

Sentence 5

B

She wrote a play

D Sentence 6

C

a play called A Raisin in the Sun

D wrote a play called A Raisin in 2. Which is the simple predicate of Sentence 2? A

playwright

B

writes

C

stories

the Sun 5. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 5?

D stage 3. Which is the complete subject of Sentence 3? A

playwright

B

My favorite playwright

C

is Lorraine Hansberry

A

title

B

is

C

line

D poem 6. Which word is NOT part of the complete subject of Sentence 1?

D Lorraine Hansberry

A

dream

B

greatest

C

playwright

D My

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:20:01 PM

Compound Subjects and Predicates

Name Label each sentence compound subject or compound predicate.

Lesson 6

1. The two girls cleared the table and washed the dishes.

2. Tyler and Amir raked leaves together.

3. Ms. Lopez finished baking and cleaned the kitchen.

4. My mother made the shelves and framed the painting.

5. Dora and Carlos helped their parents.

Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence with a compound subject or a compound predicate. Draw one line under each compound subject. Draw two lines under each compound predicate. 6. Leah kicks the ball. Leah passes the ball.

7. The swim team laughs. The swim team cheers.

8. Jamie runs around the track. His brother runs around the track.

9. The teachers clap. The schoolchildren clap.

10. Petra watched the game. Petra took pictures.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:35:40 AM

Compound Subjects and Predicates

Name Rewrite each group of sentences as one sentence with a compound subject. Use and or or. Use commas as needed.

Lesson 6

1. Beatrice paints the fence. Her brother paints the fence. Her sister paints the fence.

2. Dean bakes bread on Saturday. His mother bakes bread on Saturday.

3. Chan takes out the trash. Sometimes her grandfather takes out the trash.

4. Paolo cleans the garage today. His uncle cleans the garage today. His cousin cleans the garage today.

5. The children sweep the attic. Their parents sweep the attic.

Rewrite each group of sentences as one sentence with a compound predicate. Use and or or. Use commas as needed. 6. We went to the store. We bought supplies for the camping trip.

7. Ana put up the tent. Ana collected sticks. Ana made a campfire.

8. The park rangers searched the woods. The park rangers looked for fallen trees.

9. You can put the wood by the tent. You can leave it near the tree.

10. Fiona walked by the creek. Fiona collected blackberries. Fiona ate them.

20

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:35:55 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 6

(1) My sister, my cousin and I cleaned our grandparents’ basement. (2) I recycled old newspapers and threw out trash. (3) My older sister and my cousin organized the gardening tools and sorted through old toys. (4) We worked hard all day. (5) Then my grandparents, my sister, my cousin, and I celebrated a job well done. 1. Which of these sentences does NOT have a compound subject?

4. Which are the simple predicates of Sentence 3?

A

Sentence 1

A

organized and sorted

B

Sentence 3

B

organized and gardening

C

Sentence 4

C

gardening and sorted

D Sentence 5

D sorted and through

2. Which sentence is missing a comma?

5. Which of these sentences has neither a compound subject nor a compound predicate?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 3

D Sentence 4

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5 3. Which are the simple subjects of Sentence 3?

6. Which sentence has both a compound subject and a compound predicate?

A

older and sister

B

sister and cousin

C

older and tools

A

Sentence 1

D toys and cousin

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:37:53 PM

Compound Subjects and Predicates

Name Each sentence has a compound subject or a compound predicate. Circle the compound subject or the compound predicate.

Lesson 6

1. Maria collects the tickets and tears them in half. 2. Juan and Reid help people find their seats. 3. The musicians and their friends build the stage. 4. Quinton, Jules, and Simon are the lead singers. 5. Rhea or Kyle can help you find your costume. 6. We fit the costumes and pin up the hems. 7. The performers sing or dance.

Complete each sentence. Add a compound subject or a compound predicate as shown in parentheses ( ). Remember to add commas as needed. 8. Jonah

. (compound predicate)

9.

picked up rocks. (compound subject)

10. My dog

. (compound predicate)

11.

started growing. (compound subject)

12. My father and my brother

.

(compound predicate)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:39:11 PM

Simple and Compound Sentences

Name Label each sentence simple or compound.

Lesson 7

1. Jeremy washes and dries the dishes. 2. I set the table, or I make the toast. 3. Mother goes to the store, and Jeremy goes with her. 4. I thought breakfast was ready, but the bacon is still cooking. 5. The eggs and sausages are on the stove. 6. I pour the orange juice, and Jeremy serves it. 7. My favorite meal is breakfast. 8. Sometimes we have pancakes, but today we have waffles. 9. The syrup is in the brown jug. 10. The flowers look pretty in the center of the table. Rewrite each pair of sentences as a compound sentence, using the conjunction in parentheses ( ). 11. Shauna likes horses. She rides them every summer. (and)

12. She says she won a riding trophy. I have never seen it. (but)

13. I swim in the lake. I fish at the river. (or)

14. Shauna and I go camping. I show her how to fish. (and)

15. We catch several fish. We let them go. (but)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:40:00 PM

Simple and Compound Sentences

Name Rewrite the sentences, adding commas as needed.

Lesson 7

1. Lela runs across the grass but she stops at the creek.

2. She can wade in the water or she can lie on the grass.

3. Lela tries to catch a small fish but the fish gets away.

4. Lela walks home slowly and she sits on the porch.

Tell whether each sentence has a compound subject, has a compound predicate, or is a compound sentence. Then circle each conjunction. 5. A man and a boy are cooking together. 6. The boy collects wood, and the man builds a fire. 7. They smile and laugh together. 8. The man cleans up, but the boy sits quietly. 9. The boy waters and feeds the horses. 10. The horses eat hay, or they eat grain. 11. The sun sets, but it is not cold. 12. The moon and the stars will be out soon.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:44:18 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 7

(1) A campﬁre is nice, and it keeps you warm on chilly nights. (2) Make the campﬁre small sit close to it for warmth. (3) You can use branches you ﬁnd on the ground, you should not take branches from a tree. (4) You can burn paper. (5) Do not burn plastic. (6) To put out the ﬁre, you can pour water over it you can dig it up and turn it over. 1. Which of these sentences is a run-on sentence?

4. Which of these sentences needs a comma and the conjunction or?

A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 4

D Sentence 6

2. To rewrite sentences 4 and 5 as a compound sentence, which do you need to add between the words paper and do?

5. Which is a compound sentence that is written correctly? A

Sentence 1

A

a comma

B

Sentence 4

B

a comma and the

C

Sentence 5

conjunction and

D Sentence 6

C

a comma and the 6. How can you correct Sentence 3?

conjunction but D Make no change. 3. Which of these sentences is a comma splice? A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 5

A

take out the comma

B

add the conjunction or

C

add the conjunction but

D add a comma

D Sentence 6

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:42:03 PM

Simple and Compound Sentences

Name Identify each word group as a comma splice or run-on sentence. Then rewrite each one correctly as a compound sentence.

Lesson 7

1. The ranch is large, I walk all the way around it.

2. I help him with some of the chores he thanks me.

3. We can go to see the cattle, we can explore the barn.

4. I water the plants, she washes the windows.

5. We feed the hens we do not feed the horses.

Write each pair of sentences as a compound sentence, using or, and, or but. 6. I make my bed. I wash and fold my clothes.

7. My aunt and uncle cook dinner. We all eat together.

8. We can have chicken and salad. We can have pork chops and green beans.

9. My grandmother is a good cook. She does not like washing and drying the dishes.

10. I eat all of my dinner. I eat some dessert.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:41:39 PM

Prepositional Phrases

Name Underline the prepositional phrase. Circle the object of the preposition.

Lesson 8

1. This center teaches computer skills to students. 2. Today’s lesson is across the hall. 3. After the break, there will be a demonstration. 4. There are several workstations in the room. 5. You can share a computer with a classmate. 6. Read the instructions on the chalkboard.

Circle each prepositional phrase. Write each preposition and its object. 7. Hugo and Mia work together on a report.

8. Mia suggests getting information from websites.

9. They visit a library near their school.

10. The power switch is behind the monitor.

11. Mia searches for information.

12. The students feel good about their work.

Rewrite this sentence several times: We searched the Internet. Add a different prepositional phrase each time. How many different sentences can you make?

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:46:07 PM

Prepositional Phrases

Name Rewrite the paragraph. Choose prepositions from the box to complete each sentence. Use each preposition only once.

above in

about for

with after

to on

Lesson 8

into through

Yesterday, my sister and I went shopping (1) our grandmother. Early (2) the morning, we left the house. We drove (3) the electronics store. My grandmother led us (4) the store. (5) a while, we found the computer section. There were sale signs (6) our heads. My grandmother asked questions (7) each computer. My sister and I practiced typing (8) the keyboards. My grandmother bought a new computer (9)

our home!

Complete each sentence with a prepositional phrase. 10. We are using the computers

.

11. I am sitting

.

12. The librarian is

.

13. I see my teacher

.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:46:48 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 8

(1) My family lives on a farm. (2) Before we eat breakfast, we do many chores. (3) Sometimes I collect eggs from the chickens. (4) On other days, I help care for the horses. (5) I use a pitchfork and get hay from the hayloft. (6) I place the fresh hay in their stalls. 1. Which is the preposition in Sentence 3?

4. Which sentence has two prepositional phrases?

A

Sometimes

A

Sentence 1

B

collect

B

Sentence 2

C

from

C

Sentence 4

D There is no preposition.

D Sentence 5

2. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 5?

5. Which is the preposition in Sentence 6?

A

I

A

I

B

pitchfork

B

place

C

hay

C

the

D hayloft

D in

3. Which is the prepositional phrase in Sentence 1?

6. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 6?

A

My family

A

fresh

B

lives on

B

hay

C

on a farm

C

their

D farm

D stalls

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:47:21 PM

Prepositional Phrases

Name Write each prepositional phrase. Underline the preposition and circle its object.

Lesson 8

1. There are many kinds of computer systems. 2. Some computer programs are used in office work. 3. Other programs create art with drawing tools. 4. Many people play games on computers. 5. Friends send photographs through e-mail. 6. We use computers for learning. 7. If you walk into a school, you will see many computers.

8. Computers are a good source of information. Rewrite each sentence, using a preposition from the box to complete it. Use each word only once.

after 9.

with

on

of

a power failure, you may lose computer files.

10. It is best to save extra copies

your work.

11. You can print files

a printer.

12. You can also save data

a disk.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:49:28 PM

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

Name Tell whether each group of words forms an independent clause or a dependent clause.

Lesson 9

1. My father used birch for basket frames 2. Before he collected the plants 3. Because my aunts liked willow plants 4. My mother started to work 5. When she finished her bundle of plants 6. Since the birch trees were far away 7. We drove in a car to find them 8. When her grandson learned to weave

Find the independent and dependent clauses in these sentences. Draw one line under each independent clause. Draw two lines under each dependent clause. 9. After the instructor gave the directions, all of the students began weaving. 10. The instructor was pleased because the students worked quietly. 11. While the students practiced, the instructor walked around the room answering questions. 12. Because there were only ten sets of materials, two students shared. 13. Each person helped clean up, since this was the last class of the day. 14. When the class was over, the students thanked the teacher. 15. Before the students left, they showed their baskets.

Write a sentence about making baskets that contains one independent clause and one dependent clause. Draw one line under the independent clause. Draw two lines under the dependent clause.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:50:52 PM

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

Name Label each sentence simple, compound, or complex.

Lesson 9

1. My favorite material for weaving is pine. 2. Rita would show you her baskets, but she is too tired. 3. Before this year’s festival, I will make many baskets. 4. After we finish this one, let’s stop for the day. 5. There are so many types of baskets that I would like to make. 6. My friend and I asked for help in finding the right type of plants.

7. Eva made this basket, and I think it is so pretty. 8. I am happy that Paolo likes this basket, since it is my favorite.

Combine the pairs of sentences to make complex sentences. Use commas when they are needed. The connecting words in the box may help you.

although if when

because before after since

9. Ms. Tamez goes to the mountains often. They are near her home.

10. Robert collects branches. Ms. Tamez looks for branches, too.

11. They found the plants they want. They walk home.

12. Robert and Ms. Tamez begin weaving. They eat dinner.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:36:17 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 9

(1) When Sonia wakes up in the morning, the ﬁrst thing she does is go to her window. (2) Although she could listen to the radio she likes to check the weather by looking outside. (3) Sonia wakes her sisters, and she prepares a picnic lunch. (4) Since the weather is nice the girls will collect plants for weaving. (5) The basket festival is next month! 1. Which is an independent clause? A When Sonia wakes up in the morning (Sentence 1) B Although she could listen to the radio (Sentence 2) C she likes to check the weather by looking outside (Sentence 2) D Since the weather is nice (Sentence 4) 2. Where should there be a comma in Sentence 4? A after the word since B after the word nice C after the word girls D after the word picnic

5. Which is a dependent clause? A the first thing she does is go to her window (Sentence 1) B Sonia wakes her sisters (Sentence 3) C she prepares a picnic lunch (Sentence 3) D Since the weather is nice (Sentence 4) 6. Which has a dependent clause that needs a comma? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 3 D Sentence 5

3. Which is NOT a complex sentence? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 3 D Sentence 4

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4. Which is a simple sentence? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5

Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:36:31 AM

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

Name Rewrite each sentence. Add the type of clause shown in parentheses. Remember to add commas as needed.

Lesson 9

1. Although baskets are mostly used to hold things, . (independent) 2. Before I use any materials for weaving, . (independent) 3.

Maya collected weaving materials in the mountains. (dependent)

4.

her mother showed her how to weave. (dependent)

Make complex sentences from the sentence pairs. Underline the independent clause once and the dependent clause twice. The first one is done for you. 5. My school days end at 3:30 P.M. I help my family weave baskets.

When my school days end at 3:30 P.M., I help my family weave baskets. 6. Artie wants to learn to weave. He can take free classes. 7. My mother collects pine needles. She soaks them in water.

8. Marian cuts many reeds. She will make baskets for the festival.

9. Tonya finds a book about weaving. She tries to make a basket.

10. The weavers sit down. They are ready to begin weaving.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:38:40 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 10

(1) My family cooks and eats dinner together. (2) We plan the week’s menus on Saturday we go shopping for groceries on Sunday. (3) We make many diﬀerent dishes. (4) My father and my sister like to make pizza, but my mother and I like spaghetti best. (5) I think making dinner is fun, but it is not as much fun as eating it! 1. Which sentence is a run-on sentence?

4. Which sentence has a compound subject AND is a compound sentence?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 1

C

Sentence 4

B

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5 2. Which are the simple predicates of Sentence 1?

5. Which describes Sentence 5?

A

My and family

A

compound sentence

B

family and cooks

B

simple sentence

C

cooks and eats

C

compound subject

D eats and dinner

D compound predicate

3. Which of these sentences is a simple sentence?

6. Which is the subject of both parts of Sentence 2?

A

Sentence 2

A

groceries

B

Sentence 3

B

Saturday

C

Sentence 4

C

menus

D Sentence 5

D We

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:55:40 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 10

(1) Aunt Millie stood on the dock by her sail boat. (2) She suggested a trip across the lake. (3) Although I was nervous I agreed. (4) Before we could leave, we had to get everything ready. (5) After we prepared the boat, we sailed into the deep waters. (6) Because it was a great trip, I learned to love sailing! 1. Which of these is NOT a dependent clause?

4. Which sentence has two prepositional phrases?

A

Although I was nervous

A

Sentence 1

B

Before we could leave

B

Sentence 2

C

I learned to love sailing!

C

Sentence 3

D Because it was a great trip

D Sentence 4

2. Which is the preposition in Sentence 2?

5. Which of these sentences is NOT a complex sentence?

A

she

A

Sentence 2

B

suggested

B

Sentence 4

C

a

C

Sentence 5

D across

D Sentence 6

3. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 5?

6. Which sentence has a dependent clause that is missing a comma?

A

we

A

Sentence 1

B

boat

B

Sentence 3

C

sailed

C

Sentence 5

D waters

D Sentence 6

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:56:37 PM

Common and Proper Nouns

Name Write common or proper to identify each underlined noun.

Lesson 11

1. The insect rests on the branch. 2. Thea takes a walk in the woods. 3. The tree is very tall. 4. My mother is in the garden. 5. Grandpa picks flowers. 6. The children see butterflies in the field. 7. The worm crawls along the ground. 8. Darron searches for frogs by the creek. 9. There is a picnic by the lake on Labor Day. Rewrite each sentence. Underline the common nouns. Circle the proper nouns. 10. My class celebrates Earth Day.

11. We learn about many different animials.

12. Our teacher is Mrs. Abrams.

13. She talks about pandas and gorillas.

14. Marie asks a question.

15. On Friday we write reports.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:57:30 PM

Common and Proper Nouns

Name Write the abbreviation for each of the following words.

Lesson 11

1. February 2. Thursday 3. Avenue 4. ounces 5. August 6. miles 7. Street Rewrite the words below. Replace each abbreviation with the full word. 8. Dr. Vilar

9. Henderson Rd.

10. Mt. Mitchell

11. 20 cm

12. Mr. McDonald

13. Oct. 23

14. Tues.

15. Mrs. Pilmar

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:58:39 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 11

(1) In the winter many butterﬂies migrate to mexico. (2) Millions of Butterﬂies ﬂy across the United States. (3) My friend Jeremiah lives in Texas. (4) He counts the monarchs he sees migrating. (5) On September 12, jeremiah counts more than 100 butterﬂies in one hour! 1. Which word in Sentence 1 should be capitalized?

4. Which word in Sentence 2 should NOT be capitalized?

A

winter

A

Millions

B

many

B

Butterflies

C

butterflies

C

United

D mexico

D States

2. Which is the correct abbreviation for United States in Sentence 2?

5. Which is the correct abbreviation for the word September in Sentence 5?

A

Un.St.

A

Sep.

B

US

B

Spt.

C

US.

C

Sept.

D U.S.

D Septem.

3. Which word is a common noun in Sentence 3?

6. Which word in Sentence 5 should be capitalized?

A

friend

A

counted

B

Jeremiah

B

jeremiah

C

lives

C

butterflies

D Texas

D hour

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 5:59:07 PM

Common and Proper Nouns

Name Fill in each blank with a common noun. 1. At the

Lesson 11

, we learned about ocean animals.

2. The tour guide showed us a model of a

.

3. We also saw a film about

.

4. Learning about the 5. Our

was my favorite part. , Ms. Rodondo, told us to get on the bus.

6. When we got back to

, we wrote reports.

7. I told my

about my field trip.

Fill in each blank with a proper noun. Use abbreviations for titles of people. 8.

is a park ranger.

9. We go swimming in the

.

10. The park is closed on

.

11. Tara and

like to collect rocks.

12. My dog,

, barks at the birds.

13. Around the campfire, we sing a song called 14.

drives me home.

15. On

, I write about our visit to the park.

40

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_040.indd 40

.

Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:00:07 PM

Singular and Plural Nouns

Name Draw a line under each noun. Write an S for each singular noun and a P for each plural noun.

Lesson 12

1. The trip to the mountains was fun. 2. The visitors came from around the world. 3. My friend collected rocks. 4. The smallest stones were found by the stream. 5. There were rare gems at the museum. 6. The most valuable ones were displayed in cases. 7. The guide said that rocks are made of minerals.

Rewrite each sentence. Complete each one with the plural form of the word in parentheses ( ). 8. The scientists found

. (fossil)

9. They heard

erupt. (volcano)

10. The damage was caused by

11. The

. (earthquake)

were buried under ash. (city)

12. We enjoyed our geology

. (class)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:01:02 PM

Singular and Plural Nouns

Name Write the plural form of each noun.

Lesson 12

1. person 2. man 3. woman 4. life 5. shelf 6. leaf 7. moose 8. fish 9. goose 10. deer Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word with the plural form of the noun. 11. The child and the guide hiked up the hill.

12. The rocks were sharp under their foot.

13. They saw mouse run across the ground.

14. One tree had marks from a bear’s tooth.

15. The campers had packed their knife for cooking.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:38:58 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 12

(1) I live in a big city. (2) When I want to play outdoors, I go to one of the park. (3) At the park, I can play with other child. (4) I can see ﬁsh in the ponds, berries on the bushes, and birds and butterﬂies in the air. (5) Sometimes I play hide-and-seek among the tree. (6) I can do activities at the park for fun. 1. Which is the correct plural form of the word city?

4. How many plural nouns are in Sentence 4?

A

citys

A

three

B

cities

B

four

C

cites

C

five

D cityes

D six

2. Which is the correct plural form of the underlined word in Sentence 2?

5. Which word in Sentence 5 should be a plural noun?

A

parkes

A

Sometimes

B

parx

B

play

C

parks

C

hide-and-seek

D park

D tree

3. Which is the correct plural form of the underlined word in Sentence 3?

6. Which is the singular form of the plural noun activities in Sentence 6?

A

children

A

activiti

B

childs

B

activitie

C

childes

C

activity

D childies

D activitey

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:02:36 PM

Singular and Plural Nouns

Name Rewrite each sentence. Complete it with the plural form of the word in parentheses ( ). 1. Did you see the wild

on the island? (pony)

2. We saw blueberry

3. The

Lesson 12

on that hill. (bush)

ran through the forest. (fox)

Rewrite the paragraph. Change the underlined singular nouns to plural nouns.

Last week, I toured the (4) farm outside of town. At the ﬁrst farm, I saw (5) pig, (6) horse, and (7) cow. Some of the cows had recently had (8) baby. Young cows are called (9) calf. The (10) owner of the farm told me many interesting (11) story about life on a farm. They also told me about some of the (12) job they do. One job is to feed the (13) animal. Another job is to shear the (14) sheep and the (15) lamb. I enjoyed my visit very much.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:39:17 AM

Possessive Nouns

Name Rewrite each phrase, using a possessive noun.

Lesson 13

1. the paddle of the boy 2. the water of the campers 3. the canoe belonging to my aunt 4. the leaves of the trees 5. the nest of the birds 6. the cabin belonging to my grandfather 7. the backpack of my sister 8. the dog of the girls 9. the hose of the firefighter Rewrite each sentence, using the possessive form of the noun in parentheses ( ). 10. My

tent is red and blue. (uncle)

11. The

camping trip is a great success. (family)

12. The boy heard the

barks. (dogs)

13. Aunt Meg takes the

boots to the shed. (boys)

14. The

camp is down the hill. (women)

15. The

concern is that the bridge is not safe. (park rangers)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:05:32 PM

Possessive Nouns

Name Identify each underlined noun as plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive.

Lesson 13

1. At the park’s entrance, there is an information booth. 2. The booth’s sign asks visitors to be careful. 3. It is visitors’ responsibility to prevent forest fires. 4. Matches are used to light a campfire. 5. Sometimes fires’ flames do not go out immediately. 6. When the fire is out, pour water over the ashes. 7. Dry grasses catch fire quickly. 8. A tree’s leaves can burn, too. 9. Firefighters watch the forest from tall lookout towers. 10. A firefighter’s tools for fighting fires include hoses. Write the plural, singular possessive, and plural possessive form of each noun. 11. moose 12. calf 13. goose 14. wolf 15. knife 16. community 17. dish 18. song 19. glove 20. table

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:06:47 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 13

(1) Last summer, my friend’s and I went to an orchard to pick apples. (2) The orchard’s owners gave us baskets and showed us the rows of apple trees. (3) The apples’ scent was sweet. (4) On each tree’s trunk there was a ladder. (5) My friends and I climbed up the ladders’ rungs until we were hidden in the trees’ leaves. (6) We picked apples until our baskets were full. 1. Which word in Sentence 2 is a singular possessive noun?

4. Which describes the word ladders’ in Sentence 5?

A

orchard’s

A

singular noun

B

owners

B

singular possessive noun

C

baskets

C

plural noun

D rows

D plural possessive noun

2. In which sentence is the word tree written as a plural possessive noun?

5. Which sentence contains a possessive noun that should be written as a plural noun?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 1

C

Sentence 4

B

Sentence 2

D Sentence 5

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 4 3. Which form of the word apple is NOT in the passage?

6. Which describes the word baskets in Sentence 6?

A

singular

B

singular possessive

A

singular noun

C

plural

B

singular possessive noun

C

plural noun

D plural possessive

D plural possessive noun

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:07:09 PM

Possessive Nouns

Name Identify each underlined noun as plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive.

Lesson 13

1. The boys’ trip down the river was exciting. 2. I put the children’s names on their backpacks. 3. The kayak’s paddle was missing. 4. There were two seats in the large kayak. 5. The instructor told them to grab the paddle’s handle. 6. The rushing sounds of running water got louder. 7. They fastened their lifejackets’ straps tightly.

Rewrite each sentence, using the possessive form of the noun in parentheses ( ). 8. The

favorite acitivity is to hike the trails near the school.

(students)

9. Adina knows which of the

10. Her

signs to follow. (trail)

wish is to become a park ranger. (life)

11. Using the map, we can find the

location. (campsite)

12. I hold onto the

handrail as I cross the river. (bridge)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:39:31 AM

Pronouns and Antecedents

Name Underline the pronouns. Circle each pronoun’s antecedent.

Lesson 14

1. The farmer was happy when she got home. 2. Beth led the cow into her stall. 3. The man knew he had to buy more seeds. 4. When the trees grew tall, they shaded the house. 5. The horses saw the hay and began eating it. 6. Mr. Smith picked up the tools and put them in the shed. 7. Ms. Daniels has boots, but they are too small. Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with pronouns. 8. The cat picked up the kittens and carried the kittens.

9. The jar of peaches fell, but the jar of peaches did not break.

10. William asked Janine if Janine would rake the lawn.

11. The vet asked the owners if the owners had any questions.

12. When the boy saw the horse, the boy was happy.

Write two sentences using pronouns. Trade sentences with a friend, and rewrite his or her sentences, replacing the pronouns with nouns.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/16/06 7:39:47 AM

Pronouns and Antecedents

Name Circle the correct pronoun in parentheses ( ).

Lesson 14

1. The farmers planted seeds. Then the birds ate (it, them). 2. Suddenly the rain began. People said that (it, he) would ruin the crops. 3. Nancy and Pablo hugged the dog. (We, They) told the dog to be good. 4. Please put the wheat in the barn. (It, He) will get wet. 5. Tom and Gwen were happy. (She, They) had grown a prize pumpkin. 6. Daniel was tired. (He, They) decided not to do his chores. 7. A calf was born last week. (They, It) weighed about 50 pounds. Rewrite the following paragraph, replacing the underlined word or words with a pronoun.

Jason, I want to tell (8) Jason about my trip to the mountains. (9) The trip was fantastic! I went with my sister, Dionne, and (10) Dionne had a good time, too. (11) Dionne and I went to the Rocky Mountains. (12) The Rocky Mountains were so beautiful! Although the temperature was warm, there was snow on (13) the Rocky Mountains. I made snowballs and threw (14) the snowballs at Dionne. (15) Dionne laughed, and (16) Dionne started throwing snowballs, too. Can (17) Jason believe that (18) Dionne and I had a snowball ﬁght in June?

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:09:51 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 14

(1) Last spring, I met my friends Lydia and Gene. (2) They moved here from Texas. (3) Lydia, Gene, and I met at the creek by the school. (4) I liked to go there to listen to the water as it ran over the rocks. (5) Lydia and Gene liked to hear them, too. (6) Soon we were playing together every day!

1. Which word in Sentence 1 is a pronoun?

4. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 3?

A

Last

A

They

B

I

B

She

C

friends

C

We

D Gene

D Us

2. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun they in Sentence 2?

5. Which word is the antecedent for the pronoun it in Sentence 4?

A

spring

A

I

B

I

B

there

C

Lydia and Gene

C

water

D Texas

D rocks

3. Which pronoun is used incorrectly in the passage?

6. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 5?

A

They

A

They

B

I

B

We

C

it

C

You

D them

D Them

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:10:17 PM

Pronouns and Antecedents

Name Underline each noun. Rewrite each sentence, replacing each noun with a pronoun.

Lesson 14

1. Tina brushed the horse. 2. Did Carter see Helen? 3. Mr. Finn found the rake. 4. The dog shook the bone. 5. Aunt Mary went with the girls. 6. The brothers waved to Mr. Lewis.

Write each pronoun and its antecedent. 7. Dana and Giles told Lisa that she had missed riding practice. They walked her home.

8. After Phyllis saw the horse competition, she couldn’t stop talking about it. She said it was very exciting!

9. Blake let Jasmin borrow the camera for the State Fair. She accidentally broke it. He was not angry, because it was old.

10. Jen told Grandma and Grandpa that they make the best apple pies. They said the pies taste good to them, too.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:11:38 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 15

(1) Mistress Hernandez, the camp swimming Instructor, announced some special events for child this Fourth of July. (2) There will be diving competitions, swimming races, and boat races in dogwood lake. (3) There will be prizes for all the winners of the events. (4) In the evening, a band will perform. 1. Which word in Sentence 1 should NOT be capitalized?

4. Which words in Sentence 2 should be capitalized?

A

Mistress

A

diving competitions

B

Instructor

B

swimming races

C

Fourth

C

boat races

D July

D dogwood lake

2. How should the underlined noun in Sentence 1 be written?

5. How many plural nouns are in Sentence 3?

A

childs

A

two

B

childies

B

three

C

childes

C

four

D children

D none

3. Which of these is the correct abbreviaton for the underlined word in Sentence 1?

6. Which sentence has no plural nouns? A

Sentence 1

A

Mr.

B

Sentence 2

B

Ms.

C

Sentence 3

C

Mrs.

D Sentence 4

D Miss

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:12:43 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 15

(1) My cousins’, Jen and Angel, competed in a swim meet last week. (2) My brother Pablo and I like to watch them swim, so we went to the meet, too. (3) When Pablo and I arrived, Jen and Angel told us that they have lucky swimsuits. (4) My cousins must be right because they each won an event! (5) I got to hold my cousins’ trophies and celebrate with them.

1. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun they in Sentence 3?

4. Which sentence has a plural possessive noun that should be a plural noun?

A

Jen and Angel

B

Pablo and I

A

Sentence 1

C

brother Pablo

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 4

D cousins

D Sentence 5 2. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun we in Sentence 2?

5. Which describes the word trophies in Sentence 5?

A

Jen and Angel

B

brother Pablo

A

singular noun

C

Pablo and I

B

singular possessive noun

C

plural noun

D them

D plural possessive noun 3. Which describes the word cousins’ in Sentence 5?

6. How many pronouns are in Sentence 3?

A

singular noun

B

singular possessive noun

A

one

C

plural noun

B

two

C

three

D plural possessive noun

D four

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Grammar Practice Book

9/5/06 6:13:25 PM

Subject and Object Pronouns

Name Write SP for subject pronoun or OP for object pronoun to identify each underlined word.

Lesson 16

1. Rebecca gave him a book about inventors. 2. Kyle asked us to help design a racing sled. 3. We were excited about helping invent a new toy! 4. They tested the racing sled on the hill. 5. It worked really well! 6. Kyle was proud of it. 7. They looked cold and tired. 8. Rebecca invited them inside for milk and cookies. 9. She said that chocolate chip cookies were her favorite snack.

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with a pronoun. 10. The fire escape was invented by Anna Connelly.

11. Drake and Claude developed a new type of backpack.

12. Maria Beasley designed the first life raft.

13. Eli Whitney created many useful things.

14. Would these inventions win prizes?

15. The decision was not up to you and me.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:53:50 AM

Subject and Object Pronouns

Name Rewrite each sentence. Choose the correct words in parentheses ( ).

Lesson 16

1. (Tim, Lisa, and I/I, Tim, and Lisa) are making a presentation.

2. Our teacher asked (Tim and me/me and Tim) to do some research.

3. Then (I and Lisa/Lisa and I) worked on the next part.

4. (I and she/She and I) drew pictures of famous inventions.

5. Tim read his introduction to (me and Lisa/Lisa and me).

6. Our teacher congratulated (Tim, Lisa, and me/me, Tim, and Lisa).

If the order of pronouns in the sentence is correct, write correct. If the order is incorrect, rewrite the sentence correctly. 7. I and Lana read a book about Sarah Goode.

8. She and I studied women inventors.

9. I and you must decide which book to read next.

10. Heather invited Dominic and me to study with her.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:42:39 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 16

(1) Today me and Ella learned about an inventor named Sarah Goode. (2) Have you heard of Sarah Goode? (3) In the 1880s, she saw that families living in cities had very small apartments, and families needed to save space. (4) Her designed a new kind of bed. (5) folded into a cabinet and became a desk. (6) I think that invention is clever!

1. Which words should replace the words me and Ella to correct Sentence 1?

4. Which of the following sentences has an incorrect pronoun? A

Sentence 2

A

Ella and me

B

Sentence 3

B

Ella and I

C

Sentence 4

C

I and Ella

D Sentence 5

D he and Ella 5. Which pronoun could replace the second families in Sentence 3?

2. Which pronoun would best complete Sentence 5?

A

we

A

She

B

them

B

They

C

they

C

It

D he

D Them 6. Which pronoun could replace the words that invention in Sentence 6?

3. Which pronoun could replace the words Sarah Goode in Sentence 2?

A

her

A

her

B

it

B

she

C

they

C

it

D us

D them

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:43:14 PM

Subject and Object Pronouns

Name Fill in each blank with a pronoun from the box. Not all of the pronouns will be used.

me he

her they

it we

1. James thinks

him us

I them

Lesson 16

she

would like to design video games.

2. Dion showed

a model of the toy he made.

3. My friend Noelle invented a game, and we played 4. 5. Pia and

.

told Rafiq that his idea would save people time. entered the competition together.

6. Damien is nervous, but his friends will be there with 7. Raven asked Ron and

.

to help.

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with a pronoun. Write subject or object to identify each kind of pronoun. 8. Fred gave a report on Tabitha Babbitt.

9. Tabitha Babbitt invented the circular saw.

10. Trey and Marie told Fred the report was terrific.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:44:02 PM

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Name Write the possessive pronoun that could replace each group of words. Before a Noun

Lesson 17

Stand Alone

1. belonging to us 2. belonging to them 3. owned by the boy 4. belonging to me 5. belonging to you 6. the girl‘s Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined word or words with a possessive pronoun. 7. This is Danita’s painting.

8. The paper on the easel is Patrick’s.

9. “I think Danita’s painting is the best,” says Danita.

10. Simon and Donna announce that the drawing is Simon’s and Donna’s.

If you were to draw a picture of yourself, what would it look like? Use possessive pronouns to write three sentences describing the picture. Include possessive pronouns that are used before nouns and possessive pronouns that stand alone.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:54:05 AM

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Name Choose the reflexive pronoun that can replace each noun or pronoun.

itself himself

yourself myself

herself ourselves

Lesson 17

themselves

1. they 2. I 3. the chair 4. we 5. the girl 6. you 7. the boy Rewrite the sentences. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun in parentheses ( ). 8. Jerome wanted to paint (himself/themselves).

9. We looked at (herself/ourselves) in the mirror.

10. Would you like to draw (yourself/itself)?

11. Did you think you could do it all by (yourselves/himself)?

12. The woman said she would buy the paints (himself/herself).

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:45:24 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 17

(1) Our teacher announced, “Today you will make a painting of your favorite thing.” (2) She said the students could decide what to paint all by . (3) At ﬁrst, many students just stared at the students’ blank papers. (4) Then a boy named Fernando began painting birds on Fernando’s paper. (5) Lucia began painting basketballs on hers. (6) Soon we were all enjoying ourselves! 1. Which is a reflexive pronoun?

4. Which sentence has a possessive pronoun that stands alone?

A

Our (Sentence 1)

B

your (Sentence 1)

A

Sentence 1

C

hers (Sentence 5)

B

Sentence 2

D ourselves (Sentence 6)

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5 2. Which is the correct reflexive pronoun to fill in the blank in Sentence 2?

5. Which of these pronouns could replace the underlined word in Sentence 4?

A

themselves

B

theirself

A

your

C

themself

B

her

C

his

D themselfs

D its 3. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 3?

6. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun ourselves in Sentence 6?

A

my

B

their

A

boy

C

its

B

Lucia

C

basketballs

D our

D we

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:46:25 PM

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Name Write the pronoun in each sentence. Then write P if it is possessive or R if it is reflexive.

Lesson 17

1. The artists were pleased with their work. 2. The woman admired her paintings. 3. Juanita painted all of the portraits herself. 4. I gave my painting to a dear friend. 5. The sculpture was ours. 6. Did Maria put a price tag on yours? 7. William and Peter put the exhibit together themselves.

Rewrite each sentence. Correct any errors in the use of possessive or reflexive pronouns. 8. Kyle said the illustration belonged to his.

9. That was mine picture!

10. Andrea put hers art supplies in the cabinet.

11. We helped ourself to more oil paints.

12. Joanie and Niall said they colored the poster himself.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:48:29 PM

Adjectives and Articles

Name Complete each sentence. Add an adjective of the type shown in parentheses ( ). 1. The

Lesson 18

art students packed their supplies. (what kind?)

2. Douglas collected

paintbrushes. (how many?)

3. Sophie put

tubes of paint in a box. (how many?)

4. The teacher led them to the

garden. (what kind?)

5. The students discussed the

landscape. (what kind?)

6. They sketched for 7.

hours. (how many?) butterflies I was drawing flew away! (which ones?)

8. Elena sat on the 9. She had a

step. (which one?) talent. (what kind?)

10. I thought her painting was

! (what kind?)

Rewrite each sentence. Choose the correct articles from the parentheses ( ). 11. (A/The) workers sat down in (a/the) chairs.

12. (An/The) group was meeting in (a/an) auditorium.

13. Reese suggested (a/an) idea for (a/an) website.

14. (A/The) bosses applauded her creativity.

15. It was (a/an) exciting meeting!

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:54:21 AM

Adjectives and Articles

Name Underline the adjectives in each sentence. Then circle the noun each adjective describes.

Lesson 18

1. The young girl was excited. 2. The tall, thin poet stood on the stage. 3. The white spotlight was bright. 4. Many excited people sat in the audience. 5. The man opened his small, worn book. 6. In a warm, deep voice he read the poem. 7. The elderly woman enjoyed the wonderful performance. Complete each sentence using two adjectives from the box. Use each adjective only once. Use correct punctuation.

several exciting 8. The

9.

bright young

colorful many

pretty big

lot was on the corner.

children discussed how to clean it up.

10. A girl said they should paint a

mural.

11. One boy suggested planting

flowers.

12. The

project was a success!

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ugly dirty

Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:52:42 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 18

(1) Five big clowns got out of the tiny car. (2) They ran around in their big orange shoes. (3) The ﬁrst clown made a loud noise, and two other clowns fell down. (4) A small child looked happy. (5) Suddenly the clowns threw their funny colorful hats into the air and ran away. (6) The circus tent became quiet again. 1. Which adjective in Sentence 3 tells how many?

4. Which sentence is missing a comma between two adjectives?

A

first

A

Sentence 1

B

loud

B

Sentence 3

C

other

C

Sentence 5

D two

D Sentence 6

2. How many adjectives are in Sentence 1?

5. What does the adjective colorful in Sentence 5 tell the reader?

A

one

A

how many

B

two

B

which one

C

three

C

which way

D four

D what kind

3. Which of these words is NOT an adjective?

6. Which sentence has no articles? A

Sentence 1

A

Five (Sentence 1)

B

Sentence 2

B

car (Sentence 1)

C

Sentence 4

C

happy (Sentence 4)

D Sentence 6

D funny (Sentence 5)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:56:40 PM

Adjectives and Articles

Name Rewrite the letter. Add an adjective or adjectives to describe each underlined noun. Correct the articles when necessary.

Lesson 18

Dear Mom and Dad, I am having a (1) time at camp. After (2) days, I met (3) friends. We do (4) activities together. One (5) activity is arts and crafts class. I make (6) pots and paint them (7) colors. It takes (8) work, but I will be able to bring a (9) pot home to you! I am happy to be at (16) camp, and I feel lucky to have (17) parents. Please give my (18) dog a (19) hug from me. Your (20) son, Kyle

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Grammar Practice Book

9/15/06 4:22:38 PM

Comparing with Adjectives

Name Write the form of the adjective used to compare people, places, or things. Compare One with One

Lesson 19

Compare One with More than One

1. interesting 2. happy 3. great 4. hungry 5. amazing 6. cold

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct form of the adjective in parentheses. 7. The apple tree was the

8. The apple is a

of all the trees. (old)

fruit than the pear. (popular)

9. Leo said that strawberries are the

10. The pears were the

11. “This pear is

12. A grapefruit is

fruit of all. (delicious)

pears he had ever eaten. (juicy)

than that pear,” stated the girl. (small)

than an orange. (large)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:58:32 PM

Comparing with Adjectives

Name Complete each sentence with a correct form of good. 1. Aunt Jackie’s pumpkin pie is

Lesson 19

than the one from the store.

2. Adding extra spices to the pie filling is a 3. Rene’s apple pie is

idea.

than her last apple pie.

4. The competition is to find who makes the 5. To grow the

peach preserves.

flowers, you have to work hard.

6. Grandpa tells me that his garden is

than his neighbor’s garden.

7. Luis thinks this book is

.

8. Of all of the stories I have read, this story is the

.

9. Do you think the ending of the story is 10. That was the

?

of the three books.

Complete each sentence with a correct form of bad. 11. That peach tasted

.

12. This year’s harvest was

than last year’s.

13. Aunt Lin said the berry crisp was the 14. The old scarecrow looks

she has ever tasted. .

15. Jalinda said this year’s lemons were the 16. John said that I was not a

she has ever seen. gardener than he was.

17. I did not enjoy cooking because I was the 18. The preserves were 19. The weather was 20. Yesterday I felt

, and I did not eat them. today than yesterday. because I ate too many crabapples.

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chef in my family.

Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:58:59 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 19

(1) Patty’s Pies is the great bakery. (2) It has the most best cherry pie. (3) My friend Lee says that its apple pie is the delicious he has ever had. (4) The staﬀ is more nice than the staﬀ at the other local bakery. (5) You may notice that the decorations at Patty’s Pies are than those at the other bakery. (6) However, the pies are better at Patty’s, and that is what counts! 1. Which is the correct way to write great when comparing three or more things (Sentence 1)?

4. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 4?

A

greatest

A

more nicer

B

more great

B

most nice

C

most great

C

nicer

D correct as is

D nicest 5. Which adjective should fill in the blank in Sentence 5?

2. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 2?

A

old

A

more good

B

older

B

best

C

oldest

C

more better

D more older

D correct as is 6. Which sentence uses an adjective correctly to compare two things?

3. Which word or words should replace the underlined word in Sentence 3?

A

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 3 Sentence 5

A

deliciousest

C

B

more delicious

D Sentence 6

C

most delicious

D correct as is

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 4:59:26 PM

Comparing with Adjectives

Name Write the correct comparative form of the underlined adjective.

Lesson 19

1. Sean’s basket of apples was heavy than Ollie’s basket. 2. The tree in the front yard was large than the tree in the backyard.

3. Don said it was the amazing tree he had ever seen. 4. The field trip to the orchard was the fun I have had all week. 5. Of all the fruits, the cherry is the good fruit. 6. Don’t you think that was the interesting field trip of all?

Rewrite each sentence. Correct the errors in the use of adjectives. 7. Fran chose the colorful of the three cakes.

8. Was that menu most recent than the one we have at home?

9. Ana ate dinner more later than Tyrone.

10. That meal was the most better meal that Kate had ever eaten.

11. The pie tasted more bad than the cheesecake.

12. Mr. Young says the pastries are tastiest than the ones he made.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:01:07 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 20

(1) This month our reading club had its anniversary party. (2) I baked the cake for the party myself. (3) My friends Raoul and Belinda helped me decorate it. (4) Raoul, Belinda, and I made the cake look like our club’s ﬁrst book. (5) Raoul did the writing on the cake by . (6) There were other desserts at the party, but the best one was ours! 1. Which is NOT a possessive pronoun?

4. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun it in Sentence 3?

A

our (Sentence 1)

B

its (Sentence 1)

A

club

C

myself (Sentence 2)

B

party

C

cake

D My (Sentence 3)

D friends 2. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 4?

5. Which reflexive pronoun could fill the blank in Sentence 5?

A

They

B

We

A

yourself

C

Us

B

ourselves

C

himself

D You

D themselves

3. Which of the following sentences has a possessive pronoun that is not used before a noun?

6. Which sentence has the most pronouns?

A

Sentence 2

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 4

B

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 5

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 6

D Sentence 6

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:02:44 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 20

(1) The best pet Sandy ever owned was a small friendly pig named Gertrude. (2) She thought this pig was the most cute animal she had ever seen. (3) Sandy took good care of an adorable pig. (4) The most fun was taking Gertrude for walks down the street. (5) People gave Sandy most cheerful greetings than when she walked by herself. (6) “A pig is better than a dog for a pet!” said Sandy. 1. Which adjective from the passage tells which one?

4. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 5?

A

best

B

this

A

cheerfuller

C

good

B

cheerfullest

C

more cheerful

D fun

D correct as is 2. Which is the correct way to write cute when comparing more than two things in Sentence 2?

5. Which sentence is missing a comma between two adjectives?

A

more cute

A

Sentence 1

B

more cuter

B

Sentence 2

C

cuter

C

Sentence 4

D cutest

D Sentence 5

3. Which is the correct word to replace the article in Sentence 3?

6. Which noun does the adjective better describe in Sentence 6?

A

a

A

pig

B

the

B

dog

C

its

C

pet

D correct as is

D Sandy

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:03:48 PM

Main and Helping Verbs

Name Underline the verb in each sentence.

Lesson 21

1. We moved here last week. 2. I met a new friend today. 3. The librarian told me a story. 4. Long ago, a princess visited our town. 5. She brought her dog with her. 6. Many children read the book. 7. Older people remember the event. Rewrite each sentence. Use a verb to complete each one. 8. She

through the park.

9. My school day

at 8:30 A.M.

10. The large dog

to the child.

11. I

12. The family

13. My father

14. Do you

the family that lives upstairs.

three children.

the large box.

animals?

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:06:19 PM

Main and Helping Verbs

Name Underline the main verb. Circle the helping verb.

Lesson 21

1. Toby’s pet fish was swimming in the tank. 2. They have not purchased the fish bowl yet. 3. Toby’s mother was walking to the pet store. 4. She will buy the largest fish bowl.

Rewrite each sentence. Use a helping verb and a form of the verb in parentheses ( ). 5. My dog (behave) inside the house.

6. A bear (scare) me, too.

7. The newspaper (publish) an article about the incident.

8. The woman (shake) her head.

9. You (go) outside to play.

10. The class (end) early today.

11. The schoolchildren (write) stories about their pets.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:06:58 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 21

(1) My friend’s dog escaped from the yard. (2) She had squeezed through the fence. (3) She ran down the street. (4) Soon she was panting hard. (5) Then we caught her. (6) We will deﬁnitely ﬁx the hole in the fence! 1. Which has a helping verb?

4. Which verb is NOT a helping verb in the passage?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

A

had (Sentence 2)

C

Sentence 3

B

was (Sentence 4)

D Sentence 5

C

caught (Sentence 5)

D will (Sentence 6) 2. Which is NOT a main verb in the passage?

5. Which sentence does NOT have a helping verb?

A

escaped (Sentence 1)

B

had (Sentence 2)

A

Sentence 1

C

caught (Sentence 5)

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

D fix (Sentence 6)

D Sentence 6 3. Which are the main verbs in Sentences 2 and 6? A

squeezed and fix

B

had and fix

C

had and will

6. Which sentence has another word between the helping verb and the main verb?

D squeezed and definitely

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 5

D Sentence 6

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:07:22 PM

Main and Helping Verbs

Name For each sentence, write the main verb. Then write the helping verb.

Lesson 21

1. This dog food is made for larger dogs. 2. One bag of food can feed two adult Dalmatians.

3. I have developed a special formula for the food.

4. It could satisfy the hungriest of dogs! 5. This customer would like a sample. 6. I am buying two bags of this dog food. Choose a helping verb from the box to complete each sentence. You may use a helping verb more than once or not at all.

are did

would has

could will

7. The store

should is

staying open until 7:00 P.M.

8. Which flavor of ice cream 9. Katie 10.

you like?

not make her choice yet. she ever eaten a banana split?

11. My family

bring potato salad to the picnic.

12. We

see huge storm clouds in the sky.

13. If it rains, the picnic 14.

be canceled.

we meeting at the park?

15. The weather forecast says that we

have sunny weather.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:08:04 PM

Action and Linking Verbs

Name Underline the verb in each sentence. Write action or linking to tell what kind of verb it is.

Lesson 22

1. The family travels far from home. 2. We stay with my mother’s sister. 3. They are very welcoming. 4. My father is a hard worker. 5. A union helps the workers. 6. Our new home seems nice. 7. My brothers and I speak Spanish. Rewrite each sentence. Complete it with the kind of verb shown in parentheses ( ). 8. Marco

9. He

10. The children

music on his guitar. (action)

a talented musician. (linking)

anxious about traveling. (linking)

11. My friends and I

to the park. (action)

12. The whole family

good-bye. (action)

Write four sentences about your family. Use two action verbs and two linking verbs.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:09:09 PM

Action and Linking Verbs

Name Underline the action verbs. Circle the linking verbs.

Lesson 22

1. Claudio visits his grandparents in Mexico. 2. He feels excited about the trip. 3. Claudio’s grandparents are happy about the visit, too. 4. Finally, the boy arrives. 5. A young girl named Juanita says hello. 6. She is about Claudio’s age. 7. Claudio and Juanita play together.

Rewrite each sentence. Complete each one with a verb. Then write whether you used an action verb or a linking verb. 8. The young girl

9. She

10. The mother

11. People

in a diary.

worried.

the girl.

to a new country every day!

12. Soon, all of the relatives

together again.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:09:52 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 22

(1) Many people are on the bus. (2) The driver checks our tickets. (3) I feel nervous, but my brothers are excited. (4) We ﬁnally arrive at the bus station. (5) Our father is there! (6) He hugs and kisses all of us. 1. Which sentence has a linking verb?

4. Which is NOT a linking verb?

A

Sentence 1

A

are (Sentence 1)

B

Sentence 2

B

feel (Sentence 3)

C

Sentence 4

C

arrive (Sentence 4)

D Sentence 6

D is (Sentence 5)

2. Which is NOT an action verb?

5. Which sentence has an action verb?

A

checks (Sentence 2)

A

Sentence 1

B

feel (Sentence 3)

B

Sentence 3

C

arrive (Sentence 4)

C

Sentence 4

D hugs (Sentence 6)

D Sentence 5

3. Which describes the two verbs in Sentence 3? A

Feel is linking and are is action.

B

Feel is action and are is linking.

C

They are both action verbs.

6. Which describes the two verbs in Sentence 6? A

Hugs is linking and kisses is action.

B

Hugs is action and kisses is linking.

C

They are both action verbs.

D They are both linking verbs.

D They are both linking verbs.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:10:25 PM

Action and Linking Verbs

Name Write the main verb in each sentence. Then label each one as action or linking.

Lesson 22

1. The car ride is long. 2. Raoul and Hector are tired from the trip. 3. That night, Mr. Diaz falls asleep immediately. 4. My mother and aunts cook breakfast. 5. Our home seems so far away. 6. I think about my friends there.

Add a verb to complete each sentence. Write action or linking to tell what kind of verb you used. 7. The city 8. Lola 9. A girl 10. She 11. Hugo 12. I 13. Lola 14. I 15. The ice cream

noisy. her bicycle. across the yard. friendly. used to the city sounds. a quarter. a tree in the park. an ice-cream cone. delicious.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:11:05 PM

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

Name Circle the correct present-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ).

Lesson 23

1. A cricket (jump, jumps) high in the air. 2. It (has, have) strong legs. 3. Do you (see, sees) many crickets in the city? 4. The big cat (look, looks) at the small insect. 5. The mice (hide, hides) behind the cupboard. 6. At the newsstand, workers (sell, sells) newspapers. 7. The subway (travel, travels) underground. 8. Mario (make, makes) a cage for his pet cricket. 9. My mother (think, thinks) crickets are noisy. 10. Some insects (chirp, chirps) loudly.

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct present-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ). 11. Many birds (eat) insects.

12. A cricket (rub) its wings together to make noise.

13. An insect (have) three body sections.

14. Bees, butterflies, and wasps (fly) around our garden.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:12:02 PM

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

Name Write the form of the verb be in each sentence. Then write whether the subject is singular or plural.

Lesson 23

1. They are at the theater already.

2. I am late for the show.

3. Her shoes are red.

4. The show is fantastic!

Rewrite each sentence with the correct present-tense form of the verb be. 5. This neighborhood

near Times Square.

6. Many beautiful theaters

7. I

8. There

9. We

10. I

here.

amazed at the city’s enormous size.

so much to see!

visiting the museum today.

looking forward to it.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:14:00 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 23

(1) Insects are an important part of Chinese culture. (2) Paintings and poems often insects. (3) People keep insects for entertainment, too. (4) For example, a cricket may be kept as a pet. (5) A pet insect lives in a small cage. (6) Its song bring joy to its owner. 1. Which sentence has a present-tense form of the verb be?

4. Which verb could complete Sentence 2?

A

Sentence 1

A

look

B

Sentence 3

B

has

C

Sentence 4

C

include

D Sentence 5

D shows

2. Which has a plural form of a verb that should be in the singular form?

5. Which sentence has a singular subject and a verb that agrees with it?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

A

Sentence 1

C

Sentence 5

B

Sentence 3

D Sentence 6

C

Sentence 5

D Sentence 6 3. Which is a verb that agrees with its plural subject?

6. Which change, if any, should the student make to Sentence 6?

A

keep (Sentence 3)

B

makes (Sentence 4)

A

Change Its to It.

C

example (Sentence 4)

B

Change bring to brings.

C

Change joy to joys.

D lives (Sentence 5)

D Make no change.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:54:32 AM

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

Name Rewrite each sentence, adding a subject from the box. Use each pronoun only once. Make sure that the subjects and verbs agree.

I

1. Can

You

She

It

Lesson 23

They

read a book about zoo animals today?

2.

are all different kinds of animals.

3.

is a really great story.

4.

am not sure how it ends.

5.

keeps the book on her shelf.

Write the form of the verb be in each sentence. Then write whether the subject is singular or plural. 6. We are students in Mr. Stanley’s writing class. 7. I am one of the best writers. 8. You are my favorite author. 9. This lesson is harder than last week’s lesson. 10. Mr. Stanley tells us, “You are all very talented.”

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:15:38 PM

Past and Future Tenses

Name Underline the complete verb in each sentence. Write past tense or future tense to identify the tense of each verb.

Lesson 24

1. The photographer worked all day. 2. She used her best camera. 3. At sunset, the light faded away. 4. The photographs will be pretty. 5. She rowed the boat to shore. 6. The assistant viewed the images on the computer. 7. He will choose the best ones. 8. They shouted with happiness. 9. The editor at the newspaper will like your pictures. 10. He will pay for them.

Rewrite each sentence, using the correct form of the verb in parentheses ( ). 11. Mango trees

12. The leaves

in the orchard. (grow–past tense)

reddish. (look–past tense)

13. Each mango fruit

a single seed. (contain–past tense)

14. Mango flowers (appear–future tense)

15. The fruit

in the spring or summer.

about one pound. (weigh–future tense)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:16:37 PM

Past and Future Tenses

Name Complete the columns. Write the missing forms of each verb. PRESENT TENSE 1.

check

2.

drag

PAST TENSE

Lesson 24

FUTURE TENSE

will call

3. stop

4.

will study

5. rinsed

6.

will watch

7. tried

8. clean

9.

Rewrite the paragraph. Change the underlined present-tense verbs to their past-tense form.

Shawn (10) visits Florida and (11) learns about swamp life. The swamp (12) appears wet and wooded. Shawn (13) counts many diﬀerent types of plants. He (14) likes the cypress trees best. Shawn and his sister (15) look for animals, such as turtles, otters, and herons.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:20:50 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 24

(1) We spotted two brown pelicans by the marina. (2) They live on the sandy beach. (3) The pelicans ﬁsh. (4) They will use their bills and pouches to scoop up ﬁsh. (5) They build a nest on the ground. (6) Both the male bird and the female bird incubate the eggs. 1. Which sentence uses the past-tense form of a verb?

4. Which change, if any, should be made in Sentence 5 to use a future-tense verb?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

A

Change build to builds.

C

Sentence 4

B

Change build to will build.

D Sentence 5

C

Change build to built.

D Make no change. 2. Which is a present-tense verb that could complete Sentence 3? A

were

B

eat

C

caught

5. Which change, if any, should be made in Sentence 6 to use a future-tense verb?

D enjoyed 3. Which sentence uses a future-tense form of a verb?

A

Change incubate to will incubate.

B

Change incubate to incubates.

C

Change incubate to incubated.

D Make no change. 6. Which shows the correct present, past, and future tenses of a verb?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

A

spot, spots, will spot

D Sentence 5

B

life, lived, will live

C

uses, used, will used

D scoop, scooped, will scoop

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:37:26 PM

Past and Future Tenses

Name Write the past-tense and future-tense forms of each present-tense verb.

Lesson 24

1. remark 2. surround 3. smile 4. bloom 5. trade 6. grin 7. hurry

Rewrite each sentence. Write the future-tense verbs in the past tense. Write the past-tense verbs in the future tense. 8. The storm caused a lot of damage.

9. We will check the yard after the storm.

10. The heavy rain ruined my vegetable garden.

11. Our neighbors’ garage collapsed!

12. They will report this to their insurance company.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:23:02 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 25

(1) The volume of the radio was loud. (2) The announcer was yelling about a contest. (3) My friend Pedro had entered the contest. (4) We should listen for the winner. (5) Wow, Pedro has won a trip to China! (6) He is so excited! 1. Which sentence has a linking verb as its main verb?

4. Which is NOT a helping verb in the passage?

A

Sentence 1

A

was (Sentence 2)

B

Sentence 2

B

had (Sentence 3)

C

Sentence 4

C

should (Sentence 4)

D Sentence 5

D is (Sentence 6)

2. Which is NOT a main verb in the passage?

5. Which describes the verb entered in Sentence 3?

A

yelling (Sentence 2)

A

helping and linking

B

entered (Sentence 3)

B

main and linking

C

should (Sentence 4)

C

main and action

D won (Sentence 5)

D helping and action

3. Which sentence does NOT have a helping verb?

6. Which are the main verbs in Sentences 4 and 5?

A

Sentence 2

A

listen and won

B

Sentence 3

B

listen and has

C

Sentence 5

C

should and won

D Sentence 6

D should and has

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:54:49 AM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 25

(1) Jamal is going to San Francisco. (2) He will ride a train from Arizona to California. (3) Jamal packed his bags. (4) Jamal and his sister walk to the train station. (5) The conductor shout, “All aboard!” (6) Jamal hugs his sister and jumps onto the train. 1. Which verb agrees in number with its plural subject?

4. Which describes the verb hugs in Sentence 6?

A

is going (Sentence 1)

A

past-tense

B

will ride (Sentence 2)

B

future-tense

C

walk (Sentence 4)

C

present-tense

D hugs (Sentence 5)

D plural

2. Which sentence has a future-tense verb?

5. Which is the past-tense form of the underlined verb in Sentence 6?

A

Sentence 1

A

jumped

B

Sentence 2

B

jump

C

Sentence 3

C

will jump

D Sentence 6

D jumping

3. Which sentence has a verb that does not agree with its singular subject?

6. Which sentence has a past-tense verb?

A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

D Sentence 6

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:24:22 PM

Name

Irregular Verbs

Write the past-tense form for each present-tense verb.

Lesson 26

1. go 2. begin 3. wear 4. throw

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct past-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ). 5. Ancient people

6. They

7. The scientist

8. He

the huge bones belonged to giants. (think)

wrong. (be)

the skull in the museum’s basement. (find)

the answer to the student’s question. (know)

9. Hank’s model of a dinosaur skeleton

10. We

him a new model. (give)

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. (break)

Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:25:43 PM

Name

Irregular Verbs

Complete the chart with the correct forms of each verb.

VERB

1. wear 2. go

PRESENT

go, goes know, knows

4. break

break, breaks

5. begin

begin, begins

6. throw

throw, throws

8. choose 9. draw 10. eat

PAST WITH HELPING VERBS (have, has, had)

wear, wears

3. know

7. be

PAST

Lesson 26

am, is, are choose, chooses draw, draws eat, eats

Write this present-tense paragraph in the past tense. Sama (11) is a good reader. Over the summer, she (12) goes to the library every day. Sama (13) chooses a new book each time. Then she (14) begins to read. By the end of the summer, she (15) knows a lot about many different things.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:26:12 PM

Name

Irregular Verbs

Rewrite the underlined verbs in the past tense.

Lesson 26

1. Writing stories about dinosaurs is Jane’s favorite pastime. 2. She begins with a description of the dinosaur. 3. Jane thinks of its habitat. 4. Then she writes about events from her imagination. 5. When she makes a mistake, she throws the page away. 6. The stories are always great! 7. Jane knows so much about these animals.

Write a sentence to answer each question. Use the past-tense form of the verb you see in the question. 8. When did you go to bed last night?

9. What kind of shoes did you wear yesterday?

10. When did you begin your homework?

11. What did you see on your way to school today?

12. What did you think of the book?

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:27:53 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 26

(1) We went to the Natural History Museum yesterday. (2) The tour of the dinosaur exhibit was two hours long. (3) The museum guide suggested that we wear comfortable shoes. (4) Instead, Arnie wore his brand-new boots. (5) He had thought it was a good idea. (6) After just 15 minutes, Arnie knew he had made a mistake! 1. Which verb from the passage is the past-tense form of the verb go?

4. Which two sentences do NOT include a past-tense form of the verb be?

A

went (Sentence 1)

B

was (Sentence 2)

A

Sentences 1 and 2

C

wear (Sentence 3)

B

Sentences 3 and 4

D wore (Sentence 4)

C

Sentences 4 and 5

D Sentences 5 and 6

2. Which sentence has one verb in the present tense and one in the past tense?

5. Which verb is the past-tense form of the verb be?

A

Sentence 2

A

went (Sentence 1)

B

Sentence 3

B

was (Sentence 2)

C

Sentence 4

C

wear (Sentence 3)

D Sentence 5

D wore (Sentence 4)

3. Which two sentences have a helping verb?

6. The underlined verb in Sentence 4 is the past-tense form of which verb?

A

Sentences 2 and 3

B

Sentences 3 and 4

A

thrill

C

Sentences 4 and 5

B

throw

D Sentences 5 and 6

C

think

D theft

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Grammar Practice Book

9/19/06 6:54:59 AM

Easily Confused Words

Name Write the contraction for each word pair.

Lesson 27

1. she is 2. is not 3. they have 4. does not 5. will not 6. should not 7. you are 8. I am 9. we had 10. it is

Label each underlined word as a contraction or a possessive pronoun. 11. We’re tired from walking so far. 12. The door wouldn’t close. 13. Its hinge is broken. 14. After lunch, they weren’t tired anymore. 15. The hikers put on their backpacks. 16. It’s a long way to the bottom of the canyon! 17. Your face looks sunburned. 18. I’ve put on sunscreen and a hat. 19. I think they’re resting. 20. Imagine you’re already at the top of the hill.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:28:22 PM

Easily Confused Words

Name Circle the word in parentheses ( ) that correctly completes the sentence.

Lesson 27

1. (It’s, Its) time to stop for water. 2. (They’re, Their) shoes are dry and dusty. 3. I count (four, for) coyotes. 4. The pack mules (no, know) which trail to follow. 5. (Your, You’re) taking some great pictures. 6. They plan to hike tomorrow, (to, too).

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct word from the box to complete it.

new

knew

heard

7. This sleeping bag is

8. I

11. They

write

.

of buffalo!

me a postcard when you have time.

the way to the campsite.

12. Are you sure Dora is

?

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right

Dora yell with excitement.

9. We see a

10.

herd

Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:33:08 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 27

(1) In two days I’m visiting Yosemite National Park with my cousins. (2) They have been to the park before, but I haven’t. (3) My cousins say they’re favorite part of the trip is seeing all of the stars at night. (4) I can’t wait too see the stars. (5) I know its going to be fantastic! 1. Which word pair does the contraction I’m in Sentence 1 stand for?

4. Which sentence incorrectly uses a contraction where there should be a possessive pronoun?

A

I may

A

Sentence 1

B

I am

B

Sentence 2

C

I might

C

Sentence 3

D I have

D Sentence 5

2. Which is the contraction for the underlined words in Sentence 2?

5. Which sentence incorrectly uses a possessive pronoun where there should be a contraction?

A

They’ve

B

The’ve

A

Sentence 2

C

They’d

B

Sentence 3

D They’re

C

Sentence 4

D Sentence 5 3. Which word pair does the contraction haven’t in Sentence 2 stand for?

6. In which sentence is one of the words two, too, or to used incorrectly?

A

have nothing

B

have no

A

Sentence 1

C

have not

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

D have never

D Sentence 5

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:33:45 PM

Easily Confused Words

Name Write the contraction for each word pair.

Lesson 27

1. can not 2. they had 3. do not 4. you have 5. we have 6. are not 7. were not

Write whether the underlined word is correct or incorrect. If the word is incorrect, write the correct one. 8. Their are many wonderful parks in the United States. 9. I haven’t been too them all. 10. If you’ve seen the Grand Canyon, you’re lucky. 11. My sister has heard that it is more than 275 miles long.

12. I’ve read it is about won mile deep! 13. Its a five-hour trip to the deepest part of the canyon. 14. Ollie’s parents showed us their photographs of the Grand Canyon.

15. I no I want to go there some day.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:34:45 PM

Name

Adverbs

Circle the adverb. Then write whether the adverb tells where, when, or how.

Lesson 28

1. Paul Bunyan worked hard to clear the land. 2. Paul Bunyan walked everywhere. 3. Paul fell in love with Carrie immediately. 4. Later, they got married. 5. My mother sings happily. 6. Sometimes I join in the song. 7. Niagara Falls is over there. 8. Today we are walking in Bryce Canyon.

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct form of the adverb in parentheses ( ). 9. The Bunyan children grow

10. The girl

11. The family travels

than the neighbor’s children. (quick)

wrestled a puma. (brave)

. (wide)

12. They enjoy their trips

. (great)

Choose one adverb of each type, for example upstairs, frequently, and softly. Then use each adverb in a sentence that compares more than two actions.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:36:34 PM

Name

Adverbs

Underline each verb, and circle the adverb that describes it. Then write the negative from each sentence.

Lesson 28

1. Nobody chops down trees better than Paul Bunyan. 2. It was not difficult for him to cut trees more quickly than other loggers.

3. No ox worked harder than Babe. 4. No place looks more beautiful than Big Sur. 5. I’ve never met anyone who could sing more loudly than Sue. Rewrite each sentence correctly, with only one negative. 6. He had never seen no big mountains before.

7. There is not nothing wrong with being a lumberjack.

8. The other loggers were not never as fast as Paul.

9. Paul hadn’t seen nothing like Babe before.

10. He couldn’t imagine no finer ox.

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:38:17 PM

Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 28

(1) Of all the famous characters in folktales, Babe the Blue Ox worked hardest. (2) No animal was never as strong as Babe. (3) Babe labored more than Paul Bunyan did! (4) I happily read any stories about Paul and Babe. (5) I thought they were the best stories of all. (6) I will write about the story tomorrow.

1. Which of the following is NOT an adverb in the passage?

4. Which sentence has a double negative?

A

hardest (Sentence 1)

A

Sentence 1

B

strong (Sentence 2)

B

Sentence 2

C

more (Sentence 3)

C

Sentence 3

D happily (Sentence 4)

D Sentence 5

2. Which are being compared in Sentence 1?

5. Which sentence compares just two actions?

A

Babe and folktales

A

Sentence 1

B

Babe and famous characters

B

Sentence 3

C

famous characters and folktales

C

Sentence 4

D Babe and the Blue Ox

D Sentence 5

3. Which is NOT described by an adverb?

6. Which is an adverb that tells when? A

hardest (Sentence 1)

A

worked (Sentence 1)

B

happily (Sentence 4)

B

labored (Sentence 3)

C

best (Sentence 5)

C

read (Sentence 4)

D tomorrow (Sentence 6)

D thought (Sentence 5)

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Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:42:34 PM

Name

Adverbs

Fill in the chart with the correct forms of each adverb.

ADVERB

Lesson 28

COMPARING MORE THAN TWO ACTIONS

COMPARING TWO ACTIONS

1. quietly 2. high 3. frequently 4. well 5. carefully 6. early

Rewrite the sentences. Use adverbs from the chart above. Correct all double negatives. 7. I read books

than Kate does.

8. Paul Bunyan jumps the

9. She plays

of all.

than her younger sister does.

10. Paul doesn’t think no animal works

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than Babe.

Grammar Practice Book

9/12/06 5:45:23 PM

Name

Punctuation

Complete each sentence by adding a comma, colon, or hyphen. Write comma, colon, or hyphen to identify the punctuation mark you added. 1. I once visited Anchorage 2. This is what I took

Alaska.

a camera, my suitcase, and a travel book.

3. My uncle, who is twenty

two, also came.

4. One day, we took the train to Fairbanks 5. I ate chocolate

Lesson 29

Alaska.

covered peanuts on the train.

6. I saw these animals from the train

a moose, a bear, and a fox.

7. The train arrived in the Fairbanks station at 7 8. My trip ended on August 20

30 P.M.

2006.

Rewrite each sentence. Correctly write each title. 9. John Muir wrote a book called The Story of My Boyhood and Youth.

10. Alaska’s Flag is the title of the state song.

11. My mom thinks the newspaper USA Today is the best newspaper.

12. Have you seen the movie 101 Dalmatians?

13. A young orphan takes in a stray dog in the play Annie.

14. Charlotte’s Web is my favorite book.

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Name

Punctuation

If the use of quotation marks is correct, write correct. If the use of quotation marks is incorrect, write incorrect.

Lesson 29

1. “What do you know about Alaska? asked Philip.” 2. “I know it became the forty-ninth state in 1959,” answered Drea.

3. Samuel said, “Isn’t Alaska the largest state? 4. It’s twice the size of Texas! exclaimed Raoul. 5. The largest city is Anchorage, “said Anna.” Rewrite each sentence. Add quotation marks and commas where they are needed. 6. Have you heard of Mt. McKinley? asked Yetta.

7. It is the highest point in North America said Marvin.

8. Win said, Alaska became a state on January 3 1959.

9. The state flower is the forget-me-not, announced Jay.

10. Alaska has a lot of oil said Patik.

11. Debbie said, Oil is an important natural resource.

12. You can travel to Juneau, Alaska, only by boat or by plane, said Zora.

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 29

(1) “On October 5 2008, there will be a performance at Anchorage Elementary School, said Mr. Pearson, the principal. (2) Tell us what the fourthgrade students will perform, said Mr. Clark. (3) “The students will perform a scene from the play Our Great State” answered Mr. Pearson. (4) “What time does the play start?” asked Ms. Kert. (5) “The play starts at 800 p.m. said the principal.”

1. Which sentence is NOT missing a comma?

4. Which sentence has no errors? A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

D Sentence 5 5. Where should quotation marks be added in Sentence 2?

2. Which sentence is missing a colon? A

Sentence 1

A

before Tell and after perform,

B

Sentence 2

B

before Tell and after Clark.

C

Sentence 4

C

before Tell

D Sentence 5

D after Clark.

3. Which of the following should be underlined? A

6. Which is the name of the punctuation mark between the words fourth and grade in Sentence 2?

Anchorage Elementary School (Sentence 1)

B

Principal Pearson (Sentence 1)

A

comma

C

Our Great State (Sentence 3)

B

quotation mark

C

hyphen

D Ms. Kert (Sentence 4)

D colon

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Name

Punctuation Lesson 29

Rewrite each sentence. Correct any mistakes in punctuation. 1. The book Old Yeller is about a dog and a boy.

2. The setting of the story is Salt Lick Texas.

3. I like that story a lot says Daisy.

4. Ernesto says The movie Lassie is better.

5. I take three things to the park my ball my bat and my jacket.

6. What are you reading asks Fletcher.

7. He is reading The Mouse and the Motorcycle.

8. Edie sings This Land Is Your Land with me.

9. Kaia’s mother is thirty seven years old.

10. James says My dog is the best dog in the world!

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 30

(1) Last year Grandma and I moved to a new town. (2) We had thought that we would not know anyone there, but we did! (3) The Pattersons, friends from our old neighborhood, brought us brownies when we moved in. (4) They’re house was next door. (5) Patty Patterson said that we will go to the same school. (6) Its so nice to have friends! 1. Which sentence has helping verbs?

4. Which sentence incorrectly uses a possessive pronoun where there should be a contraction?

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 3

A

Sentence 3

D Sentence 6

B

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 5

2. Which is the contraction for the word pair would not in Sentence 2? A

wouldn’t

B

won’t

C

weren’t

D Sentence 6 5. Which sentence incorrectly uses a contraction where there should be a possessive pronoun?

D wasn’t 3. Of which verb is brought (Sentence 3) the past-tense form? A

begin

B

be

C

bring

A

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 5

D Sentence 6 6. Which verb is the past-tense form of the verb think?

D bristle

A

thought (Sentence 2)

B

brought (Sentence 3)

C

was (Sentence 4)

D said (Sentence 5)

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Grammar–Writing Connection

Name Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Lesson 30

(1) First prize for the Book Report Fair goes to Shelly King announced Mr. Langley. (2) “Her report on Shipwreck at the Bottom of the World was the best of all, said Ms. Winston. (3) I think I worked harder than Shelly did,” said Evan. (4) “Come quickly to get your ribbon, Shelly!” called out Mr. Langley. (5) Shelly was not nowhere to be found. (6) “Can I have the prize, then?” Evan asked hopefully.

1. Which sentence is missing a comma?

4. Which sentence is NOT missing one or more quotation marks?

A

Sentence 1

A

Sentence 1

B

Sentence 2

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 3

C

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

D Sentence 4

2. Which sentence has a double negative?

5. Which should be underlined? A

Book Report Fair (Sentence 1)

A

Sentence 1

B

Shelly King (Sentence 1)

B

Sentence 2

C

Shipwreck at the Bottom of the

C

Sentence 3

World (Sentence 2)

D Sentence 5

D Mr. Langley (Sentence 4)

3. Which is NOT an adverb?

6. Which sentence compares two actions?

A

first (Sentence 1)

B

harder (Sentence 3)

A

Sentence 1

C

quickly (Sentence 4)

B

Sentence 2

C

Sentence 3

D hopefully (Sentence 6)

D Sentence 4

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INDEX A Abbreviations, 38–40, 53 Action verbs, 77–80 Adjectives, 63–66, 72 comparing with, 67–70, 72 Adverbs, 99–102, 108 comparing with, 101–102, 108 Antecedents agreement with pronouns, 49–52, 54, 61, 71 Apostrophes in contractions, 95, 97–98, 107 in possessive nouns, 45–48 Articles, 63, 65–66, 72

Common nouns, 37, 39–40 Complete predicates, 13–16, 18 Complete sentences, 1, 3 Complete subjects, 13–16, 18 Complex sentences, 32–34, 36 Compound predicates, 19–22, 26 Compound sentences, 23–26, 32, 35 Compound subjects, 19–22, 26, 35 Conjunctions, 20, 23–26 Contractions, 95, 97–98, 107

D Declarative sentences, 1–4, 17 Dependent clauses, 31, 33–34, 36

B

E

Be (verb), 74, 76, 82–84, 93

End marks, 1–8, 17 Exclamatory sentences, 5–8, 17

C Capitalization of proper nouns, 39, 53 of sentences, 1–4 of titles, 40, 103, 105–106, 108 Clauses dependent, 31, 33–34, 36 independent, 31, 33–34 Commas, 103–106, 108 between adjectives, 65, 72 in complex sentences, 32–34 in compound sentences, 24–26 in compound subjects and predicates, 20–22

F Future-tense verbs, 85–88, 90

H Helping verbs, 74–76, 89, 93, 107

I Imperative sentences, 5–8, 17 Independent clauses, 31, 33–34 Interjections, 6–8 Interrogative sentences, 1–4, 17 Irregular verbs, 91–94, 107

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L Linking verbs, 77–80, 89

M Main and helping verbs, 73–76, 80, 89, 93, 107 Mechanics See Capitalization; Punctuation

N Negatives, 100–102, 108 Nouns common, 37, 39–40 plural possessive, 45–48, 54 possessive, 45–48, 54 proper, 37, 39–40, 53 singular and plural, 41–44, 46–48, 53–54

Present-tense verbs, 81–83, 86, 90, 93 Pronouns, 49–52, 54, 71 antecedents of, 49–52, 54, 61, 71 plural possessive, 59, 61–62, 71, 95, 97, 107 possessive, 59, 61–62, 71, 95, 97, 107 reflexive, 60–62, 71 subject and object, 55–58 Proper nouns, 37, 39–40, 53 Punctuation apostrophes in contractions, 95, 97–98, 107 apostrophes in possessive nouns, 45–48 colons, 103, 105–106 commas, 103–106, 108 end marks, 1–8, 17 quotation marks, 104–106, 108 titles, 40, 103, 105–106, 108

Q O

Quotation marks, 104–106, 108

Object pronouns, 55–58

R P Past-tense verbs, 85–88, 90–94, 107 Possessive nouns, 45–48, 54 Possessive pronouns, 59, 61–62, 71, 95, 97, 107 Predicates, 9–12 complete, 13–16, 18 compound, 19–22, 26 simple, 13–16, 18, 21, 35 Prepositional phrases, 27–30, 36 Prepositions, 27–30, 36

Reflexive pronouns, 60–62, 71 Run-on sentences, 24–25, 35

S Sentences capitalization of, 1–4 complex, 32–34, 36 compound, 23–26, 32, 35 run-on, 24–25, 35 simple, 23, 32–33, 35

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Sentences, types of declarative, 1–4, 17 exclamatory, 5–8, 17 imperative, 5–8, 17 interrogative, 1–4, 17 Simple predicates, 13–16, 18, 21, 35 Simple sentences, 23, 32–33, 35 Simple subjects, 13–16, 18, 21 Singular nouns, 41–44 Singular possessive nouns, 46–48 Subject pronouns, 55–58 Subjects, 9–12, 18 complete, 13–16, 18 compound, 19–22, 26, 35 simple, 13–16, 18, 21 Subject-verb agreement, 78, 81–84, 90

V Verbs action, 77–80 be, forms of, 74, 76, 82–84, 93 future tense, 85–88, 90 irregular, 91–94, 107 linking, 77–80, 89 main and helping, 73–76, 80, 89, 93, 107 past tense, 85–88, 90–94, 107 present tense, 81–83, 86, 90, 93 See also Subject-verb agreement

T Tenses future, 85–88, 90 past, 85–88, 90–94, 107 present, 81–83, 86, 90, 93 Theme Reviews Theme 1, 17–19 Theme 2, 35–36 Theme 3, 53–54 Theme 4, 71–72 Theme 5, 89–90 Theme 6, 107–108 Titles, 40, 103, 105–106, 108

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Grammar Practice Book Teacher Edition Grade 4

Visit The Learning Site! www.harcourtschool.com

Copyright © by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Fax: 407-345-2418. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 10 0-15-349917-6 ISBN 13 978-0-15-3499173 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

073

12 11 10 09 08 07 06

If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

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Contents T HEME 1 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

1 2 3 4 5

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences ..................................................... 3 Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections ................................. 5 Subjects and Predicates.............................................................................. 7 Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates ........................................... 9 Review .................................................................................................... 11

T HEME 2 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10

Compound Subjects and Predicates ......................................................... 12 Simple and Compound Sentences ........................................................... 14 Prepositional Phrases................................................................................ 16 Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences................................................. 18 Review .................................................................................................... 20

T HEME 3 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

11 12 13 14 15

Common and Proper Nouns .................................................................... 21 Singular and Plural Nouns ........................................................................ 23 Possessive Nouns ..................................................................................... 25 Pronouns and Antecedents ...................................................................... 27 Review .................................................................................................... 29

T HEME 4 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

16 17 18 19 20

Subject and Object Pronouns................................................................... 30 Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns ........................................................... 32 Adjectives and Articles ............................................................................. 34 Comparing with Adjectives ...................................................................... 36 Review .................................................................................................... 38

T HEME 5 21 22 23 24 25

Main and Helping Verbs .......................................................................... 39 Action and Linking Verbs ......................................................................... 41 Verbs: Present Tense; Subject-Verb Agreement ......................................... 43 Verbs: Past and Future Tenses .................................................................. 45 Review .................................................................................................... 47

T HEME 6 Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

26 27 28 29 30

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Irregular Verbs ........................................................................................ 48 Easily Confused Words ............................................................................ 50 Adverbs ................................................................................................... 52 Punctuation ............................................................................................. 54 Review .................................................................................................... 56

© Harcourt • Grade 4

Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson Lesson

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

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sentence

10. The week passed quickly.

1

They are happy that you are home.

9. Happy that you.

I went running early in the morning.

8. Early in the morning.

The water is cold.

7. The water.

sentence

6. I went swimming.

Possible responses are shown.

If the words form a sentence, write sentence. If the words form a fragment, add words to make a complete sentence.

She comes home in one week.

5. she comes home in one week

I will write her a letter.

4. i will write her a letter

Even the dog misses her.

3. even the dog misses her

The house seems empty.

2. the house seems empty

My sister went to camp yesterday.

1. my sister went to camp yesterday

Rewrite each sentence, using capital letters and end marks.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Lesson 1

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

2

Who wants pizza for dinner?

10. who wants pizza for dinner

I really like my new friends.

9. i really like my new friends

Where is the bus stop?

8. where is the bus stop

She rides her bike to school.

7. she rides her bike to school

What time is art class?

6. what time is art class

Lesson 1

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

Sentence 2 Sentence 3

B C

D Sentence 6

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

B C

Sentence 1

A

3. Which sentence is not a complete thought?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

B C

Sentence 1

A

2. Which sentence has an incorrect end mark?

D Sentence 4

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence is missing an end mark?

3

Lesson 1

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence is not capitalized correctly?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

5. Which sentence has words that are not in the correct order?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

4. Which sentence has no errors?

(1) i went to visit my grandparents over the summer. (2) I missed my friends a lot at ﬁrst (3) Then I found out that there were many things to do for fun. (4) Hiking, biking, and gardening. (5) Do you know what happened. (6) I didn’t want to when the visit was over leave.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Rewrite the sentences below. Begin and end them correctly.

declarative

5. Vincent has made some new friends.

interrogative

4. How do you like your new school?

interrogative

3. Who is the boy on the red bicycle?

declarative

2. He likes riding his bike in the new neighborhood.

declarative

1. Vincent has moved to a new city.

Label each sentence below as declarative or interrogative.

Name

5

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Lesson 1

Declarative and Interrogative Sentences

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_004.indd 4

4

exclamatory

What a big trophy it is!

15. What a big trophy it is

How tired they must be!

14. How tired they must be

5

Give her a bottle of water.

13. Give her a bottle of water

I am so happy that you won!

12. I am so happy that you won

How nervous I am about the race!

11. How nervous I am about the race

Help me find my running shoes.

10. Help me find my running shoes

Rewrite the sentences. Add the correct end marks.

imperative

imperative

exclamatory

9. Take a nap when you get home.

8. Follow me to the car.

7. We had so much fun today!

6. What an amazing event this is!

imperative

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Lesson 2

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

imperative

exclamatory

exclamatory

5. Take your positions for the race.

4. You must be very proud!

3. I cannot believe how fast she runs!

2. Run around the track four times to warm up.

1. Meet at the track at seven o’clock.

imperative

Label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Sometimes we just sit and talk.; declarative

10. sometimes we just sit and talk

Do you want to play outside?; interrogative

9. do you want to play outside

Sometimes we play games.; declarative

8. sometimes we play games

My friends and I like to spend time together.; declarative

7. my friends and I like to spend time together

What is your favorite thing to do?; interrogative

6. what is your favorite thing to do

Rewrite each sentence correctly. Then label it as declarative or interrogative.

What time is the party?

5. time is what the party?

Will you give her a present?

4. will a present her you give?

Her birthday party will be fun.

3. birthday party her will be fun.

Did you meet the friend at camp?

2. meet did you the friend at camp?

I made a new friend.

1. a new friend I made.

Rewrite these sentences correctly. Put the words in an order that makes sense.

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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Lesson 2

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

6

15. Take a walk to stretch your legs at intermission.

14. Wow, she is so strong!

13. Hey, that’s a great! costume

12. Listen to the music so you will know when to start.

11. Wow, she jumps so high and turns so fast!

10. How wonderful this dance recital is!

9. Stand still until it is your turn to dance.

8. Ouch, you stepped on my foot!

7. Smile at the audience when the curtain goes up.

6. Take your places on the stage quietly.

Sentence 4

C

Sentence 3 Sentence 5

B C

Sentence 3 Sentence 4

B C

D Sentence 6

Sentence 2

A

3. In which of these sentences is the punctuation NOT correct?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 2

A

2. Which sentence is an imperative sentence?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

B

A

1. Which sentence should have an exclamation point?

7

Lesson 2

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

Sentence 5

Sentence 4

Sentence 1

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which of these sentences is an exclamatory sentence?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

5. Which of these sentences is neither imperative nor exclamatory?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which of these sentences has an interjection?

(1) The soccer player is running down the ﬁeld. (2) How very happy he looks. (3) Hey, he kicked that ball so far! (4) He has scored the winning goal for his team. (5) Listen to his coach praise him. (6) Wow, what a wonderful day!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Draw one line under each imperative sentence. Draw two lines under each exclamatory sentence. Circle the interjections.

Always listen to good advice.; imperative

5. Always listen to good advice

Hey, your audition was amazing!; exclamatory

4. Hey your audition was amazing

Work hard in order to succeed.; imperative

3. Work hard in order to succeed

Don’t give up on your dreams.; imperative

2. Don’t give up on your dreams

I was so worried about trying out for the school play!; exclamatory

1. I was so worried about trying out for the school play

Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation. Then label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Name

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

7

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Lesson 2

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences; Interjections

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10.

9.

8

mother

20. This day will end soon.

behind the hill

9

will end soon

Lesson 3

Subjects and Predicates

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

with excitement wants to go home 19. The sun sets behind the hill. sets

18. No one wants to go home.

17. The children shout with excitement. shout

the park

makes a new friend 16. Everybody loves the park. loves

15. Darryl makes a new friend.

plays in the sand

climbs up the slide 14. My sister plays in the sand.

13. Paula climbs up the slide.

a ball

run past us

12. A dog chases a ball. chases

11. Some boys run past us.

Write the predicate of each sentence.

10. The sky has big white clouds.

The sky

The flowers

park

9. I pick daisies for my father. I

8. The flowers smell sweet.

7. The park is crowded. The

6. They cross the street at the corner. They

5. My mother holds my sister’s hand. My

4. Darryl rides his bike on the street. Darryl

3. We skip down the sidewalk together. We

2. Paula puts on her jacket. Paula

1.

Everyone goes to the park. Everyone

Write the subject of each sentence.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Write an exclamatory sentence with an interjection. Then write an imperative sentence. Accept reasonable responses.

Listen to the crowd yell. ; imperative

8. Listen to the crowd yell

Hey, that player can really jump! ; exclamatory

7. Hey that player can really jump

Tell us the score. ; imperative

6. Tell us the score

Wow, you are a good player! ; exclamatory

5. Wow you are a good player

Bring me the basketball. ; imperative

4. Bring me the basketball

How excited I am about the game! ; exclamatory

3. How excited I am about the game

Put your uniforms on. ; imperative

2. Put your uniforms on

Wait for me after school. ; imperative

1. Wait for me after school

Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation. Then label each sentence as imperative or exclamatory.

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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Sentence 4

C

Sentences 2 and 4

C D Sentences 4 and 5

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10

My grandmother is smart and strong.

15. My grandmother.

The sleepy girl went to bed.

14. went to bed.

The bright sun is high in the sky.

13. is high in the sky.

All my friends played cards together.

12. played cards together.

The brown dog ran to greet me.

11. The brown dog.

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

The music Saw

B C

D I

The marching band

A

3. Which is NOT a subject in the passage?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

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Add a subject or predicate as needed. Write the new sentence.

Possible responses are shown.

10. I am hungry again!

9. My grandmother brings out a cake.

11

waved ﬂag

B C

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D was loud and joyful

and joyful

was loud

B C

The music

A

6. Which is the predicate of Sentence 3?

D him

I

A

5. Which word is the subject of Sentence 6?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2

B

2. Which sentence is missing a subject?

Sentence 1

A

Sentences 1 and 5

B

predicate?

7. We eat dinner together.

8. Everyone is full.

Lesson 3

Grammar–Writing Connection

4. Which sentence is missing a

Sentences 1 and 2

1. Which two sentences are fragments?

(1) Today was the big parade. (2) The marching band moved quickly down the street. (3) The music was loud and joyful. (4) Saw someone on the sidewalk. (5) My friend. (6) I waved my ﬂag at him.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

A

Lesson 3

Subjects and Predicates

6. He puts flowers in a vase.

5. I set the table.

4. My grandfather makes wonderful soup.

3. I help pull carrots.

2. Their house has a garden.

1. I visit my grandparents.

Draw one line under the subject. Draw two lines under the predicate.

Name

9

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4. A nearby city is Oakland. 5. The average winter temperature is 55°F. 6. The biggest park is Golden Gate Park. 7. One neighborhood is called Chinatown.

4. We decide to make ice cream.

5. I find a recipe in a cookbook.

6. My parents help.

7. The ice cream is cold and delicious.

My mother and father

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_012.indd 12

16.

15.

delicious.

12

All the people ate corn on the cob.

14. The food was

My friend Sheila

13.

13

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Grammar Practice Book

Accept reasonable responses. dived into the water

descriptive words in each subject.

Write three different sentences that use the complete predicate below. Include

15. A girl did cartwheels across the lawn.

14. A boy walked over one of the stone bridges.

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Grammar Practice Book

had a great time.

danced fast.

13. A woman held a yellow kite.

12. The old man waved to his wife.

Many bands

12.

played music.

11. Three dogs ran up the big hill in the park.

11.

10. It has a lake with an island.

9. The park survived the earthquake of 1906.

8. Golden Gate Park has several landmarks.

Possible responses are shown. The street party was on Saturday.

Add a subject or a predicate to complete each sentence.

10. The day feels much cooler.

9. My family is happy.

Lesson 4

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

Draw a line under the complete predicate. Circle the simple predicate.

3. The ocean view is magnificent.

3. No one wants to move.

8. Everyone eats a big portion.

2. A big earthquake rocked the city in 1906.

2. Everybody sits on the front steps.

Draw a line under the complete subject. Circle the simple subject.

Name

1. San Francisco is a city in California.

Lesson 3

Subjects and Predicates

1. The summer is long and hot.

Underline each subject once. Underline each predicate twice.

Name

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Several birds

The eager boy

The tall man

A large crowd

The old boat

A young man

The courageous boy

The hungry child

The excited friends

The tired men

flew over the water.

jumped up and down.

waved happily.

stood on the pier.

finally left the island.

felt worried.

wanted to see his father.

ate his lunch.

learned to play a new game.

waited patiently for hours.

Lesson 4

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

stood just outside the fence.

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_014.indd 14

14

packed his belongings.

© Harcourt • Grade 4

18. The excited child

walked into the room.

us

C

more in

B C

told us a lot

C

D told us a lot about the art

about the art

told us B

A

3. Which is the complete predicate of Sentence 3?

D its

has

A

2. Which is the simple predicate of Sentence 2?

D art

guide

museum

B

A

1. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 3?

15

Lesson 4

Grammar–Writing Connection

San Francisco

Asian Art Museum

My whole family

were

carvings

tiny carvings

saw

bronze

baskets

D We

C

B

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which word is NOT part of the complete predicate of Sentence 4?

D favorite

C

B

A

5. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 5?

D yesterday

C

B

A

4. Which is the complete subject of Sentence 1?

(1) My whole family went to the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco yesterday. (2) This amazing museum has more than 14,000 objects in its collection. (3) A helpful museum guide told us a lot about the art. (4) We saw bronze statues, ceramics, puppets, and baskets. (5) The tiny carvings were my favorite things.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

shone through the windows.

at the desk.

16. The bright light of morning

17. A happy man

terrible.

filled with people very quickly.

15. The new teacher sat

14. The huge room

13. A beautiful plum tree

12. The cold porridge tasted

11.

Possible responses are shown The ocean waves rocked the boat back and forth.

Add a complete predicate to each subject. Then circle the simple predicate.

10.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

Add a complete subject to each predicate. Then circle the simple subject. Possible responses are shown.

Name

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Lesson 4

Complete and Simple Subjects and Predicates

The cool wind blew the leaves in the trees.

A small insect jumped onto the branch.

Several friends ran down the hill together.

Three big rocks were fun to climb.

2.

3.

4.

5.

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_016.indd 16

16

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

Sentence 4

C

D Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

B C

Sentence 1

A

3. Which sentence should have an exclamation point?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

B

A

2. Which sentence is an imperative sentence?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

1. Which sentence is an interrogative sentence?

17

Lesson 5

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence is a declarative sentence?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

5. Which of these sentences is correct as it is?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

4. Which is not a complete sentence?

(1) The band has just stopped playing. (2) Do you see the lead singer smiling? (3) How happy she looks. (4) Look at the guitar player waving to the crowd. (5) He told me that they are playing another concert tomorrow? (6) Wow, so great!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

became very quiet.

played traditional Chinese harps.

bowed to their fans.

The audience clapped wildly.

The noisy crowd

Skilled performers

10. The grateful musicians

9.

8.

7.

6.

My family Possible responses are shown. went to a concert in the park.

Add a complete subject or a complete predicate to complete each sentence.

The excited girl shouted to her friend.

blew the leaves in the trees. ran down the hill together. were fun to climb. shouted to her friend. jumped onto the branch.

Sentence order may vary.

1.

The excited girl The cool wind A small insect Several friends Three big rocks

subject and two lines under each simple predicate.

Match the subjects and predicates in the box to write sentences. Then draw one line under each simple

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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18

line

C

D stage

My favorite playwright

is Lorraine Hansberry

B

C

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

D Lorraine Hansberry

playwright

A

playwright

C

Lesson 6

Compound Subjects and Predicates

19

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Grammar Practice Book

Petra watched the game and took pictures.

10. Petra watched the game. Petra took pictures.

The teachers and the schoolchildren clap.

9. The teachers clap. The schoolchildren clap.

Jamie and his brother run around the track.

8. Jamie runs around the track. His brother runs around the track.

The swim team laughs and cheers.

7. The swim team laughs. The swim team cheers.

Leah kicks and passes the ball.

6. Leah kicks the ball. Leah passes the ball.

Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence with a compound subject or a compound predicate. Draw one line under each compound subject. Draw two lines under each compound predicate.

compound subject

5. Dora and Carlos helped their parents.

compound predicate

4. My mother made the shelves and framed the painting.

compound predicate

3. Ms. Lopez finished baking and cleaned the kitchen.

compound subject

2. Tyler and Amir raked leaves together.

compound predicate

1. The two girls cleared the table and washed the dishes.

Label each sentence compound subject or compound predicate.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

greatest

B D My

dream

A

6. Which word is NOT part of the complete subject of Sentence 1?

D poem

is

B

stories

C

3. Which is the complete subject of Sentence 3?

title

A

writes

B

5. Which is the simple subject of Sentence 5?

playwright

the Sun

A

2. Which is the simple predicate of Sentence 2?

a play called A Raisin in the Sun

C

D Sentence 6 D wrote a play called A Raisin in

She wrote a play

B

Sentence 5

C

She wrote

Sentence 3

B

Sentence 4?

4. Which is the complete predicate of

Lesson 5

Grammar–Writing Connection

A

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence is missing a subject?

(1) My greatest dream is to become a playwright. (2) A playwright writes stories for the stage. (3) My favorite playwright is Lorraine Hansberry. (4) She wrote a play called A Raisin in the Sun. (5) The title is from a line in a poem. (6) Hope to write a play as good as that some day!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Lesson 6

Compound Subjects and Predicates

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20

Lesson 6

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 3 Sentence 4

B C

Sentence 4 D Sentence 4

sister and cousin older and tools

B C

D toys and cousin

older and sister

A

3. Which are the simple subjects of Sentence 3?

Sentence 3 C

Sentence 3

Sentence 2 Sentence 3

B C

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

6. Which sentence has both a compound subject and a compound predicate?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2 B

Sentence 2 C

A

Sentence 1

5. Which of these sentences has neither a compound subject nor a compound predicate?

B

21

gardening and sorted

organized and gardening

organized and sorted

D sorted and through

C

B

A

4. Which are the simple predicates of Sentence 3?

A

2. Which sentence is missing a comma?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

1. Which of these sentences does NOT have a compound subject?

(1) My sister, my cousin and I cleaned our grandparents’ basement. (2) I recycled old newspapers and threw out trash. (3) My older sister and my cousin organized the gardening tools and sorted through old toys. (4) We worked hard all day. (5) Then my grandparents, my sister, my cousin, and I celebrated a job well done.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Fiona walked by the creek, collected blackberries, and ate them.

10. Fiona walked by the creek. Fiona collected blackberries. Fiona ate them.

You can put the wood by the tent or leave it near the tree.

9. You can put the wood by the tent. You can leave it near the tree.

The park rangers searched the woods and looked for fallen trees.

8. The park rangers searched the woods. The park rangers looked for fallen trees.

Anna put up the tent, collected sticks, and made a campfire.

7. Ana put up the tent. Ana collected sticks. Ana made a campfire.

We went to the store and bought supplies for the camping trip.

6. We went to the store. We bought supplies for the camping trip.

Rewrite each group of sentences as one sentence with a compound predicate. Use and or or. Use commas as needed.

The children and their parents sweep the attic.

5. The children sweep the attic. Their parents sweep the attic.

Paolo, his uncle, and his cousin clean the garage today.

4. Paolo cleans the garage today. His uncle cleans the garage today. His cousin cleans the garage today.

Chan or her grandfather takes out the trash.

3. Chan takes out the trash. Sometimes her grandfather takes out the trash.

Dean and his mother bake bread on Saturday.

2. Dean bakes bread on Saturday. His mother bakes bread on Saturday.

Beatrice, her brother, and her sister paint the fence.

1. Beatrice paints the fence. Her brother paints the fence. Her sister paints the fence.

Rewrite each group of sentences as one sentence with a compound subject. Use and or or. Use commas as needed.

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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Possible responses are shown.

Lesson 6

Compound Subjects and Predicates

subject)

subject)

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

(compound predicate)

started growing. (compound

22

compound

simple

simple simple simple

23

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Grammar Practice Book

We catch several fish, but we let them go.

15. We catch several fish. We let them go. (but)

Shauna and I go camping, and I show her how to fish.

14. Shauna and I go camping. I show her how to fish. (and)

I swim in the lake, or I fish at the river.

13. I swim in the lake. I fish at the river. (or)

She says she won a riding trophy, but I have never seen it.

12. She says she won a riding trophy. I have never seen it. (but)

Shauna likes horses, and she rides them every summer.

11. Shauna likes horses. She rides them every summer. (and)

Rewrite each pair of sentences as a compound sentence, using the conjunction in parentheses ( ).

10. The flowers look pretty in the center of the table.

9. The syrup is in the brown jug.

compound

compound

compound

simple

8. Sometimes we have pancakes, but today we have waffles.

7. My favorite meal is breakfast.

6. I pour the orange juice, and Jeremy serves it.

5. The eggs and sausages are on the stove.

Lesson 7

Simple and Compound Sentences

compound

4. I thought breakfast was ready, but the bacon is still cooking.

3. Mother goes to the store, and Jeremy goes with her.

2. I set the table, or I make the toast.

1. Jeremy washes and dries the dishes.

Label each sentence simple or compound.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

pulled up weeds and planted flowers .

The lettuce, carrots, and beans

12. My father and my brother

11.

. (compound predicate)

picked up rocks. (compound

ran and barked in the garden

Zoe, Mike, and Frida

planned and designed a garden . (compound predicate)

10. My dog

9.

8. Jonah

Complete each sentence. Add a compound subject or a compound predicate as shown in parentheses ( ). Remember to add commas as needed.

7. The performers sing or dance.

6. We fit the costumes and pin up the hems.

5. Rhea or Kyle can help you find your costume.

4. Quinton, Jules, and Simon are the lead singers.

3. The musicians and their friends build the stage.

2. Juan and Reid help people find their seats.

1. Maria collects the tickets and tears them in half.

Each sentence has a compound subject or a compound predicate. Circle the compound subject or the compound predicate.

Name

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Possible responses are shown.

Lesson 7

Simple and Compound Sentences

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24

Lesson 7

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2 Sentence 3

B C

conjunction but

a comma and the

Sentence 3 Sentence 5

B C

D Sentence 6

Sentence 1

A

3. Which of these sentences is a comma splice?

D Make no change.

C

add the conjunction but

add the conjunction or

take out the comma

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D add a comma

C

B

A

6. How can you correct Sentence 3?

Sentence 5 D Sentence 6

conjunction and

Sentence 4 C

a comma and the

Sentence 1 B

B

A

5. Which is a compound sentence that is written correctly? a comma

25

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

4. Which of these sentences needs a comma and the conjunction or?

A

2. To rewrite sentences 4 and 5 as a compound sentence, which do you need to add between the words paper and do?

D Sentence 4

Sentence 1

A

1. Which of these sentences is a run-on sentence?

(1) A campﬁre is nice, and it keeps you warm on chilly nights. (2) Make the campﬁre small sit close to it for warmth. (3) You can use branches you ﬁnd on the ground, you should not take branches from a tree. (4) You can burn paper. (5) Do not burn plastic. (6) To put out the ﬁre, you can pour water over it you can dig it up and turn it over.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

I eat all of my dinner, and I eat some dessert.

10. I eat all of my dinner. I eat some dessert.

My grandmother is a good cook, but she does not like washing and drying the dishes.

9. My grandmother is a good cook. She does not like washing and drying the dishes.

We can have chicken and salad, or we can have pork chops and green beans.

8. We can have chicken and salad. We can have pork chops and green beans.

My aunt and uncle cook dinner, and we all eat together.

7. My aunt and uncle cook dinner. We all eat together.

I make my bed, and I wash and fold my clothes.

6. I make my bed. I wash and fold my clothes.

Write each pair of sentences as a compound sentence, using or, and, or but.

run-on sentence; We feed the hens, but we do not feed the horses.

5. We feed the hens we do not feed the horses.

comma splice; I water the plants, and she washes the windows.

4. I water the plants, she washes the windows.

comma splice; We can go to see the cattle, or we can explore the barn.

3. We can go to see the cattle, we can explore the barn.

run-on sentence; I help him with some of the chores, and he thanks me.

2. I help him with some of the chores he thanks me.

comma splice; The ranch is large, but I walk all the way around it.

1. The ranch is large, I walk all the way around it.

sentence.

Identify each word group as a comma splice or run-on sentence. Then rewrite each one correctly as a compound

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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Lesson 7

Simple and Compound Sentences

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

26

12. The moon and the stars will be out soon.

11. The sun sets, but it is not cold.

10. The horses eat hay, or they eat grain.

9. The boy waters and feeds the horses.

Lesson 8

Prepositional Phrases

Accept reasonable responses.

27

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

prepositional phrase each time. How many different sentences can you make?

Rewrite this sentence several times: We searched the Internet. Add a different

about, work

12. The students feel good about their work.

for, information

11. Mia searches for information.

behind, monitor

10. The power switch is behind the monitor.

near, school

9. They visit a library near their school.

from, websites

8. Mia suggests getting information from websites.

on, report

7. Hugo and Mia work together on a report.

Circle each prepositional phrase. Write each preposition and its object.

6. Read the instructions on the chalkboard.

5. You can share a computer with a classmate.

4. There are several workstations in the room.

3. After the break, there will be a demonstration.

2. Today’s lesson is across the hall.

1. This center teaches computer skills to students.

Underline the prepositional phrase. Circle the object of the preposition.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

compound subject

compound sentence

compound sentence

compound predicate

compound sentence

compound predicate

8. The man cleans up, but the boy sits quietly.

7. They smile and laugh together.

compound sentence

compound subject

6. The boy collects wood, and the man builds a fire.

5. A man and a boy are cooking together.

Tell whether each sentence has a compound subject, has a compound predicate, or is a compound sentence. Then circle each conjunction.

Lela walks home slowly, and she sits on the porch.

4. Lela walks home slowly and she sits on the porch.

Lela tries to catch a small fish, but the fish gets away.

3. Lela tries to catch a small fish but the fish gets away.

She can wade in the water, or she can lie on the grass.

2. She can wade in the water or she can lie on the grass.

Lela runs across the grass, but she stops at the creek.

1. Lela runs across the grass but she stops at the creek.

Rewrite the sentences, adding commas as needed.

Name

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above in

about for

with after our

into through

Lesson 8

Prepositional Phrases

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_028.indd 28

28

Lesson 8

Grammar–Writing Connection

collect from

B C

pitchfork hay

B C

D farm

on a farm

lives on

B C

My family

A

3. Which is the prepositional phrase in Sentence 1?

D hayloft

I

A

2. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 5?

D There is no preposition.

Sometimes

A

1. Which is the preposition in Sentence 3?

29

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

the

place

I

their

hay

fresh

D stalls

C

B

A

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

6. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 6?

D in

C

B

A

5. Which is the preposition in Sentence 6?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which sentence has two prepositional phrases?

(1) My family lives on a farm. (2) Before we eat breakfast, we do many chores. (3) Sometimes I collect eggs from the chickens. (4) On other days, I help care for the horses. (5) I use a pitchfork and get hay from the hayloft. (6) I place the fresh hay in their stalls.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Possible responses Complete each sentence with a prepositional phrase. are shown. in the library 10. We are using the computers . beside my friend 11. I am sitting . behind the desk 12. The librarian is . across the room 13. I see my teacher .

Yesterday, my sister and I went shopping (1) with our grandmother. Early (2) in the morning, we left the house. We drove (3) to the electronics store. My grandmother led us (4) through the store. (5) After a while, we found the computer section. There were sale signs (6) above our heads. My grandmother asked questions (7) about each computer. My sister and I practiced typing (8) on the keyboards. My grandmother bought a new computer (9) for our home!

grandmother. Early (2) the morning, we left the house. We drove (3) the electronics store. My grandmother led us (4) the store. (5) a while, we found the computer section. There were sale signs (6) our heads. My grandmother asked questions (7) each computer. My sister and I practiced typing (8) the keyboards. My grandmother bought a new computer (9) our home!

to on

Possible responses are shown.

Yesterday, my sister and I went shopping (1)

only once.

Rewrite the paragraph. Choose prepositions from the box to complete each sentence. Use each preposition

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4

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3. Other programs create art with drawing tools.

through e-mail

on computers

for learning

of information

on

of

a printer.

a disk.

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30

You can also save data on a disk.

12. You can also save data

You can print files with a printer.

11. You can print files

dependent clause

dependent clause

under the dependent clause.

31

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Grammar Practice Book

Accept reasonable responses.

one dependent clause. Draw one line under the independent clause. Draw two lines

Write a sentence about making baskets that contains one independent clause and

15. Before the students left, they showed their baskets.

14. When the class was over, the students thanked the teacher.

13. Each person helped clean up, since this was the last class of the day.

12. Because there were only ten sets of materials, two students shared.

11. While the students practiced, the instructor walked around the room answering questions.

10. The instructor was pleased because the students worked quietly.

9. After the instructor gave the directions, all of the students began weaving.

Find the independent and dependent clauses in these sentences. Draw one line under each independent clause. Draw two lines under each dependent clause.

dependent clause

independent clause

8. When her grandson learned to weave

7. We drove in a car to find them

dependent clause

independent clause

6. Since the birch trees were far away

Lesson 9

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

independent clause

dependent clause

5. When she finished her bundle of plants

4. My mother started to work

3. Because my aunts liked willow plants

2. Before he collected the plants

1. My father used birch for basket frames

Tell whether each group of words forms an independent clause or a dependent clause.

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Grammar Practice Book

It is best to save extra copies of your work.

your work.

After a power failure, you may lose computer files.

a power failure, you may lose computer files.

with

10. It is best to save extra copies

9.

after

Rewrite each sentence, using a preposition from the box to complete it. Use each word only once.

8. Computers are a good source of information.

into a school

in office work

with drawing tools

7. If you walk into a school, you will see many computers.

6. We use computers for learning.

5. Friends send photographs through e-mail.

4. Many people play games on computers.

Lesson 8

Prepositional Phrases

of computer systems

2. Some computer programs are used in office work.

1. There are many kinds of computer systems.

Write each prepositional phrase. Underline the preposition and circle its object.

Name

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2. Rita would show you her baskets, but she is too tired.

compound

because before after since

Possible responses are shown.

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_032.indd 32

32

Lesson 9

Grammar–Writing Connection

3. Which is NOT a complex sentence? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 3 D Sentence 4

2. Where should there be a comma in Sentence 4? A after the word since B after the word nice C after the word girls D after the word picnic

33

1. Which is an independent clause? A When Sonia wakes up in the morning (Sentence 1) B Although she could listen to the radio (Sentence 2) C she likes to check the weather by looking outside (Sentence 2) D Since the weather is nice (Sentence 4)

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which has a dependent clause that needs a comma? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 3 D Sentence 5

5. Which is a dependent clause? A the ﬁrst thing she does is go to her window (Sentence 1) B Sonia wakes her sisters (Sentence 3) C she prepares a picnic lunch (Sentence 3) D Since the weather is nice (Sentence 4)

4. Which is a simple sentence? A Sentence 1 B Sentence 2 C Sentence 4 D Sentence 5

(1) When Sonia wakes up in the morning, the ﬁrst thing she does is go to her window. (2) Although she could listen to the radio she likes to check the weather by looking outside. (3) Sonia wakes her sisters, and she prepares a picnic lunch. (4) Since the weather is nice the girls will collect plants for weaving. (5) The basket festival is next month!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Before Robert and Ms. Tamez begin weaving, they eat dinner.

12. Robert and Ms. Tamez begin weaving. They eat dinner.

After they find the plants they want, they walk home.

When Robert collects branches, Ms. Tamez looks for branches, too. 11. They found the plants they want. They walk home.

Ms. Tamez goes to the mountains often, because they are near her home. 10. Robert collects branches. Ms. Tamez looks for branches, too.

9. Ms. Tamez goes to the mountains often. They are near her home.

although if when

Combine the pairs of sentences to make complex sentences. Use commas when they are needed. The connecting words in the box may help you.

complex

8. I am happy that Paolo likes this basket, since it is my favorite.

7. Eva made this basket, and I think it is so pretty.

simple

6. My friend and I asked for help in finding the right type of plants.

5.

4.

3.

Lesson 9

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

compound complex Before this year’s festival, I will make many baskets. complex After we finish this one, let’s stop for the day. complex There are so many types of baskets that I would like to make.

1. My favorite material for weaving is pine.

simple

Label each sentence simple, compound, or complex.

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After she learned what plants to use,

showed her how to weave. (dependent)

When Maya finished collecting plants,

weaving materials in the mountains. (dependent) her mother

Maya collected

. (independent)

I prepare them carefully.

. (independent)

they are also used for

Lesson 9

Clauses and Phrases; Complex Sentences

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34

Lesson 10

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 4

C

family and cooks cooks and eats

B C

Sentence 4

C

D Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2 B

A

3. Which of these sentences is a simple sentence?

D eats and dinner

My and family

A

2. Which are the simple predicates of Sentence 1?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

B

A

1. Which sentence is a run-on sentence?

35

compound subject

simple sentence

compound sentence

menus

Saturday

groceries

D We

C

B

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which is the subject of both parts of Sentence 2?

D compound predicate

C

B

A

5. Which describes Sentence 5?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

B C

Sentence 1

A

is a compound sentence?

4. Which sentence has a compound subject AND

(1) My family cooks and eats dinner together. (2) We plan the week’s menus on Saturday we go shopping for groceries on Sunday. (3) We make many diﬀerent dishes. (4) My father and my sister like to make pizza, but my mother and I like spaghetti best. (5) I think making dinner is fun, but it is not as much fun as eating it!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Marian cuts many reeds, since she will make baskets for the festival. 9. Tonya finds a book about weaving. She tries to make a basket. Tonya finds a book about weaving before she tries to make a basket. 10. The weavers sit down. They are ready to begin weaving. The weavers sit down when they are ready to begin weaving.

8. Marian cuts many reeds. She will make baskets for the festival.

After my mother collects pine needles, she soaks them in water.

7. My mother collects pine needles. She soaks them in water.

When my school days end at 3:30 P.M., I help my family weave baskets. 6. Artie wants to learn to weave. He can take free classes. If Artie wants to learn to weave, he can take free classes.

5. My school days end at 3:30 P.M. I help my family weave baskets.

Possible responses are shown.

Make complex sentences from the sentence pairs. Underline the independent clause once and the dependent clause twice. The first one is done for you.

4.

3.

2. Before I use any materials for weaving,

decoration.

1. Although baskets are mostly used to hold things,

Possible responses are shown.

Rewrite each sentence. Add the type of clause shown in parentheses. Remember to add commas as needed.

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Lesson 10

Grammar–Writing Connection

Before we could leave

I learned to love sailing!

B

C

suggested

a

B

C

boat

sailed

B

C

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_036.indd 36

D waters

we

A

3. Which is the object of the preposition in Sentence 5?

D across

she

A

2. Which is the preposition in Sentence 2?

D Because it was a great trip

Although I was nervous

A

1. Which of these is NOT a dependent clause?

36

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

Sentence 5

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

Lesson 11

Common and Proper Nouns

37

On Friday we write reports.

15. On Friday we write reports.

Marie asks a question.

14. Marie asks a question.

She talks about pandas and gorillas.

13. She talks about pandas and gorillas.

Our teacher is Mrs. Abrams.

12. Our teacher is Mrs. Abrams.

We learn about many different animals.

11. We learn about many different animials.

My class celebrates Earth Day.

10. My class celebrates Earth Day.

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Grammar Practice Book

Rewrite each sentence. Underline the common nouns. Circle the proper nouns.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1. The insect rests on the branch.

common proper Thea takes a walk in the woods. The tree is very tall. common My mother is in the garden. common proper Grandpa picks flowers. The children see butterflies in the field. common The worm crawls along the ground. common proper Darron searches for frogs by the creek. proper There is a picnic by the lake on Labor Day.

Write common or proper to identify each underlined noun.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has a dependent clause that is missing a comma?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

5. Which of these sentences is NOT a complex sentence?

D Sentence 4

C

B

A

4. Which sentence has two prepositional phrases?

(1) Aunt Millie stood on the dock by her sail boat. (2) She suggested a trip across the lake. (3) Although I was nervous I agreed. (4) Before we could leave, we had to get everything ready. (5) After we prepared the boat, we sailed into the deep waters. (6) Because it was a great trip, I learned to love sailing!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

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Feb. Thurs. Ave. oz. Aug. mi. St.

Lesson 11

Common and Proper Nouns

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Mistress Pilmar

15. Mrs. Pilmar

Tuesday

14. Tues.

October 23

13. Oct. 23

Mister McDonald

12. Mr. McDonald

20 centimeters

11. 20 cm

Mount Mitchell

10. Mt. Mitchell

Henderson Road

9. Henderson Rd.

Doctor Vilar

8. Dr. Vilar

38

Lesson 11

Grammar–Writing Connection

butterﬂies

C

US.

C

D Texas

lives

Jeremiah

B C

friend

A

3. Which word is a common noun in Sentence 3?

D U.S.

US

Un.St.

B

A

39

2. Which is the correct abbreviation for United States in Sentence 2?

D mexico

many

winter

B

A

1. Which word in Sentence 1 should be capitalized?

United

Butterﬂies

Millions

Sept.

Spt.

Sep.

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

butterﬂies

jeremiah

counted

D hour

C

B

A

6. Which word in Sentence 5 should be capitalized?

D Septem.

C

B

A

5. Which is the correct abbreviation for the word September in Sentence 5?

D States

C

B

A

NOT be capitalized?

4. Which word in Sentence 2 should

(1) In the winter many butterﬂies migrate to mexico. (2) Millions of Butterﬂies ﬂy across the United States. (3) My friend Jeremiah lives in Texas. (4) He counts the monarchs he sees migrating. (5) On September 12, jeremiah counts more than 100 butterﬂies in one hour!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Rewrite the words below. Replace each abbreviation with the full word.

7. Street

6. miles

5. August

4. ounces

3. Avenue

2. Thursday

1. February

Write the abbreviation for each of the following words.

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teacher , we wrote reports.

about my field trip.

school

grandmother

was my favorite part.

.

.

, Ms. Rodondo, told us to get on the bus.

turtles

dolphins

whale

Bessie

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_040.indd 40

15. On

14.

Monday

Uncle Larry

40

.

.

Possible responses are shown.

“Home on the Range”

, barks at the birds.

like to collect rocks.

.

S; P

S; P

S

P; S S; P; P

P; P

P; S

Lesson 12

Singular and Plural Nouns

. (earthquake)

41

We enjoyed our geology classes.

12. We enjoyed our geology

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

. (class)

were buried under ash. (city)

The cities were buried under ash.

11. The

The damage was caused by earthquakes.

10. The damage was caused by

. (fossil)

erupt. (volcano)

They heard volcanoes erupt.

9. They heard

The scientists found fossils.

8. The scientists found

Rewrite each sentence. Complete each one with the plural form of the word in parentheses ( ).

7. The guide said that rocks are made of minerals.

6. The most valuable ones were displayed in cases.

5. There were rare gems at the museum.

4. The smallest stones were found by the stream.

3. My friend collected rocks.

2. The visitors came from around the world. P;

1. The trip to the mountains was fun.

Draw a line under each noun. Write an S for each singular noun and a P for each plural noun.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

, I write about our visit to the park.

drives me home.

13. Around the campfire, we sing a song called

12. My dog,

11. Tara and

10. The park is closed on

Colorado River

is a park ranger.

New Year’s Day Donnie

Mrs. Leone

9. We go swimming in the

8.

Fill in each blank with a proper noun. Use abbreviations for titles of people.

7. I told my

6. When we got back to

5. Our

4. Learning about the

3. We also saw a film about

Lesson 11

Common and Proper Nouns

, we learned about ocean animals.

2. The tour guide showed us a model of a

1. At the

Possible Fill in each blank with a common noun. responses are shown. museum

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people men women lives shelves leaves moose fish geese deer

Lesson 12

Singular and Plural Nouns

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42

Lesson 12

Grammar–Writing Connection

cities cites

B C

parx parks

B C

childes

C

D childies

childs

children B

A

3. Which is the correct plural form of the underlined word in Sentence 3?

D park

parkes

A

2. Which is the correct plural form of the underlined word in Sentence 2?

D cityes

citys

A

1. Which is the correct plural form of the word city?

43

ﬁve

four

three

hide-and-seek

play

Sometimes

activity

activitie

activiti

D activitey

C

B

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which is the singular form of the plural noun activities in Sentence 6?

D tree

C

B

A

5. Which word in Sentence 5 should be a plural noun?

D six

C

B

A

4. How many plural nouns are in Sentence 4?

(1) I live in a big city. (2) When I want to play outdoors, I go to one of the park. (3) At the park, I can play with other child. (4) I can see ﬁsh in the ponds, berries on the bushes, and birds and butterﬂies in the air. (5) Sometimes I play hide-and-seek among the tree. (6) I can do activities at the park for fun.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

The campers had packed their knives for cooking.

15. The campers had packed their knife for cooking.

One tree had marks from a bear’s teeth.

14. One tree had marks from a bear’s tooth.

They saw mice run across the ground.

13. They saw mouse run across the ground.

The rocks were sharp under their feet.

12. The rocks were sharp under their foot.

The children and the guide hiked up the hill.

11. The child and the guide hiked up the hill.

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word with the plural form of the noun.

10. deer

9. goose

8. fish

7. moose

6. leaf

5. shelf

4. life

3. woman

2. man

1. person

Write the plural form of each noun.

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on the island? (pony)

on that hill. (bush)

ran through the forest. (fox)

Lesson 12

Singular and Plural Nouns

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_044.indd 44

44

(15) lambs. I enjoyed my visit very much.

tent is red and blue. (uncle)

camping trip is a great success. (family)

boots to the shed. (boys)

barks. (dogs)

camp is down the hill. (women)

concern is that the bridge is not safe. (park rangers)

45

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

The park rangers’ concern is that the bridge is not safe.

15. The

The women’s camp is down the hill.

14. The

Aunt Meg takes the boys’ boots to the shed.

13. Aunt Meg takes the

The boy heard the dogs’ barks.

12. The boy heard the

The family’s camping trip is a great success.

11. The

My uncle’s tent is red and blue.

10. My

Rewrite each sentence, using the possessive form of the noun in parentheses ( ).

firefighter’s hose

the girls’ dog

Lesson 13

Possessive Nouns

grandfather’s cabin

my sister’s backpack

9. the hose of the firefighter the

8. the dog of the girls

7. the backpack of my sister

6. the cabin belonging to my grandfather my

5.

the trees’ leaves the nest of the birds the birds’ nest

4. the leaves of the trees

aunt’s canoe

the campers’ water

3. the canoe belonging to my aunt my

2. the water of the campers

1.

the paddle of the boy the boy’s paddle

Rewrite each phrase, using a possessive noun.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

(13) animals. Another job is to shear the (14) sheep and the

me about some of the (12) jobs they do. One job is to feed the

interesting (11) stories about life on a farm. They also told

called (9) calves. The (10) owners of the farm told me many

of the cows had recently had (8) babies. Young cows are

first farm, I saw (5) pigs, (6) horses, and (7) cows. Some

Last week, I toured the (4) farms outside of town. At the

Last week, I toured the (4) farm outside of town. At the ﬁrst farm, I saw (5) pig, (6) horse, and (7) cow. Some of the cows had recently had (8) baby. Young cows are called (9) calf. The (10) owner of the farm told me many interesting (11) story about life on a farm. They also told me about some of the (12) job they do. One job is to feed the (13) animal. Another job is to shear the (14) sheep and the (15) lamb. I enjoyed my visit very much.

Rewrite the paragraph. Change the underlined singular nouns to plural nouns.

The foxes ran through the forest.

3. The

We saw blueberry bushes on that hill.

2. We saw blueberry

Did you see the wild ponies on the island?

1. Did you see the wild

Rewrite each sentence. Complete it with the plural form of the word in parentheses ( ).

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singular possessive

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_046.indd 46

20. table

19. glove

18. song

17. dish

wolves, wolf’s, wolves’ knives, knife’s, knives’

geese, goose’s, geese’s

calves, calf’s, calves’

moose, moose’s, moose’s

46

Lesson 13

Grammar–Writing Connection

owners baskets

B C

D plural possessive

plural

singular possessive

B C

singular

A

3. Which form of the word apple is NOT in the passage?

47

Sentence 3

plural noun

singular possessive noun

singular noun

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D plural possessive noun

C

B

A

6. Which describes the word baskets in Sentence 6?

D Sentence 4

Sentence 2 C

Sentence 1

D Sentence 5

A

5. Which sentence contains a possessive noun that should be written as a plural noun? B

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

plural noun

singular possessive noun

singular noun

D plural possessive noun

C

B

A

ladders’ in Sentence 5?

4. Which describes the word

Sentence 4

C

B

A

2. In which sentence is the word tree written as a plural possessive noun?

D rows

orchard’s

A

1. Which word in Sentence 2 is a singular possessive noun?

(1) Last summer, my friend’s and I went to an orchard to pick apples. (2) The orchard’s owners gave us baskets and showed us the rows of apple trees. (3) The apples’ scent was sweet. (4) On each tree’s trunk there was a ladder. (5) My friends and I climbed up the ladders’ rungs until we were hidden in the trees’ leaves. (6) We picked apples until our baskets were full.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

tables, table’s, tables’

gloves, glove’s, gloves’

dishes, dish’s, dishes’ songs, song’s, songs’

communities, community’s, communities’

© Harcourt • Grade 4

16. community

15. knife

14. wolf

13. goose

12. calf

11. moose

Write the plural, singular possessive, and plural possessive form of each noun.

10. A firefighter’s tools for fighting fires include hoses.

possessive

plural

singular possessive

plural

9. Firefighters watch the forest from tall lookout towers.

8. A tree’s leaves can burn, too.

7. Dry grasses catch fire quickly.

6. When the fire is out, pour water over the ashes. plural

5. Sometimes fires’ flames do not go out immediately. plural

possessive

possessive

3. It is visitors’ responsibility to prevent forest fires. plural

4. Matches are used to light a campfire. plural

Lesson 13

Possessive Nouns

singular possessive

2. The booth’s sign asks visitors to be careful. singular

1. At the park’s entrance, there is an information booth.

Identify each underlined noun as plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive.

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Lesson 13

Possessive Nouns

possessive

favorite acitivity is to hike the trails near the school.

signs to follow. (trail)

wish is to become a park ranger. (life)

location. (campsite)

handrail as I cross the river. (bridge)

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48

Lesson 14

Pronouns and Antecedents

49

sentences, replacing the pronouns with nouns.

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Grammar Practice Book

Accept reasonable responses.

Write two sentences using pronouns. Trade sentences with a friend, and rewrite his or her

When the boy saw the horse, he was happy.

12. When the boy saw the horse, the boy was happy.

The vet asked the owners if they had any questions.

11. The vet asked the owners if the owners had any questions.

William asked Janine if she would rake the lawn.

10. William asked Janine if Janine would rake the lawn.

The jar of peaches fell, but it did not break.

9. The jar of peaches fell, but the jar of peaches did not break.

The cat picked up the kittens and carried them.

8. The cat picked up the kittens and carried the kittens.

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with pronouns.

7. Ms. Daniels has boots, but they are too small.

6. Mr. Smith picked up the tools and put them in the shed.

5. The horses saw the hay and began eating it.

4. When the trees grew tall, they shaded the house.

3. The man knew he had to buy more seeds.

2. Beth led the cow into her stall.

1. The farmer was happy when she got home.

Underline the pronouns. Circle each pronoun’s antecedent.

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Grammar Practice Book

I hold onto the bridge’s handrail as I cross the river.

12. I hold onto the

Using the map, we can find the campsite’s location.

11. Using the map, we can find the

Her life’s wish is to become a park ranger.

10. Her

Adina knows which of the trail’s signs to follow.

9. Adina knows which of the

The students’ favorite acitivity is to hike the trails near the school.

(students)

8. The

Rewrite each sentence, using the possessive form of the noun in parentheses ( ).

7. They fastened their lifejackets’ straps tightly. plural

6. The rushing sounds of running water got louder. plural

5. The instructor told them to grab the paddle’s handle. singular

plural possessive

plural possessive

possessive

singular possessive

4. There were two seats in the large kayak.

3. The kayak’s paddle was missing.

2. I put the children’s names on their backpacks.

1. The boys’ trip down the river was exciting. plural

Identify each underlined noun as plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive.

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Lesson 14

Pronouns and Antecedents

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

50

(18) we had a snowball fight in June?

Lesson 14

Grammar–Writing Connection

I friends

B C

I Lydia and Gene

B C

I it

B C

D them

They

A

51

3. Which pronoun is used incorrectly in the passage?

D Texas

spring

A

2. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun they in Sentence 2?

D Gene

Last

A

1. Which word in Sentence 1 is a pronoun?

We

She

They

water

there

I

You

We

They

D Them

C

B

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 5?

D rocks

C

B

A

5. Which word is the antecedent for the pronoun it in Sentence 4?

D Us

C

B

A

4. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 3?

(1) Last spring, I met my friends Lydia and Gene. (2) They moved here from Texas. (3) Lydia, Gene, and I met at the creek by the school. (4) I liked to go there to listen to the water as it ran over the rocks. (5) Lydia and Gene liked to hear them, too. (6) Soon we were playing together every day!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

started throwing snowballs, too. Can (17) you believe that

threw (14) them at Dionne. (15) She laughed, and (16) she

warm, there was snow on (13) them. I made snowballs and

(12) They were so beautiful! Although the temperature was

had a good time, too. (11) We went to the Rocky Mountains.

(9) It was fantastic! I went with my sister, Dionne, and (10) she

Jason, I want to tell (8) you about my trip to the mountains.

Jason, I want to tell (8) Jason about my trip to the mountains. (9) The trip was fantastic! I went with my sister, Dionne, and (10) Dionne had a good time, too. (11) Dionne and I went to the Rocky Mountains. (12) The Rocky Mountains were so beautiful! Although the temperature was warm, there was snow on (13) the Rocky Mountains. I made snowballs and threw (14) the snowballs at Dionne. (15) Dionne laughed, and (16) Dionne started throwing snowballs, too. Can (17) Jason believe that (18) Dionne and I had a snowball ﬁght in June?

Rewrite the following paragraph, replacing the underlined word or words with a pronoun.

7. A calf was born last week. (They, It) weighed about 50 pounds.

6. Daniel was tired. (He, They) decided not to do his chores.

5. Tom and Gwen were happy. (She, They) had grown a prize pumpkin.

4. Please put the wheat in the barn. (It, He) will get wet.

3. Nancy and Pablo hugged the dog. (We, They) told the dog to be good.

2. Suddenly the rain began. People said that (it, he) would ruin the crops.

1. The farmers planted seeds. Then the birds ate (it, them).

Circle the correct pronoun in parentheses ( ).

Name

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waved to him.

Lesson 14

Pronouns and Antecedents

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52

them, Grandma and Grandpa

Lesson 15

Grammar–Writing Connection

Instructor Fourth

B C

childes

C

Mrs.

C

D Miss

Ms.

Mr. B

A

53

3. Which of these is the correct abbreviaton for the underlined word in Sentence 1?

D children

childies

childs

B

A

2. How should the underlined noun in Sentence 1 be written?

D July

Mistress

A

1. Which word in Sentence 1 should NOT be capitalized?

boat races

swimming races

diving competitions

four

three

two

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 4

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has no plural nouns?

D none

C

B

A

5. How many plural nouns are in Sentence 3?

D dogwood lake

C

B

A

4. Which words in Sentence 2 should be capitalized?

(1) Mistress Hernandez, the camp swimming Instructor, announced some special events for child this Fourth of July. (2) There will be diving competitions, swimming races, and boat races in dogwood lake. (3) There will be prizes for all the winners of the events. (4) In the evening, a band will perform.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

they, Grandma and Grandpa; They, Grandma and Grandpa;

10. Jen told Grandma and Grandpa that they make the best apple pies. They said the pies taste good to them, too.

she, Jasmin; it, camera; he, Blake; it, camera

9. Blake let Jasmin borrow the camera for the State Fair. She accidentally broke it. He was not angry, because it was old.

she, Phyllis; it, competition; she, Phyllis; it, competition

8. After Phyllis saw the horse competition, she couldn’t stop talking about it. She said it was very exciting!

she, Lisa; They, Dana and Giles; her, Lisa

7. Dana and Giles told Lisa that she had missed riding practice. They walked her home.

Write each pronoun and its antecedent.

6. The brothers waved to Mr. Lewis. They

went with them.

shook it.

found it.

5. Aunt Mary went with the girls. She

4. The dog shook the bone. It

3. Mr. Finn found the rake. He

2.

brushed it.

Did Carter see Helen? Did he see her?

1. Tina brushed the horse. She

Underline each noun. Rewrite each sentence, replacing each noun with a pronoun.

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Lesson 15

Grammar–Writing Connection

Pablo and I

brother Pablo

B

C

brother Pablo

Pablo and I

B

C

singular possessive noun

plural noun

B

C

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D plural possessive noun

singular noun

A

3. Which describes the word cousins’ in Sentence 5?

D them

Jen and Angel

A

2. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun we in Sentence 2?

D cousins

Jen and Angel

A

1. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun they in Sentence 3?

54

Sentence 3 Sentence 4

B C

singular possessive noun plural noun

B C

two three

B C D four

one

A

OP OP

SP OP SP OP

SP

SP

Lesson 16

Subject and Object Pronouns

55

The decision was not up to us.

15. The decision was not up to you and me.

Would they win prizes?

14. Would these inventions win prizes?

He created many useful things.

13. Eli Whitney created many useful things.

Maria Beasley designed it.

12. Maria Beasley designed the first life raft.

They developed a new type of backpack.

11. Drake and Claude developed a new type of backpack.

The fire escape was invented by her.

10. The fire escape was invented by Anna Connelly.

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Grammar Practice Book

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with a pronoun.

9. She said that chocolate chip cookies were her favorite snack.

8. Rebecca invited them inside for milk and cookies.

7. They looked cold and tired.

6. Kyle was proud of it.

5. It worked really well!

4. They tested the racing sled on the hill.

SP

3. We were excited about helping invent a new toy!

2. Kyle asked us to help design a racing sled.

1. Rebecca gave him a book about inventors.

Write SP for subject pronoun or OP for object pronoun to identify each underlined word.

Name

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6. How many pronouns are in Sentence 3?

D plural possessive noun

singular noun

A

5. Which describes the word trophies in Sentence 5?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

4. Which sentence has a plural possessive noun that should be a plural noun?

(1) My cousins’, Jen and Angel, competed in a swim meet last week. (2) My brother Pablo and I like to watch them swim, so we went to the meet, too. (3) When Pablo and I arrived, Jen and Angel told us that they have lucky swimsuits. (4) My cousins must be right because they each won an event! (5) I got to hold my cousins’ trophies and celebrate with them.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

31

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Lesson 16

Subject and Object Pronouns

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_056.indd 56

correct

56

10. Heather invited Dominic and me to study with her.

Lesson 16

Grammar–Writing Connection

I and Ella

Ella and I

Ella and me

They It

B C

D them

it

she

B C

her

A

3. Which pronoun could replace the words Sarah Goode in Sentence 2?

D Them

She

A

2. Which pronoun would best complete Sentence 5?

D he and Ella

C

B

A

1. Which words should replace the words me and Ella to correct Sentence 1?

57

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

they

them

we

they

it

her

D us

C

B

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. Which pronoun could replace the words that invention in Sentence 6?

D he

C

B

A

5. Which pronoun could replace the second families in Sentence 3?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which of the following sentences has an incorrect pronoun?

(1) Today me and Ella learned about an inventor named Sarah Goode. (2) Have you heard of Sarah Goode? (3) In the 1880s, she saw that families living in cities had very small apartments, and families needed to folded into save space. (4) Her designed a new kind of bed. (5) a cabinet and became a desk. (6) I think that invention is clever!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

You and I must decide which book to read next.

9. I and you must decide which book to read next.

correct

8. She and I studied women inventors.

Lana and I read a book about Sarah Goode.

7. I and Lana read a book about Sarah Goode.

If the order of pronouns in the sentence is correct, write correct. If the order is incorrect, rewrite the sentence correctly.

Our teacher congratulated Tim, Lisa, and me.

6. Our teacher congratulated (Tim, Lisa, and me/me, Tim, and Lisa).

Tim read his introduction to Lisa and me.

5. Tim read his introduction to (me and Lisa/Lisa and me).

She and I drew pictures of famous inventions.

4. (I and she/She and I) drew pictures of famous inventions.

Then Lisa and I worked on the next part.

3. Then (I and Lisa/Lisa and I) worked on the next part.

Our teacher asked Tim and me to do some research.

2. Our teacher asked (Tim and me/me and Tim) to do some research.

Tim, Lisa, and I are making a presentation.

1. (Tim, Lisa, and I/I, Tim, and Lisa) are making a presentation.

Rewrite each sentence. Choose the correct words in parentheses ( ).

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her they

us

he

him us

I them

They

a model of the toy he made.

it

I entered the competition together.

to help.

.

.

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him, object

58

my your her

mine yours hers

ours theirs his

our their his

Lesson 17

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Accept reasonable responses.

59

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Grammar Practice Book

pronouns that are used before nouns and possessive pronouns that stand alone.

pronouns to write three sentences describing the picture. Include possessive

If you were to draw a picture of yourself, what would it look like? Use possessive

Simon and Donna announce that the drawing is theirs.

10. Simon and Donna announce that the drawing is Simon’s and Donna’s.

“I think my painting is the best,” says Danita.

9. “I think Danita’s painting is the best,” says Danita.

The paper on the easel is his.

8. The paper on the easel is Patrick’s.

This is her painting.

7. This is Danita’s painting.

Rewrite each sentence, replacing the underlined word or words with a possessive pronoun.

6. the girl‘s

5. belonging to you

4. belonging to me

3. owned by the boy

2. belonging to them

1. belonging to us

Stand Alone

Before a Noun

Write the possessive pronoun that could replace each group of words.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

They told him the report was terrific. They, subject;

10. Trey and Marie told Fred the report was terrific.

She invented it. She, subject; it, object

9. Tabitha Babbitt invented the circular saw.

He gave a report on her. He, subject; her, object

8. Fred gave a report on Tabitha Babbitt.

Rewrite each sentence. Replace the underlined word or words with a pronoun. Write subject or object to identify each kind of pronoun.

7. Raven asked Ron and

me

him

told Rafiq that his idea would save people time.

6. Damien is nervous, but his friends will be there with

5. Pia and

4.

she

would like to design video games.

it we

3. My friend Noelle invented a game, and we played

2. Dion showed

1. James thinks

me he

Lesson 16

Subject and Object Pronouns

Possible responses are shown.

Fill in each blank with a pronoun from the box. Not all of the pronouns will be used.

Name

33

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herself ourselves

themselves myself itself ourselves herself yourself himself

yourself myself

themselves

Lesson 17

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_060.indd 60

60

Lesson 17

Grammar–Writing Connection

61

Sentence 4

C

D ourselves (Sentence 6)

its D our

their C

my B

A

3. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 3?

D themselfs

themself

theirself

B C

themselves

A

2. Which is the correct reflexive pronoun to fill in the blank in Sentence 2?

Sentence 2

B

hers (Sentence 5)

C

his

her

your

basketballs

C

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Lucia

B

D we

boy

A

6. Which is the antecedent for the pronoun ourselves in Sentence 6?

D its

C

B

A

5. Which of these pronouns could replace the underlined word in Sentence 4?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

your (Sentence 1)

B

4. Which sentence has a possessive pronoun that stands alone?

Our (Sentence 1)

A

1. Which is a reflexive pronoun?

(1) Our teacher announced, “Today you will make a painting of your favorite thing.” (2) She said the students could decide what to paint all by . (3) At ﬁrst, many students just stared at the students’ blank papers. (4) Then a boy named Fernando began painting birds on Fernando’s paper. (5) Lucia began painting basketballs on hers. (6) Soon we were all enjoying ourselves!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

The woman said she would buy the paints herself.

12. The woman said she would buy the paints (himself/herself).

Did you think you could do it all by yourselves?

11. Did you think you could do it all by (yourselves/himself)?

Would you like to draw yourself?

10. Would you like to draw (yourself/itself)?

We looked at ourselves in the mirror.

9. We looked at (herself/ourselves) in the mirror.

Jerome wanted to paint himself.

8. Jerome wanted to paint (himself/themselves).

Rewrite the sentences. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun in parentheses ( ).

7. the boy

6. you

5. the girl

4. we

3. the chair

2. I

1. they

itself himself

Choose the reflexive pronoun that can replace each noun or pronoun.

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ours, P yours, P

my, P

Lesson 17

Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

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62

five

shown.

Lesson 18

Adjectives and Articles

landscape. (what kind?)

garden. (what kind?)

special

first

! (what kind?)

63

It was an exciting meeting!

15. It was (a/an) exciting meeting!

The bosses applauded her creativity.

14. (A/The) bosses applauded her creativity.

Reese suggested an idea for a website.

13. Reese suggested (a/an) idea for (a/an) website.

The group was meeting in an auditorium.

12. (An/The) group was meeting in (a/an) auditorium.

The workers sat down in the chairs.

11. (A/The) workers sat down in (a/the) chairs.

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Rewrite each sentence. Choose the correct articles from the parentheses ( ).

fantastic

talent. (what kind?)

step. (which one?)

butterflies I was drawing flew away! (which ones?)

hours. (how many?)

beautiful

sunny

tubes of paint in a box. (how many?)

paintbrushes. (how many?)

art students packed their supplies. (what kind?)

two

several

10. I thought her painting was

9. She had a

8. Elena sat on the

7.

Those

6. They sketched for

5. The students discussed the

4. The teacher led them to the

3. Sophie put

2. Douglas collected

1. The

happy

Complete each sentence. Add an adjective of the type shown in parentheses ( ). Possible responses are

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Joanie and Niall said they colored the poster themselves.

12. Joanie and Niall said they colored the poster himself.

We helped ourselves to more oil paints.

11. We helped ourself to more oil paints.

Andrea put her art supplies in the cabinet.

10. Andrea put hers art supplies in the cabinet.

That was my picture!

9. That was mine picture!

Kyle said the illustration belonged to him.

8. Kyle said the illustration belonged to his.

Rewrite each sentence. Correct any errors in the use of possessive or reflexive pronouns.

themselves, R

herself, R

her, P

7. William and Peter put the exhibit together themselves.

6. Did Maria put a price tag on yours?

5. The sculpture was ours.

4. I gave my painting to a dear friend.

3. Juanita painted all of the portraits herself.

2. The woman admired her paintings.

1. The artists were pleased with their work.

their, P

Write the pronoun in each sentence. Then write P if it is possessive or R if it is reflexive.

Name

35

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Lesson 18

Adjectives and Articles

pretty big

lot was on the corner.

colorful many

ugly dirty

flowers.

project was a success!

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_064.indd 64

64

The big, exciting project was a success!

12. The

Lesson 18

Grammar–Writing Connection

other

C

two three

B C

car (Sentence 1) happy (Sentence 4)

B C

D funny (Sentence 5)

Five (Sentence 1)

A

3. Which of these words is NOT an adjective?

D four

one

A

2. How many adjectives are in Sentence 1?

D two

loud

ﬁrst

B

A

1. Which adjective in Sentence 3 tells how many?

65

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

which way

which one

how many

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has no articles?

D what kind

C

B

A

5. What does the adjective colorful in Sentence 5 tell the reader?

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

4. Which sentence is missing a comma between two adjectives?

(1) Five big clowns got out of the tiny car. (2) They ran around in their big orange shoes. (3) The ﬁrst clown made a loud noise, and two other clowns fell down. (4) A small child looked happy. (5) Suddenly the clowns threw their funny colorful hats into the air and ran away. (6) The circus tent became quiet again.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

One boy suggested planting many pretty flowers.

11. One boy suggested planting

A girl said they should paint a bright, colorful mural.

mural.

Several young children discussed how to clean it up.

children discussed how to clean it up.

10. A girl said they should paint a

9.

bright young

The dirty, ugly lot was on the corner.

8. The

several exciting

Complete each sentence using two adjectives from the box. Use each adjective only once. Use correct punctuation. Possible responses are shown.

7. The elderly woman enjoyed the wonderful performance.

6. In a warm, deep voice he read the poem.

5. The man opened his small, worn book.

4. Many excited people sat in the audience.

3. The white spotlight was bright.

2. The tall, thin poet stood on the stage.

1. The young girl was excited.

Underline the adjectives in each sentence. Then circle the noun each adjective describes.

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Lesson 18

Adjectives and Articles

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

hug from me.

66

Kyle

most interesting happiest greatest hungriest most amazing coldest

more interesting happier greater hungrier more amazing colder

of all the trees. (old)

fruit than the pear. (popular)

fruit of all. (delicious)

pears he had ever eaten. (juicy)

than that pear,” stated the girl. (small)

than an orange. (large)

67

A grapefruit is larger than an orange.

12. A grapefruit is

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

“This pear is smaller than that pear,” stated the girl.

11. “This pear is

The pears were the juiciest pears he had ever eaten.

10. The pears were the

Leo said that strawberries are the most delicious fruit of all.

9. Leo said that strawberries are the

The apple is a more popular fruit than the pear.

8. The apple is a

The apple tree was the oldest of all the trees.

7. The apple tree was the

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct form of the adjective in parentheses.

6. cold

5. amazing

4. hungry

3. great

2. happy

1. interesting

Compare One with More than One

Lesson 19

Comparing with Adjectives

Compare One with One

Write the form of the adjective used to compare people, places, or things.

Name

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

Your grateful son,

to have caring parents. Please give my adorable dog a big

I am happy to be at this wonderful camp, and I feel lucky

I will be able to bring a beautiful pot home to you!

clay pots and paint them bright colors. It takes hard work, but

One interesting activity is arts and crafts class. I make

several nice friends. We do many terrific activities together.

I am having a great time at camp. After a few days, I met

Dear Mom and Dad,

I am happy to be at (16) camp, and I feel lucky to have (17) parents. Please give my (18) dog a (19) hug from me. Your (20) son, Kyle

(4) activities together. One (5) activity is arts and crafts class. I make (6) pots and paint them (7) colors. It takes (8) work, but I will be able to bring a (9) pot home to you!

Dear Mom and Dad, I am having a (1) time at camp. After (2) days, I met (3) friends. We do

Rewrite the letter. Add an adjective or adjectives to describe each underlined noun. Correct the articles when necessary. Possible responses are shown.

Name

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good .

of the three books.

good

.

worse

bad

bad

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20. Yesterday I felt

19. The weather was

18. The preserves were

worse

worse

bad bad

peach preserves.

idea.

. she has ever seen.

she has ever tasted.

chef in my family.

68

Lesson 19

Grammar–Writing Connection

most great

more great

greatest

more better

C

most delicious

more delicious

deliciousest

D correct as is

C

B

A

3. Which word or words should replace the underlined word in Sentence 3?

D correct as is

best

more good B

A

2. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 2?

D correct as is

C

B

A

1. Which is the correct way to write great when comparing three or more things (Sentence 1)?

69

nicer

most nice

more nicer

oldest

older

old

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence uses an adjective correctly to compare two things?

D more older

C

B

A

5. Which adjective should fill in the blank in Sentence 5?

D nicest

C

B

A

4. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 4?

(1) Patty’s Pies is the great bakery. (2) It has the most best cherry pie. (3) My friend Lee says that its apple pie is the delicious he has ever had. (4) The staﬀ is more nice than the staﬀ at the other local bakery. (5) You may notice that the decorations at Patty’s Pies are than those at the other bakery. (6) However, the pies are better at Patty’s, and that is what counts!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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because I ate too many crabapples.

today than yesterday.

, and I did not eat them.

worst

gardener than he was.

worst

worst

.

Possible responses are shown.

?

best

than his neighbor’s garden.

than last year’s.

17. I did not enjoy cooking because I was the

16. John said that I was not a

15. Jalinda said this year’s lemons were the

14. The old scarecrow looks

13. Aunt Lin said the berry crisp was the

12. This year’s harvest was

11. That peach tasted

Complete each sentence with a correct form of bad.

10. That was the

9. Do you think the ending of the story is

best

best

better

8. Of all of the stories I have read, this story is the

7. Luis thinks this book is

good

flowers, you have to work hard.

6. Grandpa tells me that his garden is

5. To grow the

best

Lesson 19

Comparing with Adjectives

than the one from the store.

than her last apple pie.

4. The competition is to find who makes the

3. Rene’s apple pie is

better

2. Adding extra spices to the pie filling is a

1. Aunt Jackie’s pumpkin pie is

Possible responses are shown. better

Complete each sentence with a correct form of good.

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heavier

most interesting

best

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Lesson 20

Grammar–Writing Connection

myself (Sentence 2)

C

Us

We

They

D Sentence 6

Sentence 5

Sentence 4

B C

Sentence 2

A

3. Which of the following sentences has a possessive pronoun that is not used before a noun?

D You

C

B

A

2. Which pronoun could replace the underlined words in Sentence 4?

D My (Sentence 3)

its (Sentence 1)

our (Sentence 1)

B

A

71

1. Which is NOT a possessive pronoun?

himself

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has the most pronouns?

D themselves

ourselves C

yourself B

A

5. Which reflexive pronoun could fill the blank in Sentence 5?

D friends

cake

party

B C

club

A

pronoun it in Sentence 3?

4. Which is the antecedent for the

(1) This month our reading club had its anniversary party. (2) I baked the cake for the party myself. (3) My friends Raoul and Belinda helped me decorate it. (4) Raoul, Belinda, and I made the cake look like our club’s ﬁrst book. (5) Raoul did the writing on the cake by . (6) There were other desserts at the party, but the best one was ours!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Mr. Young says the pastries are tastier than the ones he made.

12. Mr. Young says the pastries are tastiest than the ones he made.

The pie tasted worse than the cheesecake.

11. The pie tasted more bad than the cheesecake.

That meal was the best meal that Kate had ever eaten.

10. That meal was the most better meal that Kate had ever eaten.

Ana ate dinner later than Tyrone.

9. Ana ate dinner more later than Tyrone.

Was that menu more recent than the one we have at home?

8. Was that menu most recent than the one we have at home?

Fran chose the most colorful of the three cakes.

7. Fran chose the colorful of the three cakes.

Rewrite each sentence. Correct the errors in the use of adjectives.

6. Don’t you think that was the interesting field trip of all?

5. Of all the fruits, the cherry is the good fruit.

4.

3. Don said it was the amazing tree he had ever seen.

most amazing most fun The field trip to the orchard was the fun I have had all week.

larger

Lesson 19

Comparing with Adjectives

2. The tree in the front yard was large than the tree in the backyard.

1. Sean’s basket of apples was heavy than Ollie’s basket.

Write the correct comparative form of the underlined adjective.

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Lesson 20

Grammar–Writing Connection

this

good

B

C

more cuter

cuter

B

C

the

its

B

C

RXENL08AWK41_GPB_072.indd 72

D correct as is

a

A

3. Which is the correct word to replace the article in Sentence 3?

D cutest

more cute

A

2. Which is the correct way to write cute when comparing more than two things in Sentence 2?

D fun

best

A

1. Which adjective from the passage tells which one?

72

cheerfullest more cheerful

B C

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

pet

dog

pig

D Sandy

C

B

A

through the park.

at 8:30 A.M.

to the child.

the family that lives upstairs.

three children.

the large box.

73

animals?

Do you like animals?

14. Do you

My father carries the large box.

13. My father

The family has three children.

12. The family

I know the family that lives upstairs.

11. I

The large dog belongs to the child.

10. The large dog

My school day begins at 8:30 A.M.

9. My school day

She walks through the park.

8. She

Possible responses are shown.

Rewrite each sentence. Use a verb to complete each one.

7. Older people remember the event.

6. Many children read the book.

5. She brought her dog with her.

4. Long ago, a princess visited our town.

3. The librarian told me a story.

2. I met a new friend today.

1. We moved here last week.

Underline the verb in each sentence.

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6. Which noun does the adjective better describe in Sentence 6?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

5. Which sentence is missing a comma between two adjectives?

D correct as is

cheerfuller

A

4. Which word or words should replace the underlined words in Sentence 5?

(1) The best pet Sandy ever owned was a small friendly pig named Gertrude. (2) She thought this pig was the most cute animal she had ever seen. (3) Sandy took good care of an adorable pig. (4) The most fun was taking Gertrude for walks down the street. (5) People gave Sandy most cheerful greetings than when she walked by herself. (6) “A pig is better than a dog for a pet!” said Sandy.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Grammar Practice Book

Lesson 21

Main and Helping Verbs

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had (Sentence 2) caught (Sentence 5)

B C

had and will D squeezed and deﬁnitely

had and ﬁx C

squeezed and ﬁx B

A

3. Which are the main verbs in Sentences 2 and 6?

D ﬁx (Sentence 6)

escaped (Sentence 1)

A

2. Which is NOT a main verb in the passage?

75

caught (Sentence 5)

C

Sentence 4

Sentence 5

Sentence 4

Sentence 1

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D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has another word between the helping verb and the main verb?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 2 C

Sentence 1 B

A

5. Which sentence does NOT have a helping verb?

D will (Sentence 6)

was (Sentence 4)

B

Sentence 3

D Sentence 5

C

had (Sentence 2)

Sentence 2

B

verb in the passage?

4. Which verb is NOT a helping A

Sentence 1

A

1. Which has a helping verb?

Lesson 21

Grammar–Writing Connection

(1) My friend’s dog escaped from the yard. (2) She had squeezed through the fence. (3) She ran down the street. (4) Soon she was panting hard. (5) Then we caught her. (6) We will deﬁnitely ﬁx the hole in the fence!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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The schoolchildren could write stories about their pets.

11. The schoolchildren (write) stories about their pets.

The class will end early today.

10. The class (end) early today.

You should go outside to play.

9. You (go) outside to play.

The woman was shaking her head.

8. The woman (shake) her head.

The newspaper did publish an article about the incident.

7. The newspaper (publish) an article about the incident.

A bear would scare me, too.

6. A bear (scare) me, too.

My dog will behave inside the house.

5. My dog (behave) inside the house.

Lesson 21

Main and Helping Verbs

Rewrite each sentence. Use a helping verb and a form of the verb in parentheses ( ). Possible responses are given.

4. She will buy the largest fish bowl.

3. Toby’s mother was walking to the pet store.

2. They have not purchased the fish bowl yet.

1. Toby’s pet fish was swimming in the tank.

Underline the main verb. Circle the helping verb.

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satisfy, could like, would buying, am

made, is

Lesson 21

Main and Helping Verbs

would has

is

Has

could

did

Are

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be canceled.

76

should

we meeting at the park?

will

15. The weather forecast says that we

14.

bring potato salad to the picnic.

action

action

Lesson 22

Action and Linking Verbs

music on his guitar. (action)

a talented musician. (linking)

anxious about traveling. (linking)

to the park. (action)

good-bye. (action)

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Accept reasonable responses.

Write four sentences about your family. Use two action verbs and two linking verbs.

The whole family waves good-bye.

12. The whole family

My friends and I go to the park.

11. My friends and I

The children seem anxious about traveling.

10. The children

He is a talented musician.

9. He

Marco plays music on his guitar.

8. Marco

Rewrite each sentence. Complete it with the kind of verb shown in parentheses ( ). Possible responses are shown.

action

linking

action

linking

linking

7. My brothers and I speak Spanish.

6. Our new home seems nice.

5. A union helps the workers.

4. My father is a hard worker.

3. They are very welcoming.

2. We stay with my mother’s sister.

1. The family travels far from home.

Underline the verb in each sentence. Write action or linking to tell what kind of verb it is.

Name

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have sunny weather.

see huge storm clouds in the sky.

will

are shown.

you like?

not make her choice yet.

would

she ever eaten a banana split?

13. If it rains, the picnic

12. We

11. My family

10.

9. Katie

should is

staying open until 7:00 P.M.

could will

8. Which flavor of ice cream

7. The store

are did

Choose a helping verb from the box to complete each sentence. You may use a helping verb more than once or not at all. Possible responses

6. I am buying two bags of this dog food.

5. This customer would like a sample.

4. It could satisfy the hungriest of dogs!

developed, have

3. I have developed a special formula for the food.

feed, can

2. One bag of food can feed two adult Dalmatians.

1. This dog food is made for larger dogs.

For each sentence, write the main verb. Then write the helping verb.

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Lesson 22

Action and Linking Verbs

in a diary.

worried.

the girl.

to a new country every day!

together again.

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Lesson 22

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2 Sentence 4

B C

arrive (Sentence 4)

C

Feel is action and are is linking. They are both action verbs.

B C

D They are both linking verbs.

Feel is linking and are is action.

A

3. Which describes the two verbs in Sentence 3?

D hugs (Sentence 6)

feel (Sentence 3)

checks (Sentence 2)

B

A

2. Which is NOT an action verb?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence has a linking verb?

79

arrive (Sentence 4)

feel (Sentence 3)

are (Sentence 1)

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

Hugs is action and kisses is linking. They are both action verbs.

B C

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D They are both linking verbs.

Hugs is linking and kisses is action.

A

6. Which describes the two verbs in Sentence 6?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

5. Which sentence has an action verb?

D is (Sentence 5)

C

B

A

4. Which is NOT a linking verb?

(1) Many people are on the bus. (2) The driver checks our tickets. (3) I feel nervous, but my brothers are excited. (4) We ﬁnally arrive at the bus station. (5) Our father is there! (6) He hugs and kisses all of us.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Soon, all of the relatives are together again.; linking verb

12. Soon, all of the relatives

People move to a new country every day!; action verb

11. People

The mother comforts the girl.; action verb

10. The mother

She seems worried.; linking verb

9. She

The young girl writes in a diary.; action verb

8. The young girl

are shown.

Rewrite each sentence. Complete each one with a verb. Then write whether you used an action verb or a linking verb. Possible responses

7. Claudio and Juanita play together.

6. She is about Claudio’s age.

5. A young girl named Juanita says hello.

4. Finally, the boy arrives.

3. Claudio’s grandparents are happy about the visit, too.

2. He feels excited about the trip.

1. Claudio visits his grandparents in Mexico.

Underline the action verbs. Circle the linking verbs.

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is, linking

think, action

seems, linking

cook, action

falls, action

are, linking

Lesson 22

Action and Linking Verbs

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is

buy

climbs

find

linking

looks

80

delicious.

an ice-cream cone.

a tree in the park.

action

linking

action

Lesson 23

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

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Bees, butterflies, and wasps fly around our garden.

14. Bees, butterflies, and wasps (fly) around our garden.

An insect has three body sections.

13. An insect (have) three body sections.

A cricket rubs its wings together to make noise.

12. A cricket (rub) its wings together to make noise.

Many birds eat insects.

11. Many birds (eat) insects.

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct present-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ).

10. Some insects (chirp, chirps) loudly.

9. My mother (think, thinks) crickets are noisy.

8. Mario (make, makes) a cage for his pet cricket.

7. The subway (travel, travels) underground.

6. At the newsstand, workers (sell, sells) newspapers.

5. The mice (hide, hides) behind the cupboard.

4. The big cat (look, looks) at the small insect.

3. Do you (see, sees) many crickets in the city?

2. It (has, have) strong legs.

1. A cricket (jump, jumps) high in the air.

Circle the correct present-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ).

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linking

action

used to the city sounds.

friendly.

action

action

linking

across the yard.

her bicycle.

noisy.

a quarter.

becomes

seems

walks

rides

15. The ice cream

14. I

13. Lola

12. I

11. Hugo

10. She

9. A girl

8. Lola

7. The city

Add a verb to complete each sentence. Write action or linking to tell what kind of verb you used. Possible responses are shown.

6. I think about my friends there.

5. Our home seems so far away.

4. My mother and aunts cook breakfast.

3. That night, Mr. Diaz falls asleep immediately.

2. Raoul and Hector are tired from the trip.

1. The car ride is long.

Write the main verb in each sentence. Then label each one as action or linking.

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Lesson 23

near Times Square.

here.

amazed at the city’s enormous size.

so much to see!

visiting the museum today.

looking forward to it.

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82

I am looking forward to it.

10. I

We are visiting the museum today.

9. We

There is so much to see!

8. There

I am amazed at the city’s enormous size.

7. I

Many beautiful theaters are here.

6. Many beautiful theaters

This neighborhood is near Times Square.

5. This neighborhood

Lesson 23

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 4

C

makes (Sentence 4) example (Sentence 4)

B C

D lives (Sentence 5)

keep (Sentence 3)

A

3. Which is a verb that agrees with its plural subject?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 5

Sentence 3

B C

Sentence 1

A

2. Which has a plural form of a verb that should be in the singular form?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

B

A

1. Which sentence has a present-tense form of the verb be?

83

include

has

look

Sentence 3 Sentence 5

B C

Change joy to joys.

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Grammar Practice Book

D Make no change.

Change bring to brings. C

Change Its to It. B

A

6. Which change, if any, should the student make to Sentence 6?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 1

A

5. Which sentence has a singular subject and a verb that agrees with it?

D shows

C

B

A

Sentence 2?

4. Which verb could complete

(1) Insects are an important part of Chinese culture. (2) Paintings and insects. (3) People keep insects for entertainment, poems often too. (4) For example, a cricket may be kept as a pet. (5) A pet insect lives in a small cage. (6) Its song bring joy to its owner.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Rewrite each sentence with the correct present-tense form of the verb be.

is; singular

4. The show is fantastic!

are; plural

3. Her shoes are red.

am; singular

2. I am late for the show.

are; plural

1. They are at the theater already.

Write the form of the verb be in each sentence. Then write whether the subject is singular or plural.

Name

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

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It

They

read a book about zoo animals today?

She

She keeps the book on her shelf.

keeps the book on her shelf.

I am not sure how it ends.

am not sure how it ends.

It is a really great story.

is a really great story.

They are all different kinds of animals.

are all different kinds of animals.

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10.

9.

8.

are; plural

84

past tense past tense past tense future tense past tense future tense past tense

future tense

future tense

past tense

Lesson 24

Past and Future Tenses

in the orchard. (grow–past tense)

in the spring or summer.

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about one pound. (weigh–future tense)

The fruit will weigh about one pound.

15. The fruit

Mango flowers will appear in the spring or summer.

14. Mango flowers (appear–future tense)

Each mango fruit contained a single seed.

13. Each mango fruit

a single seed. (contain–past tense)

reddish. (look–past tense)

The leaves looked reddish.

12. The leaves

Mango trees grew in the orchard.

11. Mango trees

Rewrite each sentence, using the correct form of the verb in parentheses ( ).

10. He will pay for them.

9. The editor at the newspaper will like your pictures.

8. They shouted with happiness.

7. He will choose the best ones.

6. The assistant viewed the images on the computer.

5. She rowed the boat to shore.

4. The photographs will be pretty.

3. At sunset, the light faded away.

2. She used her best camera.

1. The photographer worked all day.

Underline the complete verb in each sentence. Write past tense or future tense to identify the tense of each verb.

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am; singular are; singular You are my favorite author. is; singular This lesson is harder than last week’s lesson. are; plural Mr. Stanley tells us, “You are all very talented.”

7. I am one of the best writers.

6. We are students in Mr. Stanley’s writing class.

Write the form of the verb be in each sentence. Then write whether the subject is singular or plural.

5.

4.

3.

2.

You

Lesson 23

Present-Tense Verbs; Subject-Verb Agreement

Can you read a book about zoo animals today?

1. Can

I

and verbs agree.

Rewrite each sentence, adding a subject from the box. Use each pronoun only once. Make sure that the subjects

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stop

clean

watch try

study rinse

cleaned

tried

watched

rinsed

will check will drag

checked dragged called stopped studied

will try will clean

will watch

will rinse

will study

will stop

will call

FUTURE TENSE

PAST TENSE

Lesson 24

Past and Future Tenses

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otters, and herons.

86

Lesson 24

Grammar–Writing Connection

eat caught

B C

Sentence 2 Sentence 4

B C

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

3. Which sentence uses a future-tense form of a verb?

D enjoyed

were

A

2. Which is a present-tense verb that could complete Sentence 3?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 4

Sentence 2

B C

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence uses the past-tense form of a verb?

87

Change build to built.

Change build to will build.

Change build to builds.

Change incubate to incubated.

uses, used, will used

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Grammar Practice Book

D scoop, scooped, will scoop

life, lived, will live C

spot, spots, will spot B

A

6. Which shows the correct present, past, and future tenses of a verb?

D Make no change.

Change incubate to incubates. C

Change incubate to will incubate. B

A

5. Which change, if any, should be made in Sentence 6 to use a future-tense verb?

D Make no change.

C

B

A

future-tense verb?

4. Which change, if any, should be made in Sentence 5 to use a

(1) We spotted two brown pelicans by the marina. (2) They live on the sandy ﬁsh. (4) They will use their bills and pouches to beach. (3) The pelicans scoop up ﬁsh. (5) They build a nest on the ground. (6) Both the male bird and the female bird incubate the eggs.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Shawn and his sister looked for animals, such as turtles,

different types of plants. He liked the cypress trees best.

The swamp appeared wet and wooded. Shawn counted many

Shawn visited Florida and learned about swamp life.

Shawn (10) visits Florida and (11) learns about swamp life. The swamp (12) appears wet and wooded. Shawn (13) counts many diﬀerent types of plants. He (14) likes the cypress trees best. Shawn and his sister (15) look for animals, such as turtles, otters, and herons.

Rewrite the paragraph. Change the underlined present-tense verbs to their past-tense form.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

drag

2.

call

check

1.

PRESENT TENSE

Complete the columns. Write the missing forms of each verb.

Name

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remarked, will remark surrounded, will surround smiled, will smile bloomed, will bloom traded, will trade grinned, will grin hurried, will hurry

Lesson 24

Past and Future Tenses

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88

Lesson 25

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2 Sentence 4

B C

entered (Sentence 3) should (Sentence 4)

B C

Sentence 3 Sentence 5

B C

D Sentence 6

Sentence 2

A

3. Which sentence does NOT have a helping verb?

D won (Sentence 5)

yelling (Sentence 2)

A

2. Which is NOT a main verb in the passage?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

89

1. Which sentence has a linking verb as its main verb?

should (Sentence 4)

had (Sentence 3)

was (Sentence 2)

main and action

main and linking

helping and linking

should and won

listen and has

listen and won

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Grammar Practice Book

D should and has

C

B

A

6. Which are the main verbs in Sentences 4 and 5?

D helping and action

C

B

A

5. Which describes the verb entered in Sentence 3?

D is (Sentence 6)

C

B

A

4. Which is NOT a helping verb in the passage?

(1) The volume of the radio was loud. (2) The announcer was yelling about a contest. (3) My friend Pedro had entered the contest. (4) We should listen for the winner. (5) Wow, Pedro has won a trip to China! (6) He is so excited!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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They reported this to their insurance company.

12. They will report this to their insurance company.

Our neighbors’ garage will collapse!

11. Our neighbors’ garage collapsed!

The heavy rain will ruin my vegetable garden.

10. The heavy rain ruined my vegetable garden.

We checked the yard after the storm.

9. We will check the yard after the storm.

The storm will cause a lot of damage.

8. The storm caused a lot of damage.

Rewrite each sentence. Write the future-tense verbs in the past tense. Write the past-tense verbs in the future tense.

7. hurry

6. grin

5. trade

4. bloom

3. smile

2. surround

1. remark

Write the past-tense and future-tense forms of each present-tense verb.

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Lesson 25

Grammar–Writing Connection

will ride (Sentence 2)

walk (Sentence 4)

B

C

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

B

C

Sentence 3

Sentence 4

B

C

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D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

90

3. Which sentence has a verb that does not agree with its singular subject?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 1

A

2. Which sentence has a future-tense verb?

D hugs (Sentence 5)

is going (Sentence 1)

A

1. Which verb agrees in number with its plural subject?

present-tense

future-tense

past-tense

will jump

jump

jumped

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

threw

wore

began

went

Lesson 26

Irregular Verbs

the huge bones belonged to giants. (think)

the answer to the student’s question. (know)

. (break)

him a new model. (give)

91

We gave him a new model.

10. We

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Grammar Practice Book

Hank’s model of a dinosaur skeleton broke.

9. Hank’s model of a dinosaur skeleton

He knew the answer to the student’s question.

8. He

The scientist found the skull in the museum’s basement.

7. The scientist

the skull in the museum’s basement. (find)

wrong. (be)

They were wrong.

6. They

Ancient people thought the huge bones belonged to giants.

5. Ancient people

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct past-tense form of the verb in parentheses ( ).

4. throw

3. wear

2. begin

1. go

Write the past-tense form for each present-tense verb.

Name

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D Sentence 6

C

B

A

6. Which sentence has a past-tense verb?

D jumping

C

B

A

5. Which is the past-tense form of the underlined verb in Sentence 6?

D plural

C

B

A

4. Which describes the verb hugs in Sentence 6?

(1) Jamal is going to San Francisco. (2) He will ride a train from Arizona to California. (3) Jamal packed his bags. (4) Jamal and his sister walk to the train station. (5) The conductor shout, “All aboard!” (6) Jamal hugs his sister and jumps onto the train.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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throw, throws

6. throw

been

was, were

eaten

thrown

threw

ate

begun

began

drawn

broken

broke

drew

known

knew

chosen

gone

went

chose

worn

PAST WITH HELPING VERBS (have, has, had)

Lesson 26

Irregular Verbs

wore

PAST

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92

she knew a lot about many different things.

Lesson 26

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 4

C

Sentences 3 and 4 Sentences 4 and 5

B C

D Sentences 5 and 6

Sentences 2 and 3

A

3. Which two sentences have a helping verb?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 3

Sentence 2 B

A

2. Which sentence has one verb in the present tense and one in the past tense?

93

Sentences 4 and 5

wear (Sentence 3)

was (Sentence 2)

went (Sentence 1)

D theft

think

throw

B C

thrill

A

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Grammar Practice Book

6. The underlined verb in Sentence 4 is the past-tense form of which verb?

D wore (Sentence 4)

C

B

A

5. Which verb is the past-tense form of the verb be?

D Sentences 5 and 6

Sentences 3 and 4 C

Sentences 1 and 2

D wore (Sentence 4)

A B

was (Sentence 2)

went (Sentence 1)

4. Which two sentences do NOT include a past-tense form of the verb be?

wear (Sentence 3)

C

B

A

1. Which verb from the passage is the past-tense form of the verb go?

(1) We went to the Natural History Museum yesterday. (2) The tour of the dinosaur exhibit was two hours long. (3) The museum guide suggested that we wear comfortable shoes. (4) Instead, Arnie wore his brand-new boots. (5) He had thought it was a good idea. (6) After just 15 minutes, Arnie knew he had made a mistake!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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time. Then she began to read. By the end of the summer,

to the library every day. Sama chose a new book each

Sama was a good reader. Over the summer, she went

Sama (11) is a good reader. Over the summer, she (12) goes to the library every day. Sama (13) chooses a new book each time. Then she (14) begins to read. By the end of the summer, she (15) knows a lot about many different things.

Write this present-tense paragraph in the past tense.

eat, eats

draw, draws

9. draw

10. eat

choose, chooses

8. choose

am, is, are

begin, begins

5. begin

7. be

break, breaks

4. break

go, goes

2. go

know, knows

wear, wears

1. wear

3. know

PRESENT

VERB

Complete the chart with the correct forms of each verb.

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thought

were knew

made, threw

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94

I thought the book was funny.

12. What did you think of the book?

I saw my neighbor walking his dog.

11. What did you see on your way to school today?

I began my homework at 4:30 P.M.

10. When did you begin your homework?

I wore sneakers yesterday.

9. What kind of shoes did you wear yesterday?

I went to bed at 9:00 P.M.

8. When did you go to bed last night?

it’s

we’d

I’m

you’re

shouldn’t

won’t

doesn’t

they’ve

isn’t

she’s

Lesson 27

Easily Confused Words

18. I’ve put on sunscreen and a hat.

17. Your face looks sunburned.

contraction

95

20. Imagine you’re already at the top of the hill.

contraction

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Grammar Practice Book

contraction

contraction

possessive pronoun

16. It’s a long way to the bottom of the canyon!

possessive pronoun

contraction

possessive pronoun

15. The hikers put on their backpacks.

19. I think they’re resting.

contraction contraction

14. After lunch, they weren’t tired anymore.

13. Its hinge is broken.

12. The door wouldn’t close.

11. We’re tired from walking so far.

Label each underlined word as a contraction or a possessive pronoun.

10. it is

9. we had

8. I am

7. you are

6. should not

5. will not

4. does not

3. they have

2. is not

1. she is

Write the contraction for each word pair.

Name

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Write a sentence to answer each question. Use the past-tense form of the verb you see in the question. Possible responses are shown.

7. Jane knows so much about these animals.

6. The stories are always great!

was

Lesson 26

Irregular Verbs

wrote

began

5. When she makes a mistake, she throws the page away.

4. Then she writes about events from her imagination.

3. Jane thinks of its habitat.

2. She begins with a description of the dinosaur.

1. Writing stories about dinosaurs is Jane’s favorite pastime.

Rewrite the underlined verbs in the past tense.

Name

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Lesson 27

Easily Confused Words

knew .

Dora yell with excitement.

herd

of buffalo!

right

the way to the campsite.

?

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96

Are you sure Dora is right?

12. Are you sure Dora is

They knew the way to the campsite.

11. They

write

Lesson 27

Grammar–Writing Connection

I am I might

B C

97

Sentence 4

C D They’re

Sentence 4 D have never

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Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2 C

have not

C

Sentence 1 B

have no

have nothing

6. In which sentence is one of the words two, too, or to used incorrectly? A B

A

3. Which word pair does the contraction haven’t in Sentence 2 stand for?

Sentence 3

B They’d

D Sentence 5

Sentence 2

A The’ve

5. Which sentence incorrectly uses a possessive pronoun where there should be a contraction?

C

They’ve

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which sentence incorrectly uses a contraction where there should be a possessive pronoun?

B

A

2. Which is the contraction for the underlined words in Sentence 2?

D I have

I may

A

1. Which word pair does the contraction I’m in Sentence 1 stand for?

(1) In two days I’m visiting Yosemite National Park with my cousins. (2) They have been to the park before, but I haven’t. (3) My cousins say they’re favorite part of the trip is seeing all of the stars at night. (4) I can’t wait too see the stars. (5) I know its going to be fantastic!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Write me a postcard when you have time.

me a postcard when you have time.

We see a herd of buffalo!

9. We see a

I heard Dora yell with excitement.

8. I

10.

heard

This sleeping bag is new.

7. This sleeping bag is

new

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct word from the box to complete it.

6. They plan to hike tomorrow, (to, too).

5. (Your, You’re) taking some great pictures.

4. The pack mules (no, know) which trail to follow.

3. I count (four, for) coyotes.

2. (They’re, Their) shoes are dry and dusty.

1. (It’s, Its) time to stop for water.

Circle the word in parentheses ( ) that correctly completes the sentence.

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3. Paul fell in love with Carrie immediately.

you’ve

6. Sometimes I join in the song.

weren’t

incorrect; to correct

incorrect; There

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15. I no I want to go there some day.

correct

98

when

when

how

Adverbs Lesson 28

than the neighbor’s children. (quick)

wrestled a puma. (brave)

. (great)

. (wide)

99

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Grammar Practice Book

use each adverb in a sentence that compares more than two actions.

Accept reasonable responses.

Choose one adverb of each type, for example upstairs, frequently, and softly. Then

They enjoy their trips greatly.

12. They enjoy their trips

The family travels widely.

11. The family travels

The girl bravely wrestled a puma.

10. The girl

The Bunyan children grow more quickly than the neighbor’s children.

9. The Bunyan children grow

Rewrite each sentence. Use the correct form of the adverb in parentheses ( ).

8. Today we are walking in Bryce Canyon.

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incorrect; know

14. Ollie’s parents showed us their photographs of the Grand Canyon.

incorrect; It’s

incorrect; one

13. Its a five-hour trip to the deepest part of the canyon.

12. I’ve read it is about won mile deep!

correct

11. My sister has heard that it is more than 275 miles long.

10. If you’ve seen the Grand Canyon, you’re lucky.

9. I haven’t been too them all.

8. Their are many wonderful parks in the United States.

when

how where

5. My mother sings happily.

aren’t 7. Niagara Falls is over there.

4. Later, they got married.

we’ve

when

2. Paul Bunyan walked everywhere.

where

1. Paul Bunyan worked hard to clear the land.

Circle the adverb. Then write whether the adverb tells where, when, or how.

Name

don’t

they’d

can’t

Lesson 27

Easily Confused Words

Write whether the underlined word is correct or incorrect. If the word is incorrect, write the correct one.

7. were not

6. are not

5. we have

4. you have

3. do not

2. they had

1. can not

Write the contraction for each word pair.

Name

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Nobody

Lesson 28

Adverbs

No No never

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100

He couldn’t imagine a finer ox.

10. He couldn’t imagine no finer ox.

Lesson 28

Grammar–Writing Connection

more (Sentence 3)

C

labored (Sentence 3) read (Sentence 4)

B C

D thought (Sentence 5)

worked (Sentence 1)

A

3. Which is NOT described by an adverb?

D Babe and the Blue Ox

famous characters and folktales

Babe and famous characters

B C

Babe and folktales

A

2. Which are being compared in Sentence 1?

D happily (Sentence 4)

strong (Sentence 2)

hardest (Sentence 1)

B

A

1. Which of the following is NOT an adverb in the passage?

101

Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

best (Sentence 5)

happily (Sentence 4)

hardest (Sentence 1)

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Grammar Practice Book

D tomorrow (Sentence 6)

C

B

A

6. Which is an adverb that tells when?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

5. Which sentence compares just two actions?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which sentence has a double negative?

(1) Of all the famous characters in folktales, Babe the Blue Ox worked hardest. (2) No animal was never as strong as Babe. (3) Babe labored more than Paul Bunyan did! (4) I happily read any stories about Paul and Babe. (5) I thought they were the best stories of all. (6) I will write about the story tomorrow.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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Paul hadn’t seen anything like Babe before.

9. Paul hadn’t seen nothing like Babe before.

The other loggers were never as fast as Paul.

8. The other loggers were not never as fast as Paul.

There is nothing wrong with being a lumberjack.

7. There is not nothing wrong with being a lumberjack.

He had never seen any big mountains before.

6. He had never seen no big mountains before.

Possible responses are shown.

Rewrite each sentence correctly, with only one negative.

5. I’ve never met anyone who could sing more loudly than Sue.

4. No place looks more beautiful than Big Sur.

3. No ox worked harder than Babe.

not

2. It was not difficult for him to cut trees more quickly than other loggers.

1. Nobody chops down trees better than Paul Bunyan.

Underline each verb, and circle the adverb that describes it. Then write the negative from each sentence.

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COMPARING MORE THAN TWO ACTIONS

most quietly highest most frequently best most carefully earliest

more quietly higher more frequently better more carefully earlier

than Kate does.

are shown.

of all.

than Babe.

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102

:

3. My uncle, who is twenty

comma

-

two, also came.

colon

103

Charlotte’s Web is my favorite book.

14. Charlotte’s Web is my favorite book.

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

A young orphan takes in a stray dog in the play Annie.

13. A young orphan takes in a stray dog in the play Annie.

Have you seen the movie 101 Dalmatians?

12. Have you seen the movie 101 Dalmatians?

My mom thinks the newspaper USA Today is the best newspaper.

11. My mom thinks the newspaper USA Today is the best newspaper.

“Alaska’s Flag” is the title of the state song.

10. Alaska’s Flag is the title of the state song.

John Muir wrote a book called The Story of My Boyhood and Youth.

9. John Muir wrote a book called The Story of My Boyhood and Youth.

Rewrite each sentence. Correctly write each title.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

Alaska.

a camera, my suitcase, and a travel book.

,

Lesson 29

Punctuation

hyphen One day, we took the train to Fairbanks , Alaska. comma hyphen I ate chocolate - covered peanuts on the train. colon I saw these animals from the train : a moose, a bear, and a fox. : 30 P.M. colon The train arrived in the Fairbanks station at 7 comma My trip ended on August 20 , 2006.

2. This is what I took

1. I once visited Anchorage

Complete each sentence by adding a comma, colon, or hyphen. Write comma, colon, or hyphen to identify the punctuation mark you added.

Name

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Paul doesn’t think any animal works better than Babe.

10. Paul doesn’t think no animal works

She plays more quietly than her younger sister does.

than her younger sister does.

Paul Bunyan jumps the highest of all.

8. Paul Bunyan jumps the

I read books more frequently than Kate does.

7. I read books

9. She plays

Lesson 28

Adverbs

COMPARING TWO ACTIONS

Rewrite the sentences. Use adverbs from the chart above. Correct all double negatives. Possible responses

6. early

5. carefully

4. well

3. frequently

2. high

1. quietly

ADVERB

Fill in the chart with the correct forms of each adverb.

Name

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incorrect

incorrect incorrect incorrect

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Lesson 29

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2 Sentence 3

B C

Sentence 2 Sentence 4

B C

Our Great State (Sentence 3)

C

D Ms. Kert (Sentence 4)

Principal Pearson (Sentence 1)

(Sentence 1)

Anchorage Elementary School B

A

3. Which of the following should be underlined?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

2. Which sentence is missing a colon?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence is NOT missing a comma?

105

Sentence 4

Sentence 3

Sentence 1

before Tell

before Tell and after Clark.

before Tell and after perform,

D colon

hyphen

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Grammar Practice Book

quotation mark

B C

comma

A

6. Which is the name of the punctuation mark between the words fourth and grade in Sentence 2?

D after Clark.

C

B

A

5. Where should quotation marks be added in Sentence 2?

D Sentence 5

C

B

A

4. Which sentence has no errors?

(1) “On October 5 2008, there will be a performance at Anchorage Elementary School, said Mr. Pearson, the principal. (2) Tell us what the fourthgrade students will perform, said Mr. Clark. (3) “The students will perform a scene from the play Our Great State” answered Mr. Pearson. (4) “What time does the play start?” asked Ms. Kert. (5) “The play starts at 800 p.m. said the principal.”

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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“You can travel to Juneau, Alaska, only by boat or by plane,” said Zora.

12. You can travel to Juneau, Alaska, only by boat or by plane, said Zora.

Debbie said, “Oil is an important natural resource.”

11. Debbie said, Oil is an important natural resource.

“Alaska has a lot of oil,” said Patik.

10. Alaska has a lot of oil said Patik.

“The state flower is the forget-me-not,” announced Jay.

9. The state flower is the forget-me-not, announced Jay.

Win said, “Alaska became a state on January 3, 1959.”

8. Win said, Alaska became a state on January 3 1959.

“It is the highest point in North America,” said Marvin.

7. It is the highest point in North America said Marvin.

“Have you heard of Mt. McKinley?” asked Yetta.

6. Have you heard of Mt. McKinley? asked Yetta.

Rewrite each sentence. Add quotation marks and commas where they are needed.

5. The largest city is Anchorage, “said Anna.”

4. It’s twice the size of Texas! exclaimed Raoul.

3. Samuel said, “Isn’t Alaska the largest state?

correct

Lesson 29

Punctuation

2. “I know it became the forty-ninth state in 1959,” answered Drea.

1. “What do you know about Alaska? asked Philip.”

If the use of quotation marks is correct, write correct. If the use of quotation marks is incorrect, write incorrect.

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Lesson 29

Punctuation

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106

Lesson 30

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2 Sentence 3

B C

won’t weren’t

B C

be bring

B C

D bristle

begin

A

3. Of which verb is brought (Sentence 3) the past-tense form?

D wasn’t

wouldn’t

A

2. Which is the contraction for the word pair would not in Sentence 2?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence has helping verbs?

107

Sentence 4 Sentence 5

B C

brought (Sentence 3) was (Sentence 4)

B C

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Grammar Practice Book

D said (Sentence 5)

thought (Sentence 2)

A

6. Which verb is the past-tense form of the verb think?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 5

Sentence 4

B C

Sentence 2

A

5. Which sentence incorrectly uses a contraction where there should be a possessive pronoun?

D Sentence 6

Sentence 3

A

possessive pronoun where there should be a contraction?

4. Which sentence incorrectly uses a

(1) Last year Grandma and I moved to a new town. (2) We had thought that we would not know anyone there, but we did! (3) The Pattersons, friends from our old neighborhood, brought us brownies when we moved in. (4) They’re house was next door. (5) Patty Patterson said that we will go to the same school. (6) Its so nice to have friends!

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

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James says, “My dog is the best dog in the world!”

10. James says My dog is the best dog in the world!

Kaia’s mother is thirty-seven years old.

9. Kaia’s mother is thirty seven years old.

Edie sings “This Land is Your Land” with me.

8. Edie sings This Land Is Your Land with me.

He is reading The Mouse and the Motorcycle.

7. He is reading The Mouse and the Motorcycle.

“What are you reading?” asks Fletcher.

6. What are you reading asks Fletcher.

I take three things to the park: my ball, my bat, and my jacket.

5. I take three things to the park my ball my bat and my jacket.

Ernesto says, “The movie Lassie is better.”

4. Ernesto says The movie Lassie is better.

“I like that story a lot,” says Daisy.

3. I like that story a lot says Daisy.

The setting of the story is Salt Lick, Texas.

2. The setting of the story is Salt Lick Texas.

The book Old Yeller is about a dog and a boy.

1. The book Old Yeller is about a dog and a boy.

Rewrite each sentence. Correct any mistakes in punctuation.

Name

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Lesson 30

Grammar–Writing Connection

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

B

C

Sentence 2

Sentence 3

B

C

harder (Sentence 3)

B Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

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© Harcourt • Grade 4

Grammar Practice Book

D Sentence 4

C

A

6. Which sentence compares two actions?

D hopefully (Sentence 6)

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World (Sentence 2)

Shipwreck at the Bottom of the

Shelly King (Sentence 1)

Book Report Fair (Sentence 1)

D Mr. Langley (Sentence 4)

C

B

A

5. Which should be underlined?

B

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Sentence 3

Sentence 2

Sentence 1

D Sentence 4

C

B

A

4. Which sentence is NOT missing one or more quotation marks?

quickly (Sentence 4)

C

ﬁrst (Sentence 1)

A

3. Which is NOT an adverb?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

2. Which sentence has a double negative?

D Sentence 5

Sentence 1

A

1. Which sentence is missing a comma?

(1) First prize for the Book Report Fair goes to Shelly King announced Mr. Langley. (2) “Her report on Shipwreck at the Bottom of the World was the best of all, said Ms. Winston. (3) I think I worked harder than Shelly did,” said Evan. (4) “Come quickly to get your ribbon, Shelly!” called out Mr. Langley. (5) Shelly was not nowhere to be found. (6) “Can I have the prize, then?” Evan asked hopefully.

Read this part of a student’s rough draft. Then answer the questions that follow.

Name

© Harcourt • Grade 4