Thomas Barth, Anke Schüll (Hrsg.) Grid Computing – Konzepte, Anwendungen, Technologien
!
"
#
$ '(
& +
% )
*
% ,...
94 downloads
1446 Views
3MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
Thomas Barth, Anke Schüll (Hrsg.) Grid Computing – Konzepte, Anwendungen, Technologien
!
"
#
$ '(
& +
% )
*
% , #
- ) )
'(
+ '( ) "
)
%.
/! *
) '
+ 01
,
( 4 + ) ) *5 6
)
21* ,
)
3 # %
"
)
4 )
'
7
' 3
) * 5
) )
7 +
& *
-
+
+ % )
8
+
%
* )
/
3
8 7!
)
- ) */
$ 9
)
)
"
+
7!
*-
+ 7!
'
:
) 4
3 '
)
)
9
'
-
$ ' ; ' # )
*5 ! )
< -(
3
%
+ ) 9 '
9
*
.
9
= "
# "
4
3
"
* #
9
) + %
) 3 ) ; 4
+ 3 : * 5
9 "
) + 9
-
'
9
=
+
4
'(
)
+ )
)
:'(
/ <
? 9
.
? .
)
9
>9 '
>
*
)
'
) !
(; > 7 ,
#!
+ % 9
) ? )
@
'
4
+
/
+ )
3 9
A
4 #
+ % )
'
+
) )
)
+ %
.
5
% &
4
%
* ) & )
7! *5 +
)
5
9 !
7 -
4
% ' 4 )
A
*
B1 +
* 5* "
8
) '
74
'
A *
% )
9 % " ) 3 4
>)))*
* .
? * &
+ +
9 8 )
!
4
)*
*
" 4
! %
) 4
&
* 5* "
* '
, %
)
-
5
!.
4 % *
7 -
!
)
9
4
9 % '
&
+ 4 )
3
& + ! 3 )
* -
%
+
) * +
*
%
)4
)
)))
C
* )
/
5 "
/ "
' )
*
%
+ .
/
)
-A *
+
&) /
8% '
!
'
* = !
' ! $
4 * + + )
9 3
+ % )
)
)
+ )
4 %
4
$
* ' $
,
211B +
'
4
E
4
****************** E
E*E
=
E*2 E*F
" '
?**************** E
***************************************** F
)
"******************** 0 6
E*H
************************************************ EH 7 I -
2*2
'
2*F
5
4
3 -
@ 9
2*F*F
+
2*G
+
2*H
+ )
2*B
'
2*J
-
2*K
6
M '
$
***************** EK
****************************************** 21 I
******************************************** 21 $
$ *********************************** 2E
%
*************************************** 2E
********************************************************************** 2G **************************************************************** 2J L
@+
4 $'
"
)
573**** F1 4 +' ***************** FE
+
*********************************** F2
) 5 ) *********************************************************************** FF
# N +
F*E*E
'
I
2*F*2
% ************************** EJ
********************************************************************** EJ
2*F*E
F*E
*********************************** E2
******************************************************** EH
' 2*E
F
&) /
E*G E*B 2
>
>'N+?*********************************************************** FG N 3
F*E*2
& '
F*E*F
$
! 4
@9 O ***************************************************** FG $ ***************************************************** FB !
)
*********************************************** FJ D
F*2
5
)
F*2*E
6
F*2*2
+ ) >
F*2*F F*F
5 5 5
'
F*F*2
5
#
F*F*F
'
F*F*G
'(
********************************************* GK
)
/(
*********************** G0
,'
C$ 7 ************************* HE
******************************************** H2 ******************************************************************* HK
F*G
+
********************************************************* HK
7
******************************************************** H0
-
@"
G*E
"
"
******* BG
******************************************************************** BG $ 3 L
G*2*E G*2*2
****************************************************************** BB $
-
3 L
******************************************* BJ ************************************************************** BK
G*2*2*E
3 L
******************************* BK
G*2*2*2
3 L
********************** J1
G*F
"
"
G*F*E
***************************************** J2 +
$(
G*F*2 '
+
G*G
-A
3 3
******************** JG
*************************************************** JB "
G*H G*B
************************************************ J2
+
G*F*F
"
+
************** JJ
****************************************************** J0
********************************************************************** K1
H
(
3
******************** KH
H*E
O *************************************************************** KH
H*2
******************************** KB
H*F
$
H*G
'
H*G*E D
******************* G2
9 ?************************************ GH
)
)
G
********* G1
*********************************************** GH
#
G*2
)
N
F*F*E
F*H
'
/73' $
********************** KJ '
) **************** KK ************************************** KK
H*G*2 H*H
'
'
3 L
***************************************************** K0
****************************************************************** 0E
H*H*E
5
H*H*2
# )
***************************************************************** 0E
H*H*F
'
****************************************************************** 02
H*H*G
'
H*B
************************************************************************* 0E )
(
3 L
************************************* 0F
************************************************************************** 0F
H*B*E
'(
************************************************************** 0F
H*B*2*
/
'
******************* 0G
H*B*F* H*B*G
'
H*J H*K
'
********************************************** 0G
)
*********************************************** 0H ********************************************************************** 0H
3
********************************************************************** 0B
B
'( B*E
( *********************************** 0K
******************************************************************** 00
B*E*E
'(
(****************************************************** 00
B*E*2
'(
$
************************************************** E1E
'(
"
************************************************* E12
B*E*F B*E*G
"
5
B*2
*********************************************************** E1B
B*2*E
&
3
B*2*2 B*F
EF
B*F*2
/
B*F*F
#
B*F*G N
-
A+
(
'
B*G*2
"
****************************************** EEE
'
(+
$
A+
********************** EEE
*************************** EE2
******************************** EEF
(
( -A
-A
5 3
****************** EEG *************************** EEB -A
' "
(
(
-
'
B*G*E
**** E1B
***************************************** E1K
" '
B*F*H
3
5
B*F*E
B*G
( ************************************* E1G
(+ $
(
*********** EEJ ********************** EEJ
************************************* EE0 D
B*G*F
-A
B*G*G
"
B*G*H
$
***************************************************** E21 '
**************************************************** E2E ******************************************** E2F
B*H B*B
******************************************************************** E2H 3
******************************************************************** E2B
J
' J*E
'
J*2
'
4 . 4
$
******* EFJ
A ************************************************* EGE
J*G
6
******************************************************** EG2
J*H
7
****************************************************** EGF
'
N
+ /
K*E K*2
******************************************* EGG
****************************************************************** EGG $
+ /
K*F
********************************************************* EGB ******************************************************************** EGJ
K*F*E
#
K*F*2
#
C'
K*F*F
'
5
(
K*F*G
'
'
(***************************************************** EG0
K*F*H
'
$
********************************************************* EH1
K*G
****************************************** EGJ
3
5
(************************************* EGK +
************* EG0
************************************************************ EHE
K*H
'
K*H*E
2
N
+ /
** EHG
************************************************* EHG
K*H*2
#
5
K*H*F
'
( **************************************************** EHJ
K*H*G
'
K*H*H
'
5
(
K*H*B
'
'
(***************************************************** EB0
K*H*J
'
$
********************************************************* EJ0
5
( ************************************************* EH0 ************************************************ EB1
K*B
D
*********** EFG *************************** EFH
-
J*F
K
.
+
************* EBG
****************************************************************** EKJ
K*J
+
K*K
3
)
****************************************************** EKK ******************************************************************** EKK
0
" +
5
5 ' N ************************************************************************* E0F
0*E
****************************************************************** E0F
0*2
3
************************************************************ E0B
0*2*E
'
0*2*2
"
0*F
N
*********************** E0B
5
+
*********************************** E0B
"5+ "
@+ +
0*F*E
"7 ( @
0*F*2
'" 7 ( @
0*F*F 0*F*G 0*G
7 ( @
****** E0K
) ************************************ E0K '
5
'
'
*************************** E00 *********** 21E
**************************************** 21F
+ "5+ +
0*G*E
-A
' N **************************************************************** 21F
'" 7 ( @
0*G*2
7 ( @,
0*H
**************************************** 21F +
***************************** 21J
************************************************************** 2E1
0*B
+
0*J
3
)
****************************************************** 2E1 ******************************************************************** 2EE
A******************************************************************************************** 2EF
D
* 5 * $* -(
&
%
( >
*5* *
&
7
?
% "
" '(
5
*
*$ *
&
% "
" '(
*5
* 5 * +*
&* /
5
$ '( .
P
+
*
* "* 5* /
& 7
*5
* 5 * ,* ,
+
-*
'
7
& 7
5 * 5* #
& 7
3
>4
/
"5
?
% ' 4 '
"
-'' * * +
% ' 4 '
"
% 9 % 4 4
>$/? ) )
5
*"
9* #!
& 7
% ' 4 '
"
5
*
* -* <
& 7
% ' 4 '
"
/* ,* 3
9
'(
Q
$
(
"5
D
5
*9
*&
* "* 3
&
% >
* 5 * "* 3
(
7
&
? % '
4 /! /! >/73'?
' $ * 34
"
"* '
-
"
&
" 5
% "
" '(
5
*
*
*'
&
% >
5 * 5*
& 7
5
*
* +*
*5*
5
*
*5*
/* "*
D
& 7 *
&
(
7
?
% 9 % 4 4
>$/? ) )
% ' 4 '
7
% 9 % 4 4
* "*
&
% '
*
& 7
% ' 4 '
$
5 "5
"
>$/? ) ) 7
4 '
"
'(
Q
$
(
!" #$ % 5
"& %
'
"
! #
/ 9 &
$ /
&)
'
+ " 3'CB111
&) / 8 4 9
* &) + %
'
$
+ *+
)
"
8%
4 6 )
)
5
*
)*
+
$ 4
;?
8 '
@
I @" *+ #
) /
:
>: :7 ;
) ;
' 4
'
' # +
% )
-
*
#() )
I
" *
'
I ) . )
* 5
9 ) + * "
E
E
4 ' 5
)
-
)
9 4 *
% 4 2112 211B >)))* B*
B* 3 ' 4
? E2H "
$ -
* 5
)
4
)
% !
' 3
*&
)
8
3 +
4
+ ) * 5
!
3 )
O 5
4
%
*
-
) @7 ) */ @ " ' &
:7 2111 ' 5
' "
:
*'
) 4 ( 5+'+ +
E00J
;
>)))* * (; >7' RES? " ( >)))* * ? : ) ; :' ; R2S *
#
"
E002 7
' ) &
# ' >)))* * 5
)
4 4
? , $
% @ * * - ) E1T
? )
#
#
7'
* " / '
"
) 4 ) * 5 9 # ) ' ) 4 ) * )% ) 7' , 4 # 4 ) * N % . 4 7' . + 3 * 5 + ) . % 3 4 3 ) ,
2
%
9 5 *
E*2
" -
+ )
4
' %
I
,
I 4
+ 3
*
-. "
9
4
" 3
!
'
3 )
* ' & *
"
3
+
3
4
* >
%
*
6 7' ?
) 8
+
5
)
> #
)
U
+
* " +
' ( ) ( ?
4
" .4 +D
8 8
'
4 +
)
8 (
4
)
$ )
>
' (
8
# + ) 8 ' )
3 "
* RFS?* / -
*
F
E
4 Grid Project at Magna Steyr, Graz
Splitting Strategy “SplitIntoBlocks” for an input with one group (“All against all”), subjobs limited to m parts. a b c d e f g h i
a b c d e f g h i
j k
j k
a b c d e f g h i j k
a b c d e f g h i j k Input 1 job (.ft5) 1 group, „All against all“, n parts m is maximum number of parts in a subjob Example: n=11, parts a,...,k, m=4
Job 1: Group against group, {a,b} – {k}, 3 parts
Job „All against all“ {i,...,k}, 3 parts
Output „SplitIntoBlocks“: b:= n/m jobs „All against all“ along the diagonal 2(b*(b-1)) jobs “Group against group” for upper right matrix Each job uses < m parts Example: b=3, 3 jobs “All against all”, 12 jobs “Groups against group”, overall 15 jobs © Copyright IBM Corporation 2004
3
- )
4
" .4
% E?* -
( )
= =
> * + -
'(
* 5
+ 3 * 5
+
)
* 5 5
+5C +- '(
8
>)))* / )
5
*
" .4
+$ +
-
5 - %
!. A
?
(
' ) *
/ +
)
" .4
(
(
' + )
( G
'
)
'
+ 6
*
E*2
" "
+
>
4
= !
( -
+
4
4
)
6 ;?*
"
5
) " .4 ) + ( ) *'
)
)
? !
*5
)%
4
>:
+ ( " $ !
5 '( "
) )
4
7 7 4
)
+ 4
)
* '
"
9 3
7
!
4 "
4 ' )
% ) - )
% '( '( '
>
) 4
8
) - ) > )
'? 8
* RGS?* & " ' ( ' + +
& ) 3
* 5 '(
+ - ) ) +
&
3
+
- ) ) ! ) ) )
& 5
# - ) 9 '(
'( %
'( 5
)
4
* 6 '
'(
* ) )
% )
'(
* 5 7
) -
+ '(
' )
%
' +
* 3 U
" '
)
' ( + )
'
" )
*
4 H
E
4 6 '
)
/
V3 $ W
>
'
8 V 4 V + )
" ) -
" >)))*
V )
4 $ * ' - )
) " 5 ( ) '( ) * ?
" 7
3 6
5 &
% ' ?*
)
%.
" / ' "' *' ) ! *5 '
)
! /
8 * / 6
)
!
9 "' *' ) + :' ; >)))* ) )
)
A
*5 * ? RHS*
5 7! + ) 9 A ) " 4 > * RB JS 4 ) - % 4 ) * 5 3 4 ' 4 ) 9 ! . ' N V' >'5"?
- ) -&
" ) %
B
8 3
)
*+ ' ( 5 25
%
'
4
) "< ' ?
'( %
3 %
'( * 5
) 6
4 ' * 5
5 %
"
V
N )
)
*
5
7!
A
8 ' 5 )
B
8 L 5
'
6 +
6
%
! 5
* -
)
*5
E*2
" ) 9
)
& '(
5
A
%
+ )
% %
!. !
5
< -
5
3 * / ' )
N
* &* '-+$ )
@ ; + )
* #
%
- ) ;
)% *
!
"
* $ )
"' *'
6 7 +&5 + 5 *
(X
)
( )
)
( X* #
' '
'
> ''?
$
# $
) * '
' 3
' 3
;
)
9
% '
* " %
)
-
4 */
+
A
7! .
)% 4
+ ?
4
-
* > +-? > * RKS 4 +
)
7 9
'(
'( )
" * * : 5
*' '(
)
*
9 7 ' "
' %
+ -
4 EH11
&
) *
/ (
/(
*
J
E
4 5
/
/( 7!
/ !
4 /
) )
)
!
* 5
4 7 7 *5
%
* 5 ) '(
4 !
'( 3 9
7
E*H11 " A *5
*
5
4
% '( )
U % 5
)
*
$
'
7 )
8
''
% *
'(
4
) !
- )
+ % )
/
7
A
A
E111 '
%
'(
9
%
4 4
&
) )
+
* 4
/ $*5
> "$ ) '( "
' *N > * R0S 4 ) 8 ?* / ) " $ RE1S? = ) ) ) "!
7 9
4
" (
7
4 )4 5 '(
. #
'
K*E?* 5 9
) "! '(
K
A >' '- 7 A A '( ) *
)
!
* '
A '( )
(
A
E*F '
)
" !
(
"
9
%
)
* *
) + )
'(
>
>
%
3
?
? 9 )
)
* )
9
) / )
'
) * ' )%
) '
)
$
A 4 3 '
! 7 -
* -
' * N )
+
)
/
) )
7 7!
)
4 '
%* 5
)
4
*' *N
% 7!
'( $
" 5
6 3
7!
(
' *
)
7
(
4
) )
%
)
'
4
/
7
*
0
) -. + )
"
3 # ' + )
3 /
$ '(
4 7
"
4 4 * ,
'
*5 4 7 ) * "
.
/ ) -
# +
'' )
)
9 5
4
( '
7
, +
+ )
% ?
> '
* 4
, * 6
4 )
+
E11 "
, 4 0
E
4 9 + )
9
'(
* / +
+ ) - ) %
* 5 + ) "
)
4
'
* Grid Computing
Analytics Acceleration Grid – Scale Up/Out
The Portal submits jobs to appropriate Grid Manager (as defined for job) using OGSI interface layer The Grid Manager manages job tasks across dynamically defined resources The Federator federates relational input data The File System provides access to data The Provisioner can add to or remove from the manager’s set of resources, provisioning them with the appropriate application software and Grid middleware
.
&
) +
/!
.
A
) $
)
% 4
!
*
' + )
& '
/
' ) '
E1
*
> '3 *
RE2S?
+
' 3 >)))*
*
?
E*F '
)
" " 9 '(
4
8
>:'(
;? * "
+
9
V+
7
(
+
V
& )
7
7
4
)
* 5 '(
A >: +
;
:
;
?
'(
+
4 3
*
&3
)
"
!
) 3
-
*' )
%
6
+
)
'( W '
( -
)
+ ) 4
* . & / N A + ) 4 V )
!
3
3 '( '( /
( "
+
) * -
+ )
+
8 ) *
V 4
.
* ># ) ? '( )
3 '(
*
EE
E
4
Grid Computing
Grid Market Dynamics Internet & Linux patterns are re-occuring… Phase 3
2002 - 2004 “Grid Adoption reaches commercial enterprises”
Phase 2 1999 - 2001 “Grid Gains Traction and Standards Work Begins”
Billing and metering, strong license management and network optimization functions complete the grid architecture
GGF boasts members from the major US IT vendors
GGF is founded Scheduling and resource management functionality emerges
Teragrid is launched
Many application vendors incorporate grid technology into their products
Application vendors begin grid-enabling their products
Globus Toolbox 1.0 is released
Academic environments begin to adopt grid technology
Basic job deployment functionality is built
Grid standards solidify and are widely endorsed
OGSA 2.0 is announced
Phase 1 1990 -1998 “Grid is Born from Distributed Supercomputing”
Scientific community begins to adopt grids
Phase 4
2005 - 2008 “Grids become an integral part of computing environments”
Information virtualization, automated provisioning and workload management capabilities enhance grids
Grid adoption extends across enterprise architectures
Lines of Business within commercial enterprises adopt grid technology
Page 1
! 6 *#
) 4 A
) !
*F
5
+ '
'( $5
+ )
$
*
# + / 7! 9
E2
+ )
*
) '( %
1
7
(
4 +
' $
2 & *5 @
7!
E*G
6 E* 5 9
) "
)
)
A
*
2* ,
) $'
4
-
3 3 + )
W
3
+ '
4 7!
)
* F* &
)
7!
) +
+
& 9
A
(
+
!. > *+
* 2?* 3
& +
)
4 * +
% ) ' 4 )
' "
+ )
+
'
) &
+ , # )
) *
@
3
3 * - )
6)
'(
)
# ) )
) '(
3
) ) * = ) 9 3
* #
A +
@
4
9
+ )
!
* > * * * REFS?
3
9 (
3
6 6
%. * 5 )
+
3 ( > * * * REFS?
! +
EF
E
4 . 4
* + %
#
) ) "
3
* , )
9
'( % 3
& 9
3 * /
4 ,
3 7
:
6
%
; 3 ) !
9 + -
'
9
)
)
*
) 4 :
5 ; 3
5
A 4 7! " !
3
4 ,
)
'( 5 ' )
#
)
6
5
)
*
6 %.
:
'
9 +
%
+
6 , ;
+ )
* = )%
&
) ) * > ' REGS? * 5 *5 ) 5
3 %. *
)
+
+
4
$
6 ) ;
) * ' )
3
+
'
'
' + :
* 3
9
%
-) / *%*
9 *
EG
'( #
5
8 )
6
E*B 7 "
)
+
+
4
9
%
) '
6 9
)
!
%
*
!
) '(
4
4
)
*
3 $
9
"
* 5 $ 5 A
' + 4 :
+
(
) A
;
* 5 + )
+ @ 3
.
'( )
' 4 *
7 +
5 + )
+ V
' 4
-
" V REHS
,
)
+
+ ) % '
>
% + '
? )
-
* '
"
* %
$
$3
4
+ )
) *
%
*
5 RES
R2S
'* 6
*$* 211G
* 7' @ 7 ( * N *
@ C 7 + (
AC+6 " C C) EE*E1*211H?
RFS
@CC))) H* * 1G1FFEY E* >+
E002*
3* 211G > C C
N* / @CC)))* C#E -
C C J*E1*211H?
#E '& *
C B*
>+ C211GC
EH
E
4 RGS
@CC))) H* * 1G10EJY 2* >+
RHS
,* 3
C C J*E1*211H?
* 5 5 ? 3 @CC)))* * $C' "5+$Y 5*EE*E*EY
RBS >+ RJS
* *
@CC)))* * C E2*E1*211H?
* '
* 7* 9 +5 $
R0S >+ RE1S
)
3* ' ( C
RE2S 9* 3
(C 8
) ) C) )
*F* +* N
REGS
*'
C
* C >+
C
" Z
C Y E2EB* C
*3
5* ' A + I / ) ( @CC)))* * C EC >+ EE*E1*211H? * E*1 C >+
* I9 211G
(
* $ @CC))) E2K* (C C) EE*E1*211H? I
+ )
C
*
' C
I
'@ + ' 5 '( @ * E * > +'$? 2K*C20*E*12 " (C +
$
@CC))) 1F* C
Y
) C C J*E1*211H?
)
3* / '
C C Y 5-C O Q 'Y $+ $Z Q 'Y I "
5* ) C)
$'
2C
E00J*
7
EB
C
5
@CC))) E* * C J*E1*211H?
REES 3*
REHS
C
/
@CC))) F1B*
C211GC
'+"5 >' "5+$ + " & C C C C' "5+ >+ EE*E1*211H?
@CC)))* * C ) C C E1B121 KJG2230E* >+ J*E1*211H?
RKS
REFS
C
*
C *
C >+
C C J*E1*211H?
,
0
6 %
5 -
7
$
* 8
$
' 4 8 6
* 6 8 )
!
N 3
N *
!
5 A 5
3 <
)
* 5
% %
8 +
-
4
%
4 ' $
*
)
'
*
) %
4
$ '
9 - )
'
%
6 ' )
,
8
*
$
"
*
8 5
+
%
"
"
$ >$ ? ) * '
$ [ \
A +
4
EJ
2
'
I
3 \ - )
\
%
)
7 +
)
,
-
%
)4 "!
$ ) L
6
)
* / \
\* 7
4 - )
$
4
/
6 ) 4 '
-
'
4
* [ \ 4 '
" )
) +A $
4 -
%* 4
7! %
)
% %
5 *
U
* ' ) $
" -A
' -
*9 )
"!
)
' %
4
+
'
)
L )
) 5
6
'
*
-
" $ 4 *# 4
%
4 3 "
4
$
5
4
* +
6)
' ) 3
8
&
!
$
)
* 5
4
% )
*
,,
0 &
- ) )
EK
8
$ 7
0 / A
# ! (
2*2
'
-
'
!
6
%
4
7 6
*7
4
)
(
4 $
% 7
5 %
$
* + % <
4
+ %
<
A
%
4
* 5
A
%
( $ 7
% 4
%
)
'(
(
3
)
) +
)
< '( 9
)* + A
%
7
'(
-
?
*
)
)
* + >'
<
)
% )
* '
'(
9
-
'7+
9 5
*
)%
% +
%
*
) -
A
3 7
'(
* )
)
+ */
'(
!
9
3
L
+ ) 7
+
# ?)
)% >' *
3
% &
$ 7 ' 7!
) 9 #
A
) 9
) *5
+ 8
3 ?* "
N
*5 '
4 A 4
>7
E0
2
'
I
3 N
%
* 5
*&* >
)4 '
9
"
? 9 ) '
4 )
> 5 N
(? 5
* 4
# $ '
) * 4
6 )
5
- % $ ! A 5 )
!
8 *-
6 % )
,/
9 -
:
,/
*
#&
6 ' )6 5
) ' * 5
4
) *5
4
4
6 $ 7 #
+ * E0B0
A
6
5
$ )
E001
% )
* &
' @
• 5
# 5
)
%
4
5
* • 5
> )
)
?
6 $
**
• 5
) +
21
3
*-
)
6
2*F 5
@
$ $
* 5 9
3 ' $ 4
'
*
* 9
&
#
3
+ % % * 6
$
% 6 -
6 )
4
#
3
#
4
)
3
)
) %
% +
)
* )
- ) )
*
(
- ) 5
*
&
)
5 )
+ ) 4
; 5 3
L
% )
,/,
3
5
)
) 7!
8 )
4
)
4
*5
5 *
,//
7 • 6
3 3
%
3
+ ) 4
& * 5
# 3
> * * + %
N 4
. ?
7
7! 3
-A
5
*
!
*
• +
5 5
* *
# + 5 4 2E
2
'
I
3
8
%
' *5
! 5 9
5
* * 8
& 4
5
% *
5
(
) *
'( • 5 N
' %
)
+ 6
' * 6
% N
4
#
3
+
4
)
#
*
4
! + N
)
+ +
4 5
+ A
$ * N )
'
+
+ )
'
% '
'
" 8 &# N3- >&
) 3
+ &
? 7!
*
• -
4
-
4
+ * -
3 )
3
3
#
3 *5
#
3 %
4
-
3 )
* N )
&
@+ '( )
+ 3 9 3
5 '
)
) ) '
22
* ,
3
'
+ & ! >
*N
* '
4
) 3
?*
2*F 5
@
$ • -
'
$ 9
3 *9
' 3 8
3
& )
'
(
) 3 # *5
4 3 4
4
) 4
# +
>
* ?* )
)
+
/
'
* E
'
) >
*
A '
# )%
3 ) '
'
(
3 9
% )
3 ?*
Resource-Providers
Grid-Provider
"
#
Grid-Infrastructure - Transport Infrastructure - AAA - Functionality +Compute-Grid +Data-Grid +Access-Grid
dynamic, seamless, transparent
Grid-User
Provider Resources - Compute Provider Resources - Data - Compute - Applications - Data - Services - Applications Resource-Information - Services Resource-Information
dynamic, secure
Corporate Resources - Compute - Data - Applications - Services Resource-Information
Workflow Billing Brokerage Integration SLAs Service-Provider Grid Service-Provider
$ #
2F
2
'
I
3 %
%
- ) 5
) - ) "
' A )
3 '
+ )
# * #
4
7
( )
!
*+
%
# # - ) ) 4 ! *
)
)
* / )
$
"
3 &
&
(
,1 &
#
)
4
) )
& 4 )
% * $
!
%
)
* 5
4 4
)
& 4
& !
+
* 9
*
A
& )
' '
)
9 * 5 N 9
'
+ "
!
2G
4 $
+ * / >N '+?* 3 4
A *
2*G +
6. Application Grid-Services 5. OGSA compliant System Grid-Services - Workflow, e.g. BPEL4WS - Choreography - Accounting & Billing
- Federation - Brokerage - e.g.: Globus Toolkit 4, UNICORE/GS
4. Key OGSA-Services - Discovery
- Registration
3. Permeating Principles and Policies - Message-Passing between Services - Service-Management Framework
-Security - Transport-Mechanisms
2. Resources and Virtualisation - WSDL - Notification
- WSRF
1. Hosting- Environments
# 5
%
N '+ "
'
*
• 5
4 "
) '
)
%
+ )
* & N
5 4
8 A
#
#
&
-
7
4 4
'
' )
*
+ '
4
4
) +
* 5 ! '
5
7
' > '57?
' ' '
+ -
* # )
/
5
(
2H
2
'
I
3
%
&55 >&
5
5 # # +
* / + 4
*5 '(
(
? + ' )
N
) '(
+ ) 9
) D"7 ? ?
>
9 'N+
)
'
>' 3
# #
* 5 4 +
N 8 *
7
@ 3 * 5
'( *
'
%
)
*
Service Broker W SD L
k lin
h lis L b pu WSD
se
SO arc AP h
bind
Service Provider
Service Requestor
SOAP
invoke & '
&
&
(
"
• '
+ & )
'
N 8
'
$ 5
)
*
@ o
5
+
# '
*
+
'
+
+ )
+ 2B
)
*
2*H + ) 5
o
+
% !
+
-
FH
*
N '+ "
)
' (
A
'
'
?
9
>&
*
,3 5
-
4
'
4
%
)
7 4
-
* 5 - )
4 )
+
%
-
)
!
)
*+ *&*
4
* •
'
'
5 #
+ 3
' N
'
*
7!
* * )
3
4
+
N 3
3 )
'
)
) 4
)
/
'
N 4
)
*
# > * * / ! *# 4 %
6
3 ?
) \
\
4
6 * +
!
! 3 4 + )
'
3
&
8
)
" *
•
' 5
+
) )
>'
(?
)
4
'
) +
+
>'
(? 2J
2
'
I
3
%
>
(?* 5
-
3
&
) .
!
)
' &
%
)%
* 5 *
' #
4
' )
3
*
>'
"
?
8
&
3
8
4 )
#
4 >+ ?* ' # ) >$ ?*
( (
& */
5 A
) A )
* N
'
)
4
'
%
*
)
5
' &
%
*
N 4
'
' #
4
* •
7 5
4 '
% 9 */ ) "
2K
#
)
+ )
+ 7 4 ) ) 4 + >+' 2?*
! '
% * * '
" )
# '
)
# + )
2*H + ) • &
7
' 8
!
3 * 5
' #
)
(
'
% %
3 3
+
>< 4
)4
*5 ) N ? )
'( ) >' #
#
+
* -
# !
"
8
& ) •
8
)
9
"
*
' ) - ) ?
>N
?
% $
% %
'
N
)
) !
*
6
' *#
% 9
+
%
9 9
4
% #
%
9
#
)
*
$ '
%
)
- )
* 7
)
-
!.
'
*
) *5
% '
+ $
4 4
" ' 9 4
' % -
$ ' '
) ) ' * -
&
(
4
* ' 4
'
) "
) * 20
2
'
I
3 5 N
5
%
4
# $ '
5
) * 4
=
6 ) 8
' *-
6
%
,4
0
)
< :8
#
�
& )
95% '
3
,
3
* 5 + >-& '$ B? " ? ) 573 >5 8 '
8 )
) )
! 6
>5 * 4 4 7
3 %
)
? '
" )
%
- )
) )
*
)
3
'
*
SAP R/3
DB (SQL, Oracle,…)
Exchange
Web-Applications
…
SPS
UNICORE
BizTalk
…
Meta Directory (CoMet)
) * + , $ #
.
0
#
)
- )
4
)
% %
' 8
% F1
)
) *+
- ) 9
)
2*J -
"
)
4 +' + ) ) %
'(
! #
)
) 6
*5 4
A
3
) .
+
)
* 3 )
8 %
573 * *
'
N
+
>'N+?
'
* $ "
5
'
+
* -
) % '(
! ) 6
3 +
4 "
&# N3- >& * 5 + " ( & + * G?*
,=
( * ) 4 *5 8
4 -&
)
%
' 3 )
+
&
3
? 573
'N+ 9 " >
8 .
"
(? > *
0>
4 $ 5
#
*5 ' + ) 4
'
+
*
)
" ! + ) 9
& - )
+ #
7 7
! * )
9
)
3 $ '(
-& * '
!
8
$ %
* -
'
" )
'
*
) )
4
3
'
-
+ )
+
) '
+
-
)
)
" + )
* 5
FE
2
'
I
3
% 4
3
#
)
'
+
4
* CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
Technical Support Support Technical
ISVs and / or other Application Providers like Research Institutes • Applications • Application Support • Sales & Marketing • Administration Infrastructure Infrastructurebased basedon on UNICORE/ UNICORE/GS GS
Administration Administration
Computational Computational and andNetworking NetworkingResources Resources
-
,?
.
&
#
2
$ #
# &+
)
&
$ *6 * 5
) 5
5( )
)
'
!.
6 4
+
#
%
) ) %
8 ) * + )
9 ) *5
6
'
) *
+
A
A
-
)
)
- )
+ ) )
+ )
3 %
+
8
- ) % %
) .
3
3 4
F2
Presales, Presales, Sales Sales & & Marketing Marketing Support Support
*
! #
)
4
/
@ 9 0 & 8B
#A ". %
5 5
' 0
)
$5 )*
)
9 A
%
N
+
*
3
) 9
* 5
% 5
)
4
9
+
+ )
4
+ ) A
*I !
% + %
!
I + "
* "
' #
) + 5( #
)
)
% 9
*
FF
F
/
M
)
5
)
'
#
C# *0C + 5
&
'
" ( ' ) >:
, 5 %
"
/ 9
;?
$ * 5
N
>N5 ?
& * N * 4 6
) & 5
9 5 $ % * 6) : (
) ! 3 '
A 3 ) ( 8
+ & )
/
6%
; $5 %
*
& RE 2 FS* N + .
* 6
3
(
+ )
3 ) &
4
4
* ' * * 9
* 5
( )
'(
N
%
7
9
4
RGS* + . 9 %
&
5
! *'
N5
" )
4
4
'
*
N
*
/
C#
:;
+
%
)
> 9$
%$* 4
-
&
) 9
) FG
?
4 +
4 4
E
'
9 9
D
)
* 5
)
)
)*
+ )
F*E N
+
>'N+?
+ ) >9"&? 9 ) % *+ ' ) !
) %
& $ #
+ )
L
*
A
7 9
%
#
5
*/
3 A
* +
4
%
8
&
+ %
9
!
)
9
-
4
*+
+
)*
'
5 ) )
#
4
" +
%
7 4
*
I * *
I
+ * -
.
! -
9 .
:
) */ +
; 3
"
!
* N
+
)
* 5
!
# 4
8 "
)
RHS* 6
+
( )
%
4 )
4
"%
5
)
)
$
" + 4
$
) *+ 8
$
( >
9 "% ! )
RBS " 5
? N5
* 3 ? > !
*
8 FH
F
M
)
5
)
'
#
N +
(
9
/ ,
-
*
&
0
N
% * 5 %
9
9
" " .
% 7 ) *5
+
$ $
A
* 5 ) )
4
# 9
-
'
% -A 7
4 ) 7
' )
/!
" +
*
*
% '
% )
'
*
% 8 -
)
)
* 5 '
%
+
)
* 5
>'N+?
' '
#
5 %
5 5
#
!
* 5
)
#
5 )
+ )
9
)
+ 'N+ )
5
* '
8 ) >N3
L '
5 N"
# ?
N 8
3 RJS*
N3 + '
, )
6 " (
'
'N+ * 5 5
'N+
'
%
( $
+ '57 >
5 ? RKS *6 ?
D"7 &55 >& '
FB
R0S*
5
5 5
7 9 5
' )
)
@ 4 '
5
(
F*E N
+ 'N+
RE1S ) + )
# # /4 ) !
' !
* ' + )
(
4
' '
,
>'N+?
)
) + 9
) + )
211G
' 3 '
' 3 ) '#
5 )
!
*
W
* 5
REE E2S* -
'3
7
'
6
4
W
'3
5
% '3 %
)
'
: X
%
% +
4
#
#
$ & * 5
$ )
* -)
7 )
) 5
>
? 5 )%
'N+
)
+
+
5
) 5 %
7 )
'N+
*
) )
&
7
%
%
%
'N+
)
+
4
*
D L
*
8
)
)
6
* 5 4 * " % $
)
)*
3
RE2S*
'N+
)
' '
-) #
4 3
*
" /
' > '3 ?
) '
'#
/ /
) 4
6
'
5
* /
7
% !
FJ
F
M
)
5
)
"
* 5
'
#
!
!.
" 6
* 9
•
!
+
* *
+
9
%
5 •
5
W
) 6 ) )
'
5 3
•
+
)
5
"
)
9
*
" 4
4
4 !
)
+
4
)
W
+
%
9
)
! 5 +
+ ) #
! )* 5
9
3 ) 3
9 4 $ #
3 =
) *# >3-'$? ) 7
? ! !
= 4
*-
/ >+
'
#
!
)*
9 *
9 9 @-
#
% 5 )
'(
)
+ !
!.
) '(
+
4 # !
)
% %
7
9
' % +
'
)
'
+
*
*E !
9
(
" -
* # 9
*
3
) 4 -
-
FK
W
'(
* 9! "
*5
4
5
A
>3-'$?
3
! +
$
9
*
F*E N
+ 5
4
>'N+?
%
6 +
% * 6 %
+
+
5
) * '
4 /
L
)
+
* 3
) '
)
4
' * -
" )
4
3
'(
*
5
!
+
#
+
9 4
9 )
!. /
) * 5
! N
L
+
+
) (
L )
" * 4 )
5
) "
L .
!
9
* Nutzen Ertrag
Aufwand Versicherung/ Risiko Standardabweichung der Werte
Dienstentfernung
Dienstzugangszeit
Verhandlungszeit
bedarfsgerechte Verfügbarkeit
Infrastrukturkosten Benötigte Bandbreite Nachrichten
Erfolgsrate der Zuweisung # Anfragen
# Nachrichten
# Akzepte
/
'
# Hops
Nachrichtengröße
! F0
F
/,
M
)
5
)
'
#
9
0 .
A
5
+
4
)
-
,
+ *
.
3
+
+ )
3
5 REB EJS
#
) '
)
4 4 I " . 5 3 ! %
A
+ * #
5 REF EG EHS 5 ) 9 *5
5 %
4 #
* * REGS + 4 !. % + )
3 I)
)
4 REBS
REJS
* 5
*
' + )
4
) 4
' -
)*
'
) )
4
" -
*
+ )
5
5 21S* -
#
A 5
)
9 % 3
4 # 7!
# 4
A %
*
@
• 5 3
#
)* # @ +
)
#
4
5 + 5
4
)*
'
+
(
) -
. #
)
+ / "
4 REK E0
!
'
4 ) + )
A 5 + 4 #
) 5 *
)
5( ) 4
G1
'(
> * * %
5 8 ?* +
* 5 4
) N -
5
* -
F*2 5
)
' %
'
# ) # + % N ' 3
) 4
* -A R2ES 5]#+"N R2FS* • 5
+
4
5 8 )
5
! ) N
@
-A #
! 5
) 4 6
+
*
>5 )
5
3 " R22S
D)
?* & 5 * 5
+ ) #
5 6
" $
• 5
/
5 # R2G 2HS*
>5/$? +
) / 4
+ )
/
@+
5 )* )%
) 5
7 #
3
5 %
*
5
$ $
.
* *5
) #
'( + ) C 4
5
* 4 R22S I
N
3 + %
I
*
) 5
) 3
6
% +
+ ) *
GE
F
/,
M
)
5
2
)
'
9
-
#
#
(
3
5
)
) * 5 #
3 4
+
5
* 5
7
!
+
)
) * 5
+
>#
+
? +
#
%
+
4
! * 5
5
)* 9
6
* 5
) 4
6 ) 5
+
I )*
I * 5
+
#
9
+
%
2
9 *
*+
*
R22 2BS* 3
*,
+ 4
#
4
#
) 3
)
)
+ % *5 :3 L 3
%. #
+
3 +
X -
* 5 *5
3 4
9
) 3
* 6 +
#
) L
'
#
*# * 6 %
%
+ )
6 )
5 4
) +
)
3 4
*
G2
R2J 2KS* 5 * 5 ) %
3 ) +
* # +
+
4 8
'
! 6 )
/ +
$
6 R20 EJ EGS*
F*2 5
)
'
Suchnachrichten Dienstübertragung
Peer Peer
Resource broker
Peer
Peer
Peer
& '
)
&
#
.
Suchnachrichten Dienstübertragung
Peer
Peer Peer Peer
Request Initiator
&
Peer
'
)
&
#
.
# #
+ 4
)
)
/
%
+ 4
+ +
! +
%
)* / )* +
GF
F
M
)
5
)
'
9
# 7
*5
)
#
6 ) +
N
%
)%
!
4
* &
) 4
%
3 4
3 * 5
-
+ 7 4 '(
*
) 4
' R2KS* 6 )
8 4
@
• -
-
9 #
* #
) )* + 8 W + + % 5
) 6 %
/ #
6 % %
( # RF1S RFES
%.
* 5( +
! 9
)
%
• -
)
%
&
* -
9 6
* 5
4 ) 6
#
)
)
)* # *
3 # #
' 5
. 7
-
4
4
#
*
5
* • 5 +
9 # 9 !
*5 # )
4
5
4
) * '
!. + )
) )
GG
)
+ )
'( 9
F*2 5
)
' )
)
)
9 7
/,,
9 9
)
%
'(
;
+ RF2S*
*
+
-
+
3 "
) * $(
3
#
4
RFFS
* #
)
5
@#
)
# # +
*'
$
'
+ ) 5
RE0S* = ) < (/ 6)
.
#
*+
' + >5/$?
) # )
# *
)
( 5 *5 '
9
)
) 4
*F
?
4
5 +
* 5
+
+# > / $ ) +
R2GS*
5
' 7
4
5 5 & )
7 #
9 5 $
4
8 )
5
)
)% ) *+
* 5
*
+ ) ) ' 4
*6
6) 7
/
/,/
+ * + >$$7?
#
-
-
) 4
*
C 5 )
3
5 4
"
+ * ' )
3 # GH
F
M
)
5
)
'
#
'
' ) )
7
*,
$ 3 )
) #
7 )* 5
*
' -
)%
)
* +
)
+
7
'
7
#
%
%
' * 4
3
A %
/,/
C 5
" )
*
% + ) )
5 " ;* 5
:+ ) '
7
9
+ )
3 4
!
*
* * ) )%
5 #
5
9 + ) 5
8 5
% 9
4 7
*
9
'
7
+
) 5
*
3 &
9 %
) )
%
# 7 # * -
)
)
) )
/,/,
+
5 !
* -
7!
*
@
%
4
# 4
> !
8
4 )
)
4
4
#
* 5
#
#
+ # #
GB
4 )
*
# ) A '
F*2 5
)
' 8 4
5 #
)
)
#
)
!
# 3 * 5
& )
C
*
#
C 3 4 5 %
' )
)
)%
%
*
. / 5
!
@
3+ 3
"
* 5 )
5
!
I %
-
) 9
6
RFGS* ) * 5
(
* *
4 " M ; RFHS* +
( :
)
+ '
)
#
A )
7 RFBS ( 5 '
>* *@ # C" * * 5 " 4
N " ) (
9
% ^ '
A RFJS?* +
%
3
'(
*5 " )
" + G1S* -
+
+ )
9
A A
A RFK F0 + '
% + ' + +7+# /- RGES*
!
) 5 N
! )
) +
'(
' RG2S* 5 $ ) ) '
*
4 * + 4
!
(
8
) '(
# )
* "
" 8
+ ) # 4
RGF GGS "
3 + GJ
F
M
)
5
)
'
#
) (
4 " '
) #
9 * 5 )
4
6
) !
'(
% 4
)%
+ ) !
2A2 "
3 * +
A
Reihung nach ökonomischen Parametern
* G*
Ökonomische Grids,z.B. GridBus, EcoGrid, Nimrod/G
Katallaktische Informationssysteme
Grid Netzwerke mit Resource Brokern
File Sharing Netzwerke
Reihung nach technischen Paramentern
Mit Koordinator/ Intermediär
)
//
0
0
" &
Ohne Koordinationsinstanz
1
(
8
5 '
5
) 4 ' F*E*F )
9 * 6
4
! " ) ) * - ) + *G ' 9
N 5 )* 3
) * -
) ) $ GK
&
' 8 )
) *
-
)
4 # RGHS ) *5 9 5 )
F*F '
7
%
'N+ *
//
A
)
6 # ) E1B 9
B )
)
E1B # ># * H?*
JH
5
>+
2 5
# -
'
! '
) >
A 8 ) )* +
% (
9
5 # 4
)
'
?
5 4 4 2
) %
!
*
9
) * 5
6 * H1 '
+ 9
4 4
5 4 '
* + ?
5
) 9 4
8 ) >+ * B?*
2H
G0
M
)
5
)
'
#
3
mit Resource Broker
2
ohne Resource Broker
0
1
Dichte
4
F
0
1
2
3
4
Dynamik
$ 5
'
5
)
)
)* 9
)
5
.
#
*
5
#
> 5#?
5
( '
) * "
) 5
4
' * 5 )
5
*
) 5 (
' & L
* 5
5
9 "
*
'
#
9
4
4
5 # 4
$
* 5
! ) +
) " . ) * 5 1 %
5( '
)
7 #
* * &
' 6
#
4 + ) * 5 ' -A
* ) *
-A 2111 #
JH 5
*
5 5
' )
=
H1
%
' N = % F*E*F
( G
E
1
A
5
F*F '
% )
5
H1
)
4
*5
+
%
+ '(
) %
7
>-
$
$ *2
*E
-A
) )
4 *
RGHS?* 5 5(
5 0
&
) !
1
B9
8 H1 5
E
EH 9
8 21 5
2
2H 9
8 E2 5
F
H1 9
8
B5
G
JH 9
8
G5
0 "
#
1
E
EH
2
F1
F
GH
G
B1
A
5
& * ,'
)
. $
'
1
9
)
# % &
//,
& (
$#0 F &5 '
)
,'
8 ' RGBS* 5
& # # ) *? !
> ) !
)
HE
F
M
)
5
)
'
'
#
* 5 )* &5 C 9
$ %
C
%
*,' + )
! ) A 4
'
) ) *6 '
)
9 #
* )
'
3 +
4 9
'
5 9 $ C$ '
4
///
0
* 5
9
# )
(
) *
) + *5 ' ) 4
=
) 4
211 " ) % + )
' 8 ) -
* +
4 >3+-?
)
.
"
+
+
9
*
///
% +
* J 3
+
-
* - )
" 4
)
0HT
9
9 *
%
5 )
+ 5 >
J2T
1 2 2?* 5
#
) +
H2
) *
34 / '
4
# N 5
A % N
5(
0GT
% 6 )
) * - ! 9
1 +
E 5
5(
G)
@ 5 N 8 *- ! 5 ) 9
3
% >5
1?
F*F '
5
H2T
5( 5
+ G1T
G
5 +
9
5 5
G* N 5
.
1 -
)
!.
)
*
. +
2
*
)
&
6 7
34 5 #/ & 8 9 7
'
" 8
HF
F
M
)
5
)
///,
'
% +
#
-
* K
+ 9
* 6 % ) 4 # >7 5( * 8 B1T >5( +
4
5(
)
0KT
J0T
+ ( 1?
G?
) 5( * ! )
5 3 K0T
+
$
) + 5
* '
) % + ( * 5 9 ) 4
* /
% + + ) 5 1 * + % + 5 * 5 G ) ) % 5 - ! BT * + ) W + ) 3 5
'(
///1
*
A +
*0 )*
+
>#8)
* E1
+ )
# )* 5
9
4
*6 6
) ) 5
%
#
#
5
#
5
. +
# -
+
%
%
*
5( "
5
> ! !
# 5
W '
W
E
#
)
9 *
%
2? 4 + % @ '
#
5
E
6
#
3
) % ! 4 3 HG
) * 5
%.
5 4
* 5
+ U
#
9 4
F*F '
!
5(
#
#
! 4
)% #
*
. +
.
)
&
34 5 #/ 6 7
& 8
' 9 7
" 8 HH
F
M
)
5
)
' +
HB
.
'
.
#
34 5 #/
&
'
"
F*F '
-
' +
.
34 5 #/
&
'
"
.
HJ
F
M
)
5
//1
0B
)
'
6
#
3
+
-
@
3
3 ' 5(
& 9
& ) )
#
% & %
)
%
+
%
& - ! (
%
*'
5(
5
)
)
)
* 5 +
'
) 3
*
'
'( 9 #
/1
%
3 !
*
G
)
5 N 4
5 * 5 )* 5 &
(
5 )
)
"% '
) ) ) %
%
N <
+
%
%
"
4 )
* '
5
-
7 )
5 3
)
A 4
%
%
) +
! ( * 5
#
-
3
4
)
+
)
5 * 5
(
9
)
A )
-& $
) ;
8
:$&
+$#-$'
REKS*
(; :+
; $5
) *
4 &
) N
5 HK
)
$
N
:&
( 8
F*H 7 )
!
9
%
4 -
* 5 )
) ")
*5 &'5 8%
" " " +
% % N5
RGJS* N .
)
,
E1
%
-
. .
-
9
% 4
*6 %
4
$" 4
.
)
RGKS* -
3
% + % * 5
+ )
%
) N )%
+ )4 $
'
/3
,
/
9 .
*
5 RES
N 5 +
R2S
* @CC C1 E0Y 01FJF1 11* 211F EE E1* ,*@ @CC ) 011JE1 11*
Y
,
) * %
"*@ N 5 * @CC)))* E11BEFKBC * A +
RGS
3 +
RHS
-
RBS
* / 211G 1J 2B* /*@
+*W 3 *
)
C
" * CNCH1C]CKG12EC C 211F EE EE* *
7! % 211E '*2G0*
*
V V () (O * C C1 2K0GKF 2B E1*EE*211F* _ 4 `
+
RFS
*
@CC)))*
*
I/ * 5
3*W N E00B '*GE*
&
%
3*@ 5
& "
*
H0
F
M
) RJS
5
)
'
'
#
+ @CC)))* C * +
>'N+? *
C
Y
Y
F @ ' @CC)))*)F* 1B 2J*
R0S
@ $-3"C&C&55 *
5 C $3C)
7 > '57? E*E* 211E 1F EH + 211G
&55 O +
@CC)))*) 211G 1B 2J*
RE1S 'N+ E*2 E@ " @CC)))*)F* C $3C211FC3+ 211G E1 E2* 5*@ @CC)))* 211G 1B 2H*
C)
C
Y )
@CC)))* ) 211G 1E 21 +
Y E*
REFS 9
"*3*W 5 7
*
+
REGS 3
"*W +
)
REHS + 211G1H 2E*
*
C C1GC1EC21C 211G 1J 2J*
"*@ 5
'
*
+
211G
3 ---
*
E000* +*W 3 5 3@ + * $ K $ E000* @CC)))*
*
+
*@ + ( * *+
REJS
* 9 $ + +$#-$' %
RE0S "
B1
$ *
"
/#
REKS
C
) * E 211F1B2GC
' *
*
REBS
*
E2
REES '
*@
Y
211G 1B 2F*
RKS
RE2S 9
*
C)
8 (
*
E000 2112 E2 K*
@CC
*
*@ @ + " * , EE>2? >E00J? '* EEH E20* 8 9
* # ! 211F *
5*'*W 9 *W 7 ,*W 3 *W 3 '*W D *3 # * / 7 2112 HJ*
*
C
' +
3*W # 6*@ + @/ )
8
9*W
F*H 7 7 2112 2112 HJ*
+
@CC)))* * * C 2112 1H 1E*
C2112C/ 7
R21S '
5*W $* *@ # A 3 211H 21E1* ( I 5 A @CC)))* * C C C A* + 211G 1B 2H*
R2ES + + 7
N*W
R22S
**W # # ) 5 ( # ) *$
*W 6
5*W '
@N 3
5
7*W " ' *
+ ' "*W 7 * @
"
9*W 5(
(
, EJ>G? 211F* 5
] "5
'*W '*@ + ' @CC * 8* * 211G 1B 21*
# *W
' 211F@ '* 2HB I 2BJ*
/
(
C
*W 9 2 ( ( 211F '* GF GK*
( ,*W $ @ +
"*W
+ (1E
/*W 9
*@ 7 + " R2BS
'
5*@ 5]#+"N
2112* 7 /
(
R2HS
8
*W '
+
"*W + 3 5 2112@ $ &'+ EK* # 2HFB '
R2GS 3 '
'
7*@ " * 2B --&'+ 211E*
/ R2FS ' #
> ?* ' 211F
@
$*W 7
* 5*W "
( "*W "
9 3*W # ) * + 3*W '
*$*W $ '*@ + " H>F? >2112? '* 2FJ
* 2GB* R2JS 7
) "* ,*W 7 ( "*W " ) * @ 5 E0KK*
R2KS 7
*W ]
7*W 3
*
@
"*@
I K '(
*W + ' EE
5*@ 5 ) ---
'
,
9
+ '(
BE
F
M
)
5
)
'
#
/ 5 EE 2112 >/ 5 a 12? >2112? '* BF* R20S
*W $ "
+*W 9 *W # -*W ' /*@ 5 ) @ 3 + # ) ' * @ # ) C$ A E00K*
-*W 6 'A --> # a 0K? +
RF1S
+*@ 5 " + + "C '""C +'$-5 " '( E00H*
RFES + )
-*W " *
/ 5
5 *
@
*
5 @
+ '*W 9
*W
5 9
' 3*/*@ +
+ " '
N""a 0K
E00K* RF2S + 3
>
N*W + *W *W # "*@ 5 3 + 7 ( # ) * @ '( 211F? E2* EH* " 211F $ ( ,
RFFS + " RFGS
-*W / ( H>E1? >2111?*
*+*@
((
3*@ ' " & ( @CC)))* (( * C
RFHS $
7*@ / ) '* 7 A '( ( +@ +
* * 5 3
)
RFBS *@ # * 2112* RFJS
* /*W $ 3
$*@ 7 4 ,
B2
E00B*
-
*
3
" *5* $
* " C
$*W + ---C+ "
*
5
* 2112 211G 1B E0*
+ +
*
*
5*+* > * '
3 "
5
F
3
( '* +*W b b $ ( @
&
7*W -(
@ + ( ' ( E00J@ '* HFF HBG* *?@ $
-
* $*W +
* (
*
' " 5
* 3
@ + # * c 0B1F* " A ( @
F*H 7 RFKS 9
,*/* 3 *
RF0S
+*-*@ $ #*,@
A &
5* *@ #
* (
RG1S '
(
(* # ) ]
*7*@ + * @,
E00H*
@ N @+
A
E0KE
( -
(
* J1 >E0B2?@ '*
EEE EFJ* RGES -( 9 $
$*@ +
4 * + @CC)))* 211G 1H 1E*
RG2S " N /
)
"%
&
RGGS " 8 +
*
*
C
A CEGJC
+$#-$ 5F* C5F*
RGBS , '
@ + /
E0KK* >0*E1*2111? 8 Y
)C2111CE1C10C
211F
@CC)))*
8
*
211F 1J 2E* 8
@ @ +
A( 211F @CC 211F 1J 2G
*
@CC)))*8
5*W N @CC 0 2K0BJK0 11*
RGKS '
*5* 2111 +
(
$ " 8 * * C C 2111 EE 10*
#
*
%
5*@ @CC
RGJS
7
"*W 5 A -*@ " '( * @ $ >/ *? C#
RGFS
RGHS
I
*
3 * * *+
* 3 * C
211F 12 2E*
@ *
*
C
C 2112 1B EE*
'*@ "@ N @CC ) * * C "@b N C2E11 JJKGY F HE1BHJJ* O 211G 1B 2B
# * C
O* C1 EGEJ
C
* b Z
b 2
b +
BF
1
8
:
. . . 9 A
"9
'
$ *
(
( */ ) ( * $ )
A * * "
I A
I A (*
) ) (
(
*
1 ( )
*$
) & (
) *$ )
)
BG
G*E * $ * -A '-$ d
)
d
) *
'
(
( )
( ()
A
) ) *$
( "
-
" / ) )
& ( *
5
( ( > * *
& ( ?* $(
* (
)
)
(
(
) L
(
* $
(
( )
* $
( * ) (
)
) )
*
*
( * N
(
I
I
) * $ ( (
@
(
( ) (
)
8 * '
)
) )
BH
G
-
@"
"
" ( >
(
( RES?
A *
$
)
) @
2 L
* '
F (
) * +
) )
*' A ) ( ( * ' H
(
G )
(*
1,
&
8
%<
+ )
) (
)
>* *
?*
) * $
)
A * $
( ( * $
( ^
)
* $
)
( 8 *
) A
(
* '
L
) (
R2S*
)
( )
(
L
*
1,
& '
8 (
) *E
BB
)
RFS * )
G*2 $
-
3 L > * *
"
' (
7
) > * * ?
? > * *
*?
( A
( •
*+ ( RFS
(
@
3
@ $ ( L
(
RGS* ^
>)
3 7
>3'7??
?
L
( A*
3
"
+
@ $ (
RFS*
@ $ *N
( (
8
Application
Intermediaries
RSL
?
Resource Owner
RSL specialization
Resource Broker Req u
Application Application
>
*
Resource Consumer
Application
(
> * * 3'7 A (
( •
' C
8
* ( •
(
L
Allocator
Local Resource Manager
ests
Local Resource Manager
Information Service
Local Resource Manager
Meta-Scheduler
& )
. (
( ) @ BJ
G
-
@"
"
"
$
(
(
* (
* L L
$
A
L
1,,
(
*
( *
(
%< )
"
-
RHS ) (
( L
>) >
) )
O? L
?* )
L L
1,,
* *
*
%< ( ) •
+
RB JS@ -
(@
( A
>* * ?
* +
( 8
(
(
* ' 8
) (
)
(
(
* / 8
) *
8
( A
L
) (* +
) (
* #
)
A ( RKS*
•
(@ ( (
BK
( * + (* $
G*2*2 3 L (
(
(* •
3 (
(@ $
L
( L
*N
)
) * •
@+
( 1
*
( ( (
* # (
* ' ( * ( R0 BS* •
$
(@
(
A ( ^
* (
* $
( RE1 EES* 5 ( ( ( A *
A ( ( (
L
(
( L
8
)
* $ 8
1,,,
RE2S*
%< $ L
L * + ) * )
L
REFS@
B0
G
-
@" •
"
"
5
@$ ( ?
)
(
>
> (
?
(* •
7
@
(
(
REGS* + * *
) (
> >+?b
L *
(
> ? e >+ ??* ' & * * &
8 &* (
(
) >* *
A ? *7
A $
(
)
) *
( ) (
A
* * $
( > >+? b > ? ≥ >+ ??* ( 8 8 A ( * + DN3 A ( N3 *$ (
) )
( ( */ )
8
*
* *
&
)
* •
7
@ 3 (
(
( L
(*
( ( > > ?? $ J1
(
) ?
(
@
> >
L
L
>
C ??*
G*F "
" )
8
)
L
(
L
> A REHS?* ( •
( A
)
8 ( 2H1 (
H11
7
E11 @
L
L *
(
( ( * $
) ( ( E1 * *
( */
(
A
(
( * 8 8
) EE * * * * F * * $
)
*
•
A * >E? >2? *
?
1/
.
>
.
+ *" ) (
(
(
) * $
(
(
L
(
*
+
( (
)
L
(
(
F*E*
* '
* "
(
A ) >
F*2?* $ JE
G
-
@"
"
"
* ' (
F*F
A * " * + *
(
L ) )
)
* (
)
(
1/
REBS*
&B $ )
A
( > * *-
?
) •
'
* ( +
)
@ $
' + # ( &
)
REJS* ' + #
( ( >2? ' + #
*
) >E?
( REKS* / )
)
( *
) ( )
) * /
' + # •
L
3
( + N3# ) > ?
@
N
N3#
( L
&
>
RE0 21S* N @ >? + ( ? > ? &
) (
A (
*
* ( ( ) (* N
(
& N3#
)
' + #* •
J2
5 ' N -+# >N
5 -A
+ +
@
G*F*E
+
$( # )
? R2E 22S* $
8
N -+#^ ( > * * )
N -+#
N -+# +
?* >* *
?
(
N -+#
* $ (
N -+# $
+
'
(
* $
N -+# * $ )
N -+# R2ES* + )
* +
) *
$
(
)
)
) * # *#
* •
( "
@ > (
(
) ? R2F 2G 2HS*
&
( ( )
(
* +
( )
(
(
( A
*
•
' (
@ $
'
)
) R2BS* * ( *
JF
G
-
@" 3
"
"
)
L (
L
* -
(
L
( *
1/,
)
8H +
) )(
-A
R0 2J 2K 20 F1 EFS* ) N3 DN3 * $ (
+
-A +#5 ( * 5
X
X * +
A @ •
( + +
> (+
@ $
+?
( > *
( ?
* + (
+
(
* *
( RFES* / ) *L
)
(
+ * +
(
+
(
L
#
R0S* •
5 +
+
@
5
)
(
)
*+
5
+
R2KS* / ) L *
• + JG
-
+ +
@
(
G*F*F '
+ RF2 FFS* * # (
*
•
-A
@ +#5
)
A * A
(
DN3
* +
A A
RFGS* ( L
) * / ) L
A * DN3 ( •
-A
( A *
@
?*
A >DN3 A
* RFHS*
) A
# C R2KS* / ) L
(
(
*/ )
(
(
L
-A L
3
)
* L (
L
(
* L
( * $
(
1//
*
0 $
* RFBS* JH
G
-
@"
"
" ( 8 8
RFJS*
* *$
( (
( * $ * $
) )
) (
L * $
# A (* $ > L
(
A
I (
3 5?
*
35
A
L
( * # RFKS*
+
) * ) (
8
)
(
L
$
*
"+ - >"
+
-A (
(
?
A *$ * $ > )
)
(
?
* +
* *
L ) *$
(
(
) ( * / )
"+ ( !! :
"+ -
) * *
(
( (
JB
RF0 G1S* $ A (
(
G*G
"
"
+ (
) A
)
11
. N
(
*
.
( *
(
A * $ * ( (* $ A
L ( (
)
)
( *
(8 () (
(
* ( ) * $
8
) @ •
+
@
( *$ (
( )
)
)
(
* $ *
( A L (
8
*5
(* $
8 (
) (
( L
( ) *
(
+ 8
) ?
) (
) (
(*
) >)
) * 3 L
JJ
G
-
@"
"
" * $ *' *
•
-A
@ $ >
?
(
(
*
) (
(
*N
(
(* $ ) *
( ) *
•
@ &
(
A
( )
( ) * / ) & O + L
8
) A
( ) ) (
)
RGES* &
( * / * •
@
(
8
* ( *
L (
) (* $
L
A (
C (
*
13
% $
) * N
JK
(
G*B 3
( N
*
(
•
(
•
^ ()
N
(
*
) ( * " L
( ) ( ( *
(
( (
( A
* $
(
)
@ N * '
)
(
) L
(
)
'
*
(
-
) (
N
( ) )
14
)
O
( ( *
% RES
* @ E1 7 $3 211F F
R2S
RFS
(
3* *,
"3
6
8
)
( "* @ / ) '
9* * "
(( >211F?* $ 3
3 5'
*
* >211F?* V& (*V '( '
RGS
*9
( " '
5
@ $ / )
* *9
* $ -
3*
(( -
>211G?* 3 2 * 2@ 2H0I2KF*
>2112?* V ( ) G>G?@ BE JE*
# )
OV
J0
G
-
@"
"
"
RHS
* -
RBS RJS
, 7
5* #
"* N* >2112?* " '( &#-' N
'
#
5* >211G?* " *9
) RKS
* / *V
'
,* +* 5
> '(
$
(* -
" &
+' % 4
* % 9
5 >$/?*
5* * +* + ] +* * ' * >211H ?* V ( " (? ' 3 + *
^
5* * >211E?* -
+
(
*
*#
*V
R0S
>211F?* V" GH>B?@ BFH BG1*
+ (*
-
@
* RE1S 9
,* 5* * >211F?* + -A 5 * ' ( + ( - * '* 5* * * 6* "* '* 5 ' @ *
+ REES 7
5* 3* "
$* '
5
9 )
>211H?* $ + "$ @
* ]* '
7
3* '
*
*
E2* RE2S 9
*
"*
*V
( >E00K?* V-
"
REFS '
* 5* # + +
REGS ' $ )
*
*
(
)
'
"* $
>2112?*
* ---
REHS 7
>211G ?* 3 + " E0 FE*
211G
9* "* "
Q
*
'* +* & (
5* N
>211H?* +
* '( REBS '
7 ( K1
5
*
A
5 # )
---
* 5* # 5* "* "* 3 >211H ?* V5E*E@ # ) *V +$#-$' 8
' "* # * ' + ( 5
(* "* $* -( + *
G*B 3 REJS
* +* $* / * +* / >E002?* V' ) @ + (*V --- $ ' EK>2?@ E1FIEEJ*
,* N* 9
* '* '
REKS 9
* >2112?* + *
RE0S #
#* '* 7 ( 8
N*
(* '
N* 3
* EK '( ' (*
R21S 3
$
(
$
>E00K?*
#
---
>E00K?* $
N
@ EGK EHJ*
* 5 "* # * 9* Q
A 5
3* 5
8 "* * * /* * ] >211E?* $ ) > ? ' Q -
Q ( *
*
* /
#* -) ( >211F?* N @ $ ) '( *
* A * 5 R2FS
N3# *
+ "
#* * '* #* * ' "* $
R22S
+ +
5 + #* #
&
-
5
#*
' R2ES +
)
3* ,* @ "
,*
,
$*
"*
(
>211E ?*
* 5
'(
> 5 '?* R2GS
3* ,*
,*
$*
*V
, EH>F?@ 2HKI2KE*
+ R2HS
3* ,*
,*
* 3
( ,
(
(Q
'
$* " @
>211E ?* V+
(
/ (
>211F?*
$ F2* KE
G
-
@"
"
"
R2BS
* *
/*
"
>2112?* (
* 22 '(
5 ---
'
R2JS '
(@ FJ2*
$* '* '
+*
5* 7 + + (B0 JB*
5 , " R2KS
'( )
'*
]* # *V + *
@ R20S
)
* +
>211F?* V "
+
* >211G?* V5 *V
RF1S ,
3*
RFES
,* ( "
RF2S
>2112?*
* *
(
>211G?* V ) *V '( F>G?@ F1HIF2G*
,* ,* 7
5*
*V -
>E0JJ?* V 3 GH>2?@ G2J GFK*
* >E000?* * + "
*
A
'
@ + -
EGK
EHJ* RFFS + ) E GF*
7*
RFGS
* 3* " *V "*
>211H?*
* ' /
>2112?* V+ $ * 5*
( * BJ* )
% ,
4
)
*
RFHS
5*
* ,* 9 )
* EEBEIEEBK* RFBS " *V RFJS
* 4
/ 9
E>E?@
"* (
( ,
>211E?* + A +
"* * * -* >211E?* V+ -
*
* >2112?* -
(
,* " 9 FH>2JE F1F?* 8 A
K2
G*B 3 * ' )
*
"
3* '* 5 5
RFKS
9
3*
,* '
RGES '
,*
>211H?* V+ *
*V
RF0S ' * 5* # 5* >211G ?* + " 3 * EF 3 '( " >3'--" 211H? + RG1S ' * >211H ?* 5 3
-
5* #
* -A
5*
$ * *
-A * *#
*
5* * +* + ] +* * >211H ?* ( " > 5 ^ (? ' 3 + '( * E1 &'-# D / $ '( >/ N' D? ' #"*
+*
*'
N
KF
3 B % . % (
(
*
) *+ ? REJS* N
>7/ (
(* $
A
( (
L ) (
L
3
* $ /!
'
' (
>/73'? *
E )
;
(
X
( )
) (
* $
:
;
(
) (
RJSR0S* / (
) * KG
H*2 01 ) (
(
) (
) (
( )
I
(
RKSRE2S* N REES* $ -
A
) &'
)
) ( /73' A
*+
* ( A
) E00J + > ' ? *
) ' )
)
) )
E000
*
)
(
9
R0S (
* $
)
( * $ )
) (
/ ) ) (
A )
)
* (
RJS*
2111
)
)
*-
REFS I
)
() I)
)
) * N
)
*
) )
) *N * N
) )
*
3,
G /73' ( K1
) (
)
A (*
/73'
E00B )
KH
H
(
3
( )
( $ '( /73'
) *+
(
(
* $
) (* + •
( $
(
)
@
(
) (
* +
(
)
)
* $
(
) (
( )
* •
'
( )
* $
(
)
* '( )
* +
( * •
( ) *
(
( *
•
( )
* #
(
(
* $
) L
+
)
( /73' ) L
(
3/
& $
* E1 (
(
* +
2111 ) A
*
5%0 &
'
$
) )
RGS* + ) )*
KB
H*G '
31
'
)
0
0
'
'
( 8
A
* $(
( (
*
*
31
> A ' / ) * •
( (
* *
(
(
@ 5 ) *
*$ L
(
*+
A
(
( •
) )
(
(
*
( )
•
@ + )* ' ( *
)
(
(
@ + * $
(
(
L >
+5?
> ? •
*
(
) )
(
@ (
) *
KJ
H
(
3 ) )
31,
0
*
0
$ *$
) (
(
* ) ( *$ )
31,
) @
> I * $
( I
)
(* N (
31,,
I
(
( *
> * $ ) *
)
(
)
*
(
(
*
31,/ $ L
)
* $
( L
)
* ( * ' ) *
31,1
0 ( (
( (
KK
( *
H*H 3 L A
*
) ) ( *
31,3
B
% ) A
)
* $ A (
( *
(
A * '
EH ( L
) ( A
* "
L
*
31,4 ( *
(
* / ) )
(
*
31,=
0
B >
+
) L
( )
) *$
)
)
)
*$ (
)
(
*
C (
*5 )
( (
) L
*
33
%< L * $
(
L
) K0
H
(
3
(
)
* ' (
)
)
)
*
33
9 5 *$ $
(
A
*
)
)
(
f + * $
L
@ 5
A
)
(
A
( )
(
* 9
L
(
*
* /
)
L
CN
(* ( (
* 5
)
( (
*$
(
(
(
* L
(
(* $
( (
>
?
L (
33,
*
A # )
I )
(
(
* ( (
) ) A (
01
* ) * $
H*H 3 L ) (
)
* )
* # )
(
)
( * ) )
* $
) ) * $
A
)
$
L
*
' )
)
A )
* L (
) )
*
$
)
)
*$
8
)
) *
)
) )
)
)
*
L
( * / ) ( *
33/
0 ) L
) ) )
) (
) A ( )
)
*$ )
* (
(
*
)
) )
) ( )
A ( A
*
0E
H
331
(
0
3
B %<
#
L
+ )
>
)
( (
)
? *
) )
)
*
34 )
L
/
'
>/73'? )
*$ L
( ( (* '
*
( (
( *
( * #
8 ( )
* $
L
34
* E*
G 0B $
(
) • / L
L '
*
@ @ " E1 $ * / )
( ( E1
C*# )
( * •
/'"@ $
( * $
( (
34,
0 $
) )
02
*
*/
) (
H*B *+ REGS* $ (* / )
) )
) 7
A *
(
( )
*
+
( )
( * $ *# ) * $
( REKS
( ) (
(
*
34/
0 ) ( *' L ) A
* $
(
@ •
@
A * + (
) ) * L • +
A
@
)
L *
(
)
) * •
(
(
*+
( ) L
)
(
* 0F
H
(
3
( )
* 5
L
)
(
( A
*
341
0 $
)
) ) *
+
) ) )
N '- REHS*
N ') )
* N ') (
(
)
(
) ( *
3= +
( )
(
(
(* ) )
)
* $ )
/73'
)
)
* 3 L
(* + )
0G
( *
H*K 3
3?
% RES
( 7
-
"
&
3
"
, 211H R2S
* E # *E
/ "4 + (
RGS
RHS
& 5
3 ( ;$
"
"* 3
-
#
7 "* 3
"
'*
; 3 5X '
-5" '
( (
' '*
" 5 !
&) 94 " $ & ! ! 22 2G 211F*
; +* -
C
-
-
,*
/
"* "4 -
" "
2 G 211F*
5
211F I EB EJ 211F* " "* 3 ( . & '
#
(
* G E2 211H*
,
@ *
RBS
&
-* # + 3
RFS
1
&
-*
( , ( "4
& 7 '#+^1F
!
@ ) A #* ' 5( * 2KH 202 2112* "* 3
5X A >- *? $ (
*
:+ '
)
-A
5 ( * EHGF
* EG
EHHE 2112* RJS
*
* 9 @ -
RKS
'* $
:$
'
,
'
"* 3
5* 3 $
+
(
N +
EH>F? 211E*
3* ' ( X " + + '( >EH? H B
-A $ X * K1J KEB
E000* R0S
9 # )
X
;$ "
@ 9
'
E000* RE1S -*
"* 3
$* /
3* 9
;5 -
X
0H
H
( @
3 + A
,
5 " *K1 EKK '
7# ' EG0J REES " 7
3
>- *? 3 " E00K*
$
3
3 X
+
$
( ; ( &
"
'
,
+]@
3* ' +
> +? " (
E00J* RE2S $* 5 9
REFS
* :N ; E1
"* -* )
, * E2F EFE E00B
@CC)))*
* *
REGS )))*
*
$
REHS &* 7 /* #
&* 7 +* * / )
'
C
C &9 - '
REJS $
@CC 7
,* *
* '*
3* 7
'* 3
-
'( *
"*
+
$
EE >E00H?
&# N3-
)
*)
*
*
C
)
C
/
"* 3 (7 3 " ( ; 3 5 -7$-#@ & 3 L 35 X 5 #"
0B
5* 3 * ,
;
REKS "
RE0S
8
7
(X * GE0 GF1* REBS )))*
$* ' +
@CC)))*
*
$
$ 5
( -)
2B BC211F EF EH* C
4 0B B ' ' 8I
". -G
'(
". '
"; AD "8
5
" '
"
) (
( A
)
(
*
(
( "
(
*
( (
I
'( ( A ( A
* (
( )
A ( L
*+ ( " * $
A ( )
* $
) (
( I
( )
*
( *
( ( L
( '(
( (
*$ ) ( A
'( )
(
A A
*
0J
B
'(
(
4 4
0B
-
B
+
( (
(
(
>5#+ 3#+ *?
RF HS* $ ( (
RFKS* + * E?*
> *
(
(
Promotor
Genetics
RNAPolymerase
Genes Genes
Structural Gene
DNA
Enzyme A
+ Enzyme B
mRNA
Nucleic Acids
Metabolite
Metabolism
Transcription Transcription
Regulator Proteine
TransTranslation lation
Proteins Proteins Enzyme C
Peptide Chain Metabolite
tRNA
Amino acids Biomass
!
! ,$
" <
& 0
; .< " &&
0
"
/ )
!
.
&
)
!
#
)
(
)
(
) $
(*
A ( )
)
L * A
( ) * I
0K
L )
I
B*E
)
(
*
(
( (
L
( )
RFH G0S*
(
A L
) ) L
+ ) (
) (*
A
)
A
"" * $ 5#+ )
)
'
(
) RE1S*
L A
(
g
^ ) (
(
) '(
RHJS* $ )
)
( (
(*
) (
) (
( '(
(
*
(
R2G FE J1 JBS RBJS@ ;$ ( ( ) ( ( (
( 5#+ 3#+ *$ *X #
'(
(
(
(
( (*
A R2GS* $
(
^ " E001 RB1S* 5
" ;+
(" '(
-
L ( RBE B0S*
'(
(X *
L
(
)
00
B
4 ,
'(
(
0B
& ( (
* ( * $ + ) X
( ( ;$ ) E0H1 ( # ( '( ( RJBS*
(* ( ( '(
) ) (
(
L
A* $
( (
)
*
A
8 (
) (
(
*
(
(
L ( )
*
'(
(
) * #
)
) (
)
(
) (*
$
( ( L
*
(
L L
( (
RB0S* $ ( +
L )
A (
(
( (
( A (
(
(
(
* )
( A (
)
L
* (
) ( L
RB0S* '( RJ 2GS*
( A
(
)
) ) A
A
) L
E11
*
A
> *
B*E * 2?* $ )
( *
+ '( $
) (
) )
*
;
( X RBJS * *
(
N
(
I (
( *? L
>
I
(
4 /
*
> )
-
0B
A
. '(
(
(
) )
8 (
(
* " REB 2F H0S *
* X
L
)
)
( ;
( ) ( ; L
X )
( RBFS* N ( (
RJES@ " ) $(
(
A
(* +
) E1T ( L *"
* >
?
A ( (
A
( A
*$ >
)
( ( A
?*
(
L *
A (
( "
RGJS
( RFGS*
*
( # )
) $ + (
* (
(
) *+
E1E
B
'(
( ) )
) ( ) (
A ( A(
A ) 5
-
REFS* ) ( RBHS* $ ) ( L
) * ) ( ) ( ) ) ) (
(
( "
*
) A RE G1S* "
( (
) (
(
* ) + (
,
( )
*$
)
I
(
I
(
A ( ) ) (
( '(
(
* )
)
(* & (
8
8 * $(
(
(
(
L
*$
) ( A
) (
*
(
(
A
) (
(
RE G1S* $ A
(
(
A * ) ) * & (
( *$ )
)
( )
)
L
* #
( (
(
)
A
* 5
( )
) (* $ E12
A (
(
( )
L
B*E A
) ) )) (
( $
)
( ( (
(
(
A
) RJBS* $
)
L )
4 1
*
A ( (
)
*
.
9
B
"
(
(
)
@ E*
-A
) )
( (
2*
$ (
* A
*
(
A A A
F*
*
-A
)
)
)
( ) )
A
)
(
( G*
L
+
(
) *$ ( *
A ) (
(
L
(
* H*
7 A )
A
( (
* ( *
B*
$(
(
)
'
( )
>'
G
H?
2* (
)
)
A E1F
B
'(
(
L
) )
RE0S* $
)
( L
> A > * (
L
?* ;
)
)
X
(
* 2?
* (
) *
Literature and Data Bases Mathematical Mathematical Model Model
Systems Systems Analysis Analysis
Exploratory Exploratory Simulation Simulation
Generation of new Knowledge
Data Data Evaluation Evaluation
Experimental Experimental Design Design
Experiment
$
!
&
"
4, 4,
% "
-
%
( (
) L
>
?* REES
E11 E111 L $ E1G
(
(*
B*2 )
L
REES* + 5+L
(
( (
)
(
A
RGS* (
)
)
L
(
*
) )
* *
$
(
(
(
) ( (
(
*
L
(
L REES* $
) * (
(
(
>
)
?
( )
( (
L
?
> *
> (
* F?* $
( (
)
" RB0 JES* " (
*
L
( (
( )
*
(
A
) A
( (
(
* $
)
)
( *
)
( ( */ )
) >
( A
(
?
( *
E1H
B
'(
""
""
(
$$
!!
##
%%
&& %%
!!
''
"" ""
!
!
= ! $
' !
" =
" ,>
0
7
0
" =
!
&
" 8 !
0
&
:! 0
!
!
)
= # "
,
&
) 8
* $ )
) (
(@
• ) ( *
) •
(
(
) *
•
( )
( *
E1B
B*2 • 8 •
(
8
*
) A *
+
L '(
4,,
(*
9 $
'(
(
( * $
RF0S
( RBS
) 7
) )
(
/ )
)
) '( ()
* ) (*
(
( (
L
RF2S* )
) (
'
)
)
> * *
F5 ?
RG2S* $ )
* '(
( *$
( $ "
* *
A ( L
•
>
>)
* G? L
?
• •
A
)
•
L (
• *
E1J
B
'(
(
x N Initial Values
t
S
Network Structure
Modeling, Modeling, Simulation, Simulation, Data Data Evaluation Evaluation
Algorithmic Parameters
S
v
Kinetics
Measured Data
α
x
t
System Inputs
t
Parameters & &
?
! !
!
0
$
A ( *
( >
A (
) (
?
( (
( ) (
*
A ) 8
(
A
A (
*
/ )
( *
A A
(
L
L
(
) A
)
* N (
) RJF JKS* + ( *$
A L (* E1K
.
"
A
(
B*2 $
L
A '( (
( (* L *
'(
( ( * *
A )
>
'
* B*G? (
(
" (
(
) (
A
A ( D"7 >' "7? R2JS " R2K FJS A R2E 20S ) >-'"? RBGS* ) ( ""$ *
)
'(
( ) (* ( E001 RK 0 EJS* ' ( ( ( $
RE2 F1 BGS* + ( ( R2H BG J0S*
)
"
RHHS
(
) *
A
* F
(
( (8
(
) ) *
A
)
( ) ( '(
( (*
*F )
)
8 ) ( A
) )
) (*
E10
B
'( /
4/
(
.
)
G H
B
Input
extracellular fluxes 13C
label data total pool sizes
Cell Environment & &
0
4/
@
& ! 7
!
intracellular fluxes
@
&
7 8
, $ :!
&
#
:
0
!
&
'
7
, $ 8,% :
&
"
&
!
:8
0
0
EF
A
B (
>" +? A A
A
B EF
> *
* H? RBKS*
L
(
A (* $ A
(
y
)
Stoichiometry:
0 = N⋅v
Label balances: Measurements:
0 = f (v , x inp , x ) y = g (v , x )
A
v@
>E?
/
( )
> ? >? > ?
EE1
)
B*F EF "
A+
( >x * *
inp
?*
)
)
A " +* ' ( RJ2S*
(
L
$
L -L
y
) )
A
v*
)
>E? ) (
(
* $
L (
A L
(
)
)
A *$ " +* $ > vj ?
)
A
(
>E?@
0 = N ⋅ dv dv j 0 = df dv ⋅ dv dv j + df dx ⋅ dx dv j
>2?
dy dv j = dg dv ⋅ dv dv j + dg dx ⋅ dx dv j 5
( L (
)
A
) RJ2S*
4/,
#&
G H
B EF
" + 8
) RJFS* / ) ( (
A ( " +
A * * A
L
REGS* $ ( ( ( (
EEE
B
'(
(
) )
(
A
(
*
"
A ) ) B*E*F?* $
'
) > * ?
)
(
(
(
(
(
) > *
( (
(* $ * F?@ ? *
?
(
*$ -L * >E?
) (
R20S* ( 9
-L * >E?
(
^
L A
R2S* $
( *
(
) (
D"7
" +* (
4//
* ( D"7 ( *
A
(
8
*
>
+
" + * L
RGKS* & ( ( (
) > *'
L ( RGES* $
)
EE2
(
* * B*F*2?@
( ( (* $) " ( A
L
*
) )
B*F EF "
A+ •
(
$
)
(
y
* ( (
y′
( C ε= ε ∈
@ AB
) >µ Σ?, $
)
* $
(
" ) ( * A * •
+
( *
)
(
(
*$ (
"
RBBS* $
"
" "
L ( )
* "
"
* N ) ) (*
( (
RBBS
) (
" " )
*
4/1
B
B8H
'
A (
(
(
* N RBKS* EF
A
" + ( RJGS* $ (
(
) A *$
" + ( > ( $
)
A A
(
A
?
* ( L
(
(" + >E?
EEF
B
'(
( L ( RGF JHS@
(
(
*
0 = N⋅v diag ( X ) ⋅ x = f (v , x inp , x )
>F?
y (ti ) = g (v , x (ti )) , i = 1, 2,..., m X
)
(
* -A
(
(
( ( L
A
L (
•
diag ( X ) ⋅ dx dv j = df dv ⋅ dv dv j + df dx ⋅ dx dv j >G? ) )
( * '
L ) ( L
(
*+ 8
I
) A
I
)
) (
(
A
L
*
vi
(
L )
>G?* 3
( L ( A (
*
(
RGGS
)
) -L *
x
) RJHS L
x = ( x 0 , x1 , x 2 ,..., x k ) ) (
-L
L
(
>F?
>H?
)
)
@
diag ( X ) ⋅ x = A(v ) ⋅ x + b (v , x ; x , x ,..., x ), i = 0,..., k i
+ $
i
i
i
0
inp
1
i −1
( L
>G?*
( A ) (
dx i dv j , i = 1,..., k , /
# )
EEG
j = 1,..., l (
>B?
>J?
B*F EF "
A+
( > *
(
* B?* $
RGGS
(
)
* dx1 dv1
dx1 dv2
dx i dv1
dx1 dvk
dx i dv2
dxi dvk
& ! !
, $ ' 7
" !
.
C
7D 8 0
8 &
4/3
?
8H
! 7" 7
0
0
8, > 8
9
+
" + A ( " + RGE GHS*
(
( A
8
A
* " >x
inp
> t1 , t2, ..., tm ?
? (
A
* $
( ( 5
* & A A F RGBS
max max det F( x inp , t1 ,..., tm ; v ) xinp t1,...,tm
) >K?
EEH
B
'(
(
$
A >
A
* F?* & F
(
A A
A (
v)
* $
( ) (
) (* (
max max min det F( x , t1 ,..., tm ; v ) inp
t1,...,tm
xinp
$ )
>0?
( )
> *
( * F?*
8
)
0
%
8H
Conc.
41
v
A @
Time Substrate Chemical Analytics MeOH -40 C o
LC-MS Mass Spectra
Rapid Sampling
% 0
! !
!
!
&
!
,$
:! !!
!
41
0
0
'
B A
B >'3- ?
)
) ( *
'3( * J? + EEB
( )
) ( (
) * + '3- > * * (
B*G -
'
3
-A L
( (
( * ) ( L
L RFF FB HB B2S* N
)
( '3( ""
)
F1
) (* '3-
( ) (
* $ ( R2F B0S
Stoichiometry and Kinetics: Initial values:
X = N ⋅ v (α , S , X ) X (0) = X 0
Measurements:
>E1?
y = g (α , S , X )
$
(
(
X)
)
X0 )
α
v )
(
S
A *+
( @
•
(
dX dα i = N ⋅ dv dα ⋅ dα dα i + dv dX ⋅ dX dα i dX dα i (0) = 0
) >EE?
dy dα i = dg dα ⋅ dα dα i + dg dX ⋅ dX dα i ( (
* $
A
()
( (
(
(
*
EEJ
B
41,
'(
.
(
)
.
&
$
>""$2? (
'3-
>
*
K?@ E*
"
( ) "
)
( ' "7 REKS* $ RH1S?
>"
D"7
) D"7
D
RJJS
* 2* A * $ (
(
)
( -L * >EE? R22S* $ A (
)
* + (
RHKS* F*
$ >
)?* N
) ) G*
$
*
( RH1S* "
)
"
A
* $ ( ( ?
A
(
L "
>"
A
A '
RHE HGS*
EEK
"
B*G -
'
!!
& 7
41/
3
-A
#
"
"
!
&
+ >
$ E 8
8H +
""$
( (
*
(
(
A (
A
*
REK 21S* $
) >S L
)
>E1??* ) >
?
* $
)
( +
A (* 8
) ( * (
L (
(
" ) EE0
B
'(
( * $
(
)
*
8
L
(
(
>
)
?*
411
.
0
$ ( $
)
""$2
(
8
RE0 21S* )
( (
(
X i = Ni ⋅ v i (α i , S , X i ), i ∈ I )
A *$
>E2?
R2ES* $ (
( ( A
D"7 * +
#
)
* $
) A
(
( (
( RHKS ) RE0S* +
(
)
A
(
( &
*
( (
( (
$
( )
(
) R2ES* $
A
)
(
i
i
/ )
*
)
j
j , i, j ∈ I *
>EF?
;
(
*
)
π j ,i : α j → α i and ιi , j : α i → α j
>EG? */
i
(
j
* $ ) E21
R2ES*
)
B*G -
'
3
-A
* $
(
)
(
min min Crit (i, α i , y )
>EH?
i∈Feas α i ∈Par i
)
Feas ⊂ I *
αi
#
Par i * ) )
A * N
(
A
(
(
*
(
(
*+ (*
R2ES
8 )
) ( E* 2*
(L
*"
L $
) >
@ A
)
(
?*
$
A
( (
> F*
)
N
>EF?
?*
A
A (
> G*
) )
?* *
E2E
B
'(
(
Example
Model variant space
off
v1
kinetic variants off v2 1
v2
1
2 1
3 off
1
v3
1
off
off
off & & !, $ 0 0
413
! !
1
! & " . : ! 7 & 8 0 ! 7 8 ! ,) . 0
"
.
2
v1
3
"
&
&
. &
!
0
:
E
& $
'( )
*& ) (
) * "
b b $ ( A > )
"
( (
A A
E22
v3
A D"7
) ?
* )
) ' ) " )
)
( ( ""$2 , *
""$ REKS* D"7 ) D " ( , RH1 HGS*
(
B*G -
'
3
-A
Manager:
Client / Worker:
Java Client
Java + Tomcat
JNI
AXIS OGSA MMT2 Service
API
Portal / Application
JNI MMT2 (Manager) API
MMT2 (Worker)
$ )
&
$ E
) ""$ $ REHS* $ , ""$2 , *+
)
""$
)
!
&
0
.
(
( ,
G*1 > $G?
* $ #
>,# ?
(
""$2 , $G
*$
( A
( ""$2
) )
)
*
+ > *
> ( (
( D"7 * E1 ? ) ""$2 * $ ,#
"
A ( ""$2 (?
""$2 577 "
8
D
) 7
A* $
E2F
B
'(
(
""$2
* ) )
(
(
(
* $
,
""$2
,#
*' (
*$ '
_ D- V *
)
V `
""$2 *
( )
(
L
*
$ ""$ 2 >+"5 N ,&"
) ? 3
& 3
( ,4
2HB ' *
43 +
(
( )
)
(* '(
)
( (
E*
( )
2*
(
( L
(
F* ) A G*
(
H*
A (
'( 8
(
( *
+ ) ) E2G
A
'( A
( (
(
B*B 3 *
)
( '( * " * N
( 8 A ( (* '
( L
( ) @
) (* +
(
( (
"
"
A (
*+ (
* $
*
44
% RES
+
7* ' ("
R2S
RFS
+
> +* * / + (?*
+ G
RGS
+ -L
* -
Q
8 "
*
@CC)))* 7 *
RKS
7* >2112?*
(* H
@ '( * @CC)))*
*
C
* /* N "
N
" +
*8 C
>2112?* '( C(
5
(
7*3* >E00K?* 5
,*7* ' ( ?*
"
,*5* >E0JG?* $ >+
+* >2112?* " ?* -L
,*"* $(
RBS
& +
, >$ (
- *> RJS
,*-* (
&*"* (5 >' +"?*
N RHS
/* >- *? E00B* ?*
3* " (* FBJ* >'
?
"* >E00E?* '( ) " * BH JK* E2H
B
'( R0S
( 4
*
"* >E00E?* N $ D N * N
>'
" * EFH EHF*
?
RE1S 5
,*7* ( '
*3*
*'
REES 5
)
RE2S 5 '(
2JK BK1 BKB*
N
(5
* >2112?* ' >'
-L
?*
*9* >211G?* $ + $ (@ * @ J / / +' +a 1G* * FJ1 FJJ*
REFS
-*
'
( REGS
-* 3 "
REHS
'
9
* >E00J?* * ,
*
+* E00B* & "* "
REKS / @CC)))* RE0S / >211H?* # ) EB2H*
A
FJ BFB BG1*
3 ( REJS
( ( -
*
$ EEH E2K* REBS
+
&* >211H?* 7
( *#
*
( *
&* >211F?* + + * 2JK GBGGB GBGHE*
NA *
* ,*
@+ /
N *
( 5* *
* >E00E?*
N
FBJ >'
"* >211H?* ""$2 3 * " * * * C ) "*
* $
Y
?* $ 2*1*
* *
3*
*
( "
R21S / "*5* 3* >2112?* 5 ' " * @ EB -'"12 , FH 5 ' ' / *
E2B
FBJ*
*N* >E00J?* -A -A
* )
8
*
2E EBEJ
* " '
* $ # ) ) " (* * GFB GG1
B*B 3 R2ES /
R22S / +
"*5* * >211H?* + *'
'*+* )
"*5* (
R2FS /
3* '(
' >9 )
'
'* >E00B?* $ +
-
)
*5* ' $
" "
#* $ '( 211G >3*
9 7
RF1S 9 *
RFES 9
( (* , H 220I2GE*
3 -A
,*"* >211F?* + &
"*
a
KG '
N*"*
( " 7 -A E0 H2GIHFE*
*3* 7 3*7* "+$7+ @ & ( ?*
R20S
*
@ "
2B 2J " ( 211H*
R2JS / * "* >211F?* $ '( >' "7?@ + " 3 # ) " *
>
* -
-
R2KS /
3 ?*
*-*#* >211F?* '(
( " 211H@ 7 !
R2BS / ,* * 5*-* >211G?* -
( 5 +' " *?* *
' 211F >3* /
5* >211H?* ( " "
'
* >211F?* ' +
"
( *"* (* -#-+3 KE GH HH*
R2HS /
"
*
# ) * @ EJ* '( 211F " ' GEH G21 ' ' *
R2GS /
* '
* >211G?* '
"
,* ' (
*?
@ * HF*
* JH
*
'* 9 ) $* / ( "* # 9 ( +* >211G?* N ] @ + ' ) 21 EBGB EBGK* /* >2111?* *
'( * E00 2EB*
$* 9 * (*
@# )
E2J
B
'(
(
RF2S 9 ( +* 7 ' E 211G ' * RFFS 9
9* ' *
*5*
9* * >E002?* + " ( ( " ' -A ( 21G EEK E2F*
$
3* >E00B?* + 3
(
5 ] /* +
"
'
(
* + HG FE JG* RFHS 9 "
7' 3 5
5
( RFGS 9 %
* >211G?* 7 '
(
& (
-
+* 3
# )
(
-*5* >211E?* $ @ *' & * "
N -
F
EFK EH1* RFBS 7
/* * "* 6 8 * * ,* " "*,*$* * / 8 ' 9 ' ( * JH G1B GEH*
RFJS 7
/* * >211G?* >' ?*
' RFKS 7 ) RF0S 7 RG1S " )
* >211G?* '
* )
RGFS #! EF
E2K
( ?* 9*
"
'
- *>
@CC)))*
/ *
5*"* >211G?* 2 -
*?*
C - ( # ( EJH BFJJ BFKE*
* 9 ) 3 @ N
,* * *
(
*9* >E00F?* $ O ,
RGES "! ( "* +*+* >E000?* ) * * RG2S " +
*K
(
5* 5 ,*,* >211E?*
5* '
"
# 7 -A BB KB E1F*
5 ( @ ' L >
'
* >211F?* ' -A * @ EJ* '( +' " 211F " ' *?* * G2J GF2 ' ' *
/
7
( (
' 211F >3* /
B*B 3 RGGS #!
9*
* >211G?*
'
N5- '( * RGHS #!
@ '1G 9
' '
9* ( *
RGBS
*
* >211H?* -A ( EF
5 -A
* +* >E0KB?* >9 ) +
5
" -A
EF
RGJS
* * /* >E00J?* ( - ( ( ( EGF E10H EE1F*
*,* +
N ?*
-A
* *
'* A(
'
RGKS
'* 7 -* * >211F?* + " " 3
"
RG0S
+*+* * ' + * " *#* 9 ?
'
* >/ * #
-*
5 ) (*
* " /* /* * *E1*
N* >211H?* + 3 C3 C"-9C-39 ' $ 3 * a + * * ' * +
* RH1S <
-*
* +* 5 >211F?* " @ + $ 5 # ) * @ ' -'"^211F* * FFF FFK@ #
" RHES <
-*
* ( " # ) "
' " + RH2S <
' * HKF HK0 + $+ -*
$ 3
" " 211G*
* + " (*
* >211G?* ' * " @3
@ +'" 211G +'$-5 211G* *
* (
5*
& " * @ * * * HBE HBJ ---
* >211G?* ' @ 7
&9*
E20
B
'(
(
RHFS <
-*
*
* >211H?* $ " A " * @ '$C ' 5 + ( 5+ 211H ' -@ '
5
,
&'+* RHGS <
-*
* (
RHHS 3 "
* * >'
RHBS ' &* >E000?* + " RHJS '
*
* $ 5(
'*
*+
*
(
( ( EK F2B FF2*
"* / ]* " ( ,* * )
>
(?*
$* >E000?* + ( N A # ) *
(
*#*
&
" ?*
(
+
+*+*
# "
9
"* >211H?* ' @ 7( N
-
,*
?* * -
( '( ( EB FBE FBB*
RB2S $ &* " "* >E00J?* ( (
(
5 ) (
7*+* >E0KG?* "
RBES '
" * 2J1 KKI0B*
(+
5*+*
RB1S ' >E00K?* " >+
5*
5
(>
EF1
'
3*
'
+
RBFS $
-A
* * >211G?* "
#
'
* >211H?* N
@
?*
"* >211F?* "
RHKS ' 5
RH0S '
" @7
(*
+
* ( @ * -A
"* 3 5( N HH F1H FEB*
9* $ 9* ' * ' 9* $ *+*/* >E000?* - -77@ ' *
"*
3 ' *
$*'* " '* ] 9* ' ) EH E*
B*B 3 RBGS '
,
"* $ 9* 9 ( $* 5* $ "* >211G?* 5 (' ) '( * @ 7 ' E * 7 ' 7' 3 5 211G 9 ) " ( FE , E 211G >+* 9 ( 9* ' *?* * 21 FE ' *
RBHS
** "
RBBS
8 *,*$* A F EHE EB2*
-
7 -* " " H -&3N' " "
RBJS RBKS
h
a
RB0S "
-
RJ1S
RJES
RJFS
RJGS
* (" * 02 EGH EJ2*
"
*#* 9 ? *
* "! >211E?* + + ( *"
% + "
@
/* * *EE*
3
#* '
'
"* " +
(
(
( "* ) -
*"
@ -
"
* "! ( "* +*+* >E000?* # ) * @ -A 7 '( * BB B0 KH*
(
@ $ ( 0G FJ BF*
%
* -
(
'
* >211G?* $ * >/
5
A+
* >211G?* '( * # #GB1*
/
* @ @ -' --
"
* >2112?* " *,
'* >211E?* *
( ' @ + '
" *
* >211E?* EF " F E0H 21B*
-
RJ2S
EF
* >211G?* '
"
>2112?* " ?*
>"
/ 8
'* EF " F 2BH 2KF*
#! 9* >211H?* A+ ( *+ *
*-
+*+* A ( *
EFE
B
'(
(
RJHS
* '(
7 " RJBS '( RJJS D
N* >211E?* '( $ ( 2 2HK 2J1*
@ N @CC)))*A
RJKS 6
#* * "
RJ0S 6 6* '
EF2
"* >211E?* " @ 5( EB0 EJF 21H*
*
*
(@
3
(O
-A
D"7 "
+
*
* -* A +
' (
&*
AI EF
'
) -A
*
' 6* >211H?* 3 + ,+9 '$+$ ' ) (* , $ ( 21 G0E G0H*
(
#i
=
#) 0 J
#
$$ 5
.
%
% )
9
6
4 * 5 &
? %
!. >9"& ? E111 "
) )
& >+
.
)
) *' !.
. * 6
'
4
+
' !
)% $
5 ) % )
4
*3 3 *
5
'
!
' + % @
' )%
(
%
. : %
5
.
A ; )
4 * 6
) .
'
EFF
J
'
4
. /
* 6
3 3
5
!
$
"
% #
&
. $ !
' #
3
6 * # 9"& *
! ' )
$ +
'
4
-
. ) A
)
* 5 '
6 %
'
$
'
'
* -
3
)
/
+ )
=
*
*
0
J
'
#
,
)
*5
"
9
. ( +
)4
4
L
/ * 5
%
% .
"!
* ' (
. ' )
.
'
!
'
%
4
' +
4
4
)
)%
" "
' *+
!
4
7 -
4 -
.
* :
4 -
*+ )
6 -
A;
-
%
M ) *
%
.
( * 5
4 = EFG
+
4
!
)
) .
*,*
RES*
*
J*E '
. 5
'
7
:
% +
'
) K1
A; )%
'
( .
, '
4 A 4
.
4
*
%
*
%
$
( 4
$
4
9
4 )
R2S* 9
*+ 4 ) 5
! A
%
4 " A(
)%
-
N 8
' '
) .
-
4
*-
= 4 * * RF G H B JS*
.
4
-
%
A
'
)
-
* 5
3 3 .
4
% ) *5
4
3
' ' . )
'
" 4
#% 4
4
-
)
'
)
.
)
%
-
)
%
)
!
% * 6
+ % * 5
'
'
<
)
)%
+
) * ) 9 L * = 3 % * $
)
* -
4
! . -
) *5
3 )
)%
4 5 EFH
J
'
4
.
.
.
'
/ * 6
!
*
#
%
'
.
=,
.
0
)
*
8
5 % # '
3
#&
$
" &
. $
6
! 3
* # 9"& * 5 +
! '
# ' %
)
* -
'
4
.
!
+
8
)
@
!
H
+ ' / E*
)
4
5
@
. L
>
. ) * -
%
? 6
. 2*
5
<
*
% "
" 4
4
<
* !
'
%
6
* F*
5
'
)
5
G*
+ 6 5 N
3
4 4
4
N N
4 EFB
' 4 * 4 *
* -
'
J*2 '
4
-
$ ) )
H*
5 *
N
5
3
4
* *
3
'( '
)
%
N
4
*5
4
6
3
* .
<
%
!
&
%
+
%
'
+
)
4
*
'
9
! * .
%
) 4 N
)
!
4
* 5 N
' * "
'
'
N 5
' N )%
/
7! ' 4 )
%
'
)
* 5
N
+
N
* 5 ) * + ) ) / !
! H*
)
' 3
) %
*5
' 4 '
!
* * * 5
+
' )
5
E*
+
2*
9
F*
N
. @ 3
' . ) )
+ * EFJ
J
'
4
.
6 E*@ +
3
5 4
+ 4
. 5
4
'
. * /
4
4
* 5
.
-
(
"!
4
4 %
4 4
+
4
+
3 *
)
-
) 9
/
+ )
* +
-
+
)
. 4
"!
' )4 *
/
6 2*@ 9
' 9
A %
.
'
4 * 6
%
4
%
)
$
(
$ ' ) )
+ %
* 4
9 )
+
* 5 ' 3 % 4 '
.
* 5
9
% N
. 4 4
)
.
N N * *
* / %
$ "
)
* -
+ .
EFK
%
*
. ! )
J*2 '
4
-
$
6 F*@ N
.
+
-
N
.
* N
. .
/
.
4
L
%
!
3 * 5
9 $ )
8 N
4
'
' '
)
)
+ )
* #
> * * N ) N )
? .
) +
)
* * *# . N
3 +
*
-
- ) %
6
(
%
.
# 4
8
+ )
H +
$ *5 '
*
)
*
2
. 3
4
5 )
. A
H ) 4
4 + E*
*
9 *
%
3
*
+ (
.
- ) )
+
5
4 '
4 4
3 * 5
@ 4
3
* 2*
-
4 5
+ 5
)
' * 5
9
)
EF0
J
'
4
.
)
. *5
5
5 5
F*
. ( +5 4
)
4
*
5
-
-
) %
$
+ )
)
!
* 5
N
4
)
'
!
4 3
=/
(
-
*
> H
6 * * >3 $/ + & % ' -
8 ?
7 >
+
-''
4
*
?
8
' &
4 *6
9 + )
.
" . ) 4
*
W /
% +5 5 4
* 5 +'$'
* 6
) -
N"-$
) 2
' % $
%
C7 ) * 4
'
' % '
' ) ) +'$'C N"-$
4 +
*
+ )
. N * 6
<
)
/
% )
' %
.
+ EG1
%
. 4
7 ) &
3 9
-
4 * # 4
)
)% '
-''
4 +
) +'$' . */
)
* + N '
J*G 6 )
)
+ ) -''
) -'' /
+ 4 .
4
3 .
4 !
)
* 4 ) +'$' '
) 3 + 4 ' )
* 5 + 4
3
3
) -''
4 )
) % '
&
.
'
3
* 5 5 + -'' 9 + -''
.
+ *
5
)
. >
# )
&
%
#? 7
5
*
" 5 ' EH $
8 4 -
-
*
-
.
)%
* +
4
+
( 4
)
)
$
*+
' -
=1
%
.
5 ) *
2 % '
.
A
* 4 .
% )
$
"!
+
) * )
5
$ 4
&
!
3
4
* .
!
4 )
+ $
N .
(
EGE
J
'
4
. *
+
4
(
N
.
)
4 * -
+ )
6
N
'
4 3
=3
*
5 RES
,* E00E*
@
R2S
*' *,* '
*
)
NA
*# "* ' 3* ,*7*7* 3 + ( 5 0G E00B '*EFH *
( RFS
/
" "* 3* ,
) I D * ( 5* "* ' "* ,*"* 9 $"'
(
,* +*
211F* RGS
"* 3* , " "
RHS
"* ,
( '* " Q ' '
,*
8
(
"*
*
@' "
EG2
-
* ,*
( "
#
3 *
+ *
* * $ + $"' E00K '* E EF*
> ' 2C211G*
" E00B '* HG1 *
)
"
' RJS
N
@/ )) )
O ' EG 2112 '* F1F FEF* RBS
+
.
-''-3-
Q
*
?
0 &G
#C ". 0
-G
)
? $
RJ EGS
8
)
*$ ) (
*
(
8 ) ? RGJS
>'
? RFBS -
( L
#+'+ > (Q " >- --? RE2S* $
&' 5 & *$
( * >
A A ( (* $
RE2 EF 2K S?
)
( *+ ( )
A
L )
*
$ ) 'N+ RG0S ' + )
'57 REES N >N '+? REH EBS A (
8
EGF
K
'
N
+ / *
N '+ ' )
3
> '3 ? REES L
N '+
*
' (
(
*
(
(
)
( A )
a ) & (
( >
?
(
(
) (
(
)
A
*
$
) *
A
*
A A (
( (
(
)
) )
L
* (
(
*$ (
(
( * $ )
( (
(
)
(
( (* ' (
A (
( * '
)
)
(
* )
) (
* N (
( (
)
( (
EGG
(
K*2 $
+ / )
)
A A
$
(
$
( G*1 > $G? )
)
)
*
* $ A (*
$
) *
2 )
* L
F ) (
* 3
)
G N
(
H* '
B *
?,
& + () A
)
L
(
* $ (
*
$ ( ) $
*
)
( A
L
(
( * $
)
)
) (
8
'-$ d /
RF1S* + )
> * * ? *
(
*
+ ( (
)
* A
) * EGH
K
'
N
+ /
" " 0 *E
)
) ) >+?
)
*$ > ?
W * A
*
?/ $
)
) ) *
?/
A -
) )
) A *
)
)
)
* #
)
( ) (
)
EGB
)
L
K*F * + L
?/,
A
F0
9
*
B )
>* * ) L
(
(
) ? L
* L
(
) (
)
)
(
N '+ REH EBS
*
'3
REES
( )
( (
* $
)
( * ' ) * -
(
( (
>
(?*
$
( ( (
*
(
) ) (
( N '+
'3 * ) ( ( )
(
( (
)( *
) (
( (
( * $( )
( L
(
( *
( )
(
L
)
( (
)
*
EGJ
K
'
N
+ / ( (
?//
*
0
9
B ( (
* (
(
* -
)
( (
)
R21S* )
(
* (
(
( (
(
*
( (
'
*
( (
( *
(
*$
( ( *
L
( (
(
(
)( )* ( * *
) *$
(
A (
) (
?/1
0
0
'
( ) (
A
*
B 8
( (
* )
( * EGK
L (
) A
( (
L
(
K*G 3 ) ( )
*
) )
0
(
(
*N
8
( * /
(
(
?/3
(
*
*$ ) )
'
(
(
*
& 8 C ) *
) * RBS
*+ ( (
@
(
L
)
(
)
)
)
*
$ (
(* $ (
) (
* (
)
* $
A * ) (
( (
( )
*
L
)
) ( L
*
$
( A
( *
?1
% $
' 8
( (
* EG0
K
'
N
+ / $
(
( 2
*
)
)
8
* * ( )
( ( * RGHS
) ;
(
A
X
* +
) )
8
(
( (
A ^
*
( (
( (
$
) (
)
, )
)
) (* )
) @ (
( (
L
* +
, ,
8
*$
) ( )
* + ( 8
)
*$
)
( 8 8
)
*
+ ) 7 N' "^ ) * $ (
RFHS* A ' )
" ( +
'
>N'?* N +- G*1 )
*(
EH1
)
(
*
* @
K*G 3 RG2S )
) (
*
( )
* $
(
*
$
R22 2E S *$ )
) R22S
)
)
)
R2ES (
* $
) )
(* &
8 ) )
*$
)
A )
*
RFS
) $
>
$?
) (
)
8 ) @ >?
(
^ ( ( ) (
( )
RGS* $ *$
( (
* + ) ) > ? (
$ > ?
$
)
+
*
'
R2S A
* +
,D$+ RFES
) )
R0S
*$ )
*
( * $ ) 8
'
d /
( * $ )
*
EHE
K
'
N
+ / RKS * $ (
( *
)
A L
( A
)
* ' A
8
(
(
)
A
*$ *
+
) )
R2HS* + (
( )
$
* (
D"7 )
'57 *
'N+ )
)
(
(
A
&
*
$
) * $
)
) )
)
)
* 5 )
( G2 22 2ES
( (
(
() )
* $
RGH )
) )
( (
(
)
(
(
(
^
*N (
( * 5 )
( 8
A
K 2HS* (
( )
8
* (
(
( ^
EH2
RF 0
8
)
K*H
'
N
+ / A
^
(
(
* $ )
*
?3
0
#C
)
( )
* $
) $ N (
' +A
)
?3
$ )
H RHS
G*1 > $G?
(
( *
' (
$G
$ +A
(
)
'
*
>,> +
> 2 ? C
(* '
) )
2 ) 2 )
(
RF0 G1S
(
* (
( (
)
*
$ * N ) ( > * * RGKS? > * * RGBS?*
2 (
(
A L
) (
(
L
3
)
* L
L (
)
* 5
L
j (
EHF
K
'
N
+ / * $ (
* + ( (
)
) )
)
* '
)
; (* '
( X )
(
L
)
) (
)
(
) L
) 2
(
( )
)
(
*
)
L
* + W
)
( L
(
(
(
(
)
* <
(
) *+
) L L
) ; L
X
*
)
( *$
( (
(
*$ 2
) *$
)
L * $ +77
L ( L
L
A
*
' (
2 (
(
* $ )
(
*$ >5/$?
(
( (
(
3
" ( '
"
(* $
* ) ) >3" ? REJ GES + 3 3"
2
D"7 I EHG
3" * $
K*H
'
N
+ /
(
)
(
) * $
3" + )
( ( $
(
(
) >
#
?
)
)
*
$
(
3" 5
(
)
(
)
* ' D
L
* $ )
3" * ' )
(
* )
)
A * $
3"
(
*$ (
D"7 *
( 3"
)
3"
3" *$ @ > ? && 5
(
L
W & 5 W > ?
W
(
( W> ?
) ) $ ( D"7
(
L
( * 5
( * 5
( (
(
EHH
K
'
N
+ / 3" *
?3,
A
9
B
$
( *5 ( A
( * ' )
) )
) * + (
) * + )
( (
( * (
) *
(
$
( ( )
*
( *
(
*
( > * *
? ) A
(
* $
( * $(
( (
*
(
(
) RE1 22 F2S * R2BS
( ( )
* $ A * +
( )
( R2B 2J FGS
) )
* + ( ) 8
EHB
K*H
'
N
+ /
( (
*
!"! # $%& '
#
( '
! N
( (
3"
* (
*+
( * $
3" ( (
(
(
> L
+ D
?>*
* 2?*
L
(
A * +
A 7
)
)
L
( (
A
(@ )
*+
+,
+ ( L
( (
(
*
EHJ
K
'
?3/
N
+ /
0
9
B
'
(
)
)
)
*' )
( *
) (
A
'57
* $ A
( ) ( (
( * ' &
>&55 ? * N RFFS* #
(
5
(
R20S (
)
5
) ( ) ( &55
) )*
&55 * (
2 $
)
(
* '57
2
(
*'
A * $ L
A
@; ) (
OX*
'57 $
EHK
) )
*
A *
( ()
(
>5/$?
K*H
?31
'
N
+ /
0 ) (
'N+
* 'N+
*
$
/$$ 'N+
*"
)
A
'N+ L
/$$ &37
( *
/$$
N'$
( /$$
(
/$$
*
)
) *
(
) ( )
* (
(
*
8 ( A ( )
* $ * #+$
(
L * 2
)
) )
( L
*
(
(
#+$
) )
2
(
( )
( 2 )
*$ ) (
) L
'N+ ( (
2
*
?31
. $ (
) & $ +
+D ' ) ,
8
* +D '
) ) $
)
$G *
)
EH0
K
'
N
+ / )
$
)
* $
)
$ /$$ 8
L
(
* $
+A '
(
+D ' )
* $ A
+D '
(
(
*/ A*
$G
( '+ W
L '+
'N+ , (
?31,
L
&
*
0C > .
>,> A
$ 8 (
*$ 'N+ /$$
/$$ (
) (
( A(
*
/$$
L
( /$$
L
* 8
*
8 (
8
* A(
A
/$$ (
( *$ * F*
$ +
8 2 (
2 *
) +D '
L * (
EB1
( *
K*H
' +
N
+ /
A(
(
(
&37
*+ (
* $
* 5
)
#+$ > *
E02*EBK*AAA*(((?* ( ) ( A )
(
!
; &&
-
( A *
&
!
!! &
.
( '
# -
*/ 0
1
2
%( 34
F $
5 -
/
& )
(
3
. ) 8 ) * + EBE
K
'
N
+ / ( ( *
*G
(
)
* 6
$
34
(
21
) * $ A 7 .
2
2
* $ ) * $
3 5 '57 '57 &37 * $ /$$
*
(
2
/$$
+D ' *
$
(
2 ( *$
(
2
)
$
(
)
* "
8 ( * )
) '
( ( *
2 A
(
&37 * 3
)
, 2 (
(
( )
* N (
2
2
)
( 2
*
?33
0
9
B
+
( L
* ) )
EB2
K*H
'
N
+ / ( ) *
>/5'?
(
)
(
)
L (
*+
/5' ( * *) ( * $ (
'3
( L ( )
A ) )
*
( )
8
)
(
)
( *
A (
$
( > +3 ( )
$
+
* (
L
? *& + +3 A
$G
$G (
*
8 )
(*
'
(* $ ( '3 ) (
(
$G
L (
(
* $G (
L (*
+
#
( L
(
( )
* (
(
L
(
) $ ( )
)* $G * N
) )
+A
)
( ! (
" (
>/5'? ! =
!
!
EBF
K
'
N
+ / *$
)
@ )
! *$
(
)
*$ )
( (
G
*
! * 3
(
(
*
+
(
!
(* 3
( L
L
(
)
)
)
)(
* (
/5' $G*
(
$
(
/5'
(
@ •
3
)
+D 'C '3
L
* •
3
•
"
•
"
)
,#5
(*
'3
* *
(
( )
(
( $G
'3
* $
( /5'
)
*
$G
@$
* $ * / 3 3
/
/
) $G* $ 7 *
7
EBG
(
L $G )
3 () )
/ ) A *
+D '
K*H
'
N
+ /
7
(
"
5
+A
&
(
( * H
7
7 * $ / 3
)
/
*
A A* $
)
( C
# C
A #
8
*
) )
C*
C 7
, 8
(* $
,
7
&
"
+A
)
*
5 '
.
8
8
*
4 < 4
@ 8
8 4 8
@ B
8 ' * 2 ' * *
94
::;
<
= 8
8 @
2 9; 'A
7 @
8 8
9;
*
8
> 3 @
'A
4 5 9;? '?
9 ::;?
9
9;?
C
@
';
D
$
+ F
$
+
! ! F
) ( $G (
) / *+ / 3 * $ (
3 ( 3
/
L * / ( )
B
) / (
( 3
/ 3
*
( *
/
* $
+
) * L / 3 7
* / *$ / 3
*)
*8
*
( +A
/ EBH
K
'
N
+ / 7
)
) *
"
3
( +A
A
(
) ( ,
7
) *N
7
"
+A 7
/ 8
) / 3 *
EBB
3
( * + / * * A * *3 8 * $ / 3
7 7
(
/ 7
+
& *N
! & +
F
!
* # ) ,
( *
K*H
'
N
+ /
$
( ,#5
+A
( * N
( )
* 3
( (
*$
(
)
A
L )
7
)
)
* (
,
7
"
7
* N (
8
)
( 8
(
( *J
*
)
7
(
( * $
) $G
( (
$ ( 5 *$
+
L
7 )
* $ /
(
7 '
/
* +
g g )
$
g k g* ) ) /5'*
* EBJ
K
'
?34
N
+ /
0
0
B ( *$
,
W )
;
(X
(
( RE0S* '
)
( +A (
)
$G
, " * +
( L
) (
) * K* $ * *
* E2*
*$ ) )
) * $ + ) *
)
(
)
*
$ ) * 6
2
%
?
= 9; =
D
=
D
9
4 '
.
5
'
9;
<
= ' D D
$
EBK
"
;
K*H
'
N
+ /
$ (
#
"
.* (
8
L
)
8
* )
(
8
( ( 8
* &
8 *
* 0
)
) % (
8
, H
*
' )
* )
( * E2*
* !
,
. Z
, ,&
Z "
& E ,
,
,&
( $
*$ , " ; " ,
E ,
!
( .#
)
(
(
* * )
) * A
( * $
, >
) * E1? )
)
$G )
) (
( *
$
+ Y
C
C
*
(
*+ *$ )
L
A
(
)
) )
) (
(
( (
* EB0
K
'
N
+ / 6
2
% <
?
4 69 ; = * 9
= 9;? ;?
D D
$
.
"
E /2 =
1 FG =.
2 '
D 3 < E H7 -
0 /
2
8
#4
5 7 @
6
2
#H
@ %
0
/
/
D?
> :
! &
,!
+
#
& "
>
, (
*
.* ?
A
+
) (
* %
*
# EJ1
"
.
,
K*H
'
N
+ /
$
k )
L
(
) >EE*E?* ( >EE*F?
( 7
)
>EE*2?*
( L
>
>EE*G?* + >EE*H?* $ ( + (
+ * E2
+ ( ( k? + ) A
)
EF
) +k
L (
k
)
*
)
*
* E2 +* +
)
A )
' 6
2
%
*
?
= 9; =
D
=
D
9
'
.
4 <
5
;
'
9;
= ' D D ! 6
&
"
? 2
*
% <
E? 4 8 .
= 69 ; =
9;?
D D $
.
" EJE
K
'
N
+ / ( (
+k (
+k ) ( L
) +A
)
+
+k +*
+k
* EF
)
( ( * EG
) )
)
* (
(
A
(
* EH* 6
2
%
?
E= E9; =
D 9;= '
D D
$
6
"
? <
4
8 #= < D
!
= 69 ; =
4
8
8 ' 98 4
9/
2 -
6>
9;
%
E/;? <
;=
9;?
D D D $
EJ2
.
"
E
)
K*H
'
N
+ /
$
(
L A
(
) )
*
?34
#8
0
0
B
$
) (
L
@ +
(
A (
)
*'
)
) L
)
)
)
(
* * * * ' (
( )
)
(
*
$G (
( )
$G * $ 7
( ( (* )
7
)
A (
(
* $ 8
( )*
?34,
0
0
)H
$
H
L
&
, *$ A
( +A ( & A
L
)
) (
(
)
( )
7
(
)
) "
* )
* 7 +
+A 7 EJF
K
'
N
+ / A* N
)
+A
) * $
)
+A
(
+
)
7
,
* ' )
*
)
* EB
)
)
+A
) 7
) 8 4I @4 ' . 29B 8
4
8 C
-
)
94 8
8
5
9
*
C ;
=
8 * B 9
8
;;=
8 ;
8
9
;
D = ' D D D
$
&
" I "
!
:
"
$
+A )
) )
*
( ( *
?34/
0
)
0
)
)
)H (
)
(
) (
'
7 7
( ) K
EJG
8 ' !K " B K *$ '
* + (
) / J ! ( '55
( ! KLM 7
5
( B
K*H
'
N
+ /
7
7
* ) ) ( @ '
7
)
$
( ( ,
) ( 7
7
* 8
(
)
7
)
(
*
$
7 8
)
7
(
7
* $ )
) (
)
7
* $
L
7 7
' ( )
* '
(
* $ '
7 7
(
)
)
( )
* 7 7
' 7
8
(*
' )
7
) )
7
) '
$
*
)
'
7 7 L
L $ )
+
( )
$ * / ) ) (
*
* -A 7
) )
) (
)
7 (
7
)
*
7 7
7
7 ) L
( ) EJH
K
'
N
+ / ) * (
) ( ) *
?341
B &
0
( (
A 7
*$ (
( (
) '
7
)
7
)
( 7 *'
L
)
( ) (
(
* $ 7
+ 8
*
A
* EJ ( &
'
* ' 6* (
] ( (
) ' )
&
6
6
)
EJB
) D ] D* $
+
'
!
+ ( 5
' '
*
*
) * '
7
5
K*H
'
N
+ /
?343 $
(
7 L
*
) )
)
( *$ +
' *$ ) 8 / 5
(
( > +3 ? )
(
(
(
+3
( L
(
*
( / 5 ( ( ) * )
'
)
+3 (
(
)
)
(
(
7
'
W
' ( +3 7
( *
* EK
)
7
(
( )
(
* '
+
(
a * '
5
(
) (
(
(
F
*
&
* EJJ
K
'
N
+ / $ ) (
(
)
)
)
)
*'
) () * ) *
) '3
)
L ) ( ) '3 (
* $ '3
?3=
0
(*
&
$
)
(
@+ ) " ! "
?
*+
! > * *
> * *
"
L
>)
L
(
? ?* $
)
8
@ E* $
(
( (
(
* 2* $ *$ ( A
( *
C
L
A
*$
* ) A
A
)
) (
) *
EJK
K*H
'
N
+ /
)
8 *+
A
A
(
A )
* )
A
*
( ( *+
)
( (
^ * N
( L
( (
*
?3=
&
.
$
RFKS* (
(
* +
( * )
A
*
5 L ) RES
<
<
(
'
'
><
* '?
(
(
(
( (
* *
) (
>
?
L )
* $ )
( *
) EJ0
K
'
N
+ / *
A )
* + )
A
A ?*
>* *
)
(
C
( )
)
* $
) (
) +
(
*& + * $
( )
*
A
( L
?3=,
G
#&
*
> ) )
( )
)
)
* /
A
(
* $ )
* * N
(
)
;
(
X (
(
)
)
* V*
) (
V
)
* N V
( ( (
$
*
( )
)* A
)
(
* ) (
EK1
(
V)
(
*
K*H
'
N
?3=/
+ /
&
< ( ( *$
(
A
)
(
L
*+
^
(
>* * *
C
? (
)
) (*
$
^ (
*? )
*
> * *
) )
(
(
( >
A ( )
( )
$
?*
(
( A
( *$
(
)
@ E* 0
.
0
.
+
( )
) (
*
(
) * 2* &
!
+
( ) F* F
L ( '-$ d /N"- RF1S* $ ( *+ 8 *
(
! * * $
L
EKE
K
'
N
+ / (
( A *
) * $ )
) >
?
) * $ (
)
(
(
)
>V (
(
(
>V
V?*
)
L L
( V?
(
)
) * ( (
( *$ )
( (*
?3=1
0B
#
$
%% &
!
&
"
EK2
!!
,
K*H
'
N
+ /
+ ( * E0* $
(
)
" *$ ( )
&
#
( )
8
(
* $
( ( ) )
*
* $
)
(
L
)
>E?
)
) >2?* $
)
>F?* $ ( >G? >H?* $ L
* $ ( * $
(
)
^ )
)
) (
* A
>B?* $ >J? > * *
) (?* $ ( >J?
)
A * $ (
(
>
?
(
>K? (
) )
>0?* $ ) *
EKF
K
'
N
+ / $
(
L A
) )
)* $ * 21*
(
$ *
)
( )
( )
L
) *$
*
$
(
> * * A ? *$
> * * )
(
(?
)
)
( )
) )
A
(
( *
>)
)
?
' $ ' $ $ % +
$ (((
)
*
& (((
,
$
EKG
! & 0
& !!
" ,
K*B $
) * ) ) * $
(
(
(
L
(
) (
*
$
( ) * '
A
(
(
L
( > * *
> * *
)
) ? ( L
( (
( (
( (
L
?* W
(
(
(
(*
?4 ) ( ) A L
)
(
* $ ( *+ ( (
*
( )
*
$
* (
( ) )
)
* $ b b
)
*' ( (
;
(X
EKH
K
'
N
+ / RE0S* )
) * ( (
*
( )
*
?= $ $ >'
??
)
(
( "4 ? C 9 BEH $
(
( ' ( +)
"
(
5
8
"$?*
% RES
+* '* + < (
N* 3 '
5*
*
; '<
! R2S
9* + +
&
8 # )] 7
*
7
#* +
2 RGS
0
RBS
+* 3* "
;$ ) &
* )
& E @ . 211H >
'
; (X
!
# !
?
*
* -
@+ +
I * BE I KB* ;+ $ @CC8 *
* N
=
211G*
=
7*
#* + ;N
* + $ > > >
! * EBI2H*
!
3
RHS
)
" # &'+ 211G X
" RFS
@ "
X &
EKB
+ >-
'
*3 ) 3 (
(+
X & &
-L . ! 211F
H*1X * "* " &
C
C ) '(
A*
*
;*X > 2112
" & ! * EG2G EG20*
>
#
K*K 3 RJS
*
*
A
& RKS
-* ;$ ) 3
*" ' X
$ R0S
$* / ( * +
! ( 211F*
* 6
'* '
> > >
( !
+*
*
) RE1S ]* '* '
)
+ " REES -*
;$
N #
=
#
* FJFI FKG*
'* 3 ( 7* ;" 7 E 6 6 @ & = & 211F * G1JIGEK*
, &
. ! % 211G * H0 I BH*
"* 7
N > > > $ 211H
=
.
+
& ) @ ' X
1
*
#* 7 2 '( !! !
'
= *
'*
) 211E
*"
' @CC)))*)F*
5 C$3C) *
RE2S - -- ;' (X *
211G
REFS *
+*
X
=$
7 '
*)
@CC ;N
5
@ -A * C
*
$ A X
( . * EEKIE2K*
211F REGS *
!
*9 !
REHS *
5* *"
,* $
$ *"
&
) X
REBS *
*9 @ +
5 ( REJS $*
'( =
E 1
'* 3 "
$
& 211F*
# A6 @ 8 2
0
) N
*/ /* 9 3* ' ' + 211G * E E0*
'* $ X
3
!
9
,* # N %
* )
7
( +* 58 +* +* ' ( * ' ,* 3 * ;$ E*1
(
E
# #
;$
'
+
! 2112
* E FE*
"
( &
#
+* '
;+ #
EKJ
K
'
N
+ / ) X E 6 6 E * 2 REKS $* E N
& E 4 3 => &
"* ' + / , & .= G *+ "
RE0S $* R21S 5*
;/ "
*
0
' 211H*
(
"* ' .
1
*
*
*
A
$* ,* " D* 3* $ A * + ( X > > > ( . ! 211H > ?* h
(
]*
*7
,* " 5
D* +
;
R2FS ;$
$
G*1 X 2
F
@CC)))*
5* # ) # #
R2JS +*
C
C
(
X
;+ 7
(@ + # * + " &
) $ 211F
!
& > > > * EBK I EJH*
;N 211E
!
!
!
X * -
(
*
;& '
% * EFJIEGG*
211F
-
?*
+* 9 9
* 3
5 !
, & 2112
,* "* ;
X
211H >
EKK
= 2
; !
+
#
)
!
!
'* 9
* ]* 7 +* N
R22S $*
R2BS +* 5
(
( 211F*
" E 6 6 4
R2HS ,* / '
5
;#
&
R2GS #* '* ' ( &
'
X
$* / ( - *
) * G 2E* &
+* ' X
A
;
# * JHIKF*
211G
7* 3 +
* -* , " -
2 2112 X
3* + 8
R2ES
& '
* -
"* ' '
,
,
=
(5 X * HEIB2*
5* # ( F * GE0*
&
#
3 ( ;+ &
.
! +
)
X #
K*K 3 R2KS ; " " X * R20S
# A * 2 F* C
@CC
C
&55 $ E EE 211G http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi-tech-wp.pdf
RF1S -* 9 "* 7 *E RFES
5* ( ;'-$ BG '-$ X ! * J0 211E*
5* + "
7
,*
*
)
* 9 X
( > :! RF2S ;7
)
X
RFFS 5* "
*F
)
*7
;+ , ! 1 * BGFIBB2*
, H#3 211E *
C
"*
'
5* " #* ' @ $
* 2
@ @ HO
'* " "* 5* " 5 * $* ( "* ' "* ' 9* '( ; ' N 7' + X , , ( . ! ( " ( ! ' 5 &'+ ' 211G * 2B G2* 3*
*# ;/
((
;& X 2 0 . ) 2112* * EK 2G
'* ' (@ 5
5* 5
X
'
$ ,
RFBS #+'+ + ) C *
,
'* 9
W
(
.
!
25 - 33
' X 2112
5 @CC)))*
*
;#+'+ * C+
C
*
RFJS N+' '* @CC)))* Z)
'
3 *
$* @ +
$ 3 L
X
&
-
, % 211F*
!
RFKS -* ' +
,* ( 5 >
)
=" , @ =
@CC)))*
RFGS "* " &, RFHS
C
*
C
) *
C Y
"* ' -
*
211G* O) Y ;$
" '
N 211H*
-
EK0
K
'
N
+ / RF0S
;
IP $
"E ,6 1 I "
RG1S "* 3 (
"* ;2
,* " . ! E * FF GG*
RGES $* 3
5* 3 2
/* '
5 ;$
" 5
$ . '
+* "
*" , @ , 211G
3 "
"
(X
!
#
# # * EGG EG0*
2112 8 ) * ,* '
+* 9 5* ' ,*
$* 2 OX 1 C&'+ '
2 '
+* ' ) @ + '( # ) & & & , ( ! =
RG2S '* ' '* 5 *' (
211F* A
$*
9* *
( ,* '
*'
;"
) X
= 2
0
RGFS "* ' N 5 *
$* + / *
RGGS "* ' (
$*
RGHS /* 5 '
$ . 211G
& *
*
@
RGBS * '
E 6 6 + " 211G RGJS &*'* 5 "'
*
RGKS
-
@ '3 * @ ---
-
3* 9 )
;+ 7
5* 9 @ + '
+ $ * EG0 EB1*
(;
'
'
211H >
?* )
'
"*
'( !! #
* 9
/* 7
'
X & ' &
(N X 211E
' @CC X
;5 @CC
*)
5 *
&'+
-
(
*
*
*
C)
* RG0S $ >'N+ ? X 211F E01
#
* $ ) ' * '( * * 211G * 21E 210*
E0 ! * 2HE I 2HJ*
& 211H
3* " ;
* F ---
C *
X F ---
F
* FK1 I FKJ*
3* "
+
!
;' @CC)))*)F*
N 8 C$3C
+ C*
C
K
. 9 0
. 0
9 #C
"& G
-G
)
K $
>'N+? ) (
'57 RHS
'N+ R2ES
> * *
) )
?_ DN )
V '
+
)
) ) >N '+? R0 KS
V` * !
)
"
#
$
R0 21S *$ (
(
*$
N '+
)
E0E
0
"
5
5
' ( * + ) $ 3
N
+
) ' > '3 ? REGS
'3 ?
3
* 0
> '
"
( 0
*
"
' 3
) ) (
)
*
'3 )
)
A
* $
'3
) ) (
*
# ) V (
'3 ) L ?* R22S 5 $ ) ( V A( "*' * ( ) * ) +A , (
V ( A ( V
V
> $G? $
H*H
)
(
) fV $ ( $
G*1
) $G * $
8 ) (
)
*
"
>"5+? RE2 2S A )
) ( E* $
" (
( *$
E02
)
)
A
*
(
)
L
^
A A
>
" ()
(
( (
( > "? ( ( ) )
@
)
0*E 2* $
'
"
> '"?
(
) ,2-) * F* $
7 ( ) )
* * (
"5+
) (
(
(
(
"
(
'" (
* $ '" (
" RJ 2FS*
'
(( (
( )
$
*
) A (
RBS
)
( )
"5+ (* N (
( )
)
(
)
)
* ) (
) ) *$
) ( "5+
(
* * $ (
L
"
'"
'" "5+
(
V
V* $ '"
'" '"
&"7 (
)
) "
'" (
*$ E0F
0
"
5
5
'
N
'" ,
(
( ) ( (
) $ )
+ (
A
*
* ' 0*F " '" "5+ ,
) ( * '
) *' A 0*G
0*2
* '
0*H *
K,
%
'
K,
0
#C
$
N
'
+
>N '+? *
N '+ '
3
)
> '3 ? L
N '+
* ' (
'3
K,,
$
G > $G? REBS
.
9
K,,
0 REES $ (
'3 *#-$ RFS*
.9 * '" ) ( N3 +
" ) )
) '"
) * & ) ) N '+ ) * "
*
RES
(
7
' * $ )
"5+ E0G
*$
0*2 3 )
"
'"
* $
)
)
"5+
*
K,,,
0
#C
0
.9
'
A )
$
(
"5+
)
(
* @ +
) C '57 *
+
'57 ) "5+
C&"7 REFS* $ ) * 5 ( > ?
N > ? '"
( ( > ? " " ( *' ( *
) " '" &"7 $
( *$ )
'N+
)*
'57
RGS* $ &"7
) '"
)
*
'" (
*
'57 ) ( REHS
-5N '57
)
* #
) "
&"7
) + '57 &"7 ( '57 &"7
'57 '" REJS* +
* '57 ) &"7
(* + (
'57 ( '57
* '
E0H
0
"
5
5
' * $ (
N
+
) "5+ * (
) C&"7 )
* N L
(
)
C '57 (
(
"5+
* REK E1 E0S 'N+
)
"5+ " '"
'" ( *
K/
.9 .
:
K/
> . 5 B :-
8H
$ * )
) )
* E )
& A )
@
)
A ) * $
" (
) (
*$
(
(
) ( )
* $
(
)
*
) (
(
) )
"
) )
* $ (* $ ")
) '"*
G E0B
:
!
.
)
*$
0*F "5+ "
@+ +
-A
! &
K/,
>0. 5 B :
0
"
G
*
9
$G
@
* $ * (
(
* ( '57 ( )
@
( '57
,#5 * (
* 2 *$ ( '
) )
E0J
0
"
5
5
'
N
+ * $
( (
) $(
( )
)
( +
)
(
G
*
(
7
)
& ( )
$
E0K
)
&"7*
$G*
) * 7&
*F
9 8 '"* $ )
'57
0*F "5+ "
@+ +
-A
) '57
) * '
'57 A
$
A () X
)
(
(
*
(
) ) * $( (
(
K//
*
X
)
(
) ( +
(
) ) ) * G?*
> E E
( *
0
$
-
'
.
)
>#
>#
<
* * #
#
9
@
># >#
' *
5 *2
2 #
.
J '9
? 2
#
8 # 5 # 5 99 #
@
;
<
* 5 5
.' =
A
5 @ 5
. .
), ),
A 7 '"
5B :
= 4
)
5 5
. 5
.
C
9;? 9;? 9;? 5
;?
' #
5
. *
5
9;?
8 5
8
9; A
;
';?
D
!
.
"
$
+A A$(
)
) * $ 8 E00
0
"
5
5
'
N
+ )
* $ 8 *
+A $
(
)
A * ( '
*H
) )
* N ( *$ )
)
)
*
4 /'
J 57 * 1 /
4
J 2
A/ 8 # < 8 #
# . 8 # 5 2
8 #
1"$"$ . 6 7
E
# J 57 * / ' 8 # -
2 / A 4
1 #4
1"$"$ .
2
2 /
/? 2
#4 >#
/?
#
* 9;? < @ 5?
# < @ 5C *
. 8 # E 6 9;? #<@5 * . < 5 2 ># 9;? #<@5 9 . 92 # J 57 ; ; ? #@ * 2 # 8 # #@ ># @ 92 # < @ 5; ? 8 5 5 5 * 2 #@ 5 9 . 8 5 9;;? <@5 * 5 < 5 2 9;? 8 # @ ># * 8 # @ ># @ 9 < @ 5; ? @ 9/ @ . /C . 5 C 5 ;?
2 2 2
!
K/1
0 +
) > * $ )
211
( * $
? )
"
0*G + "5+ +
'
N
* '"
(
(
)
L ) "5+
A
*
K1
.9
0
+ "5+ ) " ( ) E? '" >
#C
(
*2
"5+ (* N ( F?
K1
A (* )
*
A
) (
)
'" ( * *2 A )*
(
A (
F
)* $ (
'"
&"7
0*F*2 '" ( ) )
(
"
*$
>
$
) )
'"
" >
'" ( '" '" ( *
>0. 5 B :
"
*$ " (
) "
@
(
) ( )
)
(
)
) ) '"
( ( * $
'"
(
) ) "5+
)
( *$ )
* B*
21E
0
"
5
5
'
N
+
+ $ &"7 ( *
&
) '"
*J
)
) *$
( +
(
@
"
3
*
" $
3
+
* "
'"
(
N"
RE2S*
N" "
(
( *
'" ( "
(
212
( (
*
(
0*G + "5+ +
'
N
! &
" * K
)
) (
) )
*2 ) *
)
) (
A
* (
(
) )
(+
)
(
$(
7
* +
" )
L
* $
'" A
) ( )
( *
21F
0
"
5
5
'
N
+
" *0
) * $
(
'"
* (
( )
( (
( ) )
)
* '"
)
( * $
)
$ '"
(
( (
) 21G
G
*# ) * $
(
0*G + "5+ +
'
N )
(
A " &"7
( (
) A
* $
(
( *+ (
(
A
) (
(
*$ )
) '"
K1,
(
)
'"
( *
5 B :$ '" * +
(
)
)
L
( "
* $ (
'"
)
(
) ) L
(* $
* H?* $ ( ) ( (+ * E1* + ) * $ 3 ( ) ) 4 5
( )
* G?
)
> 3 $(
( 7
*$
) 3
(
) ( "
(
)
*
7@ * /' 8 # 8 #
@ > (
1 8 #
-
! &
* 9/
. 5 @ .
8 # /;?
1"$"$/? 9 7@;?
"
21H
0
"
5
5
'
K =
N
+
8 K K K =
5 5
8 #
E
-
*$ ? * 94
5 '
4
2
6
. 5
9;? #
;
#
C
. '
6 2
.
' 2
D K
' ),
.
'
6 2
4 ),
C
B
-
94
;
= 2
. .
.
'
.
' 2
B
D 4
' .
@
94 ;
#
@
.
C
= 2
B
D D
" $ (
,
* $ (
'" , ,
* )
( A * EE
) 3
"5+ L ( A * $ , *$
d
) "
*$ ?
)
A
(
>
? (
( )
( )
21B
*$
d
+
( (
) )
) d >* * &"7
+
(
* ( A
0*G + "5+ +
'
N
> * *
)
?* $ +
) ) * $
)
*
( "
d d
3
+
) ) )
*
$
(
) * '
(
+
( *
* $
* E2 '
+
) >?
( )
L *$
3 ,
)
) (
3
(
) * $
* $ (
) EE )
* $ * E1 )
G
(
*
H* $
(
" E*J "' E
>#
5 ;
/
) D * -
'
.
5
9E
-
<
= 8 #
E
6 4
E
-
# 9;?
5 E -
9
5 >#
E
6
*
* . E 9 # E 6 8 # 9;;;?
5
9; 5
9;?
? D
" 21J
0
"
5
5
'
N
+
K3 ) ) L ) )
) "5+ A ( * + &"7 & A ) " ( ( * $
(
)
) A ( "5+ '"
(
(
( *$ "
(
)
(
L )
A
)
* $ '"
(
( ) (
(
A
(
,
'"
,
+
* $
* (
(
" )
A '"
)
"5+ * )
, *
(
) )
*
K4 $ $ >'
21K
) ( "4 ? C 9 BEH $
( ( ( 8
" 5
"$?*
( ' ( +)
+ >-
0*J 3
K=
% RES
'* + ) '
* ' @ E O 6
=Q R2S
+*
) * + @ "5+
-
RFS
RGS
RHS
RJS RKS
-*
* ' @CC)))*)F*
5* * & 3 > > > --2112* * * "5+@ $ ) " * *
"
* $ !
5 211G*
+ " $ 3 ) C
C *
#
C
'
" *
F *,
*+ , &
* ;
( H !
211G*
*" 7
'* ) > '57? E*E 211E*
* 5
'
* * 2KHI20H
& + !
I (
!
$ * EIG 211F*
( +* 58 +* ) */ /* 9 +* ' ( * ' 3* ' ) ,* 3 * $ N ' + E*1 * E E0 211G* *9 ,* # '* $ *$ ( @+ N ' + 5 '( * ! " & # ( = % * E FE 2112*
* (
RE1S
5 C$3C)
3* " 3
5* *"
,* $ R0S
" $ (^ '( @CC))) E1B* *
* (CFE11* 5* ( +* / "* , *#-$* , & G / # E20IEFB 211F* ,* h '* / 5* 7 "5+ + ' > > > > ! ) & * EIEF --*
RBS
5* " " * * 2 * JK I 0F 211G*
"
*
* @ $
+ &
+
* " 5 ) '( =Q ,E H
5 * $ * F2FIFK2 2111*
#
210
0
"
5
5
'
N
REES +*
+
*# " ) * * * BFF I BG0 '
RE2S ,* "
8
8
*
5
'
& ! 2112*
2
,* "
* N
"
+ E 4
=Q
) " $
(
5
3
3
N" ^ + * E B2
-
211E* REFS 3* " ( * " ' & 211H* @CC * * * C 8 C REGS N+' '* ' 3 )))* * C C Y ) * REHS N* *" -5N & H > > > ; ! & 211G* REBS $ 8 )))* * C REJS 3* l 5* ' 5 ' > > > , & " 7 > > > A6 9 8
'
>
! EE ---
R21S "* ' N .=
* '
211G* Z
! EIE2
]+$7* ) # ---
G*1 211G*
,* N *
,
" E 6 6 9 &
#$ = # * BFF I BG0 --211G* "* (* " N + * E I EF 211G*
( 3* &"7*
*'
)
;
5
# +
*
* H & !
' > > > &
* EI
211G* $* + / !
*
* $ ) &
* ) * 21EI210 ---
R2ES $
* ' @CC)))*)F*
>'N+ ? 211F* R22S 5* $
* $ Z$ " * EIB 211F*
2E1
>
$
5
'
RE0S 5* '
*EF *
'
*
REKS 3* 3 "
&"7C"5+ C (* ) * O) Y
'
f I
' @
# =
! 211G* N 8 + C$3C C* @ $ & ;
b N 8 $
b
H bundle exchanges · 75
A Abrechnung · 22, 28, 34 Abrechnungsmodell · 13, 14 Accounting · 22, 32, 77, 152, 186 ad hoc Grid · 144, 146 allocation · 64, 75, 106, 150, 151 Allocation · 62 allocative efficiency · 76 allocator · 67 Allokation · 19, 39, 41, 58 Allokationseffizienz · 38, 54 Allokationskosten · 42 Allokationsrate · 38, 52, 54 Anbahnungsphase · 36 Anwendung · 137 Anwendungsschicht · 5 Anwendungsschichtnetz · 52 Application Service Providing, 2. Generation (ASP-2) · 28 Application-Grid · 22 auction mechanism · 71 Authentisierung · 22, 27 autonomic computing · 186 Autorisierung · 22, 27
B Bag of Tasks (BoT) · 151 Basisdienste · 27 bid · 66 Billing · 32, 152, 186 billing system · 150 black box · 67, 133, 134, 135 Broadcast · 154, 156 Broker · 42 Broker-Komponente · 19
C C · 122, 123, 185 C++ · 122, 185 Choreographie · 23 Clash-Analyse · 3 Cluster · 8, 73, 85, 106, 107, 114, 121 Cluster Management · 8 Cluster-Infrastruktur · 13 Cluster-System · 7, 13, 137 Cluster-Technologie · 9 Codine · 2 Collaborative Engineering · 6 collaborative projects · 107, 124 commodity markets · 73 computational resources · 64, 75, 145 computational tractability · 69 compute clusters · 107, 109 Compute-Grid · 21 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) · 4, 7 confidentiality · 20, 86, 92 Content Distribution Netzwerk (CDN) · 40, 50 Cooperative Bartering and Sharing · 73 Corba · 193, 194
D data management · 86, 94 Data-Federation · 21 Data-Grid · 21 Datenschutzprobleme · 35 Datensicherheit · 141 Designparameter · 137 dezentral · 9, 22, 45, 137 Dienstauswahl · 37, 41, 58
2EE
Dienstauswahlmethode · 58 Dienstauswahlverfahren · 39, 48 Dienstfindung · 41, 54 Dienstsuche · 36 Dienstzugriffsmodell · 34 Double-sided mechanism · 70 Dutch Combinatorial Auctions · 74
E eBusiness · 17 eBusiness Umgebung · 24 eCommerce · 18 eEngineering · 18 electronic markets · 68 Electronic Markets · 83 encryption · 162 enhanced Business · 18 eScience · 18, 30 Evaluation · 100, 194 Externalisierung · 36
F fault management · 106 Fehlallokation · 44 Financial Services-Sektor (FSS) · 7 firewalls · 146 FORTRAN · 185 Funktionssicherheit · 27
G Generalized Vickrey Auction · 72, 74 Geschäftslogik · 8 Geschäftsmodell · 17, 24, 34 Geschäftsprozesse · 5, 17, 27 Gießprozess · 135, 137 Gießsimulation · 133 Global Grid Forum (GGF) · 24 Globalisierung · 29 GRACE · 47
2E2
granularity · 114, 124 Grid market · 64, 75 Grid Middleware · 11, 123, 145, 150, 192, 204 Grid service · 24, 123, 124, 144, 194, 205 Grid Service archive · 163, 177 Grid Technologie · 1, 17, 65, 134, 178 Grid-Architektur · 7 Grid-basierter Kooperationswerkzeuge · 138 Grid-Cluster · 7, 9 Grid-Infrastrukturen · 11 Grid-Nutzer · 23 Grid-Provider · 22 Grid-Verbund · 137
H heterogeneity · 86, 144 hot deployment · 144, 163, 175
I idle resources · 66 incentive compatibility · 68, 69, 76 Independent Software Vendor (ISV) · 6 Informationsdienste · 31, 32 Insourcing · 35 Instant Messaging · 40 Integration · 12, 24, 29, 87, 92, 99, 151, 191 Integrationsaufwand · 10 interaktiv · 138 interconnected workstations · 106 intermediaries · 67 Internet · 18, 40, 46, 107, 143, 163 internet applications · 85 internet infrastructure · 146, 153 Internet Service-Provider · 31 internet standards · 146 internet technologies · 85 ITC-Dienstleister · 31 ITC-Leistungen · 18, 19 ITC-Services · 17, 20, 29 IT-Dienste · 34
IT-Dienstleistungen · 12, 33, 34, 58 Iterative Combinatorial Auctions · 74 IT-Infrastrukturen · 12, 134
J J2EE · 193 Java · 122, 150, 160, 194, 205 Java Provider · 166
K Kalibrierung · 137, 138 katallaktisch · 47, 58 Katallaxie · 47 kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) · 3, 35, 133 Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen · 40 Konvergenz · 21 Konzept · 15, 23, 33 Koordinator · 42, 44, 54 koordinatorfrei · 33 Kosten · 6, 34, 35, 47 Kostenersparnis · 2, 33
L Lastverteilung · 2, 11 legacy code · 147 Life Science Grid · 107 Life Sciences · 7, 99, 107 Lizenz · 28, 31 Lizenzkosten · 12 load balancing · 106
M Market Engineering · 68 market mechanism · 64, 73, 76 market participant · 66, 67 Markov Chain · 113, 125
Maßüberschneidungsanalyse · 3 Messaging-Dienste · 31 metacomputing · 85 Metrik · 28, 33, 38, 48 Middleware · 2, 106, 112, 124, 147, 151, 192 middleware developers · 192 Middleware-Anbieter · 7 mittelständische Unternehmen · 35, 133 model driven architecture (MDA) · 192 model sweep · 121 model-guided discovery · 105, 108 Monte Carlo method · 97, 105, 112 Monte Carlo-Simulation · 7, 9, 109 multi-application · 152 Multicast · 40, 156 multi-disciplinary · 152 multi-organizational · 152
N neighborhood sweep · 121 Network Operation System · 11 Netzbetreiber · 24 Netzwerkszenarien · 33 Netzwerktopologie · 45, 51 non-intrusive · 145, 148, 165
O Object Request Broker (ORB) · 36 Offshoring · 29 On-demand Computing · 33, 58, 79 Open Agoric Systems · 47 Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) · 24 Operating System · 123, 147, 150, 157, 192 Optimierung · 47, 136, 137 organizational boundaries · 65, 79, 150 Outsourcing · 20, 30 Outsourcing-Entscheidung · 36 overlay networks · 153, 162 Overlaynetz · 58
2EF
P parallel computing · 85 Parallelrechner · 135, 140 parameter fitting · 97, 103, 105, 109, 112, 114, 124, 125 Patch-Management · 8 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) · 40, 45, 50, 65, 150, 153, 159 Platform Independent Model (PIM) · 192 Platform Specific Model (PSM) · 193 Preismodell · 29 Problemdefinition · 138 Problemlösungsumgebung · 24 process chain · 86 process monitoring · 107 Produktionsprozess · 134, 136 Proxies · 28 Prozesssimulation · 138 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) · 13
Q Quality of Service (QoS) · 179
R Rechenkapazität · 21 Rechenleistung · 2, 21, 33, 40, 59, 137, 139 Rechnerverbund · 137 Remote Procedure Call (RPC) · 26 Repeated Vickrey Auction · 72 replication · 73, 155 Replikation · 6 Resource Broker · 41, 52, 67 resource consumer · 67, 70 resource information manager · 67 Resource Management Framework (RMF) · 154 resource sharing · 64, 65, 85, 150 Resource-Provider · 22, 73, 78 Ressource-Grid · 22 Ressourcenallokation · 58
2EG
Rubens Cluster · 124, 141
S safety · 27 sandbox · 145, 169, 173 scalability · 150, 153 scalable · 105, 112 scheduling · 65, 72, 150, 181 Schichtenmodell · 24 Schnittstellen · 4, 22, 27, 28 Security · 27, 73, 86, 144, 148, 168, 178 separation of concerns · 193, 195, 196, 205, 208 service deployment · 156, 167, 185 service discovery · 144, 147, 153, 158, 159, 183, 185 Service Grid-Umgebung · 27 Service Level · 9, 15, 19 Service Level Agreement (SLA) · 5, 73, 185 Service-Broker · 25 Service-Grid · 17, 23, 32 Servicekomponenten · 29 service-oriented architecture (SOA) · 191 Serviceorientierte Architektur (SOA) · 31, 36, 49, 191, 195 Service-Provider · 29, 31, 159, 178, 180 Shared Services · 19, 27 Sicherheit · 13, 27, 32, 35, 134, 139 Sicherheitsarchitektur · 26 Sicherheitsdomäne · 22 Sicherheitsstandard · 20 Sicherheitstechnik · 28 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) · 26, 36, 143, 152, 159, 191 Simulation · 18, 31, 47, 58, 73, 78, 87, 105, 133, 138 simulation algorithm · 112 simulation code · 112, 118 Simulation Data and Process Management (SDM) · 6 simulation problems · 85 simulation process · 87 simulation specialist · 108
simulation step · 105, 111, 121 simulation tools · 93, 107 simulation workbench · 91 simulation workflow · 89 simulation-based optimization · 109 Simulationsdaten-Management System · 6 Simulationslauf · 49 Simulationsmodell · 138 Simulationsmodellierung · 52 Simulationsrechnung · 2 Simulationsspezialist · 137 Simulationsumgebung · 48, 51, 136 Single Sign-On · 22 Skalierbarkeit · 47, 58 SLA-Verletzungen · 19 SOA-Konzept · 31 Softwareagenten · 47, 52 Spezifität · 36 Spitzenbelastung · 9 Standard Vickrey Auction · 72 stochastic simulation · 76 Supercomputer · 124 Supercomputerzentren · 2 Supercomputing · 90, 93 Supercomputing Center · 1 supercomputing centre · 85, 91 System Provisioning · 11 System-Integratoren · 12 Systemmanagement · 8, 11 Systems Biology · 97 Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) · 127 Szenarien · 3, 134, 139 Szenario · 2, 50, 135
T Technologie · 7, 59, 85, 101, 156, 193 Transaktion · 42, 45, 54 Transaktionskosten · 36, 37 Transaktionspartner · 41 Transaktionsphasen · 35, 36, 37 trust · 145, 178, 185 tunnelling · 159
U Ubiquitous Computing · 50 Uniform Access to Computing Resources (UNICORE) · 22, 31, 152 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) · 26, 36, 158
V Value at Risk · 7 verteilte Anwendung · 3 Vertrauen · 28 Vertraulichkeit · 20, 28 virtual prototyping · 93 Virtualisierung · 11, 15, 22, 25, 34 virtualization · 147, 191 Virtualization · 15, 78 Virtualization Engine · 15 virtuelle Fabrik · 134, 136 virtuelle Organisation · 6, 20, 22 virtueller Computer · 34 visualization · 86, 90, 93, 108, 118, 122
W web portal · 123 Web Service Notification · 37 Web Service-Resource Framework (WSRF) · 10, 37 Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) · 25, 36, 143, 152, 158, 162, 195, 199 Web Technologie · 21 web-portal · 124 Workflow · 26, 29, 86, 87, 92, 191 workflow engine · 151, 183 workflow engines · 186 Workstation-Grids · 7 Workstations · 2, 7, 72, 85, 91, 94, 106, 144, 145, 150 World Wide Web · 20, 46, 159
2EH
Z zentral · 4, 42, 43, 141
2EB
Zentralität · 41 Zulieferer · 3, 133 Zwischenschicht · 18
