Industrial Heating February 2011

February 2011

June 28 - July 2, 2011 • Düsseldorf, Germany

Official North American Media Co-Sponsor

Reducing Quench Distortion Distortio n p.39 DOC for Energy Savings p.43 Refractories and Energy Efficiency Efficienc y p.46 Microwave Melting of Uranium p.48 Web Search Power Pages p.6 ASM HTS insider p.51 A

Publication Official publication of ASM’s Heat Treating Society • www.industrialheating.com

Q UA L I TY

CAST I N GS

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FABRICATIONS

MADE IN AMERICA BASKETS & FA B R I C AT I O N S

ISO 9001 Certified : 2008

C A S T T R AY S & F I X T U R E S

RADIANT TUBES & FURNACE ROLLS

FURNACE COMPONENTS To place an order or receive a quote:

call 1.800.348.2880 email our sales staff at [email protected] OR contact your local sales representative.

WIRCO, INC. : AVILLA, INDIANA www.wirco.com

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phone: 260.897.3768

ALLOY ENGINEERING & CASTING COMPANY : CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS

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800.348.2880

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fax: 260.897.2525

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sales @ wirco.com

TECHNOLOGY

LP CARBURIZING FURNACES

CONTINUOUS FURNACES

Single and Multi-Chamber Designs Q Q Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units Q Q High Pressure Gas and Oil Quench Units Q Q Patented Cyclohexane Injection System Q Q Wide Range Of Companion Equipment Q

Single and Multi-Row Designs Q Q Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units Q Q Wide Range of Process Applications Q Q Various Levels of Automation Q Q Belt, Pusher, Roller Hearth, and Rotary Styles Q Wide Range Of Companion Equipment Q

For over 95 years, Surface Combustion has focused on applying our technical and practical experience to the pursuit of moving heat treating and furnace technology forward.

Surface Combustion will continue to work with our customers in providing them the best in rugged and reliable equipment and industry leading start-up/service capabilities, as well as process assistance, to meet all of their needs.

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Enhancing Past Technologies Expanding Existing Technologies Establishing New Technologies

NITRIDING FURNACES

FURNACE AUTOMATION

Gas Nitrider Designs Q Q Ion (Plasma) Nitrider Designs Q Q Gas-Fired and Electrically Heated Units Q Q Vertical and Horizontal ConÚgurations Q Q Completely Automated Q Q Companion Gas Generators/Incinerators Q

Various Levels of Automation Available Q Q Available for Batch or Continuous Furnaces Q Q Complete Networking/Trending Available Q Q Standardized or Custom Packages Available Q

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Surface® Combustion SURFACE COMBUSTION, INC. • 1700 INDIAN WOOD CIRCLE • P.O. BOX 428 • MAUMEE, OH 43537 PH: (419) 891-7150, (800) 537-8980 • FAX: (419) 891-7151 EMAIL: [email protected] • WEBSITE: www.surfacecombustion.com

Industrial Heating’s Web Search Power Pages ALLOYS

FURNACES & OVENS

Rolled Alloys

BeaverMatic, Inc.: Integral Quench Furnaces

Rolled Alloys is the global leader in specialty alloys, offering heat and corrosion resistant, aerospace, titanium and stainless alloys. Our inventory includes more than two dozen grades of nickel, stainless, duplex, titanium and superalloys in plate, sheet, bar, pipe and fittings, and welding materials. www.rolledalloys.com

BeaverMatic’s proven product performance and innovative furnace design is flexible, dependable and affordable. Contact: Kary Peterson, 815-963-0005 www.beavermatic.com

BURNERS & COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT Hauck Manufacturing Co. Hauck Manufacturing Company offers a wide range of combustion products including burners, blowers and controls and Kromschroder burners and control products. Contact: Michael Shay, 717-272-3051 www.hauckburner.com

CONTROLS, INSTRUMENTATION & TESTING EQUIPMENT Eurotherm Invensys Eurotherm has launched the nanodac recorder/ controller, offering the ultimate in secure graphical recording combined with PID control. www.eurotherm.com

LECO Corporation Manufactures analytical instruments for rapid elemental determination in inorganic and metals and metallographic equipment for materials testing and structural examination. Contact: [email protected]; 269-985-5496 www.leco.com

Super Systems: Furnace Control & Instrumentation At Super Systems Inc., we specialize in delivering products and services to the thermal-processing industry. Our products include oxygen probes, single-loop and programmable controllers, atmosphere analyzers including 3-gas NDIR, dew point, multi-point data logger (AMS 2750D compliant) SCADA software packages and engineered systems. Contact: Herb Bond, 513-772-0060 www.supersystems.com

FABRICATIONS Wirco: Castings and Fabrications A leading supplier of heat-resistant castings and fabrications to the thermal-processing industry. Wirco manufactures a full line of fabrications including baskets, fixturing, furnace fans (new and rebuilt), furnace rolls, muffles, corrugated boxes, wrought and cast radiant tubes and retorts. Contact: [email protected] www.wirco.com

6 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Can-Eng Furnaces, Ltd.: Furnaces, Heat Treating Leading North American designer and manufacturer of heattreating equipment for ferrous and nonferrous metals. Products include furnaces, auxiliary equipment, atmosphere generators and process-control systems. Quality management system is registered to ISO 9001, 2000. Contact: Steve Cropper, 905-356-1327; [email protected] www.can-eng.com

G-M Enterprises: Heat-Treating Furnaces G-M manufactures a wide range of furnaces, including vacuum, box, bell, batch and continuous. Contact: Suresh Jhawar, 951-340-4646 www.gmenterprises.com

SECO/WARWICK Corp: Heat -Treating Equipment Heat-treating equipment manufacturer offers Metal Minutes Newsletter and Heat Treating Data Book free of charge - click at the link at the top of our home page and sign up today! Contact: Beth Ryan, 814-332-8437 www.secowarwick.com

Surface Combustion, Inc.: Heat-Treating Furnaces Industrial heat-treating equipment including furnaces, auxiliary equipment, atmosphere generators and process controls. Contact: Daniel E. Goodman, 419-891-7150 or 800-537-8980 www.surfacecombustion.com

Wisconsin Oven Corp.: Ovens Custom and standard models, gas or electric, temperatures to 1400˚F, factory tested and adjusted. Contact: Gary Hanson, 262-642-3938; [email protected] www.wisoven.com

Wellman Furnaces: Heat-Processing Systems Specializing in continuous or batch process; small or large loads; long or shot cycle; fixed or variable process; electric or fuel fired. Contact: Bob Longstreet, 317-398-4411, ext. 211 www.wellmanfurnaces.com

HEATING ELEMENTS Custom Electric Manufacturing Co. Custom Electric designs and builds original equipment and replacement heating elements for heat treating, die casting and related industrial thermal-processing applications. Contact: Bob Edwards, 248-305-7700 www.custom-electric.com

Industrial Industrial Heating’s Heating’s Web Web Search Search Power Power Pages Pages Sandvik Heating Technology USA: Heating Systems ECOTHAL® SER Burner System offers twofold benefit: Consumes 30% less fuel for the same net power AND reduces greenhousegas emissions by 4-5 times compared to other SER-type burners on the market today. Contact: 1-800-526-8425 www.kanthal.com

INDUCTION HEATING EQUIPMENT CEIA USA: Induction Heating Systems CEIA manufactures induction heating generators, controllers and pyrometers that enable closed-loop feedback for precision heating. Designed for seamless integration into automation, CEIA’s generators can handle endless applications. Contact: 888-532-CEIA www.ceia-usa.com

THERMOCOUPLES Furnace Parts LLC Furnace Parts is an industry leader in the manufacture of specialty thermocouples and temperature sensors. Our expertise includes a full line of assemblies. www.furnacepartsllc.com

NANMAC Corporation: High-Performance Thermocouples & RTDs NANMAC designs and builds temperature sensors for the most demanding applications. Millisecond response, long-term use in molten metals, graphite-lined vacuum furnaces to over 4300˚F with extended life. Contact: Alicia Gladney, 508-872-4811 ext. 214; [email protected] www.nanmac.com

VACUUM PUMPS

Induction Tooling, Inc.: Equipment & Services

Metallurgical High Vacuum Corp.

Specializing in the design, building and repair of selective hardening quick-change inductors. Contact: David Lynch, 440-237-0711 www.inductiontooling.com

Manufacturer of vacuum process equipment, providing indepth service, design, and engineering on a wide range of highvacuum equipment, including re-building of vacuum pumps, blowers, and diffusion pumps. Our experts build new Rotary Piston Pumps, and remanufacture most brands and models of vacuum equipment. Contact: Dave Petersen, 269-543-4291 www.methivac.com

Inductoheat, Inc.: Equipment & Services Inductoheat, Inc. is one of 40 companies making up the Inductotherm Group and is leading the world in induction heating technologies. Inductoheat can solve your most challenging heat-treating problems with our wide range of induction heating equipment and services. Contact: Tim Boussie, 800-624-6297 or 248-585-9393 www.inductoheat.com

KILN FURNACES Saint Gobain Ceramics: Structural Ceramics, Hexoloy

Professional Support Services to Industry Increase productivity, lower energy and operating costs, improve worker output and satisfaction, and increase company profitability. Let our staff put their practical, engineering, and scientific experience to work for you!

Education/Training

Consulting • HT/Met

Process Analysis

Problem Solving

Furnace Diagnostics

Marketing Studies

Hexoloy® Silicon Carbide beams, rollers, tiles and batts. Contact: Paul Faker, 716-278-6209 www.hexoloy.com

REFRACTORIES & INSULATION SGL Carbon Group SGL is a full-service material supplier specializing in hightemperature applications and customer support. Contact: Lee Young, 610-670-4070 www.sglcarbon.com

Unifrax High-temperature insulation products including Fiberfrax ceramic fiber, Insulfrax and Isofrax soluble fiber, and Foamfrax thermal insulation. Contact: Virginia Cantara, 716-278-3832 www.unifrax.com

THE HERRING GROUP, Inc. Home of The Heat Treat Doctor® Phone: 630-834-3017 Email: [email protected] • Web: www.heat-treat-doctor.com

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 7

Innovative solutions for demanding applications Kanthal heat treatment technologies provide a range of solutions for industrial furnace users that offer increased efficiency and productivity. Based on our 50+ years of comprehensive heat treatment experience, we have developed customer value caMculators (CVCs) which demonstrate the financial and operational impact that can be achieved from an investment in Kanthal heating technologies. You will be surprised at the speed of payback!

Discover how to make your process greener and more profitable. Speak with a Sales Engineer today. Call 1-800-KANTHAL (526-8425) or visit our website www.kanthal.com.

Kanthal – a Sandvik brand 1-800-KANTHAL (526-8425) www.kanthal.com

CONTENTS

February 2011 • Vol. LXXIX • No. 2

On the Cover:

A R T I C L E S

A unique process has been developed that melts metal with microwaves. The author of the article on p. 48 is seen standing in front of an MSTI microwave batch melter. He is holding several uranium-alloy plates that were cast using this melter.

39

Distortion Reduction by Aqueous Polymer Quenching of Aluminum Alloys Patricia Mariane Kavalco and Lauralice C. F. Canale – University of São Paulo: São Carlos, SP, BRAZIL George E. Totten – Portland State University; Portland, Ore. Traditionally, hot water is often selected as an alternative to coldwater quenching of heat-treatable aluminum alloys for distortion reduction. The levels of reduction are often modest, however, and this article looks at more effective means. Industrial Gases/Combustion

43

Installation of Dilute Oxygen Combustion System at Jinlong Anode Furnace Huang Yongfeng, Chen Yanjin and Huang Huirong – Jinlong Copper Co. Ltd.; Tongling, People’s Republic of China Ren Xaoxue – Praxair (China) Investment Co. Ltd.; Shanghai, CHINA William Kobayashi – Praxair, Inc.; Tonawanda, N.Y. A successful implementation of Praxair’s dilute oxygen combustion oxy-fuel technology at Jinlong Copper Co. Ltd. resulted in a second installation in a scrap-melting furnace. The technology is designed to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions.

46

F E A T U R E

Nonferrous us Heat Treating

Ceramics & Refractories/Insulation

Refractory Selection and Environmental Footprint Brian Bradley – Unifrax I LLC; Niagara Falls, N.Y. In today’s economic climate, reducing the environmental footprint of a manufacturing facility makes good business sense on a couple of fronts. Improved energy efficiency results in lower net operating costs and either higher profitability or better ability to compete in the marketplace.

48

Nonferrous Melting/Forming/Joining

Industrial-Scale Melting of Uranium Using Microwave Energy Kevin R. Brooks – MS Technology, Inc.; Oak Ridge, Tenn. During the years since a U.S. patent was issued for a transformational industrial process used to melt metal with microwave energy, the process has been significantly refined. A practical foundry solution employing microwave technology is quickly evolving into a commercial reality.

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 9

18

COLUMNS 18

Editorial Nonferrous in 2011 This month, we take a look at what’s happening in the nonferrous world and how these happenings may shed some light on how 2011 will shape up for our industry and the economy.

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Federal Triangle America’s Immigrants are Industry’s Employees Barry Ashby argues that Americans welcome immigrants who bring competence and character to their new country. It is illegal workers, however, who bias and distort industrial activity and reduce work prospects for American citizens.

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The Heat Treat Doctor™ Innovations in Aluminum Heat Treatment Recent innovations in aluminum heat treating suggest that it is possible to improve heat-treat processing techniques, shorten cycle times and lower costs without sacrificing production quality.

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Environmental & Safety Issues Mission: Safety A recent survey of leading safety experts reaffirmed that (safety) values are “caught” not “taught.” We provide their top seven recommendations for your review and consideration.

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IHEA Profile Safety Standards Seminar Coming Soon

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Now You Know The Kitchen Sink Too If you think we have covered “everything but the kitchen sink” in our Now You Know columns, this month you won’t be disappointed. Have a good idea for a future column? We’re all ears.

SPECIAL SECTION 51 HTS insider – News from the ASM Heat Treating Society

DEPARTMENTS 32

Industry News

55

Products

37

IH Economic Indicators

59

The Aftermarket

38

Industry Events

61

Classified Marketplace

54

Literature Showcase

66

Advertiser Index

INDUSTRIAL HEATING Volume 79, Issue 2(ISSN 0019-8374) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: INDUSTRIAL HEATING, P.O. Box 2147, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to INDUSTRIAL HEATING, P.O. Box 2147, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

10 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Industrial Heating is the official publication of ASM’s Heat Treating Society and official media partner of ASM’s HT Expo & Conference.

Anytime, Anywhere

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Anchor-Loc 3 insulating fiber

modules keep your project on schedule with consistent, reliable performance anywhere in the world. ®

Anchor-Loc 3 insulating fiber modules are specifically designed and manufactured for the global market, providing a winning combination of performance, reliability and consistency you can count on anywhere in the world. This new generation ® Insulating Fiber Modules of Anchor-Loc modules is designed to meet a wide range of application requirements in a variety of heat processing vessels. They provide continuous S-folded blanket construction for improved thermal performance in high temperature applications and are available in various fiber chemistries, temperature grades and densities to meet the most demanding requirements. Anchor-Loc 3 modules offer:

Consistent design & quality assurance Anchor-Loc 3 module design features construction from a continuous fold of spun blanket, stainless steel alloy hardware and center mount attachment. The design allows for consistent furnace layout, ease of installation and dependable service life. All components meet or exceed established industry standards assuring the same high quality worldwide.

Fast, cost-effective delivery The Unifrax sales team provides design recommendations, engineering layout and product sourcing options, ensuring a costeffective furnace lining solution wherever you’re located in the global market.

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For more information and a list of our worldwide manufacturing locations, visit the Unifrax website, call 716-278-3800 or email [email protected].

Anchor-Loc 3 modules are produced in each of our global manufacturing centers using the same raw material specifications, dimensional tolerances and assembly procedures, providing product uniformity and consistency worldwide.

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www.thermprocess-online.com

Manor Oak One, Suite 450, 1910 Cochran Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 Phone: 412-531-3370 • Fax: 412-531-3375 Website: www.industrialheating.com

Düsseldorf, Germany June 28 – July 2, 2011

Doug Glenn Publisher • 412-306-4351 [email protected] EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION STAFF Reed Miller Associate Publisher/Editor–M.S. Met. Eng., [email protected] • 412-306-4360 Bill Mayer Associate Editor, [email protected] • 412-306-4350 R. Barry Ashby Washington Editor Dan Herring Contributing Technical Editor Dean Peters Contributing Editor Beth McClelland Production Manager, [email protected] • 412-306-4354 Brent Miller Art Director, [email protected] • 412-306-4356 AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Christina GietzenAudience Development Coordinator Alison Illes Multimedia Specialist Catherine M. Ronan Corporate Audience Audit Mgr. For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel. (847) 763-9534 or Fax (847) 763-9538 or e-mail [email protected] LIST RENTAL Postal contact: Rob Liska at 800-223-2194 x726 [email protected] Email contact: Shawn Kingston at 800-409-4443-828; shawn. [email protected]

Welcome to the 10th International Trade Fair and Symposium for Thermo Process Technology! Industrial furnaces, heat treatment equipment, components, testing and refractory technology on display together with the symposium for thermo process technology will bring you up to speed with the latest developments for successful business. The focus will be on innovations for energy and resource efficiency as well as sustainability, especially highlighted by the exhibitors in the ecoMetals segment.

ADVERTISING SALES REPRESENTATIVES Kathy Pisano Advertising Director, [email protected] • Ph: 412-306-4357 Fax: 412-531-3375 Becky McClelland Classified Advertising Mgr., [email protected] • 412-306-4355 Larry Pullman Eastern & West Coast Sales Mgr. 317 Birch Laurel, Woodstock, GA 30188 Toll free: 1-888-494-8480 or 678-494-8480 Fax: 888-494-8481 • [email protected] Steve Roth Midwest Sales Mgr., (520) 742-0175 Fax: 847-256-3042 • [email protected] Patrick Connolly European Sales Representative Patco Media - London, 99 Kings Road, Westcliff, Essex (UK) SSO 8PH, (44) 1-702-477341; Fax: (44) 1-702-477559 [email protected] Mr. V. Shivkumar India Sales Representative, [email protected] Mr. Arlen LUO Newsteel Media, China; Tel: 0086-10-8857-9899; Fax: 0086-10-8216-0061; [email protected] Becky McClelland Reprint Quotes, 412-306-4355 Susan Heinauer Online Advertising Manager, [email protected] • 412-306-4352 CORPORATE DIRECTORS Publishing: Timothy A. Fausch Publishing: John R. Schrei Corporate Strategy: Rita M. Foumia Information Technology: Scott Kesler Marketing: Ariane Claire Production: Vincent M. Miconi Finance: Lisa L. Paulus Creative: Michael T. Powell Directories: Nikki Smith Human Resources: Marlene J. Witthoft Conferences & Events: Emily Patten Clear Seas Research: Beth A. Surowiec www.industrialheatinging.com

12 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com thp1102_85x241_4C_US.indd 1

15.07.2010 11:18:01 Uhr

BNP Media Helps People Succeed in Business with Superior Information

Online Exclusive Maintenance Practices, Procedures and Tips This article looks at various vacuum furnace maintenance practices and procedures. It also offers tips from industry experts on what areas need to be maintained, how often and why certain components should be inspected and/ or replaced.

Everyday Metallurgy The Strongest Link You’ve no doubt heard it said that a chain is no stronger than its weakest link. This is not comforting when you are crossing the manufacturing plant floor with a large, heavy object suspended from a crane using a chain. How do we know the links are strong enough? The key is heat treatment.

White Paper The Vital Link (courtesy of Bodycote Metallurgical Coatings) “Thermal processing is a vital part of any manufacturing process and includes a variety of techniques and specialist engineering processes that improve the properties of metals and alloys and extend the life of components. Without heat treatment, aircraft engines would not last a single flight and car gearboxes might only last a week. Without hot isostatic pressing, the risk of catastrophic breakdown of metal components would be far greater and the carbon footprint of power stations would be dramatically higher. Without coatings, construction fixings would rust away and thousands of everyday objects would quickly lose their shine.”

IH Training 2011: Free Webinars Industrial Heating offers four free webinars in 2011. February 17 Heat-Treat Atmosphere Basics: Saving Money the Easy Way May 19 Induction Success or Failure: Optimum Frequency for Your Process August 18 Temperature Sensing/Control: The Right Tools Save You Money November 11 Secrets of Hardness and Mechanical Testing

Snap this mobile tag for further information.

Flexible Training Customized to Your Skill Level • Basic Combustion Principles (Day 1) • Advanced Combustion Principles (Day 2) • e-Solutions for Combustion® (Day 3) Extensive hands-on exercises in Hauck’s Combustion Lab demonstrating real world design issues. Registration Fees - $675 for 2-day session, $900 for all 3 days. For more information, contact Sherri Stom, [email protected].

www.hauckburner.com

One free registration awarded for any project (> 10k) booked with Hauck prior to August 30, 2011. Enter “Hauck10” on your Seminar Registration Form to recieve 10% discount on your attendance. Hauck Manufacturing Company, PO Box 90, Lebanon, PA 17042 Phone: 717-272-3051 Fax: 717-273-9882

14 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

®

Editorial Reed Miller, Associate Publisher/Editor | 412-306-4360 | [email protected]

Nonferrous in 2011

T

o continue to provide diverse content in Industrial Heating, i we focus on different segments of the industry in different months, and each month we highlight different f editorial topics of interest. February is our focus on the e nonferrous industry, and our goal is to provide topics of interest to the nonferrous-industry readers as well as our more broad audience. How is the nonferrous industry doing as we enter this new year? As I write, Wall Street eagerly awaits Alcoa’s corporate earnings report. Alcoa is the first component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average to announce its quarterly results, and Alcoa’s aluminum-production business is considered a good barometer of certain larger sectors of the broader economy. CNBC’s Jim Cramer recently hailed Alcoa as a “top 2011 stock.” Cramer predicts that aluminum production this year “will go through the roof” due to higher demand for autos, airplanes and housing. He also considers Alcoa a prime takeover target. Global X Funds, an exchange-traded fund (ETF) company, must agree because on Jan. 5 they rolled out an ETF devoted to companies primarily involved in the aluminum industry. Their largest weightings are Rio Tinto, Alcoa and Hindalco Industries. Global X has also begun trading ETFs called Global X Uranium and Global X Lithium. Late last year, Alcoa Inc.’s chief executive was on record saying that he believed the aluminum industry would double in the next decade as demand picks up in China, Brazil and other emerging countries. Alcoa forecasts $2.5 billion in additional revenue by 2013 for rolled products and a $1.6 billion revenue increase for engineered products and solutions. Mid-year 2010, Novelis Inc. was a bit less optimistic about aluminum’s future, estimating the rise of global demand of “4% annually over the next five years with Asia being perhaps double that rate.” In recent years, China has been both the largest producer and biggest consumer of aluminum. An industry official has described this phenomenon as “The China Factor,” which has resulted in the growth of the Chinese aluminum-extrusion market share from 6% in 2006 to greater than 20% today. A new report called “Aluminum: Global Industry Guide” sheds some light on where this growth will occur. It predict that the global aluminum industry in 2013 will have a volume of 49.2 million metric tons, which is an increase of 45.2% since 2008. In that time period, the value of the industry is expected to grow to $122.8 billion – a 31% increase. It’s interesting that volume is predicted to increase by 45.2% while industry value only increases 31%. One measure seen last fall was an increase of 28.3% in the annual aluminum export rate (from 2009) while producer inven18 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

tory levels increased 12.8%. Needless to say, this type of increase is driving production levels. This is evidenced by Alcoa’s recent announcement to restart idled potlines at three aluminum smelters in the U.S., creating approximately 260 new jobs through recall and hiring. Non-Aluminum Nonferrous Copper was also grabbing headlines in the last quarter of 2010. A weaker dollar was drawing investors to the base-metals markets. As a result, copper prices hit two-year highs. It was up 30% from June to October as a result of improving industrial demand and concerns about global supply. Although commodities (in general) are softening in early 2011, copper prices remain up 28% from a year ago. Recent research conducted in the military barracks at Fort Jackson in Columbia, S.C., has led to an EPA registration of copper HVAC components. Unlike aluminum, copper has been found to resist the growth of bacteria, mold and mildew. Hospital studies have also shown copper to be effective in reducing bacteria in intensive-care patient rooms on objects such as bed rails, tray tables and nurse call buttons.

Nickel is another metal that experienced price swings in 2010. As an alloy addition, its future prospects are closely tied to the steel industry, which is in a bit of an upswing. The demand in China and India for urbanization increased the production of steel in 2010. It’s expected that the higher nickel prices will result in production increases. Similar to Global X, ETF Securities introduced the first copper, nickel and tin ETF products on the London Stock Exchange on December 10. If the nonferrous industry is a barometer of the economy in general, 2011 will certainly be an improvement over the recently departed 2010. We expectantly hope the sign is an accurate one. IH

HIGH-TEMPERATURE TECHNOLOGY

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Federal Triangle Barry Ashby, Washington Editor | 202-255-0197 | [email protected]

America’s Immigrants are Industry’s Employees

A

bout 25 years ago, I did a study with a friend to determine how cash was sent from the U.S. to foreign destinations (the mechanisms and volumes) for Bank of America. When completed, I understood that the reason for the research was to learn ways for the bank to participate in money transfers without having “undesirables” (field hands and illegal aliens) actually walk into their bank. This article is an extension of that topic, a look at industrial labor supply that continues to evolve, an exploration of the U.S. immigrant population and demographics (legal and illegal), and what industry should expect. In 1790, Congress first established rules for naturalized citizenship as allowed in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. It was not until 1875 that the first immigration restrictions were applied (no lunatics or those likely to become public charges), and in 1906 standard procedures were defined (requiring knowledge of English language and U.S. history and government). The Immigration Act of 1924 froze then-current ethnic distribution of the population. In 1952 and 1954, it established powers and processes and then implemented the first deportations of illegal immigrants. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 granted amnesty to illegals who were in the U.S. prior to 1982 and made it a crime to hire illegals. Minor changes were made in accepting refugee and asylum cases in 1996. In the newly seated 2011 Congress, Congressmen Steve King (R-IA) leads the House subcommittee on immigration matters and Lamar Smith (R-TX) is chairman of the Judiciary Committee that sets related agendas. These issues cover: 1.) clarifying the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to prevent U.S.-born children of illegals from automatically becoming citizens; 2.) affirming a state’s right to enact immigration laws; 3.) denying tax deductions to employers who hire illegals; and 4.) preventing local governments from refusing cooperation with federal enforcement of “illegal immigration” laws. For background, about 175,000 Englishmen migrated to colonial America, and over half of immigrants in the 17th and 18th centuries came as indentured servants due to work skills. The number of Americans in 1700 was 1 million. That figure grew to 5.2 million in 1800, 76 million in 1900 and 281 million in 2000, and it is expected to reach 1 billion in 2100. Most people do not know that money for completing the naturalization process is paid by the candidate citizen. In 1985, the 20 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

filing fee was $35. However, it rose to $90 by 1991, to $390 by 2004 and to $680 today. The residency requirement before application is five years, but the waiting time to get residence approval is often 6 to 12 years due, in my experience, to bureaucratic ineptitude. This has not deterred the tide of legal immigration. In 2008, 1,046,539 people became U.S. citizens. America has accepted more immigrants for citizenship than all world nations combined and currently counts 37 million legal immigrants among the population. Americans welcome those who bring competence and character to their new country. After all, 40% of Ph.D.s working in the U.S. are immigrants, and public opinion is not biased against the foreign born, even in industries experiencing hard economic times or covering all income levels. Concurrently, however, there are between 12 and 20 million illegal-immigrant residents among us, with 56% from Mexico, 22% from other Latin American nations, 13% from Asia, 6% from Europe and Canada, and 3% from Africa and the rest of the world. Studies show it is illegal workers, primarily without skills, who bias and distort industrial activity and which reduce work prospects for the U.S. lower class, employed or not.

Americans welcome those who bring competence and character to their new country. After all, 40% of Ph.D.s working in the U.S. are immigrants. An overlooked factor in recent immigration debates is the result of Latin American government’s (especially Mexico) failure to make infrastructure investments at home, thereby driving their own industry away, deterring employment at home and encouraging escape of the labor force via immigration (primarily illegal). One state government (Yucatan) counsels and assists illegal immigration to the U.S. Mexico is inundated with corruption, which has led 79% of companies in recent polls to believe that “illegal transactions” are a serious obstacle to business development for the country. The bottom line is that you should ask your members of Congress to support trade sanctions and law-enforcement methods that coerce Mexico to gain control of itself so its population is not forced to escape poverty by becoming an immigrant problem for America. Another course of action is to insist that federal, state and local law enforcement do what they exist to do – enforce existing laws that prohibit and expel illegal immigrants in the U.S. To do otherwise puts U.S. industry on a road to failure. IH

THE FURNACE should be the first piece of the puzzle when planning or improving your manufacturing operation

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We can help you to design or update your plant operation, right from the beginning of your next improvement project. By accessing our experience with thousands of installations, our global engineering network can offer the best design for your production requirements. Our equipment produces repeatable, quality heat treatment results for years of reliable service. This technical expertise extends to manufacturing expertise as one of the few North American furnace builders that manufactures on the same premise as the engineering offices. If you are looking for a consultation on new equipment, aftermarket parts, moving a furnace, service or a technical upgrade, visit www.secowarwick.com, or call us at 814-332-8400. SECO/WARWICK Corporation • 814/332-8400 • www.secowarwick.com USA · China · Poland · India · ISO 9001 Certified

The Heat Treat Doctor Daniel H. Herring | 630-834-3017 | [email protected]

Innovations in Aluminum Heat Treatment

T

h heat treater is always looking to improve his prohe cessing techniques, shorten cycle times and lower costs c without sacrificing production quality. Recent innovaw tions in aluminum heat treating suggest this is possible. t Let’s learn more. Double Aging (DA) Double aging (Fig. 1) is a technique used for reducing total aging time for various aluminum alloys. The effects of double aging and thermomechanical double aging (i.e. a combination of work hardening and heat treatment) on enhanced mechanical properties of a 7075 aluminum alloy have recently been reported.[1] Results illustrate the effects of accelerating the kinetics of precipitation on hardness and strength (via tensile testing). By applying the appropriate heat-treatment cycle, the time to peak aging can be reduced by a factor of up to 36 without a substantial decrease in hardness or tensile properties. As heat treaters we know age-hardenable aluminum alloys can be hardened or strengthened by natural or artificial aging. The science tells us that a supersaturated solid solution is formed after the solution heat treatment. Aging at temperatures well below the solutionizing temperature produces Guinier-Preston (GP) zones and metastable coherent precipitates that harden the alloy up to the peak condition. However, stable and incoherent precipitates start forming in the overaged condition. The type of precipitation varies with alloy composition. For example, the most important factor influencing the DA treatment in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy such as 7075 is the time of first aging. Test results on 7075 show positive effects of the DA treatment, with the ductility being higher with slightly less than a 6%

decrease in yield and tensile strength. Double aging this alloy to peak hardness results in a significantly reduced processing time – from 48 hours to 2 hours – and such processing can lead to reduced energy usage and reduced production costs resulting from the accelerated kinetics of precipitation. Again, there is an optimum time, which varies with both the composition of the alloy and temperature of first aging treatment. A higher second aging temperature accelerates the precipitation in 7075, but it cannot be so high as to cause significant reduction in volume fraction of precipitates or dissolution of GP-zones. Thermomechanical double aging (Fig. 2) causes further acceleration of precipitation, reducing the total heat-treatment time to only 80 minutes. This results in an increase in hardness and strength in 7075 alloy beyond the conventional aging procedure, but the ductility is reduced relative to conventional single age or the double-aging heat treatments. Rapid Heat Treatment (RHT)[2,3] When cast components for structural applications such as alloy wheels are manufactured using Al-Si-Mg-based casting alloys (typically A356 and A357), T6 heat treatment is in most cases an essential step in the manufacturing process. The T6 heat treatment provides two beneficial effects: an improved ductility and fracture toughness through spheroidization of the eutectic silicon particles in the microstructure and a higher alloy yield strength (YS) through the formation of a large number of fine precipitates that strengthen the soft aluminum matrix. The first benefit is realized through the solution treatment, normally at a temperature around 1005°F (540°C), while the second benefit is achieved through the combination of solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging in the temperature range of 285-340°F (140-170°C). In the casting industry, it is often specified that a cast component should be solution treated for six hours at 1005°F (540°C). Solutionizing

Lowtemperature aging

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22 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

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Fig. 2. Double aging and thermomechanical heat-treatment process cycle

QuantumQuench QuantumQuench

Variable Speed Directional Quench There are no moving parts within the vacuum chamber

For more information contact G-M Enterprises 525 Klug Circle, Corona, California 92880 Phone 951-340-GMGM (4646) • Fax: 951-340-9090

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While the benefit of T6 heat treatment is accepted, the additional cost and production time associated with such a treatment is also substantial. Positive results have been reported for permanent mold-cast test bars of a modified A356 alloy where a solution treatment of 50 minutes at 1005°F (540°C) is sufficient to attain more than 90% of the maximum YS, more than 95% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and nearly 90% of the maximum elongation for a given aging condition. Other studies have investigated the effect of even shorter (0-30 minute) solution-treatment time at 1005°F (540°C) or 1020°F (550°C) on the microstructure and properties of fully modified Al-7wt.%Si0.3wt.%Mg alloys. In addition, it has recently been demonstrated that common high-pressure diecasting (HPDC) alloys, such as those based on the Al-Si-Cu and Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) systems, may be successfully heat treated without causing surface blistering or dimensional instability. The potential exists therefore to develop and evaluate secondary HPDC alloys designed specifically for rapid heat treatment while still displaying high castability. Significant improvements in the tensile properties for HPDC alloys may be achieved by a truncated solution treatment of 15 minutes at 915-940°F (49024 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Fig. 4. Bending relationship Note: In the above figure, if the tube diameter to wall thickness ratio lies above the respective lines for the given tempers, the tube generally cracks during bending.

505°C), quenching and then artificial aging at temperatures in the range of 300425°F (150-220°C). Retrogression Heat Treatment (RHT)[4] Retrogression heat treatment (Fig. 3) is used for improving formability of aluminum extrusions. It is defined as a means of rapidly heat treating 6xxx and 7xxx aluminum alloy extrusions in various tempers, either locally or throughout their length, in order to return to or approach their highly ductile state in their solutionized and freshly quenched state. For these extrusions in some tempers – such as T4, T5, T6, and even T7, T8, and T9 – RHT involves heating into the solvus temperature range and quenching. Unlike conventional solutionizing heat treatments that involve long times, RHT can be conducted within a matter of seconds and synchronized with a given forming operation. Several commercial applications of the RHT process have already been demonstrated, including forming of aluminum extrusions (Fig. 4) and the forming of heat-treated automotive sheet. The localized heating and quenching in RHT is applied to materials in highstrength tempers only in regions that will subsequently experience heavy deformation during forming, thus maintaining

high strength elsewhere. Although the method of heating in RHT can vary, induction heating has been found to be most reliable and consistent in applying the RHT process to aluminum alloys. Summing Up While most heat-treatment processes for aluminum alloys are dictated by specifications (e.g., AMS 2770 or AMS 2771) it is important to understand that ongoing research is looking into ways of reducing cycle times and minimizing costs. Stay tuned. IH References 1. Emani, S. V., and J. Benedyk, P. Nash and D. Chen, “Double Aging and Thermomechanical Heat Treatment of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy Extrusions,” J. Mater. Sci. (2009) 44:6384-6391. 2. Lumley, R. N., and I. J. Polmer and P. R. Curtis, “Rapid Heat Treatment of Aluminum High-Pressure Diecastings,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Volume 40A, July 2009, pp. 1716 – 1726. 3. Zhang, D. L., and L. H. Zheng, and D. H. St. John, “Effect of a Short Solution Treatment Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified Al- 7 wt.%, Si- 0.3 wt% Mg Alloy,” Journal of Light Metals 2 (2002), pp. 27 – 36. 4. Benedyk, Joseph, Retrogression Heat Treatment as a Means of Improving Formability of Aluminum Extrusions, ET’08 Conference, 2008.

S No pon w sor Av sh ail ip ab s le

2011 Heat Treat China Show and 3rd China Heat Treat Forum

May 25-27, 2011 • Beijing International Convention tion Center

Presented by:

Call today for more information! Doug Glenn Publisher, Industrial Heating (412) 306-4351 [email protected] www.industrialheating.com

Heat Treat China 2011 will bring together industry professionals from China, USA and Brazil in the largest production and processing market for heat treatment. As a sponsor, you will have the opportunity to network with attendees and demonstrate and discuss cutting-edge technologies and stateof-the-art equipment. Nearly 3,000 professionals are expected to attend, and all sponsors will receive the full registration list.

Who Will Attend: • • • • • • • • • • •

Heat Treat Companies Auto and Motorcycle Parts Manufacturers Aviation and Space Manufacturers Forging Companies Gear Manufacturers Bearing Manufacturers Mechanical Manufacturers Iron and Steel Companies Non-ferrous Companies Heat Treat Equipment Manufacturers Other Manufacturers

Environmental & Safety Issues Richard J. Martin | Martin Thermal Engineering | 310-937-1424 | [email protected]

Mission: Safety

A

n old adage often applied to parenting is equally germane to safety in the workplace: [Safety] values g are “caught” not “taught.” A recent survey of leading a safety experts reaffirmed this point. Here are their s top seven recommendations, in order of importance.

1. Leadership: A commitment to safety by all levels of management is the most important element in safety success. Senior management must be committed enough to invest resources in their safety teams and systems. All levels of management should lead by example. Executives should exemplify discipline even when safety concerns appear to infringe on production and efficiency. Leaders must not be exempted from following safety rules and should demonstrate knowledge of safety rules that apply to their work environment. Accountability begins at the top. 2. Culture: Management’s commitment must be translated into a corporate culture that refuses to tolerate shortcuts and compromises. This commitment should be spelled out in policies, newsletters, web pages, announcements, signage, etc. so that every aspect of the work life is steeped in safety. The commitment should be evident during the recruitment process – hiring managers should question candidates to discern their compatibility with a safe organization. And the commitment should be tangible in the disciplinary process – infractions that endanger people or put equipment at risk must have consequences. 3. Employee Involvement: Empowering employees with more control over their work product has been shown to bring tangible results to product quality. Empowering them in certain aspects of workplace safety usually results in better safety outcomes. Beware that empowerment must not equate to abandonment. Workers should be given autonomy to pursue safety for themselves and their co-workers, but they should be equipped with sufficient knowledge and supervised attentively to help them make good decisions. Senior management should consider periodic rotation of safety leadership roles so workers receive multiple opportunities to learn and teach important concepts. Workers should be willing to pledge a commitment to safety as a prerequisite for employment. Safety procedures should be embraced by trade unions. Personal accountability is paramount. 4. Communication: The effective communication of safety concepts is intimately linked to corporate safety culture. Culture won’t 26 February 2010 - IndustrialHeating.com

thrive without communication, and communication won’t be consistent in the absence of culture. Communication should be both verbal and non-verbal. Warning signs should be maintained or replaced when worn or obstructed. Consider establishing a daily “safety minute” or “toolbox talk” to heighten worker awareness. Employees observed to fall short of workplace standards should be personally counseled to motivate and instruct them in their safety duties. 5. Inspection, Maintenance: An inspection is simultaneously a “carrot” and “stick.” When a safety supervisor makes frequent appearances in work areas, employees recognize the organization is committed to safety, and they will be motivated to participate. For the small number of employees who are less than fully committed, the prospect of being “caught” doing a task unsafely is a deterrent. Safety standards often enumerate which inspection and maintenance tasks should occur daily, weekly, monthly, semi-annually or annually for a workplace to be “in compliance.” Materials and systems should be maintained regularly to expose replace aged or worn materials. Guards, interlocks and warning signs should be checked regularly, and every inspection should be documented. 6. Accident Investigation: When accidents occur – no matter how minor – an investigation should be performed. When the accident is due to a simple failure to follow procedure, findings can be documented in a relatively simple manner. When the incident is due to a more complex sequence of errors or failures, a rootcause analysis should be performed. If an in-house investigation is not possible because of limited expertise or time availability, outside specialists should be retained. A lessons-learned notebook or website should be available to employees so mistakes can be avoided in the future and safety procedures can be re-evaluated. Relevant investigation findings can be incorporated into a mandatory risk assessment, which is performed when a new system is designed and commissioned. 7. Training: Although worker training is important, it ranked at the bottom of the list of safety specialists polled. Clearly, employees must have the knowledge they need to perform their work, and they must have the skill and insight to recognize a potentially unsafe situation. However, training alone will not ensure a safe workplace. Workers should be instructed in the importance of company procedures (e.g., lock-out/tag-out), but they should also understand the importance of engineering controls (e.g., guards and safety devices) and why they should never be defeated. Fortunately, the safety habit is contagious, and “catching” it can make all the difference. IH

IHEA Profile Industrial Heating Equipment Association | 859-356-1575 | www.ihea.org

Safety Standards Seminar Coming Soon

S

a afety is paramount in every manufacturing operation. Keeping up-to-date with the ever-changing t safety standards and codes is of great importance to s companies and employees alike. c The Industrial Heating Equipment Association (IHEA) makes it easy for manufacturers to go through a two-day Safety Standards and Codes Seminar. This year’s seminar, scheduled for March 7-8 at the Hilton Garden Inn O’Hare in Des Plaines, Ill., will review the just-released updates to NFPA 86. This unique seminar provides attendees with insight from the top experts in the industry. You will not find another group of presenters with the knowledge base and expertise that you will find at the IHEA this event. You will learn firsthand from the industry experts that were vital in the development of the NFPA 86 revisions. Application examples and new requirements for 2011 will be highlighted in this year’s seminar. The agenda will cover:

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28 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

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• Class A, B and C furnaces A b o ut N n • PLC-based burner management systems • Pulse-fired systems • Multiple burner systems • Safety shutoff valves A is • Purge and restart 8 6 R ev • Calculation methods for LFL Additional topics will include loss prevention, product liability, enforcement and insurer perspectives. New this year is an introduction to NFPA-87 – Recommended Practice for Fluid Heaters and gas line evacuation (purging) and charging. Ted Jablkowski of Fives North American Combustion, IHEA’s Safety Standards and Codes committee chairman, said, “IHEA’s Safety Standards and Codes Seminar is an excellent forum for the review and discussion of the NFPA 86 Standard. Most presenters are members of the NFPA 86 Technical Committee. The 2011 edition includes many new items such as revised SSOV’s multi-burner requirements and SSOV life-cycle accounting, requirements for re-lighting without a re-purge (pulse firing), revised radiant-tube system requirements, major consolidation of Class C chapter, gas line evacuation and charging cautions, requirements resulting from recent explosions, and an overview of the new NFPA 87 – Recommended Practice on Fluid Heaters.” Recent attendees gave high praise to prior seminars. “I am now more aware of the dangers surrounding heating equipment,” one attendee said. “On the whole, there were great speakers and content. The speakers are committed, involved and knowledgeable,”

another attendee added. This seminar includes a printed copy of NFPA 86-2011. The registration fee for this two-day event is $700 for IHEA members and $750 for non-members. The Hilton Garden Inn O’Hare is extending a special guest room rate of $119 for those making reservations prior to Feb. 11. Registrations are limited, so early registration is encouraged. For complete seminar details and to register and make your hotel reservation, please visit our website at www. ihea.org and click on the SAFETY SEMINAR button on the right side of the page or call IHEA at 859-356-1575. 82nd Annual Meeting If you are interested in both moving your company forward and supporting the industrial heating industry, you are encouraged to attend IHEA’s 82nd Annual Meeting, which is scheduled for April 13-16 at the South Seas Island Resort on Captiva Island just off Florida. This 3 ½-day event provides outstanding programming to members and member prospects along with a variety of networking opportunities to help your business succeed. In fact, Driving Members Success is the theme for our 2011 Annual Meeting. Business and industry presentations will assist members and member prospects to navigate their way through the many challenges facing manufacturing today. The event also gives everyone a chance to learn about our yearlong committee work and activities as well as provide updates on legislation affecting our industry. For complete details on IHEA’s upcoming 82nd Annual Meeting and/or to register, visit www.ihea.org and click on the ANNUAL MEETING button on the right side of the page or call us. IH

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Now You Know Thermal Processing & Metals in Everyday Life

The Kitchen Sink Too

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h hile considering the next Now You Know topic, it seemed like we had already covered t “everything but the kitchen sink.” So, natu“ rally, the kitchen sink was the obvious choice r

for this month. While stainless steel kitchen sinks seem to be ubiquitous, they have only existed for the past 75 years or so. Kitchen sinks made from other materials (e.g., stone) trace back about 150 years. Even enameled cast iron sinks were not used before the 1890s. Prior to that and the availability of running water and sewage, a bowl or bucket was used inside a dry sink, which was a metal trough built into a wooden cabinet. Although stainless steels – alloys of iron, chrome and nickel – had been studied as early as 1821, the process to make the steel corrosion resistant was not identified until 1909. The key was finding a way to eliminate the carbon in the steel, which would combine with the chromium and reduce the corrosion resistance. Kitchen sinks formed from stainless steel are currently the most popular choice because they are lightweight, attractive, easy to clean and won’t stain or rust. Old kitchen sinks and other stainless material are recycled into stainless by melting in an electric furnace. The molten metal is transferred to an AOD (ArgonOxygen-Decarburization) vessel for refining and blowing out the carbon. Without using argon, chromium would be oxidized into the slag during this process. The AOD allows the carbon to be preferentially oxidized while retaining most of the chromium. The balance is reduced back from the AOD slag at the deoxidation stage of the melt process. The refined steel can be cast in a variety of ways, but for the manufacture of sink-bowl material, it is typically cast into slabs and rolled into hot-band coil. This is followed by a hot acid wash, known as the annealing and pickling process. It will be cold rolled to the final gauge in specialized mills called “Z” mills lls for the inventor, Tadeusz Sendzimer. The Z mill is able to roll ll stainless to very light gauges while maintaining uniform thickness kness across a wide strip. Sometimes the cold-rolled coil will need d to be re-annealed to be able to roll it to the thinnest gauges. The process anneals for stainless are required because it work-hardens when rolled. The annealing time and temperature are critical to forming a

good kitchen sink from the material. If the annealing line stops beyond the time allowed by the strip accumulator, the furnace can overheat the steel, causing grain growth. When drawn into a sink, this will result in an “orange-peeled” condition, which is aesthetically unpleasant and may also affect drawability. A full anneal also helps the sink manufacturer because the bowl will not work-harden as quickly during drawing. Of the three basic types of stainless – austenitic, ferritic and martensitic – austenitic stainless is used for sink bowls. Typically, a special alloy variation, usually indicating “SBQ” for sink-bowl quality, is used to enhance the drawability. Drawability was one of the limitations in the early use of stainless for sink bowls. Deeper bowls of the time were probably welded versus drawn. The process for manufacturing a sink begins by cutting the steel coil into blanks. Under a 1,000-ton press, a punch stretches the blank into a bowl form, which also work-hardens the steel. Lubricant is brushed into the bowl, and it is stretched a second time, further hardening it. Next, a drain hole and lip is formed in the bottom of the bowl. A belt is then used inside the bowl to give it a brushed appearance. For a double-bowl sink, two of these bowls are butted together and electrode welded. A roller flattens the weld followed by a sander to smooth it. The rim recesses are then formed, and it is trimmed. Next, holes are punched for the faucets and a sprayer or soap dispenser. The bowl is then completely brushed to give it a fine finish. This process takes about 25 minutes, and it requires a skilled operator. The manufacturer’s name or logo is then embossed into the bowl followed by coating the bottom with heavy latex, which helps to deaden the sound. The entire sink manufacturing process takes about 2.5 hours. Now you know everything you need to know about the kitchen sink and how thermal processing influences the entire process. IH

Use this Mobile Tag to see a video of the sink-manufacturing operation from the Discovery Channel. Get the free app for your phone at http://gettag.mobi. No smart phone? Use "tinyurl.com/27wtesr" to view the video. ©2010 Photo courtesy of Moen

30 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com



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For over 32 years G-M ENTERPRISES has developed, designed and manufactured state-of-the-art Vacuum Furnaces and VPA Coating Furnaces for superior performance and superior product quality to meet challenging market demands. Suresh Jhawar and the employees of G-M would like to thank the companies and customers that have supported them and contributed to their success over the last three decades.

Furnaces that For more information contact G-M Enterprises 525 Klug Circle, Corona, California 92880 Phone 951-340-GMGM (4646) • Fax: 951-340-9090

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Industry News

Equipment News Vacuum Furnace

Vacuum Furnace

SECO/WARWICK S.A. supplied a model 2.0VP-4025-78UHV vacuum furnace to the Institute for Nuclear Studies in Swierk, Poland. The furnace is used for the global production of accelerating structures for medical and industrial accelerators. The furnace, with a work zone measuring 643 x 2,000 mm (25.3 x 78.7 inches), has a maximum load weight of 300 kg (661 pounds) and a maximum operating temperature of 1150°C (2102°F). According to the Institute for Nuclear Studies, the accelerating structure is a cavity system powered by a microwave power source, which accelerates electrons to nearly light speed. The fast electrons strike a tungsten target, which then emits gamma radiation. This radiation is then used to destroy cancerous tumors in medical accelerators or to detect the elements in steel for industrial accelerators. www.secowarwick.com

TWC Invac of Warsaw, Poland, received an order from customer in Spain for a carbottom, high-vacuum furnace for special brazing applications. The furnace’s rectangular all-metal hot zone accepts loads of 1,500 mm x 1,500 mm x 1,500 mm. Six temperature control zones will assure optimal temperature uniformity. The furnace’s control system is based on a Stange 607 industrial controller and an ECS2000 interface. A stainless steel chamber will use conflate seals wherever possible to minimize leak-in. An external gas cooling system is comprised of a 45-kW blower and heat exchanger in separate stainless steel housing and molybdenum nozzles surrounding the workload. A dry mechanical pump and Roots blower are also part of the installation. TWC Invac will also supply support in brazing process development. www.twc-invac.com

32 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Super Systems System Revamp

incorporated

Tenova Core will provide a major revamp of the existing Consteel® system at Gerdau Ameristeel’s Charlotte, N.C., plant. The project scope includes newly designed preheat pans and preheat hoods to reduce the refractory maintenance of the conveying system. The current Consteel water seal system will be replaced with a dry seal system. Tenova Core will also revamp the connecting car that joins the EAF to the Consteel conveyor. Consteel is a continuous steelmaking process that preheats and feeds scrap and other raw materials directly into the EAF via a patented conveying system through the EAF sidewall. The system in Charlotte was supplied in 1989 and represents the first commercial installation of the technology. www.tenovacore.com

Titanium Production Equipment Retech Systems LLC, a company from the SECO/WARWICK Group, signed a contract worth approximately $21.56 million to manufacture and deliver equipment for the production of largescale titanium metallurgical semi-manufactured items. The buyer is an international joint venture that includes the largest titanium producer in Kazakhstan. Retech Systems’ vacuum furnace uses an electron or plasma beam to melt titanium and alloys of nickel or other specialty metals (cobalt, zirconium, platinum and others). www.retechsystemsllc.com

Vacuum Furnace Solar Manufacturing recently shipped a high-performance vacuum furnace to be used by a major aircraft engine manufacturer. The furnace, which incorporates super cooling and high-temperature capabilities, will be used for research in heat treating and further development of superalloys for new and existing applications in the aircraft engine industry. The frontloading furnace has a work zone that measures 18 inches wide x 14 inches high x 28 inches deep and a load capacity of 500 pounds. The hot zone incorporates a combination of 0.075-inchthick CFC graphite hot face backed by multiple layers of highpurity graphite felt, allowing for an operating temperature up to 2800°F. The curved graphite elements provide for rapid and uniform heating, and the vacuum system will allow for operation in the 10-5 Torr range or better. www.solarmfg.com

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 33

Industry News

Heat-Treatment Furnace Bricmont Inc. received a contract from PT Gunung Garuda to supply a new plate heat-treatment furnace for its mill in West Java, Indonesia. The roller-hearth furnace will heat treat steel plates to specific quality, efficiency and emission standards. It will be supplied in cooperation with FCE of Huntingdon Valley, Pa. Bricmont, one of 40 companies making up Inductotherm Group, will also supply Level-1 and Level-2 control systems. www.bricmont.com

Business News Ajax Tocco Acquires Assets from ABP Induction Ajax Tocco Magnethermic (ATM) acquired the assets and intellectual property formerly known as Pillar from ABP Induction. The business provides induction systems and aftermarket parts and service to a worldwide market. The sale includes the Brookfield, Wis., and Sterling Heights, Mich., operations. ABP’s induction melting operations in North Brunswick, N.J., and Massillon, Ohio, are unaffected as well as its international operations, which include ABP Induction Systems Shanghai, previously Pillar Shanghai. ATM will reinstate the name Pillar Induction and operate it as a division of ATM. All Pillar products will continue to be sold and markets served will continue Go to www. industrialheating. to be supported. All personnel associated with Pillar com/ajaxtocco products have been transferred to the new division, to listen to an and customers of Pillar products and services will informative 15-min. continue to receive the benefit of the relationships interview with Ajax established with the existing operations. Tocco's Tom Illencik.

34 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA to Build EAF Meltshop ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA will build a new stainless slab meltshop for its new processing plant in Alabama. The complete meltshop will comprise a 160-ton electricarc furnace, 180-ton AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) converter and 72-inch continuous caster with an annual capacity of 900,000 to 1 million tons. Start-up of the meltshop is scheduled for December 2012. Until then, ThyssenKrupp Stainless USA is being supplied with slabs from the group’s European mills. Stainless steel slabs produced by the new meltshop will be rolled into hot band on the hot-strip mill of sister company ThyssenKrupp Steel USA. Around 340,000 tons per year of this hot band will go to ThyssenKrupp Mexinox in San Luis Potosí (Mexico), with another roughly 525,000 tons per year to be transformed in the cold rolling mill into 175,000 tons of white hotrolled (up to 10 millimeter thickness) and 350,000 tons of stainless cold-rolled (0.5-5 millimeter thickness).

Rio Tinto Sells West Virginia Aluminum Plant Rio Tinto completed the sale of the Alcan Rolled Products plant in Ravenswood, W.V. Rio Tinto sold its 61% stake in its Alcan Engineered Products operation. The aluminum rolling plant is part of Alcan Engineered Products. The international mining company agreed to sell 51% to funds related to Apollo Management Group, a New York private-equity firm, and a 10% stake to funds connected to Fonds Strategique d’Investissement, a sovereign wealth fund run by the French government. Rio Tinto retains a 39% share in the company. The Ravenswood plant opened as Kaiser Aluminum in 1957 and has changed ownership several times.

and environmental impact of oil & gas production. Carpenter Technology currently supplies alloys to Amega West. Carpenter’s product portfolio of specialty alloys combined with Amega West’s capabilities in manufacturing components and tools used in directional drilling creates a more integrated, value-added supply chain for customers in the oil & gas market. Carpenter plans to expand Amega West’s manufacturing capacity at its Tyler, Texas, facility, as well as the rental fleet and the footprint of the company’s five North American service centers.

Alcoa to Restart Idled U.S. Smelters Alcoa announced plans to restart idled potlines at three aluminum smelters in the United States, creating approximately 260 new jobs through recall and hiring. The restarted facilities will increase Alcoa’s aluminum production by 137,000 metric tons over the course of 2011 and by 200,000 metric tons on an annual basis thereafter. Capacity will be restarted at the Massena East facility in Massena, N.Y.; Wenatchee Works in Malaga, Wash.; and Intalco in Ferndale, Wash. The restarts, which allow Alcoa to take advantage of low-cost power options, are occurring now to help Alcoa meet anticipated growth in aluminum demand and to meet obligations outlined in power agreements with energy providers. Power rates at Wenatchee and Massena, where long-term contracts have been secured, are about 40% below worldwide averages. All the restarts will be powered by sustainable, renewable hydropower.

Carpenter Technology Acquires Amega West Services Carpenter Technology acquired Amega West Services, a Houston-based manufacturer and service provider of complex components for directional drilling equipment for approximately $54 million. The acquisition provides Carpenter with additional opportunities for selling specialty alloys into the growing oil & gas market. Amega West is a leading manufacturer of high-precision components for measurement while drilling and logging while drilling, drill collars, stabilizers and other down-hole tools used for directional drilling, which reduces the cost IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 35

Industry News

Deloro Stellite to Consolidate Manufacturing in U.S. Deloro Stellite, a producer of wear-resistant coatings, will consolidate its U.K.-based manufacturing in Goshen, Ind. The company announced it will invest $5 million and create up to 46 new jobs by 2013. Deloro Stellite, which manufactures industrial coatings and specialty-metal castings, currently employs 60 people at its Goshen facility. The company will add a production line for rod and wire products that it is transferring from a facility in England. Deloro Stellite is headquartered in London and manufactures coating powders and rod and wire products at 13 facilities in nine countries throughout North America, Europe and Asia. The Indiana Economic Development Corp. has offered Deloro Stellite up to $400,000 in performance-based tax credits based on the company’s job-creation plans.

Tata Steel to Sell U.K. Steel Plant Tata Steel plans to sell its U.K.-based Teesside Cast Products (TCP) plant for $500 million and will use the proceeds to repay its European debts. Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI), Thailand’s largest hot-rolled steel producer, intends to purchase the steel plant and expand the facility in the next two years. TCP operates the second-largest steel smelting plant in Europe with a capacity of 3.5 million metric tons of slab per year, of which two-thirds will serve SSI’s production in Thailand with the rest for other buyers.

Lincoln Electric to Acquire Severstal Welding Business Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. signed a definitive agreement to acquire OOO Severstalmetiz: welding consumables, a manufacturer of welding consumables in Russia and a subsidiary of OAO Severstal. The transaction includes acquiring manufacturing operations and exclusive distribution rights of the Severstal brand of welding consumables. This acquisition will add to Lincoln Electric’s manufacturing capacity in Russia. The company also ac-

36 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

quired Russia’s Mezhgosmetiz-Mtsensk OAO (MGM) in November 2010. Severstal’s extensive stick electrode offering, along with solid-wire and flux-cored wire products, when combined with solid wire products from MGM, will make Lincoln Electric a leading consumables manufacturer in the CIS countries.

Video Interview with Hauck President Go to www.industrialheating.com/hauck to see an interview with Mike Shay, Hauck’s president, who talks about the company’s new structure and its resulting strength in the marketplace. Hauck has a new corporate logo and identity – Elster Kromschröder, which is the gas utilization group within Elster. Snap this tag to see an interview with Hauck's president. Get the free app for your phone at http://gettag.mobi

Economic Indicators

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India’s JSW Steel became the country’s largest steelmaker by capacity after announcing a $3 billion deal to acquire Ispat Industries. Elterma S.A. changed its name to SECO/WARWICK ThermAL S.A. The name was changed to reflect the addition of Aluminum Group products for the European and Russian markets. Ipsen opened a new sales office in Tokyo, Japan. The new office will focus on sales and service in the Kanto region. Plymouth Tube’s Salisbury, Md., mill received Nadcap accreditation for heat treating. The facility produces cold drawn seamless or welded stainless steel tubing. Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG closed the acquisition of AlcatelLucent’s Vacuum Technology Unit, Adixen.

People in the News • • •

Aichelin Holding appointed Peter Schobesberger as CEO and president. Ipsen appointed Stephan Gagne to head up its new Tokyo office. He will focus on the growing demand for new equipment with an emphasis on aftermarket sales and service. SECO/WARWICK Group appointed Jaroslaw Talerzak president of SECO/ WARWICK ThermAL S.A. In addition, Bartosz Klinowski was named vice president of SECO/WARWICK ThermAL S.A.

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Industry Events

FEBRUARY Feb. 27-March 3 TMS 2011 Annual Meeting and Exhibition; San Diego, Calif. www.tms.org

MARCH 7-8 IHEA’s Safety Standards and Codes Seminar; Chicago, Ill. www.ihea.org

14-16 MIM 2011 – International Conference on Injection Molding of Metals, Ceramics and Carbides; Orlando, Fla. www.mpif.org

APRIL 5-8 115th Metalcasting Congress; Schaumburg, Ill. www.metalcastingcongress.org 26-29 INFUB 9 – 9th European Conference on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers; Estoril, Portugal www.cenertec.pt/infub

MAY 2-5 AISTech 2011 – The Iron & Steel Technology Conference and Exposition; Indianapolis, Ind. www.aist.org 3-5 Interwire 2011; Atlanta, Ga. www.wirenet.org 18-21 PowderMet 2011 – International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials; San Francisco, Calif. www.mpif.org 23-26 Metallurgy-Litmash/Tube Russia/ Aluminium Nonferrous 2011; Moscow, Russia www.metallurgy-tube-russia.com

JUNE 6-10 ASME Turbo Expo 2011; Vancouver, B.C. www.asme.org Industrial Heating is the Official North American Media Co-Sponsor June 28-July 2 Thermprocess 2011 – International Trade Fair for ThermoProcess Technology; Dusseldorf, Germany www.thermprocess-online.com

OCTOBER 16-21 MS&T 2011, in conjunction with ACerS 113th Annual Meeting; Columbus, Ohio www.matscitech.org Oct. 30-Nov. 4 AVS 58th International Symposium and Exhibition; Nashville, Tenn. www.avs.org Oct. 31-Nov. 2 ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition; Cincinnati, Ohio www.asminternational.org

38 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

FEATURE | Nonferrous Heat Treating

Distortion Reduction by Aqueous Polymer Quenching of Aluminum Alloys Patricia Mariane Kavalco and Lauralice C. F. Canale – University of São Paulo: São Carlos, SP, BRAZIL George E. Totten – Portland State University; Portland, Ore. Traditionally, hot water is often selected as an alternative to cold-water quenching of heat-treatable aluminum alloys for distortion reduction. The levels of reduction are often modest, however, and more effective means are required.

O

ver the years, Type-I polymer quenchants – as defined by SAE AMS 3025 – have been used increasingly because the levels of distortion reduction b h l typically are dramatically lower than that achievable with hot water while still meeting Mil Handbook 5 design minimums. Distortion and residual-stress reduction achievable with Type-I quenchants are discussed here, and reasons for this behavioral advantage are discussed.

Tensile strength, ksi

Introduction Aluminum is solution treated at temperatures generally in the range of 400-540°C

(750-1000°F). During solution treatment, some alloying elements are re-dissolved to produce a solute-rich solid solution. The objective of this process is to maximize the concentration of hardening elements, including copper, zinc, magnesium and/ or silicon in the solid solution. The concentration and rate of dissolution of these elements increases with temperature. Therefore, solutionizing temperatures are usually near the liquidus temperature of the alloy.[1,2] If an aluminum alloy is slowly cooled from an elevated temperature, alloying elements precipitate and diffuse from solid solution to concentrate at the grain boundar-

ies, at small voids, on undissolved particles, at dislocations and at other imperfections in the aluminum lattice.[2] For optimal properties, it is desirable to retard this diffusion process and maintain the alloying elements in solid solution. This is done by quenching from the solution temperature. For quench-hardenable wrought alloys 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx and casting alloys such as 356, this is accomplished by the quenching process. The objective is to quench sufficiently fast to avoid an undesirable concentration of the alloying elements in the defect and grain-boundary structure. After quenching, aluminum alloys are aged, and a fine dispersion of elements

84

Table 1. Physical properties of Type-I quenchants as defi ned by AMS 3025

80

Physical property Plate minimum

76 72 68

Specification range

Distilled water

45-48%

SpeciÀc gravity (20°C/68°F)

± 0.005

Refractive index (20°C/68°F)

1.4140 ± 0.0005

Viscosity (cS @ 38°C/100°F)

535 ± 70

Viscosity, 20 ± 0.5% by volume with distilled water (cS 38°C/100°F)

5.5 ± 0.5

Separation temperature (°C/°F)

64 90 100

120

140 160 Water temperature

180

200

74 ± 3 (165 ± 5)

Fig. 1. (Left) Tensile strength of 1-inch 7075 aluminum plate as a function of water temperature IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 39

FEATURE | Nonferrous Heat Treating

900

700 7178-T6

800 600

7075-T6 200

2014-T6

400

6071-T6

MPa

500

Temperature, ˚F

700 600 500 400

6061-T6 300

75

300

130

160

200

200 1

10

102 103 Cooling rate,˚C/sec

104

40 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

4

8

12

16

20

Time, sec.

Fig. 2. Cooling-rate dependence on tensile strength for various alloys

and compounds are precipitated that significantly increase material strength. The diffusion process and precipitation kinetics varies with the alloy chemistry. The cooling process of age-hardenable aluminum alloys not only affects properties such as strength and ductility, but it also affects thermal stresses. Thermal stresses are typically minimized by reducing the cooling rate from the solutionizing temperature. If the cooling rate is too slow, however, undesirable grain-boundary precipitation will result. If the cooling rate is too fast, there is an increased propensity for distortion. Therefore, one of the primary challenges in quench-process design is to select quenching conditions that optimize strength while minimizing distortion and avoiding undesirable properties such as intergranular corrosion, which is also cooling-rate dependent.[3] Various quenchants and quenching processes are utilized in the heat treatment of aluminum, and many are reviewed in reference 4. Of these potential quenchants, however, cold water (10-32°C) is used most often in order to maximize mechanical properties.[5] When distortion or cracking is encountered, either hot water (60-71°C)[4] or a polymer quenchant is used.[6-9] Currently, the most common polymer quenchant used throughout the aluminum heat-treating industry is an aqueous solution of a specific poly(alkylene glycol) copolymer (PAG).[10] This article will focus

0

Fig. 3. Cooling curves as a function of water temperature for 0.5-inch 7075 aluminum plate.

only on water and the PAG-based quenchant defined by AMS 3025 as Type I.[11,12] The objective of this article is to provide an overview of aluminum quenching and minimization of distortion and cracking. Discussion Cold water, especially when highly agitated, is an excellent quench medium for maximizing the strength of a quenched aluminum-alloy part. This is illustrated in Figure 1, where it is shown that the tensile strength of AA7075 decreases when the water temperature is greater than approximately 130-140°F (55-60°C). However, the relatively high cooling rates associated with cold-water quenching produce large temperature differentials between thick and thin sections that often lead to high residual stresses, distortion and, occasionally, cracking. Raising the water temperature reduces these temperature differentials and therefore may result in a corresponding reduction in residual stress and distortion. The PAG copolymer that is perhaps most commonly specified for aluminum quenching applications is designated as “Type I” by AMS 3025.[11] A Type-I quenchant is a solution of water, a PAG copolymer and additives (such as corrosion inhibitors) and is defined by the physical properties shown in Table 1 for the as-delivered aqueous concentrate. In addition to the physical properties of the

quenchant, there are specific performance requirements that are also required, including: cooling rates from aluminumalloy probe cooling-curve data, tensile properties and intergranular corrosion resistance. It is wise for the user to examine all data required and specifically outlined in AMS 3025,[11] not just quenchant physical properties, to properly qualify the Type-I quenchant being used. The physical property values in Table 1, taken together with the required performance properties, reasonably specify the composition of a Type-I quenchant. For example: • Viscosity, at constant water content, is indicative of the copolymer molecular weight (size). • Refractive index, while a very old characterization method, has traditionally been related to the molar refractance values (structure) of chemical compounds and their concentrations. • Specific gravity, while not a critical parameter, is often used in chemical engineering processes as an indicator of composition and concentration. • Diluted solution viscosity is a validation that the correct polymer molecular weight and concentration is being used. • Separation temperature, as referred to here, is indicative of the chemical composition of the PAG copolymer being used to formulate the quenchant.

900 800 700 Temperature, ˚F

Therefore, these values reflect the chemical composition of the copolymer, molecular weight, concentration and additive content. While additional tests could be performed, they are probably not necessary for fresh, asreceived quenchant from the supplier. In addition, the tensile properties, intergranular-corrosion resistance and alloy cooling rates must be determined for proper quenchant certification as already required by ASM 3025. The mechanical properties of the quenched-andtempered aluminum alloys must at least meet the Mil Handbook 5 design minimums.[13] It is not sufficient to qualify a quenchant by determining the originating vendor. Recommended Type-I quenchant concentrations and heat-treating conditions for wrought and cast aluminum-alloy parts are provided in AMS 2770 and AMS 2771, respectively.[14,15] The maximum attainable strength properties are dependent on the cooling rate between 750-550°F (400290°C). Generally, faster cooling rates provide greater strengths, up to a limit. This is illustrated in Figure 2.[22] As Figure 3 shows, cooling rates decrease with increasing water temperature, and Figure 4 shows that cooling rates decrease with increasing polymer quenchant concentration.[5] However, increasing cooling rates produce increasing thermal gradients, which produce increasing thermal stresses and the potential for increased distortion. Thermal gradients are reduced by reducing the cooling rate. (This is why “hot” or boiling water is used.) There is a cooling rate “window” that must be identified to obtain both the design minimum optimal strength and minimum residual stresses and distortion. The position and width of the window is a function of the specific hardenability of the alloy and the geometry of the part. Although hot-water quenching is commonly performed to reduce the thermal gradient between the surface and the core of aluminum alloys to reduce distortion, it is often insufficient to produce optimal minimization of distortion, particularly of thin-sheet and plate components. Figure 5 shows that hot-water (70°C) quenching (Figure 5B) produced essentially the same high total distortion measured on three 1.6-mm test panels of AA2024-T4 as cold-water (30°C) quenching (Figure 5A) although the variation of the distortion was somewhat less. By comparing Figure 5C with Figure 5A and Figure 5B, dramatically lower distortion was obtained when a AA2024 test panel was quenched in a 12% solution of a Type-I quenchant at 40°C. This example, in addition to other published examples,[4,5,8] clearly shows the advantage of using a Type-I quenchant for distortion reduction when quenching aluminum alloys. In such

40%

600 500 400

30% 300 H2O

200 0

2

4

6

8% 8

10 12 Time, sec.

20% 12% 14

16

18

20

Fig. 4. Cooling curves for 1-inch 7075 aluminum-alloy plate quenched into different concentrations of a Type-I polymer quenchant

Fig. 5A. AA2024-T4 sheet (1.6 mm) quenched in 30°C with agitation (0.7 x 10-3 m3/s). Total average distortion of the three panels shown is 36.36 ± 27.60 mm.

Fig. 5B. AA2024-T4 sheet (1.6 mm) quenched in 70°C with agitation (0.7 x 10-3 m3/s). Total average distortion of the three panels shown is 34.39 ± 18.61 mm.

Fig. 5C. AA2024-T4 sheet (1.6 mm) quenched in 12% aqueous Aquaquench 260 (from Houghton Brasil Ltda.) at 40°C. Total average distortion of the three panels shown is 5.77 ± 2.04 mm. IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 41

FEATURE | Nonferrous Heat Treating

24˚C

600

Strain level

500

400

300

200

Water

Type 1 10% Type 1 20%

100

0

10

20 30 40 50 60 Bore area, % material removed

70

80

Fig. 6. Residual-stress comparison of hot water and different concentrations of a Type-I quenchant for A356 aluminum castings by the Sach’s Bore-Out Method

cases, an aqueous PAG copolymer quenchant may be used. The distortion-reduction advantages of Type-I quenchants relative to both cold and hot water is illustrated in Figure 5. In other studies, Suttie reported that a Type-I quenchant provided significant distortion reduction for 7075-T6 forgings relative to cold water while producing substantially higher tensile strengths than attainable with boiling water.[16] Similar results were reported by Collins and Maduell on the same alloy.[17] Type-I polymer quenchants have been reported to offer significantly greater residual-stress reduction than hot water in a number of studies. The results of one of the earliest reported studies that was conducted using the Sach’s Bore-Out Method on aluminum A356 castings are shown in Figure 6.[18] The studies compare the residual stress obtained by cold-water quenching with varying concentrations of a Type-I quenchant. These data show the substantial reduction in the residual stress obtained as the concentration of the Type-I polymer quenchant is increased up to 30% by volume. Torgerson and Kropp conducted extensive residual-stress and other mechanical-property comparisons between hot water and Type-I quenchant at various concentrations on 7050-T736 forgings and plate.[19] It was found that Type-I quenchants provided minimum distortion while still meeting the design minimums for forgings up to 5 inches thick. 42 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Tensi, et.al compared cooling curves obtained by quenching an aluminum-alloy (AlMgSiCu) probe in a Type-I polymer-quenchant solution at 10% by volume (in distilled water at 25°C) and distilled water only, also at 25°C.[21] The temperature of both probe materials when quenched was 520°C (968˚C). Both probes were cleaned with 600-grit abrasive paper before each test. The polymer film surrounding the probe surface ruptured simultaneously around the entire surface, also called “explosive” rewetting for the Type-I-polymer-quenched probe, whereas the rewetting process was slower and with three different boiling mechanisms often occurring simultaneously on the water-quenched probe surface. The slower rewetting process obtained with water leads to substantial thermal gradients during quenching and increased residual stresses and distortion relative to that obtained with a Type-I polymer quench. This non-uniform wetting process is the primary reason for the increased distortion observed with both the hot- and coldwater-quenched panels compared to the panel quenched in the Type-I polymer quenchant shown in Figure 5 and the increased residual stress shown in Figure 6. Silver probes are also used to evaluate quench severity exhibited by different quenchants. (ASTM D7646 has been issued recently and provides a standard test method using silver probes to model aluminum quenching performance.)[20] Conclusions This discussion has shown that a Type-I PAG polymer quenchant, as defined in AMS 3025, will provide dramatically lower residual stress and distortion compared to that attainable with cold or hot water. The reason given for this is that the waterquenching mechanism involves an inherently non-uniform wetting process that produces substantially greater thermal gradients than the Type-I polymer quenchant. Although increasing the concentration of Type-I quenchants will produce correspondingly lower strength properties, the Mil Handbook 5 design minimums for the section size and alloy can be achieved by following the concentration use guidelines specified in AMS 2770 and AMS 2771. IH For more information: Contact George E. Totten, Portland State University, G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC, PO Box 30108, Seattle, 98113: tel: 206-788-0188; fax: 815-461-7344; e-mail: getotten@getottenassociates. com. Other authors are Patricia Mariane Kavalco (patikavalco@gmail. com) and Lauralice C. F. Canale ([email protected]) of the University of São Paulo, Department of Materials, Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

References available online

To quickly reference the article and online-only reference use this Tag, or go to www.industrialheating.com/quench

FEATURE | Industrial Gases/Combustion

Installation of Dilute Oxygen Combustion System at Jinlong Anode Furnace Huang Yongfeng, Chen Yanjin and Huang Huirong – Jinlong Copper Co. Ltd.; Tongling, People’s Republic of China Ren Xaoxue – Praxair (China) Investment Co. Ltd.; Shanghai, People’s Republic of China William Kobayashi – Praxair, Inc.; Tonawanda, N.Y. Jinlong Copper Co. Ltd. implemented Praxair’s dilute oxygen combustion (DOC)JL oxy-fuel technology on anode furnace #3 in August 2009 to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Later, the same system was implemented on anode furnace #1 for scrap melting.

J

i inlong Copper Co. Ltd. is one of the t largest primary copper producers in the People’s Republic of d China, and its plant is located in C Tongling City, Anhui Province. The plant was started up in 1993, and the current annual production is 350,000 metric tons (t) of high-grade cathode and 1.1 million t of sulfuric acid. Praxair® DOC technology uses separate high-velocity fuel and oxygen jets to generate strong in-furnace gas recirculation, producing combustion between the fuel and a highly diluted oxygen and furnace-gas mixture. These very low-NOx oxy-fuel burners have been developed and commercially demonstrated in copper, glass, aluminum and lead melting furnaces and steel reheating furnaces among others. DOC technology meets industry needs for increased productivity and lower operating costs with minimal capital expense and low maintenance.

Traditional oxy-fuel burners 4500 use high flame temperature for melting

2750

R=O

2550

R=1

R=2 2350

4000 R=4 3500 Air-fuel flame temperature

R=6 1950 R=8

3000

2150

1750 1550

R = Flue gas recirculation ratio

20 40 60 80 100 Oxygen concentration, % volume

(Fig. 2). The rich primary-zone stoichiometry produces high-luminosity flame for high heat-transfer efficiency, and the separate secondary-oxygen-controlled injection provides the flame adjustability. Due to the flame adjustability feature, DOC technology promotes optimized flame coverage and heat transfer. DOC technology meets industry needs for productivity increases, low operating costs with minimal capital expense and low maintenance. Drivers for Anode-Furnace Conversion to Oxy-Firing Technology Jinlong’s program for energy consumption and pollutant emission reduction led it to select the anode furnace as a potential unit for oxy-fuel technology implementation. The main issues identified by Jinlong to be tackled in the anode furnace were: • High energy consumption via fossil fuel • High power consumption with the

Fuel Oxygen Flame temperature, ˚C

Flame temperature, ˚F

5000

DOC (Dilute Oxygen Combustion) Technology Traditional oxy-fuel burners produce very intense high flame temperatures that can potentially cause hot spots, leading to concern regarding refractory damage, oxidation (such as in aluminum melting) and volatilization (such as in glass melting). DOC technology is a low-peak flame temperature and low-NOx oxy-fuel combustion process using in-furnace recirculation of flue gas. The in-furnace recirculation technique, or the aspirating burner, demonstrated that the peak flame temperature of oxy-fuel flames could be reduced even below those promoted by conventional air-fuel burners (Fig. 1). DOC technology design is based on deep staging using separate high-velocity fuel and oxygen jets to generate strong in-furnace gas recirculation, producing combustion between the fuel and a highly diluted oxygen and furnace-gas mixture

tion

Fuel Oxygen

Reac

zone

Fuel

Mixin

g zon

e

DOC-JL burner

Fig. 2. (Above) Schematic of dilute oxygen combustion (DOC) technology Fig. 1. (Left) Impact of the aspiration technique on peak flame temperature. IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 43

FEATURE | Industrial Gases/Combustion

Charge door Flue

DOC-JL burner

12 m

Fig. 3. Anode furnace #3

combustion-air supply system (blower) and exhaust system (ID fan) • Heavy smoke generation, mainly during the reduction period, due to the incomplete combustion of the gases generated from the liquid bath DOC-JL technology was selected due to the uniform flame temperature profile, uniform heat distribution, multiple fuel capability (heavy fuel oil, gaseous fuel and solid fuel) and low maintenance. The significant reduction of the flue-gas volume allows the exhaust system to be operated at lower power load. The control system was designed to allow the introduction of additional oxygen through the staging lance to complete the combustion of the partial oxidized species generated in the liquid bath, mainly during the reduction phase. The complete combustion is a result of the combination of the reduction of combustion gases generated by the DOC technology, which led to higher residence time of the gases in the furnace and oxygen being injected at high momentum to promote enhanced mixing. Anode-Furnace Description and DOC System The nominal holding capacity of Jin Long anode furnace #3 is 450 t (500 tons) of liquid metal with about 12 meters (39.5 feet) internal length (Fig. 3). The anode furnace’s original combustion system was a dual-fuel air burner rated at 7-MW (24 MM Btu/h) nominal firing rate. The air-fuel burner was removed, and a dual-fuel DOC-JL burner rated at 2.5-MW (9 MM Btu/h) nominal firing rate was installed in the same port at anode furnace #3 in August 2009. The same system was 44 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Fig. 4. DOC-JL burner and oxy-fuel control system valve rack

installed in anode furnace #1 in May 2010 in order to allow scrap and return melting. Vertical orientation of the DOC-JL burner, fuel and oxygen injection velocities, and degree of staging were determined to promote uniform heat distribution over the bath. A full automatic combustion-control system (Fig. 4), with all safety interlocks required for oxy-fuel operation, was installed in the copper anode furnace and integrated to the existing anode furnacecontrol system. The control system designed for the DOC-JL allows adjustments of fuel-to-oxygen ratio as well as the degree of staging in such a way that the oxy-fuel system can be operated at the stoichiometric ratio required for each phase throughout the heat. This feature promotes the combustion of partially oxidized gaseous phases coming out of the liquid bath, minimizing pollutant emissions. Anode furnace #3 is charged with liquid blister in two steps with a heating phase in between, while anode furnace #1 is charged with solid scrap and returns. The DOC-JL burner firing rate is maintained steady throughout those phases. Firing rate is adjusted for the oxidizing phase, and the stoichiometric ratio is raised for the reduction phase. The firing rate, stoichiometric ratio and degree of staging is remotely adjusted from the control room based on the requirement of each step throughout the heat. DOC-JL System Performance From an energy standpoint, in spite of the low-purity oxygen stream supplied by an on-site air-separation plant, the fuel consumption in the refining process in anode furnace #3 was reduced by over 65%, from

209 kWh/t to 77 kWh/t (0.65 MM Btu/ ton to 0.24 MM Btu/ton), and no impact on the quality of the cast anodes was observed. The overall reduction in energy consumption via fuel was around 6.6 MWh/t of oxygen (20.3 MM Btu/ton O2). Historical data shows a typical 10-hour cycle for charging, heating, oxidizing and reduction phases of the anode furnace. Although the main goal of the DOC-JL system is energy savings, this cycle was shortened by about 30 minutes due to accurate flow control and fuel-to-oxygen settings during the reduction phase. Flow rates of oxidizing and reducing agents were kept unchanged. For the scrap and return melting in anode furnace #1, the specific energy consumption firing fuel oil was reduced by over 60%, from 1,115 kWh/t (3.5 MM Btu/ton) with air-fuel to 409 kWh/t (1.3 MM Btu/ton) with DOC-JL system. The 75-kW blower used to supply combustion air to the anode furnaces has been shut down, and the load on the ID fan was significantly lowered, promoting additional power savings. In regard to emissions in both cases, flue-gas volume was reduced by about 75% and CO2 emission expected to be reduced at about the same rate as the reduction in fuel consumption. Since the DOC-JL is an ultra-low-NOx emission burner, the NOx emission rate is also expected to be substantially reduced. Smoke emission due to unburned organics generated during the reducing phase was solved with the oxyfuel system installed in the anode furnace. Summary A DOC system has been successfully implemented in anode furnace #3 for re-

fining and anode furnace #1 for scrap and return remelting at Jinlong’s plant. The system has delivered significant fuel savings, power savings and CO2 emissions reductions without any additional requirement on the furnace operators. Anodes cast from the anode furnace operated with DOC technology show no difference in properties compared to the anode furnaces equipped with air-fuel firing systems. DOC technology offers energy savings, emission reduction and cost reduction in the copper industry. IH For more information: William Kobayashi, Sr. business development manager, Global Applications Transfer & Market Development, Praxair, Inc., 175 East Park Drive, Tonawanda, NY 14150; tel: 716-879-2350; email: [email protected]; web: www.praxair.com Additional related information may be found by searching for these (and other) key words/terms via BNP Media SEARCH at www. industrialheating.com: oxy-fuel technology, emission reduction, combustion control, stoichiometric ratio, aspiration technique

Click this tag to read Praxair's 11/09 article on acetylene for vacuum carburizing or go to: http://tinyurl.com/46by4hl

HEXOLOYSILICONCARBIDE ®

The Name That Makes A World Of Difference

No other company in the world has more expertise with silicon carbide than Saint-Gobain Ceramics. Our Hexoloy® sintered alpha silicon carbide is the material of choice for high performance thermowell/thermocouple protection tubes in furnace applications throughout the worldwide market. They offer high temperature strength, excellent thermal shock resistance, universal corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, exceptional wear resistance and are available in custom lengths. Wherever you’re located in the global market, specify Hexoloy silicon carbide, the name that delivers performance you can count on.

Saint-Gobain Ceramics 23 Acheson Drive Niagara Falls, New York 14303

Telephone: 716-278-6233 Fax: 716-278-2373 [email protected]

www.hexoloy.com

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 45

FEATURE | Ceramics & Refractories/Insulation

The ar “Refractory Selection and has been removed at the

46 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

rticle Environmental Footprint” e request of the author.

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 47

FEATURE | Nonferrous Melting/Forming/Joining

Industrial-Scale Melting of Uranium Using Microwave Energy Kevin R. Brooks – MS Technology, Inc.; Oak Ridge, Tenn. In November 2001, a U.S. patent was issued for a transformational industrial process used to melt metal with microwave energy. During the following years, the process has been significantly refined, and a practical foundry solution employing microwave technology is quickly evolving into a commercial reality.

M

icrowave metal-melting is a potentially disruptive technology due to its efficient use of electrical energy. The concept has been developed by MS Technology, Inc., an engineering company located in Oak Ridge, Tenn. As a result of the company’s research and development, an alternative to vacuum induction melting (VIM) equipment is being developed to significantly cut energy costs and operations time. Microwave casters do not require the expensive vacuum equipment and infrastructure needed to support operations, as do other comparable industrial melters. A small microwave caster can easily reach temperatures exceeding 2000°C in less than 30 minutes and be operated using only 110 volt line current.

Microwave Metal-Melting History Microwave metal-melting represents a technology that allows efficient, volu-

Fig. 1. Depleted uranium casting

metric heating without a conventional radiant heat source. An object to be heated is placed inside an oven, and microwave energy is introduced. This energy is absorbed by the object, and heat is created as a result of this absorption. The object itself becomes the only source of radiant heat. The more absorbent an object is to microwave energy, the hotter it will become for a given amount of power applied. The technology represents a real potential benefit for metal-casting operations. It is the same benefit that slowly caused a revolution in home cooking when it was released to the public in 1967. For the past five years, MS Technology has operated a full-scale microwave melter in a commercial foundry. The melter is used to test microwave casting technology under actual manufacturing conditions. To date, the melter has been used extensively for casting depleted uranium (Fig. 1) for federal and commercial clients in the U.S. and abroad. Depleted

Fig. 2. Depleted uranium alloy plate after rolling

48 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

uranium is used for development purposes because it is an ideal surrogate for enriched uranium. For safety reasons, factories processing both enriched and depleted uranium together treat each as though it is enriched. Thus, being able to process depleted uranium in a foundry having no enriched material represents a unique development opportunity. Knowledge gained while working with depleted uranium is applicable if one were working with enriched materials. Depleted uranium can be melted, cast, machined, alloyed and rolled (Fig. 2). Foundry experiments are performed using depleted uranium so valuable knowledge can be gained without encountering the risks associated with handling enriched materials. Melting Metal with Microwave Energy Metal objects can be specifically designed and shaped to absorb microwave energy. However, placing metal objects in a microwave field will not result in a puddle of molten metal. Normally, when metal is exposed to microwave energy, the majority of the energy will reflect off its surface. However, some non-metallic objects are capable of absorbing microwave energy. Objects that absorb microwave energy can convert this energy into heat. An empty ceramic cup, for example, will get hot when placed inside a microwave oven.

Fig. 4. Metal drum containing depleted uranium machine turnings

Fig. 3. An 800-watt microwave oven shown melting a small metal charge at a temperature of 2236°C (4057˚F)

Fig. 5. Uranium-oxide waste remaining in a crucible after a melt

If a properly designed ceramic susceptor is covered with insulation and placed inside a microwave oven, it can get hot enough to melt metal objects. If a metal object is placed inside the cup, the metal itself would be exposed to minimal microwave energy. Thermal energy radiating from the cup would then be transferred to the metal, eventually causing it to melt. Melting metal with microwave energy requires a properly designed ceramic cup (e.g., a crucible). The metal itself will never absorb sufficient microwave energy to create usable heat, even in its molten phase. The metal must be placed in a crucible made from a special blend of ceramic materials. These materials are designed to optimize the formation of heat when exposed to microwave energy. Microwave metal-melting thus represents an indirect heating process. There will always be a performance penalty associated with using any form of indirect heating. However, one advantage to microwave metal-melting is the heating efficiency of the ceramics used to hold the metal. If properly engineered materials are used, the heating rates and temperatures

Fig. 6. Uranium machine turnings melted into a usable casting

that can be achieved are quite impressive. In fact, unmodified home microwave ovens in the 800-1,000 watt range are capable of heating small, insulated ceramic objects to more than 2000°C in minutes (Fig. 3). Microwave metal-melting is exciting because it consumes minimal electrical energy and quickly creates very high temperatures. Melting Uranium with a Microwave Melter For the past 60 years, uranium metal has been cast and machined. A result of this work is radioactive machine turnings, saw fines and chips. These materials are stored in metal drums (Fig. 4). Since the materials are pyrophoric, they must be kept submerged in de-mineralized water or oil. At some point, the materials must be dispositioned. They are normally reduced to oxide, and chemical methods are used to recover the base metal. These types of chemical processes require a large infrastructure to support the activity. A direct-recovery effort through melting would be preferred. Success in recasting these materials using existing vacuum

induction melters, however, has been mixed. The casting quality is typically poor and yields are low. After melting, a large amount of waste in the form of oxide remains in the crucible (Fig. 5). If the materials could be successfully melted into new castings, the environmental and fire safety hazards would be mitigated. Additionally, large chemical processes could be avoided. After melting, the material could be more easily inventoried. The material would also be reduced to a casting shape appropriate for storage or future use. Microwave vs. VIM Microwave metal-casting has a distinct advantage over existing VIM technology when melting machine turnings, saw fines and chips. The shape and physical size of these materials make them capable of direct microwave absorption. When exposed to microwave energy, the resulting plasmas and other electrical discharges cause the loose materials to fuse together. This consolidation occurs within a very short time. Once the loose materials have fused together, they can no longer absorb IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 49

FEATURE | Nonferrous Melting/Forming/Joining

G L O B A L

microwave energy. The result is a single, consolidated mass of material. The process of melting the material then continues using heat created by the crucible. The net result is the same casting quality with a yield similar to what is obtained when melting solid chunks of metal. Microwave energy is already being used to recover thousands of kilograms of uranium machine turnings. During these melts, typical casting yields are greater than 85%. This means only about 15% of the original feed material – in the form of oxides and other waste products – remain for disposal. The resulting castings only require about 3% of their original storage footprint (Fig. 6). MS Technology provides microwave production melters to test your own materials and processes for suitability. The company can provide metallography, chemical and other laboratory analytical support to evaluate new products. IH

CONTINUOUS

CASTING —

F O R U M — May 2-5, 2011 | Atlanta, Georgia, USA

For more information: Contact Paul Steneck, PE manager, at MS Technology, Inc., 137 Union Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830; tel: 865-4830895 x216; fax: 865-482-5396; e-mail: paul.steneck@mstechnology. com; web: www.mstechnology.com

Networking 33 Leading Process Experts

Additional related information may be found by searching for these (and other) key words/terms via BNP Media SEARCH at www. industrialheating.com: microwave metal melting, vacuum induction melting, depleted uranium, pyrophoric, VIM

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How Can We Expand the Heat Treating Profession? During the past decade or so, dozens of in-depth studies have been conducted by myriad world-renowned organizations regarding the future of engineering and science-based professions in the U.S. Not too astonishingly, nearly all of these studies reached the same conclusion: Despite the obvious importance of engineering on a global scale, engineers (particularly those involved in heat treating and other “heat and beat” sectors) simply are not considered to be traveling down the most “glamorous” of career paths. So how do we begin to change this downward spiral? The message starts at home. Despite the fact that considerable efforts have been made during the past 10-20 years to reinvigorate the engineering fields, overall enrollment in college programs continues to decline and tendencies to outsource to consultants, or even offshore entities, for heat treating and engineering needs are increasing. The bottom line is that we, as heat treaters, must work to improve the overall attractiveness of the profession to future generations. That starts with those who are already “in on the secret.” Members of the ASM Heat Treating Society can help in this effort by spreading the word at every opportunity about the importance of science and engineering and how that can lead to a rewarding career in the heat treating industry.

Solicitation for Student and Young Professional Members for the HTS Board The ASM Heat Treating Society is accepting applications for Student Board Member and Young Professional Board Member positions on the HTS Board. The HTS Awards and Nominations Committee is seeking nominations for one Student member and one Young Professional member. Nominations for the Young Professional member are due March 1 and Student member April 1. Young professionals and students are the future of the Society. HTS values the input and participation of these young people at all levels of activity. To be eligible, Young Professionals must be within 10 years of graduation with an interest in the field of heat treating and be a member of ASM or ASM-HTS. Students must be an undergraduate Material Advantage student during the 2011-2012 academic year, with an interest in the field of heat treating, metallurgy and/or materials science. To apply, submit an application package consisting of your current resume, an indication that you are applying for the HTS Board and a two-page essay (typed and double spaced) addressing your interest in participating in the program. The essay should address: (1) What experiences led to your interest in this program; (2) What qualities, characteristics and skills you possess that will make you a strong candidate as a student representative to the HTS Board; and (3) What you hope to learn/gain from this program. Young Professionals also must submit a letter of recommendation and support (financial and time) from your company. Students also must submit two letters of recommendation from faculty. The HTS Awards and Nomination Committee will review applications and forward recommendations to the HTS Board for approval. Selected participants will begin their non-renewable, one-year term as Young Professional (voting) and Student representa-

tive (non-voting) on the HTS Board of Directors at its fall meeting. The Young Professional members must attend two regularly scheduled HTS Board meetings (to be supported by their company) and participate in four regularly scheduled Board teleconferences. The Student representative must attend two regularly scheduled HTS Board meetings with expenses for travel, hotels and meals paid for by HTS and must participate in four regularly scheduled Board teleconferences. This is a tremendous opportunity for leadership training, and it is also a unique, firsthand way to experience how a Board of Directors functions and makes decisions. Please send your application package to sarina.pastoric@asminter national.org.

Heat Treat 2011’s Virtual Trade Show MyHeatTreatExpo.com is your quickest way to Heat Treat 2011! Don’t miss an opportunity to join the growing list of exhibitors and visitors. Attendees can browse the expo and search the show by product, booth number or company name. Exhibitors get early visibility to prospective customers, and they can showcase their products and services, reach customers and prospects worldwide, and increase exposure by driving traffic to their website. For more information, contact Kelly Thomas, national account manager, at 440-338-1733 or kelly.thomas@ asminternational.org. IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 51

HTS EVENT

26th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition – Oct. 31 – Nov. 2, 2011 Duke Energy Convention Center Cincinnati, Ohio USA Conference Co-chairs: B. Lynn Ferguson, Deformation Control Technology Inc., Roger A. Jones, Solar Atmospheres, Dale Weires, Boeing Philadelphia The ASM Heat Treating Society and American Gear Manufacturer’s Association (AGMA) are co-locating at HT 2011. The Heat Treating Society 2011 Conference and Exposition will feature a strong technical program covering virtually all aspects of heat treating. An Emerging Technologies Symposium will address technology trends, state-of-the-industry and practical applications in the automotive industry, aerospace/military/defense industries, chemical and petrochemical industries, renewable-energy industry, tool-and-die industry, construction/off-highway industries, and medical/ biomedical industries. The event will also feature a Special Symposium in honor of William R. Jones, president and CEO of Solar Atmospheres Inc. Mr. Jones is a successful businessman and a leader in the application of vacuum heat treatment. His contributions to the heat-treating indusBill Jones try are enormous. Mark your calendars and plan to attend HT 2011 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Look for early registration and housing specials, and take advantage of group discounts. Visit www.asminternational.org/heattreat for more information. Prime exhibit space, advertising and sponsorship packages are available. To reserve yours today, contact Kelly Thomas, national account manager, at 440-338-1733 or [email protected].

Don’t Forget to Check Out ASM International on Facebook. Facebook is an alternative way for members and customers to interact. We encourage wall postings, discussions, member experiences, reviews of our products and services, from es,, photos p events, “happy member” photos, best-practices, etc. etcc. Find out what’s going on at ASM (you’ll need a FB account), and stay in touch with your societyy and your colleagues on Facebook.

52 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

ASM EDUCATION AND TRAINING UPCOMING HEAT TREATING COURSES: March 21-25, 2011 Practical Heat Treating; Instructor: David Pye, Homewood Suites, Beachwood, Ohio This course teaches the actual heat treating process or the “how” of heat treating. It will allow you to define and discuss the heat treatment process of steel and other materials, describe heat treat furnace operations and atmospheres for the safety of personnel and equipment as well as maintenance and control, and recognize heat treating problems and establish quality control procedures to produce satisfactory products.

April 4-8, 2011 Practical Induction Heat Treating; Instructor: Richard E. Haimbaugh, Homewood Suites, Beachwood, Ohio This course covers the role of induction heat treating in producing reliable products, often with considerable savings in energy, labor, floor space and time. Taking a fundamentals approach, the basic principles heat treatment and of induction heating are presented as an introduction. Course dates subject to change. For more information about these and other ASM education options, contact the Member Service Center at 800-336-5152, ext. 0, or John Peppler at 440-338-5151, ext. 5574; e-mail: MemberServiceCenter@ asminternational.org. On the Web, visit www.asminternational. org > Education & Training.

New Education Course Offerings! ASM Harvard Business Skills Courses Now you can take ASM’s new online courses, developed by Harvard Business Publishing, addressing daily management responsibilities ranging from running a meeting to developing a strategy and everything in between. Choose from more than 42 key management topics taught by world-renowned experts, practitioners and business leaders. Courses include real-world scenarios and self tests and offer downloadable forms and worksheets (ideal for continuous use and flexible application). A self-directed format allows managers to hone new skills and receive instant feedback in a safe online environment. Receive Certificates of Achievement upon completion. Begin improving your management expertise today with ASM Harvard Business Skills courses. Take a look and register online. Visit http://www.asminternational.org/portal/site/ www/education/harvard/

RESOURCES ASM Failure Analysis Center The ASM Failure Analysis Center features over 1,000 case histories together with authoritative handbook information on failure mechanisms and analysis methods. The Failure Analysis Center enables you to find specific information to help quickly solve your own failure analysis or materials performance issues. Two main ASM Failure Analysis Center content areas are: • Case Histories in Failure Analysis, featuring more than 1,000 case histories for a broad range of materials, environments and industries. • ASM Handbook, Volume 11, Failure Analysis and Prevention, featuring the complete content of the most comprehensive reference book available on failure analysis. Need a broader perspective on failure analysis? Subscribe to the bimonthly Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention for the latest practical information on determining the causes of failures and eliminating future failures. Visit http://products. asminternational.org/faco/index.jsp.

Featured Publication Superalloys: Alloying and Performance Authors: Blaine Geddes, Hugo Leon and Xiao Huang Price: $95.00; Member Price: $76.00 This practical guide provides an introduction for understanding the compositional complexity of superalloys and the wide range of alloys developed for specific applications. The basics of alloying, strengthening mechanisms and structure of superalloys are explained in optimizing particular mechanical properties, oxidation/corrosion resistance and manufacturing characteristics such as castability, forgeability and weldability. Contact MemberService Center@asminternational. org.

Improved Training Prevents Poor Performance ASM will customize any of our heat treating training programs for your applications and your employee needs. Choose from training programs in: • Introductory and Advanced Heat Treating • Heat Treating for the Non-Heat Treater • Induction Heat Treating • Heat Treatment of Carbon and Alloy Steels • And much more Your employees don’t have to travel, resulting in lower training costs. Train employees at all skill levels and stay competitive with better trained staff. We have trained technicians, engineers, R&D, sales, scientists and others at organizations similar to yours, including: • NASA • US Department of Defense • Duke Energy • Los Alamos National Laboratory • Boeing • Honda

FREE PERIODIC GLASS

Ask for your FREE, no-obligation training assessment and get a FREE Periodic Beer Glass. (Did you know that Carlsberg Brewery was the location of Søren Sorensen’s work on the pH scale?)

Contact John Cerne for complete details. 1.800.336.5152, ext. 5637 Email: [email protected]

IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 53

Literature/Website Showcase Nonferrous Furnace Systems | Burners & Combustion Equipment | Refractories & Insulating Materials Integral Quench Furnaces BeaverMatic Inc. For half a century, BeaverMatic’s heat-treating equipment has been known for steadfast performance, straightforward design and quality workmanship. The company serves the heat-treating community by holding true to Jack Beavers’ reputation for meticulously manufactured equipment. The IQF brochure describes the cornerstone of BeaverMatic’s product line. For more information, call 815963-0005. www.BeaverMatic.com

Pulse Firing Hauck Manufacturing Company Pulse firing is a specialized type of combustion system control that offers significant process and productivity benefits. The brochure features Hauck burners and Kromschröder controls suitable for the high cycle demands of pulse firing. www.hauckburner.com

Furnaces

Hexoloy Silicon Carbide

Can-Eng Furnaces Since 1964, Can-Eng has been designing and manufacturing industrial heat-treating equipment for commercial and captive heat treaters, stamping and fastener companies, automotive component producers, the iron and steel industries, and aluminum foundries. Take a closer look at the systems we have to offer. For more information, call 905-356-1327 or visit us at www.can-eng.com.

Saint-Gobain Ceramics Saint-Gobain Ceramics' new brochure offers a comprehensive overview of its line of ceramic materials for high-performance applications, including Hexoloy® sintered silicon carbide, Norbide® hot-pressed boron carbide and Noralide® NBD-200 hot-pressed silicon nitride. Content includes technical information and fabrication processes. Call 716-278-6233 for more information. www.hexoloy.com

Heat Treating Data Book

Heating and Insulation Systems

SECO/WARWICK Corp. SECO/WARWICK has published the 9th edition of its famous Heat Treating Data Book complete with updated tables and a new format. Customers may receive one copy free, two or more copies for $2.00 each. Visit www. secowarwick.com and click on "Heat Treating Data Book."

Sandvik Heating Technology USA FIBROTHAL® lightweight, modular design can be customized for a variety of electric heating applications up to 2372°F. Whether your requirements are basic or highly sophisticated, the low thermal mass and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic fiber modules means that you can build industrial furnaces with an aim to significantly save energy and deliver higher output. www.kanthal.com

Thermal-Processing Systems Surface Combustion This brochure introduces Surface Combustion and its overall capabilities as a provider of diverse product offering in the thermal-processing industry. Surface’s capabilities also include a wide array of aftermarket services and support activities. Whatever your heat-processing needs, Surface can put its over 85 years of experience to work for you. www.surfacecombustion.com

Charging Systems and Heating Elements SGL Group – The Carbon Company SIGRABOND CC fixtures made by SGL H CARBON are custom tailored solutions to increase furnace throughput due to reduced cycle times and better hot zone utilization. Increasing strength, low density and shape retention of SIGRABOND® under heat allows fixture designs with significant "dead weight" reduction and long service life.

Drop Bottom Furnaces

Insulation

Wisconsin Oven Wisconsin Oven manufactures drop bottom furnaces, quench tanks, age ovens and related equipment for solution treatment of aluminum extrusions, sheet metal, castings and other parts. We serve the automotive, aerospace and other industries. Our equipment is designed to the most stringent specifications. Contact: 262-642-3938 www.wisoven.com

Unifrax I LLC New Foamfrax™ Insulation offers exceptional energy savings, installation speed and lining performance for upgrades of existing fiber linings, lining over refractory, and furnace lining patches or refits. It can be gunned directly onto metal, refractory or fiber surfaces and installed at rates in excess of 1,000 board feet/hour. Call: 716-278-3800; or visit us at www.unifrax.com.

54 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Products

Hardness Tester Qualitest The UCI 1000 ultrasonic portable hardness tester is incorporated with state-of-the-art UCI technology, which enables hardness testing on very thin and small workpieces. The UCI 1000 is a high-precision portable device for quick measuring of metals hardness, including surfacehardened layers (cementation, nitride hardening, high-frequency current hardening), plated coating (chrome) and mechanical strength estimation. The hardness tester is used for measuring within the hardness ranges of main hardness scales and tensile strength. The UCI 1000 is offered with different additional changeable sensors of different design for measuring in slots, blind holes and in other areas. The tester has a flexible memory for recording results and also allows the stored results to be transferred to a PC at a later stage with the help of software. The UCI 1000 can be used for testing various materials like steel, case-hardened articles, turbine rotors, crankshafts, gears and welded joints. www.worldoftest.com

eMedia Suite Customize Your Plan

Website

Custom-tailored eNewsletters

Radiant Tubes Sandvik Radiant tubes made in APM and Kanthal APMT are produced from powder metallurgy alloys in a hot isostatic process. The result is a material with a very uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical strength. Especially useful in high-temperature carburizing and sulfidizing atmospheres, these alloys are exceptionally resistant to corrosion and sagging. The tube program also includes FeNiCr grades, providing cost-efficient alternatives when furnace conditions are not too severe. Since heating and corrosion conditions often are tougher at the burner leg of the tube, Sandvik has developed a method of manufacturing U and W tubes with APM or Kanthal APMT for the burner leg only. www.sandvik.com

Temperature Controller Yokogawa Corporation of America The UP55A and UP35A profile controllers and the UM33A digital indicator have been added to the UTAdvanced® temperature controller product line. These products will replace the UP550, UP350 and UM330 products, which are a part of the Green Series. The UTAdvanced Hybrid Controller takes superior PID control and combines it with embedded ladder sequence control. The ladder sequence control will be standard in all UTAdvanced models (except the UM33A) at no cost. It supports 84 ladder commands and a variety of analog and digital I/O points. Up to 500 ladder steps can be programmed and run together with the PID control. The PLC capability allows engineers using a temperature controller along with a mini/micro PLC in an application to obtain the same control functionality in one package at the cost of just the controller. www.yokogawa.com/us

Wireless Transmitter Omega Engineering UWXL industrial wireless transmitters offer unparalleled flexibility exib bility for process measurement applications. These transmitters are designed d for a variety of applications, including temperature, infrared d temperature, relative humidity, process transducers with stanndard voltage or current outputs, and flow (pulsed frequency). y). Thermocouple, RTD, infrared temperature, process voltage/ e/ current and flow/pulsed frequency input models are available. e. The UWXL has an IP68-rated industrial enclosure, includes free ee software that converts your PC into a multi-channel chart reecorder or data logger and is compatible with both of Omega’s ’s UWTC-REC and UWXL-REC wireless receivers. www.omega.com

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Contact one of Industrial Heating’s integrated media specialists: Kathy Pisano 412-306-4357 Larry Pullman 888-494-8480 Steve Roth 520-742-0175 Patrick Connolly (44) 1-702-477341 IndustrialHeating.com - February 2011 55 In

Products

Process Imaging Solution Raytek The ThermoView™ Pi20 process imager and DataTemp® Pi (DTPi) software provides an expanded view of process performance in a wide range of industrial applications. Designed for automated monitoring and control of continuous or stationary targets, the ThermoView Pi20 fixed-mounted process imager provides a real-time process view of thermal images, allowing plant operators to shorten process start-up times and lower production line changeover costs. The camera is paired with the intuitive DTPi software, which minimizes or eliminates the long learning curve associated with many process imaging systems. The rugged ThermoView Pi20 camera is offered in two temperature ranges: -40 to 932°F and 392 to 3632ºF. It provides easy networking over long distances using a standard Ethernet interface, which transmits up to 30 frames per second of imaging data from the camera. www.raytek.com

High-Temperature Ceramic Potting Compound Aremco Products Ceramacast™ 645N is a high-temperature ceramic potting compound used to encapsulate and insulate high-temperature, lightweight heaters for applications up

to 3000°F. It is ideal for encapsulating small ceramic and metal housings used in high-temperature heaters, flow meters and pressure and temperature sensors. Key attributes include excellent bonding to ceramics and metals, ultra-low thermal conductivity, high dielectric strength, high compressive strength and exceptional chemical resistance. www.aremco.com

Shot Peening System

2011 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials May 18–21 • Marriott Marquis • San Francisco, California TECHNICAL PROGRAM Over 200 worldwide industry experts will present the latest in powder metallurgy and particulate materials. TRADE EXHIBITION 100 booths showcasing leading suppliers of powder metallurgy and particulate materials processing equipment, powders, and products.

Held in conjunction with:

SPECIAL CONFERENCE EVENTS Including special guest speakers, awards luncheons, and a main social event featuring a visit to Alcatraz and a dinner cruise. Tungsten, Refractory & Hardmaterials VIII

Visit www.mpif.org for complete program information METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FEDERATION APMI INTERNATIONAL 105 College Road East, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 USA Tel: 609-452-7700 ~ Fax: 609-987-8523 ~ www.mpif.org

IH02114Pow.indd 1

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1/19/11 11:22 AM

Guyson Corp. The Model RB-10 is a 7-axis robotic pressureblast shot peening system designed to support compliance with the most demanding process specifications and to enable automated peening of a wide variety of dissimilar components. It was developed for technical surface treatment of gears and aerospace components. The 60-inch x 60-inch x 60-inch blast cabinet is mated with a 6-axis robot as a blast nozzle manipulator. The shot peening machine’s rotary table has a diameter of up to 52 inches and is servomotor driven to be controlled as a seventh axis of robotic motion. Locating hardware is provided to allow interchangeable component-holding fixtures to be positively and repeatably positioned on the turntable. www.guyson.com

Are you a leader in the industry? Build your business and your career for today, and for tomorrow. You can’t afford to miss the 26th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference and Exposition – Heat Treat 2011. The ASM Heat Treating Society and the American Gear Manufacturers Association once again partner to create an exciting mix of education, technology, networking and exposition opportunities.

Is your company a leader in the heat treating industry?

October 31-November 2, 2011 Duke Energy Convention Center Cincinnati, Ohio

The prime location, a great partnership in co-location, and the fact that the manufacturing sector is getting stronger and capital purchases are on the rise make Heat Treat a winner for you in 2011.

Join innovators, influencers and decision makers in the heat treating industry from around the world to discuss main technical areas of interest and gather for two new features – the special Bill Jones Honorary Symposium in celebration of his many years of equipment and process development and successful implementation in vacuum heat treatment, and the Emerging Technologies Symposium featuring theory and practical applications and technology trends/stateof-the-industry.

Custom exhibit, sponsorship and advertising packages are available.

Be sure to plan to attend and support this global event.

Prime exhibit space is selling quickly so now’s the time to reserve your space and lock in your booth

Visit www.asminternational.org/heattreat for the latest conference and exposition information.

We’re your partner for connecting you to highlyqualified attendees and delivering you access to buyers and decision makers in the heat treat industry.

location. Contact Kelly Thomas, National Account Manager at [email protected] or 440.338.1733. Sponsored by:

Media Sponsor:

Products

Thermal Imaging Camera

Industrial Heating TRAINING 2011

Invest 60 Minutes and LEARN  Heat-Treat Atmosphere Basics: Saving Money the Easy Way 2:00 p.m./February 17 The selection and use of a furnace atmosphere plays a critical role in any successful heat-treat process. This webinar will talk about a wide range of furnace atmosphere issues as well as explain how the various atmospheres are best used in different types of heat-treating furnaces.

 Induction Success or Failure: Optimum Frequency for Your Process 2:00 p.m./May 19 Selection of the correct operating frequency for an induction-heating application can spell the difference between a successful process and the inability to perform. This Webinar will explore the theory behind frequency selection and the methods for obtaining the optimum frequency for the application. Typical applications will be covered as well as those special areas where multiple frequencies as well as high frequencies can be job specific.

 Temperature Sensing/Control: The Right Tools Save You Money 2:00 p.m./August 18 Topics to be covered include: Principles of temperature measurement; Types of sensors and suitable applications; Response, accuracy, and quality control; Non-uniformities, errors and numerical models; Indicators, switches, transmitters, telemetry; Sensors for safety, environmental control, process control.

 Secrets of Hardness & Mechanical Testing 2:00 p.m./November 11 This webinar will focus on hardness testing (e.g., Brinell, Rockwell, Rockwell Superficial, Microhardness) and include examples of common testing problems encountered. The presenter will also discuss various other types of mechanical-testing methods, including fatigue, tensile strength, impact, shear and torsion testing. Other types of industry tests such as stress rupture, stress durability, pull-out/push-out, vibration, engagement, wear, microstructure, chemical analysis and corrosion will also be covered.

Sponsored in part by

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60 mins./webinar including Q&A. webinars.industrialheating.com Sign Up TODAY Online.

58 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

Land Instruments The new FTI-E 1000 camera is perfectly suited for high-temperature applications. Operating at 1μm, the new instrument combines highresolution thermal imaging with accurate temperature measurement from 11005400°F over a range of four models. The high-resolution detector array coupled with precision optics means the FTI-E 1000 can resolve targets as small as 0.013 mm square, and image processing provided by software means that alignment issues simply disappear. Key benefits of this new product include high-temperature measurement accuracy to optimize process control, simple installation and easy use. In addition, there is a choice of close-up lenses to ensure the camera exactly matches your application. www.landinst.com

Box Furnace The Grieve Corp. No. 871 is a 2000°F gas-heated box furnace used for heat treating and high-temperature testing. Workspace dimensions are 30 inches wide x 48 inches deep x 30 inches high, and 650,000 BTU/hour are installed in three modulating natural gas burners with a floor-mounted combustion air blower. The unit has 7-inch insulated walls comprised of 5 inches of 2300°F ceramic fiber and 2 inches of 1700°F block insulation. The 6.5-inch floor insulation is made of 4.5 inches of 2300°F firebrick and 2 inches of 1900°F block insulation. The plate hearth is made of firebrick and is supported by firebrick piers. Controls include a Partlow MRC 7000 recording and programming temperature controller. www.grievecorp.com g p

The Aftermarket Parts, Services & Consulting Resources

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$

125 pparts arts

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$149 per month for a single two-color card $199 per month for a single four-color card

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Aftermarket Services for Induction Equipment s s s s s s s s

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Pillar Induction Ó£™äxÊ>ÌiÜ>ÞÊ,`ÊÊUÊÊ ÀœœŽwi`]Ê7ÊxÎä{x

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Melting

Forging

Spare Parts Used and rebuilt power supplies Coil design, repair and development for Induction Heating, Melting and Forging Equipment

We Guarantee Our Work! 1745 Overland Avenue, Warren, OH 44483 800.547.1527 www.ajaxtocco.com

Contact Becky McClelland Ph: 412-306-4355 Fax: 248-502-1076 Call TODAY!

AFTERMARKET C E N T O R R SERVICES Vacuum Industries Field Service Installation Vacuum Leak Testing/Repair Preventative Maintenance Used / Rebuilt Furnaces

55 Northeastern Blvd. Nashua, NH 03062 Ph: 603-595-7233 Fax: 603-595-9920 www.centorr.com/ IH [email protected]

Alan Fostier: [email protected] s Dan Demers: [email protected]

CUSTOM HIGH-TEMPERATURE VACUUM FURNACES 1525 Old Alum Creek Drive Columbus, OH 43209-2712 Ph: (614) 253-8900 Fax: (614) 253-8981

Induction Coil & Transformer Repair, Spare Parts, Flux Concentrator Sean Buechner – Coil Sales - East Coast Tom Learman – Concentrator Sales; Coil Sales – Mid-West Gil Traverse – Spare Parts & Handling Equipment Frank Veno, President – CEO www.alpha1induction.com

Lone Star Induction, Inc. Specializing in Induction: Heating – Forging – Melting

Brazing Furnaces Annealing Furnaces Atmosphere Generators Batch Furnaces Integral Quench Furnaces Continuous Pusher Furnaces Car Bottom Furnaces Tip Up Furnaces Computer Management Systems Installations - Rebuilds Used Equipment - Spare Parts BILL VAN ETTEN - Sales (734) 656-2000 Ext. 125 Fax: (734) 656-2009 • Cell: (313) 680-1982 Email: [email protected]

41150 Joy Rd., Plymouth, MI 48170 The Best Single Source For All Your Heat Treating Requirements

Electric Heating Elements For a broad range of applications Find out more at… www.Duralite.com

• Standard 3 to 4 week delivery • Performing quality after market repairs • Preventative maintenance • 24 hour emergency service All of our repairs are performed on site at our centrally located repair facility in Texas. Lone Star Induction offers over 30 years experience in the heating and melting industry.

We Guarantee Our Work! Lone Star Induction, Inc. 5610 SECR 2010 Corsicana, TX 75109 Phone: 866-403-5744 www.LoneStarInduction.com [email protected] IndustrialHeating.com – February 2011 59

The Aftermarket Parts, Services & Consulting Resources Hot Zone Rebuild & Upgrade Vacuum Furnaces Controlled Atmosphere Furnaces Hydrogen Retort Furnaces

Ipsen’s Aftermarket Support team offers the most comprehensive vacuum furnace support: ‹ Worldwide Service & Support ‹ 7HY[Z:LY]PJL<WNYHKLZ9L[YVÄ[Z Training and more!

525 Klug Circle, Corona, CA 92880-5452 Phone: 951-340-4646 Fax: 951-340-9090 Emaill: [email protected] or [email protected]

Aftermarket Support: 800-727-7625 Engineered Components: 815-332-2625

PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES TO INDUSTRY THE HERRING GROUP, INC. Home of “The Heat Treat Doctor” ® Education/Training - Consulting Product/Process Analysis - Problem Solving Furnace Diagnostics

Used Heat Treating Furnaces and Ovens

Ph: 630-834-3017; Fx: 630-834-3117 email: [email protected] Web: www.heat-treat-doctor.com

Ph: 440-519-3800 • Fax: 440-519-1455 Email: [email protected] Website: www.whkay.com

Contact: Michael J. Kay 30925 Aurora Road • Solon, OH 44139

Genuine Lindberg Replacement Parts & Service Equipment Sales

Call Toll Free at: 800-873-4468 Tel: 269-849-2700 Fax: 269-849-3021 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.lindbergmph.com

New/Rebuilt Furnaces – Vacuum Pumps Leak Detection/Field Services MufÁe and Alloy Fabrication Equipment Relocation • Replacement Parts Phone: (909) 622-1091 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.mangoldengineering.com

Qual-Fab Inc.

PARK THERMAL INTERNATIONAL (1996) CORPORATION New / Reconditioned Ovens Furnaces - Quenching Oils – Heat Treating Salts – Component Parts – Stainless Steel Foil – Refractory Products

Quality Stainless Steel Fabrications for the Heat Treat Industry • Radiant Heater • • • • •

Tubes Retorts Corrugated Boxes and Baskets Serpentine Trays Muffles Stainless Fixtures

• • • • • • •

Furnace Fans Furnace Rolls Diffusers Retorts Repairs All Alloys Stainless Steel and High Nickel

Contact Gary Vanek Phone: (440) 327-5000 Fax: (440) 327-5599 Email: [email protected]

www.qual-fab.net

THE AFTERMARKET

62 Todd Road Georgetown ON L7G 4R7 Tel: (905) 877-5254 Toll Free: (877) 834-4328 (HEAT) Fax: (905) 877-6205 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.parkthermal.com

VACUUM FURNACE REBUILDS • • • •

Hot Zones Pumps Leak Detection Service

Vacuum Engineering Services Co. P.O. Box 694, East Windsor, CT 06088 Phone 860-627-7015 • Fax: 860-627-9964 Website: www.vacuumengineering.com

1601 Miller Avenue Shelbyville, In 46176 317-398-3503 317-398-3548 fax E-Mail: [email protected]

NEW/ USED/ REBUILT FURNACES AND GENERATORS FURNACE TROUBLE SHOOTING AND REPAIR SERVICE REPLACEMENT ALLOY ROLLS AND RADIANT TUBES

www.thermotransferinc.com

Single or NEW DOUBLE Aftermarket Cards Big Impact for a Small Price! Starting at $125 per month for a black & white card

PARTS • SERVICE • CONSULTING

To Advertise in 2011, contact Becky McClelland 76 6 Ph: 412-306-4355 • Fax: 248-502-1076 Call TODAY!

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60 February 2011 – IndustrialHeating.com

THERMO TRANSFER INC.

125

2011 Rates Just $125 per Month for Single Cards

Classified Marketplace Rates Per Column Inch

Fax Your Ad To: Becky McClelland at 248-502-1076

1x=$125; 3x=$115, 6x=$100 and 12x=$95. No additional charge for bold print Blind box numbers available = $15 per issue

Or Mail To: Industrial Heating Manor Oak One, 1910 Cochran Road, Suite 450, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 Or Call (412) 306-4355 • Email: [email protected]

HELP WANTED

HEAT TREATING MANAGER Furnace Operator with tool steel experience Pittsburgh, Pa Fax qualiÀcations to: 412-781-3510 HELP WANTED

SECO/WARWICK Corp. is currently seeking qualiÀed candidates for the following positions at the Meadville, PA facility: (2) Project Engineers www.secowarwick.com/me.html Team Project Manager www.secowarwick.com/pm.html (2) Field Service (1) Construction (1) Start-Up www.secowarwick.com/fs.html

Resumes will be accepted until all positions are Àlled. Applicants may submit their resume to: SECO/WARWICK Corp. Human Resources PO Box 908 Meadville, PA 16335-6908 [email protected]

SECO/WARWICK Corp. is an Equal Employment Opportunity Employer

FOR SALE

FOR SALE Park Thermal Electric Re-Circulating Furnace 120 KW, 52" W x 50" H x 9' long, 1400ÝF. Complete with Digital Controls. Mint Condition.

AFC Mesh Belt Tempering Furnace 60" W x 18' heated length x 6" h, natural gas, 1250ÝF. Complete with controls.

Lindberg Electric Rotary A-1 Condition 18” wide x 9” high x 60” diameter 72 kW; 1500ÝF. Complete with control system

Lightnin Mixers (9) Available 5 HP, 1725 RPM, Complete w/ propellers and agitators. Shaft length 46" L, Small Propellers 8"W - Large Propellers 19"W For more information, please call your sales representative at 1-877-834-4328 (HEAT).

Park Thermal International (1996) Corp. 62 Todd Road, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4R7 Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205 [email protected] • Web: www.parkthermal.com

HELP WANTED

SUPERVISOR Gallmar Industries, LLC located in Oshkosh, WI has an immediate opening for two heat treat experienced Supervisors to help support our heat treat operation. The ideal candidates will be dependable, Áexible, self-starters and possess at least three years of heat treat supervisory experience in a manufacturing environment. We are looking for people with good old fashioned work ethic. We operate in a fast paced environment and as such, you must be able to effectively multi-task while meeting critical deadlines, paying attention to detail. We are a privately held company and our employees must be team players willing to work with other departments to support our ever growing customer base. We offer excellent compensation, a liberal beneÀts package, and a 401k discretionary match. Please send your resume in conÀdence to Jennifer Miller, Human Resources Manager, at [email protected]. IndustrialHeating.com – February 2011 61

Classified Marketplace

HELP WANTED Since 1936

Proposal Estimator ––––– ATMOSPHERE GENERATORS ––––– 1000CFH Ammonia Dissoc. Drever Elec 1000CFH Ammonia Dissoc. Hayes (1994) Elec 1000CFH Exothermic Gas Atmos. Gas 1500CFH Endothermic Ipsen Elec 2400CFH Endothermic Surface Gas 3000CFH Endothermic Lindberg (3) Gas 3000CFH Ammonia Dissoc. Drever Elec 3600CFH Endothermic Becker (1995) Gas 5600CFH Endothermic Surface (5) Gas 10.000CFH Exothermic Seco/Warwick (2) Gas –––––––––– BOX FURNACES –––––––––– 9" × 14" × 9" Lucifer Up/Down Elec 2000/1250˚F Lucifer Up/Down Elec 2000/1250˚F 9" × 18" × 9" 12" × 24" × 8" Lucifer Up/Down (Muffle) Elec 2100˚F Hayes (Atm) Elec 1800˚F 12" × 24" × 8" Elec 2000˚F 13" × 24" × 12" Electra Up/Down 12" × 24" × 8" Fce. Works (Muffle) Gas 2000˚F 14" × 24" × 12" Lindberg H2 Retort Elec 2150˚F 15"×26"×15" L&L (Atmos) Elec 2500˚F Elec 2350˚F 17"×14.5"×12" L&L (New) 18"×36"×18" Lindberg Elec 2000˚F Lindberg-Retort (2) Elec 2100˚F 22"×36"×17" 30" × 48" × 30" Surface (RTB-Atmos.) Gas 1750˚F 72" x 72" x 48" R&G (2) Gas 2000˚F R&G Elec 2000˚F 72"×72"×48" 288" × 60" × 36" Sauder "Tip-Up" Gas 1850˚F –––––––––– PIT FURNACES –––––––––– 22" Dia × 26" Dp L&N Elec 1400˚F 22" Dia × 26" L&N Nitrider Elec 1200˚F 28" Dia x 48" Lindberg Elec 1400˚F 35" Dia × 84" Werner-Vacuum (Retort) Elec 1850˚F 40" Dia × 60" Dp L&N (steam) (2) Elec 1200˚F 48" Dia × 72" Dp. Surface Gas (R.T.) 1850˚F 50" Dia × 72" Dp. L&N (Steam) Elec 1200˚F 60" Dia × 144" Dp. Lindberg Elec 1400˚F ––––––––– VACUUM FURNACES ––––––––– 24" × 36" × 24" ALD - 6 Bar (1997) Elec 2450˚F 24" × 36" × 24" ALD - 6 Bar Elec 2450˚F –––– INTEGRAL QUENCH FURNACES –––– 8" × 18" × 8" Ipsen Gas 1850˚F 15" × 24" × 10" L&N Tricarb Elec 1850˚F 24" × 36" × 24" Lindberg (Top Cool) Elec 2000˚F 30" × 48" × 30" Surface Elec 1750˚F 30" × 48" × 30" Surface Gas 1850˚F ––––––– BELT FURNACES/OVENS ––––––– 12" × 15' × 4" Sgt. & Wilbur (1994) Muffle Gas 2100˚F Elec 2400˚F 16" × 24' × 4" Abbott (Atmos.) Muffle Gas 700˚F 24" × 10' × 24" Jensen (2) 24" × 19' × 30" Jensen Gas 500˚F Elec 500˚F 24" × 40' × 18" Despatch 28" × 18' × 12" Hayes Elec 800F 32" × 21' × 18" Sunbeam Elec 1450˚F 36" × 108" × 34" Process Heating Elec 300˚F Gas 500˚F 42"× 24'× 30" Jensen (2) 60"×45'×12" W-House Roller Hearth Gas 1700˚F

62 February 2011 – IndustrialHeating.com

–––––––––– MISCELLANEOUS –––––––––– 30” × 48” Lindberg Charge Car (double-ended) 4000# Accurate — Skip Hoist (NEW) 30"× 48"× 30" Dow Washer (D&S) Elec New Carbon Probes 36" × 48" Surface Roller Tables 30" × 48" Surface Charge Car (Extended Reach) 30" × 48" Surface Charge Car (System I) 30" × 120" × 12" Ransohoff Belt Washer/Dryer Gas Wilson Hardness Testers (RC) ––––––– OVENS/BOX TEMPERING –––––– 12" × 18" × 12" Surface Gas 1250˚F Elec 1250˚F 12" × 18" × 12" Lucifer 12" × 18" × 12" Lindberg Elec 1400˚F Elec 1250˚F 12" × 16" × 18" Lindberg (3) 14" × 14" × 14" Gruenberg (solvent) Elec 450˚F 15" × 24" × 12" Sunbeam (N2) Elec 1200˚F Elec 1250˚F 15" × 24" × 18" Lindberg Gas 1200˚F 18" × 36" × 18" Surface 20" × 18" × 20" Blue-M Elec 400˚F 20" × 18" × 20" Blue-M Elec 650˚F Elec 800˚F 20" × 18" × 20" Blue-M (3) 20" × 20" × 20" Gruenberg (Solvent) Elec 450˚F Elec 500˚F 20" × 18" × 20" Despatch 24" × 26" × 24" Grieve Gas 500˚F Elec 800˚F 24" × 24" × 36" New England 24" × 24" × 48" Blue-M (2) Elec 600˚F Elec 500˚F 24" × 36" × 24" Demtee (N2) 24" × 36" × 24" Paulo Gas 1250˚F Elec 650˚F 25" × 20" × 20" Blue-M 25" × 20" × 20" Blue-M (3) Elec 1300˚F Elec 850˚F 26" × 26" × 38" Grieve (2) 30" × 48" × 54" Lindberg Gas 1250˚F Elec 400˚F 36" × 24" × 24" Young & Bertke 36" × 24" × 48" Blue-M Elec 600˚F Elec 500˚F 36" × 38" × 36" Grieve 36" × 36" × 36" Trent Elec 1200˚F Elec 600˚F 36" × 36" × 48" Blue-M 36" × 36" × 48" P-Quincy Elec 600˚F Elec 500˚F 36" × 36" × 60" Grieve 36" × 60" × 60" Lydon Bros Elec 800˚F Elec 850˚F 37" × 19" × 25" Despatch 36" × 60" × 36" CEC (2) Elec 650˚F Elec 450˚F 36" × 36" × 120" Steelman 38" × 20" × 26" P-Quincy (2) Elec 1250˚F Elec 850˚F 38" × 20" × 26" Grieve 38" × 26" × 38" Grieve Elec 1000˚F Elec 600˚F 48" × 24" × 48" Blue-M 48" × 30" × 42" Despatch Gas 850˚F Elec 450˚F 48" × 48" × 72" Lydon Bros. 48" × 48" × 72" Gruenberg Elec 500˚F Elec 500˚F 48" × 48" × 84" Grieve 48" × 48" × 84" Gruenberg Elec 450˚F Elec 500˚F 48" × 72" × 72" Mich. Oven 50" × 50" × 50" Grieve Gas 850˚F Elec 350˚F 54" × 30" × 60" P-Quincy 54" × 68" × 66" Despatch (Solvent) Elec 500˚F Elec 450˚F 54" × 108" × 72" P-Quincy 60" × 64" × 72" Poll. Cont. Burn-off Gas 850˚F Gas 700˚F 72" × 96" × 72" Despatch 72" × 96" × 72" Despatch (2) Gas 700˚F Gas 500˚F 72" × 72" × 72" Mich. Oven 84" × 96" × 72" Despatch (2) Gas 700˚F Gas 450˚F 72" × 120" × 72" Grieve 72" × 144" × 42" Bowman (Car) Gas 1000˚F 84" × 96" × 72" Despatch (2) Gas 700˚F 96" × 120" × 96" Poll. Cont. Burn-off Gas 850˚F

Industrial heat treat equipment manufacturer is immediately seeking a full time Proposal Estimator with engineering background and heat treating industry experience. Please reply in conÀdence to: [email protected] or mail to: Carol Dimmer Premier Furnace Specialists 23850 Freeway Park Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48335

FOR $25.00 WE WILL POST AND LINK YOUR AD ONLINE Visit industrial heating online at www.industrialheating.com FOR SALE

FOR OVER 45 YEARS, specializing in buying and selling used Heat Treating, Heat Processing and Metal Finishing Equipment worldwide.

   

Heat Treat Furnaces (Batch & Continuous) Heat Processing Ovens • Parts Washers Shot Blast Cleaning/Peening & Vibratory Finishing Machines • Dust Collectors

“Featured Equipment” • Surface Combustion 6000 Endo, Gas Air Cooled • Vac Aero 6 bar, 2400ÝF, 36"x 48"x 30" • Surface Combustion 36"x72"x36" Top Cool I/Q Line • Lindberg 24 " x 36 " x 18" Vacuum Furnace • Various pieces of Induction Equipment Enterprise Equipment Co., Inc. 6000 Caniff Ave.,Detroit, MI 48212 Ph: 313-366-6600 • Fax: 313-366-6603 Web: www.eecoinc.com Email: [email protected]

Classified Marketplace FOR SALE

FOR SALE

FOR SALE

New Design

SPARK IGNITER Used for the automatic ignition of recuperative burner systems.

Surface Combustion Gas Fired Integral Quench Furnaces. (4 Available) *Diff erent Leng ths A vailab le

With washers, tempers and generators. Working dimensions: 30" w x 30" h x 48" d; Rated: 2500 lbs./hour; c/w controls

Park Thermal Gas Fired Mesh Belt Furnace 1250ÝF, 65" w x 27' long x 4" high, natural gas, complete with free standing control panel.

NEW DESIGN • Improved Performance • Longer Life • Larger Gap • Floating Spark • Direct Replacement Call for model/ pricing information *We offer both designs

283 East Hellen Road • Palatine, IL 60067 Tel: 847.202.0000 • Fax: 847.202.0004 www.duffycompany.com

For more information, please call your sales representative at 1-877-834-4328 (HEAT).

Park Thermal International (1996) Corp. 62 Todd Road, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4R7 Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205 [email protected] • Web: www.parkthermal.com

AMIC R E C . BLE T PA M Industrial Heating T E S T A IGH C EALAN

H

SIVE E H D A

Resists Chemicals, Electricity, Molten Metals and Abrasion

Mowry Enterprises, Inc. Used

Rebuilt

Just Apply and Let Dry Bonds Most Materials

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE New

& SMoist Creamy Putty

Solutions

For Sale VFS 6 BAR, 36 x 36 x 48: graphite hot zone, high vacuum, internal quench, 2650 F, PLC/ touch screen controls Ipsen 224, 15” x 10” x 24” , 2002 control panel, rebuilt pump, graphite elements, mech pump/ diffusion pump VACUUM OIL QUENCH CARBURIZER: C.I. Hayes: 24” x 24” x 24”, Still installed, 2 chamber with isolated oil quench, complete with water recirc system and alloy grids. Heat Chamber is 24 24 36. Quench chamber can be modiÀed for this larger load. VFS HL 36: 2500 F, 24” x24” x38” graphite hot zone, High vacuum, PLC/ touch screen controls, Pressure Quench VFS HL 50: 36” x 30” x 48”, graphite hot zone, high vaucum, 1200 CFM external quench, 2650 F 2 BAR: 10” x 10” x 20” hot zone, Graphite. Mech pump and blower, built in 1999. TM 12 x 12 x 20: graphite hot zone, high vacuum, internal quench, 5 psig positive quench ABAR 48 x 48 bottom load: graphite hot zone, high vacuum, external quench, PLC/ touch screen controls

www.mowryenterprises.com email: [email protected] Phone: 978-808-8634 Fax: 508-845-4769

2300 F O

FREE MATERIALS HANDBOOK

COTRONICS CORP. www.cotronics.com - [email protected] 718-788-5533

REPRINT PLAQUES ARE NOW AVAILABLE

Contact Becky McClelland at 412-306-4355 for details

for sale

Standard Fuel Engineering Mesh Belt Conveyor-Type Tempering Furnace 1050˚F maximum temperature Single zone Direct Gas Burner Garden City Recirculating Fan 48” wide x 45’-0” overall length Barber Colman Temperature Controls

TWO AVAILABLE!

For more information contact our sales team at: [email protected] or 734.656.2000 ext. 2

IndustrialHeating.com – February 2011 63

Classified Marketplace FOR SALE

FOR SALE

Industrial Heating REPRINT PLAQUES Are Now Available Contact Becky McClelland at 412-306-4355 for details

ONLINE AT: WWW.INDUSTRIALHEATING.COM

a

apex auctions

Online Auction Bid online through our website: www.apexauctions.com

You can enter the auction to start bidding now For further information, Terms & Conditions please refer to our website or call us.

Heat Treating Department Including Air Circulating Tempering Furnaces, Boiler, Filter Press and More

Surplus to the Needs of a Major Perishable Tool Manufacturer Site Location: 407 Old Evans Rd, Martinez, Georgia 30809, USA Sale Ends: Thursday, March 24, 2011 from 2pm CST - Viewing By Appointment Only Heat Treat Dept, Approx 10 L&S Steam Homo Atmosphere & Air Circulating Tempering Pit Furnaces from 22” - 48 Dia”, 60 Deep; Misc Pots, Furnace Parts; Filter Press; Fulton Boiler; Baron Blakeslee Auto load Degreaser; Huffman Model HS-156F, 15 M Control; Walters 55-R, 6 Axis Tool & Cutter Grinders; 48” De-Hoff Gun Drill; 42” Model 22D 42 Blanchard Rotary Surface Grinder; Hillyer Model 600 CNC VMC; Starret CMM, Di-Metric Plus 2SWLFDO&RPSDUDWRU+HUWOHLQ)OXWH0DFKLQHV*UHHQ¿HOG'XDO&XW2IIV HP Ingersol Screw Compressor; Fork Lifts: Yale, Clark, Crown, Walker and Raymond Side Loader; Marvel Do All C80 Saws; Zero Blast Cabinets; Lipe Bar Feeds; B & S Ultramatic Screw Machines; Thompson Grinder; Hannifan and Dennison Hydraulic C Frame Presses; Pumps; Coolant Tanks and Pumps; Tranformers; Parts Cleaner; 3 Ton Bridge Crane; Approx 10 Hydra Cell 7.5 HP pumps; Trion Air Filters; Misc Motors and much more

www.apexauctions.com 27475 Ferry Road Suite 127, Warrenville, IL 60555, USA Tel: +1 630 717 3720 Fax: +1 630 717 3721 Email: [email protected]

64 February 2011 – IndustrialHeating.com

Classified Marketplace FOR SALE

FOR SALE

Dispatch Walk-In Ovens

FOR SALE

Qty. (3) – ID: 7'W x 8'D x 6'H Qty. (4) – ID: 6'W x 8'D x 6'H All Gas Fired; 750ÝF Digital Controls

+Excellent Condition + Cleveland, OH Ph: 440-519-3800 Email: [email protected]

AFC Mesh Belt Austemper Furnace System 750 Lbs/Hr, 1700ÝF, 30" W x 6" h x 120" long includes loader, furnace, salt tank, wash, exit conveyor & control panel.

Seco Warwick Mesh Belt Austemper Furnace System 1000 lbs/hr, 1550ÝF, 36" w x 14' L, 2 zone, includes loader, furnace, salt tank, wash, exit conveyor & control panel.

Surface Combustion Atmosphere Gas Fired Rotary Hearth Furnace FOR SALE

22" dia. (Fibre) c/w Mesh Belt 60'L Temper For more information, please call your sales representative at 1-877-834-4328 (HEAT).

VACUUM PUMPS SALES AND SERVICE

CASHVAC INC. • • • • •

25 years experience Guaranteed rebuilding Warrantied service OEM replacement parts New and used pump sales All makes and models

• FREE ESTIMATES AND DELIVERY

Park Thermal International (1996) Corp. 62 Todd Road, Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4R7 Toll Free: 877-834-4328 • Fax: 905-877-6205 [email protected] • Web: www.parkthermal.com

FOR SALE

Factory Trained Stokes Pumps/Blowers

TOLL FREE: 1-800-397-1600 Specializing in Stokes Vacuum Pumps

ONLINE AT: WWW.INDUSTRIALHEATING.COM

FOR SALE • 30” x 48” x 30”H, Lindberg Batch Tempers, 1250°F, 3 Available • 72"W x 6"H x 24' , Holcroft, Atmosphere, 1600-F, Mesh Belt • 36” x 48” x 30”H, Vac Aero, 6 Bar Vacuum Furnace, 2500°F • 36” x 72” x 36"H, Surface Combustion Integral Quench w/Top Cool • 102” x 72” x 16”H, Holcroft Slot Forge, 2200°F, Gas, UNUSED

Hot Zone Rebuild & Upgrade Vacuum Furnaces Controlled Atmosphere Furnaces Hydrogen Retort Furnaces 525 Klug Circle Corona, CA 92880-5452 Phone: (951) 340-4646 Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

• Holcroft Pusher Furnaces, Gas Fired, 1750°F, 21” x 42” Trays • Lean Fume Afterburner, Surface Combustion, 1800°F, 2000 SCFM • 50” x 50” x 50”H, Grieve, 1250°F, Electric • Progressive Technologies Rotary Index Shot Peeners • Induction Heating, 7.5 kW to 750 kW, 1 kHz to 450 kHz, 21 In Stock • 36” x 48” x 30”H, Surface Combustion Batch Tempers, 1400°F, Gas, 2 Available • 59”W x 67”H x 50”L, Despatch, 1000°F, Atmosphere w/Forced Cooling, 2 Available Contact: Jeffrey D. Hynes 248.343.1421 or [email protected]

FURNACES OVENS & BATHS For a complete inventory listing with photos visit www.fobinc.com

IndustrialHeating.com – February 2011 65

Advertiser Website Index Page 53,57,66 Inside Front Cover 13,25 29 27 34 37 23,31 14 45 Back Cover 50 38 36 16,17 56 35 45 8 21, Inside Back Cover 19 50 33 4,5 12 11 32 3 15

Company ASM International BeaverMatic, Inc. Can-Eng Furnaces Ltd. CEIA USA Ltd. Custom Electric Manufacturing Co. Eurotherm Furnace Parts LLC G-M Enterprises Hauck Manufacturing Co. Induction Tooling Inc. Inductoheat®, Inc. Interwire LECO Corp. Metallurgical High Vacuum Corp. Nanmac Corp. PowderMet Rolled Alloys Saint Gobain Ceramics Corp., Structural Ceramics, Hexoloy Sandvik Heating Technology USA Seco/Warwick Corp. SGL Carbon, LLC Shandong Luyang Share Co., Ltd. Super Systems Inc. Surface Combustion Inc. Thermprocess Show Unifrax LLC Wellman Furnaces Inc. WIRCO, Inc. Wisconsin Oven Corp.

Phone 800-336-5152 815-963-0005 905-356-1327 888-532-CEIA 248-305-7700 703-724-7300 800-321-0796 951-340-4646 717-272-3051 440-237-0711 800-624-6297 203-453-2777 800-292-6141 269-543-4291 508-872-4811 609-452-7700 800-521-0332 716-278-6233 800-526-8425 814-332-8400 800-727-4474 0086-533-3260656 513-772-0060 800-537-8980 332-781-5180 716-278-3800 317-398-4411 800-348-2880 262-642-3938

Website www.asminternational.org www.beavermatic.com www.can-eng.com www.ceia-usa.com www.custom-electric.com www.eurotherm.com/nanodac www.furnacepartsllc.com www.gmenterprises.com www.hauckburner.com www.inductiontooling.com www.inductoheat.com www.wirenet.org www.leco.com www.methivac.com www.nanmac.com www.mpif.com www.rolledalloys.com www.hexoloy.com www.kanthal.com www.secowarwick.com www.sglcarbon.com www.luyangwool.com www.supersystems.com www.surfacecombustion.com www.mdna.com www.unifrax.com www.wellmanfurnaces.com www.wirco.com www.wisoven.com

y. . toda ister s April 1 g e r d d n n e a t Plan discoun . $100 bird ave Early

S

AeroMat – What you need to know about the future of the aerospace industry. This year’s theme concentrates on what we’ve learned in the past and how we need to adjust to the changing needs and challenges of A New Era in Flight. Each year we discover new and better materials that are significant advancements in process technologies. AeroMat provides the information you need. No where else can you get this high-level aerospace materials knowledge. • Technical Program featuring the latest advances in the aerospace community delivered by industry leaders from government and industry.

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Keep current with our ever-changing industry at AeroMat. Register today at www.asminternational.org/aeromat. No where else can you get this high-level aerospace materials knowledge.

66 February 2011 - IndustrialHeating.com

®

Jet Heating

Reduces Cycle Times with Exceptional Process Results Our patented new technology, Vortex Jet Heating, produces superior aluminum coil metallurgy while reducing cycle times up to 20-30% when compared to current market technology. These energy efficient furnaces perform at a +/- 3 deg. C uniformity, reducing heat-up time without overheating the coil edges. How it works The Vortex Jet Heating system incorporates arrays of round inclined nozzle jets that generate a spiral vortex motion of air, which result in high heat transfer witout producing hot spots in the coil. The high volume flow of this nozzle system, in conjunction with a unique semi-axial fan design, allow the coil to be heated more uniformly.

Process Results Actual field trials have proved that this process produces aluminum coils with less variation in material properties, less local cracking of the residual surface, and no burn points on the coil edges. Energy Efficiency Utilizing the latest technology in burner design and compact footprint, the Vortex technology is fuel efficient with a lower cost of operation when compared to typical designs. SECO/WARWICK custom engineers each system to meet our customer’s unique needs for energy efficiency, automation and material handling. Contact Jack Mahoney, Aluminum Team Leader, at 814-332-8430 or e-mail [email protected].

PERFORMANCE • RELIABILITY • SERVICE PO Box 908 Meadville PA 16335 • 814 332 8400 • www.secowarwick.com USA • Poland • India • China

We give you the competitive edge by manufacturing accurately controlled, high quality induction heating equipment that produce superior long lasting parts time and time again.

‹ Hardening, tempering & annealing

Our team of scientists, engineers and maintenance experts blend a variety of techniques to establish the WLYMLJ[ OLH[PUN ZVS\[PVU ZWLJPÄJHSS` Z\P[LK MVY `V\Y production and thermal processing needs.

‹ Coating, curing, bonding & brazing

For more information, JHSS VY]PZP[^^^PUK\J[VOLH[JVT

‹ Billet & bar forge heating ‹:OYPURÄ[[PUN Z[YLZZYLSPL]PUN ‹7PWLLUKUVYTHSPaPUNHM[LYZ^HNPUN ‹¹VYSLZZZ[YPWHUKZSHIOLH[PUN Inductoheat, Inc. 32251 N. Avis Dr., Madison Heights, MI 48071