Life of st Philaretos the Merciful Written by His Grandson Niketas: Critical edition with introduction, translation, notes, and indices

I fully agree with the opinion of Fourmy and Leroy, 89-90, that P was copied from G. 125 All the errors enumerated above also appear in P. To these may be added a number of irregular spellings, forms and other peculiarities that P has in common with G: 13 ouv
54

Introduction

ofno:-rspo: 586, of nup o:0-rov s~o:"Ae xo:l. zt<; 820, of oi: 821, and ohij) before no:vo:ylcp 912. There are also some other slips: xel-r-rovo:<; for xpel-r-rovw; 166, el crxeuo<; for zt<; crxeuo<; 209, "Ao:~wv for "Ao:~6v-re<; ("Ao:~wv-re<; G) 597, e0"Aoytj[Jlv1J for e0"Aoy1Jf'-EVO:c 782, and e0owolo: for e0wolo: 798. On occasion, P has misunderstood G: instead of o:0-ro (o:0-rij) G) 154, P has written o:0-rou, perhaps under the influence of the preceding -rou-rou xG:pcv; at 156f. P seems to have misunderstood an abbreviation in G and therefore written -rwv npocrwnwv instead of -rij) npocrwncp. There are also a few cases where Modem Greek has crept in: xo:"ATj fl-OV ~ nevlo: ol xo:Aw<; -cTjv olnof1-8voucrcv 67 and cr'rop-ljcr1J for tcr-rop-ljcr71 760. Finally, P omits every iota adscriptum or subscriptum found in G. In a few cases, P offers a better text than G: 72 topw-ro<; G: lopw-ro<; P; 679 8-rw<; G: ou-rw<; P; 711 'IG:xw~ G: 'lo:xw~ P; 712 -rou<; ulou<; o:tl-rou G (dittography): o:O'rOU<; P. However, these cases are not important enough to undermine the conclusion that P is a copy of G. One may rather say that P, unlike so many other copies of low-style Byzantine texts, rarely corrects or rewords its model but as a rule copies correct and incorrect readings with equal care. In fact, P appears to be a more careful copy of its model than G itself, or its predecessor, since G contains quite a number of evident errors. Henceforth P, being a copy of a still existing MS, will not be considered, except in the rare cases where it corrects a corrupt reading in G, or otherwise illuminates the textual tradition. In addition to these I have used four other MSS, three of which represent the version ~ as described, analysed and edited by J.O. Rosenqvist (forthcoming).

The Vita Philareti compared to other texts contained in G While from a stemmatic point of view G alone represents VPh in its original version, it is clear that it not only contains a considerable number of errors but also presents many cases of incongruity and bad granuuar which may either derive from the author or from a negligent earlier copyist. With respect to granuuar and orthography the edition published here therefore rests on shaky foundations. The MS as a whole does not stand out as a specimen of particularly bad or careless grammar. To judge from a partial comparison between G and the editions of the other texts it contains it appears to have been written by a relatively careful copyist. This indicates that much of the bad grammar was also to be found in the MS copied by G. This is of course no guarantee that the original was also characterized by bad grammar, although this seems likely. In doubtful cases the later ver-

Principles of edition and translation

55

sions may offer some help, the version called ~ in particular, 126 although these versions must be used with caution, and, moreover, do not cover the whole contents of G. For an analysis and characterization of the later versions, see J.O. Rosenqvist (forthcoming).

Principles of edition and translation Text. Since, like Fourmy and Leroy, I think that G represents the original better than any other MS, the text published here follows G as closely as possible. Unfortunately, it is hard to know exactly how far G also reflects the original with regard to grammar and spelling. It is clear that G, here and there, contains errors that cannot derive from the author himself, as for instance sm&of!.BVO<; for smAa&6ftsVo<; (96) and l:crnopa<; for l:nipa<; (68). In such cases G must be corrected. However, I stick toG when it deviates from traditional grammar, using fern. pl. -at<; for -at and inf. notJjcrztv fornote1v (orno6jcr at) and the like, and correct only when I see no means of defending G's reading. The exact borderline between possible and impossible readings is difficult to draw. From the point of view of logic and grammar the text presented here is therefore based on highly subjective judgements. When the readings of G seem to be quite unlikely, I have, when possible, turned to V and the MSS belonging to the version ~· V is in fact older than G, although it certainly represents a revised version, probably produced in the lOth century. The version ~ appears to be based on a MS independent of the branch of the tradition that is represented by G. Yet, as the revision was rather radical, particularly with regard to the content but to a certain extent also with regard to grammar and style, the version~. like V, must be used with extreme caution. Apparatus criticus. It stands to reason that G' s readings have been carefully noted in the critical apparatus. P, which was copied from G, is only mentioned in the rare cases where it offers a better text than G or when it happens to be of interest for some other reason. The ~ MSS are quoted whenever they correct an error in G or otherwise illuminate G's text. They are quoted from J.O. Rosenqvist's forthcoming edition of the later versions. They have therefore not been described and analysed in this intro-

126 As

represented by the MSS Barberinianus gr. 553 (17th C), Patmicnsis gr. 772 (17th C.?),

and Athos, Xenophontos 41 (17th C).

56

Introduction

duction. A proper analysis of this group of MSS will instead be found in Rosenqvist's edition. Translation. I have tried to render the meaning of the text printed as clearly as possible. I have not tried to recreate in English the bad grammar, the pleonasms and the other linguistic imperfections found there. For instance, xp6vwv wv ox-rw xocl Mxoc y
Sigla

Sigla G = Genova Urbanus 34, 11th century P = Parisinus gr. 1608, 14th century B =Vat. Barberinianus gr. 553, 17th century X = Athos, Xenophontos 41, 17th century Y = Patmiensis 772, 17th century (?) V = Parisinus gr. 1510, lOth century ~ =BXY

57

TEXT, TRANSLATION AND NOTES

KAI ITOAITEIA TOY EN AriOI~ ITATPO~ HMQN IAAPETOY TOY

BIO~

EAEHMONO~

113 'Hv n~ av&pwno~ tv XWP'f -cwv I1ctsv""(_,._~,-:,:'xWpar;, uLOt; Un&:pxi!w fe:wpyLou -roU _]v't) no!-M · ~6~~ t~ctx6crtot, ~euy't) ~owv 8x.o::-r6v, '[rtn:ot. vofL&Ser; Ox:tax6m.at., lrtn:ot. x.ai ~tJ.Lovor.. 't"'ljt; rcpolO fLO]xov-cct, np6~ct-cct XtAtcio~~ t[3', npocicrnct rtoAA:f)t; y-ij~ rtenJ.:tjpWfLi:va tJ·:fJ', p.ovW'tcl/t'C< rtciv-ro:, Wpo:io: rt&:vu xai no'-A1j<; n[L1j~ C<~tct · xct-ci:vctvn y, Kctc x-c'>)fL"'""' no!-M crcpoopct. EI xe SE: x.cd. cnJt-t~r..ov -roUvotJ.a 0e::oae~oUv, xat cdJ't'~ Urt'ljpxev eUyevljr; x.o:.t <po~ou!J-EV'tJ -r:Ov x.Upr.ov. ~ln:ijpxov SE: aU-rot<; x.at -rExvo:, 1tcu.lkipwv Ev nci.vu Wpa:C:ov -coUvo(l.a 'lwcX:vv'Yj<;, x.o:L &uya-rEpe<; SUo, \ OVOfLGt -c'ij [Lt/f 'Ynct-clct Kctc OVOfLGt -c'ij ow-cepq. Euctv&lct, )fLWV crcp60pct, KctC o-ce "i)px~-co npo; ct0TOV rtpocrat.'t'~c;, et -rt. &v al:n:'t't'o, tSLOou aU't'c/) 1-Le-rcl. xa.pfi.c; de; rtAY)"fLov-i)v np6-cepov h -c1j~ -cpctni:~'t)~ GtU'COU et 'tt &v ene&UfL~t, KctC el&' oU·rcuc; napet:xe:v c(lJ't'c/3 -rO ~'lj't'OUtJ.evov npordfL1tWV a.U't'Ov Ev 25 dp'>]vn, &cpwfLOtWfLEVO~ aA'tjitW~ -c<;; cptAO~EV

oe

9 b-mm. V: bm~t:~ GB loc. om. XY !I 9 Ox:ro:x6cr~o:~ G: Ox-ro:x6crw~ V bt-ro:x6mo~ B loc. om XY I1 9-10 n:pofJ.OO"iAAo:~ scripsi: n:po!J.ocr€Aa.; GB Un:1Jp~crLa..; V om. XY I I 12 xo:-rivo:v-r~ ...Bxcicr-rou scripsi: xa-r€va.v-n ...Bx&.cr-r)) G x.o:-rivo:vn yci:p Ex&.cr-rov XY xo:B-'&v yap Exacr-rov o:U-rWv V DOiger xcx:B-'Evcc y<±p o:U-rWv ZxAex-rOv B II 13 Su'J(i!J.~Vo: &pSeUcro:~ G: Suvo:!J.€V1J &pSeUcro:~ con. DOlger &pSeUoucra. ~V II 18 .Suyo:-rE:pa.~.; G !I 19 hlpo:l:ec;: WpaLo:~.; Ghlpo:t:a~ BX Wpo:Lo:~ V hlpo:[o: Y II 20 a.iho:~ VX: o:U-ra.~ G o:U-ra.t. B o:U-rrJ Y 11 22 1tpoow.:n}.; G: 1tpocraL-r"t}c; corr. F-L II 1 Jjv

n.; ...~AcXpnoc;: cf. Job I: 1.

2 "the

most" is not in the Greek. On the meaning of eUye:v-ljc;, see Introduction under "Philaretos' social status". 4 xat. 0 &v.&pw1toc; ...xulpo:c;: a paraphrase of the e:Uyev-f)c; -rElv &o:p' -l}Atou &vo:-roAWv Job 1:3, at the end, a phrase often quoted in the Lives of Anatolian saints. Unlike ~V, G does not specify that Philaretos lived at Amnia until much later, cf. infra 384. Obviously, the author did not want to blur the allusion to the Book of Job, which [3 V destroy at once by adding a conventional prologue. As Amnia belonged to the jurisdiction of Gangra, the capital of Paphlago-

3

THE LIFE AND CONDUCT OF OUR FATHER PHILARETOS THE MERCIFUL NOW AMONG THE SAINTS 1. Philaretos' wealth, family and way of life In the land of the Paphlagonians there was a man called Philaretos, 1 and this man was the most2 noble' of the men in Pontos and the Galatian region,4 the son of George, a farmer as the name says. He was very rich and had many livestock: six hundred head of cattle, one hundred yoke of oxen, eight hundred mares in the pastures, eighty saddle horses and mules, 5 twelve thousand sheep6 and he had forty-eight estates abounding in land, all separate, very beautiful and of great value, for in front of each one of them7 there was a well gushing forth from a hilltop, capable of watering everything that needed water from it in abundance 8 And he had many slaves and very great possessions 9 He also had a wife called Theosebo, who was likewise of noble birth 10 and feared the Lord. They also had children, one very beautiful young boy called John and two daughters, one called Hypatia and the other Euanthia, they too very beautiful. The man was very compassionate. When a beggar came to him asking for something, whatever it was, he first gladly offered him what he wanted from his table in satiety and then gave him what he was looking for, sending him away in peace, truly resembling the hospitable Abraham and

nia, one wonders why Galatia is also mentioned. The reason may be that the inhabitants of Amnia regarded themselves as originally being Galatians, see Feissel, "Contribution" 376f., and C. Mango- E.J.W. Hawkins, "Report on Field Work in Istanbul and Cyprus, 1962-

1963", DOP 18 (1964), 319-340, esp. 333. According to J.J. Reiske the enigmatic npo11-oaEAAO'. is a seminarium equorum imperialium, e quo sella seu sellarii equi, Sattelpferde, depromuntur, see his edition of De cer., II, 500; cf. also Du Cange 1245 s.v. 6 ~6e; k~ax6crwt ...xtA~tiSe:c; t.W: cf. Job I :3. 7 Or, according to V: "at each of them", 8 For the great number of separate estates cf DigAkr, ed. Jeffreys, IV, 710 (among other things the dowry contained) x....-Tj!J.o:Ta.: n:oAAO:. &:x.Lv1JTO.: ...-;no:no:k.~ e::Lcr60wv. According to Nesbitt, "Significance", 157, limited water supply was the reason for the fragmentation of the holdings, One gets the impression that the "estates" were small and located within a relatively small area, and that they could be controlled by a resident landowner, who did not have to travel long distances. See further on this question Kaplan, Hommes et terre, 332, note 372, 9 x.-r-IJ!.LO.:To: n:oAAO:: cf. Matt. 19:22. For this whole paragraph cf. Kaplan, Hommes et terre, 332f. 10 This also indicates that Philaretos' father George was not a simple farmer but in fact a prominent person, 5

62

30

ixoua-rov il8 tyi:ve'tO tv 'E7to(eL il8 o(h:w<; E7tl xp6vou<; 1tOAA01)<;. 'EI;c YI ~ -rou-rou tAe1JfLO
noAvn:Lcx.v €:~1)­ 0 Ot.ci~oAoc; i:~V -raG &vOpOc; 8:vcipe't'OV 'ISWv .t. 'toiJ't'oV rt-rwxe:Gcrat. 35 Awcrev <XU'tOv We; no'te: -r:Ov 'IW~, xed &~cwn:l-ra 't''l)'t'Ct. OUOE:v ycip .9-aux.cx.t -c6-re: LSe'tv o:U-roU -ri}v --rot.cx{rt'l)V cbtA6 -rOv O:vOpa ~x. -rWv n:e:!J-O:.O"'t'Ov E\&1J -1j E~Aoca

\[L1Jv ouOE7tO'te EAU7 nAou-r~aet. &v&pwrco:; 1) -ljyavci.x.-r'tjaEv, &.AA' Wa7tep O-re; E!;o:nlv'tj<;

oe

~V ov OE: E:y€:vE't"O -rO Ovo!-'-o: o:1.hoU ... 26-27 i~ti:x.oucr-rov .. iAe:"t]!-'-ocrUVf) G: E:~tixoucr-r X J] oih Ot:r.:A ByV :.crwv SmA& G: -rov -rocroV malim E:~cl;x.oucr-roc; ...EAE"t]!-'-OcrU\1"1] ]] 32 om. X ]\ 44 E.~e:n6pe:t. GY: E.~e:un6pe:t. BX 37 nor.:ljcre:t.\1 (rtot.'ijcrt.v G): nodi: \I BYV loc. Y II 46 n€:pctc; scripsi: 0~-fi; nf:pctc; G-rO om. loc. V al. "t]ll1t6pe:t. V \1 44 -r0 (sic G): 11--lJ BX ]] 49 OE: ~V: om. G \I 3e nipo:c; BX -cO nSpct.; Yom. V Ot.o:crne:i.po:; coni. F-L is not clear why in Gen. 18:2-8~ cf. also infra 137,34-139,1. It !I Concerning Abraham, see that Philaretos was te indica to wants he ps perha ; Jacob to this context the author also refers 'simple' like Jacob.

63 Jacob." Thus Philaretos did during many years. 12 His compassion became famous in that region as well as in the whole East. And if through an accident somebody lost his ox or horse or some other beast, he went to the blessed man with confidence as if going to his own herd, and each man got what he needed. And whatever one lost from one's herd one could go to him and receive what one wanted. And the more he gave away, the more his possessions multipliedB 2. Philaretos tested by the devil When the devil saw the man's virtuous conduct, he became jealous of him as he once had been jealous of Job and demanded to have him, that he might make him poor and then see if he would show the same generosity. For, the devil said, the man does nothing marvellous when he gives to the poor out of his abundance. 14 He then obtained authority from God - for it was not possible for him to do this without God's permission, since the Lord makes poor, and makes rich; He brings low, and lifts up. He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill, according to the utterance of the prophetess Anna" - and while the man continued to distribute among the poor his cattle and the other things in which he abounded, God ceased to repay a hundredfold. At last, using his openhandedness, the cattle-lifting of the Ishmaelites and numerous other methods, the devil managed to drive him to utter pove1ty so that he was left with no more than one yoke of oxen and one horse and one ass and one cow with its calf and one slave 16 and one slave-girl, while all his farms were plundered by the neighbouring mighty and farmers, for, seeing that he was poor and unable to keep them and till his own soil, they divided his land among themselves, some using force, others entreating him, leaving him the property 17 on which he lived and the house that he had inherited from his father. Then, although he suffered all this, he never grieved nor blasphemed nor became angry, but as when a man who suddenly becomes rich is filled with 12 Cf. Job 13 The

1:5, at the end. author here expresses an idea that often appears in 7th-century texts, see V. Deroche, Etudes sur Uontios de Niapolis (Uppsala, 1995), in the chapter "L'economie miraculeuse", 238ff. For the last sentence cf. also the notice on Myron, bishop of Crete in the reign of Decius, SynaxCP, col. 876, lines 5-6 Ot 0€: x.o:pno~ Ocrov bceS:t.Sou JJ.CiAAov TocroU't'ov €tte011J.f;D,euov, and VBaslun, fol. 29v, ed. Vilinskij 300,4-6, see supra under "Was Philaretos a happy fool?", note 4. 14 Cf. Job 1:6-12. 15 1 Kings 2:7-8. 16 As Ludwig, Sonde1[ormen 97 and I03 observes, this is the first and last time this person is mentioned. 17 Or, according to some, 'village'.

64 .e:Ucrctc; exar.pe:, We; xapii.c; d.v
65

70

75

80

85

fLBYot <pop-rlov d.p6-rp

ctU't'oU 't'ljv tOLctv Tt.vO<; 0~ yewpyoU 7t't'wxoU &po-cpt.WV"t"O<; xctt o:yeiv P tcr&lec V II G q>o.yfj : q>
!0:23. Mark !0:25

65 joy, so this man rejoiced when he became poor, throwing off his wealth like a great burden, especially as he had in mind the utterance of the Lord: "It will be hard for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God", 18 and again: "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God". 19 Dispassionate and innocent wealth manifests itself in that we use it well when at hand and when lacking bear the Joss without grieving, as it has heen written: wealth is an asset to those who know how to handle it, while pove1ty is an asset to those who can endure it 20 3. Philaretos gives away his last property, his house excepted

a. The yoke of oxen One day he took his yoke of oxen and his plough and went himself to his field to plough. 21 Ploughing and thanking God that he had been counted worthy of observing God's first penalty clause: "With difficulty and sweat you shall eat your bread",22 and the word of the Apostle: "By so toiling one must help the weak", 23 and again: "If anyone will not work, let him not eat", 24 respecting God's commands and becoming filled with complete joy, he drove his yoke beyond measure without growing weary himself because of his great joy. But as he saw his yoke being exhausted, he also remembered that it is written: "Blessed is he who has pity for the Jives of his cattle",25 stopped the yoke and prayed to God, thanking Him for such poverty. A poor peasant was also ploughing his field when suddenly his ox fell down and died 26 Not bearing the loss he began to grieve and cry. Under much wailing and lamenting he spoke to God: "Lord, I had nothing but this yoke, yet you deprived me of this too. With what shall I feed my wife and

20 For

this saying, Fourmy and Leroy refer to !socrates, Ad Demonicum, 28-29, whereas

Kazhdan--Sherry, "Happy Fool," 359 refer to John Chrysostom, De eleemosyna. PG 60: 707, 34-35: x.et.:AOv yO:p 6 nAoUt"o; -rot; xo:AW::;; St.ot.xoUcrr..v a.trr6v · x.a.:A"l) ~ m:v[cx -rot:; x~XAW; U1to~Evoucn.v

aO-n')v, which is more to the point. Moreover, in this treatise Job is

praised for being as blameless when he was stricken by poverty as he had been as a rich man. 21 For the pleonastic Ao:~Wv cf. infra, line 895f. xp6vwv Wv Ox:rW xo:L Six.a y10:v6!J.evo;. That the E:cmEp~ of G cannot be right is shown by line 133f. infra, where Philaretos blames the loss of his ox on the scorching heat of the sun. 22 Gen. 3:19. 23 Acts 20:35. 24 2 Thess. 3: lO. 25 Prov. 12:10. Note, however, that instead of J.LO:xd:pw<; 6 oLx:dpwv the Septuagint has OLXcttm;; oLx:rdpe:t. "a lighteous man has pity". 26 Ludwig, Sondeiformen, rightly compares the following episode with VEustratii, ch. 13, ed. Papadopoulos- Kerameus, 377,9-22. For the sudden death oft he ox, cf. MirGeorgii, in Krumbacher, Der hi. Georg. 48,17.

66 o: 't'2t. f.LOU xal 't'cl. &' !J-OU 't'ixv aU-c6· rt6~h:v &pE~w -rijv yuvat.x&: t) f'.OU ~e
95

oUx Ert:La't'o:t-tac.. Ka:raAzt~w d.rt:O xpE.ouc; U1rijpxzv, x.cx1 -cL npa.~o:t. rw e:L~ xWpav [-l<X:x.pcX.v rcptv 1) Aot.rtOv -r:Ov oix.6v {-LOU x.at d.rtoOp&:.c Brct.rtBcroucrLv p.ot Warte:p &¥)pee; yvWaoum..v at xpe:wq;e:t.Ai't'at !J-OU x.o:1 ucr~ oU't'~ -rOv t.Acipe:'t'ov -r:Ov 'A{J-vt.ci:t·"fjv, Errope:U& umi~EU~C< 1:0 ~uy<;i f!.OU, 7te
&AAwv BvOe:Yjc; y8yovsv." t; fau1:6v· "'Of!.w<; cl.Tts"A&w Tau1:a a01:ou "Aoyc~of1.8vou elTtev Ttpo 't''ljv Ep.Yjv crup.q)QpCt.v 't
105

110

115

120

•

.

1·.···•.•••··.

1I.

-1Jan !J-Ot. xo:1 A&~w 't't.vCt.v -rpocpE.q:. -tWv ~Evwv, 'tvr.1. x.&v auv.S.p1)v on oox h7to pe1 ilauve
fL'"'*

G loc. om. XY €nt.Aa.:~6(.LEVOc; BV: €nd1t[J.Evo.; 92 x.,oew;pe::LM't'a.:t. G: Oavc::t.cr-ra.:L ~V 11 96 ...-cpocpto:. BY om. XV 1]10 0 -rtvfJ..v G: p.txptl:v j 1 99-1 00 -r45 ...-rpocptq:: -r~ ...-rpocpa.:la.: 0-r(w nv& ~V:" G II y rcopii B eu1tope1 v om. X II 104BXV ~v II 101 bmo pd G: SfL7tOp
67 my nine small children?" How shall I also be able to pay taxes to the emperor? With what shall I pay my debts? Lord, you know that the ox that died had been bought on credit, and I am at a loss what to do. Therefore I shall leave home and run away to a far country28 before my creditors29 find out and fall upon me like wild beasts. 0 Lord, would that you had not impoverished Philaretos the Amnian, the friend of the poor, otherwise I would have gone to him with confidence and received another ox and put it under my yoke, forgetting about the death of my ox. But now he has also become dependent on others." Absorbed in these thoughts he said to himself: "I shall go to him all the same and at least tell him, the onetime supporter of the strangers, of my disaster, so that he can at least share my sorrow and I may get some comfort in my distress (although I know that he cannot give me anything), since he has certainly not forgotten his old compassion. For when people notice that their friends share their distress when they are hit by disaster they usually get some consolation, and when they see those who share their joy when they are successful they feel even more joy and are inspired with more love for them. Therefore the apostle says, 'Rejoice with those whorejoice, weep with those who weep; live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty, but assist the lowly' ,30 that is, to be poor with the poor, to weep with those who weep, to help the weakly, to assist the sick31 , and not to set one's hope on uncertain wealth." Taking his ox-goad he went away to the once rich man, the real lover of virtue32 , who had not yet forgotten his virtues. Then when the peasant had gone away and found the righteous man ploughing he began in tears to tell him33 of the death of his ox. No sooner had the righteous man heard the beginning of the story of the ox than he at once hastily gave the peasant one from his own yoke, considering it better to make up for his loss with this gift than to weep with him. The peasant 113 ~oU:x.ev-rpov: ~oUxevOpov G (3otrn;),YJYO:'i Y !3oUv -rOv hepO'.I X !3outt),·~yo:. V !I 115 &po-rpt.Wv-ro: V: -6v't"cx G -oUv-r:o: XY I[ 116 co.JcoU G: om. f3V malimo:U-r0 sedcf. infra lin.714[[117 &xoUao:t.G:-roU &xoUcro:.t.. YVcO &.xoUcro::t.-XII119 ~anterw:.p'suppLF-L[I 27 Kaplan, Hommes et terre, 497, observes that the man cannot have had nine small children, since this would presuppose an unlikely low mortality and also that several of the children were twins. 28 e:Lr; xWpcx.v p.O'.xptiv: cf. Luke 15:13; of course, this phrase should not be taken literally. 29 Instead of xpewcpe:tAho:t., which usually means 'debtors' and not 'creditors', one would expectS"o.:vetcr-ro::L as in f3, but cf. infra, line 814. 30 Xatper..v ...cruvo.:n-r6p..evot: cf. Rom. 12:15-16. Instead of cruw.n-r6p..c:vot. ~.like the NT, has cruvo.:nay6v.evot "associate with''. 31

32

Acts 20:35.

This is the meaning ofPhilaretos' name. 33 For o::U-roU =: o::U-r

68

125

130

135

!40

145

!50

"KUpt.i !Lou, B:v oiSo: 0-rt E't'e:po~ ~aU~ oUx {ntckpxe:t. crot, xed. rcWc; E:xer..c; &.rco:po-rpt.ticra:t. 't''ljv xWp(/._v aou;" "Er.Aa.pi:'t'V'. ''Apac; OE: 0 -dp.t.oc; x.o:L Stx.cxtoc; &v-f)p -rOv tLOVW't'o:'t'ov ~oUv x.ocl. 't'Ov ~uyOv B:nL 't'OU Wf.LoU E:rcL -r:Ov tSt.ov oixov Xr:t.Lpwv &.rc"f1et.. ®eaaoq.Li\1"1) OE: ~ crUp.~r..oc; a:U-roU -r:Ov Ev<X ~oUv xo:1 -r:Ov ~uyOv e7tt 't'oiJ W!J-OU -coU yE:pov-coc; e:I1te:v rcpOc; a?.rr:6v· "KUpr.€: (-LOU, not:i Scr't't.V 0 e-r~po<; ~oil.;;" '0 So &.7toxpt&d.; eL1t~V. "'O"Atywp-f)cre<<; Yl[L1JV l:v -r<;i K&:yW xa:U[.LO:'t't 't"OU ~A Lou xo:t EAumx 't'oUc; ~6cxc; L·wx ~6crx.wv-rat.. 6 p.tx.pOv civo:rco:ua&:tJ.e:voc;, U7tvcp OE: xcx:ro:axe&eLc;, E:~Yjvt.cl.cr&rjv ~oG-; x.aL d:1tBOpa i1tt -r:Ov &.yp6v." ' ' ' ' ' -rov A ' ' ' aypov. ' <' e:1tt. < ut.o; ~' o t-'ouv i. ( \ ' e:v -rov 'Et:sBA'fJWV eyupeu au-rou oe t"cl: 't"oG ~oO~ fupe:Uov-ro~ 8~ aU-roU ei5pe -r:Ov ye:wpyOv &po-rpt.Wv't'a: !J.E' ywpy6 v, 'tOV tv e<~'f'e
155

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scripsi: -rO n:Wc; S:xoucrc.

~'ljmxc.

G 11 154 crxLo\1 G: crxc.<J.v

~V

(sed cf. linguam

(axco,) II 154 "'"''" "'"'0 Go:u,ou P II 156 f'lv G: om. ~V II

69 hesitated and said, "My lord, one thing I know, that you have no other ox, how then will you till your field?" He said to him, "At home I have another ox, very strong and big, that can support all my family. Only take this animal and hurty home, lest your other ox should be idle and your household should know and your wife start crying even more than you." The peasant took the ox and went his way with joy, praising God and blessing Philaretos. The honourable and righteous man took bis last and only ox and the yoke on his shoulder and returned home, rejoicing. When his wife saw only one ox and the yoke on the old man' s34 shoulder, she said to him, "My lord, where is the other ox?" He answered, "I became giddy in the scorching heat of the sun and unharnessed the oxen so that they could graze. I rested a little, and as I fell asleep, the ox broke loose and ran away to the field." 35 His son went out to the field to look for the ox. As he searched he found the peasant ploughing with Philaretos' ox. Infuriated he began to abuse the peasant, saying, "How did you dare to put another man's ox under your yoke? Truly you have reckoned us among the dead, who from such wealth have been reduced to such poverty!" The peasant answered him, "My good son, your father gave me the ox." And he also told him of his own misfortune. When the lad heard that his father had given away the ox he went home in sorrow and told his mother what had happened to it. When she heard this, she threw her kerchief from her head and began to tear her hair36 She went to her husband, upbraided him and said, "You who have got a heart of steel 37 , certainly you have no pity on me who was unlucky enough to make your acquaintance, but at least have pity on your children, who do not know how they shall be able to live without a yoke of oxen. But you, idler, grew tired of driving your team of oxen, and wanting to lie down in the shadow, for this reason you gave it to him, for it was certainly not for the sake of God." But he listened meekly to his wife's reproaches with a smile on his face and made no answer, lest he would be carried away by anger and destroy

34 •oU yi:pov't'o~ does not necessarily mean that Philarctos is old. As mentioned in the Introduction, it rather expresses respect, as when yi:pwv is m;ed of a monk like our 'father'. 35 This particular excuse also appears in MirGeorg, eel. Aufuauser, 44ff. 36 A common gesture, cf. Acta Joannis ed. Zahn, 25,13-26,2 &x.oUao:oo: OF; -~ 'Pw11-ci.va 't"<Xi::l-ta, 't'O Ot.6:01fp.oc -rO knt -crj; x.sqx:t;/.:=tj; o:\rdj; pt~acra btt Djv "(r)V x.o:.l.. -rWv LOLwv -r:pt.xWv SmAo:~o(.Liv·'l v.n.X x.Ao:u&tJ-oU xed OOupp..oU mxpo't'ch:ou -t)p~(}'.'t"O Ai:yetv· ot11-ot.. ... 37 Lit. 'copper'.

70

160

165

-ro<; y&p 'ljv o a:v1)p ttpa:x_&e1mxv BAE1J!J-ocruv1)v &q>a:vlcrn. Tocou E1tL!J.EAet't'o, &AAlt. x.a:l.. Sau(L<XO"-r6c;, O't't. oU p.6vov 't'Yjc; E:Ae:"f)t.J.OcrUvYjc; rewc; -ra.{rto:.l.c; -co:t:c; Ouxx.pLcrewc; nA"i)p'l}c; lmci.pxwv xai -carcst.vWc 0p1)crci.cr1)<; wh'ij<; AOL0 oi: &ps-ra:!:<; cruvexlpva: -rfi BAE1)fJ-O<JUVrJ. lloAA<X wki) v o &vYjp ttpo<; f.v mxp lq; <)iux_ij<; whij<; -rou-ro 11-6vov &ttsxpl&l) &xoUw et.U't'oiJ AEyov-roc;· O·n. "!0 &Oc; nAoUm.6c; Ea-rt rwAU x.a.l voU 0-rt. oU cr1teLpoum. v oUOE 'Avo:~AE:l.JJCx:t·e e:L; -cO: 7tE't'e t.vO: -coU oUpo: nv xo:l 0 1ta-r~p 0 oUpcivtot:; &epL~oum.v oU-re: eL; &7to&frx"fJV auvciyouc pi:<)isc, xpsl-r-rova:<; -rwv oca:& -rpi:q>sc a:D-rci.· ttoAAi/> iJ-ii.AAov ~!J-ii.<; iJ-V"l\"1J"rE rrspt -rij<; tts-rscvwv {mci.px_ov-ra:<;. Ka:c ttci.!.cv· MYj fJ-EpL ih:· -r<Xi}rrx yd:.p rcci.v-ra: aUpr..ov, -rL ]cre-ra:c 0fJ-tV. TI!.Yjv oi: U xo:i -roD e:UceyyeAlou crLovo: E7t11"YYECAa-ro SoiJvo:t 't'oUc; Zvex.c:v o:U-co a:lwvcov XA1)pOVO!J-OU<; Oca:o6v-ra:<; -rOt: za:u-r&iv X.P"l\iJ-O:"t"O:, xa:L ~on]v &noAci~w!J.EV Ex.a-r6v;" 7tor.:ijcrat. 0AL~ecra:t. BO:v de; 1:0v £v(l.. ~oUv rLovo: &1toAa~e:'Iv Zv&ev To:i}t"<X OE: EAeyev aU -c !J-Y)Oi: q>uywv -rYjv ~Aci.~1JV &]!J-ovo< crou La no:t.S -r<X: eL~ t)V xo:t Einev· "''Ener..Sij 1j cip.o:p-rLa 1}v E:pyo:crci[J." E(.l]i npo&EcrEt. At.p.oEncipac; -rOv ~oUv Ex. croU xat -ro:U-ra 't'7] 't'-ljv ciSt.cx.xpr..cr[av !LOU X.'t'ovy)crac;, 't'OU't'ou xcipt.v oUx civELXE't'O 6 &e0c; xo:t &.7tiX't'Et.Ve x.o:t 't'Ov f't'epov ~oUv." ⁣ &vYjp d&i:w<; (125 ) '0 oi: q><-M&soc; xa:L q>cAci.ps-ro<; &!.1J& ~oUv 't'Ov p.ep.oov &.vacr't'cl:t:; EnopEU&"tj x.o:t
oz

170

175

180

185

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190

~c; ...&pe-ro:~c; GV: -ro:.U-ro:.~c; Y loc. 159 krtt(.I.E:Ad-ro GY: €:ne(J.s),d-ro XV I] 160-61 -ro:.U-ra -0crUvn G: €:x.Lpvo:. -r-f)v eUeA€1)(.1 ... .lpvoc cruvex 161 II F-L om. X -rO'.U-rO'.c; ...&pe-rci.r; corr. it B II 171 -roUe; YV: -ro~r; resum m lacuna post nodo:.v YV lac. om. C 11 162 &.nexpi.&tj: ou post COIT. G (etiam P) !I o:1wvi. ~u.rfic; tov· o:.LWv ~w-f)v 172 11 P) BX -roU G (etiam

71

what he had done out of charity. So admirable was the man that he not only devoted himself to charity but also, being full of discerning and humbleness, mixed his charity with these virtues 38 . As she continued to reproach him in the bitterness of her soul 39 , he answered her and said, "God is very rich and I hear Him saying: 'Look up to the birds in the sky: they neither sow nor reap nor gather into a barn, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. How much more shall He not nourish us, who are superior to the birds?' 40 And further: 'Do not be anxious about tomorrow, what you shall eat or what you shall drink or what you shall put on, for the gentiles do all these things, but seek the kingdom of heavens, and all these things shall be yours as well' .4 1 But I say: 'He promised to give a hundredfold to those who for His sake and for the Gospel distributed their riches, and to make them heirs of eternal life. ' 42 Do you become distressed if for one ox we receive one hundred?" This he said not because he longed to receive a hundredfold in this world but to encourage his feebleminded wife43 When the woman heard this, she became silent. Then after five days, as the ox that had belonged to the peasant from the beginning was grazing, it did not escape the dangerous poison called the wolf's herb, but swallowed it and suddenly fell to the ground with a tremble and died. Taking the ox that he had received from the merciful man he went to him and said, "Because of the sin I committed against your children when I took the ox from you and starved them on purpose, for this reason God did not bear with my lack of concern44 but killed the other ox also." But the man, being a real friend of God and a lover of virtue, got up at once and fetched his other and only ox, which he gave to the peasant, saying, "Take this as well and go and till your own soil, for I am going on a long journey so that the ox will be idle anyway." This he said, lest the peasant hesitate to accept the ox. But he took also this one and went his way filled with joy and praising God, marvelling at the man's generosity, that he had not forgotten his compassion, although he had lapsed into such poverty. 173 n:ot:tjcra~ scripsi: n:ot:ijcre:L G a!. (3V II 179 Auxoi36't'<Xvoc; G: Aux.oi3o-rci.vou BY E:Ae:/36pou V om. X II 181 ov ~V: o G II 182 kpyo:mi!J-~V GBY: dpy- Val. X II 183
"mixed these viltues with his charity". For the double dative, see under "Grammatical

index". 39 For

E:v m.xpLq: tfuxij; cf. Sirach 4:7 par. Cf. Matt. 6:26. 41 Cf. Matt. 6:34, 25, 32, 33. 42 Cf. Matt. 19: 21 and 29 par. 43 Lit. "the faintheartedness of his wite", cf. l Thess. 5:14. 44 Lit. 'lack of discernment'. 40

72 195

"Hp~<XV't"o oi: -ra -rexv<X a:u-rou &p11 ve1:v &[L<X -rjj [L1J't"pL a:u-rwv

Eyvwpf.croq.Lev 't'Ov &v&pwrtov -rou-rov · d yap xa:t l:rr-rwxevcrac[Lev, etX"'fL"v rra:p<XfLu&la:v -ro ~"uyo~ 't'WV ~owv, on -r<;i A'fLiii ou [L-i) O'<X'f'lt<XpW[LE:V." '0 oi: &yw~ yepwv dow~ -rov 6AoAUY[LOV -rwv 7t<XLO!i>V X<XL -r'ij<; -yuva:,xo~ <XU't"OU -/)p~<X't"o Mye:'v [LE:'t"a opxou· "Te:xv(<X [LOU, [L-i) AU7te'tcr&e· exw -yap XP'iifL<X &7toxexpUtJ.tJ-Evov e:L; 't'6ttov 't't. vl!. noAU mp60po:., O-n BO:.v ~Yjcre:re: bw:-rOv ~'t'"fj xo::.L !J.-1} &.no&cive-ce Ena.pxiaer. Uf.L'tV -roG"t'o etc; rt&.crav i),a:-rpoq:>-ljv xa:t crxerr
Aiyov't"c:~ npO~ Bau't'oU~

200

205

O·n.

"K<X.xW~

7te:vLctv xa.t 't'oUc; At.[.LoUc; 't'oUc; EcrotJ-Svouc;, &x.oUwv Ex -rWv yovEwv

O·n. 6 Se:p!J.&:rt. voc; ~[oc; oUOBv Bern.· e:L -re: y(X.p OuX. xe:ttJ.Wvoc; e:L-re: Ot.' &cr&e:ve:Lo:c; e:t·n: cbtO aLxp.a:AwcrLac; -rrxx.Swc; &cpavf.~e:-ro:r... ToU-ro E:yW &.x.oUcro:.c; x.ix.pt.x.a p.&:A.Aov 't'od}ro: XJX't'OC tJ-Spoc; nt.npcicrx.e:r..v x.a.t 't'~V 't't.!J.-fjv aU't'OOV xcx't'o:.x.pUt.Pa:t. e:L; crxe:Uoc; &cnpt't'OV . Ka.t rtpocrr..6v-roc; {.LOU noAAJcra:v. ITpoe~Ae7tE:V yap 6 yepwv 't<;i rtve:UtJ.a't't. -cOv &Oa:.rtciv'tj't'OV rtAoU-rov -roU .&e:oU, xat 't'ti Ex.a-rov't'O:.TtAa:.crLova:. -roG vGv al.Wvo; rtt.cr't'e:Uwv, oU-rw<; EAoyL~e:-ro O-rr.. rr.civ't'a & Eax6prtr..cre: x.at EOwxe: -ro1<; rti:v'tjcrt.v d; -rOv x6Arr.ov aUToU ~a­ ""'*~"'• W<><XV't'!i>~ oi: X<Xl 't~V a:tciJv,ov ~w-ljv. Tou'tOU x'*P'V X<XL &o,a:xpl "'"'~ 6lfLvuev. !J.OU

210

215

~e1:a oi: xp6vov "'va I:A&oucr1J~ ~"'"'A'x'ij~
220

ixe:1cre: cr-rpa't'6rte:Oov 'Cva cr't'pa-ce:Ucrwv't'a:.r.. XrL't'V 'tOV X'A''*PX1JV X<XL h<X'tOV't
avoid the tautology in G' s version by writing "if you live one hundred years without working". 46 Sep!J.cht voc; ~ioc; apparently means 'property dressed in skin', although the literal meaning would rather be 'property consisting of skin'. 45 ~ V

73 His children began to wail together with their mother, saying to each other, "It was to our misfortune that we made this man's acquaintance, for even if we had become poor, we could have consoled ourselves with our yoke of oxen and been spared from dying of hunger." But when the holy old man saw the moaning of his children and his wife, he started to assure them under oath, "My children, do not grieve, for I have money hidden in a certain place in such abundance that if you do not die but live one hundred years45 , it will suffice completely to feed and clothe you. For the cattle that you know we had in plenty, this I have sold in secret, since I foresaw this poverty and the spells of hunger to come, for I had learned from my parents that livestock46 is nothing worth: it disappears quickly, either because of the spells of winter weather or because of illness or because of robbery. When I heard this I decided that it would be better to sell it piecemeal and hide the payment in an uncorruptible chest. I often went there to make an estimate but could never count it." When they heard this from their father, especially as he spoke under oath, they cheered up. For in his spirit the old man foresaw God's inexhaustible riches, and believing in the hundredfold reward in this age he calculated that everything that he had distributed and given to the poor he carries in his bosom together with the eternal life.47 It was for this reason he had sworn without hesitating. b. The horse After a time there came imperial reinforcement" to the local troops for the purpose of a campaign against the Ishmaelites. As the commander of a thousand and the commander of a hundred and the commander of fifty 49 mustered carefully the multitude of soldiers, scrupulously requiring their

47 A reference 48 ~o:cr~Ac..x-ij

to Philaretos as a new Abraham, cf. Niketas' vision, iriffa, lines 868-71. btt.xoupLa or{3o-ft3-et.a, 'imperial help', refers to professional forces (T&.yf.ta-ra.) with their officers. For comments on the following episode from the point of view of military administration, see F. DOiger in BZ26 (1926), 112; Lemerle, Agrarian History, 59f.; Haldon, Recruitment and Conscription, 63, note 112, and 67 (where, however, Mousoulios, v.L for Mouselios, is mistakenly said to have met Philaretos on his way to the muster); idem, Bymntium in the Seventh Century (Cambridge, 1990), 243; Dagron, Traiti sur Ia guerilla, I83 and 185, with notes; McGeer, Sowing the Dragon's Teeth, 197f.; Trcadgold, Byzantium and its Anny, 98/. For the following, cf. also Kekaumenos, Strategikon, ed. Wassiliewsky-Jems tedt 21,1 ff. ToU!;; cr-rpo:-w:.)-ro:<; crou &v
74 225

230

d. p:(j eva trr;rr;ov xrLl TO n&:vu Urtci.pxr.,w xa.t p.~ Sx1topWv &AA.o -rt. J7tou0oG yevo!-LE:vou, &p!J-<X wJ-roU, x.a.t E·n. -roU cXOvoup.Lou k7tt.C C:o:.~ &cpvw X<X't87tecrev bd a-cpocf.d.pe-cov ilc"Y)you[J-eVoc; ctu-r
ov x.cx1 St.a:~TI 1:'0 &.SvoUt-tt.V Lva -riwc; 7tp0c; Wprx.v OWcrYJ cx.U't'Ov "C0v L-n:1t yepwv ·

235

; ctu-cov 6 &ycoc; xctl -cov xivl:luvov l:lcctilpd.crn. Ei:rtev l:li: rrpoc &rrocr-cpe<\Jctc ~{J-t: v -cov xctl u[J-cv "El-ect [J.e-c
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v

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75 pairs of horses and their weapons 50 , there was one soldier, Mouselios 51 by name, who was very poor, possessing only one horse and his weapon and nothing else; moreover, as the muster beca me urgent, his horse got the gripes, trembled and suddenly fell to the ground and died. The soldier got into trouble. As he could not afford another horse and the captain of hundreds refused to let him pass but rather threatened him with punishment and no little suffering, he hastened in desp air to the great Philaretos and told him of his plight, asking him to give him his horse just for a moment so that he could get through the muster and escape disaster. The holy old man said to him, "Then after you have got through the muster and returned the horse to me, what do you plan to do?" He answered, "To begin with let me get through this day without being beat en by the captain of thousands, then I shall run away and go to a far coun 52 try as fast as my legs can carry me, for I do not know what to do." As the venerable man heard this he immediately took out his horse with joy - it was both beautiful to look at and a good worker - and gave it to the sold ier, saying, "Brother, take it as a gift and the Lord will be with you in every place and protect you from danger in the war." The soldier took the horse and went to the muster with joy, praising God and blessing the old man. 53 But the truly God-fearing wife of the merciful man, believing with her child ren that he had plenty of money laid away, was no longer angry but sat silen t. c. The calf and the cow

Then only the heifer with its calf remained and the ass and his beehives, 250 in number. 54 Another poor man can1 e to Philaretos to beg, saying, "Servant of God, give me just one calf that I too may get a new start from your blessed gift, for your gift makes chee rful' ', and where it entered into a man 's house your blessed gift multiplied and made it rich." Philaretos took 50 &pp.o:.-r!X is translated by Founny and Leroy with 'chars', which cannot be correct, and by Lemerle, Agrarian History, with 'harness'. It either means 'weapons' or 'annours', see LBG s.v., and Haldon, Recruitment and Conscripti on, 68, note J21. Cf. also &log a, ed. Burgm ann, line 722 -rO Lrrn:&pwv cdr
area. For Mouselios, or Mousoulios, as an : , tion des ArmCniens," 46, Winkelmann, Que/L Armenian name, see Brousselle, "L'intigraenstudien, 205, and Ludwig, Sondetfonnen, 94, note 47; she does not discuss the textual diffic ulty. 52 For rre:Aci~o11-o:~ de; "t".:i ~Evo: cf. Acta Joann is ed. Zahn, 38,10-ll olx.ov xo:.-aAmWv ne_A&:~o11-a~ ...d.c;; &AAoSo:rn)v y-tjv. _sJAs Ludwig, Sondetformen 93, observes, this episode is also reminiscent of VEustrat, ch. 13, see ed. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, 377, 3-9. 54 I under stand !J-e:ALcr(no: as an adjective attribute to /3out"[O'., a rather general term like Do. It indicates that the beehives had the form of a frustum, like the cap in which St Spyriappears. Note that the beehives have not been mentioned before. 2Co.9:7.

76 255

260

265

270

275

28o

285

290

G 6il6v. x.ocpfic,. '0 ili: il'ljcrocc, ocO-ro &:yocf.A6[Levoc, inopeue-ro -r'ljv .Oocu-ro crx1Jvljc, 'H ili: [L'lj-r1Jp -raG [Locrxocpiou ~xet nocp<X -r'ljv Mpocv -rljc, v xed -r:Ov yE:pov-ra. ~oWcra cpwvjj (.Ley&./.:rh Wa-rs e:L; olx-rov cpEpe:t OOC[LaAwC, OteM&rj Tljc, ~o-ljv 'Axoucroccroc oi: 1j GU[L~toc, oco-rou -r-ljv xoct &rjt.a~etv. -rsxdv ,,x crnf.ayxvoc whljc, ~c, nm<tpoc[liv1) -raG -l}AE:7jcr<X<;, Elnev SE: rtpOc; -rOv &v8prt. aV-o)<;· "NaL, 't"0: -r€xva: emu oUx &vocrxou x&v -r-ljv M[LocAtV cr-reva~oucrocv nwc, oO crnt.ocyxvl~n; Dwc, oi: cr&oct 1:0CU1:1)V xwpicroct -raG tiliou Texvou; 1:0 ili; oooi: t[Li: exetc, 'f'Etcroc -r'{j cra-ro 'ljcrrt& &.v"J)p liE: ~o v." xwpt.cr&fjva.L crou 1) 1:Wv l.Of.wv -rExvw aU fJ YJv.Ev" "EUAoy · e:17tev yuvo:.t.x1 a:lrcoU xo:1 e:UA6yY)cre:v aU-r'lrv xo:1 y
77 the calf and gave it to the poor man with joy. The man tied it and went his way, rejoicing. But the mother of the calf came to the door of the cattle shed, crying with a loud voice that even aroused the pity of the old man. When his wife heard the heifer crying her heart soften ed, since she knew what it means to give birth and to suckle. She said to her husband, "Even if you have surely taken no pity on your children, why don't you at least have pity on the heifer when it laments? How did you dare to separate it from its own offspring? Evidently, you will not even hesitate to separate me from you or from my own children." The man embraced his wife, blessed her and said, "Blessed be you by the Lord, because you rightly said this to me! I am truly merciless and pitiless, since I severed the calf from its mother. For this God will also be grieved with me." And he began to run after the poor man and cry with a loud voice, "Man, return the calf, for its mother is crying at the door of my house!" The poor man turne d back with the calf, thinking that the old man no doubt repented so great a gift. When the mother saw her offspring, she ran to meet it, greeted it affectionately56 and began to give it suck. The God-fearing woman rejoic ed greatly. Philaretos said to the poor man, "Brother, since my wife says that I committed a sin when I separated the calf from its mother, take its moth er too and go your way, and the Lord shall bless you and make it multiply in your house as He once multiplied my herd." Which also came to pass, for so many cattle did the poor man receive from this blessed gift and so rich did he become, that his herd became even greater than the herd of the old man had been. But the woman blamed herself and said, "This served me right! If I had remained silent, I would not also have deprived my childr en of the mother of the calf." d. The donkey Then only the ass remained and the beehives 57 • There was famine, and as the man did not know how to feed his children, he took his donkey and went into a far coun try" and borrowed six bushels of grain, which he put on the donkey and carried home. At the same time as he unloa ded the animal, a poor man appeared asking for one handful of grain. The merciful man said to his wife, who was sifting the grain together with her maid, "Woman, give Opo:y1-n]v scnps1: a. !J.LiiS Opa.:yv-'ijc:;: G !J.~IX Spci.xa cr. X f.!.Ltx Spo:y[.L~ a. Y ~-tLo:v Spci.xo: a. V II 290 crtv!.ct~oucra.v V: crt.v!.&~oucro: G Joe. om. XY II 56 57

Lit 'embraced'. One would perhaps expect something like "nuzzled

Cf. supra, note 54.

58 -For

it".

de:; Xf~ptXv [J.axpcY:v cf. Luke 15: 13 par. The phrase "he took his donkey" indicates that ''far country" should not be taken literally, although it must have been farther away than his. estates.

78 crUv 1"7} rco:tSL xat SUo p.68r..a." E1ne:v 300 OS 6 yi:pwv· "EuAOY1Jf'.I:V"t) cru -r<;i xupL'I'." Koct fi.S'tp-/jcrw; fi.OOCGC ouo '' "'E yw' eav -:: ' ~ e:tnev· t:" Y ' e "' we; eH oe r ~ ~ o:: cx.u-rcp e:n:ostsoua -rov rr;:r:wxov. oeowx.ev ~p:fjv, 8Wcre:t.v ccU-r4) dxa -rO ~(Lt.Gu 't"oU yo!J-cx:p[ou." Me-rp~cra:<; SE x.a:L -ro ii.A:Ao fi.6ocv Mowxov ocu1:(ii. Koct fi.-1) sxwv 6 n-rwxoc, &yydov [3&./..Aet-v -rOv di-rov, ~ouA6f.Levoc; &rcoSUcra:cr-9-w. 't'O tf.L&.'t't-ov a:U-roU xa:L 305 p.~ Exwv TO 1tWc; O't't- f.LOv6xt--roc; Urr-Y)pxev, 7tept-ecr7tfi-ro !1-~ Zxwv -cO Yj &eocro~-f)c, -r-i)v a7topLocv -roil 7ti:V1J'tOC, -rL ocomp
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293

According to line 483 infra, her name was Eirene. This is the first time the author indicates that Philaretos' children, or at least his son, were married and therefore adult 60 To speak about oneself in the third person, using one's name, as here and infra, line 310f., is not unusual in hagiography, cf. , e.g., MirArtem, mir. 18: the cantor Theodosios, accused of h~vi,ng,st~len clothe,s from a fellow cantor, says, Tt. My~(..;, x.Up(.; @eoMcrw; €:1tijp~v o::U~ -ro::; eyw e:x).etfo:: -rmo-rz.

59

79 one bushel of the grain to the poor man." She said to him, "Give this bushel to me, and one each to your children, and one to my daugh ter-in-law59, and the same to my maid, and if there is anything left, give it to whom it pleases you." He asked, "And what about my share?" She answe red, "You are an angel and not a human being and do not need food, for if you had needed it, you would not have carried the grain you borrowed so many miles only to give it to others." And getting simply furious with him she said, "As far as Theosebo is concerned60 , give him two bushels." The old man said, "Blessed be you by the Lord!" And he measured out two bushels and gave them to the poor man. But she became cross with him, as it were, and said, "If it had been me, I would have given him half of the load." He measured out the third bushel and gave him. As the poor man had no vessel in which to put the grain, he wanted to take off his garment but did not know how, since he had only one tunic, and became worried, being at a loss what to do. When the God-fearing woman noticed the poor man's perplexity and the venerable man's hurry to see him off, she said ironically to her husband, "If it had been me, I would have given him the sack as well." And he did so. But she threw the sieve on the ground, got up and said to her husband, "As far as Theosebo is concerned, give him also the other full sack." And he did so. As the poor man was leaving but was unable to carry all the six bushels he cried to the new Job61 , "My Lord, let the grain stay here while I carry two bushels at a time to my home, for I cannot carry it all at once."62 When the God-fearing woman heard this, she sighed 63 and said to her husband, "Give him also the donkey, lest the man makes his back ache." He blessed her, saddled and loaded the donkey, gave it to the poor man and sent him away gladly. 64 And he began to cite the popular country saying , "A poor man

61 Strictly speaking, Philaretos is a new Job only because he does not Jose his good heart when he becomes poor. Unlike the biblical Job he does not become sick or lose his children or protest against the way he is being treated by God. In the Middle Ages Job had become a model of patient suffering and little else. 62 One bushel of weat weighed between 12 and 13 kg, see Oikonomides, "Title and Income", 203.

63 64

I.e., she gave up.

For this episode and its denouement, cf. ActDavSymGeorg § 13: Retuming from the mill George gave away his flour to two beggars, who received three bushels each. As they were unable to carry it themselves, he gave them his donkey as welL When he came home, the hegoumenos and the brethren rebuked him, but George prayed to God, and soon an unknown man appeared with two beasts of burden, one laden with bread. the other with wine, beans and cheese. Moreover, after four days there arrived a messenger from Smyrna with promises of 500bushels of grain, 100 bushels of beans and 100 gold coins. ·

80 320

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o:.U-rO.::; yup.vO::; .. .i:xe'i: Job 1:21. It is surprising that a saying that mainly derives from the Scriptures should be characterized as E.rnxthpw::; xo::t 0'1}p.onx.6::;, cf. ActDavSymGeorg, 229,18f. d"rte ypo:.qiLx.Ov p.€:v oUSiv,
81 should not worry; I myself came forth naked from my mother's womb, and naked shall I return thither." 65 Then the mother sat hungry with her child ren, having no flour with which to bake bread to feed them, but since she could not stand seeing them starving, she got up and went to the neigh bours, looking for bread to borrow. And having found one loaf she colle cted wild vegetables and brought it to her children. In the evening they ate and went to bed, but they did not invite the old man. He did not become angry but also went to their neighbour's house and ate and went to bed with gratitude. e. The forty bushels of grain When one of the government officials, a frien d of his holding the position of tax collector66, heard that Philaretos had sunk into poverty, he was ashamed on behalf of his old friend and loaded four mules with forty bushels of grain and sent them to Philaretos, tellin g him in writing, "May these serve as nourishment for you and your child ren, and when you have finished them 67 , I shall send you another forty." 68 Receiving the bushels from the muleteer69 he praised God who does not negl ect those who trust in Him. His wife said to him, "Give me my share toge ther with my children70 and as for you take your share and do with it as you like." He answered, "I shall do as you wish." And they received five bush els each71 • He took his share and put it aside, and when there came a begg ar he gave from it, and within two days he had given it all to the poor72 • Whe n it was time for dinner and his wife began to eat together with her children, the old man also appeared with a smile on his face and said, "Children, recei ve a guest!" Not knowing what to do they let him in, and he ate with them . They said to him, "How long will you wait until you take out your hidd en money and buy and eat 67

FornAl)p6w in the sense 'finish, end', cf Malal as, ed. Thurm 118, 37f. 6 8eO; ...E:nA"t)pwcre crou "brought to an end''. DO!ger, BZ35 (1935 ) 196, suggests "wenn du sie gesattigt hast", which, however, does not fit the context. 68 This man is a telling counterpart to the fliends with whom Job discussed the topic of suffering. 69 Usually, a crt "t"o no.:tS:Lo:, since !J.Z't'ti is usually followed by the genitive. 71 This implies that Philaretos' family consisted of eight persons: Philaretos himself, his wife, his son and two daughters, his daughter-in and two sons-in-law. If this is the meaning of the passage, it follows that both his sons-i-law n-law bride-show one of them is said to be dead. Note,are still alive, although at the time of the however, that in connection with the six bushels that Philaretos borrowed and brought tioned, whereas the maid received one bushel. home himself the sons-in-law were not men72 Instead of cdrroD and OAov one would expect feminine fonns refening to !J..01po:v, as in~ in the first instance (o:UTI')~) and in XV in the second (aU-r'ljv), but the author is evidently thinking of !J..Z:po~ or cr7..To; rather than of v.otpo :. -c~v ~o.:cr~Ado:v

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83 you too instead of coming back and eating the grain you have given to us?" He answered, "Surely I shall take it out shor tly."

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The honey and the mantle Then only the bees were left to him, the 250 beehives, quite thriving and working at their produce. When a beggar cam e to him, as he had nothing to give him, he took the poor man and went to the apiary, opened the beehive and gathered from it until he had filled the stomach of the poor man, eating also himself with him. Doing this time and time again 73 he finished these too; only one remained. When his children discovered that he had also deprived them of the nourishment of the hone y, in the evening they went in secret to the beehive and gathered its hone y and consumed it. And they left the beehive there empty, smearing it'4 , lest the old man notice what they had done. Again there came a beggar and the old man took him and went to the apiary, but when he opened the vessel he found it empty. He did not care about this, however, but took off his mantle and gave it the poor man and sent him away. When he returned hom e, his wife, noticing that he had nothing on but his under-shirt75 , said to him, "My lord, where is your mantle? Have you given this to the poor too?" As if amazed he said to his son, "My son, run to the apiary, for I forgot my mantle there!" He ran off, but when he could not find it, he returned and told his mother. She became greatly distressed, thinking that it had sure ly been stolen, and as she could not stand seeing her husband naked 76 , she took out her own tunic 77 , cut out a man 's mantle and gave it to her husband.

4. The bride show a. The arrival of the envoys At this time, when the Christ-loving augu sta Irene reigned 78 with her son the emperor Constantine, the empress was searching the whole land of the Romans from east to west for a girl to be chos en as consort for her son, the emperor. Having in vain searched the who le west, south and north her men 76

I.e., in his underwear.

n Sticharion was a long tunic with sleeves, usual ly refening to the embroidered robe of the higher clergy or government offici

als but here used of a 1ich woman's dress; cf. Kazhdan, 'Women at home", 14. 78 The masculine form of the participle is remarkable , especially as Irene is characterized as augusta. It is true that Irene appears as Etp-Y( v'l) rrwTO<; ~o:crtAe:U:; in her novels (Ohnsorge, "Kaisertum", 286), but in this case we proba bly have to do with the usual careless grammar rather than with protocol, cf. M. Hinterberger in JOB 49 (1999) 406; note that [3V use the correct form. Ludwig, Sondeifonnen, 108 suspe cts that the date formula was added to an alread y existing bride-show story.

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19

85 came to the region of Pontos79 • During their search they came to the merciful man's village, situated in inland Paphlagonia. The name of the village is Amnia, and it belongs to'the jurisdiction of the city of Gangra80 • When the the imperial envoys81 noticed the old man's house, which was old and very large and wholly pleasant, they thought that one of the great men lived in it and commanded their servants and billet-officers to make them lodge there 82 The elders of the village said to the imperial envoys, "No, Sirs, do not go to that house, for even if it looks great and honourable from the outside, it has nothing inside." But the imperial envoys, who thought that they said this by order of the master of the house, lest they take up their quarters there because he was rich and powerful, angrily told their servants, "Just go ahead, let us go to this house." b. Philaretos' hospitality The truly hospitable man and lover of God took his stick and met the imperial envoys outside his house, embraced them with great joy and said, "Welcome, my Lordships, whom God led to their servant's house! What made you do a poor man the honour of coming to his hut?" And he began anxiously to give instructions to his wife, saying, "Woman, make us a good meal, lest we be put to shame before such noble men!" But she answered, ''The way you have run your house you have not left a single hen to me; now you can prepare wild plants and entertain the emperors' men with them!" But the man said to her, "Just make fire, put the great dining-room in order, wipe the old ivorytable, and God will send food for their meal" And she did so. And look, the elders of the village came to the compassionate old man through the side door bringing him rams and lambs and hens and pigeons and choice wine and, in short, all that was needed. And from all this his Constantinople for the final decision, for one does not have the impression that the empress's men went on searching after they had found Maria. To my mind, however, one should not operate with a specific model until such a model has been found, nor should one expect to find complete consistency in a tale of this kind. See also Vinson, "Life of Theodora", 49. 80 This is the first mention of Amnia in the Vita, although Philarctos was called 'AfLvt.6:<1')~ supra, line (94). Feissel, "Contributions," 375f. quotes two epitaphs of the sixth century, according to which the inhabitants of Amnia regarded themselves as Galatians, although, according to VPh, Amnia belonged to Gangra, the capital of Paphlagonia. He further observes that this ambiguity is in accordance with the first lines of the Vita, in which Philaretos is said to have lived in Paphlagonia at the same time as he is said to have been the most noble of the men in Pontos and the Galatian region. 81 The ~o::cr~Anw£, or ~o::cr~A~xoL &v.&pw7toL, as they are usually called, may refer to any highranking officials, see ODB s. v. Basilikoi anthropoi (A. Kazhdan), with further references. 82 Cf. VPmphGaz, ed. Gregoire-Kugener, ch. 63, 6f. 'Ef.L'I)-rGt-reucre\1 Ok -roU-; otxou-; -rW\1 cpuy6v-rw\l O... Ku\lijyw-;.

86 ae -rparcB~Y)<; eU-rpE7tt.O'&e:Lcr1')<; Ev -r4J (.LEy
425

430

435

440

445

xexpucrwfLEV1JV cr-rpoyyuAOE:cOij TIO (139) 'A~pocck[L, &AM xocl -rjj &ewplq; OfLOWc; 0<0-ri;> Onijpxe:v - >)ouv&1J)[Lite;." wv~croc~ oi: -r'l)v GIJ[L~WV ocO-rou, /;~ijAfre npO~ -roU~ &vSpa.~. ';'Hv S€: xa.t a.U-c~ Wpa.Lo:. xa.t xa.A~ -r<;l .stSer.. cr
·o

423 aewplq. 0: atq: BYV loc. om. X

II

427

'A~eaocAwfL

0:

~"fL<}o\v

~V

II

430 ~yticr&qmxv sctipsi: ~Y· de; BV ~p6.cr&rjcrav G-ljp. dr; Y loc. om. X Jl 433 lyy6vw. G: S:yyova ~V II 434 x:a~ e.U~ticr3-w scripsi: x:a~ e.U~ti-rw (sic) G Onwc; eU~YJ'W.L BYV 01tw;; Si:~YJ't"tl.L Vasiliev loc. om. X II 438 xed-rot ...tmtipx.oucrav scripsi: x.a~ o15-rot lv y~pe.L tmtipxov-rer; Gx.a.L-rot €:v yfjp~ oUmxv BYVloc. om. X II 442 S:cr-r;. G: etdv ~VI! 83 Lit. ;clean', cf. VSymSal, ed. Ryden, 159,1 crtALyvta x:o:.3-cr.;pi. ForcrTiacr-rptx.ci. = Tiacr-rptx.ci., see Du Cange, Glossariwns.v. 84 This is a luxury table of mythical proportions, cf. VBaslun fol. l07v, ed. Veselovskij 43,8 where a wonderful table in heaven is described as a -rp&ne~O'. !-Ley£cr-rYJ n~xe.wv -rpttix.ov-ra. The largest table in the so-called Chrysotriklinos in the imperial palace could only accommo-

87 wife prepared the most delicious" dishes, as she had used to do earlier when they were rich. When the table had been laid in the great dining-room the imperial envoys entered, and when they saw that the dining-room was very beautiful and also that the table was of ivory, old, gilded all over, of round form, and so large that it could seat thirty-six men84 , and when they further saw that the food put on it was like that of a king and that the man was venerable and very hands ome- for he was truly not only the very image of Abraham in hospitality but also like him in appearance - they were very pleased with him. When they had sat down at the table, the old man's son, John by name, entered. He was very handsome, for in his stature he was like Saul85 , and he had the hair of Abessalom86 and the beauty of Joseph87 . His other offspring also came in, the sons of his sons, seven in number'", all adorned with beauty. When the imperial envoys saw them they were delighted by their beauty. They said to the merciful old man, "Venerable Father 9, have you got a wife?" He answered, "Yes, gentlem en, I have, and these young boys are my children and grandchildren." They said to him, "May your wife come here too and give us her blessing!" He called his wife, and she came out to the men. She was also handsome and so beautiful in appearance that her equal was not to be found in the whole region of Pontos. Seeing that she, too, was shining all around with such beauty, although she was in her old age, the imperial envoys said to them, "Do you have daughters?" The old man answered, "I have two daught ers, mothers of the boys whom you see." The imperial envoys said, "Surely these boys also have sisters?" The old man answered, "My elder daught er has three daughters90 ." The emperors's men said, "May the girls come out, that we may have a look at them according to the divine command of our great emperors, crowned by God, for they commanded us, their unwort hy date 30 guests, see Oikonomides, Listes 196, note 209. The number thilty-six is reminiscent of DigAkr ed. Jeffreys IV, 710 xT-IJ~-to::-ro:: ;coAAd: &:xLv"f)-r« -rpw.no:i:~, V/o£1 ed. Festugiere XIX, ll-12 yov&x_t.v VOf.tt 14:26.

87

Cf. Gen. 39:6. According to the following, Philaretos had only one son, John. The expressio n "sons of his sons" is therefore inexact. The words "seven in number" are also difficult to combine with the following, according to which John had only four sons, although he had seven children altogether. Nor will it do if we include all Philarctos' grandsons, for they were nine, not seven. It may therefore be that the author is thinking of Job, who had seven sons (Job 1:2). 89 The term xa.A6yepo;: indicates that Philaretos inspires the imperial men with the same respect as a monk, priest, or ascetic. 90 Instead of tcr·n one would expect da!. v as in f5 V. 88

88

450

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455

o{i-r:w~.

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450 x.a.SsuS:TjcrYJTS BX: x.a.SeuS:Tjcrcne DOlger x.a.&euS:Tjcrav't"e~ G x.a.Sl.craTe Y loc. om. V II 454 7t&hv Dolger: mi.Aa' Gom. ~VII 467 3ooxoop,crev PI3V: 3ooxoop,~ev G II 46768 TO tttTpov TO ~acrLALx.Ov G: TO ~acr~At.x.Ov tthpov Y Ti{) ~acrLAt.xi{) 1-'-eTp~ BXV an tthpov ,Q ~amALx.Ov? ll 472 &.7tiJscrav corr. F-L &m:l.YJcrav G ~A.Sov ~V !! leg. ttE: 473 OttoU...Mt.x(/.TjA lin. 481 om. X !! 474 hinc usque ad 'Y7taTLa lin. 486 multo breviores

.a

sunt~V 91

II

For this expression, see Tabachovitz, Studien 11-13. Cf. Genesis 1:6. 93 According to Kazhdan, "Women at Home", 10 "neither archeology nor written texts confirm the existence of a Byzantine gynaeceum -they compel us neither to deny nor to accept its existence." The sources are contradictory. In this case the seclusion of the women may be a 92

89 servants, that no girl in the whole land of the Romans should escape being seen by us." The old man said to the imperial envoys, "Gentlemen, let us eat and drink of what God has given us and be merry[ And then, being tired 91 after a long journey, go to sleep in tranquillity and let God's will be done tomorrow[" And it was so92 . c. Maria qualifies for the competition. Departure for Constantinople When they got up in the morning they asked for the girls again with great zest. But the old man said to them, "Gentlemen, even if we are poor, our daughters never left their chamber. 93 But if you like, my Lordships, go into their chamber and look at them!" The men got up and eagerly went into the chamber, and the old man's daughters met them together with their daughters. And when they saw the mothers and the daughters modestly dressed 94 but radiating beauty more ravishing than the appearance of any other woman, they were amazed, and in their delight they were unable to distinguish the mothers from the daughters because of the equal beauty of their appearance and said to the old man, "Which are your daughters and which are your granddaughters?" He separated them, and at once they measur ed the size of the first with the imperial measure and found that it corresponded to what they were looking for. Comparing with the model portrait95 they found that this also corresponded, and likewise measur ing her foot by the shoe96 they found that it fitted. And with great joy they took them with their mother and the venerable man and their whole househ old and left for Byzantium with joy, altogether thirty persons in number97

d. Presentation of the family These are the names of his children: His son was called John, his elder daughter Hypatia (she was a widow) , and the younger Euanthia. Of the daughters of the widow the first was called Maria, the second Myranthia, the third Euanthia, and their brother was called Petronas. literary device intended to make the tale more intriguing. It certainly fits a bride-show tale very well. Cf. supra, line 421, where the large table in the triclinium is said to have had room for 36 men, as if women did not participate in stately meals. 4 9 E:v x.o::roccr't"oA7) xocr!J-Lr,u: cf. 1 Tim. 2:9. 95 Ao:up«·w v, laureatum, imago laureata, the laurel-wreathed portrait of the emperor or, in this case, of the ideal empress. Kazhdan and Sherry, "Happy Fool". 353 note 7 suggest the unlikely meaning 'waist'. %-r~ocyx.Lov "was usually applied to the emperor's purple shoes" (A. Kazhdan, ODE s.v. Tzangion) and is therefore an appropriate term in this context. VT Unless the imperial envoys are included, this is a round number, since the family as described in the following lines numbers only twenty-four people. The journey may have taken c. eight days, cf. VSymNT, eel. Hausherr I0, I.

90 480

485

490

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495

500

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505

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480 Koof'ou G: KoofLiii ~V II 485 eel corr. F-L: ~ G II 498 llvyo:<epccv (sic G: -o: BYV al. X): add.rrpO:; ~}rauptix.(..OV "C"0v -rWv &v&x-rwv lrr(..O'T~~hov, 0:; &rrav-ca lSwi.x.e(.. 1:cl: 1:0V rraAo:'t'Lou V sim.(3 II 498-500 LS6v't'e:; ...rrp0:; o:U1:Tjv G: t3Wv o:U't'ijv dm:v BYV sim. X I! 500 (30'.0'(..Ai:ctv G: (3ctcr(..AiW:; crU~uyov (3V !! 505 ~ -rei::; scripsi: !J.€: "C"cl::; G re-rO: cum gen. BYV loc. om. X II 506 r-f;'t'"t)p: add. xaL l:'t'aupcixw:; 0 npW1:o:; 1:oU rraAa"C"[ou BYV II 98

Of Philaretos' offspting (3 V mention only the following: his children John, Hypatia and Euanthia; Hypatia's daughters Maria and Myranthia; Euanthia's husband Michael and their daughters Kosmo and Hypatia. From here until the end (3V offer an abbreviated text. 99 If we may believe the words 11-iJ eUp6vn:; supra, line 382, these ten girls were selected after Maria, although one has the impression that Maria and her family went straight to Constantinople, cf. Ludwig, Sondeifonnen 108. It is also remarkable that the girls are said to be brought to the emperor, not to the empress, although this is in line with the fact that after line 377 Irene is rarely mentioned.

91 The name of the first-born son of his younger daughter was Anthis, the second son was called Niketas, the third and fourth were called Petros and Philaretos, the daughters Kosmou and Hypatia, and the name of their father was Michael. The name of the wife of his first-born son John, the daughter-in-law of the merciful old man, was Irene. These are the names of her children: the first was called Bardas, the second Eustathios, the third Niketas, the fourth Philaretos, and her daughters were called Helena, Euphemia and Hypatia. 98 e. Maria and her competitors Other girls were also selected to the number of ten, and they were brought with them to the emperor. 99 The merciful man's grand-daughter made a suggestion and said to them, "Dear sisters, let us make a pact between ourselves of the kind called sisterhood 100 that she who becomes empress shall assist the others." But Gerontianos' daughter, who was very rich and beautiful to look at, answered arrogantly, "I know for ce11ain that I am both richer and nobler and more handsome than you and that the emperor will choose me." But Maria was ashamed and became silent. 101

f

Maria wins the bride show Then arriving in Byzantium the imperial envoys first introduced the daughter of Gerontianos. When the emperor and his mother the empress saw her they said to her, "You are handsome and pretty, but for an emperor you will not do." 102 They provided her with gifts and sent her away. When they looked in turn at the others they were similarly disappointed. Providing them too with gifts they sent them away. Last of all the merciful old man's daughter with her three daughters also came in. 103 When the emperor and his mother saw them they marvelled at their beauty and were delighted by their dress and intelligence and their

100 &.8eA.:poaUv'f),

the result of &Os::A<ponodo:, would nonnally refer to ritual brotherhood, for

which see C. Rapp, "Ritual brotherhood in Byzantium", Traditio 52 (1997) 285-326. The evidence for ritual sisterhood seems to be meagre, see, however, E. Catafygiotu-Topping, "St. Matrona and her friends: sisterhood in Byzantium", in KA@HT/iTPIA. E'isays Presented to Joan Hussey for her 80th Birthday (Athens. 1988) 211-224. 101 Cf. "the cutting remarks from brazen tongues" (tr. Vinson) that Theodora had to suffer on her way to Constantinople for the bride-show on behalf of the emperor Theophilos, see the Life of the Empress Theodora ed. Markopoulos, ch. 3, 29. Cf. also Cinderella's wicked stepsisters in the fairy-tale. 102 For np6c;; ~O'.ot.i\i:av oU nmd:; cf. the Life of the Empress Theodora, cd. Markopoulos 259,6-7 ~V 't"OWU't""lj, 0~0:. Y.O:.~ n:p6::; ytf.!J-OV l}p!J-O~CV ~O'.otk'i. 10 3 I.e., Hypatia with her daughters Maria, Myranthia and Euanthia.

92 dcrx'1fLOV ~'iifL"' w)·ciov. KO
oe

510

515

520

525

530

535

540

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507-8 TL~ijv-o: YV: Tip ooox~v-ovc ~~l'-"'" B TO OUOM[J-OV Wiiv-o: G om. X II 526 !J.<XpyapL-rto.rv GB: !J.<Xpyci:pwv XY !J.<Xpya.pt.-r&Sv V (etiam F-L) !! 529 cruv&e~J.fvou G: cruv-rt.{k!J.fvou DOlger malim cruv-re&fv-ro.:; al. ~V j I 532 !J.Eyav (sic) G: xa.A6v ~V II tr. G: corr. F-L loc, om. ~V II 536 v-tyo:v (sic) G: Joe. om. ~V II 534 7tavTo: ante


cf. Sir. 19:30 ~.J~J.O':t'IX d.v&pul1tou dvct.yyi:.AAzt. -rcl: 1tep~ aU-roU. The patrikios Konstantinakios does not seem to appear in other sources. 106 Vasiliev identified Argouses with king Arechis of Benevento, but as on the one hand Are~ chis was manied and died already in August 787 and, on the other hand, Constantine's and Maria's wedding took place in November 788 (Theophanes, Chronographia, 463,27), it is 104 xa.-racr-roA'fi ... ~'l)!J.o:::

105

93 104

graceful gait . And straightway the first was betrothed to the emperor and the second to one of his great men, a patrikios called Konstantinakios, who was likewise handsome and very beautiful in his looks. 105 As to the third, the king of the Lombards, Argouses by name, sent ambassadors with many gifts to the Emperor Constantine requesting to marry her. This also happened, for the emperor accepted the gifts and the request of Argouses and sent her to him with much raiment and the greatest honours. 106

g. Maria's relatives rewarded by the emperor Then, when the wedding had taken place, the emperor, rejoicing at his marriage, gave orders that all the relatives of his wife with their whole families should be invited so that he could embrace them and present them with gifts. Then at the banquet the emperor embraced them all, and when they had risen from the table, out of regard for his wife's relatives because they were all adorned with beauty, he lavished presents upon each one of them, from the old man to the nursling, landed property, garments, gold and silver and precious works made of precious stones and emerald and jacinth and pearls. He also gave them big houses near the palace, whereupon he sent them off in peace.

5, The feast for the beggars As they carried away their gifts to their homes they forgot to trouble the old man with the money he had once promised them, saying that he held it hidden. But the old man had not forgotten. He gathered them all and said, "Make us a great feast tomorrow, that we in our turn may invite the emperor with the patrikios 107 and the whole senate. And when I return from the palace, I want to find everything ready." Thinking that his son-in-law 108 the emperor had really been invited, they prepared a very great feast. Having passed the night the old man went to the palace, and when he returned home he invited all beggars that he found in the porticoes. He collected men to the number of one hundred, maimed, crippled, lame, mutinow generally assumed that Euant:hia was in fact married to Arechis' son and successor Grimoald, especially as Erchempert (9th cennny), author of a history of the Lombarcls, says that Giimoald married a niece (sic) of the augustus Achivorum called Wantia. If this is true, the wedding must have taken place at least one or two years after Maria was married to Constantine. According to Classen, Karl der Grosse, 33, the year 791 is a likely date for Euanthia's wedding. To this I would add that in 788 Euanthia was probably not yet of marriageable age. It seems strange that Niketas did not know to whom his own cousin was mruTied. But as in the case of the bride~show Niketas is likely to have embellished an event in the history of the family that was less romantic than he would have liked. See also Introduction under "Philaretos and his family". 107 Presumably, by the patrikios the relatives would understand Myranthia's husband, or husband to be, Konstantinakios. Alternatively one might consider r~ading -ro!:c; n:.x-rpLx.i.ou;. !OS To be precise: "grandson-in-law".

94 xcx.L ~ve:yxe:v aU-roUe; e:L; -r:Ov oix.ov o:.U-roU. Ked. eLcrY}A&ev cx.U-rOc; npOO-rov d.c; rljv oLx.i.o:.v cdvcoU. "Ecp"f/ SE: 7tp0c; o:lrcoUc.; · "tO ~acrt.AeUc; x<x:rBAo:~ev &.tJ.o:. -roU rtcx:rptx.i.ou x.o:.L ncicrt)c; -rYjc; cruyx.).:/j-rou, &AA(J. x.aL oUc.; aU npocrzOox.oUf.LEV oU1:e Exo:.AE:cro:p.ev, xed oU't'ot. napey8vov-ro l:v-ra:Uita:." ®pUAAoc; OE: EyBve:'t'o tJ.8y~ x.cx1 rn:ptano:.crf.LOc.; Ev cdrrol:c; Otd:. -rO nAYj&oc; -roU auve:Ait6v-roc; Ev -c0 XA'I)'t"Opl':'. 'Av-YjA&ov o8 ot 7t't"wxoL xcxL &vexAl&'ljcrcxv cxo&c~ E7tL 1:-Yj<; -cparcE:~Yjc;. 0eo:.crcip.e:vot DE: at otxet:ot. o:.trroU -rO ye:yovOc.; 'l}p~o:.v't'o npOc; E:a:u-roUc; (~nB-upL~et. v · "'' Ov-rwc; cix.p:ijv 0 y8pwv -rO &pxll..tov ~-&oc; oUx ine:Aci.-&e-co, d.AA' JOe: 01tou -JfA.&op.e:v, x.&v itEArJ, rc-rwxe:Ucrcu iJtJ-tic; aU SUvo:-ro:.t." E1-ro: cruvo:vo:.x.At&e:Lc; f.LB-rd:. -rWv n-rwxWv 6 y8pwv Ex.BAeucrev -rOv utOv cdrt'oiJ anaB-ci.pwv Ov-ro: xo:t. Erd -roU p.ayAa~i.ou 6!J.oLwc; x.<x1 -roUe; Byyowx~ aU-roU crUv -rep &Oe:Acpep -r'Yj~ ~acrt.ALcrcr1Jc; -rO aU-rO &~lw[J.cx nepc~e~A'I)[J.ivov ncxpcxcr't"cx&-Yjvcxc yv'l)crlw, ov 1:fj 1:pcxni~n xat Unoupy'ljcrat. W~ &A1J&W~ -rep ~acrt.Ad -rWv ~o:.crt.Ae:u6v-rwv, xe:xA1JxW:; &tJ.a -roUt:; &Oe:AqmUt:; aU-roU, cro:.cpW:; -rO UnO -roD xupLou Ae:x&Ev rtA1)pWv 0-rv 'Eq/ Ocrov Bnot."ijcra-re Evt -roU-rwv -rWv &Oe:AcpWv [J.OU 't"WV tAcxxlcr't"WV, Z[J.OL 07t0L+,crcx't"E. (147) m o8 [J.E't"
&vo:.n~pouc;,

545

550

555

560

565

570

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546 Ot.Gt: o~a "t"E. G II 549 Ov"t"oo:; XV DO!ger: oth:w:; G oO"t"oc; BY II 565 [LO:pyO'.pL"t"WV G: fl-O'.pyo:pt."t"Wv corr. DOlger om. ~V II 567-68 ·6]::; "t"pO'.rt€.:~YJ:; scripsi: "t"po:n€.:~YJ:; G I! 570 -rlvav:sicG loc.om.~V II 109 Kazhdan and Sherry, "Happy Fool" 357, compare this episode, in which the social system is turned upside down, with Vlo£1, ed. Festugiere, ch. 1, esp. line 25ff., where the patriarch calls the poor his lords. 110 &vex.).J&rjcro:v: cf. on the one hand cruvo:vo:xAdhL:; and cruvavO'.Xet.p.€.:vot.:; infra, lines 552 and 690, and on the other x.d}i.:~ecr&o:t. and xo:3{cru.vn::; supra, lines 420 and 426. Ac-

95 lated, and brought them to his home. And he entered his house first and said, "The emperor has arrived with the patrikios and the whole senate, but those whom we did not expect nor invite have also appeared." 109 There was great murmur and worry among his relatives because of the multitude that had come together in the dining-hall. The beggars went up to the table and lay down at once. 110 When his relatives saw what happened they whispe red to each other, "Obviously the old man has not yet forgotten his old manner , but where we have come now he cannot reduce us to poverty, even if he

wanted."

Then lying down with the beggars the old man ordered his son, who was spatharios and member of the imperial guard 111 , as well as his grandc hildren, including the empress' brother who had been invested with the same rank 112, to wait heartily at the table and truly serve the King of kings, having at the same time invited His brothers, thereby manifestly fulfillin g the word of the Lord, "As you did it to one of the least of these my brethre n, you did it to me 113" And they served them cheerfully. When they had eaten and drunk and made merry 114, the food basket' 15 was taken out and the old man commanded his son and his grandsons and his whole kindred to put upon the table all the money, in gold as well as in silver, the clothing, every work made of precious stones and pearls, and everything that the emperor had given to them. As if joking with them he said, "Let us see it lying on the table and rejoice!" In a moment all of them had brought everything and displayed it on the table, heaping one thing upon the other, competing with each other to show the old man to which of them the emperor had given most, each boasting, as it were, that he surely loved him more than the others. The old man said to them, "Look, my children, I have given you the hidden money I promised you. 116 Do you have anything to say to me?'' Remembering the words of this holy man they all cording to this story, at court one lay down at table, whereas in the province one sat at table. In any case, as at a banquet in the Trikiinos of the Nineteen Tables, the beggars lay down at the table. 111

In addition to other weapons the members of the imperial guard were anned with fW:yA&;'cudgels' (or rather 'sticks', according to Kolias, Byzaminische Waffen, 179), hence their name ~ayAa(3i-ro:~. According to Oikonomides, Listes, 328, this is the first mention of the term. Instead of p.ayAo:[3Lou one would perhaps expect !Lo:yA0'.(3Lvw, but cf. the so caHed Taktikon Uspenskij (842-3), ibidem, 57, line 21 oL ~o:~. xol. crno:{hXp w~ -roU f.J.O:yAo:~[ou. 1 12 I.e., Maria's brother Petronas. 113 Matt. 25:40. 114 Cf. Luke !2:!9. 5 ll _For the_x~v[cr::r.ov,, ~~· A~ophtl~egmatc~ Patrum, ~G ~5, 42lf\ fio:pE:~,aAb,v ;ro;e I;x'1J; nw-ro:~ -rn C
96 575

580

Myou<; 'tOil &ylou &vopo<; exdvou ea&xpuaow Jtpove<; OV't"B<; 1:'ij &q:>pO<JUV7J -/j[LWV CfUV()(Jt()(YO[LEVOC 1tpoaexpoUO[LEV 1:jj ajj -roU 't't.tJ.LO't''t)'tL.• 'AAA(J. cruyxWp"t)aov ~{1-'tv, rt&:rep, -fjf.L&p't'of.Lev ZvWrttov E1tt v rtpOcrwrto &1tt Jtciv't'e<; &eoU xcx.t ivOOrct.Ov crou." Kat n;eaOv't'ec; or.. al:-coUf.Lev 't'-Yjc; yY}c; rtpocre7tTUacrov-ro 't'o1c; &yLov; 1too-!.v a.U-roD auyyVW[L'/)V. auyxwp-lja"'<; who1:<; 6 yepwv ""'" eJteu~oOp()(. '0 oi: ~()(CfCAEU<; 1t()(petXEV 'tOil ciylou yepoV't"O<; x.p~f.L!X't"CX rr;oAAOC, xcxt oL f.LEyr..cr-rCive~ Cl0't'oU, yv6v't'E~ -r~v ZAB'/)[LOCfUV'/)V whoil. '0 oi: yepwv ep6yeue 't"()(il't"()( 't"OC<; 1t't"WXOC<; &oc()(AE[Jt't"(i)<;. Oihw<; oi: ~v 1:0 e&o<; 'tOil yepovt"o<;· BV()( 1tO't"i: VO[LCCf[L()( 1\ &pyupcov 1\ VOU[LCV oux eOUV()('t"O OCOOV()(C 1t't"WX0, &n' eye[LC~E ~()(Aci.Vt"COV xpualou , ""'" <XAAO &pyuplou ""'' B't"Bpov ~A' ' t'OU , A O''t"t.<X.pt.O y UX!XCJ''t'O~ <; Cl.U' ' , X<X.t.''B' !XU''t'C'X 0( rtpW't"Oi""E E, !XCJ''t"!XsEV VOUf.Lt.WV

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578 auvanay6{.Levot. BXV: auven- G II 593 -co:.Ci't"o:. ...E.pyo:. G: i)youv 't"cl. -roU )3o:.at.Aiwc; B s,~s,s;;; 36p.~<~ BYV loc. om. X II 595 8co:8l8"' P: s,~s,s"' G 8co:8l8"'1'-' XY loc. om. F-L II 597 xrucrlov G: x,ouolou BY om. V loc. om. X II 597 Akpe<;: sic G II 602 1tii
97 wept and said, "In truth, Sir, you know all this yourself. Being just you have justly shown mercy, whereas we, being foolish, have been carried away by our foolishness and been angry with Your Honour. 117 But forgive us, father, we have sinned before God and before you." And falling to the floor 118 on their faces they all embraced his holy feet, asking his forgiveness.''9

Then the old man forgave them, gave them his blessing and made them stand up from the floor. He said to them, "My children, you know that through His holy Gospel God promised that everyone who forsakes his father or mother or lands will receive a hundredfold 120 • Look, he has fulfilled the hundredfold; if you also want to inherit eternal life, set apart ten gold coins each and let us give it to those who are reclining with me at the table." And they all gave willingly as they had been told. Again the old man said to them, "If you want to buy my share of these imperial precious works 121 everyone of you should pay the right price for every item and take it. If you don't want to, I shall distribute it among the poor." But they all paid the old man their price in gold with eagerness and great joy, paying twenty-eight pounds of gold in all. The beggars took it, marvelling at the man's generosity and praising God who never forgets his poor until the endY2 6. How Philaretos gave money to the beggars This became known to the emperor and his great men and the whole senate and all the Byzantines 123 , and they admired the man much. The emperor provided the holy old man with much money and so did the great men, since they knew his mercifulness. And the old man constantly distributed it among the poor. He used to do like this: he could never give one gold or silver or copper coin to a beggar but filled one purse with gold, another with silver and a third with copper coins 124, and his wholly faithful pro117 .fcppov~.; (hrre,; ...1tpocrexpoUo!J.eV. These words may imply that, earlier, they had regarded Philaretos as a fool, although this opinion was never expressed openly. Now, however, they understand that the opposite was true. 118 Since they are in a dining-room, one expects a word meaning 'floor' rather than ground. 119 Note that Theosebo never asks forgiveness. 12 °Cf. Matt. 19:29 par. Cf. supra, lines 170--3. 121 r.toi:po:v .. :ro:.U-ro: -cO:. (3occrLAtxO:. epy«: this use of the ace. for the partitive genitive is striking but not unparalleled in hagiography of the ninth and tenth century. 122 For the idea that you should sell your possessions and give to the poor, see Luke 12:33. Cf. also Matt. 19:21 Et 3-SAs:L<; "t"SAsw<; slvac.., Un11.ys nWA""t)cr6v crov "t"
98 610

615

7tto"r0-; n:&:vu Ev -r:iiJ x.6An~ o::trroiJ xat 'lp<.oAoU&e:r. aln:ii5. -:rHcrClV SE: -r<X ~o:Aciv't"c..c<. -r:jj t.SE~ 0(-Lota xo:i t.cr&pdtp.a, x.al. 6-re: E~-lrr1JO"EV 7t-r:wx6c;, €:~1)-re:t -rO ~aA&:v-r:r.ov, -r:O SE: not:ov oUx Wv6p.a~e:v, d p:f) E:n:Lcr-r:e:ue:v Z.v -rc'i) &e:{p O·n. "Oiov x.e:Ae:Uet. 0 &e:6r;, E:x.e1v6 (J-Ot. ZxEt &no:vSoUvo:v aU-rOc; ytXp yr..vWaxeL 7t&.v-rwv 1:'0: E:yx.&:pSt.a x.o:i Excicr-rou 1:-ljv ne:vLocv, x.at x.a&' 0 &.v -rt.r; xpe:Lav Exer.., oU-rwc; x.cxl. rcapExe:t. <X.tvc0, El; E(.Lau-roU E7tt.cr-r:cip.evoc; 0 yEpwv O.n. noAAol. xod. nAoUcnot. n-cwxeUov't'ec; -role; p.E:v E:cr&Yj-ra nept.~E:~Aijv-roct. Sr..<X -ci)v r:X.pxatC(v e:UyE:ve:c.ccv, 't'oic; S€: ~pwp.ci::rwv p.-lj Exov-rec; &7toAcx:Ucrou. " ' ~ ' - e:-repwv , ileer..c; n-r:wxot.' e:.xov-rEc; yt.vov-r:w.. E't.crr..' il'e: x.o::t' cp1Xt.VOfJ.EVOt. ev XP-!JfLct'tct ev 'to'i:<; tillocc; otxocc;, 'to ili: 't-ljc; &pza:lctc; rcevlctc; if&oc; fL~ i:nt.Aav&o::v6fLEVOt. nept.~e:~·k!jt.J-8Vot. p&:x.Yj &nO x.on:pLw; O'UV1JY(.LB:va rcpo<JctC'teL<; ylvoV'tctC, <JUAAEYOV'tO<; XP-!JfLct'tct orcop Xctt rc"Aeovo~lct 't'oi}ro Ovo(.Lci.~e-rat. xat eiSwAoAa-rpda · rtav y<Xp 't'O rtepr..crcrOv -r-1)<; zpelctc; rc"Aoove~lct xctl dilw"AoAct'tpdct Mye'tctc. Oux de; rcd.V'tct<; (.l. >I;, ';,;, ' ' (\ I napa\ 't'OU r.. t.ov (.LE'tpov o E/\at-"e:v exacr-roc;: x.a"C'a -co "il a/\1\ avvpwrtouc;, &e:oU, 't'oiJ-ro x.at &rtat.'t'l).&l]cre't'ar..." TaiJ't'a x.a't'O: voUv Exwv 0 &yr..oc; yBpwv E:.v T7l x.pLcret. 't'oiJ .&eoiJ E~aAe: T'ljv xet.pa aU't'oiJ E:v 't'0 ~a/..av't'Lc:p, x.&v 't'E 't'OiJ xpucrLou x&v -re -coiJ &pyupLou x&.v 't'E 't'oiJ xaAxoiJ, oiov 0 .&eOc;: E:.x.BAeue:, 't'OiJ't'o x.at. E:.xpci.-ret.. "EAeyev SE: xat ctU'tO<; fLO&' opxou (151) O'tV "no"AMxcc; dilov &v&pwrcov <popoUV'tct E(.Lci:na xaA?A x.at. E:.x&Aacra 't'~\1 xet.pci. (.LOU E:v 't'(i) ~aAav't'Lc:p We; ~ouA6(.Levoc;: xpaT'ljcrat. €:v xat SoiJvat. aU't'(i), Ckr.. rt&v-cwc;: x.a't'?A T'ljv cr't'oA'l-jv aUToiJ oUx. E:.cr't'r.. 1t't'wx6c;:, x.at. tL-1J &EAov't'6c;: (.LOU -f)rrAW&fJ ij xdp (.LOU xat &vljve:yxa 1toAA?A x.at 80wxa aUT~. (0(-LoLwc; SE: elOov /hepov <popoUV'tct p
620

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125 The title protovestiarios usually refers to the eunuch responsible for the emperor's personal wardrobe (~e::crn6.pwv ), see Oikonomides, Listes, 305, but a private protovestiarios (in the service of a Oo[Licrnx.oc;; -r&iv Lxa.v6.Twv and a stratelates, respectively) is also mentioned in the Chronicle of Georgios Monachos 847 and in the highly legendary VNiph, ed. Rystenko, 5,25. In ~V he is just called 'servant', whereas in a similar context in VloEl, ed. Festugiere, ch. 7' he is called s~.:x.06-r'l)c;; 'distributor'. for the role of whom see the editor's note 540f.; cf.

99 tovestiarios Lykastos carried them in the fold of his garment and followed him. 125 The purses had the same form and contained the same number of coins 126 When a beggar asked for alms, he asked for the purse but did not mention which one since, believing in God, he was convinced that "the one God wants me to have, he will give me, for He knows the heartfelt wishes of all men and the need of everybody, and He grants according to everyone's needs, for, old man that I am, I know from my own experience that many rich men who have become impoverished on the one hand remain properly dressed 127 because of their original nobility, on the other are unable to provide themselves with food and therefore become dependent on others. 128 There are also the seeming poor who have money at home but fail to forget the custom of their old poverty and therefore dress themselves in rags gathered from a rubbish heap and become beggars collecting money, which is called covetousness and idolatry, for everything that goes beyond one's needs is called covetousness and idolatry 129 This does notrefer to all men, but each one will be asked to return what he has received from God according to his own measure." With this in mind the holy old man, trusting in the judgment of God, put his hand in the purse and picked up what God decided, no matter whether it was of gold or silver or copper. He himself said with an oath, "Often when I saw a man in beautiful garments I let down my hand into the purse intending to take one coin and give him, thinking that, judging from his dress, he was surely not a beggar, and against my will my hand opened and I picked up many and gave him. In the same way, seeing another in old rags, I opened my hand to give him many coins but carne up with only a few.'' 130 also that according to PratSpir, PG 87,3: 2976 A-B, John Moschos used to carry Sophronios' money; also VManini ch. 8 xai 0 Otci.x.ovos ~xoAoU&e~ -rei: rr:pOc; -c-ijv xpd~Xv -rWv 7r.TwxWv bnXO!J-~~6~e:voc;, and ch. 9 0 Si SLci.xovoc; i:'Z't'pO'..xOcrLouc; xpucrLvouc; E:f)ci.cr-ro:.~ev eLc; A6yov -rWv Oeo[-1-Bvwv. In VPh the term may be used to emphasize Philaretos' favoured position at the court. 12 6 Lit.: 'were equal in number'. 127 I understand ecr&l)c; as a more or less formal dress in contrast to p&.x1J 'rags' infra, line 635. 128 For the ungrammatical dative -rot:c; t-tiv ... co'ic; Si: cf., iflfer alia, Life of Andrew the Fool eel. RydCn, line 2065f. oUt"w.; ~pv"l}crw x6crfLOV xo:i t"ot:.; £;,, x6crf1.4J and VNikMedik, AASS April I (1866) XVIII-XXVII, ch. 15 Kcnac;>pO'J"I}crwfl.e'.l x6crfLOU xed. t"ot.; Sv t"~ x6crf1.4J· 129 Cf. CoL 3:5. 130 This passage may be compared with Vlo£1, ed. Festugiere, ch. 7, in which a man dresses himself in old cloths in order to put Saint John's generosity to the test. He approaches him three times in different guises. The first time he receives six gold coins, the second time another six gold coins, although it is clear that he is the same man, but the third time John says to his O"o:06DJ.;: "Give him twelve gold coins, maybe it is my Christ who is testing me." Note that in his rural milieu Philaretos only gave away property, wherea<> in Constantinople he gives away money.

100

h1) 't"i:crcrocpoc [L~ xoc't"ocSc~ci.[LE:VO~ Xt't"WVOC "1JPCXOV <popi:crocc, [L~'t"E: xpucrov 1topc 't"~V OU'f'UV n~pr.~Waa.a.ftat.~ fJ.'t)"t'E: t.A&:pe-roc; 0 'Ap.vt.ci't"Yj<; - -rcl: SE: -rB:crcrapa E-r"fj tAE:1)[LOVW<; xocc mcr1:hl<; ~>]croc<; i:v 1:<;i nocAoc't"i
540

545

i50

555

i60

637-38 xvr&iva.... cpopi:ao::~ scripsi: cpopi:cro::t. cr'f)pt.x(n, (Ol'Jp~xoUv XYV) xvrillvo:: ~V xvr:Wvo:c, cr~pt.xocpopi:cro::t. G ll 642 &.pxe-r6v BV: &pxecrawv G &pxet: y loc. om. X II 644 &.vex6!JZVOC, scripsi: &vecrx6~J.evo; Gijvkcrxe-ro BXV ij.&eAev Y II 647-48 -reAeu-r'l)c,···&rtoxo::Mtfe~ G: -r. o::D-roU tOetv -c-ljv &nox&:Autft.v V sim. ~ malim tOLa;; o:.D-coiJ -ceAw wew, II 651 'PoSo'f'uhov (sic) G· 'PoSo'f'UAAlou BYV toe. om. X II 651 no::p~fvot. con·. F-L: no:.p.&E:vo:.t. Gal. ~V II 653 A&:pva;xo:. xo:.t.v6v X: A. xo:.t.v'l)v Y Aa;pv&:xtov xo:.t.v6v B A. xevOv GA. xevYrv V II 656 xo:.-co:.'t'e&yj BXV: xo:.-ro:.ai:'t'e Gxa;-rw OC{kre corr. F-L xo:.-ceAaetv Y II 657 x&v 't'otmp scripsi: xat -roiJ-co G loc. om. bV II 660 &.neA.&Wv: hinc usque ad lin. 731 lacunam habet B II 131 To judge from what was said above, this does not mean that Philaretos actually lived in the palace, only that he spent his days there. 132 See Oikonomides, «Contents", 210: "Particularly expensive (and always mentioned sepaw rately) were belts, some of which were decorated with gold and precious stones. Belts were signs of rank and authority ..." 133 This may be a euphemism, namely if the empress Irene herself saw to it that neither Philaretos nor his son and grandson obtained high positions. She certainly did not wish to help Constantine VI to create his own sphere of influence. As is well known, by this time consul had

101 7. Philaretos buys himself a tomb Having spent four years in the palace, 131 refus ing to put on a silken shirt or wear gold around his waist 132 or accept a high position from the emperor except for the consulate, 133 and this only after much pressure and insistence had been brought to bear on him both by the emperor and by his great men - for he said to the emperor, "It is enough for me to be called the emperor's grandfather;" 134 the man had such hum bleness that he could not stand hearing himself being called by another name than his old one, Philaretos from Antnia - , having as I said 135 spen t four years in the palace in mercy and faith, teaching his children to do the same, he was even granted a revelation of his own demise. One day whil e his body was still sound he took his protovestiarios and went up privately to the monastery called Eis ten Krisin (some also call it Rhodophyllion, and holy virgins live there), 136 asking the abbess for a tomb. Giving her a cons iderable sum of money he received from the abbess a new 137 sarcophagus, con11ding to her, "Ten days from now I shall depart from this life and go to the blissful and better world and I want my wretched body to be laid 138 in this tomb", also in this imitating the noble Abraham139, for while he lived he too bought his tomb from Emos the Chettite for a sum of silver 140 And he ordered his protovestiarios that he should tell no one of what had been said. After he had returned home and distributed all that was left of his possessions among the poor,

become an honorary title of rather slight presti ge, see Oikonomides, listes, 296. I have not found the form Uno:1:£xr.v for Uno::·nxOv &.~[w!J.o: in the lexica. 134 Strictly speaking, Philaretos was the father of the emperor's mother-in-law. The~ therefore writes "grandfather of the augusta". Note that the version edited by Vasiliev, 79,10 -ll, writes Ep.ot yO:p &:pxei !J-6Vov -rO xo:l.et:a-&o-.r. ~amM:w; no:-ckpo:, which corresponds to the title ~o::crr..Ae:on~;h·wp, created by Leo VI for his father-in-law Stylianos Zaoutzes. 135 The words "as I said" renders the -r
102

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rcepc -roil ~ClcrLASW<; TOU Y"'!J.~pou ClUTOU etp'f)X8V No!J.L<;ov-re<; ili: d7tov npOc; a:lrr6v · "Ka.t 1tW<; SUva:act.t., 1tci:n:p, &.ne:Aite:tv -ri) v6crcp '" Q. 'i.C\' "E'' ' ' ~' rcpoc; . 1--'a:cr-rcx.sa:t ' t.crtv at.t EtvuOV't'E<; au-roue;· 670 Bo:pou(.LEVoc r..t:n:ev oe ;; ,1:'1' iJ-8 !J.8Ta &povou xpucrou, OC 1tctpi:crT'f)GClV tX 08~LWV !J.OU !J.8Ta (\Q~'f)<; 1toAA1)c; x.at aU ~Abte't'e vtUToUc;." Ot SE: cruv[.€:V't'e.:; -cO ;)Yjp.a: ~p~o:v't'o &p~vov !J.Syctv crcp6ilpct 11:0L8CV, w<; 7COT8 TOV 'Ictxw~ ""' tilLct -ri:xvct, 0 SS x.o::raadao:.c; aU'toUc; T'fl xet.pt Bx.i:Aeucre: m. w1t~v rtapBxe:.t v. 675 ~tf»7t'IJO'civ't'wv SE: C(lJ't'Wv ei1tev 7tp0c; ct.U"!."'oUc;· ''OtSa.'t'e, 't'ix.vo: fLOU, -r~v B[.Li}V &vo:cr-rpocp'ljv -rO nW~ €:x. ve6'tl)'t6~ j-tOU €:n6&t)cra 't'Yjv 't: ' ~ ' VI)\1. 'Et'~ Ot.X.S:t.OU ~, 7t0VOU 1U.OU 't'Cl.U'ti)V 1tpel.'t''t'W X.Cl.t. OUXt. S:~ S:/\S:I)!LOO"U &:pn:ay-1)~, E:v vi.j) Bxwv 1:'0 yeypct!-1!1-Bvov O't'v <0 itUwv utOv Bvctv't't. n:a't'pO~ aU-roU, olhw~ 6 n:pomiywv ituaLa~ E:x. XP'I!Lci.'twv nev~'t'WV. 680 OtSa.'t'e SB 't't.ve~ €:~ U11-Wv xa.t -rOv np6'tepov ~11-Wv -rOv cticrih)'t'Ov xctL 't'Yjv &::x. iteoU E:neAitoUactv ~!1-iV TCeVLctv n:pO~ n:AoU-rov, otSa.'t'e SE: Xt'X~ 't'Ov 7to:.p6v-rct n:AoiJ't'OV. M-1} dSe-r.S poi otSa-re xpOvov, OALyov -r~<; i:/.e'fJIJ.O)crecr&E. M-i) .1/.e>)cr'f)TE -rov o:tcr&tj-rOv nAoU't'ov UtJ.Wv, &AArl OLOo1:e 1:oU1:ov -rot:~ nBVI)O't. :x.ctL ni{-Ln:e't'i tJ.Ot. aU-rOv d~ -r:Ov x6cr{-LoV E:v ([> iyW nope::Uop..a.t., xo:L E:yW 690 U!Lfi~ q;uAci.C:w ctU't'Ov &aljn-rov, x.o:L O'te BAite-re xctL Up.et:~, eUpLa:x.e-re I

I

1

I

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I

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se

669 n:W:; XYV: dw.; G II 674 atrroU.; (x.ct:t\X
(JL

II

yflv) XYV:

141 Presumably, the words n:&no: eel x.o:.co:.AE=L
103 his garments and whatever he had, 141 his body began to ail and he lay down on his bed and was ill. 8. Philaretos' farewell speech Nine days passed and on the tenth he gave orders that his whole kindred should be gathered. When they had assembled, he told them, "My children, know that the King has summoned me and that I am leaving you and going away." 142 Thinking that he was speaking of his grandson-in-law 143 the emperor they said to him, "Father, how can you go away when you are afflicted with illness?" He answered them, "Men have come to carry me away on a golden throne, standing on my right-hand side in great glory although you cannot see them." 144 Understanding what he was saying they began to weep bitterly, as once Jacob's sons had wept over Jacob, 145 but he motioned to them with his hand ordering them to be quiet. When they had become silent he said to them, "My children, you know my way of life, how I have loved mercy since I was young. I practise this with the fruit of my own work and not with stolen goods, remembering that it has been written, 'Like one who kills a son before his father's eyes, so is he who offers sacrifices from the property of the poor' 146 • Some of you know the material wealth we enjoyed earlier, you also know the poverty that came upon us for a while with God's permission, and you also know our present prosperity: did you ever see me changing my customary mercy? Did you ever see me treating anybody arrogantly? Did you ever see me robbing anybody of anything? And in short, lest I enumerate every detail, look, I command you: do as you have seen me doing, 147 and if you do more, you will appear even more blessed. Do not spare your material wealth but give it to the poor and send it to me in the world where I am going, for I shall keep it incorruptible for you, and when you also arrive, you will recover it. 148 And do not leave it here, lest others shall live in luxury on your goods 149 • Do onstrated, this fonnula derives from the ritual of the imperial funeral as described in De cer., ed. Vogt, II, 84. Cf. alsoActDavSymGeorg 257, 20f.: one night an angel appeared to George telling him of his approaching death with the words, KO'.Ae'i cre ~o:.cr~Ad;;:. See also ibidem,

258,17. 143

Lit. 'son-in-law'. I.e. the angels who carry off a righteous person's soul when he dies. 145 Cf. Gen. 50: I. 146 Sir. 34:20. 147 ForotO«-re, cf. supra, line 199 eLOW.; = LS:Wv. 148 For parallels, see Introduction under "Was Philaretos a happy fool?". 149 &v 'to1;;: &yo:.-l1ol:; ... e-repo~: cf. Sir. 14:4. V adds the words Ecr·d. rto/J.,ci:x.~~, x.cd. oi~ oU &iAHe, -roU-rov Eii-re (sim. XY), which are reminiscent of VAnt, ed . Bartel ink, ch . 17,5, the Life of Andrew the Fool ed. Ryden, line 2056f. and several other passages in hagiographical texts. Cf. also Ps. 38:7 &tjcr«up~~e~ x.o:t oU ywWax.e~ -rEvt auv&:~et o:U-r.± . 144

104

695

w.h·Ov. Ka.~ p.~ ~&.O''l)'t'E G(l}tOv .iv't'e:iJ.Se:v, Lwx p:ij iv -cot:~ &yrdfoU; UfLWV •puqn]croucnv hepov oox ocOcx.'t"E 't"O yeyp"-fLfLevov tv •'ii LocpLq: -coU .&e:oU O't'v l:1teUSe:r.. 7tAou-ret:v ~&:cnw.voc; &v-f)p :x.a1 oUx oiSev Ckr.. EAe"t)p.wv xpcx-r-ljcret. aU-rrk; lnoOe:Lxvup.t. 88: U!Ltv 7tt.cr-roUc; &rroxpwccx.plou~, oil~ iixe•e mcr't"eu<:cv d; XP~fL"-'"- &rrep ~oukcr1te rrporre[Lrrecv fLOC txec1tev, tvcx. fLTJ ooAceuov•cx.c UfL&~ •l rro't"<: XO[Ll~OV't"E<; 't"CX.U't"CX. d.; 't"OV &crcpcx.A1j xcx.l amJA1)'t"OV 1t'l)crcx.upov. BMrr:Aoucrlwv - OUO"XOAW<; 1tE't"E fLTJ &vexecr1te 't"cx.ihcx. 1tefL1tECV fLOC -roU .th:oU, xoc-rO:. -cO ~acrr..Ae:Lav 't'Yjv de; . e:Lai:pxov-rat yrip o3-ror., 1tEV~'t"WV, "E<; rrpo1tefL1tOV't Y"YP"-fLfLeVOV - aAAOc 1:CX.ihcx. xcx.l 't"WV
oca

700

705

oca

oca

oc&

oca

't'OU't'ot~.''

710

715

no

llcx.ucr&[LoVO<; 0~ 1"-ij<; ococx.x1j.; xcx.L 01toU~a[J.EVO<; xcx.L EOAoy~crcx.<; ' '(.< 'I rl.X.WtJ (\' ' t'O-U, X.Cl.i7W0'7tep ~' ' UtOV ' '; , SXS/\SUO'E ' 7t0't'E: 't'OV OCU' 't'OV OCU't'OU~ 'lwcr~
105

you uot kuow what is written in the Wisdom of God, 'A grudging man makes haste to be rich, and knows not that a merciful man will take hold of it' ? 150 I shall show you trustworthy conveyers, to whom you can entrust the riches that you want to send me there in advance, lest they embezzle something while bringing it to the safe and inviolable treasury. See that you do uot let them be conveyed by the rich -for hard it will be for them to enter the kingdom of God, as it is written 151 -but let them be conveyed by the poor, by widows and orphans, by strangers, by those in prison and those like them, for they, be they sinners or righteous, will easily enter Paradise and bring your money safely to the emperors. 152 The sinners will take them from this world and hand them over to Abraham and withdraw, as they are unworthy to live together with him, but Abraham will keep record of them. And the righteous shall bring them until the giver also departs and recovers them multiplied ten thousandfold together with them." 9. Philaretos predicts the future of his son John's children, and dies When he had finished his teaching, prayed for them and given them his blessings, he commanded his son, as Jacob once commanded Joseph, to bring him his sons, that he might bless them 153 And he brought them. And he brought his first-born Bardas, and he blessed him that the Lord God might raise up seed to him 154 for many years for the preservation of his family. Which also happened, for he alone lived in wedlock and became father of seven children, whereupon he died. And he brought him his second son Eustathios, and grasping his right hand he said to him, "Child, your life on earth is short, for you will die in your youth. Therefore, do not be concerned about earthly things but distribute your whole share in the inheritance 155 among the poor, that you may have a treasure in the heavens, for you will not live more than twenty-four

150 Cf. Prov. 28:22, where, however, the object of x.pcx-cijcret is not «UT&. but a.lrroU, so that the meaning is, "a merciful man will have the mastery over him". For Sophia as title of Proverbs see Lampe s.v. aocpLa C.5. 151 Cf. Mark 10:23. 152 For other examples of this idea, see Introduction under "\Vas Philaretos a happy fool?" 153 Cf. Gen. 48:9. 154 Cf. Gen. 38:8. For 17J~rroi3 = o:.U't'c!} cf. supra, line 116. 155 Evidently, &~zAcpLxi stands for &Se:Acptx.'l) !J.epL:;, for which see Talbot, ed., Holy Women 281, note 129 (A E. Laiou). In this case it refers to the seventh part of the whole inheritance after Eusthatios' father John. Since Eustathios was older than Niketas, who was born in 785, and is predicted to live 24 years, he seems to have died in 807, at the latest. His father John, Philaretos' son, is therefore likely to have died and his children become his heirs a few years earlier.

106 725

-rij~ tfux1J~ crou." "One:p xcxL y€yovev Bn' o:.lrn[) -ri;} 7to:.t.SC
'ptcr[J-SVOV opov Oteowxev "' XP"l\[1-0<'
, OU, ' n pott.7t0Q"t:'t'

tJ.E::VOV 't'OC:

730

,

,

, ,

XO:t. fl.E:'t'1XVOYjCJO:.c; 't'OV EVW:U't"OV JVY)O't.Wc; Es-

O[LOAoyou[J-evo~ '"- -dj~ veo'<"YJ'
E:.v :-rijj o:.U-rc!J [1-0VO:.O"'t'Y)pL~ -roU &.yLou fewpyLov.

E1:ro: eLcr-f)veyx.o:.v -r:Ov 't'pL't"OV, Ntx.Yy-ro:.v, Ov x.at eoe~O:'t'O Zv 't'O:.i:c; &yx.ciAa.tc; aU't'oiJ Bv -r<;i ~a1t-cLaf.L<X:tr.., xa1 xpa.'t'-ljmxc; o:U't'Ov 't''fl xe:tpt rrpocrxeqocx"Acx whou. rrpo~ o"Alyov trrL (157) 735 'Exe"Aeucre oe ttpocrcxx&tjvcxt '
IL"'""'"'I""

d

I

'

'

731 hie resumit B. II 733-745 Hunc locum (eh~X ... !J..~Xp~Xv&ijvaL) multo brevius reddunt f3V II 736 't'oU-rov G: -roU-r~ corr. F-L II 743 cruyyeveL
107

years in this life. Fight therefore to save your soul." This is also what happened to this boy, for having become able to use both hands alike 156 and spent his youth well, as soon as he reached the predestined limit, he distributed all his money among the poor and donated his farms to the monastery of the holy great martyr George called Ta Praepositou 157 , and after a penance lasting one year, during which he sincerely confessed the sins of his youth to holy men, in his twenty-fourth year he likewise delivered his spirit to the Lord and was buried in the same monastery of holy George. Then they brought in the third, Niketas, whom he had received in his arms at his baptism. Taking him by the hand he put him aside for a moment at his pillow while he ordered the fourth to be brought before him. 158 To him he said about the same as to the second, both how long he would live and what he should do. Similar predictions were fulfilled also in his case: he gave his goods to the poor and donated his estates to the same monastery, whereupon he also confessed to a holy monk before time was up. Having received absolution he passed away in peace and was buried in the same monastery of holy George. They were both characterized by such youth, beauty and manliness that even strangers and people unrelated to them bewailed and lamented them bitterly, seeing such blossoms suddenly wither. 159 He then took the third, his spiritual son Niketas, lifted him up on his bed and kissed him, and both wept, the old man as well as the boy. And lifting him up towards the height of heaven with his own hands he said, "Master and Lord, in Thy hands I commit this boy, whom I loved dearly when I lived and for whom I grieve when I die. But I beg You, Lord, grant me this boy, that he may remain in this world and live longer than all his brothers and sisters 160 and his parents, keeping Thy commandments and Thy testimonies and performing the liturgy over us all who have predeceased, commemorating us. Grant him, Lord, this gift of mercifulness that I also re156 Cf. Judges 3:15 and 20:16. In this context the expression probably means "fully developed in mind as well as body" or ''in spiritual as well as secular matters". Cf. also the Life of St. Michael Maleinos ed. L. Petit in ROC7 (1902), 551,11-12 ±oLOt.[J.OV 't'OLiTOV xo). 1t€:pt.cpet.v'lj yeyov6·w. x.o:L x.o:;-r' &!J.cp6't'ep1X itept.Si:~t.ov, and the Life of St. Peter of Atroa eel. and tr. V. Laurent (Brussels, 1956), ch. 26,50 TO ·6)c; SiO'.c; crou Wpaiov wxt -rO x.ox'
oe

108

760

croU~ SEcr7t01."'0:., xo:t SOc; o:U-r~ xa.L ao
765

yevE:cr&o:t xa.t &x00pt.cr't'6v (.LOU o:.U't'Ov rtOL"t)crov, x.Upd !J.OU, xUpt.e:, de; -rOv -r6rtov Onou EOet.~ckc; J-lOL xo:-rot.x£tv." Tocroi}rov yO:.p EcpLAet. w.h·Ov We; 7tO't'E 0 'Iax.W~ 1;0v 'lwa'ljcp, Werre: p:f) xo:.'t'E:pxecrito:.c. aU't'Ov Ex :roU x.6A1tou a.U't'oU, O-re Un:rjpxe:v E:v -riji otx~ a.U't'oU, x
770

775

I

780

-ra

npo~ -rov lt<:ov ~p~
na.vayLav ih::o-r6xov · "L:\E:crnot.v<x. &e:o't'6x.e, etc; -r'ljv ox€:7tYJV crou (159) &cpL"t)f.LI. -rO nar..SLov -roU't'o' ax:btacrov cdrrO &nO 7tci.CJ"f)~ ~vcx.v"t"Lot~ Suvci.t-tsw~ xcx.t &nO ncx.v"t"O~ netpcx.crp.oU xcx.t xtvSUvou." Ticx.psxci.Aet S~ x.cx.t. "t"Ov flyt.ov 0e:6Swpov "t"Ov p..&;p"t"upcx. AE.ywv· "AytE. p.ou ®e6Swpe:, UnE.p[.!CX.Xo~ ye:voU "t"oU ncx.tSLou "t"oU"t"ou, O·n de; r:'ljv &:e:tcrE.~cx.cr"t"ov p.v-fn.tYJV crou E:ye:vv-IJ&tj xcx.t SuX "t"OD"t"o xcx.t d.~ "t"Ov &yt.Ov aou va:Ov cx.U"t"O Ecpw"t"Lcrcx.p.ev St.ci: -rOv crOv 1t6&ov, EvB-cx. xcx.L et~ ~ '~ !: nCX.AI..V '"CCX.~ CX.YX0::/\0::~ !J.OU O::U't'O EOEsCX.(.L"fJV EX 't'OU O::jt.OU CJOU VCX.OU, XO::t 'L"'-Yjt:; xat. B-eoU d~ "t"d:t:; &yxci.Aa~ aou cx.lnO no::pcx."t"L&tj[.Lt &.p.(.( 't'oU rr;avcx.y[a~ &e:o1:6xou." ELcr~veyxav Se xat 't'd:~ SUo &uyo:'t'E.pac; w?rroU, Ovop.cx. 'ti) npOOr:YJ '

IJ.

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Dn-ijpxov. 'EA
yd:p ncx.pB-evsUoucrcu, p.Bvoucrcx.t &p.Lav't'at xal. &axcx.vSci:Ata't'o::t cruv6!J.tAat r:-Yj~ &:yLa~ &e:o1:6xou. Kat Up.et:~ E:v OALycp xp6vcp 785

aywvccr&[LoV
3-e:o't'Oxou 't'0 BntAsy6[.Levov

~v

"t"i) TIZ[.Ln"t"oU

767 btL addidi II 779 post praetennissionem resumunt 784 cruvOp.r.Ao:t.: cruvO!J.tAor. corr. DOlger om. ~V !!

rt6p1:~,

~V,

&:ywvtcrci.[.LEVO::t

sed a G valde differunt

II

Cf. Eph. 6: 19, often quoted by seemingly humble hagiographers. Cf. that St Basil the Younger twice predicts that his pupil Gregory, the author of his Vita, will write his Life, thus giving it legitimiacy, see fol. fol. 116v-117, ed. Vilinskij 50,24-28, and fol. 355. ed. Vilinskij 329. 163 I.e., the monastic garment, to be precise -rO !Jl.yo: crxrjtJ.O'., cf. VLucSteir, ed. Sophianou: Luke first received the p.txpOv crx1jp.o: (§ 17 -rO -rWv f.LOVO'.xWv o:U-rs;> 7tepr.~&:AAet. crx1jp.o:, -riw:; yoGv -rO -rWv dcrayop.ivwv, 6 xo:t. p.t.xpOv olSe XO'.Ae1v -lj cruvij3-et.a), then -rO &1tocr-roAr.xOv a1hOv xo:L p.o:xcl:pwv ZvSUoucrt. crxi'Jp.a (§ 28). 164 Likewise St. Basil the Younger exhorts his pupil and hagiographer Gregory to become a monk, see fol. 359, ed. Vilinskij 332, and assures him that they will remain inseparable eternally, see fol. 359v, ed. Vilinskij 332. 165 Gen. 37:3. 161

162

109 ceived from You, Master, and give him both wisdom and insight that he may first fear Your name and keep Your commandments, and then have utterance in opening his mouth 161 so that he can write down all that we have done for a memorial to future generations. 162 Make him also worthy of the holy and apostolic garment 163 and make him, my Lord, Lord, inseparable from me in the place where You have shown me to settle." 164 For so much did he love him, like Jacob once loved Joseph 165 , that Niketas did not go down from his knee when he was in his house, and wherever Philaretos went, he carried him in front of him on his horse. Then having finished his prayer to God he began to invoke the all-holy Mother of God, saying, "Sovereign Lady, Mother of God, I commend this child to Your shelter: protect it from every hostile power and from every temptation and danger!" He also invoked the holy martyr Theodore, saying, "My holy Theodore, be the champion of this child, for he was born on your ever-augu st feast day 166 and therefore, because of our love of you, we also baptized him in your holy church, where I received him in my arms from your holy church, 167 and now r commit him into your arms again as well as into the arms of God and the all-holy Mother of God." They also brought in John's two daughters, of whom the first was called Helen and the second Euphemou 168 These were his first daughters. 169 They said to the venerable man, "Father, bless us too!" He answered them, "Blessed be you by the Lord, for you will lead a maiden life, remaining undefiled and unoffending companions of the holy Mother of God, and after a short period of struggle you too will inherit the kingdom of heaven." And so it happened, for having renounced the world in the monastery of the allholy Mother of God called At the Gate of the Pempton, 170 and struggled the 166 The author probably refers to St Theodore Teron, who came from the same area as Philaretos and whose feast day was 17 February. His double St Theodore Stratelates (feast day 7 Feb-

ruary) does not appear in hagiographical literature until the end of the 9th century, seeN.

Oikonomides, "Le ctedoublement deS. ThOOdore et les villes d'Eucha"ita et d'Euchaneia", AB 104 (1986) 327-35, esp. 329. One may therefore assume that Niketas wa':! born on 17 February, either in 785 or, less likely, in 786, since he is said to have been about seven years old when Philaretos died in 792, apparently towards the end of the year~ cf. infra, note 175. 167 If one keeps the reading of G (Bx -roU &yt.ou crou vo:oU), the meaning would probably be, if it is not just a lapse of the pen, that Philaretos received his adoptive child from the hands of St Theodore himself. In either case the repetition seems to be intended to empha.<>ize Philaretos' attachment to St Theodore. According to Koukoules, Bios 4 ( 1951 ), 56 it was not unusual for grandfathers to become godfathers of their grandchildren. 168 Supra, line 486 she is called Euphemia. 169 John's youngest daughter Hypatia had died recently, see il!{ra, lines 857-859. 170 The Pempton was a district in the Thracian countryside five (pente) miles from the Milion, situated in the heart of Old Constantinople. The gate in the Theodosian wall leading to this area was situated north of the brook called Lykos, between the Romanos gate and the gate of . Charisios, see Janin, Constantinople, 406.

110

790

~Lov cre:j.Lv6v, V7Jcr-re:La:t.r; Te: xat &ypunvLo:t.c; xa:t Ttci.crn &crx.~cre:r.. XEXOO"!J.YJ(J.iVat, SooSe:xo:.e-rij xp6vov E:v E:vL xcu.p(!3 E.xot(.L~&rjcrav a:t ouo. 'Apx.~ &ya:&ij.; 6Sou yov6fLova:c -ca:'i<; txocao 7ta:p&evoc<; ""'"1J~cw&tjaa:v -cii5 o1toupa:vlcp vufLrp&vc. ~OtJ.oLwr; SE: xa:&' £vex £x.a:cr-cov xa:L 't'oUr; AotttoUr; 2-yyovar; e:UA6y"t}crev, xo:it' 0 &v 6 &e:Or; ExopfJyYJcrev Ev -r(i) cr-r6j.Lcx:-rt. a:U-roU. '(:r KCV..\ 'E1tEUsO:-(J.8VO<;

795

800

805

810

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I

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&uyo:-rE:par; cdrroU, -coU't"ou SE: cdrt'oUr; e:UAoyoUv-ro:, tAcx.!L~ev & eUwOLG< ttoAAYj, wa-ce VOfLl~ocv i)[LiX<; 1tA~p1J<; aAwnwv xa:c apwfL
815

f

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"E-rt o:lrtWv itp11voUv-rwv d<; "t't~ -rWv 7tEV~-rwv Ovov.o: Ko:Uxo; Exwv 7tVEG(.L<X &x&&a.p'tov &1tO yevv~crew; a.lrtoU - xcxi noAAcixt<; xo:t ei.<; 790 &px.~ BXV: &pxij, G Joe. om. Y II 795
Ill struggle of a holy life adorned with fasts, vigils and all sorts of ascetic ism for twelve years the two of them died at the same time. Having become the beginning of a good way for their fellow-virgins they were deemed worthy of the heavenly bridechamber. Likewise he blessed his other grandc hildren "' one by one according to what God supplied to his mouth. And he prayed for his wife and his son and his daughters, and as he blessed them, his face suddenly shone like the sun, 172 and he began to smile gently and sing, "I will sing to thee, 0 Lord, of mercy and judgment," 173 and so forth. And when he had finished the psalm, there was such sweet smell in the house that we thought that it had become filled with ointments and spices. And then he began to say the holy creed. Having finished this too he began to say "Our Father," and when he began the word, 'Thy will be done," 174 he gave up his spirit to the Lord. 5 "

10. Philaretos' burial The emperor and his mother the empress and Philaretos' granddaughte r the augusta heard that their grandfather had died. And they arrived with the whole senate and bewailed him under much lamentation and buried his precious remains, surrounding them with a great bodyguard and also distribu ting great sums of money among the needy. As he was still on the way to his tomb he was followed by the whole crowd of the poor, weeping and wailing loudly. While praising God they cried out and said, "Alas, 0 Lord, why have you after a short time deprive d us of the man whom you sent to feed us? Who will henceforth fill our stomachs like this man did? Who will clothe our naked bodies? Who will pay our debts to our creditors for us? Since you have done this, " 6 it would have been better if you had killed us all instead of depriving us of this man." While they were still weeping, a certain man among the poor called Kaukos 177 who had been possessed by an unclean spirit since he was born

175

If we assume thatPhilaretos died more or less exactly four yem·s after Maria

was married to

Constantine in November 788, he died in late 792. SynaxCP specifies that he died on I December and the MS V that he was buried on 2 December, which fits this chronology but, with

the exception ofV, is only supported by late MSS; the date appearing in SynaxCP is evidently

calculated on what is said in V.

~adds

that Philaretos was ninety years old when

he died but still in the bloom of youth. This was certainly not in the original version. 176 Fourmy-Leroy understand O•t -roU-ro EnoL"f)crO'~ as a question; translating "Pourquo i as-Tu fait cela?" This gives better sense but is hardly what the Greek says. Cf. Gen. 3:18. 177 Constantelos, "Classical Heritage," 101, assumes that Kaukos was named after Kaukon, the mythical founder of the city of Lepanon in the Peloponnese.

112 820

825

830

835

840

845

850

xo:.t e:L; 1to-ra:p..6v, noAA&:.xt.~ OE xo:1 &neO'lj[J.et E~ co}roU Ent. 1JtJ.8:pa:<; Exa.v&:<;, E:crUxva~e: SE: xa.t -r<:l &:yLcp y8pov-rt., B·n. co}roU ~Wv't'oc;, x.<X1 n:oAAO:.c; &pe-rch; no:p' ctU-roU E:xop.LGa-ro, ~yci.1tr1. yelp aU't'Ov nci:vu - , &:x.oAou&oiJv't'oc; OE: a.U't'oiJ Ev 't'<[) e~oOLcp O<XcfLOVc~OfLEVou, -ri!Jv cruyyevi!Jv w)-rou rr<Xp<Xxp<X-rouv-rwv O
B~a.Ae:

~ t

I

I

\

;

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t

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(\

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~a SE: 't'oU't'ou Zyywv x.o:1 nve:up.a't't.x.Oc; utOc; N vx'l)Ta.c;: 6 Aa.~Wv -celt:; 1toAAch; e:UAoyLa.c; na.pO:. 't'OiJ rtcbtrcou o:.trcoU, (.Lt.xpOc; -r?i 'l]Ac.x.Lq. Urr:ci.pxwv We; E:-rWv Err:'t'ci., ~L; 't'Yjv 't'pL 't''flV 'lj!J.epav xa&~U3wv E:rr:t 't'Yjc; x.ALv11c; a:U't'oU E:yE:v~'t'o E:v E:xa't'ci.ae:c. xa:t ~prr:ci.y'fl eL; 't'Ov E:x~1&~v x6a[J.OV xa:i. dOe 't'ci.c; 't'~ xoAci.aec.c; xa:i. 't'Ov rto't"a:tJ.OV 1:0v rr:Upt. vov ~O<&uv rr&vu (163) xoxM~OV'rO<, 0\cr-re fJ.-iJ UTI:OfJ.evECv 'rOV ~PUYfLOV a:U't'oiJ &v&pwrr:Lv11 cpUac.c;, xa:t rr:E:pa:ite:v 't'oiJ rtO't'<X[J.OU rr:apci.3~t.crov -reprrvov x<Xl il8vilp<X rr<Xv-roil<Xrrp<Xt<X 11:<XfL(LBYE&Y) rro/..M, or& rro-re cpucrc~ &v&pwrrou oux dilev "'"'"'"' -ro yeyp<XfJ.fJ.Evov · "A Ocp&a:A(LOc; oUx ~IS~v xa:t ot5c; oUx ~xoucre:v xa:t E:rr:t xap3La:v &v&pWrr:ou oUx &vE:~'fl, & ~'t'OL[Laaev 6 &~Oc; 't'o1c; &ya:rr:Wcrc.v a:U't'6v. Eiilev ili: <; cpucrc~ &vlfpwrrou lilE"iv ">]ouv<X-ro, dilev y<Xp po<X~ E:yx.ci.prr:ouc; x.a:i. (.L~yci.Aouc;, XG(t 6 xa:prr:Oc; G(U1:00v rr:oAUc; xa1 (J.eya:c;, OfJ.OcO< crxucpcillwv xwpouv-rwv otvou OcO<XO(JtO(~ At'rp<X~, OfJ.OtW~ ili: XOcSlwv carr. F-L: crt.cp1JSLou G om. ~V II 848 1tO:!J.!J.EYi.{}eu:; scripsi: rcO:!J.!J.eye:&lj;: G !J.ey[cr't"ou.:; ~V II 849 xo:pUo:..:; corr. F-L: xapia.:; G loc. om. ~V II 850 &.vii !J.i:'t"pwv DOlger: &.va~J.e:'t"p&lv G lac. om. ~V II 850 xwpouvTwv cmT. F-L: -6vTwv G lac. om. ~V II 178 179

Cf. Mark 9:22. Presumably compassion in particular.

113

-it often threw him into a fire or into a river, 178 but often also left him for several days, and while the holy old man still lived he frequently came to him, receiving from him many proofs of his virtues, 179 for he loved him much - , while the man, being possessed, followed the funeral procession, his relatives holding him so that he might receive alms, he suddenly jumped up, crying and howling, and caught hold of the bier, and at the moment he got hold of it the unclean spirit came out of him at once and he was cured by the grace of God. And holding the leg of the bier he carried the old man all the way to his tomb. And everyone saw what happened and praised God. When they had arrived at the tomb they laid down his holy body in the sarcophagus, honouring it with psalms and hymns. 180

11. Niketas' dream On the third day, when his grandchild and spiritual son Niketas who had received all the many blessings from his grandfather, being a small boy of about seven, lay sleeping on his bed, he fell into a trance during which he was caught 181 up to the other world and saw both the punishments and the fiery river, which was very deep and boiling so that the nature of man could not endure its roaring, and on the other side of the river a delightful garden and trees of every kind, beautiful, huge and in great number of a kind that a human being never saw according to what is written, "What no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived, what God has prepared for those who love him". 182 But he saw as far as the nature of man was able to see, for he saw big pomegranate-trees full of fruit, and their fruit was numerous and big, like cups holding two hundred litres of wine 183 , similarly very splendid vines of the kind that grows up trees with grapes as big as the size of a tall man, and likewise huge date-palms and hazel-nut trees, and the fruit of the hazel-nut trees was like wine-jars holding twelve measures each, 184 and he saw there every kind of ripe fruit. 185 180 As mentioned supra, note 175, V says that the burial took place on 2 December. Then ~V add the following: AVTI) 1( noA~-re:LIX -roU B~otAcr;pi:-rou -roU EAe"fJfl.ovo; · oOTo; 0 ~Loc;; ToU
convention.

181 lJP"&n: 2 182 I Co. 2:9.

Co. 12:2 and 4.

183

There were about three AL't"po:L to a modern litre (Schilbach, Metrologie, 95). I.e., jars holding about 120 litres of wine each, cf. Schilbach, Metrologie, ll2f. 185 This wonderful garden with its supernatural fruit was probably planted by Philaretos with his own good deeds, cf. VBaslun, eel. Veselovskij 47 -r:Ov y
x.o.:t. x.o.:-r:&:no.:ucrt.v ...

114

855

860

865

870

Ko:i C:cr-ca.v-ro &vS:pe:~ xo:f.. yuvo:Ix.e:<; x.otf.. rto:.tOLo:., nci:v't'e:<; Ae:uxe:lp.ovoUv'l:"e:<;, xai ljcr&tov Ex -roU xa:prtoU x.cx.t eUc:ppo:Lvovt'o. 'E.&eciao::-co SB x.a.t r:Ov rtcbtnov o:U-roU Ev t.J.-€:0'~ -rWv c:pu-rWv xal.. xcdte~OfLEVOV errl &p6vou xpuaou TI:ETI:OCXCA[J.BVOU OocX Al&ou -rqJ.lou xo:1 crp.o:.p&ySou, EvS:e:Su(LEvov xo:1 cdr~Ov a-r:o/..:ljv Ae:ux.Tjv, x.ai v-f)rcr.a rrof.f.a ve6'fl"'"" ~a-riho; xuxA'fl wkou xpo;-rouv-re<; A<X[J.rrctO<X<;. Ko;l Bvrx v-f)nr,ov ve:6
Hpl;oo-ro Oi: 6 rrpea~u<; xpa~ecv -ro rro;colov· ''Texvov fLOU, /;f.&i: x.o:.t crU Bv-ro:.US.o:. xed. &n6Ao::ue:: -rWv &yaitWv -roU"t'wv." 'Anoxpt.ite::t~ 0€: (165) 1:0 TI:<XoOlov elrrev· "lla-rep, OUV<X[J.<Xo, 01:0 a-rev+, /;a-rov ~ ye.; -rplX"' urrapzouao; xo;t b rro-r<XfLo<; ~o;&u.; xo;t rrupcvo.;. 'OpW 0€: x.o:.t Bv o:.lrr<:> 1tA'l)ito~ yu!J.vWv &v&pWnwv xoAa~otJ.Evwv ~pUxov-ra~ -roU~ 006v-rac;, xat n-rooU11-at. p.~ Bp.nEcrw x.&yW x.at x.oAci.~o!Lo::t. crUv aU't'oi~." ''Eq.rt) 0€: npOc; -rO rcatOLov · "'EA.&€: p.6vov, p.~ n-rooU, Yjp.e::ic; y2t.p 1tci.v-re::~ aU't'oG Brtep&cra(J-e::V · Oox.Lf.Laaov 11-6vov x&.yo\ aoc ~o11&w." Ko;l ex-relvo;.; b yipwv -r-ljv xet.po; rrpoaexo;l.e"i.-ro 't'O 7tar..0Lov, 6 OE: &7to-roAp.-ljcrac; e::LcrrjA.Se:v Bn&vw -r'ljc; -rpr..xO~ xo:.t ~pl;o;-ro -rou rrepv&v. ~xeAc~6[J.evo.; xo;l rr-roou[J.evo<;, -rou yepov-ro~ aU-rOv rcpocr~o'Yj.SoGv't'o~, B1tipo:.cre::v Bxei.&e::v. Ko:.t &11-o:. -roU Tie::p&cro:.t. o:.U-rOv Byive::-ro E~urtvo~· Bcrci.Ae::ucre:v y2t.p o:.U-rOv ~ f1--IJ't'1Jp o:.U-roU, &xoUcro:.cra -rei~ cpwv<Xc; o:.U-roU cpo:.ve::pWc; xo::t -roUe; cr-re::vo:.ytJ.oUc; Or..Ct. -rOv cp6~ov -roV nup6~. ETrte:v OE: npO~ o:.U-r6v · ''T'L O'Ot. E:O''rt., ,, , ,, , i , , 'Y " 't'E::XVOV !J.OU, t.VO:. 't't. XA\/.LEL~ XOCt. O"'t'E::VO:."-;,Bt.~; OE::

au

875

880

885

·o .,

853 AEVXELfJ.OVOlhrrs~ (3V: AEVX'i"'ifLOVOUv-rs~ G I! 857 xpaciirvn~ G II 858 eva: ev corr. F-L loc. om (3V II 861 AsvxsLfJ.OVoLrv-cwv (3V: Asvcrx'YJ!LOvoUvcwv G loc. om. X II 863 7tA~crc&crec ~V: 7tA~crc&<11J G II 864 oAo' Dillger: G !oc. om. ~V II 872 aut rcpO~ addendum aut cO rcaLS:Lov "" ccfi rco:LUso II 875 6 addidi, (3V secutus: om. G !I

oAw'

115

Men and women and children, all dressed in white, stood eating from the fruit, rejoicing. He also saw his grandfather sitting in the midst of the trees on a golden throne inlaid with precious stones and emerald, he too dressed in a white robe, and many newly baptized 186 little children standing around him holding lamps. 187 And one little newly baptized child, sister of him who had the dream who had died a short time before, sat in the old man's bosom 188, she too holding a lamp. 189 Beside him there also stood another great host of poor dressed in white. Each one enjoyed many good things, and jostling each other they competed to be first to approach the throne of the merciful man. He also saw a man with a shining appearance- he was altogether like fire- holding a golden staff in his hand. The child who had the dream asked, "Sir, who is this old man sitting on the golden throne? I would like to go there too." He answered, "It is Abraham." The child said, "No, Sir, it is my grandfather!" The young man said, "Yes, it is your grandfather, but now he has become Abraham." 190 The old man began to call out to the child, "My son, come here you too and enjoy these good things!" The child answered, "Father, I can't, for the bridge is as narrow as a hair and the river is deep and fiery. 191 And I see in it a multitude of naked people being punished, gnashing their teeth, and I am terrified that I too shall fall into it and be punished together with them." But he said to the child, "Just come along, do not be scared, for we have all crossed it! Just try, I shall help you." And stretching out his hand the old man called the child to himself, and he took heart and went out on the hair and began to cross over. Tottering and terrified but assisted by the old man he crossed over to the other side. As soon as he had crossed over he woke up, for his mother shook him when she clearly heard him crying and groaning because of his fear of the fire. She said to him, "My child, what is the matter with you, why are you weeping and groaning?" He told her of his vision, adding, "Why did you

186 The form ve6cpc.n·o; here and line 858 is not found in the dictionaries. It may be just a scribal error for the usual veoq:a.l-rtcr-ros (sic ~), or perhaps a mixture of ve:ocpWncr-ro; and

ve:6cpu-ro.;, cf. next note. 187 For vijm.a ...Ao:{-Ln:ciSas cf. the Life of Andrew the Fool ed. Ryden, lines 3402-3 (at the time of the liturgy) Se&cracrSo:.t- exe:t.; x.Ux/,v> ·6j.; -rpan:i:~'f).; -coU,:;: ui.oV.:; -roU &eoU t-te-r!X. A<X[Lrd:Owv E:cr-r&5-ro:c; We; ve6'f'U't"Gt i.Aa.tWv i.v &!J-7te:AWvr., ToUc; veocpw-rLcr't'OU<; Uyw ... , which alludes toPs. 127:3 of. ut.oL crou We; ve6
188 LikeLazaros

in Abraham's bosom, cf. Luke 16:23. According to the family tree, supra, line 486, her name was Hypatia. As she was newly baptized, she was probably born after 788. 190 Note that Philaretos, who began as a new Job, ends up a new Abraham. 191 For the bridge of hair, see Introduction under "Niketas' dream", at the end. 189

116 &cpYjy~aa:ro 't'~V

890

On-rcto-Lctv xo:t AEywv · "''Iva -rL 11-c: t~Unvt.aac;; 'l).&e:Aov ylip cruve:iva.t. f.LE't'w~ X<Xl ,de~ (L<Xp(Lapuydc~ &~ SWpa.xo: Exet, Aoyc.S61J.EVoc; On. WOe Ev -rj) ax.o't'Lq. St.&:yotJ.EV."

Ta.\3-ro:

E:yOO

3-e:cx:crcip.e:voc;, Nt.x.'t)-rctc; 0 E.yyovoc; x.at ut.oc; 't'oiJ &yLou tJ.OU n&n:nou, E.-r'lj Oix.cc Ot.a:rpL~ac; Bv -r4) oLx.cp p.ou, -rckc; Ev-roA<X.c; 'toiJ ttcbtrcou p.ou xcx:-rG: voUv Zxwv E:v -rjl

1tVZUf.LCX.t't.x.Oc;

895

~~

I

I

~I

X.CX.pot.q. /LOU X.Cct. XCX't'Gt OUVCq.J.t.V

)

Y

I

~\

T

e::py~X~.:oOfLE:VO<;,

~

I

I

XPOVWV WV OX\:'{i) X.O:.t.

Obw: yev6!J.EVoc;, &rcBOpacro:. Ex -roU otx.ou v.ou X(.{t €:yev6!-L1JV (LOV<XXO<;. ME't"Oc lli: dxo
!

\

'

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EpEUV'l)O"<Xt; 't'C(t; a.pE't"CX.<; 't'OU 7t<X1t1tOU (J.OU XO:./.. 't'Y)V X.IXA1jV O:VCCO"'tpO
900

905

910

o:.U-roU & p.~v a.trr6n-r1jc; Eye:v6!LYJV, & 0~ 'l)x.oucrct n:a:pO: 't'Wv Sf.LWV yovewv (LEi}' opxwv /lc't)yOU(LEVWV, /i. /li: 7t<Xp0c 't"WV 1tEV~'t"WV 7tA't)pOq>Op't)ltdc; O'UVEypa<)i
890 yAuxU corr. DOlger: yAux~v G

II

192 Usually, Urco~dvw. means 'endure' . One has the impression that the author wants to say that, having seen the sweet light of Paradise, he cannot endure the darkness of this world. 193 For the pleonasm Wv ...yev6fLevoc;, cf. supra, line 68f. crVv •-0 &p6't"py.l Aa:~c.lv. 194 The phrase &.nE.Opa:cra: Ex •oV otxou fLOU indicates that Niketas' parents disapproved of his decision to become a monk. If this is so, they were still alive in 802. Conflicts between parents and sons who wanted to take the vows were frequent in Byzantium, see Talbot, ed., Defenders, 156, note 61 and cf. A.-M. TalbotinDOP44 (1990), 119-20 and 126-27. Auzepy, "De Philarete" 122 finds it remarkable that Niketas fails to mention which monastery he en~ terecl. The reason is perhaps that he entered a monastery that in the time of Michael II was re~ garded as compromised. 195 The year 6330 according to the Byzantine era lasted from September, AD 821 to August, AD 822. However, something seems to be wrong here, see Introduction under "The author and his purpose".

117

wake me up? I wanted to be with my daddy and grandfather, for I cannot wait for the sweet ligbt aud gleaming that I saw there, considering that here we live in darkness." 192

12. Epilogue After this vision I, Niketas, grandson and spiritual son of my holy grandfather, remained at home for ten years, keeping the commandments of my grandfather in mind in my heart and doing them according to my ability. But when I was eighteen years old, 193 I ran away from home and became a monk. 194 Twenty years after I renounced the world, in the year 6330 195 while in exile at Karyoupolis in the Peloponnesos, 196 having carefully explored the virtues of my grandfather and his good mode of life, I have written his Life, using partly what I have seen with my own eyes, partly what I have heard from my parents who told me under oath, and partly information that I have received from the poor. 197 May it come to pass that we all become worthy of his virtues and be glorified with him. 198 His God-fearing wife took a considerable sum of money and returned to her home village, where she restored all the holy churches that had long ago been ruined by the Persians, 199 bestowing on them very costly holy equipment, and founded monasteries and alms-houses, whereupon she returned to Constantinople, and having finished her life in a good way, she too passed away in peace and was buried with her husband,2°0 for the glory 196 Karyoupolis was situated on the Mani, the middle of the three southern peninsulas of the Peloponnesos. On its history in the Middle Byzantine period, see Etzeoglu, "Karyoupolis" 90-95. When and for what reason Niketas had been exiled, and why he was exiled to this particular place, is anybody's guess. Etzeoglu, Joe. cit., suggests that Niketas belonged to those who, at the beginning of the 9th century, were transfened from Anatolia to the Peloponnesos to strengthen the Hellenic presence as against the Slavic immigrants. As Etzeoglu points out, VPh is the first literary source for the history of Karyoupolis. 197 Note that Niketas' parents must have died long ago. Furthermore, as he lived in exile he is unlikely to have returned to Amnia to interview the poor whom Philaretos had helped. The whole sentence, therefore, looks like a hagiographical topos. 198 This whole paragraph is missing in [3. 199 By -ri)v !.Ot11.:v 1m-rpt01X Niketas probably means Amnia and its surroundings rather than Theosebo's original home town (if this wa~ different from Amnia). Since, as Ludwig, Sonderformen 154f. observes, elsewhere in the Vita the Arabs are called lshmaelites (lines 46 and 219), "Persians" seems to refer to the Persians of the early 7th century rather than to the Arabs, although in contemporary literature "Persians" often stands for "Arabs", and Gangra, the metropolis of Amnia, was taken by the Arabs in 712 as well as in 727, perhaps even in 732, see Belke, Paphlagonien und Honorias 196. 200 Note the contrast between the aristocratic widow described here and the sarcastic housewife described in the first half of the Vita. However, Theosebo's building activity could be understood as an act of piety in memory of her husband, and perhaps also as an act of gratitude towards the villagers for their support when the imperial envoys anived in Amnia, looking for a bride for Constantine VI.

118 Xpt.a't'oiJ, 4} ~ 06~a xat 'tO xpci't'oc; aUv -r0 rca-cpt [xat -r0 u~0] xat 't'0 navay£~ xat ~wo7tot.
911 xed, -r~ of.~ seclusi, cod, V secutus aL ~ II post &p.:ijv add. XP~ y-~,ve:upov.Xp~ov !J-j}vav· d~ Tel:~ "f)!J-epa~ -rij4; &.noxpeou GP, post quod etiam add. U7t6fLV"l')!JiX 3t.a:Aa!J-~civov !J-E:ptx~ -roU~ &.yWvo:~ xa:t O:&Ao.: xa:L &noO"f)!J-La~ xat -re:Ae:Lwotv -rWv &yLwv xo:L xopu<pa:Lwv &noo-r6Awv Tie-rpou xa:t. Tio.:U1-oo Y II

119

of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the dominion with the Father and the AU-Holy and Life-giving Spirit, now and forever and unto the ages of ages 201

201

After 'the Father' G adds 'and the Son', which is such a glaring pleonasm that it can hardly

be ascribed to the author himself. -After the end of the Vita G remarks that VPh is read in February, during the carnival week, although in the SynaxCP (the summruy is based on V) Philaretos is commemorated on 1 December.

INDICES

Biblical quotations and reminiscences

Old Testament

34:20:678-79 14:4:691-92

Genesis 1:6:451-52 3:19:71-72 18:2-8:25 23:3-20; 25,9-10:658 37:3:765 38:8:714 39:6:427 48:9:712 50:1:673 Exodus 18:21:220--21

New Testament Matthew 25:40:558-59 6:10:802 6:25, 32, 33,34:167-70 6:26: 164--67 17:2:795-96 19:21:595--600 19:21,29:171-73 25:40:558-59

Judges

Mark

3:15; 20:16:725

9:22:819-20 10:23:60--61; 699 10:25:62--63

1 Kings 2:7-8:40--42 9:2:426 2 Kings 14:26:427 Psalms 100:1:797 Proverbs 12:10:78 28:22:693-94 Job 1:1:5--6 1:3:6--10 1:5:26 1:6--12:36--38 1:21:320f.

Luke 12:19:561 12:33:595--600 15:13:91; 286f. 16:23:859--60

Acts 7:16:658 20:35:72-73, 111-112 Romans 12:15-16:109-112 1 Corinthians 2:9:841--43 2 Corinthians 9:7:252 12:2,4:836

Sirach 4:7:162 19:30:507[.

Ephesians 6:19:760

124 Indices

Colossians 3:5:623-24 1 Thessalonians 5:14:175 2 Thessalonians 3:10:73-74 1 Timothy 2:9:463 2 Timothy 4:2:358

Grammatical index 1

The noun Accent: nepf.crcre:w: 14; npocrat:t·-ft~ 22, 622 Number: d x&AI.1J <Xv~wv 430 Declension: ~0 ~PO'f'Eq. 100; ~occrcl.iocv 500; &uyom\po:v 498; 1-i~p«; 597

The pronoun EcrU 339; ·nvciv fornv<X 100; 'dvav for-rf.vt. 570; 't'Ov rJ.lYcOv y€pov't'o: 'the old man' 829; ~ole; (-tEV .. .Tolc; di; for ol (-tEV ... ol 3€ 617--18; rcolac foHivEc; 466; oca ~ ~nc; 491

The adjective Wp<>:iec; (Wpaf.ctt.<; G)= 0po:1a;t. 19; -rYjv Lpcinl!~av ..:rijv E:Aeqxivnvov 409 (but tAE'f'OCV~iV1JV line 418)

The adverb E:v-re:U-itev 'here' 691; ix.ei.&ev 'there' 696, 883; 't'Ov E:xe1Sev x6crp.ov 'the other world' 836-37; tx ~WV exEC
Prepositions and prepositional adverbs six instances, all with gen. Note 11.~-toc ~oil rczp&crac 884 but 11.~-ta &no'f'op~­ wcrac; 288 &v& three times, all with gen. and in distributive sense: 340, 589, 850 &1r6 seventeen instances, all with gen. Note: &1ro xpiouc; 90; &1ro Savdou 297; &nO Uttoxcx11-Lcrou 'in his undershirt' 367f.; &.1tO S&.!J.~Ou 369f.; &reO x6nou ...x.at &nO OSoU noAA-fie; 'tired after a longjourney'450; &reO ALilwv ~'1-'iwv 525 (cf. tx 1-i&wv 565); &no o:t x~-tai-wcriac; 'because of robbery' 207; &no yzvv'l)crzwc; 819 (cf. ~x vz6~~6c; (-tOU 676) St.ci with gen. fourteen times, with ace. nine times. Note Dv± TO Aa~dv aV't"Ov p6yav 'so that he might receive alms' 824-25 11.~-tct

d<; seventy-three instances, all w. ace., usually in the sense 'to' but eight times also used for &v. Note: d<; xovd6v 350; de; 't"Yjv ~v-/j~YJ'' crou 'on your feast

1 For deviations from traditional grammar comparable to those registered here, see P. KarlinHayter, Vita Euthymii Patriarchae CP. (Brussels, 1970), 224-244 under 'Grammatical Notes'. 2Cf. VAntlun, ed. Halkin 219,9 &.AAo 2:up£a.:v oU ~Ai:rrE~ 'never again'.

126 Indices day' 773-74; d~ -r~v tpL-r1JV Y)tJ.Epo:v 'on the third day' 835; e:L:;; -rOv Evo: ~oDv &rtoA6.f3w!J.E:V bw::-r6v 173; ErtA1jpW&rj de; o:U~:Ov -rd: O!J.OUX 738; tvo: p:lj Z:v-rpo:nWp.e:v de; -roUe; -rowtrrouc; &vSpcu; 404 e:tcrw one instance: dcrw OUo ~11-e:p&iv 342 Ex twenty-nine instances, all with gen. Note Ex 1tav-r6c; 373 Zv forty-six instances, all with dat., most often in the sense 'in' or 'at', but some-

times also for e:~c; (six times). Note: Ev p.icrt:,<> 854; Exet:pLcra-ro E:v -r0 p.ovacr'tY)pL

Evexev two instances: Evexev 0eocref3oUc; 'as far as Theosebo is concerned' 299, 310

one instance: Z~w&e'l 't"oiJ otxou aU-roD 398 two instances, both with gen.: 279 ('more than'); 881 ('on') Zn:L with gen. seventeen times, with dat. nine, with ace. eleven. Note: s:Uq;pat.vo-

e~w&e:v

tmivw

!1-ivou Z:n:t -roU cruvmxecrLou 517-18; ZvoxAeiv -r:Ov yipov't'IX Zn:L -roiJ ...xp~p.ceroc; 529; 07te:p xed. yEyovev Zn' o:U·n'i) 724 Zwc; once with gen.: S:v>c; -roU fLV1J!J.dou 829; once with ace.: Ewe; ducrJ.L&.c; 380 xomi with gen. one instance (219 'against'), with ace. thirteen instances. Note: xrxd {J-tpoc; 'piecemeal' 208; xrxll' i!v 'in detail' 685 {J-t with ace. twice: iJ.i: -rO: 1wcSlrx 338; iJ.i: -rae; -rpz1c; lluyrx-rtprxc; 505. The fact that in the sense 'with' iJ.nO: is always followed by the genitive supports the impression that yi is not just an error for !J.E't"ci iJ.ZTri. fifty-six instances, six with ace. ('after'), forty-nine with gen. ('with'). In the sense 'together with' 11-e-r& appears nineteen times. Expressions like 11-e-rO: x_rxp&:c;, iJ.n' 6py1jc; are particularly common (twenty-four instances). Note ~acr-rci~ctt fU: !1-e-cO: &p6vou xpucroU 671 n:o:pci twenty instances: sixteen with gen., four with ace., none with dat. Note rcapO: iJ-lrxv 'aside' 341; Sci;O:{J-evoc; rtrxpci. -rov "' -rocp6pov 336 (si v.l.) rc&:pe~ one instance: n:cipe~

-cO Un:cttLx.vv 'except' 640

n:€:pcd.h:v one instance: 1tipa&ev -roU n:o'tcq.wU 839 1tepl four instances: with gen. 117,365, 668; with ace. 638 n:AYJcrLov one instance: n:A. -roU rrcx.Acx.-rLou 527 n:p6 two instances, both with gen.: n:pO p.txpoU xp6vou 858-59, n:pO xp6vou 'before time was up' 7 40

7tp6c; sixty-eight instances: with dat. 513 (o\7teAucr< 7tpecr~ecc; ...,.poc; -r(ii ~rxcrcAz1 Kwvcr-rcx.v-rLvcp ), with ace. in all other cases. Note: -rtwc; n:pOc; Wpcx.v 'just for a moment' 232; 1rpoc; 6ALyov 735, rrpo<; 6ALyov x_povov 681-82; rrpoc; evrx 'one each' 293; -rei. rtpo<; lle6v 'his prayer to God' 768; rtpoc; ~rxcrcAtrxv o0 rtocdc; 'for an emperor you will not do' 500f. crUv with dat. thirteen instances. Note the change of case when crUv is followed by more than one noun: crUv -r"{i !J.YJ't'pt aU-r&iv xat -rep yipov-rt. xcx.t n:cx.v-rOc; -roU otxou a;U-roU 471-72; crUv -rc/5 na-rptxL

Gramma tical index

127

uno six instances, four of them indicating agent. Note: UnO bn-rponij~ 'by order' 392; UnO -r-1)<:; n6Ac.w<; fo:yypWv Te:AoGcra 'belonging to the jurisdiction of Gangra' 385 xapcv three times in the expression TO\J-t:ou xapcv (\54, !84, 2J6) xwpL,;; one instance: xwpt~ B-e:oU 39f.

The verb Augment omitted: ahd-ro 22; ~itt-!J.e:Ae:L-ro 159; E:pyo:cr&y.1Jv 182; &vtcrxou 261 Endings: ti;"l)vtacr&rjv for -1) 135; trcopsu&rjv for -1) 286 (in these two cases -v may stand for nu ephelkustikon); &i\crst 190; ""fL<Jiott ~X"' 409; SwcrstV otuT<;i dxot = iiSwxot 302, 308 Participle: q;ipot<; = cpipwv 187; dSw<; = tSwv 199; wcrTs fL+, &vsx6fLsvo<; &xoucrott (part. for inf.) 643-44; aor. for pres. participle 334, 683-84 etc.; SWcrotVT€<; 501, 503; lack of concord: TOUTOU SE otu·rou<; eul
Conditional sentence s

Modus irrealis is correctly used at 93-94 and 281-82, but at 302 and 308 it is expressed like this: Ey0 EO:v ~!1-YJV, SWcrc:r..v cn)'t"<:i e:.Lxa Iterative and future conditions: xo:.&' 0 &v n<;; xpdav E:xs:t., oU-rw<;; x<X1 rrapt-

xe:"',

o:Lvr<J> 615;--16~ Ev -r~U;
't"OUT~ XPYJO'W!J.e:&a xaL EIXV anov-ro;;; o:Aurrw;;; TOU't'O e:ve:yxwfJ.e:v 63-66; &AL~.::mxr.. E:
Past conditions: d n &v a:hd-ro, eOLdou w~rr(/)...d ·n. &•J ETCdhJp.e:r.. 22-23; EA&fLf3o:ve:v fxo:o"tO<; d n &v xreL(/.\1 dxe:v 30-31; Exo:crToc; ...olov &v

1J&e:Ae:v 32; Orrou &v dcrijA&e: (dcrEA&rJ G) de; olx6v -rc.voc; 't'Ot.it'ov ErcAoUncre:v ...Yj e:UAoyLa crou 252-53; duxOoU;;; ...-rci -re: ~!J.&no: o:trroU xaL st Tt &v slxsv 660--62

Conjunctions tva:: twx tLi} xa-raAUcroucn.v 393; twx -rL xAo:.kt..:; 887; 'Lw.1.. -rL p.e:: E:~Un:vt-cra::;; 888; n:&.v-ra Zvoc t::Upw e::U-rpe::n:t-crp.k:voc534; On t'00t'o tn:oLYJcro:::;;, xpdt't'OV ijv 'Lva 'ljp.a-; n:6:.v-re<.<; E:&o:v6:.t'wcro:::;; 815-16 O·n: t'otoG-ro-; y<X.p ijv 0 &.v~p -&e<.up.e<.cr-c6~, 0t't-...E:n:t-p.e::Ae::lTo 158-59; On t'0 Atfl-0 01l [L+, Stotcp&iXpWfL
Indices

128

On:ou: SO~ o:trrO On:ou &fAe:c.~ 294 €we;: €w.;; n:6-re: oOx E:x~&AAet.;; ... ; 347-48

Case

3 Genitive for dative: St:f)ye:Lcr&o:L cdrroiJ 't"Ov &&:vo::-rov -roU ~o6.;; 116 ; n:o:.pei:x.e:v O"UfL~O­ &Suv&.1:wv 1:0iv 1:ou &ylou yspov1:o.; XVyJfL"'""' 1to"AM 603-604; 6fLolo: 443-44; 1:pel.; lluyo:"ipe<; ... fLou lluyo:1:p6<; 1:1j<; """' l]llicv 111; o:Urij.; 436, similarly 846, 850; btL 't"O &:.vo:cr·djcro:t xUpwv -r:Ov Se:Ov cmE:p!J-O: ocU1:oU for atrr4)714 Genitive for accusative: cttSe:cr&d.; ·nOv -roU 3-eoU lv~:oAWv 74-75; (cf. cx.tSecrlld<; t1tl 521); whou (i.e. 1:ov 1t01:<XfLOV) t7tep&.cro:fLV 1:po
689-90; E:rceux6!J.evo~ -rOv yipov-ra 24445 (similarly 794, but with dat. 583); <11teuA6ncrev o:tm)v 317; 01t~V1:1JO"< t'oU~ ~o:crt.AowU~ 398 (with dat. 460); drcev 3€: xo:i -roU-rov -rd: 811-ot.ot 736-37; cruyye:vet.ci~oucrt.v aU-roU~ 743f.; oU~ Z.xe:-r:e rct.cr-reUet.v -rd: -xp~­ !1-at'o: 695; rcAYJcrt.&.cre:t. 't'6v &p6vov 863; l
3 Cf.

VAntlun ed. Halkin 219,3 ~d:x:vutnv

~U-roiJ

-cdr. -roiJ

~cxrn.).Jw:;

yp.Xf.!.p.tXToc.

Grammatical index

!29

Concord

t~ctxoucr-rov

Oe €yEve~:o ...~ Tmhou €A~;:1Jp.omhrYJ 26-27 Ecr-rt. -r1)~ -Guya-rp6~ p.ou ...&u_ya't'Epe:c; -rpdc; 442-43 n&v-ro::c; navoc.xe:L:r~v cruyyEve:t.o::v 518-19 •0 fLOVCW1:1Jplcp ...1:0 tJtcA
mxxLov yEtJ.OV't"<X 311 -rO ~e:Dyoc; &-rov-f)cravt"o: 77 Sui 1:0 1tA~llo, •ou cruvei
Same Sense, Changing Form or Preposition d-re: yO:p Ct.O: xe:t.tLWvoc; d't'e: O(.'&cr-&e:vdo:c; e:l't'e: &nO o::Lxp.aAwaLac; 206-207 OOc; Ep.oL.xo:i -reX ncx.t.OLa: ••• x.cx.t -r:Yjv vUp. xat 1tiXcrav -r~v crUyx.AlJ-rov 533 7tpocrL6V't'O~ p.ou 7toAA&x.~.~ x.at Sox.Lp.
Loose Syntax

s:t&s: 11-~ €7t-rWx.s:ucrw; ... , €:7tops:U&tjv &.v 93-94 d~ -rt~ -rWv O"tpanuYrWv ... p.~ E:x7topWv &.AAo n d v-·'1 eva 'i1t1tOV ... , cr't'po
Redundancy -rEAo~

7t&v-rwv ...rrEpa~ 45-46 cruv •0 &p61:pcp A~~u\v 68-69 "'' &i<1jltw, on 141 W~ oU-rw~ for oO't'ux;; 190 xall
130 Indices Ocrou~ e:Upt.crx.ev n-rhlxoUc; ...tx&.Ae:l. o:U-roU.; 539 't'o'i:c; cruvo::vo:xe:Lp.ivmc; crUv l:fJ.oL 590

One:p xo:t rcAeove~La -roiJ-ro OvoJ.L&:.~e-cw.. 622-23 OOcr-re: ...7tA-i}p1jc; &Ae:L7t-r@v x.at &p0p.ci-rwv 7tA'l)pw&t}vo::L -r::Ov olxov 799-800

Gemination Mo Mo 313 crwpouc; crwpouc; 569

Vocabulary and names 1

'A~tcraAWfL 427 v.l. :2;av-<Jiwv 'A~pa~fL 25,423,657,705,706,868-70

&yav-ac w. ace. 430; w. gen. 602 &.yamxw 572, 822 &.y~m1 332 &yw<; 575,581,585,730 (&.v3p~crcv aywc<; monks) 732,740 ( yepovn monk), 772, 775, 776, 784, 800; also in title. For &yw<; yepwv see also yepwv &yxilA"YJ 734, 777 &yvWf.LY)V, ciyvw!J.c.&~w: see &OvoutJ.&.yop~~"' 658 &.ywvl~ofL<XC 723, 785, 787 &.3amxv"Y]TO<; inexhaustible 213

&3eAqn.x6~: -c<X

&De.Aqn.x& crou your share in the inheritance 721

&.3tA
&.wre~acr1:o<;

ever-august 774 c
acpw

1

For the preJX)sitions, see Grammatical index.

132 Indices cl"A"A~Awv

490,570 il"AAT)V another time, again 363 il~~:w.gen.270,543, 777,805,826;xexAT)Xhl<; &~a ~ou<; &oe"A~ou<; au~ou 557; &y.o: Se &xoDcro:t. 117; &.p.a &.rcoq;op-rWmx~ 288; xAo:Lwv &p.o: xo:t 6Aclnwv 825 &~dvwv 655 &!J.Lo:v-co~: &.!J.La:rccu. 783 'A~vc~ 384 'A~vccl~'l' 94, 645 &~~onpoM~w<; 725 &vax.ALvop.o:!. 547 &v~"A~~~clvo~ac: f.l. for &v~c"Aa~~clvo~ac 73 &vot~c~v:Jcrxo~otc: w. ace. 574 &vot~, of Constantine VI 378 &.v&.n-cw: rcA€:ov -r~v &y&.n1jV d:; cdrroUc; e<.VIX7t-roucrr.v

106 &vo:cr-rptcpop.o:c (rco:t.S&:.pwv) lv xo:A1} ve6-r1j'n &vacr-rpo:cpiv 725 'Ave<~o"A~ 27 &va~ipw pick up 634, come up with 636 &vopda 743 &vopfiio<; 375 'Avlh<; (sic G), eldest son ofPhilaretos' youngest daughter Euanthia 479 &vllo<;, of young men prematurely dead 745 "Avvot, OT prophetess 42 &v~c"Aa~~clvo~otc: w. gen 73, w. dat. 111, w. ace. 492 &~lw~ot 331,555,639 &ne
Vocabulary and names

133

&.px_1): &fLoc 3i: &.xoucrocc TI)v &.px_~v ...rrepl -;;ou ~o6c; 117; (give me a calf) eva: xrljcr
&.q>l1)[LL = 1t<Xp<XTl&1j[LL 770 &.q>loo 667 ~o:Aif.VTLOV

608,611,612,628,631 sx_oov ...&.yyii.ov ~if.AAELV TOV cri:-rov 304 734 Bif.p3occ;, eldest son of Philaretos' son John and his wife Irene 484, 713 (ace. Bif.p3oc) ~apew: v6crl" ~ocpoufl-Evoc; 670, cf. VSymSal, ed. Ryden 165, 16 i:~ocp1)&1j de; &cl.vo::rov Bacrlf.ecoc;, G for Moucr1)).wc; 223 ~MLAEU<; king 421, 512; o ~- -.:(;)v ~<WLAcUOV1:WV 556; the heavenly king 667; = the poor 532, 543; the emperor 499, 535 etc.; pl. of Irene and Constantine VI 445; of the kings in heaven 703 ~o:crLAEUoo: ~acrcAeuov-.oc; (v.l. ~occrc).suoucr1)c;) -r'ijc; q>cf-ox_plcr-;;ou Elp1)v1)c; 376; become empress 491 ~<XCYLALXO<;: a[ ~<XcrLALl

. 508 ~lac;: 6 3ep[Lif.nvoc; ~- livestock 206 ~ot3cv 125 ~ou&1jAla young cow 48 ~OUAO[L<XL: ~OUAW<XL 235 ~ou-rlov beehive 249, 353, 356, 361, 362 ~puy[L6c;: XAoclov-.ec; fLEd ~puy[Loil [1-Eyif.).ou 810 Bu~if.v-;;cov 473,497 Bu~if.vnoc; = Bu~ocvnv6c; 602 ~if.AAoo: [L~ ~if.nncr[L<X

fif.yypocc: T'ijc; rr6Aewc; fayypwv 385 faAa-rcx6c;: r. x_wpocc; 6 yoc[L~p6c;, ofPhilaretos' granddaughter's husband 535, 668 fepov-;;cav6c; 492,498 yepoucrloc senate 602 yspwv, ofPhilaretos: 6 yspoov 10 times before the bride-show, 24 times thereafter; 0 eAE1)[LWV y. 4 times; 0 &ywc; y. 4 times,= holy monk 740 yeq>upoc, see &pl~ fewpywc;: the monastery TOil if.ylou r., called'"' Opamocrh:ou 728, 732 y'ij = iiSaq>oc; 581

134 Indices y1jpo:<;, dat. y-,jpec 438 ycyvwcrxw: tvo: fL~ yvwcrn 6 yi:pwv 362 yofL~pcov = y6fLo<; 302 yupeuw look for 137, 138, search 381, 383 OO:CfLOVL~OfLO:C

824

O
Mvo<; 88; ~"IJTOilcro: iipTou<; /;v Mvec 325 Sei;c6c;: the angels 7to:pi:crT"I]O"O:v tx SeE:cwv fCOU 671 oepfL~Tcvo<;: o. ~Lo<; livestock 206 Oi:cr1tocvo:, of the Theotokos 769 oecrJtOT"IJ<;: Tou<; tfLOV<; oecr7t6To:<; my Lordships 400 MxofLo:c, of godfather at baptism 733 O'JfLOnxO<;: btcxwpcoc; xo:l O'JfLOnx.oc; A6yoc; 319 oc~~OAO<; 34, 37 oco:xp~T"IJO"C<;: elc; 0. TOU yi:vou<; 715, cf. ActDavSymGeorg, ed. van den Gheyn 212,30 el<; yi:vou<; ow:oox~v ow.xp[vOfLO:C hesitate 120 occixpccrc<; 160 Sw:Ao:v&civw w. dat. pers. 446 oco:AexT6<;: o. olvo<; choice wine (oc~kx.-co<; G) 413 oco:TcicrcrofL"' give instructions 402-3 ocx~~O:AAOV pair of horses of a soldier 222. Cf. Pseudo-Kodinos, Traite des offices, ed. Verpeaux, 187 olxo:wc;: 6 0. 116 etc.; 6 0. &v-,jp 129 etc.; 0. wv 576 ocoO<"IJT~<; tax collector 330 ooAceuofL"' embezzle (ooAceuovTo:c F-L: ooAeuovTo:c G) 696 oopu'jloplo:, at Philaretos' funeral 807 oouAcxci: Tct o. e<0Twv their servant's house 400, cf. VJoEl, ed. Festugiere, Prol. 177 OOUAO<; 49, 446 opo:yfL~ handful 289 OUVciO"T"IJ<; 394 OWOEXC<ET~c;: owoexo:eT1j xp6vov for twelve years 789 Ea:u-r6~ he ... himself 68 l:yy6v'l 804 iyy6vwv 433 eyywv = eyyovoc; 428,466,554,562,792,833 l:yxcipococ; (l:vx- G) 614 e&o<; 102,606,620,683 elooc; 594, 683 (v.l. for e&oc;) etMc; = too\v 199 el fL~ because 612 Etp"ljv"IJ, the empress Irene 378 Etp~v"IJ, wife of Philaretos' son John 483 dpwvtxW-; 308 olm 56 and passim ( 16 times) txo:TOVTO:TCAe
Vocabulary and names

135

txa~ov~apx~• 220 tx~aAAw take out, fetch 348, 350, 374;

pay 593 ixe:i&v: to the other side 883; -r:Ov E. x6ap.ov 836 ExeLcre: Ex -rWv E. from this world 705

Ex

1tcxv-r6~

surely 373

tx11:optw possess 44, 204, 224; be able !01 tAdw: I:A
tAzw.6vw, 645 SAe~fLOCHJV~ 27, !02, 158 etC. tA<~fLWV 21,413,432,489,504 'EAtv~, daughter of Philaretos' son John, nun 7t0p~" 486, 780 E:Aeq;&v-rt.vo~: 't"p&:rte~o::v E:Aecpav-rbrrrv 418,

in the convent tv

~il ntfL7t~OU

't"p. EAec,?&:.vnvov 409

efL~OAO. 539

'EfL6<; 658, for Ecppwv (Gen. 23: 10) or 'EfLfLWP (Acts 7:16) E:. (}),Awv, E:-rE:pwv dependent on others 97, 619 Z.V&e.v =Ev -rW vUv o::iWvt.. 174

Evde:-lj~:

~v~eo~, of i~P~ri~ command 444 evoxAew nvo: E7tt nvoc; 529 hvrs:U&e::v here, in this world 691

h-cpbtofJ.O:L de; 403-4 tl:,ocAdcpw finish, use up 358 tl:,ocpytw be idle 125, 190 l;l:,tpxofLOCC: tl:,zAM~wcrocv 444 tl:,~vca~ofLoc' break loose 135 t1:,68cov funeral procession 823 trroclpw 68,180,183,191,276,286,562 ErteuAoyE:w, w. ace., bless 317 trrzuxofLoc', w. dat. or ace., bless 244, 583, 710, 794 Em.xoupLo::: ~acrr.A!.x~ E. 218

tmAocvMvofLOCC, mostly w. ace., forget !02, 114, 194,528,530,550,599,621 t7tmol'ltw love 751 bttcr7tou06c; urgent 225 tm~lfLWV penalty clause 71 , , ~ret. -r~o1t1j ~rder ~92 E1tLX(t)Pt..Oc;: e. XO:.t. s1jfl.O't'LXOt; Aoyoc; 319 trrol:,[~w, w. dat., become cross with 301 epOCfLOCC: ~p<XcrlhjcrOCV V.J. for ~y<XcrlJ~crocv 430 i:pya~OfLOCC: l:pyo:cr&fL~V 182, elpyaccrfLtvov 566 E:cr·nv: v.l. for dviX1. 394; -rYj; &uya-rp6<; p.ou ...-&uyo:-rip~;;-; -rpd<; 442-3; &<; .:. 313 tcru 339 Ecrx.a-ro-;: EcrxtA-rov OE: nci.v-roov last of all girls 504 Eoocvll[oc, Philaretos' youngest daughter, wife of Michael 19, 476

e.

Eoo:vllloc, third daughter of Philaretos' elder daughter Hypatia, said to have married Argouses, king of the Lombards 478, see also 51 Iff. cU-&ioo<;: eU. f.LE:"td: crnou01j<; 118 e0x6crfLCO' beautiful 847 zDAoytw, usually w. ace., but w. dat. 781 etc.; eOAoytw trrl ~6 + inf. 714

136

Indices

.Oi
-r0 &e:0 btL

+ dat. 79


8 alms 611

~youfteV1J 652,654 ~OUvofi.O:L btL, w. dat., 507 ~xw carne 256 ltauflol~w t1tL w. dat598 0z6Swpo;: Niketas born on the day of the martyr Th., probably Th. Teron, feastday 17 February, and baptized in his church 772, 773 ltwaz~~;, ofTheosebo 245, 273,306,315,904 ®eoae~w (sic ~V), or 0eoae~ou, Philaretos' wife 16 (ace. -ouv), 299, (gen. -oil;), 310 (gen. -ou,) lfeOTOXO' 769, 778, 784, 787 ltewpLa appearance 423 ltAL~oft"" 2nd pers. sing. ltAL~ek 1t0TE 'lw~ 35; TOV veov 'lw~ 313 'lw
x"lte~ofl"" /;x"lte~eTo "'"'"'""" 247; xalte~ofleV1J ...v't)crn, 322

x.o:.B-'EviX.: x. Exo::cr't'ov 792

Vocabulary and names

137

xaL, seemingly displaced: xctC. &p1Jv~crn nAiov crou for&p. xa:~ rcAkov crou 126 Xctt.p6~: ev xar.p0 x.o:.t rte)~lcr:wlh 141 xo:~6p3tvo: in tum 502 xo:~oxevw: x. ~0 ~uyiJ put under the yoke 140f. KaUx.o'.;, v.l. EU&pe-ro~, a man possessed by an unclean spirit 818 xe'Awcrt<;: l:vlteo<; x. imperial command 444f. xe'Aevw order, want, decide 457, 613, 629 XA>)~opevw invite 518 XA1)~6ptov banquet 523, dining-hall 547 xovil6<;: et.; xovil6v soon 350 xrhco<;;: &rtO x6nou tired 450 x6n-rw: &p'Yjvov f.dyo:v x6tf!C(crihxt. 744 x6cr~o<; this world 753, the other world 689 Kocr~ou, daughter of Philaretos' younger daughter Euanthia 480 xou~o:A0 carry piecemeal 314 xou~ov>
KwvcrTavnvolmoAt.~ 908

Aayxci.vw: t:Aa.xev o:U-rot~ &.v.X rtiv't'e: p.oOLwv 340 '1) 653; 832 t-o:upii~ov model portrait of imperial bride 469 "Aeucrx'l~ovew, v.l. for"Aeuxec~ovew 861 A'Jcr~ovew 371 'Al ~pet (Akpe<;) 597, 846 Aoyyl~<XpOot: 6 ~(;;v Aoyyt~&:p3wv ~o:crtAev<; 512 AUwxcr-ro<;, name of Philaretos' protovestiarios 609 'A&:pvo:~ 6 v.l.

138 Indices l
a poisonous herb 179

f!.e
imperial guard 553

f!.ii'l-1-ov: xexpcxo: f!.ii'l-1-ov decided it would be better 208; fl.· f!.~ ...&lS(c)ov 287,292,303,312,341 11-olpo: share 295, 341, 592 !J.OVe
"''*

vo:l, expressing resentment, 150, 260 ve6't'1jt;: you will die Ev Tfi ve:6-r1j-rL crou 720; Ev x.o:):(j ve6't'1jn &vctcr-rpo:q;Ev 725; 't'cX 'd).; ve6-rr,-coc; 730; -cocraU-rn ve::6-r1J't"!. ...nept.xe:L~J.evoL 742 ve6
Vocabulary and names

139

Ntxirro:<;, second son of Philaretos' daughter Euanthia 480 VO[Lt<J[L<X 589, 607 VOUfl[Y 607, 609 vup.q;Wv: -ref> btoup<XvL~ v. 791

l;evo.; 701, 743; d l;evo: far away, a far country 238 606~: d~ 600v f.L<Xxp&v 189; &reO 60oiJ n:oAAYj; after a long journey 450;

&px~ &yo:~~- 68ou 790 oiilo: see: d8w.; 199 ol.x.i-r"f}~ 14 OALyoc;: npOc; OALyov 735 oAt ywpew feelfaint or giddy 133 OflO~Ufl<XMv together, in all597 OflOW<; w. gen. 436, 702, 737 ovofl<X~w mention, specify 612 onop:;;o onep 530 Orcou: OOc; alrtO 8TCou &kAe:u; 294 Orr we; introducing independent clause 567 opy~: opy~v &netAOUVTO<; 229 opxo<;: [LeW opxou 630, fl£~' opxwv 900; flETcX opxou 200, 211f. opvt<; hen 405,413 oTt, forwcr;;e 159, 198,201 , 743; pleonastic afterw<; 141, afterxo:~w<; 405 oU't'wc;: We; oU't'wc; so that anyway 190

no:tMpw v 18, 432, 440, 724 7t<Xt8lov 441, 748,750 ,752 no:tSlcrX'fj 49,291, 294 1tQA<Xt, f.l. for naAtY 454 no:M;;wv the imperial palace 527, 534, 537, 538, 637, 646 11:
no:pp1jcrLa 95 n:iic;: n6:v-cwv of all the girls 504; nciv-rac; n:avmx.d ...TY)v cruyy€:ve:w::v 518; E:x nav-r6.; surely 373 1t<X'Cplxw<; 510,533 ,543 """Pl<; home village(?) 905 naUofLCO.. , w. gen. 710; w. ace. 768~ w. dat. or ace. 44 llo:
140

Indices

flotq>Aotywv: f.v xwpq. ~;;,v fl. 5 rceA&:(ofL"'" rc. et<; ~a ~zvot go abroad 238 fleA07tOVV1)<JOS 902 flz[J.rc~ou, the Theotokos monastery called ev '<1j 7t0V1)<; 38, 215,595,599,679,700 rcevlot 47,80,615,620,681

flz[Lrc~ou rc6p~q.

787

1t
rczprx<; at last 46 1tepoi:w 879, 883. 884; see also rcepvoi:w rceptexA&:[J.rcw 462 (not in LSJ Suppl., Soph., Lampe, Du Cange), cf. rceptA&:[L7tw 7tepcxcodw grow tired 153 rceplx<e[Lott, w. dat. 743 7tEptA&:[L7tW 437f.; see also rceptexA&:fL"'"' 7t
of a cow greeting its calf, 272; as v.l. 399

1teptcr1toi:O[Lott 402 rceptcr7tot<J[LO<; 546 nepLcrcreta: xcx:rO: 7tepLcrcret.o:v (w. this accent) 14 rcepcxpucr6w: rceptxexrucrw[J.evoc; 418f. 1tEpvoi:w 882 flepcr1J<; (meaning Persian or Arab?) 906 fle~poc;, third son of Philaretos' daughter Euanthia, 480 fle~pwviic;, only son of Philaretos' daughter Hypatia, brother

of the empress Maria, spathatios and member of the imperial guard 478 Tt!.c:rreUw, w. tv believe in 613; w. ace. entrust somebody with 695 rcA&:ywc;: ex ~'ijc; 7tAayla<; through the side door411 1tAtwv: 'f.:va 1tAdova ~t.WOf1 m:iv-rwv -r&>v ... 753; 1tAdova xocprlv (x&.pt.v ~V) 106 rcAYjlto.;: -rO rtA. -roD ovveA&6v-roc; 546 rcA~p"t)<;: 7tA~p1J<; ...&pw[Loi:~wv 7tA1Jpw&ijvott ~ov otxov 799 7tA1Jp6w finish 335, 664, 726, 798 7tAOU<Jto<; 7,163,617,698

7tAov't'tw 57 rcAoilToc; 65; ~ov

rcA. 687f.; ~ov rcotp6v~ot rcA. 682 uL6.; godson 746

o:tcr&tj~ov

7tVEUfLC<'t't.x6c;: 1tv.

1to&E:w, w. ace. love 676 rc6lloc;: Sea ~ov crov 1t6llov because of our love for you 775 not-Eoo: rfjv €p.~v !Lo'Lpav aU rtot.e'lc; 295; rtpO.; ~aatAE:av oU 7tot.e1c; you are not good enough for an emperor 500f. 1toioc; 466;-rO Oe noLov oUx Wv6{Lo:~ev 612 1toMc;: 7tAoucrt6<; ecrn rcoM 163; XP'iifL" 1toAU 200f. fi6v-roc;: 't'Wv &nO ll. xo:i fo:Aanx_ijc; xWpo:c; 6-7; Sv -rot.; xALp.am. OAou ~ou fl. 436f. ~'* fLEP'Y) ~ou 06v-rou 382 -r:Ov mJp(.VOV 837 the monastery of StGeorge called ~a Ilp. 729 rcpooi:crnov 10, 50, 727, 739 npoXO(.fJ.&.Of.L<X(. die before 756 npop.ocrEAAo::: tnno(. xo::t ~fJ.Lovm -r:lj<; np. saddle horses and mules 9f. 7tporc€[Lrcw 696, 700 7tpocrott~~<; (w. this accent) 22, 622 7tO't<X{L6r:;: -r:Ov

1t.

Ilpotmocrl~ou, ~a:

Vocabula ry and names npocr1t't'Ucrcro~ctt.: o::U-roU~

141

399, 't"oi.; nocrtv o:lrcoU 581

np6't'epov = npW't'ov 23 7tp6'f'"""' way, method 46 7tpwToi3wTc)(6; 43, 81, 401, 539, 598 etc. p
142

Indices

cruv6[-tt.Ao~: cruv611-r.,Acu. 1:Yj~ ...&e:o-r6xou 784 cruvTl1tE:fL"" promise 529 (cruvll
643

TotTd: (gen.) daddy 889; see D.J. Georgakas in Jlpl:'dov roiJ @pocxtxoiJ Aaoypocj:>tXoiJ xai FJ.tMITtxoiJ @l'j(TOCUpoiJ, 14 (1947-48) 204-6 T< v.!.forM 285 t'eAEw, w. Urc6 and gen., belong to the jurisdiction of 385 Tow<;: T. 7tpo<; ,;lpotv 232; T. TTJV YifL
n<;: nv
't'owU-coc;:

-rLvt. 570

t' ....O·n.

= -rocroU-rov ...Wcr-re: 158

TOL<; fLEV ... 't'OL<; Si =ol fLEV ... ol M 617-18 -roU-ro therefore 267 1'pd:7t<~o:, a round table inlaid with gold and ivory and seating 36 men 408-9, 418-20 1'piXALVO<; 408,416,417 "Pixo:, see &pi~ 't'pofLd:crcrw, of a dying ox 179 't'potpMnw howl, of one possessed by an unclean spirit 825 D7t<XVTd:w, w. dat. 460, w. ace. 398 'Y1to:Tiot, Philaretos' elder daughter, a widow, mother of the empress Maria, 19, 475 'Y7to:1'io:, youngest daughter of Philaretos' son John, dead before 792, 486 'Y7to:1'io:, younger daughter of Philaretos' second daughter Euanthia480 Um:.('rbuv = Uno::n.xOv &:~Loov.a 639 D1tEPfLC<Xo<;, of St Theodore 773 D7to~uywv donkey 317 Uttoxci!Ltcrov under-shirt 368 D1tOfLEVw wait for(?) 890 UcrT
q;aLvofLat.:
Vocabulary and names

143

LMpe•o<; Sf., 128, 231, 331,333 etc.; <1>. 6 'AfLVLGt'r'tJ<; 94, 645 LMpe-co<;, fourth son ofPhi1aretos' son John 485 LMpeTo<;, fourth son of Phi1aretos' daughter Euanthia 480 'flLA01tTWXO<; 93