Midrash and Multiplicity (Studia Judaica)

STEVEN DANIEL SACKS MIDRASH AND MULTIPLICITY

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S TUDIA JUDAICA F OR SC H U NGE N Z U R W I S S E N S C H A F T D E S JUDE N T U M S

B E G RÜ N D E T VON E. L. E H R L I CH H E R AU S G E G E B E N VON G. S T E M B E RG E R

BAN D XLVIII

WA LT E R D E G R U Y T E R · B E R L I N · N E W YO R K

MIDRASH AND MULTIPLICITY P IR KE DE -R AB BI EL IE ZE R AND THE RENEWAL OF RAB BI NI C I NT ERPR ET IVE CULTURE BY S TE VE N DAN IE L S ACKS

WA LT E R D E G R U Y T E R · B E R L I N · N E W YO R K

앝 Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI 앪 to ensure permanence and durability.

ISBN 978-3-11-020922-8 ISSN 0585-5306 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

쑔 Copyright 2009 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in Germany Cover Design: Christopher Schneider, Laufen

‫לאבי‬ ‫‪Barry Aubrey Sacks‬‬ ‫כעבור סופה ואין רשע‬ ‫וצדיק יסוד עולם‬ ‫)משלי י‪:‬כה(‬

Acknowledgements The author of this work is greatly indebted to many who have moved this project from conception to the present form, but only has the pleasure to list few here. The inspiration for this work originated under the tutelage of Professor Michael Fishbane, who illuminated the beauty and complexity of midrash for me, and remains my paradigm as a scholar. I am also eternally grateful for the guidance of Professor Jonathan Z. Smith, and cannot duly express my gratitude to him for his kindness and attention to detail throughout my efforts. Professor Lewis Barth was instrumental with his early support for this project, and his extraordinary hospitality. Similarly, I owe my deepest thanks to Professors Rivka Ulmer and Carol Bakhos for their criticism and support for this project. My colleagues, Professors Joseph Molleur and Ahmed Souaiaia are a paradigm of kindness and support, and for all things I owe them my deepest gratitude. I would also like to acknowledge the diligent efforts of my assistant, Alyssa McMullin, who prepared the indices in this work with great patience. Finally, and not least, I would like to acknowledge the support of my family, who have made all things possible.



Table of Contents Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii

PRE and the History of Rabbinic Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

Literary Arrangement in PRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Narrative and the Phenomenon of Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Context of Thematic Discourse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analogy and “Bound Themes” in PRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17 22 32 36

PRE and Pseudepigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Eliezer as Author, Pseudonym or Archetype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission and Tradents in PRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix: Geonic Hebrew and Pseudepigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42 53 59 82

PRE and the Language of Scripture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exegetical Terminology in PRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PRE’s Exegetical Expansions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix: Legal Authority and Scriptural Innovation in PRE . . .

88 90 100 109

PRE and the Rabbinic Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical Vocabulary in PRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quotation and Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mythic Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix: PRE, Ishmael and Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120 122 135 145 157

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

168

Select Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

171

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

175

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Select Bibliography Adelman, Rachel The Poetics of Time and Space in the Midrashic Narrative – The Case of Pirke deRabbi Eliezer (Doctoral Thesis: Hebrew University) 2008. Albeck, Chanoch. “Agadot im Lichte der Pseudepigraphen.” Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums 83 (1939): 162–169. ——–. Midrash Bereshit Rabbati. Jerusalem: 1940. Bacher, Wilhelm. Die exegetische Terminologie der jüdischen Traditionsliteratur. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1905. Bakker, T. Pirke de Rabbi Eliëzer Perek 25: een literaire analyse of Een rechtvaardiging van Loth in Sodom. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Godgeleerdheid, 1994. Barth, Lewis. “Lection for the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah: A Homily Containing the Legend of the Ten Trials of Abraham.” (in Hebrew) Hebrew Union College Annual 58 (1987): 1–48 (Hebrew Section). ——–. “Genesis 15 and the Problems of Abraham’s Seventh Trial.” Maarav 8 (1992): 245–263. ——–. “‘The Ban and the ‘Golden Plate’: Interpretation in Pirqe d’Rabbi Eliezer 38.” In The Quest for Context and Meaning: Studies in Biblical Intertextuality in Honor of James A. Sanders (Craig A. Evans and Shemaryahu Talmon Eds.) Leiden: Brill 1997, 625–639. ——–. “Is Every Medieval Hebrew Manuscript a New Composition? The Case of Pirqé Rabbi Eliezer.” At http://www.usc.edu/dept/huc-la/preproject/agendas.html Beit-Arie, Malachi. “Transmission of Texts by Scribes and Copyists: Unconcious and Critical Interferences” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75 (1993): 33–51. Bowker, John The Targums and Rabbinic Literature: an Introduction to Jewish Interpretations of Scripture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969. Börner-Klein, Dagmar. Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2004. Bregman, Marc. “Pseudepigraphy in Rabbinic Literature.” At http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/ symposiums/2nd/papers/Bregman97.html Brody, Robert. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Charles, R. H. The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon, 1913. Dan, Joseph. HaSipur HaIvri Be-Yemei HaBenayim. Jerusalem: Keter, 1974.

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Drory, Rina. Models and Contacts: Arabic Literature and its Impact on Medieval Jewish Culture. Leiden: Brill, 2000. Elbaum, Jacob. “On the Character of Late Midrashic Literature.” (in Hebrew) In Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division C: Jewish Thought and Literature, World Union of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem, 1986, 57–62. ——–. “From Sermon to Story.” Prooftexts 6 (1986): 97–109. ——–. “Rhetoric, Motif and Subject Matter – Toward an Analysis of Narrative Technique in Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer.” (in Hebrew) Jerusalem Studies in Folklore 13–14 (1991–1992): 99–126. ——–. “Yalkut Shim‘oni and the Medieval Midrashic Anthology.” Prooftexts 17 (1997): 133–151. Fishbane, Michael. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon, 1985. ——–. Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon, 2003. Friedlander, Gerald. Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer. New York: Hermon Books, 1981. Ginzberg, Louis. Geonica. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1909. ——–. Ginzei Schechter. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1929. ——–. On Jewish Law and Lore. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1955. ——–. Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1968. Goitein, S. D. Jews and Arabs. New York: Schocken, 1955. Gottlieb, Z. “Targum Yonatan ben Uziel on the Torah.” Melilah 1 (1944): 26– 34. Gottlieb, Zvi. Critical Edition of the Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer (unpublished). Jerusalem: 1983. Green, William Scott. “What’s in a Name? The Problematic of Rabbinic ‘Biography.’” In Approaches to Judaism: Theory and Practice, pp. 77–96. Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1978. Greizenach, M. Ueber die Kalenderregeln in den Pirke R. Elieser,” Israelitische Annalen 2 (1840): 140–141. Grünbaum, Max. Neue Beiträge zur Semitischen Sagenkunde. Leiden: Brill, 1893. Hayward, Robert. “Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer and Targum Pseudo-Jonathan.” Journal of Jewish Studies 42 (1991): 215–246. Heinemann, Joseph. Aggadot v’Toldotehen. Jerusalem: Keter, 1974. Heller, Bernhard. “Muhammedanisches und Antimuhammedanisches in den Pirke R. Eliezer.” Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums 69 (1925): 47–54. ——–. “Ginzberg’s Legends of the Jews.” Jewish Quarterly Review 24–25 (1933–1935): 51–66, 165–190, 281–307, 393–418.

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Herr, Moshe David. “Pirke deRabbi Eliezer.” Encyclopedia Judaica, Volume 13. Jerusalem: Keter, 1971, 558-560. Hezser, Catherine. The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997. Jacobs, Louis. “Are There Fictitious Baraitot in the Babylonian Talmud?” Hebrew Union College Annual 42 (1971): 185–196. ——–. “How Much of the Babylonian Talmud is Pseudepigraphic?” Journal of Jewish Studies 28 (1977): 46–59. Kugel, James L. In Potiphar’s House: The Interpretive Life of Biblical Texts Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994. Lévi, Isadore. “Éléments Chrétiens dans le Pirké Rabbi Eliézer.” Revue des Ẻtudes Juives 28 (1889): 83–89. Luria, R. David. Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer. New York: Or, 1940. Mandelbaum, Bernard. Pesikta de Rav Kahana. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1987. Milikowsky, Chaim. “The Status Quaestionis of Research in Rabbinic Literature.” Journal of Jewish Studies 39 (1988): 201–211. Mirsky, Aaron. Piyyutei Yosi ben Yosi. Jerusalem: Bialik, 1977. Ohana, Moise. “La polémique judéo-islamique et l’image d’Ishmael dans Targum Pseudo-Jonathan et dans Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer.” Augustinianum 15 (1975): 367–387. Pérez Fernández, Miguel. Los Capítulos de Rabbí Eliezer. Valencia: 1984. ——–. “Sobre Los Textos Mesianicos del Targum Pseudo-Jonatán y del Midrás Pirqé de Rabbí Eliezer.” Estudios Bíblicos 45 (1987): 39–55. Rabinowitz, Zvi M. R. “Kit’ei Genizah M’Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer.” Bar-Ilan Annual 16 (1979): 100–111. Rubenstein, Jeffrey. “From Mythic Motifs to Sustained Myth: The Revision of Rabbinic Traditions in Medieval Midrashim.” Harvard Theological Review 89 (1996): 131–159. Sandmel, Samuel. “Parallelomania.” Journal of Biblical Literature 81 (1962): 1–13. Schäfer, Peter. “Research Into Rabbinic Literature: An Attempt to Define the Status Quaestionis.” Journal of Jewish Studies 37 (1986): 139–152. ——–. “Once Again the Status Quaestionis of Research in Rabbinic Literature: An Answer to Chaim Milikowsky.” Journal of Jewish Studies 40 (1989): 89–94. Scholem, Gershom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. New York: Schocken, 1995. Shinan, Avigdor. Targum v’Aggadah Bo. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1992.

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General Index Abraham, Ten Trials of 5, 28, 29-32, 39, 84-85, 96, 116, 138 Adam 28, 39, 111-112, 140 Amidah (See Shemoneh Esreh) Arak, Eliezer b. (R.) 59, 68-75 Attributions 3, 14, 42-52, 59-81 (See Author, Pseudepigraphy) Anthology 5-7, 8, 17-22, 49-52, 123, 139 (See also Digression) Apocrypha (See Hellenism) Author 2-4, 14, 18, 24-26, 39, 42-44, 49-59 (See also Attributions, Pseudepigraphy) Bakhos, Carol 157 Barth, Lewis 12, 29, 50-51 Ben Azzai (R.) 59-60, 75-80 Berekiah (R.) 130

Bilaam 164-165 Bregman, Marc 47-49 Calendar 5, 33-36, 57, 109 Christianity (Literature) 6, 56

Editorialism 7-10, 17-21, 25-26, 3638, 40, 90-92, 100-101, 122-128 Elbaum, Jacob 4, 5, 7, 13, 17-19, 36-40, 75, 82-84, 88, 90, 100101, 120, 122-124 Eliezer (R.) (See Hyrcanos)

Circumcision 30, 57, 95-100, 109, 114119

Elijah 55, 114-119

Citations of PRE 1, 20

Esau 30, 101-107

Classical Interpretation, Character of 1, 3-12, 15, 17, 19, 58 (See Geonic)

Eschatology (See Messiah)

Clusters 15-16, 39-40, 90, 94, 100108, 121-122, 136, 144, 145, 146, 153, 156, 170 Creation, Days of 28-29, 34-36, 109, 127, 131, 140 Descents, Ten Divine 20, 28, 31 Digression 4-7, 18-22, 24-26, 31, 35-36, 123-124, 127-128 (See “Anthology”)

Even Shetiyah 146-156 Fishbane, Michael 130 Forgery (See Pseudepigraphy) Foucault, Michel 50 Friedlander, Gerald 4, 12, 29, 33, 42-44, 86 Geiger, Abraham 24-25, 160 Ginzberg, Louis 24-25, 160

176

General Index

Goitein, S.D. 159

Joseph 155

Passover, Night of 37, 39-40

Hagar 161-166

Kahana, Abba b. (R.) 71

Pirqoi ben Baboi 53

Hebrew (Language) 3, 45, 50, 82-87

Piyyutim 5

Hekhalot (Literature) 5

Kingdoms, Four 39, 57, 84-85 (See Messiah) Lakish, Simeon b. (R.) 59, 75-80, 129

Hellenism (Literature) 5, 6, 9, 22-23, 42-44, 57, 82-83

Liturgy 110-113 (See Shemoneh Esreh)

Heinemann, Joseph 4, 5, 18, 23-25, 33, 37, 100, 120, 157, 161

Luria, David (R.) 12, 20, 61, 77-78, 83, 87

Huna (R.) 70, 73 Hyrcanos, Eliezer b. (R.) 2-3, 14, 42, 49-50, 5359, 98 Inner-Canonical 11, 14-16, 121, 136, 141, 144, 146, 148, 151, 153156, 164-166, 169-170 Isaac 30, 96, 163-164 Ishmael 30, 84, 157-167

Manuscripts 12-13, 19-20, 50-52 Messiah 55, 57, 84, 99, 101-107, 158 (See Kingdoms, Four) Moses 55, 57, 73, 110, 138 Nahmani, Samuel b. (R.) 129 Narrative 4-8, 17-33, 37, 127 Natronai Gaon 53

Islam 3, 5, 8, 10, 24-26, 56, 91, 157-167

Neusner, Jacob 46-47, 78

Jacob 30, 101-107, 146-155

Origins (See Author)

Jonah 27-29, 35-36

Paschal Offering 39, 95-100

Prayer (See Liturgy) Pseudepigraphy 4, 14, 42-87 Pseudepigrapha, Rabbinic 9, 42-44 (See Hellenism, Pseudepigraphy) Pseudepigrapha, Second Temple (See Hellenism) Rewritten Bible 5, 9, 18, 22-24, 87 (See Narrative) Rubenstein, Jeffrey 123, 126-131 Sa’adya Gaon 8 Sarah 29, 39, 163 Scholem, Gershom 153 Second Temple Period (See Hellenism) Shemoneh Esreh 20, 110 (See Liturgy) Sinai 47, 69-74, 169

177

General Index Smith, Morton 52 Solomon 86-87 Stein, Dina 54-56, 89, 136-138 Stern, Sacha 33-35, 47-49, 80 Targum PseudoJonathan 6

Temple 37, 57, 107, 147, 153154, 158-159, 161 Tahna (R.) 59, 61-68 Tradition Building 11-12, 15-16, 64, 90, 107, 120-121, 133, 136, 140, 144-146, 168-170 Vermes, Geza 22

Yohai, Simeon b. (R.) 73 Yohanan (R.) 70-73 Zunz, Leopold 2-4, 12-14, 19-20, 23, 42, 49, 56, 59-77, 82, 110, 115, 124, 137-140, 157-158

178

Hebrew Terms

Hebrew Terms ’ain X ketiv kan eleh Y 92-97

lamah 132-133

patah 90

be’otah sha’ah 131-132

mah ‘asah 131

sharid ya‘akov 101-107

ha‘olam ‘omed 140-145

mashal 90

hetkinu hachamim 112-115

mikan amru hachamim/ mikan atah lamed 136-137

shene’emar 91 v’elu hen 133-134

ketuv ehad (aher) omer 91-92 ki mah ra’ah hakatuv lomar shtei pa‘amim 95-100

minayin 91 mi-yad 123-133

179

References to Biblical and Rabbinic Literature

References to Biblical and Rabbinic Literature Hebrew Bible Genesis 15:9 21:10 25:1 :5-6 :12-16 :23 28:22 33:9 :14 :20 49:24 Exodus 12:23

84 163 163 163 164 105-106 147-148, 151-153 105 105 149 155

15:8 24:6 32:16 33:6

95n, 96, 99 154n 71n 72n 73

Leviticus 9:24

93-94

Numbers 11:2 12:1 24:15-25 :19 25:15

93-94 67 164-165 103-106 117

Deuteronomy 2:3 105 32:35 107 :39 98-99 II Samuel 18:21

65n

I Kings 19:10

116

Lamentations 2:13 70

Isaiah 28:24

84n

Song of Songs 3:7-8 69n

Jeremiah 17:10 38:7 :12

79n 66 65-66

Ezekiel 16:6 :10 25:14

96-100, 71n, 73 102n

Hosea 8:10

85

Obadiah 1:18

103-107

Malachi 3:1 :23

116 116-117

Psalms 7:1 11:2-3 20:8 50:7 82:6-7 90:4 103:5 135:7

65n 149-150 150 71n 70, 74 3n 71n, 72n 131n

Proverbs 10:25

149n

Daniel 2:34

106-107

Job 12:18 37:6

70, 73 154n

I Chronicles 1:32 22:9

163 86

180

References to Biblical and Rabbinic Literature

Rabbinic Literature Pirke Avot 46, 137-145 1:2 137-145 2:5 139n :9 138n :10 138n 3:11 139n :14 138n 4:11 76, 79, 137 144-145 :21 137-139 5:3 137-139 :6 137-140 6:6 48, 85, 139-140 Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 59b 34n Shabbat 88a 72-74 Yoma 54b 147-148 Ta’anit 8a-b 129 Megillah 15a 48n, 138n 18a 2n, 148n Moed Katan 16b 59, 62-65 Hagigah 12a 129-130 Gittin 47a 77n Baba Metzia 84a 77n Baba Bathra 8a 85 74b 129 Avodah Zarah 10b 104n Hullin 104b 48n, 138n Niddah 19b 48n

Palestinian Talmud Berakhot 4a Terumot 8:5 Pesachim 4:4 Rosh Hashana 2.4, 58a Gittin 4:9

86n 77n 150n 34n 77n

Midrash Mekhilta Ishmael Bo 5 12 21 Beshallah 6

de-Rabbi 96-97 104n 86n 104n

Mekhilta de-Rabbi Simeon b. Yohai 15:7 104n Sifrei to Numbers 86 93n 99 65-66 119 147n Sifrei Zuta 11:2 12

93n 65n

Avot de-Rabbi Natan (A) 6 54n (A) 39 79 (B) 13 54n Kalla

48n

Genesis Rabba 5:2 130-131 :4 130-131 13:6 128-129 42:1 54n 45:11 86n 51:3 129 75:11 149-150 77:20 104n 79:20 148 Exodus Rabba 17:3 97n 19:5 97n 32:7 74n Leviticus Rabba 11:3 74n 13:2 69n 16:4 169 21:10 116n 36:4 149n Ecclesiastes Rabba 7:1 77n 8:3 74n 9:1 59 Lamentations Rabba 20 69n Song of Songs Rabba 1:5 96-97 4:1 59, 68, 69-73 5:20 97n 7:3 116n Ruth Rabba 6:1

97n

Peskita de-Rav Kahana 4:4 74n 6:4 97-98 16:3 59, 69-73

181

References to Biblical and Rabbinic Literature Pesikta Rabbati 12 104n 13 104n 14 73n 17 97n 21 69n 33 71 PRE 1-2 1 3

4 5 6-8 6 7 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

2, 54-59, 74, 125 90n 2, 54, 57n, 82n, 90n, 141, 144n, 154n 57n 56, 125131 33-36 134, 141 34, 39n, 141-144 57n, 141142 6n, 2729, 30, 32, 36, 96n, 144n 132 137-139, 141-142 90n, 137139 39n 57n 137-141 112-114, 140 90n 90n, 137140, 141 111-112, 132 37, 39, 40, 144n 37, 39n, 132-133

23

24 25

26-31 26

27 28

29

30 31 32

33 34 35

36 37 38

62, 82n, 113-114, 122, 136137, 144n 31, 39n, 57n 29, 30, 37, 37n, 132, 141, 142 29-32 30-31, 37, 39n, 39-40, 137–139 30, 37, 39n, 40 30, 37, 39, 40, 84-87, 141, 142 30, 61n, 62, 95100, 113115 29-30, 134, 158166 32, 37, 90n 30, 37, 39, 40, 86-87, 101-107, 165 39n, 57n, 61n, 62, 144n 57n, 82n, 90n, 98100, 134 37, 82n, 101-107, 140n, 146-156 39n, 140n 101-107, 109 37, 37n,

39 40 41 42 43

44 46

47

48 49 50

51 53 54

39n, 96n, 133, 144n 96n 39n, 90n, 110, 140n 82n, 96n, 137, 140n 27n, 39n, 131, 144n 28n, 5960, 7580, 82n, 137-139, 144-145 83n, 137139 59, 61, 63n, 83n, 114-115, 132, 141142 37, 83n, 117-118, 137-139, 144n 37, 90n, 96n 61n, 62 37, 39n, 40, 49, 83n, 137140 140n 59, 6167, 92-94 37, 37n

Midrash Psalms 7:18 65n 19:11 34n 91:2 150n :7 147n 93:5 127n, 130n 103:8 75n 114:5 97n

182

References to Biblical and Rabbinic Literature

Aggadat Bereshit 59 104n 65 86n

Otzar Hamidrashim p. 27 127n p. 253 154n

Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon 7n, 46, 67

Bereshit Rabbati Gen. 28:22 147n

Midrash Avkir 155-156

Baraitha de-Shemuel 34

Yalkut Reubeni V’Yeshev 181 155n

Rashi to Gen. 33:20 to Num. 11:2 to Obad. 1:18

148n 93n 103n

Tanhuma 168 (Buber, unless noted) Lech L’cha 10 54n Ve’eira 4 (W) 97n Ve’eira 9 71, 71n Toledot 11 149n Tetzaveh 7 71n, 72n Tetzaveh 11 (W) 71-74 Bamidbar 22 48n Hukkat 18 74n

Yalkut Shim‘oni Bereshit 8 127n Bereshit 45 86n Lech Lecha 80 63n Lech Lecha 86 84n Toledot 110 104n V’Yetze 120 147n V’Yishlah 133 148n V’Yeshev 145 155 Yitro 387 72 Ki Tissa 392 63n Bhalotekha 732 93n I Kings 300 86n Isaiah 441 72 Jeremiah 297 79n Ezekiel 355 73n Psalms 858 71 Proverbs 935 71

Nachmanides to Gen. 28:17 to Gen. 33:20 to Ex. 33:7 to Yeb. 71b

147n 149n 115n 115n

Tanna deBei Eliyahu Zuta 4 71, 77n 17 48n Tanna deBei Eliyahu Rabba 3 116n Midrash Aggadah 17:26 63n Midrash Haserot V’Yeterot 86n Sechel Tov Bereshit 17

Targum PseudoJonathan Numbers 11:26 20n Targum Jonathan Ezekiel 16:6 97n

R. David Kimhi To Jud 20:28 118n to Jer. 38:7 66n to I Kings 17:1 118n Mahzor Vitri 505 Zohar I 72a I 111a I 231a III 215a III 239b-240a Zohar Hadash I 47a II Ruth 42a

Midrash HaGadol Genesis 28:18 147n 116n Seder Tannaim veAmoraim 7n, 46

115n 16, 118119, 150-156 151-156 154n 152-153 118n 154n 151n, 152n 118n

Cordovero, Moses (R.) Or Yakar to Zohar I 72a 153-155