Miscellaneous Reader. Part I. Учебные задания для обучения базовым умениям чтения

Министерство образования Российской Федерации Восточно-Сибирский государственный технологический университет

Miscellaneous Reader Part I

Учебные задания Miscellaneous Reader. Part I составлены для обучения ознакомительному чтению студентов I – II курсов очной и заочной формы обучения (Pre-Intermediate Level). Задания могут использоваться для обеспечения СРС под руководством преподавателя, а также в формате дистанционного обучения. Информационную базу учебных заданий составляют аутентичные тексты, заимствованные из учебных пособий зарубежных издательств: -

Учебные задания для обучения базовым умениям чтения

Под редакцией Составители

Протасовой Т.Д. О.В. Гергесовa Н.В. Леденева С.С. Мантатова Е.А. Малахинова

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New Interchange. English for international communication. Jack. C. Richards, Cambridge University Press; Headway. John and Liz Soars, Oxford University Press; Language in Use, Adrian Doff and Christopher Jones, Cambridge University Press.

Учебные задания (разделы Pre-reading, Word power, Reading) направлены на развитие смысловой и языковой догадки, расширение словарного запаса, умений извлекать информацию из прочитанного, логически выстраивать цепочку событий и явлений. Задания на After-reading discussion могут быть использованы на аудиторных занятиях для развития умений подготовленного высказывания. Ключевые слова: actress, eating, airport, job, traveling, holiday, wonder, education, language, new technologies.

ВСГТУ 2004

JOAN CHEN Pre – reading task. I. Read the text and say who it is about. a. an interesting artist b. a well-known film star c. a Hollywood agent

c. d. e. f. g. h.

Left school and studied at a film studio Starred in The Last Emperor. Studied film in college Moved to the United States Was born in China in 1961 Got her first part in a TV show Joan Chen

Word power. II. Guess the meaning of the following words. actress / actor(n) director(n) producer(n)

agent(n) film studio TV show

III. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. chance (n) 2. discover (v) 3. award (n) 4. move (v) 5. major (v) 6. look for (v) 7. notice (v) 8. immediately (adv) 9. offer (v) 10. fame(n)

a. occurring at once b. change one’s place or location c. public esteem d. present for acceptance e. a gamble or a risk f. observe or learn of for the first time g. to try to find h. a prize i. specialize in a certain subject j. pay attention

Reading. IV. Read the article and put the events in Joan Chen’s life into the correct order. a. b.

Won the Golden Rooster. Appeared in Tai-pan

Joan Chen is famous both in China, where she grew up, and in the United States, where she now lives. How did Joan become a famous actress in two counties? It’s an interesting story. Joan was born in Shanghai in 1961. When she was 14, some people from film studio came to her school and chose her to study at the studio. She was happy about this chance, but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school. Soon, however , she discovered that she really liked acting. At the age 18 she won the Golden Rooster, China’s top film award. In the late1970s, Joan’s parents, who where doctors, moved to the United States. Joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there. Her parents hoped she would study medicine. Instead she majored in film and later looked for work as an actress. To work in the United States, Joan had to start all over again. She told Hollywood agents that she was an actress in China, but she only got some small parts in TV shows. One day Joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called Tai-Pan. The interview was not going very well. As she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. The man was Dino DeLaurentiis, the film producer. He immediately offered her a leading part. A year later, she starred in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame.

After reading. V. Discuss the following.

3. meditate 8. visit gallery 4. visit library 9. listen to music 5. sew 10. make pictures Word power. II. Check the following words in your dictionary and write down their translation.

1. Do parents and children often have different ideas about careers? How are their ideas different? 2. Why is it sometimes difficult for people who move to another country to keep doing the same work?

realize(v) peaceful(adj) project(v)

VI. Choose the best summary for the text:

III. Match the following words with their definitions:

a. Joan Chen is a famous American and Chinese film star. She was born in the United States and at the age 20 she moved to China to study film at college. Joan became very popular at once. Dino DeLaurentiis invited her to star in The Last Emperor. That was a great success. b. Joan Chen is famous both in China and in the United States. When she was 14 she was chosen to study at the studio. At age 18 she won China’s top film prize. In1970s Joan’s mother and father moved to the United States where Joan later studied at film college. A bit later she was invited to take the leading part in The Last Emperor.

1. cuisine (n) 2. caviar (n) 3. tock up (v) 4. T-shirt (n) 5. diamond (n) 6. tense (adj) 7. fitness (n) 8. get stuck (v) 9. antique (a) 10. delay (v)

knife(n) cloud(n) stick(v)

a. belonging to the past b. good health c. precious stone d. style of cooking e. be supplied with something f. the roe of certain large fishes used as food g. garment of cotton h. a feeling of nervous strain and an attitude of expectation i. put of to a later time j. be unable to move

Reading. STUCK IN THE AIRPORT? WHAT TO DO… Pre-reading task. I. Choose at least five activities that can be done in the airport. 1. play football 6. buy jewelry 2. watch movie 7. eat

IV. Read the text and find out in which airport you can do the following? Write the letter of the correct place. 1. meditate surrounded by music and clouds… 2.eat Korean barbecue…

a. Amsterdam b. Dallas

3.buy an interesting painting … 4.exercise in a fitness center… 5.buy a diamond… 6.visit one of the world’s best shopping places

c. Singapore d. Honolulu e. El Paso f. Pittsburgh

Stuck in the airport? What to do… Many people are upset when their flight is delayed. Not only do they have to change their schedule but, even worse, they have to wait in an airport! There is no need to be upset, though. Airports are much better places these days than most people realize. Belief: Airport food is bad – as bad as airplane food. Reality: Airports have fine international cuisine – from fresh seafood in London to Korean barbecue in Honolulu. And you can stock up on something to have for later- for example, cheese and caviar in Paris. Belief: Shopping in airports is great, that is, if you need a Tshirt. Reality: In Amsterdam, you can buy anything from perfume to diamonds. In El Paso, Texas, you can buy antique knives or regional art. The art is so interesting that some people fly to El Paso just to visit the airport gallery. And Singapore’s airport is known for some of the best shopping in the world! Belief: Airports make people uncomfortable and tense. Reality: The airport at Honolulu has peaceful gardens. Pittsburgh has a meditation room: When you walk in, relaxing music comes on and pictures of clouds are projected on the walls. If you prefer exercise, hotels at the airports in Los Angeles, Dallas, and many other cities have fitness centers that anyone can use. So, the next time you are stuck in an airport, have some fun!

After reading. V. Discuss the following. 1. Which airport mentioned in the article would you prefer to wait in? Why? 2. Imagine your flight is delayed. What would you prefer to do: eat, shop or relax? Anything else?

DREAMS CAN COME TRUE Pre – reading task. I. Choose the professions that Tom Block and the Neales changed: Tom Block a. The head of the company for the teacher b. The teacher to the tax specialist The Neales c. The teacher to the lawyer d. The lawyer to the seaman Word power. II. Match the following words with the opposite meaning: 1. earn 2. poor 3. hard 4. huge 5. leave

a. easy b. reach c. rich d. spend e. small

III. Match the following words with their definitions. 1. change (n) a. a sea animal 2. huge (adj) b. to avoid loss of money

3. tax (n) 4. earn (v)

c. a district near to some place or object d. money, which must be paid for the purposes of government 5. neighborhood (n) e. passing from one state another 6. lawyer (n) f. immense 7. save (v) g. be too strong for 8. overcome (v) h. happening from time to time 9. starfish (n) i. an attorney 10. occasional (adj) j. to get in return for work Reading. IV. Read the text and complete the chart. What do these people do now? What is one difficulty with their new lifestyles? What is one reward? What Difficulty they do now

Reward

1. Tom Bloch 2. The Neales Dreams can come true At the age of 40, Tom Bloch was the head of H&R Block, a huge company that helps people prepare their tax forms. He was very successful. Although Bloch earned a lot of money, he was not very happy. He spent much time at work and did not have enough time to spent with his family. Suddenly he left H&R Block and became a teacher in a poor neighborhood. “ I wanted to …help people who did not have the opportunities I had,” Bloch explained.

Learning to control the students was hard at first. But the rewards – helping children and hearing students say he’s favorite teacher – are great. And Bloch is able to spend more time with his family. For eleven years, Tom Neale worked as a lawyer, and his wife, Mel, worked as teacher; they saved every penny they could. Finally they had enough money to buy a boat. That was seventeen years ago, and, except for occasional stops, they have been at sea ever since. For the Neales and their two daughters, the difficulties of their lifestyle are very real: There’s not much money, so meals are often rice and beans (and fish!). Storms are dangerous, especially when the boat is far from land. But Tom Neale says overcoming dangers together as a family is one of the rewards of their way of life. Another, he says, is “seeing the starfish on the bottom of the sea in the moonlight’’. After reading. V. Discuss the following. 1. Who do you think made the more difficult change in lifestyle, Tom Bloch or the Neales? Explain your answer. 2. Would you like to be one of the Neales children? Why or why not? 3. What are some reasons people – those in the article and others – change their lifestyles? 4. Would you like to change your lifestyle? If so, how?

EATING FOR ENERGY Pre- reading task.

I. Write out and translate the most necessary food for human health. 1. chocolate 2. grain 3. cheese 4. bread 5. egg 6. margarine 7. cake 8. curds 9. mushroom 10. vegetable

11. sugar 12. milk 13. fish 14. rice 15. sweets 16. butter 17. coca-cola 18. salt 19. fruit 20. corn

Word power. II. Guess the meaning of the following words: athlete (n) effect(n) calorie(n) protein(n) muscle(n)

performance(n) physical(adj) carbohydrate(n) rice(n) type(n)

III. Match the following words with their definitions. 1. nutritionist (n) 2. performance (n) 3. skip (v) 4. tip (n) 5. be aware (v) 6. avoid (v) 7. absorb (v) 8. fuel (n) 9. muscle (n)

a. a kind of macaroni b. tissue that can be tightened or loosened to produce movement c. to keep away from d. take in e. pass over f. a piece of advice g. public exhibition h. a doctor that advises the diet i. be conscious

10. pasta (n)

III.

j. any substance that can be burned to produce energy

Cooking methods. How do you cook these foods? Check the methods that are most common in your country.

Methods

Foods fish eggs chicken beef potatoes onions

Bake Fry Roast Boil Barbecue Steam Reading. IV. Read the text and check True or False. For the statement you marked False, write the correct information. True

False

1.You shouldn’t eat foods that are high in carbohydrates. 2.Fruit and vegetables are a good source of protein. 3.A person should eat more carbohydrates than fat or protein. 4.If you’re too thin, you might eat easily. Eating for energy Many professional sports teams have recently added a new member to their organization – a nutritionist. That’s because athletes have become aware that food affects performance. You don’t have to be an athlete to notice this effect. If you’ve never

skipped breakfast and then tried to clean the house, you know you need food for energy. Here are some tips about eating to increase your physical performance: Eat enough food. Your body needs a certain number of calories each day. If you are too thin, you’ll often feel tired and you’ll be more likely to get sick. Read the labels on food products. This information will tell you how nutritious the foods are. Avoid eating foods that are high in simple carbohydrates, that is sugar. A chocolate bar will first you energy, but then it will leave you feeling even more tired. Eat a balanced diet, one that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Complex carbohydrates provide the body “fuel”. They are found in fruits and vegetables, and in bread, rice, pasta, and other foods made from grains. The body uses protein to build muscles, and it uses fat to absorb the vitamins in food. Protein and fat are found in foods like milk, cheese, meat, fish, and eggs. Too much fat, however, can be harmful. After reading. V. Discuss the following. 1.Which of the tips in the article do you already follow? 2.What do you eat in a typical day? Is your diet balanced? What do you need to eat more of? Less of? 3.Can you think of a time when eating (or not eating) affected your performance? What happened?

GETTING MORE FOR LESS WHEN YOU TRAVEL Pre – reading task.

I. Point out the ways to save the money while you travel. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

buy tickets at the last minute travel by train go to hostels fly as a courier do not spend much money on food Buy airplane tickets in advance take less luggage fly with the help of the tourist company travel by bicycle hitchhiking

Word power. II. Guess the meaning of the following words. courier(n) regular(adj) system(n)

company(n) unlimited(adj) accommodation(n)

III. Match the following words with their definitions. 1. fare (n)

a. a large room in which a number of persons may sleep

2. in advance (adv)

b. to supply

3. deliver (v)

c. suitable

4. lighthouse (n)

d. carry from one person to another

5. convenient (adj)

e. the money paid for a journey in a train, tram, etc.

6. hostel (n)

f. a large building fortified against attack by enemies

7. provide(v)

g. a need

8. requirement (n)

h. a house where college students may live

9. dormitory (n)

i. a tower, provided with a strong light to guide ships

10. castle (n)

j. before

Reading. IV. Read the text, and in your own words, restate some of the information from the article using the phrases below. The first is already done for you. 1 . 25%of the normal fare. ~ “Fly as a courier. You can buy your plane ticket for one quarter of the normal fare.” 2. $100 instead of $1800.~ 3. more than 30,000 cities. ~ 4. younger than 25. ~ 5. $17 or less. ~ Getting more for less when you travel On a recent flight, Laura was chatting happily with the woman in the next seat – until the conversation turned to fares. The woman, who bought her ticket two months in advance, paid $109. Laura paid the full fare of $457. She decided that next time she would find out how to travel for less. Here some ways to travel for less: Cheap airplanes tickets. To fly for less money, you can buy non-refundable plane tickets two or three months before you trip. The cheapest way to fly is as a courier. In return for

delivering a package for a courier company, you get a plane ticket that costs as little as one-quarter of the regular fare – or even less if the company needs someone at the last minute. Recently, a courier flew round trip from Los Angeles to Tokyo for $100, a regular ticket cost around $1800. Train passes. If you’re going to do a lot of traveling by train, a train pass will save you money. Buying a single pass gives you unlimited travel for a period of time. Train passes can be especially useful in India, which has the world’s largest rail system; in Japan, where trains are fast and convenient; and in Europe, where trains go to over 30,000 cities. Hostels. Hostels used to provide cheap accommodations – in dormitories – for people under the age of 25. Nowadays, hostels don’t have any age requirements. They’re not only cheap ($8 - $17 a night) but a great way to meat people. Hostels are often in interesting places – a castle in Germany, a lighthouse in California, a one-room schoolhouse in the wilderness Of Australia. And sometimes hostels have luxuries like swimming pools. After reading. V. Discuss the following. 1.Would you want to travel as an air courier? Take a long train trip? Stay in a hostel? 2.What advice would you give someone who wants to travel for less in your country? Which hotels, restaurants, means of transportations, and stores would you recommend?

SUMMER IN THE COUNTRY Pre-reading task

I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Choose among the activities those that you can do in summer in the country. go boating 6. watch a football match go sightseeing 7. sunbathe go fishing 8. enjoy fresh air go swimming 9. climb mountains go to the theatre 10. ride merry-go-round

II. Guess the meaning of the following words fund (n) volunteer(n) state(n) Reading III. Scan the text and decide which paragraph deals with a) the age when children can start visiting the camp and live with a host family b) a number of children who can rest at a camp annually c) what children are taught to do d) the date when fresh Air Find program started e) a child’s impression of the camp f) the aim of the Fresh Air Fund program

Summer in the Country 1. “Before I came here”, one child said, “I thought swimming was running through an open fire hydrant.” 2. “Here” is a summer camp that’s only an hour from New York City – but a world away. This camp and four others nearby are run by the Fresh Air Fund. Since 1877, the fund has helped poor children from New York City spend summers in the country. Each year, over ten thousand

children, ages 6 to 18, participate in the program. Some stay at a camp; others live with a host family. The fund pays for all expenses. 3. The camps are for 8-to 15-year-olds. At camp, children can learn about the stars, see deer and cows and other animals, and go hiking, fishing, and of course, swimming. The children learn responsibility by helping out with chores like making beds and waiting on tables. They also learn a lot from counselors, who are often college students from around the United States and from other countries. 4. Host families from thirteen states and Canada volunteer to have children spend the summer with them. Many of these families have their own children. The visiting children become part of the family. They go with the family on picnics, to the pool or beach, and on trips. The children are from 6 to 12 years old when they make their first visit, and most are invited back. Some of the children and families become friends for life. Word Power IV. Find words in the text with the following meanings a) small duties in the home b) to take part in c) pipe from a water-main with a hose for street-cleaning, putting out fires etc. d) cost e) going for a long walk in the country for pleasure f) children’s leaders at camp g) are organized V. Read the text again and decide if they are true or false. Mark T if the sentence is true, mark F if the sentence is false

1. The Fresh Air Fund established five summer camps. 2. These camps are for the children from well-to-do families. 3. A seven-year-old can go to camp. 4. A seven-year-old can live with a host family 5. A child who lives with a host family can go back for a second year. 6. Staying at a camp is free of charge for children. 7. A summer camp is far away from the city. After reading VI. Discuss the following. 1. If you were a child in New York City, would you rather go to a camp or live with a host family? 2. Would you like to be a counselor at a Fresh Air Fund camp?

A DAY IN YOUR LIFE - IN THE YEAR 2020 Pre-reading task. I. Guess the meaning of the following words and phrases refrigerator(n) automatic pilot lunch(n) expert(n) diagnostic machine science fiction salad (n)

hamburger(n) information screen message(n) transmit(v) cash(n) home office high-tech computers

II. Match the words with the opposite meaning 1. safe a) up 2. fast b) early

3. down c) dangerous 4. urgent d) slow 5. late e) unnecessary Reading. III. Scan the text and match a paragraph to the area it deals with a) money b) entertainment c) transportation d) communications e) food f) work A Day in Your Life – in the Year 2020

People used to know more or less how their children would live. Now things are changing so quickly that we don’t even know what our own lives will be like in a few years. What follows is not science fiction. It’s how experts see the future. 1. You’re daydreaming behind the wheel of your car, but that’s OK. You have it on automatic pilot, and with its high-tech computers and cameras, your car “knows” how to get you home safely. 2. You’re hungry, so you head for the kitchen as soon as you get home. You ordered groceries by computer an hour ago, and you know that by now they’ve arrived. Your kitchen has a two-way refrigerator, which opens to the food by having the money subtracted from your bank account. Nobody uses cash anymore. 3. What’s for lunch? In the old days, you used to stop off to buy a hamburger or pizza. Now you use your diagnostic machine to find out which foods your body needs. You find

out you need more vegetables and less fat. Your foodpreparation machine makes you a salad. 4. After lunch, you go down the hall to your home office. Here you have everything you need for doing your work. Thanks to your information screen and your new computer, you almost never go into the office anymore. 5. The information screen shows an urgent message from a coworker in Brazil. You set the screen to translate Portuguese into English. As you wait, you think about later, when you’ll have a movie transmitted. What movie should you order tonight? Word Power IV. Find words in the text with the following meanings a) b) c) d) e) f)

enter to have idle and pleasant thoughts for both sending and receiving a colleague to learn by study, calculation as a result of

V. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are true or false. Mark T if the sentence is true; Mark F if the sentence is false. 1. If you need to pay for food, you will go to the bank and take some money from your bank account 2. You can even fall asleep while driving a car. If it is on automatic pilot, you won’t have an accident. 3. If you need more vegetables and less fat, buy a hamburger or pizza.

4. It won’t be necessary for you to buy food in a supermarket. You will be able to get food with the help of your refrigerator. 5. While the screen is translating the message you can decide which film to see this evening. VI. What are three uses for computers at home? At school? In a factory? In a restaurant? Complete the chart. Then add two more uses for each place. a) communicate with people b) keep the attendance c) pay household bills d) process credit cards e) create the menu f) make budgets At home 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

At school

g) pay the workers h) research papers i) create work schedules j) make report cards k) place orders l) run the machines In a factory

In a restaurant

After reading VII. Imagine you could invent a machine that would make life easier and better. Describe the machine.

UNIQUE CUSTOMS Pre-reading task I. Read the title. Choose the best definition for the word unique among the variants a, b, c or d given below

a) b) c) d)

not known or identified preferred above all others being the only one of its sort having a great effect

II. Guess the meaning of the following words and phrases lunar calendar wine(n) princess(n) emperor(n)

bracelet(n) loyal(adj) festival(n) rice(n)

Reading III. Read the text and make five correct sentences using an item from each column. Unique customs 1. January 17 is St. Anthony’s Day in Mexico. It’s a day when people ask for protection for their animals. They bring their animals to church. But before the animals go into the church, the people usually dress them up in flowers and ribbons. 2. On August 15 of the lunar calendar, Koreans celebrate Chusok to give thanks for the harvest. It’s a day when people honor their ancestors by going to their graves to take them food and wine and clean the gravesites. Also on Chusok, a big meal with moon-shaped rice cake is eaten. 3. One the biggest celebrations in Argentina is New Year’s Eve. On the evening of December 31, families get together and have a big meal. At midnight, fireworks explode everywhere and continue throughout the night. Friends and families meet for parties, which last until the next morning.

4. Long ago in India, a princess who needed help sent her silk bracelet to an emperor. After he helped the princess, the emperor kept the bracelet as a sign of the loyalty between them. Today in India, during the festival of Rakhi, men promise to be loyal to their women in exchange for a bracelet of silk, cotton, or gold thread. 5. On the evening of February 3, people in Japanese families take one dried bean for each year of their age and throw the beans around their homes and shrines, shouting “Good luck in! Evil spirits out!” This is known as “Setsubun,”a time to celebrate the end of winter and the beginning of spring. A On January 17 their ancestors During Rakhi animals to church On Chusok On New Year’s Eve of winter On February 3 their women

B people in Japan

C visit the graves of

people in Argentina

bring their

men in India people in Mexico

stay up all night celebrate the end

people in Korea

promise loyalty to

Word Power IV. Find words in the text with the following meanings a) b) c) d) e) f)

to decorate to respect to give somebody one’s word to go on immaterial part of man keeping safe

V. Complete the word map. Add two more words to each category. a) b) c) d) e) f)

anniversary cake cards champagne dancing fireworks

g) flowers h) parade i) party j) presents k) roast turkey l) wedding

Special occasions 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________

Activities 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________

4. Valentine’s Day is a day when ---------5. July 14 is a Day is day when ---------6. February is the month when --------B. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Brazilians celebrate Carnival. people like to “party”. the French celebrate their revolution. people play tricks on friends. people in many countries honor workers. people give presents to the ones they love.

After reading. VII. Discuss the following Is there a holiday or custom in your country that is similar to one described here? Describe your favorite holiday or custom.

Celebrations ARE YOU IN LOVE? Special food and drink 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________

Things we give / receive 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________

After reading VI. How much do you know about these days and months? Complete the sentences in column A with information from column B A. 1. New Year’s Eve is a night when --------2. April Fools ’Day is day when --------3. May Day is day when -------

Pre-reading I. Check the following phrases in your dictionary. Which phrase has a slightly negative meaning? a) to have a crush on someone b) to fall in love with somebody c) to stay in love II. Guess the meaning of the following words real(adj) person(n) telephone(v) Reading

interested in love(n) boyfriend(n)

III. Read the text. What happens when you fall in love compared to when you stay in love? Check (√) the correct boxes Falling Staying in love in love 1.You call the other person for no reason. 2.You can be honest about yourself. 3.You feel you can completely trust the other person. 4.You suddenly have new interests. 5.You talk about the other person at every opportunity. Are You in Love ? You think you’re falling in love. You’re really attracted to a certain person. But this happened before, and it was just a “crush”. How can you tell if it’s real this time? Here’s what our readers said: If you’re in love, … ♦ you’ll find yourself talking to or telephoning the person for no reason. (You might pretend there’s a reason, but often there’s not.) ♦ you’ll find yourself bringing this person into every conversation. (“When I was in Mexico” - a friend begins. You interrupt with, “My boyfriend made a great Mexican dinner last week.”) ♦ you might suddenly be interested in things you used to avoid. (“When a woman asks me to tell her all about football, I know she’s fallen in love,” said a TV sports announcer.) OK, so you’ve fallen in love. But falling in love is one thing, and staying in love is another. How can you tell, as time passes,

that you’re still in love? If you stay in love, your relationship will change. You might not talk as much about the person you are in love with. You might not always call him or her so often. But this person will nevertheless become more and more important in you life. You’ll find that you can be yourself with this person. When you first fell in love, you were probably afraid to admit certain things about yourself. But now you can be totally honest. You can trust him or her to accept you just as you are. Falling in love is great – staying in love is even better! Word Power IV. Find words in the text with the following meanings a) b) c) d) e) f)

to keep or get away from to deceive without a cause to accept as true commentator break in upon a person speaking

V. Match two consequences for each possible event. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Possible event buy a large dog fall in love go on a diet inherit a lot of money move to a foreign country quit smoking

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

Consequences be able to buy expensive clothes feel better about yourself feel hungry a lot feel jealous sometimes feel more energetic feel safer in your home have to give up your favorite snack get requests for loans from

friends i) have to take it out for walks j) lose touch with old friends k) gain weight

a) b) c) d)

a success in choosing a right job pieces of advice to be happy with a job facts your choice of job should depend on a person who found out the dependence of type of personalities on jobs Find the Job That’s Right for You!

VI. Can you think of one more consequence for each event? After reading VII. Discuss the following. 1. The article lists several signs of being in love. Can you think of other signs? 2. Which is better - to fall in love or to stay in love? Give your reasons. 3 Which is more difficult –to fall in love or to stay in love?

FIND THE JOB THAT’S RIGHT FOR YOU! Pre-reading I. Guess the meaning of the following words and phrases. type(n) psychologist(n) personality(n) art(n) practical(adj)

training analyze situations produce TV shows career(n) course(n)

Reading II. Scan the text and decide which paragraph deals with

1. Nearly 50% of all workers have jobs they aren’t happy with. Don’t let this happen to you! If you want to find the right job, don’t rush to look through the ads in the newspaper. Instead, sit down and think about yourself. What kind of person are you? What makes you happy? 2. According to psychologist John Holland, there are six types of personalities. Nobody is just one type, but most people are mainly one type. For each type, there are certain jobs that might be right and others that are probably wrong. The Realistic type is practical and likes working with machines and tools. The Investigative type is curious and likes to learn, analyze situations, and solve problems. The Artistic type is imaginative and likes to express himself/herself by creating art. The Social type is friendly and likes helping or training other people. The Enterprising type is outgoing and likes to persuade or lead other people. The Conventional type is careful and likes to follow routines and keep track of details. 3. If you think about who you are, you can make the right job decision. Liz is a good example. Liz knew she wanted to do something for children. She thought she could help children as a school counselor or a lawyer. She took counseling and law courses – and hated them. After talking to a career counselor,

she realized the problem was that she’s an Artistic type. Liz studied film, and she now produces children’s TV shows – and loves it. III. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are true or false. Mark T if the sentence is true; mark F if the sentence is false. 1. Percentage of working people who are satisfied with their jobs is equal to those who don’t like their jobs 2. If a person looks for a job, he / she should look through the ads in a newspaper. 3. To make a right choice choosing a job it is necessary to know your type of personality. 4. Some jobs may not fit your personality. 5. Liz wanted to be a school counselor or a lawyer because she belonged to the Social type. 6. Liz’s dream has come true – she does what she has wanted to do. IV. Based on this information, check (√) the job you feel would not be a good choice for each personality type. 1. Artistic a) actor b) computer programmer c) photographer d) songwriter 2. Conventional

3. Enterprising

a) accountant b) bookkeeper c) inventor d) secretary a) painter b) manager c) politician

d) salesperson 4. Investigative

5. Realistic

6. Social

a) detective b) model c) psychologist d) researcher a) carpenter b) factory worker c) mechanic d) reporter a) doctor b) nurse c) writer d) teacher

Word Power. V. Read the following adjectives and decide whether they are positive or negative. Mark P if the adjective is positive; mark N if it is negative. 1. bad – tempered 2. creative 3. critical 4. disorganized 5. efficient 6. forgetful 7. generous

8. hardworking 9. impatient 10. level - headed 11. moody 12. punctual 13. reliable 14. strict

VI. Choose adjectives that are best for a) a boss b) an employee c) you

protection (n) dam (n)

After reading. VII. Discuss the following 1. Which personality type are you most similar to? 2. What kind of jobs do you think fit your personality? 3. Have you chosen the right job? IT’S REALLY WORTH SEEING! Pre-reading task. I. This world is full of wonders! Scan the information about some famous landmarks and point out which one (ones) you have never heard before. 1.The Great Wall of China was begun in 214 BC It is the largest structure ever built. 2. The Colosseum in Rome was opened in 80 AD It was sometimes filled with water for ship battles. 3. The Taj Mahal in India was built between 1630 and 1652. It is a tomb for the wife of an Indian prince. 4. The Statue of Liberty in New York was opened in 1886. It was a gift to Americans from the people of France. 5. The Eiffel Tower in Paris was completed in 1889. It was built for the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Word power. II. Guess the meaning of the following words: canal (n) victory (n) humans (n.pl.)

control (v) steel (n) hydroelectrical (adj)

tunnel (n)

III. Match the words with the same meaning. 1. finish 2. huge 3. shut 4. challenge 5. remarkable 6. truck

a. big b. close c. lorry d. complete e. wonderful f. problem

IV. Check the following words in your dictionary and write down their translation. tamed rivers (adj) convenience (n) broadcasting (n) rough waves join (n)

tower (n) flood (v) carry through (v) border (n)

Reading V. Scan the article and pick a “wonder” (“wonders”) you already know. Seven Modern Wonders of the World The ancient Greeks spoke of the Seven Wonders of the World. Recently, some engineers came up with this list of the seven wonders of our modern world: 1. The Panama Canal, begun in the 1880s, wasn't finished until 1914. It joins the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Engineers describe the canal as a victory of humans over geography: Workers dug huge amounts of land and tamed rivers.

2. For 40 years after it was completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, in New York City, was the tallest building in the world. Amazingly, this 102-story building was constructed in just 410 days. 3. The Netherlands North Sea Protection Works is another victory over geography. The Netherlands, which is below sea level, was often flooded by the North Sea and by rivers. Then, between 1927 and 1932, a dam was built to shut out the sea. Twenty years later, dams and canals were built to control the rivers. 4. The Golden Gate Bridge, completed in 1937, was also a challenge for workers: San Francisco Bay has very strong winds and rough waves. The Golden Gate is still the world's tallest bridge. It has enough steel to wrap around the world three times. 5. At 1,815 feet, the CN Tower, in Toronto, Canada, is one of the world's tallest free-standing buildings. Completed in 1976, the tower is used for TV and radio broadcasting. 6. The Itaipu Dam, completed in 1984, goes across the Parana River at the Brazil-Paraguay border. It is the world's largest hydroelectric plant. 7. Completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel joins France and England. The "Chunnel" is a remarkable convenience: Cars, buses, and trucks are all carried through the tunnel by train. VI. Read the article again. Complete the information. a. _______ is a structure that is the tallest of its kind. b. _______ are two great victories over geography. c. _______ is a structure that joins two bodies of water. d. _______ are two structures that join two separate areas of land. e. _______ is a structure constructed very quickly. f. _______ are two structures that are in Europe. After-reading.

VI. Discuss the following. a. Which of these wonders would you like to see? Why? b. What other kinds of things could be described as “modern wonders” c. What are three most famous landmarks in Russia (Buryatia)? ROCK STAR! Pre-reading task I. Which of these sports do you think is the most dangerous? Put them in order 1 - 8. 1 is the most dangerous. cycling motor racing football sailing windsurfing skiing golf mountain climbing Compare your ideas with a partner and then the class. Reading II. Scan the first paragraph. How many meanings has the title “Rock Star” got: 1,2,3. The Rock Star! 1. Catherine Destivelle is a rock star. She loves rock, but she can't sing or play the guitar! She is a rock climber and a big star in France and Italy. She is probably the most famous woman climber in the world because she often climbs without ropes. She climbs in many countries but most often in the French Alps near Chamonix, where she lives. 2. She started climbing near her home in Paris when she was five. Then, at fourteen, she joined the French Alpine Club to learn more, but immediately she climbed better and more

quickly than the older members of the club. She won her first competition in Italy in 1985. 3. Three years ago she found a new route up the Dru Mountain near Chamonix. The climb took eleven days and for four days the snow was so heavy that she could not move. She slept and ate in a bivouac on the side of the mountain. Last year other climbers tried to follow the new Destivelle Route, but they failed. They are going to try again this year. 4. People always ask her this question. She says 'I climb because I'm in love with mountains. I like touching the rock and reading the face of the rock. I like it a lot. I feel comfortable and at home on the side of a mountain. I prepare well before I go, so I'm never worried.' 5. Catherine chooses new mountains from books -like buying from a shopping catalogue! 'I see a nice mountain and I go to climb it!' Her next mountain is in Pakistan. She is going there next month. 'It's much bigger than the Dru, so it's going to take longer to climb. An American climber, Jeff Lowe, is coming with me to help. II1. Read the article again and put the four paragraph headings into the correct places. a. b. c. d.

WHY DOES SHE CLIMB? HER FUTURE HOW DID SHE BEGIN? HER BEST CLIMB

IV. What do the following refer to? Example: when she was five – She started climbing when she was five. 1. – she can’t. 2. – the most famous 3. – without ropes

4. - Three years ago 5. – In Italy in 1985 6. – in a bivouac 7. – I am in love with 8. – Catherine chooses After-reading. V. Discuss the following. 1. Are you a sporty person? 2. Do you do sports? 3. Are you a sports fan? 4. Would you like to go in for some extreme sport?

MOVIE MANIA Pre-reading task. 1. Scan the following information and point a) which films you have seen; b) three most interesting films. c) the oldest film; d) the most popular film.

Movie Director’s Latest Triumph! Don't believe people who say you can' improve a good thing. Director George Lucas has taken Star Wars, which was a hit back in 1977, and made it even better. There are new scenes, incredible special effects, and an improved soundtrack. But Lucas isn't just a technical genius. He also knows how tc win our hearts. Everyone will love this science-fiction adventure

story about growing up, friendship, and good against evil. Audiences will especially like the exciting chase scenes, shootouts, and Darth Vader, who is one of the greatest movie villains of all time. This movie is spectacular! A New, Old Hit Star Wars is back and better than ever. .. sort of. Yes, the soundtrack is clearer, but it's also louder. Yes, there are some new characters, but the old ones seem a little silly now. Even though it's a fun movie, and I liked it the first time I saw it, I expected this to be so much better. Maybe George Lucas should have made an entirely new movie. “What Junk!” Why did George Lucas spend his money and time on a tired old movie? There is a scene where Luke Sky walker, the hero, is rushing" to the spaceship that will take him on his journey to save a princess, some robots, and, oh yes, the universe. When Luke sees the old spaceship, he exclaims, "What a piece of junk!" I knew exactly how he felt. This movie is just that, a piece of junk. Word power II. Guess the meaning of the following words: scene (n) special (adj) effects (n)

spectacular (adj) characters (n) hero (n)

III. Check the following words in your dictionary: win (v) evil (n) chase (n) shootouts (n)

villain (n) silly (adj) fired (adj) save (v)

IV. Match the words with the same meaning: a. improve b. incredible c. silly d. junk e. journey f. expect g. rush

1.stupid 2. trip 3. make better 4. wait 5. rubbish 6. unbelievable 7. run quickly

Reading V. Read the 3 reviews about the film “Star Wars”. Rate them according to headlines: a. Movie Director’s Latest Triumph b. A New Old Hit c. What Junk!

1. poor 2. fair 3. excellent

After-reading VI. Make up one more review from the following jumbled sentences. audience (n) genius (n) princess (n)

a. Star Wars was a hit in 1977. b. People love stories about growing up, friendship and good against evil. c. Star Wars is back. d. But you can improve even a good thing. e. George Lucas has turned out to be a good psychologist as well. f. He knows how to win people’s hearts. g. Now there are new scenes, special effects and improved soundtrack.

h. Some people find the movie fascinating, others are in bewilderment: so much time and money is spent on a dreadful film. i. And what is a price of junk for some people is a triumph for Star Wars’ fans. j. The movie is spectacular thanks to chase scenes and shootouts. VII. Complete this questionnaire. At the movies. What is the name of an actor or actress… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

that reminds you of someone in your family? that has beautiful eyes? who does things to help society? who has a beautiful speaking voice? who isn’t good-looking but who is very talented? What is the name of a movie…

6. that made you feel sad? 7. that made you laugh a lot? 8. which scared you? 9. which had great music? 10. that was about a ridiculous story?

BODY LANGUAGE. WHAT DOES IT SAY? Pre-reading task.

1. You are going to read in article about the meaning of the body language. Scan the article and write out the parts of a body that take part in communication.

Body Language. What Does It Say? More than half of what we communicate is communicated not through words but through body language. This includes our posture, facial expressions, and gestures. Because body language is so important, you'll want to know what yours is saying and how to interpret other people's, too. Here are some examples of body language and its meaning. (Note: These meanings are for North America. Interpretations may differ a bit in other cultures.) I your posture is slumped and your head is down, this could mean that you are sad or lack confidence. If your posture is straight but relaxed, you are expressing confidence and friendliness. A smile is a sign of friendliness and interest. But people sometimes smile just to be polite. To get another clue from people's faces, notice their eyes. Friendliness and interest are expressed when a person's eyes meet yours (especially when you're the one who's talking) and then look away and meet yours again. A person who doesn't look away is expressing a challenge. A person who doesn't look at you is expressing lack of interest or is shy. Hand gestures can mean a person is interested in the conversation. But repeated movements - like tapping a pencil or tapping a foot - often mean the person is either impatient or nervous. Stay away from someone who points at you while talking with you: That person might be angry at you or feel superior to you.

f. friendly Word power. II. Form-nouns: organize-organization to communicate to interpret happy-happiness friendly – greedy – to meet – meeting to mean – to tap confident – confidence impatient – to differ – III. Check the following words in your dictionary: through (adv) posture (n) slumped (adj) straight (adj) sign (n)

polite (adj) clue (n) challenge (n) lack (n)

IV. Arrange the following words into 2 categories: positive and negative emotions. a. sad b. relaxed c. interested d. polite e. impatient

g. greedy h. angry i. nervous j. confident k. smiling

l. challenging

Reading V. Read the article again. Choose the correct answer: a. You will look confident and friendly if 1. you keep your head down. 2. your body is straight and relaxed. 3. you smile and look into a person’s eyes. b. While you are talking to your boss, he or she is tapping a foot. This might be a sign that your boss: 1. is impatient with that you are saying; 2. is interested in what you are saying; 3. feels he or she is superior to you. c. If you want to show someone that you are interested, you should: 1. continue to look at the person without stopping; 2. look away from the person; 3. look at the person but not for two long. After-reading VI. Discuss the following. 1. Do you agree with all the interpretations given in the article? If not, what don’t agree with? 2. What do you notice most – people’s posture, facial expression, or gestures?

WHAT WOULD YOU DO? I. Pre-reading task.

1. Newspapers and magazines have advice columns where people write about their problems and ask for advice. Scan the following letters. Who is writing? a. b. c. d.

an angry mother a family’s friend a sister of an adult man a woman that want to get free from routine jobs. Ask Alice 1. Dear Alice, Someone told me that my brother's girlfriend was dating another guy. I felt I should let my brother know, and after I did, he confronted her with the story. Although she denied it, it caused a terrible argument and they almost broke up. Now it turns out that the rumor wasn't true, and my brother has stopped speaking to me. 2. Dear Alice, I was at a friend's house for dinner recently. During dinner, I accidentally broke a beautiful vase. It was my friend's favorite wedding present. I offered to pay for it, but she refused. Should I have insisted? I still feel bad about it. 3. Dear Alice, My son is 23 years old. He finished college last year, but he can't seem to find a job that he likes. He still lives at home, and I'm worried that he's not trying hard enough to get a job and be on his own. Meanwhile, I've been cooking his meals and doing his laundry. Word power. II. Match the words with their definitions: a. date(v) b. insist on(v)

1.to declare that a purpose cannot be changed. 2. man say that it is not true

c. confront(v) d. deny(v) e. cause(v) f. break up(v) g. guy(n) h. warn(v) i. be one’s own j. take care(v) k. make up with(v) l. repair(v)

3. to say that it is not true 4. a social meeting arranged at a certain time and place 5. to be face to face 6. to produce an effect 7. to deal with 8. to end a quarrel 9. to come to an end 10. to inform in advance 11. to restore to good condition 12. to be independent.

III. Make sure that you know the difference between to give – to forgive to get - to forget to offer – to refuse IV. Find the word with the same meaning: a. present b. rumor c. break Reading V. Read the replies and match them with the letters. a. Dear ..., You're making it too easy for him to stay where he is. Be firm and tell him he has two months to find a job (any job) and get his own place. He's old enough to take care of himself - but you have to be willing to let him go. Alice b. Dear ...,

You should have thought more carefully before you acted. It wasn't necessary to get angry. Next time, speak to the child immediately and warn him or her not to do it again. Alice c. Dear ..., Well, you learned a lesson. You shouldn't have listened to gossip. And you shouldn't have passed it on. Now you have to repair the damage. Apologize sincerely and hope that he will forgive and forget. Alice d. Dear ..., I think you did the right thing. It was important to offer to pay for it, but it's not surprising that she refused. Perhaps you could give her a special gift to make up for it. Alice After-reading. VI. Discuss the following Do the right thing! What would you do in each of these situations? Circle a, b, or c. If you think you would do something else, write your suggestion next to d. 1. If an artist friend gave me a large original painting that was ugly, I would ... a. say something nice and put it in a closet later. b. say that I didn't like it. c. say thank you and hang it on the wall, d........................... 2. If I saw a parent spanking a child for no reason, I would... a. do nothing. b. yell at the parent. c. call the police. d...........................

3. If I saw a student cheating on an exam, I would ... a. do nothing. b. tell the teacher. c. talk to the student about it after the exam, d........................... 4. If I saw my friend's boyfriend or girlfriend with someone other than my friend, I would ... a. do nothing. b. talk to my friend. c. talk to my friend's boyfriend or girlfriend, d........................... 5. If I saw a woman standing on a highway next to her car with a flat tire, I would ... a. do nothing. b. stop and help her. c. find the nearest telephone and call the police, d........................... WHAT’S YOUR EXCUSE? Pre-reading task. 1. We sometimes hear or say “Excuse me”, “I’m sorry”. Study the situations and point the excuses you say in most cases. Excuses, Excuses Situation Being late for an appointment

Excuse "My watch stopped." "The traffic was terrible!"

Forgetting an appointment

“I wrote the wrong date on my calendar." "I forgot to check my calendar."

Not doing homework "My sister was using the computer." "I thought it was due tomorrow." "I couldn't get a ride."

Getting home late

"I missed the bus." Not accepting a date

"I'm not allowed to date." "1 have a boyfriend/girlfriend."

Word power. II. Match the opposites. a. lie b. frequently c. hide d. boring e. busy f. delicious

1. interesting 2. terrible 3. show 4. free 5. rarely 6. tell the truth

Reading II1. Read the article. The Truth About Lying. 1. Lying to hide something: People often lie because they want to hide something from someone. For example, a son doesn't tell his parents that he's dating a girl because he doesn't think they will like her. Instead, he says he's going out with the guys. 2. Giving false excuses: Sometimes people lie because they don't want to do something. For example, someone invites you to a party. You think it will be boring, so you say you're busy. 3 Lying to make someone feel good:

Often we stretch the truth to make someone feel good. For example, your friend cooks dinner for you, but it tastes terrible. Do you say so? No! You probably say, "Mmm, this is delicious!" 4 Lying to hide bad news: Sometimes we don't want to tell someone bad news. For example, you have just had a very bad day at work, but you don't feel like talking about it. So if someone asks you about your day, you just say everything was fine. IV. Look at these situations. Are they examples of 1,2,3,or 4. (More than one answer is possible). Read the article. Then look at these situations. Are they examples of 1, 2, 3, or 4? (More than one answer is possible.) 1. You borrowed a friend's motorcycle and scratched it. You're having it painted. When your friend wants the motorcycle back, you say the engine didn't sound right and you're having it checked. ................ 2. Your friend gives you an ugly vase for your birthday. You say, "Oh, it's beautiful!" ................ 3. You lost your job and are having trouble finding a new one. An old friend calls to find out how you are. You tell your friend you're busy writing a book. ................ 4. Someone you don't like invites you to a movie, so you say, "I've already seen it." ................ 5. You're planning a surprise party for a friend. To get her to come over at the right time, you ask her to stop by to see your new VCR................. After-reading

V. Read your girlfriends (boyfriends) excuses for being late for a date. Which ones you would never believe. Discuss it with your partner. I’m sorry I’m late but… - the car/train /bus broke down. - there was a bus strike - I got held up in the traffic. - I missed the bus. - my alarm clock didn’t go off. - I got off the bus at the wrong stop. - I bumped into an old friend on the way here. - I got lost. - I overslept. - When I got to the station, I realized I’d left my money at home.

release (v.) literally (adv.) swallow (v.) cause (v.) pollutant (n.)

THE THREAT TO KIRIBATI

III. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. destroy (v) a. destiny or fortune 2. happen (v) b. class of things having some common characteristics 3. reduce (v) c. mass of land ice 4. fate (n) d. occur 5. expand (n) e. discontented 6. species (n) f. make or become smaller or less 7. tide (n) g. ruin 8. glacier (n) h. influx of water 9. frustrated (adj) i. increase in size or importance 10.flood (h) j. periodic rise and fall of the sea

Pre-reading task. 1. Look at the list and choose five things that can be a threat to the world:

Reading IV. Read the text and check True or False. For the false statements. Give the correct information.

education earthquake wildlife global warming rain forests

1. The People of Kiribati are afraid that their country will be swallowed by the sea. 2. Global warming may be a reason for high tides. 3. The Marshall Islands are home to more species than any other places on earth. 4. The nations of the Pacific feel frustrated because of

famine self-improvement pollution tolerance flood

Word Power II. Check the following words in your dictionary and trite down their translation.

True

False

seawalls. 5. The pollutants are being released mainly in large industrialized countries The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-toodistant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth -literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. "This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers and polar ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate -they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.

After-reading V. Discuss the following. 1. How is the action of industrialized countries making islands like Kiribati disappear from the face of the earth? 2. Scientists are still not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be. Some industries don’t want to make changes until there is definite evidence that the effects are serious. What is your opinion? 3. If you lived on an island like Kiribati, what would you like to see done? THE GLOBAL VILLAGE Pre-reading task. 1. What do you think the term global village means? a. all the villages of the world. b. the world organization. c. the world and its people. Word Power II. Guess the meaning of the following words: global(adj) technological(adj) sum(n) climate(n)

microchip(n) conflict(n) nation(n) culture(n)

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

destruction contributor face disputes microchip computers satellites 1. In a typical village everyone knows everyone else and the people ... the same kinds of problems. 2. The United Nations was founded to help countries resolve … peacefully. 3. During the Cold War the world was on the brink of … 4. The greatest … to the global village is … . 5. … and … allow news and ideas to travel quickly from country to country. Reading IV. Read the article. Then use the information to explain the following terms in your own words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is the United Nations? What was the Cold War? Who were the superpowers? What was the arms race? What is a microchip? What is a global village? The Global Village

More and more often, the term global village is used to describe the world and 'its people. In a typical village, however, everyone knows everyone else and the people face the same kinds of problems. How can the world be a village, when it is home to almost 6 billion people? Political and technological changes in the past century have made the global village possible. Political changes The years following World War II seemed to promise peace and more equality among people. For example,

the United Nations was founded in 1945 to help countries resolve disputes peacefully. This promise was soon shattered, however, by the Cold War -tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. These two superpowers engaged in an arms race, spending huge sums of money on weapons. The other nations of the world were split into two "sides," and the world was frozen in a perpetual state of hostility, seemingly on the brink of destruction. It was not until the collapse of communist governments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe between 1989 and 1991 that the Cold War ended and the political climate changed. The end of Cold War tension made the global village more politically possible by opening new channels of communication between nations. Technological changes Technologically, the greatest contributor to the global village is the microchip - an electronic circuit on a tiny chip. The microchip has made satellites and computers possible. These forms of high-tech communications allow news and ideas to travel quickly from country to country, making people aware of their neighbors around the globe in dramatic new ways. Through the Internet, we can get information from computers anywhere and carry on electronic conversations with people everywhere. Through television programs transmitted by satellite, we are exposed to many cultures. What will happen as we move into the twenty-first century and beyond? Almost certainly the development of the global village will continue. Not only is this possible, but the challenges that the world faces - for example, pollution, population growth, and conflicts among peoples -will make it necessary. After-reading V. Discuss the following

1. What do you think are some of the advantages of a global village - for individuals and for nations? 2. Some people say that there are disadvantages to a global village - that we are becoming too much alike. Do you agree? Why or why not? 3. What other challenges do you think the world will face in the twenty-first century? Which do you consider the most serious? COMING SOON TO A THEATRE NEAR YOU! Pre-reading task. I. Choose the words that are related to the topic. shot change behind movie camera park sequel

true sitcom slightly stop-motion snake special effects

Word Power II. Check the following words in your dictionary and write down their translation. stun (v) reach (v) wave (n.)

battle (n) distant (adj) push (v)

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box computer graphics Star Wars Dennis Muren Jurassic Park George Lucas stop-motion 1. The revolution in special effects began with George Lucas’s …

2. … began photographing spaceships at age 6. 3. With … technology many separate shots can be combined into a single image. 4. Dennis Murren made toy dinosaurs more through … 5. The stars of … were computer-generated dinosaurs.

Reading IV. Read the article. Check (٧) True or False. For the false statements, give the correct information. 1. The special-effects revolution True began in the mid-1980s with Star Wars. 2. ILM is the company responsible for many of the changes in special effects. 3. By age 10, Dennis Muren was able to use computer graphics to make things seem to move. 4. Muren feels that with stop-motion technology, just about any special effect can be achieved. Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!

False

Dinosaurs from the distant past! Space battles from the distant future! There has been a revolution in special effects, and it has transformed the movies we see. The revolution began in the mid-1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars, a film that stunned audiences; that revolution continues to the present, with dramatic changes in special

effects technology. The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren, who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars. Muren's interest in special effects began very early: At age 6, he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships. By 10, he had an 8-millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion. (Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera, moved slightly, shot again, and so on; when the shots are put together, the objects appear to move.) Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about: taking on new challenges. By 1989, Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go. He saw computer graphics (CG) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it. With CG technology, images can be scanned into a computer for processing, for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image. CG technology has now reached the point, Muren says, where special effects can be used to do just about anything - so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel, The Lost World -the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs -suggests that this may very well be true. After-reading V. Discuss the following 1. What movie's special effects impressed you the most? Describe the effects. 2. Critics say that movies are emphasizing special effects at the expense of the story. Others argue that special effects make the stories better. What do you think?

HABITAT FOR HUMANITY Pre-reading task. 1. Scan the text and say what social problem Habitat for Humanity is helping to solve. Word Power II. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. mud (n) 2. huge (adj) 3. fix (v) 4. charity (n) 5. enable (v) 6. instead (adj) 7. tackle (v) 8. basic (adj) 9. improve (v) 10. decent (adj.)

a. in place of. b. fundamental c. acceptable, good enough d. soft wet earth e. enormous f. make or become better g. mend, repair h. give smb. the means or authority i. giving voluntarily to those in need j. try to deal with

III. Find five pairs of opposites in this list. Complete the chart. build plenty reveal

improve huge gradual

tiny conceal destroy

little deteriorate sudden

Reading IV. Read the article. Check (٧) True or False. For the false statements, give the correct information. 1. There are some countries without housing problems.

True

False

2. Habitat tor Humanity was founded in 1976. 3. Habitat for Humanity was founded by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. 4. HFHI has helped people in over 30 countries. 5. Partnership housing means that HFHI works with a government agency. Habitat for Humanity Over 1 billion people lack adequate housing. These people are found in every country of the world and, indeed, in almost every community. They live in huts made of sticks, mud, cardboard, or metal; in some cases, they don't even have a roof over their heads. The problem is huge. Does this mean there is nothing that can be done? According to the people at Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), there's plenty that can be done. HFHI was founded in 1976 by Millard and Linda Fuller, millionaires who decided their money could best be spent helping people. Since then, HFHI has helped fix and build homes for tens of thousands of people in the United States and over 30 other countries. A look at who builds these homes reveals a lot about HFHI. Jimmy Carter, former U.S. president, and his wife, Rosalynn, spend a week each year helping to build houses. Evinor Mira, a 16-year-old high school student, recently helped to build houses for his family and others in his community in Tepetitan, El Salvador. HFHI believes that the homes should not be given as charity; instead, the organization follows a system known as partnership housing: The people who will live in the homes, like Evinor,

work together with volunteers on the construction and then gradually pay off the basic cost of the homes. These payments, together with contributions, enable HFHI to help other people. By tackling the problem of inadequate housing, HFHI tackles other important social problems as well. People who have decent homes are better able to manage in life and to be productive members of society. And when homes are improved, neighborhoods and communities can be improved, too. After-reading V. Discuss the following 1. Why is housing such an important social issue? 2. In what other ways could the issue of inadequate housing be dealt with? 3. Do you think that individuals can make important contributions to solving social problems? Why or why not?

ADAM EZRA COHEN Pre-reading task I. Look at the following words and try to guess how Adam is different from other teenagers. high-school student prestigious contest to win the top prize invention

Word Power II. Check the following words in your dictionary and write down their translation.

(6) When he left home for college, his family missed those live rats he was always putting in the refrigerator! Adam Ezra Cohen

contest (n) invention (n) hiking (n)

fill (v) stuff (n) circuit (n)

III. Match the following words with their definitions: 1. fit (v) 2. tiny (adj) 3. width (n) 4. hug (v) 5. impressive (adj) 6. multitude (n) 7. delight (n) 8. scholarship (n)

a. great pleasure b. squeeze tightly in one’s arms c. great number d. arousing respect, approval or admiration e. suit f. academic achievement g. measurement from side to side h. very small

Reading IV. Read the article. Then correct the paragraph below. Some sentences have more than one mistake, and some can be corrected in more than one way. (1) Ezra Adam Cohen is a 71-year-old who recently won the Nobel prize. (2) He also plays soccer and collects baseball cards. (3) He used the $40,000 scholarship to study biochemistry at New York University. (4) The invention for which he won was impressive: a computer cursor that users can move with their toes. (5) But that's nothing: He's already come up with 1,652 other inventions.

Each year, the top high-school science students in the United States enter the Westinghouse Science Talent Search. This contest is the most prestigious of its kind, and it offers a $40,000 college scholarship as its top prize. Last year, with 1,652 students entering, the top prize was won by Adam Ezra Cohen, a 17-year-old senior from New York City. Adam won for his invention of an electrochemical paintbrush. This "paintbrush" is an electronic circuit that prints tiny patterns on silicon surfaces - patterns so tiny that 50 words would fit within the width of a human hair. If further developed, the invention could be used to make powerful microchips for computers. Impressive as this invention sounds, its only one among many for Adam. He already has 152 to his credit, including a computer cursor that users can move with their eyes. Some people may have the idea that being a serious science student means being a serious person with no interests other than science. If so, they haven't met Adam. He's an outgoing young man who, on winning the prize, jumped in the air and hugged a judge. And he's got a multitude of other interests, including hiking, ice-skating, soccer, reading, and last but not least, collecting wild mushrooms. "He's a delight," his father says. "The only thing we have to watch is what he puts in our refrigerator — bottles filled with blue stuff and dried-up rats." Yet science is obviously very important to Adam, and someday he may be important to it. He's using his scholarship to study physics at Harvard and speaks of plans of continuing on to a career as an inventor and researcher. Five Westinghouse

winners have gone on to win Nobel prizes. Perhaps one day Adam will, too. After-reading V. Discuss the following 1.

What personal characteristics and other factors make it possible for someone as young as Adam to achieve so much? 2. Had you heard of the stereotype of "serious science students" discussed in the article? Why do you think people have such fixed ideas?

KEYS: Joan Chen Ib; III. 1e, 2f, 3h, 4b, 5i, 6g, 7j, 8a, 9d, 10c. IV. g, c, a, f, e, h, b, d. VI. b. Stuck in the airport? What to do…:I. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9. II. 1d, 2f, 3e, 4g, 5c, 6h, 7b, 8j, 9a, 10i. III. 1f, 2d, 3e, 4b, 5a, 6c. Dreams can come true I. Tom Bloch (a); The Neales (d); II. 1 (1d, 2c, 3a, 4e, 5b.) 2. (1e, 2f, 3d, 4j, 5c, 6i, 7b, 8g, 9a, 10h) Eating for energy II. 2 (1h, 2g, 3e, 4f, 5i, 6c, 7d, 8j, 9b, 10a) Getting more for less when you travel I. a, b, c, d, e. II. 2 (1e, 2j, 3d, 4i, 5c, 6h, 7b, 8g, 9a, 10 f) Summer in the country I. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, III.a4, b2, c3, d2,e1, f2 IV.1T, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5T, 6T, 7F V. a. chores b. participate c. hydrant d. expenses e. hiking f. counselors g. are run A Day in Your Life in the Year 2020 II. a2, b5, c1, d5, e3, f4 III.1F, 2T, 3F, 4T, 5T IV. a. head for b. daydream c. two way d. co-worker e. find out

f. thanks for V. 1c, 2d, 3a, 4e, 5b Unique Customs I. c III.1. On January 17 people in Mexico bring their animals to church 2. During Rakhi men in India promise locality to their women. 3. On Chusok people in Korea visit the graves of their ancestors. 4. On New Year’s Eve people in Argentina stay up all night 5. On February 3 people in Japan celebrate the end of winter. IV. a. to dress up b. to honour c. to promise d. to last e. spirit f. protection V. special occasions a, h, i, l special food and drink b, d, k activities e, f, h things we give | receive c, g, j VI.1b, 2d, 3e, 4f, 5c, 6a Are You in Love I .a IV. a. to avoid b. to pretend c. for no reason d. to admit e. announcer f. to interrupt

V. 1.f, j; 2. d, e; 3. c, g; 4.a,h; 5.i,k; 6.b,l Find the Job That’s Right for You! II. a3, b1, c2,d2 III. 1T, 2F, 3T, 4T, 5F, 6T IV. 1b, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5d, 6c V. P – 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13 N – 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, It’s really worth seeing! 2. 1-d 4. a-2 2-a b-1,3 3-b c-1 4-f d-7 5-e e-2 6-c f-3,7 Rock Star 2. -2 3. 1-c 2- 3-d 4-b 4. 1. She can’t sing or play the guitar. 1. She can’t sing or play the guitar. 2. She is the most famous woman climber in the world. 3. She often climbs without ropes. 4. She won her first competition in Italy in 1985. 5. Three years ago she found a new route. 6. She slept and ate in a bivouac. 7. I am in love with mountains. 8. Catherine chooses new mountains from books. Movie Mania 1. a-3 b-2 c-1 4. a-3 b-6 c-1 d-5 e-2 f-4 g-7 5. chadgefbji

Body 1. 4. 5.

Language. What Does it Say? head, eyes, hands. Positive: b, c, d, f, j, k a-2 b-1 c-3

What Would you Do? 1. 1-c 2-b 3-d 2. a-4 b-1 c-5 d-3 e-6 f-9 h-10 i-12 j-7 k-8 e-11 9-2 4. present - gift rumor – gossip break- damage 5. 1-c 2-d 3-a What’s Your Excuse? 2. a-6 b-5 c-3 d-1 e-4 3. 1-1,4 2-3 3-1,4 4-2,3 5-1

f-2

The Threat to Kiribati I. earthquake, global warming, famine, pollution, flood III. 1g, 2d, 3f, 4a, 5i, 6b, 7j, 8c, 9e, 10c IV.1T, 2T, 3F, 4T, 5F The Global Village I.c III. 1.face 2. disputes 3. destruction 4. contribution, microchip 5. computers, satellites Coming Soon to a Theatre Near You !

I. shot, movie camera, sequel, sitcom, stop motion, special effects III. 1. Star Wars 2. Dennis Muren 3. computer graphics 4. stop motion 5. Jurassic Park IV. 1F, 2T, 3F, 4F Habitat for Humanity II.1d, 2e, 3g, 4i, 5h, 6a, 7j, 8b, 9f, 10c III. build – destroy, plenty –little, reveal – conceal, huge – tiny, improve – deteriorate, gradual – sudden IV.1F, 2T, 3F, 4T, 5F Adam Ezra Cohen III.1e, 2h, 3g, 4b, 5d, 6c, 7a, 8f

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