The effect of temperature and other factors on plastics and elastomers

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS Mckeen_Prelims.indd i 12/11/2007 5:54:35 PM ...

Author: Laurence W. McKeen

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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS

Mckeen_Prelims.indd i

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Mckeen_Prelims.indd ii

12/11/2007 5:54:35 PM

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS Second Edition

Laurence W. McKeen

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Copyright © 2008 by William Andrew Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Plastics Design Library and its logo are owned by William Andrew Inc. ISBN: 978-0-8155-1568-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McKeen, Laurence W. The effect of temperature and other factors on plastics and elastomers/Laurence W. McKeen. — 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-8155-1568-5 1. Plastics–Thermal properties. 2. Plastics–Testing. 3. Elastomers–Thermal properties. 4. Elastomers–Testing. I. Title. TA455.P5M3445 2007 620.1’9231–dc22 2007037328 Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Published by: William Andrew Inc. 13 Eaton Avenue Norwich, NY 13815 1-800-932-7045 www.williamandrew.com NOTICE To the best of our knowledge the information in this publication is accurate; however the Publisher does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of, or consequences arising from, such information. This book is intended for informational purposes only. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use by the Publisher. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for any use, and the manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. Anyone intending to rely upon any recommendation of materials or procedures mentioned in this publication should be independently satisfied as to such suitability, and must meet all applicable safety and health standards.

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Dedicated to my wife Linda

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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1

Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Plastics and Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 Polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.2 Copolymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.4 Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.5 Thermosets vs. Thermoplastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.6 Crystalline vs. Amorphous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.7 Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.8 Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9.1 Fillers and Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire and Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants . 5 1.1.9.3 Release Agents, Lubricants, Slip, and Antiblocking Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9.4 Catalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9.5 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.9.6 UV Stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.9.7 Antistatic Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.9.8 Plasticizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.9.9 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.9.10 Coupling Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.9.11 Thermal Stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 Testing of Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1 Mechanical Property Testing of Plastics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1.1 Tensile Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2.1.2 Compressive Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2.1.3 Shear Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2.1.4 Flexural Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.2.2 Impact Property Testingof Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.2.2.1 Izod Impact Strength and Charpy Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.2.2.2 Gardner and Falling Dart Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.2.3 Thermal Property Testingof Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.2.3.1 Heat Deflection Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2.3.2 Vicat Softening Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2.3.3 Melt Flow Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.2.3.4 Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.2.3.5 Melting Point Tm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.2.3.6 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.3 Principles of Plastic Product Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.3.1 Rigidity of Plastics Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.3.2 The Assessment of Maximum Service Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 vii

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1.3.2.1 Assessment of Thermal Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toughness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3.1 The Assessment of Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3.2 Time Dependent Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3.3 Selection Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27 29 30 33 33 35 39

2

Styrenic Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Polystyrene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate (ASA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.5 Styrene-Maleic Anhydride (SMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.6 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.7 Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Polystyrene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate (ASA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Styrene-Maleic-Anhydride (SMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Styrenic Blends and Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 44 51 55 61 78 83 85

3

Polyether Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3.1.1 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3.1.2 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3.1.3 Modified Polyphenylene Ether/Polyphenylene Oxides (PPE or PPO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3.2 Acetals—Polyoxymethylene POM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3.3 Acetal-Copolymer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 3.4 Modified PolypropyleneEther (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

4

Polyesters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1 Polycarbonate (PC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.5 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.6 Polyester Blends and Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Polycarbonate (PC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

149 149 149 150 150 150 150 151 152 160 184 194 203

5

Polyimides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Polyetherimide (PEI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Polyamide-Imide (PAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

213 213 213 213

1.3.3

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5.1.3 Polyimide (PI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.4 Imide Polymer Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polyetherimide (PEI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polyamide-Imide (PAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polyimide (PI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

216 216 217 226 229

6

Polyamides (Nylons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.1 Nylon 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.2 Nylon 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.3 Nylon 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.4 Nylon 66v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.5 Nylon 610 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.6 Nylon 612 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.7 Nylon 666 or 66/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.8 Amorphous Nylon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.9 Nylon 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.10 Polyphthalamide/High-Performance Polyamide(PPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1.11 Polyarylamide (PAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Nylon 6 (PA6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Nylon 11 (PA11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Nylon 12 (PA12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Nylon 66 (PA66) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Nylon 610 (PA610) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Nylon 612 (PA612) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Nylon 6/66 (PA666) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 Nylon Amorphous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10 Nylon 46 (PA46) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11 Polyphthalamide (PPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.12 Polyarylamide (PAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13 Polyamide Blend (PPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

243 243 244 245 245 245 246 246 247 247 247 248 248 249 257 264 269 312 316 328 335 344 346 362 372

7

Polyolefins and Acrylics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1 Polyethylene (PE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2 Polypropylene (PP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.3 Polytrimethyl Pentene (PTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.4 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.5 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.6 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.7 Polyacrylics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.8 Other Olefin/Acrylic Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Polyethylene (PE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Polymethylpentene (PMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Rigid Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Cyclic-Olefin-Copolymer (COC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Polyacrylics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

379 379 379 381 381 382 382 382 382 383 383 396 401 405 409 412

8

Thermoplastic Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 8.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 8.1.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPUs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

5.2 5.3 5.4

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8.1.2 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1.3 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

420 420 421 432 443

9

Fluoropolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2 Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.3 Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.4 Fluorinated-Ethylene-Propylene (FEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.5 Perfluoro-Alkoxy (PFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.7 Polyvinylidene-Fluoride (PVDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.8 THV™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.9 HTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.10 Fluoroplastic Melting Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Fluorinated-Ethylene-Propylene (FEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 Perfluoro Alkylvinylether (PFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

447 447 447 448 448 448 449 449 449 450 450 450 451 455 461 467 474 481 489

10

High Temperature Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.1 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.2 Polyethersulfone (PES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.3 PolyphenyleneSulfide (PPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.4 Polysulfone (PSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1.5 Polybenzimidazole (PBI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Polyether Sulfone (PES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Polysulfone (PSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

503 503 503 503 503 504 504 505 513 523 537

11 Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Polyoleﬁns and Acrylics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Thermoplastics Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 Fluoropolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

551 551 658 666 671 680

12 Tables of Selected Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Styrenic Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Polyethers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Polyesters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Polyimides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

687 687 688 697 705 729

8.2 8.3 8.4

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Contents

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 Fluoropolymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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731 749 756 759 760

Appendix 1: Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 Appendix 2: Trade Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 Appendix 3: Unit Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777

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Preface This book is an update to an “authorless” work of the same title, published in 1990. A lot has changed in the field since 1990 and a lot has not changed. There are new plastic materials. There has been a huge turnover in ownership of the plastic producing companies. There has been a lot of consolidation, which of course means discontinued products. Thus, this update is much more extensive than the usual “next edition.” It has been reorganized from a chemistry point of view. Plastics of similar polymer types are grouped into nine chapters. Each of these chapters includes an introduction with a brief explanation of the chemistry of the polymers used in the plastics. An extensive first chapter had been added. It is an introductory chapter that summarizes the chemistry of making polymers, the formulation of plastics, testing and test methods, and plastic selection. Most plastic products and parts are expected to be used in environments other than room temperature and standard humidity conditions. Chapters 2–10 are a databank that serves as an evaluation of plastics as they are exposed to varying operating conditions at different temperatures, humidity, and other factors. Over 900 uniform graphs for more than 45 generic families of plastics are contained in these chapters. The following types of graphs may be included:

(A) Properties as functions of temperature (1) Flexural modulus/strength (2) Tensile modulus/strength (3) Shear modulus/strength (4) Impact strength (5) Hardness (6) Torsional modulus (7) Coefficient of thermal expansion (8) Dielectric constant (9) Dissipation factor (10) Water absorption

(11) Specific volume/heat (12) Pressure-volume-temperature plots

(B) Stress vs. strain curves at various temperatures (1) Strain rates (2) Humidity levels

(C) Mechanical properties as a function of (1) Strain rate (2) Humidity level

(D) Electrical properties as a function of (1) Humidity level (2) Frequency

(E) Also included (1) Properties vs. thickness (2) Dimensions vs. moisture (3) Properties vs. glass content and other formulation factors Chapter 11 contains extensive mechanical and electrical data in tabular form. These tables contain data on several thousand plastics. Similarly, Chapter 12 contains thermal data on several thousand plastics. Data from the first edition have only been removed if those products were discontinued, and many products were. Product names and manufacturers have been updated. Larry McKeen 2007 xiii

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Acknowledgments This book is an update to an “authorless” work by the same title. It was published in 1990. Of course it was not really “authorless.” This was one of the first books published by the cofounder of William Andrew Publishing, William Woishnis. Bill Woishnis assembled this book and it was originally offered in loose leaf and binder form. His support and feedback on the content are greatly appreciated. A number of teachers have greatly impacted my education and deserve special thanks. Ms. Anna Kruse was my high school chemistry teacher (Lyman Hall High School, Wallingford, CT) who not only was a great educator but also motivated this particular young student to study chemistry beyond the classroom. That included writing articles for an educational chemistry magazine while in high school and after school projects, one that eventually led to the 1969 International Science Fair. The many outstanding chemistry teachers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) provided the best and most thorough undergraduate chemistry education in the country. RPI continues to do so in nearly all fields of science and engineering. Finally,

my major professor at the University of Wisconsin, Professor James W. Taylor was a great educator and ultimately developed my teaching abilities. The author is especially appreciative of the confidence, support, and patience of my friend and editor Sina Ebnesajjad. He was also the primary proofreader of the manuscript. I would not have been given the opportunity to do this work had it not been for the support of Martin Scrivener, President of William Andrew. My family has been particularly supportive through the long hours of writing and research from my home office. My wife, Linda, has been behind this work 100 percent. My daughter Lindsey graduates shortly from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with a Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering. We talked often about polymers, plastics, and materials, as she has been studying those subjects. She will be entering the PhD program in Biology after graduation.

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1 Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers 1.1 Plastics and Polymers The most basic component of plastic and elastomer materials is polymers. The word polymer is derived from the Greek term for “many parts.” Polymers are large molecules comprising many repeat units called monomers that are chemically bonded into long chains. Since World War II, the chemical industry has developed a large quantity of synthetic polymers to satisfy the need for a diverse range of products, including paints, coatings, fibers, films, elastomers, and structural plastics. Literally thousands of materials can be called “plastics,” although the term today is typically reserved for polymeric materials, excluding fibers, which can be molded or formed into solid or semisolid objects. As of the beginning of 2007, IDES The Plastics Web® (http://www.ides. com) listed over 65,900 different grades of plastic from over 560 suppliers.

1.1.1 Polymerization Polymerization is the process of chemically bonding monomer building blocks to form large molecules. Commercial polymer molecules are usually thousands of repeat units long. Polymerization can proceed by one of several methods. The two most common methods are addition and condensation polymerization.

In addition polymerization, a chain reaction adds new monomer units to the growing polymer molecule one at a time through double or triple bonds in the monomer. Each new monomer unit creates an active site for the next attachment. The net result is shown in Fig. 1.1. Many of the plastics discussed in later chapters of this book are formed in this manner. Some of the plastics made by addition polymerization include polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylics, polystyrene, and polyoxymethylene (acetal). The other common method is condensation polymerization in which the reaction between monomer units and the growing polymer chain-end group releases a small molecule, often water as shown in Fig. 1.2. This reversible reaction will reach equilibrium and halt unless this small molecular by-product is removed. Polyesters and polyamides are among the plastics made by this process. Understanding the polymerization process used to make a particular plastic provides insight into the nature of the plastic. For example, plastics made via condensation polymerization, in which water is released, can degrade when exposed to water at high temperature. Polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can degrade by a process called hydrolysis when exposed to acidic, basic, or even some neutral environments severing the polymer chains. As a result the polymer’s properties are degraded.

Figure 1.1. Addition polymerization.

Figure 1.2. Condensation polymerization.

1

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1.1.2 Copolymers A copolymer is a polymer formed when two (or more) different types of monomers are linked in the same polymer chain, as opposed to a homopolymer where only one monomer is used. If exactly three monomers are used, it is called a terpolymer. Monomers are only occasionally symmetric; the molecular arrangement is the same regardless of which end of the monomer molecule you are looking at. The arrangement of the monomers in a copolymer can be head-to-tail, head-to-head, or tail-to-tail. Since a copolymer consists of at least two types of repeating units, copolymers can be classified based on how these units are arranged along the chain. These classifications include: • Alternating copolymer • Random copolymer (statistical copolymer) • Block copolymer • Graft copolymer When the two monomers are arranged in an alternating fashion, the polymer is called an alternating copolymer: –A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–A–B–

When chains of a polymer made of monomer B are grafted onto a polymer chain of monomer A we have a graft copolymer: | | B B | | B B | | B B | | B B | | –A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A– | B | B | B | B | Branched/Grafted Copolymer

High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) is a graft copolymer. It is a polystyrene backbone with chains of polybutadiene grafted onto the backbone. Polystyrene gives the material strength, but the rubbery polybutadiene chains give resilience to make it less brittle.

Alternating Copolymer

In the following examples A and B are different monomers that do not have to be present in a one-toone ratio. In a random copolymer, the two monomers may follow in any order –A–A–B–A–B–B–A–B–A–A–B–B–B–A–B–A–A– Random Copolymer

In a block copolymer, all monomers of one type are grouped together and all monomers of the other type are grouped together. A block copolymer can be thought of as two homopolymers joined together at the ends –A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–B–B–B–B–B–B–B–B–B– Block Copolymer

A polymer that consists of large grouped blocks of each of the monomers is also considered a block copolymer: –A–A–A–A–A–A–B–B–B–B–B–B–B–A–A–A–A–A– Block Copolymer

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1.1.3 Linear, Branched, and Cross-linked Polymers Some polymers are linear—a long chain of connected monomers. Polyethylene, PVC, nylon 66, and polymethyl methacrylate are some of the commercial linear polymers found in this book. Branched polymers can be visualized as a linear polymer with side chains of the same polymer attached to the main chain. While the branches in turn may be branched and they do not connect to another polymer chain. The ends of the branches are not connected to anything. A cross-linked polymer, sometimes called a network polymer, is one in which different chains are connected. Essentially the branches are connected to different polymer chains at the ends. These three polymer structures are shown in Fig. 1.3.

1.1.4 Molecular Weight A polymer’s molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of individual atoms that comprise a molecule. It indicates the average length of the bulk

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.3. Linear, branched, and cross-linked polymers.

resin’s polymer chains. All polymer molecules of a particular grade do not have exactly the same molecular weight. There is a range or distribution of molecular weights. The average molecular weight can be determined by several means, but this subject is beyond the scope of this book. Low molecular weight polyethylene chains have backbones as small as 1,000 carbon atoms long. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene chains can have 500,000 carbon atoms along their length. Many plastics are available in a variety of chain lengths, or different molecular weight grades. These resins can also be classified indirectly by a viscosity value, rather than molecular weight. Within a resin family, such as polycarbonate, higher molecular weight grades have higher melt viscosities. For example, in the viscosity test for polycarbonate, the melt flow rate (MFR) ranges from approximately 4 g/10 min for the highest molecular weight, standard grades to more than 60 g/10 min for lowest molecular weight, high flow specialty grades. Selecting the correct molecular weight for your injection molding application generally involves a balance between filling ease and material performance. If your application has thin walled sections, a lower molecular weight/lower viscosity grade offers better flow. For normal wall thicknesses, these resins also offer faster mold cycle times and fewer molded-in stresses. The stiffer flowing, high molecular weight resins offer the ultimate material performance, being tougher and more resistant to chemical and environmental attack.

3

thermosets. Thermoplastics soften and melt when heated and harden when cooled. Because of this behavior, these resins can be injection-molded, extruded, or formed via other molding techniques. This behavior also allows production scrap runners and trimmings to be reground and reused. Unlike thermoplastics, thermosets react chemically to form crosslinks, as described earlier, which limit chain movement. This network of polymer chains tends to degrade, rather than soften, when exposed to excessive heat. Until recently, thermosets could not be remelted and reused after initial curing. Recent advances in recycling have provided new methods for remelting and reusing thermoset materials.

1.1.6 Crystalline vs. Amorphous Thermoplastics are further classified by their crystallinity, or the degree of order within the polymer’s overall structure. As a crystalline resin cools from the melt, polymer chains fold or align into highly ordered crystalline structures as shown in Fig. 1.4. Some plastics can be completely amorphous or crystalline. Often plastics specifications will report the percentage of its crystallinity (e.g., 73% crystallinity). Generally, polymer chains with bulky side groups cannot form crystalline regions. The degree of crystallinity depends on both the polymer and the processing technique. Some polymers such as polyethylene crystallize quickly and reach high levels of crystallinity. Others, such as PET polyester, require slow cooling to crystallize. If cooled quickly, PET polyester remains amorphous in the final product.

1.1.5 Thermosets vs. Thermoplastics A plastic falls into one of the two broad categories depending on its response to heat: thermoplastics or

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Figure 1.4. Plastics with crystalline and amorphous regions.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Crystalline and amorphous plastics have several characteristic differences. Amorphous polymers do not have a sharp melting point, but do have what is called a glass transition temperature (Tg). The glass transition temperature is the temperature at which a polymer changes from hard and brittle to soft and pliable. The force required to generate flow in amorphous materials diminishes slowly as the temperature rises above the glass transition temperature. In crystalline resins, the force requirements diminish quickly as the material is heated above its crystalline melt temperature. Because of these easier flow characteristics, crystalline resins have an advantage in filling thin walled sections of a mold. Crystalline resins generally have superior chemical resistance, greater stability at elevated temperatures and better creep resistance. Amorphous plastics typically have better impact strength, less mold shrinkage, and less final part warping than crystalline materials. End use requirements usually dictate whether an amorphous or crystalline resin is preferred.

1.1.7 Blends Polymers can often be blended. Occasionally, blended polymers have properties that exceed those of either of the constituents. For instance, blends of polycarbonate resin and PET polyester, originally created to improve the chemical resistance of polycarbonate, actually have fatigue resistance and low temperature impact resistance superior to either of the individual polymers. Sometimes a material that has some of the properties of one polymer and some of another is needed. Instead of going back to the lab and trying to synthesize a brand new polymer with all the required properties, two polymers can be melted together to form a blend, which will hopefully have some properties of both. Two polymers that do actually mix well are polystyrene and polyphenylene oxide. A few other examples of polymer pairs that will blend are:

Polystyrene and polybutadiene are immiscible. When polystyrene is mixed with a small amount of polybutadiene, the two polymers do not blend. The polybutadiene separates from the polystyrene into little spherical blobs. Figure 1.5 illustrates the picture that would be seen if this mixture is viewed under a high power microscope. Multiphase polymer blends are of major economic importance in the polymer industry. The most common examples involve the impact modification of a thermoplastic by the microdispersion of a rubber into a brittle polymer matrix. Most commercial blends consist of two polymers combined with small amounts of a third, compatibilizing polymer—typically a block or graft copolymer. Multiphase polymer blends can be easier to process than a single polymer with similar properties. The possible blends from a given set of polymers offer many more physical properties than the individual polymers. This approach has shown some success but becomes cumbersome when more than a few components are involved. Blending two or more polymers offers yet another method of tailoring resins to a specific application. Because blends are only physical mixtures, the resulting polymer usually has physical and mechanical properties that lie somewhere between the values of its constituent materials. For instance, an automotive bumper made from a blend of polycarbonate resin and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer gains rigidity from the polycarbonate resin and retains most of the flexibility and paintability of the polyurethane elastomer. For business machine housings, a blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins offers the enhanced performance of polycarbonate flame retardance and UV stability at a lower cost.

• Polyethylene terephthalate with polybutylene terephthalate • Polymethyl methacrylate with polyvinylidene fluoride Phase-separated mixtures are obtained when one tries to mix most polymers. But strangely enough, the phase-separated materials are often rather useful. They are called immiscible blends.

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Figure 1.5. Immiscible blend of polystyrene and polybutadiene.

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

Additional information on the subject of polymer blends is available in the literature.1, 2, 3

5

shrinkage. Particulate fillers typically reduce shrinkage by a percentage roughly equal to the volume percentage of filler in the polymer—an advantage in tight tolerance molding.

1.1.8 Elastomers Elastomers are a class of polymeric materials that can be repeatedly stretched to over twice the original length with little or no permanent deformation. Elastomers can be made of either thermoplastic or thermoset materials and generally are tested and categorized differently than rigid materials. They are commonly selected according to their hardness and energy absorption characteristics—properties rarely considered in rigid thermoplastics. Elastomers are found in numerous applications such as automotive bumpers and industrial hoses.

1.1.9 Additives Additives encompass a wide range of substances that aid processing or add value to the final product.4, 5 Found in virtually all plastics, most additives are incorporated into a resin family by the supplier as part of a proprietary package. For example, you can choose standard polycarbonate resin grades with additives for improved internal mold release, UV stabilization, and flame retardance; or nylon grades with additives to improve impact performance. Additives often determine the success or failure of a resin or system in a particular application. Many common additives are discussed in the following sections. Most additives are added in very small amounts.

1.1.9.1 Fillers and Reinforcement Reinforcing fillers can be added in large amounts. Some plastics may contain as much as 60% reinforcing fillers. Often, fibrous materials, such as glass or carbon fibers, are added to resins to create reinforced grades with enhanced properties. For example, adding 30% short glass fibers by weight to nylon 6 improves creep resistance and increases stiffness by 300%. These glass-reinforced plastics usually suffer some loss of impact strength and ultimate elongation, and are more prone to warping because of the relatively large difference in mold shrinkage between the flow and cross-flow directions. Plastics with nonfibrous fillers such as glass spheres or mineral powders generally exhibit higher stiffness characteristics than unfilled resins, but not as high as fiber-reinforced grades. Resins with particulate fillers are less likely to warp and show a decrease in mold

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1.1.9.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire and Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants Combustion modifiers are added to polymers to help retard the resulting parts from burning. Generally required for electrical and medical housing applications, combustion modifiers and their amounts vary with the inherent flammability of the base polymer. Polymers designed for these applications are often rated using an Underwriters Laboratories rating system. Use these ratings for comparison purposes only, as they may not accurately represent the hazard present under actual fire conditions.

1.1.9.3 Release Agents, Lubricants, Slip, and Antiblocking Agents External release agents are lubricants, liquids, or powders, which coat a mold cavity to facilitate part removal. Internal release agents can accomplish the same purpose. The composition of the release agent is rarely disclosed, but frequently they are fine fluoropolymer powders, called micropowders, silicone resins, or waxes.

1.1.9.4 Catalysts Catalysts—substances that initiate or change the rate of a chemical reaction—do not undergo a permanent change in composition or become part of the molecular structure of the final product. Occasionally used to describe a setting agent, hardener, curing agent, promoter, etc., they are added in minute quantities, typically less than 1%.

1.1.9.5 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners Many plastics do not have sufficient impact resistance for the use for which they are intended. Rather than changing to a different type of plastic, they can be impact-modified in order to fulfill the performance in usage requirements. Addition of modifiers called impact modifiers or tougheners can significantly improve impact resistance. This is one of the most important additives. There are many suppliers and chemical types of these modifiers.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

General-purpose impact modification is a very low level of impact modification. It improves room temperature impact strength but does not take into account any requirements for low temperature (below 0°C) impact strength. For most of these types of applications only low levels of impact modifier will be required (<10%). Low temperature impact strength is required for applications that require a certain level of low temperature flexibility and resistance to break, for example, in the case of many applications in the appliance area. For this purpose, modifier levels between 5% and 15% of mostly reactive modifiers will be necessary. Reactive modifiers can bond chemically to the base polymer. Super tough impact strength may be required for applications that should not lead to a failure of the part even if hit at low temperatures (−30 to −40°C) under high speed. This requirement can only be fulfilled with high levels (20%–25%) of reactive impact modifier with low glass transition temperature. Figure 1.6 shows the effect of one toughener on the izod performance of a common nylon 6 plastic. The toughener used in this graph is DuPont’s Fusabond®N MN-493D. The graph shows the improvement in notched izod performance vs. temperature with differing levels of toughener additive. As shown in this figure, the performance can be dramatically improved.

1.1.9.6 UV Stabilizers Sunshine and its UV radiation have a deteriorating effect on many polymers. UV stabilizers play an important role in plastics for external uses by counteracting the effects of the sun. UV stabilizers are used in plastic items such as greenhouse film, outdoor furniture, and automotive plastic parts. The amounts added are very small and generally less than 1%.

1.1.9.7 Antistatic Agents Antistatic additives are capable of modifying properties of plastics in such a way that they become antistatic, conductive, and/or improve electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Carbon fibers, conductive carbon powders, and other electrically conductive materials are used for this purpose.

1.1.9.8 Plasticizers Plasticizers are added to help maintain flexibility in a plastic. Various phthalates are commonly used for this purpose. Since they are small molecules they may extract or leach out of the plastic causing a loss of flexibility with time.

Figure 1.6. Notched izod of BASF Ultramid® B-3nylon 6 modified with various levels of DuPont Fusabond® NNM-493D toughener.

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1.1.9.9 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica Pigments are added to give color to plastic, but they may also affect the physical properties. Extenders are usually cheap materials added to reduce the cost of plastic resins. Dyes are colorants that are chemically different from pigments. Mica is a special pigment added to impart sparkle or metallic appearance.

1.1.9.10 Coupling Agents The purpose of adding fillers is either to lower the cost of the polymer, make it tougher or stiffer, or to make it flame retardant so that it does not burn when it is ignited. Often the addition of the filler will reduce the elongation at break, the flexibility, and in many cases the toughness of the polymer because the fillers are added at very high levels. One reason for the degradation of properties is that the fillers in most cases are not compatible with the polymers. The addition of coupling agents can improve the compatibility of the filler with the polymer. Consequently, the polymer will be more compatible with the filler, the filler will adhere better to the polymer matrix, and the properties of the final mixture (e.g. elongation, flexibility) will be enhanced.

1.1.9.11 Thermal Stabilizers The limiting factors in the use of plastics at high temperatures are their tendency to become softer and also to thermally degrade. Thermal degradation can present an upper limit to the service temperature of plastics. Thermal degradation can occur at temperatures much lower than those at which mechanical failure is likely to occur. Plastics can be protected from thermal degradation by incorporating stabilizers into them. Stabilizers can work in a variety of ways but discussion of these mechanisms is beyond the purpose of this book. There are other additives used in plastics, but the ones discussed above are the most common.

1.2 Testing of Plastics The bulk of this book contains tables and plots of the change of various properties of plastics as a function of temperature, strain, humidity, frequency, etc. The following sections of this chapter will summarize the standard tests. Details on some of the more common test methods will follow.

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7

Standard plastics tests are generally specified primarily by two standard organizations. ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is one organization; its standards are the well-known ASTM standards. The second organization is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is also well known. These organizations do not specify just plastics tests, but they both develop technical standards in the fields that need them. They are both well accepted, but unfortunately they do not always agree exactly. While there is often one-to-one correlation of ASTM and ISO standards, they may differ in procedure and conditions, which may lead to slightly different measures. For example, tensile modulus can be measured by ASTM D638 or ISO 527-1. While reported values are similar, they are rarely exactly the same. These standard tests are listed in Tables 1.1–1.6. Many plastics families have their own ASTM and ISO guidelines for testing. These guidelines provide standard testing procedures including sample preparation and often define the subclassification of the plastic products. Some of these standards are given in Table 1.7.

1.2.1 Mechanical Property Testing of Plastics 1.2.1.1 Tensile Properties Tensile testing is performed by elongating a specimen and measuring the load carried by the specimen. This is done using a test machine known as the Instron Universal Materials Testing Machine. Using the specimen dimensions, the load and deflection data can be translated into a stress–strain curve. A variety of tensile properties can be extracted from the stress– strain curve. The standard tests are • ASTM D638-03—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics • ISO 527-1:1993 Plastics—Determination of tensile properties—Part 1: General principles • ISO 527-2:1993 Plastics—Determination of tensile properties—Part 2: Test conditions for molding and extrusion plastics • ISO 37 Rubber, vulcanized, or thermoplastic— Determination of tensile stress–strain properties • ASTM D412-98a(2002)e1—Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Table 1.1. Standard Mechanical Tests Measurement

ASTM

ISO

Apparent bending modulus

ASTM D747

–

Coefficient of friction

ASTM D1894

–

Compressive modulus

ASTM D695

ISO 604

Compressive strength

ASTM D695

ISO 604

Deformation under load

ASTM D621

–

Flexural creep

ASTM D2990

–

–

ISO 6602

Flexural modulus

ASTM D790

ISO 178

Flexural strength

ASTM D790

ISO 178

Flexural strength at break

ASTM D790

–

Flexural strength at yield

ASTM D790

–

–

ISO 527-1, -2

Poisson’s ratio

ASTM E132

–

Shear modulus

ASTM D732

Shear strength

ASTM D732

–

Flexural creep modulus

Nominal tensile strain at break

Tensile creep modulus

–

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile elongation at break

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile elongation at yield

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile modulus

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile strength

ASTM D638

–

Tensile strength at break

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile strength at yield

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Tensile strength, ultimate

ASTM D638

ISO 527-1, -2

Table 1.2. Standard Elastomer Tests Measurement

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ASTM

ISO

Compression set

ASTM D395

ISO 37

Elongation at break

ASTM D412

–

Elongation at yield

ASTM D412

–

Elongation set after break ASTM D412

–

Tear strength

ASTM D624 ISO 34-1

Tear strength, split

ASTM D412

–

Tensile set

ASTM D412

–

Tensile strength at break

ASTM D412

ISO 37

Tensile strength at yield

ASTM D412

ISO 37

Tensile stress at 100%

ASTM D412

ISO 37

Tensile stress at 200%

ASTM D412

ISO 37

Tensile stress at 300%

ASTM D412

ISO 37

Tensile stress at 50%

ASTM D412

–

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

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Table 1.3. Standard Impact Tests Measurement

ASTM

ISO

ASTM D256

ISO 179

–

ISO 179

ASTM D4226

–

ASTM D5420 & D5628

–

ASTM D3763

–

Multi-axial instrumented impact energy

–

ISO 6603-2 MAII

Multi-axial instrumented impact peak force

–

ISO 6603-2 MAII

Notched izod impact strength

ASTM D256

ISO 180

Reverse notch izod impact strength

ASTM D256

–

Tensile impact strength

ASTM D1822

ISO 8256

Unnotched izod impact strength

ASTM D256

ISO 180

Charpy notched impact strength Charpy unnotched impact strength Drop impact resistance Gardner impact Instrumented dart impact

Table 1.5. Standard Electrical Tests

Table 1.4. Standard Hardness Tests Measurement

ASTM

Ball indentation hardness

–

ISO

Electrical

ASTM

ISO 2039-1

Dielectric constant

ASTM D150

IEC 60250

Dielectric strength

ASTM D149

IEC 60243-1

Dissipation factor

ASTM D150

IEC 60250

Surface resistivity

ASTM D257

IEC 60093

Volume resistivity

ASTM D257

IEC 60093

Durometer (shore) hardness

ASTM D2240

ISO 868

Rockwell hardness

ASTM D785

ISO 2039-2

ISO

Table 1.6. Standard Thermal Tests Thermal

ASTM

ISO

ASTM D746

ISO 812 & ISO 974

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE)

ASTM D696 & ASTM E831

ISO 11359-1, -2

Heat deflection temperature (HDT) at 8.0 MPa

–

ISO 75 Method C

HDT at 1.80 MPa

ASTM D648

ISO 75 Method A

HDT 0.45 MPa

ASTM D648

ISO 75 Method B

–

ISO 6603-2 Ductile Brittle

ASTM E1356

–

–

ISO 3146

Specific heat

ASTM C351

–

Thermal conductivity

ASTM C177

ISO 8302

Vicat softening temperature

ASTM D1525

ISO 306

Melt flow rate (MFR)/Melt flow index (MFI)

ASTM D1238

ISO 1133

Brittleness temperature

Ductile/brittle transition temperature Glass transition temperature Melting temperature (DSC)

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Table 1.7. ISO and ATSM Standards for Common Polymer Families ISO Standardsa

ASTM Standards

DIS 2580-1&2: 2003

D4673-02

Styrene-acrylonitrile resin (SAN)

4894-1&2: 1997

D4203-07

Polystyrene (PS)

1622-1&2: 1994

D4549-03

Polystyrene, impact (PS-I)

2897-1&2: 2003

D4549-03

Polypropylene (PP)

1873-1&2: 1997

D4101-06b D5857-05a

Polyethylene (PE)

1872-1&2: 2007

D4976-06

Polyvinyl chloride, plasticized (PVC-P)

2898-1&2: 1997

D2287-96

Polyvinyl chloride, unplasticized (PVC-U)

1163-1&2: 1995

D1784-06a

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

8257-1&2: 2001

D788-06

Polycarbonate (PC)

7391-1&2: 2006

D3935-02

Acetals (POM)

9988-1&2: 2006

D6778-06

Polyamides (PA)

1874-1&2: 2006

D4066-01a

Thermoplastic polyester

7792-1&2: 1997

D5927-03

Polyketone (PK)

15526-1&2: 2000

D5990-00

Polyphenylether (PPE, PPO)

15103-1&2: 2000

D4349-96

Thermoplastic polyester elastomer

14910-1&2: 1997

D6835-02

Polymer Family Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS)

E-CTFE

D3275-06

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)

D3222-05

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

D4894-04

Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)

D3159-06

Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)

D3307-06

Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP)

D2116-02

aPart 1 of each ISO material standard addresses the “Designatory Properties” and part 2 describes specific tests, test specimens, and test conditions.

Figure 1.7 shows a picture of the Instron® Universal Materials Testing Machine (http://www.instron. com) and a diagram of the test plaque and details of the test configuration. The instrument can provide a stress– strain curve as shown in Fig. 1.8. Analysis of this curve leads to several useful mechanical measurements. Figure 1.8 has several labeled points on the curve. These are called

• “A,” the “Proportional Limit,” which is the end of the region in which the resin exhibits linear stress–strain behavior; • “B,” the “Elastic Limit” after which the part is permanently deformed when the strain is removed;

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• “C,” the “Yield Point” after which the material will deform without a further increase in strain; • “D,” the “Ultimate Strength,” which is the maximum stress on the curve; and • “E,” the “Breakpoint.” Table 1.8 shows how some of the tensile measurements are made from the stress–strain curve in Fig. 1.8. Most plastics when tested will show one of the four basic types of stress–strain behavior. These are shown in Fig. 1.9. The slopes of the curves and the actual measures of stress and strain may differ, but as the multipoint curves in the subsequent chapters of this book are viewed, the reader will recognize these forms. Table 1.9 lists several plastics that fit each of these behavior types.

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

Instron® 3300 Floor Model

11

Diagram of Test Specimen and Mounting Jaws

Figure 1.7. Instron Universal Materials Testing Machine (Photo Courtesy of Instron® Corporation).

Figure 1.8. Typical stress–strain curve showing some important measurement points.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Table 1.8. Tensile Properties Determined from a Stress–Strain Curve per ASTM D638 Property

Definition

Tensile elongation at break

Tensile elongation corresponding to the point of rupture, “J” in Fig. 1.8

Tensile elongation at yield

Tensile elongation corresponding to the yield (an increase in strain does not result in an increase in stress), “G” in Fig. 1.8

Tensile strength at break

Tensile stress corresponding to the point of rupture, “K” in Fig. 1.8

Tensile strength at yield

Tensile stress corresponding to the yield point (an increase in strain does not result in an increase in stress), “F” in Fig. 1.8

Tensile strength

Tensile stress at a specified elongation

Tensile strength, ultimate

The highest tensile stress a material can support before failing, “H” in Fig. 1.8

Tensile modulus

The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material in the elastic region (from no strain to point “B” in Fig. 1.8) of a stress–strain curve. A “Tangent” tensile modulus value is the slope of the elastic region of the stress–strain curve and is also known as Young’s Modulus, or the Modulus of Elasticity. A “Secant” tensile modulus value is the slope of a line connecting the point of zero strain to a point on the stress–strain curve at a specified strain

Figure 1.9. The range of stress vs. strain behaviors.

1.2.1.2 Compressive Properties

1.2.1.3 Shear Properties

Compressive testing is similar to tensile testing except the strain is applied in the opposite direction. This is also done on the Instron® Universal Materials Testing Machine. Using the specimen dimensions, the load and deflection data can be translated into a stress– strain curve. A variety of compressive properties can be extracted from the compressive stress–strain curve. The standard test is the ASTM D695-02a Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics.

Measurement of properties under shear conditions is described in the standard “ASTM D732-02 Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by Punch Tool.” The primary measures are shear strength and shear modulus. Shear strength is the maximum load required to completely shear a specimen divided by the sheared area. Shear modulus is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.

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13

Table 1.9. Examples of Tensile Responses Exhibited by Various Plastics Behavior

Examples

Brittle

Polystyrene, acrylics, SAN, highly reinforced material

Stiff and strong

ABS, polycarbonate, polyamides, highly filled resin

Stiff and tough

Impact modified polyamides, impact polystyrene

Soft and tough

Elastomers, low density

These tests are often done in the Instron® Universal Materials Testing Machine. The sample is a typically molded sheet that has been cut into a disk. The diagram of the apparatus used is shown in Fig. 1.10. The test specimen, disk or plaque, is placed in a clamp such that its upper and lower surfaces are securely supported. The specimen thickness should be between 0.127 mm (0.005 in) and 12.7 mm (0.5 in). A punch-type shear tool with a 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter is bolted to the specimen through a hole drilled in the center and a load is applied to the punch. The shear strength is calculated as the maximum force encountered during the test divided by the area of the sheared edge (circumference of the punched circle multiplied by the specimen thickness, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 1.10).

1.2.1.4 Flexural Properties The measurement of flexural properties is described in the following standards:

Figure 1.10. Apparatus used for shear property measurements.

• ASTM D790-03 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials • ISO 178:2001 Plastics—Determination of flexural properties A test specimen is held as a simply supported beam and is subjected to three-point bending as shown in Fig. 1.11. Typically, the Instron® is used. Maximum stress and strain occurs at the underside of the test specimen, directly under the applied force. The

Figure 1.11. Principle used for flexural property measurements.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

preferred test specimen is 80 mm long, 10 mm wide, and 4 mm thick. Other specimens may be used if the length to thickness ratio is equal to 20.

• ISO 180:2000 Plastics—Determination of Izod impact strength

1.2.2 Impact Property Testing of Plastics

• ISO 179-1:2000 Plastics—Determination of Charpy impact properties—Part 1: Noninstrumented impact test

Table 1.3 listed a number of tests used to measure the impact resistance of plastics. Impact tests allow designers to compare the relative impact resistance. The tests are often used for quality control. However, these tests generally do not translate into explicit design parameters. While there are many measurements listed, the measurements use test apparatus that fall under two types: based on a pendulum or a falling object. The main differences are sample preparation and measurement units.

1.2.2.1 Izod Impact Strength and Charpy Impact Strength The standard tests for Izod impact strength are given below:

• ASTM D256-06a Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics

Both Izod and Charpy tests are based on a swinging pendulum, as shown in Fig. 1.12 Basically, the pendulum is raised to a measured point and then released. The weighted end of the pendulum gains speed as it swings towards a mounted molded bar of the test plastic. It strikes the bar and breaks it; the pendulum loses energy while breaking the plastic bar. Therefore it does not swing high. The energy lost by the pendulum is equated with the energy absorbed by the test specimen during the breaking process. There are different ways to mount the test specimen, and there are different specimen sizes and preparation methods. The different sample mounting configurations for the Izod and Charpy tests are shown in Fig. 1.13. Figure 1.14 shows the details of the notch. The

Figure 1.12. Pendulum type impact strength tester.

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15

Figure 1.13. Izod and Charpy impact tests’ sample configurations.

sharpness of the bottom of the notch affects the test results. Table 1.10 shows the different notch radii possible. The impact resistance is usually reported at energy per unit length or per unit area.

1.2.2.2 Gardner and Falling Dart Impact Strength

Figure 1.14. Izod and Charpy impact tests’ notch details.

Another impact strength test that uses gravity is the Gardner impact or the falling dart tests. These are described by the following standards: Table 1.10. Izod and Charpy Impact Notch Radii Options Notch

Izod Notch Radius (mm)

Charpy Notch Radius (mm)

A

0.25

0.25

B

1.00

1.00

C

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0.10

• D5420-04 Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact) • D5628-06 Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or Falling Mass)

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

• ISO 974:2000 Plastics—Determination of the brittleness temperature by impact • ASTM D696-03 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30 and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer • ASTM E831-06 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis • ISO 11359-1: Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 1: General principles • ISO 11359-2: Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature • ISO 75-1: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 1: General test method

Figure 1.15. Gardner impact test apparatus.

• D3763-06 Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors • ISO 7765-2:1994 Plastics film and sheeting— Determination of impact resistance by the freefalling dart method—Part 2: Instrumented puncture test The Gardner test uses a piece of equipment similar to that shown in Fig. 1.15. A weight is lifted to a given height and dropped onto a test plaque. The falling dart is based on the same principle, but the weight is free falling rather than guided through a tube as in the Gardner equipment.

1.2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastics The standard tests for various thermal properties are given below: • ASTM D746-04 Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact • ISO 812:2006 Rubber, vulcanized, or thermoplastic—Determination of low-temperature brittleness

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• ISO 75-2: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 2: Plastics and ebonite • ISO 75-3: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 3: Highstrength thermosetting laminates and long-fiber-reinforced plastics • ISO 6603-2: Plastics—Determination of puncture impact behavior of rigid plastics—Part 2: Instrumented impact testing • ASTM E1356-03 Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) • ISO 3146:2000 Plastics—Determination of melting behavior (melting temperature or melting range) of semicrystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods • ASTM C351-92b (1999) Standard Test Method for Mean Specific Heat of Thermal Insulation • ASTM C177-04 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus • ISO 8302:1991 Thermal insulation—Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties—Guarded hot plate apparatus • ASTM D1525-06 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of Plastics • ISO 306:2004 Plastics—Thermoplastic materials—Determination of VST

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• ASTM D1238-04c Standard Test Method for MFR of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer • ISO 1133:2005 Plastics—Determination of the melt mass-flow rate and the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics

1.2.3.1 Heat Deflection Temperature The heat deflection temperature is a measure of a polymer’s resistance to distortion under a given load at elevated temperatures. Other terms for this measurement include deflection temperature under load (DTUL) or heat distortion temperature (HDT). The test is performed using an apparatus diagramed in Fig. 1.16. A test bar is molded to a specific thickness and width. The test sample is submerged in oil that is gradually heated. The load is applied to the midpoint of the test bar that is supported near both ends. The temperature at which the bar is deformed by 0.25 mm is recorded as the HDT. The ASTM test is ASTM D648 while the analogous ISO test is ISO 75. The test using a 1.8 MPa load is performed under ISO 75 Method A, while the test using a 0.46 MPa load is performed under ISO 75 Method B. The test using an 8 MPa load performed under ISO 75 Method C is less common. The HDT value obtained for a specific polymer grade will depend on the base resin and on the presence of reinforcing agents. Deflection temperatures of glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced engineering

17

polymers will often approach the melting point of the base resin. The HDT test results are a useful measure of relative service temperature for a polymer when used in load-bearing parts. However, the deflection temperature test is a short-term test and should not be used alone for product design. Other factors such as the duration of exposure to elevated temperatures, the rate of temperature increase, and the part geometry all affect the performance.

1.2.3.2 Vicat Softening Temperature The Vicat softening temperature (VST) is the temperature at which a flat-ended needle penetrates the specimen to a depth of 1 mm under a specific load. The temperature reflects the point of softening to be expected when a material is used in an elevated temperature application. A test specimen is placed in the testing apparatus as diagramed in Fig. 1.17. The penetrating needle rests on its surface. A load of 10 or 50 N is applied to the specimen. The specimen is then lowered into an oil bath at 23°C. The bath is raised at a rate of 50 or 120°C/h until the needle penetrates 1 mm. The temperature at that moment is called the Vicat softening temperature. The relevant standards are ISO 306 and ASTM D1525. ISO 306 describes two methods: method A with a load of 10 N and method B with a load of 50 N, each with two possible rates of temperature rise, 50 and 120°C/h. This results in ISO values reported as A50, A120, B50, or B120.

Figure 1.16. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) test apparatus.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.17. Vicat softening temperature test apparatus.

Figure 1.18. Melt flow index test apparatus.

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1.2.3.3 Melt Flow Index The MFI is a measure of the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. It is defined as the weight of a polymer in grams flowing in 10 min through a die of specific diameter and length by a pressure applied by a given weight at a given temperature. The method is given in ASTM D1238 and ISO 1133. The test equipment is diagramed in Fig. 1.18. The conditions of the test depend on the type of the polymers, some of which are shown in Table 1.11. The temperature should not be so high that the polymers in the plastic decompose. The MFR is an indirect measure of molecular weight, with high MFR corresponding to low molecular weight. Synonyms of MFI are melt flow rate and melt index, which are commonly abbreviated as MFI, MFR, and MI.

1.2.3.4 Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) The glass transition temperature, often called Tg (or “T sub g”), is an important property when considering polymers for a particular end-use. The glass transition temperature is the temperature below which the physical properties of plastics change in a manner similar to those of a glassy or crystalline state and above which they behave like rubbery materials. A plastic’s Tg is the temperature below which molecules

19

have little relative mobility. Tg is usually applicable to wholly or partially amorphous plastics. A plastic’s properties can be dramatically different above and below its Tg. The next sections show a number of ways to measure or estimate Tg. These methods will indicate how some of the properties change around Tg. The value of the glass transition temperature depends on the strain rate and cooling or heating rate, and so there cannot be an exact value for Tg.

1.2.3.4.1 Mechanical Methods of Estimating Tg It is possible to calculate a value for the glass transition temperature by measuring the elastic (or Young’s) modulus of the plastic as a function of the temperature, for example, by using a torsion pendulum. Around Tg, there is a large fall in the value of the modulus as shown in Fig. 1.19. The frequency of the oscillation is important, since the value of Tg depends on the time allowed for chain segment rotation. While this approach is not commonly used, as there are better methods, it does demonstrate one way in which a plastic’s physical properties change above and below the Tg. A more common mechanical method is dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). DMTA is also called dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) or dynamic thermomechanical analysis. An oscillating force is applied to a sample of material and the resulting

Figure 1.19. Tg estimate from an elastic modulus vs. temperature study.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Table 1.11. Recommended Conditions for Determination of MFR and MVR for Common Materials According to ISO and ASTM Guidelines (ex. 190/2.16 = 190°C with 2.16 kg weight) Plastic/Polymer Acetals (copolymer and homopolymer) Acrylics Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/ polycarbonate blends Cellulose esters Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE)

ASTM Standard Conditions (°C/kg)

ISO Standard Conditions (°C/kg)

190/2.16, 2.16, 1.05

190/2.16

230/1.2, 230/3.8

230/3.8

200/5.0, 230/3.8, 220/10

220/10

230/3.8, 250/1.2, 265/3.8, 265/5.0 190/0.325, 190/2.16, 190/21.60, 210/2.16 271.5/2.16

ETFE)

297/5.0

Nylon

275/0.325, 235/1.0, 235/2.16, 235/5.0, 275/5.0

Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) copolymer (FEP)

372/2.16

Perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA)

372/5.0

Polycaprolactone Polychlorotrifluorethylene (PCTFE) Polyether sulfone (PES)

125/2.16, 80/2.16 265/12.5 380/2.16, 360/10, 343/2.16, 125/0.325, 125/2.16, 250/1.2, 190/0.325, 190/2.16, 190/21.60, 190/10, 310/12.5

190/2.16, 190/21.6, 190/0.325, 190/5

Polycarbonate (PC)

300/1.2

300/1.2

Polypropylene (PP)

230/2.16

230/2.16

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) Polystyrene (PS)

365/5.0, 380/2.16 200/5.0, 230/1.2, 230/3.8, 190/5.0

Polysulfone (PSU)

343/2.16, 360/10

Polyterephthalate

250/2.16, 210/2.16, 285/2.16

Poly(vinyl acetal)

150/21.6

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF)

230/21.6, 230/5.0,

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)

315/5.0

Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) Styrenic thermoplastic elastomer Thermoplastic elastomer-ether-ester Thermoplastic elastomers (TEO) Vinylidene fluoride copolymers

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220/10, 230/10, 230/3.8,

200/5

220/10

190/2.16, 200/5.0 190/2.16, 220/2.16, 230/2.16, 240/2.16, 250/2.16 230/2.16 230/21.6, 230/5.0

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displacement of the sample is measured. From this the stiffness of the sample can be determined and the sample modulus can be calculated. A plot of loss modulus as a function of temperature shows a maximum at Tg, as shown in Fig. 1.20. Figure 1.20 shows a series of blends of HIPS and polyphenylene oxide (PPO). As the amount of PPO is increased the Tg increases. The single Tg indicates that these blends are miscible.

1.2.3.4.2 Thermal Methods of Estimating Tg Thermal methods of measuring Tg are based on DSC. In DSC, the thermal properties of a sample are compared against a standard reference material, typically inorganic, which has no transition such as a melting point in the temperature range of interest. The common reference material is powdered alumina. The sample and reference are each contained in a small holder within an adiabatic enclosure as illustrated in Fig. 1.21. The temperature of each holder is monitored by a thermocouple and heat can be supplied electri-

21

cally to each holder to keep the temperature of the two equal. The difference in the amount of heat required to maintain equal temperature is recorded. A plot of the difference in energy supplied against the average temperature is recorded. As the temperature is slowly increased, thermal transitions may be identified. The glass transition process for a glassy polymer that does not crystallize and is slowly heated from below Tg is illustrated in Fig. 1.22. Here, the drop marked Tg at its midpoint represents the increase in energy supplied to the sample to maintain it at the same temperature as the reference material, due to the relatively rapid increase in the heat capacity of the sample as its temperature is raised through Tg. The addition of heat energy corresponds to this endothermal direction. The specific heat or specific heat capacity (Cp) can be measured using DSC. It can change dramatically at Tg, as shown in Fig. 1.23. The value of Tg depends on the heating or cooling rate of the calorimetry experiment.

Figure 1.20. Tg estimate from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) study.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.21. Diagram of a DSC sample and reference cell.

Figure 1.22. Schematic of a DSC showing a Tg.

1.2.3.4.3 Volume Methods of Determining Tg The changes in conformation that occur above Tg require more volume; hence, plotting a graph of specific volume or thermal expansion coefficient vs. temperature will provide a value for Tg as shown in Fig. 1.24.

1.2.3.4.4 Electrical Methods of Determining Tg Dielectric Constant: If a varying electric field is applied to a polymeric material, any polar groups will align with the field. Below Tg, rotation of the bonds is not possible, so the permittivity will be low, with a large increase around Tg. At higher temperatures, the increased thermal vibrations cause the per-

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mittivity to drop again. If the frequency of the field is increased, the polar groups have less time to align; hence, the glass transition occurs at a higher temperature. This is shown in Fig. 1.25.

1.2.3.5 Melting Point Tm A melting process for the case of PET polymer is also illustrated in Fig. 1.26, which is slowly heated through its melting temperature, besides two other thermal transitions. Again, as the melting temperature is reached, an endothermal peak appears because heat must be preferentially added to the sample to continue this essentially constant temperature process. The peak

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23

Figure 1.23. Tg estimate from the change in specific heat capacity vs. temperature for a commercial polysulfone.

Figure 1.24. Tg estimate from the change in specific volume vs. temperature for a commercial polyethersulfone.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.25. Tg estimate from the change in dielectric constant (relative permeability).

Figure 1.26. Melting point estimation from a DSC of PET.

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breadth is primarily related to the size and degree of perfection of the polymer crystals. This DSC also provides additional information, the glass transition temperature and a crystallization temperature. Note that if the process was reversed so that the sample was being cooled from the melt, the plot would be approximately inverted at the melt point and glass transition temperature. This corresponds to an exothermal process.

1.2.3.6 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion The change in length per unit length of a material per degree of temperature change is called the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). The measurement of CLTE is covered by several ASTM and ISO methods: • ASTM D696-03 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30 and 30°C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer • ASTM E228-06 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer • ASTM E831-06 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis • ISO 11359-2:1999 Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature CLTE is commonly measured using a silica dilatometer. A plastic specimen is placed inside a silica tube and a silica rod is inserted into the tube. A dial gage or similar device is attached to the rod. The end of the tube containing the test material is placed in a –30°C constant temperature bath. When the gage no longer changes, the test specimen has reached a temperature of –30°C. The constant temperature bath is replaced by a 30°C constant temperature bath. After the specimen has reached a temperature of 30°C, the 30°C bath is replaced by the –30°C bath. After the specimen has reached a temperature of –30°C, the specimen is removed and measured at room temperature. ASTM D696 covers temperatures between –30 and 30°C. The CLTE (α) is calculated using the formula:

25

where ∆L is the change in length of the specimen; Lo the original length of the specimen; and ∆T is the temperature change during the test. Further information on polymer testing is available.6, 7, 8

1.3 Principles of Plastic Product Design Successful product design requires knowledge about the end-use and the materials that can be used. The knowledge requirement may be subdivided into: (1) requirements of the product, including usage environment, exposure conditions, performance needs; (2) knowledge of the behavior of plastic materials; (3) plastics processes and processing; and (4) economic constraints. Experience and training is required to relate this knowledge to meet the product needs. This book is loaded with extensive data on the behavior of plastics as a function of temperature and other factors. But how does one make use of all this data? Some discussion on mechanical and thermal properties relevant to design will help the inexperienced engineer get started. For successful use, a plastic must have appropriate (1) rigidity; (2) toughness; (3) resistance to long-term deformation also called creep (creep is the subject of another work); (4) recovery from deformation on release of stress; and (5) resistance to thermal degradation, adversely affecting properties. These must be at room temperature and over the range of operating conditions likely to be encountered. Other considerations depending on intended use and function include: (1) elasticity or flexibility;

α = ∆L/(LO*∆T)

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(2) odor and taste;

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

(3) flame/fire resistance; (4) electrical properties; (5) radiation/light resistance and weathering; (6) transparency and color, paintability; (7) moisture absorption; (8) chemical resistance; (9) wear resistance and slip; (10) permeability; and (11) dimensional stability.

1.3.1 Rigidity of Plastics Materials The rigidity of a plastic is determined by the ease with which the plastic is deformed under load. Modulus is the measure that corresponds to rigidity in plastics. In amorphous plastics at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature, all load is taken by bond bending and stretching of the polymers making up the plastic. The change in rigidity at Tg in an amorphous polymer is considerable. The modulus may drop more than three orders of magnitude. Further heating of a low to moderate uncross-linked plastic past its Tg would rapidly cause a drop of the modulus towards zero. However, in a high molecular weight plastic, such as cast poly(methyl methacrylate), the polymer chain entanglements would enable the material to maintain a significant rubbery modulus up to its decomposition temperature. Similar maintenance of the modulus above zero is achieved when the polymer is cross-linked. The more the cross-linking, the higher the modulus. Crystallinity can also restrict molecular movement of the polymer chains above Tg, raising the modulus. The higher the crystallinity, the more rigid the polymer. Some polymers tend to melt over a wide temperature range, in which case the modulus may fall over a range of temperatures leading up to the melting point Tm. The above effects are summarized in Fig. 1.27, where A is an amorphous polymer of moderate molecular weight, B is of such a high molecular weight that entanglements inhibit flow, C is lightly cross-linked, D is highly cross-linked, E has some crystallinity, and F has higher crystallinity. Curves A, B, and C of Fig. 1.27 show the “softening point” of an amorphous polymer, i.e., the temperature at which the modulus drops catastrophically is closely associated with Tg. Such softening does not occur in highly cross-linked polymers, as in curve D, unless degradation also takes place.

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 26

In the case of crystalline polymers, such as curves E and F of Fig. 1.27, the situation is more complex. There is some change in modulus around Tg, which decreases with increasing crystallinity and a catastrophic change around Tm. Furthermore, there are many polymers that soften progressively between Tg and Tm due to the wide melting range of the crystalline structures, and the value determined for the softening point can depend considerably on the test method used. Plastic materials, in general, are blends of polymers with additives and fillers. All the components may well affect the modulus. In practice, one is basically concerned with the rigidity of the product and this involves not only the modulus of the material but also the shape and size of the product. From the points of view of weight saving, economy of the material, and ease of processing, it is important to keep section thicknesses at a minimum required to achieve performance targets. Since flat or singly curved surfaces have a minimum rigidity the designer may wish to incorporate domed or other doubly curved surfaces or ribbing into the product in order to increase stiffness. Corrugation can also enhance stiffness, but in this case the enhancement varies with position, being greatest when measured at right angles to the corrugation.

1.3.2 The Assessment of Maximum Service Temperature The design engineer often must know the maximum temperature for which a polymer can be used in a given application. This depends largely on two independent factors: (1) The thermal stability of the polymer, particularly in air. (2) The softening behavior of the polymer. First, consider two polymers A and B. Let A “soften” at 120°C but have long-term thermal stability up to 200°C. On the other hand, polymer B softens at 200°C but degrades “at a measurable rate” above 90°C. Consideration of these figures, even allowing for the loose terminology, indicates that material A cannot be used much above 90°C for either long or short periods. In the case of polymer B, short-term service might be possible up to about 160–170°C but it cannot be used for prolonged periods much above 70–80°C.

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27

Figure 1.27. Schematic illustration of dependence of the modulus of a polymer on a variety of factors.

1.3.2.1 Assessment of Thermal Stability Over the years many attempts have been made to provide some measure of the maximum service temperature at which a material will be able to withstand without thermal degradation that would render it unfit for service. Quite clearly any figure will depend on the duration of likely exposure of the material to elevated temperatures. One assessment that is being increasingly quoted is the UL 746B Relative Temperature Index Test of the Underwriters Laboratories. This measure was previously known as the Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index. In order to obtain a temperature index rating, a large number of samples are subjected to oven aging at a variety of temperatures for periods up to a year. During the course of this time, samples are periodically withdrawn from the oven and tested. A plot is then made of the percentage retention in the value of the property measured (compared to its original control value) against time. The time and temperature that gives a 50% reduction in value of the property is noted. Somewhat arbitrarily this is taken as the failure time at that temperature. Using the data from experiments carried out after aging at several temperatures, the logarithm of the “50%” failure time is plotted against 1/°K. This type of plot is called an Arrhenius plot. The resulting linear line is then extrapolated to

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 27

the arbitrary time of 10,000 h. The temperature at which the failure time (as defined above) is 10,000 h is known as the relative temperature index (RTI). An RTI plot for a commercial polyphthalamide is shown in Fig. 1.28, which shows four data points. The log of hours of exposure is the Y-axis. The X-axis is plotted in °Kelvin (Kelvin equals °C + 273.15), and it is actually not linear but the inverse. This long-term thermal performance of a material is tested alongside a control material that already has an established RTI and exhibits a good performance. Such a control is necessary because thermal degradation characteristics are sensitive to variables in the testing program. The control is not shown in Fig. 1.28. Since the control material may also be affected by the same unique combination of these factors during the tests, there is a valid basis for comparison of test and control materials. It is to be expected that the RTI obtained would depend on the property assessed and three properties are assessed in UL 746B. (1) “Mechanical with impact” by measuring tensile impact strength. (2) “Mechanical without impact” by measuring tensile strength. (3) “Electrical” by measuring dielectric strength.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.28. A relative temperature index plot for a commercial polyphthalamide.

A value for the RTI is provided for each of these tests although in common experience it is found that similar numerical values are obtained. In addition, the RTI may be affected by the thickness of the sample, so this should be given in any RTI specification. Such a value for RTI will be specific to a particular grade of a polymer—sometimes even to a specific color. The difference between grades of a particular species of polymer can be substantial, depending both on the variation in the inherent stability of a material between differing manufacturing methods and on the type and amount of additives used. It is possible to obtain a Generic Temperature Index from the laboratory to cover a species of material but this will usually be considerably lower than that for many of the individual grades within that species. Some collected values for RTI taken from the literature are given in Table 1.12. (These are given for guidance only and should not be taken to imply official UL ratings.) Two particular test methods have become very widely used. They are the VST test and the HDT test (which is also widely known by the earlier name of heat distortion temperature test). These two tests were discussed earlier in Sections 1.2.3.1 and 1.2.3.2. While the Vicat test usually gives the higher values, the differences are quite modest with many poly-

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 28

mers (e.g. those of curves A, B, and C in Fig. 1.27). For example, in the case of the polycarbonate of bisphenol A the heat distortion temperatures are 135– 140°C and 140–146°C for the high and low stress levels, respectively, and the Vicat softening point is about 165°C. In the case of an acetal homopolymer the temperatures are 100, 170, and 185°C, respectively. With nylon 66, the two ASTM heat distortion tests give values as different as 75 and 200°C. A lowdensity polyethylene may have a Vicat temperature of 90°C but a heat distortion temperature below normal ambient temperatures. The differences in the assessment of softening point between the tests are clearly largely a matter that the “end-point” of the test measures a different modulus. Reference to Fig. 1.27 shows that with some materials (e.g. of curve A in Fig. 1.27) this will not be of great importance but with other types (e.g. curves E or F in Fig. 1.27) the difference could be very large. Simply, it might be said that the Vicat test gives a measure of the temperature at which a material loses its “form stability” while the higher stress level heat distortion temperature (1.82 MPa) test provides a measure of the temperature at which a material loses its load-bearing capacity. The lower stress (0.45 MPa) heat distortion temperature test gives some rather intermediate figures, and it is perhaps not surprising that it is less often quoted than the other two tests.

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29

Table 1.12. Some Collected Values for Relative Temperature Index (RTI) (Unless Otherwise Stated, Data are for “Mechanical Without Impact” and for Unreinforced Grades) Plastic

Sample

RTI (°C)

ABS

60–80

Nylons

75

Polyacetal

Homopolymer and copolymer

90

Styrenic PPO

Noryl 731

105

Polycarbonate (PC)

Lexan 101

125

Lexan 3414R (40% glass filled)

130

Polyarylate

Ardel D100

130

Poly(butylene terephthalate)

Pocan 81305

140

Pocan 83235 (30% g/f)

140

Petlon 4630 (30% g/f)

150

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polysulfone (PSU)

160

Polyetherimide

Ultem 1000

170

Polyphthalamide

Amodel A1133HS

180

Polyethersulfone

Victrex 200P

180

Poly(phenylene sulfide)

Supec G401 (40% g/f)

200

Aromatic polyester

Ekkcel 1-2000

220

Liquid crystal polyester Polyether ether ketone

220 Victrex PEEK

Some interesting differences are noted between amorphous and crystalline polymers when glass fiber reinforcement is incorporated into the polymer. In Fig. 1.29, it will be seen that incorporation of glass fiber has a minimal effect on the HDT of amorphous polymers (polystyrene, ABS, polycarbonate, and polysulfone) but large effects on crystalline polymers. It is particularly interesting, as well as being technically important, that for many crystalline polymers the unfilled polymer has a HDT (at 1.82 MPa stress) similar to Tg, whereas the filled polymers have values close to Tm (Table 1.13). Note that incorporation of glass fiber has a much greater effect with crystalline polymers than with amorphous ones.

1.3.3 Toughness Toughness is complex to define and difficult to understand. Tough thermoplastic resins are usually described as having high elongation to failure or ones that require a large amount of energy to cause failure. If the plastics are reinforced then they need high strength with low elongation. In many applications, the resistance to impact is the most important property

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 29

240

of a plastic material. It is also notoriously one of the most difficult to assess. If a rigid polymer is struck a blow at a temperature well below its glass transition temperature, deformation will be small before break occurs. Nevertheless, because of the high modulus, quite high tensile strengths will be recorded. But the energy required to cause the break will be given by the area under the stress–strain curve and it will not be very large as shown in Fig. 1.30A. On the other hand, if an amorphous polymer is struck above Tg, i.e., in the rubbery state, large extensions are possible before fracture occurs and, although the tensile strength will be much lower, the energy to break (the area under the curve as shown in Fig. 1.30B) will be much more, so that the material will be regarded as tough for many purposes. A common material performance need is a rigid plastic with the toughness of rubber. This can be achieved in a number of ways. (1) By the use of a moderately crystalline polymer with a Tg well below the expected service temperature (e.g. polyethylene).

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30

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.29. Heat deflection temperature under a load of 1.82 MPa for selected polymers showing the effect of added filler (30% glass fiber).

(2) By block copolymerization so that one component of the block copolymer has a Tg well below the expected service temperature range (e.g. polypropylene with small blocks of polyethylene or preferably polypropylene with small amorphous blocks of ethylene– propylene copolymer). (3) By blending with semicompatible materials that have a Tg well below the expected service temperature range (e.g. HIPS). (4) By the use of a polymer that has effective transitions at or below the expected service temperature range and is able to respond to stress by extensive deformation (e.g. polycarbonates). (5) By plasticization. This in effect reduces the Tg and in the case of nylon, which has absorbed small quantities of water, the toughening effect can be quite substantial. In terms of a stress–strain curve, a brittle material may be considered to be one that breaks without a yield while a tough material yields to give a substantial energy to break. Note that if a material has not broken

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 30

after being struck simply because it yielded to an unrecoverable extent the product may still be useless. Toughness is not simply a function of polymer structure or the mode of stressing. It will also depend on the temperature and the rate of striking but more important it will depend on the product design and method of manufacture. Stress tends to concentrate at defects such as the presence of notches, sharp angles, holes, voids, particle inclusions, or small inserts. Different polymers vary in their “notch sensitivity” and this is presumably a reflection of how close they are to their tough–brittle transitions. The aim of the designer and the processor must be to reduce such stress concentration to a minimum.

1.3.3.1 The Assessment of Impact Strength It is probably most useful to consider toughness as a property of a plastics part under some specified conditions of service. It is possible to devise impact tests and to rank a series of plastics materials according to the results obtained. However, it remains almost impossible to use such tests to try to predict

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31

Table 1.13. Comparison of Tg, Tm and Various Heat Performance Temperatures of Polymers With and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement (All Values in °C) Tm

Tg

Max Service

HDT .46

HDT 1.8

PPS unfilled

285

85

190

149

120

PPS 10% glass fiber

285

85

230

220

210

PPS 20% glass fiber

285

85

260

260

260

PPS 30% glass fiber

285

85

250

270

260

190

PPS 40% glass fiber

285

85

240

280

260

200

PPS 50% glass fiber

285

85

260

270

260

PPS 60% glass fiber

285

85

260

PPS 10% carbon fiber

285

85

250

260

249

PPS 20% carbon fiber

285

85

260

270

260

PPS 30% carbon fiber

285

85

260

260

260

PPS 40% carbon fiber

285

85

260

260

260

PPS 50% carbon fiber

285

85

260

260

260

PPS 60% carbon fiber

285

85

260

260

260

PBT unfilled

225

23–43

70

150

61

160

110

PBT 10% glass fiber

225

23–43

150

190

170

210

100

PBT 20% glass fiber

225

23–43

170

210

180

190

130

PBT 30% glass fiber

225

23–43

190

220

200

190

130

PBT 40% glass fiber

225

23–43

190

220

210

PBT 50% glass fiber

225

23–43

190

220

210

210

130

ABS unfilled

100

105

86

96

91

100

63

ABS 10% glass fiber

100

105

100

104

100

ABS 20% glass fiber

100

105

100

110

100

100

110

ABS 30% glass fiber

100

105

110

110

100

ABS 40% glass fiber

100

105

110

110

110

Plastic

whether an article made from a specific material will or will not be satisfactory in service. Some of the factors that will influence service performance are given below: (1) The effect of additives and impurities; (2) Temperature; (3) Geometric size and shape; (4) Orientation and morphology; (5) Surface condition; (6) Energy and speed of any impacting blow; (7) The shape of the impacting instrument; (8) The environment; and (9) Strains in the article due to external loads.

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 31

Vicat

RTI

260

For this reason it is desirable, but not always feasible, to test prototype articles under conditions as close to service conditions as possible. Impact tests are, however, used to try to compare the impact strength of different materials. Of these tests, four merit specific mention. These are the Izod test, the Charpy test, the falling weight tests, and the tensile impact test. Of these, the most well known is the Izod test. This test is discussed in detail in Section 1.2.2.1. Because of the stress concentrations around the notch, much lower impact strengths are recorded with notched specimens than with unnotched specimens. While Izod tests are generally reproducible, it has been found impossible to scale up the results and predict the energy required to break a bar of large crosssection from results obtained with a bar of smaller

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32

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

A) Rigid polymer, below Tg has very high tensile strength, but less area under the curve = less energy to break

B) Rigid polymer, above Tg has lower tensile strength, but more area under curve = more energy to break Figure 1.30. Stress vs. strain curves for two plastics.

cross-section. This has led to some uncertainty in the method of quoting results and the following approaches are used:

has been found that on reducing the notch width from 1/2” to 1/8” the impact strength of a polycarbonate increased by a factor of 5.4.

(1) Energy to break. This is quoted usually in joules. The result will only apply to one set of sample dimensions. It is not possible to allow for any change in specimen dimensions.

(3) The energy to break per fractured area. This will be the cross-sectional area of the sample less the area of the notch (as projected on the cross-section). The units used in this method are most commonly kJ/m2.

(2) Energy to break per unit width of sample. In notched specimens, this is taken as the energy to break per unit width of notch. In this case the results are quoted in such units as joules per millimeter of notch. The values obtained depend on the notch width. For example, it

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 32

A related alternative to the Izod test is the Charpy test (preferred in ISO standards) in which a sample supported (not gripped) at each end is subjected to an impact at the center. According to the test, a notch

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

may be present in the center of the sample on the face opposite to that subjected to impact. Because of the diversity of the sources of data for this book, the Izod and Charpy data frequently referred to are expressed in a variety of units according to the test method used and little attempt has been made to convert the data to the use of a common unit except to convert to metric units. The presence of notches, sharp angles, voids, particle inclusions, and small inserts tends to concentrate stress on impact. One way of studying the sensitivity of a polymer or polymer compound to stress concentration is to carry out a series of tests with different notch angles or notch tip radii. Materials vary enormously in their notch sensitivity as shown in Fig. 1.31. Materials like unplasticized PVC, nylon, polyacetals, and polycarbonates (not shown in the diagram) are very sensitive to sharp notches. ABS, although good at high stress concentrations, does not perform so well relative to PVC, nylon, and polyacetal at the blunter notch radii. Other impact tests widely used are the falling weight tests, in which a weight is allowed to fall onto a supported flat or domed surface and the tensile impact tests in which a sample is subjected to a sudden shock in tension. While the last named test provides results more amenable to theoretical study, plastics products are not commonly subjected to this type of impact and producer data are limited.

33

1.3.3.2 Time Dependent Behavior Plastics are affected by stress, impact, temperature, and environmental conditions and these are all timedependent. Long-term behavior is the subject of another book in this series and is not discussed further here.

1.3.3.3 Selection Guides Selection and evaluation of materials can be very complex. The following series of questions is based on material from the San Diego Plastics website. It shows the wide variety of considerations one must take when selecting a plastic material for an application. It may be necessary to ask some or all of the following questions to define the performance needs of a plastic material for a particular application. (1) WHAT LOAD WILL THE PLASTIC PART HAVE TO CARRY? (a) Will it carry high loads? (b) What will the highest load be? (c) What is the maximum stress in the part? (d) What kind of stress is it (tensile, flexural, torsional, etc.)? (e) How long will the load be applied? (f) What is the projected life of the part?

Figure 1.31. Impact strength vs. notch radius for various plastics.

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 33

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34

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Thermosets often perform well under high continuous loads. Reinforced thermoplastics, such as thermoplastic polyester, may also perform satisfactorily. (2) WILL THE PART HAVE TO WITHSTAND IMPACT? (a) Will the part be subjected to impact?

(f) Will the material be submerged or wiped with solvents or other chemicals? If so, which ones? (g) Will the material be exposed to chemical or solvent vapors? If so, which ones and at what temperature?

(b) Which impact test/data closely duplicates the impact occurring in this application?

(h) Will the material be exposed to other materials that can outgas or leach detrimental materials, such as plasticizers?

Reinforced plastics, such as glass-reinforced thermosets like epoxy, melamine, or phenolic, generally have good impact strength. Polycarbonate and UHMW polyethylene also exhibit excellent impact resistance.

Fluoroplastics, crystalline, and thermoset materials generally exhibit good chemical resistance. Chemical resistance is the subject of other books and databases in this series.

(3) WILL THE PART BE SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING (FATIGUE)? (a) Will the part be subjected to a variable load? (b) Is the load alternating compressive/tensile? (c) What will the stress levels be? (d) What is the thickness of the part being flexed? (e) How much will the part be deflected? Fatigue is the subject of another book in this series and is not discussed in this book. However, materials like acetal and nylon are generally good candidates for cyclic loading. (4) WHAT TEMPERATURES WILL THE PART BE SUBJECTED TO AND FOR HOW LONG? (a) What is the maximum temperature the material will withstand while in use? (b) What is the minimum temperature the material will withstand while in use? (c) How long will the material be at these temperatures? (d) Will the material have to withstand impact at the low temperature? (5) WILL THE MATERIAL BE EXPOSED TO CHEMICALS OR MOISTURE? (a) Will the material be exposed to normal relative humidity? (b) Will the material be submerged in water? If so, at what temperature? (c) Will the material be exposed to steam? (d) Will the material be autoclaved? (e) Will the material be painted?

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 34

(6) WILL THE MATERIAL BE USED IN AN ELECTRICAL APPLICATION? (a) What voltages will the part be exposed to? (b) Alternating (AC) or direct (DC) current? (c) If AC, what frequencies? (d) Where will the voltage be applied (opposite side of the material, on one surface of the material, etc.)? Enough carbon reinforcement can make a plastic conductive. Temperature can also dramatically affect electrical properties. (7) WILL THE MATERIAL BE USED AS A BEARING OR NEED TO RESIST WEAR? (a) Will the material be expected to perform as a bearing? (b) If so, what will the load, shaft diameter, shaft material, shaft finish, and rpm be? (c) What wear or abrasion conditions will the material withstand? (d) Will a lubricant be used? Materials with friction reducers added, such as PTFE, molybdenum disulfide, or graphite, generally exhibit less wear in rubbing applications. Tribology is the subject of another book in this series. (8) DOES THE PART HAVE TO RETAIN ITS DIMENSIONAL SHAPE? (a) What kind of dimensional stability is required? An application requiring a very high level of dimensional stability may not be suitable for plastic materials. Remember that plastic materials generally

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

expand and contract more with changes in temperature than metals. They may also expand and contract to different extents in different directions (flow and cross-flow). The most stable plastics are reinforced with glass, minerals, etc. (9)WILL THE MATERIAL HAVE TO STRETCH OR BEND A LOT? (a)Are rubber-like properties needed? (b)Does the material have to stretch? A flexible material like flexible vinyls, urethanes, rubber, or a thermoplastic elastomer may be used. (10) WILL THE PART HAVE TO MEET ANY REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS? (a) Is an Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL) listed material required? If so, which rating?

35

(b) Does it have to match anything else? (c) Is a textured surface needed? (14) DOES THE PART HAVE ANY OPTICAL REQUIREMENTS? (a) Does the material need to be transparent? (b) Does the material need to transmit any particular wavelengths? If so, which ones? Acrylics, polycarbonates, and amorphous polymers (such as amorphous nylon) in general have excellent optical properties. (15) WILL THE PART BE USED OUTDOORS? Acrylics have excellent weatherability. UV-stabilized compounds are often used. The effects of UV light and weather are the subject of another book in this series.

(b) Is a UL yellow card required? (c) Is a low smoke generating material required (FAA)?

(16) CAN THE MATERIAL GIVE OFF ANY VOLATILES?

(d) Is an FDA-approved material required?

This is often referred to as outgassing and usually occurs at elevated temperatures. The remainder of this section contains several general selection guides in Figs. 1.32–1.36 in graphical form. There are plastics in these guides that are not discussed in this book. These are generally thermosets. More detailed guides on material selection and product design are available from many of the large plastics manufacturers and the literature.9, 10, 11

(e) Does the material have any taste or odor? Make sure the supplier has approval from the desired agency and not just its own lab. Obtain written proof of approval. (11) DOES THE MATERIAL OR FILM HAVE TO PREVENT CERTAIN GASES OR LIQUIDS FROM PASSING THROUGH? (a) Does the material have to be impermeable to gases and/or liquids? If so, which ones? Permeability is the subject of another book in this series. This is important for packaging foods and some medical applications. (12) WILL THE PART BE EXPOSED TO ANY RADIATION? (a) Will the material be exposed to radiation? If so, how much and how long? This requirement could occur for military, utility (atomic power plants), or medical applications. The effects of radiation and sterilization methods are the subjects of another book in this series. (13) DOES THE MATERIAL HAVE TO HAVE A SPECIAL COLOR AND/OR APPEARANCE? (a) What color material is desired?

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 35

1.4 Summary The rest of this book consists of property data on many plastics and elastomers. Chapters 2 through 10 contain multipoint data in the form of plots. The plastics are grouped by the basic chemical structures of the plastics. Each of these chapters contains a short introduction that describes the basic chemical structures of the plastics in that chapter. The figures that follow contain the multipoint data. They are grouped by the type of data. Generally, the chapter begins with the stress versus strain curves , followed by various modulus measurements, strength measures, other physical properties, and electrical properties. These properties are measured by the appropriate ISO or ASTM standards. Chapter 11 contains mechanical and electrical data on hundreds of plastics in tabular form. This data is described in the standard ISO 10350-1:1998, which

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36

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.32. Selection guide based on mechanical properties.

Figure 1.33. Selection guide based on chemical resistance.

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 36

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

37

Figure 1.34. Selection guide based on continuous operating temperature.

Figure 1.35. Heat deflection data on generic family of plastics.

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 37

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 1.36. Selection guide based on other properties.

38

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 38

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1: Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers

is titled: Plastics—Acquisition and presentation of comparable single-point data—Part 1: Molding materials. This standard ISO 10350 identifies specific test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of comparable data for many basic properties of plastics. The properties included are often in the manufacturers’ technical data sheets. All the data are defined by ISO standards rather than ASTM standards. Part 1 applies to unreinforced and reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. While similar ASTM standard based data may be available, these tables do not include those data. Chapter 12 contains thermal data in tabular form similar to that in Chapter 11.

39

5.

6.

7.

References 1. Utracki, L.A. (2002). Polymer Blends Handbook, Volumes 1–2. Springer-Verlag. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc. jsp?BookID=1117&VerticalID=0. 2. Utracki, L.A. (1998). Commercial Polymer Blends. Springer-Verlag. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc. jsp?BookID=878&VerticalID=0. 3. Utracki, L.A. (1994). Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Commercial Polymer Blends. ChemTec Publishing. Online version available at: http://www. knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=285&Ver ticalID=0. 4. Flick, E.W. (1993). Plastics Additives—An Industrial Guide (2nd Edition). William Andrew

Mckeen_Ch01.indd 39

8.

9.

10.

11.

Publishing/Noyes. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookI D=353&VerticalID=0. Pritchard, G. (1998). Plastics Additives—An AZ Reference. Springer-Verlag. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/ Toc.jsp?BookID=335&VerticalID=0. Shah, V.(1998). Handbook of Plastics Testing Technology (2nd Edition). John Wiley & Sons. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=970&VerticalID=0. Berins, M.L. (1991). SPI Plastics Engineering Handbook of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (5th Edition). (pp. 801–819). SpringerVerlag. Online version available at: http://www. knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=347&Ver ticalID=0. Rosato, D.V., Rosato D.V., Rosato M.G. (2001). Plastics Design Handbook. (pp. 296–334). Springer-Verlag. Online version available at: http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID =539&VerticalID=0. Campo, E.A. (forthcoming). Selection of Polymeric Materials: How to Select Design Properties from Different Standards. Plastics Design Library. William Andrew Publishing. MacDermott, A.V. et al. (1997). Selecting Thermoplastics for Engineering Applications (Plastics Engineering, 42). CRC. Rosato, D.V. et al. (2005). Plastic Product Material and Process Selection Handbook. Elsevier Science.

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2 Styrenic Plastics 2.1 Background This chapter on styrenic plastics covers a broad class of polymeric materials of which an important part is styrene. Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH=CH2. Its structure is shown in Fig. 2.1. It is used as a monomer to make plastics such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), and other polymers discussed in this chapter.

2.1.1 Polystyrene Polystyrene is the simplest plastic based on styrene. Its structure is shown in Fig. 2.2. Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. Polystyrene can be transparent or can be made in various colors. It is economical and is used for producing plastic model assembly kits, plastic cutlery, CD “jewel” cases, and many other objects where a fairly rigid, economical plastic is desired. Polystyrene’s most common use, however, is as expanded polystyrene (EPS). EPS is produced from a mixture of about 5%–10% gaseous blowing agent (most commonly pentane or carbon dioxide) and 90%–95% polystyrene by weight. The solid plastic beads are expanded into foam by using heat (usually steam). The heating is carried out in a large vessel having a capacity of 200–2,000 liters. An agitator is used to keep the beads from fusing together. The expanded beads being lighter than the unexpanded beads are forced to the top of the vessel and removed. This expansion process lowers the density of the beads to 3% of their original value and yields a smooth-skinned, closed cell structure. Then, the pre-expanded beads are usually “aged” for at least 24 h in mesh storage silos. This allows air to diffuse into the beads, cooling them,

Figure 2.1. Chemical structure of styrene.

and making them harder. These expanded beads are excellent for detailed molding. Extruded polystyrene (XPS), which is different from EPS, is commonly known by the trade name Styrofoam™. All these foams are not of interest in this book. One of the most important plastics is high-impact polystyrene (HIPS). This is a polystyrene matrix that is imbedded with an impact modifier, which is basically a rubber-like polymer such as polybutadiene. This is shown in Fig. 2.3.

2.1.2 Acrylonitrile-StyreneAcrylate (ASA) ASA is the acronym for acrylate rubber modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. ASA is a terpolymer that can be produced either by a reaction process of all three monomers or by a graft process. ASA is

Figure 2.2. Chemical structure of polystyrene.

Figure 2.3. The structure of high-impact polystyrene.

41

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

usually prepared by introducing a grafted acrylic ester elastomer during the copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile, known as SAN. SAN is described in the next section of this chapter. The finely divided elastomer powder is uniformly distributed and grafted to the SAN molecular chains. The outstanding weatherability of ASA is due to the acrylic ester elastomer. ASA polymers are amorphous plastics, which have mechanical properties similar to those of the ABS resins described in Section 2.1.4. However, the ASA properties are far less affected by outdoor weathering. ASA resins are available in natural, off-white, and a broad range of standard and custom-matched colors. ASA resins can be compounded with other polymers to make alloys and compounds that benefit from ASA’s weather resistance. ASA is used in many products including lawn and garden equipments, sporting goods, automotive exterior parts, safety helmets, and building materials.

2.1.3 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Styrene and acrylonitrile monomers can be copolymerized to form a random, amorphous copolymer that has good weatherability, stress crack resistance, and barrier properties. The copolymer is called styreneacrylonitrile or SAN. The SAN copolymer generally contains 70%–80% styrene and 20%–30% acrylonitrile. It is a simple random copolymer. This monomer combination provides higher strength, rigidity, and chemical resistance than polystyrene, but it is not as clear as crystal polystyrene and its appearance tends to discolor more quickly. The general structure is shown in Fig. 2.4. SAN is used for household goods and tablewares, in cosmetics packaging, sanitary and toiletry articles, writing materials, and office supplies.

2.1.4 Acrylonitrile-ButadieneStyrene (ABS) Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is a common thermoplastic used to make light, rigid, molded products such as pipes, automotive body parts, wheel covers, enclosures, protective head gears, etc. SAN copolymers are available since 1940s and while its increased toughness over styrene made it suitable for many applications, its limitations led to the introduction of a rubber, butadiene, as the third monomer producing a range of materials popularly referred to as ABS plastics. These became available in the 1950s and the availability of these plastics and ease of processing led ABS to become one of the most popular of the engineering polymers. The chemical structures of the monomers are shown in Fig. 2.5. The proportions of the monomers typically range from 15% to 35% acrylonitrile, 5%–30% butadiene, and 40%–60% styrene. It can be found as a graft copolymer, in which SAN polymer is formed in a polymerization system in the presence of polybutadiene rubber latex; the final product is a complex mixture consisting of SAN copolymer, a graft polymer of SAN and polybutadiene, and some free polybutadiene rubber.

2.1.5 Styrene-Maleic Anhydride (SMA) Copolymerization of styrene with maleic anhydride creates a copolymer called styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA). This reaction is shown in Fig. 2.6. SMA has a higher glass-transition temperature than polystyrene and is chemically reactive because of active functional groups. Thus, SMA polymers are often used in blends or composites where interaction or reaction of the maleic anhydride causes desirable interfacial effects. The anhydride reaction with primary amines is particularly potent.

2.1.6 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs)

Figure 2.4. Chemical structure of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN).

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SBC is a commercially important thermoplastic elastomer. The polymer is made of three separate polymeric blocks (see Section 1.1.2 for an explanation of block copolymers). At one end is a hard polystyrene block, in the middle a long polybutadiene (or other elastomeric) block, followed by a second hard block of polystyrene. These blocks are immiscible, so they

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form discrete domains of polystyrene within a polybutadiene matrix. The separate domains are chemically connected. This is shown in Fig. 2.7, and it is similar to HIPS, except that the continuous phase and hard discrete phase are switched in SBC and the domains are connected. One additional property of interest is that some SBCs blend well with general purpose polystyrene, allowing customization of properties.

2.1.7 Blends While the number of styrenic blends might seem limitless, compatibility and morphology limit blend

43

types. Styrenic blends are numerous but most are limited only to a couple of types. The most important blend is ABS and polycarbonate (PC). The next important blend is ABS and polyamide (or nylon, PA). Polystyrene and polyethylene are often used in expandable foams. Polystyrene and polyphenylene ether (PPE or PPO) are commercially important blends which are covered in later chapters. The other classes of the styrenic blends are not major product lines but can be very important in some applications. Graphs showing the properties of styrene-based plastics as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 2.2–2.8.

Figure 2.5. Chemical structure of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) raw materials.

Figure 2.6. The production of styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA).

Figure 2.7. The “microscopic” structure of styrenic block copolymers (SBC).

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2.2 Polystyrene

Figure 2.8. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Polystyrene 158 K—general purpose, heat resistant polystyrene resin.

Figure 2.9. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Polystyrene 454 C—impact resistant polysty-

rene resin.

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Figure 2.10. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Dow Styron™ 457—high-impact polystyrene resin.

Figure 2.11. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Dow Styron™ 648—general purpose polystyrene resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.12. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for two BASF Polystyrene resins.

Figure 2.13. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Dow Styron™ 6075—ignition resistant polystyrene resin.

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Figure 2.14. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for two BASF Polystyrene resins.

Figure 2.15. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Dow Styron™ 6075—ignition resistant polystyrene resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.16. Notched Izod impact vs. temperature for Dow Styron™ 6075—ignition resistant polystyrene

resin

Figure 2.17. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT diagram) for BASF Polystyrene 454 C—impact resistant polystyrene resin.

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Figure 2.18. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for two BASF Polystyrene resins.

Figure 2.19. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for two Dow Styron™ Polystyrene resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.20. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for two Dow Styron™ Polystyrene resins.

Figure 2.21. Enthalpy (heat content) vs. temperature for Dow Styron™ Polystyrene resins.

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2.3 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate (ASA)

Figure 2.22. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® S 757 R—general purpose molding grade ASA resin.

Figure 2.23. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® S 757 S—tough and strong ASA resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.24. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® S 778 T—tough and heat resistant ASA resin.

Figure 2.25. Stress vs. strain in compression for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy® CR7520—high impact automotive ASA resin.

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Figure 2.26. Shear modulus vs. temperature for BASF Luran® ASA resins.

Figure 2.27. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy® ASA resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.28. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for BASF Luran® S 757 R— general purpose molding grade ASA resin.

Figure 2.29. Falling dart impact vs. temperature for BASF Luran® ASA resins.

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Figure 2.30. Penetration energy vs. temperature for BASF Luran® ASA resins.

2.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN)

Figure 2.31. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® 368 R—general purpose SAN resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.32. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® 378P—easy flow, chemical resistant grade SAN resin.

Figure 2.33. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® 378P G7—glass reinforced grade SAN resin.

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Figure 2.34. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Luran® 388S—high mechanical strength, chemical resistant grade SAN resin.

Figure 2.35. Tensile stress vs. strain for Dow Chemical Tyril™ 790—general purpose grade SAN resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.36. Tensile stress vs. strain for Dow Chemical Tyril™ 905—general purpose grade SAN resin.

Figure 2.37. Tensile stress vs. strain for Polimeri Europa Kostil® B 265—general purpose SAN resin.

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Figure 2.38. Shear modulus vs. temperature for BASF Luran® SAN resins.

Figure 2.39. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Dow Chemical Tyril™ SAN resins.

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Figure 2.40. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Polimeri Europa Kostil® SAN resins

Figure 2.41. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF Luran® SAN resins.

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Figure 2.42. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for BASF Luran® 368 R—general purpose SAN resin.

2.5 Acrylonitrile-ButadieneStyrene (ABS)

Figure 2.43. Tensile stress vs. strain for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® EX39—high impact extrusion ABS resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.44. Tensile stress vs. strain for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® KJB—medium impact, wide processing range ABS resin.

Figure 2.45. Tensile stress vs. strain for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® MGABS01—high impact, high gloss, good flow injection molding ABS resin.

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Figure 2.46. Tensile stress vs. strain for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® Z48—high heat resistant, medium impact, good strength ABS resin.

Figure 2.47. Tensile stress vs. strain for Dow Chemical Magnum™ 1040—high impact automotive ABS resin.

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Figure 2.48. Tensile stress vs. strain for Dow Chemical Magnum™ 2620—healthcare ABS resin.

Figure 2.49. Tensile stress vs. strain for LANXESS AG Novodur® P2H-AT—standard impact, easy flow, high gloss, antistatic ABS resin.

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Figure 2.50. Tensile stress vs. strain for LANXESS AG Novodur® P3H-AT—improved chemical resistant, high gloss, antistatic ABS resin.

Figure 2.51. Tensile stress vs. strain for Terluran® GP-22—general purpose ABS resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.52. Tensile stress vs. strain for Terluran® GP-35—very high flow, high impact ABS resin.

Figure 2.53. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Terluran® HH-106—high heat, high impact ABS resin.

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Figure 2.54. Tensile stress vs. strain for BASF Terluran® HI-10—high impact ABS resin.

Figure 2.55. Tensile stress vs. strain for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ 100—general purpose, high impact strength ABS resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.56. Tensile stress vs. strain for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ 500—general purpose, high rigidity ABS resin.

Figure 2.57. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® ABS resins.

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Figure 2.58. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ antistatic ABS resins.

Figure 2.59. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.60. Modulus of bending elasticity vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins.

Figure 2.61. Shear modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® ABS resinss.

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Figure 2.62. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Dow Chemical Magnum™ ABS resins.

Figure 2.63. Shear modulus vs. temperature for LANXESS AG Novodur® ABS resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.64. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF Terluran® ABS resins.

Figure 2.65. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins.

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Figure 2.66. Tensile strength at break vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ antistatic ABS resins.

Figure 2.67. Tensile strength at yield vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins.

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Figure 2.68. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Tyolac™ ABS resins.

Figure 2.69. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ antistatic ABS resins.

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Figure 2.70. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ transparent ABS resins.

Figure 2.71. Rockwell hardness vs. temperature for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.72. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® Z48—high heat resistant, medium impact, ABS resin.

Figure 2.73. Coefficient of thermal expansion vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® ABS resins.

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Figure 2.74. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for Dow Chemical Magnum™ ABS resins.

Figure 2.75. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for Dow Chemical Magnum ABS resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.76. Surface resistivity vs. relative humidity for Toray Plastics Toyolac™ antistatic ABS resins.

2.6 Styrene-Maleic-Anhydride (SMA)

Figure 2.77. Tensile stress vs. strain for SABIC Innovative Plastics Prevex® IP-16 SMA resin.

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Figure 2.78. Tensile stress vs. strain in compression for SABIC Innovative Plastics Prevex® IP-16 SMA resin.

Figure 2.79. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Dow Chemical Dylark® SMA resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 2.80. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Dow Chemical Dylark SMA resins.

Figure 2.81. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Bayer Cadon® SMA resins.

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Figure 2.82. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Dow Chemical Dylark® SMA resins.

Figure 2.83. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Bayer Cadon® SMA resins.

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Figure 2.84. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Nova Chemicals Dylark® SMA resins.

Figure 2.85. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for SABIC Innovative Plastics Prevex® IP-16 SMA resin.

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2.7 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs)

Figure 2.86. Stress vs. strain at 23°C for BASF Styrolux® SBC resins.

Figure 2.87. Young’s modulus vs. polystyrene content for BASF Styrolux® 3G55—Sheet extrusion SBC

resin.

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Figure 2.88. Penetration energy (ISO 6603-2) vs. polystyrene content for BASF Styrolux® 684D—general purpose SBC resin.

Figure 2.89. Vicat softening temperature vs. polystyrene content for BASF Styrolux® 684D—general purpose

SBC resin.

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Figure 2.90. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT diagram) for BASF Styrolux®

656 C—high flow SBC resin.

2.8 Styrenic Blends and Alloys

Figure 2.91. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T85—general purpose injection molding grade ABS/PC resin.

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Figure 2.92. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T88-2N—10% glass fiber filled ABS/PC resin.

Figure 2.93. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T88-4N—20% glass fiber filled ABS/PC resin.

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Figure 2.94. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1000HF— general purpose, high flow ABS/PC resin.

Figure 2.95. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1200HF— general purpose, high heat, high flow ABS/PC resin.

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Figure 2.96. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy EHA—platable, high heat ABS/PC resin (plated for test).

Figure 2.97. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy EHA—platable, high heat ABS/PC resin (unplated for test).

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Figure 2.98. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Terblend® N NG04—20% glass fiber ABS/PA resin.

Figure 2.99. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for LANXESS Triax® 1120—standard injection molding grade ABS/PA resin.

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Figure 2.100. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® ABS/PC resins.

Figure 2.101. Shear modulus vs. temperature for two LANXESS Triax® ABS/PA resins.

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Figure 2.102. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy EHA—platable, high heat ABS/PC resin.

Figure 2.103. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF Terblend® ABS/PA resins.

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Figure 2.104. Tensile strength at yield vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy EHA—platable, high heat ABS/PC resin.

Figure 2.105. Charpy impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy ABS/PC resins.

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Figure 2.106. Charpy impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy ABS/PC resins.

Figure 2.107. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1100HF—general purpose medium heat ABS/PC resin.

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Figure 2.108. Puncture impact test (ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1200HF—general purpose high heat ABS/PC resin.

Figure 2.109. Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) for Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T88-2N—10% glass fiber filled ABS/PC resin.

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Figure 2.110. Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) for SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1200HF—general purpose, high heat ABS/PC resin.

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3 Polyether Plastics 3.1 Background This chapter covers polymers in which the most important linking group is the ether moiety, which is –O–.

3.1.1 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer) Acetal polymers, also known as polyoxymethylene (POM) or polyacetal, are formaldehyde-based thermoplastics that have been commercially available since the 1960s. Polyformaldehyde is thermally unstable. It decomposes on heating to yield formaldehyde gas. Two methods of stabilizing polyformaldehyde for use as an engineering polymer were developed and introduced by DuPont, in 1959, and Celanese in 1962 (now Ticona). DuPont’s method for making polyacetal yields a homopolymer through the condensation reaction of polyformaldehyde and acetic acid (or acetic anhydride). The acetic acid puts the acetate groups (CH3COO–) at the ends of the polymer as shown in Fig. 3.1 which provide thermal protection against decomposition to formaldehyde. Further stabilization of acetal polymers also includes the addition of antioxidants and acid scavengers.

Figure 3.1. Chemical structure of acetal homopolymer.

Polyacetals are subject to oxidative and acidic degradation, which leads to molecular weight decline. Once the chain of the homopolymer is ruptured by such an attack, the exposed polyformaldehyde ends may decompose to formaldehyde and acetic acid.

3.1.2 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer) The Celanese method for the production of polyacetal yields a more stable copolymer product via the reaction of trioxane, a cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, and a cyclic ether, such as ethylene oxide, or 1,3-dioxolane. The structures of these monomers are shown in Fig. 3.2. The polymer structure is given in Fig. 3.3. .The improved thermal and chemical stability of the copolymer versus the homopolymer is a result of randomly distributed oxyethylene groups, which is circled

Figure 3.2. Chemical structure of polyoxymethylene copolymer monomers.

Figure 3.3. Chemical structure of acetal copolymer.

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in Fig. 3.3. All polyacetals are subject to oxidative and acidic degradation which leads to molecular weight reduction. However, degradation of the copolymer ceases, when one of the randomly distributed oxyethylene linkages is reached. These groups offer stability to oxidative, thermal, acidic, and alkaline attack. The raw copolymer is hydrolyzed to an oxyethylene end cap to provide thermally stable polyacetal copolymer. The copolymer is also more stable than the homopolymer in an alkaline environment. Its oxyethylene end cap is stable in the presence of strong bases. The acetate end cap of the homopolymer, however, is readily hydrolyzed in the presence of alkalis, causing significant polymer degradation. The homopolymer is more crystalline than the copolymer. The homopolymer provides better mechanical properties, except elongation. The oxyethylene groups of the copolymer provide improved long-term chemical and environmental stability. The copolymer’s chemical stability results in better retention of mechanical properties over an extended product life. Due to their toughness, abrasion resistance, and ability to withstand prolonged stresses with minimal creep, acetal polymers have been particularly successful in replacing cast and stamped metal parts. Polyacetals are inherently self-lubricating. Their lubricity allows them to be incorporated in a variety of metal-to-polymer and polymer-to-polymer interface applications such as bearings, gears, and switch plungers. These properties of polyacetals have permitted the material to meet a wide range of market requirements. The properties of polyacetals can be summarized as follows:

3.1.3 Modified Polyphenylene Ether/Polyphenylene Oxides (PPE or PPO) Polyphenylene (PPE) plastics are also referred to as polyphenylene oxide (PPO). The structure of the polymer is shown in Fig. 3.4. The PPE materials are always blended or alloyed with other plastics, so they are called modified PPE or PPO. PPE is compatible with polystyrene (PS) and is usually blended with high-impact PS over a wide range of ratios. Since both PPE and PS plastics are hydrophobic, the alloys have very low water-absorption rates and high dimensional stability. They exhibit excellent dielectric properties over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. PPE or PS alloys are supplied in flame-retardant, filled, and reinforced structural foam molding grades. PPE can also be alloyed with polyamide (nylon) plastics to provide increased resistance to organic chemicals and better high-temperature performance. End-uses of PPE include automotive electrical applications, water pump impellers, HVAC equipment, solar heating systems, packaging, and circuit breakers. Graphs showing the properties of polyether-based plastics as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 3.2–3.4.

• Excellent wear resistance • Very good strength and stiffness • Good heat resistance • Excellent chemical resistance • Opaque • Moderate to high price • Restricted processing

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Figure 3.4. Chemical structure of polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxides (PPE or PPO).

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3.2 Acetals—Polyoxymethylene POM

Figure 3.5. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100P NC010—general purpose, high viscosity with improved processing acetal resin.

Figure 3.6. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500MP NC010—general purpose, medium viscosity, containing Teflon® PTFE micropowder acetal resin.

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Figure 3.7. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 525GR NC000—25% glass fiber reinforced acetal resin.

Figure 3.8. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 570—medium viscosity, 20% glass fiber reinforced, high stiffness acetal resin.

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Figure 3.9. Stress vs. strain in tension and compression for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® acetal resin at 23°C.

Figure 3.10. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for various DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® acetal resins.

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Figure 3.11. Shear modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100, 500, 900––acetal resins.

Figure 3.12. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100, 500T, 100ST––acetal resins (at 5 mm/min).

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Figure 3.13. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® acetal resins (at 5.1 mm/min crosshead speed).

Figure 3.14. Tensile yield strength vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® acetal resins (at 5.1 mm/min crosshead speed).

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Figure 3.15. Notched Izod impact strength vs. humidity for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500— medium viscosity acetal resin at 23°C.

Figure 3.16. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100— high viscosity general purpose acetal resin.

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Figure 3.17. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500— medium viscosity acetal resin.

Figure 3.18. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 107 NC010—high viscosity, UV stabilized acetal resin.

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Figure 3.19. Change in length vs. temperature and humidity for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100 and 500—acetal resins.

Figure 3.20. Change in length vs. temperature and humidity for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100P, 500P, and 900P—acetal resins.

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Figure 3.21. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 50% relative humidity after immersion in water at 23°C for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500P—medium viscosity with improved processing acetal resin.

Figure 3.22. Dielectric constant vs. moisture content at 23°C for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500 NC010—medium viscosity acetal resin.

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Figure 3.23. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for Delrin® 100 and 500 NC010—acetal resins.

Figure 3.24. Dielectric strength vs. thickness at 23°C for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500 NC010— medium viscosity acetal resin.

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Figure 3.25. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at 50% relative humidity at 23°C for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500—medium viscosity acetal resin.

Figure 3.26. Dissipation factor vs. moisture content at 23°C for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500 NC010—acetal resin.

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Figure 3.27. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 500 NC010— medium viscosity acetal resin.

3.3 Acetal-Copolymer

Figure 3.28. Stress vs. strain for Ticona Celcon® M25—high molecular weight, high toughness, high impact acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.29. Stress vs. strain for Ticona Celcon® M90—medium viscosity, general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.30. Stress vs. strain for Ticona Celcon® M270—low molecular weight, high flow acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.31. Stress vs. strain for Ticona Hostaform® C 9021—general purpose grade acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.32. Stress vs. strain for Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Iupital F20-02—medium viscosity, general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.33. Stress vs. strain for BASF Ultraform® H 2320 006—high molecular weight injection molding grade acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.34. Stress vs. strain for BASF Ultraform® H 4320—high molecular weight, extrusion grade acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.35. Stress vs. strain for BASF Ultraform® N 2200 G53—25% glass fiber reinforced, injection molding with enhanced stiffness and toughness acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.36. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270—acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.37. Modulus of elasticity vs. temperature for BASF Ultraform® acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.38. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins with different amounts of glass fiber reinforcement.

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Figure 3.39. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.40. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultraform® acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.41. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270—acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.42. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Hostform® C 9064 and S 9240—acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.43. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF Ultraform® acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.44. Yield stress vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.45. Tensile yield strength vs. temperature for Ticona Celcon® M90—medium viscosity, general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.46. Izod notched impact strength vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins after 1,000 h storage in air at temperature.

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Figure 3.47. Charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® S acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.48. Charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature for additional Ticona Hostaform® S acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.49. Work to damage (penetration test ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.50. Work to damage (penetration test ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for additional Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.51. Deformation (penetration test ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.52. Deformation (penetration test ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for additional Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.53. Ball indentation hardness vs. temperature for BASF Hostaform® C 9021—General purpose acetal copolymer resin (ISO 2039, Part 1).

Figure 3.54. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for Ticona Hostaform® C 9021—general purpose grade acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.55. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for BASF Ultraform® H 2320 006—high molecular weight injection molding grade acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.56. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for BASF Ultraform® N 2200 G53—25% glass fiber reinforced, injection molding with enhanced stiffness and toughness acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.57. Elongation at break vs. temperature for Ticona Celcon® M90—general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.58. Elongation at break vs. temperature for BASF for Hostaform® C 2521—standard for sheet and tube acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.59. Change in length vs. water absorption for Hostaform® C 9021—general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.60. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for Ticona Celcon® M90—general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.61. Water absorption vs. change of dimension for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupital F20-02— medium viscosity, general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.62. Dielectric constant variation with temperature and frequency for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/ M270—acetal copolymer resins.

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Figure 3.63. Dielectric constant variation with temperature and frequency for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/ M270—acetal copolymer resins at lower temperatures.

Figure 3.64. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupital F20-02 02—medium viscosity, general purpose acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.65. Dissipation factor variation with temperature and frequency for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270— acetal copolymer resins.

Figure 3.66. Dissipation factor variation with temperature and frequency for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270— acetal copolymer resins at lower temperatures.

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Figure 3.67. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at 25°C for BASF Hostaform® acetal copolymer resin.

Figure 3.68. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 105 Hz for BASF Hostaform® acetal copolymer resin.

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Figure 3.69. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270 acetal copolymer resins.

3.4 Modified Polypropylene Ether (PPE)

Figure 3.70. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® 731—general purpose, UL94 HB rated, PPE and polystyrene blend resin.

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Figure 3.71. Stress vs. strain at 23°C for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.72. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® GFN1—10% glass fiber reinforced, PPE and polystyrene blend resin.

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Figure 3.73. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® GFN3—30% glass fiber reinforced, PPE and polystyrene blend resin.

Figure 3.74. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl GTX® GTX830— 30% glass fiber reinforced, PPE, polystyrene, and polyamide blend resin.

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Figure 3.75. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.76. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for additional Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.77. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® NX-9000—heat and chemical resistant, SAE grade PPE and nylon 6 blend resin.

Figure 3.78. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.79. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for additional SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.80. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.81. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl GTX® PPE, polystyrene, and polyamide blend resins.

Figure 3.82. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.83. Flexural strength vs. temperature for additional Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.84. Flexural strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.85. Tensile strength vs. temperature for additional Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.86. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.87. Tensile strength vs. temperature for additional SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.88. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.89. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl GTX® PPE, polystyrene, and polyamide blend resins.

Figure 3.90. Gardner impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.91. Izod impact strength vs. relative humidity for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.92. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.93. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.94. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for additional SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.95. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl GTX® GTX964— Unreinforced, impact modified PPE, polystyrene and polyamide blend resin.

Figure 3.96. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.97. Elongation vs. temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.98. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® 731—general purpose, UL94 HB rated, PPE and/polystyrene blend resin.

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Figure 3.99. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

Figure 3.100. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.101. Dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® AV 40—UL94 V-1 rated, HDT 100°C PPE and polystyrene blend resin.

Figure 3.102. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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Figure 3.103. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 60 Hz for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® AV 60—UL94 V-1 rated, HDT 120°C PPE and polystyrene blend resin.

Figure 3.104. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Iupiace® PPE and polystyrene blend resins.

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4 Polyesters 4.1 Background

4.1.1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Polyesters are formed by a condensation reaction that is very similar to the reaction used to make polyamide or nylons. A diacid and dialcohol are reacted to form the polyester with the elimination of water as shown in Fig. 4.1. While the actual commercial route of making the polyesters may be more involved, the end result is the same polymeric structure. The diacid is usually aromatic. Polyester resins can be formulated to be brittle and hard, tough and resilient, or soft and flexible. In combination with reinforcements such as glass fibers, they offer outstanding strength, a high strength-toweight ratio, chemical resistance, and other excellent mechanical properties. The three dominant materials in this plastics family are PC, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). Thermoplastic polyesters are similar in properties to nylon 6 and nylon 66, but have lower water absorption and higher dimensional stability than the nylons.

Theoretically, PC is formed from the reaction of bis-phenol A and carbonic acid. The structures of these two monomers are given in Fig. 4.2. Commercially, different routes are used, but the PC polymer of the structure shown in Fig. 4.3 is the result. PC performance properties include: • High impact resistance, virtually no breakage, and toughness at low temperatures • “Clear as glass” clarity • High heat resistance • Dimensional stability • Resistant to ultraviolet light allowing exterior use • Flame retardancy Applications include glazing, safety shields, lenses, casings and housings, light fittings, microwavable kitchenwares, sterilizable medical apparatus, and CDs.

Figure 4.1. The formation of polyester by the condensation of a diacid and dialcohol.

Figure 4.2. Chemical structures of monomers used to make polycarbonate polyester.

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Figure 4.3. Chemical structure of polycarbonate polyester.

4.1.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) PBT is a semicrystalline, white, or off-white polyester similar to PET in composition as well as properties. It has somewhat lower strength and stiffness than PET, is a little softer but has higher impact strength and similar chemical resistance. As it crystallizes more rapidly than PET, it tends to be preferred for industrial scale molding. Its structure is shown in Fig. 4.4. PBT performance properties include • High mechanical properties • High thermal properties • Good electrical properties • Dimensional stability • Excellent chemical resistance • Flame retardancy

4.1.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) PET polyester is the most common thermoplastic polyester and is often called just “polyester”. This often causes confusion with the other polyesters in this chapter. PET exists both as an amorphous (transparent), and as a semicrystalline (opaque and white) thermoplastic material. The semicrystalline PET has good strength, ductility, stiffness, and hardness. The amorphous PET has better ductility, but less stiffness and hardness.

It absorbs very little water. Its structure is shown in Fig. 4.5. PET has good barrier properties against oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is utilized in bottles for mineral water. Other applications include food trays for oven use, roasting bags, audio/video tapes, and mechanical components.

4.1.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) LCPs are a relatively unique class of partially crystalline aromatic polyesters based on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and related monomers shown in Fig. 4.6. LCPs are capable of forming regions of highly ordered structure while in the liquid phase. However, the degree of order is somewhat less than that of a regular solid crystal. Typically, LCPs have outstanding mechanical properties at high temperatures, excellent chemical resistance, inherent flame retardancy, and good weatherability. Liquid crystal polymers come in a variety of forms from sinterable high temperature to injection moldable compounds. LCPs are exceptionally inert. They resist stress cracking in the presence of most chemicals at elevated temperatures, including aromatic or halogenated hydrocarbons, strong acids, bases, ketones, and other aggressive industrial substances. The hydrolytic stability in boiling water is excellent. Environments that deteriorate these polymers are high-temperature steam, concentrated sulfuric acid, and boiling caustic materials. As an example, the structure of Ticona Vectra® A950 LCP is shown in Fig. 4.7.

4.1.5 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT) PCT is a high-temperature polyester that possesses the chemical resistance, processability, and dimensional stability of PET and PBT polyesters. However, the aliphatic cyclic ring as shown in Fig. 4.8 imparts

Figure 4.4. Chemical structure of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) polyester.

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added heat resistance. This puts it between the common polyesters and the LCP polyesters described in the previous section. At present, only DuPont makes the PCT plastic under the trade name Thermx®. This material has found use in automotive, electrical, and houseware applications.

4.1.6 Polyester Blends and Alloys There are numerous commercial polymer blends and alloys using polyesters. One important compounded blend is that of polycarbonate and ABS. The PC contributes impact and heat distortion resistance, while the ABS contributes processability and chemical stress resistance, and cost reduction. ASA is often blended with polyesters such as PBT to improve exterior weatherability and impact strength. Blends of different types of polyesters are also very common. These are blended to balance cost, optimize processing and performance properties.

Figure 4.5. Chemical structure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyester.

HBA 4-hydroxybenzoic acid

HNA 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid

BP 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol

HQ benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone)

TA benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid)

NDA Naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

IA benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (isophthalic acid)

Figure 4.6. Chemical structures of monomers used to make liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) polyesters.

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Figure 4.7. Chemical structure of Ticona Vectra® A950 LCP.

Figure 4.8. Chemical structure of polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate (PCT) Polyester.

4.2 Polycarbonate (PC)

Figure 4.9. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Apec® 1600—high heat polycarbonate (PC) resin.

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Figure 4.10. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Apec® 1700—high heat PC resin.

Figure 4.11. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for LG-Dow Calibre™ 300-10—general purpose 10 melt flow rate (MFR) PC resin.

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Figure 4.12. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® 101—general purpose PC resin.

Figure 4.13. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® 500R—10% glass fiber reinforced PC resin.

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Figure 4.14. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® 3412R—high viscosity, 20% glass reinforced PC resin.

Figure 4.15. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Bayer MaterialScience Makrolon® 2205—general purpose, low viscosity PC resin.

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Figure 4.16. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® PC resins.

Figure 4.17. Instrumented dart impact vs. MFR for LG-Dow Polycarbonate Calibre™ 300-10—general purpose 10 MFR PC resin.

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Figure 4.18. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature and MFR for LG-Dow Polycarbonate Calibre™ 300 general purpose PC resin.

Figure 4.19. Notched Izod impact strength vs. MFR and temperature for LG-Dow Polycarbonate Calibre™ 300 general purpose PC resin.

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Figure 4.20. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for Bayer MaterialScience Makrolon® 2205—general purpose, low viscosity PC resin.

Figure 4.21. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® PC resins.

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Figure 4.22. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® PC resins.

Figure 4.23. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for SABIC Innovative Plastics Lexan® PC resins.

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4.3 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

Figure 4.24. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Celanex® 2300 GV/30—general purpose, 30% glass fiber reinforced PBT resin.

Figure 4.25. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Celanex® 2500—general purpose, nucleated, easy flow PBT resin.

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Figure 4.26. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Crastin® S600F10 NC010—medium viscosity lubricated PBT resin.

Figure 4.27. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Crastin® SO653 NC010—20% glass bead filled, lubricated PBT resin.

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Figure 4.28. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Crastin® ST820 NC010—super tough lubricated PBT resin.

Figure 4.29. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Lanxess Pocan® B1505—high viscosity, nucleated, heat stabilized PBT resin.

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Figure 4.30. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Lanxess Pocan® B3225—20% glass fiber reinforced PBT resin.

Figure 4.31. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® 310-SEO—unreinforced, UL94 V-0 rated PBT resin.

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Figure 4.32. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® 325—unreinforced, improved processing PBT resin.

Figure 4.33. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® 420—30% glass fiber reinforced, high heat PBT resin.

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Figure 4.34. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® DR-51—15% glass fiber reinforced PBT resin.

Figure 4.35. Tensile stress at break vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® general purpose PBT resins.

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Figure 4.36. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® general purpose, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

Figure 4.37. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® flame retardant, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.38. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® high impact, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

Figure 4.39. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.40. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

Figure 4.41. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® 2300 series—general purpose, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.42. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Lanxess Pocan® reinforced PBT resins.

Figure 4.43. Tensile modulus vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for Dupont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

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Figure 4.44. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

Figure 4.45. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® glass reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.46. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® high impact/toughened PBT resins.

Figure 4.47. Flexural strength vs. glass fiber content for Dupont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

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Figure 4.48. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® general purpose, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

Figure 4.49. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® flame retardant, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.50. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Ticona Celanex® high impact, glass fiber reinforced PBT resins.

Figure 4.51. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.52. Tensile strength vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for Dupont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

Figure 4.53. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® glass reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.54. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® high impact/toughened PBT resins.

Figure 4.55. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Dupont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

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Figure 4.56. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

Figure 4.57. Tensile strength vs. temperature for BASF Ultradur® standard grade, fiber glass reinforced PBT resins.

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Figure 4.58. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

Figure 4.59. Impact strength vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for DuPont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

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Figure 4.60. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

Figure 4.61. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.62. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for DuPont Crastin® S600LF NC010—PTFE lubricated PBT resin.

Figure 4.63. Elongation at break vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for DuPont Crastin® SK—glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

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Figure 4.64. Specific density vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for DuPont Crastin® SK glass reinforced, injection molding PBT resins.

Figure 4.65. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 23°C for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.66. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

Figure 4.67. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for Lanxess Pocan® B3235—30% glass fiber reinforced, high toughness PBT resin.

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Figure 4.68. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for Toray Toraycon® PBT resins.

Figure 4.69. Dielectric strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.70. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for Ticona Celanex® PBT resins.

Figure 4.71. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® PBT resins.

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Figure 4.72. Volume resistivity vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Valox® 420SEO—30% glass fiber, high heat, UL94 V-0 rated PBT resin.

4.4 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Figure 4.73. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/20—20% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

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Figure 4.74. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/30—30% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

Figure 4.75. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/45—45% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

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Figure 4.76. Stress vs. strain at 23°C for several Ticona Impet® reinforced PET resins.

Figure 4.77. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Petra® 130—30% glass fiber reinforced recycled PET resin.

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Figure 4.78. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Petra® 30 BK-112—35% mineral/glass fiber reinforced, black, injection molding, recycled PET resin.

Figure 4.79. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Petra® 330 FR BK—112%–30% glass reinforced, flame retardant, black, injection molding, UL94 V-0 rated, recycled PET resin.

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Figure 4.80. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite® 545—general purpose, 45% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

Figure 4.81. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite® 555—general purpose, 55% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

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Figure 4.82. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite® 935—low warp, 35% mica/glass reinforced PET resin.

Figure 4.83. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite® FR530L—flame retardant, 30% glass reinforced, higher heat, lubricated PET resin.

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Figure 4.84. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Rynite® SST35—super tough, 35% glass reinforced PET resin.

Figure 4.85. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for BASF Petra® reinforced recycled PET resins.

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Figure 4.86. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Rynite® toughened, reinforced PET resins.

Figure 4.87. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Rynite® 500 series of toughened, reinforced PET resins.

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Figure 4.88. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Rynite® 900 series of low warp PET resins.

Figure 4.89. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Rynite® FR500 series of flame retardant PET resins.

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Figure 4.90. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Rynite® FR900 series of flame retardant, low warp PET resins.

Figure 4.91. Shear modulus vs. temperature for BASF Petra® reinforced recycled PET resins.

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Figure 4.92. PVT for DSM Engineering Plastics Arnite® AV2 372—35% glass fiber reinforced PET resin.

4.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs)

Figure 4.93. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® A130—30% glass fiber reinforced, standard grade LCP.

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Figure 4.94. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® A230—30% carbon fiber reinforced, high stiffness LCP.

Figure 4.95. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® A530—30% mineral reinforced, standard grade LCP.

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Figure 4.96. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® E130i—30% glass fiber reinforced, easy flow, high temperature LCP.

Figure 4.97. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® H140—40% glass fiber reinforced, highest temperature LCP.

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Figure 4.98. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona Vectra® L130—30% glass fiber reinforced, high flow LCP.

Figure 4.99. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of several Ticona Vectra® L130—30% glass fiber reinforced, high flow LCP.

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Figure 4.100. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of DuPont Zenite® 6130L BK010—30% glass reinforced, lubricated LCP.

Figure 4.101. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Toray Siveras® L204G35—35% glass fiber reinforced, standard grade LCP.

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Figure 4.102. Shear modulus vs. temperature of various Ticona Vectra® LCPs.

Figure 4.103. Flexural strength vs. temperature of Toray Siveras® L204G35—35% glass fiber reinforced, standard grade LCP.

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Figure 4.104. Flexural strength vs. temperature of various Sumitomo Chemical Sumikasuper® LCPs.

Figure 4.105. Enthalpy vs. temperature of Ticona Vectra® A130—30% glass fiber reinforced, standard grade

LCP.

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Figure 4.106. Specific heat vs. temperature of Ticona Vectra® A130—30% glass fiber reinforced, standard grade LCP.

Figure 4.107. Thermal conductivity vs. temperature of various Ticona Vectra® LCPs.

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Figure 4.108. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 23°C of various Ticona Vectra® LCPs.

Figure 4.109. Dielectric constant vs. temperature of Ticona Vectra® E820iPd—easy flow, high temperature, metallizable LCP.

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4.6 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT)

Figure 4.110. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Thermx® CG033—20% glass reinforced, general purpose PCT resin.

Figure 4.111. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Thermx® CG923—20% glass reinforced, flame retardant PCT resin.

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Figure 4.112. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Thermx® glass reinforced, flame retardant PCT resins.

Figure 4.113. Pressure–specific volume–temperature for DuPont Thermx® CG923—20% glass reinforced, flame retardant PCT resin.

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4.7 Polyester Blends and Alloys

Figure 4.114. Stress vs. strain at 23°C for Ticona Vandar® polyester alloy/blend resins (alloy type unspecified).

Figure 4.115. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Ticona Vandar® 2100—unreinforced (alloy type unspecified) polyester alloy/blend resin.

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Figure 4.116. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® 2230— polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) alloy polyester alloy/blend resin.

Figure 4.117. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® 6127— polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)/PC alloy, unreinforced polyester alloy/blend resin.

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Figure 4.118. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Enduran® PBT/PET blend polyester alloy/blend resins.

Figure 4.119. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Vandar® high stiffness polyester alloy/blend resins.

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Figure 4.120. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Vandar® low stiffness polyester alloy/blend resins.

Figure 4.121. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® PBT/PC alloy polyester alloy/blend resins.

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Figure 4.122. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® polyester alloy/ blend resins.

Figure 4.123. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Ticona Vandar® polyester alloy/blend resins.

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Figure 4.124. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Crastin® PBT/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) polyester alloy/blend resins.

Figure 4.125. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Crastin® PBT/ASA polyester alloy/blend resins.

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Figure 4.126. Tensile strength vs. temperature for BASF Ultradur® S4090—low warpage PBT/ASA blend polyester alloy/blend resin.

Figure 4.127. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Ticona Vandar® polyester alloy/blend resins.

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Figure 4.128. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 23°C for BASF Ultradur® S4090 G4—low warpage PBT/ ASA blend, 20% glass fiber polyester alloy/blend resin.

Figure 4.129. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at 23°C for BASF Ultradur® S4090 G4—low warpage PBT/ASA blend, 20% glass fiber polyester alloy/blend resin.

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5 Polyimides 5.1 Background

• Inherent ignition resistance without the use of additives

This chapter covers a series of plastics in which the imide group is an important part of the molecule. The imide group is formed by the condensation reaction of an aromatic anhydride group with an aromatic amine as shown in Fig. 5.1. This group is thermally very stable. Aliphatic imides are possible, but the thermal stability is reduced, and thermal stability is one of the main reasons to use an imide type polymer.

• Good electrical properties with low ion content

5.1.1 Polyetherimide (PEI) Polyetherimide (PEI) is an amorphous engineering thermoplastic. Thermoplastic PEIs provide strength, heat resistance, and flame retardancy of traditional polyimides with the ease of simple melt processing seen in standard injection-molding resins like polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The key performance features of PEI resins include: • Excellent dimensional stability at high temperatures under load

There are several different polymer structures that are used as PEI plastics. The structures of these polymers are shown in Figs. 5.2–5.6 with reference to one of the product lines that utilize the 4,4’-bisphenol A dianhydride (BPADA) molecule. The acid dianhydride used to make most of the PEIs is 4,4’-bisphenol A dianhydride, the structure of which is shown in Fig. 5.7. Some of the other monomers used in these PEI are shown in Fig. 5.8.

5.1.2 Polyamide-Imide (PAI) Polyamide-imides (PAI) are thermoplastic amorphous polymers that have useful properties which include: • Exceptional chemical resistance • Outstanding mechanical strength

• Smooth as-molded surfaces

• Excellent thermal stability

• Transparency, though slightly yellow

• Performs from cryogenic up to 260°C

• Good optical properties

• Excellent electrical properties

• Very high strength and modulus • High continuous-use temperature

The monomers used to make PAI resin are shown in Fig. 5.9.

Figure 5.1. Reaction of amine with anhydride to form an imide.

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Figure 5.2. Chemical structure of BPADA-PPD polyetherimide (Ultem® 5000 series).

Figure 5.3. Chemical structure of biphenol diamine PMDA polyetherimide (Aurum®).

Figure 5.4. Chemical structure of BPADA-DDS polyetherimide sulfone (Ultem® XH6050).

Figure 5.5. Chemical structure of BPADA-MPD polyetherimide (Ultem® 1000 series).

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Figure 5.6. Chemical structure of BPADA-PMDA-MPD copolyetherimide (Ultem® 6000 series).

Figure 5.7. Chemical Structure of BPADA monomer.

Oxydianiline (ODA)

Pyromellitic Dianhydride (PMDA)

Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS)

m-Phenylene Diamine (MPD)

Methylene Dianiline (MDA)

p-Phenylene Diamine (PDA)

Biphenol Diamine (BP Diamine)

Figure 5.8. Chemical structures of other monomers used to make polyimides.

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4,4’-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI)

trimellitic anhydride (TMA)

Figure 5.9. Chemical structures of monomers used to make PAI.

When these monomers are reacted carbon dioxide, rather than water, is generated. The closer the monomer ratio is to 1:1, the higher the molecular weight of the polymer shown in Fig. 5.10.

5.1.3 Polyimide (PI) Polyimides (PIs) are high temperature engineering polymers originally developed by the DuPont Company. PIs exhibit an exceptional combination of thermal stability (>500°C), mechanical toughness, and chemical resistance. They have excellent dielectric properties and inherently low-coefficient of thermal expansion. They are formed from diamines and dianhydrides as shown in Fig. 5.11. Many other diamines and several other dianhydrides may be chosen to tailor the final properties of a polymer whose structure is shown in Fig. 5.12.

5.1.4 Imide Polymer Blends

The PEI resins have produced a surprising number of miscible (one-phase) and compatible blends. Compatible blends are phase-separated mixtures having sufficient attraction between phases to provide some level of molecular adhesion, resulting in stable morphology and giving rise to good mechanical properties. PEI forms miscible blends with polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These blends have a single glass transition temperature between that of the PEI and polyester. However, few of these are commercial products yet. Blends of BPADA-based PIs are also miscible with polyaryl ether ketones such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK). As injection molded, many PEEK-PEI blends are transparent. Graphs showing multipoint properties of these PIbased polymers as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 5.2–5.4.

PI based resins, especially PEI and PAI polymers, may also be combined with other polymers.

Figure 5.10. Chemical structure of a typical PAI.

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4,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether oxydianiline (ODA)

Pyromellitic Dianhydride (PMDA)

Figure 5.11. Chemical structures of monomers used to make PIs.

Figure 5.12. Chemical structure of a typical polyimide.

5.2 Polyetherimide (PEI)

Figure 5.13. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 1000—general purpose PEI resin.

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Figure 5.14. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 2100—10% glass reinforced PEI resin.

Figure 5.15. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 2200—20% glass reinforced PEI resin.

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Figure 5.16. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 2300—30% glass reinforced PEI resin.

Figure 5.17. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 2400—40% glass reinforced polyetherimide resin.

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Figure 5.18. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 3452—45% glass/ mineral reinforced PEI resin.

Figure 5.19. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 4000—wear resistant, 25% glass, 15% PTFE PEI resin.

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Figure 5.20. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of several SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® PEI resins.

Figure 5.21. Stress vs. strain in compression of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 1000—general purpose PEI resin.

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Figure 5.22. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of several SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® glass reinforced PEI resins.

Figure 5.23. Shear modulus vs. temperature of several SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® glass reinforced PEI resins.

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Figure 5.24. Tensile strength vs. temperature of several SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® PEI resins.

Figure 5.25. Pressure–specific volume–temperature (PVT) of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 1000— general purpose PEI resin.

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Figure 5.26. Moisture absorption vs. relative humidity of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® 1000—general purpose PEI resin.

Figure 5.27. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® PEI resins.

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Figure 5.28. Dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® PEI resins.

Figure 5.29. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of SABIC Innovative Plastics Ultem® PEI resins.

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5.3 Polyamide-Imide (PAI)

Figure 5.30. Stress vs. strain at 23°C and small stress for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

Figure 5.31. Stress vs. strain at 23°C for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

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Figure 5.32. Stress vs. strain at 135°C for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

Figure 5.33. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

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Figure 5.34. Flexural strength vs. temprature for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

Figure 5.35. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

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Figure 5.36. Moisture absorption vs. relative humidity for Solvay Advanced Polymers Torlon® PAI resins.

5.4 Polyimide (PI)

Figure 5.37. Stress vs. strain at 23°C in compression for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

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Figure 5.38. Stress vs. strain at 300°C in compression for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

Figure 5.39. Stress vs. strain at 23°C in compression parallel to forming for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

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Figure 5.40. Stress vs. strain at 260°C in tension parallel to forming for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

Figure 5.41. Stress vs. strain at 23°C in tension perpendicular to forming for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

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Figure 5.42. Stress vs. strain at 23°C in tension perpendicular to forming for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

Figure 5.43. Stress vs. strain at 260°C in tension for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

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Figure 5.44. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Mitsui Chemicals Aurum® PI resins.

Figure 5.45. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

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Figure 5.46. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

Figure 5.47. Flexural modulus vs. temperature Ube Industries Upitol® SA 101 PI.

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Figure 5.48. Flexural strength vs. temperature Ube Industries Upitol® SA 101 PI.

Figure 5.49. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

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Figure 5.50. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

Figure 5.51. Tensile strength vs. temperature Ube Industries Upitol® SA 101 PI.

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Figure 5.52. Dimension change vs. relative humidity at 23°C for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

Figure 5.53. Dimension change vs. relative humidity at 23°C for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

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Figure 5.54. Dimension change vs. temperature perpendicular to forming for DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI.

Figure 5.55. Dimension change vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® machined PI.

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Figure 5.56. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

Figure 5.57. Dielectric strength vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

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Figure 5.58. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

Figure 5.59. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

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Figure 5.60. Surface resistivity vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

Figure 5.61. Volume resistivity vs. temperature for DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI.

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6 Polyamides (Nylons) 6.1 Background High-molecular weight polyamides are commonly known as nylon. Polyamides are crystalline polymers typically produced by the condensation of a diacid and a diamine. There are several types and each type is often described by a number, such as nylon 66 or Polyamide 66 (PA66). The numeric suffixes refer to the number of carbon atoms present in the molecular structures of the amine and acid respectively (or a single suffix if the amine and acid groups are part of the same molecule). The polyamide plastic materials discussed in this book and the monomers used to make them are given in Table 6.1. The general reaction is shown in Fig. 6.1. The –COOH acid group reacts with the –NH2 amine group to form the amide. A molecule of water is given

off as the nylon polymer is formed. The properties of the polymer are determined by the R and R’ groups in the monomers. In nylon 66, R’ = 6 carbon alkane and R = 4 carbon alkane, but one also has to include the two carboxyl carbons in the diacid to get the number it designates to the chain. The structures of these diamine monomers are shown in Fig. 6.2, the diacid monomers are shown in Fig. 6.3. Figure 6.4 shows the aminoacid monomers. These structures only show the functional groups, the CH2 connecting groups are implied at the bond intersections. All polyamides tend to absorb moisture which can affect their properties. Properties are often reported as DAM (dry as molded) or conditioned (usually at equilibrium in 50% Relative Humidity at 23°C). The absorbed water tends to act like a plasticizer and can have a significant effect on the plastics’ properties.

Table 6.1. Monomers Used to Make Specific Polyamides/Nylons Polyamide/Nylon Type

Monomers Used to Make

Nylon 6

Caprolactam

Nylon 11

Aminoundecanoic acid

Nylon 12

Aminolauric acid

Nylon 66

1,6-Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid

Nylon 610

1,6-Hexamethylene diamine and sebacic acid

Nylon 612

1,6-Hexamethylene diamine and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid

Nylon 666

Copolymer based on nylon 6 and nylon 66

Nylon 46

1,4-Diaminobutane and adipic acid

Nylon amorphous

Trimethyl hexamethylene diamine and terephthalic acid

Polyphthalamide

Any diamine and isophthalic acid and/or terephthalic Acid

Figure 6.1. Generalized polyamide reaction.

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1,6-hexamethylene diamine

1,4-diaminobutane

Figure 6.2. Chemical structures of diamines used to make polyamides.

Isophthalic Acid

Terephthalic Acid

1,12-Dodecanediotic Acid

Sebacic Acid

Adipic Acid

Figure 6.3. Chemical structures of diacids used to make polyamides.

Aminoundecanoic Acid

Aminolauric Acid

Caprolactam

Figure 6.4. Chemical structures of aminoacids used to make polyamides.

6.1.1 Nylon 6 Nylon 6 begins as pure caprolactam which is a ring structured molecule. This is unique in that the ring is opened and the molecule polymerizes with itself. Since caprolactam has 6 carbon atoms, the nylon that is produces is called nylon 6, which is nearly the same as nylon 66 described in Section 6.1.4. The structure of nylon 6 is shown in Fig. 6.5 below with the repeating unit in the brackets.

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Some of the nylon 6 characteristics include: • Outstanding balance of mechanical properties. • Outstanding toughness in equiliblium moisture content. • Outstanding chemical resistance and oil resistance. • Outstanding wear and abrasion resistance.

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Figure 6.5. Chemical structure of nylon 6.

• Almost all grades are self-extinguishing. The flame-resistant grades are rated UL 94VO. • Outstanding long-term heat-resistance (at a long-term continuous maximum temperature ranging between 80 and 150°C). • Grades reinforced with glass-fiber and other materials offer superior elastic modulus and strength. • Offers low gasoline permeability and outstanding gas barrier properties. • Highest rate of water absorption and highest equilibrium water content (8% or more). • Excellent surface finish even when reinforced.

6.1.2 Nylon 11 Nylon 11 has only one monomer, aminoundecanoic acid. It has the necessary amine group on one end, and the acid group on the other. It polymerizes with itself to produce the polyamide containing eleven carbons between the nitrogen of the amide groups. Its structure is shown in Fig. 6.6. Some of the nylon 11 characteristics are • Low water absorption for a nylon (2.5% at saturation) • Reasonable UV resistance • Higher strength • Ability to accept high loading of fillers • Better heat resistance than nylon 12 • More expensive than nylon 6 or nylon 6/6 • Relatively low impact strength

6.1.3 Nylon 12 Nylon 12 has only one monomer, aminolauric acid. It has the necessary amine group on one end, and the acid group on the other. It polymerizes with itself to

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produce the polyamide containing 12 carbons between the two nitrogen atoms of the two amide groups. Its structure is shown in Fig. 6.7. The properties of semicrystalline polyamides are determined by the concentration of amide groups in the macromolecules. Polyamide 12 has the lowest amide group concentration of all commercially available polyamides thereby substantially promoting its characteristics. Some of the Polyamide 12 characteristics are • Lowest moisture absorption (~2%): Parts show largest dimensional stability under conditions of changing humidity • Exceptional impact and notched impact strength, even at temperatures well below the freezing point • Good to excellent resistance against greases, oils, fuels, hydraulic fluids, various solvents, salt solutions, and other chemicals • Exceptional resistance to stress cracking, including metal parts encapsulated by injection molding or embedded • Excellent abrasion resistance • Low coefficient of sliding friction • Noise and vibration damping properties • Good fatigue resistance under high frequency cyclical loading condition • High processability • Expensive • Lowest strength and heat resistance of any polyamide unmodified generic

6.1.4 Nylon 66 The structure of nylon 66 is shown in Fig. 6.8. Some of the nylon 66 characteristics are • Outstanding balance of mechanical properties.

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Figure 6.6. Chemical structure of nylon 11.

Figure 6.7. Chemical structure of nylon 12.

Figure 6.8. Chemical structure of nylon 66.

• Outstanding toughness in equilibrium moisture content. • Outstanding chemical resistance and oil resistance. • Outstanding wear and abrasion resistance. • Almost all grades are self-extinguishing. The flame-resistant grades are rated UL 94V0. • Outstanding long-term heat-resistance (at a long-term continuous maximum temperature ranging between 80°C and 150°C). • Grades reinforced with glass-fiber and other materials offer superior elastic modulus and strength. • Offers low gasoline permeability and outstanding gas barrier properties.

6.1.5 Nylon 610 The structure of nylon 610 is given in Fig. 6.9. Some of the nylon 610 characteristics are • Outstanding suppleness and impact strength at low temperature • Relatively low hygroscopic properties • Outstanding flex fatigue properties

6.1.6 Nylon 612 The structure of nylon 612 is given in Fig. 6.10. Some of the nylon 612 characteristics are

• High water absorption.

• High-impact strength

• Poor chemical resistance to strong acids and bases.

• Very good resistance to greases, oils, fuels, hydraulic fluids, water, alkalis, and saline

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Figure 6.9. Chemical structure of nylon 610.

Figure 6.10. Chemical structure of nylon 612.

• Very good stress cracking resistance, even when subjected to chemical attack and when used to cover metal parts

Some of the amorphous nylon characteristics are • Crystal-clear, high optical transparency

• Low coefficients of sliding friction and high abrasion resistance, even when running dry

• High mechanical stability

• Heat deflection temperature (melting point nearly 40°C higher than nylon 12)

• High-impact strength

• High heat deflection temperature

• Tensile and flexural strength

• Good chemical resistance compared to other plastics

• Outstanding recovery at high wet strength

• Good electrical properties • Low-mold shrinkage

6.1.7 Nylon 666 or 66/6 This is the name given to copolyamides made from PA6 and PA66 building blocks. A precise structure cannot be drawn.

6.1.8 Amorphous Nylon Amorphous nylon is designed to give no crystalinity to the polymer structure. One such amorphous nylon is shown in Fig. 6.11. The tertiary butyl group attached to the amine molecule is bulky and distrupts this molecule’s ability to crystallize. This particular amorphous nylon is sometimes designated as nylon 6-3-T. Amorphous polymers can have properties that differ significantly from crystalline types, one of which is optical transparency.

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6.1.9 Nylon 46 The structure of nylon 46 is given in Fig. 6.12. Some of the nylon 46 characteristics are • Higher heat distortion temperature than nylon 6 or nylon 6/6 • Higher crystallinity than nylon 6 or nylon 6/6 • Better chemical resistance, particularly to acidic salts • Similar moisture absorption to nylon 6/6, but dimensional increase is less • High processing temperature • Highest mechanical temperatures

properties

at

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Figure 6.11. Chemical structure of amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.12. Chemical structure of nylon 46.

• Excellent resistance to wear and low friction

• High processing temperatures

• Outstanding flow for easy processing

6.1.11 Polyarylamide (PAA) 6.1.10 Polyphthalamide/ High-Performance Polyamide(PPA) As a member of the nylon family, it is a semicrystalline material composed from a diacid and a diamine. However, the diacid portion contains at least 55% terephthalic acid (TPA) or isophthalic acid (IPA). TPA or IPA are aromatic components which serve to raise the melting point, glass transition temperature and generally improve chemical resistance vs. standard aliphatic nylon polymers. The structure of the polymer depends on the ratio of the diacid ingredients and the diamine used and varies from grade to grade. The polymer usually consists of mixtures of blocks of two or more different segments, four of which are shown in Fig. 6.13. Some of the PPA characteristics are

Another partially aromatic high performance polyamide is polyarylamide (PAA). The primary commercial polymer, PAMXD6, is formed by the reaction of m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid giving the structure shown in Fig. 6.14. It is a semi-crystalline polymer. Some of the PAA characteristics are • Very high rigidity • High strength • Very low creep • Excellent surface finish even for a reinforced product even with a high glass fiber content • Ease of processing • Good dimensional stability • Slow rate of water absorption

• Very high heat resistance • Good chemical resistance • Relatively low moisture absorption • High strength or physical properties over a broad temperature range • Not inherently flame retardant • Requires good drying equipment

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Graphs of multipoint properties of polyamides as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 6.2–6.13. Because the polyamides do absorb water, and that affects the properties, some of the data are dry, or better dry as molded. Some of the data are for conditioned specimen; they have reached equilibrium water absorption from 50% relative humidity at 23°C.

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6T Segment

6I Segment

66 Segment

DT Segment

Figure 6.13. Chemical structures of block used to make PPA.

Figure 6.14. Chemical structure of PAMXD6 PAA.

6.2 Nylon 6 (PA6)

Figure 6.15. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® B3EG5—stabilized, 25% glass fiber reinforced PA6 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.16. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® B3EG5—stabilized, 25% glass fiber reinforced PA6 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.17. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® PF-1006—30% glass fiber reinforced PA6 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.18. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA6 Resins.

Figure 6.19. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF PA6 resins conditioned at 50% relative humidity.

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Figure 6.20. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF PA6 resins (DAM).

Figure 6.21. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® PF-1006— 30% glass fiber reinforced PA6 resin.

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Figure 6.22. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for BASF Ultramid® reinforced PA6 resins.

Figure 6.23. Tensile strength vs. moisture content for custom resins nylene® PA6 resins.

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Figure 6.24. Tensile strength vs. moisture content for several BASF Ultramid® PA6 resins.

Figure 6.25. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® PF-1006— 30% glass fiber reinforced PA6 resin.

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Figure 6.26. Pressure–specific volume-temperature (PVT) for BASF Ultramid® B3K easy flow, fast cycling PA6 resin.

Figure 6.27. Rockwell hardness vs. temperature for custom resins nylene® PA6 resins.

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Figure 6.28. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA6 resins.

Figure 6.29. Water absorption vs. relative humidity for several BASF Ultramid® PA6 resins.

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6.3 Nylon 11 (PA11)

Figure 6.30. Stress vs. strain at temperatures for Arkema Rilsan® BMN P20—medium flexibility grade PA11 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 6.31. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Rilsan® BUM 30 O—rigid grade, 30% glass bead reinforced PA11 resin.

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Figure 6.32. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Rilsan® BZM 23 G9—rigid grade, 23% glass and 9% graphite reinforced PA11 resin.

Figure 6.33. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® HF–1006—30% glass filled PA11 resin.

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Figure 6.34. Elongation at break vs. temperature for several Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resins.

Figure 6.35. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Arkema several rigid Rilsan® BMZ PA11 resins.

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Figure 6.36. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for several Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resins.

Figure 6.37. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several Arkema Rilsan® BESNO PA11 resins.

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Figure 6.38. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® HF-1006— 30% glass filled PA11 resin.

Figure 6.39. Torsional modulus vs. moisture content for several Arkema Rilsan® PA11 resins.

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Figure 6.40. Stress at yield vs. moisture content for Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resin.

Figure 6.41. Tensile strength vs. temperature for several Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resins.

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Figure 6.42. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® HF-1006— 30% glass filled PA11 resin.

Figure 6.43. Rockwell hardness vs. temperature for several Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resins.

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Figure 6.44. Equilibrium water absorption vs. relative humidity for Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resin.

6.4 Nylon 12 (PA12)

Figure 6.45. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® L 20 G—Medium viscosity, lubricated PA12 resin.

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Figure 6.46. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® LV-3H—30% glass fiber, heat stabilized PA12 resin.

Figure 6.47. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Degussa Vestamid® L1723 sw (DAM) low viscosity, plasticized, heat stabilized PA12 resin.

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Figure 6.48. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Degussa Vestamid® L2141 sw (DAM) high viscosity, high heat PA12 resin.

Figure 6.49. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® SF—1006 (DAM) 30% glass filled PA12 resin.

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Figure 6.50. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® LV PA12 resins.

Figure 6.51. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® S—1006 30% glass filled PA12 resin.

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Figure 6.52. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® SF—1006 30% glass filled PA12 resin.

Figure 6.53. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for Degussa Vestamid® L1723 sw (dry as molded) low viscosity, plasticized, heat stabilized PA12 resin.

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Figure 6.54. Thermal expansion vs. temperature for Degussa Several Vestamid® PA12 resins.

6.5 Nylon 66 (PA66)

Figure 6.55. Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for several DuPont Minlon® mineral reinforced PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.56. Stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L—33% glass reinforced, lubricated PA66 resin.

Figure 6.57. Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.58. Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for DuPont Zytel® ST-801—super tough PA66 resin.

Figure 6.59. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 10B140 NC010—40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.60. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 10B140 NC010—40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.61. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 11C140 NC010—40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.62. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 11C140 NC010—high impact, 40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.63. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 12T—super high impact, 40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.64. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 12T—super high impact, 40% mineral reinforced PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.65. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 20B—40% glass/mineral reinforced PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.66. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 20B—40% glass/mineral reinforced PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.67. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3EG6—high stiffness, 30% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.68. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3EG6—high stiffness, 30% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.69. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3WG7—heat resistant, 35% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.70. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3WG7—heat resistant, 35% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.71. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3EG10—rigid, 50% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.72. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3EG10—rigid, 50% glass fiber filled PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.73. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3K—easy flowing, injection molding PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.74. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® A3K—easy flowing, injection molding PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.75. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® RC-1006—electrically conductive, 30% carbon fiber filled PA66 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.76. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® ST811 HS NC010—super tough PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 6.77. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® ST811 HS NC010—super tough PA66 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.78. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 70G-13L—13% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin.

Figure 6.79. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L NC010—33% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.80. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 70G-43LNC010—43% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 6.81. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 70G-43L NC010—43% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.82. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 71G-33L—toughened, 33% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin.

Figure 6.83. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 101L NC010—lubricated, general purpose PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.84. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 101L NC010—lubricated, general purpose PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.85. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 408—toughened PA66 resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 6.86. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 408—toughened PA66 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.87. Yield point vs. temperature and moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.88. Flexural modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for several DuPont Minlon® mineral filled PA66 resins.

Figure 6.89. Flexural modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for several DuPont Zytel® glass filled PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.90. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Minlon® mineral filled PA66 resins.

Figure 6.91. Flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for DuPont Zytel® 71G—33L, toughened, 33% chopped glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.92. Flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for DuPont Zytel® 101 general purpose PA66 resin.

Figure 6.93. Flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for DuPont Zytel® 408, toughened PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.94. Flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for DuPont Zytel® ST-801, super tough PA66 resin.

Figure 6.95. Flexural modulus vs. temperature and relative humidity for several DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.96. Flexural modulus vs. fiber glass content at 23°C for several DuPont Zytel® 70G series PA66 resins.

Figure 6.97. Shear modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.98. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® RC-1006— electrically conductive, 30% carbon fiber filled PA66 resin.

Figure 6.99. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

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Figure 6.100. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins (DAM).

Figure 6.101. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for several BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins (DAM).

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Figure 6.102. Tensile strength vs. humidity at −40°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

Figure 6.103. Tensile strength vs. humidity at 23°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.104. Tensile strength vs. humidity at 93°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

Figure 6.105. Tensile strength vs. humidity at 149°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.106. Tensile strength vs. temperature for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

Figure 6.107. Tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 10B40—40% mineral filled, stiffened PA66 resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 6.108. Tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 11C40—40% mineral filled, high impact PA66 resin.

Figure 6.109. Tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 12T—40% mineral filled, super impact PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.110. Tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 20B—40% glass fiber/ mineral filled, stiffened, strength high PA66 resin.

Figure 6.111. Tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for DuPont Minlon® 22C—40% glass fiber/ mineral filled, low warpage high PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.112. Tensile strength vs. humidity at two temperatures for two DuPont Zytel® glass fiber filled PA66 resins.

Figure 6.113. Tensile strength vs. moisture content for several BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.114. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® RC-1006— electrically conductive, 30% carbon fiber filled PA66 resin.

Figure 6.115. Tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L—33% glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.116. Tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 71G-33L—33% glass filled, toughened lubricated PA66 resin.

Figure 6.117. Tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.118. Tensile strength vs. fiber glass content of Zytel® 70G series PA66 resins.

Figure 6.119. Shear strength vs. humidity at two temperatures for two DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.120. Shear strength vs. temperature for two DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins (DAM).

Figure 6.121. Izod impact strength vs. humidity at –40°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.122. Izod impact strength vs. humidity at 23°C for several DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins.

Figure 6.123. Izod impact strength vs. humidity and temperture for two DuPont Zytel® glass filled PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.124. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for BASF Ultramid® A3K—high flow, fast cycling, high impact PA66 resin.

Figure 6.125. Dimensional change vs. humidity for DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L—33% glass filled, lubricated PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.126. Dimensional change vs. humidity for DuPont Zytel® 71G-33L—33% glass filled, lubricated, toughened PA66 resin.

Figure 6.127. Dimensional change vs. humidity for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.128. Dimensional change vs. moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

Figure 6.129. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.130. Moisture content vs. relative humidity for DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins.

Figure 6.131. Dielectric constant vs. temperature at 100 Hz for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.132. Dissipation factor vs. moisture content at 100 Hz and 23°C for DuPont Zytel® 101 general purpose PA66 resin.

Figure 6.133. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 100 Hz for DuPont Zytel® 101 general purpose PA66 resins.

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Figure 6.134. Dielectric strength vs. moisture content and temperature for BASF Ultramid® A3EG6—30% glass fiber, heat stabilized PA66 resin.

Figure 6.135. Dielectric strength vs. temperature for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.136. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

Figure 6.137. Volume resistivity vs. moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.138. Volume resistivity vs. temperature and various moisture levels for BASF Ultramid® A3EG6—high stiffness, 30% glass fiber filled PA66 resin.

Figure 6.139. Volume resistivity vs. temperature and various moisture levels for BASF Ultramid® A3XG6— 30% glass fiber filled PA66 resin.

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Figure 6.140. Volume resistivity vs. temperature (DAM) for DuPont Zytel® 101—general purpose PA66 resin.

6.6 Nylon 610 (PA610)

Figure 6.141. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® QF-1006—30% glass fiber reinforced PA610 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.142. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® QF-1006— 30% glass fiber reinforced PA610 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.143. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® QF-1006— 30% glass fiber reinforced PA610 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.144. Tensile yield strength vs. temperature for Toray Resin Company Amilan® CM2001—25% crystallinity, standard grade PA610 resin.

Figure 6.145. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Toray Resin Company Amilan® CM2001—25% crystallinity, standard grade PA610 resin.

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Figure 6.146. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for BASF Ultramid® S3 and S4 PA610 resins.

Figure 6.147. Water absorption vs. relative humidity for BASF Ultramid® S3 and S4 PA610 resins.

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6.7 Nylon 612 (PA612)

Figure 6.148. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® IF-1006—30% glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.149. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.150. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 158 NC010—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin (DAM).

Figure 6.151. Stress vs. strain for DuPont Zytel® 77G43L—general purpose, lubricated, 43% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.152. Flexural modulus vs. humidity DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

Figure 6.153. Flexural modulus vs. temperature and moisture content DuPont Zytel® 158L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.154. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

Figure 6.155. Tensile modulus vs. temperature SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® IF—1006, 33% glass filled PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.156. Shear strength vs. relative humidity of DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

Figure 6.157. Shear strength vs. temperature of DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.158. Tensile strength vs. relative humidity of DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

Figure 6.159. Tensile strength vs. temperature SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp® IF—1006, 33% glass filled PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.160. Tensile strength vs. temperature of DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010—general purpose, lubricated, 33% short glass fiber reinforced PA612 resin.

Figure 6.161. Tensile yield strength vs. temperature of DuPont Zytel® 158 NC010—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.162. Izod notched impact strength vs. relative humidity at 23°C of two DuPont Zytel® PA612 resins.

Figure 6.163. Pressure-specific volume-temperature of DuPont Zytel® 158 NC010—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.164. Equilibrium moisture content vs. relative humidity of two DuPont Zytel® PA612 resins.

Figure 6.165. Dielectric constant vs. moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.166. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

Figure 6.167. Dielectric strength vs. temperature for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.168. Dissipation factor vs. moisture content at 100 Hz for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

Figure 6.169. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 100 Hz for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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Figure 6.170. Volume resistivity vs. moisture content for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

Figure 6.171. Volume resistivity vs. temperature for DuPont Zytel® 151L—general purpose, lubricated PA612 resin.

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6.8 Nylon 6/66 (PA666)

Figure 6.172. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory® HT2V-5H—(PA 6T/66) 50% glass fiber, heat stabilized PA666 resin (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

Figure 6.173. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory® HT2V-5H—(PA 6T/66) 50% glass fiber, heat stabilized PA666 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.174. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grilon® TS V0—heat stabilized, flame retardant PA666 resin (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

Figure 6.175. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grilon® TS V0—heat stabilized, flame retardant PA666 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.176. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® C3U—general purpose injection molding grade with improved flame retardance PA666 resin (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

Figure 6.177. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Ultramid® C3U—general purpose injection molding grade with improved flame retardance PA666 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.178. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 109L—nucleated, lubricated PA666 resin (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

Figure 6.179. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Zytel® 109L—nucleated, lubricated PA666 resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.180. Shear modulus vs. temperature of EMS-Grivory Grivory® HT2V Series of PA666 resins.

Figure 6.181. Shear modulus vs. temperature of EMS-Grivory Grilon® TS Series of PA666 resins (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

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Figure 6.182. Shear modulus vs. temperature of EMS-Grivory Grilon® TS Series of PA666 resins (DAM).

Figure 6.183. Shear modulus vs. temperature for BASF Ultramid® PA666 resins.

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Figure 6.184. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of EMS-Grivory Grivory® HT2V series PA666 resins.

Figure 6.185. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for BASF Ultramid® PA666 resins.

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Figure 6.186. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for BASF Ultramid® C3U-C 3U—general purpose, injection molding, improved flame retardance PA666 resin.

6.9 Nylon Amorphous

Figure 6.187. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grilamid® TR55—standard grade amorphous nylon (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

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Figure 6.188. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grilamid® Grilamid® TR90—high strength amorphous nylon (conditioned at 50% relative humidity).

Figure 6.189. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

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Figure 6.190. Stress vs. strain at yield at various temperatures for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.191. Shear modulus vs. temperature for two EMS-Grivory Grilamid® amorphous nylons.

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Figure 6.192. Storage modulus vs. temperature for two Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylons.

Figure 6.193. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for two EMS-Grivory Grilamid® amorphous nylons.

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Figure 6.194. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.195. Charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

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Figure 6.196. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.197. Linear expansion vs. moisture content for Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylon.

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Figure 6.198. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylons.

Figure 6.199. Moisture content vs. relative humidity for Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylon.

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Figure 6.200. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and water content for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.201. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

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Figure 6.202. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

Figure 6.203. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for Degussa Trogamid® T5000—standard grade amorphous nylon.

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6.10 Nylon 46 (PA46)

Figure 6.204. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DSM Engineering Plastics Stanyl® TE200F6—30% glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PA46 resin.

Figure 6.205. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DSM Engineering Plastics Stanyl® PA46 resins.

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Figure 6.206. Shear modulus vs. temperature for DSM Engineering Plastics Stanyl® TE250 Series—fiber glass filled, heat stabilized, fire retardant PA46 resins.

Figure 6.207. Shear modulus vs. temperature and humidity for DSM Engineering Plastics Stanyl® PA46 resins.

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6.11 Polyphthalamide (PPA)

Figure 6.208. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Amodel® A-1133 HS—33% glass reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.209. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Amodel® A-1145 HS—45% glass reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.210. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Amodel® AS-1566 HS—65% glass/mineral reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.211. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Amodel® AT-5001—High impact PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.212. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Amodel® ET-1001 HS—Impact-modified, heat stabilized PPA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.213. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G35HSL—35% glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.214. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G35HSL—35% glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated PPA resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 6.215. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G45HSL—45% glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.216. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G45HSL—45% glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated PPA resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 6.217. Flexural modulus vs. relative humidity for Solvay Amodel® A-1133 HS—33% glass reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin.

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Figure 6.218. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.219. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass fiber reinforced PPA resins.

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Figure 6.220. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass and mineral reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.221. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.222. Modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® unreinforced base PPA resins.

Figure 6.223. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass fiber reinforced PPA resins.

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Figure 6.224. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.225. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass and mineral reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.226. Compressive modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.227. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.228. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass fiber reinforced PPA resins.

Figure 6.229. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass and mineral reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.230. Tensile strength vs. relative humidity for Solvay Amodel® A-1133 HS—33% glass reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin.

Figure 6.231. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass fiber reinforced PPA resins.

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Figure 6.232. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.233. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass and mineral reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.234. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.235. Tensile elongation at break vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® glass fiber reinforced PPA resins.

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Figure 6.236. Tensile elongation at break vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

Figure 6.237. Compressive strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® A—1000 series glass fiber reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resins.

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Figure 6.238. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Solvay Amodel® PPA resins.

Figure 6.239. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G35HSL—35% glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated PPA resins.

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Figure 6.240. Moisture absorption vs. relative humidity for Solvay Amodel® A-1133 HS—33% glass reinforced, heat stabilized PPA resin.

6.12 Polyarylamide (PAA)

Figure 6.241. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay IXEF® 1002—30% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.242. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.243. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay IXEF® 1032—60% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.244. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay IXEF® 2057—45% mineral reinforced PAA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.245. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay IXEF® 3006—30% carbon fiber reinforced PAA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.246. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

Figure 6.247. Tensile modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for Solvay IXEF® reinforced PAA resins.

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Figure 6.248. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

Figure 6.249. Flexural strength vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

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Figure 6.250. Tensile strength vs. relative humidity at 23°C for Solvay IXEF® reinforced PAA resins.

Figure 6.251. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

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Figure 6.252. Notched IZOD strength vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

Figure 6.253. Unnotched IZOD strength vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

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Figure 6.254. IZOD strength vs. water content for Solvay IXEF® PAA resins.

Figure 6.255. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

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Figure 6.256. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (COLTE) vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1022—50% glass fiber reinforced PAA resin.

Figure 6.257. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (COLTE) vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 1622—50% glass fiber reinforced, impact modified PAA resin.

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Figure 6.258. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (COLTE) vs. temperature for Solvay IXEF® 2011—42% mineral reinforced PAA resin.

Figure 6.259. Water absorption vs. relative humidity for Solvay IXEF® PAA resins.

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6.13 Polyamide Blend (PPA)

Figure 6.260. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GC-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% carbon fiber reinforced PPA resin (conditioned).

Figure 6.261. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GC-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% carbon fiber reinforced PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.262. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GM-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% mineral reinforced PPA resin (conditioned).

Figure 6.263. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GM-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% mineral reinforced PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.264. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GV-5H—PA66/PPA alloy, 50% glass fiber reinforced PPA resin (conditioned).

Figure 6.265. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for EMS-Grivory Grivory GV-5H—PA66/PPA alloy, 50% glass fiber reinforced PPA resin (DAM).

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Figure 6.266. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Orgalloy® RS 6010—PA6 alloy, 10% glass fiber reinforced PPA resin (DAM).

Figure 6.267. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Arkema Orgalloy® PPA resins (DAM).

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Figure 6.268. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for EMS-Grivory Grivory GC-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% carbon fiber reinforced PPA resin.

Figure 6.269. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for EMS-Grivory Grivory GM-4H—PA66/PPA alloy, 40% mineral reinforced PPA resin.

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Figure 6.270. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for EMS-Grivory Grivory GV-5H—PA66/PPA alloy, 50% glass fiber reinforced PPA resin.

Figure 6.271. Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for Arkema Orgalloy® RS 6010—PA6 alloy, 10% glass fiber reinforced PPA resin.

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7 Polyolefins and Acrylics 7.1 Background In organic chemistry, an alkene, also called an olefin, is a chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. The simplest alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n. The two simplest alkenes of this series are ethylene and propylene. When these are polymerized, they form polyethylene and polypropylene, which are two of the plastics discussed in this chapter. A slightly more complex alkene is 4-methylpentene-1, the basis of poly (methyl pentene), known by the trade name of TPX™. If one of the hydrogens on the ethylene molecule is changed to chlorine, the molecule is called vinyl chloride, the basis of polyvinyl-chloride, (PVC). Acrylic polymers are also polymerized through the carbon-carbon double bond. Methyl methacrylate is the monomer used to make polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

The structures of these monomers are shown in Fig. 7.1, and of their polymers are shown in Fig. 7.2. The copolymer structure using the norbornene monomer is shown later in Fig. 7.5.

7.1.1 Polyethylene (PE) PE can be made in a number of ways. The way it is produced can affect its physical properties. It can also have very small amounts of comonomers, which can alter its structure and properties. The basic types or classifications of PE, according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1248, are as follows: • Ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.890 to 0.905 g/cc, contain comonomer

ethylene

Propylene

4-methylpentene-1

Vinyl chloride

Methyl methacrylate

Norbornene

Figure 7.1. Chemical structures of monomers used to make polyolefins.

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• Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.905 to 0.915 g/cc, contain comonomer • Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.915 to 0.935 g/cc, contain comonomer • Low density polyethylene (LDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.915 to 0.935 g/cc • Medium density polyethylene (MDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.926 to 0.940 g/ cc, may or may not contain comonomer

• High-density polyethylene (HDPE), polymers with densities ranging from 0.940 to 0.970 g/cc, may or may not contain comonomer Figure 7.3 shows the differences graphically. The differences in terms of number and length of the branches affect the density and melting points of some of the types. Branching affects the crystallinity. A diagram of a representation of the crystal structure of PE is shown in Fig. 7.4. One can imagine how branching in the polymer chain can disrupt the crystalline regions.

Figure 7.2. Structures of polyolefin polymers.

Figure 7.3. Graphical depictions of PE types.

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Figure 7.4. Graphical diagram of PE crystal structure.

The crystalline regions are the highly ordered areas in the shaded rectangles of Fig. 7.4. A high degree of branching reduces the size of the crystalline regions, and leads to lower crystallinity.

7.1.2 Polypropylene (PP) The three main types of PP generally available are:

• Impact Copolymers (heterophasic copolymers): They are made in a two reactor system where the homopolymer matrix is made in the first reactor and then transferred to the second reactor where ethylene and propylene are polymerized to create ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) in the form of microscopic nodules dispersed in the homopolymer matrix phase. These nodules impart impact resistance both at ambient and cold temperatures to the compound. This type has intermediate stiffness and tensile strength and is quite cloudy. In general, the more the ethylene monomer added, the greater the impact resistance with correspondingly lower stiffness and tensile strength.

• Homopolymers: They are made in a single reactor with propylene and a catalyst. They are the stiffest of the three propylene types and have the highest tensile strength at yield. In the natural state (no colorant added), they are translucent and have excellent see through or contact clarity with liquids. In comparison to the other two types they have less impact resistance, especially below 0°C.

7.1.3 Polytrimethyl Pentene (PTP)

• Random Copolymers (homophasic copolymers): They are made in a single reactor adding a small amount of ethylene (<5%), which disrupts the crystallinity of the polymer, allowing this type to be the clearest. They are also the most flexible with the lowest tensile strength of the three. They have better room temperature impact than homopolymers but share the same relatively poor impact resistance at low temperatures.

4-Methylpentene-1 based polyolefin is manufactured and marketed solely by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. by the trade name TPX™. This lightweight, functional polymer displays a unique combination of physical properties and characteristics due to its distinctive molecular structure, which includes a bulky side chain as shown in Fig. 7.2. PTP possesses many characteristics inherent in traditional polyolefins such as excellent electrical insulating properties and strong hydrolysis resistance. Moreover, it features

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low dielectric, superb clarity, transparency, gas permeability, heat and chemical resistance and release qualities. It can be used for extruded and film products, injection molded, and blow molded application items, including: • Paper coatings and baking cartons

differs from Type I by having greater impact values, but lower chemical resistance. CPVC has greater high-temperature resistance. These materials are considered ‘unplasticized’, because they are less flexible than the plasticized formulations. PVC has a broad range of applications, from high-volume construction- related products to simple electric wire insulation and coatings.

• Release film and release paper • High frequency films • Microwave cookware • Food packaging such as gas permeable packages for fruit and vegetables • LED molds

7.1.4 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Thermoplastic UHMWPE is also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE). It has extremely long chains, with molecular weight numbering in millions (usually between 3.1 and 5.67 million). The high molecular weight leads to a very good packing of the chains into the crystal structure. This makes UHMWPE a very tough material, with the highest impact strength of any thermoplastic presently made. It is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals, with exception of oxidizing acids. It has extremely low moisture absorption and is highly resistant to abrasion. Its coefficient of friction is significantly lower than nylon and acetal.

7.1.5 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) PVC is a flexible or rigid material that is chemically nonreactive. Rigid PVC is easily machined, heat formed, welded, and even solvent cemented. PVC can also be machined using standard metal working tools and finished to close tolerances and finishes without great difficulty. PVC resins are normally mixed with other additives such as impact modifiers and stabilizers, providing hundreds of PVC based materials with a variety of engineering properties. There are three broad classifications for rigid PVC compounds: Type I, Type II, and CPVC. Type II

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7.1.6 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) COC is an amorphous polyolefin made by reaction of ethylene and norbornene in varying ratios. Its structure is given in Fig. 7.5. The properties can be customized by changing the ratio of the monomers found in the polymer. Being amorphous it is transparent. Other performance benefits include: • Low density • Extremely low water absorption • Excellent water vapor barrier properties • High rigidity, strength, and hardness • Variable heat deflection temperature up to 170°C • Very good resistance to acids and alkalis

7.1.7 Polyacrylics While a large number of acrylic polymers are manufactured, PMMA is the most common. It is popular by the trade name, Plexiglas®. PMMA has two very distinct properties that set the product apart from others. First, it is optically clear and colorless. It has a light transmission of 92%. The 4% reflection loss at each surface in unavoidable. Second, its surface is extremely hard. They are also highly weather resistant.

Figure 7.5. Chemical structure of COC.

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7.1.8 Other Olefin/Acrylic Polymers There are a large number of acrylic/olefin copolymers manufactured. One of the best known is the copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid forming a polymer known as ethylene-methacrylic-acid

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(EMAA). This is more commonly known by its trade name, Surlyn®, made by DuPont. Generally, there is little multipoint data publicly available for these polymers, so they are not included in this book. Graphs of the properties of polyolefin plastics as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 7.2–7.8.

7.2 Polyethylene (PE)

Figure 7.6. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 1810H—low density (0.918 g/cc), MFR 1.5 g/10 min PE resin.

Figure 7.7. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5031L—high density (0.950 g/cc), MFR 6.5 g/10min, stabilized PE resin.

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Figure 7.8. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5041H—high density (0.950 g/cc), MFR 1.5 g/10 min, stabilized PE resin.

Figure 7.9. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5261Z—high density (0.952 g/cc), MFR 2 g/10 min, stabilized PE resin.

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Figure 7.10. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 6031M—high density (0.960 g/cc), MFR 8 g/10 min, stabilized PE resin.

Figure 7.11. Yield stress vs. density of Basell Polyolefins—PE resin.

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Figure 7.12. Tensile modulus vs. density of Basell Polyolefins—PE resin.

Figure 7.13. Notched tensile impact strength vs. melt flow rate (MFR) of Basell Polyolefins—PE resin.

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Figure 7.14. Specific volume vs. temperature and pressure (PVT) of Basell Polyolefins—PE resin.

Figure 7.15. Hardness vs. density of Basell Polyolefins—PE resin.

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7.3 Polypropylene (PP)

Figure 7.16. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H1022—easy flow, high impact PP resin.

Figure 7.17. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H2250—easy flow, high heat PP resin.

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Figure 7.18. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H5216—easy flow, random copolymer PP resin.

Figure 7.19. Flexural modulus at 23°C vs. glass fiber content of Asahi Kasei Thermylene®—PP resins.

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Figure 7.20. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Chisso America Olehard®—glass and mineral filled PP resin.

Figure 7.21. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Marlex®—PP resin.

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Figure 7.22. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resin.

Figure 7.23. Tensile strength at break vs. glass fiber content at 23°C of Asahi Kasei Thermylene®—PP resins.

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Figure 7.24. Tensile strength at break vs. temperature of Chisso America Olehard®—glass and mineral filled PP resin.

Figure 7.25. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Asahi Kasei Thermylene®—PP resins.

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Figure 7.26. Notched charpy impact strength vs. temperature of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resins.

Figure 7.27. Notched charpy impact strength vs. temperature of easy flow Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®— PP resins.

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Figure 7.28. Notched charpy impact strength vs. temperature of additional Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resins.

Figure 7.29. Coefficient of thermal expansion (in flow direction) vs. temperature of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resins.

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Figure 7.30. Coefficient of thermal expansion (in flow direction) vs. temperature of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resins.

Figure 7.31. Enthalpy vs. temperature of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen®—PP resins.

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Figure 7.32. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® PPN 1060 F—PP resins.

7.4 Polymethylpentene (PMP)

Figure 7.33. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18—general purpose, unfilled PMP resin.

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Figure 7.34. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18—general purpose, unfilled PMP resin.

Figure 7.35. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18—general purpose, unfilled PMP resin.

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Figure 7.36. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 20°C of Mitsui Chemicals FR-TPX™ T130—30% chopped glass filled PMP resin.

Figure 7.37. Dielectric constant at 1 MHz vs. temperature of Mitsui Chemicals FR-TPX™ T130—30% chopped glass filled PMP resin.

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Figure 7.38. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at 20°C of Mitsui Chemicals FR-TPX™ T130—30% chopped glass filled PMP resin.

Figure 7.39. Dissipation factor vs. frequency of Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18—general purpose, unfilled PMP resin.

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Figure 7.40. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 1 MHz of Mitsui Chemicals FR-TPX™ T130—30% chopped glass filled PMP resin.

Figure 7.41. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18—general purpose, unfilled PMP resin.

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7.5 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

Figure 7.42. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Ticona GUR® 4120—high bulk density, corrosion stabilized UHMWPE resin.

Figure 7.43. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Ticona—UHMWPE resin.

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Figure 7.44. Elongation at break vs. temperature of Ticona—UHMWPE resin.

Figure 7.45. Yield stress vs. temperature of Ticona GUR® 4120—high bulk density, corrosion stabilized UHMWPE resin.

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Figure 7.46. Notched charpy impact strength vs. temperature of Ticona GUR® 4120—high bulk density, corrosion stabilized UHMWPE resin.

Figure 7.47. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature of Ticona GUR® 4120—high bulk density, corrosion stabilized UHMWPE resin.

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Figure 7.48. Heat capacity (enthalpy) vs. temperature of Ticona GUR®—UHMWPE resin.

Figure 7.49. Specific heat vs. temperature of Ticona GUR®—UHMWPE resin.

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7.6 Rigid Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC)

Figure 7.50. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of PolyOne Fiberloc™—rigid PVC resins with different amounts of glass fiber reinforcement.

Figure 7.51. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of Various PolyOne Geon® rigid PVC resins.

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Figure 7.52. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of PolyOne Fiberloc™—Rigid PVC resins with different amounts of glass fiber reinforcement.

Figure 7.53. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of two PolyOne Geon® rigid PVC resins[j5].

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Figure 7.54. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of two additional PolyOne Geon® rigid PVC resins.

Figure 7.55. Flexural strength vs. temperature of PolyOne Fiberloc™—rigid PVC resins with different amounts of glass fiber reinforcement.

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Figure 7.56. Tensile strength vs. temperature of two PolyOne Geon® rigid PVC resins.

Figure 7.57. Notched Izod strength vs. temperature of PolyOne Geon® 87241—high flow, high impact, opaque rigid PVC resin.

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7.7 Cyclic-Olefin-Copolymer (COC)

Figure 7.58. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of several Ticona Topas®—COC resins.

Figure 7.59. Elastic modulus vs. temperature of Ticona Topas® 5013, 6013, 6015 and 6017—COC resins.

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Figure 7.60. Shear modulus vs. temperature of Ticona Topas®—COC resin.

Figure 7.61. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Ticona Topas® 5013, 6013, 6015 and 6017—COC resins.

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Figure 7.62. Glass transition temperature vs. norbornene content of Ticona Topas®—COC resins.

Figure 7.63. Dielectric content vs. temperature of Ticona Topas® 6015—Clear, HDT 150°C COC resin.

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Figure 7.64. Dissipation factor vs. temperature of Ticona Topas® 6015—Clear, HDT 150°C COC resin.

7.8 Polyacrylics

Figure 7.65. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® 6N—standard grade acrylic resin.

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Figure 7.66. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® zk20—high impact grade acrylic resin.

Figure 7.67. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures of Röhm Plexiglas® hw55—heat resistant grade acrylic resin.

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Figure 7.68. Shear modulus vs. temperature of Cyro Industries Acrylite® acrylic resin.

Figure 7.69. Shear modulus vs. temperature of Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® acrylic resins.

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Figure 7.70. Tensile modulus vs. temperature—general purpose acrylic resin.

Figure 7.71. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® acrylic resins.

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Figure 7.72. Tensile strength vs. temperature—general purpose acrylic resin.

Figure 7.73. Charpy impact strength of Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® 7N—general purpose extrusion grade acrylic resin vs. percentage of Plexiglas® zkBR additives.

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Figure 7.74. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® 7N—general purpose extrusion grade acrylic resin.

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8 Thermoplastic Elastomers 8.1 Background Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have two big advantages over the conventional thermoset (vulcanized) elastomers. The advantages being ease and speed of processing. Other advantages of TPEs are recyclability of scrap, lower energy costs for processing, and the availability of standard uniform grades (generally not available in thermosets). TPEs are molded or extruded on standard plasticsprocessing equipment in considerably shorter cycle times than those required for compression or transfer molding of conventional rubbers. They are made by copolymerizing two or more monomers, using either block or graft polymerization techniques. One of the monomers provides the hard, or crystalline, polymer segment that functions as a thermally stable component; the other monomer develops the soft or amorphous segment which contributes the elastomeric or rubbery characteristic. Physical and chemical properties can be controlled by varying the ratio of the monomers and the length of the hard and soft segments. Block techniques create long-chain molecules that have various or alternating hard and soft segments. Graft polymerization methods involve attaching one polymer chain to another as a branch. The properties that are affected by each phase can be generalized as: “Hard phase”—plastic properties

(3) Flexibility (4) Compression set and tensile set Three high performance types of TPEs make up this chapter.

8.1.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPUs) Urethanes are a reaction product of a diisocyanate and a long- and short-chain polyether, polyester, or caprolactone glycols. The polyols and the short-chain diols react with the diisocyanates to form linear polyurethane molecules. This combination of a diisocyanate and a short-chain diol produces the rigid or hard segment. The polyols form the flexible or soft segment of the final molecule. Figure 8.1 shows the molecular structure in schematic form. The properties of the resin depends on the nature of the raw materials, the reaction conditions, and the ratio of the starting raw materials. The polyols used have a significant influence on certain properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane. Polyether and polyester polyols are both used to produce many products. The polyester based TPUs have the following characteristic features: • Good oil/solvent resistance

(1) Processing temperatures

• Good UV resistance

(2) Continuous-use temperature

• Abrasion resistance

(3) Tensile strength

• Good heat resistance

(4) Tear strength

• Mechanical properties

(5) Chemical and fluid resistance (6) Adhesion to inks, adhesives, and overmolding substrates

The polyether based TPUs have the following characteristic features: • Fungus resistance

“Soft phase”—elastomeric properties

• Low temperature flexibility

(1) Lower service temperature limits

• Excellent hydrolytic stability

(2) Hardness

• Acid/base resistance

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Figure 8.1. Molecular structure (schematic form) of a TPU.

In addition to the basic components described above, most resin formulations contain additives to facilitate production and processability. Other additives can also be included such as • Demolding agents • Flame retardants • Heat/UV stabilizers • Plasticizers The polyether types are slightly more expensive and have better hydrolytic stability and low-temperature flexibility than the polyester types.

8.1.2 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs) These TPEs are generally tougher over a broader temperature range than the urethanes described in Section 8.1.1. Also, they are easier and more forgiving in processing. They have the following characteristic features: • Excellent abrasion resistance • High tensile, compressive, and tear strength • Good flexibility over a wide range of temperatures

particularly better solvent resistance than the ordinary rubbers, but also better heat resistance. These TPEs can have low viscosity above the melting temperature of the crystalline regions, and can be molded easily in both thin sections and complex structures. Properties of thermoplastic polyester elastomers can be fine-tuned over a range by altering the ratio of hard to soft segments. In DuPont Hytrel® polyester TPEs, the resin is a block copolymer. The hard phase is polybutylene terephthalate. The soft segments are long chain polyether glycols.

8.1.3 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers Polyether block amides are plasticizer-free TPEs. The soft segment is the polyether and the hard segment is the polyamide (nylon). They are easy to process by injection molding, and by profile or film extrusion. Often, they can be easily melt-blended with other polymers, and many compounders will provide custom products by doing this. Their chemistry allows them to achieve a wide range of physical and mechanical properties by varying the monomeric block types and ratios. They have the following characteristic features: (1) Light weight

• Good hydrolytic stability

(2) Great flexibility (extensive range)

• Resistance to solvents and fungus attack

(3) Resiliency

• Selection of a wide range of hardness

(4) Very good dynamic properties

In these polyester TPEs, the hard polyester segments can crystallize, giving the polymer some of the attributes of semicrystalline thermoplastics, most

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(5) High strength (6) Outstanding impact resistance properties at low temperature

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(7) Easy processing (8) Good resistance to most chemicals

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Graphs showing multipoint properties of TPEs as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 8.2–8.4.

8.2 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU)

Figure 8.2. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® 1164 D—polyether resin, Shore hardness 64D TPU resin.

Figure 8.3. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® 1185 A—polyether resin, Shore hardness 85A TPU resin.

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Figure 8.4. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® C 64 D—polyester resin, high crystallinity, Shore hardness 64D TPU resin.

Figure 8.5. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® C 85 A—polyester resin, high crystallinity, Shore hardness 85A TPU resin.

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Figure 8.6. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® C 95 A—polyester resin, high crystallinity, Shore hardness 95A TPU resin.

Figure 8.7. Stress vs. strain at various high temperatures for Bayer Desmopan® 453—polyester resin, Shore hardness 53D TPU resin.

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Figure 8.8. Stress vs. strain at various low temperatures for Bayer Desmopan® 453—polyester resin, Shore hardness 53D TPU resin.

Figure 8.9. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® R 1000—20% glass fiber, Shore hardness 60D TPU resin.

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Figure 8.10. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® R 2000—20% glass fiber, Shore hardness 67D TPU resin.

Figure 8.11. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for BASF Elastollan® R 3000—20% glass fiber, Shore hardness 73D TPU resin.

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Figure 8.12. Stress vs. strain at various low temperatures for Bayer Texin® 285—polyester resin, Shore hardness 85A TPU resin.

Figure 8.13. Stress vs. strain at various high temperatures for Bayer Texin® 285—polyester resin, Shore hardness 85A TPU resin.

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Figure 8.14. Stress vs. strain at various high temperatures for Bayer Texin® 390—polyester resin, Shore hardness 88A TPU resin.

Figure 8.15. Stress vs. strain at various low temperatures for Bayer Texin® 390—polyester resin, Shore hardness 88A TPU resin.

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Figure 8.16. Elastic modulus vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® R glass fiber filled TPU resins.

Figure 8.17. Elastic modulus vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® polyester TPU resins.

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Figure 8.18. Elastic modulus vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® polyether TPU resins.

Figure 8.19. Tear strength vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® polyester TPU resins.

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Figure 8.20. Tear strength vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® polyether TPU resins.

Figure 8.21. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Bayer TPU resins.

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Figure 8.22. Tensile set vs. temperature for Bayer TPU resins.

Figure 8.23. Hardness vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® polyester TPU resins.

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Figure 8.24. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for BASF Elastollan® TPU resins.

8.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs)

Figure 8.25. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (low strain) for DuPont Hytrel® G4075—general purpose, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.26. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (high strain) for DuPont Hytrel® G4075—general purpose, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.27. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (low strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 7246—high performance, high modulus, Shore D72 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.28. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (high strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 7246—high performance, high modulus, Shore D72 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.29. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (low strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 6356—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D63 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.30. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (high strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 6356—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D63 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.31. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (low strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 5556—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D55 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.32. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (high strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 5556—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D55 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.33. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (low strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 4056—high performance, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.34. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures (high strain) for DuPont Hytrel® 4056—high performance, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.35. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for DuPont Hytrel® G4075—general purpose, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.36. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for DuPont Hytrel® 7246—high performance, high modulus, Shore D72 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.37. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for DuPont Hytrel® 6356—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D63 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.38. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for DuPont Hytrel® 5556—high performance, medium-high modulus, Shore D55 TPE-E resin.

Figure 8.39. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for DuPont Hytrel® 4056—high performance, low modulus, Shore D40 TPE-E resin.

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Figure 8.40. Elastic modulus in compression vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

Figure 8.41. Elastic modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

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Figure 8.42. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

Figure 8.43. Dropped weight impact failure energy vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

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Figure 8.44. Dropped weight impact failure energy vs. temperature for additional DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

Figure 8.45. Dropped weight impact failure load vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

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Figure 8.46. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins.

8.4 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers

Figure 8.47. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Pebax® 2533 SN 01—Shore hardness 25 PEBA thermoplastic elastomer resin.

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Figure 8.48. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Pebax® 3533 SN 01—Shore hardness 35 PEBA thermoplastic elastomer resin.

Figure 8.49. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Pebax® 4033 SN 01—Shore hardness 40 PEBA thermoplastic elastomer resin.

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Figure 8.50. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Arkema Pebax® PEBA thermoplastic elastomer resins.

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9 Fluoropolymers 9.1 Background The following sections will briefly explain the structures and properties of various fluoropolymers. It is important to note that there are variations in most of these polymers. The most common variations are the molecular weight, which will affect the melting point to some extent, and the viscosity of the polymer above its melting point, properties that are important in determining processing conditions and use. Traditionally, a fluoropolymer or fluoroplastic is defined as a polymer consisting of carbon (C) and fluorine (F) atoms. Sometimes these are referred to as perfluoropolymers to distinguish them from partially fluorinated polymers, fluoroelastomers, and other polymers that contain fluorine in their chemical structure. For example, fluorosilicone and fluoroacrylate polymers are not referred to as fluoropolymers.

9.1.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE) is an example of a linear fluoropolymer. Its structure in simplistic form is shown in Fig. 9.1. Formed by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), the (–CF2–CF2–) groups repeat many thousand times. The fundamental properties of fluoropolymers evolve from the atomic structure of fluorine and carbon and their covalent bonding in specific chemical structures. The backbone is made up of carbon–carbon bonds and the pendant groups are carbon– fluorine bonds. Both are extremely strong bonds. The basic properties of PTFE stem from these two very strong chemical bonds. The size of the fluorine atom

Figure 9.1. Chemical structure of PTFE.

allows the formation of a uniform and continuous covering around the carbon–carbon bonds and protects them from chemical attack, thus imparting chemical resistance and stability to the molecule. PTFE is rated for use up to (260°C). PTFE does not dissolve in any known solvent. The fluorine sheath is also responsible for the low surface energy (18 dynes/ cm) and low coefficient of friction (0.05–0.08, static) of PTFE. Another attribute of the uniform fluorine sheath is the electrical inertness (or nonpolarity) of the PTFE molecule. Electrical fields impart only slight polarization in this molecule, so volume and surface resistivity are high. The PTFE molecule is simple and quite ordered, and so it can align itself with other molecules or with other portions of the same molecule. Disordered regions are called amorphous regions. This is important because polymers with high crystallinity require more energy to melt. In other words, they have higher melting points. When this happens it forms what is called a crystalline region. Crystalline polymers have a substantial fraction of their mass in the form of parallel, closely packed molecules. High molecular weight PTFE resins have high crystallinity and therefore, high melting points, typically as high as 320–342°C (608–648°F). The crystallinity of aspolymerized PTFE is typically 92%–98%. Further, the viscosity in the molten state (called melt creep viscosity) is so high that high molecular weight PTFE particles do not flow even at temperatures above its melting point. They sinter much like powdered metals; they stick to each other at the contact points, and combine into larger particles. PTFE is called a homopolymer, a polymer made from a single monomer. Recently, many PTFE manufacturers have added minute amounts of other monomers to their PTFE polymerizations to produce alternate grades of PTFE designed for specific applications. Generally, polymers made from two monomers are called copolymers, but fluoropolymer manufacturers call these grades modified homopolymer at below 1% by weight of the additional monomer. DuPont grades of this type are called Teflon® NXT resins. These modified granular PTFE materials retain the exceptional chemical, thermal, 447

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antistick, and low-friction properties of conventional PTFE resin, but offer some improvements. • Ability to weld • Improved permeation resistance • Less creep

Figure 9.2. Chemical structure of ECTFE.

• Smoother, less porous surfaces • Better high-voltage insulation The copolymers described in the following sections contain significantly more of the non-TFE monomers.

9.1.2 Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) is a copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Figure 9.2 shows the molecular structure of ECTFE. This simplified structure shows that the ratio of the monomers is 1:1 and strictly alternating, which is the desirable proportion. Commonly known by the tradename, Halar®, ECTFE is an expensive, melt processable, semicrystalline, whitish semiopaque thermoplastic with good chemical resistance, and barrier properties. It also has good tensile and creep properties and good high-frequency electrical characteristics. Applications include chemically resistant linings, valve and pump components, barrier films, and release/vacuum bagging films.

Figure 9.3. Chemical structure of ETFE.

• Excellent resistance to extremes of temperature • A working temperature range from –200°C to 150°C • Excellent chemical resistance Mechanical strength of ETFE is good with excellent tensile strength and elongation and has superior physical properties compared to most fluoropolymers. With low smoke and flame characteristics, ETFE is rated 94V-0 by the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. It is odorless and nontoxic. • Outstanding resistance to weather and aging • Excellent dielectric properties

9.1.3 Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) is a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The basic molecular structure of ETFE is shown in Fig. 9.3. The structure in Fig. 9.3 shows alternating units of TFE and ethylene. While this polymer can be readily made, in many grades of ETFE the ratio of the two monomers are varied slightly to optimize properties for specific end uses. ETFE is a fluoroplastic with excellent electrical and chemical properties. It also has excellent mechanical properties. ETFE is specially suited for uses requiring high mechanical strength, chemical, thermal, and/or electrical properties. The mechanical properties of ETFE are superior to those of PTFE and fluorinated-ethylene-propylene (FEP). ETFE has the following characteristic features:

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• Nonstick characteristics

9.1.4 FluorinatedEthylene-Propylene (FEP) If one of the fluorine atoms on tetrafluoroethylene is replaced with a trifluoromethyl group (–CF3) then the new monomer is called hexafluoropropylene (HFP). Polymerization of monomers (HFP) and TFE yield a different fluoropolymer, called FEP. The number of HFP groups is typically 13% by weight or less and its structure is shown in Fig. 9.4. The effect of using HFP is to put a ‘bump’ along the polymer chain. This bump disrupts the crystallization of the FEP, which has atypical as-polymerized crystallinity of 70% versus 92%–98% for PTFE. It also lowers its melting point. The reduction of the melting point depends mainly on the amount of

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trifluoromethyl groups added and secondarily on the molecular weight. Most FEP resins melt around 274°C (525°F), although lower melting points are possible. Even high molecular weight FEP will melt and flow. The high chemical resistance, low surface energy, and good electrical insulation properties of PTFE are retained.

9.1.5 Perfluoro-Alkoxy (PFA) Making a more dramatic change in the side-group than that done in making FEP, chemists put a perfluoroalkoxy group on the polymer chain. This group is signified as –O–Rf, where Rf can be any number of totally fluorinated carbons. A typical one is perfluoropropyl (–O–CF2–CF2–CF3). These polymers are called PFA and the perfluoroalkylvinylether group is typically added at 3.5% or less. Another common perfluoroalkoxy group is perfluoromethylvinylether (–O–CH3) making a polymer called MFA. A structure of PFA is shown in Fig. 9.5. The large side group reduces the crystallinity drastically. The melting point is generally between 305 and 310°C (581–590°F) depending on the molecular weight. The melt viscosity is also dramatically dependent on the molecular weight. Since PFA is also perfluorinated like FEP, its high chemical resistance, low surface energy, and good electrical insulation properties are retained.

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9.1.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) PCTFE is a homopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene, characterized by the following structure shown in Fig. 9.6. The addition of one chlorine atom contributes to lowering of the melt viscosity to permit extrusion and injection molding. It also contributes to the transparency, the exceptional flow, and the rigidity characteristics of the polymer. Fluorine is responsible for its chemical inertness and zero moisture absorption. Therefore, PCTFE has unique properties. Its resistance to cold flow, dimensional stability, rigidity, low gas permeability, and low moisture absorption is superior to any other fluoropolymer. It can also be used at low temperatures.

9.1.7 Polyvinylidene-Fluoride (PVDF) The polymers made from 1,1-di-fluoro-ethene (or vinylidene fluoride) are known as PVDF—polyvinylidene fluoride. They are resistant to oils and fats, water and steam, and gas and odors, making them of particular value for the food industry. PVDF is known for its exceptional chemical stability and excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation. It is chiefly used in the production and coating of equipments used in aggressive environments, and where high levels of mechanical and thermal resistance are required. It is also used in architectural applications as a coating on metal siding where it provides exceptional resistance to environmental exposure. The chemical structure of PVDF is shown in Fig. 9.7.

Figure 9.4. Chemical structure of FEP.

Figure 9.6. Chemical structure of PCTFE.

Figure 9.5. Chemical structure of PFA.

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Figure 9.7. Chemical structure of PVDF.

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One of the tradenames of PVDF is Kynar®. The alternating CH2 and CF2 groups along the polymer chain provide a unique polarity that influences its solubility and electric properties. At elevated temperatures PVDF can be dissolved in polar solvents such as organic esters and amines. This selective solubility offers a way to prepare corrosion resistant coatings for chemical process equipment and longlife architectural finishes on building panels. Key attributes of PVDF include: • Mechanical strength and toughness • High abrasion resistance

• Good flexibility • Permeation resistance • Excellent clarity and light transmission There are no multipoint charts available, but some tabular data is included in Chapter 11.

9.1.9 HTE HTE is a polymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene. It is made by 3M Dyneon. It has the following properties:

• High thermal stability • Broad processing range

• High dielectric strength

• Very good chemical resistance

• High purity

• Permeation resistance

• Readily melt processable

• High light transmission in visible and UV regions

• Resistant to most chemicals and solvents • Resistant to ultraviolet and nuclear radiation

• Excellent dimensional stability and toughness

• Resistant to weathering

• Good electrical properties

• Resistant to fungi • Low permeability to most gases and liquids • Low flame and smoke characteristics

9.1.8 THV™ THV™ is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride. It is made by 3M Dyneon. It has the following properties: • Low processing temperature • Bonds to elastomers and hydrocarbon plastics

There are no multipoint charts available, but included here for completeness.

9.1.10 Fluoroplastic Melting Points The melting point ranges of the fluoropolymers are given in Table 9.1. These are useful in determining minimum processing temperatures (usually 25°C above the melt point) and maximum use temperatures (generally 25–40°C below the melting

Table 9.1. Melting Point Ranges of Various Fluoroplastics Fluoroplastic Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)

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Melting Point °C 320–340 240 255–280

Fluorinated-ethylene-propylene (FEP)

260–270

Perfluoro alkoxy (PFA)

302–310

Perfluoro alkoxy (MFA)

280–290

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)

210–212

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

155–170

THV™

115–235

HTE

155–215

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points). Graphs showing the properties of fluoropolymer-based plastics as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 9.2–9.8.

9.2 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Figure 9.8. Stress vs. strain in tension and compression for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

Figure 9.9. Stress vs. strain at high strain rate for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

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Figure 9.10. Stress vs. strain at low strain rate for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

Figure 9.11. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for 3M Dyneon™ PTFE resins.

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Figure 9.12. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

Figure 9.13. Hardness vs. temperature for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

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Figure 9.14. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

Figure 9.15. Dielectric constant vs. temperature for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

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Figure 9.16. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for DuPont Co. General Purpose Teflon® PTFE resin.

9.3 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)

Figure 9.17. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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Figure 9.18. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

Figure 9.19. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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Figure 9.20. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

Figure 9.21. Yield stress vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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Figure 9.22. Elongation at break vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

Figure 9.23. Elongation at yield vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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Figure 9.24. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

Figure 9.25. Dielectric constant vs. temperature at various frequencies for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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Figure 9.26. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at various frequencies for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

Figure 9.27. Volume resistivity vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins.

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9.4 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)

Figure 9.28. Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins.

Figure 9.29. Stress vs. strain in flexure at 23°C for DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins.

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Figure 9.30. Tensile stress vs. strain and temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp FP-EC1004 electrically conductive carbon fiber filled ETFE resin.

Figure 9.31. Tensile stress vs. strain at 23°C for DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins.

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Figure 9.32. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins.

Figure 9.33. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins.

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Figure 9.34. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp FP-EC-1004 electrically conductive carbon fiber filled ETFE resin.

Figure 9.35. Shear strength vs. temperature for DuPont General Purpose Tefzel® 200 ETFE resin.

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Figure 9.36. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP Thermocomp FP-EC-1004 electrically conductive carbon fiber filled ETFE resin.

Figure 9.37. Elongation at break vs. temperature DuPont General Purpose Tefzel® 200 ETFE resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 9.38. Dielectric constant vs. frequency DuPont General Purpose Tefzel® 200 ETFE resin.

Figure 9.39. Dissipation factor vs. frequency DuPont General Purpose Tefzel® 200 ETFE resin.

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9.5 FluorinatedEthylene-Propylene (FEP)

Figure 9.40. Tensile stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

Figure 9.41. Tensile stress vs. strain at various temperatures for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

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Figure 9.42. Tensile stress vs. strain at –52°C for DuPont FEP resins.

Figure 9.43. Tensile stress vs. strain at 23°C for DuPont FEP resins.

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Figure 9.44. Tensile stress vs. strain at 100°C for DuPont FEP resins.

Figure 9.45. Tensile stress vs. strain at 200°C for DuPont FEP resins.

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Figure 9.46. Tensile strength vs. temperature and various strain levels for DuPont general purpose FEP resin.

Figure 9.47. Tensile strength vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics LNP FEP resin with 20% glass fiber.

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Figure 9.48. Ultimate tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont FEP resins.

Figure 9.49. Ultimate elongation vs. temperature for DuPont FEP resins.

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Figure 9.50. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

Figure 9.51. Dieletric constant vs. frequency for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

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Figure 9.52. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

Figure 9.53. Dissipation factor vs. temperature for DuPont general purpose FEP resins.

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9.6 Perfluoro Alkylvinylether (PFA)

Figure 9.54. Stress vs. strain at two temperatures for Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins.

Figure 9.55. Stress at break vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins.

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Figure 9.56. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA 340 and 350 grade resins.

Figure 9.57. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins.

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Figure 9.58. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins.

Figure 9.59. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA 340 and 350 grade resins.

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Figure 9.60. Tensile strength vs. temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins.

Figure 9.61. Yield stress vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins.

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Figure 9.62. Elongation at break vs. temperature Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins.

Figure 9.63. Ultimate elongation vs. temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins.

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Figure 9.64. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for DuPont Teflon® PFA 340 and 350 grade resins.

Figure 9.65. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins.

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Figure 9.66. Dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA 340 and 350 grade resins.

Figure 9.67. Dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins.

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9.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)

Figure 9.68. Stress vs. strain for at 23°C for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

Figure 9.69. Stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for Dyneon PCTFE resins.

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Figure 9.70. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Dyneon crystalline and amorphous PCTFE resins.

Figure 9.71. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

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Figure 9.72. Tensile strength at break vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

Figure 9.73. Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

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Figure 9.74. Shore D harness vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ M-300H—general purpose and M-400H— higher molecular weight, increased toughness PCTFE resins.

Figure 9.75. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for Dyneon PCTFE resin.

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Figure 9.76. Linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

Figure 9.77. Elongation vs. temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ M-300H––general purpose PCTFE resin.

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Figure 9.78. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resin.

Figure 9.79. Dielectric constant vs. frequency at 25°C for Arkema Voltalef® 302 PCTFE resin.

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Figure 9.80. Dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resin.

Figure 9.81. Dielectric constant vs. temperature at 25°C for Arkema Voltalef® 302 PCTFE resin.

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Figure 9.82. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at 25°C for Arkema Voltalef® 302 PCTFE resin.

Figure 9.83. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 60 Hz for Arkema Voltalef® 302 PCTFE resin.

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Figure 9.84. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins.

9.8 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)

Figure 9.85. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® FP VC1003—electrically conductive, carbon fiber filled PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.86. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Kynar Flex® 710—homopolymer PVDF resin.

Figure 9.87. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Arkema Kynar Flex® 2750—copolymer PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.88. Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1008—general purpose homopolymer injection molding PVDF resin.

Figure 9.89. Elongation at break vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.90. Elongation at yield vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.91. Flexural modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.92. Shear modulus vs. temperature for Arkema Kynar Flex® copolymer PVDF resins.

Figure 9.93. Tensile modulus vs. temperature for SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® FP VC-1003— electrically conductive, carbon fiber filled PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.94. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.95. Young’s modulus vs. temperature for Arkema Kynar Flex®—PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.96. Compressive modulus vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.97. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Arkema Kynar Flex®—PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.98. Tensile strength vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.99. Ultimate compressive strength vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.100. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.101. Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) plot for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1008—general purpose homopolymer injection molding PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.102. Density vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.103. Thermal conductivity vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1010—general purpose homopolymer molding and extrusion PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.104. Dielectric constant vs. frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

Figure 9.105. Dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1010—general purpose homopolymer molding and extrusion PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.106. Dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® 11008—general purpose copolymer injection molding PVDF resin.

Figure 9.107. Dissipation factor vs. frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

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Figure 9.108. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1010—general purpose homopolymer molding and extrusion PVDF resin.

Figure 9.109. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for Solvay Solexis Solef® 11008—general purpose copolymer injection molding PVDF resin.

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Figure 9.110. Dielectric strength vs. thickness for Solvay Solexis Solef® 1010—general purpose homopolymer molding and extrusion PVDF resin.

Figure 9.111. Volume resistivity vs. temperature for Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins.

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10 High Temperature Polymers 10.1 Background

10.1.2 Polyethersulfone (PES)

This section contains information and multipoint properties for several high-temperature, highperformance plastics. They might be classified or included in another chapter, but they are grouped in this chapter because of their performance levels.

Polyethersulfone (PES) is an amorphous polymer and a high-temperature engineering thermoplastic. Even though PES has high-temperature performance, it can be processed on conventional plastics processing equipments. Its chemical structure is shown in Fig. 10.2. PES has an outstanding ability to withstand exposure to elevated temperatures in air and water for prolonged periods. Because PES is amorphous, mold shrinkage is low and is suitable for applications requiring close tolerances and little dimensional changes over a wide temperature range. The properties of PES include:

10.1.1 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polyetheretherketones (PEEKs) are also referred to as polyketones. The most common structure is given in Fig. 10.1. PEEK is a thermoplastic with extraordinary mechanical properties. The Young’s modulus of elasticity is 3.6 GPa and its tensile strength is 170 MPa. PEEK is partially crystalline, melts at around 350°C and is highly resistant to thermal degradation. The material is also resistant to both organic and aqueous environments, and is used in bearings, piston parts, pumps, compressor plate valves, and cable insulation applications. It is one of the few plastics compatible with ultra-high vacuum applications. In summary, the properties of PEEK include: • Outstanding chemical resistance • Outstanding wear resistance • Outstanding resistance to hydrolysis • Excellent mechanical properties • Outstanding thermal properties • Very good dielectric strength, volume resistivity, and tracking resistance • Excellent radiation resistance

• Excellent thermal resistance—Tg 224°C • Outstanding mechanical, electrical, flame, and chemical resistance • Very good hydrolytic and sterilization resistance • Good optical clarity • Processed by all conventional techniques

10.1.3 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a semicrystalline material. It offers an excellent balance of properties, including high temperature resistance, chemical resistance, flowability, dimensional stability, and electrical characteristics. PPS must be filled with fibers and fillers to overcome its inherent brittleness. Because of its low viscosity, PPS can be molded with high loadings of fillers and reinforcements. Due to its outstanding flame resistance, PPS is ideal for high-temperature

Figure 10.1. The structure of PEEK.

503

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electrical applications. It is unaffected by all industrial solvents. The structure of PPS is shown in Fig. 10.3. The properties of PPS include: • Continuous use temperature of 220°C • Excellent dimensional properties • Transparent • Improved impact strength and toughness as compared to PES • Excellent hydrolytic stability • High stress cracking resistance • Good chemical resistance • Good surface release properties • Expected continuous temperature of 180°C

10.1.4 Polysulfone (PSU) Polysulfone (PSU) is a rigid, strong, tough, and high-temperature amorphous thermoplastic. The structure of PSU is shown in Fig. 10.4. In summary, the properties of PSU include: • High thermal stability • High toughness and strength • Good environmental stress crack resistance • Inherent fire resistance • Transparence

Figure 10.2. The structure of PES.

10.1.5 Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a unique and highly stable linear heterocyclic polymer. The chemical structure is shown in Fig. 10.5. PBI exhibits excellent thermal stability, resistance to chemicals, acid and base hydrolysis, and temperature resistance. PBI can withstand temperatures as high as 430°C, and in short bursts, to 760°C. PBI does not burn and maintains its properties as low as −196°C. Ideally suited for its application in extreme environments, PBI can be formed into stock shapes and subsequently machined into high-precision finished parts. Since PBI does not have a melt point, moldings from virgin PBI polymer can only be formed in a high temperature, high pressure compression molding process. PBI is highly resistant to deformation, and has low hysterisis loss and high elastic recovery. PBI exhibits ductile failure, and may be compressed to over 50% strain without fracture. Celazole® PBI has the highest compressive strength of any thermoplastic or thermosetting resin at 400 MPa. There is no weight loss or change in compressive strength of Celazole® PBI exposed to 260°C in air for 500 h. At 371°C, no weight or strength change takes place for 100 h. In spite of these unusual properties, PBI is usually blended with other plastics, particularly polyesters. Graphs showing the properties of these high performance plastics as a function of temperature, moisture, and other factors are illustrated in Sections 10.5–10.2

Figure 10.3. The structure of PPS.

Figure 10.4. The structure of PSU.

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Figure 10.5. The structure of PBI.

10.2 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

Figure 10.6. Stress vs. strain at 23°C of various Victrex® PEEK resins.

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Figure 10.7. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Greene, Tweed Arlon® PEEK resins.

Figure 10.8. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of various Victrex® PEEK resins.

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Figure 10.9. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Victrex® PEEK resins, comparing a polybenzimidazole/PEEK blend to PEEK resin.

Figure 10.10. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of different fiber-filled Victrex® PEEK resins.

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Figure 10.11. Dynamic shear modulus vs. temperature of Solvay KetaSpire® and AviSpire® PEEK resins.

Figure 10.12. Dynamic shear modulus vs. temperature of Solvay KetaSpire® and AviSpire® 30% glass fiber reinforced PEEK resins.

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Figure 10.13. Flexural strength vs. temperature of different fiber-filled Victrex® PEEK resins.

Figure 10.14. Shear strength vs. temperature of Greene, Tweed Arlon® 1000—unreinforced, general purpose PEEK resin.

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Figure 10.15. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Greene, Tweed Arlon® 1000—unreinforced, general purpose PEEK resin.

Figure 10.16. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Victrex® PEEK resins.

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Figure 10.17. Yield stress vs. temperature of Victrex® PEEK resins.

Figure 10.18. Falling weight impact failure energy vs. temperature of Victrex® PEEK resins.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.19. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of Victrex® 450G—unreinforced PEEK resin.

Figure 10.20. Volume resistivity vs. temperature of Victrex® 450G—unreinforced PEEK resin.

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10.3 Polyether Sulfone (PES)

Figure 10.21. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® E 1010—low viscosity, unreinforced PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 10.22. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® E 2010 G4—medium viscosity, 20% glass fiber reinforced PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.23. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® E 2010 G6—medium viscosity, 30% glass fiber reinforced PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 10.24. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity, unreinforced PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 10.25. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® E 3010—high viscosity, unreinforced PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

Figure 10.26. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® PES resins.

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Figure 10.27. Shear modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity PES resin (dry as molded).

Figure 10.28. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity PES resin (conditioned at 50% RH).

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Figure 10.29. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity PES resin (dry as molded).

Figure 10.30. Young’s modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity PES resin.

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Figure 10.31. Tensile strength vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity PES resin.

Figure 10.32. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Solvay Radel® A PES resins with different amounts of glass fiber filler.

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Figure 10.33. Charpy impact strength vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® E 2010 G4—medium viscosity, 20% glass fiber reinforced PES resin.

Figure 10.34. Charpy impact strength vs. temperature of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® 4800G—high viscosity, general purpose PES resin.

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Figure 10.35. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for SF Ultrason® E 1010—low viscosity, unreinforced PES resin.

Figure 10.36. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® PES resin.

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521

Figure 10.37. Dissipation factor vs. frequency of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® 4800G—high viscosity, general purpose PES resin.

Figure 10.38. Dissipation factor vs. temperature of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® 4800G—high viscosity, general purpose PES resin.

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Figure 10.39. Dissipation factor vs. temperature at 1 kHz of BASF Ultrason® E 2010—medium viscosity, unreinforced PES resin.

Figure 10.40. Volume resistivity vs. temperature of Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® 4800G—high viscosity, general purpose PES resin.

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523

10.4 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)

Figure 10.41. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® BR42B—40% glass fiber filled, low friction PPS resin.

Figure 10.42. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® BR111—40% glass/mineral filled PPS resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.43. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Ticona Fortron® 1140L4—40% glass fiber filled, medium melt viscosity PPS resin.

Figure 10.44. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-4-200BL—40% glass fiber filled, high strength PPS resin.

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Figure 10.45. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-4-230NA—40% glass fiber filled, high flow PPS resin.

Figure 10.46. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-7-120BL—65% glass fiber/mineral filled, arc resistant PPS resin.

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Figure 10.47. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-10-110BL—65% glass fiber/mineral filled, lower cost PPS resin.

Figure 10.48. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Ticona Fortron® glass fiber filled PPS resins.

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Figure 10.49. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® PPS resins.

Figure 10.50. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® A504—40% glass fiber filled, standard grade PPS resin.

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.51. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of Ticona Fortron® filled PPS resins.

Figure 10.52. Flexural strength vs. temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® PPS resins.

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Figure 10.53. Flexural strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® PPS resins.

Figure 10.54. Shear strength vs. temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® PPS resins.

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530

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.55. Shear strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® A504—40% glass fiber filled, standard grade PPS resin.

Figure 10.56. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® PPS resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

531

Figure 10.57. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® PPS resins.

Figure 10.58. Compressive strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® A504—40% glass fiber filled, standard grade PPS resin.

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532

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.59. Notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® PPS resins.

Figure 10.60. Unnotched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of Toray Resin Company Torelina® PPS resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

533

Figure 10.61. Izod impact strength vs. low temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-4—40% glass fiber filled, high strength PPS resin.

Figure 10.62. Izod impact strength vs. high temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-4—40% glass fiber filled, high strength PPS resin.

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534

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.63. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-4— 40% glass fiber filled, high strength PPS resin.

Figure 10.64. Dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-7— 65% glass fiber/mineral filled PPS resin.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

535

Figure 10.65. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of Ticona Fortron® 1140L4—40% glass fiber filled, medium melt viscosity PPS resin.

Figure 10.66. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of Ticona Fortron® 6160B4—60% glass fiber/mineral filled PPS resin.

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536

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.67. Dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of Ticona Fortron® 6165A4—65% glass fiber/mineral filled, low melt viscosity PPS resin.

Figure 10.68. Volume resistivity vs. temperature of Ticona Fortron® 1140L4—40% glass fiber filled, medium melt viscosity PPS resin.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

537

10.5 Polysulfone (PSU)

Figure 10.69. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® GF-130—30% glass fiber reinforced PSU resin.

Figure 10.70. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® P-1700— unreinforced, mid-viscosity PSU resin.

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538

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.71. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® S 2010 G4—20% glass reinforced, medium viscosity PSU resin.

Figure 10.72. Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of BASF Ultrason® S 2010—unreinforced, medium viscosity PSU resin.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

539

Figure 10.73. Compressive modulus vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.74. Flexural modulus vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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540

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.75. Flexural modulus vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.76. Shear modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® S PSU resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

541

Figure 10.77. Tensile modulus vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.78. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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542

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.79. Tensile modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® S PSU resins.

Figure 10.80. Young’s modulus vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® S PSU resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

543

Figure 10.81. Compressive strength vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.82. Flexural strength vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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544

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.83. Flexural strength vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.84. Tensile strength vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

545

Figure 10.85. Tensile strength vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® S PSU resins.

Figure 10.86. Tensile strength vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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546

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.87. Charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature of BASF Ultrason® S 2010 PSU resins.

Figure 10.88. Rockwell hardness vs. glass fiber content of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

547

Figure 10.89. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.90. Specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) of BASF Ultrason® S 2010— unreinforced, medium viscosity PSU resin.

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548

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.91. Coefficient of thermal expansion (crossflow direction) vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.92. Coefficient of thermal expansion (flow direction) vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

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10: High Temperature Polymers

549

Figure 10.93. Specific heat vs. temperature of Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins.

Figure 10.94. Dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency of Ultrason® S 2010—unreinforced, medium viscosity PSU resin.

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550

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Figure 10.95. Dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of Ultrason® S 2010—unreinforced, medium viscosity PSU resin.

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11 Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 11.1 Background

• ISO 527-1:1993, Plastics—Determination of tensile properties—Part 1: General principles.

This chapter contains data in tabular form. This data is described in the standard ISO 10350-1:1998, which is titled: “Plastics – Acquisition and presentation of comparable single-point data – Part 1: Molding materials.” Standard ISO 10350 identifies specific test procedures for the acquisition and presentation of comparable data for many basic properties of plastics. The properties included are often in the manufacturers’ data sheets. In fact many manufacturers, particularly those based in Europe, provide an ISO 10350 Technical Data Sheet, along with a generalized technical data sheet that contains a mixture of ISO and ASTM data. All the data on ISO 10350 are defined by ISO standards rather than ASTM standards. Part 1 applies to unreinforced and reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, which is the subject of this book. The tables in this section follow one or more of the following standards:

• ISO 527-2:1993, Plastics—Determination of tensile properties—Part 2: Test conditions for molding and extrusion plastics.

• ISO 62, Plastics—Determination of water absorption. • ISO 179-1, Plastics—Determination of Charpy impact properties—Part 1: Noninstrumented impact test. • ISO 179-2:1997, Plastics—Determination of Charpy impact properties—Part 2: Instrumented impact test. • ISO 291:1997, Plastics—Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. • ISO 293:1986, Plastics—Compression molding test specimens of thermoplastic materials. • ISO 294-1:1996, Plastics—Injection molding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials— Part 1: General principles and molding of multipurpose and bar test specimens. • ISO 294-3:1996, Plastics—Injection molding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials— Part 3: Small plates. • ISO 295:1991, Plastics—Compression molding of test specimens of thermosetting materials.

• ISO 2818:1994, Plastics—Preparation of test specimens by machining. • ISO 3167:1993, Plastics—Multipurpose test specimens. • ISO 10724-1:1998, Plastics—Injection molding of test specimens of thermosetting materials—Part 1: General principles and molding of multipurpose test specimens. • ISO 10724-2:1998, Plastics—Injection molding of test specimens of thermosetting materials— Part 2: Small plates. • ISO 11359-2, Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature. • IEC 60250:1969, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequencies including meter wavelengths. While similar ASTM standard based data may be available, these tables do not include it. Materials without ISO measurements are not included in these tables. The tables are grouped in Sections 11.2–11.10 in the same manner as in the earlier chapters of this book. These tables contain several notations besides numerical data. These are: *

Inapplicable property or a property not relevant to this material.

–

Missing value, not applicable.

N

No break in a Charpy Impact Test.

P

Partial break.

The descriptions of the plastics are structured in two parts. The first part is the base polymers that are 551

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552

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

abbreviated as in Table 11.1.1. The fillers are listed next, and they are listed or abbreviated as those shown in Table 11.1.2, and are followed by a number indicating weight percent. Occasionally, the

manufacturer only gives a combined weight, and in these cases the fillers are grouped in parentheses followed by the combined weight percent.

Table 11.1.1 Base Polymers Abbreviations Abbreviation

Description

E/P

Ethylene–propylene

EVAC

Ethylene-vinyl acetate

MBS

Methacrylate-butadiene–styrene

ABS

Acrylonitrile-butadiene–styrene

ASA

Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate

C

Cellulose polymers

COC

Cycloolefin copolymer

EP

Epoxide; epoxy

HDPE

High density polyethylene

Imod

Impact modifier

LCP

Liquid crystalline polymer

MABS

Methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

MF

Melamine-formaldehyde

MPF

Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde

PA11

Polyamide 11

PA12

Polyamide 12

PA12/MACMI

Copolyamide based on omega-aminododecanoic acid (laurolactame) and 3,3′-dimethyl – 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and isophthalic acid

PA46

Polyamide 46

PA6

Polyamide 6

PA6/6T

Copolyamide based on e-caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine and terephthalic acid

PA610

Polyamide 610

PA612

Polyamide 612

PA66

Polyamide 66

PA66/6T

Copolyamide 66/6T

PA666

Copolyamide 666

PA6I/6T

Copolyamide based on hexamethylenediamine, isophthalic and terephthalic acid

PA6T/66

Copolyamide based on hexamethylenediamine, terephthalic acid and adipic acid

PA6T/6I

Copolyamide based on hexamethylenediamine, terephthalic and isophthalic acid

PA6T/XT

Polyamide 6=hexamethylene diamine t=terephtalic acid x=different co-monomers t=terephtalic acid

PAEK

Polyaryletherketone

PAI

Polyamideimide

PAIND/INDT

Polyamide NDT/INDT

PAMACM12

Homopolyamide based on 3,3′-dimethyl – 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and dodecandioic acid

PAMXD6

Poly-m-xylyleneadipamide (Continued)

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11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties

553

Table 11.1.1 Base Polymers Abbreviations (cont’d) Abbreviation

Description

PAPACM12

Homopolyamide based on bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane and dodecandioic acid

PBI

Polybenzimidazole

PBT

Poly(butylene terephthalate)

PC

Polycarbonate

PCCE

Poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate), glycol and acid comonomer

PCTA

Poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene terephtalate), acid

PCTG

Poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene terephtalate), glycol

PE

Polyethylene

PEEK

Polyetheretherketone

PEI

Polyetherimide

PEN

Polyethylenenaphthalate

PES

Polyethersulfone

PET

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

PETG

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), glycol

PF

Phenol – formaldehyde

PI

Polyimide

PK

Polyketone

PMMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PMMI

Polymethylmethyacrylimide

POM

Poly(oxymethylene); polyformaldehyde

PP

Polypropylene

PPE

Poly(phenylene ether)

PPS

Poly(phenylene sulfide)

PPSU

Poly(phenylene sulfone)

PS

Polystyrene

PS-SY

Syndiotactic polystyrene

PSU

Polysulfone

PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PUR

Polyurethane

PVC

Poly(vinyl chloride)

PVDF

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

SAN

Styrene acrylonitrile

SB

Styrene-butadiene

SMAH

Styrene-maleic anhydride

TEEE

Thermoplastic elastomer, ether-ester

TPA

Polyamide thermoplastic elastomer

TPC

Copolyester thermoplastic elastomer

TPO

Olefinic thermoplastic elastomer

TPS

Styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (Continued)

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The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Table 11.1.1 Base Polymers Abbreviations (cont’d) TPU

Urethane thermoplastic elastomer

TPV

Thermoplastic rubber vulcanisate

TPZ

Unclassified thermoplastic elastomer, not grouped above

UHMWPE

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

UP

Unsaturated polyester

Table 11.1.2 Filler Abbreviations Abbreviation

Description

CF

Carbon fiber

CD

Carbon fines, powder

GF

Glass fiber

GB

Glass beads, spheres, balls

GD

Glass fines, powder

GX

Glass not specified

K

Calcium carbonate

MD

Unspecified mineral

MeF

Metal fiber

MeD

Metal fines, powder

MiF

Mineral fiber

MiD

Mineral fines, powder

MiX

Mineral not specified

Moly

Molybdenum disulfide

NF

Natural organic fiber

P

Mica

Q

Silica

RF

Aramid fiber

T

Talcum, talc

X

Not specified

Z

Others not included in this list

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 554

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Mckeen_Ch11.indd 555

Description

PS PS PS PS PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I + PE

Edistir N 1910

Edistir N 2380

Edistir N 2560

Edistir N 2982

Edistir R 321P

Edistir R 540E

Edistir R 850E

Edistir RC 3

Edistir RC 600

Edistir RCL 600

Edistir RK

Edistir RK 451G

Edistir RK 5512G

Edistir RKL

Edistir RT 441M

Edistir RT 461F

Edistir SR 550

Koblend P 475E

1600

1900

2000

1900

1900

2100

1950

1900

1950

1950

2000

1800

2000

2400

3200

3200

3300

3200

25

18.5

30

22

24

23

21

24

29

29

29

22

24

24

*

*

*

*

2.7

1.2

1.6

1.2

1.7

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

26

43

47

37

37

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

1

1.5

2

1.2

1.3

N

N

120

120

70

70

70

70

50

50

130

N

N

80

6

7

8

6.5

6.5

6.5

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

Strain at Break (%) 1.4

–

–

–

80

60

–

–

60

15

15

–

–

–

70

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

Stress at Break (MPa) 44

–

8.5

8

9

6.5

7

7

6.5

7

7

10

10

9

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3200

Yield at Strain (%) *

–

–

–

4

4

–

–

4

2

2

–

–

–

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PS

Yield Stress (MPa) *

–

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Edistir N 1840

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 3200

–

3

3

3

4

6

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PS

(Continued )

–

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

Water Absorption (%)

Edistir N 1782

Polystyrene/Polimeri Europa

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 555

12/11/2007 6:21:02 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 556

PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS

Styron 6335

Styron 634

Styron 637

Styron 648

Styron 660

Styron 678E

Styron 686E

Styron A-TECH 1120

Styron A-TECH 1175

Styron A-TECH 1200

Styron A-TECH 1400 PS-SY, GB10, MD10 PS-SY, GF10 PS-SY, GF10 PS-SY, GF10, MD10

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GB-10MN/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF-10MN/000

Polystyrene/PolyOne

PS

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

PS

6200

5800

5580

4650

2000

1750

1650

2000

3650

3300

3350

3400

3300

3350

2000

2000

2100

Yield Stress (MPa)

Styron 485

–

–

–

–

20

19

16

25

55

42

46

56

48

51

26

20

30

Yield at Strain (%)

Styron 457

–

–

–

–

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

3

2

2

3

2

3

2

1

2

Stress at Break (MPa)

Polystyrene/DOW

65

60

63

38

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) 1.1

1.7

1.1

1.2

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

12

13

7.3

6

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

2

1

2

–

10

12

11

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

11

7

10

29

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3.1

–

–

–

–

6

8

–

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

5

6

11

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

–

2.5

2.5

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

1200

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

–

0.4

0.4

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PS-I + PE

Description

–

–

–

–

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

–

Water Absorption (%)

Koblend P 477E

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

556 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:02 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 557

PS-SY, GB20 PS-SY, GF20 PS-SY, GF22 PS-SY, MD22 PS-SY, GF25 PS-SY, GB30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF40

Edgetek sPS® QT-20GB/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-20GF/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-22GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-22MN/000 HI

Edgetek sPS® QT-25GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GB/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR HC

Edgetek sPS® QT-40GF/000 ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA

Luran® S 757 G

Luran® S 757 R

Luran® S 776 S

Luran® S 776 SE

Luran® S 777 K

Luran® S 778 T

Luran® S 778 TE

Luran® S 796 M

Luran® S 797 S

ASA/BASF

PS-SY, GF10, GB10

Edgetek sPS® QT-15GF-15GB/000

2000

2000

2500

2500

2300

2200

2200

2600

2400

12500

10500

10300

10200

4550

8000

4850

7000

7800

4000

7950

42

41

54

54

48

47

47

56

51

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

140

120

104

123

38

90

44

95

80

37

85

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.5

1.1

1

1.4

250

250

250

250

250

270

270

200

190

36

35

20

30

6

22

10

35

28

–

22

180

150

90

90

90

150

150

70

80

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

40

30

15

15

17

30

30

12

12

7

9

4.5

6

–

6

1

8

5

–

5

9

5

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

260

250

330

330

240

340

340

250

250

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 557

12/11/2007 6:21:03 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 558

ASA ASA ASA

Polyman® (ASA) E 1007 H

Polyman® (ASA) E/ M11010

Polyman® (ASA) M/MI 2010

SAN

Lustran SAN® 35

SAN SAN, GF25

Polyman® (SAN) 29/10

Polyman® FSAN 35 GF SAN SAN SAN

Luran® 358 N

Luran® 358 N Crystal Clear

Luran® 368 R

SAN/BASF

SAN

Polyman® (SAN) 24/5

SAN/A. Schulman

SAN

Lustran SAN® 32

SAN/Lanxess

ASA

Polyman® (ASA) E 1006

ASA/A. Schulman

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

ASA

3700

3700

3700

11000

3700

3700

3700

3700

2200

2200

2400

2400

2500

6600

Yield Stress (MPa)

ASA, GF15

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

46

46

53

53

55

Yield at Strain (%)

Luran® S KR 2859

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

4.0

3.5

3

3

3.2

Stress at Break (MPa)

Luran® S KR 2858 G3

75

72

72

100

70

70

80

70

*

*

*

*

*

110

Strain at Break (%) 3

3

3

1.7

3

3

2

2

*

*

*

*

*

2.5

18

16

16

15

1

12

20

16

–

–

–

–

160

28

250

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

18

16

16

–

–

–

20

16

–

–

–

–

80

17

180

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

2

2

2

3.6

3

3

–

–

10

11

7

11

11

7

40

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3.5

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

6

9

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

42

2.7

2.7

2.7

–

2.8

2.8

3

2.9

3

3

3

3

–

–

3.3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2000

70

70

70

–

70

70

60

70

90

90

90

90

–

–

260

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ASA

Description

–

–

–

0.1

0.2

0.2

–

–

1.20

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.65

1.42

1.65

Water Absorption (%)

Luran® S 797 SE

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

558 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:03 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 559

SAN SAN, GF35 SAN SAN SAN

Luran® 378 P

Luran® 378 P G7

Luran® 388 S

Luran® KR 2556

Luran® KR 2636

SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

Kostil B 266(1)

Kostil B 361 R11

Kostil B 365(0)

Kostil B 366(1)

Kostil B 361 R42

Kostil C 266(1)

Kostil PD C 166

SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

Tyril 125

Tyril 790

Tyril 867 EUV

Tyril 867E

Tyril 880

Tyril 880B

Tyril 905

Tyril 905 UV

Tyril 990 ABS ABS

Magnum 1040

Magnum 2620

ABS/DOW

SAN

Tyril 100

SAN/DOW

SAN

Kostil B 265(0)

SAN/Polimeri Europa

SAN

Luran® 368 R Crystal Clear

2300

1900

3400

3350

3350

3500

3700

3700

3700

3800

3500

3440

3600

3500

3200

3450

3450

3350

3450

3450

3600

3900

3800

12000

3800

3700

48

42

*

65

65

*

*

72

72

76

*

*

*

*

51

*

*

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

2.5

2.8

*

2.5

2.5

*

*

2.6

2.6

2.6

*

*

*

*

3

*

*

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

63

*

*

84

77

*

*

*

56

71

70

70

*

65

65

*

67

67

70

79

79

110

75

75

*

*

2

*

*

2.5

2.6

*

*

*

1.6

2.4

3

3

*

2.2

2.2

*

2.5

2.5

2.5

5

3

2

3.5

3

N

N

10

16

16

20

20

17

17

17

10

6

19

18

24

14

14

18

16

16

14

20

21

17

19

18

80

N

10

17

17

20

20

18

18

18

10

2

19

18

21

14

14

18

16

16

14

21

19

17

19

18

24

63

2

–

–

2

2

–

–

–

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.5

2

2.5

4

2

2

8

16

2

–

–

2

2

–

–

–

1

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

3

3

–

–

3

3

2.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.8

2.7

2.8

3.2

2.7

2.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

70

70

80

100

80

70

(Continued )

–

–

–

0.2

0.2

–

–

0.1

0.1

0.1

–

–

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 559

12/11/2007 6:21:03 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 560

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

Magnum 3504

Magnum 3513

Magnum 3525

Magnum 357HP

Magnum 358HP

Magnum 3616

Magnum 3904

Magnum 3904 “Smooth”

ABS

Magnum 344HP

Magnum 3490

ABS

Magnum 344CC

ABS

ABS

Magnum 342EZ

Magnum 348

2280

ABS

Magnum 3416SC

ABS

ABS

Magnum 3404 “Smooth”

ABS

ABS

Magnum 3404

Magnum 3453

ABS

Magnum 3325MT

Magnum 347EZ

2000

ABS

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Magnum 275

1820

1900

2200

2380

2100

2080

2600

2120

2200

1800

1890

2030

1800

2280

2150

2150

2080

2000

Yield Stress (MPa)

2100

37

35

38

–

40

–

47

42

49

37

34

45

44

–

37

40

43

43

–

44

41

Yield at Strain (%)

ABS

2.6

2.5

3

–

2.3

–

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.5

–

2.3

2.4

2.7

2.5

–

2.6

2.1

Stress at Break (MPa)

Magnum 2642

*

*

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

140

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

N

N

N

60

80

N

N

N

80

N

90

N

N

86

N

N

N

N

N

N

100

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

37

38

25

18

16

18

22

22

17

16

8

19

20

15

16

18

13

16

18

22

13

32

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2.4

18

16

10

7

7

10

11

11

5

8

5

10

7

7

8

9

9

9

10

9

7

15

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

44

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.7

2.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.8

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2000

–

–

–

–

–

–

80

70

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ABS

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.7

0.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.5

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Magnum 2630

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

560 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:03 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 561

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

Magnum 541

Magnum 545

Magnum 555

Magnum 8391

Magnum 8434

Magnum 9010

Magnum 9020

Magnum 9030

Magnum 941

Magnum 9555

Magnum 9575

Magnum AG 700

Magnum FG 960

Magnum HPC 952

Magnum PG 914

ABS ABS ABS, GF15 ABS ABS, GB30 ABS ABS ABS

Polyflam® RABS 90000 UV5

Polyflam® RABS 90000 UV6

Polyflam® RABS 92000 UV5

Polyman® (ABS) E/HI

Polyman® (ABS) FABS 30 GB

Polyman® (ABS) HH

Polyman® (ABS) HH 2

Polyman® (ABS) HH 3

ABS/A. Schulman

ABS

Magnum 5200

1800

1800

1900

2800

1500

2350

2500

2200

2000

2100

2000

2000

2350

2400

1900

2000

2300

2300

2200

2400

2200

2200

2200

1980

53

51

49

35

40

*

40

42

44

45

44

33

42

50

42

44

48

50

–

–

47

45

45

35

2.8

2.7

2.7

1.8

2.5

*

2.1

3

2.6

2.6

2.6

1.8

2.6

2.3

2.8

2.4

2.5

2.4

–

–

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

*

*

*

*

*

42

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

2.2

*

“

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

50

60

65

–

N

45

N

80

N

N

N

N

140

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

140

–

–

–

–

N

13

56

45

N

N

N

N

60

N

N

N

80

90

N

N

N

100

100

60

6

10

12

5

34

5.5

10

10

22

44

22

16

22

29

63

32

24

19

–

18

40

24

24

15

2

6

7

–

19

3.6

5

5

9

18

9

7

8

9

16

15

8

6

–

9

12

9

9

6

3

–

–

–

3

–

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

90

–

–

–

90

–

7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

1.2

–

–

–

1.2

0.8

1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 561

12/11/2007 6:21:04 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 562

2100 2200 2300

2500 2500 2300

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

ABS ABS ABS

ABS ABS, GF20

Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-A

Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-G

Polyman® (ABS) M/MI-A 40

Polyman® (ABS) M/MI-A K1452

Polyman® (ABS) M/SHI

Polyman® (ABS) M/TK

Polyman® (ABS) M/TK-A ABS ABS

Polyman® (ABS) M/AQ

Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-W ABS ABS

Polyman® (ABS) LC 185 A

Polyman® (ABS) M/TKHH

Polyman® (ABS) NWB/ HI

Polyman® FABS 20 GF

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Polyman® (ABS) LC 165

5500

1900

2200

2300

2200

2300

2500

2200

Yield Stress (MPa)

2200

*

42

48

52

52

45

50

41

50

45

48

45

45

43

45

Yield at Strain (%)

ABS

*

3

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.5

3

2.5

2.1

2.8

2.3

3

3

Stress at Break (MPa)

Polyman® (ABS) LC 145

65

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) 2

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

13

N

N

N

N

N

N

70

85

N

N

N

N

N

N

70

Charpy Impact 23° (kJ/m2)

*

18

–

–

80

80

93

75

–

71

–

71

–

N

N

N

27

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

6

27

7

15

15

27

16

15

20

15

20

20

16

21

15

11

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2.8

4

–

–

7

7

11

7

–

11

–

9

7

8

10

8

6

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

49

3

3

3

3

–

3

3

–

3

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2300

–

90

90

90

–

90

90

–

90

–

90

90

90

90

90

90

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ABS

Description

–

1.2

1.2

1.2

–

1.2

1.2

–

1.2

–

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

Water Absorption (%)

Polyman® (ABS) HH 3 D

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

562 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:04 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 563

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS, GF16

Lustran ABS® H604

Lustran ABS® H605

Lustran ABS® H606LS

Lustran ABS® H607AS

Lustran ABS® H701

Lustran ABS® H702

Lustran ABS® H802

Lustran ABS® H950

Lustran ABS® M201AS

Lustran ABS® M202AS

Lustran ABS® M203FC

Lustran ABS® M301AS

Lustran ABS® M301FC

Lustran ABS® M305

Novodur® P2H-AT

Novodur® P2HE

Novodur® P2HGV

SBC SBC SBC

Styrolux® 3G 55

Styrolux® 656 C

Styrolux® 684 D

2800

Polyflam® RMMB 40300

ABS+PC

2500

1500

1800

900

1550

5500

2500

2500

2300

2100

2100

2400

2300

2400

2600

2700

2500

2150

2400

2550

2400

2400

1900

2100

Polyflam® (ABS/PA) RMMK 125

Styrenic Blends/A. Schulman

SBC

Styrolux® 3G 46

SBC/BASF

ABS

Lustran ABS® E401

ABS/Lanxess

Polyman®+A208 (ABS) NWB/MI

63

52

26

35

15

27

74

44

44

45

42

42

46

44

47

50

51

46

41

46

48

47

45

40

47

4

3

2

2

2

2

2

2.4

2.1

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.5

3

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

25

N

N

18

160

100

150

170

170

110

100

140

140

100

100

180

130

100

90

180

210

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

20

90

80

110

120

120

90

80

80

90

80

90

120

90

80

80

110

170

–

18

12

4

2

85

3

6

19

16

21

21

21

15

16

19

16

15

16

24

19

18

17

20

30

16

1

9

–

–

–

2

5

11

7

11

12

12

7

8

10

7

7

8

13

9

9

7

11

16

–

–

–

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

2.9

3

3

2.9

3

2.9

3

3

2.9

2.9

3

–

–

8

8

8

–

60

80

90

80

90

90

90

80

90

100

100

90

90

90

100

80

90

90

90

(Continued )

–

–

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.2

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 563

12/11/2007 6:21:04 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 564

ABS+PC ABS+PA6 ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+ASA ABS+ASA ABS+PA6, GF20

Polyflam® RMMB 60500

Schulablend® (ABS/PA) M/MK

Schulablend® (PC/ABS) M/MB 3

Schulablend® (PC/ABS) M/MB 5

Schulablend® (PC/ABS) M/MB 6

Schulablend® (PC/ASA) WR 5

Schulablend® (PC/ASA) WR 5 UV

Schulablend® ABS/PA) M/MK 20GF ASA+PC ASA+PC ASA+PC

Luran® S KR 2861/1 C

Luran® S KR 2863 C

Luran® S KR 2864 C

Styrenic Blends/BASF

ABS+PC

Polyflam® RMMB 60300

2600

2500

2300

4900

1900

2400

2300

2200

2300

1800

2400

2200

2600

ABS+PC

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Polyflam® RMMB 4070 HF

Yield Stress (MPa) 63

62

53

*

44

55

55

52

49

44

48

40

60

60

Yield at Strain (%)

2400

4.6

4.9

4.9

*

4

4.5

5

4

4

3

4

3

4

5.4

Stress at Break (MPa)

Polyflam® RMMB 4070 F ABS+PC FR 4

*

*

*

77

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

4.5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

36

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

86

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

70

60

60

9

37

3

50

45

39

72

16

10

13

40

22

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

4.5

11

17

20

–

20

–

43

–

17

32

9

–

–

17

14

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

60

3

3

3.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2600

120

100

150

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ABS+PC

Description

0.6

0.6

0.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Polyflam® RMMB 4070

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

564 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:04 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 565

3200 4100 5400 6500 7500

1900 2200 1600 2000 1600

ABS+PA6, GF8 ABS+PA6, GF8 ABS+PA6, GF20 ABS+PA6, GF20 ABS+PA6, GF30 ABS+PA6, GF30 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

ABS+PA6

Terblend® N NG 04 (cond)

Terblend® N NG 04 (dry)

Terblend® N NG-06 (cond)

Terblend® N NG-06 (dry)

Terblend® N NM11(cond)

Terblend® N NM-11(dry)

Terblend® N NM-12 (cond)

Terblend® N NM-19 (cond)

Terblend® N NM-19 (dry) ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Terblend® N NG 02 (dry)

Terblend® N NM-12 (dry) ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Terblend® N NG 02 (cond)

Terblend® N NMX04 (cond)

Terblend® N NMX04 (dry) ABS+PC ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Lustran ABS® H801

Triax® 1120 (cond.)

Triax® 1120 (dry)

Styrenic blends/Lanxess

2400

ASA+PMMA

Luran® S KR 2950

1900

1050

2400

2000

2000

1600

2100

2600

ASA+PC

Luran® S KR 2867 C WU

2600

ASA+PC

Luran® S KR 2866 C

40

30

49

40

32

43

34

50

45

43

34

*

*

*

*

*

*

49

61

60

3.2

13

3

3.5

5.5

3.5

5.5

3.2

5

3.5

5.5

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.6

4

3.4

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

90

80

60

50

45

40

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3

3.5

3.2

3.5

3.5

4

–

*

*

N

N

220

N

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

35

–

30

–

35

–

120

N

N

N

N

160

N

–

N

–

–

–

N

–

30

–

25

–

25

–

54

N

160

74

74

30

65

–

65

–

17

–

65

–

9

–

8

–

8

–

9.5

16

35

16

16

12

20

–

15

–

9

–

15

–

6

–

5

–

3

–

3

9

5

3.6

3.7

3

2.9

3.3

2.9

3.3

2.9

3.3

2.9

3.3

2.9

3.6

2.9

3.6

2.9

3.6

–

3

–

–

–

90

150

550

150

550

150

550

150

550

130

500

130

500

130

500

–

100

–

(Continued )

6

*

–

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

3.4

*

–

*

–

*

–

0.4

0.9

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 565

12/11/2007 6:21:05 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 566

4800

ABS+PA6, GF15 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Triax® 1315 GF (dry)

Triax® DP 3155 (cond.)

Triax® DP 3155 (dry)

Triax® KU2- 3050 (dry)

Triax® KU2-3050 (cond.)

1050

1900

3200

2000

4000

ABS+PA6, GF15

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Triax® 1315 GF (cond.)

Yield Stress (MPa)

1700

30

40

54

38

*

*

39

Yield at Strain (%)

ABS+PA6

13

3.2

3.3

5.3

*

*

3.5

Stress at Break (MPa)

Triax® 1220 S (dry)

*

*

*

*

82

70

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

4

5

*

N

N

100

–

36

36

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

N

N

70

–

36

36

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

74

74

–

–

10

10

72

72

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

13

16

16

–

–

6

6

23

25

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

29

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.8

4

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

950

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ABS+PA6

Description

*

6

4.3

*

3.8

*

6

*

Water Absorption (%)

Triax® 1220 S (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

566 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:05 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 567

POM, RF5 POM POM+Imod POM+Imod POM POM POM POM POM POM, CF POM POM

Delrin® 100KM NC000

Delrin® 100P NC010

Delrin® 100ST NC010

Delrin® 100T NC010

Delrin® 107 NC010

Delrin® 111P NC010

Delrin® 1260 NC010

Delrin® 127UV NC010

Delrin® 150 NC010

Delrin® 300AS BK000

Delrin® 311 DP NC010

Delrin® 460 NC010

Description 2800

3300

9000

3100

3000

2900

3200

3200

1900

1400

2900

2900

64

74

58

72

70

65

72

72

52

43

70

*

9

15

5

23

23

7

20

25

26

30

25

*

–

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

65

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

15

–

200

32

–

–

400

160

210

N

N

N

N

–

N

150

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

27

Strain at Break (%) *

180

–

–

–

350

140

200

350

N

N

350

–

N

100

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

71

Stress at Break (MPa) *

7.1

10

4.5

12

15

6

11

14

25

100

14

4.5

14

9

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3100

Yield at Strain (%) 18

6.4

9

–

11

6

8

11

14

20

11

–

11

7

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

POM

Yield Stress (MPa) 70

3.9

3.8

–

–

3.4

3.8

–

3.8

3.1

3.8

3.7

–

3.7

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Delrin® 100 NC010

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2700

44

–

400

50

60

43

43

50

90

–

40

–

50

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

POM, Z

(Continued )

0.75

0.4

3

1.4

1.2

0.7

1

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.4

–

0.9

–

Water Absorption (%)

DeIrin® 100AL NC010

Acetal homopolymer/DuPont

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 567

12/11/2007 6:21:05 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 568

POM POM POM POM+Imod POM, Z

Delrin® 500CL NC010

Delrin® 500MP NC010

Delrin® 500P NC010

Delrin® 500T NC010

Delrin® 500TL NC010

POM, Z POM POM, RF5 POM POM+Imod POM+Imod POM POM POM POM POM POM, CF

DeIrin® 100AL NC010

Delrin® 100 NC010

Delrin® 100KM NC000

Delrin® 100P NC010

Delrin® 100ST NC010

Delrin® 100T NC010

Delrin® 107 NC010

Delrin® 111P NC010

Delrin® 1260 NC010

Delrin® 127UV NC010

Delrin® 150 NC010

Delrin® 300AS BK000

Acetal homopolymer/DuPont

POM, Z

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Delrin® 500AL NC010

9000

3100

3000

2900

3200

3200

1900

1400

2900

2900

3100

2700

2300

2500

3100

3400

3100

3100

Yield Stress (MPa)

2900

58

72

70

65

72

72

52

43

70

*

71

70

71

58

71

70

70

63

50

Yield at Strain (%)

POM, Z20

5

23

23

7

20

25

26

30

25

*

27

18

14

16

14

12

14

11

12

Stress at Break (MPa)

Delrin® 500AF

–

–

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

65

–

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

Strain at Break (%) –

–

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

15

–

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

400

160

210

N

N

N

N

–

N

150

170

N

300

–

350

150

40

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

350

140

200

350

N

N

350

–

N

100

160

340

300

–

290

120

35

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

4.5

12

15

6

11

14

25

100

14

4.5

14

9

5

15

9

5

8

7

3

6

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

9

–

11

6

8

11

14

20

11

–

11

7

4

12

8

5

7

6

3

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

63

–

–

3.4

3.8

–

3.8

3.1

3.8

3.7

–

3.7

–

–

3.6

3.9

–

3.5

–

3.1

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2700

400

50

60

43

43

50

90

–

40

–

50

–

600

160

60

–

60

650

90

700

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

POM

Description

3

1.4

1.2

0.7

1

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.4

–

0.9

–

0.9

0.8

1.4

–

1

6

1

6.8

Water Absorption (%)

Delrin® 460E NC010

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

568 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:05 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 569

POM POM, Z POM

Delrin® 911 P NC010

Delrin® 911AL NC010

Delrin® II100 NC010 POM POM POM POM

Celcon AM90S

Celcon AM90S Plus

Celcon AS270

Celcon C13031 XAS

Acetal copolymer/Ticona

POM

Delrin® 900P NC010

POM, Z20

Delrin® 520MP NC010

POM, GF20

POM

Delrin® 511P NC010

Delrin® 570 NC000

POM, GF10

Delrin® 510GR NC000

POM

POM, Z

Delrin® 500TL NC010

Delrin® 560HD OR729

POM+Imod

Delrin® 500T NC010

POM

POM

Delrin® 500P NC010

Delrin® 560 NC010

POM

Delrin® 500MP NC010

POM

POM

Delrin® 500CL NC010

Delrin® 542CM NC010

POM, Z

Delrin® 500AL NC010

POM, GF25

POM, Z20

Delrin® 500AF

POM

POM

Delrin® 460E NC010

Delrin® 527UV NC010

POM

Delrin® 460 NC010

Delrin® 525GR NC000

POM

Delrin® 311 DP NC010

2710

2750

2500

2500

3100

3200

3400

3200

6000

2950

2900

3100

3100

9500

2800

3400

5500

2300

2500

3100

3400

3100

3100

2900

2700

2800

3300

–

–

–

–

71

70

–

71

*

63

60

72

70

*

54

75

–

71

58

71

70

70

63

50

63

64

74

–

–

–

–

25

9

–

12

*

8

10

16

15

*

16

11

–

14

16

14

12

14

11

12

9

9

15

–

–

–

–

*

*

–

*

59

*

–

–

*

140

–

*

–

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

–

*

12

*

–

–

*

3

–

*

–

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

–

–

N

–

–

200

54

–

–

300

270

55

7

15

48

170

N

300

–

350

150

40

–

200

32

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

200

50

–

160

300

260

66

–

–

60

160

340

300

–

290

120

35

–

180

–

7.5

–

7

7

15

6

7

7

4

6

6.9

8

8

8

4

8

5

5

15

9

5

8

7

3

6

7.1

10

–

–

–

–

12

–

–

6

3

–

6

8

8

8

–

7

5

4

12

8

5

7

6

3

–

6.4

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.8

3.9

–

–

–

3.8

3.8

–

3.8

–

–

3.6

3.9

–

3.5

–

3.1

–

3.9

3.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

50

–

–

–

60

–

–

60

70

600

160

60

–

60

650

90

700

44

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

1.4

0.8

5.8

0.9

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.4

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.8

1.4

–

1

6

1

6.8

0.75

0.4

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 569

12/11/2007 6:21:05 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 570

POM POM POM POM, GB10 POM, GB25 POM, GF10 POM, GF15 POM, GF20 POM, GF25 POM, GF25 POM, GF25 POM, GF10 POM POM POM POM POM POM POM, PTFE POM, PTFE POM, PTFE

Celcon EC–90PLUS

Celcon EF10

Celcon GB10

Celcon GB25

Celcon GC10

Celcon GC15

Celcon GC20

Celcon GC25A

Celcon GC25T

Celcon GC25TF

Celcon GC90UV

Celcon LM25

Celcon LM90

Celcon LM90Z

Celcon LU02

Celcon LW25-S2

Celcon LW90

Celcon LW90-F1

Celcon LW90-F2

Celcon LW90-F4

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Celcon CF802

2600

2650

2800

2500

2350

2530

2700

2750

2490

4170

8720

8630

8600

7300

5950

4750

3700

3100

8470

1880

3100

Yield Stress (MPa)

2450

–

–

–

–

–

56

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

37

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

POM

–

–

–

–

–

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Celcon CF801

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

59

120

129

106

99

91

75

–

–

67

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9

2

3

2

2.2

2.5

3

–

–

2

–

–

–

70

120

5.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

25

30

–

30

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

75

120

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

55

35

40

–

45

–

–

–

–

70

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

4

5

–

–

8.5

3.7

4.7

4.7

5.7

3.7

6.4

8.7

6.4

6

4.9

4.5

2.4

3.5

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.4

6.7

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

4.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

7.2

–

–

–

–

2.2

–

–

–

4.1

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2900

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

POM

Description

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

2.8

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Celcon C13031 XF

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

570 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:06 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 571

2500 8700 8200

POM, Si2 POM, PTFE4, GF25 POM, Si2, GF22 POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM, MD POM, MD POM, MD POM, MD POM POM POM POM

Celcon LW90-S2

Celcon LWGC-F4

Celcon LWGC-S2

Celcon M140

Celcon M140-L1

Celcon M15HP

Celcon M25

Celcon M25UV

Celcon M270™

Celcon M270UV

Celcon M30AE

Celcon M450

Celcon M50

Celcon M90-34

Celcon M90AW

Celcon M90SW

Celcon M90™

Celcon M90UV

Celcon MC270

Celcon MC270-HM

Celcon MC90

Celcon MC90-HM

Celcon MR15HPB

Celcon MR50B

Celcon MR90B

Celcon MT12R01

2900

2800

2600

2900

3570

3010

3750

3150

2610

2760

2600

2430

2560

2500

2890

2420

2800

2820

2480

2460

2800

2630

2740

2590

POM

Celcon LW90GPK

2540

POM, PTFE

Celcon LW90-F5

65

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

94

85

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

1.5

–

–

–

140

110

140

150

–

–

–

–

–

190

110

90

–

–

–

–

–

120

–

250P

280

–

–

–

–

–

–

56

130

110

120

140

–

–

–

–

–

180

90

91

–

–

–

–

–

110

–

190

240

–

–

–

–

–

–

61

6.5

5.1

8.3

10

6.3

6.8

4.8

5.4

6.1

6

5

5

7.4

8.7

4.4

8.5

4.5

5.2

8.5

9.1

10

6.2

6

6

5

6.8

3.9

3.5

6

–

–

9

4.9

–

–

–

–

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

–

–

–

–

4.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.65

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.65

0.65

–

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 571

12/11/2007 6:21:06 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 572

POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM

Celcon MT24U01

Celcon MT2U01

Celcon MT8F01

Celcon MT8F02

Celcon MT8R02

Celcon MT8U01

Celcon TX90

Celcon TX90PLUS

Celcon UV140LG

Celcon UV25Z

Celcon UV270Z

Celcon UV90Z

Celcon WR25Z

Celcon WR9OZ

Hostaform C 13021

Hostaform C 13021 RM

Hostaform C 13031

Hostaform C 13031 K

Hostaform C 2521

Hostaform C 2521 G

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Celcon MT24F01

2100

2600

3100

3050

2900

2900

2660

2620

2700

2700

2460

1950

1700

2150

2850

2700

2500

2600

2600

2900

2600

Yield Stress (MPa)

3100

44

62

64

68

65

65

–

–

64

–

–

41

–

–

64

62

48

58

62

65

–

70

Yield at Strain (%)

POM

12

9

8

8

9

8.5

–

–

9

–

–

10

–

–

9

9

7

9

9

7.5

–

8

Stress at Break (MPa)

Celcon MT12U03

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

220P

–

120

140

150

99

–

100

–

–

–

N

N

180

–

60

–

220

120

80

120

150

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

50

200

–

120

130

140

–

–

–

–

–

–

210

160

160

–

60

–

200

120

–

120

140

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

5

8.5

5

6.7

6.5

6.5

5.5

6.4

6

4.7

8.1

3.1

11

11

6.5

8

4

5.2

8.5

5.5

–

6

6

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

9

4.5

7

5

6

6

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

3

6

–

4

–

7

5.5

–

6

6

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

65

3.8

4

4.2

4

4

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2900

70

50

80

50

50

50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

POM

Description

0.8

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

0.65

0.65

0.65

–

0.2

–

0.65

0.65

–

0.65

0.65

Water Absorption (%)

Celcon MT12U01

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

572 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:06 PM

POM POM POM POM, GB30 POM POM POM POM POM POM, GF10 POM, GF20 POM, GF30 POM, GF40 POM, GB10 POM, GB20 POM, GB30 POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM

Hostaform C 2552

Hostaform C 27021

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 573

Hostaform C 27021 AST

Hostaform C 27021 GV3/30

Hostaform C 52021

Hostaform C 9021

Hostaform C 9021 10/1570

Hostaform C 9021 AW

Hostaform C 9021 G

Hostaform C 9021 GV1/10

Hostaform C 9021 GV1/20

Hostaform C 9021 GV1/30

Hostaform C 9021 GV1/40

Hostaform C 9021 GV3/10

Hostaform C 9021 GV3/20

Hostaform C 9021 GV3/30

Hostaform C 9021 K

Hostaform C 9021 M

Hostaform C 9021 SW

Hostaform C 9021 TF

Hostaform MT12U01

Hostaform MT12U03

Hostaform MT24U01

Hostaform MT8U01

2850

2900

3100

2900

2500

2850

2800

3000

3700

3400

3100

13000

9200

7200

4800

2300

2600

3000

2850

3000

3800

2800

2900

2500

64

65

70

65

48

53

65

60

37

46

52

–

–

–

–

45

58

64

64

65

38

63

65

60

9

7.5

8

9

7

7

9

8

6

6.5

7.5

–

–

–

–

9

8

8

9

7

6

8

7.5

9.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

140

135

120

90

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

2.5

3

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

180

120

120

150

60

90

120

100

40

50

60

20

30

35

40

30

150

110

180P

100

30

120

120

220P

160

120

120

140

60

85

120

100

40

50

60

25

35

40

50

30

130

110

160

100

30

120

120

200

6.5

55

6

6

4

4

6

5

3

3.5

4

9

8

8

6.5

3.5

6

6.5

6.5

5.5

2.5

6

6

9

6

5.5

6

6

4

4

6

5

3

3.5

4

9

8

8

6.5

3

5

6

6

5

3

5.5

4.5

7

–

–

–

–

3.7

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.1

3.8

3.8

*

4

4

4.5

*

4

4

–

–

–

–

80

75

80

60

80

70

60

60

60

60

60

70

50

*

50

50

80

*

50

50

(Continued )

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

–

0.75

0.65

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.85

0.85

0.8

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.9

0.7

0.65

0.65

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 573

12/11/2007 6:21:06 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 574

POM POM POM POM

Hostaform S 27076

Hostaform S 9063

Hostaform S 9064

Hostaform S 9243

POM, GF25 POM POM POM POM

Schulaform® 9 A GF 25

Schulaform® 9 b

Schulaform® 9 d

Schulaform® 9 E HI

Schulaform® 9 f PPE PPE PPE, GF20 PPE PPE, GF20 PPE

Vestoran 1900 nf

Vestoran 1900 sw

Vestoran 1900-GF20 sw

Vestoran X4893 sw

Vestoran X7342 nf

Vestoran X9801 sw

PPE/Degussa

POM

Schulaform® 9 A

Acetal copolymer/A. Schulman

POM

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Hostaform S 27072 WS10/1570

3200

5700

2400

5600

2000

2000

2600

1600

2900

2800

9000

2800

2100

1700

2100

900

2000

Yield Stress (MPa)

1700

*

*

45

*

60

60

61

42

64

63

*

63

44

45

53

–

46

44

Yield at Strain (%)

POM

*

*

3

*

6

6

14

18

8

11

*

13

7

12

9

–

8

10

Stress at Break (MPa)

Hostaform S 27064

63

100

*

110

*

*

*

*

*

*

125

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%) 5

2

*

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

3

*

–

–

–

>50

–

–

45

3

60

26

200

200

N

180

N

N

47

N

N

N

250P

N

150P

150P

140

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

160

N

N

N

200P

300P

220

N

110

110

90

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

12

7

13

8

25

25

8

15

5

6

8

7

14

13

12

12

11

11

9

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.5

–

–

–

–

–

10

8

7

9

8

6

6

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

54

–

3.5

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.9

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

3.8

4.4

4.2

5.3

*

4.4

4.2

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2200

–

17

10

18

16

16

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

60

200

150

250

*

200

150

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

POM

Description

–

–

0.25

0.35

–

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.8

1

0.65

0.65

0.8

0.7

0.65

0.65

Water Absorption (%)

Hostaform S 27063

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

574 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:07 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 575

2600 2400 2400 2400

2400 4000 5700 7800 9500

PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, PTFE5 PPE+PS, PTFE10 PPE+PS, PTFE15 PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, (GF+MD)10 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)20 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)30 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)40 PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, CF

Iupiace AH50

Iupiace AH60

Iupiace AH70

Iupiace AH80

Iupiace AH8P

Iupiace AHF6005

Iupiace AHF6010

Iupiace AHF6015

Iupiace AN60

Iupiace AN70

Iupiace AN80

Iupiace AN90

Iupiace AP4

Iupiace AP6GM2

Iupiace AP6GM4

Iupiace AP6GM6

Iupiace AP6GM8

Iupiace AV60

Iupiace AV70

Iupiace AV90

Iupiace EHM1010A

4100

2600

2600

2600

2700

2700

2700

2700

2700

2500

2500

2500

2500

PPE+PS

Iupiace AH40

2500

PPE+PS

Iupiace AH40

PPE modified/Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics

*

68

66

62

*

*

*

*

49

83

79

75

70

49

51

53

56

70

67

62

55

49

43

*

5.6

5.6

5.6

*

*

*

*

3.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6

5

5

5

3.2

5.5

5.5

5.4

5

5

3.2

64

*

*

*

91

91

80

65

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

2.2

*

*

*

1

3.1

2.7

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

18

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

40

43

45

–

140

150

N

119

155

153

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

9

12

17

5

6

6

7

15

27

8

9

10

6

8

10

7

8

11

18

19

18

17

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.5

3.3

3.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.0048

0.0077

0.0067

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 575

12/11/2007 6:21:07 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 576

4500 6600 8900 8600 8600 8600 4500 5600 6700 9000 4500

PPE+PS, GF10 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, PTFE5 PPE+PS, PTFE10 PPE+PS, PTFE15 PPE+PS, GF10 PPE+PS, GF15 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, GF10

Iupiace GH20

Iupiace GH30

Iupiace GHF3005

Iupiace GHF3010

Iupiace GHF3015

Iupiace GN10

Iupiace GN15

Iupiace GN20

Iupiace GN30

Iupiace GV10

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Iupiace GH10

Yield Stress (MPa)

11000

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PPE+PS, (GF+MD)40

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Iupiace GAV2515

83

110

99

91

83

100

100

96

103

89

75

104

Strain at Break (%) 2.5

1.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.3

1.5

2.6

1.4

33

30

32

34

36

30

30

30

33

31

29

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

98

8

7

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

7

6

6

6

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

3.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.5

3.3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

8700

–

–

0.0045

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.0048

0.0077

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PPE+PS, (GF+MD)30

Description

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

Water Absorption (%)

Iupiace GAV2010

Name and Grade

11.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

576 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:07 PM

5500 6700 8900 6100 11000 8600 6300 7100 2900 8600

PPE+PS, GF15 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)20 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)35 PPE+PA6 PPE+PA6, GF20 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)30 PPE+PS, X PPE+PS, (GF+MD)35

Iupiace GV15

Iupiace GV20

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 577

Iupiace GV30

Iupiace GX1050

Iupiace GX1100

Iupiace NX7000

Iupiace NX7201

Iupiace TGV2010

Iupiace TX403

Iupiace VSG635V

*

51

*

*

68

*

*

*

*

*

*

2.6

*

*

4.1

*

*

*

*

*

74

*

95

97

*

115

75

110

103

90

1.2

*

1.5

2.2

*

3

2.7

1.5

2.5

2.5

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

28

30

32

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

26

5

6

30

5

5

9

7

7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.3

–

–

–

–

–

3.2

–

–

–

0.0077

–

–

–

–

–

0.0027

–

0.06

0.06

0.06

–

–

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 577

12/11/2007 6:21:08 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 578

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF15

Apec® 1695

Apec® 1700

Apec® 1703

Apec® 1705

Apec® 1745

Apec® 1795

Apec® 1800

Apec® 1803

Apec® 1805

Apec® 1895

Apec® 1897

Apec® 2095

Apec® 2097

Apec® DP1-9354

Apec® DP1-9354/1

Apec® DP1-9379

Apec® DP1-9389

Makrolon® 1095

4600

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

–

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

–

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

45

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

100

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

7

Strain at Break (%) –

90

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

65

Stress at Break (MPa) –

–

6

6

8

8

6

6

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

10

10

10

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2300

Yield at Strain (%) 7

–

6

6

8

8

6

6

8

8

8

8

8

9

9

9

9

9

10

10

10

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PC

Yield Stress (MPa) 65

3.2

2.9

2.01

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

3

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Apec® 1605

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2300

85

60

70

84

80

70

70

80

80

100

100

100

80

81

81

81

81

80

87

87

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PC

Description

0.24

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

Water Absorption (%)

Apec® 1600

Polycarbonate/Bayer

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters

578 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:08 PM

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Makrolon® 1239

Makrolon® 1243

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 579

Makrolon® 1260

Makrolon® 1804

Makrolon® 2205

Makrolon® 2207

Makrolon® 2405

Makrolon® 2407

Makrolon® 2458

Makrolon® 2558

Makrolon® 2605

Makrolon® 2607

Makrolon® 2658

Makrolon® 2665

Makrolon® 2667

Makrolon® 2805

Makrolon® 2807

Makrolon® 2858

Makrolon® 2865

Makrolon® 2867

Makrolon® 3103 MAS157

Makrolon® 3105

Makrolon® 3107

Makrolon® 3108

Makrolon® 3158

Makrolon® 6265

Makrolon® 6267

Makrolon® 6455

Makrolon® 6485

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2350

2400

2400

2350

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2400

2300

2400

2350

66

66

65

65

66

65

67

66

65

67

66

66

67

66

67

66

66

67

66

66

65

66

65

66

65

66

63

67

65

6.1

6.1

6

6

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6

6

6

6

6

6.2

5.8

6.2

6.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3.1

3

3

90

90

90

90

90

95

85

90

95

85

90

90

85

90

85

90

90

85

90

90

90

85

90

85

90

95

95

85

90

(Continued )

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 579

12/11/2007 6:21:08 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 580

PC PC

Makrolon® DP11857

Makrolon® DP11870 2400

2400

2400

2300

2350

2400

PC

5900

Makrolon® DP11853

PC, GF20

Makrolon® 9425

3800

PC

PC, GF10

Makrolon® 9415

5800

Makrolon® DP11837

PC, GF20

Makrolon® 9125

9300

PC

PC, GF35

Makrolon® 8345

5800

3800

Makrolon® DP11265

PC, GF20

Makrolon® 8325

PC

PC, GF10

Makrolon® 8315

5000

Makrolon® AL2647

PC, GF30

Makrolon® 8035

4000

2400

2400

PC, GF20

Makrolon® 8025

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

PC

PC

Makrolon® 6557

Yield Stress (MPa) 66

65

67

58

64

67

66

67

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

67

66

Yield at Strain (%)

2400

6

6

6.3

6

5.9

6.1

6

6.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.1

6.1

Stress at Break (MPa)

Makrolon® AL2447

PC

Makrolon® 6555

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

90

45

85

110

90

45

55

55

–

–

Strain at Break (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

14

2.5

2

3.5

10

4

5

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

45P

100

40P

45P

60P

100

45P

50P

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

50P

100

45P

50P

65P

100

50P

55P

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

6.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

66

3

3

3

–

3

3

3

3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.3

3

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2400

85

90

90

–

85

85

85

85

80

85

80

80

80

85

80

80

85

90

85

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

2400

PC

Makrolon® 6487

0.3

0.3

0.3

–

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.22

0.26

0.22

0.2

0.22

0.26

0.2

0.22

0.3

0.3

0.3

Water Absorption (%)

Makrolon® AG2677 PC

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

580 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:08 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 581

2350

PC PC

Makrolon® LTG2623

Makrolon® LTG3123

Makrolon® OD2015 PC

Makrolon® Rx1805 PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Calibre 1080 DVD

Calibre 200 10 MFR

Calibre 200 15 MFR

Calibre 200 22 MFR

Calibre 200 4 MFR

Calibre 200 6 MFR

Calibre 201 10 MFR

Calibre 201 15 MFR

Calibre 201 22 MFR

Calibre 201 4 MFR

Calibre 201 6 MFR

Calibre 202 10 MFR

Calibre 202 15 MFR

Polycarbonate/Dow

2350

PC

Makrolon® LQ3187

PC

2350

PC

Makrolon® LQ3147

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2240

2350

2400

2400

2400

PC

Makrolon® LQ2647

2250

PC

Makrolon® KU11248

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

–

66

64

65

65

67

67

67

60

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

–

6.3

5.9

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

310

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

140

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

25

35

95

55

70

80

90

95

100

70

80

90

8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

14

–

11

12

13

14

15

11

12

13

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

–

–

85

95

95

85

85

85

110

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 581

12/11/2007 6:21:08 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 582

Description

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Name and Grade

Calibre 202 22 MFR

Calibre 202 4 MFR

Calibre 202 6 MFR

Calibre 203 10 MFR

Calibre 203 15 MFR

Calibre 203 22 MFR

Calibre 203 4 MFR

Calibre 203 6 MFR

Calibre 2060 10 MFR

Calibre 2060 15 MFR

Calibre 2061 10 MFR

Calibre 2061 15 MFR

Calibre 2071 15 MFR

Calibre 300 10 MFR

Calibre 300 15 MFR

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d) Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

Yield Stress (MPa)

2300

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

Yield at Strain (%) 6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Stress at Break (MPa)

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%)

2300

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

N

80

90

80

80

90

80

90

95

55

70

80

90

55

55

20

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

12

13

12

12

13

12

13

14

–

11

12

13

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

3

3

2.95

3

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

6

20

20

100

20

–

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

2300

582 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:09 PM

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Calibre 300V 10 MFR

Calibre 300V 15 MFR

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 583

Calibre 300V 6 MFR

Calibre 301 10 MFR

Calibre 301 15 MFR

Calibre 301 6 MFR

Calibre 301EP 22 MFR

Calibre 301EP 31 MFR

Calibre 301V 10 MFR

Calibre 301V 15 MFR

Calibre 301V 6 MFR

Calibre 302 10 MFR

Calibre 302 15 MFR

Calibre 302 6 MFR

Calibre 302EP 22 MFR

Calibre 302EP 31 MFR

Calibre 302V 10 MFR

Calibre 302V 15 MFR 2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

80

90

15

70

95

80

90

95

80

35

15

70

95

80

90

55

25

35

12

13

–

11

14

12

13

14

12

–

–

11

14

12

13

–

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 583

12/11/2007 6:21:09 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 584

Description

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Name and Grade

Calibre 302V 6 MFR

Calibre 303 10 MFR

Calibre 303 15 MFR

Calibre 303 6 MFR

Calibre 303 8 MFR

Calibre 303EP 22 MFR

Calibre 303EP 31 MFR

Calibre 303V 10 MFR

Calibre 303V 15 MFR

Calibre 303V 4 MFR

Calibre 303V 6 MFR

Calibre 303V 8 MFR

Calibre 3041 35 MFR

Calibre 3043 35 MFR

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d) Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

Yield Stress (MPa)

2300

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

Yield at Strain (%) 6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Stress at Break (MPa)

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%)

2300

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

N

–

–

55

55

55

25

90

15

70

35

95

80

90

95

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

13

–

11

–

14

12

13

14

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

2300

584 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:09 PM

PC, 10GF PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC PC PC PC, Imod PC, Imod PC PC PC

Calibre 5101 15 MFR

Calibre 5210 15 MFR

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 585

Calibre 5210 8 MFR

Calibre 600 2 MFR

Calibre 600 3 MFR

Calibre 603 3 MFR

Calibre 701 10 MFR

Calibre 701 15 MFR

Calibre 7101 15 MFR

Calibre 7101 8 MFR

Calibre 7211 5 MFR

Calibre 891 10 MFR

Calibre 891 19 MFR

Calibre 893 19 MFR

Calibre IM 401 11

Calibre IM 401 18

Calibre MegaRad 2080 10 MFR

Calibre MegaRad 2080 15 MFR

Calibre MegaRad 2081 10 MFR 2300

2300

2300

2300

2200

2300

2300

2300

6000

3500

3500

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

6500

6500

3600

62

62

62

60

55

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

105

105

60

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

4

4

4

6

6

6

6

6

4

4

4

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

N

N

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

N

N

–

–

–

N

N

N

35

80

90

60

70

30

30

30

15

–

–

17

17

25

25

25

9

7

–

–

12

13

30

40

15

15

15

–

–

–

15

15

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

20

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.03

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 585

12/11/2007 6:21:09 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 586

Description

PC PC, GF10 PC, GF20

Polyman® (PC) XP 31 RN

Polyman® (PC) XP 41 R 10 GF

Polyman® (PC) XP 41 R 20 GF PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Xantar® 18 R

Xantar® 18 SR D

Xantar® 18 UR

Xantar® 19 R

Xantar® 19 SR D

Xantar® 19 UR

Xantar® 22 R

Xantar® 22 SR FD

Xantar® 22 UR

Xantar® 23 R

Polycarbonate/DSM

PC

Polyman® (PC) XP 21 RN

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

5500

3800

2300

2250

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

*

*

61

61

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

*

*

7

6

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

110

85

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3

4

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

61

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

6

Strain at Break (%) *

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

72

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

62

Stress at Break (MPa) *

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

13

12

79

74

63

61

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2300

Yield at Strain (%) 6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12

–

–

34

17

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PC

Yield Stress (MPa) 62

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Polyman® (PC) XP 11 RN

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2300

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PC

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

29

–

35

35

34

34

Water Absorption (%)

Polyman® (PC) XP 01 RN

Polycarbonate/A. Schulman

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

586 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:09 PM

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF30 PC, GF30 PC, GF40

Xantar® 23 UR

Xantar® 24 R

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 587

Xantar® 24 SR D

Xantar® 24 UR

Xantar® 25 R

Xantar® 25 SR D

Xantar® 25 U

Xantar® 25 UR

Xantar® 27 R

Xantar® 27 SR D

Xantar® 27 U

Xantar® 27 UR

Xantar® FC 22 R

Xantar® FC 22 UR

Xantar® FC 23 R

Xantar® FC 23 UR

Xantar® FC 25 R

Xantar® FC 25 UR

Xantar® G2 23 R

Xantar® G2 23 UR

Xantar® G4 22 R

Xantar® G4 23 R

Xantar® G4 23 UR

Xantar® G4 25 R

Xantar® G4 25 UR

Xantar® G4F 22 UR

Xantar® G6 23 R

Xantar® G6 23 UR

Xantar® G8 23 R

10500

9500

9500

6000

6000

6000

6000

6000

6000

3500

3500

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

65

65

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

5

5

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

135

110

110

90

95

95

95

95

90

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

1.5

2

2

4

4

4

4

4

4

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3

3

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.23

0.26

0.26

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.29

0.31

0.31

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 587

12/11/2007 6:21:10 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 588

PC, GF40 PC, Imod PC, Imod PC, Imod PC, Imod PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC, GF9 PC PC PC PC PC

Xantar® G8 23 UR

Xantar® MX 1000

Xantar® MX 1001

Xantar® MX 1002

Xantar® MX 1004

Xantar® MX 1020

Xantar® MX 1021

Xantar® MX 1021 D

Xantar® MX 1061

Xantar® MX 1081

Xantar® MX 1082

Xantar® MX 1094

Xantar® MX 2015

Xantar® MX 2021

Xantar® MX 2032

Xantar® MX 2042 D

Xantar® RX 1045

PBT, GF30

Celanex 1462Z PBT

PBT

Celanex 1400A

Celanex 1600A

PBT

Celanex 1300A

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2550

–

2700

2500

2300

2300

2300

2300

2300

3200

6000

3500

2300

2100

2100

2100

2200

2200

Yield Stress (MPa)

2200

60

–

60

–

60

60

60

60

60

65

*

*

60

52

52

52

55

55

55

Yield at Strain (%) 5

–

4

–

6

6

6

6

6

5

*

*

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Stress at Break (MPa)

55

–

135

–

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

90

80

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%)

2200

–

2.6

–

8

*

*

*

*

*

*

4

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

210

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

1.5

7

7.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

135

6.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

3.5

–

3.2

3.2

–

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.9

3

3.2

3

2.9

–

–

–

3

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.4

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

210

–

200

200

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

10500

0.45

–

0.08

0.08

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.31

0.29

–

0.35

–

–

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.23

Water Absorption (%)

PBT/Ticona

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

588 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:10 PM

PBT PBT, GF7 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30

Celanex 1602Z

Celanex 1612Z

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 589

Celanex 1632Z

Celanex 1662Z

Celanex 1700A

Celanex 2000

Celanex 2000-2

Celanex 2000-K

Celanex 2001

Celanex 2001 HP

Celanex 2002

Celanex 2002-2

Celanex 2002AP

Celanex 2002UV

Celanex 2003

Celanex 2003-2

Celanex 2003HR

Celanex 2004

Celanex 2004-2

Celanex 2008

Celanex 2012

Celanex 2014

Celanex 2016

Celanex 2025

Celanex 2300 GV1/10

Celanex 2300 GV1/20

Celanex 2300 GV1/30 10300

7400

4700

1200

3000

3000

–

–

2400

2400

2700

2700

2700

2600

2600

2600

2600

–

2600

2700

2700

2700

2500

9200

5200

4200

2550

–

–

–

41

60

64

60

–

54

54

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

56

60

60

60

60

60

–

–

–

60

–

–

–

16

3

7

3.2

–

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

11

6

4

4

4

6

–

–

–

5

150

125

90

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

130

95

66

–

2.5

3

3.5

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.1

5.4

9

–

60

46

26

–

55

–

–

–

220P

220P

210

210

210

N

N

N

N

N

–

100

100

100

N

–

–

–

N

60

43

26

–

55

–

–

–

45

45

58

58

58

190

190

190

190

–

–

90

90

90

220

–

–

–

210

9.5

7.5

5

6.3

4.5

4

–

–

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

6

6

6

6

4.2

–

4

4

4

7.5

11

5.4

3.4

7

9

7

5

–

4.5

–

–

–

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

6

6

6

6

–

–

3.5

3.5

3.5

7

–

–

–

6.5

4.3

4.1

3.9

–

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

–

3.2

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

–

–

–

3.5

190

190

190

–

185

185

200

200

210

210

200

200

200

220

220

220

220

–

200

200

200

200

210

–

–

–

210

(Continued )

0.4

0.4

0.45

–

0.45

–

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.08

–

0.09

0.09

–

–

0.09

0.09

–

0.45

–

0.09

0.09

0.08

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 589

12/11/2007 6:21:10 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 590

Description

PBT, GF50 PBT, GB20 PBT, GB30 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF7

Name and Grade

Celanex 2300 GV1/50

Celanex 2300 GV3/20

Celanex 2300 GV3/30

Celanex 2302 GV1/15

Celanex 2302 GV1/20

Celanex 2302 GV1/30

Celanex 2360 FL

Celanex 2360 GV1/10 FL

Celanex 2360 GV1/20 FL

Celanex 2360 GV1/30 FL

Celanex 2401 MT

Celanex 2402 MT

Celanex 2403 MT

Celanex 2404 MT

Celanex 2500

Celanex 3100

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d) Tensile Modulus (MPa) –

2700

2600

2600

2700

2600

11000

8000

5600

3000

10500

7800

6100

Yield Stress (MPa)

4000

–

60

56

60

60

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%) –

4

7

4

4

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

–

78

–

–

–

–

–

145

120

90

55

150

135

110

50

50

Strain at Break (%)

3500

8

–

–

–

–

–

2.5

2.5

3

2.5

2.5

3

3

3

4

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) N

140

–

N

140

N

58

40

24

26

56

43

35

22

34

190

130

–

190

130

190

58

40

24

26

58

43

35

23

34

65

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

70

6

5

3.3

6

5

6

9.5

7.5

5.5

3

10

8.5

6.5

3.3

3.5

12

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2

5.5

4.5

–

6

4.5

6

9

7

5.5

3

10

8

6.5

3.3

3.5

12

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

165

3.6

3.8

–

3.5

–

3.5

4.4

3.9

3.5

3.6

4.1

4.1

4

4.4

4.2

4.1

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

200

200

–

220

–

220

150

160

160

185

170

180

180

120

180

190

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

–

0.6

0.45

–

–

–

–

0.4

0.4

0.45

0.45

0.4

0.4

0.45

0.4

0.45

0.35

Water Absorption (%)

17000

590 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:11 PM

PBT, GF7 PBT, GF14 PBT, GF7 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF40 PBT, GF40 PBT PBT, GF15 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30

Celanex 3109HR

Celanex 3114

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 591

Celanex 3116

Celanex 3200

Celanex 3200-2

Celanex 3200HR

Celanex 3201

Celanex 3210-2

Celanex 3214

Celanex 3216

Celanex 3226

Celanex 3300

Celanex 3300-2

Celanex 3300D

Celanex 3300HR

Celanex 3300LM

Celanex 3309HR

Celanex 3309HRT

Celanex 3310

Celanex 3314

Celanex 3316

Celanex 3325HRT

Celanex 3400

Celanex 3409HR

Celanex 4016

Celanex 4202

Celanex 4300

Celanex 4300LM

Celanex 4302

Celanex 4302HS

–

–

9300

9300

5200

2800

12500

12100

7600

10700

10000

10800

8300

9200

9200

9200

9200

9200

9200

7200

6700

6200

7500

6000

5800

5800

5800

4700

5100

–

–

–

–

–

–

55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

120

120

130

130

86

–

140

140

100

135

136

140

115

139

130

139

130

130

130

115

100

100

115

100

100

100

100

75

–

78

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.1

4.4

–

2.4

2.4

3.9

2.5

2.6

2.1

3.3

2.7

2.5

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.9

2.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

–

8

–

–

40

40

–

250

–

–

–

42

–

–

–

46

46

46

46

46

46

35

28

26

–

–

20

20

20

21

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

110

–

–

–

42

–

–

–

45

45

45

45

45

45

35

28

–

–

–

20

20

20

21

–

190

–

–

11

11

1

8.1

1

1

1

8.5

7.9

7.2

10

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

7

6

5.4

6.5

6.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

4.5

2.9

6

–

–

8.5

8.5

–

8.1

–

–

–

8.5

–

–

–

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

6.5

6

–

–

–

5

5

5

4.5

–

5.5

–

–

–

–

–

3.1

–

–

–

3.6

–

3.3

–

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.5

3.5

3.3

–

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.4

–

3.6

–

–

–

–

–

200

–

–

–

145

–

100

–

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

100

–

200

200

200

165

–

200

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

0.08

–

–

–

0.4

0.5

–

–

0.15

0.4

–

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

–

0.45

0.5

–

0.45

0.45

0.45

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 591

12/11/2007 6:21:11 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 592

12000 7800 8000 9700 9700 9200 12900

PBT, GF30 PBT, GF33 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT, (GF+Mica)40 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)35 PBT, (GF+Mica)35

Celanex 4302LM

Celanex 4305

Celanex 4306

Celanex 5200

Celanex 5200-2

Celanex 5201

Celanex 5202

Celanex 5203

Celanex 5300

Celanex 5300-2

Celanex 602AC

Celanex 6400-2

Celanex 6406

Celanex 6407

Celanex 6500

Celanex 6500LM

Celanex 7316

Celanex 7700

–

10000

10000

7200

6100

5900

6000

6000

Yield Stress (MPa)

9200

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

–

90

80

125

125

85

75

110

83

135

135

115

100

100

120

120

120

110

Strain at Break (%)

9500

1.4

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.5

1.8

3.5

3

3

2.7

2.5

2.5

3

3

2.9

3

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) –

29

30

30

–

–

34

–

49

49

–

–

–

35

35

60

54

–

29

30

30

–

–

34

–

48

48

–

–

–

35

35

45

54

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

5.4

6.7

7.1

7.1

–

12

5

–

9.5

9.5

5.5

4.7

–

8

8

12

13

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2.8

–

6.7

6.4

6.4

–

–

5

–

9

9

–

–

–

8

8

11

13

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

120

3.7

–

–

–

–

–

4.3

–

4.2

4.2

–

–

–

4

4

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

100

–

–

–

–

–

170

–

–

–

–

–

–

190

190

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.5

0.4

–

0.4

0.4

–

–

–

0.45

0.45

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

–

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

592 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:11 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 593

PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF50 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GB20 PBT, GB30 PBT, GF25 PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT

Ultradur® B 4030 G6

Ultradur® B 4300 G10

Ultradur® B 4300 G2

Ultradur® B 4300 G3

Ultradur® B 4300 G4

Ultradur® B 4300 G6

Ultradur® B 4300 K4

Ultradur® B 4300 K6

Ultradur® B 4400 G5

Ultradur® B 4406

Ultradur® B 4406 G2

Ultradur® B 4406 G4

Ultradur® B 4406 G6

Ultradur® B 4500

Ultradur® B 4520

Ultradur® B 4520 Z2

PBT, (GF+Mica)35

Ultradur® B 2550

PBT/BASF

Celanex 7716

1700

2400

2500

11300

8200

5500

3000

11000

4000

3500

10000

7100

6000

4500

16000

9100

2500

10800

35

60

60

*

*

*

65

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

–

4.2

3.7

3.7

*

*

*

3.9

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.7

–

*

*

*

145

125

95

*

104

50

50

135

120

93

90

140

125

*

83

*

*

*

2.3

2.6

3.3

*

1.9

4

5

2.5

3

4

3.5

1.5

3.6

*

1.6

N

N

290

60

48

30

50

41

35

35

67

58

–

40

55

78

250

22

200

*

*

55

50

30

*

41

24

26

74

54

–

38

69

83

*

–

15

6

6

10

9

6

4

7.5

4

4

11

8

–

5

11

16

6

5

7.6

3

4

*

*

*

4

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

–

4

5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.7

–

3.6

4

3.7

3.3

–

200

200

200

150

170

150

170

137

190

190

170

150

–

150

150

193

200

(Continued )

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 593

12/11/2007 6:21:11 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 594

2600 4000

PBT PBT

Ultradur® B 6550 L

Ultradur® B 6550 LN

Ultradur® B 6550 N PBT*

Ultradur® KR 4001

PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF12 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30

Pocan® B 1501

Pocan® B 1505

Pocan® B 1600

Pocan® B 2505

Pocan® B 3215

Pocan® B 3215 Z

Pocan® B 3225

Pocan® B 3225 Z

Pocan® B 3235

Pocan® B 4215

Pocan® B 4225

Pocan® B 4235

Pocan® B 4239 PBT, X25

PBT

Pocan® B 1305

Pocan® B 7375

PBT

Pocan® B 1300

3500

10600

11500

7500

5700

10000

6700

7000

4500

5000

2900

2600

2600

2600

2800

2700

Yield Stress (MPa) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

55

55

60

55

55

*

60

56

Yield at Strain (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3

4

4

4

4

4

*

3.5

3.5

3.5

Stress at Break (MPa)

50

55

125

140

120

100

150

115

120

85

100

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%)

2500

3

2.2

1.8

2.2

2.5

2.5

3.3

2.6

4

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

4.5

*

*

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 100

60

50

40

30

65

60

50

–

35

100

N

N

N

200

220

70

N

N

N

N

50

70

50

40

30

60

–

45

–

30

80

200

180

200

100

150

70

*

220

*

*

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

10

12

10

10

10

10

10

10

–

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

4

5

6

7

6

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

10

11

10

10

10

10

10

10

–

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

*

*

5.3

–

*

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

3.5

4.2

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.8

–

3.6

–

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

54

170

520

160

180

190

180

–

200

–

180

150

200

200

200

190

190

150

221

219

221

200

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PBT/Lanxess

2600

PBT

Ultradur® B 6550

0.4

0.35

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

–

–

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

Water Absorption (%)

2400

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

594 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:12 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 595

PBT PBT, GF7 PBT PBT

Pocan® KU27503/1 Z

Pocan® KU2-7755

Pocan® S 1506

Pocan® S 1517

2700 2700 3200 2700 1600

PBT PBT PBT

PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30

Arnite® T06 202

Arnite® T06 204 SN

Arnite® T06 204 XL PBT PBT, Imod

Arnite® T06 200 SNF

Arnite® T06 202 XL PBT PBT

Arnite® T06 200 (extrusion)

Arnite® T06 206 T

Arnite® T08 200

Arnite® T08 200 (extrusion)

Arnite® TV4 220

Arnite® TV4 230

Arnite® TV4 230 SF

Arnite® TV4 240

Arnite® TV4 240 S

Arnite® TV4 260 S

Arnite® TV4 260 SF

Arnite® TV4 261

10000

11000

11500

8500

7500

7000

6000

4500

2800

2800

2600

2700

PBT

2700

2000

1700

4700

2800

3400

Arnite® T06 200

PBT/DSM

PBT, GB20

Pocan® B 7425

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

55

55

35

62

65

58

55

45

55

55

45

35

*

55

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.5

3.5

4

8.7

5

4

3.5

4.5

3.5

3.5

4

4.5

*

6

*

140

130

130

110

120

95

100

80

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

75

*

50

3

2.5

2.5

2.5

3

2.5

3

5

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.7

*

3.5

60

50

55

50

45

40

35

30

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

35

200

30

60

50

55

50

45

40

35

30

N

N

N

–

–

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

35

–

30

10

8

10

9

7

6

8

7

6

6

20

3.7

5

5

5

12

5

5

60

75

10

10

10

10

8

10

9

7

6

8

7

6

6

12

–

–

5

5

–

5

5

15

25

10

10

10

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

–

3.2

3.2

–

3.2

–

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.6

3.2

3.6

170

140

150

150

180

140

180

–

200

200

–

200

–

200

200

220

200

200

190

170

600

160

170

(Continued )

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.35

0.45

0.45

–

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.4

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.4

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 595

12/11/2007 6:21:12 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 596

6000

PBT, GF35 PBT, Imod, GF20

Arnite® TV4 270

Arnite® TV6 241 T

PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, Imod

Crastin® 6129C NC010

Crastin® 6130 NC010

Crastin® 6130C NC010

Crastin® 6131 NC010

Crastin® 6131C NC010

Crastin® 6134 NC010

Crastin® 6134C NC010

Crastin® BM6450XD BK560 1600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

2600

Yield Stress (MPa)

Crastin® 6129 NC010

34

59

59

59

59

59

59

58

58

Yield at Strain (%)

–

9.3

4

4

6

6

8

8

5

5

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

85

145

Strain at Break (%)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

2.5

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) N

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

55

65

55

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

–

65

55

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

2.2

120

4

4

4

4

5

5

5.5

5.5

17

13

12

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

130

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

4

–

13

11

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.2

3.2

–

–

3.5

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

200

200

–

–

160

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PBT/DuPont

11500

PBT, GF30

Arnite® TV4 264 SN

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.25

–

Water Absorption (%)

11500

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

596 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:12 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 597

6800

PBT, GF15 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30

Crastin® HR5315HF NC010

Crastin® HR5330HF BK503

Crastin® HR5330HF NC010

Crastin® HTI668FR PBT, NC010 (GF+MD)45

PET, GF15 PET, GF30 PET, GF30 PET, GF45 PET, GF13 PET, GF35 PET, GF45 PET, GF35 PET, GF45 PET, ,Imod, GF15

Impet 320R

Impet 330

Impet 330R

Impet 340R

Impet 610R

Impet 630R

Impet 740

Impet 830R

Impet 840R

Impet Hi430

Rynite® 425LW BK505 PET

4800

PET, GF45

Impet 2700 GV1/45

PET/DuPont

15700

PET, GF30

Impet 2700 GV1/30

5370

10700

15700

8600

5100

16800

11000

–

–

17000

11500

PET, GF20

8600

8400

5200

5200

Impet 2700 GV1/20

PET/Ticona

8400

PBT, GF15

Crastin® HR5315HF BK503

2600

PBT

Crastin® CE2548 GY740

2600

PBT

Crastin® CE2055 BKB580

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

9

60

73

140

118

140

85

97

190

170

170

115

140

175

135

77

132

120

95

92

46

–

4

3

1.3

2.1

1.4

2

3

2.1

2.6

2.6

2.5

1.5

2

2

2.1

3.5

3.5

3

3

15

–

35

53

–

–

59

–

–

–

48

–

–

44

41

30

28

75

65

60

50

–

90

–

38

–

38

–

–

45

–

–

44

40

28

22

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.3

16

6.4

7

6.4

–

5

15

10

–

5.1

14

11

8.5

5

13

11

10

10

5

3.5

–

8.4

–

–

6.4

–

–

–

10

–

–

14

11

8.5

4

12

9

7

6

3

4.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

165

180

190

305

200

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

0.12

–

–

–

–

0.09

–

–

–

–

0.4

0.4

0.45

0.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 597

12/11/2007 6:21:12 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 598

PET, GF15 PET, GF30 PET, GF43 PET, GF45

Rynite® FR515 NC010

Rynite® FR530L NC010

Rynite® FR543 NC010

Rynite® FR943 NC010 PET PET PET

Amite® A06 300

Arnite® A04 900

Arnite® A06 101

PET/DSM

12500

PET, (MD+GF)40

Rynite® 940 BK505

2500

2800

2500

14000

17000

11500

6800

11200

PET, (GD+GF)36

Rynite® 936CS NC011

10200

19500

Rynite® 555 NC010 PET PET, (GF+P)35

15500

Rynite® 545 NC010 PET, GF45

Rynite® 935 NC010

14000

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Rynite® 536 NC010 PET, GF36

Yield Stress (MPa) 55

80

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

11000

4

4

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

PET, GF30

*

–

–

124

170

135

107

110

120

85

190

182

205

180

Strain at Break (%)

Rynite® 530CS NC011

*

–

–

1.5

1.8

2

2.6

1.8

2

2

2

2

2.4

2.3

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) –

N

–

30

43

40

40

35

20

25

50

60

65

50

60

–

–

–

25

30

33

35

–

–

20

45

40

–

–

45

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

2.5

6.5

3

–

7

10

8.5

8

–

5

6

12

11

12

11

11

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

158

–

–

–

5

10

8.5

7

–

–

4

12

11

–

–

11

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

3.2

–

4.1

4.1

4.7

3.7

3.7

–

4.1

4.7

4.4

–

–

3.9

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

–

21

–

150

170

100

150

150

–

250

70

110

–

–

70

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

11000

Description

–

0.5

0.75

1

0.62

0.77

–

–

–

0.83

0.59

0.62

–

–

0.7

Water Absorption (%)

Rynite® 530 NC010 PET, GF30

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

598 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:13 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 599

PET, GF20 PET, GF33 PET, GF33 PET, GF35 PET, GF35 PET, GF35 PET, GF50 PET

Arnite® AV2 340

Arnite® AV2 360 S

Arnite® AV2 365 SN

Arnite® AV2 370

Arnite® AV2 370 /B

Arnite® AV2 372

Arnite® AV2 390

Arnite® D00 301

PCT, GF30 PCT, GF40 PCT, GF20 PCT, GF30 PCT, GF40

Thermx® CG033 NC010

Thermx® CG043 NC010

Thermx® CG923 NC010

Thermx® CG933 NC010

Thermx® CG943 NC010T

LCP, GF45 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40

Zenite® 5145L BK010

Zenite® 6130 BK010

Zenite® 6130LX BK010

Zenite® 6140L BK010

LCP/DuPont

PCT, GF20

Thermx® CG023 NC010

PCT/DuPont

PET

Arnite® A06 700

–

15000

13000

15000

13000

10000

7500

–

8500

6400

2500

19000

13000

13000

13000

13500

13000

8500

2250

–

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

–

60

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

50

–

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

–

3.5

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

4

–

146

–

–

115

110

–

–

120

–

*

210

190

185

185

165

165

150

–

–

2.1

–

–

1.3

1.5

–

–

2

–

*

2

2.5

2.5

2.5

2

2

2.5

–

23

40

40

–

–

–

40

–

50

35

N

55

50

50

50

50

40

35

–

20

–

30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

55

50

50

50

50

40

–

–

15

20

35

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

6

14

12

12

12

10

10

9

10

15

–

30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

14

12

12

12

10

10

–

–

–

–

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.4

3.5

3.1

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.4

–

–

–

–

310

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

110

130

130

130

140

120

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.8

–

0.8

0.3

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.4

0.4

0.5

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 599

12/11/2007 6:21:13 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 600

LCP, MD30 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF45 LCP, GF40 LCP, GF30 LCP, MD30

Zenite® 6330 BK010

Zenite® 7130 BK010

Zenite® 7145L BK010

Zenite® 9140HT NC010

Zenite® ZE16130A BK010

Zenite® ZE16401 BK010

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 23500 20000 7000 11000

LCP, GF30 LCP, GF50 LCP, CF30 LCP, GF25, X25 LCP, PTFE LCP, PTFE, GF LCP, X15 LCP, X30

Vectra A130

Vectra A150

Vectra A230

Vectra A410

Vectra A430

Vectra A435

Vectra A515

Vectra A530

11000

10500

22000

15000

LCP, GF15

Vectra A115

12000

8500

–

18000

Yield Stress (MPa)

18000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

Yield at Strain (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

–

−160

−175

−175

−160

150

−130

−160

−190

−200

–

–

175

120

–

Strain at Break (%)

–

4.6

4.5

3.3

6.2

1.9

0.8

1.1

2.1

3.1

–

–

1.5

0.9

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 50

100

38

86

24

20

16

33

48

–

–

–

18

30

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

13

22

40

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

4

25

59

26

28

12

13

12

26

42

9

–

15

10

20

9

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

125

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12

20

8

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.7

4.2

16.1

4.1

3.7

3

–

–

–

4.4

–

3.4

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

160

200

160

160

140

257

180

180

180

–

130

–

240

300

310

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

8800

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.7

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

LCP/Ticona

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

600 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:13 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 601

11400 9500

15000 11000

LCP LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, CF30 LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF50 LCP, X50 LCP, X LCP, Milled Glass30 LCP, GF30 LCP LCP, X30 LCP, X40 LCP, X40 LCP, X40 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40 LCP LCP, GF30 LCP, GF, PTFE LCP, X15 LCP, X30

Vectra A725

Vectra A950

Vectra B130

Vectra B230

Vectra C115

Vectra C130

Vectra C150

Vectra C550

Vectra C810

Vectra D130M

Vectra E130i

Vectra E471i

Vectra E530i

Vectra E540i

Vectra E820i

Vectra E820i Pd

Vectra H130

Vectra H140

Vectra L130

Vectra L140

Vectra MT1300

Vectra MT1310

Vectra MT1335

Vectra MT1340

Vectra MT1345

11000

10500

10600

17300

15000

17000

16500

8000

8500

9800

11500

13800

15000

17800

22000

15000

13000

31800

22000

10600

8100

14000

LCP, Z25

Vectra A700

10400

LCP, Graphite25

Vectra A625

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

160

175

175

190

182

130

155

−160

170

−90

−100

105

150

−140

−150

−92

−100

−115

−150

−160

−160

200

205

−182

−92

−140

140

4.6

4.5

3.3

2.1

3.4

1.1

1.6

1.2

1.5

3.6

3.5

3.2

3.5

2

1.6

1.5

3.4

2.3

1

1.9

2.5

0.7

1

3.4

4.2

1.5

5.7

50

100

38

33

270

32

45

24

29

35

54

–

84

55

43

6

25

17

15

28

42

15

18

270

31

15

67

–

–

–

–

53

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

53

–

–

–

2

5

2

2

9

1

23

14

24

4

8

–

29

20

22

–

3

4

13

25

34

6

12

95

17

7

11

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.7

3

3.6

3.5

3.6

5.6

–

3.6

3.6

3.2

3.8

3.3

3.9

3.7

4

4.1

3.7

3.1

32

3.5

3

–

–

13

160

200

160

180

200

200

240

200

221

163

165

310

257

320

250

220

140

100

180

180

200

–

80

200

–

–

1500

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 601

12/11/2007 6:21:13 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 602

LCP LCP, GF30 LCP LCP, GF30 LCP, X40 LCP, GF30 LCP LCP

Vectra MT1355

Vectra MT2310

Vectra MT2355

Vectra MT3310

Vectra MT4350

Vectra T130

Vectra V100P

Vectra V300P

LCP, GF30 LCP, T45

Xydar G-930

Xydar M-345

2300 2000 1800

PC+ABS PC+ABS

PC+ABS

Bayblend® DP T90

Bayblend® DP W65 PC+AES PC+ABS

Bayblend® DP T65 TX

Bayblend® KU 1-1446

Bayblend® KU 2-1514 2400

2200

PC+ABS

2400

12100

15800

15900

11500

13400

16000

9800

Bayblend® DP T50

Polyester blends/Bayer

LCP, GF30

Xydar G-430

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 15000

Yield Stress (MPa)

31800

60

45

46

–

54

50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%) 5

4.5

4

–

4.5

3.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

86

135

135

153

150

140

105

160

200

205

Strain at Break (%)

22000

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.5

1.6

1.3

2.4

1.7

1.5

3.2

1.9

0.7

1

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

18

–

–

110

50

–

28

15

18

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11

–

–

7

3

–

2

1

1

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

130

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

3.1

2.9

3

–

–

3

–

3.9

–

–

–

3.6

3.6

3.7

32

3.5

16.1

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

290

310

180

–

80

257

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

23500

0.5

0.7

0.7

–

–

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

LCP/Solvay

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

602 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:14 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 603

2900 2600 2100

2300 3900 5900

2700 3100 2200

PC+ABS

Bayblend® R-R 610 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS, GF20 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

PC+PET, Imod, MD20 PC+PBT, Imod, MD10 PC+PBT, Imod, MD20

Bayblend® T45

Bayblend® T45 PG

Bayblend® T65

Bayblend® T85

Bayblend® T88-2N

Bayblend® T88-4N

Bayblend®R 2000

Bayblend®R 2000 BBS052

Bayblend®R 2010

Bayblend®R 3000

Bayblend®R 3005

Bayblend®R 3030

Makroblend® DP 2- PC+PET, 7655 MD10 PC+PET, Imod

Bayblend® KU 2-3020

Makroblend® DP 7645

Makroblend® DP 7665

Makroblend® KU 2-7608

Makroblend® KU 2-7609 3400

2600

4200

2800

2700

2700

2700

2700

2200

2100

4200

PC+ABS, GF10

Bayblend® KU 2-1522

2400

PC+ABS

Bayblend® KU 2-1514 BBS073

47

40

–

50

–

69

60

60

60

60

60

–

–

55

52

49

49

55

65

–

57

3

3

–

4.2

–

5

3.5

3.5

4

4

4

–

–

4.7

4.2

3.7

3.7

4

4

–

5

–

–

50

–

45

–

–

–

–

–

–

77

63

–

–

–

–

–

–

68

–

–

–

7

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

–

–

N

–

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3

3

3

3

3.1

–

3.2

3.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.3

0.3

–

–

–

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 603

12/11/2007 6:21:14 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 604

PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod

Makroblend® KU 2-7912

Makroblend® KU 2-7912/4

Makroblend® KU -7912/5

Makroblend® KU 2-7915

Makroblend® KU 2-7940

Makroblend® S 7916

Makroblend® S 7916/2

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 9500 5900 7000 9200 6500

PBT+PET, GF30 PBT+ASA, GF15 PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+PET, GF15

Pocan® DP 4035

Pocan® DP 7041

Pocan® DP 7042

Pocan® DP 7043

Pocan® KU1-7313

1800

1700

2100

2200

Yield Stress (MPa)

2100

*

*

*

*

*

45

40

55

50

53

Yield at Strain (%) *

*

*

*

*

4

4

4.6

4

4.2

4

Stress at Break (MPa)

50

110

120

100

90

120

–

–

–

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%)

2150

3

2.8

3

3

2.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 30

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

30

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

10

–

–

–

–

90

80

52

70

60

60

60

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

10

–

–

–

–

25

60

50

50

40

45

25

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

4

3.5

–

–

–

–

3

2.9

–

3.1

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

2200

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

Water Absorption (%)

Polyester blends/Lanxess

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

604 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:14 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 605

8500 6500

PBT+PC, GF30 PBT+ABS, GF20 PBT+PC

Pocan® KU1-7635

Pocan® KU2-7125

Pocan® KU27604

PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Xantar® C CF 107

Xantar® C CF 407

Xantar® C CM 206

Xantar® C CM 206 U

Xantar® C CM 406

Xantar® C CM 406 FD

Xantar® C CM 406 U

Xantar® C CM 506

Xantar® C CM 506 U 2300

2300

2200

2200

2200

2100

2100

2700

2850

2700

PC+ABS

9900

PBT+PET, GF30

Arnite® TV4 461 KL

Xantar® C CE 407

9900

PBT+PET, GF30

Arnite® TV4 461

2200

7300

PBT+PET, GF20

Arnite® TV4 441

Stapron® E EM 605 PC+PET

4700

PBT+PET, MD20

Arnite® TM4 440

Polyester blends/DSM

5100

PBT+PC, GF20

Pocan® KU1-7625

2000

8600

PBT+PET, (GF+MD)40

Pocan® KU1-7341

55

55

50

50

50

45

45

60

60

60

55

*

*

*

–

45

*

*

*

*

5

5

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

6

*

*

*

–

3.5

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

130

130

112

57

*

100

100

75

80

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.4

*

2.8

2.5

4

1.2

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

45

45

25

35

N

35

50

35

20

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

45

45

25

–

N

30

–

–

20

40

40

40

40

40

35

35

–

–

–

55

9

9

7

4

–

10

–

–

10

20

20

20

20

20

15

15

–

–

–

25

9

9

7

–

–

10

–

–

10

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

3

3

–

3.9

3.9

–

–

–

3.6

–

–

3.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

160

160

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.35

0.3

0.3

0.3

–

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 605

12/11/2007 6:21:14 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 606

2200 2300

PC+ABS

Xantar® C RC 3012 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Xantar® C MC 3700

Xantar® FC 19 R

Xantar® FC 19 UR PBT+PET, GF50 PBT+PET, GF10 PBT+PET, GF20 PBT+PET, GF30 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF10 PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF20

Ultradur® B 4040 G10

Ultradur® B 4040 G2

Ultradur® B 4040 G4

Ultradur® B 4040 G6

Ultradur® B 4406 G4 Q113

Ultradur® B 4406 G6 Q113

Ultradur® S 4090 G2

Ultradur® S 4090 G4

Ultradur® S 4090 G4X 6800

6900

4500

11500

8350

10500

7500

5000

18700

2300

Yield Stress (MPa) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

60

Yield at Strain (%)

50

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

6

6

4

Stress at Break (MPa)

5

100

100

75

135

117

145

120

96

165

*

*

–

–

Strain at Break (%)

55

2.6

2.5

2.9

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.9

1.5

*

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 49

55

45

50

36

55

40

26

52

–

–

N

N

N

–

43

27

–

–

*

*

*

58

–

–

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

6.6

7

6

8

6.1

8

6

3.8

10

–

–

40

40

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

20

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

4

–

3.6

3.4

3.7

3.5

3.8

3.5

–

4.5

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

60

–

190

205

158

170

170

180

–

150

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

Polyester blends/BASF

2300

PC+ABS

Xantar® C MC 3433

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.35

0.35

0.6

0.5

0.6

Water Absorption (%)

2850

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

606 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:15 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 607

PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+ASA, GF14

Ultradur® S 4090 G6X

Ultradur® S 4090 GX

PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+SAN, GF20 PBT+SAN, GF30

Crastin® LW9020FR NC010

Crastin® LW9030 NC010

Crastin® LW9030FR NC010

Crastin® LW9320 NC010

Crastin® LW9330 NC010

2300 3800 7600

PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS, GF20 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Pulse 1350

Pulse 1370

Pulse 1550

Pulse 1718GF

Pulse 2000

Pulse 2000EZ

Pulse 2100LG

Pulse 2200BG

Pulse 830

Pulse 920MG

2050

2300

2200

2090

2350

2360

2400

PC+ABS

2300

9800

7400

10500

9500

8500

7000

5500

9800

9700

Pulse 1310

Polyester blends/Dow

PBT+ASA, GF20

Crastin® LW9020 NC010

Polyester blends/DuPont

PBT+ASA, GF30

Ultradur® S 4090 G6

48

55

52

48

54

52

*

59

55

56

52

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

4.6

4

5.1

4.9

4.4

5

*

3.4

4

4.2

4.1

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

95

*

*

*

*

135

120

125

130

115

110

100

132

125

*

*

*

*

*

*

2

*

*

*

*

2.3

2.7

1.8

2.5

2.1

2.9

3.2

2.5

2.2

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

90

N

N

N

55

55

–

60

40

60

52

64

59

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

50

N

N

N

–

50

–

66

35

43

–

55

50

45

66

50

45

40

45

6

18

66

56

65

9

8.5

–

10

7

9.5

8

9

9

3

25

18

30

14

5

8

25

22

15

9

–

–

9.3

6.5

7.6

–

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.6

–

3.4

3.4

3.7

3.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

30

170

150

180

208

202

180

(Continued )

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

0.72

0.7

0.78

0.8

0.4

0.4

0.4

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 607

12/11/2007 6:21:15 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 608

PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Pulse 979

Pulse A20-95

Pulse A35105

Pulse A35110

PBT+PET, GF20 PBT+PET, GF30 PBT+PET, GF45

Schuladur® PCR GF 20

Schuladur® PCR GF 30

Schuladur® PCR GF 45

1500 2800 4000

PBT Alloy, P10 PBT Alloy PBT Alloy PBT Alloy, GF7 PBT Alloy, GF15

Vandar 2122

Vandar 2500

Vandar 4602Z

Vandar 4612R

Vandar 4632Z

–

PBT Alloy

Vandar 2100UV

1450

1600

PBT Alloy

1600

15500

10500

8100

4500

Vandar 2100

Polyester blends/Ticona

PBT+PET, GF10

Schuladur® PCR GF 10

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2350

Yield Stress (MPa)

2200

–

50

40

35

–

40

40

*

*

*

*

57

52

Yield at Strain (%)

44

–

4

6

5

–

4

4

*

*

*

*

4.8

5

5

Stress at Break (MPa) 60

–

–

–

–

–

–

132

145

125

80

*

*

*

4

–

–

–

>50

–

–

1.5

2.5

2.5

3.5

*

*

*

65

60

N

200

–

N

N

43

55

30

28

N

N

N

62

50

N

170

–

N

N

–

50

–

–

N

N

N

30

18

14

70

88

–

70

70

6

8

6

4

35

35

25

9

8

5

10

9

–

16

16

–

8

–

–

15

2

1

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

2250

Strain at Break (%) 30

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

76

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

4.1

3.8

3.9

–

–

3.6

3.6

–

3.85

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

290

290

310

–

–

200

200

–

0.0161

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

4000

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

–

0.45

0.45

–

0.3

0.3

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Polyester blends/A. Schulman

Description

Name and Grade

11.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

608 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:15 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 609

PBT Alloy PBT Alloy

Vandar 6000

Vandar 8000

1700

1750

7000

30

45

–

4.5

4.5

–

Description

PEI PEI PEI Blend PEI, GF10 PEI, GF10

Ultem® 1100

Ultem® 1110

Ultem® 1285

Ultem® 2100

Ultem® 2110

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 4500

4500

3300

3500

3500

*

*

110

110

110

105

*

*

6

6

6

6

115

115

75

80

85

85

Strain at Break (%) 4

4

36

10

10

60

60

35

30

N

–

–

N

N

35

30

N

–

–

N

N

–

–

3

–

–

5

4

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3200

Stress at Break (MPa) 85

3.6

15

7

7

3

–

–

5

4

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PEI

Yield at Strain (%) 6

–

–

–

2.9

2.9

2.94

–

–

2.9

2.9

–

–

0.6

0.5

0.45

–

0.45

0.6

1

0.5

1.2

0.65

0.7

0.7

(Continued )

0.0025

0.0025

0.0103

170

260

4.3

10

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Ultem® 1010

Yield Stress (MPa) 105

75

–

20

N

–

70

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/ m 2)

3200

N

–

70

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PEI

–

–

3.5

Water Absorption (%)

Ultem® 1000

–

–

80

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PEI/SABIC Innovative Plastics

Name and Grade

11.5 Polyimides

* I napplicable property or a property not relevant to this material. – Missing value, not applicable. N No break in a Charpy impact test. P Partial break

PBT Alloy, GF30

Vandar 4662Z

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 609

12/11/2007 6:21:15 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 610

12500 9900

PEI, Milled GF20 PEI, GF30 PEI, GF30 PEI, Milled GF30 PEI, GF40 PEI, GF40 PEI, GF40 PEI, (GF+MD)45 PEI, (GF+PTFE+Graphite) PEI, PTFE PEI, PTFE PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI, GF20 PEI, GF30

Ultem® 2300

Ultem® 2310

Ultem® 2312

Ultem® 2400

Ultem® 2410

Ultem® 2412EPR

Ultem® 3452

Ultem® 4000

Ultem® 4001

Ultem® 4002

Ultem® 9011

Ultem® 9070

Ultem® 9075

Ultem® 9076

Ultem® CRS5001

Ultem® CRS5011

Ultem® CRS5201

Ultem® CRS5311

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Ultem® 2212

10000

7200

2900

3200

3000

3200

3000

3200

3300

3000

10100

11500

11500

6000

9500

9500

4500

Yield Stress (MPa)

6800

*

*

100

100

95

90

100

105

100

95

*

*

90

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PEI, GF20

*

*

8

8

6

6

6

6

6

6

*

*

2

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Ultem® 2210

160

135

85

95

70

75

90

85

80

75

90

100

90

180

180

85

165

165

75

140

Strain at Break (%) 2

3

50

50

50

25

20

60

25

30

1

1.5

2

2

2

3

2

2

8

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

14

20

40

40

25

40

40

35

35

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

14

21

40

40

25

40

40

35

35

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

140

–

–

–

–

6

6

–

–

–

9

8

4.4

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

6

7

–

3

11

11

8

4

5

–

–

4

10

10

–

9

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

3.1

3

–

3

2.8

–

–

–

–

–

6.2

3.6

–

3.1

3.1

–

3.4

3.4

–

3

3

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

6800

0.003

0.0043

–

0.0043

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.022

0.015

–

0.0019

0.0019

–

0.0023

0.0023

–

0.0025

0.0025

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PEI, GF20

Description

0.9

1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

0.5

1.3

1.1

1.1

0.7

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

–

1

1

Water Absorption (%)

Ultem® 2200

Name and Grade

11.5 Polyimides (cont’d)

610 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:15 PM

PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI

Ultem® DT1800E

Ultem® DT1810E

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 611

Ultem® EXUM0169

Ultem® LTX300A

Ultem® LTX931A

Ultem® MD130A

Ultem® XH6050

3120

3500

9200

3200

2500

2500

2500

95

110

115

90

98

98

98

8.5

6

2

6

7

7

7

78

85

115

75

80

80

80

17

10

2

25

80

80

80

N

–

–

N

–

–

–

N

–

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

4

6

–

–

–

–

–

4

7

2

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.007

–

–

–

0.0061

–

0.0061

1.8

1.2

0.4

1.3

0.36

0.36

0.37

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 611

12/11/2007 6:21:16 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 612

PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD40 PA6, MD40 PA6, Imod PA6, Imod PA6, GF15 PA6, GF15

Minion® 73M30 NC010 (dry)

Minion® 73M30 NC010 (cond.)

Minion® 73M30HSL BK489 (dry)

Minion® 73M40 NC010 (dry)

Minion® 73M40 NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 7331T NC010A (dry)

Zytel® 7331T NC010A (cond.)

Zytel® 73G15HSL BK363 (dry)

Zytel® 73G15HSL BK363 (cond.) 3500

6500

970

2400

2300

6000

–

1800

4900

*

*

39

62

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

26

4.4

*

*

–

*

*

60

140

*

*

59

87

–

56

82

84

8

4

*

*

29

11

–

46

14

5.5

70

40

–

–

N

130

–

N

130

65

60

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

Strain at Break (%) 3

40

40

–

–

95

95

–

85

85

50

50

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

Stress at Break (MPa) 140

7

6

35

16

9.5

6.5

–

13

6.5

13

7

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

4900

Yield at Strain (%) *

7

5

6

8

5

4

–

3.5

3.5

4

5.5

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PA6, (MD+GF)40

Yield Stress (MPa) *

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Minion® 73GM40 NC010 (cond.)

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 8400

–

–

–

–

–

–

150

–

–

–

38

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6, (MD+GF)40

Description

*

7.6

*

–

*

5.4

6.3

*

6.3

–

5.6

Water Absorption (%)

Minion® 73GM40 NC010 (dry)

PA6/DuPont

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons)

612 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:16 PM

PA6, GF15 PA6, GF15 PA6, GF15, Imod PA6, GF15, Imod PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30, Imod PA6, GF30, Imod PA6, GF45 PA6, GF45 PA6, GF35, Imod PA6, GF35, Imod PA6, GF15, Imod PA6, GF15, Imod PA6

Zytel® 73G15L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G15L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 73G15THSL BK240 (dry)

Zytel® 73G15THSL BK240 (cond.)

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 613

Zytel® 73G20L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G20L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 73G30HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G30HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 73G30L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G30L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 73G30T NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G30T NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 73G45L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 73G45L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® BK262 73G35HSL (dry)

Zytel® BK262 73G35HSL (cond.)

Zytel® BM73G15THS BK317 (dry)

Zytel® BM73G15THS BK317 (cond.)

Zytel® FN727 NC010 (dry) 770

2500

5100

7000

11000

10000

14000

6000

9500

6000

9500

5500

9500

4300

7000

–

5500

3500

6000

23

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

44

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

65

107

120

190

150

220

100

170

120

190

110

190

83

150

55

120

61

140

*

22

5.7

6

3

4

2.5

5

3

5.5

3.5

5.5

3.5

6.5

4

19

2.9

8

4

–

120

85

90

90

110

110

100

110

100

100

100

100

90

70

–

–

90

50

–

–

–

90

90

100

120

90

90

80

80

–

–

60

70

–

–

50

45

130

33

27

22

16

23

21

25

19

21

13

20

13

16

10

13

9.5

14

7

–

–

–

10

10

23

21

25

19

21

10

–

16

10

5.2

5.7

14

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.9

–

–

–

–

–

160

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

*

–

*

5.8

–

4.9

*

6.2

*

6.3

*

6.3

*

7.2

*

–

*

7.6

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 613

12/11/2007 6:21:16 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 614

PA6, Imod PA6, Imod

Zytel® ST7301 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® ST7301 NC010 (cond.) PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6

Ultramid® 8200 (dry)

Ultramid® 8200 (cond.)

Ultramid® 8200 HS BK102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8202 (dry)

Ultramid® 8202 (cond.)

Ultramid® 8202 HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8202 HS (cond.)

Ultramid® 8202C (dry)

Ultramid® 8202C (cond.)

PA6/BASF

PA6, GF20

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® FR73G20GWF NC010 (cond.)

1360

3700

970

2700

970

2700

–

–

2700

–

1800

4300

Yield Stress (MPa)

6000

43

88

36

78

36

78

80

39

80

–

–

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PA6, GF20

22

4

16

4

16

4

5

16

5

–

–

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® FR73G20GWF NC010 (dry)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

83

90

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

6.5

4

–

N

–

N

–

N

90

–

N

–

–

110

30

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

51

–

51

N

–

–

–

–

60

66

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

3.5

–

3.5

–

3.5

3.8

–

3.5

120

78

6.5

4

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

18

17

–

3

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

350

–

–

–

–

–

0.02

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6

Description

*

9.3

*

9.5

*

9.5

9.5

*

9.5

*

–

*

–

*

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® FN727 NC010 (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

614 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:16 PM

PA6 PA6 PA6, GF14 PA6, GF14 PA6, GF33 PA6, GF33 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6, MD40 PA6, MD40 PA6, (MD+GF)20 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (MD+GF)40

Ultramid® 8202C HS BK-102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8202C HS BK-102 (cond.)

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 615

Ultramid® 8231G HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8231G HS (cond.)

Ultramid® 8233G HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8233G HS (cond.)

Ultramid® 8253 HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8253 HS (cond.)

Ultramid® 8254 HS BK 102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8254 HS BK 102 (cond.)

Ultramid® 8255 HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8260 (dry)

Ultramid® 8260 (cond.)

Ultramid® 8262G HS BK-102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8266G HS BK-102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8266G HS BK-102 (cond.)

Ultramid® 8267G HS BK-102 (dry)

Ultramid® 8267G HS BK-102 (cond.)

4860

8500

5610

9780

5200

2390

6400

–

460

875

730

2300

5840

10100

2640

5960

1360

3700

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

36

28

34

32

60

*

*

*

*

43

88

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

7

30

7

15

4

*

*

*

*

22

4

76

128

70

125

100

60

85

*

*

*

*

*

125

185

80

140

*

*

6

3.5

6

3

3

30

10

*

*

*

*

*

6

3.5

9

4

*

*

–

55

–

–

–

–

120

–

–

–

–

N

–

88

–

40

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

4

3

–

3

–

–

–

–

18

–

15

–

6.5

–

3.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.6

–

3.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.02

–

0.02

–

–

(Continued )

*

5.7

*

5.7

7.9

*

5.7

7.1

*

7.1

*

8.1

*

6.4

*

8.1

*

9.3

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 615

12/11/2007 6:21:16 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 616

PA6, GF33 PA6, GF33 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6

Ultramid® 8333G HI (cond.)

Ultramid® 8350 HS (dry)

Ultramid® 8350 HS (cond.)

Ultramid® 8351 HS BK102 (dry)

Ultramid® B3 (dry)

Ultramid® B3 (cond.)

Ultramid® B32 (dry)

Ultramid® B32 (cond.)

Ultramid® B32 Q128 (dry)

Ultramid® B32 Q128 (cond.)

Ultramid® B35 (dry)

Ultramid® B35 (cond.)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Ultramid® 8333G HI (dry)

900

2700

900

2700

900

2700

1000

3000

1800

675

1800

4610

9300

Yield Stress (MPa)

3100

45

80

45

80

45

80

45

90

49

32

53

*

*

65

Yield at Strain (%)

PA6, GF12

20

4.5

20

4.5

20

4.5

20

4.5

5

9

5

*

*

15

Stress at Break (MPa)

Ultramid® 8272G HS BK-102 (cond.)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

90

145

–

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

6

3.5

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

–

78

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

N

9

N

9

N

9

60

8

92

–

100

–

20

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

7

3.5

7

3.5

7

3.5

7

3.5

–

–

–

–

3.4

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

5220

3000

310

3000

310

3000

310

3000

230

–

–

–

–

0.01

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6, GF12

Description

*

9.5

*

9.5

*

9.5

*

9.5

6.7

*

6.7

*

5.5

*

8.3

Water Absorption (%)

Ultramid® 8272G HS BK-102 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

616 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:17 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 617

13000 8200 6000

PA6, GF15 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF40

PA6, (GF+GB)30 PA6, (GF+MD)40 PA6, (GF+MD)40

Ultramid® B3EG5 (dry)

Ultramid® B3EG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3EG6 (dry)

Ultramid® B3EG6 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3G8 (dry)

Ultramid® B3G8 (cond.) PA6, GF40 PA6, (GF+GB)30

Ultramid® B3EG3 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3GK24 (dry)

Ultramid® B3GK24 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3GM35 (dry)

Ultramid® B3GM35 (cond.) 5000

8000

3000

6200

9500

5500

8000

3500

5800

3200

PA6, GF15

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B35G3 bk 564 (cond.)

6100

Ultramid® B3EG3 (dry)

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B35G3 bk 564 (dry)

1000

1700

PA6

Ultramid® B35F (cond.)

3000

Ultramid® B36FN Q99 (cond.)

PA6

Ultramid® B35F (dry)

3500

3200

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B35EG3 (cond.)

5800

Ultramid® B36FN Q99 (dry)

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B35EG3 (dry)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

90

–

–

45

90

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

20

4.5

–

–

20

4.5

*

*

65

120

60

110

135

205

115

185

105

160

70

130

*

*

67

126

*

*

70

130

12

3

15

3.5

4.6

2.8

8

3.5

8.5

3.5

15

3.5

*

*

13

2.9

*

*

18

4

50

90

40

110

90

110

95

110

80

110

50

–

–

110

47

N

N

110

60

–

50

–

39

–

75

–

80

–

75

–

45

–

–

–

–

–

N

–

55

–

8

11

5

22

14

30

15

25

12

20

8

–

–

15

5.9

N

8

25

9

–

6

–

5

–

11

–

11

–

10

–

7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

8

6.2

3.9

4.6

3.9

6

4

6.8

3.8

7

3.8

7

3.8

7

3.3

–

–

7

3.5

7

3.8

2000

200

700

200

1300

140

–

2200

230

2400

250

2400

250

3000

300

–

3000

310

2400

250

(Continued )

*

6.6

*

6.6

*

5.7

*

*

6.6

*

7.1

*

8

*

9.5

8

*

9.5

*

8

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 617

12/11/2007 6:21:17 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 618

Description

PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (GF+MD)40 PA6, (GF+MD)40 PA6, (GF+MD)40 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30

Name and Grade

Ultramid® B3GM35 bk 30564 (dry)

Ultramid® B3GM35 bk 30564 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3GM35 Q224 (dry)

Ultramid® B3GM35 Q611 (dry)

Ultramid® B3GM35 Q611 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3K (dry)

Ultramid® B3K (cond.)

Ultramid® B3L (dry)

Ultramid® B3L (cond.)

Ultramid® B3L Q235 (dry)

Ultramid® B3M6 bk 30564 (dry)

Ultramid® B3M6 bk 30564 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3M6 bk 60564 (dry)

Ultramid® B3M6 LS (dry)

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d) Tensile Modulus (MPa) 4600

4600

1700

4600

2800

900

2800

1000

3000

5000

8000

Yield Stress (MPa)

8000

*

*

*

*

70

35

70

40

85

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%) *

*

*

*

4

18

3.5

20

4.5

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

*

75

75

45

75

*

*

*

*

*

65

120

120

70

Strain at Break (%)

4300

15

15

45

12

*

*

*

*

*

12

3

3

7.5

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 220

N

N

190

N

N

N

N

N

–

50

65

70

150

150

–

100

N

–

N

–

100

–

50

50

–

50

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

50

9

9

18

9

10

N

10

60

5.5

–

8

8

8

6

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2.8

7

–

–

5

–

–

6

–

4

–

6

–

–

4

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

125

3.5

3.5

6.2

3.5

3.5

6.4

3.5

7

3.5

6.2

3.9

3.9

6.2

3.9

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

200

240

2000

200

200

2400

240

3000

230

200

200

200

2000

200

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

*

6.2

6.2

*

6.2

9

*

9

*

9.5

*

6.6

2

*

6.6

Water Absorption (%)

8300

618 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:17 PM

PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6 PA6 PA6, GF20 PA6, GF20 PA6, GF50 PA6, GF50 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30

Ultramid® B3M6 LS (cond.)

Ultramid® B3M6 Q252 (dry)

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 619

Ultramid® B3M6 Q256 (dry)

Ultramid® B3M6 Q94 (dry)

Ultramid® B3M6 Q94 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3S (dry)

Ultramid® B3S (cond.)

Ultramid® B3UG4 (dry)

Ultramid® B3UG4 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3WG10 bk 564 (dry)

Ultramid® B3WG10 bk 564 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3WG5 (dry)

Ultramid® B3WG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3WG6 (dry)

Ultramid® B3WG6 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3WG6 BGVW bk 564 (dry)

Ultramid® B3WG6 BGVW bk 564 (cond.)

Ultramid® B3WG6 GP bk 23210 (dry)

Ultramid® B3WG6 GP bk 23210 (cond.) 5600

9600

5600

9600

6200

9500

5000

8000

11000

16700

3000

6000

1200

3400

1700

4600

4600

4600

1700

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

45

90

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

20

4

*

*

*

*

*

100

180

90

180

115

185

105

160

150

225

50

95

*

*

45

75

75

75

45

7.5

3.5

6

3

8

3.5

8.5

3.5

4.5

2.5

6

3

*

*

45

15

15

15

45

100

95

80

80

110

95

110

80

100

90

110

40

N

250

N

220

N

N

N

–

–

–

65

–

80

–

70

–

88

–

35

–

200

–

150

150

150

–

15

20

12

30

15

25

12

27

19

9

3

50

4

24

9

9

9

24

–

–

–

9

–

11

–

10

–

14

–

3.4

–

3

–

7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.8

3.8

7

3.8

6.1

4.2

–

3.8

7

3.3

6.2

3.5

3.5

3.5

6.2

–

–

–

–

2200

230

2400

250

1400

140

–

150

3000

300

2000

200

200

240

2000

(Continued )

*

6.6

*

6.6

*

6.6

*

7.1

*

4.8

*

6.9

*

9.5

*

6.2

6.2

6.2

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 619

12/11/2007 6:21:17 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 620

1000 3000 1000 10500

PA6, (MD+GF)45 PA6, GF63 PA6, GF63

Ultramid® B5 (cond.)

Ultramid® B5W (dry)

Ultramid® B5W (cond.)

Ultramid® BG40GM45 HS BK-130 (dry)

Ultramid® HMG13 HS BK-102 (dry)

Ultramid® HMG13 HS BK-102 (cond.)

13400

22400

3000

5300

Ultramid® B5 (dry)

PA6, GF30

Ultramid® B3ZG6 (cond.)

9000

1000

PA6, GF30

Ultramid® B3ZG6 (dry)

2900

Ultramid® B4F (cond.)

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B3ZG3 (cond.)

5500

3000

PA6, GF15

Ultramid® B3ZG3 (dry)

–

Ultramid® B4F (dry)

PA6

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Ultramid® B3Z Q263 (dry)

Yield Stress (MPa)

7200

–

*

*

45

90

45

90

45

90

*

*

*

*

45

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PA6, GF35

–

*

*

20

4.5

20

4.5

20

4.5

*

*

*

*

5

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Ultramid® B3WG7 (cond.)

–

245

140

*

*

*

*

*

*

100

150

60

110

*

130

Strain at Break (%) –

2

2

*

*

*

*

*

*

10

3.6

18

4

*

7

–

–

48

N

N

N

N

N

N

110

95

110

75

N

110

100

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3.5

–

–

–

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

90

–

55

–

–

90

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

195

–

–

6

N

9

N

9

N

9

35

20

30

16

13

33

18

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

–

7

–

–

13

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

7

3.5

7

3.5

7

3.5

6.8

3.8

6.2

3.7

–

6.2

3.9

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

11000

–

–

–

3000

230

3000

230

3000

310

2000

200

2000

250

–

1900

210

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6, GF35

Description

–

–

–

*

9.5

*

9.5

*

9.5

*

6.2

*

7.5

–

*

6.2

Water Absorption (%)

Ultramid® B3WG7 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

620 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:17 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 621

PA6, MD40 PA6, MD40 PA6, (MD+GF)40

Ultramid® HPN 9362 (dry)

Ultramid® HPN 9362 (cond.)

Ultramid® SEGM35HI BK-126 (dry)

1950

Rilsan BAZ 8 O TL (cond.)

1250

PA11 PA11, CD10 PA11, CD10 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11

Rilsan BECN O TL (cond.)

Rilsan BESN G9 TL (dry)

Rilsan BESN G9 TL (cond.)

Rilsan BESN O P20 TL (dry)

Rilsan BESN O P20 TL (cond.)

Rilsan BESN O P40 TL (dry)

Rilsan BESN O P40 TL (cond.)

Rilsan BESN O TL (dry)

Rilsan BESN O TL (cond.)

Rilsan BESVO A FDA (dry) 1420

1230

1450

360

330

440

500

2100

2230

1470

Rilsan BECN O TL (dry) PA11

PA11, GF8

2200

8290

2900

4330

1700

Rilsan BAZ 8 O TL (dry) PA11, GF8

PA11/Arkema

PA6

Ultramid® HPN 9350 HS (dry)

41

40

42

25

27

29

32

45

48

41

43

65

68

–

45

65

45

5

8

6

32

30

20

20

7

5

10

5

4

4

–

27

3

4.5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

119

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

2.6

*

*

*

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

N

N

N

–

100

85

–

–

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

N

–

150

140

N

–

100

92

–

–

–

–

–

23

–

N

–

N

–

5

5

14

–

10

11

4

–

6

40

–

13

–

7

–

9

–

5

4

11

–

4

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

–

4

–

–

–

–

–

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

183

–

1040

–

–

–

–

–

166

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

1.9

*

1.9

*

1.6

*

1.8

*

1.7

*

1.9

*

–

5.7

*

4.9

6.8

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 621

12/11/2007 6:21:18 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 622

350 1260 1070 1490

PA11 PA11 PA11

PA11, Molybdenum PA11, Molybdenum PA11, GB30 PA11, GB30 PA11, GF23, CD7 PA11, GF23, CD7 PA11, GF30

Rilsan BMN O P40 D (cond.)

Rilsan BMN O TLD (dry) PA11 PA11

Rilsan BMN O P40 D (dry)

Rilsan BMN O TLD (cond.)

Rilsan BMN Y TLD (dry)

Rilsan BMN Y TLD (cond.)

Rilsan BUM 30 O (dry)

Rilsan BUM 30 O (cond.)

Rilsan BZM 23 G9 (dry)

Rilsan BZM 23 G9 (cond.)

Rilsan BZM 30 O TL (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Rilsan BMN O P20 D (cond.)

5800

4300

4700

1940

2100

1420

405

480

Yield Stress (MPa)

540

*

*

*

39

42

40

46

40

40

25

27

29

31

Yield at Strain (%)

PA11

*

*

*

4

4

18

19

22

21

42

42

30

35

Stress at Break (MPa)

Rilsan BMN O P20 D (dry)

115

108

110

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) 7

5

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

74

78

N

52

–

–

N

–

N

–

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

83

84

73

58

–

–

N

–

N

–

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

13

13

5.1

5

–

–

14

–

N

–

37

19

25

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

6

–

10

10

5

5

–

–

11

–

6

–

7

5

13

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

38

4

–

5

–

–

–

3

–

3

–

4

–

3

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

1230

210

–

208

–

–

–

212

–

262

–

964

–

614

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA11

Description

1.4

*

1.2

*

1.3

*

1.9

*

1.9

*

1.6

*

1.8

*

Water Absorption (%)

Rilsan BESVO A FDA (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

622 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:18 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 623

PA11, GF43, Graphite7 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11

Rilsan BZM 43 G9 (cond.)

Rilsan MB 3000 (dry)

Rilsan MB 3000 (cond.)

Rilsan NAT HP 3504 MB (dry)

Rilsan NAT HP 3504 MB (cond.)

PA12, GD30 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12

Vestamid L1940 nf

Vestamid L2101 F nf (dry)

Vestamid L2101 F nf (cond.)

Vestamid L2106F nf (dry)

Vestamid L2106F nf (cond.)

1100

1300

1100

1400

1350

4000

PA12, GD30

Vestamid L1930 nf

450

4800

PA12

Vestamid L1723 sw (cond.)

480

PA12, GF23

PA12

Vestamid L1723 sw (dry)

1400

5000

PA12

Vestamid L1670 nf

2100

Vestamid L1833 nf (cond.)

PA12

Lauramid B

1900

520

610

1920

2070

Vestamid L1833 nf (dry) PA12, GF23

PA12

Lauramid A

PA12/Degussa

9000

PA11, GF43, Graphite7

Rilsan BZM 43 G9 (dry) 8300

5300

PA11, GF30

Rilsan BZM 30 O TL (cond.)

36

45

38

45

45

69

95

110

28

30

46

60

56

30

32

48

51

*

*

*

11

5

10

5

5

4

5

4.5

26

27

6

8

9

33

32

5

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

143

146

112

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

4

4

8

N

N

N

N

N

70

70

90

N

N

N

180

N

N

N

N

–

74

67

86

N

N

N

N

N

65

75

95

N

N

N

85

N

N

N

–

8.5

73

75

84

12

7

51

32

6

10

23

25

41

24

4

6

25

N

55

5

4

12

12

21

10

7

9

9

9

11

17

16

5

5

5

4

13

10

7

5

4

10

10

12

3.1

3

3.3

3

2.5

3.4

4

3.4

4.7

3.7

2.2

–

–

*

–

*

2

–

–

–

600

280

500

280

310

240

450

260

1700

1200

280

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

*

1.8

*

1.6

1.5

1.1

*

1.2

*

*

1.4

1.4

1.4

–

–

–

–

*

1.1

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 623

12/11/2007 6:21:18 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 624

700 490 420 550 370 370

400 400 350

PA12

Vestamid L2122 nf (dry) PA12 PA12 PA12

PA12 PA12

PA12 PA12

Vestamid L2123 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L2123 sw 9.7507 (dry)

Vestamid L2123 sw 9.7507 (cond.)

Vestamid L2124 nf (dry) PA12 PA12

Vestamid L2122 sw 9.7507

Vestamid L2123 nf (dry) PA12 PA12

Vestamid L2122 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L2124 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L2124 sw 9.7507 (dry)

Vestamid L2124 sw 9.7507 (cond.)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Vestamid L2121 sw 9.7507 (cond.)

420

400

370

Yield Stress (MPa)

700

27

24

22

24

25

24

22

24

31

24

30

33

35

Yield at Strain (%)

PA12

29

31

27

31

30

32

31

32

27

25

26

21

20

Stress at Break (MPa)

Vestamid L2121 sw 9.7507 (dry)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

55

N

68

N

40

40

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

20

7

6

6

6

8

13

8

13

6

7

6

6

7

7

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

35

4.1

3.8

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.6

4

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

700

1900

1500

2000

1500

1100

1100

1100

1100

1000

1400

1000

550

550

550

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA12

Description

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Water Absorption (%)

Vestamid L2121 nf

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

624 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:18 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 625

220

PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12, CD22 PA12, CD22 PA12, CF15 PA12, CB30 PA12, CB30 PA12, GF15 PA12, GF30 PA12, GF30 PA12 PA12, GF25 PA12

Vestamid L2128 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L2140 nf

Vestamid L2140 sw 9.7504 (dry)

Vestamid L2140 sw 9.7504 (cond.)

Vestamid L2141 sw 9.7504 (dry)

Vestamid L2141 sw 9.7504 (cond.)

Vestamid L-CD22-M sw (dry)

Vestamid L-CD22-M sw (cond.)

Vestamid L-CF15 sw (dry)

Vestamid L-GB30 nf (dry)

Vestamid L-GB30 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L-GF15 nf (dry)

Vestamid L-GF30 nf (dry)

Vestamid L-GF30 nf (cond.)

Vestamid L-R1-MHI sw

Vestamid L-R2-GF25 sw

Vestamid L-R3-EI sw (dry) 1500

6500

1600

5500

6500

3900

1800

2000

7500

2800

2900

1300

1500

1300

1500

1200

230

Vestamid L2128 nf (dry) PA12

42

*

37

110

130

100

37

47

120

45

45

42

46

41

48

38

15

18

9

*

5

5

4.5

5

5

5

6

6

5

12

5

13

5

11

35

45

*

120

*

*

*

*

“

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

4.5

*

“

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

75

N

75

85

75

N

N

65

37

34

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

70

80

95

100

80

N

N

70

40

34

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

21

12

60

24

23

17

6

6

20

6

6

12

10

12

11

55

N

N

9

11

8

22

21

11

6

6

12

5

6

8

8

10

7

10

7

6

*

*

–

4

3.4

3.4

4

3.5

*

5.1

5

3.5

4

3.3

3

3.4

4

3.8

*

*

–

400

330

260

370

230

*

550

330

500

1100

500

260

500

2800

2400

(Continued )

1.2

1.2

–

*

1

1.3

*

1.1

1.3

*

1.2

*

1.5

*

1.5

1.6

*

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 625

12/11/2007 6:21:18 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 626

PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12

Vestamid L-R4-MHI sw

Vestamid L-R7-MHI sw (dry)

Vestamid L-R7-MHI sw (cond.)

Vestamid L-R9-MHI sw

Vestamid LX9013nf

Vestamid X7166 nf

Vestamid X7167 nf

Vestamid X7229 nf

Vestamid X7293 nf

Vestamid X7293 sw

Vestamid X7373 nf PA12 PA12, CD25

Grilamid L 16 LM

Grilamid L 20 EC

PA12/EMS-Grivory

PA12

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Vestamid L-R3-MHI sw

1900

1100

1500

400

400

1000

1700

1800

400

1400

1200

1400

1250

1600

Yield Stress (MPa)

750

50

45

47

27

27

36

48

47

*

37

34

36

36

38

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PA12

10

15

5

32

32

17

5

5

*

6

10

6

8

5

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Vestamid L-R3-EP sw (cond.)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

>50

*

*

*

*

*

>50

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

65

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

>50

50

N

N

N

N

N

N

80

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

2

7

6

N

N

11

9

3

140P

60

34

60

55

55

21

38

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

2

6

6

7

7

5

6

5

7

12

8

12

12

15

5

4

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

*

3

3.8

4.6

4.6

5

3.6

3.6

–

–

*

*

–

*

*

*

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

800

*

400

520

1900

1900

1700

380

340

–

–

*

*

–

*

*

*

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA12

Description

1.1

1.5

1.5

*

*

–

1.5

1.3

–

–

*

1.5

–

1.5

*

*

Water Absorption (%)

Vestamid L-R3-EP sw (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

626 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:19 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 627

PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12, CF30 PA12, CB30 PA12, CB50 PA12, GF23 PA12, GF23 PA12, GF25 PA12, GF20 PA12, GF20 PA12, GF30 PA12, GF30

Grilamid L 20 H FR

Grilamid L 20 HL black 9563

Grilamid L 20 L

Grilamid L 20 LF grey

Grilamid L 20 LM

Grilamid L 20 W 20

Grilamid L 25

Grilamid L 25 NZ ESD

Grilamid L 25 W 20 X

Grilamid L 25 W 20 Y

Grilamid L 25 W 40

Grilamid L 25 W 40 ESD

Grilamid L 25 W 40 X

Grilamid L 25 Z

Grilamid L 25A H

Grilamid L 25A NZ

Grilamid LC-3H

Grilamid LKN-3H

Grilamid LKN-5H

Grilamid LV-23 ESD

Grilamid LV-23H

Grilamid LV-25 HM

Grilamid LV-2A NZ

Grilamid LV-2H

Grilamid LV-3A H

Grilamid LV-3H

Stanyl® 46HF4130 (dry) PA46, GF30

PA46/DSM

PA12

Grilamid L 20 G

10000

6000

6000

4400

3500

5400

5000

5000

2300

1600

12000

750

1100

900

360

350

400

450

450

1000

1100

500

1100

2000

1100

1100

1500

1100

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

45

45

*

30

40

35

25

25

25

30

30

35

40

30

40

45

40

40

40

40

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

7

10

*

15

12

12

20

20

20

25

20

12

12

20

12

12

12

12

10

12

210

105

105

90

80

70

100

95

*

*

140

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3

8

8

10

15

5

15

5

*

*

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

80

80

70

N

30

80

70

N

N

60

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

60

80

80

70

N

30

85

40

65

45

60

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

13

20

20

20

30

10

20

8

5

5

13

100

10

55

N

N

N

N

N

80

10

40

4

4

7

7

7

7

12

15

15

15

20

8

12

6

4

3

8

75

7

13

13

9

4

7

6

20

7

3

3

3

6

6

6

6

–

3

–

3

–

–

3

*

3

3

*

3

3

3

4

*

4

4

4

*

3

3

3

4

3

3

2

3

–

300

–

300

–

–

300

*

300

300

*

300

300

350

1300

*

1300

1300

900

*

300

850

300

400

400

400

250

300

(Continued )

9.5

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1

0.8

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.1

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 627

12/11/2007 6:21:19 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 628

12000 15000 12000 16000 18000 15000

Stanyl® 46HF5030 (dry) PA46, GF30

Stanyl® 46HF5040 (dry) PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40

PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF15 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30

Stanyl® 46HF5041LW (dry)

Stanyl® 46HF5050 (dry) PA46, GF50 PA46, GF50

Stanyl® 46HF5040 (cond.)

Stanyl® 46HF5050 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE200F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TE200F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE200F8 (dry)

Stanyl® TE200F8 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE250F3 (dry)

Stanyl® TE250F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TE250F6 (cond.)

8000

12000

8000

8000

13000

6000

10000

6000

PA46, GF40

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Stanyl® 46HF4530 (cond.)

Yield Stress (MPa) *

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

*

*

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

10000

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

*

*

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Stanyl® 46HF4530 (dry) PA46, GF40

125

180

140

140

230

115

210

135

200

150

130

190

170

115

210

Strain at Break (%) 3.5

2.5

3

6

3

7

4

2.3

1.5

1.3

2.5

1.7

1.9

6

3

60

50

–

95

85

90

80

–

50

25

70

60

40

90

60

90

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

6

50

50

–

75

75

70

70

–

–

–

–

–

*

60

60

60

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

115

11

10

6

22

14

19

12

19

17

8

14

12

13

17

13

17

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

9

9

–

11

11

10

10

–

–

–

12

12

12

12

12

12

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

4.5

4

–

4.6

4

4.6

4

–

4

–

–

4

*

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

6000

700

160

–

900

230

900

230

–

0.016

–

–

0.016

*

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA46, GF30

Description

*

5.9

–

*

8

*

9.5

*

3.9

–

*

4.5

–

*

9.5

*

Water Absorption (%)

Stanyl® 46HF4130 (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

628 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:19 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 629

12000 –

PA46, GF45 PA46, GF45 PA46, Imod, GF30 PA46, Imod, GF30 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF20 PA46, GF20 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40

Stanyl® TE250F9 (dry)

Stanyl® TE250F9 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE263F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TE263F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE300 (dry)

Stanyl® TE300 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE351 (dry)

Stanyl® TE351 (cond.)

Stanyl® TE373 (dry)

Stanyl® TE373 (cond.)

Stanyl® TS200F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TS200F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TS250F4D (dry)

Stanyl® TS250F4D (cond.)

Stanyl® TS250F6D (dry)

Stanyl® TS250F6D (cond.)

Stanyl® TS250F8 (dry)

Stanyl® TS250F8 (cond.)

Stanyl® TS256F8 (dry)

Stanyl® TS256F8 (cond.)

11000

14000

12000

15000

8000

12000

6000

9200

6000

10000

1000

2800

1200

3000

1000

3300

–

17000

12000

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® TE250F8 (cond.)

15000

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® TE250F8 (dry)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

85

45

60

55

100

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

10

15

4

20

10

–

–

*

*

*

*

145

180

140

195

125

180

100

150

115

210

–

–

–

–

–

–

85

140

130

200

130

180

2

1.5

2.6

2

3.5

2.5

4

2

7

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

5

3

2

2.5

1.9

–

–

–

–

60

50

–

–

90

80

–

–

–

–

N

N

–

–

75

65

70

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

70

70

–

–

–

–

N

N

–

–

50

50

50

50

10

8

12

10

11

10

10

8

19

12

–

7

14

9

45

12

–

–

15

13

14

12

8

8

10

10

9

9

8

8

10

10

–

4

–

–

12

9

–

–

13

13

12

12

–

–

4.5

4

4.5

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.3

3.6

–

–

4.5

4

4.5

4

–

–

700

160

700

160

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1000

260

–

–

700

160

700

160

(Continued )

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

9.5

*

12.4

*

–

*

13.5

*

–

*

4.5

*

4.5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 629

12/11/2007 6:21:19 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 630

3200 13000

PA46, GF15 PA46, GF15 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, (GF+MD)30 PA46, (GF+MD)30

Stanyl® TW200F3 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW200F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TW200F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW200F8 (dry)

Stanyl® TW200F8 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW200FM33 (dry)

Stanyl® TW200FM33 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW241 B3 (dry) PA46, CF15

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Stanyl® TW200F3 (dry)

12000 6100

PA46, GF60

Stanyl® TW241 F12 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW241 F3 (dry) PA46, GF15

20000

PA46, GF60

Stanyl® TW241 F12 (dry)

–

PA46, CF15

Stanyl® TW241 B3 (cond.)

7800

8000

13000

6000

10000

2800

6100

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PA46, CF30

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Stanyl® TW200B6 (cond.)

140

170

255

110

185

70

140

140

230

115

210

70

140

150

Strain at Break (%) 4

3

2

4

2

6

3

6

3

7

4

8

4

4

50

100

90

–

–

–

–

95

85

100

80

100

50

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2

45

80

80

–

–

–

–

75

75

80

65

50

45

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

240

6

20

19

–

5

–

4

22

14

21

12

13

6

13

7

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

5.5

19

19

–

–

4

4

11

11

10

10

5.5

5.5

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.7

4

4.7

4

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

24000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1000

200

1000

200

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA46, CF30

Description

11.5

*

5.5

*

11.5

*

9.5

*

8

*

9.5

*

11.5

*

9.5

Water Absorption (%)

Stanyl® TW200B6 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

630 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 631

10000 6000 13000 8000

8000 9000 6000

Stanyl® TW241 F6 (dry) PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30

Stanyl® TW241 F8 (dry) PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF50 PA46, GF50 PA46, (GF+MF)50 PA46, (GF+MF)50 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30

PA46, CF15 PA46, CF15 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46

Stanyl® TW241 F8 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW241F10 (dry)

Stanyl® TW241F10 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW242FM10 (dry)

Stanyl® TW242FM10 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW250F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TW250F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW271 F6 (dry) PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30

Stanyl® TW241 F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW271 F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW271B3 (dry)

Stanyl® TW271B3 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW275F6 (dry)

Stanyl® TW275F6 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW341 (dry)

Stanyl® TW341 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW341 B (dry)

Stanyl® TW341 B (cond.)

1000

3300

1000

3300

–

–

–

12500

12000

–

14500

10000

16000

2800

PA46, GF15

Stanyl® TW241 F3 (cond.)

55

100

55

100

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

20

10

20

10

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

115

205

110

185

110

190

125

180

–

160

160

250

140

230

115

210

70

–

–

–

–

7

3.5

4

2

7

3.7

3.5

2.5

–

2

5

2.7

6

3

7

4

8

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

50

–

–

100

90

95

85

100

80

100

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

50

–

–

80

80

75

75

80

65

50

35

10

45

12

–

–

–

6

15

13

11

10

–

6

24

16

22

14

21

12

13

–

–

12

9

–

–

–

–

11

11

9

9

–

4.5

12

12

11

11

10

10

5.5

–

–

4.5

3.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.7

4

–

–

4.7

4

4.7

4

4.7

4

–

–

–

1200

260

–

–

–

–

–

–

800

180

–

–

1000

200

1000

200

1000

200

–

(Continued )

*

13.5

*

13.5

*

9

*

9.5

*

7.4

*

5.9

*

6.75

*

6.75

*

8

*

9.5

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 631

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 632

PA46, Imod PA46 PA46

Stanyl® TW363 (cond.)

Stanyl® TW371 (dry)

Stanyl® TW371 (cond.)

4000 9600

Minlon® 10B140 NC010 PA66, MD40 (cond.) PA66, MD40 PA66, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, (MD+GF)38 PA66, (MD+GF)38

Minlon® 10B40 NC010 (dry)

Minlon® 10B40 NC010 (cond.)

Minlon® 11C140 NC010 (dry)

Minlon® 11C140 NC010 (cond.)

Minlon® 22C NC010 (dry)

Minlon® 22C NC010 (cond.)

5300

7500

2500

5800

5400

6500

1000

2900

600

1850

Minlon® 10B140 NC010 PA66, MD40 (dry)

PA66/DuPont

PA46, Imod

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Stanyl® TW363 (dry)

Yield Stress (MPa)

1000

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

“

50

90

45

60

55

Yield at Strain (%)

PA46

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

*

15

10

25

20

20

Stress at Break (MPa)

Stanyl® TW341-N (cond.)

82

130

60

89

58

92

60

89

*

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) 10

3.5

24

10

8

2.5

9

4

*

*

–

–

–

45

50

N

130

40

25

60

40

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

40

80

80

–

18

25

25

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

4

4

9

6.5

2

3

4

3.5

30

5

130

75

45

12

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

10

4

3

4

5

2

2

2

3.5

–

–

30

26

12

9

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

100

–

–

4.5

3.6

–

–

4.5

3.9

–

–

4

3.2

4.5

3.6

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

3300

500

100

750

240

–

200

550

230

–

–

1000

190

1200

260

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA46

Description

*

5.4

*

5.7

*

0.45

*

5

*

11.4

*

11

*

13.5

Water Absorption (%)

Stanyl® TW341-N (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

632 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 633

PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66

Zytel® 101F NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 101F NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 101L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 101L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 103FHS NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 103FHS NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 103HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 103HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 132F NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 132F NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 135F NC010 (dry) 3600

1600

3400

1500

3100

1500

3100

1400

3100

1500

3100

1400

1800

PA66

PA66, Imod, MD15

Minlon® EFE6096 GY090A (cond.)

3800

Zytel® 101 NC001 (cond.)

PA66, Imod, MD15

Minlon® EFE6096 GY090A (dry)

6500

3100

PA66, (MD+GF)40

Minlon® EFE6053 BK413 (cond.)

10000

Zytel® 101 NC001 (dry) PA66

PA66, (MD+GF)40

Minlon® EFE6053 BK413 (dry)

98

60

91

54

85

54

85

53

82

53

82

53

82

*

*

*

*

4.5

18

4.4

25

4.5

25

4.5

25

4.5

25

4.5

25

4.5

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

76

95

160

*

–

–

*

*

–

–

“

*

*

*

*

*

>50

21

4.6

2.3

N

–

300

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

100

50

45

N

–

200

N

400

N

350

N

400

N

400

N

400

–

6

40

40

4

8

4

14

5

14

5.5

15

5.5

15

6

15

5.5

15

7.5

6.5

4.5

3

2.5

3

4

4.5

4

5

4

4.5

4

5

3

4.5

–

–

4

4

3.8

–

–

4

3.5

–

–

4

3.5

4.6

3.5

–

–

–

–

5

4.8

200

–

–

700

165

–

–

750

180

1000

180

–

–

550

230

700

130

(Continued )

8.5

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

7.7

*

5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 633

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 634

1100 3100 1200

PA66

Zytel® 42A NC010 (dry) PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30

Zytel® 42A NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 45HSB NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G13HS1L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G13HS1L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G13L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G13L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G25HSLR NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G25HSLR NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G30HSLR NC010 (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® 145 BK010 (cond.)

10000

6100

8400

3500

5500

3500

5500

3100

Yield Stress (MPa)

3100

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

83

52

83

50

79

Yield at Strain (%)

PA66

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

4

27

4.4

26

4

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® 145 BK010 (dry)

200

115

188

75

120

75

120

–

*

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) 3.4

5

3

13

2.9

13

2.9

–

*

*

*

*

70

80

60

70

40

70

32

–

N

N

–

–

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

70

45

60

30

40

30

30

–

N

N

–

–

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

12

11

10

6

5

6

4.5

6

20

6

28

6

9

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

18

10

7

7

4

4.5

4

–

5.5

4

6

–

–

3

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

69

4.1

–

–

–

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

3.9

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2100

150

–

–

–

150

2400

70

–

750

150

–

95

600

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA66

Description

6

*

6.4

*

7.6

*

7.6

–

*

8.5

*

–

*

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® 135F NC010 (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

634 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF33 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35

Zytel® 70G30HSLR NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G30HSR2 BK309 (dry)

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 635

Zytel® 70G30HSR2 BK309 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G30L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G30L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G33GRA BK350 (dry)

Zytel® 70G33GRA BK350 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G33HS1L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G33HS1L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G33L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G33L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G35HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 70G35HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4 BK267 (dry)

Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4 BK267 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G35HSLX BK357 (dry)

Zytel® 70G35HSLX BK357 (cond.)

8500

11000

7500

11200

8500

11000

8000

10500

8000

11000

8500

12500

7000

9800

7200

10000

7000

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

130

200

140

210

140

210

140

200

140

200

135

190

130

195

130

200

130

4

3

5

3

4.6

3.2

5

3.5

5

3.5

4

2.5

5

3.5

5

3.3

5

90

90

95

80

100

90

100

85

100

90

9

80

9

80

9

75

90

7

80

75

80

80

80

75

70

80

70

–

–

–

–

–

–

70

–

13

18

15

18

15

17

13

17

12

16

12

15

13

15

12

16

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

4.7

4.1

–

–

–

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.6

–

–

–

–

620

140

–

150

–

150

–

132

–

160

–

–

650

(Continued )

*

5.5

*

5.5

*

5.5

*

5.7

*

5.7

*

0.7

*

6.9

*

–

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 635

12/11/2007 6:21:20 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 636

PA66, GF43 PA66, GF43 PA66, GF60 PA66, GF60 PA66, RF20 PA66, RF20 PA66+PA6, GF20 PA66+PA6, GF20 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66, GF40

Zytel® 70G43L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 70G60HSL BK359 (dry)

Zytel® 70G60HSL BK359 (cond.)

Zytel® 70K20HSL BK284 (dry)

Zytel® 70K20HSL BK284 (cond.)

Zytel® 74G20HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 74G20HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 74G30L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 74G30L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 75LG40HSL BK031 (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® 70G43L NC010 (dry)

13000

5500

10000

4500

7500

3500

5500

15000

20000

11000

14000

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PA66, GF43

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® 70G43HSLA BK099 (cond.)

240

110

180

90

150

85

110

180

230

160

220

–

Strain at Break (%) 2.3

6

3

8

2.8

7.2

5

2.1

1.6

4

3

–

70

–

90

80

45

70

50

80

70

110

100

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3

65

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

60

80

90

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

220

35

–

12

11

6

9

6

12

11

18

15

*

15

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

35

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

12

12

12

*

*

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.9

4.1

*

*

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

–

250

–

–

–

140

–

300

600

145

–

150

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA66, GF43

Description

–

*

–

*

9

*

–

*

3.4

*

4.7

*

7.6

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® 70G43HSLA BK099 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

636 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 637

PA66, GF50

Zytel® 75LG50HSL BK031 (cond.)

PA66, GF60

Zytel® 75LG60HSL BK031 (cond.)

PA66, Imod, GF14 PA66, Imod, GF14 PA66, Imod, GF14 PA66, Imod, GF25 PA66, Imod, GF25 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66, Imod, GF33

Zytel® 80G14A NC010A (dry)

Zytel® 80G14AHS NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 80G14AHS NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 80G25HS NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 80G25HS NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 80G33HS1L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 80G33HS1L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 80G33L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 80G33L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 75LG60L NC010 PA66, GF60 (dry)

22000

PA66, GF60

Zytel® 75LG60HSL BK031 (dry)

6000

8500

5800

8500

4500

7000

3300

5100

–

22000

–

16500

Zytel® 75LG50L NC010 PA66, GF50 (dry)

–

17000

PA66, GF50

Zytel® 75LG50HSL BK031 (dry)

– 12500

PA66, GF40

Zytel® 75LG40L NC010 PA66, GF40 (dry)

Zytel® 75LG40HSL BK031 (cond.)

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

*

–

–

*

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

*

–

–

*

–

95

140

95

140

80

110

69

105

–

250

–

–

260

–

–

240

–

5

3.5

5

3.5

8

4

11

4

–

1.4

–

–

1.9

–

–

2.3

–

80

80

80

90

80

80

74

73

–

100

110

110

95

110

95

80

90

80

80

80

100

90

90

–

–

–

–

95

100

–

87

80

–

70

22

20

22

20

24

23

20

19

–

55

62

60

50

53

50

40

38

14

14

14

16

13

14

8

9

–

–

62

60

–

53

50

–

38

–

–

4.3

3.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

600

130

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

300

–

(Continued )

*

–

*

4.5

*

5.8

–

–

6.2

*

–

–

*

7.6

9

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 637

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 638

1200 3000

Zytel® E51 HSB NC010 PA66 (cond.) PA66 PA66 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66, GF26 PA66+PA6, GF35 PA66 PA66

Zytel® EFE1068 NC010T (dry)

Zytel® EFE1068 NC010T (cond.)

Zytel® EFE8089B BK416 (dry)

Zytel® EFE8089B BK416 (cond.)

Zytel® FE5480HS BK32N (dry)

Zytel® FE5555 BK538 (dry)

Zytel® FN714 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® FN714 NC010 (cond.)

240

550

11000

9300

6000

8900

1500

3100

1120

Zytel® E51 HSB NC010 PA66 (dry)

PA66, Imod

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® CFE8005HS BK010 (cond.)

Yield Stress (MPa)

2000

*

*

–

–

*

*

59

85

55

84

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PA66, Imod

–

–

–

–

*

*

25

4.5

29

4.3

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® CFE8005HS BK010 (dry)

–

–

195

172

104

143

*

*

*

*

–

–

Strain at Break (%) >50

>50

2.8

2.5

8.5

4.5

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

98

100

N

N

–

N

–

–

90

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

10

8.5

28

27

12

5

21

7

–

–

23

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.5

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

11700

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

100

–

–

200

150

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA66, Imod, GF43

Description

*

6.5

–

–

*

–

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

1.8

4.9

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® 80G43HS1L BK104 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

638 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 639

PA66 PA66, GF25 PA66 PA66 PA66, MD30 PA66, MD30 PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, GF30, PTFE15

Zytel® FN718 NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® FR50 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® FR7026V0F NC010 (dry)

Zytel® FR7026V0F NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® FR70M30V0 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® FR70M30V0 NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® MT409AHS NC010 (dry)

Zytel® MT409AHS NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® ST801A NC010 (dry)

Zytel® ST801A NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® ST801AHS NC010 (dry)

Zytel® ST801AHS NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® ST801AW NC010 (dry)

Zytel® ST801AW NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® WRF403 NC010 (dry)

Capron® AG40C (dry)

PA66/BASF

PA66

Zytel® FN718 NC010 (dry)

3700

10300

1200

1700

–

2000

907

2000

1000

2500

4500

8500

1800

3600

10000

420

960

92

*

*

*

43

50

43

48

41

62

*

*

–

60

–

–

*

5

*

*

*

37

5.7

11

5.8

30

4.4

*

*

–

21

–

–

*

*

185

*

–

–

–

*

*

–

–

54

73

–

*

180

–

–

*

2.8

>50

>50

–

–

*

*

–

–

6

2

–

*

2.6

>50

>50

N

80

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

24

21

N

N

40

–

–

–

–

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

19

21

N

400

–

–

–

4

11

–

83

–

–

–

–

19

3

2.5

7

4

11

–

130

–

–

–

23

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

2

2

3

–

–

–

–

–

3.5

3.2

3.6

3.3

–

–

3.7

3.4

4.2

3.7

–

–

3.8

–

–

–

–

380

110

400

110

380

50

440

120

500

140

–

–

180

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

*

6.7

–

–

–

4.9

–

4

*

8

–

*

6.4

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 639

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 640

8500 11500 8600

PA66, GF50 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35

PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30

Ultramid® A3EG10 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3EG5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3EG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3EG6 (dry)

Ultramid® A3EG6 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3EG7 (dry)

Ultramid® A3EG7 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3EG7 Q206 PA66, GF35 (dry) PA66, GF25

Ultramid® A3EG10 (dry)

Ultramid® A3HG5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3HG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3HG6 HR bk 23591 (dry)

10000

6500

11500

7200

10000

6500

8600

12500

16800

1600

PA66

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Ultramid® A3 (cond.)

Yield Stress (MPa) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

60

80

Yield at Strain (%)

3100

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

20

4

Stress at Break (MPa)

PA66

190

120

170

210

150

210

130

190

120

175

180

240

*

*

Strain at Break (%)

Ultramid® A3 (dry)

3.2

6

3

3

5

3

5

3

6

3

3.5

2.5

*

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 80

90

65

95

110

95

100

85

90

65

100

95

–

–

45

65

–

55

75

–

75

–

70

–

55

–

90

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

11

18

12

14

22

14

22

13

18

12

25

18

–

–

7

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

9

–

9

–

–

12

–

11

–

9

–

13

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

3.5

5.5

3.5

3.5

5.7

3.5

5.6

3.5

5.5

3.5

6.6

3.8

5

3.6

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

1600

140

200

1500

200

1600

140

1600

140

1700

150

2000

260

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

9600

Description

5.5

*

6

5

*

5

*

5.5

*

6

*

4

*

8.5

–

Water Absorption (%)

Capron® AG50G6 HS BK0100 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

640 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 641

3500 1600 3500

PA66, GF35 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66

PA66 PA66 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF15 PA66, GF15 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, (GF+MD)40

Ultramid® A3K (dry)

Ultramid® A3K (cond.)

Ultramid® A3K Q202 (dry)

Ultramid® A3SK (dry)

Ultramid® A3SK (cond.) PA66 PA66

Ultramid® A3HG7 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3SK Q202 (dry)

Ultramid® A3W (dry)

Ultramid® A3W (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WG10 (dry)

Ultramid® A3WG10 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WG3 (dry)

Ultramid® A3WG3 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WG5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3WG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WG6 (dry)

Ultramid® A3WG6 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WG7 (dry)

Ultramid® A3WG7 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3WGM53 bk 20560 (dry)

12100

8500

11500

7200

10000

6500

8600

4500

6000

12500

16800

1100

3000

3000

1100

3100

8500

11200

PA66, GF35

Ultramid® A3HG7 (dry)

6800

PA66, GF30

Ultramid® A3HG6 HR bk 23591 (cond.)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

50

85

95

60

95

85

50

85

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

20

4.4

4

20

4.3

5

20

5

*

*

*

160

150

210

130

190

120

180

85

130

180

240

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

150

200

120

2.3

5

3

5

3

6

3

10

3

3.5

2.5

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

5

3

5.4

55

110

95

100

85

90

65

70

45

100

95

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

110

95

90

50

–

75

–

70

–

55

–

43

–

90

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

N

–

75

–

8

2

14

2

13

1

12

11

8

2

18

2

6

4

1

4

5.5

20

5

22

13

1

6.7

–

12

–

10

–

9

7

–

13

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

4

–

12

–

4

5.7

3.5

5.6

3.5

5.5

3.5

5.5

3.5

6.6

3.8

5

3.2

3.2

5

3.2

3.2

5

3.2

5.7

3.5

5.6

200

3000

200

3000

140

3000

140

3000

140

3000

150

2000

250

250

2000

250

50

2000

250

1500

200

3000

(Continued )

5.1

*

5

*

5.5

*

6

*

7

*

4

*

8.5

8.5

*

8.5

8.5

*

8.5

*

5

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 641

12/11/2007 6:21:21 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 642

PA66, GF50 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66 PA66

Ultramid® A3X2G5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3X2G5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3X2G7 (dry)

Ultramid® A3X2G7 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3X3G5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3X3G5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3XZG5 (dry)

Ultramid® A3XZG5 (cond.)

Ultramid® A3Z (dry)

Ultramid® A3Z (cond.)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Ultramid® A3X2G10 (cond.)

850

1900

4500

6500

6000

8500

8500

11000

6000

8000

12000

Yield Stress (MPa)

16000

40

48

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PA66, GF50

18

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Ultramid® A3X2G10 (dry)

*

*

70

105

100

140

120

160

100

140

130

180

Strain at Break (%) *

*

11

6

4.5

3

4

3

4.5

3

3

2

N

N

100

90

75

70

70

70

70

65

55

55

62

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

6

–

–

–

85

–

65

–

65

65

60

–

50

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

80

N

N

30

25

18

13

18

14

17

13

1

13

16

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

31

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

11

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

3.6

3.1

4

3.8

5

3.7

5

3.6

5

3.7

5

3.6

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

6100

700

160

300

200

1000

200

2000

200

1000

200

200

200

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA66, (GF+MD)40

Description

*

7.2

*

5

*

6

*

4.7

*

6

*

4

*

Water Absorption (%)

Ultramid® A3WGM53 bk 20560 (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

642 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:22 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 643

PA66, GF30 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66

Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk 20591 (cond.)

Ultramid® A4 (dry)

Ultramid® A4 (cond.)

Ultramid® A4H (dry)

Ultramid® A4H (cond.)

PA610 PA610 PA610 PA610

Amilan® CM2001 (cond)

Amilan® CM2006 (dry)

Amilan® CM2006 (cond)

Amilan® CM2401

2400 1500

PA612 PA612 PA612 PA612

Zytel® 153HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 153HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 157HSL BK010 (dry)

Zytel® 157HSL BK010 (cond.)

Zytel® 158 NC010 (dry) PA612

Zytel® 158 NC010 (cond.) PA612

1500

PA612

Zytel® 151 L NC010 (cond.)

2500

1600

2400

1700

PA612

2400

–

–

–

–

–

1200

3100

1600

3200

6000

8500

Zytel® 151 L NC010 (dry)

PA612/DuPont

PA610

Amilan® CM2001 (dry)

PA610/Toray Resin Company

PA66, GF30

Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk 20591 (dry)

52

62

53

65

50

60

54

62

60

–

60

40

55

50

85

60

80

*

*

19

4.3

18

4.4

19

4.4

18

4.5

50

–

50

50

–

20

4.2

20

4.2

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

100

140

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

>50

50

50.0

>50

50

*

*

*

*

6

3.5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

95

90

N

N

–

–

N

N

40

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

85

8

4.2

7

4

7

4

4

3.5

–

–

40

–

40

25

5.7

–

–

26

19

4

4.2

–

–

4

5

3

3.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

10

4

3.2

–

–

3.4

3.2

4

3.2

–

–

–

–

3.1

5

3.2

5

3.2

5.5

3.5

1000

165

–

–

400

160

400

160

–

–

–

–

0.02

2000

250

2000

260

1600

140

(Continued )

*

3

*

–

*

3

*

3

–

–

4

–

4

*

8.5

*

8.5

*

5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 643

12/11/2007 6:21:22 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 644

PA612, Imod PA612, GF33 PA612, GF33 PA612, GF43 PA612, GF43

Zytel® 350PHS2 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 77G33L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 77G33L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® 77G43L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® 77G43L NC010 (cond.) PA666 PA666 PA666 PA666 PA666 PA666

Ultramid® 1C (dry)

Ultramid® 1C (cond.)

Ultramid® C35 (dry)

Ultramid® C35 (cond.)

Ultramid® C3U (dry)

Ultramid® C3U (cond.)

PA666/ASF

2400

PA612

1500

3500

1000

2200

1400

2400

12000

12000

8000

9500

800

2400

Zytel® 159L NC010 (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® 159 NC010 (dry) PA612

Yield Stress (MPa)

1500

45

75

45

80

48

80

*

*

*

*

–

62

62

52

Yield at Strain (%)

PA612

20

4

20

5

–

5

*

*

*

*

–

4.5

4.5

19

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® 158L NC010 (cond.)

*

*

*

*

–

–

170

190

140

170

–

*

*

*

Strain at Break (%) *

*

*

*

–

–

5

2.8

3

3

–

*

*

*

N

80

–

–

N

140

–

100

70

70

–

–

–

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

200

–

90

40

60

–

–

–

–

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

35

6

–

–

8.5

7.5

–

15

12

12

70

5

5

6

4

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

4.5

–

4

–

–

–

8

–

15

10

10

–

–

–

4

5

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

62

6

3.6

–

3.7

–

–

–

3.6

–

3.8

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2400

3000

200

–

300

–

–

–

200

–

150

–

–

–

–

160

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA612

Description

*

8.5

*

10

*

–

*

1.7

*

1.8

–

–

–

*

0.02

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® 158L NC010 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

644 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:22 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 645

PA6T/XT, GF45 PA6T/XT, GF45 PA6T/XT, GF45

PA6T/XT, GF45 PA6T/XT, Imod, (GF+MD)60

Zytel® HTN51G45HSL NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTN51G45HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® HTN51G45HSLR BK420 (dry)

Zytel® HTN51G45HSLR BK420 (cond.)

Zytel® HTN51GM60THS BK083 (dry)

Zytel® HTN51LG50HSL PA6T/XT, GF50 BK083 (dry)

PA6T/66, GF35

PA6T/XT, GF35

Zytel® HTN51G35HSLR BK420 (cond.)

Zytel® HTN52G45HSL NC010 (dry)

PA6T/XT, GF35

Zytel® HTN51G35HSLR BK420 (dry)

PA6T/66, GF35

18000

PA6T/XT, GF35

Zytel® HTN51G35HSL NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® HTN52G35HSL NC010 (dry)

17000

PA6T/XT, GF35

Zytel® HTN51G35HSL NC010 (dry)

16000

–

–

–

15000

15000

12500

12500

12000

12000

–

PA6T/XT, GF25

Zytel® HTN51G25HSL BK083 (cond.)

9100

PA6T/XT, GF25

Zytel® HTN51G25HSL BK083 (dry)

PPA/DuPont

–

–

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

250

–

–

235

230

240

210

220

210

220

–

170

–

–

1.5

–

–

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.1

2.4

–

2.2

60

–

70

–

–

74

80

90

44

65

60

70

47

47

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

60

47

–

–

50

–

–

9.2

11

11

11

12

11

12

7

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12

–

–

–

11

–

8.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.5

–

–

–

4

–

–

140

–

8400

–

700

200

–

180

–

–

–

120

–

–

(Continued )

4

8.5

3.4

8.5

*

–

*

3.6

*

–

*

5.5

*

5

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 645

12/11/2007 6:21:22 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 646

PA6T/XT, MD40 PA6T/XT, Imod, MD30 PA6T/XT, Imod, MD30 PA6T/XT, Imod, MD30 PA6T/XT, Imod PA6T/XT, Imod PA6T/XT, GF35 PA6T/XT, GF35

Zytel® HTNFE16502 BK001 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFE250020 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFE250020 NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® HTNFE350006 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFE350015 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFE8200 NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFR51G35L NC010 (dry)

Zytel® HTNFR51G35L NC010 (cond.)

Zytel® HTNWRF51 G30 PA6T/XT, GF30 NC010 (dry)

PA6T/XT, (MD+GF)40

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Zytel® HTNFE150005 BK083 (cond.)

10000

–

15000

2190

–

–

5400

4600

12600

–

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PA6T/XT, (MD+GF)40

–

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Zytel® HTNFE150005 BK083 (dry)

–

130

170

–

73

87

98

99

145

–

–

Strain at Break (%) –

1.1

1.4

–

3.3

6.5

4.2

5

1.8

–

–

–

–

40

–

–

–

60

100

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

35

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

10

–

11

–

–

–

3

5

2.4

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

13

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

90

–

–

500

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6T/66, GF45

Description

–

*

–

6.3

–

–

*

–

3.6

*

3.6

*

Water Absorption (%)

Zytel® HTN52G45HSL NC010 (cond.)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

646 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:22 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 647

PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, MD30 PA66/6T, MD30 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF33

Amodel A–1133 HS (dry)

Amodel A-1133 HS (cond.)

Amodel A-1145 HS (dry)

Amodel A-1145 HS (cond.)

Amodel A1230 L (dry)

Amodel A-1230 L (cond.)

Amodel A-1240 HS (dry)

Amodel A-1240 HS (cond.)

Amodel A-1240 L (dry)

Amodel A-1240 L (cond.)

Amodel A-1565 HS (dry)

Amodel AF-1133 V0 (dry)

Amodel AF-1133 V0 (cond.)

Amodel AF-1145 V0 (dry)

Amodel AF-1145 V0 (cond.)

Amodel AF-4133 V0 (dry)

Amodel AF-4133 V0 (cond.)

PPA/Solvay

–

13800

18000

18000

13800

14000

20000

9350

10100

8280

8970

6900

6900

16800

16800

13400

13400

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

178

–

203

–

179

138

91

104

93

107

80

96

225

259

193

233

–

1.8

–

1

–

2

1

1.2

1.6

1.2

1.6

1.2

1.6

2.1

2.7

2.1

2.5

35

44

28

33

29

38

–

31

29

36

36

–

26

69

93

44

73

32

42

29

35

28

38

–

30

31

35

44

–

–

56

65

46

58

5.4

5.9

5.9

6.6

4.6

5.1

3.1

3.8

4.1

3.3

3.7

–

2.2

9.7

10

6.7

9.5

5.3

5.8

6

6.3

4.6

4.9

–

2.2

3.2

2.8

3.5

–

2.6

9.5

11

5.8

8.8

–

3.81

–

5.2

–

4.9

–

4

4

4

4

4

3.9

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

–

0.0111

–

0.008

–

0.008

–

0.019

0.017

0.019

0.017

0.02

0.018

0.021

0.016

0.022

0.017

(Continued )

*

–

*

–

*

–

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 647

12/11/2007 6:21:23 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 648

PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, (GF+MD)65 PA66/6T, (GF+MD)65 PA66/6T, GF33

Amodel AS-1145 HS (dry)

Amodel AS-1145 HS (cond.)

Amodel AS-1566 HS (dry)

Amodel AS-1566 HS (cond.)

Amodel AS-1933 HS (dry)

12600

22800

22800

16000

16000

12200

PA66/6T, GF33

–

Amodel AS-1133 HS (cond.)

PA66/6T, GF45

Amodel AFA-6145 V0 Z (dry)

–

–

12200

PA66/6T, GF33

Amodel AFA-6133 V0 Z (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

PA66/6T, GF33

PA66/6T, GF33

Amodel AFA-4133 V0 Z (dry)

Yield Stress (MPa) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Amodel AS-1133 HS (dry)

PA66/6T, GF45

Amodel AF-4145 V0 (cond.)

212

170

200

232

263

196

225

67

193

170

165

–

Strain at Break (%) 2.5

1.2

1.4

2

2.7

2.5

3

3

1.5

1.7

1.6

–

76

32

34

56

85

50

82

49

33

37

43

28

32

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1.5

–

33

34

54

76

40

62

–

–

39

38

26

35

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

196

10

5.2

6.2

10

12

6.4

11

4.6

7.8

6.9

7.4

6.1

6.4

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

5.1

5.9

6.9

9.4

4.9

9.2

–

–

6.7

7.5

6.2

6.4

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

–

4.1

4.1

4.2

–

4.1

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

18600

–

0.014

0.004

0.021

0.016

0.022

0.017

–

0.011

0.011

0.01

–

0.0127

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

4900

PA66/6T, GF45

Amodel AF-4145 V0 (dry)

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

Water Absorption (%)

Amodel AP-9240 NL NT PA66/6T, Imod, (dry) MD40

Description

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

648 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:23 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 649

2300 2500 2400

PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, GF16 PA66/6T, GF16 PA66/6T, GF25 PA66/6T, GF25 PA66/6T

PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, Imod

Amodel AS-4145 HS (dry)

Amodel AS-4145 HS (cond.)

Amodel AT-1001 L (dry)

Amodel AT-1001 L (cond.)

Amodel AT-1116 HS (dry)

Amodel AT-1116 HS (cond.)

Amodel AT-1125 HS (dry)

Amodel AT-1125 HS (cond.)

Amodel AT-5001 (dry)

Amodel AT-5001 (cond.) PA66/6T PA66/6T, Imod

Amodel AS-4133 HS (cond.)

Amodel ET-1001 HS (dry)

Amodel ET-1001 HS (cond.)

Amodel ET-1001 L (dry)

Amodel ET-1001 L (cond.)

Reny 1002H (dry)

PAMXD6, GF30

12100

Polyarylamide/Mitsubishi Engineering–Plastics Corp

2300

2400

2300

8900

8900

6900

6900

2000

1900

16100

16100

12600

12600

PA66/6T, GF33

Amodel AS-4133 HS (dry)

15100

PA66/6T, GF45

Amodel AS-1945 HS (dry)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

181

–

–

–

–

–

–

143

190

120

160

–

–

183

224

181

211

244

1.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.4

3.2

3.2

3.7

–

–

1.9

2.2

2.3

2.6

2.5

35

N

N

N

N

N

N

47

67

–

–

N

N

60

64

55

68

86

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

37

53

–

–

N

N

63

80

52

63

–

6.3

18

19

18

19

23

20

6

8.8

6.5

9.1

97

93

8.9

10

9.8

11

9.7

–

13

15

13

15

9.5

11

4.1

5.7

–

–

25

26

8.2

8.3

9.2

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.6

3.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

3.7

3.4

3.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.027

0.016

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.037

0.011

0.019

0.012

–

(Continued )

1.5

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 649

12/11/2007 6:21:23 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 650

Description

PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF55 PAMXD6, GF55 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50

Name and Grade

Reny 1002H (cond.)

Reny 1012H (dry)

Reny 1012H (cond.)

Reny 1021UCS (dry)

Reny 1021UCS (cond.)

Reny 1022H (dry)

Reny 1022H (cond.)

Reny 1025 (dry)

Reny 1025 (cond.)

Reny 1027 (dry)

Reny 1027 (cond.)

Reny 1032 (dry)

Reny 1032 (cond.)

Reny 1071 (dry)

Reny 1071 (cond.)

Reny 1313 (dry)

Reny 1313 (cond.)

Reny 1501AH (dry)

Reny 1501AH (cond.)

Reny 1511AH (dry)

Reny 1521AH (dry)

Reny 1722F (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 20700

20600

16500

11700

13300

11000

12000

23700

24900

22400

24700

17200

18700

18300

19600

19300

20400

14400

17800

Yield Stress (MPa)

13600

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%) *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

*

244

215

197

135

162

136

162

237

264

204

249

197

227

229

275

214

260

184

252

177

218

Strain at Break (%)

16600

2

1.5

1.8

1.6

1.6

2.4

2

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.6

2

1.9

2.1

2

3.4

2.5

1.8

1.8

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) 58

49

45

29

37

55

66

66

83

61

54

45

45

82

77

58

72

101

87

52

52

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

33

11.4

9.3

7.7

5.5

5.3

12.7

12.2

16

17

13.9

14

9.2

9

13.1

14.2

12.2

11.3

16.4

14.1

8.9

8.5

6.2

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

148

–

–

4.42

4

–

4

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

*

–

–

0.00866

0.014

–

0.015

–

–

–

0.013

–

–

–

–

–

0.017

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

*

0.7

1.1

1.1

–

1.2

–

1.2

–

1.5

–

0.9

–

0.8

–

1

–

1.1

–

1.3

–

1.8

–

Water Absorption (%)

11100

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

650 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:23 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 651

14900

22200 44700 40000

PAMXD6, (GF+MD)20 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, CF30 PAMXD6, CF30 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, CF20 PAMXD6, CF20 PAMXD6, GF25 PAMXD6, GF25 PAMXD6, Whisker PAMXD6, Whisker PAMXD6, MD30 PAMXD6, MD30

Reny 2502A (cond.)

Reny 2620 (dry)

Reny 2620 (cond.)

Reny 4011 (dry)

Reny 4011 (cond.)

Reny 4511 (dry)

Reny 4511 (cond.)

Reny C36 (dry)

Reny C36 (cond.)

Reny G07S (dry)

Reny G07S (cond.)

Reny G16S (dry)

Reny G16S (cond.)

Reny N252 (dry)

Reny N252 (cond.)

Reny W110 (dry)

Reny W110 (cond.)

Reny W38S2 (dry)

Reny W38S2 (cond.) PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50

IXEF® 1002 (dry)

IXEF® 1022 (dry)

IXEF® 1022 (cond.)

IXEF® 1023 (dry)

IXEF® 1025 (dry)

Polyarylamide/Solvay

18400

PAMXD6, (GF+MD)20

Reny 2502A (dry)

17000

20000

20000

20000

11500

15900

16200

25700

19900

20200

9100

9200

24200

27200

20600

20900

18600

21600

11500

17600

19100

PAMXD6, GF50

Reny 1722F (cond.)

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

230

250

260

280

190

111

121

202

231

138

174

205

230

136

155

230

249

125

130

143

152

86

139

120

150

208

1.9

1.9

2.2

1.9

2

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.7

1.4

11

1.6

1.6

2.5

2.5

1.3

1.2

0.8

0.6

1.1

1

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.7

–

–

–

61

29

22

18

19

24

33

31

39

50

37

38

48

45

12

12

16

16

35

27

29

27

54

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9

7.4

2.1

1.8

3

3.3

6.6

5.9

4.5

4.4

5.9

6

4.9

4.7

8.9

6.9

7.5

7.3

5.1

4.1

4.3

4.1

10.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.0068

0.018

0.008

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.017

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

*

3.3

–

–

1

–

0.75

–

1.1

–

1.1

–

1.1

–

1.4

–

0.7

–

0.9

–

1.3

–

0.9

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 651

12/11/2007 6:21:23 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 652

20000 17000 16000

PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, Imod, GF50 PAMXD6, Imod, GF50 PAMXD6, MD42 PAMXD6, MD55

IXEF® 1032 (cond.)

IXEF® 1313 (dry)

IXEF® 1501 (dry)

IXEF® 1521 (dry)

IXEF® 1622 (dry)

IXEF® 1622 (cond.)

IXEF® 2011 (dry)

IXEF® 2030 (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

IXEF® 1032 (dry)

PAMXD6, CF30

IXEF® 3006 (dry) PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 6000 (dry)

Orgalloy LE 6000 (cond.)

Orgalloy LE 60HM (dry)

Polyamide alloys/Arkema

20000

IXEF® 2530 (dry)

–

1300

–

26000

12000

PAMXD6, MD45 PAMXD6, (MD+GF)55

IXEF® 2057 (dry)

21500

18000

13000

11000

23000

24000

Yield Stress (MPa)

20000

–

35

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PAMXD6, GF50

–

4

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

IXEF® 1028 (dry)

–

*

–

250

150

100

140

140

200

235

230

185

190

250

280

250

Strain at Break (%) –

*

–

1.3

1.2

1.6

1.2

1.3

2.7

2.6

1.9

2.3

3.1

2

1.8

1.8

–

–

–

–

19

–

25

35

–

85

40

29

47

–

61

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

235

–

30

–

4.4

–

–

3.7

2

–

13

–

–

27

–

11

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

20000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PAMXD6, GF50

Description

6.4

*

6.4

–

–

–

–

0.35

*

3.2

–

–

–

*

2.8

0.17

–

Water Absorption (%)

IXEF® 1027 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

652 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:24 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 653

PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 60LMXV (cond.)

Orgalloy LE 60SF (dry)

Orgalloy LE 60SF (cond.)

Orgalloy LE 60THM (dry)

Orgalloy LE 60THM (cond.)

Orgalloy LT 4060 (dry)

Orgalloy LT 4060 (cond.) 300

–

1750

–

1350

–

600

–

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy R 60ES (cond.) PA6 alloy

Orgalloy R 60ES (dry) 2010

–

460

Orgalloy LT 5050ES noir PA6 alloy (cond.)

460 –

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LT 5050 T6L (cond.)

–

Orgalloy LT 5050ES noir PA6 alloy (dry)

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LT 5050 T6L (dry)

300

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 60LMXV (dry)

700

Orgalloy LT 4060ES noir PA6 alloy T6L (cond.)

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 60LM (cond.)

–

–

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 60LM (dry)

1550

Orgalloy LT 4060ES noir PA6 alloy T6L (dry)

PA6 alloy

Orgalloy LE 60HM (cond.)

50

–

*

*

*

*

–

40

–

36

30

32

–

39

3.4

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

5

–

4

7

6

–

5

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

*

–

>50

–

>50

–

>50

–

>50

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

N

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

16

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

23

–

29

–

N

–

N

–

28

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

22

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3

–

4

–

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

–

500

–

500

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

*

3.3

*

–

*

–

*

5

*

5

*

6

*

5.5

*

5.5

*

6.4

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 653

12/11/2007 6:21:24 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 654

PA6 alloy, GF10 PA6 alloy, GF10 PA6 alloy, GF15 PA6 alloy, GF15 PA6 alloy, GF30 PA6 alloy, GF30 PA6 alloy, Imod PA6 alloy, Imod PA6 alloy PA6 alloy PA6 alloy, GF20 PA6 alloy, GF20 PA6 alloy, GF30

Orgalloy RS 6010 (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 6015ES noir T6L (dry)

Orgalloy RS 6015ES noir T6L (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 6030 (dry)

Orgalloy RS 6030 (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 60E10 (dry)

Orgalloy RS 60E10 (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 6600 (dry)

Orgalloy RS 6600 (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 6620 (dry)

Orgalloy RS 6620 (cond.)

Orgalloy RS 6630 (dry)

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Orgalloy RS 6010 (dry)

–

5500

2600

–

1620

–

7500

–

2850

3300

–

Yield Stress (MPa) –

*

52

–

42

–

*

–

*

*

–

50

–

*

4

–

5

–

*

–

*

*

4

Yield at Strain (%)

2300

Stress at Break (MPa)

PA6 alloy

110

*

–

*

130

–

75

80

–

*

Strain at Break (%)

Orgalloy RS 6000 (cond.)

4.5

4

–

6.5

5

–

*

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

18

16

–

20

17

32

27

22

20

14

21

20

20

16

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

4

–

3

–

3

–

4

–

3

3

–

3

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

170

170

250

230

–

240

240

–

250

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA6 alloy

Description

1.9

*

2.3

*

2.9

*

3.2

*

2.3

*

2.8

*

3

*

3.3

Water Absorption (%)

Orgalloy RS 6000 (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

654 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:24 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 655

PA6 alloy, GF30

PA6+ABS PA6+ABS, GF12 PA6+ABS, GF12 PA6+ABS PA6+ABS PA6+ABS, Imod PA6+ABS, Imod

Technyl® alloy KC 216 (cond.)

Technyl® alloy KC 216 V12 Black (dry)

Technyl® alloy KC 216 V12 Black (cond.)

Technyl® alloy KC 226 BLACK (dry)

Technyl® alloy KC 226 BLACK (cond.)

Technyl® alloy KC 246 BLACK (dry)

Technyl® alloy KC 246 BLACK (cond.) PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6, CF10 PA66+PA6, CF10 PA66+PA6, CF20 PA66+PA6, CF20

Grilon TS FR (dry)

Grilon TS FR (cond.)

Grilon TS V0 (dry)

Grilon TS V0 (cond.)

Grilon TSC-10/4 EC (dry)

Grilon TSC-10/4 EC (cond.)

Grilon TSC-20/4 EC (dry)

Grilon TSC-20/4 EC (cond.)

PA alloy/EMS–Grivory

PA6+ABS

Technyl® alloy KC 216 (dry)

Polyamide alloys/Rhodia

Orgalloy RS 6630 (cond.)

10000

16000

6500

9200

1600

3600

1200

3300

1200

2250

1400

3000

2800

4800

1300

2700

8800

*

*

*

*

50

85

50

85

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

15

4

15

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

160

230

120

170

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

55

95

–

–

140

6

3

7

3

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

8

3.3

–

–

90

65

80

50

N

75

N

N

N

N

N

N

90

50

N

N

–

60

60

40

40

N

70

80

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

8

12

5

15

4

20

10

60

16

6

15

7

18

6.5

20

5

5

4

4

3

3

5

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

5

4

4

3

4

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

*

*

1200

450

700

150

750

150

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

160

(Continued )

*

5

*

5

*

8

*

8

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

–

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 655

12/11/2007 6:21:24 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 656

11000 7500 16500

PA66+PA6, CF40 PA66+PA6, CF40 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30

PA66+PA6, GF50

Grilon TSG-30 (dry)

Grilon TSG-30 (cond.)

Grilon TSG-30 FR (dry)

Grilon TSG-30 FR (cond.)

Grilon TSG-30/4 (dry)

Grilon TSG-35/4 (dry)

Grilon TSG-35/4 (cond.) PA66+PA6, GF35 PA66+PA6, GF50

Grilon TSC-40/4 EC (cond.)

Grilon TSG-30/4 (cond.) PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF35

Grilon TSC-40/4 EC (dry)

Grilon TSG-50 (dry)

Grilon TSG-50 (cond.) PA66+PA6, GF50

6000

PA66+PA6, CF30

Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15 (cond.)

Grilon TSG-50/4 (dry)

9700

PA66+PA6, CF30

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15 (dry)

17500

10000

4000

7100

6000

9700

17000

26000

16000

23000

Yield Stress (MPa)

15000

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%)

PA66+PA6, CF30

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

Grilon TSC-30/4 EC (cond.)

250

150

240

130

195

125

190

65

105

120

175

200

260

170

230

180

Strain at Break (%) 2.5

5

3

6

3

8

3

15

5

6

3

4

2

4.5

2.5

5

80

100

90

85

75

80

70

N

50

85

75

85

60

60

45

85

60

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2.5

70

90

80

70

60

60

60

50

40

65

65

50

50

45

45

70

60

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

250

14

20

15

13

10

12

10

8

4

20

13

16

10

13

10

16

10

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

12

12

11

8

8

6

7

3

3

10

10

7

7

7

7

7

7

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

*

*

*

*

*

*

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

23000

150

650

150

550

100

800

100

600

150

450

130

*

*

*

*

*

*

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PA66+PA6, CF30

Description

5

*

6

*

5

*

5

*

7

*

6.5

*

5

*

5

*

5

Water Absorption (%)

Grilon TSC-30/4 EC (dry)

Name and Grade

11.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

656 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:24 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 657

5600 2900 9000 5400

PA66+PA6, Imod, GF15 PA66+PA6, Imod, GF15 PA66+PA6, Imod, GF30 PA66+PA6, Imod, GF30 PA66+PA6, GB30 PA66+PA6, GB30 PA66+PA6, MD30 PA66+PA6, MD30 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6, Moly2 PA66+PA6, Moly2 PA66+PA6, (PTFE+Si)20 PA66+PA6, (PTFE+Si)20 PA66+PA6, Imod PA66+PA6, Imod

Grilon TSGZ-15 (dry)

Grilon TSGZ-15 (cond.)

Grilon TSGZ-30 (dry)

Grilon TSGZ-30 (cond.)

Grilon TSK-30/4 (dry)

Grilon TSK-30/4 (cond.)

Grilon TSM-30 (dry)

Grilon TSM-30 (cond.)

Grilon TSS (dry)

Grilon TSS (cond.)

Grilon TSS/4 (dry)

Grilon TSS/4 (cond.)

Grilon TSS/4 LF 2 (dry)

Grilon TSS/4 LF 2 (cond.)

Grilon TSS/4 LF 20 (dry)

Grilon TSS/4 LF 20 (cond.)

Grilon TSZ 1 (dry)

Grilon TSZ 1 (cond.)

750

2400

1200

2700

1400

3300

1100

3000

750

2700

2300

5800

1800

4100

5000

PA66+PA6, (GF+GB)30

Grilon TSGK-30 X (cond.)

8500

PA66+PA6, (GF+GB)30

12500

Grilon TSGK-30 X (dry)

Grilon TSG-50/4 (cond.) PA66+PA6, GF50

35

65

35

60

50

90

50

80

40

70

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

20

4

10

4

15

5

15

5

15

4

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

45

75

45

75

90

180

65

110

85

155

170

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

15

3

35

10

8

4

10

4

10

3

4.5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

45

85

30

90

80

90

75

75

50

85

N

N

55

45

N

N

N

N

N

N

35

35

25

25

80

80

70

60

45

45

80

45

11

8

4

20

4

40

6

35

8

7

5

8

4

25

15

17

12

13

8

20

8

10

4

4

4

4

5

6

7

6

3

5

3

2

10

10

5

5

7

7

12

3

3

3

3

4

3

4

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

3

4

3

3

3

4

450

150

550

150

750

200

800

200

500

150

450

140

600

150

700

150

700

150

390

120

650

*

8.5

*

5

*

7

*

8

*

9

*

6.5

*

5

*

7

*

8

*

7.5

*

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 657

12/11/2007 6:21:25 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 658

HDPE HDPE HDPE LDPE LDPE LDPE LDPE LDPE LDPE LDPE HDPE HDPE HDPE HDPE

Hostalen GD9555

Hostalen GD9555 F

Hostalen GF9145 X

Lupolen 1800 H

Lupolen 1800 S

Lupolen 1810 E

Lupolen 1840 D

Lupolen 18P FAX

Lupolen 18P FFX

Lupolen 2420 D

Lupolen 4261 A Q 416

Lupolen 5021 D

Lupolen 5031 L Q 449

Lupolen 5031 L Q 449 K

PE/Bassell Polyolefins

1100

1000

1000

850

240

300

300

200

200

150

200

800

950

1050

26

26

25

24

10

10

10

9

9

8

9

21

23

25

10

8

9

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

10

10

–

–

–

–

20

45

65

20

–

–

–

28

44

41

91

–

–

–

–

600

850

850

600

–

–

–

520

580

490

1.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

Strain at Break (%) 2.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

Stress at Break (MPa) 80

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

8

9

6

30

24

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

10500

Yield at Strain (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

HDPE, GF60

Yield Stress (MPa) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Celstran PEHDGF60-01-US

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 6800

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

HDPE, GF40

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Celstran PEHDGF40-01

PE/Ticona

Name and Grade

11.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics

658 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:25 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 659

UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE

GUR 4113

GUR 4120

GUR 4130

GUR 4150

GUR 4152

GUR 4170

GUR 5113

GUR GHR 8020

GUR GHR 8110

PP PP, GF20 PP, GF30 PP, GF40 PP, Chalk20, T10 PP, MD15 PP, T20 PP PP PP

Altech® PP-B A 1000/120 UV

Altech® PP-B A 2020/150 GF20 CP

Altech® PP-B A 2030/150 GF30 CP

Altech® PP-B A 2040/150 GF40 CP

Altech® PP-B A 4430/120 MR30 UV

Altech® PP-B A 4815/100 MR15

AltechO PP-B A 4920/100 MR20

Altech® PP-H A 1000/100 DS

Altech® PP-H A 1000/140 FR

Altech® PP-H A 1000/149 FR

PP/Albis Plastic GmgH

UHMWPE

HDPE

GUR 2122

UHMWPE/Ticona

Lupolen 5661 A

1300

2000

1400

1800

1500

2400

7500

5300

4000

–

1060

–

750

570

680

680

680

720

750

790

1270

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

21

19

–

17

17

17

17

17

17

17

28

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

10

–

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

9

30

40

30

20

23

20

80

65

53

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

>50

14

>50

>50

>50

30

4.5

4.5

6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

80

60

N

N

100

55

60

50

50

N

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

2.2

4

N

5.8

4

15

20

20

4.5

–

*

100P

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

100P

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.9

*

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.01

–

–

0.01

–

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

–

(Continued )

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 659

12/11/2007 6:21:25 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 660

PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF40 PP, GB20 PP, GB30

AltechO PP-H A 2030/150 GF30 CP

Altech® PP-H A 2030/156 GF30 CP

Altech® PP-H A 2030/157 GF30 CP

Altech® PP-H A 2030/158 GF30 CP

AltechO PP-H A 2030/250 GF30 CP

Altech® PP-H A 2030/252 GF30 UV CP

AltechO PP-H A 2040/150 GF40 CP

Altech® PP-H A 3020/100 GB20

Altech® PP-H A 3030/100 GB30

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Altech® PP-H A 2030/100 GF30

2000

1500

6000

–

6000

5900

6700

6400

5500

5200

Yield Stress (MPa)

4100

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PP, GF20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Altech® PP-H A 2020/150 GF20 CP

19

24

70

–

80

–

90

–

75

55

60

Strain at Break (%) >50

>50

1

–

4

–

3

–

3

2

3.5

30

30

55

25

50

55

40

60

50

55

40

20

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

45

4

3

12

10

14

11

8

13

11

14

9

4.5

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

4100

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PP, GF20

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Altech® PP-H A 2020/100 GF20

Name and Grade

11.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

660 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:25 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 661

PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T30 PP, T30 PP, T40

Altech® PP-H A 4920/100 MR20

Altech® PP-H A 4920/106 MR20

Altech® PP-H A 4920/170 MR20

Altech® PP-H A 4930/100 MR30

Altech® PP-H A 4930/106 MR30

Altech® PP-H A 4940/100 MR40

PP, T20 PP PP PP PP

Polyflam® RIPP 374 ND CS1

Polyflam® RIPP 490

Polyflam® RIPP 5000 E

Polyflam® RIPP 5440

Polyflam® RLD 10 D PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF40 PP, GF40

Celstran PP-GF30-02

Celstran PP-GF30-03

Celstran PP-GF30-04

Celstran PP-GF30-05

Celstran PP-GF30-10

Celstran PP-GF40-02

Celstran PP-GF40-03

PP/Ticona

PP, T25

Polyflam® RIPP 3125 CS1

PP/A. Schulman

PP, Chalk18

Altech® PP-H A 4818/100 MR18 DS

7900

7700

6070

5980

6600

6000

5800

200

1500

1200

1900

2100

2400

4000

3400

3500

2700

2800

2800

1700

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

29

26

22

17

17

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12

5

7

3

1.7

1.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

100

102

85

85

95

90

92

*

*

*

*

*

*

32

32

32

34

32

32

26

2

2.1

2.1

2.9

2.3

2.3

2.5

*

*

*

*

*

*

15

20

20

10

25

25

>50

–

–

–

66

48

–

–

N

N

N

37

60

33

20

25

27

22

60

60

80

–

–

–

80

44

–

–

N

35

65

11

19

13

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

23

15

26

18

17

20

60

13

20

3

6

8

3.5

4

3.9

2.5

4

4.5

4

–

–

–

24

20

–

–

4

3

5

3

2.4

2.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 661

12/11/2007 6:21:25 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 662

PP, GF40 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50

Celstran PP-GF40-10

Celstran PP-GF50-02

Celstran PP-GF50-03

Celstran PP-GF50-04

Celstran PP-GF500403P10/10

Celstran PP-GF500405P10/10

Celstran PP-GF500453P10/10

Celstran PP-GF500455P10/10

Celstran PP-GF50-10 1300 1150 1350 1350

PP Homopolymer PP Impact Copolymer PP Homopolymer PP Impact Copolymer

Hostalen PP H2222 36

Hostalen PP H2250 36

Hostalen PP H2464

11000

12000

11800

12000

11800

11100

10300

10200

7850

7300

Hostalen PP H2150

PP/Bassell Polyolefins

PP, GF40

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Celstran PP-GF40-05

Yield Stress (MPa)

8900

29

31

26

30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PP, GF40

10

10

11

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Celstran PP-GF400414P10/10

–

–

–

–

107

124

126

125

127

120

115

110

96

100

109

Strain at Break (%) 400

–

–

–

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.3

1.9

–

N

N

N

–

–

57

–

55

59

–

–

–

70

53

59

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2

–

26

85

26

–

–

53

–

54

57

–

–

–

–

44

55

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

110

–

11

40

9

1

–

18

–

18

19

2

26

18

25

16

16

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

2.9

3.2

2.2

–

–

24

–

25

14

–

–

–

–

19

13

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

9100

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PP, GF40

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Celstran PP-GF40-04

Name and Grade

11.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

662 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:26 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 663

1350

Hostalen PP W2080

PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA

Altuglas DRT

Altuglas HFI-10

Altuglas HFI-7

Altuglas HT 121

Altuglas MI-2T

Altuglas MI-4T

Altuglas MI-7T

Altuglas SG 10

Altuglas SG 7

Altuglas V 044

Altuglas V 045

Altuglas V 825 HID

Altuglas V 825 T

Altuglas V 920 T

Altuglas VM PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA PMMA

Plexalloy® NTA-1

Plexalloy® NTA-3

Plexiglas® 6N

Plexiglas® 7H

Acrylic/Degussa

PMMA

Altuglas DRM

Acrylic/Arkema

1300

Hostalen PP H7350FLS PP Homopolymer 303064 PP Homopolymer

1300

PP Homopolymer

Hostalen PP H7050FL G51337

3200

3200

2900

2700

3100

3300

3300

3300

3300

3300

2300

1700

2400

2800

3000

3450

2300

1700

1700

1800

850

PP Random Copolymer

Hostalen PP H5416 E61349

850

PP Random Copolymer

Hostalen PP H5416

*

*

60

68

*

*

*

*

*

*

65

42

65

76

78

*

65

42

45

45

30

30

30

24

24

*

*

0

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

5

5

5

4

4

*

5

5

5

5

9

10

10

10

10

76

67

*

*

65

70

70

70

70

70

*

*

*

*

*

70

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

5.5

3

*

*

5

6

6

6

6

6

*

*

*

*

*

5

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

20

20

16

33

19

20

20

20

20

20

45

60

45

35

25

20

45

60

70

60

90

N

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

28

28

43

43

–

–

–

–

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

6

4

3

3

2

4

6

7

6

–

10

10

22

22

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.9

–

–

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

1.9

1.8

–

–

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2

2

2

2

2

2.5

2

2

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

200

200

–

–

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 663

12/11/2007 6:21:26 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 664

PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod

Plexiglas® 8N

Plexiglas® FT15

Plexiglas® df21 8N

Plexiglas® df22 7H

Plexiglas® df22 7N

Plexiglas® df22 8N

Plexiglas® df22 zk6BR

Plexiglas® df23 7H

Plexiglas® df23 7N

Plexiglas® df23 8N

Plexiglas® df23 zk6BR

Plexiglas® hw55

Plexiglas® zk20

Plexiglas® zk30

Plexiglas® zk40

Plexiglas® zk4BR

Plexiglas® zk4HC

Plexiglas® zk50

Plexiglas® zk5BR

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

PMMA

2400

950

2900

2800

1600

2000

2400

3600

1900

3300

3400

3400

1800

3300

3400

3400

3300

3500

3300

3300

Yield Stress (MPa)

Plexiglas® 8H

62

25

68

71

42

51

62

*

46

*

*

*

45

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Yield at Strain (%) *

4.5

5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

*

5

*

*

*

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

80

*

65

65

70

*

67

65

70

71

50

77

78

73

69

Stress at Break (MPa)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.5

*

2.5

2.5

6

*

3.5

2.5

6

4.5

3.1

5.5

6.5

3.5

4

Strain at Break (%)

*

50

N

25

25

80

55

25

20

50

1

1

20

54

18

17

20

18

18

20

20

20

20

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

3200

–

13

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

3200

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PMMA

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

PMMA

300

400

300

200

300

300

300

200

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

200

200

200

200

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

Plexiglas® 7N

Description

2

1.2

2

2

1.5

1.7

1.7

2.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

1.9

2

2

Water Absorption (%)

Plexiglas® 7M

Name and Grade

11.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

664 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:26 PM

PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod

Plexiglas® zk5HC

Plexiglas® zk5HF

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 665

Plexiglas® zk6BR

Plexiglas® zk6HC

2000

1800

2500

2500

47

45

55

63

5.5

5

4.5

5

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

80

80

50

55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

300

300

300

300

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 665

12/11/2007 6:21:26 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 666

TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE+PBT TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE

Hytrel® 4556

Hytrel® 5526

Hytrel® 5555HS

Hytrel® 5556

Hytrel® 6356

Hytrel® 7246

Hytrel® 8238

Hytrel® DYM350BK

Hytrel® G3548L

Hytrel® G4074

Hytrel® G4774

Hytrel® G4778

Hytrel® G5544

Arnitel® 3103

TPC

TEEE, CD

Hytrel® 40CB

TPE/DSM

TEEE

570

190

110

110

55

20

370

1180

530

280

180

180

190

85

–

–

30

Hytrel® 4069

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 23.8

*

*

*

*

–

15

–

–

–

16

–

–

–

–

–

*

20

*

*

*

*

–

20

–

–

–

32

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

Stress at Break (MPa)

TEEE

Yield at Strain (%) *

*

>50

>50

>50

>50

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

>50

>50

>50

Strain at Break (%)

*

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

–

–

–

N

N

N

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

Hytrel® 4068

Yield Stress (MPa) *

–

–

N

N

N

–

N

–

–

–

N

–

N

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

23

N

N

N

N

–

–

15

33

N

N

84

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

7

20

N

N

N

–

–

5

10

15

85

–

90

–

–

N

N

N

N

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

55

–

4.5

–

4.7

5

–

4.4

3.7

3.7

4.1

4.4

–

4.6

4.5

–

–

–

4.7

4.8

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

TEEE

–

400

–

–

530

–

230

175

300

360

375

–

375

300

100

130

380

525

125

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

Hytrel® 4056

Description

–

2.2

–

–

3.7

–

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

–

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

Water Absorption (%)

Hytrel® 3078

TPE/DuPont

Name and Grade

11.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers

666 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:26 PM

TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC, GF20 TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC

Arnitel® 3104

Arnitel® EB460

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 667

Arnitel® EB463

Arnitel® EB464

Arnitel® EB464-01

Arnitel® EB500

Arnitel® EL550

Arnitel® EL630

Arnitel® EL695-G4

Arnitel® EL740

Arnitel® EL740-H/A

Arnitel® EM400

Arnitel® EM401

Arnitel® EM402-L

Arnitel® EM460

Arnitel® EM550

Arnitel® EM630

Arnitel® EM630-H

Arnitel® EM740

Arnitel® PB420

Arnitel® PB582-H

Arnitel® PL380

Arnitel® PL381

Arnitel® PL420-H

Arnitel® PL460-S

Arnitel® PL461

Arnitel® PL471

Arnitel® PL581

Amitel® PL650

Arnitel® PM381

60

570

300

240

165

240

100

60

60

300

100

1000

310

310

200

100

50

–

50

1100

1000

3650

310

200

225

75

115

115

105

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

35

20

20

14

9

7

–

7

38

34

*

19

14

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

20

29

29

20

30

74

–

74

20

10

*

16

20

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

*

65

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

>50

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

–

*

9

*

*

>50

>50

>50

>50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

–

N

23

N

N

N

60

N

N

N

N

N

15

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

10

10

22

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

7

16

N

N

22

N

N

N

14

N

6

12

12

25

N

N

–

N

4

6

11

12

25

N

N

N

N

N

N

4.4

–

4

–

–

4.8

–

4.4

4.4

–

–

3.4

4.1

3.4

4

4.4

4

–

4

–

3.3

–

3.4

4

–

–

–

–

–

4.4

7

–

2.5

–

–

3.5

–

7

7

–

–

0.6

0.63

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.7

–

0.75

0.6

0.6

0.3

0.6

0.65

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

7

(Continued )

810

–

400

–

–

–

–

810

810

–

–

400

170

340

400

350

170

–

170

–

300

–

340

400

–

–

–

–

–

810

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 667

12/11/2007 6:21:27 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 668

TPC TPC TPC TPC

Arnitel® PM581

Arnitel® PM650

Arnitel® UM551

Arnitel® UM551-V

TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA

PEBAX 2533 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 2533 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX 3533 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 3533 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX 4033 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 4033 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX 5533 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 5533 SN 01(cond.)

PEBA/Arkema

TPC

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Arnitel® PM471

161

165

71

73

18

19

10

13

250

200

520

300

175

Yield Stress (MPa)

200

12

12

*

*

*

*

*

*

15

15

26.5

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

TPC

25

25

*

*

*

*

*

*

22

22

26

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Arnitel® PM460-B

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%) *

*

>50

>50

>50

>50

>50

>50

*

*

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

–

N

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

N

N

N

–

N

–

N

–

–

6

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

N

N

N

–

N

–

N

–

N

N

37

N

N

N

N

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

N

N

N

–

N

–

N

–

–

6

11

16

N

N

N

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

5

–

5

–

6

–

6

–

–

–

4.4

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

200

–

1020

–

604

–

434

–

378

–

–

–

810

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

TPC

Description

*

1.2

*

1.2

*

1.2

*

1.2

0.6

0.6

–

2.5

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Arnitel® PM460

Name and Grade

11.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers (cont’d)

668 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:27 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 669

80 253

TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA

TPA TPA TPA

PEBAX 7033 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 7033 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX 7233 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX 7233 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX MH 1657(dry)

PEBAX MH 1657(cond.) TPA TPA

PEBAX 6333 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX MV 1041 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX MV 1041 SN 01(cond.)

PEBAX MV 1074 SN 01(dry)

PEBAX MV 1074 SN 01(cond.)

TPA TPA TPA

Vestamid E40-S3 nf (dry)

Vestamid E40-S3 nf(cond.)

Vestamid E47-S3 nf

PEBA/Degussa

90

TPA

PEBAX 6333 SN 01(dry)

120

–

80

89

97

227

522

–

384

414

280

307

298

TPA, CD

PEBAX 5533 SN 70 NOIR(cond.)

305

TPA, CD

PEBAX 5533 SN 70 NOIR(dry)

*

–

*

*

*

15

17

*

*

26

–

22

23

18

19

17

18

*

–

*

*

*

28

26

*

*

18

–

20

22

22

22

36

31

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

>50

–

>50

>50

>50

*

*

>50

>50

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

15

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

–

11

–

–

10

–

10

–

20

–

–

18

4.7

5.5

4.9

–

–

–

5

–

–

–

4

–

–

–

4

–

–

1

*

1

*

48

*

12

*

120

*

0.9

*

0.9

*

1.1

*

1.2

(Continued )

1300

1200

1200

–

–

–

957

–

–

–

586

–

–

–

757

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 669

12/11/2007 6:21:27 PM

670

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 670

* 1300 4.3 N N N N * * 29 22 TPA

360

1.1 1200 4 N N N N * * 31 24

1100 4.3 N N N N

Vestamid E62-S3 nf (cond.)

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers (cont’d)

Yield Stress (MPa)

370

Yield at Strain (%)

TPA

Stress at Break (MPa)

Vestamid E62-S3 nf (dry)

Strain at Break (%)

>50

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

230

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

TPA

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

Vestamid E55-S3 nf

Water Absorption (%)

1.1

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:27 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 671

PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF, CF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF

Kynar 720

Kynar 740

Kynar 9000 HD

Kynar 9000 HDC N 123

Kynar Flex 2750

Kynar Flex 2800

Kynar Flex 2801

Kynar Flex 2820

Kynar Flex 2821

Kynar Flex 2822

Kynar Flex 2850 PVDF PVDF

Solef 1008

Solef 1010

PVDF/Solvay Solexis

PVDF

Kynar 710

2440

2480

1000

680

680

680

700

700

480

7000

2500

1700

2200

2300

2300

58.1

59.1

35

24

24

24

26

26

20

*

54

50

54

54

52

52

7.3

6.9

10

12

12

12

12

12

16

*

8

7

8

9

9

9

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

70

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

2

*

*

*

*

*

*

120

89

–

–

–

180

–

–

–

–

230

240

210

190

230

–

250

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

2000

Strain at Break (%) *

110

98

190

–

–

240

–

–

–

–

220

190

190

210

220

–

200

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PVDF

Stress at Break (MPa) *

8.3

7.6

29

–

–

60

–

86

120

–

11

14

8

8

12

–

22

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

PVDF

Yield at Strain (%) 9

3.4

2.3

5

–

–

5

–

5

6

–

5

5

5

5

5

–

5

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

Kynar 6000 HD

Yield Stress (MPa) 50

–

–

6.5

6

6

6

7

7

7

*

7.5

8

7

6

7

6.5

7

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Kynar 1000 HDC N 118

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 2000

–

–

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

–

0.15

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

–

0.03

(Continued )

2340

2340

2340

2340

2330

2330

–

*

2160

2310

2140

2060

2200

2460

2400

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PVDF

Description

Water Absorption (%)

Kynar 1000 HD

PVDF/Arkema

Name and Grade

11.9 Fluoropolymers

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 671

12/11/2007 6:21:27 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 672

PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF

Solef 21508

Solef 31008

Solef 31508

Solef 6010

Solef 6012

PVDF PVDF

Dyneon™ PVDF 21508

Dyneon™ PVDF 60512

PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE

Teflon® 7A

Teflon® 7B

Teflon® 7C

Teflon® 8

PTFE/DuPont

VOLTALEF 302

PCTFE

PVDF

Dyneon™ PVDF 11008

PCTFE/Arkema

PVDF

Dyneon™ PVDF 6010

PVDF/Dyneon 3M

PVDF

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Solef 11010

–

–

–

–

1400

–

–

–

–

2130

2400

576

895

420

1100

Yield Stress (MPa)

1020

–

–

–

–

43

–

–

–

–

52.9

56.8

18.3

27.9

19.9

34.8

33.3

Yield at Strain (%)

PVDF

–

–

–

–

7

–

–

–

–

8.4

7.2

11

9.4

14

11

9.4

Stress at Break (MPa)

Solef 11008

27.6

37.9

36.5

34.5

–

35–40

14–30

20–40

35–50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Strain at Break (%) – –

350– 600 100– 350

300

400

400

380

–

–

–

–

–

–

200– 600

–

–

N

120

N

N

N

N

N

20–50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

220

97

250

150

N

150

110

150

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

80

–

–

–

–

48P

8.9

110P

65P

84P

48P

12

19

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

8.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.9

3.1

4.1

3.7

3

3.4

3.4

3.6

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

56

–

–

–

–

–

7

7

7

7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

2300

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.2

0.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PVDF

Description

–

–

–

–

0.01

–

–

–

–

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

Water Absorption (%)

Solef 1012

Name and Grade

11.9 Fluoropolymers (cont’d)

672 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:28 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 673

PTFE PTFE

Teflon® 8A

Teflon® 8B

– – – – – –

PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE, GF15 PTFE, GF25 PTFE, (graphite & Coke)25 PTFE, (graphite & Carbon)25 PTFE, Graphite15 PTFE, Bronze60 PTFE, Stainless Steel50

Algoflon® F5/S

Algoflon® F6

Algoflon® F7

Algoflon® F3140 X

Algoflon® S 111

Algoflon® S 121

Algoflon® S 131

Algoflon® DF 210

Algoflon® DF 230

Algoflon® DF 280X

Algoflon® DF 380

Algoflon® DF 381

Algoflon® DF 680X

Algoflon® 15GL

Algoflon® 25GL

Algoflon® 25CAR

Algoflon® 25 CAR B

Algoflon® 15GR

Algoflon® 60BZ

Algoflon® 50 INOX

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

PTFE

–

–

–

–

Algoflon® F5

PTFE/Solvay Solexis

PTFE

Teflon® 850-A

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

20

24

21

19

20

24

28

30

30

30

30

30

35

37

37

35

41

40

40

39

27.6

27.6

27.6

220

230

230

220

80

220

280

270

375

375

300

300

300

340

350

350

500

400

380

400

370

300

300

300

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 673

12/11/2007 6:21:28 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 674

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 159 165

121 131

PTFE Modified PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE, GF15 PTFE, GF15 PTFE, GF25 PTFE, (GF+PTFE)25 PTFE, CF10 PTFE, MD15 PTFE, Graphite10 PTFE, Bronze60

Dyneon™ TFM 1600

Dyneon™ TF 1750

Dyneon™ TF 1620

Dyneon™ TF 1641

Dyneon™ TF 1645

Dyneon™ TF 1105

Dyneon™ TF 4103

Dyneon™ CC603

Dyneon™ CC605

Dyneon™ CCM605

Dyneon™ CCX1029

Dyneon™ CC503

Dyneon™ CC622

Dyneon™ CC6467/S

245

121

93

97

650

600

600

600

600

650

650

PTFE Modified

Dyneon™ TFM 1705

650

PTFE Modified

Dyneon™ TFM 1700

PTFE/Dyneon 3M

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PTFE,Bronze55, Moly5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Algoflon® 55BZ+5Mos

450 450

≥27.6 ≥27.6

16.5

19.3

19.3

27.6

15.2

17.2

20.7

20.7

27.6

110

220

250

280

300

230

280

375

400

450

450

≥27.6

>27.6

450

450

450

90

31.7

33

33

17

Strain at Break (%) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

45

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

17

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PTFE, Coke25, Ceramic5

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Algoflon® 25CAR+5CER

Name and Grade

11.9 Fluoropolymers (cont’d)

674 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:28 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 675

217 97

PTFE, Carbon23, Graphite2 PTFE, Polyimide10 PTFE, PPS

Dyneon™ CC191-HE

Dyneon™ CCX6380

Dyneon™ CC085

PFA PFA PFA PFA PFA PFA Fluorinated PFA Fluorinated PFA Fluorinated PFA Fluorinated PFA Fluorinated

Teflon® C PFA 560

Teflon® C PFA 580

Teflon® PFA 340

Teflon® PFA 345

Teflon® PFA 350

Teflon® PFA 440 HP

Teflon® PFA 445 HP

Teflon® PFA 450 HP

Teflon® PFA 940 HP Plus

Teflon® PFA 950 HP Plus PFA PFA PFA PFA PFA

Neoflon™ AP-201

Neoflon™ AP-210

Neoflon™ AP-211SH

Neoflon™ AP-215SH

Neoflon™ AP-230

PFA/Diakin

PFA

Teflon® C PFA 510

PFA/Dupont

152

PTFE, GF15, Moly5

Dyneon™ CC174/N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

69

176

PTFE, Stainless Steel50

Dyneon™ CC655

–

–

–

–

–

13.8

13.8

15.2

13.8

13.8

15.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

32

27.9

33.3

27.9

21.6

28.3

28.3

27.6

26.2

24.8

28

29

24.8

18.6

16.5

13.8

11

18.6

13.8

23.4

20.7

350

400

420

400

300

260

310

300

320

300

300

300

300

250

250

100

150

270

160

240

220

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.05

2.05

2.03

2.1

2.03

2.03

2.1

2.03

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

0.03

–

0.01

0.03

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.0003

0.0003

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0006

0.0001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 675

12/11/2007 6:21:29 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 676

PFA PFA

Hyflon® MFA 640

Hyflon® MFA 720

PFA PFA PFA PFA PFA

Dyneon™ PFA 6505N

Dyneon™ PFA 6515N

Dyneon™ PFA 6525N

Dyneon™ PFA-Flex 8502 UHP

Dyneon™ PFA-Flex 8515 UHP FEP FEP FEP FEP FEP FEP

Teflon® FEP 100

Teflon® FEP 140

Teflon® FEP 160

Teflon® FEP 3100

Teflon® FEP 5100

Teflon® FEP 6100

FEP/DuPont

PFA

Dyneon™ PFA 6502N

PFA/Dyneon 3M

PFA

Hyflon® MFA 620

Tensile Modulus (MPa) –

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

550

550

550

550

Yield Stress (MPa)

PFA

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

Hyflon® MFA 1041

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

PFA/Solvay Solexis

20.7

21.4

23.4

34.5

31

27.6

34

35

21

26

30

30

23

21

26

20

Strain at Break (%) 300

310

350

320

350

340

350

330

350

450

410

380

300

280

300

280

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

370

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

32.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

≤0.0005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.003 ≤0.003

≤2.10 ≤2.10 2.02– 2.08 2.02– 2.08

2.03

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

0.00057

0.0005

0.001

0.0006

0.0006

–

≤0.0005

≤2.10

–

≤0.0005

–

0.0005

0.0005

0.002

–

≤2.10

–

2

2

2

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PFA

Description

–

–

0.01

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Neoflon™ AP-231SH

Name and Grade

11.9 Fluoropolymers (cont’d)

676 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:29 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 677

FEP

Teflon® FEP CJ95

FEP FEP FEP FEP FEP FEP

Neoflon™ NP-120

Neoflon™ NP-12X

Neoflon™ NP-130

Neoflon™ NP-20

Neoflon™ NP-30

Neoflon™ NP-40

FEP FEP FEP

Dyneon™ FEP 6303

Dyneon™ FEP 6307

Dyneon™ FEP 6322

ETFE ETFE ETFE ETFE

Neoflon™ EP-541

Neoflon™ EP-543

Neoflon™ EP-610

Neoflon™ EP-620

ETFE

Dyneon™ ETFE ET 5236 ETFE ETFE ETFE

Tefzel® 200

Tefzel® 207

Tefzel® 210

ETFE/DuPont

ETFE

Dyneon™ ETFE ET 6235

ETFE/Dyneon 3M

ETFE

Neoflon™ EP-521

ETFE/Diakin

FEP

Dyneon™ FEP 6301

PFA/Dyneon 3M

FEP

Neoflon™ NP-101

FEP/Diakin

FEP

Teflon® FEP CJ92

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

22

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

40

40

44.8

46

46

30.5

30.5

45

44.5

44.5

20

25

28

30

27

27

27

32.1

27

31

27

26

27.6

300

300

300

430

425

350

250

420

440

440

300

350

350

350

350

350

350

370

350

370

350

300

320

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.55

2.7

2.55

–

2.58

–

–

–

–

–

0.007

0.007

0.007

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.0054

0.009

0.0031

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

≤0.0007 ≤0.0009

≤2.15 ≤2.15

–

–

≤0.0007

≤2.15

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.01

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.0007

0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.02

2.1

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 677

12/11/2007 6:21:29 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 678

– –

ETFE ETFE ETFE, Conductive ETFE, Conductive ETFE ETFE ETFE ETFE

Tefzel® HT-2127

Tefzel® HT-2129

Tefzel® HT-2160

Tefzel® HT-2170

Tefzel® HT-2181

Tefzel® HT-2183

Tefzel® HT-2185

Tefzel® HT-2202

PCTFE

Neoflon™ M-400H ECTFE ECTFE ECTFE ECTFE ECTFE ECTFE

Halar 300

Halar 500

Halar 520

Halar 558

Halar 600

Halar 6014

ECTFE/Solvay Solexis

PCTFE

Neoflon™ M-300P

PCTFE/Diakin

–

ETFE, GF25

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Tefzel® HT-2004

–

–

1650

1650

1650

1650

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

32.4

33.1

31

31

29

30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

ETFE

5.0

4.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Tefzel® 750

45.5

49.3

48.3

48.3

45.5

53.8

36.5

34.5

34.5

41.4

42.1

42.1

27.6

34.5

34.5

37.9

82.7

37.9

Strain at Break (%) 330

290

200

200

260

250

180

130

250

300

300

300

200

200

300

300

9

300

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

300

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

46.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

2.57

2.595

2.5

2.5

2.59

2.6

–

–

–

2.55

2.55

2.55

–

–

–

–

–

–

2.55

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

0.017

0.018

0.013

0.013

0.013

0.014

–

–

–

0.0054

0.0072

0.06

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.0072

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

ETFE

Description

0.1

–

0.005

0.005

0.1

0.1

–

–

0.007

0.007

0.007

0.007

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.007

Water Absorption (%)

Tefzel® 280

Name and Grade

11.9 Fluoropolymers (cont’d)

678 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:29 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 679

– –

ECTFE, Copolymer ECTFE, Copolymer

Halar 901

Halar 930 LC

HTE

Dyneon™ HTE 1705

THV THV THV THV

Dyneon™ THV™ 220 FP

Dyneon™ THV™ 500 FP

Dyneon™ THV™ 610 FP

Dyneon™ THV™ 815 FP

THV/Dyneon 3M

HTE

Dyneon™ HTE 1510

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

ECTFE, Copolymer

Halar 812

HTE/Dyneon 3M

1480

ECTFE, Copolymer

Halar 801

–

ECTFE

Halar 700

–

–

–

–

–

–

29

29.6

–

32

33.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.0

5.0

–

–

4.5

29

28

28

20

44

32

50

53.8

41.4

51.5

47.9

420

500

500

600

450

520

260

250

200

230

340

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.66

4.82

5.72

2.2

2.3

2.57

2.59

–

–

2.595

–

0.09

0.1

0.14

0.004

0.006

0.013

0.014

–

–

0.018

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.1

0.1

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 679

12/11/2007 6:21:30 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 680

Victrex® 150FC30

PEEK, (CF+PTFE+Graphite)30

11200

22300

Victrex® 450CA30 PEEK, CF30

3500

22300

PEEK

Victrex® 450G

3500

Victrex® 150CA30 PEEK, CF30

PEEK

Victrex® 381G

3500

11400

PEEK

Victrex® 150G

16000

Victrex® 450GL30 PEEK, GF30

PEEK+PBI

Victrex® TL-60

11500

11400

PEEK+PBI

Victrex® TF-60V

5000

Victrex® 150GL30 PEEK, GF30

PEEK+PBI

Victrex® TU-60

PEEK/Victrex

11000

Vestakeep 4000 GF30 nf

PEEK, GF30

3500

Vestakeep 4000 G PEEK nf

*

*

*

*

*

100

100

105

*

*

*

*

95

*

*

*

*

*

5

5

5

*

*

*

*

5.3

137

220

224

155

156

–

–

–

110

150

90

165

*

140

1.8

1.8

1.7

2

1.9

34

31

22

1.1

1.9

2

2.5

*

2.5

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

15

25

25

70

N

45

55

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

*

Strain at Break (%) 2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

75

N

45

55

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

*

Stress at Break (MPa) 210

–

5.4

–

8.9

–

8.2

8.2

–

3.5

5

3

10

6.5

8

9

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

11500

Yield at Strain (%) *

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9

6.5

7

8

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PEEK, PTFE10, Graphite10, CF10

Yield Stress (MPa) *

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.2

2.8

4.9

17

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Vestakeep 4000 FC30 nf

Tensile Modulus (MPa) 20000

–

–

–

0.004

0.004

0.003

0.003

0.003

–

–

–

0.42

0.5

1.9

23

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PEEK, CF30

Description

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.11

0.11

0.5

0.5

0.5

3.8

4.6

6.5

0.38

0.48

0.37

0.39

Water Absorption (%)

Vestakeep 4000 CF30 nf

PEEK/Degussa

Name and Grade

11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics

680 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:30 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 681

PEEK

PEEK, GF30

PEEK, CF30

Victrex® HT G22

Victrex® HT G22GL30

Victrex® HT G22CA30

PES

PES, GF20

PES, GF20

PES, GF30

PES, GF30

PES

PES

PES

PES

Ultrason® E 1010 NAT(cond.)

Ultrason® E 2010 G4 UN(dry)

Ultrason® E 2010 G4 UN(cond.)

Ultrason® E 2010 G6 UN(dry)

Ultrason® E 2010 G6 UN(cond.)

Ultrason® E 2010 NAT(dry)

Ultrason® E 2010 NAT(cond.)

Ultrason® E 3010 NAT(dry)

Ultrason® E 3010 NAT(cond.)

PES

PES

PES

PES, GF20

Radel A-100

Radel A-200

Radel A-300

Radel AG-320

PES/Solvay

PES

Ultrason® E 1010 NAT(dry)

PES/BASF

PEEK, (CF+PTFE+Graphite)30

Victrex® 450FC30

5690

2660

2600

2600

2700

–

2700

–

10200

–

7500

–

2700

–

–

–

–

10100

–

–

–

–

90

–

90

–

*

–

–

–

90

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

6.7

–

6.7

–

*

–

*

–

6.7

–

*

*

*

*

105

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

140

–

130

–

*

–

218

164

110

134

3.2

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

1.9

–

2.4

–

*

–

2

2.9

20

2.2

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

45

–

47

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

N

–

N

–

45

–

45

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.8

6.8

6.8

7.5

–

7

–

8

–

6.5

–

6.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

*

7

*

8

*

8

*

7

*

–

–

–

–

3.88

3.54

3.54

3.54

3.8

–

3.8

*

4.3

*

4.2

*

3.8

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

2.1

*

2.1

*

1.5

*

1.7

*

2.1

–

–

–

0.06

(Continued )

0.0081

0.0056

0.0056

0.0056

140

*

140

*

100

*

100

*

140

*

–

–

0.0035

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 681

12/11/2007 6:21:30 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 682

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF30

PPS, (GF+MD)65

PPS, (GF+MD)65

Primef 4010

Primef 5084

Primef 7002

Primef 7010

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF60

PPS, (GF+MD)60

PPS, (GF+MD)65

PPS, GF65

PPS, (GF+GB)40

PPS, (GF+MD)60

PPS, CF15

PPS, PTFE5, GF40

PPS, CF30

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF45

PPS, GF42

Tedur® L 9107-1

Tedur® L 9113-2

Tedur® L 9200-1

Tedur® L 9214-1

Tedur® L 9217-1

Tedur® L 9300-1

Tedur® L 9310-4

Tedur® L 9400-1

Tedur® L 9401-1

Tedur® L 9404-1

Tedur® L 9510-1

Tedur® L 9511

Tedur® L 9512

PPS/Albis

PPS, GF40

Primef 4002

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

PPS/Solvay

15500

16500

14000

26000

14500

13500

11000

13500

19000

22000

17000

22000

14500

21000

20000

12000

14000

13000

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PES, GF30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Radel AG-360

180

180

180

170

165

135

50

170

130

145

180

170

180

160

160

140

180

160

120

Strain at Break (%) 1.4

1.4

1.7

0.6

1.5

1

0.5

1.8

0.8

0.9

1.7

1.4

1.8

1.2

1.2

1.8

1.7

1.6

3

40

38

45

22

38

20

8.5

40

25

25

35

28

55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1.9

40

38

45

22

–

20

8.5

40

–

25

35

28

55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

130

8

7.5

8.5

5

7.5

5.5

1.5

7.5

7

6

8

7.5

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

8

7.5

8.5

5

–

5.5

1.5

7.5

–

6

8

7.5

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

4.9

4.9

–

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.17

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

8630

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

90

90

–

20

20

0.003

0.0094

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PES, GF30

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Water Absorption (%)

Radel AG-330

Name and Grade

11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics (cont’d)

682 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:30 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 683

PPS, (GF+MD)60

PPS, MD55

PPS, MD50

PPS, (GF+MD)65

Tedur® L 9523

Tedur® L 9530

Tedur® L 9560

Tedur® P 9007

PPS

PPS

PPS

PPS

PPS

PPS, GF15

PPS, GF30

PPS, GF30

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS, PTFE, GF40

PPS, (GF+MD)53

PPS, (GF+MD)53

PPS, (GF+MD)65

PPS, (GF+MD)65

PPS, (GF+MD)60

PPS, (GF+MD)65

PPS, (GF+MD)65

Fortron 0203

Fortron 0203HS

Fortron 0205

Fortron 0214

Fortron 0320

Fortron 1115L0

Fortron 1130L4

Fortron 1131L4 ITT

Fortron 1140E7

Fortron 1140EC

Fortron 1140L0

Fortron 1140L4

Fortron 1140L6

Fortron 1140L7

Fortron 1141L4

Fortron 1342L4

Fortron 4184L4

Fortron 4184L6

Fortron 4332D4

Fortron 4665B6

Fortron 6160B4

Fortron 6165A4

Fortron 6165A6

PPS/Ticona

PPS, (GF+MD)60

Tedur® L 9521-1

19000

19000

17300

17300

21500

16600

16600

14400

15500

14500

14700

14700

–

–

15700

12200

12000

7700

–

3800

4000

4200

4200

19000

8500

10000

20000

19000

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

130

130

145

110

145

165

165

165

195

170

195

195

185

170

150

165

170

120

90

90

66

33

33

140

65

55

115

120

1.2

1.2

1

1.2

1

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.4

1.2

1.9

1.9

2

8

3

2

1

1

1

0.8

0.7

0.9

1

20

20

27

18

–

29

29

44

53

–

53

53

–

–

28

42

34

32

–

–

–

–

–

23

11

7

18

14

20

20

27

18

–

29

29

–

53

–

53

53

–

–

28

42

34

–

–

–

–

–

–

23

11

7

18

14

7

7

7

6

–

7

7

8.5

12

–

10

10

10

–

7

8

9

5

–

–

–

–

–

7.5

2.5

1.2

4

4.5

7

7

7

6

–

7

7

8.5

12

–

10

10

10

–

7

8

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

7.5

2.5

1.2

4

4.5

5.6

5.6

4.9

5.3

–

4.7

4.7

–

–

–

4.1

4.6

–

4.1

4.7

–

–

–

4.6

–

–

4

4

–

–

–

–

–

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

20

20

10

20

–

20

20

–

–

–

20

62

–

20

200

–

–

–

11

–

–

–

84

–

–

–

–

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 683

12/11/2007 6:21:30 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 684

PPS, (GF+MD)50

PPS, GF20

PPS, GF40

PPS, GF40

PPS

PPS

Fortron 6850L6

Fortron MT 9120L4

Fortron MT 9140L4

Fortron MT 9140L6

Fortron MT 9203HS

Fortron MT 9205C4

PPSU

PPSU

PPSU

PPSU

PPSU

PPSU

PPSU

Radel R-4300

Radel R-5000

Radel R-5100

Radel R-5500

Radel R-5700

Radel R-7000 A

Radel R-7200

PPSU/Solvay

PPS, (GF+MD)51

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Fortron 6450A6

2350

2790

2300

2300

2300

2300

2340

4000

4200

–

–

–

18500

–

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

70

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Yield at Strain (%)

PPS, PTFE, GF30

–

–

–

–

–

–

7.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Fortron 6345L4

–

76

–

–

–

–

–

65

30

190

190

120

125

90

150

Strain at Break (%) –

20

–

–

–

–

–

2

1

1.8

1.8

1.5

1

1.5

1.9

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

–

–

48

48

–

16

18

–

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

1

–

–

–

–

N

N

N

–

–

–

–

–

16

–

–

–

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

115

–

–

–

–

58

58

12

–

–

9

9

–

4

6

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

25

25

1

–

–

–

–

–

4

–

–

–

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3.2

4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

PPS, PTFE, (GF+MD)65

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

–

0.02

Water Absorption (%)

Fortron 6165D8

Name and Grade

11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics (cont’d)

684 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:31 PM

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 685

PSU, GF20

PSU, GF30

PSU, GF30

PSU

PSU

PSU

PSU

Ultrason® S 2010 G4 UN (cond.)

Ultrason® S 2010 G6 UN (dry)

Ultrason® S 2010 G6 UN (cond.)

Ultrason® S 2010 NAT (dry)

Ultrason® S 2010 NAT (cond.)

Ultrason® S 3010 NAT (dry)

Ultrason® S 3010 NAT (cond.)

PSU, GF10

PSU, GF20

PSU, GF30

PSU

PSU

PSU

PSU

PSU, GF10

PSU, GF22

PSU, GF40

PSU, GF30

PSU, MD

Udel GF-110

Udel GF-120

Udel GF-130

Udel P-1700

Udel P-1720

Udel P-3500

Udel P-3703

Mindel B-310

Mindel B-322

Mindel B-340

Mindel B-360

Mindel B-390

PSU/Solvay

PSU, GF20

PPSU

Ultrason® S 2010 G4 UN (dry)

PSU/BASF

Radel R-7300

2760

–

–

–

–

2480

2480

2480

2480

7380

5170

3660

2600

–

2600

–

9600

–

7000

–

2800

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

80

–

80

–

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.7

5.7

*

*

–

–

–

121

124

103

88

–

–

–

–

108

97

78

*

–

*

–

1.8

–

2.2

–

–

–

1.9

1.3

2.5

3.3

–

–

–

–

2

3

4

N

–

N

–

33

–

37

–

–

–

–

–

38

–

–

–

N

28

–

–

N

–

N

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

36

–

–

–

–

N

31

–

–

5.5

–

5.5

–

7

6

–

–

–

–

6.6

–

–

–

11

5.3

5.8

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

5.7

–

–

–

–

5.2

5.3

–

–

–

*

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

3.4

3.8

3.9

3.7

3.34

–

3.03

3.06

3.03

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.1

*

3.1

*

3.7

*

3.5

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

0.8

*

0.8

*

0.5

*

0.6

–

(Continued )

0.007

0.01

0.01

0.009

0.01

–

0.0034

0.0056

0.003

0.005

0.005

0.005

64

*

64

*

60

*

60

*

–

11: Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties 685

12/11/2007 6:21:31 PM

686

Mckeen_Ch11.indd 686

– 0.006 3.24 – – – – 6.9 69 – – PSU, GF10 Mindel S-1010

3370

– 0.007 3.5 8.7 7.8 N N – – – – PSU Mindel S-1000

2410

– 0.006 3.7 – – – – 5 68 – – 3790

– 0.003

0.009 3.7

3.8 –

– –

– –

– –

– 2

2.5 121

66 –

PSU, MD25

Description

Tensile Modulus (MPa)

Mindel M-825

Yield Stress (MPa)

–

Yield at Strain (%)

–

Stress at Break (MPa)

Name and Grade

11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics (cont’d)

Strain at Break (%)

–

Charpy Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

4480

Charpy Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

8970

Charpy Notched Impact 23°C (kJ/m2)

PSU, MD40

Charpy Notched Impact −30°C (kJ/m2)

PSU, GF30

Relative Permitivity @1MHz

Mindel M-800

Dissipation Factor @1MHz

Mindel B-430

Water Absorption (%)

–

The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:21:31 PM

12 Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 12.1 Background This contains data in tabular form. The tables in this section follow one or more of the following standards include where available: • ASTM D746-04 Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact • ISO 812:2006 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic—Determination of low-temperature brittleness • ISO 974:2000 Plastics—Determination of the brittleness temperature by impact • ASTM D696-03 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer • ASTM E831-06 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis • ISO 11359-1: Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 1: General principles • ISO 11359-2: Plastics—Thermomechanical analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature • ISO 75-1: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 1: General test method • ISO 75-2: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 2: Plastics and ebonite • ISO 75-3: Plastics—Determination of temperature of deflection under load—Part 3: Highstrength thermosetting laminates and long-fiber-reinforced plastics • ISO 6603-2: Plastics—Determination of puncture impact behavior of rigid plastics—Part 2: Instrumented impact testing

• ASTM E1356-03 Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry • ISO 3146:2000 Plastics—Determination of melting behavior (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods • ASTM C351-92b(1999) Standard Test Method for Mean Specific Heat of Thermal Insulation • ASTM C177-04 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus • ISO 8302:1991 Thermal insulation—Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties—Guarded hot plate apparatus • ASTM D1525-06 Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of Plastics • ISO 306:2004 Plastics—Thermoplastic materials—Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) The tables are grouped in Sections 12.2–12.10 in the same manner as in the earlier chapters of this book. The descriptions of the plastics are structured in two parts. The first part is the base polymers that are abbreviated as in Table 11.1.1. The fillers are listed next, and they are listed or abbreviated as those shown in Table 11.1.2, and are followed by a number indicating weight percent. Occasionally, the manufacturer only gives a combined weight, and in these cases the fillers are grouped in parentheses followed by the combined weight percent. These tables contain several notations besides numerical data. These are: * Inapplicable property or a property not relevant to this material. – Missing value, not applicable.

687

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 687

12/11/2007 6:24:35 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 688

PS PS PS PS PS PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I PS-I

EDISTIR N 1840

EDISTIR N 1910

EDISTIR N 2380

EDISTIR N 2560

EDISTIR N 2982

EDISTIR R 321P

EDISTIR R 540E

EDISTIR R 850E

EDISTIR RC 3

EDISTIR RC 600

EDISTIR RCL 600

EDISTIR RK

EDISTIR RK 451G

EDISTIR RK 5512G

EDISTIR RKL

EDISTIR RT 441M

EDISTIR RT 461F

EDISTIR SR 550 PS PS PS PS PS

STYRON 457

STYRON 485

STYRON 6335

STYRON 634

STYRON 637

Polystyrene/DOW

PS

EDISTIR N 1782

Polystyrene/Polimeri Europa

Name and Grade

12.2 Styrenic Plastics Description

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

88

97

92

93

95

95

93

95

95

95

95

96

87

100

92

102

83

89

102

75

80

73

73

78

68

75

72

74

74

74

74

73

73

74

72

73

70

80

75

80

69

71

80

Glass Transi- HDT @ Melt tion Tempera- 1.8 MPa Point (°C) ture (°C) (°C)

93

90

89

80

88

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

92

95

93

87

94

83

95

89

89

89

89

89

90

90

90

91

92

85

100

93

101

85

88

101

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.8

0.8

0.4

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

688 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:35 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 689

PS PS PS PS PS PS

STYRON 660

STYRON 678E

STYRON 686E

STYRON A-TECH 1120

STYRON A-TECH 1175

STYRON A-TECH 1200

PS-SY, MD22 PS-SY, GF25 PS-SY, GB30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF30 PS-SY, GF40

Edgetek sPS® QT-22MN/000 HI

Edgetek sPS® QT-25GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GB/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR HC

Edgetek sPS® QT-40GF/000 ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA

Luran® S 757 G

Luran® S 757 R

Luran® S 776 S

Luran® S 776 SE

Luran® S 777 K

ASA/BASF

PS-SY, GF22

Edgetek sPS® QT-22GF/000 FR

PS-SY, GF10, GB10

Edgetek sPS® QT-15GF-15GB/000 PS-SY, GB20

PS-SY, GF10, MD10

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF-10MN/000

PS-SY, GF20

PS-SY, GF10

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000 FR

Edgetek sPS® QT-20GB/000

PS-SY, GF10

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000

Edgetek sPS® QT-20GF/000

PS-SY, GB10, MD10

Edgetek sPS® QT-10GB-10MN/000

Polystyrene/PolyOne

PS

STYRON 648

*

*

*

*

*

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

97

96

96

97

96

240

225

220

240

200

215

190

215

220

190

210

210

190

210

190

66

68

69

83

71

83

83

101

101

101

101

101

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

79

8

80

96

82

95

96

97

92

92

98

97

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

85

–

88

100

86

100

100

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

–

0.3

0.3

0.18

0.3

0.31

0.63

0.31

0.25

0.29

0.19

–

–

0.29

–

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

(Continued )

*

*

*

*

*

–

0.54

0.54

0.45

0.4

0.53

0.53

0.51

0.49

0.42

0.46

–

–

0.52

–

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.7

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 689

12/11/2007 6:24:35 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 690

ASA ASA ASA ASA ASA, GF15

Luran® S 796 M

Luran® S 797 S

Luran® S 797 SE

Luran® S KR 2858 G3

ASA ASA ASA

POLYMAN® (ASA) E 1007 H

POLYMAN® (ASA) E/M11010

POLYMAN® (ASA) M/MI 2010

SAN

Lustran SAN® 35

SAN SAN, GF25

POLYMAN® (SAN) 29/10

POLYMAN® FSAN 35 GF SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN, GF35 SAN SAN

Luran® 358 N

Luran® 358 N Crystal Clear

Luran® 368 R

Luran® 368 R Crystal Clear

Luran® 378 P

Luran® 378 P G7

Luran® 388 S

Luran® KR 2556

SAN/BASF

SAN

POLYMAN® (SAN) 24/5

SAN/A. SCHULMAN

SAN

Lustran SAN® 32

SAN/LANXESS

ASA

POLYMAN® (ASA) E 1006

ASA/A. SCHULMAN

ASA

Luran® S 778 TE

Description

Luran® S 778 T

Name and Grade

12.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

106

106

106

–

–

103

103

103

103

*

*

*

*

*

*

104

99

105

98

98

98

98

98

*

100

98

102

101

84

87

*

71

110

95

95

95

103

103

Glass Transi- HDT @ Melt tion Tempera- 1.8 MPa Point (°C) ture (°C) (°C)

110

103

108

103

102

102

102

102

–

103

102

104

103

96

104

105

86

115

100

100

100

106

106

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

120

107

109

107

106

106

106

106

112

102

101

103

103

96

102

–

100

115

90

90

90

104

104

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.7

0.7

0.25

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.62

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.3

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

0.95

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.62

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

*

*

*

*

*

*

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

690 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:36 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 691

SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

KOSTIL B 266(1)

KOSTIL B 361 R11

KOSTIL B 361 R42

KOSTIL B 365(0)

KOSTIL B 366(1)

KOSTIL C 266(1)

SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN

TYRIL 125

TYRIL 790

TYRIL 867 EUV

TYRIL 867E

TYRIL 880

TYRIL 880B

TYRIL 905

TYRIL 905 UV ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

MAGNUM 1040

MAGNUM 2620

MAGNUM 2630

MAGNUM 2642

MAGNUM 275

MAGNUM 3325MT

MAGNUM 3404

MAGNUM 3404 “Smooth”

MAGNUM 3416SC

MAGNUM 342EZ

MAGNUM 344CC

ABS/DOW

SAN

TYRIL 100

SAN/DOW

SAN

KOSTIL B 265(0)

SAN/Polimeri Europa

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

106

105

105

–

106

106

106

80

80

108

101

101

101

85

80

84

82

80

–

100

88

87

–

101

101

88

88

86

86

86

82

85

86

86

94

89

–

–

104

–

95

87

93

95

93

–

–

100

99

–

–

–

100

98

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

96

94

108

102

100

101

99

95

99

101

98

102

104

106

105

104

104

101

107

104

106

105

105

100

101

105

105

–

0.78

–

–

0.7

–

0.79

0.78

1

1.02

0.8

0.4

0.4

0.57

0.61

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.63

0.58

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

0.65

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.6

0.6

–

–

0.6

0.6

0.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 691

12/11/2007 6:24:36 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 692

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

MAGNUM 9555

MAGNUM 9575

MAGNUM AG 700

MAGNUM FG 960

ABS

MAGNUM 545

MAGNUM 941

ABS

MAGNUM 541

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 5200

MAGNUM 9030

ABS

MAGNUM 3904 “Smooth”

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 3904

MAGNUM 9020

ABS

MAGNUM 3616

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 358HP

MAGNUM 9010

ABS

MAGNUM 357HP

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 3525

MAGNUM 8434

–

ABS

MAGNUM 3513

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 3504

ABS

ABS

MAGNUM 3490

MAGNUM 555

ABS

MAGNUM 348

MAGNUM 8391

–

ABS

MAGNUM 347EZ

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

ABS ABS

MAGNUM 344HP

Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

85

83

78

81

80

84

82

82

102

95

82

81

81

74

97

97

95

85

90

101

100

101

82

80

77

100

83

Glass Transi- HDT @ Melt tion Tempera- 1.8 MPa Point (°C) ture (°C) (°C)

MAGNUM 3453

Name and Grade

12.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

95

91

93

93

93

93

95

95

–

–

95

90

90

88

–

–

–

102

104

–

103

104

95

89

88

–

91

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

99

96

97

98

98

99

101

101

100

92

98

94

94

93

97

97

107

103

109

101

99

100

101

94

94

97

97

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.79

0.74

0.92

0.91

0.8

1

1.02

0.92

–

–

0.79

0.79

0.79

0.79

–

–

0.8

–

0.8

–

0.8

0.7

0.97

0.78

0.76

0.9

0.78

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.6

–

–

–

0.6

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

692 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:36 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 693

ABS ABS, GF15 ABS, GF20 ABS, GF15 ABS ABS, GB30 ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS

POLYFLAM® RABS 90000 UV6

POLYFLAM® RABS 90350 UV5

POLYFLAM® RABS 90950 UV5

POLYFLAM® RABS 92000 UV5

POLYMAN® (ABS) E/HI

POLYMAN® (ABS) FABS 30 GB

POLYMAN® (ABS) HH

POLYMAN® (ABS) HH 2

POLYMAN® (ABS) HH 3

POLYMAN® (ABS) HH 3 D

POLYMAN® (ABS) LC 145

POLYMAN® (ABS) LC 165

POLYMAN® (ABS) LC 185 A

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/AQ

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/HI-A

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/HI-G

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/HI-W

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/MI-A 40

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/MI-A K1452

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/SHI

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/TK

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/TK-A

POLYMAN® (ABS) M/TK-HH

POLYMAN® (ABS) NWB/HI ABS ABS

Lustran ABS® E401

Lustran ABS® H604

ABS/LANXESS

ABS

ABS

POLYFLAM® RABS 90000 UV5

ABS/A. SCHULMAN

MAGNUM HPC 952

–

–

–

–

*

–

*

*

–

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

103

116

105

–

105

105

–

106

–

105

116

105

105

105

118

115

–

–

–

102

115

–

–

115

–

–

98

94

80

102

92

–

90

92

*

95

88

91

98

95

99

101

104

105

104

103

93

88

88

91

77

80

80

83

102

100

91

106

96

96

94

96

–

101

93

95

102

101

–

104

109

110

109

108

102

93

102

98

92

85

92

94

102

99

93

105

98

98

94

97

95

101

90

94

103

96

102

100

110

110

110

108

98

92

105

94

93

84

96

98

0.8

0.9

–

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

0.7

–

0.82

(Continued )

–

–

–

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

0.7

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 693

12/11/2007 6:24:36 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 694

ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS, GF16 ABS

Lustran ABS® H607AS

Lustran ABS® H701

Lustran ABS® H702

Lustran ABS® H802

Lustran ABS® H950

Lustran ABS® M201AS

Lustran ABS® M202AS

Lustran ABS® M203FC

Lustran ABS® M301AS

Lustran ABS® M301FC

Lustran ABS® M305

Novodur® P2H-AT

Novodur® P2HE

Novodur® P2HGV

Novodur® P2M-AT

SBC SBC SBC

Styrolux® 3G 55

Styrolux® 656 C

Styrolux® 684 D ABS+PA6 ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+PC

POLYFLAM® (ABS/PA) RMMK 125

POLYFLAM® RMMB 40300

POLYFLAM® RMMB 4070

POLYFLAM® RMMB 4070 F FR 4

Styrenic Blends/A. SCHULMAN

SBC

Styrolux® 3G 46

Styrenic Blends/A. SCHULMAN

ABS ABS

Lustran ABS® H605

Description

Lustran ABS® H606LS

Name and Grade

12.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

114

91

84

60

65

67

51

58

93

102

96

93

94

96

96

94

94

96

105

101

99

99

96

98

98

Glass Transi- HDT @ Melt tion Tempera- 1.8 MPa Point (°C) ture (°C) (°C)

134

102

118

113

75

77

62

75

97

106

100

97

98

100

100

98

98

100

112

107

104

105

101

103

102

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

140

108

100

156

59

63

35

51

98

105

99

98

99

99

100

99

100

98

113

109

104

104

100

101

10

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

0.75

0.75

0.75

–

1

0.4

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.8

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

694 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 695

ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+PA6 ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+PC ABS+ASA ABS+ASA ABS+PA6, GF20

POLYFLAM® RMMB 60300

POLYFLAM® RMMB 60500

SCHULABLEND® (ABS/PA) M/MK

SCHULABLEND® (PC/ABS) M/MB 3

SCHULABLEND® (PC/ABS) M/MB 5

SCHULABLEND® (PC/ABS) M/MB 6

SCHULABLEND® (PC/ASA) WR 5

SCHULABLEND® (PC/ASA) WR 5 UV

SCHULABLEND® ABS/PA) M/MK 20 GF

ASA+PC ASA+PC ASA+PC ABS+PA6, GF8 ABS+PA6, GF20 ABS+PA6, GF30 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Luran® S KR 2863 C

Luran® S KR 2864 C

Luran® S KR 2866 C

Terblend® N NG 02

Terblend® N NG 04

Terblend® N NG-06

Terblend® N NM-11

Terblend® N NM-12

Terblend® N NM-13

Terblend® N NM-19

Terblend® N NMX04 ABS+PC ABS+PA6

Lustran ABS® H801

Triax® 1120

Styrenic Blends/Lanxess

ASA+PC

Luran® S KR 2861/1 C

Styrenic Blends/BASF

ABS+PC

POLYFLAM® RMMB 4070 HF

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

–

141

141

141

141

–

–

–

–

–

68

99

72

65

58

66

65

107

100

80

102

105

109

106

98

97

110

105

99

101

65

94

95

86

91

106

97

85

80

88

85

188

164

105

113

124

130

125

118

130

130

125

105

179

93

118

107

97

102

105

97

102

94

105

102

120

114

108

110

120

130

120

111

110

130

125

115

128

106

120

106

101

1.05

0.8

1

1

1

0.9

1

–

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

1.15

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 695

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 696

ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6, GF15 ABS+PA6 ABS+PA6

Triax® 1220 S

Triax® DP 3155

Triax® KU2-3050

Description

Triax® 1315 GF

Name and Grade

12.2 Styrenic Plastics (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

68

80

95

64

Glass Transi- HDT @ Melt tion Tempera- 1.8 MPa Point (°C) ture (°C) (°C)

91

175

175

91

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

102

163

112

97

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.05

0.7

0.4

1.05

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.15

0.9

1.2

1.15

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

696 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 697

POM, Z POM POM, RF5 POM POM+Imod POM+Imod POM POM POM POM POM POM, CF POM POM POM POM, Z20 POM, Z POM POM POM POM+Imod POM, Z POM, GF10 POM

Delrin® 100 NC010

Delrin® 100KM NC000

Delrin® 100P NC010

Delrin® 100ST NC010

Delrin® 100T NC010

Delrin® 107 NC010

Delrin® 111P NC010

Delrin® 1260 NC010

Delrin® 127UV NC010

Delrin® 150 NC010

Delrin® 300AS BK000

Delrin® 311 DP NC010

Delrin® 460 NC010

Delrin® 460E NC010

Delrin® 500AF

Delrin® 500AL NC010

Delrin® 500CL NC010

Delrin® 500MP NC010

Delrin® 500P NC010

Delrin® 500T NC010

Delrin® 500TL NC010

Delrin® 510GR NC000

Delrin® 511P NC010

Description

DeIrin® 100AL NC010

Acetal homopolymer/DuPont

Name and Grade

12.3 Polyethers

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

168

168

178

166

178

178

168

178

178

178

178

179

178

178

178

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

110

164

104

80

95

100

90

97

100

92

95

105

140

100

95

95

100

100

80

60

95

100

100

94

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

165

174

165

155

160

163

160

165

165

165

155

165

155

165

165

155

165

165

160

100

160

–

165

165

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

160

159

–

140

155

–

160

–

–

150

155

160

–

–

160

158

160

160

–

115

160

–

160

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.1

–

–

1.3

1.1

1

1.1

1.2

1

–

1.1

1.1

0.24

–

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.1

–

1.1

–

(Continued )

1.1

–

–

1.2

1.1

1

1.1

1.2

1

–

1.2

1.1

1.8

–

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

–

1.4

1.1

–

1.1

–

CLTE CLTE Parallel Normal (×10E4/°C) (×10E4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 697

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 698

POM, GF25 POM POM POM POM POM, GF20 POM POM, Z POM

Delrin® 527UV NC010

Delrin® 542CM NC010

Delrin® 560 NC010

Delrin® 560HD OR729

Delrin® 570 NC000

Delrin® 900P NC010

Delrin® 911AL NC010

Delrin® 911P NC010 POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM, GB10 POM, GB25 POM, GF10 POM, GF15 POM, GF20 POM, GF25 POM, GF25 POM, GF25 POM, GF10

CELCON AM90S

CELCON AM90S Plus

CELCON C13031 XAS

CELCON CF801

CELCON CF802

CELCON EC-90PLUS

CELCON EF10

CELCON GB10

CELCON GB25

CELCON GC10

CELCON GC15

CELCON GC20

CELCON GC25A

CELCON GC25T

CELCON GC25TF

CELCON GC90UV

Acetal copolymer/Ticona

POM, Z20

Delrin® 525GR NC000

Description

Delrin® 520MP NC010

Name and Grade

12.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

167

165

165

165

165

166

166

165

166

165

164

167

165

168

167

167

178

178

178

178

168

168

178

178

178

178

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

141

162

161

160

160

159

155

105

94

158

70

100

90

102

90

90

110

100

95

130

98

100

95

95

170

94

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

165

160

165

165

158

156

160

165

175

165

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

16

161

161

161

161

161

161

161

–

161

161

161

161

161

–

–

160

–

160

160

–

155

–

160

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

0.26

0.27

0.25

0.43

0.46

0.53

0.71

–

0.27

1

1

1.1

0.94

1.1

1

1.2

–

1.2

0.6

–

1

–

1.2

0.4

1

–

1

1.25

1.2

1.1

1

1.2

0.81

–

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1

1.1

1.1

1.2

–

1.2

0.85

–

1.1

–

1.2

1

0.95

CLTE CLTE Parallel Normal (×10E4/°C) (×10E4/°C)

698 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

POM POM POM POM POM POM, PTFE POM, PTFE POM, PTFE POM, PTFE POM, PTFE, Si POM POM, Si2 POM, Si POM, PTFE4, GF25 POM, Si2, GF22 POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM

CELCON LM25

CELCON LM90Z

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 699

CELCON LU02

CELCON LW25-S2

CELCON LW90

CELCON LW90-F2

CELCON LW90-F3

CELCON LW90-F4

CELCON LW90-F5

CELCON LW90FS-K

CELCON LW90GPK

CELCON LW90-S2

CELCON LW90-SC

CELCON LWGC-F4

CELCON LWGC-S2

CELCON M140

CELCON M140-L1

CELCON M15HP

CELCON M25

CELCON M25UV

CELCON M270™

CELCON M270UV

CELCON M30AE

CELCON M450

CELCON M50

CELCON M90-34

CELCON M90AW

CELCON M90SW

CELCON M90™

CELCON M90UV

165

165

166

167

165

165

166

163

167

166

166

166

172

166

166

165

167

165

166

167

166

167

167

166

166

–

166

167

167

167

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

101

101

90

86

100

97

103

91

102

103

93

94

101

100

102

161

160

–

94

91

87

91

94

98

98

98

90

90

95

98

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

161

161

161

161

–

161

161

161

161

161

161

161

166

161

161

161

–

–

161

–

–

161

–

161

161

161

–

16

161

161

1.1

1.2

1

1.1

–

1

–

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1

0.24

0.33

–

1.1

1

–

1

1

1.1

1

1.1

1.1

–

1

1.1

(Continued )

1.2

1.2

1

1.1

–

1

–

1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1

1.3

0.94

–

1.2

1.1

–

1

1

1.1

0.9

1.2

1.1

–

1.1

1.1

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 699

12/11/2007 6:24:37 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 700

POM POM, MD POM, MD POM, MD POM, MD POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM, Imod POM POM POM POM POM POM POM

CELCON MC270

CELCON MC270-HM

CELCON MC90

CELCON MC90-HM

CELCON MR15HPB

CELCON MR270B

CELCON MR50B

CELCON MR90B

CELCON MT12R01

CELCON MT12U01

CELCON MT12U03

CELCON MT24F01

CELCON MT24U01

CELCON MT2U01

CELCON MT8F01

CELCON MT8F02

CELCON MT8R02

CELCON MT8U01

CELCON TF-10XAP

CELCON TX25E

CELCON TX90

CELCON TX90PLUS

CELCON UV140LG

CELCON UV25Z

CELCON UV270Z

CELCON UV90Z

Description

CELCON M90XAP

Name and Grade

12.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

165

167

166

165

165

165

164

165

166

166

166

166

165

166

–

170

166

166

166

166

166

172

165

165

165

165

167

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

91

90

90

80

80

84

69

75

104

82

98

–

101

106

100

112

106

102

100

93

100

–

103

97

105

91

100

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

155

–

–

138

–

–

137

139

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

161

161

161

161

161

161

–

–

150

–

145

–

151

151

146

158

151

151

–

–

–

–

161

161

161

161

160

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.2

–

1.2

1.1

–

1.1

–

1.1

1.1

–

1.2

1.1

1.1

0.89

0.9

–

0.94

0.64

1

0.6

0.97

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.2

–

1.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

0.9

–

0.96

0.92

1.2

0.9

1.2

1.2

CLTE CLTE Parallel Normal (×10E4/°C) (×10E4/°C)

700 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 701

POM, GF10 POM, GF20 POM, GF30 POM, GF40 POM, GB10 POM, GB20 POM, GB30 POM POM POM POM

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV1/20

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV1/30

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV1/40

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV3/10

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV3/20

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV3/30

HOSTAFORM C 9021 K

HOSTAFORM C 9021 M

HOSTAFORM C 9021 SW

HOSTAFORM C 9021 TF

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

167

166

HOSTAFORM C 9021 GV1/10

166

POM

POM

HOSTAFORM C 27021 AST

166

HOSTAFORM C 9021 G

POM

HOSTAFORM C 27021

162

POM

POM

HOSTAFORM C 2552

165

HOSTAFORM C 9021 AW

POM

HOSTAFORM C 2521 G

165

POM

POM

HOSTAFORM C 2521

170

HOSTAFORM C 9021 10/1570

POM

HOSTAFORM C 13031 XF

170

POM

POM

HOSTAFORM C 13031 K

170

HOSTAFORM C 9021

POM

HOSTAFORM C 13031

166

166

POM

HOSTAFORM C 13021 RM

166

166

POM

HOSTAFORM C 13021

166

POM

POM

CELCON WR90Z

166

HOSTAFORM C 52021

POM

CELCON WR25Z

166

HOSTAFORM C 27021 GV3/30 POM, GB30

POM

CELCON UV90Z Metallics

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

98

80

100

100

112

110

108

161

160

159

154

88

88

105

104

106

112

100

106

96

84

101

102

105

107

102

106

95

92

88

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

159

–

–

–

–

152

–

–

145

140

150

150

151

151

151

160

158

157

156

140

145

150

150

151

151

150

151

150

140

151

–

156

158

151

151

161

161

–

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

0.9

1

1.1

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.8

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

0.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1

1.1

0.9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1

1

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

0.9

–

–

–

0.8

0.8

0.9

–

–

–

1.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.9

–

–

–

–

1.1

1.1

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 701

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 702

POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM POM, Imod

HOSTAFORM MR130ACS

HOSTAFORM MT12U01

HOSTAFORM MT12U03

HOSTAFORM MT24U01

HOSTAFORM MT8U01

HOSTAFORM S 27063

HOSTAFORM S 27064

HOSTAFORM S 27072 WS10/1570

HOSTAFORM S 9063

HOSTAFORM S 9064

HOSTAFORM S 9243

HOSTAFORM S 9244

POM, GF25 POM POM POM POM ROM, RF9

SCHULAFORM® 9 A GF 25

SCHULAFORM® 9 b

SCHULAFORM® 9 d

SCHULAFORM® 9 E HI

SCHULAFORM® 9 f

SCHULAFORM® AF 9 natur PPE PPE PPE, GF20

VESTORAN 1900 nf

VESTORAN 1900 sw

VESTORAN 1900-GF20 sw

PPE/Degussa

POM

SCHULAFORM® 9 A

Acetal copolymer/A. Schulman

POM

HOSTAFORM LM90

Description

HOSTAFORM EC140XF

Name and Grade

12.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

166

170

166

170

167

166

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

185

170

170

95

98

105

105

80

160

105

68

75

76

82

84

77

84

104

106

112

106

100

98

91

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

190

190

190

–

–

–

–

122

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

190

190

190

–

148

150

150

130

–

150

115

130

125

140

135

125

140

150

151

158

151

154

161

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.4

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1

0.94

1

1

0.5

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

1.1

1.1

CLTE CLTE Parallel Normal (×10E4/°C) (×10E4/°C)

702 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 703

PPE, GF20

VESTORAN X7342 nf PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, PTFE5 PPE+PS, PTFE10 PPE+PS, PTFE15 PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, (GF+MD)10 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)20 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)40 PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS PPE+PS, CF PPE+PS, (GF+MD)30 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)40 PPE+PS, GF10 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, PTFE5

Iupiace AH40

Iupiace AH50

Iupiace AH60

Iupiace AH70

Iupiace AH80

Iupiace AH8P

Iupiace AHF6005

Iupiace AHF6010

Iupiace AHF6015

Iupiace AN60

Iupiace AN70

Iupiace AN80

Iupiace AN91

Iupiace AP4

Iupiace AP6GM2

Iupiace AP6GM4

Iupiace AP6GM8

Iupiace AV60

Iupiace AV70

Iupiace AV90

Iupiace EHM1010A

Iupiace GAV2010

Iupiace GAV2515

Iupiace GH10

Iupiace GH20

Iupiace GH30

Iupiace GHF3005

PPE modified/Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics

PPE

VESTORAN X4893 sw

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

115

134

132

132

129

120

160

145

125

112

117

115

98

78

145

139

128

115

115

111

115

88

135

124

115

105

93

162

110

125

140

138

141

135

126

176

160

140

128

123

123

108

87

160

154

145

130

125

129

125

98

150

142

130

120

108

165

122

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

168

130

0.25

0.35

0.3

0.45

0.23

0.25

0.53

0.6

0.6

0.63

0.34

0.37

0.47

–

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.66

0.66

0.66

0.66

0.67

0.4

0.8

(Continued )

0.6

0.6

0.68

0.75

0.52

0.6

0.55

0.63

0.63

0.66

0.53

0.68

0.58

–

0.58

0.58

0.58

0.58

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.69

0.69

0.69

0.69

0.71

0.3

0.8

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 703

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 704

PPE+PS, PTFE10 PPE+PS, PTFE15 PPE+PS, GF10 PPE+PS, GF15 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, GF10 PPE+PS, GF15 PPE+PS, GF20 PPE+PS, GF30 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)20 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)35 PPE+PA6 PPE+PS, (GF+MD)30 PPE+PS, X PPE+PS, (GF+MD)35

Iupiace GHF3015

Iupiace GN10

Iupiace GN15

Iupiace GN20

Iupiace GN30

Iupiace GV10

Iupiace GV15

Iupiace GV20

Iupiace GV30

Iupiace GX1050

Iupiace GX1100

Iupiace NX7000

Iupiace TGV2010

Iupiace TX403

Iupiace VSG635V

Description

Iupiace GHF3010

Name and Grade

12.3 Polyethers (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

115

92

105

123

110

105

135

130

130

125

133

130

125

125

132

132

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

120

104

110

177

116

110

140

136

136

130

140

138

135

130

137

137

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.25

0.6

0.25

0.7

0.23

0.37

0.25

0.3

0.4

0.45

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.45

0.25

0.25

0.61

0.6

0.6

–

0.56

0.68

0.6

0.68

0.7

0.75

0.6

0.68

0.72

0.75

0.6

0.6

CLTE CLTE Parallel Normal (×10E4/°C) (×10E4/°C)

704 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 705

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF15 PC PC PC PC

Apec® 1605

Apec® 1695

Apec® 1700

Apec® 1703

Apec® 1705

Apec® 1745

Apec® 1795

Apec® 1800

Apec® 1803

Apec® 1805

Apec® 1895

Apec® 1897

Apec® 2095

Apec® 2097

Apec® DP1-9354

Apec® DP1-9379

Apec® DP1-9389

Apec® DP1-9354/1

Makrolon® 1095

Makrolon® 1239

Makrolon® 1243

Makrolon® 1260

Makrolon® 1804

Description

Apec® 1600

Polycarbonate/Bayer

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

148

–

145

148

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

127

122

124

130

136

185

175

162

162

172

173

157

158

160

161

162

148

148

148

149

150

138

138

140

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

140

135

137

142

142

208

194

174

174

191

192

172

173

172

173

174

160

160

160

161

162

150

150

152

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

148

142

143

148

145

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.65

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.35

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

(Continued )

0.65

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.65

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 705

12/11/2007 6:24:38 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 706

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Makrolon® 2205

Makrolon® 2207

Makrolon® 2405

Makrolon® 2407

Makrolon® 2458

Makrolon® 2558

Makrolon® 2605

Makrolon® 2607

Makrolon® 2658

Makrolon® 2665

Makrolon® 2667

Makrolon® 2805

Makrolon® 2807

Makrolon® 2858

Makrolon® 2865

Makrolon® 2867

Makrolon® 3103 MAS157

Makrolon® 3105

Makrolon® 3107

Makrolon® 3108

Makrolon® 3158

Makrolon® 6265

Makrolon® 6267

Makrolon® 6455

Makrolon® 6485

Makrolon® 6487

Makrolon® 6555

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d) Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

145

–

–

145

–

–

146

148

146

146

148

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

145

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

124

125

125

124

124

124

126

128

125

126

127

124

125

125

124

125

123

124

124

123

124

124

125

124

125

123

124

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

137

138

138

137

137

137

139

141

138

139

140

137

138

138

137

138

136

137

137

136

137

137

138

137

138

137

137

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

144

145

145

144

145

145

147

149

146

147

148

144

145

145

144

145

143

144

144

143

144

144

145

144

145

144

145

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

706 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:39 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 707

PC, GF20 PC, GF30 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC, GF35 PC, GF20 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Makrolon® 8025

Makrolon® 8035

Makrolon® 8315

Makrolon® 8325

Makrolon® 8345

Makrolon® 9125

Makrolon® 9415

Makrolon® 9425

Makrolon® AG2677

Makrolon® AL2447

Makrolon® AL2647

Makrolon® DP1-1265

Makrolon® DP1-1837

Makrolon® DP1-1853

Makrolon® DP1-1857

Makrolon® DP1-1870

Makrolon® KU1-1248

Makrolon® LQ2647

Makrolon® LQ3147

Makrolon® LQ3187

Makrolon® LTG2623

Makrolon® LTG3123

Makrolon® OD2015

Makrolon® Rx1805 PC PC PC PC

CALIBRE 1080 DVD

CALIBRE 200 10 MFR

CALIBRE 200 15 MFR

CALIBRE 200 22 MFR

Polycarbonate/Dow

PC

Makrolon® 6557

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

145

148

147

146

146

145

–

145

145

–

–

145

145

145

145

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

145

128

130

131

122

126

123

127

125

125

125

123

126

124

124

125

120

123

123

124

123

138

135

138

140

140

138

135

135

123

142

144

145

136

137

137

140

138

138

138

136

139

137

137

138

134

137

136

137

136

142

142

142

144

144

144

142

142

136

147

148

149

142

145

145

148

145

146

146

143

147

144

145

146

–

144

143

144

143

147

145

145

149

149

147

147

147

143

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.64

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.7

0.65

0.65

0.7

–

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.25

0.4

0.25

0.2

0.25

0.4

0.4

0.45

0.65

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.7

0.65

0.65

0.7

–

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.6

0.65

0.65

0.6

0.6

0.65

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 707

12/11/2007 6:24:39 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 708

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

CALIBRE 200 4 MFR

CALIBRE 200 6 MFR

CALIBRE 201 10 MFR

CALIBRE 201 15 MFR

CALIBRE 201 22 MFR

CALIBRE 201 4 MFR

CALIBRE 201 6 MFR

CALIBRE 202 10 MFR

CALIBRE 202 15 MFR

CALIBRE 202 22 MFR

CALIBRE 202 4 MFR

CALIBRE 202 6 MFR

CALIBRE 203 10 MFR

CALIBRE 203 15 MFR

CALIBRE 203 22 MFR

CALIBRE 203 4 MFR

CALIBRE 203 6 MFR

CALIBRE 2060 10 MFR

CALIBRE 2060 15 MFR

CALIBRE 2061 10 MFR

CALIBRE 2061 15 MFR

CALIBRE 2071 15 MFR

CALIBRE 300 10 MFR

CALIBRE 300 15 MFR

CALIBRE 300V 10 MFR

CALIBRE 300V 15 MFR

CALIBRE 300V 6 MFR

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d) Description

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

140

137

138

130

131

130

130

131

130

131

131

143

128

130

131

143

143

143

140

141

131

143

128

130

131

131

132

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

143

140

141

144

145

144

144

145

144

145

145

146

142

144

145

146

146

146

143

144

145

146

142

144

145

145

146

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

148

145

146

148

149

148

148

149

148

149

151

151

147

148

149

151

151

151

148

149

151

151

147

148

149

151

151

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

708 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:39 PM

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC, 10GF

CALIBRE 301 10 MFR

CALIBRE 301 15 MFR

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 709

CALIBRE 301 6 MFR

CALIBRE 301EP 22 MFR

CALIBRE 301EP 31 MFR

CALIBRE 301V 10 MFR

CALIBRE 301V 15 MFR

CALIBRE 301V 6 MFR

CALIBRE 302 10 MFR

CALIBRE 302 15 MFR

CALIBRE 302 6 MFR

CALIBRE 302EP 22 MFR

CALIBRE 302EP 31 MFR

CALIBRE 302V 10 MFR

CALIBRE 302V 15 MFR

CALIBRE 302V 6 MFR

CALIBRE 303 10 MFR

CALIBRE 303 15 MFR

CALIBRE 303 6 MFR

CALIBRE 303 8 MFR

CALIBRE 303EP 22 MFR

CALIBRE 303EP 31 MFR

CALIBRE 303V 10 MFR

CALIBRE 303V 15 MFR

CALIBRE 303V 4 MFR

CALIBRE 303V 6 MFR

CALIBRE 303V 8 MFR

CALIBRE 3041 35 MFR

CALIBRE 3043 35 MFR

CALIBRE 5101 15 MFR

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

137

135

135

138

140

140

137

131

138

128

141

131

130

131

131

130

131

138

128

131

130

131

131

130

138

138

128

131

130

131

147

138

138

141

143

143

140

145

142

142

144

145

144

145

145

144

145

142

142

145

144

145

145

144

141

142

142

145

144

145

148

144

144

146

148

148

145

149

145

147

149

151

148

149

151

148

149

145

147

151

148

149

151

148

146

145

147

151

148

149

0.38

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 709

12/11/2007 6:24:39 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 710

PC, GF20 PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC PC PC PC, Imod PC, Imod PC PC PC

CALIBRE 600 2 MFR

CALIBRE 600 3 MFR

CALIBRE 603 3 MFR

CALIBRE 701 10 MFR

CALIBRE 701 15 MFR

CALIBRE 7101 15 MFR

CALIBRE 7101 8 MFR

CALIBRE 7211 5 MFR

CALIBRE 891 10 MFR

CALIBRE 891 19 MFR

CALIBRE 893 19 MFR

CALIBRE IM 401 11

CALIBRE IM 401 18

CALIBRE MegaRad 2080 10 MFR

CALIBRE MegaRad 2080 15 MFR

CALIBRE MegaRad 2081 10 MFR PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC, GF30

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 01 RN

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 11 RN

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 21 RN

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 31 RN

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 41 R 10 GF

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 41 R 20 GF

POLYMAN® (PC) XP 41 R 30 GF

Polycarbonate/A. Schulman

PC, GF20

CALIBRE 5210 8 MFR

Description

CALIBRE 5210 15 MFR

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

139

138

138

127

126

123

123

123

123

124

119

119

127

127

127

143

138

138

122

123

132

142

143

135

134

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

147

145

144

138

138

137

137

137

137

140

134

138

–

–

–

–

–

–

140

140

–

145

146

147

146

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

151

152

150

147

150

149

149

143

143

143

140

145

151

151

151

150

150

150

147

149

150

150

150

154

153

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.73

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

710 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:39 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 711

PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC PC

Xantar® 18 R

Xantar® 18 SR D

Xantar® 18 UR

Xantar® 19 R

Xantar® 19 SR D

Xantar® 19 UR

Xantar® 22 R

Xantar® 22 SR FD

Xantar® 22 UR

Xantar® 24 R

Xantar® 24 SR D

Xantar® 24 UR

Xantar® 25 R

Xantar® 25 SR D

Xantar® 25 U

Xantar® 25 UR

Xantar® 27 R

Xantar® 27 SR D

Xantar® 27 U

Xantar® 27 UR

Xantar® F 22 R

Xantar® F 22 UR

Xantar® F 23 R

Xantar® F 23 UR

Xantar® F 25 R

Xantar® F 25 UR

Xantar® FC 19 R

Xantar® FC 19 UR

Xantar® FC 22 R

Polycarbonate/DSM

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

148

145

145

150

150

148

148

148

148

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

148

148

148

145

145

145

145

145

145

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 711

12/11/2007 6:24:40 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 712

PC PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF10 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF20 PC, GF30 PC, GF30 PC, GF40 PC, GF40 PC, Imod PC, Imod PC, Imod PC, Imod PC PC PC PC PC, GF10 PC, GF20

Xantar® FC 23 R

Xantar® FC 23 UR

Xantar® FC 25 R

Xantar® FC 25 UR

Xantar® G2F 23 R

Xantar® G2F 23 UR

Xantar® G4F 22 R

Xantar® G4F 22 UR

Xantar® G4F 23 R

Xantar® G4F 23 UR

Xantar® G4F 25 R

Xantar® G4F 25 UR

Xantar® G6F 23 R

Xantar® G6F 23 UR

Xantar® G8F 23 R

Xantar® G8F 23 UR

Xantar® MX 1000

Xantar® MX 1001

Xantar® MX 1002

Xantar® MX 1004

Xantar® MX 1020

Xantar® MX 1021

Xantar® MX 1021 D

Xantar® MX 1061

Xantar® MX 1081

Xantar® MX 1082

Description

Xantar® FC 22 UR

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

147

143

130

129

129

129

115

115

115

115

145

145

145

145

147

147

147

147

145

145

147

147

130

130

130

130

130

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

150

150

150

140

140

140

135

135

135

135

153

153

152

152

150

150

150

150

152

152

150

150

150

150

148

148

148

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.25

0.4

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.25

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.25

0.25

0.45

0.45

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

712 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:40 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 713

PC PC PC PC PC PC

Xantar® MX 2015

Xantar® MX 2021

Xantar® MX 2032

Xantar® MX 2034

Xantar® MX 2042 D

Xantar® RX 1045 PBT PBT PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT, GF7 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT

CELANEX 1300A

CELANEX 1400A

CELANEX 1462Z

CELANEX 1600A

CELANEX 1602Z

CELANEX 1612Z

CELANEX 1632Z

CELANEX 1642Z

CELANEX 1662Z

CELANEX 1700A

CELANEX 2000

CELANEX 2000-2

CELANEX 2000-K

CELANEX 2001

CELANEX 2001 HP

CELANEX 2002

CELANEX 2002-2

CELANEX 2002-3

CELANEX 2002AP

CELANEX 2002UV

CELANEX 2003

CELANEX 2003-2

PBT/Ticona

PC, GF9

Xantar® MX 1094

225

225

225

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

–

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

60

60

60

–

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

–

–

60

–

–

60

60

60

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

58

50

55

55

55

50

205

–

189

–

50

50

207

58

62

130

135

130

135

140

130

135

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

152

150

155

155

155

150

225

–

217

–

150

150

225

142

156

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

–

185

190

190

190

182

–

–

–

–

–

185

–

–

190

145

145

145

145

150

145

145

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

–

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

1

0.19

0.31

0.4

–

1.1

1.1

0.25

1.1

1.1

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.45

(Continued )

–

–

1.2

–

1.2

1.27

1.38

–

0.88

0.86

0.86

0.86

–

1.13

1.2

1.1

–

–

1.03

1.28

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 713

12/11/2007 6:24:40 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 714

PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF50 PBT, GB20 PBT, GB30 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF7

CELANEX 2004

CELANEX 2004-2

CELANEX 2008

CELANEX 2012

CELANEX 2014

CELANEX 2016

CELANEX 2025

CELANEX 2300 GV1/10

CELANEX 2300 GV1/20

CELANEX 2300 GV1/30

CELANEX 2300 GV1/50

CELANEX 2300 GV3/20

CELANEX 2300 GV3/30

CELANEX 2302 GV1/15

CELANEX 2302 GV1/20

CELANEX 2302 GV1/30

CELANEX 2360 FL

CELANEX 2360 GV1/10 FL

CELANEX 2360 GV1/20 FL

CELANEX 2360 GV1/30 FL

CELANEX 2401 MT

CELANEX 2402 MT

CELANEX 2403 MT

CELANEX 2404 MT

CELANEX 2500

CELANEX 3100

Description

CELANEX 2003HR

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

255

255

255

225

225

225

225

225

225

206

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

Melt Point (°C)

60

–

60

60

60

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

60

–

60

60

60

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

143

60

55

55

60

55

209

206

195

65

200

195

190

90

70

215

210

195

190

98

60

66

57

57

54

54

55

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

206

160

–

150

160

150

–

–

–

165

–

–

–

190

180

–

–

–

–

128

165

134

152

155

166

166

150

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

185

190

190

190

190

190

225

220

210

190

225

220

210

195

190

225

220

215

205

–

190

–

–

–

175

175

190

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.3

1.1

–

1.1

1.1

1.1

0.25

0.35

0.45

1.1

0.2

0.35

0.35

1

1.1

0.15

0.25

0.35

0.6

–

0.63

1.39

1.3

–

1.1

1.1

1.1

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.77

1.04

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

714 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:40 PM

PBT, GF7 PBT, GF14 PBT, GF7 PBT, GF7 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT PBT, GF20 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF40 PBT, GF40 PBT PBT, GF15

CELANEX 3109HR

CELANEX 3112-2

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 715

CELANEX 3114

CELANEX 3116

CELANEX 3200

CELANEX 3200-2

CELANEX 3200HR

CELANEX 3201

CELANEX 3209H

CELANEX 3210-2

CELANEX 3214

CELANEX 3216

CELANEX 3224

CELANEX 3226

CELANEX 3300

CELANEX 3300-2

CELANEX 3300D

CELANEX 3300HR

CELANEX 3300LM

CELANEX 3309HR

CELANEX 3309HRHF

CELANEX 3309HRT

CELANEX 3310

CELANEX 3314

CELANEX 3316

CELANEX 3325HRT

CELANEX 3400

CELANEX 3409HR

CELANEX 4016

CELANEX 4202

225

225

225

225

–

225

–

225

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

–

225

225

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

224

225

–

–

60

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

60

60

60

60

60

60

–

–

60

60

60

–

60

–

60

60

60

60

–

60

183

62

212

212

184

208

210

205

204

210

205

205

205

205

205

205

203

198

200

192

203

180

195

195

195

195

150

–

183

143

–

159

226

226

–

–

220

222

–

222

225

225

225

–

–

–

–

218

–

215

223

220

218

–

–

–

–

–

–

206

–

–

–

–

–

225

225

–

–

–

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

–

206

–

–

–

220

22

215

215

200

–

–

185

0.36

1

0.15

0.15

–

0.25

0.2

0.2

–

–

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.35

–

0.4

0.42

0.3

–

0.35

–

0.4

0.4

0.6

–

–

1.3

(Continued )

1

1

–

1.01

–

0.77

0.75

1.1

–

–

1

1

1

1

1

1

0.35

–

–

0.98

1.1

–

–

–

1.1

1.1

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 715

12/11/2007 6:24:40 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 716

PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF33 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT, (GF+Mica)40 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)30 PBT, (GF+Mica)35 PBT, (GF+Mica)35 PBT, (GF+Mica)35 PBT, (GF+Mica)35 PBT PBT, (GF+Mica)40 PBT, GF40

CELANEX 4300LM

CELANEX 4302

CELANEX 4302HS

CELANEX 4302LM

CELANEX 4305

CELANEX 4306

CELANEX 5200-2

CELANEX 5201

CELANEX 5202

CELANEX 5203

CELANEX 5300

CELANEX 5300-2

CELANEX 602AC

CELANEX 6400-2

CELANEX 6406

CELANEX 6407

CELANEX 6500

CELANEX 6500LM

CELANEX 7316

CELANEX 7700

CELANEX 7714

CELANEX 7716

CELANEX J235

CELANEX J600

CELSTRAN PBT-GF40-08

Description

CELANEX 4300

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

–

225

225

225

–

225

225

225

225

–

225

–

225

225

225

–

–

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

–

225

Melt Point (°C)

–

95

–

60

–

60

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

60

–

–

–

95

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

225

190

–

194

213

204

184

202

202

172

160

200

139

200

200

189

180

180

190

164

206

173

173

173

200

200

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

226

–

–

222

184

223

212

223

223

209

205

220

202

–

–

218

215

215

–

210

224

–

–

–

–

220

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

205

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

150

220

–

225

225

–

–

–

210

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.16

0.2

–

–

–

0.14

0.3

0.28

0.28

0.19

0.25

0.25

–

0.2

0.2

–

–

–

0.35

0.2

0.2

–

–

0.18

–

0.25

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.87

0.68

–

–

–

0.79

0.55

0.85

0.85

0.7

0.97

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.87

0.65

–

–

1.25

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

716 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:41 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 717

PBT, GF30 PBT, GF50 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, (GF+MF)30 PBT, GB20 PBT, GB30 PBT, GF25 PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT PBT PBT

Ultradur® B 4030 G6

Ultradur® B 4300 G10

Ultradur® B 4300 G2

Ultradur® B 4300 G3

Ultradur® B 4300 G4

Ultradur® B 4300 G6

Ultradur® B 4300 GM42

Ultradur® B 4300 K4

Ultradur® B 4300 K6

Ultradur® B 4400 G5

Ultradur® B 4406

Ultradur® B 4406 G2

Ultradur® B 4406 G4

Ultradur® B 4406 G6

Ultradur® B 4500

Ultradur® B 4520

Ultradur® B 4520 Z2 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF20

Pocan® B 1300

Pocan® B 1305

Pocan® B 1501

Pocan® B 1505

Pocan® B 1600

Pocan® B 2505

Pocan® B 3215

Pocan® B 3215 Z

Pocan® B 3225

Pocan® B 3225 Z

PBT/LANXESS

PBT

Ultradur® B 2550

PBT/BASF

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

210

–

190

70

60

70

70

60

60

50

65

65

200

190

60

212

90

95

70

210

215

205

200

200

215

205

65

–

220

–

*

160

160

170

170

160

160

120

165

165

223

215

170

224

195

200

170

223

220

220

220

220

220

220

165

–

215

–

205

190

170

180

170

180

170

130

–

–

220

–

170

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.8

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.35

1.45

1.45

0.5

0.5

0.55

0.305

0.9

0.75

0.85

0.4

0.25

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.25

0.25

1.45

(Continued )

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.1

0.8

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 717

12/11/2007 6:24:41 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 718

PBT, GF12 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, X25 PBT, GB20 PBT PBT PBT, GF30 PBT, GF15 PBT, (GB+GF)30 PBT PBT, Imod PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF25 PBT PBT, GF7 PBT PBT

Pocan® B 4225

Pocan® B 4235

Pocan® B 4239

Pocan® B 7375

Pocan® B 7425

Pocan® DP 1105

Pocan® DP 7139

Pocan® KL1-7033

Pocan® KL1-7265

Pocan® KL1-7835

Pocan® KU1-7301

Pocan® KU2-7020/1

Pocan® KU2-7209

Pocan® KU2-7240

Pocan® KU2-7241

Pocan® KU2-7503/1 Z

Pocan® KU2-7755

Pocan® S 1506

Pocan® S 1517 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT

Arnite® T06 200

Arnite® T06 200 SNF

Arnite® T06 202

Arnite® T06 202 XL

Arnite® T06 204 SN

PBT/DSM

PBT, GF30

Pocan® B 4215

Description

Pocan® B 3235

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

75

60

55

60

55

60

55

145

–

190

–

–

–

60

180

195

200

200

65

70

70

205

210

210

185

210

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

165

170

165

140

165

120

100

*

–

*

–

–

–

160

*

215

220

215

160

*

160

*

220

220

205

220

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

*

*

*

*

*

140

130

205

–

200

205

205

140

170

200

205

185

21

19

190

185

205

210

205

205

215

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

0.7

1.3

1

0.6

–

0.3

–

–

–

1.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

–

–

1

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

0.7

1.3

1.1

0.9

–

0.9

–

–

–

1.2

0.7

0.9

1

–

–

1.1

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

1

0.9

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

718 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:41 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 719

PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF30

Arnite® T08 200

Arnite® TV4 220

Arnite® TV4 230

Arnite® TV4 230 SF

Arnite® TV4 240

Arnite® TV4 240 S

Arnite® TV4 260 S

Arnite® TV4 260 SF

Arnite® TV4 261 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, Imod PBT, Imod, GF15 PBT, Imod, GF30 PBT, (MD+GF)45 PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT PBT, GF10 PBT, GF15 PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF45

Crastin® 6129 NC010

Crastin® 6130 NC010

Crastin® 6131 NC010

Crastin® 6134 NC010

Crastin® BM6450XD BK560

Crastin® HR5315HF NC010

Crastin® HR5330HF NC010

Crastin® HTI668FR NC010

Crastin® S600F10 NC010

Crastin® S600F20 NC010

Crastin® S600F40 NC010

Crastin® S600LF NC010

Crastin® S620F20 NC010

Crastin® S660FR NC010

Crastin® SK601 NC010

Crastin® SK602 NC010

Crastin® SK603 NC010

Crastin® SK605 NC010

Crastin® SK608 BK509

PBT/DuPont

PBT

Arnite® T06 204 XL

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

205

225

225

220

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

205

205

205

195

175

55

60

60

60

60

60

185

205

200

50

60

60

60

60

205

210

210

210

205

190

195

–

55

60

220

220

–

–

–

165

180

185

180

180

160

–

220

220

130

180

180

180

160

220

220

220

220

220

215

220

–

170

170

215

215

210

205

205

–

175

175

175

175

175

170

–

–

–

–

175

–

175

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

–

1.3

–

1.3

1.3

1.3

0.4

–

–

–

–

–

1.1

1.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

–

0.7

0.7

(Continued )

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

–

1.3

–

1.3

1.3

1.3

1

–

–

–

–

–

1.4

1.3

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

0.7

0.7

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 719

12/11/2007 6:24:41 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 720

PBT, GF15 PBT, GF30 PBT, GF20 PBT, Imod PBT, Imod PBT, Imod PBT, GF20 PBT, GF30 PBT, Imod, GF5 PBT, Gf10

Crastin® SK665FR BK507

Crastin® SO653 NC010

Crastin® ST820 NC010

Crastin® ST830FR NC010

Crastin® ST830FRUV NC010

Crastin® T803 NC010

Crastin® T805 NC010

Crastin® T835FRUV NC010

Crastin® T841FR NC010

PET, GF30 PET, GF45 PET, GF15 PET, GF30 PET, GF30 PET, GF45 PET, GF13 PET, GF35 PET, GF45 PET, GF35 PET, GF45

IMPET 2700 GV1/30

IMPET 2700 GV1/45

IMPET 320R

IMPET 330

IMPET 330R

IMPET 340R

IMPET 610R

IMPET 630R

IMPET 740

IMPET 830R

IMPET 840R PET, Imod, GF30 PET, Imod, GF15

Rynite® 408 NC010

Rynite® 415HP NC010

PET/DuPont

PET, GF20

IMPET 2700 GV1/20

PET/Ticona

PBT, GF50

Crastin® SK662FR NC010

Description

Crastin® SK609 NC010

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

250

250

250

–

246

250

250

250

250

250

250

255

255

255

205

223

205

205

225

224

225

225

225

209

225

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

207

220

228

216

228

175

164

229

224

224

203

228

225

215

170

120

185

180

55

58

48

60

210

200

205

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

238

–

244

235

–

230

223

252

240

240

235

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

125

130

105

185

220

220

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

206

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

260

260

255

180

–

190

–

–

–

125

195

–

–

215

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.2

0.14

0.15

0.31

0.15

0.31

0.38

0.68

0.32

0.32

0.34

0.15

0.2

0.3

0.7

–

0.3

0.35

–

–

1.9

1.1

0.2

1

0.2

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.17

0.85

1

0.72

1

0.5

0.59

0.65

0.77

0.77

0.76

–

–

–

1.4

–

1.2

1.6

–

–

1.9

1.1

0.9

0.3

0.8

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

720 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:41 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 721

PET, GF30 PET, GF30 PET, GF36 PET, GF45 PET PET, (GF+P)35 PET, (GD+GF)36 PET, (MD+GF)40 PET, GF15 PET, GF30 PET, GF43 PET, GF45

Rynite® 530 NC010

Rynite® 530CS NC011

Rynite® 536 NC010

Rynite® 545 NC010

Rynite® 555 NC010

Rynite® 935 NC010

Rynite® 936CS NC011

Rynite® 940 BK505

Rynite® FR515 NC010

Rynite® FR530L NC010

Rynite® FR543 NC010

Rynite® FR943 NC010

PET PET PET, GF20 PET, GF33 PET, GF33 PET, GF35 PET, GF35 PET, GF35 PET, GF50 PET

Arnite® A06 300

Arnite® A06 700

Arnite® AV2 340

Arnite® AV2 360 S

Arnite® AV2 365 SN

Arnite® AV2 370

Arnite® AV2 370 /B

Arnite® AV2 372

Arnite® AV2 390

Arnite® D00 301 PCT, GF30 PCT, GF40 PCT, GF20 PCT, GF30

Thermx® CG033 NC010

Thermx® CG043 NC010

Thermx® CG923 NC010

Thermx® CG933 NC010

PCT/DuPont

PET

Arnite® A04 900

PET/DSM

PET

Rynite® 425LW BK505

285

–

–

–

255

255

255

255

255

255

255

255

255

255

255

250

254

252

254

250

247

252

252

252

246

245

252

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

103

234

–

262

70

240

235

235

235

240

235

225

–

–

80

220

224

222

200

220

205

200

229

226

230

225

224

170

–

–

–

270

75

255

250

250

250

250

250

245

–

–

115

240

240

243

240

241

–

230

*

250

–

245

245

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

214

224

218

210

–

225

204

230

230

–

–

228

–

0.06

0.15

0.24

0.32

0.8

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.75

0.8

0.7

0.19

0.11

0.25

0.18

0.15

–

0.16

0.08

0.13

–

–

0.1

0.28

(Continued )

1

1.1

0.75

0.85

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.65

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.7

0.65

0.79

1.1

0.88

0.6

–

0.52

0.75

0.71

–

–

0.81

0.89

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 721

12/11/2007 6:24:42 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 722

LCP, GF30 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40 LCP, MD30 LCP, (GF+MD)35 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF45 LCP, GF40 LCP, GF30 LCP, MD30 LCP, GF30 LCP, (GF+MD)50

Zenite® 6130 BK010

Zenite® 6130LX BK010

Zenite® 6140L BK010

Zenite® 6330 BK010

Zenite® 6635 BK010

Zenite® 7130 BK010

Zenite® 7145L BK010

Zenite® 9140HT NC010

Zenite® ZE16130A BK010

Zenite® ZE16401 BK010

Zenite® ZE17101 BK010

Zenite® ZE55201 BK010 LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF50 LCP, CF30 LCP, GF25, X25 LCP, PTFE LCP, PTFE, GF LCP, X15 LCP, X30 LCP, Graphite25 LCP, Z25 LCP

VECTRA A115

VECTRA A130

VECTRA A150

VECTRA A230

VECTRA A410

VECTRA A430

VECTRA A435

VECTRA A515

VECTRA A530

VECTRA A625

VECTRA A700

VECTRA A725

LCP/Ticona

LCP, GF45

Description

Zenite® 5145L BK010

LCP/DuPont

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

335

352

335

335

–

355

353

335

335

335

335

335

319

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

120

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

160

232

185

190

185

230

165

235

225

240

235

230

265

295

240

–

356

295

295

229

245

235

209

265

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

300

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

275

–

–

300

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

156

159

151

149

146

138

165

158

177

160

162

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.1

0.08

0.05

0.1

0

0

0.01

0.07

0.02

0.07

0.06

0.1

–

–

–

–

–

0.07

0.11

–

–

–

–

–

0.07

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.31

0.25

0.19

0.3

0.3

0.19

0.46

0.24

0.18

0.19

0.23

0.18

–

–

–

–

–

0.24

0.21

–

–

–

–

–

0.36

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

722 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:42 PM

LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, CF30 LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF50 LCP, X50 LCP, X LCP, Milled Glass30 LCP, GF30 LCP LCP, GF40 LCP, X30 LCP, X40 LCP, X40 LCP, X40 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF40 LCP LCP, GF15 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF, PTFE LCP, X15 LCP, X30 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF30 LCP, GF30 LCP, X40

VECTRA A950

VECTRA B130

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 723

VECTRA B230

VECTRA C115

VECTRA C130

VECTRA C150

VECTRA C550

VECTRA C810

VECTRA D130M

VECTRA E130i

VECTRA E471i

VECTRA E480i

VECTRA E530i

VECTRA E540i

VECTRA E820i

VECTRA E820i Pd

VECTRA H130

VECTRA H140

VECTRA L130

VECTRA L140

VECTRA MT1300

VECTRA MT1305

VECTRA MT1310

VECTRA MT1335

VECTRA MT1340

VECTRA MT1345

VECTRA MT2310

VECTRA MT3310

VECTRA MT4310

VECTRA MT4350

335

335

325

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

300

300

330

330

–

335

335

335

335

335

335

330

325

325

325

325

325

280

280

280

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

230

276

255

235

190

185

230

235

230

187

240

235

306

298

220

220

230

235

270

265

276

220

197

225

255

255

250

235

235

187

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

195

192

169

151

149

146

160

162

145

176

175

224

221

–

203

195

–

–

200

195

–

180

184

192

192

176

167

169

145

0.11

0.07

0.06

0.03

0.1

0

0

0.06

0.1

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.04

0.02

0.23

0.17

0.11

0.02

–

0.06

0.07

0.12

0.23

0.1

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.04

(Continued )

0.11

0.2

0.18

0.13

0.3

0.3

0.19

0.23

0.18

0.38

0.34

0.19

0.18

0.22

0.49

0.57

0.11

0.34

–

0.18

0.2

0.38

0.4

0.37

0.17

0.18

0.22

0.04

0.13

0.38

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 723

12/11/2007 6:24:42 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 724

LCP, GF30 LCP LCP

VECTRA V100P

VECTRA V300P

LCP, GF30 LCP, T45

XYDAR G-930

XYDAR M-345 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Bayblend® DP T50

Bayblend® DP T65 TX

Bayblend® DP T90

Bayblend® FR 2000

Bayblend® FR 2000 BBS052

Bayblend® FR 2010

Bayblend® FR 3000

Bayblend® FR 3005

Bayblend® FR 3030

Bayblend® KU 1-1446

Bayblend® KU 2-1514

Bayblend® KU 2-1514 BBS073

Bayblend® KU 2-1522

Bayblend® KU 2-3020

Bayblend® R-R 610

Bayblend® T45

Bayblend® T45 PG

Bayblend® T65

Polyester blends/Bayer

LCP, GF30

XYDAR G-430

LCP/Solvay

LCP, GF35

VECTRA T130

Description

VECTRA S135

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

370

350

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

100

95

95

85

86

121

115

115

98

96

78

82

90

78

80

–

–

97

229

271

298

105

140

300

335

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

122

112

112

95

96

134

126

126

118

106

87

92

100

88

90

–

–

116

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

118

110

110

108

10

132

134

134

118

113

93

95

106

91

93

125

118

116

–

–

226

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.8

0.85

0.85

0.76

–

0.4

0.68

0.68

0.9

0.76

0.76

0.76

0.76

0.76

0.76

–

–

0.8

–

–

0.03

0.01

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.85

0.9

0.9

0.8

–

0.75

0.68

0.68

0.95

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

–

0.85

0.05

−0.01

–

–

0.19

0.23

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

724 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:42 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 725

PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS, GF20 PC+PET, MD10 PC+PET, Imod PC+PET, Imod, MD20 PC+PBT, Imod, MD10 PC+PBT, Imod, MD20 PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod PC+PBT, Imod

Bayblend® T88-2N

Bayblend® T88-4N

Makroblend® DP 2-7655

Makroblend® DP 7645

Makroblend® DP 7665

Makroblend® KU 2-7608

Makroblend® KU 2-7609

Makroblend® KU 2-7912

Makroblend® KU 2-7912/4

Makroblend® KU 2-7912/5

Makroblend® KU 2-7915

Makroblend® KU 2-7940

Makroblend® S 7916

Makroblend® S 7916/2

PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+PET, GF15 PBT+PET, (GF+MD)40 PBT+PC, GF20 PBT+PC, GF30 PBT+ABS, GF20 PBT+PC PBT+PET, GF20 PBT+PET, GF30

Pocan® DP 7042

Pocan® DP 7043

Pocan® KU1-7313

Pocan® KU1-7341

Pocan® KU1-7625

Pocan® KU1-7635

Pocan® KU2-7125

Pocan® KU2-7604

Pocan® T 7323

Pocan® T 7331

Arnite® TM4 440

PBT+PET, MD20

PBT+ASA, GF15

Pocan® DP 7041

Polyester blends/DSM

PBT+PC, GF30

Pocan® B 7616

Polyester blends/Lanxess

PC+ABS

Bayblend® T85

225

–

–

225

–

225

225

–

–

–

–

–

225

225

225

225

222

–

–

–

225

225

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

100

205

200

–

135

–

–

180

195

185

175

170

100

60

60

–

85

82

88

80

–

–

–

–

109

122

118

109

195

220

220

–

200

–

–

215

220

–

–

–

–

115

110

–

*

120

122

120

–

–

–

–

*

134

130

127

–

210

205

–

130

–

–

205

195

–

–

–

145

120

115

122

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

132

129

129

–

0.3

0.4

1

0.3

–

–

0.3

0.5

–

–

–

0.4

1.4

1.3

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.5

0.7

0.55

0.84

0.7

0.3

0.42

0.75

(Continued )

–

0.6

0.7

1

0.8

–

–

0.6

1.1

–

–

–

0.7

1.4

1.3

0.9

1

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.55

0.75

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 725

12/11/2007 6:24:43 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 726

PBT+PET, GF30 PBT+PET, GF30 PC+PET PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

Arnite® TV4 461 KL

Stapron® E EM 605

Xantar® C CE 407

Xantar® C CF 107

Xantar® C CF 407

Xantar® C CM 206

Xantar® C CM 206 U

Xantar® C CM 406

Xantar® C CM 406 FD

Xantar® C CM 406 U

Xantar® C CM 506

Xantar® C CM 506 U

Xantar® C MC 3433

Xantar® C MC 3700 PBT+PET, GF50 PBT+PET, GF10 PBT+PET, GF20 PBT+PET, GF30 PBT, GF10 PBT, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF10 PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF30

Ultradur® B 4040 G10

Ultradur® B 4040 G2

Ultradur® B 4040 G4

Ultradur® B 4040 G6

Ultradur® B 4406 G4 Q113

Ultradur® B 4406 G6 Q113

Ultradur® S 4090 G2

Ultradur® S 4090 G4

Ultradur® S 4090 G4X

Ultradur® S 4090 G6

Polyester blends/BASF

PBT+PET, GF20

Arnite® TV4 461

Description

Arnite® TV4 441

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

223

223

223

223

223

223

235

235

235

235

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

175

190

160

105

195

180

202

180

168

205

110

90

110

110

105

105

105

95

95

100

90

100

120

205

205

200

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

210

210

205

190

220

215

220

215

216

221

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

225

225

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

160

–

157

150

–

–

–

–

–

–

13

10

13

13

12

120

120

110

110

120

104

120

130

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.3

–

0.4

0.55

0.28

0.35

–

–

–

0.25

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

0.8

0.4

0.4

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.6

0.6

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

726 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:43 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 727

PBT+ASA, GF14

Ultradur® S 4090 GX

PBT+ASA, GF20 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+ASA, GF30 PBT+SAN, GF20 PBT+SAN, GF30

Crastin® LW9020FR NC010

Crastin® LW9030 NC010

Crastin® LW9030FR NC010

Crastin® LW9320 NC010

Crastin® LW9330 NC010

PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS, GF20 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS, GF10 PC+ABS PC+ABS PC+ABS

PULSE 1350

PULSE 1370

PULSE 1550

PULSE 1718GF

PULSE 2000

PULSE 2000EZ

PULSE 2100LG

PULSE 2200BG

PULSE 830

PULSE 920MG

PULSE 979

PULSE A20-95

PULSE A35-105

PULSE A35-110 PBT+PET, GF10 PBT+PET, GF20 PBT+PET, GF30 PBT+PET, GF45

SCHULADUR® PCR GF 10

SCHULADUR® PCR GF 20

SCHULADUR® PCR GF 30

SCHULADUR® PCR GF 45

Polyester blends/A. Schulman

PC+ABS

PULSE 1310

Polyester blends/Dow

PBT+ASA, GF20

Crastin® LW9020 NC010

Polyester blends/DuPont

PBT+ASA, GF30

Ultradur® S 4090 G6X

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

220

220

225

225

225

225

223

223

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

202

205

200

169

110

105

96

–

102

105

109

104

105

107

113

117

105

104

98

185

180

190

180

175

170

170

205

–

225

225

–

130

126

110

–

126

129

131

126

126

130

–

131

129

125

122

–

–

–

–

–

–

210

220

–

–

132

122

109

131

128

134

131

128

124

130

120

131

134

128

121

–

–

–

150

–

145

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.72

0.72

0.75

0.69

0.72

–

0.34

0.72

0.66

0.65

–

0.3

–

0.25

–

0.3

0.52

0.3

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 727

12/11/2007 6:24:43 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 728

LCP+PPS, GF40 LCP+PPS, GF40 PBT Alloy PBT Alloy PBT Alloy, P10 PBT Alloy PBT Alloy PBT Alloy, GF7 PBT Alloy, GF15 PBT Alloy, GF30 PBT Alloy PBT Alloy

VECTRA V143XL

VANDAR 2100

VANDAR 2100UV

VANDAR 2122

VANDAR 2500

VANDAR 4602Z

VANDAR 4612R

VANDAR 4632Z

VANDAR 4662Z

VANDAR 6000

VANDAR 8000

Description

VECTRA V140

Polyester blends/Ticona

Name and Grade

12.4 Polyesters (cont’d)

225

–

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

225

335

280

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

60

60

60

60

–

–

60

60

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

52

74

175

154

92

48

50

53

50

50

260

270

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

127

106

218

210

200

110

125

128

110

110

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

190

180

170

130

–

–

137

137

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.1

0.9

0.15

0.25

0.4

1.3

1.3

–

1.3

1.3

0.08

0.11

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

1.27

1.41

1.38

–

1.34

–

–

–

0.31

0.21

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

728 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:43 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 729

PEI PEI PEI PEI PEI Blend PEI, GF10 PEI, GF10 PEI, GF20 PEI, GF20 PEI, Milled GF20 PEI, GF30 PEI, GF30 PEI, Milled GF30 PEI, GF40 PEI, GF40 PEI, GF40 PEI, (GF+MD)45 PEI, (GF+PTFE+Graphite) PEI, PTFE PEI, PTFE PEI PEI PEI PEI, GF20

Ultem® 1010

Ultem® 1100

Ultem® 1110

Ultem® 1285

Ultem® 2100

Ultem® 2110

Ultem® 2200

Ultem® 2210

Ultem® 2212

Ultem® 2300

Ultem® 2310

Ultem® 2312

Ultem® 2400

Ultem® 2410

Ultem® 2412EPR

Ultem® 3452

Ultem® 4000

Ultem® 4001

Ultem® 4002

Ultem® 9011

Ultem® CRS5001

Ultem® CRS5011

Ultem® CRS5201

Description

Ultem® 1000

PEI/GE Plastics

Name and Grade

12.5 Polyimides

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

225

225

225

217

–

–

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

–

217

217

217

217

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

218

204

201

–

200

200

212

212

203

212

212

207

210

210

205

211

210

207

208

165

198

198

198

201

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

213

215

215

–

–

212

–

210

210

–

210

–

–

–

207

210

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

219

–

233

–

222

234

234

–

–

227

–

225

220

–

223

181

–

–

218

218

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

0.39

–

0.162

–

0.25

0.144

0.144

0.234

0.162

0.198

–

–

0.252

–

0.324

0.486

–

–

0.558

0.558

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

0.4

–

1.62

–

0.3

–

–

0.27

0.414

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.486

–

–

–

0.54

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 729

12/11/2007 6:24:43 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 730

– –

Ultem® EXUM0169 PEI PEI PEI PEI

Ultem® LTX300A

Ultem® MD130A

Ultem® XH6050

PAI,Graphite20, PTFE3 PAI,Graphite12, PTFE3 PAI PAI, GF30 PAI, CF30

Torlon® 4275

Torlon® 4301

Torlon® 4435

Torlon® 5030

Torlon® 7130

PI, Graphite10 PI, Graphite15 PI, Graphite30 PI, Graphite40 PI, Graphite15, PTFE10 PI, Moly15

Vespel® ST-2010

Vespel® SP21

Vespel® ST-2030

Vespel® SP22

Vespel® SP211

Vespel® SP3

– Missing value, not applicable.

PI

Vespel® SP1 DF

PI/DuPont

PAI, X3, PTFE0.5

Torlon® 4203L

PAI/Solvay

–

PEI

Ultem® DT1810E

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

PEI

Ultem® DT1800E

–

PEI, GF30

Description

Melt Point (°C)

Ultem® CRS5311

Name and Grade

12.5 Polyimides (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

247

217

–

200

200

200

225

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

360

–

360

282

282

278

279

290

278

217

198

189

178

178

178

218

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

237

–

204

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

242

–

210

192

192

192

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.47

0.54

0.15

0.31

0.28

0.5

0.31

0.09

0.16

0.144

0.25

0.25

0.31

0.5

–

0.5

0.55

0.55

0.55

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.5

–

0.5

0.55

0.55

0.55

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

730 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:44 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 731

PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30, Imod PA6, GF35 PA6, GF45 PA6, GF15, Imod PA6, GF20 PA6, Imod PA6, Imod

Zytel® 73G30HSL NC010

Zytel® 73G30L NC010

Zytel® 73G30T NC010

Zytel® 73G35HSL BK262

Zytel® 73G45L NC010

Zytel® BM73G15THS BK317

Zytel® FR73G20GWF NC010

Zytel® ST7301 BK356

Zytel® ST7301 NC010

Ultramid® 8200

PA6

PA, GF30

Zytel® 73G30HSL BK261

PA6/BASF

PA, GF30

PA6, GF15

Zytel® 73G15HSL BK363

Zytel® 73G30HSL BK416

221

PA6

Zytel® 7335F NC010 PA6, GF15

PA6, Imod

Zytel® 7331T NC010A

PA6, GF15, Imod

PA6

Zytel® 7301J NC010

Zytel® 73G15L NC010

PA6, MD40

Minion® 73M40 NC010

Zytel® 73G15THSL BK240

221

PA6, MD30

Minion® 73M30HSL BK489

220

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

PA6, MD30

Minion® 73M30 NC010

221

PA6, (MD+GF)40

Description

Melt Point (°C)

Minion® 73GM40 NC010

PA6/DuPont

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

60

51

45

150

180

213

208

206

210

210

205

204

200

200

204

65

50

55

110

78

78

195

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

95

88

200

–

221

–

–

220

220

220

220

–

220

–

175

150

160

196

–

196

–

–

–

–

–

–

215

–

–

–

215

–

–

–

215

–

200

–

–

210

210

212

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

0.16

–

–

0.14

0.22

–

–

–

0.37

–

0.76

–

–

0.65

–

0.88

0.41

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

–

1.02

1.02

–

–

–

1.09

–

0.92

–

–

0.75

–

1.02

0.77

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 731

12/11/2007 6:24:44 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 732

PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6, GF14 PA6, GF33 PA6 PA6 PA6, MD40 PA6, (MD+GF)20 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, (MD+GF)40 PA6, GF12 PA6, GF33 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6, GF15 PA6, GF15 PA6, GF15 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF40 PA6, (GF+GB)30 PA6, (MD+GF)40

Ultramid® 8202

Ultramid® 8202 HS

Ultramid® 8202C

Ultramid® 8202C HS BK-102

Ultramid® 8231G HS

Ultramid® 8233G HS

Ultramid® 8253 HS

Ultramid® 8254 HS BK 102

Ultramid® 8260

Ultramid® 8262G HS BK-102

Ultramid® 8266G HS BK102

Ultramid® 8267G HS BK-102

Ultramid® 8272G HS BK-102

Ultramid® 8333G HI

Ultramid® 8350 HS

Ultramid® 8351 HS BK-102

Ultramid® B32 Q128

Ultramid® B35EG3

Ultramid® B35G3 bk 564

Ultramid® B3EG3

Ultramid® B3EG5

Ultramid® B3EG6

Ultramid® B3G8

Ultramid® B3GK24

Ultramid® B3GM35 bk 30564

Description

Ultramid® 8200 HS BK-102

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

190

200

215

210

210

190

187

190

65

49

51

205

170

200

205

163

–

43

55

205

195

65

65

60

60

56

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

210

215

220

220

220

215

214

215

160

–

–

220

210

215

217

211

195

–

–

215

217

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

220

220

220

210

–

210

204

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.375

0.375

0.125

0.225

0.225

0.325

–

0.325

0.85

–

–

0.24

0.28

0.3

0.21

–

0.46

0.93

0.88

0.21

0.39

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

0.625

0.65

0.65

0.75

–

0.75

–

–

–

0.84

0.72

0.67

0.58

–

0.58

1.11

0.93

0.7

0.78

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

732 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:44 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 733

PA6, (GF+MD)40 PA6 PA6 PA6 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6, MD30 PA6 PA6, GF20 PA6, GF50 PA6, GF25 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF35 PA6 PA6, GF15 PA6, GF30 PA6, GF40 PA6, (MD+GF)45 PA6, GF63 PA6 PA6, (MD+GF)40

Ultramid® B3GM35 Q611

Ultramid® B3K

Ultramid® B3L

Ultramid® B3L Q235

Ultramid® B3M6 bk 30564

Ultramid® B3M6 bk 60564

Ultramid® B3M6 LS

Ultramid® B3M6 Q252

Ultramid® B3M6 Q256

Ultramid® B3M6 Q94

Ultramid® B3S

Ultramid® B3UG4

Ultramid® B3WG10 bk 564

Ultramid® B3WG5

Ultramid® B3WG6

Ultramid® B3WG6 BGVW bk 564

Ultramid® B3WG6 GP bk 23210

Ultramid® B3WG7

Ultramid® B3Z Q263

Ultramid® B3ZG3

Ultramid® B3ZG6

Ultramid® B3ZG8 bk 20560

Ultramid® BG40GM45 HS BK-130

Ultramid® HMG13 HS BK-102

Ultramid® HPN 9350 HS

Ultramid® SEGM35HI BK-126 PA11 PA11, CD10

RILSAN BECN O TL

RILSAN BESN G9 TL

PA11/Arkema

PA6, (GF+MD)40

Ultramid® B3GM35 Q224

189

189

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

260

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

60

–

–

56

55

190

50

214

200

205

200

180

40

215

210

205

210

200

215

170

65

65

65

65

65

65

70

65

55

65

200

200

168

150

215

–

–

215

220

220

200

55

220

220

218

220

220

220

210

180

195

190

190

195

190

195

150

150

180

215

215

162

160

–

–

–

–

–

220

–

–

220

–

–

220

220

–

–

204

–

–

–

–

–

–

204

204

204

–

–

0.9

0.9

–

–

–

–

0.15

0.225

0.325

–

0.175

–

–

0.225

0.225

0.125

0.525

0.85

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.38

0.375

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.55

0.65

0.75

–

0.65

–

–

0.65

0.65

0.55

0.55

–

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 733

12/11/2007 6:24:44 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 734

PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11 PA11, Molybdenum PA11, GB30 PA11, GF23, CD7 PA11, GF30 PA11, GF43, Graphite7 PA11 PA11

RILSAN BESN O TL

RILSAN BESVO A FDA

RILSAN BMN O P20 D

RILSAN BMN O P40 D

RILSAN BMN O TLD

RILSAN BMN Y TLD

RILSAN BUM 30 O

RILSAN BZM 23 G9

RILSAN BZM 30 O TL

RILSAN BZM 43 G9

RILSAN MB 3000

RILSAN NAT HP 3504 MB PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12, GF23 PA12, GD30 PA12, GD30 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12

LAURAMID A

LAURAMID B

VESTAMID L1670 nf

VESTAMID L1723 sw

VESTAMID L1833 nf

VESTAMID L1930 nf

VESTAMID L1940 nf

VESTAMID L2101 F nf

VESTAMID L2106F nf

VESTAMID L2121 nf

VESTAMID L2121 sw 9.7507

PA12/Degussa

PA11 PA11

RILSAN BESN O P40 TL

Description

RILSAN BESN O P20 TL

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

176

176

178

178

178

178

178

173

178

–

–

185

189

189

189

189

189

189

189

182

187

189

189

182

187

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

45

45

40

50

50

130

160

45

50

190

127

40

–

175

175

170

60

50

50

45

47

50

50

45

47

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

110

110

80

110

110

170

175

95

120

194

186

–

–

180

180

178

165

155

145

130

135

145

145

130

135

130

130

130

140

140

170

175

130

140

188

176

–

–

180

170

170

165

162

160

140

145

160

160

140

146

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

0.5

0.7

1.8

1.5

–

–

1.38

1.02

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.9

0.85

1.1

1

0.85

0.85

1.1

1

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

0.5

0.8

1.8

1.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

734 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:44 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 735

PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12 PA12

VESTAMID L-R3-MHI sw

VESTAMID L-R4-MHI sw

VESTAMID L-R7-MHI sw

VESTAMID L-R9-MHI sw

VESTAMID LX9013nf

VESTAMID X7166 nf

VESTAMID X7167 nf

VESTAMID X7229 nf

VESTAMID X7293 nf

VESTAMID X7293 sw

VESTAMID X7373 nf

PA12, GF15

VESTAMID L-GF15 nf

PA12

PA12, CB30

VESTAMID L-GB30 nf

VESTAMID L-R3-EP sw

PA12, CF15

VESTAMID L-CF15 sw

PA12

PA12, CD22

VESTAMID L-CD22-M sw

VESTAMID L-R3-EI sw

PA12

VESTAMID L2141 sw 9.7504

PA12, GF25

PA12

VESTAMID L2140 sw 9.7504

VESTAMID L-R2-GF25 sw

178

PA12

VESTAMID L2140 nf

PA12, GF30

PA12

VESTAMID L2128 nf

PA12

PA12

VESTAMID L2124 sw 9.7507

VESTAMID L-GF30 nf

PA12

VESTAMID L2124 nf

VESTAMID L-R1-MHI sw

178

PA12

VESTAMID L2123 nf

178

172

175

172

178

172

–

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

–

178

164

–

–

171

–

PA12

VESTAMID L2122 sw 9.7507

173

PA12

VESTAMID L2122 nf

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

50

45

45

40

50

50

–

50

50

50

50

60

60

170

50

165

160

55

170

80

50

50

50

40

45

45

45

45

45

130

100

100

130

130

140

–

130

130

130

130

120

130

175

130

175

175

150

175

160

110

110

110

70

90

90

80

95

95

150

130

130

150

150

150

–

140

140

140

140

140

140

170

140

175

170

155

175

160

140

140

140

100

125

125

120

130

125

1.5

1.8

1.8

0.8

0.9

–

–

–

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.5

1

–

0.6

0.8

1.3

1.5

0.8

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

(Continued )

1.4

1.8

1.8

–

0.8

–

–

–

1.8

–

1.7

1.4

1.5

0.8

–

0.7

0.8

1.3

1.5

–

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 735

12/11/2007 6:24:45 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 736

PA12, CB30 PA12, CB50 PA12, GF23 PA12, GF23 PA12, GF25

Grilamid LKN-5H

Grilamid LV-23 ESD

Grilamid LV-23H

Grilamid LV-25 HM

PA12

Grilamid L 25 W 40

Grilamid LKN-3H

PA12

Grilamid L 25 W 20 Y

PA12, CF30

PA12

Grilamid L 25 W 20 X

Grilamid LC-3H

PA12

Grilamid L 25 NZ ESD

PA12

PA12

Grilamid L 25

Grilamid L 25A NZ

PA12

Grilamid L 20 W 20

PA12

PA12

Grilamid L 20 LM

Grilamid L 25A H

PA12

Grilamid L 20 LF grey

PA12

PA12

Grilamid L 20 L

Grilamid L 25 Z

PA12

Grilamid L 20 HL black 9563

PA12

PA12

Grilamid L 20 H FR

PA12

PA12

Grilamid L 20 G

Grilamid L 25 W 40 ESD

PA12, CD25

Grilamid L 20 EC

Grilamid L 25 W 40 X

PA12

Description

Grilamid L 16 LM

PA12/EMS-Grivory

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

173

173

173

178

174

178

178

174

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

178

Melt Point (°C)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

135

155

150

65

50

165

45

45

40

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

45

50

65

45

45

50

45

65

50

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

*

–

*

*

–

*

80

115

85

95

95

95

95

95

95

115

100

125

140

115

115

130

115

135

125

*

*

*

160

*

*

*

138

*

116

*

128

*

128

*

138

135

143

156

138

138

138

138

160

145

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.4

0.2

0.2

1.2

1.4

0.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

0.8

1.2

1.2

0.9

1.2

1.2

1.2

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.4

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

736 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:45 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 737

PA12, GF20 PA12, GF30 PA12, GF30

Grilamid LV-2H

Grilamid LV-3A H

Grilamid LV-3H

PA46, Imod, GF30 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF20 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, GF40 PA46, CF30 PA46, GF15 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, (GF+MD)30

Stanyl® TE300

Stanyl® TE351

Stanyl® TE373

Stanyl® TS200F6

Stanyl® TS250F4D

Stanyl® TS250F6D

Stanyl® TS250F8

Stanyl® TS256F8

Stanyl® TW200B6

Stanyl® TW200F3

Stanyl® TW200F6

Stanyl® TW200F8

Stanyl® TW200FM33

PA46, GF15

Stanyl® TE250F3

Stanyl® TE263F6

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® TE200F8

PA46, GF45

PA46, GF30

Stanyl® TE200F6

Stanyl® TE250F9

PA46, GF50

Stanyl® 46HF5050

PA46, GF30

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® 46HF5041LW

PA46, GF40

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® 46HF5040

Stanyl® TE250F6

PA46, GF40

Stanyl® 46HF4530

Stanyl® TE250F8

PA46, GF30

Stanyl® 46HF4130

PA46/DSM

PA12, GF20

Grilamid LV-2A NZ

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

178

178

178

178

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

*

*

*

*

275

290

290

275

290

290

290

290

290

290

190

160

190

280

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

270

160

160

150

130

290

290

290

290

–

290

290

290

290

290

–

–

280

–

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

*

*

*

160

290

290

290

290

–

290

290

290

290

290

–

–

290

–

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

290

170

*

*

*

0.4

0.25

0.25

0.5

0.08

0.2

0.25

0.25

0.4

0.25

0.85

0.9

0.85

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.25

0.4

0.25

0.25

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.25

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

(Continued )

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.34

0.7

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.6

1.1

0.9

1.1

0.8

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.45

0.6

0.6

0.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 737

12/11/2007 6:24:45 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 738

PA46, GF60 PA46, GF15 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF40 PA46, (GF+MF)50 PA46, GF30 PA46, GF30 PA46, CF15 PA46, GF30 PA46 PA46 PA46 PA46, Imod PA46

Stanyl® TW241 F12

Stanyl® TW241 F3

Stanyl® TW241 F6

Stanyl® TW241 F8

Stanyl® TW242FM10

Stanyl® TW250F6

Stanyl® TW271 F6

Stanyl® TW271B3

Stanyl® TW275F6

Stanyl® TW341

Stanyl® TW341 B

Stanyl® TW341-N

Stanyl® TW363

Stanyl® TW371

263

PA66, MD40 PA66, MD40 PA66, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD40 PA66, Imod, MD36 PA66, Imod, MD36

Minlon® 10B140 NC010

Minlon® 10B40 NC010

Minion® 10B40HS1 BK061

Minion® 11C140 BK086

Minlon® 11C140 NC010

Minion® 11C40 BKB086

Minion® 11C40 NC010

Minion® 12T BKB100

Minion® 12T NC010

256

256

256

256

256

256

263

263

PA66, MD40

263

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

295

Melt Point (°C)

Minion® 10B140 BK061

PA66/DuPont

PA46, CF15

Description

Stanyl® TW241 B3

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

80

80

100

90

110

95

200

200

170

170

190

90

190

190

190

285

290

290

290

285

290

290

275

290

290

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

205

–

215

210

220

–

–

245

240

240

290

200

280

280

280

290

290

–

290

290

290

290

290

290

–

–

–

–

–

235

–

–

–

245

–

290

250

290

290

290

290

290

–

290

*

290

290

290

290

–

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.86

–

0.36

0.36

0.65

0.85

1.8

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.5

0.2

0.25

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.86

–

0.66

0.66

0.9

–

1.1

2

1.1

1.1

1.1

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.55

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.35

0.5

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

738 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:45 PM

PA66, Imod, MD32 PA66, (MD+GF)38 PA66, (MD+GF)38 PA66, (MD+GF)40 PA66, Imod, MD15 PA66, (MD+GF)38 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66, Imod PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66, Imod PA66 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF13 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30

Minion® 12TA BKB124

Minion® 22C BK086

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 739

Minlon® 22C NC010

Minlon® EFE6053 BK413

Minlon® EFE6096 GY090A

Minion® IG38C1 BK434

Zytel® 101 NC001

Zytel® 101F BKB009

Zytel® 101F NC010

Zytel® 101L BKB038

Zytel® 101L NC010

Zytel® 103FHS BKB009

Zytel® 103FHS NC010

Zytel® 103HSL BKB038

Zytel® 103HSL NC010

Zytel® 114HSL BK000

Zytel® 132F NC010

Zytel® 135F NC010

Zytel® 145 BK010

Zytel® 42A NC010

Zytel® 450HSLX 52 BK1

Zytel® 45HSB NC010

Zytel® 70G13HS1L BK031

Zytel® 70G13HS1L NC010

Zytel® 70G13L NC010

Zytel® 70G25HSLR BK099

Zytel® 70G25HSLR NC010

Zytel® 70G30HSL BK039B

Zytel® 70G30HSLR BK099

Zytel® 70G30HSLR NC010

262

262

263

262

262

262

262

262

262

263

262

262

263

262

263

262

262

262

262

262

262

262

262

262

263

263

262

263

263

257

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

253

253

250

252

252

238

238

238

70

63

70

65

88

75

65

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

222

235

240

225

225

80

261

–

258

261

–

258

258

258

–

210

200

190

210

225

195

200

200

200

195

200

200

200

195

200

–

–

256

255

–

–

250

–

257

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

243

–

–

238

–

–

–

238

–

238

–

–

–

–

250

–

–

–

0.22

–

–

0.33

–

0.4

0.4

0.4

1

–

1

1.1

1.21

–

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

–

–

0.34

0.28

0.41

0.41

–

(Continued )

1.07

–

–

1.12

–

0.96

0.96

0.96

1

–

1

1.1

1.21

–

1.1

–

1.1

–

1.1

–

1.1

–

–

–

0.81

0.87

0.62

0.62

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 739

12/11/2007 6:24:45 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 740

PA66 PA66, Imod, GF33 PA66 PA66

Zytel® EFE8089B BK416

Zytel® FE3071 NC010

Zytel® FE3757 NC010

PA66, Imod, GF25

Zytel® 80G25HS NC010

Zytel® EFE1068 NC010T

PA66, Imod, GF14

Zytel® 80G14AHS NC010

PA66

PA66, RF20

Zytel® 70K20HSL BK284

Zytel® E51 HSB NC010

PA66, RF20

Zytel® 70K20HSL NC010

PA66, Imod

PA66, GF60

Zytel® 70G60HSL BK359

Zytel® CDV808 BK409

PA66, GF50

Zytel® 70G50HSLA BK039B

PA66, Imod, GF

PA66, GF43

Zytel® 70G43L NC010

Zytel® CDV805 BK409

PA66, GF43

Zytel® 70G43HSLA BK099

PA66, GF

PA66, GF35

Zytel® 70G35HSLX BK357

Zytel® CDV595 BK409

262

PA66, GF35

Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4 BK267

PA66, Imod, GF33

PA66, GF35

Zytel® 70G35HSL NC010

PA66, Imod, GF43

PA66, GF35

Zytel® 70G35HSL BK039B

Zytel® 80G33L NC010

PA66, GF33

Zytel® 70G33L NC010

Zytel® 80G43HS1L BK104

262

PA66, GF33

Zytel® 70G33L BK031

263

263

262

262

263

262

–

250

263

262

263

263

263

263

262

262

262

263

260

262

263

262

262

262

PA66, GF30 PA66, GF30

Zytel® 70G30HSR2 BK309

Description

Melt Point (°C)

Zytel® 70G30L NC010

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

66

70

245

70

70

185

225

248

250

247

245

238

–

222

255

253

255

255

252

250

252

250

252

252

253

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

195

200

–

–

200

230

–

260

261

262

–

255

–

255

260

–

262

–

–

–

261

260

261

261

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

250

–

255

–

–

–

255

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.16

–

0.15

–

0.4

–

–

–

–

0.15

–

–

–

0.2

–

0.18

0.18

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.72

–

1.19

–

1.04

–

–

–

–

0.79

–

1

–

0.83

0.83

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

740 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:46 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 741

PA66+PA6, GF35 PA66, GF25 PA66 PA66, MD30 PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod PA66, Imod

Zytel® FE5555 BK538

Zytel® FR50 NC010

Zytel® FR7026V0F NC010

Zytel® FR70M30V0 NC010

Zytel® MT409AHS BK010

Zytel® MT409AHS NC010

Zytel® ST801A NC010

Zytel® ST801AHS BK01 0

Zytel® ST801AHS NC010

Zytel® ST801AW BK195

Zytel® ST801AW NC010 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30 PA66, GF35 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF15 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF30

Ultramid® A3EG10

Ultramid® A3EG5

Ultramid® A3EG6

Ultramid® A3EG7

Ultramid® A3EG7 Q206

Ultramid® A3HG5

Ultramid® A3HG6 HR bk 23591

Ultramid® A3HG7

Ultramid® A3K

Ultramid® A3K Q202

Ultramid® A3SK

Ultramid® A3SK Q202

Ultramid® A3W

Ultramid® A3WG10

Ultramid® A3WG3

Ultramid® A3WG5

Ultramid® A3WG6

PA66/BASF

PA66, GF26

Zytel® FE5480HS BK32N

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

262

262

262

262

262

262

262

263

263

–

260

263

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

72

72

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

245

240

250

75

75

75

75

75

250

250

245

250

250

250

245

250

60

62

62

61

63

66

65

200

70

239

250

253

250

250

250

250

220

220

220

220

220

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

155

162

157

147

157

205

187

238

–

–

–

–

250

250

250

250

250

–

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

250

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

235

–

–

–

–

0.25

0.3

0.325

0.125

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.175

0.25

0.3

0.175

0.175

0.25

0.3

0.125

1.4

1.5

0.9

1.4

1.4

1

1

0.64

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.65

0.65

0.75

0.55

–

–

–

–

–

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.55

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1

0.81

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 741

12/11/2007 6:24:46 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 742

PA66, (GF+MD)40 PA66, GF50 PA66, GF35 PA66, GF25 PA66, GF25 PA66 PA66, GF30

Ultramid® A3X2G10

Ultramid® A3X2G7

Ultramid® A3X3G5

Ultramid® A3XZG5

Ultramid® A3Z

Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk 20591

PA610 PA610

Amilan® CM2006

Amilan® CM2401

PA612 PA612 PA612 PA612 PA612 PA612, Imod PA612, GF33 PA612, GF33 PA612, GF33 PA612, GF43 PA612, GF43

Zytel® 158 NC010

Zytel® 158L NC010

Zytel® 159 NC010

Zytel® 159L NC010

Zytel® 350PHS2 NC010

Zytel® 77G33HS1L NC010

Zytel® 77G33L BK031

Zytel® 77G33L NC010

Zytel® 77G43L BK031

Zytel® 77G43L NC010

PA612

Zytel® 153HSL NC010

Zytel® 157HSL BK010

PA612

Zytel® 151 L NC010

PA612/DuPont

PA610

Amilan® CM2001

PA610/Toray Resin Company

PA66, GF35

Ultramid® A3WGM53 bk 20560

Description

Ultramid® A3WG7

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

218

218

218

218

218

215

216

216

218

218

218

218

218

220

225

225

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

203

205

200

200

200

45

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

–

–

–

240

60

250

250

250

250

225

250

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

217

217

216

–

216

120

–

–

135

135

–

135

135

–

180

180

250

125

250

250

250

250

250

250

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

181

–

181

181

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.1

0.1

0.17

0.17

0.17

–

–

–

1.2

1.2

–

1.2

1.1

–

1

1.2

0.3

0.85

0.3

0.3

0.175

0.175

0.15

0.175

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.04

1.04

1.13

1.13

1.13

–

–

–

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

–

–

–

0.65

–

0.7

0.7

0.65

0.45

0.65

0.65

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

742 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:46 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 743

PA666 PA666

Ultramid® C3U

Ultramid® CC4

PA6T/XT, GF35 PA6T/XT, GF35 PA6T/XT, GF45 PA6T/XT, GF45 PA6T/XT, Imod, (GF+MD)60 PA6T/XT, GF50 PA6T/66, GF35 PA6T/XT, (MD+GF)40 PA6T/XT, MD40 PA6T/XT, Imod, MD30 PA6T/XT, Imod, MD30 PA6T/XT, Imod PA6T/XT, Imod PA6T/XT, GF35 PA6T/XT, GF30 PA6T/XT, RF20

Zytel® HTN51G35HSL NC010

Zytel® HTN51G35HSLR BK420

Zytel® HTN51G45HSL NC010

Zytel® HTN51G45HSLR BK420

Zytel® HTN51GM60THS BK083

Zytel® HTN51LG50HSL BK083

Zytel® HTN52G45HSL NC010

Zytel® HTNFE150005 BK083

Zytel® HTNFE16502 BK001

Zytel® HTNFE250020 NC010

Zytel® HTNFE350006 NC010

Zytel® HTNFE350015 NC010

Zytel® HTNFE8200 NC010

Zytel® HTNFR51G35L NC010

Zytel® HTNWRF51 G30 NC010

Zytel® HTNWRF51 K20 NC010 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, MD30 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T, MD40 PA66/6T PA66/6T, GF33

AMODEL A-1133 HS

AMODEL A-1145 HS

AMODEL A-1230 L

AMODEL A-1240 HS

AMODEL A-1240 L

AMODEL A-1565 HS

AMODEL AF-1133 V0

PPA/Solvay

PA6T/XT, GF25

Zytel® HTN51G25HSL BK083

PPA/DuPont

PA666

Ultramid® 1C

PA666/BASF

326

312

312

312

312

312

313

300

300

295

300

304

304

301

300

300

–

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

196

243

–

95

127

127

127

127

127

127

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

294

271

150

179

171

287

280

220

260

255

206

–

260

264

250

250

285

243

260

–

265

264

265

263

–

70

–

–

–

260

260

260

301

297

–

–

270

220

–

278

280

276

–

–

–

280

–

275

276

275

–

–

210

–

–

–

–

–

301

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

250

–

0.2

0.212

0.34

0.34

0.41

0.15

0.239

–

–

0.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.15

–

0.15

–

–

0.8

–

(Continued )

0.661

0.304

0.4

0.4

0.49

0.5

0.599

–

–

0.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.45

–

0.5

–

–

0.9

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 743

12/11/2007 6:24:46 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 744

PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, Imod, MD40 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, (GF+MD)65 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, GF33 PA66/6T, GF45 PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, GF16 PA66/6T, GF25 PA66/6T PA66/6T, GF15 PA66/6T, Imod PA66/6T, Imod

AMODEL AF-4145 V0

AMODEL AFA-4133 V0 Z

AMODEL AFA-6133 V0 Z

AMODEL AFA-6145 V0 Z

AMODEL AP-9240 NL NT

AMODEL AS-1133 HS

AMODEL AS-1145 HS

AMODEL AS-1566 HS

AMODEL AS-1933 HS

AMODEL AS-1945 HS

AMODEL AS-4133 HS

AMODEL AS-4145 HS

AMODEL AT-1001 L

AMODEL AT-1116 HS

AMODEL AT-1125 HS

AMODEL AT-5001

AMODEL AT-6115 HS

AMODEL ET-1001 HS

AMODEL ET-1001 L PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50

Reny 1002H

Reny 1012H

Reny 1021UCS

Reny 1022H

Polyarylamide/Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp.

PA66/6T, GF45

AMODEL AF-1145 V0

Description

AMODEL AF-4133 V0

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

312

312

307

300

312

312

312

320

326

312

312

312

312

312

313

310

310

325

312

312

326

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

127

127

90

90

127

127

127

95

95

127

127

127

127

127

–

90

90

95

127

127

95

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

230

217

226

224

120

120

265

88

280

256

120

298

298

282

278

271

287

277

115

277

277

295

275

273

298

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

238

227

237

237

–

–

298

185

300

300

–

320

320

–

–

–

301

297

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

298

–

295

–

–

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.1

–

0.2

0.2

–

–

–

0.94

–

–

0.95

0.16

0.22

–

–

0.11

0.15

0.239

–

–

–

–

–

0.2

0.12

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.4

–

0.5

0.5

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.9

0.59

0.59

–

–

0.38

0.5

0.599

–

–

–

–

0.391

0.571

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

744 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:46 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 745

PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF55 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, (GF+MD)20 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, CF30 PAMXD6, GF20 PAMXD6, CF20 PAMXD6, GF25 PAMXD6, Whisker PAMXD6, MD30

Reny 1027

Reny 1032

Reny 1071

Reny 1313

Reny 1501AH

Reny 1511AH

Reny 1521AH

Reny 1722F

Reny 2502A

Reny 2620

Reny 4011

Reny 4511

Reny C36

Reny G07S

Reny G16S

Reny N252

Reny W110

Reny W38S2 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF50 PAMXD6, GF60 PAMXD6, GF40 PAMXD6, GF30 PAMXD6, GF50

IXEF® 1002

IXEF® 1022

IXEF® 1023

IXEF® 1025

IXEF® 1027

IXEF® 1028

IXEF® 1032

IXEF® 1313

IXEF® 1501

IXEF® 1521

Polyarylamide/Solvay

PAMXD6, GF50

Reny 1025

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

230

230

215

230

225

220

230

230

230

230

210

218

227

240

236

224

223

226

214

217

226

228

224

220

217

230

230

221

231

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

239

–

236

–

255

236

234

235

234

235

237

238

237

237

235

–

237

233

238

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

210

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.17

0.18

0.18

0.14

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.18

0.2

0.04

0.2

–

–

0.05

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.2

–

–

–

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

–

0.1

(Continued )

0.41

–

–

0.35

0.42

0.41

0.41

0.41

0.41

–

0.4

0.3

0.4

–

–

0.5

0.4

0.08

0.4

0.3

–

–

–

0.5

0.6

0.3

0.4

–

0.4

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 745

12/11/2007 6:24:47 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 746

PAMXD6, MD55 PAMXD6, MD45 PAMXD6, (MD+GF)55 PAMXD6, CF30

IXEF® 2030

IXEF® 2057

IXEF® 2530

IXEF® 3006

PA6 Alloy PA6 Alloy, GF10 PA6 Alloy, GF15 PA6 Alloy, GF30 PA6 Alloy, Imod PA6 Alloy PA6 Alloy, GF20 PA6 Alloy, GF30

ORGALLOY RS 6000

ORGALLOY RS 6010

ORGALLOY RS 6015ES noir T6L

ORGALLOY RS 6030

ORGALLOY RS 60E10

ORGALLOY RS 6600

ORGALLOY RS 6620

ORGALLOY RS 6630

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LT 4060ES noir T6L

PA6 Alloy

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LT 4060

ORGALLOY R 60ES

220

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LE 60THM

PA6 Alloy

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LE 60SF

PA6 Alloy

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LE 60LMXV

ORGALLOY LT 5050 T6L

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LE 60LM

ORGALLOY LT 5050ES noir

220

PA6 Alloy

ORGALLOY LE 60HM

255

255

255

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

PA6 Alloy

220

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

ORGALLOY LE 6000

Polyamide alloys/Arkema

PAMXD6, Imod, GF50 PAMXD6, MD42

IXEF® 1622

Description

IXEF® 2011

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

225

220

80

50

190

175

190

75

75

–

–

–

–

50

–

–

–

–

45

230

205

150

220

185

220

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

245

240

160

90

210

210

210

130

130

–

–

60

60

80

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

195

160

165

–

183

–

–

129

130

–

–

–

–

–

99

60

–

–

97

–

–

–

–

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.18

–

0.65

1.1

0.19

–

–

0.93

0.93

1.7

1.7

–

–

–

–

2

–

–

–

–

–

0.14

0.18

0.18

0.15

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

1.1

–

1.1

1.43

1.26

–

–

1.33

1.33

1.8

1.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.35

0.33

0.45

0.43

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

746 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:47 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 747

PA6+ABS, GF12 PA6+ABS

Technyl® Alloy KC 216 V12 Black

Technyl® Alloy KC 226 BLACK PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6, CF10 PA66+PA6, CF20 PA66+PA6, CF30 PA66+PA6, CF30 PA66+PA6, CF40 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF30 PA66+PA6, GF35 PA66+PA6, GF50 PA66+PA6, GF50 PA66+PA6, (GF+GB)30 PA66+PA6, Imod, GF15 PA66+PA6, Imod, GF30 PA66+PA6, GB30 PA66+PA6, MD30 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6 PA66+PA6, Moly2 PA66+PA6, (PTFE+Si)20 PA66+PA6, Imod PA66+PA6, Imod PA66+PA6I/6T, CF40

Grilon TS FR

Grilon TS V0

Grilon TSC-10/4 EC

Grilon TSC-20/4 EC

Grilon TSC-30/4 EC

Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15

Grilon TSC-40/4 EC

Grilon TSG-30

Grilon TSG-30 FR

Grilon TSG-30/4

Grilon TSG-35/4

Grilon TSG-50

Grilon TSG-50/4

Grilon TSGK-30 X

Grilon TSGZ-15

Grilon TSGZ-30

Grilon TSK-30/4

Grilon TSM-30

Grilon TSS

Grilon TSS/4

Grilon TSS/4 LF 2

Grilon TSS/4 LF 20

Grilon TSZ 1

Grilon TSZ 3

Grivory GC-4H

PA alloy/EMS-Grivory

PA6+ABS

Technyl® Alloy KC 216

Polyamide alloys/Rhodia

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

220

220

220

*

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

235

55

55

85

85

65

55

110

70

215

215

215

250

220

240

235

180

220

240

235

240

240

240

70

60

75

145

70

*

*

*

*

220

220

140

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

210

205

115

200

110

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

*

–

–

*

–

–

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

0.1

1.2

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.15

0.15

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.7

0.7

–

–

–

(Continued )

0.8

1.5

1.5

0.9

0.9

0.8

1.2

0.8

0.8

1.1

1.1

0.8

0.9

1

1

1

1

1.1

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.9

1

0.9

0.9

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 747

12/11/2007 6:24:47 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 748

PA66+PA6I/6T, MD40 PA66+PA6I/6T, GF20 PA66+PA6I/6T, GF40 PA66+PA6I/6T, GF50 PA66+PA6I/6T, GF60

Grivory GM-4H

Grivory GV-4H

Grivory GV-5H

Grivory GV-6H

Description

Grivory GV-2H

Name and Grade

12.6 Polyamides (Nylons) (cont’d)

260

260

260

260

260

Melt Point (°C)

*

*

*

*

*

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

235

235

235

230

105

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

*

*

*

*

*

245

245

245

237

*

Vicat HDT @ Soften0.45 MPa ing (°C) Temperature (°C)

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.1

0.9

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.9

0.9

0.9

1

0.9

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

748 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:47 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 749

HDPE HDPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE UHMWPE

GUR GHR 8110

GUR HOSTALLOY 731

GUR 2122

GUR 4113

GUR 4120

GUR 413

GUR 415 PP, GF PP PP, GF20 PP, GF30 PP, GF40 PP, Chalk20, T10 PP, MD15 PP, T20 PP PP PP PP, GF20 PP, GF20 PP, GF30 PP, GF30

ALCOM® PP 620/8 GF/MRX

ALTECH® PP-B A 1000/120 UV

ALTECH® PP-B A 2020/150 GF20 CP

ALTECH® PP-B A 2030/150 GF30 CP

ALTECH® PP-B A 2040/150 GF40 CP

ALTECH® PP-B A 4430/120 MR30 UV

ALTECH® PP-B A 4815/100 MR15

ALTECHO PP-B A 4920/100 MR20

ALTECH® PP-H A 1000/100 DS

ALTECH® PP-H A 1000/140 FR

ALTECH® PP-H A 1000/149 FR

ALTECH® PP-H A 2020/100 GF20

ALTECH® PP-H A 2020/150 GF20 CP

ALTECH® PP-H A 2030/100 GF30

ALTECHO PP-H A 2030/150 GF30 CP

PP/Albis Plastic GmgH

HDPE

Description

GUR GHR 8020

PE/Ticona

Name and Grade

12.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics

163

163

163

163

163

–

163

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

133

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

140

138

130

134

54

73

50

56

65

–

145

–

125

–

110

42

42

42

42

42

–

44

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

85

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

65

65

65

65

65

–

75

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

130

110

126

105

85

100

90

64

76

75

120

105

107

82

110

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 749

12/11/2007 6:24:47 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 750

PP, GB30 PP, Chalk18 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T30 PP, T30 PP, T40

ALTECH® PP-H A 3030/100 GB30

ALTECH® PP-H A 4818/100 MR18 DS

ALTECH® PP-H A 4920/100 MR20

ALTECH® PP-H A 4920/106 MR20

ALTECH® PP-H A 4920/170 MR20

ALTECH® PP-H A 4930/100 MR30

ALTECH® PP-H A 4930/106 MR30

ALTECH® PP-H A 4940/100 MR40 PP, T25 PP, T20 PP PP PP PP PP, T30 PP, GF30 PP, T20 PP, T20

POLYFLAM® RIPP 3125 CS1

POLYFLAM® RIPP 374 ND CS1

POLYFLAM® RIPP 490

POLYFLAM® RIPP 5000 E

POLYFLAM® RIPP 5440

POLYFLAM® RLD 10 D

POLYFLAM® RPP 3130 CS1

POLYFLAM® RPP 3230 CS1

POLYFLAM® RPP 371 ND

POLYFLAM® RPP 374 ND CS1

PP/A. Schulman

PP, GB20

ALTECH® PP-H A 3020/100 GB20

ALTECH® PP-H A 2030/252 GF30 UV CP PP, GF30 PP, GF40

–

PP, GF30

ALTECHO PP-H A 2030/250 GF30 CP

ALTECHO PP-H A 2040/150 GF40 CP

–

PP, GF30

ALTECH® PP-H A 2030/158 GF30 CP

165

167

–

–

–

–

–

–

165

–

163

–

–

–

163

163

163

–

163

163

–

–

PP, GF30

–

PP, GF30

ALTECH® PP-H A 2030/157 GF30 CP

Description

Melt Point (°C)

ALTECH® PP-H A 2030/156 GF30 CP

Name and Grade

12.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

−10

−10

–

–

–

–

–

–

−15

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

84

63

145

72

34

52

57

58

67

66

95

–

85

77

75

75

60

65

60

140

140

138

145

148

148

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

118

110

157

105

46

85

89

108

101

102

135

–

–

–

120

120

100

–

95

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

82

77

129

73

3

7

6

7

5

6

105

100

10

108

100

100

98

90

95

135

130

135

135

135

138

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

:

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

750 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:48 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 751

– –

PP PP PP PP, Imod, T20 PP, MD20 PP, MD20 PP, MD40 PP, MD15 PP, MD15 PP, MD20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T30 PP, T30 PP, Barium Sulfate55, GF10 PP, T10 PP, GB20 PP, GB20 PP, GB20 PP, GB20 PP, GB20 PP, GB20 PP, T20 PP, T20

POLYFLAM® RPP 500 D

POLYFORT® AFP 2934

POLYFORT® AFP 3306 Rezyklat

POLYFORT® AFP 3318

POLYFORT® FIP 20 M K1033

POLYFORT® FIP 20 MA K1469

POLYFORT® FIP 40 MA K1544

POLYFORT® FIPP 15 M HSR 3329

POLYFORT® FIPP 15 M HSR K1757

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 M HSR 3329

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 T

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 T LE K1731

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 T LE K1756

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 T LE K1832

POLYFORT® FIPP 20 TSP UVA/2

POLYFORT® FIPP 30 T K1005

POLYFORT® FIPP 30 TF

POLYFORT® FIPP 65/10 BSGF

POLYFORT® FPP 10 T WLB

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GB

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GF

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GFC

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GFC K1400

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GFC SHH LW

POLYFORT® FPP 20 GFM HI

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T K1534 natur

165

–

167

165

–

165

165

165

165

163

162

–

162

–

162

162

–

162

–

–

165

–

–

–

165

–

PP

POLYFLAM® RPP 490 CS1

165

PP, T20

POLYFLAM® RPP 374 ND CS1 5V

−10

–

−10

−10

–

−10

−10

−10

−10

–

–

−20

−21

–

−21

–

−21

−20

–

−20

–

–

−10

–

–

–

−10

–

−10

65

70

64

126

129

136

105

81

56

114

79

69

52

48

*

60

64

66

51

52

*

55

62

50

49

42

85

60

80

105

125

115

150

156

153

142

119

93

149

117

113

83

103

–

99

103

105

88

88

93

92

105

88

–

61

120

105

118

70

95

–

–

126

115

101

95

88

–

74

75

70

–

–

67

70

66

–

61

98

97

94

56

–

45

94

98

92

8

–

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.8

–

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 751

12/11/2007 6:24:48 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 752

PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, T20 PP, GF30 PP, T22 PP, T22 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, T30 PP, (GF+GB)40 PP, T38 PP, T38 PP, GF40 PP, GF40 PP, Chalk40 PP, T40 PP, T40 PP, T40 PP, T40

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T SHH LW

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T WLB

POLYFORT® FPP 20 TF WLB

POLYFORT® FPP 20/10 GFM

POLYFORT® FPP 22 T K1093

POLYFORT® FPP 22 T LE K1684

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GF

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GFC

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GFC BOW

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GFC HI

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GFC K1079

POLYFORT® FPP 30 GFC-F WLB

POLYFORT® FPP 30 T SHH REC

POLYFORT® FPP 30/10 GBGF

POLYFORT® FPP 38 T K1419

POLYFORT® FPP 38 T K1785

POLYFORT® FPP 40 GFC HI

POLYFORT® FPP 40 GFC schwarz

POLYFORT® FPP 40 K

POLYFORT® FPP 40 T

POLYFORT® FPP 40 T K1442

POLYFORT® FPP 40 T REC

POLYFORT® FPP 40 T WLB

PP, Barium Sulfate75

PP, T20

POLYFORT® FPP 70 BS

PP, T20

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T Recyclat

Description

POLYFORT® FPP 20 T K1751

Name and Grade

12.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

165

–

–

167

167

–

165

–

–

165

–

–

–

165

165

165

165

165

–

165

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

−10

–

–

−10

−10

–

−10

–

–

−10

–

–

–

−10

−10

−10

−10

−10

–

−10

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

55

74

*

85

80

56

147

141

73

80

112

*

144

145

120

144

144

110

68

66

120

64

64

72

54

57

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

125

110

135

133

90

–

158

–

133

150

105

161

160

150

159

159

148

114

118

145

107

105

–

8

102

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

94

–

–

97

91

140

131

–

95

–

–

140

136

90

127

127

105

94

95

–

95

91

97

–

65

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.8

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

–

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

–

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

752 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:48 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 753

PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF30 PP, GF40 PP, GF40 PP, GF40 PP, GF50 PP, GF50 PP, GF50

CELSTRAN PP-GF30-04

CELSTRAN PP-GF30-05

CELSTRAN PP-GF30-10

CELSTRAN PP-GF40-02

CELSTRAN PP-GF40-04

CELSTRAN PP-GF40-0414P10/10

CELSTRAN PP-GF50-04

CELSTRAN PP-GF50-0403P10/10

CELSTRAN PP-GF50-0453P10/10 PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA

ALTUGLAS DRM

ALTUGLAS DRT

ALTUGLAS HFI-10

ALTUGLAS HFI-7

ALTUGLAS HT 121

ALTUGLAS MI-2T

ALTUGLAS MI-4T

ALTUGLAS MI-7T

ALTUGLAS SG 10

ALTUGLAS SG 7

ALTUGLAS V 044

ALTUGLAS V 045

ALTUGLAS V 825 HID

ALTUGLAS V 825 T

ALTUGLAS V 920 T

ALTUGLAS VM

Acrylic/Arkema

PP, GF30

PP, MD75

CELSTRAN PP-GF30-02

PP/Ticona

POLYFORT® FPP 75 M schwarz

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

170

164

162

166

162

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

77

95

100

98

93

93

85

80

93

98

99

110

83

81

88

84

158

158

155

157

152

152

157

156

148

150

52

82

100

103

102

96

96

90

85

98

102

102

119

88

85

93

90

–

–

–

–

–

–

161

–

–

–

81

90

103

108

104

102

102

90

90

103

106

107

121

90

90

100

95

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.7

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.8

1

0.8

0.75

0.7

0.65

0.8

1

1

0.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 753

12/11/2007 6:24:48 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 754

PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod

PLEXALLOY® NTA-3

PLEXIGLAS® 6N

PLEXIGLAS® 7H

PLEXIGLAS® 7M

PLEXIGLAS® 7N

PLEXIGLAS® 8H

PLEXIGLAS® 8N

PLEXIGLAS® FT15

PLEXIGLAS® df21 8N

PLEXIGLAS® df22 7H

PLEXIGLAS® df22 7N

PLEXIGLAS® df22 8N

PLEXIGLAS® df22 zk6BR

PLEXIGLAS® df23 7H

PLEXIGLAS® df23 7N

PLEXIGLAS® df23 8N

PLEXIGLAS® df23 zk6BR

PLEXIGLAS® hw55

PLEXIGLAS® zk20

PLEXIGLAS® zk30

PLEXIGLAS® zk40

PLEXIGLAS® zk4BR

PLEXIGLAS® zk4HC

PLEXIGLAS® zk50

Description

PLEXALLOY® NTA-1

Acrylic/Degussa

Name and Grade

12.7 Polyolefins and Acrylics (cont’d)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Melt Point (°C)

115

108

108

115

114

112

122

107

108

108

106

109

110

108

108

111

–

117

115

110

108

112

99

125

120

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

70

–

95

85

91

96

106

93

98

97

97

93

98

97

97

98

105

98

98

95

–

95

90

106

102

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

73

–

99

92

96

100

109

99

103

101

101

99

103

101

101

103

107

103

103

100

–

100

95

106

103

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

75

102

102

94

98

102

119

91

109

105

105

98

109

105

105

109

115

108

108

103

104

103

96

116

110

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

1.5

0.8

0.8

1.2

1.1

1

0.7

0.9

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.9

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.66

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.75

0.785

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

754 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:48 PM

PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod PMMA, Imod

PLEXIGLAS® zk5BR

PLEXIGLAS® zk5HC

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 755

PLEXIGLAS® zk5HF

PLEXIGLAS® zk6BR

PLEXIGLAS® zk6HC

–

–

–

–

–

95

109

95

108

109

93

88

93

–

93

98

93

102

–

98

97

95

96

100

100

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.9

–

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 755

12/11/2007 6:24:49 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 756

TEEE TEEE TEEE, CD TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE+PBT TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE TEEE

Hytrel® 4068

Hytrel® 4069

Hytrel® 40CB

Hytrel® 4556

Hytrel® 5526

Hytrel® 5555HS

Hytrel® 5556

Hytrel® 6356

Hytrel® 7246

Hytrel® 8238

Hytrel® DYM350BK

Hytrel® G3548L

Hytrel® G4074

Hytrel® G4774

Hytrel® G4778

Hytrel® G5544

Hytrel® HTR4275 BK316 TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC

Arnitel® 3103

Arnitel® 3104

Arnitel® 3107

Arnitel® EB460

Arnitel® EB463

Arnitel® EB464

TPE/DSM

TEEE

Description

Hytrel® 4056

TPE/DuPont

Name and Grade

12.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers

210

203

217

220

212

221

196

215

208

208

170

170

154

222

221

218

211

211

203

203

203

–

–

150

Melt Point (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

−35

–

–

−30

−35

–

−60

50

25

–

0

−20

–

−20

–

–

−50

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

45

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

40

45

45

45

45

45

40

45

–

–

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

7

–

–

50

77

60

60

–

–

–

50

105

95

85

85

70

60

65

–

–

50

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

170

190

–

168

115

115

–

170

210

205

19

195

180

177

180

–

135

110

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

1.5

–

1.81

2.11

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.17

1.8

1.47

1.8

–

1.78

1.8

1.8

1.97

2.3

2.3

1.3

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

1.5

–

1.85

1.86

1.94

1.94

2.07

2.05

2.4

–

1.49

1.71

–

1.76

1.77

1.77

1.86

2.3

2.3

1.6

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

756 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:49 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 757

TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC

Arnitel® PL420-H

Arnitel® PL460-S

Arnitel® PL461

Arnitel® PL471

Arnitel® PL581

Amitel® PL650

Arnitel® PM381

Arnitel® PM460

Arnitel® PM460-B

Arnitel® PM471

Arnitel® PM581

TPC

Arnitel® EM630

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EM550

Arnitel® PL381

TPC

Arnitel® EM460

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EM402-L

Arnitel® PL380

TPC

Arnitel® EM401

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EM400

Arnitel® PB582-H

TPC

Arnitel® EL740-H/A

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EL740

Arnitel® PB420

TPC, GF20

Arnitel® EL695-G4

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EL630

TPC

TPC

Arnitel® EL550

Arnitel® EM630-H

TPC

Arnitel® EB500

Arnitel® EM740

TPC

Arnitel® EB464-01

218

217

216

216

212

221

218

224

220

220

220

212

212

220

211

221

212

212

207

185

195

–

195

220

221

219

212

207

215

214

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

−78

–

−78

–

–

–

−60

−64

–

–

100

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6

6

–

–

100

–

6

–

–

–

–

100

6

–

–

–

–

–

*

–

–

120

165

115

110

–

–

105

–

–

–

–

–

105

–

–

–

–

–

105

–

160

125

125

90

50

–

–

–

–

160

165

125

90

–

–

1.1

–

–

–

1.5

–

1.1

–

–

–

–

1.5

1.5

–

–

1.65

1.5

1.85

1.5

1.6

2.2

–

2.2

1.1

1.65

0.2

1.85

2

–

–

(Continued )

1.1

–

–

–

1.5

–

1.1

–

–

–

–

1.5

1.5

–

–

1.65

1.5

1.85

1.5

1.6

2.2

–

2.2

1.1

1.65

–

1.85

2

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 757

12/11/2007 6:24:49 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 758

TPC TPC

Arnitel® UM551-V

TPA TPA TPA TPA, CD TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA TPA

PEBAX 3533 SN 01

PEBAX 4033 SN 01

PEBAX 5533 SN 01

PEBAX 5533 SN 70 NOIR

PEBAX 6333 SN 01

PEBAX 7033 SN 01

PEBAX 7233 SN 01

PEBAX MH 1657

PEBAX MV 1041 SN 01

PEBAX MV 1074 SN 01 TPA TPA TPA TPA

VESTAMID E40-S3 nf

VESTAMID E47-S3 nf

VESTAMID E55-S3 nf

VESTAMID E62-S3 nf

PEBA/Degussa

TPA

PEBAX 2533 SN 01

PEBA/Arkema

TPC

Arnitel® UM551

Description

Arnitel® PM650

Name and Grade

12.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers

–

–

–

–

158

170

204

174

172

169

159

159

160

144

134

200

195

221

Melt Point (°C)

(cont’d)

–

–

–

–

−40

–

−40

–

–

–

–

–

−65

−65

−65

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

45

45

45

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

100

90

65

55

–

–

–

106

99

90

–

66

52

46

42

85

80

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

110

100

70

60

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

90

85

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

2

2

2.3

2.4

–

–

–

1.2

1.6

1.4

2.2

1.7

1.95

2.1

2

–

1.6

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

2

2

2.1

2.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

758 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:49 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 759

169 171

KYNAR 1000 HDC N 118 PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF

KYNAR 6000 HD

KYNAR 710

KYNAR 720

KYNAR 740

KYNAR 9000 HD

PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF

KYNAR FLEX 2800

KYNAR FLEX 2801

KYNAR FLEX 2820

KYNAR FLEX 2821

KYNAR FLEX 2822

KYNAR FLEX 2850 PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF PVDF

SOLEF 1008

SOLEF 1010

SOLEF 1012

SOLEF 11008

SOLEF 11010

SOLEF 21508

SOLEF 31008

SOLEF 31508

SOLEF 6010

PVDF/Solvay

135

PVDF

KYNAR FLEX 2750

174

165

170

134

159

161

175

175

175

158

142

142

142

142

142

170

KYNAR 9000 HDC N 123 PVDF, CF

171

168

168

168

169

Description

Melt Point (°C)

PVDF

KYNAR 1000 HD

PVDF/Arkema

Name and Grade

12.9 Fluoropolymers

−42

−31

−35.5

−33

−37

−33.5

−42

−42

−43.5

−38

−36

−36

−36

−36

−36

−34

−42

−40

−40

−40

−40

−40

−40

−40

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

110

36

48

40

52

52

112

113

115

–

48

48

48

48

48

–

125

110

105

110

110

108

104

104

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

145

49

82

62

100

100

145

147

148

114

–

–

68

–

68

–

–

–

135

132

130

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

14

49.9

79.6

58.2

95.2

89.6

140

140

138

107

76

76

76

79

79

61

–

141

135

139

140

140

–

138

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.77

–

1.36

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

–

1.5

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 759

12/11/2007 6:24:49 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 760

343

VESTAKEEP 4000 G nf

PEEK PEEK PEEK, GF30 PEEK, GF30 PEEK, CF30 PEEK, CF30 PEEK, (CF+PTFE+Graphite)30 PEEK, (CF+PTFE+Graphite)30

Victrex® 381G

Victrex® 450G

Victrex® 150GL30

Victrex® 450GL30

Victrex® 150CA30

Victrex® 450CA30

Victrex® 150FC30

Victrex® 450FC30 PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK, GF30 PEEK, GF30 PEEK, CF30 PEEK, CF30 PEEK Modified

Ketaspire™ KT-820P

Ketaspire™ KT-820 NT

Ketaspire™ KT-880P

Ketaspire™ KT-880 NT

Ketaspire™ KT-820 GF30

Ketaspire™ KT-880 GF30

Ketaspire™ KT-820 CF30

Ketaspire™ KT-880 CF30

Avaspire™ AV-650

PEEK/Solvay

PEEK

Victrex® 150G

PEEK/Victrex

VESTAKEEP 4000 GF30 nf PEEK, GF30

340

343

340

343

340

343

343

340

340

340

343

340

343

340

343

340

340

343

343

343

VESTAKEEP 4000 FC30 nf PEEK, PTFE10, Graphite10, CF10 PEEK

343

Description

VESTAKEEP 4000 CF30 nf PEEK, CF30

PEEK/Degussa

Name and Grade

Melt Point (°C)

12.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics

158

147

150

147

150

147

147

150

150

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

193

315

315

315

315

129

129

162

162

277

277

316

316

316

316

160

160

155

–

153

–

–

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

176

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.5

0.067

0.052

0.19

0.17

0.5

0.5

0.43

0.43

0.22

0.22

0.14

0.14

0.22

0.22

0.47

0.47

0.47

0.26

0.58

0.17

0.11

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

760 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:50 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 761

PEEK Modified, GF30 PEEK Modified, GF30 PEEK Modified, GF40

Avaspire™ AV-650 GF30

Avaspire™ AV-651 GF30

Avaspire™ AV-750 GF40

PES, GF20 PES, GF30 PES PES

Ultrason® E 2010 G4 UN

Ultrason® E 2010 G6 UN

Ultrason® E 2010 NAT

Ultrason® E 3010 NAT

PES PES PES, GF20 PES, GF30

RADEL A-200

RADEL A-300

RADEL AG-320

RADEL AG-330

PPS, GF40 PPS, GF30 PPS, (GF+MD)65

PRIMEF 4010

PRIMEF 5084

PRIMEF 7002 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF60 PPS, (GF+MD)60 PPS, (GF+MD)65 PPS, GF65 PPS, (GF+GB)40 PPS, (GF+MD)60 PPS, CF15

Tedur® L 9107-1

Tedur® L 9113-2

Tedur® L 9200-1

Tedur® L 9214-1

Tedur® L 9217-1

Tedur® L 9300-1

Tedur® L 9310-4

Tedur® L 9400-1

PPS/Albis

PPS, GF40

PRIMEF 4002

PPS/Solvay

PES

RADEL A-100

PES/Solvay

PES

Ultrason® E 1010 NAT

PES/BASF

PEEK Modified

Avaspire™ AV-651

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

*

345

340

340

340

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

220

220

220

220

220

228

225

225

225

225

150

158

158

158

260

–

260

260

–

–

–

–

260

260

260

260

216

214

204

204

204

195

195

212

212

195

285

213

209

190

–

240

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

220

218

214

214

214

218

218

224

224

216

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

218

217

215

215

215

215

215

217

217

215

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.15

–

0.18

–

0.31

0.31

0.486

0.486

0.486

0.55

0.55

0.15

0.24

0.55

0.15

0.17

0.19

0.47

(Continued )

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.27

–

0.41

–

0.31

0.31

0.486

0.486

0.486

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 761

12/11/2007 6:24:50 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 762

PPS, CF30 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF45 PPS, GF42 PPS, (GF+MD)60 PPS, (GF+MD)60 PPS, MD55 PPS, MD50 PPS, (GF+MD)65

Tedur® L 9510-1

Tedur® L 9511

Tedur® L 9512

Tedur® L 9521-1

Tedur® L 9523

Tedur® L 9530

Tedur® L 9560

Tedur® P 9007 PPS PPS PPS PPS PPS PPS, GF15 PPS, GF30 PPS, GF30 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40

FORTRON 0203

FORTRON 0203HS

FORTRON 0205

FORTRON 0214

FORTRON 0320

FORTRON 1115L0

FORTRON 1130L4

FORTRON 1131L4 ITT

FORTRON 1140E7

FORTRON 1140EC

FORTRON 1140L0

FORTRON 1140L4

FORTRON 1140L6

FORTRON 1140L7

FORTRON 1141L4

PPS/Ticona

PPS, PTFE5, GF40

Tedur® L 9404-1

Description

Tedur® L 9401-1

Name and Grade

280

280

280

280

280

–

280

280

*

–

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

Melt Point (°C)

12.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics (cont’d)

90

90

90

90

90

–

90

90

90

–

90

90

90

90

90

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

270

270

270

270

–

270

270

265

255

220

115

110

115

120

120

260

–

200

–

260

260

260

260

260

260

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

235

–

260

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

*

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

–

–

0.26

0.26

–

–

0.2

0.29

0.29

–

0.52

0.52

0.53

0.55

0.55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

–

–

0.42

0.62

–

–

0.41

0.62

0.52

–

0.53

0.53

0.52

0.53

0.53

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

762 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:50 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 763

PPS, (GF+MD)53 PPS, (GF+MD)53 PPS, (GF+MD)65 PPS, (GF+MD)65 PPS, (GF+MD)60 PPS, (GF+MD)65 PPS, (GF+MD)65 PPS, PTFE, (GF+MD)65 PPS, PTFE, GF30 PPS, (GF+MD)51 PPS, (GF+MD)50 PPS, GF20 PPS, GF40 PPS, GF40 PPS PPS

FORTRON 4184L4

FORTRON 4184L6

FORTRON 4332D4

FORTRON 4665B6

FORTRON 6160B4

FORTRON 6165A4

FORTRON 6165A6

FORTRON 6165D8

FORTRON 6345L4

FORTRON 6450A6

FORTRON 6850L6

FORTRON MT 9120L4

FORTRON MT 9140L4

FORTRON MT 9140L6

FORTRON MT 9203HS

FORTRON MT 9205C4

PPSU PPSU PPSU PPSU PPSU PPSU PPSU

RADEL R-5000

RADEL R-5100

RADEL R-5500

RADEL R-5700

RADEL R-7000 A

RADEL R-7200

RADEL R-7300 PSU, GF20 PSU, GF30 PSU

Ultrason® S 2010 G4 UN

Ultrason® S 2010 G6 UN

Ultrason® S 2010 NAT

PSU/BASF

PPSU

RADEL R-4300

PPSU/Solvay

PPS, PTFE, GF40

FORTRON 1342L4

*

*

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

280

280

280

280

280

280

–

–

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

187

187

187

–

–

–

220

220

220

220

–

90

90

90

90

90

90

–

–

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

167

183

183

182

188

182

207

207

207

207

207

115

120

270

270

255

270

260

260

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

181

187

188

–

–

193

214

214

214

214

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

180

190

187

–

–

–

–

225

–

–

–

*

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

0.55

0.21

0.25

–

–

–

0.56

0.558

0.56

0.558

–

0.55

–

–

–

0.15

–

–

0.19

0.19

0.19

–

–

–

0.24

0.24

0.22

(Continued )

*

*

–

–

–

–

0.56

0.558

0.56

0.558

–

–

0.53

–

–

–

0.17

–

–

0.24

0.24

0.24

–

–

–

0.32

0.32

0.4

12: Tables of Selected Thermal Properties 763

12/11/2007 6:24:50 PM

Mckeen_Ch12.indd 764

PSU, GF10 PSU, GF22 PSU, GF40 PSU, GF30 PSU, MD PSU, GF30 PSU, MD40 PSU, MD25 PSU PSU, GF10 PSU, GF20 PSU, GF30 PSU, GF10 PSU, GF20 PSU, GF30 PSU PSU PSU

MINDEL B-322

MINDEL B-340

MINDEL B-360

MINDEL B-390

MINDEL B-430

MINDEL M-800

MINDEL M-825

MINDEL S-1000

MINDEL S-1010

MINDEL S-1020

MINDEL S-1030

UDEL GF-110

UDEL GF-120

UDEL GF-130

UDEL P-1700

UDEL P-1720

UDEL P-3500

PSU

Description

MINDEL B-310

PSU/Solvay

Ultrason® S 3010 NAT

Name and Grade

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

*

Melt Point (°C)

12.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics (cont’d)

190

190

190

190

190

190

–

–

–

–

190

190

–

–

–

–

–

–

187

Glass Transition Temperature (°C)

174

174

174

181

180

179

155

153

151

149

174

179

166

169

160

160

160

158

169

HDT @ 1.8 MPa (°C)

–

181

181

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

186

HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C)

–

–

188

193

–

–

–

170

190

183

184

183

Vicat Softening Temperature (°C)

0.56

0.56

0.56

0.198

0.252

0.36

0.382

0.434

0.439

1.03

0.391

0.34

0.31

0.529

0.54

0.239

0.27

–

0.55

CLTE Parallel (×10E 4/°C)

0.56

0.56

0.56

0.198

0.252

0.36

0.382

0.434

0.439

1.03

0.391

0.34

0.31

0.529

0.54

0.239

0.27

–

*

CLTE Normal (×10E 4/°C)

764 The Effect of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

12/11/2007 6:24:50 PM

Appendix 1: Abbreviations ABS ASA COC COPE ECTFE ETFE EVA FEP HDPE HPPA LCP LDPE LLDPE MDPE PA PAI PAMXD6 PBI PBT PC PCE PCT PCTFE PE PEBA PEEK PEI PES PET

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers, same as TPE-E Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene High Density Polyethylene High Performance Polyamide Liquid Crystalline Polymer Low Density Polyethylene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Medium Density Polyethylene Polyamide (Nylon) Polyamide-Imide Polyarylamide, Polyxylylene Adipamide Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene Terephthalate Polycarbonate Perchloroethylene Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Polyether Block Amide Thermoplastic Elastomers Polyetheretherketone Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyethylene Terephthalate

PFA PI PMMA POM

Perfluoro Alkoxy Polyimide Polymethyl Methacrylate Polyoxymethylene or Acetal Homopolymer POM-Co Polyoxymethylene Copolymer or Acetal Copolymer PP Polypropylene PPA Polyphthalamide PPE Polyphenylene Ether, same as PPO PPO Polyphenylene Oxide, same as PPE PPS Polyphenylene Sulfide PPSU Polyphenylene Sulfone PS Polystyrene PSU Polysulfone PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PTP Polytrimethyl Pentene PUR Polyurethane PVC Polyvinyl Chloride PVDF Polyvinylidene Fluoride SAN Styrene-Acrylonitrile SMA Styrene-Maleic Anhydride TEEE Thermoplastic Elastomer Ether Ester Block Copolymer TPE Thermoplastic Elastomers TPE-E Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers, same as COPE TPU Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers UHMWPE Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene ULDPE Ultra Low Density Polyethylene VLDPE Very Low Density Polyethylene

765

Mckeen_Appendix-1.indd 765

12/11/2007 5:54:58 PM

Mckeen_Appendix-1.indd 766

12/11/2007 5:54:58 PM

Appendix 2: Trade Names Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

A. Schulman PE

PE

A. Schulman GmbH

A. Schulman PP

PP

A. Schulman GmbH

ACRYLITE PLUS®

Acrylic (PMMA)

CYRO Industries

ACRYLITE®

Acrylic (PMMA)

CYRO Industries

ACUDEL™

PPSU

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Akulon®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66

DSM Engineering Plastics

Akulon® Ultraflow™

Nylon 6

DSM Engineering Plastics

Algoflon

PTFE

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Amilan®

Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 66, Nylon Copolymer, Nylon

Toray Resin Company

Amilus™

Acetal

Toray Resin Company

AMODEL®

PPA

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Apec®

PC

Bayer MaterialScience AG

Aqualoy®

Nylon 66, PP

A. Schulman GmbH

Arlon

PEEK

Greene, Tweed & Co.

Arnite®

PBT, PBT+PET, PET

DSM Engineering Plastics

Arnitel®

TEEE

DSM Engineering Plastics

ASHLENE®

ABS, ABS+PC, Acetal, Nylon 11, Nylon 12, Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6, PBT, PC, PC+PBT, PET, PPE, PPE+PS, PPE+PS+Nylon, SAN

Ashley Polymers, Inc.

AURUM®

PI

Mitsui Chemicals America, Inc.

AvaSpire™

PEEK

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Bayblend®

ABS+PC

Bayer MaterialScience AG

Bayfol®

PC, PC+PBT

Bayer MaterialScience LLC

Bergadur®

PBT

PolyOne Corporation

Bergaform®

Acetal

PolyOne Corporation

Bergamid®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6

PolyOne Corporation

CALIBRE™

PC

Dow Plastics

Capron®

Nylon 6

BASF Corporation

Celanex®

PBT

Ticona

Celazole®

PBI

Quadrant Engineering Plastic Products

Celcon®

Acetal

Ticona

Celstran®

PE, Nylon 6, Nylon 66, PBT, PPS, TPU

Ticona

Centrex®

AES, ASA, ASA+AES, ASA+PC

Lustran Polymers

767

Mckeen_Appendix-2.indd 767

12/11/2007 5:55:06 PM

768

Appendix 2

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

Chisso Polypro

PP

Chisso America Inc.

Clearflex®

PE

Polimeri Europa

ComAlloy®

ABS, Nylon 6, Nylon 66, PP

A. Schulman GmbH

Compel®

PP

Ticona

Comshield®

ABS, Nylon 66, PC, PPS

A. Schulman GmbH

Comtuf®

ABS+PC, Nylon 6, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, PBT, PBT Alloy, PC, PC+PET, A. Schulman GmbH PC+Polyester, PC+Styrenic, PET, PP

Crastin®

PBT, PBT Alloy

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Cristamid®

Nylon 12

Arkema

CYCOLAC®

ABS

SABIC Innovative Plastics

CYCOLOY®

ABS+PC, PC

SABIC Innovative Plastics

CYREX®

PC+Acrylic

CYRO Industries

CYRO® MCR

Acetal

CYRO Industries

CYROLITE®

Acrylic (PMMA)

CYRO Industries

Cyrolon®

PC

CYRO Industries

CYROVU® HP2

Acrylic

CYRO Industries

Delrin®

Acetal

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Desmopan®

TPU, TPU-Ester/Ether, TPU-Polyester

Bayer MaterialScience AG

Duracap™

PVC

PolyOne Corporation

Durethan®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon Copolymer, Nylon

LANXESS AG

Durethan® A

Nylon 66

LANXESS AG

Durethan® B

Nylon 6

LANXESS AG

Durethan® T

Nylon 6

LANXESS AG

Dutral

EPDM, EPM, Polyolefin

Polimeri Europa

Dyflor

PVDF

Degussa AG

DYLARK®

SMA

NOVA Chemicals

Dyneon™ ETFE

ETFE

Dyneon

Dyneon™ PFA

Fluorelastomer

Dyneon

Dyneon™ THV

ETFE, FEP, Fluorelastomer, Fluoropolymer, PFA

Dyneon

Edgetek™

ABS, Acetal, PE, LCP, Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, PBT, PC, PC+PSU, PEEK, PEI, PES, PPA, PPS, PPSU, PSU

PolyOne Corporation

Edgetek™ XT

PC+PBT

PolyOne Corporation

Edistir®

PS, SBC

Polimeri Europa

Elastollan®

TPU, TPU-Ester/Ether, TPU-Polyester, TPU-Polyether

BASF Corporation

Elvamide®

Nylon

DuPont Engineering Polymers

EMERGE™

ABS, ABS+PC, PC

Dow Plastics

ENDURAN®

PBT, PBT+PC+PET, PBT+PET

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Mckeen_Appendix-2.indd 768

12/11/2007 5:55:06 PM

769

Trade Names

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

ENGAGE™

TPO

Dow Plastics

Enpnite

TP

Chisso America Inc.

EpiSpire™

PSU

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Fiberloc™

PVC

PolyOne Corporation

GAFONE™

PES

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GAFONE™ B

PSS

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GAFONE™ P

PPSU

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GAFONE™ S

PSU

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GAFONE™ T

PSS

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GATONE™

PEEK

Gharda Chemicals Limited (Solvay)

GELOY®

ASA, ASA+AMSAN, ASA+PC, ASA+PVC, ASA+SAN

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Geon®

PVC Alloy, PVC Elastomer, PVC+NBR

PolyOne Corporation

Geon® HTX™

PVC

PolyOne Corporation

GESAN®

SAN

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Grilamid®

PE, Nylon 12, Nylon 12 Elast, Nylon, PPA, TP

EMS-GRIVORY

Grilon®

Nylon 6, Nylon 6 Elast, Nylon 6/69, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6, Nylon Copolymer, Nylon, TPE

EMS-GRIVORY

Grivory®

Nylon Copolymer, PPA

EMS-GRIVORY

GUR

PE, Polyolefin, UHMWPE

Ticona

Halar

ECTFE

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Halon

ETFE

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Hiloy®

ABS, Nylon 6, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, PBT, PBT Alloy, PC, PET, Polyester Alloy, PPE+PS+Nylon, PPS, SAN, SMA

A. Schulman GmbH

Hostacom

Polyolefin, PP, TPO

Basell Polyolefins

Hostaform

Acetal

Ticona

Hostalen

PE, PP

Basell Polyolefins

Hostalen PP

PP

Basell Polyolefins

HSPP

PP

Chisso America Inc.

Hyflon® MFA

PFA

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Hyflon® PFA

PFA

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Hylar®

PVDF

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Hytrel®

TPC-ET

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Impet®

PET

Ticona

Reny

PAMXD6

Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp

Iupiace®

PPE+PS

Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp

Iupilon®

ABS+PC, PC, PC Alloy, PC+PBT, PC+PET

Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp

Iupital®

Acetal

Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp

IXEF®

PAMXD6

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Mckeen_Appendix-2.indd 769

12/11/2007 5:55:06 PM

770

Appendix 2

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

KADEL®

PEEK

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Kapton

PI

DuPont Packaging & Industrial Polymers

KetaSpire™

PEEK

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Koblend®

ABS+PC, PS+PE

Polimeri Europa

Kostil®

SAN

Polimeri Europa

Kynar Flex®

PVDF

Arkema

Kynar®

PVDF

Arkema

LEXAN®

ABS+PC, PC, PC+PBT, PC+Polyester, PC+PPC, PC+SAN, PPC

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Lubricomp®

ABS, Acetal, Nylon 12, Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon, PBT, PC, PEEK, PEI, PES, PPA, PPE+PS, PPSU, PVDF, SAN, TPEE

LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC Innovative Plastics)

Lubrilon®

Nylon 6, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon, PBT Alloy, PC, PPS

A. Schulman GmbH

Lubriloy®

Acetal, Nylon 66, PC, PPA, PPE+PS

LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC Innovative Plastics)

Lubri-Tech™

Acetal, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, PC, PPS

PolyOne Corporation

LUCITE®

Acrylic (PMMA)

Lucite International Inc.

LUCITE® Acritherm™

Acrylic (PMMA)

Lucite International Inc.

LUCITE® SuperTuf™

Acrylic (PMMA)

Lucite International Inc.

Lupolen

PE

Basell Polyolefins

Lupolex

PE

Basell Polyolefins

Luran®

SAN

BASF Corporation

Luran® S

ASA

BASF Corporation

Lustran® ABS

ABS, ABS+Acrylic

Lustran Polymers

Lustran® Elite

ABS

Lustran Polymers

Lustran® SAN

SAN

Lustran Polymers

Lustran® Ultra

ABS, ABS+PC

Lustran Polymers AG

MAGNUM™

ABS

Dow Plastics

Makroblend®

PC Alloy, PC+PET

Bayer MaterialScience LLC

Makrofol®

PC

Bayer MaterialScience LLC

Makrolon®

PC, PC+PET

Bayer MaterialScience AG

Malen

PE

Basell Polyolefins

MarFlex™ HiD®

PE

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC

MarFlex™ PE

PE+PE

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC

Marlex®

PE

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC

Maxxam™

PP

PolyOne Corporation

Maxxam™ FR

PE, PP

PolyOne Corporation

Metocene

PP

Basell Polyolefins

MINDEL®

PSU, PSU Alloy, PSU+ABS

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Minlon®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66

DuPont Engineering Polymers

MonTor Nylon

Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 66, Nylon

Toray Resin Company

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771

Trade Names

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

Moplen

PP, TPU

Basell Polyolefins

Norpex®

PPE

Custom Resins Group

NORYL GTX®

PPE+PS+Nylon, PPS+PPE

SABIC Innovative Plastics

NORYL PPX®

PPE+PS+PP

SABIC Innovative Plastics

NORYL®

PPE, PPE+Polyolefin, PPE+PS, PPE+PS+PPS+PPE, PS

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Novodur®

ABS

Lustran Polymers

Nylatron®

Nylon 66

DSM Engineering Plastics

Nylene®

Nylon 6, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6, Nylon,

Custom Resins Group

Oleform

PP

Chisso America Inc.

Olehard

PP

Chisso America Inc.

Orgalloy®

Nylon 6, Nylon 6 Alloy, Nylon 66 Alloy

Arkema

Pebax®

PEBA

Arkema

PELLETHANE™

TPU-Ester/Ether, TPU-Polyester, TPU-Polyether

Dow Plastics

Petra®

PET

BASF Corporation

Plexalloy®

ABS+Acrylic

Rohm GmbH & Co. KG

POCAN®

PBT, PBT+ASA, PBT+PET, PC+PBT, PET

LANXESS AG

Polyaxis®

EVA, PE, Polyolefin, PP

A. Schulman GmbH

Polybatch™

PET, Polyolefin, PP, PS

A. Schulman GmbH

Polyfabs®

ABS

A. Schulman GmbH

Polyflam®

ABS, ABS+PC, PE, PP, PS

A. Schulman GmbH

Polyfort®

PE, Nylon+PP, Polyolefin, PP

A. Schulman GmbH

Polyman®

ABS, ABS+PC, Acrylic (PMMA), ASA, PC, SAN

A. Schulman GmbH

PREVAIL™

ABS+TPU

Dow Plastics

PREVEX®

PPE+PS, SMA

SABIC Innovative Plastics

PULSE™

ABS+PC

Dow Plastics

RADEL®A

PES

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

RADEL®R

PES, PPSU

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

REMEX®

PBT, PC+PBT

SABIC Innovative Plastics

RETAIN

ABS+PC, PC

Dow Plastics

Rilsan®

Nylon 11, Nylon 12

Arkema

Rilsan® Fine Powders

Nylon 11

Arkema

Riteflex®

TEEE

Ticona

Rynite®

PBT, PET

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Ryton®

PPS

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC

Schulablend®

ABS+Nylon, ABS+PC, Nylon 6, Nylon+PP A. Schulman GmbH

Schuladur®

PBT, PBT+PET, PET

A. Schulman GmbH

Schulaform®

Acetal

A. Schulman GmbH

Schulamid®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6, Nylon

A. Schulman GmbH

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772

Appendix 2

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

Schulatec®

PPS, SPS

A. Schulman GmbH

Sinkral®

ABS

Polimeri Europa

Siveras™

LCP

Toray Resin Company

SOLEF®

PVDF

Solvay Solexis, Inc.

Stanyl®

Nylon 46

DSM Engineering Plastics

Stapron® E

PC+PET

DSM Engineering Plastics

Stat-Kon®

ABS, ABS+PC, Acetal, Nylon 12, Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 66, PBT, PC, PEEK, LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC PEI, PES, Polyolefin, PPA, PPE+PS, Innovative Plastics) PPS, PUR

Stat-Loy®

ABS, ABS+PC, Acetal, Acrylic (PMMA), Nylon 6, PBT, PP

LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC Innovative Plastics)

STYRON A-TECH™

PS

Dow Plastics

STYRON™

PS

Dow Plastics

SUMIKAEXCEL® PES

PES

Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.

SUMIKASUPER® LCP LCP

Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc.

Teflon® AF

Fluoropolymer

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Teflon® C PFA

PFA

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Teflon® FEP

FEP

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Teflon® PFA

PFA

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Teflon® PTFE

PTFE

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Tefzel

ETFE

DuPont Fluoropolymers

Terblend® N

Nylon 6+ABS

BASF Corporation

Terluran®

ABS

BASF Corporation

Texin®

ABS+TPU, PC+TPU, TPU, TPU-Ester/ Ether, TPU-Polyester, TPU-Polyether

Bayer MaterialScience LLC

Thermocomp®

ABS, ABS+PC, Acetal, ETFE, Nylon 11, Nylon 12, Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, PBT, PC, PC+PBT, PEEK, PEI, PES, Polyester, TP, PPA, PPE+PS, PPS, PPSU, PSU, PUR, PVDF, SAN, TP, TPEE

LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC Innovative Plastics)

Thermotuf®

Nylon 6, Nylon 610, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon, PBT, PC, Polyester, TP, PPS

LNP Engineering Plastics Inc. (SABIC Innovative Plastics)

Thermx®

PCT

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Thermylene®

PP

Asahi Kasei Plastics North America Inc.

Toraycon®

PBT

Toray Resin Company

Torelina®

PPS

Toray Resin Company

TORLON®

PAI

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

Toyolac®

ABS, ABS+Nylon, ABS+PBT, ABS+PC

Toray Resin Company

Toyolacparel

ABS

Toray Resin Company

Triax®

ABS, ABS+Nylon, Nylon 6+ABS

Lustran Polymers

Trogamid

Nylon 6/3T, Nylon

Degussa AG

TYRIL™

SAN

Dow Plastics

Mckeen_Appendix-2.indd 772

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773

Trade Names

Product

Polymer Types

Manufactured by

UDEL®

PSU

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

ULTEM®

PEI, PEI+PCE

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Ultradur®

PBT, PBT+ASA, PBT+PET

BASF Corporation

Ultraform®

Acetal

BASF Corporation

Ultramid®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66

BASF Corporation

Ultramid® A

Nylon 66

BASF Corporation

Ultramid® B

Nylon 6

BASF Corporation

Ultramid® C

Nylon 66/6

BASF Corporation

Ultrason® E

PES

BASF Corporation

Ultrason® S

PSU

BASF Corporation

VALOX®

ABS+PBT, ABS+PBT+PET, PBT, PBT+PC+PET, PBT+PET, PC+PBT, PET

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Vandar®

PBT, TEEE

Ticona

Vespel®

PI

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Vestamid®

Nylon 12, Nylon 12 Elast, Nylon 612, PEBA

Degussa AG

Voloy®

Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon 66 Alloy, PBT, PBT Alloy, PET, PP

A. Schulman GmbH

Voltalef®

PTFE

Arkema

Xantar®

PC

DSM Engineering Plastics

Xantar® C

ABS+PC

DSM Engineering Plastics

XENOY®

ABS+PBT+PC, PBT+PET, PC+PBT, PC+PET, PC+Polyester

SABIC Innovative Plastics

XT® Polymer

Acrylic (PMMA)

CYRO Industries

XYDAR®

LCP

Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.

XYLEX®

PC+Polyester

SABIC Innovative Plastics

Yparex®

PE

DSM Engineering Plastics

Zenite®

LCP

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Zytel®

Nylon 6, Nylon 612, Nylon 66, Nylon 66/6

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Zytel® HTN

PPA

DuPont Engineering Polymers

Mckeen_Appendix-2.indd 773

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Appendix 3: Unit Conversion Tables The following tables show conversion factors to convert most of the units used in this book from SI units (Système International) to various English units.

The conversion factors are reported only to four significant figures.

Pressure, Stress, Modulus Convert from

Convert to

gigapascal (GPa)

MPa

kilopascal (kPa)

atmosphere, standard (atm)

kilopascal (kPa)

bar (bar)

kilopascal (kPa) kilopascal (kPa) megapascal (MPa)

Multiply by 1000 0.009869 0.01

kilogram-force per square centimeter pound-force per square inch (psi)

(lbf/in.2)

kilogram-force per square millimeter

megapascal (MPa)

pound-force per square inch (psi)

pascal (Pa)

atmosphere, standard (atm)

pascal (Pa)

bar (bar)

(kgf/cm2)

(kgf/mm2)

(lbf/in.2)

0.1450 0.1020 145.0 9.869 × 10−6 0.00001

(dyn/cm2)

pascal (Pa)

dyne per square centimeter

pascal (Pa)

gram-force per square centimeter (gf/cm2)

pascal (Pa)

kilogram-force per square centimeter (kgf/cm2)

pascal (Pa)

kilogram-force per square meter (kgf/m2)

pascal (Pa)

kilogram-force per square millimeter

pascal (Pa)

pound-force per square foot (lbf/ft2)

pascal (Pa)

0.01020

pound-force per square inch (psi)

10

(kgf/mm2)

0.01020 1.020 × 10−5 0.1020 1.020 × 10−7 0.02089

(lbf/in.2)

0.0001450

Energy Convert from

Convert to

Multiply by

joule (J)

British thermal unit (Btu)

0.0009471

joule (J)

erg (erg)

10000000

joule (J)

foot pound-force (ft lbf)

0.7376

joule (J)

kilocalorie (mean) (kcal)

0.0002387

joule (J)

kilowatt hour (kW h)

joule (J)

watt hour (W h)

joule (J)

watt second (W s)

megajoule (MJ)

2.778 × 10−7 0.0002778 1

kilowatt hour (kW h)

watt per square meter

(W/m2)

watt per square meter

(W/m2)

watt per square meter

(W/m2)

0.2778

erg per square centimeter second watt per square centimeter watt per square inch

(W/cm2)

(W/in.2)

1000 0.0001 0.0006452

775

Mckeen_Appendix-3.indd 775

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776

Appendix 3

Force Convert from

Convert to

Multiply by

newton (N)

dyne (dyn)

100000

newton (N)

kilogram-force (kgf)

0.1020

newton (N)

pound-force (lbf)

0.2248

newton per kilogram (N/kg)

pound-force per pound (lbf/lb)

0.1020

newton per meter (N/m)

pound-force per foot (lbf/ft)*

0.06852

newton per meter (N/m)

pound-force per inch (lbf/in.)

0.005710

*Pound force-foot is often called a foot pound.

Impact Resistance Convert from kilojoule per square meter

(kJ/m2)

kilojoule per square meter

(kJ/m2)

Convert to

kilogram centimeter per square centimeter

(kg-cm/cm2)

kilogram centimeter per square centimeter

(kg-cm/cm2)

Multiply by

pound-force per square inch

(lbf/in.2)

0.4758

pound-force per square foot

(lbf/ft2)

68.52

joules per square centimeter

(J/cm2)

0.09804

pound-force per square inch

(lbf/in.2)

0.4666

kilogram centimeter per centimeter (kg-cm/cm)

joules per centimeter (J/cm)

0.09804

kilogram centimeter per centimeter (kg-cm/cm)

pound-force per inch (lbf/in.)

0.1837

joules per centimeter (J/cm)

pound-force per inch (lbf/in.)

1.873

joules per meter (J/m)

pound-force per foot (lbf/ft)

0.2248

Linear Expansion Convert from millimeters per millimeter per degree Centigrade (mm/mm/°C)

Convert to

Multiply by

inches per inch per degree Fahrenheit (in./in./°F)

0.5556

Tear Strength Convert from

Convert to

Multiply by

kilonewtons/meter (kN/m)

pound-force per foot (lbf/ft)

68.52

kilonewtons/meter (kN/m)

pound-force per inch (lbf/in.)

5.710

Specific Heat Convert from kilojoules/kilogram °K (kJ/kg °K)

Convert to Btu/pound/°F (Btu/lb °F)

Multiply by 0.2388

Dielectric Strength Convert from kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm)

Mckeen_Appendix-3.indd 776

Convert to volts per mil (V/mil)

Multiply by 25.4

12/11/2007 5:55:16 PM

INDEX 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 151 4-Methylpentene-1 based polyolefin, 381 4-Methylpentene-1, 379 6-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (HNA), 151 ABS/A. Schulman, 561–563, 693 ABS/DOW, 559–561, 691–693 ABS/Lanxess, 563, 693–694 Acetal copolymer, see Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co) Acetal homopolymer, see Polyoxymethylene (POM) Acrylic/Arkema, 663, 753 Acrylic/Degussa, 663–665, 754–755 Acrylics, 379–417, 749–755 Acrylite® acrylic resin shear modulus vs. temperature of, 414 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 4, 42, 61–78 chemical structure, 43 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), 41–42, 51–55 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 210 Addition polymerization, 1 Additives, 5–7 Adipic acid, 244 ALCOM® PP 620/8 GF/MRX, 749 Algoflon® 15GL, 673 Algoflon® 15GR, 673 Algoflon® 25 CAR B, 673 Algoflon® 25CAR, 673 Algoflon® 25GL, 673 Algoflon® 50 INOX, 673 Algoflon® 55BZ+5Mos, 674 Algoflon® 60BZ, 673 Algoflon® DF 210, 673 Algoflon® DF 230, 673 Algoflon® DF 280X, 673 Algoflon® DF 380, 673 Algoflon® DF 381, 673 Algoflon® DF 680X, 673 Algoflon® F3140 X, 673 Algoflon® F5, 673 Algoflon® F5/S, 673 Algoflon® F6, 673 Algoflon® F7, 673 Algoflon® S 111, 673 Algoflon® S 121, 673 Algoflon® S 131, 673 Algoflon®25CAR+5CER, 674 Altech® PP-B A1000/120 UV, 659, 749 Altech® PP-B A2020/150 GF20 CP, 659, 749

Altech® PP-B A2030/150 GF30 CP, 659, 749 Altech® PP-B A2040/150 GF40 CP, 659, 749 Altech® PP-B A4430/120 MR30 UV, 659, 749 Altech® PP-B A4815/100 MR15, 659, 749 Altech® PP-H A1000/100 DS, 659, 749 Altech® PP-H A1000/140 FR, 659, 749 Altech® PP-H A1000/149 FR, 659, 749 Altech® PP-H A2020/100 GF20, 660, 749 Altech® PP-H A2020/150 GF20 CP, 660, 749 Altech® PP-H A2030/100 GF30, 660, 749 Altech® PP-H A2030/156 GF30 CP, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A2030/157 GF30 CP, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A2030/158 GF30 CP, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A2030/252 GF30 UV CP, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A3020/100 GB20, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A3030/100 GB30, 660, 750 Altech® PP-H A4818/100 MR18 DS, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4920/100 MR20, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4920/106 MR20, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4920/170 MR20, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4930/100 MR30, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4930/106 MR30, 661, 750 Altech® PP-H A4940/100 MR40, 661, 750 ALTECHO PP-B A 4920/100 MR20, 749 AltechO PP-B A4920/100 MR20, 659 AltechO PP-H A2030/150 GF30 CP, 660, 749 AltechO PP-H A2030/250 GF30 CP, 660, 750 AltechO PP-H A2040/150 GF40 CP, 660, 750 Alternating copolymer, 2 Altuglas DRM, 663, 753 Altuglas DRT, 663, 753 Altuglas HFI-10, 663, 753 Altuglas HFI-7, 663, 753 Altuglas HT 121, 663, 753 Altuglas MI-2T, 663, 753 Altuglas MI-4T, 663, 753 Altuglas MI-7T, 663, 753 Altuglas SG 10, 663, 753 Altuglas SG 7, 663, 753 Altuglas V 044, 663, 753 Altuglas V 045, 663, 753 Altuglas V 825 HID, 663, 753 Altuglas V 825 T, 663, 753 Altuglas V 920 T, 663, 753 Altuglas VM, 663, 753 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 7, 379 Amilan® CM2001 (dry), 643 Amilan® CM2001(cond), 643

777

Mckeen_Index.indd 777

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778

Amilan® CM2001, 742 Amilan® CM2006 (dry), 643 Amilan® CM2006 (cond), 643 Amilan® CM2006, 742 Amilan® CM2401, 643, 742 Aminolauric acid, 244 Aminoundecanoic acid, 244 Amite® A06 300, 598 Amitel® PL650, 667, 757 Amodel A-1133 HS (cond.), 647 Amodel A–1133 HS (dry), 647 Amodel A-1133 HS, 743 Amodel A-1145 HS (cond.), 647 Amodel A-1145 HS (dry), 647 Amodel A-1145 HS, 743 Amodel A1230 L (dry), 647 Amodel A-1230 L (cond.), 647 Amodel A-1230 L, 743 Amodel A-1240 HS (cond.), 647 Amodel A-1240 HS (dry), 647 Amodel A-1240 HS, 743 Amodel A-1240 L (dry), 647 Amodel A-1240 L, 647, 743 Amodel A-1565 HS (dry), 647 Amodel A-1565 HS, 743 Amodel AF-1133 V0 (cond.), 647 Amodel AF-1133 V0 (dry), 647 Amodel AF-1133 V0, 743 Amodel AF-1145 V0 (cond.), 647 Amodel AF-1145 V0 (dry), 647 Amodel AF-1145 V0, 744 Amodel AF-4133 V0 (cond.), 647 Amodel AF-4133 V0 (dry), 647 Amodel AF-4133 V0, 744 Amodel AF-4145 V0 (cond.), 648 Amodel AF-4145 V0 (dry), 648 Amodel AF-4145 V0, 744 Amodel AFA-4133 V0 Z (dry), 648 Amodel AFA-4133 V0 Z, 744 Amodel AFA-6133 V0 Z (dry), 648 Amodel AFA-6133 V0 Z, 744 Amodel AFA-6145 V0 Z (dry), 648 Amodel AFA-6145 V0 Z, 744 Amodel AP-9240 NL NT (dry), 648 Amodel AP-9240 NL NT, 744 Amodel AS-1133 HS (cond.), 648 Amodel AS-1133 HS (dry), 648 Amodel AS-1133 HS, 744 Amodel AS-1145 HS (cond.), 648 Amodel AS-1145 HS (dry), 648 Amodel AS-1145 HS, 744 Amodel AS-1566 HS (cond.), 648 Amodel AS-1566 HS (dry), 648 Amodel AS-1566 HS, 744 Amodel AS-1933 HS (dry), 648 Amodel AS-1933 HS, 744

Mckeen_Index.indd 778

Index

Amodel AS-1945 HS (dry), 649 Amodel AS-1945 HS, 744 Amodel AS-4133 HS (cond.), 649 Amodel AS-4133 HS (dry), 649 Amodel AS-4133 HS, 744 Amodel AS-4145 HS (cond.), 649 Amodel AS-4145 HS (dry), 649 Amodel AS-4145 HS, 744 Amodel AT-1001 L (dry), 649 Amodel AT-1001 L (cond.), 649 Amodel AT-1001 L, 744 Amodel AT-1116 HS (cond.), 649 Amodel AT-1116 HS (dry), 649 Amodel AT-1116 HS, 744 Amodel AT-1125 HS (cond.), 649 Amodel AT-1125 HS (dry), 649 Amodel AT-1125 HS, 744 Amodel AT-5001 (cond.) Amodel AT-5001 (dry), 649 Amodel AT-5001, 744 Amodel AT-6115 HS, 744 Amodel ET-1001 HS (cond.), 649 Amodel ET-1001 HS (dry), 649 Amodel ET-1001 HS, 744 Amodel ET-1001 L (dry), 649 Amodel ET-1001 L (cond.), 649 Amodel ET-1001 L, 744 Amorphous nylon, 247 chemical structure, 248 Antiblocking agents, 5 Antistatic agents, 6 Apec® 1600, 578, 705 Apec® 1605, 578, 705 Apec® 1695, 578, 705 Apec® 1700, 578, 705 Apec® 1703, 578, 705 Apec® 1705, 578, 705 Apec® 1745, 578, 705 Apec® 1795, 578, 705 Apec® 1800, 578, 705 Apec® 1803, 578, 705 Apec® 1805, 578, 705 Apec® 1895, 578, 705 Apec® 1897, 578, 705 Apec® 2095, 578, 705 Apec® 2097, 578, 705 Apec® DP1-9354, 578, 705 Apec® DP1-9354/1, 578, 705 Apec® DP1-9379, 578, 705 Apec® DP1-9389, 578, 705 Arkema Kynar Flex® 2750 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 490 Arkema Kynar Flex® 710 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 490

12/11/2007 6:27:19 PM

INDEX

Arkema Kynar Flex® copolymer PVDF resins, see also individual entries shear modulus vs. temperature for, 493 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 495 Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 494 Arkema Orgalloy® RS 6010 pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 377 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 375 Arkema Pebax® 2533 SN 01 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 443 Arkema Pebax® 3533 SN 01 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 444 Arkema Pebax® 4033 SN 01 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 444 Arkema Pebax® PEBA thermoplastic elastomer resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 445 Arkema Rilsan® BMN P20 stress vs. strain at temperatures for, 257 Arkema Rilsan® BMN PA11 resin elongation at break vs. temperature for, 259 equilibrium water absorption vs. relative humidity for, 264 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 259, 260 Rockwell hardness vs. temperature for, 263 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 260 stress at yield vs. moisture content for, 262 tensile strength vs. temperature for several, 262 Arkema Rilsan® BUM 30 O stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 257 Arkema Rilsan® BZM 23 G9 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 258 Arkema Rilsan® PA11 resins torsional modulus vs. moisture content for, 261 Arkema Voltalef® 302 PCTFE resin dielectric constant vs. temperature at 25°C for, 487 dissipation factor vs. frequency at 25°C for, 488 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 60 Hz for, 488 Arnite® A04 900, 598, 721 Arnite® A06 101, 598 Arnite® A06 300, 721 Arnite® A06 700, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 340, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 360 S, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 365 SN, 721, 599 Arnite® AV2 370 /B, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 370, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 372, 194, 599, 721 Arnite® AV2 390, 599, 721 Arnite® D00 301, 599, 721 Arnite® T06 200 SNF, 718 Arnite® T06 200 (extrusion), 595 Arnite® T06 200, 595 Arnite® T06 200, 718 Arnite® T06 200SNF, 595 Arnite® T06 202 XL, 595, 718 Arnite® T06 202, 595, 718

Mckeen_Index.indd 779

779

Arnite® T06 204 SN, 718 Arnite® T06 204 XL, 595, 719 Arnite® T06 204SN, 595 Arnite® T06 206 T, 595 Arnite® T08 200 (extrusion), 595 Arnite® T08 200, 595, 719 Arnite® TM4 440, 605, 725 Arnite® TV4 220, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 230 SF, 719 Arnite® TV4 230, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 230SF, 595 Arnite® TV4 240 S, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 240, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 260 S, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 260 SF, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 261, 595, 719 Arnite® TV4 264SN, 596 Arnite® TV4 270, 596 Arnite® TV4 441, 605, 726 Arnite® TV4 461 KL, 605, 726 Arnite® TV4 461, 605, 726 Arnite® TV6 241 T, 596 Arnitel® 3103, 666, 756 Arnitel® 3104, 667, 756 Arnitel® 3107, 756 Arnitel® EB460, 667, 756 Arnitel® EB463, 667, 756 Arnitel® EB464, 667, 756 Arnitel® EB464-01, 667, 757 Arnitel® EB500, 667, 757 Arnitel® EL550, 667, 757 Arnitel® EL630, 667, 757 Arnitel® EL695-G4, 667, 757 Arnitel® EL740, 667, 757 Arnitel® EL740-H/A, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM400, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM401, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM402-L, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM460, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM550, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM630, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM630-H, 667, 757 Arnitel® EM740, 667, 757 Arnitel® PB420, 667, 757 Arnitel® PB582-H, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL380, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL381, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL420-H, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL460-S, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL461, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL471, 667, 757 Arnitel® PL581, 667, 757 Arnitel® PM381, 667, 757 Arnitel® PM460, 668, 757 Arnitel® PM460-B, 668, 757 Arnitel® PM471, 668, 757

12/11/2007 6:27:19 PM

780

Arnitel® PM581, 668, 757 Arnitel® PM650, 668, 758 Arnitel® UM551, 668, 758 Arnitel® UM551-V, 668, 758 ASA/A. Schulman, 558, 690 ASA/BASF, 557–558, 689–690 Asahi Kasei Thermylene® PP resins flexural modulus at 23°C vs. glass fiber content of, 389 tensile strength at break vs. glass fiber content at 23°C of, 391 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 392 ASTM C177-04 Standard Test Method, 16, 687 ASTM C351-92b (1999) Standard Test Method, 16, 687 ASTM D1238-04c Standard Test Method, 17 ASTM D1525-06 Standard Test Method, 16, 687 ASTM D696-03 Standard Test Method, 16, 25, 687 ASTM D746-04 Standard Test Method, 16, 687 ASTM D790-03 standard test methods, 13 ASTM E1356-03 Standard Test Method, 16, 687 ASTM E228-06 standard test method, 25 ASTM E831-06 Standard Test Method, 16, 25, 687 Avaspire™ AV-650 GF30, 761 Avaspire™ AV-650, 760 Avaspire™ AV-651 GF30, 761 Avaspire™ AV-651, 761 Avaspire™ AV-750 GF40, 761 AviSpire® PEEK resins dynamic shear modulus vs. temperature of, 508 Basell Polyolefi ns Hostalen® PP resin tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 391 Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H1022 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 388 Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H2250 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 388 Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® H5216 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 389 Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® PP resins coefficient of thermal expansion vs. temperature of, 394, 395 enthalpy vs. temperature of, 395 notched charpy impact strength vs. temperature of, 393, 394 Basell Polyolefins Hostalen® PPN 1060 F PP resins dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of, 396 Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 1810H stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 383 Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5031L stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 383 Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5041H stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 384 Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 5261Z stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 384

Mckeen_Index.indd 780

Index

Basell Polyolefins Lupolen® 6031M stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 385 Basell Polyolefins PE resin hardness vs. density of, 387 notched tensile impact strength vs. melt flow rate (MFR) of, 386 specific volume vs. temperature and pressure (PVT) of, 387 tensile modulus vs. density of, 386 yield stress vs. density of, 385 BASF Elastollan® 1164 D stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 421 BASF Elastollan® 1185 A stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 421 BASF Elastollan® C 64 D stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 422 BASF Elastollan® C 85 A stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 422 BASF Elastollan® C 95 A stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 423 BASF Elastollan® polyester TPU resins coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 432 hardness vs. temperature for, 431 BASF Elastollan® R 1000 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 424 BASF Elastollan® R 2000 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 425 BASF Elastollan® R 3000 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 425 BASF Elastollan® R glass fiber filled TPU resins elastic modulus vs. temperature for, 428, 429 tear strength vs. temperature for, 429, 430 BASF for Hostaform® C 2521 elongation at break vs. temperature for, 125 BASF Hostaform® dissipation factor vs. frequency at 25°C for, 130 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 105 Hz for, 130 BASF Hostaform® C 9021 ball indentation hardness vs. temperature for, 123 Specific volume as a function of PVT for, 123 BASF Luran® 368 R specific volume as a function of PVT for, 61 tensile stress vs. strain for, 55 BASF Luran® 378P tensile stress vs. strain for, 56 BASF Luran® 378P G7 tensile stress vs. strain for, 56 BASF Luran® 388S tensile stress vs. strain for, 57 BASF Luran® ASA resins falling dart impact vs. temperature for, 54 penetration energy vs. temperature for, 55 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 53

12/11/2007 6:27:19 PM

INDEX

BASF Luran® S 757 R specific volume as a function of PVT for, 54 tensile stress vs. strain for, 51 BASF Luran® S 757 S tensile stress vs. strain for, 51 BASF Luran® S 778 T tensile stress vs. strain for, 52 BASF Luran® SAN resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 59 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 60 BASF PA6 resins (DAM) tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 251, 252 BASF Petra® 130 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 186 BASF Petra® 30 BK-112 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 187 BASF Petra® 330 FR BK stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 187 BASF Petra® reinforced recycled PET resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 190 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 193 BASF polystyrenes BASF Polystyrene 158 K stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 44 BASF Polystyrene 454 C stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 44 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 49 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 46 Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 47 BASF Styrolux® 3G55 resin Young’s modulus vs. polystyrene content for, 83 BASF Styrolux® 656 C high flow SBC resin specific volume as a function of PVT for, 85 BASF Styrolux® 684D resin penetration energy (ISO 6603-2) vs. polystyrene content for, 84 Vicat softening temperature vs. polystyrene content for, 84 BASF Styrolux® SBC resins stress vs. strain at 23°C for, 83 BASF Terblend® ABS/PA resins tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 91 BASF Terblend® N NG04 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 89 BASF Terluran® ABS resins tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 72 BASF Terluran® HH-106 tensile stress vs. strain for, 66 BASF Terluran® HI-10 tensile stress vs. strain for, 67 BASF Ultradur® tensile strength vs. temperature for, 176 BASF Ultradur® S4090 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 211

Mckeen_Index.indd 781

781

BASF Ultradur® S4090 G4 dielectric constant vs. frequency at 23°C for, 212 dissipation factor vs. frequency at 23°C for, 212 BASF Ultraform® acetal copolymer resins modulus of elasticity vs. temperature for, 115 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 116 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 118 BASF Ultraform® H 2320 006 specific volume as a function of PVT for, 124 stress vs. strain for, 113 BASF Ultraform® H 4320 stress vs. strain for, 113 BASF Ultraform® N 2200 G53 specific volume as a function of PVT for, 124 stress vs. strain for, 114 BASF Ultramid® A3EG10 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 277, 278 BASF Ultramid® A3EG6 dielectric strength vs. moisture content and temperature for, 309 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 275, 276 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 311 BASF Ultramid® A3K pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 304 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 278, 279 BASF Ultramid® A3WG7 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 276, 277 BASF Ultramid® A3XG6 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 311 BASF Ultramid® B3EG5 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 249–250 BASF Ultramid® B3K pressure–specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 255 BASF Ultramid® B-3nylon 6 notched izod of, 6 BASF Ultramid® C3U stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 330 BASF Ultramid® C3U-C 3U pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 335 BASF Ultramid® PA6 resins linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 256 shear modulus vs. temperature for several, 251 tensile strength vs. moisture content for several, 254 water absorption vs. relative humidity for, 256 BASF Ultramid® PA66 resins (DAM) linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 306 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 290, 333 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 291, 292, 334 tensile strength vs. moisture content for, 298 Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 292 BASF Ultramid® reinforced PA6 resins Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 253 BASF Ultramid® S3 and S4 PA610 resins linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 315 water absorption vs. relative humidity for, 315

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

782

BASF Ultrason® E 1010 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 513 BASF Ultrason® E 2010 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 1 kHz of, 522 shear modulus vs. temperature of, 516 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 514 tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 516, 517 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 518 Young’s modulus vs. temperature of, 517 BASF Ultrason® E 2010 G4 charpy impact strength vs. temperature of, 519 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 513 BASF Ultrason® E 2010 G6 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 514 BASF Ultrason® E 3010 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 515 BASF Ultrason® S 2010 G4 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 538 BASF Ultrason® S 2010 PSU resins charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature of, 546 BASF Ultrason® S 2010 specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) of, 547 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 538 BASF Ultrason® S PSU resins shear modulus vs. temperature of, 540 tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 542 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 545 Young’s modulus vs. temperature of, 542 Bayblend® DP T50, 602, 724 Bayblend® DP T65 TX, 724 Bayblend® DP T90, 602, 724 Bayblend® DP W65, 602 Bayblend® DPT65 TX, 602 Bayblend® FR 2000 BBS052, 724 Bayblend® FR 2000, 724 Bayblend® FR 2010, 724 Bayblend® FR 3000, 724 Bayblend® FR 3005, 724 Bayblend® FR 3030, 724 Bayblend® KU 1-1446, 724 Bayblend® KU 2-1514 BBS073, 724 Bayblend® KU 2-1514, 724 Bayblend® KU 2-1522, 724 Bayblend® KU 2-3020, 724 Bayblend® KU1-1446, 602 Bayblend® KU2-1514 BBS073, 603 Bayblend® KU2-1514, 602 Bayblend® KU2-1522, 603 Bayblend® KU2-3020, 603 Bayblend® R-R 610, 603, 724 Bayblend® T45 PG, 603, 724 Bayblend® T45, 603, 724 Bayblend® T65, 603, 724 Bayblend® T85, 603, 725

Mckeen_Index.indd 782

Index

Bayblend® T88-2N, 603, 725 Bayblend® T88-4N, 603, 725 Bayblend®R 2000, 603 Bayblend®R 2000BBS052, 603 Bayblend®R 2010, 603 Bayblend®R 3000, 603 Bayblend®R 3005, 603 Bayblend®R 3030, 603 Bayer Cadon® SMA resins notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 81 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 80 Bayer Desmopan® 453 stress vs. strain at various high temperatures for, 423, 424 Bayer MaterialScience Apec® 1600 stress vs. strain at, 152 Bayer MaterialScience Apec® 1700 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 153 Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® ABS/PC resins shear modulus vs. temperature for several, 90 Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T85 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 85 Bayer MaterialScience Bayblend® T88-2N PVT for, 94 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 86 Bayer MaterialScience Makrolon® 2205 pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 158 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 155 Bayer Texin® 285 stress vs. strain at various low temperatures for, 426 Bayer Texin® 390 stress vs. strain at various low temperatures for, 427 Bayer TPU resins tensile set vs. temperature for, 431 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 430 Biphenol diamine PMDA polyetherimide (Aurum®) chemical structure of, 214 Blends, polymer, 4–5 immiscible blends, 4 multiphase polymer blends, 4 Blends, styrenic, 43 Block copolymerization, 2, 30 BPADA monomer chemical structure of, 215 BPADA-based Pis blends of, 216 BPADA-DDS polyetherimide sulfone (Ultem® XH6050) chemical structure of, 214 BPADA-MPD polyetherimide (Ultem® 1000 series) chemical structure of, 214 BPADA-PMDA-MPD copolyetherimide (Ultem® 6000 series) chemical structure of, 215 BPADA-PPD polyetherimide chemical structure of, 214 Branched polymers, 2–3

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

INDEX

Calibre 1080 DVD, 581, 707 Calibre 200 10MFR, 581, 707 Calibre 200 15MFR, 581, 707 Calibre 200 22MFR, 581, 707 Calibre 200 4 MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 200 6 MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 201 10MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 201 15MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 201 22MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 201 4 MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 201 6 MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 202 10MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 202 15MFR, 581, 708 Calibre 202 22MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 202 4 MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 202 6 MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 203 10MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 203 15MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 203 22MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 203 4 MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 203 6 MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 2060 10MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 2060 15MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 2061 10MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 2061 15MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 2071 15MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 300 10MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 300 15MFR, 582, 708 Calibre 300V 10MFR, 583, 708 Calibre 300V 15MFR, 583, 708 Calibre 300V 6MFR, 583, 708 Calibre 301 10MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301 15MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301 6 MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301EP 22MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301EP 31MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301V 10MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301V 15MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 301V 6MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302 10MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302 15MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302 6 MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302EP 22MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302EP 31MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302V 10MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302V 15MFR, 583, 709 Calibre 302V 6MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303 10MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303 15MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303 6 MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303 8 MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303EP 22MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303EP 31MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303V 10MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303V 15MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303V 4MFR, 584, 709

Mckeen_Index.indd 783

783

Calibre 303V 6MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 303V 8MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 3041 35MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 3043 35MFR, 584, 709 Calibre 5101 15MFR, 585, 709 Calibre 5210 15MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 5210 8MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 600 2 MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 600 3 MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 603 3 MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 701 10MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 701 15MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 7101 15MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 7101 8MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 7211 5MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 891 10MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 891 19MFR, 585, 710 Calibre 893 19MFR, 585, 710 Calibre IM 401 11, 585, 710 Calibre IM 401 18, 585, 710 Calibre MegaRad2080 10 MFR, 585, 710 Calibre MegaRad2080 15 MFR, 585, 710 Calibre MegaRad2081 10 MFR, 585, 710 Caprolactam, 244 Capron® AG40C (dry), 639 Capron® AG50G6 HSBK0100 (dry), 640 Catalysts, 5 Celanese method, 97 Celanex 1300A, 588, 713 Celanex 1400A, 588, 713 Celanex 1462Z, 588, 713 Celanex 1600A, 588, 713 Celanex 1602Z, 589, 713 Celanex 1612Z, 589, 713 Celanex 1632Z, 589, 713 Celanex 1662Z, 589, 713 Celanex 1700A, 589, 713 Celanex 2000, 589, 713 Celanex 2000-2, 589, 713 Celanex 2000-K, 589, 713 Celanex 2001 HP, 589, 713 Celanex 2001, 589, 713 Celanex 2002, 589, 713 Celanex 2002-2, 589, 713 Celanex 2002AP, 589, 713 Celanex 2002UV, 589, 713 Celanex 2003, 589, 713 Celanex 2003-2, 589, 713 Celanex 2003HR, 589, 714 Celanex 2004, 589, 714 Celanex 2004-2, 589, 714 Celanex 2008, 589, 714 Celanex 2012, 589, 714 Celanex 2014, 589, 714 Celanex 2016, 589, 714 Celanex 2025, 589, 714

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

784

Celanex 2300GV1/10, 589, 714 Celanex 2300GV1/20, 589, 714 Celanex 2300GV1/30, 589, 714 Celanex 2300GV1/50, 590, 714 Celanex 2300GV3/20, 590, 714 Celanex 2300GV3/30, 590, 714 Celanex 2302GV1/15, 590, 714 Celanex 2302GV1/20, 590, 714 Celanex 2302GV1/30, 590, 714 Celanex 2360 FL, 590, 714 Celanex 2360GV1/10 FL, 590, 714 Celanex 2360GV1/20 FL, 590, 714 Celanex 2360GV1/30 FL, 590, 714 Celanex 2401 MT, 590, 714 Celanex 2402 MT, 590, 714 Celanex 2403 MT, 590, 714 Celanex 2404 MT, 590, 714 Celanex 2500, 590, 714 Celanex 3100, 590, 714 Celanex 3109HR, 591, 715 Celanex 3114, 591, 715 Celanex 3116, 591, 715 Celanex 3200, 591, 715 Celanex 3200-2, 591, 715 Celanex 3200HR, 591, 715 Celanex 3201, 591, 715 Celanex 3210-2, 591, 715 Celanex 3214, 591, 715 Celanex 3216, 591, 715 Celanex 3226, 591, 715 Celanex 3300, 591, 715 Celanex 3300-2, 591, 715 Celanex 3300D, 591, 715 Celanex 3300HR, 591, 715 Celanex 3300LM, 591, 715 Celanex 3309HR, 591, 715 Celanex 3309HRT, 591, 715 Celanex 3310, 591, 715 Celanex 3314, 591, 715 Celanex 3316, 591, 715 Celanex 3325HRT, 591, 715 Celanex 3400, 591, 715 Celanex 3409HR, 591, 715 Celanex 4016, 591, 715 Celanex 4202, 591, 715 Celanex 4300, 591, 716 Celanex 4300LM, 591, 716 Celanex 4302, 591, 716 Celanex 4302HS, 591, 716 Celanex 4302LM, 592, 716 Celanex 4305, 592, 716 Celanex 4306, 592, 716 Celanex 5200, 592, 716 Celanex 5200-2, 592, 716 Celanex 5201, 592, 716 Celanex 5202, 592, 716

Mckeen_Index.indd 784

Index

Celanex 5203, 592, 716 Celanex 5300, 592, 716 Celanex 5300-2, 592, 716 Celanex 602AC, 592, 716 Celanex 6400-2, 592, 716 Celanex 6406, 592, 716 Celanex 6407, 592, 716 Celanex 6500, 592, 716 Celanex 6500LM, 592, 716 Celanex 7316, 592, 716 Celanex 7700, 592, 716 Celcon AM90S Plus, 569, 698 Celcon AM90S, 569, 698 Celcon AS270, 569, 698 Celcon C13031 XAS, 569, 698 Celcon C13031 XF, 570, 698 Celcon CF801, 570, 698 Celcon CF802, 570, 698 Celcon EC–90PLUS, 570, 698 Celcon EF10, 570, 698 Celcon GB10, 570, 698 Celcon GB25, 570, 698 Celcon GC10, 570, 698 Celcon GC15, 570, 698 Celcon GC20, 570, 698 Celcon GC25A, 570, 698 Celcon GC25T, 570, 698 Celcon GC25TF, 570, 698 Celcon GC90UV, 570, 698 Celcon LM25, 570, 699 Celcon LM90, 570, 699 Celcon LM90Z, 570, 699 Celcon LU02, 570, 699 Celcon LW25-S2, 570, 699 Celcon LW90, 570, 699 Celcon LW90-F1, 570, 699 Celcon LW90-F2, 570, 699 Celcon LW90-F4, 570, 699 Celcon LW90-F5, 571, 699 Celcon LW90GPK, 571, 699 Celcon LW90-S2, 571, 699 Celcon LWGC-F4, 571, 699 Celcon LWGC-S2, 571, 699 Celcon M140, 571, 699 Celcon M140-L1, 571, 699 Celcon M15HP, 571, 699 Celcon M25, 571, 699 Celcon M25UV, 571, 699 Celcon M270™, 571, 699 Celcon M270UV, 571, 699 Celcon M30AE, 571, 699 Celcon M450, 571, 699 Celcon M50, 571, 699 Celcon M90-34, 571, 699 Celcon M90AW, 571, 699 Celcon M90SW, 571, 699

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

INDEX

Celcon M90™, 571, 699 Celcon M90UV, 571, 699 Celcon MC270, 571, 700 Celcon MC270-HM, 571, 700 Celcon MC90, 571, 700 Celcon MC90-HM, 571, 700 Celcon MR15HPB, 571, 700 Celcon MR50B, 571, 700 Celcon MR90B, 571, 700 Celcon MT12R01, 571, 700 Celcon MT12U01, 572, 700 Celcon MT12U03, 572, 700 Celcon MT24F01, 572, 700 Celcon MT24U01, 572, 700 Celcon MT2U01, 572, 700 Celcon MT8F01, 572, 700 Celcon MT8F02, 572, 700 Celcon MT8R02, 572, 700 Celcon MT8U01, 572, 700 Celcon TX90, 572, 700 Celcon TX90PLUS, 572, 700 Celcon UV140LG, 572, 700 Celcon UV25Z, 572, 700 Celcon UV270Z, 572, 700 Celcon UV90Z Metallics, 701 Celcon UV90Z, 700 Celcon WR25Z, 572, 701 Celcon WR9OZ, 572, 701 Celstran PBT-GF40-08, 716 Celstran PEHDGF40-01, 658 Celstran PEHDGF60-01-US, 658 Celstran PP-GF30-02, 661, 753 Celstran PP-GF30-03, 661 Celstran PP-GF30-04, 661, 753 Celstran PP-GF30-05, 661, 753 Celstran PP-GF30-10, 661, 753 Celstran PP-GF40-02, 661, 753 Celstran PP-GF40-03, 661 Celstran PP-GF40-04, 662, 753 Celstran PP-GF40-0414P10/10, 662, 753 Celstran PP-GF40-05, 662 Celstran PP-GF40-10, 662 Celstran PP-GF50-02, 662 Celstran PP-GF50-03, 662 Celstran PP-GF50-04, 662, 753 Celstran PP-GF50-0403P10/10, 662, 753 Celstran PP-GF50-0405P10/10, 662 Celstran PP-GF50-0453P10/10, 662, 753 Celstran PP-GF50-0455P10/10, 662 Celstran PP-GF50-10, 662 Charpy impact strength testing, 14–15, 32 sample configurations, 15 Chevron Phillips Chemical Marlex® PP flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 390 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® BR111 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 523

Mckeen_Index.indd 785

785

Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® BR42B stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 523 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® PPS resins flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 527 flexural strength vs. temperature of, 528 shear strength vs. temperature of, 529 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 530 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-4 dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of, 534 Izod impact strength vs. high temperature of, 533 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® R-7 dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of, 534 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-10-110BL Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 526 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-4-200BL stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 524 Chevron Phillips Chemical Ryton® Ryton® R-7-120BL Stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 525 Chisso America Olehard® resin flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 390 tensile strength at break vs. temperature of, 392 Coefficient of thermal expansion, 25 ASTM D696-03 standard test method, 25 ASTM E228-06 standard test method, 25 ASTM E831-06 standard test method, 25 ISO 11359-2:1999 plastics, 25 Combustion modifiers, 5 Compressive properties, plastics, 12 Condensation polymerization, 1 Copolymers classification, 2 alternating copolymer, 2 block copolymer, 2 graft copolymer, 2 random copolymer, 2 Coupling agents, 7 Crastin® 6129 NC010, 719 Crastin® 6129CNC010, 596 Crastin® 6129NC010, 596 Crastin® 6130 NC010, 719 Crastin® 6130CNC010, 596 Crastin® 6130NC010, 596 Crastin® 6131 NC010, 719 Crastin® 6131CNC010, 596 Crastin® 6131NC010, 596 Crastin® 6134 NC010, 719 Crastin® 6134CNC010, 596 Crastin® 6134NC010, 596 Crastin® BM6450XD BK560, 719 Crastin® CE2055BKB580, 597 Crastin® CE2548GY740, 597 Crastin® HR5315HF NC010, 719 Crastin® HR5330HF NC010, 719 Crastin® HTI668FR NC010, 597, 719

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

786

Crastin® LW9020 NC010, 727 Crastin® LW9020FR NC010, 727 Crastin® LW9020NC010, 607 Crastin® LW9030 NC010, 727 Crastin® LW9030FR NC010, 727 Crastin® LW9030NC010, 607 Crastin® LW9320NC010, 607, 727 Crastin® LW9330 NC010, 607, 727 Crastin® S600F10 NC010, 719 Crastin® S600F20 NC010, 719 Crastin® S600F40 NC010, 719 Crastin® S600LF NC010, 719 Crastin® S620F20 NC010, 719 Crastin® S660FR NC010, 719 Crastin® SK601 NC010, 719 Crastin® SK602 NC010, 719 Crastin® SK603 NC010, 719 Crastin® SK605 NC010, 719 Crastin® SK608 BK509, 719 Crastin® SK609 NC010, 720 Crastin® SK662FR NC010, 720 Crastin® SK665FR BK507, 720 Crastin® SO653 NC010, 720 Crastin® ST820 NC010, 720 Crastin® ST830FR NC010, 720 Crastin® ST830FRUV NC010, 720 Crastin® T803 NC010, 720 Crastin® T805 NC010, 720 Crastin® T835FRUV NC010, 720 Crastin® T841FR NC010, 720 Crastin®BM6450XD BK560, 596 Crastin®HR5315HF BK503, 597 Crastin®HR5315HF NC010, 597 Crastin®HR5330HF BK503, 597 Crastin®HR5330HF NC010, 597 Crastin®LW9020FR NC010, 607 Crastin®LW9030FR NC010, 607 Cross-linked polymers, 2–3 Crystalline vs. amorphous thermoplastics, 3–4 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC), 382 D3763-06 standard test method, 16 D5420-04 standard test method, 15 D5628-06 standard test method, 15 Degussa Trogamid® amorphous nylon linear expansion vs. moisture content for, 340 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 341 moisture content vs. relative humidity for, 341 storage modulus vs. temperature for, 338 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 339 Degussa Trogamid® T5000 charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature for, 339 dielectric constant vs. frequency and water content for, 342 dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 342

Mckeen_Index.indd 786

Index

dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 343 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 343 pressure-specifi c volume-temperature (PVT) for, 340 stress vs. strain for, 336, 337 Degussa Vestamid® L1723 sw pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 268 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 265, 266 thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 269 DeIrin® 100AL NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 100 change in length vs. temperature and humidity for, 106 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 104 Delrin® 100 and 500 NC010 dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 108 Delrin® 100 NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 100, 500, 900 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 102 Delrin® 100, 500T, 100ST Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 102 Delrin® 100KM NC000, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 100P NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 100P, 500P, and 900P change in length vs. temperature and humidity for, 106 Delrin® 100ST NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 100T NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 107 NC010 specific volume as a function of PVT, 105 Delrin® 107 NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 111P NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 1260 NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 127UV NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 150 NC010, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 300AS BK000, 567, 568, 697 Delrin® 311 DP NC010, 567, 569, 697 Delrin® 460 NC010, 567, 569 Delrin® 460 NC010, 568, 697 Delrin® 460E NC010, 569, 697 Delrin® 500, see also individual entries change in length vs. temperature and humidity for, 106 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 109 notched Izod impact strength vs. humidity for, 104 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 104, 105 Delrin® 500 NC010 dielectric constant vs. moisture content at 23°C for, 107 dielectric strength vs. thickness at 23°C for, 108 dissipation factor vs. moisture content at 23°C for, 109 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 110 Delrin® 500AF, 568, 569, 697 Delrin® 500AL NC010, 568, 569, 697 Delrin® 500CL NC010, 568, 569, 697 Delrin® 500MP NC010, 568, 569, 697 Delrin® 500P dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 107 Delrin® 500P NC010, 568, 569, 697

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

INDEX

Delrin® 500T NC010, 568, 569 Delrin® 500T NC010, 697 Delrin® 500TL NC010, 568, 569, 697 Delrin® 510GR NC000, 569, 697 Delrin® 511P NC010, 569, 697 Delrin® 520MP NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 525GR NC000 polymers stress vs. strain for, 100 Delrin® 525GR NC000, 569, 698 Delrin® 527UV NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 542CM NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 560 NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 560HD OR729, 569, 698 Delrin® 570 NC000, 569, 698 Delrin® 570 polymers stress vs. strain for, 100 Delrin® 900P NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 911 P NC010, 569 Delrin® 911AL NC010, 569, 698 Delrin® 911P NC010, 698 Delrin® acetal resin flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 101 stress vs. strain in, 101 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 103 tensile yield strength vs. temperature for, 103 Designing, plastics, 25–35 experience, 25 impact strength, assessment, 30–33 knowledge requirement, 25 maximum service temperature assessment, 26–29 requirements, 25 rigidity of plastics materials, 26 selection guides, 33–35, see also Selection guides thermal stability assessment, 27–29 time dependent behavior, 33 toughness, 29–35 training, 25 Dianimo diphenyl sulfone (DDS), 215 Dielectric constant, 22 Dow Chemical Dylark® SMA resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 79 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 81 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 80 Dow Chemical Magnum ABS resins dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 77 Dow Chemical Magnum™ 1040 tensile stress vs. strain for, 63 Dow Chemical Magnum™ 2620 tensile stress vs. strain for, 64 Dow Chemical Magnum™ ABS resins dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 77 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 71 Dow Chemical Tyril™ 790 tensile stress vs. strain for, 57 Dow Chemical Tyril™ 905 tensile stress vs. strain for, 58

Mckeen_Index.indd 787

787

Dow Chemical Tyril™ SAN resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 59 Dow Styron™ 457 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 45 Dow Styron™ 6075 notched Izod impact vs. temperature for, 48 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 46 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 47 Dow Styron™ 648 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 45 Dow Styron™ polystyrene resins dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 49 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 50 enthalpy vs. temperature for, 50 DuPont Co dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 454 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 455 hardness vs. temperature for, 453 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 454 stress vs. strain at high strain rate for, 451 stress vs. strain at low strain rate for, 452 stress vs. strain in tension and compression for, 451 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 453 DuPont Crastin® elongation at break vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for, 179 flexural strength vs. glass fiber content for, 171 impact strength vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for, 177 specific density vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for, 180 tensile modulus vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for, 169 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 170, 171 tensile strength vs. fiber glass reinforcement content for, 174 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 174, 175 DuPont Crastin® PBT tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 210 DuPont Crastin® PBT/ASA polyester alloy/blend resins tensile strength vs. temperature for, 210 DuPont Crastin® S600F10 NC010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 161 DuPont Crastin® S600LF NC010 pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 179 DuPont Crastin® SO653 NC010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 161 DuPont Crastin® ST820 NC010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 162 Dupont Crastin® tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 170 DuPont Engineering Plastics Zytel® HTN51G35HSL Pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 361 DuPont Engineering Polymers Delrin® 100P NC010 stress vs. strain for, 99

12/11/2007 6:27:20 PM

788

DuPont Hytrel® 4056 stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for, 439 high strain, 437 low strain, 436 DuPont Hytrel® 5556 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures high strain, 436 low strain, 435 DuPont Hytrel® 6356 stress vs. strain at various temperatures high strain, 435 in compression, 438 low strain, 434 DuPont Hytrel® 7246 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for high strain, 434 in compression, 438 low strain, 433 DuPont Hytrel® G4075 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for high strain, 433 in compression, 437 low strain, 432 DuPont Hytrel® TPE-E resins dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 443 dropped weight impact failure energy vs. temperature for, 441, 442 dropped weight impact failure load vs. temperature for, 442 elastic modulus in compression vs. temperature for, 440 elastic modulus vs. temperature for, 440 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 441 DuPont Hytrelv 5556 stress vs. strain at various temperatures in compression for, 439 DuPont Minlon® 10B40 NC010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 271, 272 tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for, 295 DuPont Minlon® 11C40 NC010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 272, 273 tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for, 296 DuPont Minlon® 12T stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 273, 274 tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for, 296 DuPont Minlon® 20B stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 274, 275 tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for, 297

Mckeen_Index.indd 788

Index

DuPont Minlon® 22C tensile strength vs. humidity at various temperatures for, 297 DuPont Minlon® mineral filled PA66 resins flexural modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for several, 286 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 287 DuPont Minlon® mineral reinforced PA66 resins Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for several, 269 DuPont Minlon® PA66 resins Izod impact strength vs. humidity at 23°C, 303 at 40°C for, 302 tensile strength vs. humidity at 149°C for, 294 at 23°C for, 293 at 40°C for several, 293 at 93°C for, 294 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 295 DuPont Rynite® 500 series of toughened, reinforced PET resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 191 DuPont Rynite® 545 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 188 DuPont Rynite® 555 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 188 DuPont Rynite® 900 series flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 192 DuPont Rynite® 935 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 189 DuPont Rynite® FR500 series of flame retardant PET resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 192 DuPont Rynite® FR530L stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 189 DuPont Rynite® FR900 series flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 193 DuPont Rynite® SST35 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 190 DuPont Rynite® toughened, reinforced PET resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 191 DuPont Teflon® PFA 340 and 350 grade resins dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 479 dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for, 480 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 475 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 476 DuPont Teflon® PFA HP plus resins dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 479 dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for, 480 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 475 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 477 ultimate elongation vs. temperature for, 478

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

INDEX

DuPont Tefzel® ETFE resins dielectric constant vs. frequency, 466 dissipation factor vs. frequency, 466 elongation at break vs. temperature, 465 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 463 shear strength vs. temperature for, 464 stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for, 461 stress vs. strain in flexure at 23°C for, 461 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 463 tensile stress vs. strain at 23°C for, 462 DuPont Thermx® CG033 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 203 DuPont Thermx® CG923 pressure–specific volume–temperature for, 204 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 203 DuPont Thermx® glass tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 204 DuPont Vespel® direct-formed PI dimension change vs. relative humidity at 23°C for, 237 dimension change vs. temperature perpendicular to forming for, 238 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 233 stress vs. strain at 23°C in compression parallel to forming for, 230 stress vs. strain at 23°C, 231 stress vs. strain at 260°C in tension parallel to forming for, 231 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 235 DuPont Vespel® machined PI dimension change vs. relative humidity at 23°C for, 237 dimension change vs. temperature for, 238 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 234 stress vs. strain at 23°C in compression for, 229 stress vs. strain at 23°C in tension perpendicular to forming for, 232 stress vs. strain at 260°C in tension for, 232 stress vs. strain at 300°C in compression for, 230 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 236 DuPont Vespel® SP1 PI dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 239 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 240 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for, 240 surface resistivity vs. temperature for, 241 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 241 DuPont Zenite® 6130L BK010 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 198 DuPont Zytel® 101 dielectric constant vs. temperature at 100 Hz for, 307 dielectric strength vs. temperature for, 309 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 310 dissipation factor vs. moisture content for, 308 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 308

Mckeen_Index.indd 789

789

flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for, 288 general purpose PA66 resin dimensional change vs. humidity for, 305 dimensional change vs. moisture content for, 306 stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for, 270 tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for, 300 volume resistivity vs. moisture content for, 310 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 312 yield point vs. temperature and moisture content for, 285 DuPont Zytel® 101L NC010 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 283, 284 DuPont Zytel® 109L stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 331 DuPont Zytel® 151L dielectric constant vs. moisture content for, 324 dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 325 dissipation factor vs. moisture content at 100 Hz for, 326 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 100 Hz for, 326 volume resistivity vs. moisture content for, 327 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 327 DuPont Zytel® 158 NC010 pressure-specific volume-temperature of, 323 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 317 tensile yield strength vs. temperature of, 322 DuPont Zytel® 158L flexural modulus vs. temperature and moisture content, 318 DuPont Zytel® 408 flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for, 288 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 284, 285 DuPont Zytel® 70G series PA66 resins flexural modulus vs. fiber glass content at 23°C for, 290 DuPont Zytel® 70G-13 Stress vs. zstrain at various temperatures for, 281 DuPont Zytel® 70G-33 dimensional change vs. humidity for, 304 DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L NC010 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 281 DuPont Zytel® 70G-33L Stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for, 270 tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for, 299 DuPont Zytel® 70G-43LNC010 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 282 DuPont Zytel® 71G flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for, 287

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

790

DuPont Zytel® 71G-33L dimensional change vs. humidity for, 305 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 283 tensile strength vs. temperature and moisture content for, 300 DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010 flexural modulus vs. humidity, 318 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 319 Shear strength vs. relative humidity of, 320 shear strength vs. temperature of, 320 tensile strength vs. relative humidity of, 321 DuPont Zytel® 77G33L NC010 stress vs. strain for, 316 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 322 DuPont Zytel® 77G43L stress vs. strain for, 317 DuPont Zytel® glass fiber filled PA66 resins flexural modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for several, 286 Izod impact strength vs. humidity for, 303 Tensile strength vs. humidity at two temperatures for two, 298 DuPont Zytel® PA612 resins equilibrium moisture content vs. relative humidity, 324 Izod notched impact strength vs. relative humidity at 23°C of two, 323 DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins (DAM) shear strength vs. humidity for, 301 shear strength vs. temperature for, 302 DuPont Zytel® PA66 resins flexural modulus vs. temperature and relative humidity for, 289 moisture content vs. relative humidity for, 307 DuPont Zytel® ST-801 flexural modulus vs. temperature at different humidity levels for, 289 Stress vs. strain in compression at 23°C for, 271 DuPont Zytel® ST811 HS NC010 Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 280 DuPont’s Fusabond®N MN-493D, 6 Dyes, 7 Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), 19 Dyneon™ CC085, 675 Dyneon™ CC174/N, 675 Dyneon™ CC191-HE, 675 Dyneon™ CC503, 674 Dyneon™ CC603, 674 Dyneon™ CC605, 674 Dyneon™ CC622, 674 Dyneon™ CC6467/S, 674 Dyneon™ CC655, 675 Dyneon™ CCM605, 674 Dyneon™ CCX1029, 674 Dyneon™ CCX6380, 675 Dyneon™ ETFE ET5236, 677 Dyneon™ ETFE ET6235, 677

Mckeen_Index.indd 790

Index

Dyneon™ FEP 6301, 677 Dyneon™ FEP 6303, 677 Dyneon™ FEP 6307, 677 Dyneon™ FEP 6322, 677 Dyneon™ HTE 1510, 679 Dyneon™ HTE 1705, 679 Dyneon™ PFA 6502N, 676 Dyneon™ PFA 6505N, 676 Dyneon™ PFA 6515N, 676 Dyneon™ PFA 6525N, 676 Dyneon™ PFA-Flex8502 UHP, 676 Dyneon™ PFA-Flex8515 UHP, 676 Dyneon™ PVDF 11008, 672 Dyneon™ PVDF 21508, 672 Dyneon™ PVDF 6010, 672 Dyneon™ PVDF 60512, 672 Dyneon™ TF 1105, 674 Dyneon™ TF 1620, 674 Dyneon™ TF 1641, 674 Dyneon™ TF 1645, 674 Dyneon™ TF 1750, 674 Dyneon™ TF 4103, 674 Dyneon™ TFM 1600, 674 Dyneon™ TFM 1700, 674 Dyneon™ TFM 1705, 674 Dyneon™ THV™ 220FP, 679 Dyneon™ THV™ 500FP, 679 Dyneon™ THV™ 610FP, 679 Dyneon™ THV™ 815FP, 679 ECTFE/Solvay Solexis, 678–679 Edgetek sPS® QT-10GB-10MN/000, 556, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000 FR, 556, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF/000, 556, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-10GF-10MN/000, 556, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-15GF-15GB/000, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-20GB/000, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-20GF/000, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-22GF/000 FR, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-22MN/000 HI, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-25GF/000 FR, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-30GB/000, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR HC, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000 FR, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-30GF/000, 557, 689 Edgetek sPS® QT-40GF/000, 557, 689 Edistir N 1782, 555, 688 Edistir N 1840, 555, 688 Edistir N 1910, 555, 688 Edistir N 2380, 555, 688 Edistir N 2560, 555, 688 Edistir N 2982, 555, 688 Edistir R 321P, 555, 688 Edistir R 540E, 555, 688 Edistir R 850E, 555, 688 Edistir RC 3, 555, 688

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

INDEX

Edistir RC 600, 555, 688 Edistir RCL 600, 555, 688 Edistir RK 451G, 555, 688 Edistir RK 5512G, 555, 688 Edistir RK, 555, 688 Edistir RKL, 555, 688 Edistir RT 441M, 555, 688 Edistir RT 461F, 555, 688 Edistir SR 550, 5550, 688 Elastomers, 5 Electrical tests, 9 EMS-Grivory Grilamid® amorphous nylons shear modulus vs. temperature for, 337 tensile modulus vs. temperature for two, 338 EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® L 20 G stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 264 EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® LV PA12 resins Shear modulus vs. temperature for, 267 EMS-GRIVORY Grilamid® LV-3H stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 265 EMS-Grivory Grilamid® TR55 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 335 EMS-Grivory Grilamid® TR90 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 336 EMS-Grivory Grilon® TS V0 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 329 EMS-Grivory Grivory GC-4H stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 372, 373 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 376 EMS-Grivory Grivory GM-4H tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 376 EMS-Grivory Grivory GV-5H Stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 374 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 377 EMS-Grivory Grivory® HT2V-5H stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 328 Enduran® PBT/PET flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 207 Eoblend P 475E, 555 ETFE/Diakin, 677 ETFE/DuPont, 677–678 ETFE/Dyneon 3M, 677 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), 455–460 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 461–466 Ethylene, 379 Ethylene-methacrylic-acid (EMAA), 383 Extenders, 7 Falling dart impact strength testing, 15–16 FEP/Diakin, 677 FEP/DuPont, 676–677 Filler abbreviations, 554 Fillers, 5 Fire retardants, 5 Flame retardants, 5, 420

Mckeen_Index.indd 791

791

Flexural properties, plastics, 13–14 principle used, 13 Fluorinated-ethylene-propylene (FEP), 448–449, 467 chemical structure, 449 dieletric constant vs. frequency for, 472 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 473 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 473 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 472 tensile strength vs. temperature and various strain levels for, 470 tensile stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 467 at 100°C for, 469 at 200°C for, 469 at 23°C for, 468 at –52°C for, 468 tensile stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for, 467 ultimate elongation vs. temperature for, 471 ultimate tensile strength vs. temperature for, 471 Fluoroplastic melting points, 450–451 Fluoropolymers, 447–502 Fluoropolymers, 671–679 Fortron 0203, 683, 762 Fortron 0203HS, 762, 683 Fortron 0205, 762, 683 Fortron 0214, 762, 683 Fortron 0320, 762, 683 Fortron 1115L0, 762, 683 Fortron 1130L4, 762, 683 Fortron 1131L4 ITT, 762, 683 Fortron 1140E7, 762, 683 Fortron 1140EC, 762, 683 Fortron 1140L0, 762, 683 Fortron 1140L4, 762, 683 Fortron 1140L6, 762, 683 Fortron 1140L7, 762, 683 Fortron 1141L4, 762, 683 Fortron 1342L4, 763, 683 Fortron 4184L4, 763, 683 Fortron 4184L6, 763, 683 Fortron 4332D4, 763, 683 Fortron 4665B6, 763, 683 Fortron 6160B4, 763, 683 Fortron 6165A4, 763, 683 Fortron 6165A6, 763, 683 Fortron 6165D8, 763, 683 Fortron 6345L4, 763, 683 Fortron 6450A6, 763, 684 Fortron 6850L6, 763, 684 Fortron MT 9120L4, 763, 684 Fortron MT 9140L4, 763, 684 Fortron MT 9140L6, 763, 684 Fortron MT 9203HS, 763, 684 Fortron MT 9205C4, 763, 684

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

792

Gardner impact strength testing, 15–16 Glass transition temperature (Tg)/Tg estimation, 19–22 commercial polyethersulfone, 23 commercial polysulfone, 23 electrical methods of determining, 22 mechanical methods of estimating, 19–21 thermal methods of estimating, 21–22 volume methods of determining, 22 Graft copolymer, 2 Greene, Tweed Arlon® 1000 shear strength vs. temperature of, 509 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 510 Greene, Tweed Arlon® PEEK resins flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 506 Grilamid L 16 LM, 736, 626 Grilamid L 20 EC, 736, 626 Grilamid L 20 G, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 H FR, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 HL black 9563, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 L, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 LF grey, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 LM, 736, 627 Grilamid L 20 W 20, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 NZ ESD, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 W 20 X, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 W 20 Y, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 W 40 ESD, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 W 40 X, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 W 40, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25 Z, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25A H, 736, 627 Grilamid L 25A NZ, 736, 627 Grilamid LC-3H, 736, 627 Grilamid LKN-3H, 736, 627 Grilamid LKN-5H, 736, 627 Grilamid LV-23 ESD, 736, 627 Grilamid LV-23H, 736, 627 Grilamid LV-25 HM, 736, 627 Grilamid LV-2A NZ, 737, 627 Grilamid LV-2H, 737, 627 Grilamid LV-3A H, 737, 627 Grilamid LV-3H, 737, 627 Grilon TS FR (cond.), 655 Grilon TS FR (dry), 655 Grilon TS FR, 747 Grilon TS V0 (cond.), 655 Grilon TS V0 (dry), 655 Grilon TS V0, 747 Grilon TSC-10/4 EC (cond.), 655 Grilon TSC-10/4 EC (dry), 655 Grilon TSC-10/4 EC, 747 Grilon TSC-20/4 EC (cond.), 655 Grilon TSC-20/4 EC (dry), 655 Grilon TSC-20/4 EC, 747 Grilon TSC-30/4 EC (cond.), 656

Mckeen_Index.indd 792

Index

Grilon TSC-30/4 EC (dry), 656 Grilon TSC-30/4 EC, 747 Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15 (cond.), 656 Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15 (dry), 656 Grilon TSC-30/4 LF 15, 747 Grilon TSC-40/4 EC (cond.), 656 Grilon TSC-40/4 EC (dry), 656 Grilon TSC-40/4 EC, 747 Grilon TSG-30 (cond.), 656 Grilon TSG-30 (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-30 FR (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-30 FR (cond.), 656 Grilon TSG-30 FR, 747 Grilon TSG-30, 747 Grilon TSG-30/4 (cond.), 656 Grilon TSG-30/4 (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-30/4, 747 Grilon TSG-35/4 (cond.), 656 Grilon TSG-35/4 (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-35/4, 747 Grilon TSG-50 (cond.), 656 Grilon TSG-50 (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-50, 747 Grilon TSG-50/4 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSG-50/4 (dry), 656 Grilon TSG-50/4, 747 Grilon TSGK-30 X (dry), 657 Grilon TSGK-30 X (cond.), 657 Grilon TSGK-30 X, 747 Grilon TSGZ-15 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSGZ-15 (dry), 657 Grilon TSGZ-15, 747 Grilon TSGZ-30 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSGZ-30 (dry), 657 Grilon TSGZ-30, 747 Grilon TSK-30/4 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSK-30/4 (dry), 657 Grilon TSK-30/4, 747 Grilon TSM-30 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSM-30 (dry), 657 Grilon TSM-30, 747 Grilon TSS (cond.), 657 Grilon TSS (dry), 657 Grilon TSS, 747 Grilon TSS/4 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSS/4 (dry), 657 Grilon TSS/4 LF 2 (dry), 657 Grilon TSS/4 LF 2 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSS/4 LF 2, 747 Grilon TSS/4 LF 20 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSS/4 LF 20 (dry), 657 Grilon TSS/4 LF 20, 747 Grilon TSS/4, 747 Grilon TSZ 1 (cond.), 657 Grilon TSZ 1 (dry), 657 Grilon TSZ 1, 747

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

INDEX

Grilon TSZ 3, 747 Grivory GC-4H, 747 Grivory GM-4H, 748 Grivory GV-2H, 748 Grivory GV-4H, 748 Grivory GV-5H, 748 Grivory GV-6H, 748 GUR 2122, 749, 659 GUR 4113, 749, 659 GUR 4120, 749, 659 GUR 413, 749 GUR 4130, 659 GUR 415, 749 GUR 4150, 659 GUR 4152, 659 GUR 4170, 659 GUR 5113, 659 GUR GHR 8020, 749, 659 GUR GHR 8110, 749, 659 GUR HOSTALLOY 731, 749 GV1/30GV1/20, 573 Halar 300, 678 Halar 500, 678 Halar 520, 678 Halar 558, 678 Halar 600, 678 Halar 6014, 678 Halar 700, 679 Halar 801, 679 Halar 812, 679 Halar 901, 679 Halar 930 LC, 679 Hardness tests, 9 Heat deflection data, 37 Heat deflection temperature (HDT), 17 Hexafluoropropylene (HFP), 448 High modulus polyethylene (HMPE), 382 High performance polyethylene (HPPE), 382 High temperature polymers, 503–550 High-density polyethylene (HDPE), 380 High-impact polystyrene (HIPS), 2, 41 structure, 41 Homopolymers, 381 Hostaform C 13021 RM, 572, 701 Hostaform C 13021, 572, 701 Hostaform C 13031 K, 572, 701 Hostaform C 13031, 572, 701 Hostaform C 2521 G, 572, 701 Hostaform C 2521, 572, 701 Hostaform C 2552, 573, 701 Hostaform C 27021 AST, 573, 701 Hostaform C 27021, 573, 701 Hostaform C 27021GV3/30, 573 Hostaform C 52021, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021 AW, 573, 701

Mckeen_Index.indd 793

793

Hostaform C 9021 G, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021 K, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021 M, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021 SW, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021 TF, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021, 573, 701 Hostaform C 902110/1570, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021GV1/10, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021GV1/40, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021GV3/10, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021GV3/20, 573, 701 Hostaform C 9021GV3/30, 573, 701 Hostaform EC140XF, 702 Hostaform LM90, 702 Hostaform MR130ACS, 702 Hostaform MT12U01, 573, 702 Hostaform MT12U03, 573, 702 Hostaform MT24U01, 573, 702 Hostaform MT8U01, 573, 702 Hostaform S 27063, 574, 702 Hostaform S 27064, 574, 702 Hostaform S 27072, 702 Hostaform S 27072WS10/1570, 574 Hostaform S 27076, 574 Hostaform S 9063, 574, 702 Hostaform S 9064, 574, 702 Hostaform S 9243, 574, 702 Hostaform S 9244, 702 Hostaform® C 9021 change in length vs. water absorption for, 126 Hostalen GD9555 F, 658 Hostalen GD9555, 658 Hostalen GF9145 X, 658 Hostalen PP H2150, 662 Hostalen PP H2222 36, 662 Hostalen PP H2250 36, 662 Hostalen PP H2464, 662 Hostalen PP H5416, 663 Hostalen PP H5416E61349, 663 Hostalen PP H7050FLG51337, 663 Hostalen PP H7350FLS303064, 663 Hostalen PP W2080, 663 HTE/Dyneon 3M, 679 Hyflon® MFA 1041, 676 Hyflon® MFA 620, 676 Hyflon® MFA 640, 676 Hyflon® MFA 720, 676 Hytrel® 3078, 666 Hytrel® 4056, 666, 756 Hytrel® 4068, 666, 756 Hytrel® 4069, 666, 756 Hytrel® 40CB, 666, 756 Hytrel® 4556, 666, 756 Hytrel® 5526, 666, 756 Hytrel® 5555HS, 666, 756 Hytrel® 5556, 666, 756

12/11/2007 6:27:21 PM

794

Hytrel® 6356, 666, 756 Hytrel® 7246, 666, 756 Hytrel® 8238, 666, 756 Hytrel® DYM350BK, 666, 756 Hytrel® G3548L, 666, 756 Hytrel® G4074, 666, 756 Hytrel® G4774, 666, 756 Hytrel® G4778, 666, 756 Hytrel® G5544, 666, 756 Hytrel® HTR4275 BK316, 756 Imide polymer blends, 216–217 Immiscible blends, polymer, 4 Impact copolymers, 381 Impact modifiers, 5–6 general-purpose impact modification, 6 low temperature impact strength, 6 super tough impact strength, 6 Impact property testing of plastics, 14–16 charpy impact strength, 14–15 falling dart impact strength, 15–16 Gardner impact strength testing, 15–16 Izod impact strength, 14–15 pendulum type impact strength tester, 14 Impact strength assessment, 30–33 Impact tests, 9 Impet 2700 GV1/20, 597, 720 Impet 2700 GV1/30, 597, 720 Impet 2700 GV1/45, 597, 720 Impet 320R, 597, 720 Impet 330, 597, 720 Impet 330R, 597, 720 Impet 340R, 597, 720 Impet 610R, 597, 720 Impet 630R, 597, 720 Impet 740, 597, 720 Impet 830R, 597, 720 Impet 840R, 597, 720 Impet Hi430, 597 Instron universal materials testing machine, 7, 11, 13 ISO 10350 properties, 551–686 IEC 60250:1969, 551 ISO 10350-1:1998, 551 ISO 10724-1:1998, 551 ISO 10724-2:1998, 551 ISO 11359-2, 551 ISO 179-1, 551 ISO 179-2:1997, 551 ISO 2818:1994, 551 ISO 291:1997, 551 ISO 293:1986, 551 ISO 294-1:1996, 551 ISO 294-3:1996, 551 ISO 295:1991, 551 ISO 3167:1993, 551 ISO 527-1:1993, 551

Mckeen_Index.indd 794

Index

ISO 527-2:1993, 551 ISO 62, 551 ISO 1133:2005 Plastics, 17 ISO 11359-1, 16, 687 ISO 11359-2, 16, 25, 687 ISO 178:2001 plastics, 13 ISO 306:2004 Plastics, 16, 687 ISO 3146:2000 Plastics, 16, 687 ISO 6603-2, 16, 687 ISO 75-1, 16, 687 ISO 75-2, 16, 687 ISO 75-3, 16, 687 ISO 7765-2:1994 plastics, 16 ISO 812:2006 rubber, 16, 687 ISO 8302:1991 Thermal insulation, 16, 687 ISO 974:2000 Plastics, 16, 687 ISO and ATSM standards for common polymer families, 10 Isophthalic acid (IPA), 244, 248 Iupiace AH40, 575, 703 Iupiace AH50, 575, 703 Iupiace AH60, 575, 703 Iupiace AH70, 575, 703 Iupiace AH80, 575, 703 Iupiace AH8P, 575, 703 Iupiace AHF6005, 575, 703 Iupiace AHF6010, 575, 703 Iupiace AHF6015, 575, 703 Iupiace AN60, 575, 703 Iupiace AN70, 575, 703 Iupiace AN80, 575, 703 Iupiace AN90, 575 Iupiace AN91, 703 Iupiace AP4, 575, 703 Iupiace AP6GM2, 575, 703 Iupiace AP6GM4, 575, 703 Iupiace AP6GM6, 575 Iupiace AP6GM8, 575, 703 Iupiace AV60, 575, 703 Iupiace AV70, 575, 703 Iupiace AV90, 575, 703 Iupiace EHM1010A, 575, 703 Iupiace GAV2010, 576, 703 Iupiace GAV2515, 576, 703 Iupiace GH10, 576, 703 Iupiace GH20, 576, 703 Iupiace GH30, 576, 703 Iupiace GHF3005, 576, 703 Iupiace GHF3010, 576, 704 Iupiace GHF3015, 576, 704 Iupiace GN10, 576, 704 Iupiace GN15, 576, 704 Iupiace GN20, 576, 704 Iupiace GN30, 576, 704 Iupiace GV10, 576, 704 Iupiace GV15, 577, 704

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

INDEX

Iupiace GV20, 577, 704 Iupiace GV30, 577, 704 Iupiace GX1050, 577, 704 Iupiace GX1100, 577, 704 Iupiace NX7000, 577, 704 Iupiace NX7201, 577 Iupiace TGV2010, 577, 704 Iupiace TX403, 577, 704 Iupiace VSG635V, 577, 704 Iupiace® AV 40 dissipation factor vs. frequency and temperature for, 147 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 60 Hz for, 148 Iupiace® NX-9000 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 135 Iupiace® PPE dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 146 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 148 elongation vs. temperature for, 145 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 134 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 137, 138 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 142 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 139 Iupital F20-02 02 resin dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 128 stress vs. strain for, 112 water absorption vs. change of dimension for, 127 IXEF® 1002 (dry), 651 IXEF® 1002, 745 IXEF® 1022 (cond.), 651 IXEF® 1022 (dry), 651 IXEF® 1022, 745 IXEF® 1023 (dry), 651 IXEF® 1023, 745 IXEF® 1025 (dry), 651 IXEF® 1025, 745 IXEF® 1027 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1027, 745 IXEF® 1028 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1028, 745 IXEF® 1032 (cond.), 652 IXEF® 1032 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1032, 745 IXEF® 1313 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1313, 745 IXEF® 1501 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1501, 745 IXEF® 1521 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1521, 745 IXEF® 1622 (cond.), 652 IXEF® 1622 (dry), 652 IXEF® 1622, 746 IXEF® 2011 (dry), 652 IXEF® 2011, 746 IXEF® 2030 (dry), 652 IXEF® 2030, 746

Mckeen_Index.indd 795

795

IXEF® 2057 (dry), 652 IXEF® 2057, 746 IXEF® 2530 (dry), 652 IXEF® 2530, 746 IXEF® 3006 (dry), 652 IXEF® 3006, 746 Izod impact strength testing, 14–15 sample configurations, 15 Izod test, 31 Ketaspire™ KT-820 CF30, 760 Ketaspire™ KT-820 NT, 760 Ketaspire™ KT-820P, 760 Ketaspire™ KT-880 CF30, 760 Ketaspire™ KT-880 NT, 760 Ketaspire™ KT-880P, 760 Kostil B 265(0), 559, 691 Kostil B 266(1), 559, 691 Kostil B 361 R11, 559, 691 Kostil B 361 R42, 559, 691 Kostil B 365(0), 559, 691 Kostil B 366(1), 559, 691 Kostil C 266(1), 559, 691 Kostil PD C 166, 559 Kynar 1000 HD, 671, 759 Kynar 1000 HDC N 118, 671, 759 Kynar 6000 HD, 671, 759 Kynar 710, 671, 759 Kynar 720, 671, 759 Kynar 740, 671, 759 Kynar 9000 HD, 671, 759 Kynar 9000 HDC N 123, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2750, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2800, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2801, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2820, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2821, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2822, 671, 759 Kynar Flex 2850, 671, 759 Lanxess AG Novodur® ABS resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 71 Lanxess AG Novodur® P2H-AT tensile stress vs. strain for, 64 Lanxess AG Novodur® P3H-AT tensile stress vs. strain for, 65 Lanxess Pocan® B1505 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 162 Lanxess Pocan® B3225 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for, 181 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 163 Lanxess Pocan® reinforced PBT resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 169 Lanxess Triax® 1120 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 89

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

796

Lanxess Triax® ABS/PA resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 90 Lauramid A, 623, 734 Lauramid B, 623, 734 LCP/DuPont, 599–600, 722 LCP/Solvay, 602, 724 LCP/Ticona, 600–602, 722–724 Lexan® 101 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 154 Lexan® 3412R stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 155 Lexan® 500R stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 154 Lexan® PC resins, see also individual entries dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 158 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 159 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 159 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 156 LG-Dow Calibre™ 300-10 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 153 LG-Dow Polycarbonate Calibre™ 300 notched Izod impact strength vs. MFR and temperature form, 157 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature and MFR for, 157 LG-Dow Polycarbonate Calibre™ 300-10 instrumented dart impact vs. MFR for, 156 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 380 Linear polymers, 2–3 Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), 150, 194–202 LNP FEP resin tensile strength vs. temperature for, 470 LNP Thermocomp FP-EC tensile stress vs. strain and temperature for, 462 LNP Thermocomp FP-EC-1004 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 464, 465 LNP Thermocomp® stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 312 LNP Thermocomp® HF–1006 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 258 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 261 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 263 LNP Thermocomp® IF tensile modulus vs. temperature, 319 tensile strength vs. temperature, 321 LNP Thermocomp® IF-1006 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 316 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 252 LNP Thermocomp® PF-1006 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 254 LNP Thermocomp® QF-1006 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 313 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 313 LNP Thermocomp® RC-1006 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 279

Mckeen_Index.indd 796

Index

tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 291 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 299 Low density polyethylene (LDPE), 380 Lubricants, 5 Lupolen 1800 H, 658 Lupolen 1800 S, 658 Lupolen 1810 E, 658 Lupolen 1840 D, 658 Lupolen 18P FAX, 658 Lupolen 18P FFX, 658 Lupolen 2420 D, 658 Lupolen 4261 A Q416, 658 Lupolen 5021 D, 658 Lupolen 5031 L Q449 K, 658 Lupolen 5031 L Q449, 658 Lupolen 5661 A, 659 Luran® 358 N Crystal Clear, 558, 690 Luran® 358 N, 558, 690 Luran® 368 R Crystal Clear, 559, 690 Luran® 368 R, 558, 690 Luran® 378 P G7, 559, 690 Luran® 378 P, 559, 690 Luran® 388 S, 559, 690 Luran® KR 2556, 559, 690 Luran® KR 2636 Luran® S 757 G, 557, 689 Luran® S 757 R, 557, 689 Luran® S 776 S, 557, 689 Luran® S 776 SE, 557, 689 Luran® S 777 K, 557, 689 Luran® S 778 T, 557, 689 Luran® S 778 TE, 557, 690 Luran® S 796 M, 557, 690 Luran® S 797 S, 557, 690 Luran® S 797 SE, 558, 690 Luran® S KR 2858 G3, 558, 690 Luran® S KR 2859, 558 Luran® S KR 2861/1 C, 564, 695 Luran® S KR 2863 C, 564, 695 Luran® S KR 2864 C, 564, 695 Luran® S KR 2866 C, 565, 695 Luran® S KR 2867 CWU, 565 Luran® S KR 2950, 565 Lustran ABS® E401, 563, 693 Lustran ABS® H604, 563, 693 Lustran ABS® H605, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H606LS, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H607AS, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H701, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H702, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H801, 565, 694 Lustran ABS® H802, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® H950, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® M201AS, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® M202AS, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® M203FC, 563, 694

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

INDEX

Lustran ABS® M301AS, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® M301FC, 563, 694 Lustran ABS® M305, 563, 694 Lustran SAN® 32, 558, 690 Lustran SAN® 35, 558, 690 Magnum 1040, 559, 691 Magnum 2620, 559, 691 Magnum 2630, 560, 691 Magnum 2642, 560, 691 Magnum 275, 560, 691 Magnum 3325MT, 560, 691 Magnum 3404 smooth, 560, 691 Magnum 3404, 560, 691 Magnum 3416SC, 560, 691 Magnum 342EZ, 560, 691 Magnum 344CC, 560, 691 Magnum 344HP, 560, 692 Magnum 3453, 560, 692 Magnum 347EZ, 560, 692 Magnum 348, 560, 692 Magnum 3490, 560, 692 Magnum 3504, 560, 692 Magnum 3513, 560, 692 Magnum 3525, 560, 692 Magnum 357HP, 560, 692 Magnum 358HP, 560, 692 Magnum 3616, 560, 692 Magnum 3904 smooth, 560, 692 Magnum 3904, 560, 692 Magnum 5200, 561, 692 Magnum 541, 561, 692 Magnum 545, 561, 692 Magnum 555, 561, 692 Magnum 8391, 561, 692 Magnum 8434, 561, 692 Magnum 9010, 561, 692 Magnum 9020, 561, 692 Magnum 9030, 561, 692 Magnum 941, 561, 692 Magnum 9555, 561, 692 Magnum 9575, 561, 692 Magnum AG 700, 561, 692 Magnum FG 960, 561, 692 Magnum HPC 952, 561, 693 Magnum PG 914, 561 Makroblend® DP 2-7655, 603, 725 Makroblend® DP 7645, 725 Makroblend® DP 7665, 725 Makroblend® DP7645, 603 Makroblend® DP7665, 603 Makroblend® KU 2-7608, 725 Makroblend® KU 2-7609, 725 Makroblend® KU 2-7912, 725 Makroblend® KU 2-7912/4, 725 Makroblend® KU 2-7912/5, 725

Mckeen_Index.indd 797

797

Makroblend® KU 2-7915, 725 Makroblend® KU 2-7940, 725 Makroblend® KU2-7608, 603 Makroblend® KU2-7609, 603 Makroblend® KU2-7912, 604 Makroblend® KU2-7912/4, 604 Makroblend® KU2-7915, 604 Makroblend® KU2-7940, 604 Makroblend® KU-7912/5, 604 Makroblend®S 7916, 604, 725 Makroblend®S 7916/2, 604, 725 Makrolon® 1095, 578, 705 Makrolon® 1239, 579, 705 Makrolon® 1243, 579, 705 Makrolon® 1260, 579, 705 Makrolon® 1804, 579, 705 Makrolon® 2205, 579, 705 Makrolon® 2207, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2405, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2407, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2458, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2558, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2605, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2607, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2658, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2665, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2667, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2805, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2807, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2858, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2865, 579, 706 Makrolon® 2867, 579, 706 Makrolon® 3103MAS157, 579, 706 Makrolon® 3105, 579, 706 Makrolon® 3107, 579, 706 Makrolon® 3108, 579, 706 Makrolon® 3158, 579, 706 Makrolon® 6265, 579, 706 Makrolon® 6267, 579, 706 Makrolon® 6455, 579, 706 Makrolon® 6485, 579, 706 Makrolon® 6487, 580, 706 Makrolon® 6555, 580, 706 Makrolon® 6557, 580, 707 Makrolon® 8025, 580, 707 Makrolon® 8035, 580, 707 Makrolon® 8315, 580, 707 Makrolon® 8325, 580, 707 Makrolon® 8345, 580, 707 Makrolon® 9125, 580, 707 Makrolon® 9415, 580, 707 Makrolon® 9425, 580, 707 Makrolon® AG2677, 580, 707 Makrolon® AL2447, 580, 707 Makrolon® AL2647, 580, 707 Makrolon® DP1-1265, 580, 707

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

798

Makrolon® DP1-1837, 580, 707 Makrolon® DP1-1853, 580, 707 Makrolon® DP1-1857, 580, 707 Makrolon® DP1-1870, 580, 707 Makrolon® KU1-1248, 581, 707 Makrolon® LQ2647, 581, 707 Makrolon® LQ3147, 581, 707 Makrolon® LQ3187, 581, 707 Makrolon® LTG2623, 707 Makrolon® LTG3123, 707 Makrolon® OD2015, 581, 707 Makrolon® Rx1805, 581, 707 Makrolon®LTG2623, 581 Makrolon®LTG3123, 581 Maximum service temperature assessment, 26–29 Mechanical methods of estimating Tg, 19–21 Mechanical property testing of plastics, 7–14 compressive properties, 12 flexural properties, 13–14 shear properties, 12–13 tensile testing, 7–12, see also Tensile testing Mechanical tests, plastics, 8 Medium density polyethylene (MDPE), 380 Melt flow index (MFI), 19 test apparatus, 18 Melting point (Tm), 22–25 Methyl methacrylate, 379 Methylene Dianiline (MDA), 215 Mica, 7 Mindel B-310, 685, 764 Mindel B-322, 685, 764 Mindel B-340, 685, 764 Mindel B-360, 685, 764 Mindel B-390, 685, 764 Mindel B-430, 686, 764 Mindel M-800, 686, 764 Mindel M-825, 686, 764 Mindel S-1000, 686, 764 Mindel S-1010, 686, 764 MIndel S-1020, 764 Mindel S-1030, 764 Minion® 10B140 BK061, 738 Minion® 10B40HS1 BK061, 738 Minion® 11C140 BK086, 738 Minion® 11C40 BKB086, 738 Minion® 11C40 NC010, 738 Minion® 12T BKB100, 738 Minion® 12T NC010, 738 Minion® 12TA BKB124, 739 Minion® 22C BK086, 739 Minion® 73GM40 NC010, 731 Minion® 73GM40NC010 (cond.), 612 Minion® 73GM40NC010 (dry), 612 Minion® 73M30 NC010 (cond.), 612 Minion® 73M30 NC010 (dry), 612 Minion® 73M30 NC010, 731

Mckeen_Index.indd 798

Index

Minion® 73M30HSL BK489, 731 Minion® 73M30HSLBK489 (dry), 612 Minion® 73M40 NC010 (cond.), 612 Minion® 73M40 NC010 (dry), 612 Minion® 73M40 NC010, 731 Minion® IG38C1 BK434, 739 Minlon® 10B140 NC010 (cond.), 632 Minlon® 10B140 NC010 (dry), 632 Minlon® 10B140 NC010, 738 Minlon® 10B40 NC010 (cond.), 632 Minlon® 10B40 NC010 (dry), 632 Minlon® 10B40 NC010, 738 Minlon® 11C140 NC010, 738 Minlon® 11C140NC010 (cond.), 632 Minlon® 11C140NC010 (dry), 632 Minlon® 22C NC010 (cond.), 632 Minlon® 22C NC010 (dry), 632 Minlon® 22C NC010, 739 Minlon® EFE6053 BK413, 739 Minlon® EFE6053BK413 (cond.), 633 Minlon® EFE6053BK413 (dry), 633 Minlon® EFE6096 GY090A, 739 Minlon® EFE6096GY090A (cond.), 633 Minlon® EFE6096GY090A (dry), 633 Miscellaneous high temperature plastics, 680–686 Mitsui Chemicals Aurum® PI resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 233 Mitsui Chemicals FR-TPX™ T130 dielectric constant at 1 MHz vs. temperature of, 398 dielectric constant vs. frequency at 20°C of, 398 dissipation factor vs. frequency at 20°C of, 399 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 1 MHz of, 400 Mitsui Chemicals TPX™ RT18 dissipation factor vs. frequency of, 399 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of, 400 lexural modulus vs. temperature of, 396 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of, 397 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 397 Molecular weight, polymers, 2–3 Monomers, 2 m-Phenylene Diamine (MPD), 215 Neoflon™ AP-201, 675 Neoflon™ AP-210, 675 Neoflon™ AP-211SH, 675 Neoflon™ AP-215SH, 675 Neoflon™ AP-230, 675 Neoflon™ AP-231SH, 676 Neoflon™ EP-521, 677 Neoflon™ EP-541, 677 Neoflon™ EP-543, 677 Neoflon™ EP-610, 677 Neoflon™ EP-620, 677 Neoflon™ M-300P, 678 Neoflon™ M-400H, 678

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

INDEX

Neoflon™ NP-101, 677 Neoflon™ NP-120, 677 Neoflon™ NP-12X, 677 Neoflon™ NP-130, 677 Neoflon™ NP-20, 677 Neoflon™ NP-30, 677 Neoflon™ NP-40, 677 Norbornene, 379 Noryl GTX® GTX964 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 144 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 137 Noryl GTX® PPE tensile strength vs. temperature for, 141 Noryl® 731 pressure-specific volume-temperature (PVT) for, 145 Noryl® PPE dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 146 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 147 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 135, 136 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 138 Gardner impact strength vs. temperature for, 141 Izod impact strength vs. relative humidity for, 142 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 143, 144 strength vs. temperature for, 140 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 136 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 140 Nova Chemicals Dylark® SMA resins notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 82 Novodur® P2H-AT, 563, 694 Novodur® P2HE, 563, 694 Novodur® P2HGV, 563, 694 Novodur® P2M-AT, 694 Nylene® PA6 resins rockwell hardness vs. temperature for, 255 tensile strength vs. moisture content for custom resins, 253 Nylon 11 (PA11), 243, 245, 246, 257–264 characteristics, 245 Nylon 12 (PA12), 243, 245, 246, 264–269 Nylon 46, 243, 247–248 characteristics, 247 chemical structure of, 248 Nylon 6 (PA6), 243–245, 249–256 characteristics, 244 chemical structure of, 245 Nylon 610 (PA610), 243, 246, 247, 312–335 structure of, 246 Nylon 612, 243, 246–247 Nylon 66 (PA66), 243, 245–246, 269–312 characteristics, 245 Nylon 666, 243, 247 Nylon amorphous, 243, 335–343 Olefin/Acrylic Polymers, 383 Orgalloy LE 6000 (cond.), 652 Orgalloy LE 6000 (dry), 652

Mckeen_Index.indd 799

799

Orgalloy LE 6000, 746 Orgalloy LE 60HM (dry), 652 Orgalloy LE 60HM (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LE 60HM, 746 Orgalloy LE 60LM (dry), 653 Orgalloy LE 60LM (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LE 60LM, 746 Orgalloy LE 60LMXV (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LE 60LMXV (dry), 653 Orgalloy LE 60LMXV, 746 Orgalloy LE 60SF (dry), 653 Orgalloy LE 60SF (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LE 60SF, 746 Orgalloy LE 60THM (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LE 60THM (dry), 653 Orgalloy LE 60THM, 746 Orgalloy LT 4060 (dry), 653 Orgalloy LT 4060 (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LT 4060, 746 Orgalloy LT 4060ES noir T6L, 746 Orgalloy LT 4060ES noirT6L (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LT 4060ES noirT6L (dry), 653 Orgalloy LT 5050 T6L (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LT 5050 T6L (dry), 653 Orgalloy LT 5050 T6L, 746 Orgalloy LT 5050ES noir (cond.), 653 Orgalloy LT 5050ES noir (dry), 653 Orgalloy LT 5050ES noir, 746 Orgalloy R 60ES (cond.), 653 Orgalloy R 60ES (dry), 653 Orgalloy R 60ES, 746 Orgalloy RS 6000 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6000 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6000, 746 Orgalloy RS 6010 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6010 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6010, 746 Orgalloy RS 6015ES noir T6L, 746 Orgalloy RS 6015ESnoir T6L (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6015ESnoir T6L (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6030 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6030 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6030, 746 Orgalloy RS 60E10 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 60E10 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 60E10, 746 Orgalloy RS 6600 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6600 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6600, 746 Orgalloy RS 6620 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6620 (cond.), 654 Orgalloy RS 6620, 746 Orgalloy RS 6630 (dry), 654 Orgalloy RS 6630 (cond.), 655 Orgalloy RS 6630, 746 Oxydiamiline (ODA), 215

12/11/2007 6:27:22 PM

800

PA alloy/EMS–Grivory, 655–658, 747–748 PA11/Arkema, 621–623, 733–734 PA12/Degussa, 623–626, 734–735 PA12/EMS-Grivory, 626–627, 736–737 PA46/DSM, 627–632, 737 PA6/BASF, 614–621, 731–733 PA6/DuPont, 612–614, 731 PA610/Toray Resin Company, 643, 742 PA612/DuPont, 643–644, 742 PA66/BASF, 639–643, 741–742 PA66/DuPont, 632–639, 738–741 PA666 resins shear modulus vs. temperature of, 332, 333 tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 334 PA666/ASF, 644 PA666/BASF, 743 PAI/Solvay, 730 PBT/BASF, 593–594, 717 PBT/DSM, 595–596, 718–719 PBT/DuPont, 596–597, 719–720 PBT/Lanxess, 594–595, 717–718 PBT/Ticona, 588–592, 713–716 PCT/DuPont, 599, 721 PCTFE/Arkema, 672 PCTFE/Diakin, 678 PE/Bassell Polyolefi ns, 658–659 PE/Ticona, 658, 749 PEBA/Arkema, 668–669, 758 PEBA/Degussa, 669–670, 758 PEBAX 2533 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 2533 SN01(cond.), 668 PEBAX 2533 SN01(dry), 668 PEBAX 3533 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 3533 SN01(cond.), 668 PEBAX 3533 SN01(dry), 668 PEBAX 4033 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 4033 SN01(cond.), 668 PEBAX 4033 SN01(dry), 668 PEBAX 5533 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 5533 SN 70 NOIR, 758 PEBAX 5533 SN 70NOIR(cond.), 669 PEBAX 5533 SN 70NOIR(dry), 669 PEBAX 5533 SN01(cond.), 668 PEBAX 5533 SN01(dry), 668 PEBAX 6333 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 6333 SN01(cond.), 669 PEBAX 6333 SN01(dry), 669 PEBAX 7033 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 7033 SN01(cond.), 669 PEBAX 7033 SN01(dry), 669 PEBAX 7233 SN 01, 758 PEBAX 7233 SN01(cond.), 669 PEBAX 7233 SN01(dry), 669 PEBAX MH 1657(cond.), 669 PEBAX MH 1657(dry), 669 PEBAX MH 1657, 758

Mckeen_Index.indd 800

Index

PEBAX MV 1041 SN 01, 758 PEBAX MV 1041 SN01 (cond.), 669 PEBAX MV 1041 SN01 (dry), 669 PEBAX MV 1074 SN 01, 758 PEBAX MV 1074 SN01 (cond.), 669 PEBAX MV 1074 SN01 (dry), 669 PEEK/Degussa, 680, 760 PEEK/Solvay, 760–761 PEEK/Victrex, 680–681, 760 PEI/GE Plastics, 729–730 Perfluoro alkylvinylether (PFA), 474–480 PES/BASF, 681, 761 PES/Solvay, 681–682, 761 PET/DSM, 598–599, 721 PET/DuPont, 597–598, 720–721 PET/Ticona, 597, 720 PFA/Diakin, 675–676 PFA/Dupont, 675 PFA/Dyneon 3M, 676, 677 PFA/Solvay Solexis, 676 PI/DuPont, 730 Pigments, 7 Plasticization,6, 30, 420 Plastics, 1–39 basic component, 1 designing, 25–35, see also Designing polymers and, 1–7 copolymers, 2 rigidity of, 26 testing, 7–25, see also Testing Plexalloy® NTA-1, 663, 754 Plexalloy® NTA-3, 663, 754 Plexiglas® 6N, 663, 754 Plexiglas® 7H, 663, 754 Plexiglas® 7M, 664, 754 Plexiglas® 7N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® 8H, 664, 754 Plexiglas® 8N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df21 8N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df22 7H, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df22 7N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df22 8N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df22 zk6BR, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df23 7H, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df23 7N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df23 8N, 664, 754 Plexiglas® df23 zk6BR, 664, 754 Plexiglas® FT15, 664, 754 Plexiglas® hw55, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk20, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk30, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk40, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk4BR, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk4HC, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk50, 664, 754 Plexiglas® zk5BR, 664, 755

12/11/2007 6:27:23 PM

INDEX

Plexiglas® zk5HC, 665, 755 Plexiglas® zk5HF, 665, 755 Plexiglas® zk6BR, 665, 755 Plexiglas® zk6HC, 665, 755 Plexiglas®, 382 Pocan® B 1300, 594, 717 Pocan® B 1305, 594, 717 Pocan® B 1501, 594, 717 Pocan® B 1505, 594, 717 Pocan® B 1600, 594, 717 Pocan® B 2505, 594, 717 Pocan® B 3215 Z, 594, 717 Pocan® B 3215, 594, 717 Pocan® B 3225 Z, 594, 717 Pocan® B 3225, 594, 717 Pocan® B 3235, 594, 717 Pocan® B 4215, 594, 718 Pocan® B 4225, 594, 718 Pocan® B 4235, 594, 718 Pocan® B 4239, 594, 718 Pocan® B 7375, 594, 718 Pocan® B 7425, 595, 718 Pocan® B 7616, 725 Pocan® DP 1105, 718 Pocan® DP 4035, 604 Pocan® DP 7041, 604, 725 Pocan® DP 7042, 604, 725 Pocan® DP 7043, 604, 725 Pocan® DP 7139, 718 Pocan® KL1-7033, 718 Pocan® KL1-7265, 718 Pocan® KL1-7835, 718 Pocan® KU1-7301, 718 Pocan® KU1-7313, 604, 725 Pocan® KU1-7341, 605, 725 Pocan® KU1-7625, 605 Pocan® KU1-7625, 725 Pocan® KU1-7635, 605, 725 Pocan® KU2-7020/1, 718 Pocan® KU2-7125, 605, 725 Pocan® KU2-7209, 718 Pocan® KU2-7240, 718 Pocan® KU2-7241, 718 Pocan® KU2-7503/1 Z, 595, 718 Pocan® KU27604, 605 Pocan® KU2-7604, 725 Pocan® KU2-7755, 595, 718 Pocan® S 1506, 595, 718 Pocan® S 1517, 595, 718 Pocan® T 7323, 725 Pocan® T 7331, 725 Polimeri Europa Kostil® B 265 tensile stress vs. strain for, 58 Polimeri Europa Kostil® SAN resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 60 Poly-(4-methyl-l-pentene), 380

Mckeen_Index.indd 801

801

Poly(methyl methacrylate), 380 Polyacrylics, 382, 412–417 Polyamide 12 characteristics, 245 Polyamide alloys/Arkema, 652–655, 746 Polyamide alloys/Rhodia, 655, 747 Polyamide Blend (PPA), 372–377 Polyamide blend resins tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 137, 141 Polyamide-Imide (PAI), 213–216, 226–229 chemical structure of, 216 Polyamides (Nylons), 243–277 Polyamides (Nylons), 612–657 Polyarylamide (PAA), 248–249, 362–371 characteristics, 248 Polyarylamide/Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp, 649–651, 744–745 Polyarylamide/Solvay, 651–652, 745–746 Polybenzimidazole (PBI), 504–505 structure of, 505 Polybutadiene, 4 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 149, 150, 160–184, 217 chemical structure, 150 Polycarbonate (PC), 149–150, 152–159 Polycarbonate polyester chemical structure of, 150 Polycarbonate/A. Schulman, 586, 710 Polycarbonate/Bayer, 578–581, 705–707 Polycarbonate/Dow, 581–585, 707–710 Polycarbonate/DSM, 586–588, 711–713 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 449, 481–489 chemical structure, 449 Daikin Neoflon™ M-300H elongation vs. temperature for, 485 shore D harness vs. temperature for, 484 Daikin Neoflon™ PCTFE resins dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature for, 486 dielectric constant vs. frequency at 25°C for, 486 dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for, 487 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for, 489 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 483 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 485 stress vs. strain for at 23°C for, 481 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 482 tensile strength at break vs. temperature for, 483 Dyneon crystalline and amorphous PCTFE resins stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 482 Dyneon PCTFE resin coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 484 stress vs. strain in compression at various temperatures for, 481

12/11/2007 6:27:23 PM

802

Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT), 150–151, 203–204 chemical structure, 152 Polyester based TPUs, 419 Polyester blends and alloys, 151–152, 205–212 Polyester blends/A. Schulman, 608, 727 Polyester blends/BASF, 606–607, 726–727 Polyester blends/Bayer, 602–604, 724–725 Polyester blends/Dow, 607–608, 727 Polyester blends/DSM, 605–606, 725–726 Polyester blends/DuPont, 607, 727 Polyester blends/Lanxess, 604–605, 725 Polyester blends/Ticona, 608–609, 728 Polyester polyols, 419 Polyesters, 1, 149–212 formation, 149 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers, 420–421, 443–445 Polyether plastics, 97–148 polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 97–98 Polyether, 419 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), 503, 505–512 properties, 503 structure, 503 Polyetherimide (PEI), 213, 217–225 Polyethers, 567–577, 578–609, 697–704, 705–728 Polyethersulfone (PES) properties, 503 structure, 504 Tg estimation, 23 Polyethylene (PE), 379–381, 383 Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), 448 chemical structure, 448 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 1, 149, 150, 184–194, 217 chemical structure, 151 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polycarbonate (PC), 206 Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 448 Polyethylene, 380 Polyflam® (ABS/PA) RMMK 125, 563, 694 Polyflam® RABS 90000UV5, 561, 693 Polyflam® RABS 90000UV6, 561, 693 Polyflam® RABS 92000UV5, 561, 693 Polyflam® RIPP 3125CS1, 661, 750 Polyflam® RIPP 374ND CS1, 661, 750 Polyflam® RIPP 490, 661, 750 Polyflam® RIPP 5000 E, 661, 750 Polyflam® RIPP 5440, 661, 750 Polyflam® RLD 10 D, 661, 750 Polyflam® RMMB 40300, 563, 694 Polyflam® RMMB 4070 FFR 4, 564, 694 Polyflam® RMMB 4070, 564, 694 Polyflam® RMMB 4070HF, 564, 694 Polyflam® RMMB 60300, 564, 695

Mckeen_Index.indd 802

Index

Polyflam® RMMB 60500, 564, 695 Polyflam® RABS 90350 UV5, 693 Polyflam® RABS 90950 UV5, 693 Polyflam® RPP 3130 CS1, 750 Polyflam® RPP 3230 CS1, 750 Polyflam® RPP 371 ND, 750 Polyflam® RPP 374 ND CS1 5V, 751 Polyflam® RPP 374 ND CS1, 750 Polyflam® RPP 490 CS1, 751 Polyflam® RPP 500 D, 751 Polyfort® AFP 2934, 751 Polyfort® AFP 3306 Rezyklat, 751 Polyfort® AFP 3318, 751 Polyfort® FIP 20 M K1033, 751 Polyfort® FIP 20 MA K1469, 751 Polyfort® FIP 40 MA K1544, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 15 M HSR 3329, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 15 M HSR K1757, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 M HSR 3329, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 T LE K1731, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 T LE K1756, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 T LE K1832, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 T, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 20 TSP UVA/2, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 30 T K1005, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 30 TF, 751 Polyfort® FIPP 65/10 BSGF, 751 Polyfort® FPP 10 T WLB, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GB, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GF, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GFC K1400, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GFC SHH LW, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GFC, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 GFM HI, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 T K1534 natur, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 T K1751, 752 Polyfort® FPP 20 T Recyclat, 752 Polyfort® FPP 20 T SHH LW, 752 Polyfort® FPP 20 T WLB, 752 Polyfort® FPP 20 T, 751 Polyfort® FPP 20 TF WLB, 752 Polyfort® FPP 20/10 GFM, 752 Polyfort® FPP 22 T K1093, 752 Polyfort® FPP 22 T LE K1684, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GF, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GFC BOW, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GFC HI, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GFC K1079, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GFC, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 GFC-F WLB, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30 T SHH REC, 752 Polyfort® FPP 30/10 GBGF, 752 Polyfort® FPP 38 T K1419, 752 Polyfort® FPP 38 T K1785, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 GFC HI, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 GFC schwarz, 752

12/11/2007 6:27:23 PM

INDEX

Polyfort® FPP 40 K, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 T K1442, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 T REC, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 T WLB, 752 Polyfort® FPP 40 T, 752 Polyfort® FPP 70 BS, 752 Polyfort® FPP 75 M Schwarz, 753 Polyimide (PI), 216 chemical structures of, 217 Polyimide (PI), 229–241 Polyimides (PI), 213–241 Polyimides, 609–611, 729–730 Polyman® (ABS) E/HI, 561, 693 Polyman® (ABS) FABS30 GB, 561, 693 Polyman® (ABS) HH 2, 693 Polyman® (ABS) HH 3 D, 693 Polyman® (ABS) HH 3, 693 Polyman® (ABS) HH, 561, 693 Polyman® (ABS) LC 165, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) LC185 A, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/AQ, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-A, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-G, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/HI-W, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/MI-A40, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/MI-AK1452, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/SHI, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/TK, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/TK-A, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) M/TK-HH, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS) NWB/HI, 562, 693 Polyman® (ABS)HH 2, 561 Polyman® (ABS)HH 3 D, 562 Polyman® (ABS)HH 3, 561 Polyman® (ABS)LC 145, 562 Polyman® (ASA) E 1006, 558, 690 Polyman® (ASA) E 1007 H, 558, 690 Polyman® (ASA) E/M11010, 558, 690 Polyman® (ASA) M/MI2010, 558, 690 Polyman® (PC) XP 41 R 30 GF, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP01 RN, 586, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP11 RN, 586, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP21 RN, 586, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP31 RN, 586, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP41 R 10 GF, 586, 710 Polyman® (PC) XP41 R 20 GF, 586, 710 Polyman® (SAN) 24/5, 558, 690 Polyman® (SAN) 29/10, 558, 690 Polyman® FABS 20 GF, 562 Polyman® FSAN 35 GF, 558, 690 Polyman®+A208 (ABS)NWB/MI, 563 Polymerization, 1, see also Addition polymerization; Condensation polymerization Polymers blends, 4–5 linear, branched, and cross-linked polymers, 2

Mckeen_Index.indd 803

803

molecular weight, 2–3 and plastics, 1–7 crystalline vs. amorphous, 3–4 thermosets vs. thermoplastics, 3 Polymethylpentene (PMP), 396–400 Polyolefin polymers structures of, 380 Polyolefins, 379–417 Polyolefins, 749–755 PolyOne Fiberloc ™ stress vs. strain at 23°C of, 405 PolyOne Fiberloc™ Rigid PVC resins flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 406 flexural strength vs. temperature of, 407 PolyOne Geon® 87241 notched Izod strength vs. temperature of, 408 PolyOne Geon® rigid PVC resins stress vs. strain at 23°C of Various, 405 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 406, 407 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 408 Polyoxymethylene (POM), 97, 99–110 Acetal homopolymer/DuPont, 567–568 Acetal homopolymer/DuPont, 568–569, 697–698 chemical structure, 977 DuPont’s method of preparation, 97 polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxides (PPE or PPO), modified, 98 Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 97–98, 110–131 Acetal copolymer/A. Schulman, 574, 702 Acetal copolymer/Ticona, 569–574 Acetal copolymer/Ticona, 698–702 Polyphenylene ether (PPE), 98 Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), 4, 21, 98 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), 503 properties of, 504 structure of, 504 Polyphthalamide (PPA), 248, 346–362 Polyphthalamide, 243 Polypropylene (PP), 381 types, 381 Polypropylene ether (PPE), 131–148 Polypropylene, 380 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 141 Polystyrene flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 135 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 138 Polystyrene blend resins dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 146 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 148 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 147 dissipation factor vs. temperature at 60 Hz for, 148 elongation vs. temperature for, 145 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 134 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 137, 138 Gardner impact strength vs. temperature for, 141

12/11/2007 6:27:23 PM

804

Polystyrene blend resins (continued) Izod impact strength vs. relative humidity for, 142 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 142, 143, 144 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 139, 140 Polystyrene, 4, 41, 44–50, see also BASF Polystyrene chemical structure, 41 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 137 Polystyrene/DOW, 556, 688–689 Polystyrene/polimeri europa, 555, 688 Polystyrene/polyOne, 556–557, 689 Polysulfone (PSU), 504 structure, 504 Tg estimation, 23 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 447–448, 451–455 chemical structure, 447 Polytrimethyl Pentene (PTP), 381–382 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 1, 379, 380, 382, 405–408 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 449–450, 489–502 chemical structure of, 449 PP/A. Schulman, 661, 750–753 PP/Albis Plastic GmgH, 659–661, 749–750 PP/Bassell Polyolefi ns, 662–663 PP/Ticona, 661–662, 753 PPA/DuPont, 645–646, 743 PPA/Solvay, 647–649, 743–744 PPE modifi ed/Mitsubishi Engineering-plastics, 703–704 PPE/Degussa, 574–577, 702–703 p-Phenylene Diamine (PDA), 215 PPS/Albis, 682–683, 761–762 PPS/Solvay, 682, 761 PPS/Ticona, 683–684, 762–763 PPSU/Solvay, 684–685, 763 Primef 4002, 682, 761 Primef 4010, 682, 761 Primef 5084, 682, 761 Primef 7002, 682, 761 Primef 7010, 682 Propylene, 379 PSU/BASF, 685, 763–764 PSU/Solvay, 685–686, 764 PTFE/DuPont, 672–673 PTFE/Dyneon 3M, 674–675 PTFE/Solvay Solexis, 673–674 Pulse 1310, 607, 727 Pulse 1350, 607, 727 Pulse 1370, 607, 727 Pulse 1550, 607, 727 Pulse 1718GF, 607, 727 Pulse 2000, 607, 727 Pulse 2000EZ, 607, 727 Pulse 2100LG, 607, 727 Pulse 2200BG, 607, 727 Pulse 830, 607, 727 Pulse 920MG, 607, 727 Pulse 979, 608, 727 Pulse A20-95, 608, 727

Mckeen_Index.indd 804

Index

Pulse A35105, 608 Pulse A35-105, 727 Pulse A35110, 608 Pulse A35-110, 727 PVDF/Arkema, 671, 759 PVDF/Dyneon 3M, 672 PVDF/Solvay Solexis, 671–672 PVDF/Solvay, 759 Pyomellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 215, 217 Radel A-100, 681, 761 Radel A-200, 681, 761 Radel A-300, 681, 761 Radel AG-320, 681, 761 Radel AG-330, 682, 761 Radel AG-360, 682 Radel R-4300, 684, 763 Radel R-5000, 684, 763 Radel R-5100, 684, 763 Radel R-5500, 684, 763 Radel R-5700, 684, 763 Radel R-7000 A, 684, 763 Radel R-7200, 684, 763 Radel R-7300, 685, 763 Random copolymers, 2, 381 Reinforcement, 5 Relative temperature index (RTI), 29 commercial polyphthalamide, 28 Release agents, 5 Reny 1002H (cond.), 650 Reny 1002H (dry), 649 Reny 1002H, 744 Reny 1012H (cond.), 650 Reny 1012H (dry), 650 Reny 1012H, 744 Reny 1021UCS (cond.), 650 Reny 1021UCS (dry), 650 Reny 1021UCS, 744 Reny 1022H (cond.), 650 Reny 1022H (dry), 650 Reny 1022H, 744 Reny 1025 (cond.), 650 Reny 1025 (dry), 650 Reny 1025, 745 Reny 1027 (cond.), 650 Reny 1027 (dry), 650 Reny 1027, 745 Reny 1032 (cond.), 650 Reny 1032 (dry), 650 Reny 1032, 745 Reny 1071 (cond.), 650 Reny 1071 (dry), 650 Reny 1071, 745 Reny 1313 (cond.), 650 Reny 1313 (dry), 650 Reny 1313, 745

12/11/2007 6:27:23 PM

INDEX

Reny 1501AH (cond.), 650 Reny 1501AH (dry), 650 Reny 1501AH, 745 Reny 1511AH (dry), 650 Reny 1511AH, 745 Reny 1521AH (dry), 650 Reny 1521AH, 745 Reny 1722F (cond.), 651 Reny 1722F (dry), 650 Reny 1722F, 745 Reny 2502A (cond.), 651 Reny 2502A (dry), 651 Reny 2502A, 745 Reny 2620 (cond.), 651 Reny 2620 (dry), 651 Reny 2620, 745 Reny 4011 (cond.), 651 Reny 4011 (dry), 651 Reny 4011, 745 Reny 4511 (cond.), 651 Reny 4511 (dry), 651 Reny 4511, 745 Reny C36 (cond.), 651 Reny C36 (dry), 651 Reny C36, 745 Reny G07S (cond.), 651 Reny G07S (dry), 651 Reny G07S, 745 Reny G16S (cond.), 651 Reny G16S (dry), 651 Reny G16S, 745 Reny N252 (cond.), 651 Reny N252 (dry), 651 Reny N252, 745 Reny W110 (cond.), 651 Reny W110 (dry), 651 Reny W110, 745 Reny W38S2 (cond.), 651 Reny W38S2 (dry), 651 Reny W38S2, 745 Rigidity of plastics, 26 Rilsan BAZ 8 O TL (dry), 621 Rilsan BAZ 8 O TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan BECN O TL (dry), 621 Rilsan BECN O TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan becn O TL, 733 Rilsan BESN G9 TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan BESN G9 TL (dry), 621 Rilsan besn G9 TL, 733 Rilsan BESN O P20 TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan BESN O P20 TL (dry), 621 Rilsan besn O P20 TL, 734 Rilsan BESN O P40 TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan BESN O P40 TL (dry), 621 Rilsan besn O P40 TL, 734 Rilsan BESN O TL (dry), 621

Mckeen_Index.indd 805

805

Rilsan BESN O TL (cond.), 621 Rilsan besn O TL, 734 Rilsan BESVO A FDA (cond.), 622 Rilsan BESVO A FDA (dry), 621 Rilsan besvo A FDA, 734 Rilsan BMN O P20 D (cond.), 622 Rilsan BMN O P20 D (dry), 622 Rilsan BMN O P20 D, 734 Rilsan BMN O P40 D (cond.), 622 Rilsan BMN O P40 D (dry), 622 Rilsan BMN O P40 D, 734 Rilsan BMN O TLD (dry), 622 Rilsan BMN O TLD (cond.), 622 Rilsan BMN O TLD, 734 Rilsan BMN Y TLD (dry), 622 Rilsan BMN Y TLD (cond.), 622 Rilsan BMN Y TLD, 734 Rilsan BUM 30 O (dry), 622 Rilsan BUM 30 O (cond.), 622 Rilsan BUM 30 O, 734 Rilsan BZM 23 G9 (dry), 622 Rilsan BZM 23 G9 (cond.), 622 Rilsan BZM 23 G9, 734 Rilsan BZM 30 O TL (cond.), 623 Rilsan BZM 30 O TL (dry), 622 Rilsan BZM 30 O TL, 734 Rilsan BZM 43 G9 (dry), 623 Rilsan BZM 43 G9 (cond.), 623 Rilsan BZM 43 G9, 734 Rilsan MB 3000 (cond.), 623 Rilsan MB 3000 (dry), 623 Rilsan MB 3000, 734 Rilsan NAT HP 3504 MB, 734 Rilsan NAT HP 3504MB (cond.), 623 Rilsan NAT HP 3504MB (dry), 623 Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® 6N stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 412 Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® 7N charpy impact strength of, 416 specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for, 417 Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® acrylic resins, see also individual entries shear modulus vs. temperature of, 414 tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 415, 416 Röhm GmbH Plexiglas® zk20 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 413 Röhm Plexiglas® hw55 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 413 Rynite® 408 NC010, 720 Rynite® 415HP NC010, 720 Rynite® 425LWBK505, 597, 721 Rynite® 530 NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® 530 NC010, 721 Rynite® 530CSNC011, 598, 721 Rynite® 536 NC010, 598, 721

12/11/2007 6:27:24 PM

806

Rynite® 545 NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® 555 NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® 935 NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® 936CSNC011, 598, 721 Rynite® 940 BK505, 598, 721 Rynite® FR515NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® FR530LNC010, 598, 721 Rynite® FR543NC010, 598, 721 Rynite® FR943NC010, 598, 721 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® ABS resins coefficient of thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 76 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 68 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 70 specific volume as a function of PVT for, 76 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® EX39 tensile stress vs. strain for, 61 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® KJB tensile stress vs. strain for, 62 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® MGABS01 tensile stress vs. strain for, 62 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycolac® Z48 tensile stress vs. strain for, 63 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy ABS/PC resins charpy impact strength vs. temperature for, 92, 93 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy C1000HF notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 93 puncture impact test (ISO 6603-2) vs. temperature for, 94 PVT for, 95 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 87 SABIC Innovative Plastics Cycoloy EHA stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 88 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 91 tensile strength at yield vs. temperature for, 92 SABIC Innovative Plastics Geloy® ASA resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 53 SABIC innovative plastics Geloy® CR7520 stress vs. strain in compression for, 52 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl GTX® GTX830 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 133 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 132 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® 731 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 131 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® GFN1 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 132 SABIC Innovative Plastics Noryl® GFN3 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 133 SABIC Innovative Plastics Prevex® IP-16 SMA resin specific volume as a function of PVT for, 82 tensile stress vs. strain for, 78, 79 SABIC Innovative Plastics Thermocomp® FP VC-1003 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 493

Mckeen_Index.indd 806

Index

SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® 2230 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 26 SABIC Innovative Plastics Xenoy® 6127 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 206 SAN/A. Schulman, 558, 690 SAN/BASF, 558–559, 690 SAN/DOW, 559, 691 SAN/Lanxess, 558, 690 SAN/Polimeri Europa, 559, 691 SBC/BASF, 563 Schulablend® (ABS/PA)M/MK, 564, 695 Schulablend® (PC/ABS)M/MB 3, 564, 695 Schulablend® (PC/ABS)M/MB 5, 564, 695 Schulablend® (PC/ABS)M/MB 6, 564, 695 Schulablend® (PC/ASA)WR 5 UV, 564, 695 Schulablend® (PC/ASA)WR 5, 564, 695 Schulablend® ABS/PA)M/MK 20GF, 564, 695 Schuladur® PCRGF 10, 608, 727 Schuladur® PCRGF 20, 608, 727 Schuladur® PCRGF 30, 608, 727 Schuladur® PCRGF 45, 608, 727 Schulaform® 9 A GF 25, 574, 702 Schulaform® 9 A, 574, 702 Schulaform® 9 b, 574, 702 Schulaform® 9 d, 574, 702 Schulaform® 9 E HI, 574, 702 Schulaform® 9 f, 574, 702 Schulaform® AF 9 natur, 702 Sebacic acid, 244 Selection guides, in plastics designing, 33–35 based on abrasion resistance, 38 based on chemical resistance, 36 based on colorability, 38 based on continuous operating temperature, 37 based on densities, 38 based on electrical properties, 38 based on friction, 38 based on mechanical properties, 36 based on non-flammability, 38 based on transparency, 38 Semicrystalline polyamides properties of, 245 SF Ultrason® E 1010 specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) for, 520 Shear properties, plastics, 12–13 measurement, apparatus for, 13 Slip, 5 Smoke suppressants, 5 Solef 1008, 671, 759 Solef 1010, 671, 759 Solef 1012, 672, 759 Solef 11008, 672, 759 Solef 11010, 672, 759 Solef 21508, 672, 759 Solef 31008, 672, 759

12/11/2007 6:27:24 PM

INDEX

Solef 31508, 672, 759 Solef 6010, 672, 759 Solef 6012, 672 Solexis Solef® 1008 PVT plot for Solvay, 497 Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® GF-130 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 537 Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® P-1700 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 537 Solvay Advanced Polymers Udel® PSU resins coefficient of thermal expansion (crossflow direction) vs. temperature of, 548 coefficient of thermal expansion (flow direction) vs. temperature of, 548 compressive modulus vs. glass fiber content of, 539 compressive strength vs. glass fiber content of, 543 flexural modulus vs. glass fiber content of, 539 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 540 flexural strength vs. glass fiber content of, 543 flexural strength vs. temperature of, 544 Rockwell hardness vs. glass fiber content of, 546 specific volume as a function of temperature and pressure (PVT) of, 547 specific heat vs. temperature of, 549 tensile modulus vs. glass fiber content of, 541 tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 541 tensile strength vs. glass fiber content of, 545 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 544 Solvay Amodel® flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 351, 352 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 356 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 361 modulus vs. temperature for, 353 tensile elongation at break vs. temperature for, 359 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 353 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 357, 358 Solvay Amodel® A, see also individual entries compressive modulus vs. temperature for, 355 compressive strength vs. temperature for, 360 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 351 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 355 tensile elongation at break vs. temperature for, 360 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 358 Solvay Amodel® A-1133 HS flexural modulus vs. relative humidity for, 350 moisture absorption vs. relative humidity for, 362 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 346 tensile strength vs. relative humidity for, 357 Solvay Amodel® A-1145 HS stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 346 Solvay Amodel® AS-1566 HS stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 347 Solvay Amodel® AT-5001 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 347 Solvay Amodel® ET-1001 HS stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 348

Mckeen_Index.indd 807

807

Solvay IXEF® tensile modulus vs. relative humidity at 23°C for, 365 Solvay IXEF® 1002 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 362 Solvay IXEF® 1022 COLTE vs. temperature for, 370 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 365 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 366 notched IZOD strength vs. temperature for, 368 PVT for, 369 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 363 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 366 tensile strength vs. relative humidity at 23°C for, 367 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 367 unnotched IZOD strength vs. temperature for, 368 Solvay IXEF® 1032 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 363 Solvay IXEF® 1622 coefficient of linear thermal expansion (COLTE) vs. temperature for, 370 Solvay IXEF® 2011 coefficient of linear thermal expansion (COLTE) vs. temperature for, 371 Solvay IXEF® 2057 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 364 Solvay IXEF® 3006 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 364 Solvay IXEF® PAA resins Izod strength vs. water content for, 369 water absorption vs. relative humidity for, 371 Solvay KetaSpire® dynamic shear modulus vs. temperature of, 508 Solvay Radel® A PES resins tensile strength vs. temperature of, 518 Solvay Solexis Halar® ECTFE resins dielectric constant vs. temperature at various frequencies for, 459 dissipation factor vs. temperature at various frequencies for, 460 elongation at break vs. temperature for, 458 elongation at yield vs. temperature for, 458 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 455 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 459 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 456 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 456 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 457 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 460 yield stress vs. temperature for, 457 Solvay Solexis Hyflon® PFA resins elongation at break vs. temperature, 478 stress at break vs. temperature for, 474 stress vs. strain at two temperatures for, 474 yield stress vs. temperature for, 477 Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 476 Solvay Solexis Solef® 1008 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 491

12/11/2007 6:27:24 PM

808

Solvay Solexis Solef® 1010 dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for, 499 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 502 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for, 501 thermal conductivity vs. temperature for, 498 Solvay Solexis Solef® 11008 dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency for, 500 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency for, 501 Solvay Solexis Solef® PVDF resins compressive modulus vs. temperature for, 495 density vs. temperature for, 498 dielectric constant vs. frequency for, 499 dissipation factor vs. frequency for, 500 elongation at break vs. temperature for, 491 elongation at yield vs. temperature for, 492 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 492 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 497 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 496 ultimate compressive strength vs. temperature for, 496 ultimate compressive strength vs. temperature for, 496 volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 502 Young’s modulus vs. temperature for, 494 Standard elastomer tests, 8 Stanyl® 46HF4130 (dry), 627 Stanyl® 46HF4130 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® 46HF4130, 737 Stanyl® 46HF4530 (dry), 628 Stanyl® 46HF4530 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® 46HF4530, 737 Stanyl® 46HF5030 (dry), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5040 (dry), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5040 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5040, 737 Stanyl® 46HF5041LW (dry), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5041LW, 737 Stanyl® 46HF5050 (dry), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5050 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® 46HF5050, 737 Stanyl® PA46 resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 344 shear modulus vs. temperature and humidity for Stanyl® TE200F6 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 344 Stanyl® TE200F6 (dry), 628 Stanyl® TE200F6 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® TE200F6, 737 Stanyl® TE200F8 (dry), 628 Stanyl® TE200F8(cond.), 628

Mckeen_Index.indd 808

Index

Stanyl® TE200F8, 737 Stanyl® TE250 series shear modulus vs. temperature for, 345 Stanyl® TE250F3 (dry), 628 Stanyl® TE250F3, 737 Stanyl® TE250F6 (dry), 628 Stanyl® TE250F6 (cond.), 628 Stanyl® TE250F6, 737 Stanyl® TE250F8 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE250F8 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE250F8, 737 Stanyl® TE250F9 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE250F9 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE250F9, 737 Stanyl® TE263F6 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE263F6 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE263F6, 737 Stanyl® TE300 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE300 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE300, 737 Stanyl® TE351 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE351 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE351, 737 Stanyl® TE373 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TE373 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TE373, 737 Stanyl® TS200F6 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TS200F6 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TS200F6, 737 Stanyl® TS250F4D (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TS250F4D (dry), 629 Stanyl® TS250F4D, 737 Stanyl® TS250F6D (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TS250F6D (dry), 629 Stanyl® TS250F6D, 737 Stanyl® TS250F8 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TS250F8 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TS250F8, 737 Stanyl® TS256F8 (dry), 629 Stanyl® TS256F8 (cond.), 629 Stanyl® TS256F8, 737 Stanyl® TW200B6 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW200B6 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW200B6, 737 Stanyl® TW200F3 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW200F3 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW200F3, 737 Stanyl® TW200F6 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW200F6 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW200F6, 737 Stanyl® TW200F8 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW200F8 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW200F8, 737 Stanyl® TW200FM33 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW200FM33 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW200FM33, 737

12/11/2007 6:27:24 PM

INDEX

Stanyl® TW241 B3 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW241 B3 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW241 B3, 738 Stanyl® TW241 F12 (cond.), 630 Stanyl® TW241 F12 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW241 F12, 738 Stanyl® TW241 F3 (dry), 630 Stanyl® TW241 F3 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW241 F3, 738 Stanyl® TW241 F6 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW241 F6 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW241 F6, 738 Stanyl® TW241 F8 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW241 F8 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW241 F8, 738 Stanyl® TW241F10 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW241F10 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW242FM10 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW242FM10 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW242FM10, 738 Stanyl® TW250F6 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW250F6 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW250F6, 738 Stanyl® TW271 F6 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW271 F6 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW271 F6, 738 Stanyl® TW271B3 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW271B3 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW271B3, 738 Stanyl® TW275F6 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW275F6 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW275F6, 738 Stanyl® TW341 (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW341 (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW341 B (dry), 631 Stanyl® TW341 B (cond.), 631 Stanyl® TW341 B, 738 Stanyl® TW341, 738 Stanyl® TW341-N (dry), 632 Stanyl® TW341-N (cond.), 632 Stanyl® TW341-N, 738 Stanyl® TW363 (cond.), 632 Stanyl® TW363 (dry), 632 Stanyl® TW363, 738 Stanyl® TW371 (cond.), 632 Stanyl® TW371 (dry), 632 Stanyl® TW371, 738 Stapron® E EM 605, 605, 726 Stress vs. strain curves, 11, 30, 32 breakpoint, 10 elastic limit, 10 proportional limit, 10 stress vs. strain behaviors, range, 12 tensile properties determined from, 12 ultimate strength, 10 yield point, 10

Mckeen_Index.indd 809

809

Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), 42, 55–61 chemical structure, 42 Styrene-Maleic Anhydride (SMA), 42, 78–82 production, 43 Styrenic blends, 43 and alloys, 85–95 Styrenic Blends/A. Schulman, 563–564, 694, 694–695 Styrenic Blends/BASF, 564–565, 695 Styrenic blends/Lanxess, 565–566, 695–696 Styrenic block copolymers (SBCs), 42–43, 83–85 “microscopic” structure, 43 styrenic plastics, 41–95 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 42 acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), 41–42, 51–55 blends, 43 polystyrene, 41, 44–50 styrene, chemical structure, 41 styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), 42 styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), 42 styrenic block copolymers (SBCs), 42–43 Styrenic plastics, 555–560, 688–696 Styrolux® 3G 46, 563, 694 Styrolux® 3G 46, 694 Styrolux® 3G 55, 563 Styrolux® 3G 55, 694 Styrolux® 656 C, 563 Styrolux® 656 C, 694 Styrolux® 684 D, 563 Styrolux® 684 D, 694 Styron 457, 556, 688 Styron 485, 556, 688 Styron 6335, 556, 688 Styron 634, 556, 688 Styron 637, 556, 688 Styron 648, 556, 689 Styron 660, 556, 689 Styron 678E, 556, 689 Styron 686E, 556, 689 Styron A-TECH 1120, 556, 689 Styron A-TECH 1175, 556, 689 Styron A-TECH 1200, 556, 689 Styron A-TECH 1400, 556 Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® 4800G charpy impact strength vs. temperature of, 519 dissipation factor vs. frequency of, 521 dissipation factor vs. temperature of, 521 volume resistivity vs. temperature of, 522 Sumitomo Chemical Sumika Excel® PES resin coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature of, 520 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 515 Technyl® alloy KC 216 V12 Black, 747 Technyl® alloy KC 216 (cond.), 655 Technyl® alloy KC 216 (dry), 655 Technyl® Alloy KC 216, 747

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810

Technyl® alloy KC 216V12 Black (cond.), 655 Technyl® alloy KC 216V12 Black (dry), 655 Technyl® Alloy KC 226 BLACK, 747 Technyl® alloy KC 226BLACK (cond.), 655 Technyl® alloy KC 226BLACK (dry), 655 Technyl® alloy KC 246BLACK (cond.), 655 Technyl® alloy KC 246BLACK (dry), 655 Tedur® L 9107-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9113-2, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9200-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9214-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9217-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9300-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9310-4, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9400-1, 682, 761 Tedur® L 9401-1, 682, 762 Tedur® L 9404-1, 682, 762 Tedur® L 9510-1, 682, 762 Tedur® L 9511, 682, 762 Tedur® L 9512, 682, 762 Tedur® L 9521-1, 683, 762 Tedur® L 9523, 683, 762 Tedur® L 9530, 683, 762 Tedur® L 9560, 683, 762 Tedur® P 9007, 683, 762 Teflon® FEP 3100, 676 Teflon® PFA 445 HP, 675 Teflon® 7A, 672 Teflon® 7B, 672 Teflon® 7C, 672 Teflon® 8, 672 Teflon® 850-A, 673 Teflon® 8A, 673 Teflon® 8B, 673 Teflon® C PFA 510, 675 Teflon® C PFA 560, 675 Teflon® C PFA 580, 675 Teflon® FEP 100, 676 Teflon® FEP 140, 676 Teflon® FEP 160, 676 Teflon® FEP 5100, 676 Teflon® FEP 6100, 676 Teflon® FEP CJ92, 677 Teflon® FEP CJ95, 677 Teflon® PFA 340, 675 Teflon® PFA 345, 675 Teflon® PFA 350, 675 Teflon® PFA 440 HP, 675 Teflon® PFA 450 HP, 675 Teflon® PFA 940 HPPlus, 675 Teflon® PFA 950 HPPlus, 675 Tefzel® 200, 677 Tefzel® 207, 677 Tefzel® 210, 677 Tefzel® 280, 678 Tefzel® 750, 678

Mckeen_Index.indd 810

Index

Tefzel® HT-2004, 678 Tefzel® HT-2127, 678 Tefzel® HT-2129, 678 Tefzel® HT-2160, 678 Tefzel® HT-2170, 678 Tefzel® HT-2181, 678 Tefzel® HT-2183, 678 Tefzel® HT-2185, 678 Tefzel® HT-2202, 678 Tensile testing, plastics, 7–12 ASTM D412-98a(2002)el, 7 ASTM D638-03, 7 ISO 37 Rubber, 7 ISO 527-1:1993 Plastics, 7 ISO 527-2:1993 Plastics, 7 standard elastomer tests, 8 standard electrical tests, 9 standard hardness tests, 9 standard impact tests, 9 standard mechanical tests, 8 standard thermal tests, 9 stress–strain curves, 11, see also Stress–strain curves Terblend® N NG 02 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NG 02 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NG 02, 695 Terblend® N NG 04 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NG 04 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NG 04, 695 Terblend® N NG-06 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NG-06 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NG-06, 695 Terblend® N NM-11 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NM-11 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NM-11, 695 Terblend® N NM-12 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NM-12 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NM-12, 695 Terblend® N NM-13, 695 Terblend® N NM-19 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NM-19 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NM-19, 695 Terblend® N NMX04 (cond), 565 Terblend® N NMX04 (dry), 565 Terblend® N NMX04, 695 Terephthalic acid (TPA), 248 Terephthalic acid, 244 Terluran® GP-22 tensile stress vs. strain for, 65 Terluran® GP-35 tensile stress vs. strain for, 66 Terpolymer, 2 Testing of plastics, 7–25 impact property testing, 14–16 mechanical property testing, 7–14, see also Mechanical property testing thermal property testing, 16–25

12/11/2007 6:27:24 PM

INDEX

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 447 Thermal methods of estimating Tg, 21–22 Thermal property testing of plastics, 16–25 coefficient of thermal expansion, 25 glass transition temperature (Tg), 19–22 heat deflection temperature (HDT), 17 melt flow index test, 18 melting point (Tm), 22–25 Vicat softening temperature (VST), 17–18 Thermal stability assessment, 27–29 Thermal tests, 9 Thermocomp® SF stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 266 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 267 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 268 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es), 420, 432–443 Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), 419–445 Thermoplastic elastomers, 666–670, 756–759 Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), 419–432 Thermoplastic UHMWPE, 382 Thermosets vs. thermoplastics, 3 Thermx® CG023NC010, 599 Thermx® CG033NC010, 599, 721 Thermx® CG043NC010, 599, 721 Thermx® CG923NC010, 599, 721 Thermx® CG933NC010, 599, 721 Thermx® CG943NC010T, 599 THV/Dyneon 3M, 679 Ticona Celanex® 2300 GV/30 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 160 Ticona Celanex® 2300 series shear modulus vs. temperature for, 168 Ticona Celanex® 2500 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 160 Ticona Celanex® PBT resins dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 183 Ticona Celanex®, see also individual entries flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 166 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 167 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 172 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 173 tensile stress at break vs. temperature for, 165 Ticona Celcon® M25 copolymer resin stress vs. strain for, 110 Ticona Celcon® M25/M90/M270 dielectric constant variation with temperature and frequency for, 127, 128 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 131 dissipation factor variation with temperature and frequency for, 129 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 114 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 117 Ticona Celcon® M270 stress vs. strain for, 111

Mckeen_Index.indd 811

811

Ticona Celcon® M90 stress vs. strain for, 111 elongation at break vs. temperature for, 125 linear thermal expansion vs. temperature for, 126 tensile yield strength vs. temperature for, 119 Ticona Fortron® 1140L4 dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of, 535 stress vs. strain at several temperatures of, 524 volume resistivity vs. temperature of, 536 Ticona Fortron® 6160B4 dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of, 535 Ticona Fortron® 6165A4 dissipation factor vs. frequency at several temperatures of, 536 Ticona Fortron® filled PPS resins tensile modulus vs. temperature of, 528 Ticona Fortron® glass fiber filled PPS resins flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 526 Ticona GUR® 4120, 403 coefficient of linear thermal expansion vs. temperature of, 403 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 401 Yield stress vs. temperature of, 402 Ticona GUR® UHMWPE resin heat capacity (enthalpy) vs. temperature of, 404 specific heat vs. temperature of, 404 Ticona Hostaform® acetal copolymer resins deformation vs. temperature for, 122 Izod notched impact strength vs. temperature for, 119 shear modulus vs. temperature for, 115, 116 work to damage vs. temperature for, 121 yield stress vs. temperature for, 118 Ticona Hostaform® C 9021 stress vs. strain for, 112 Ticona Hostaform® S acetal copolymer resins charpy notched impact strength vs. temperature for, 120 Ticona Hostform® C 9064 and S 9240 tensile modulus vs. temperature for, 117 Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/20 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for 184 Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/30 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 185 Ticona Impet® 2700 GV1/45 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 185 Ticona Impet® reinforced PET resins stress vs. strain at 23°C for several, 186 Ticona Topas® 5013, 6013, 6015 and 6017 COC resins elastic modulus vs. temperature of, 409 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 410 Ticona Topas® 6015 dielectric content vs. temperature of, 411 dissipation factor vs. temperature of, 412

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

812

Ticona Topas® COC resins glass transition temperature vs. norbornene content of, 411 shear modulus vs. temperature of, 410 stress vs. strain at 23°C of, 409 Ticona UHMWPE resin elongation at break vs. temperature of, 402 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 401 Ticona Vandar® flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 207, 208 Ticona Vandar® 2100 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 205 Ticona Vandar® polyester alloy/blend resins shear modulus vs. temperature for, 209 stress vs. strain at 23°C for, 205 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 211 Ticona Vectra® A130 enthalpy vs. temperature of, 200 specific heat vs. temperature of, 201 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 194, 195 Ticona Vectra® A530 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 195 Ticona Vectra® A950 LCP chemical structure, 152 Ticona Vectra® E130 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 196 Ticona Vectra® E820iP dielectric constant vs. temperature of, 202 Ticona Vectra® H140 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 196 Ticona Vectra® L130 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 197 Ticona Vectra® LCPs dielectric constant vs. frequency at, 202 shear modulus vs. temperature of various, 199 thermal conductivity vs. temperature of various, 201 Time dependent behavior, in plastics designing, 33 Toray Plastics Toyolac™ 100 tensile stress vs. strain for, 67 Toray Plastics Toyolac™ 500 tensile stress vs. strain for, 68 Toray Plastics Toyolac™ ABS resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 69 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 72 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 74 modulus of bending elasticity vs. temperature for, 70 Rockwell hardness vs. temperature for, 75 surface resistivity vs. relative humidity for, 78 tensile strength at break vs. temperature for, 73 tensile strength at yield vs. temperature for, 73 Toray Plastics Toyolac™ transparent ABS resins Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 75 Toray Plastics Tyolac™ ABS resins Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 74 Toray Resin Company Amilan® CM2001

Mckeen_Index.indd 812

Index

Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 314 tensile yield strength vs. temperature for, 314 Toray Resin Company Torelina® A504 compressive strength vs. temperature of, 531 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 527 shear strength vs. temperature of, 530 Toray Resin Company Torelina® PPS resins flexural strength vs. temperature of, 529 notched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of, 532 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 531 unnotched Izod impact strength vs. temperature of, 532 Toray Siveras® L204G35 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 198 flexural strength vs. temperature of, 199 Toray Toraycon® dielectric constant vs. temperature for, 181 dissipation factor vs. temperature for, 182 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 167 flexural strength vs. temperature for, 173 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 178 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 176 Torlon® PAI resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 227 flexural strength vs. temprature for, 228 moisture absorption vs. relative humidity for, 229 stress vs. strain at 135°C for, 227 stress vs. strain at 23°C for, 226 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 228 Torlon® 4203L, 730 Torlon® 4275, 730 Torlon® 4301, 730 Torlon® 4435, 730 Torlon® 5030, 730 Torlon® 7130, 730 Tougheners, 5–6, 30 Toughness, plastics designing and, 29–35 TPE/DSM, 666–668, 756–758 TPE/DuPont, 666, 756 Triax® 1120 (cond.), 565 Triax® 1120 (dry), 565 Triax® 1120, 695 Triax® 1220 S (cond.), 566 Triax® 1220 S (dry), 566 Triax® 1220 S, 696 Triax® 1315 GF (cond.), 566 Triax® 1315 GF (dry), 566 Triax® 1315 GF, 696 Triax® DP 3155 (cond.), 566 Triax® DP 3155 (dry), 566 Triax® DP 3155, 696 Triax® KU2- 3050 (dry), 566 Triax® KU2-3050 (cond.), 566 Triax® KU2-3050, 696 Trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 216

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

INDEX

Tyril 100, 559, 691 Tyril 125, 559, 691 Tyril 790, 559, 691 Tyril 867 EUV, 559, 691 Tyril 867E, 559, 691 Tyril 880, 559, 691 Tyril 880B, 559, 691 Tyril 905 UV, 559, 691 Tyril 905, 559, 691 Tyril 990, 559 Ube Industries Upitol® SA 101 PI, 234 flexural strength vs. temperature, 235 Udel GF-110, 685, 764 Udel GF-120, 685, 764 Udel GF-130, 685, 764 Udel P-1700, 685, 764 Udel P-1720, 685, 764 Udel P-3500, 685, 764 Udel P-3703, 685 Uhmwpe/Ticona, 659 UL 746B relative temperature index test, 27 Ultem® 1000 moisture absorption vs. relative humidity of, 224 pressure–specific volume–temperature (PVT) of, 223 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 217 stress vs. strain in compression of, 221 Ultem® 1000, 609, 729 Ultem® 1010, 609, 729 Ultem® 1100, 609, 729 Ultem® 1110, 609, 729 Ultem® 1285, 609, 729 Ultem® 2100 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 218 Ultem® 2100, 609, 729 Ultem® 2110, 609, 729 Ultem® 2200 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 218 Ultem® 2200, 610, 729 Ultem® 2210, 610, 729 Ultem® 2212, 610, 729 Ultem® 2300 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 219 Ultem® 2300, 610, 729 Ultem® 2310, 610, 729 Ultem® 2312, 610, 729 Ultem® 2400 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 219 Ultem® 2400, 610, 729 Ultem® 2410, 610, 729 Ultem® 2412EPR, 610, 729 Ultem® 3452 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 220 Ultem® 3452, 610, 729 Ultem® 4000 stress vs. strain at various temperatures of, 220

Mckeen_Index.indd 813

813

Ultem® 4000, 610, 729 Ultem® 4001, 610, 729 Ultem® 4002, 610, 729 Ultem® 9011, 610, 729 Ultem® 9070, 610 Ultem® 9075, 610 Ultem® 9076, 610 Ultem® CRS5001, 610, 729 Ultem® CRS5011, 610, 729 Ultem® CRS5201, 610, 729 Ultem® CRS5311, 610, 730 Ultem® DT1800E, 611, 730 Ultem® DT1810E, 611, 730 Ultem® EXUM0169, 611, 730 Ultem® LTX300A, 611, 730 Ultem® LTX931A, 611 Ultem® MD130A, 611, 730 Ultem® PEI resins, see also individual entries dielectric constant vs. frequency and temperature of, 224 dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency of, 225 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of, 225 flexural modulus vs. temperature of, 222 shear modulus vs. temperature of several, 222 stress vs. strain at 23°C of several, 221 tensile strength vs. temperature of several, 223 Ultem® XH6050, 611, 730 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), 382, 401–404 Ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), 379 Ultradur® B 2550, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4030G6, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4040 G10, 726 Ultradur® B 4040 G2, 726 Ultradur® B 4040 G4, 726 Ultradur® B 4040 G6, 726 Ultradur® B 4300 GM42, 717 Ultradur® B 4300G10, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300G2, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300G3, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300G4, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300G6, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300K4, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4300K6, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4400G5, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4406 G4 Q113, 726 Ultradur® B 4406 G4, 717 Ultradur® B 4406 G6 Q113, 726 Ultradur® B 4406 G6, 717 Ultradur® B 4406, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4406G2, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4406G4, 593 Ultradur® B 4406G6, 593 Ultradur® B 4500, 593, 717

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

814

Ultradur® B 4520, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 4520Z2, 593, 717 Ultradur® B 6550 L, 594 Ultradur® B 6550 N, 594 Ultradur® B 6550, 594 Ultradur® B 6550LN, 594 Ultradur® B4040 G10, 606 Ultradur® B4040 G2, 606 Ultradur® B4040 G4, 606 Ultradur® B4040 G6, 606 Ultradur® B4406 G4 Q113, 606 Ultradur® B4406 G6 Q113, 606 Ultradur® KR 4001, 594 Ultradur® S4090 G2, 606, 726 Ultradur® S4090 G4, 606, 726 Ultradur® S4090 G4X, 606, 726 Ultradur® S4090 G6, 607, 726 Ultradur® S4090 G6X, 607, 727 Ultradur®S 4090 GX, 607, 727 Ultramid® 1C (cond.), 644 Ultramid® 1C (dry), 644 Ultramid® 1C, 743 Ultramid® 8200 (cond.), 614 Ultramid® 8200 (dry), 614 Ultramid® 8200 HS BK-102 (dry), 614 Ultramid® 8200 HS BK-102, 732 Ultramid® 8200, 731 Ultramid® 8202 (cond.), 614 Ultramid® 8202 (dry), 614 Ultramid® 8202 HS (cond.), 614 Ultramid® 8202 HS (dry), 614 Ultramid® 8202 HS, 732 Ultramid® 8202, 732 Ultramid® 8202C (dry), 614 Ultramid® 8202C HS BK-102, 732 Ultramid® 8202C HSBK-102 (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8202C HSBK-102 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8202C (cond.), 614 Ultramid® 8202C, 732 Ultramid® 8231G HS (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8231G HS (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8231G HS, 732 Ultramid® 8233G HS (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8233G HS (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8233G HS, 732 Ultramid® 8253 HS (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8253 HS (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8253 HS, 732 Ultramid® 8254 HS BK 102, 732 Ultramid® 8254 HS BK102 (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8254 HS BK102 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8255 HS (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8260 (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8260 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8260, 732 Ultramid® 8262G HS BK-102, 732

Mckeen_Index.indd 814

Index

Ultramid® 8262G HSBK-102 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8266G HS BK102, 732 Ultramid® 8266G HSBK-102 (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8266G HSBK-102 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8267G HS BK-102, 732 Ultramid® 8267G HSBK-102 (cond.), 615 Ultramid® 8267G HSBK-102 (dry), 615 Ultramid® 8272G HS BK-102, 732 Ultramid® 8272G HSBK-102 (cond.), 616 Ultramid® 8272G HSBK-102 (dry), 616 Ultramid® 8333G HI (cond.), 616 Ultramid® 8333G HI (dry), 616 Ultramid® 8333G HI, 732 Ultramid® 8350 HS (cond.), 616 Ultramid® 8350 HS (dry), 616 Ultramid® 8350 HS, 732 Ultramid® 8351 HS BK-102 (dry), 616 Ultramid® 8351 HS BK-102, 732 Ultramid® A3 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG10 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3EG10 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG10, 741 Ultramid® A3EG5 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG5 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3EG5, 741 Ultramid® A3EG6 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG6 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3EG6, 741 Ultramid® A3EG7 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG7 Q206 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3EG7 Q206, 741 Ultramid® A3EG7 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3EG7, 741 Ultramid® A3HG5 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3HG5 (cond.), 640 Ultramid® A3HG5, 741 Ultramid® A3HG6 HR bk 23591, 741 Ultramid® A3HG6 HRbk 23591 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3HG6 HRbk 23591 (dry), 640 Ultramid® A3HG7 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3HG7 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3HG7, 741 Ultramid® A3K (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3K (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3K Q202 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3K Q202, 741 Ultramid® A3K, 741 Ultramid® A3SK (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3SK (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3SK Q202 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3SK Q202, 741 Ultramid® A3SK, 741 Ultramid® A3W (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3W (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3W, 741

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

INDEX

Ultramid® A3WG10 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3WG10 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3WG10, 741 Ultramid® A3WG3 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3WG3 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3WG3, 741 Ultramid® A3WG5 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3WG5 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3WG5, 741 Ultramid® A3WG6 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3WG6 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3WG6, 741 Ultramid® A3WG7 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3WG7 (cond.), 641 Ultramid® A3WG7, 742 Ultramid® A3WGM53 bk 20560, 742 Ultramid® A3WGM53bk 20560 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3WGM53bk 20560 (dry), 641 Ultramid® A3X2G10 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G10 (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G10, 742 Ultramid® A3X2G5 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G5 (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G7 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G7 (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3X2G7, 742 Ultramid® A3X3G5 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3X3G5 (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3X3G5, 742 Ultramid® A3XZG5 (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3XZG5 (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3XZG5, 742 Ultramid® A3Z (cond.), 642 Ultramid® A3Z (dry), 642 Ultramid® A3Z, 742 Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk 20591, 742 Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk20591 (cond.), 643 Ultramid® A3ZG6 bk20591 (dry), 643 Ultramid® A4 (cond.), 643 Ultramid® A4 (dry), 643 Ultramid® A4H (cond.), 643 Ultramid® A4H (dry), 643 Ultramid® B3 (cond.), 616 Ultramid® B3 (dry), 616 Ultramid® B32 (cond.), 616 Ultramid® B32 (dry), 616 Ultramid® B32 Q128 (cond.), 616 Ultramid® B32 Q128 (dry), 616 Ultramid® B32 Q128, 732 Ultramid® B35 (cond.), 616 Ultramid® B35 (dry), 616 Ultramid® B35EG3 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B35EG3 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B35EG3, 732 Ultramid® B35F (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B35F (dry), 617

Mckeen_Index.indd 815

815

Ultramid® B35G3 bk 564, 732 Ultramid® B35G3 bk564 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B35G3 bk564 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B36FN Q99 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B36FN Q99 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3EG3 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3EG3 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3EG3, 732 Ultramid® B3EG5 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3EG5 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3EG5, 732 Ultramid® B3EG6 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3EG6 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3EG6, 732 Ultramid® B3G8 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3G8 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3G8, 732 Ultramid® B3GK24 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3GK24 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3GK24, 732 Ultramid® B3GM35 bk 30564, 732 Ultramid® B3GM35 bk30564 (cond.), 618 Ultramid® B3GM35 bk30564 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3GM35 Q224, 733 Ultramid® B3GM35 Q611, 733 Ultramid® B3GM35 (cond.), 617 Ultramid® B3GM35 (dry), 617 Ultramid® B3GM35Q224 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3GM35Q611 (cond.), 618 Ultramid® B3GM35Q611 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3K (cond.), 618 Ultramid® B3K (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3K, 733 Ultramid® B3L (cond.), 618 Ultramid® B3L (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3L Q235 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3L Q235, 733 Ultramid® B3L, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 bk 30564, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 bk 60564, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 bk30564 (cond.), 618 Ultramid® B3M6 bk30564 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3M6 bk60564 (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3M6 LS (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3M6 LS (dry), 618 Ultramid® B3M6 LS, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 Q252 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3M6 Q252, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 Q256 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3M6 Q256, 733 Ultramid® B3M6 Q94 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3M6 Q94 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3M6 Q94, 733 Ultramid® B3S (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3S (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3S, 733

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

816

Ultramid® B3UG4 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3UG4 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3UG4, 733 Ultramid® B3WG10 bk 564, 733 Ultramid® B3WG10 bk564 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3WG10 bk564 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3WG5 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3WG5 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3WG5, 733 Ultramid® B3WG6 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3WG6 BGVW bk 564, 733 Ultramid® B3WG6 GP bk 23210, 733 Ultramid® B3WG6 GPbk 23210 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3WG6 GPbk 23210 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3WG6 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3WG6, 733 Ultramid® B3WG6BGVW bk 564 (cond.), 619 Ultramid® B3WG6BGVW bk 564 (dry), 619 Ultramid® B3WG7 (dry), 620 Ultramid® B3WG7 (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B3WG7, 733 Ultramid® B3Z Q263 (dry), 620 Ultramid® B3Z Q263, 733 Ultramid® B3ZG3 (dry), 620 Ultramid® B3ZG3 (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B3ZG3, 733 Ultramid® B3ZG6 (dry), 620 Ultramid® B3ZG6 (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B3ZG6, 733 Ultramid® B3ZG8 bk 20560, 733 Ultramid® B4F (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B4F (dry), 620 Ultramid® B5 (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B5 (dry), 620 Ultramid® B5W (cond.), 620 Ultramid® B5W (dry), 620 Ultramid® BG40GM45 HS BK-130, 733 Ultramid® BG40GM45HS BK-130 (dry), 620 Ultramid® C35 (cond.), 644 Ultramid® C35 (dry), 644 Ultramid® C3U (cond.), 644 Ultramid® C3U (dry), 644 Ultramid® C3U, 743 Ultramid® CC4, 743 Ultramid® HMG13 HS BK-102, 733 Ultramid® HMG13 HSBK-102 (cond.), 620 Ultramid® HMG13 HSBK-102 (dry), 620 Ultramid® HPN 9350 HS, 733 Ultramid® HPN 9350HS (dry), 621 Ultramid® HPN 9362 (cond.), 621 Ultramid® HPN 9362 (dry), 621 Ultramid® SEGM35HI BK-126, 733 Ultramid® SEGM35HIBK-126 (dry), 621 Ultrason® E 1010 NAT, 761 Ultrason® E 1010NAT (cond.), 681 Ultrason® E 1010NAT (dry), 681

Mckeen_Index.indd 816

Index

Ultrason® E 2010 G4 UN, 761 Ultrason® E 2010 G6 UN, 761 Ultrason® E 2010 NAT, 761 Ultrason® E 2010G4 UN (cond.), 681 Ultrason® E 2010G4 UN (dry), 681 Ultrason® E 2010G6 UN (cond.), 681 Ultrason® E 2010G6 UN (dry), 681 Ultrason® E 2010NAT (cond.), 681 Ultrason® E 2010NAT (dry), 681 Ultrason® E 3010 NAT, 761 Ultrason® E 3010NAT (cond.), 681 Ultrason® E 3010NAT (dry), 681 Ultrason® S 2010 dielectric constant vs. temperature and frequency of, 549 dissipation factor vs. temperature and frequency of, 550 Ultrason® S 2010 G4 UN, 763 Ultrason® S 2010 G6 UN, 763 Ultrason® S 2010 NAT, 763 Ultrason® S 2010G4 UN (cond.), 685 Ultrason® S 2010G4 UN (dry), 685 Ultrason® S 2010G6 UN (cond.), 685 Ultrason® S 2010G6 UN (dry), 685 Ultrason® S 2010NAT (cond.), 685 Ultrason® S 2010NAT (dry), 685 Ultrason® S 3010 NAT, 764 Ultrason® S 3010NAT (cond.), 685 Ultrason® S 3010NAT (dry), 685 Urethanes, 419 UV stabilizers, 6 Valox®, see also individual entries dielectric strength vs. temperature for, 182 Valox® 310-SEO stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 163 Valox® 325 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 164 Valox® 420 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 164 Valox® 420SEO volume resistivity vs. temperature for, 184 Valox® DR-51 stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 165 Valox® PBT resins dielectric constant vs. frequency at 23°C for, 180 dielectric strength vs. thickness for, 183 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 168 Izod impact strength vs. temperature for, 178 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 177 Vandar 2100, 608, 728 Vandar 2100UV, 608, 728 Vandar 2122, 608, 728 Vandar 2500, 608, 728 Vandar 4602Z, 608, 728 Vandar 4612R, 608, 728

12/11/2007 6:27:25 PM

INDEX

Vandar 4632Z, 608, 728 Vandar 4662Z, 609, 728 Vandar 6000, 609, 728 Vandar 8000, 609, 728 Vectra A115, 600, 722 Vectra A130, 600, 722 Vectra A150, 600, 722 Vectra A230, 600, 722 Vectra A410, 600, 722 Vectra A430, 600, 722 Vectra A435, 600, 722 Vectra A515, 600, 722 Vectra A530, 600, 722 Vectra A625, 601, 722 Vectra A700, 601, 722 Vectra A725, 601, 722 Vectra A950, 601, 722 Vectra B130, 601, 722 Vectra B230, 601, 723 Vectra C115, 601, 723 Vectra C130, 601, 723 Vectra C150, 601, 723 Vectra C550, 601, 723 Vectra C810, 601, 723 Vectra D130M, 601, 723 Vectra E130i, 601, 723 Vectra E471i, 601, 723 Vectra E480i, 723 Vectra E530i, 601, 723 Vectra E540i, 601, 723 Vectra E820i Pd, 601, 723 Vectra E820i, 601, 723 Vectra H130, 601, 723 Vectra H140, 601, 723 Vectra L130, 601, 723 Vectra L140, 601, 723 Vectra MT1300, 601, 723 Vectra MT1305, 723 Vectra MT1310, 723 Vectra MT1335, 601, 723 Vectra MT1340, 601, 723 Vectra MT1345, 601, 723 Vectra MT1355, 602 Vectra MT2310, 602, 723 Vectra MT2355, 602 Vectra MT3310, 602, 723 Vectra MT4310, 723 Vectra MT4350, 602, 723 Vectra S135, 724 Vectra T130, 602, 724 Vectra V100P, 602, 724 Vectra V140, 728 Vectra V143XL, 728 Vectra V300P, 602, 724 Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), 380 Vespel® SP1 DF, 730

Mckeen_Index.indd 817

817

Vespel® SP21, 730 Vespel® SP211, 730 Vespel® SP22, 730 Vespel® SP3, 730 Vespel® ST-2010, 730 Vespel® ST-2030, 730 Vestakeep 4000 G nf, 760 Vestakeep 4000CF30 nf, 680, 760 Vestakeep 4000FC30 nf, 680, 760 Vestakeep 4000GF30 nf, 680, 760 Vestakeep 4000nf, 680 Vestamid E40-S3 nf (dry), 669 Vestamid E40-S3 nf, 758 Vestamid E40-S3nf (cond.), 669 Vestamid E47-S3 nf, 669, 758 Vestamid E55-S3 nf, 670, 758 Vestamid E62-S3 nf (cond.), 670 Vestamid E62-S3 nf (dry), 670 Vestamid E62-S3 nf, 758 Vestamid L1670 nf, 623 Vestamid L1670 nf, 734 Vestamid L1723 sw (cond.), 623 Vestamid L1723 sw (dry), 623 Vestamid L1723 sw, 734 Vestamid L1833 nf (dry), 623 Vestamid L1833 nf (cond.), 623 Vestamid L1833 nf, 734 Vestamid L1930 nf, 623 Vestamid L1930 nf, 734 Vestamid L1940 nf, 623 Vestamid L1940 nf, 734 Vestamid L2101 F nf (cond.), 623 Vestamid L2101 F nf (dry), 623 Vestamid L2101 F nf, 734 Vestamid L2106F nf (cond.), 623 Vestamid L2106F nf (dry), 623 Vestamid L2106F nf, 734 Vestamid L2121 nf, 624, 734 Vestamid L2121 sw 9.7507, 734 Vestamid L2121 sw9.7507 (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2121 sw9.7507 (dry), 624 Vestamid L2122 nf (dry), 624 Vestamid L2122 nf (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2122 nf, 735 Vestamid L2122 sw9.7507, 624, 735 Vestamid L2123 nf (dry), 624 Vestamid L2123 nf (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2123 nf, 735 Vestamid L2123 sw9.7507 (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2123 sw9.7507 (dry), 624 Vestamid L2124 nf (dry), 624 Vestamid L2124 nf (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2124 nf, 735 Vestamid L2124 sw 9.7507, 735 Vestamid L2124 sw9.7507 (cond.), 624 Vestamid L2124 sw9.7507 (dry), 624

12/11/2007 6:27:26 PM

818

Vestamid L2128 nf (dry), 625 Vestamid L2128 nf (cond.), 625 Vestamid L2128 nf, 735 Vestamid L2140 nf, 625 Vestamid L2140 nf, 735 Vestamid L2140 sw 9.7504, 735 Vestamid L2140 sw9.7504 (cond.), 625 Vestamid L2140 sw9.7504 (dry), 625 Vestamid L2141 sw 9.7504, 735 Vestamid L2141 sw9.7504 (cond.), 625 Vestamid L2141 sw9.7504 (dry), 625 Vestamid L-CD22-M sw, 735 Vestamid L-CD22-M (cond.), 625 Vestamid L-CD22-M (dry), 625 Vestamid L-CF15 sw (dry), 625 Vestamid L-CF15 sw, 735 Vestamid L-GB30 nf (cond.), 625 Vestamid L-GB30 nf (dry), 625 Vestamid L-GB30 nf, 735 Vestamid L-GF15 nf (dry), 625 Vestamid L-GF15 nf, 735 Vestamid L-GF30 nf (cond.), 625 Vestamid L-GF30 nf (dry), 625 Vestamid L-GF30 nf, 735 Vestamid L-R1-MHI sw, 625, 735 Vestamid L-R2-GF25sw, 625, 735 Vestamid L-R3-EI sw (dry), 625 Vestamid L-R3-EI sw, 735 Vestamid L-R3-EP sw (cond.), 626 Vestamid L-R3-EP sw (dry), 626 Vestamid L-R3-EP sw, 735 Vestamid L-R3-MHI sw, 626, 735 Vestamid L-R4-MHI sw, 626, 735 Vestamid L-R7-MHI sw (cond.), 626 Vestamid L-R7-MHI sw (dry), 626 Vestamid L-R9-MHI sw, 626, 735 Vestamid LX9013nf, 626, 735 Vestamid X7166 nf, 626, 735 Vestamid X7167 nf, 626, 735 Vestamid X7229 nf, 626, 735 Vestamid X7293 nf, 626, 735 Vestamid X7293 sw, 626, 735 Vestamid X7373 nf, 626, 735 Vestoran 1900 nf, 574, 702 Vestoran 1900 sw, 574, 702 Vestoran 1900-GF20 sw, 574, 702 Vestoran X4893 sw, 574, 702 Vestoran X7342 nf, 574, 702 Vestoran X9801 sw, 574 Vicat softening temperature (VST), 17–18 Vicat test, 28 Victrex® 150CA30, 680, 760 Victrex® 150FC30, 680, 760 Victrex® 150G, 680, 760 Victrex® 150GL30, 680, 760 Victrex® 381G, 680, 760

Mckeen_Index.indd 818

Index

Victrex® 450CA30, 680, 760 Victrex® 450FC30, 681, 760 Victrex® 450G, 680, 760 Victrex® 450GL30, 680, 760 Victrex® HT G22, 681 Victrex® HTG22CA30, 681 Victrex® HTG22GL30, 681 Victrex® PEEK resins falling weight impact failure energy vs. temperature of, 511 flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 505, 506, 507 flexural strength vs. temperature of different fiber-filled, 509 stress vs. strain at 23°C of various, 505 tensile strength vs. temperature of, 510 Yield stress vs. temperature of, 511 Victrex® TF-60V, 680 Victrex® TL-60, 680 Victrex® TU-60, 680 Vinyl chloride, 379 Voltalef 302, 672 WS10/1570, 702 Xantar® 18 R, 586, 711 Xantar® 18 SR D, 586, 711 Xantar® 18 UR, 586, 711 Xantar® 19 R, 586, 711 Xantar® 19 SR D, 586, 711 Xantar® 19 UR, 586, 711 Xantar® 22 R, 586, 711 Xantar® 22 SR FD, 586, 711 Xantar® 22 UR, 586, 711 Xantar® 23 R, 586 Xantar® 23 UR, 587 Xantar® 24 R, 587, 711 Xantar® 24 SR D, 587, 711 Xantar® 24 UR, 587, 711 Xantar® 25 R, 587, 711 Xantar® 25 SR D, 587 Xantar® 25 SR D, 711 Xantar® 25 U, 587, 711 Xantar® 25 UR, 587, 711 Xantar® 27 R, 587, 711 Xantar® 27 SR D, 587, 711 Xantar® 27 U, 587, 711 Xantar® 27 UR, 587, 711 Xantar® C CE 407, 605, 726 Xantar® C CF 107, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 206, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 206U, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 406 FD, 726 Xantar® C CM 406, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 406FD, 605 Xantar® C CM 406U, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 506 U, 726

12/11/2007 6:27:26 PM

INDEX

Xantar® C CM 506, 605, 726 Xantar® C CM 506U, 605 Xantar® C MC 3433, 726 Xantar® C MC 3700, 726 Xantar® C MC3433, 606 Xantar® C MC3700, 606 Xantar® C RC 3012, 606 Xantar® F 22 R, 711 Xantar® F 22 UR, 711 Xantar® F 23 R, 711 Xantar® F 23 UR, 711 Xantar® F 25 R, 711 Xantar® F 25 UR, 711 Xantar® FC 19 R, 606, 711 Xantar® FC 19 UR, 606, 711 Xantar® FC 22 R, 587, 711 Xantar® FC 22 UR, 587, 712 Xantar® FC 23 R, 587, 712 Xantar® FC 23 UR, 587, 712 Xantar® FC 25 R, 587, 712 Xantar® FC 25 UR, 587, 712 Xantar® G2 23 R, 587 Xantar® G2 23 UR, 587 Xantar® G2F 23 R, 712 Xantar® G2F 23 UR, 712 Xantar® G4 22 R, 587 Xantar® G4 23 R, 587 Xantar® G4 23 UR, 587 Xantar® G4 25 R, 587 Xantar® G4 25 UR, 587 Xantar® G4F 22 R, 712 Xantar® G4F 22UR, 587, 712 Xantar® G4F 23 R, 712 Xantar® G4F 23 UR, 712 Xantar® G4F 25 R, 712 Xantar® G4F 25 UR, 712 Xantar® G6 23 R, 587 Xantar® G6 23 UR, 587 Xantar® G6F 23 R, 712 Xantar® G6F 23 UR, 712 Xantar® G8 23 R, 587 Xantar® G8 23 UR, 588 Xantar® G8F 23 R, 712 Xantar® G8F 23 UR, 712 Xantar® MX 1000, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1001, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1002, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1004, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1020, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1021 D, 712 Xantar® MX 1021, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1061, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1081, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1082, 588, 712 Xantar® MX 1094, 588, 713 Xantar® MX 2015, 588, 713

Mckeen_Index.indd 819

819

Xantar® MX 2021, 588, 713 Xantar® MX 2032, 588, 713 Xantar® MX 2034, 713 Xantar® MX 2042 D, 713 Xantar® MX1021 D, 588 Xantar® MX2042 D, 588 Xantar® RX 1045, 588, 713 Xenoy® PBT/PC alloy polyester alloy/blend resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 208, 209 Xydar G-430, 602, 724 Xydar G-930, 602, 724 Xydar M-345, 602, 724 Zenite® 5145LBK010, 599, 722 Zenite® 6130BK010, 599, 722 Zenite® 6130LXBK010, 599, 722 Zenite® 6140LBK010, 599, 722 Zenite® 6330BK010, 600, 722 Zenite® 6635 BK010, 722 Zenite® 7130BK010, 600, 722 Zenite® 7145LBK010, 600, 722 Zenite® 9140HTNC010, 600, 722 Zenite® ZE16130ABK010, 600, 722 Zenite® ZE16401BK010, 600, 722 Zenite® ZE17101 BK010, 722 Zenite® ZE55201 BK010, 722 Zytel® 101 NC001 (dry), 633 Zytel® 101 NC001 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 101 NC001, 739 Zytel® 101F BKB009, 739 Zytel® 101F NC010 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 101F NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 101F NC010, 739 Zytel® 101L BKB038, 739 Zytel® 101L NC010 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 101L NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 101L NC010, 739 Zytel® 103FHS BKB009, 739 Zytel® 103FHS NC010 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 103FHS NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 103FHS NC010, 739 Zytel® 103HSL BKB038, 739 Zytel® 103HSL NC010 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 103HSL NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 103HSL NC010, 739 Zytel® 114HSL BK000, 739 Zytel® 132F NC010 (cond.), 633 Zytel® 132F NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 132F NC010, 739 Zytel® 135F NC010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 135F NC010 (dry), 633 Zytel® 135F NC010, 739 Zytel® 145 BK010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 145 BK010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 145 BK010, 739 Zytel® 151 L NC010 (cond.), 643

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820

Zytel® 151 L NC010 (dry), 643 Zytel® 151 L NC010, 742 Zytel® 153HSL NC010 (cond.), 643 Zytel® 153HSL NC010 (dry), 643 Zytel® 153HSL NC010, 742 Zytel® 157HSL BK010 (cond.), 643 Zytel® 157HSL BK010 (dry), 643 Zytel® 157HSL BK010, 742 Zytel® 158 NC010 (dry), 643 Zytel® 158 NC010 (cond.), 643 Zytel® 158 NC010, 742 Zytel® 158L NC010 (cond.), 644 Zytel® 158L NC010 (dry), 644 Zytel® 158L NC010, 742 Zytel® 159 NC010 (dry), 644 Zytel® 159 NC010, 742 Zytel® 159L NC010, 742 Zytel® 350PHS2 NC010, 742 Zytel® 350PHS2NC010 (dry) 644 Zytel® 42A NC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 42A NC010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 42A NC010, 739 Zytel® 450HSLX 52 BK1, 739 Zytel® 45HSB NC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 45HSB NC010, 739 Zytel® 70G series PA66 resins tensile strength vs. fiber glass content of, 301 Zytel® 70G13HS1L BK031, 739 Zytel® 70G13HS1L NC010, 739 Zytel® 70G13HS1LNC010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 70G13HS1LNC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 70G13L NC010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 70G13L NC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 70G13L NC010, 739 Zytel® 70G25HSLR BK099, 739 Zytel® 70G25HSLR NC010, 739 Zytel® 70G25HSLRNC010 (cond.), 634 Zytel® 70G25HSLRNC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 70G30HSL BK039B, 739 Zytel® 70G30HSLR BK099, 739 Zytel® 70G30HSLR NC010, 739 Zytel® 70G30HSLRNC010 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G30HSLRNC010 (dry), 634 Zytel® 70G30HSR2 BK309, 740 Zytel® 70G30HSR2BK309 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G30HSR2BK309 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G30L NC010 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G30L NC010 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G30L NC010, 740 Zytel® 70G33GRABK350 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G33GRABK350 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G33HS1LNC010 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G33HS1LNC010 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G33L BK031, 740 Zytel® 70G33L NC010 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G33L NC010 (dry), 635

Mckeen_Index.indd 820

Index

Zytel® 70G33L NC010, 740 Zytel® 70G35HSL BK039B, 740 Zytel® 70G35HSL NC010, 740 Zytel® 70G35HSLNC010 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G35HSLNC010 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4 BK267, 740 Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4BK267 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G35HSLRA4BK267 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G35HSLX BK357, 740 Zytel® 70G35HSLXBK357 (cond.), 635 Zytel® 70G35HSLXBK357 (dry), 635 Zytel® 70G43HSLA BK099, 740 Zytel® 70G43HSLABK099 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 70G43HSLABK099 (dry), 636 Zytel® 70G43L NC010 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 70G43L NC010 (dry), 636 Zytel® 70G43L NC010, 740 Zytel® 70G50HSLA BK039B, 740 Zytel® 70G60HSL BK359, 740 Zytel® 70G60HSLBK359 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 70G60HSLBK359 (dry), 636 Zytel® 70K20HSL BK284, 740 Zytel® 70K20HSL NC010, 740 Zytel® 70K20HSLBK284 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 70K20HSLBK284 (dry), 636 Zytel® 7301J NC010, 731 Zytel® 7331T NC010A (cond.), 612 Zytel® 7331T NC010A (dry), 612 Zytel® 7331T NC010A, 731 Zytel® 7335F NC010, 731 Zytel® 73G15HSL BK363, 731 Zytel® 73G15HSLBK363 (cond.), 612 Zytel® 73G15HSLBK363 (dry), 612 Zytel® 73G15L NC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G15L NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G15L NC010, 731 Zytel® 73G15THSL BK240, 731 Zytel® 73G15THSLBK240 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G15THSLBK240 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G20L NC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G20L NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G30HSL BK261, 731 Zytel® 73G30HSL BK416, 731 Zytel® 73G30HSL NC010, 731 Zytel® 73G30HSLNC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G30HSLNC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G30L NC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G30L NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G30L NC010, 731 Zytel® 73G30T NC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G30T NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G30T NC010, 731 Zytel® 73G35HSL BK262, 731 Zytel® 73G45L NC010 (cond.), 613 Zytel® 73G45L NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® 73G45L NC010, 731

12/11/2007 6:27:26 PM

INDEX

Zytel® 74G20HSLNC010 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 74G20HSLNC010 (dry), 636 Zytel® 74G30L NC010 (cond.), 636 Zytel® 74G30L NC010 (dry), 636 Zytel® 75LG40HSLBK031 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 75LG40HSLBK031 (dry), 636 Zytel® 75LG40L NC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 75LG50HSLBK031 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 75LG50HSLBK031 (dry), 637 Zytel® 75LG50L NC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 75LG60HSLBK031 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 75LG60HSLBK031 (dry), 637 Zytel® 75LG60L NC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 77G33HS1L NC010, 742 Zytel® 77G33L BK031, 742 Zytel® 77G33L NC010 (cond.), 644 Zytel® 77G33L NC010 (dry), 644 Zytel® 77G33L NC010, 742 Zytel® 77G43L BK031, 742 Zytel® 77G43L NC010 (cond.), 644 Zytel® 77G43L NC010 (dry), 644 Zytel® 77G43L NC010, 742 Zytel® 80G14AHS NC010, 740 Zytel® 80G14AHSNC010 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 80G14AHSNC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 80G14ANC010A (dry), 637 Zytel® 80G25HS NC010, 740 Zytel® 80G25HSNC010 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 80G25HSNC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 80G33HS1LNC010 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 80G33HS1LNC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 80G33L NC010 (cond.), 637 Zytel® 80G33L NC010 (dry), 637 Zytel® 80G33L NC010, 740 Zytel® 80G43HS1L BK104, 740 Zytel® 80G43HS1LBK104 (dry), 638 Zytel® BK26273G35HSL (cond.), 613 Zytel® BK26273G35HSL (dry), 613 Zytel® BM73G15THS BK31, 7317 Zytel® BM73G15THSBK317 (cond.), 613 Zytel® BM73G15THSBK317 (dry), 613 Zytel® CDV595 BK409, 740 Zytel® CDV805 BK409, 740 Zytel® CDV808 BK409, 740 Zytel® CFE8005HSBK010 (cond.), 638 Zytel® CFE8005HSBK010 (dry), 638 Zytel® E51 HSB NC010 (cond.), 638 Zytel® E51 HSB NC010 (dry), 638 Zytel® E51 HSB NC010, 740 Zytel® EFE1068 NC010T, 740 Zytel® EFE1068NC010T (cond.), 638 Zytel® EFE1068NC010T (dry), 638 Zytel® EFE8089B BK416, 740 Zytel® EFE8089BBK416 (cond.), 638 Zytel® EFE8089BBK416 (dry), 638 Zytel® FE3071 NC010, 740

Mckeen_Index.indd 821

821

Zytel® FE3757 NC010, 740 Zytel® FE5480HS BK32N, 741 Zytel® FE5480HSBK32N (dry), 638 Zytel® FE5555 BK538 (dry), 638 Zytel® FE5555 BK538, 741 Zytel® FN714 NC010 (cond.), 638 Zytel® FN714 NC010 (dry), 638 Zytel® FN718 NC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® FN718 NC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® FN727 NC010 (cond.), 614 Zytel® FN727 NC010 (dry), 613 Zytel® FR50 NC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® FR50 NC010, 741 Zytel® FR7026V0F NC010, 741 Zytel® FR7026V0FNC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® FR7026V0FNC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® FR70M30V0 NC010, 741 Zytel® FR70M30V0NC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® FR70M30V0NC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® FR73G20GWF NC010, 731 Zytel® FR73G20GWFNC010 (cond.), 614 Zytel® FR73G20GWFNC010 (dry), 614 Zytel® HTN51G25HSL BK083, 743 Zytel® HTN51G25HSLBK083 (cond.), 645 Zytel® HTN51G25HSLBK083 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTN51G35HSL NC010, 743 Zytel® HTN51G35HSLNC010 (cond.), 645 Zytel® HTN51G35HSLNC010 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTN51G35HSLR BK420, 743 Zytel® HTN51G45HS stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 349 Zytel® HTN51G45HSL stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 350 Zytel® HTN51G45HSL NC010, 743 Zytel® HTN51G45HSLNC010 (cond.), 645 Zytel® HTN51G45HSLNC010 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTN51G45HSLR BK420, 743 Zytel® HTN51GM60THS BK083, 743 Zytel® HTN51LG50HSL BK083, 743 Zytel® HTN51LG50HSLBK083 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTN52G35HSLNC010 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTN52G45HSL NC010, 743 Zytel® HTN52G45HSLNC010 (cond.), 646 Zytel® HTN52G45HSLNC010 (dry), 645 Zytel® HTNFE150005 BK083, 743 Zytel® HTNFE150005BK083 (cond.), 646 Zytel® HTNFE150005BK083 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNFE16502 BK001, 743 Zytel® HTNFE16502BK001 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNFE250020 NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNFE250020NC010 (cond.), 646 Zytel® HTNFE250020NC010 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNFE350006 NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNFE350006NC010 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNFE350015 NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNFE350015NC010 (dry), 646

12/11/2007 6:27:26 PM

822

Zytel® HTNFE8200 NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNFE8200NC010 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNFR51G35L NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNFR51G35LNC010 (cond.), 646 Zytel® HTNFR51G35LNC010 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNWRF51 G30 NC010, 743 Zytel® HTNWRF51 G30NC010 (dry), 646 Zytel® HTNWRF51 K20 NC010, 743 Zytel® MT409AHS BK010, 741 Zytel® MT409AHS NC010, 741 Zytel® MT409AHSNC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® MT409AHSNC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® resins flexural modulus vs. temperature for, 352 tensile strength vs. temperature for, 359 Zytel® ST7301 BK356, 731 Zytel® ST7301 NC010 (cond.), 614 Zytel® ST7301 NC010 (dry), 614 Zytel® ST7301 NC010, 731

Mckeen_Index.indd 822

Index

Zytel® ST801A NC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® ST801A NC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® ST801A NC010, 741 Zytel® ST801AHS BK01 0, 741 Zytel® ST801AHS NC010, 741 Zytel® ST801AHSNC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® ST801AHSNC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® ST801AW BK195, 741 Zytel® ST801AW NC010, 741 Zytel® ST801AWNC010 (cond.), 639 Zytel® ST801AWNC010 (dry), 639 Zytel® WRF403 NC010 (dry), 639 Zytel®HTN51G35HSL stress vs. strain at various temperatures for, 348, 349 Zytel®HTN51G35HSLRBK420 (cond.), 645 Zytel®HTN51G35HSLRBK420 (dry), 645 Zytel®HTN51G45HSLRBK420 (cond.), 645 Zytel®HTN51G45HSLRBK420 (dry), 645 Zytel®HTN51GM60THSBK083 (dry), 645

12/11/2007 6:27:26 PM

Plastics Design Library Founding Editor: William A. Woishnis Selection of Polymeric Materials: How to Select Design Properties from Different Standards, E. Alfredo Campo, 978 0 8155 1551-7, 296 pp., 2008 Fluorinated Ionomers, Walther Grot, 978-0-8155-1541-8, 250 pp., 2008 Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, Jiri George Drobny, 978-0-8155-1549-4, 424 pp., 2007 Compounding Precipitated Silica in Elastomers, Norman Hewitt, 978-0-8155-1528-9, 600 pp., 2007 Essential Rubber Formulary: Formulas for Practitioners, V. C. Chandrasekaran, 978-0-8155-1539-5, 202 pp., 2007 The Effects of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 978-0-8155-1525-8, 488 pp., 2007 Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, Laurence W. McKeen, 978-0-8155-1522-7, 400 pp., 2006 Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, Albert L. Moore, 0-8155-1517-0, 359 pp., 2006 Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers, J.K. Fink, 0-81551515-4, 800 pp., 2005 Fluoropolymers Applications in Chemical Processing Industries, P. R. Khaladkar, and S. Ebnesajjad, 0-8155-1502-2, 592 pp., 2005 The Effect of Sterilization Methods on Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 0-8155-1505-7, 408 pp., 2005 Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook, H. F. Giles, Jr., J. R. Wagner, Jr., and E. M. Mount, III, 0-8155-1473-5, 572 pp. 2005 Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed., L. K. Massey, 1-884207-94-4, 250 pp. 2004 Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage, J. Fischer, 1-884207-72-3, 244 pp., 2003 Fluoroplastics, Volume 2: Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics, S. Ebnesajjad, 1-884207-96-0, 448 pp., 2002 Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed. L. K. Massey, 1-884207-97-9, 550 pp., 2002 Rotational Molding Technology, R. J. Crawford and J. L. Throne, 1-884207-85-5, 450 pp., 2002 Specialized Molding Techniques & Application, Design, Materials and Processing, H. P. Heim, and H. Potente, 1-884207-91-X, 350 pp., 2002 Chemical Resistance CD-ROM, 3rd Ed., Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-90-1, 2001 Plastics Failure Analysis and Prevention, J. Moalli, 1-884207-92-8, 400 pp., 2001 Fluoroplastics, Volume 1: Non-Melt Processible Fluoroplastics, S. Ebnesajjad, 1-884207-84-7, 365 pp., 2000 Coloring Technology for Plastics, R. M. Harris, 1-884207-78-2, 333 pp., 1999 Conductive Polymers and Plastics in Industrial Applications, L. M. Rupprecht, 1-884207-77-4, 302 pp., 1999 Imaging and Image Analysis Applications for Plastics, B. Pourdeyhimi, 1-884207-81-2, 398 pp., 1999 Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, G. M. Benedikt, 1-884207-76-6, 325 pp., 1999 Weathering of Plastics, G. Wypych, 1-884207-75-8, 325 pp., 1999 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis for Plastics Engineering, M. Sepe, 1-884207-64-2, 230 pp., 1998 Medical Plastics: Degradation Resistance and Failure Analysis, R. C. Portnoy, 1-884207-60-X, 215 pp., 1998 Metallocene Catalyzed Polymers, G. M. Benedikt and B. L. Goodall, 1-884207-59-6, 400 pp., 1998 Polypropylene: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, C. Maier and T. Calafut, 1-884207-58-8, 425 pp., 1998 Handbook of Plastics Joining, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-17-0, 600 pp., 1997

Mckeen_PDL-Series.indd i

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Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-15-4, 595 pp., 1995 Chemical Resistance, Vol. 1, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-12-X, 1100 pp., 1994 Chemical Resistance, Vol. 2, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-13-8, 977 pp., 1994 The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers, Plastics Design Library Staff, 1-884207-03-0, 528 pp., 1991

Mckeen_PDL-Series.indd ii

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