THYROID CANCER A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Thyroid Cancer: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-84096-2 1. Thyroid Cancer-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on thyroid cancer. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON THYROID CANCER .................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Thyroid Cancer ............................................................................. 3 E-Journals: PubMed Central ....................................................................................................... 23 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed ................................................................................ 23 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND THYROID CANCER .......................................................................... 71 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 71 Finding Nutrition Studies on Thyroid Cancer ............................................................................ 71 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 78 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND THYROID CANCER .................................................... 81 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 81 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 81 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 95 General References ....................................................................................................................... 95 CHAPTER 4. CLINICAL TRIALS AND THYROID CANCER ................................................................. 97 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 97 Recent Trials on Thyroid Cancer ................................................................................................. 97 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ............................................................................................. 99 CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON THYROID CANCER ............................................................................... 101 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 101 Patents on Thyroid Cancer ........................................................................................................ 101 Patent Applications on Thyroid Cancer..................................................................................... 102 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 105 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON THYROID CANCER .................................................................................. 107 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 107 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers......................................................................................... 107 The National Library of Medicine Book Index ........................................................................... 109 Chapters on Thyroid Cancer ...................................................................................................... 110 CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON THYROID CANCER ........................................................................ 113 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 113 Bibliography: Multimedia on Thyroid Cancer ........................................................................... 113 CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON THYROID CANCER ..................................................... 115 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 115 News Services and Press Releases.............................................................................................. 115 Academic Periodicals covering Thyroid Cancer......................................................................... 119 CHAPTER 9. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................. 121 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 121 U.S. Pharmacopeia..................................................................................................................... 121 Commercial Databases ............................................................................................................... 122 Researching Orphan Drugs ....................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 127 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 127 NIH Guidelines.......................................................................................................................... 127 NIH Databases........................................................................................................................... 129 Other Commercial Databases..................................................................................................... 131 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ............................................................................................... 133 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 133 Patient Guideline Sources.......................................................................................................... 133 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................. 139
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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................ 141 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 141 Preparation................................................................................................................................. 141 Finding a Local Medical Library................................................................................................ 141 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................. 141 ONLINE GLOSSARIES................................................................................................................ 147 Online Dictionary Directories ................................................................................................... 149 THYROID CANCER DICTIONARY ......................................................................................... 151 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 199
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with thyroid cancer is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about thyroid cancer, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to thyroid cancer, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on thyroid cancer. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to thyroid cancer, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on thyroid cancer. The Editors
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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on thyroid cancer.
Federally Funded Research on Thyroid Cancer The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to thyroid cancer. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to thyroid cancer. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore thyroid cancer. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for thyroid cancer: •
Project Title: CHARACTERIZATION OF T(2;3)(Q12;P25) IN THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Kroll, Todd G.; Brigham and Women's Hospital 75 Francis Street Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 15-JUN-1999; Project End 30-JUN-2001 Summary: Thyroid nodules are common in the adult human population. Many are benign but some are cancers with varying degrees of malignant potential. Clinical
2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).
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assessment cannot stratify individual thyroid nodules into definite benign, premalignant, or malignant categories. Pre-operative pathologic classification is imprecise because thyroid follicular hyperplasias, adenomas, and carcinomas have overlapping morphologic features. As a result, the majority of thyroid nodules resected at surgery are benign. We hypothesize that investigations into the pathogenesis of thyroid follicular neoplasms will elucidate their basic biology, improve diagnosis, identify reliable prognosticators, and reduce the need for thyroid surgeries. t(2;3)(q12;p25) has been identified in 8 of 11 human thyroid follicular carcinomas using cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. t(2;3)(q12;p25) appears specific for follicular carcinoma in that it was absent from 12 papillary carcinomas, 21 follicular adenomas, and 12 multi-nodular hyperplasias lacked t(2;3)(q12;p25) analyzed by FISH. We hypothesize that t(2;3)(q12;p25) results in formation of a novel human oncogene that we propose to characterize and determine whether it is a marker identifying patients with malignant and pre-malignant follicular thyroid nodules. The t(2;3)(q12;p25) oncogene will be localized by physical mapping with YAC- and BAC-FISH of both breakpoints. Fusion oncogene cDNAs will be isolated with BACs and verified by: (1) their ability to hybridize to DNA spanning the translocation breakpoint(s), (2) identification of genomic DNA rearrangements and unique mRNA transcripts in follicular carcinoma tissue, and (3) direct nucleotide sequencing. In vitro systems will be established to characterize oncogene transforming activity, and the utility of the oncogene in diagnosis and classification of thyroid follicular neoplasms will be evaluated in histologic and cytologic pathology specimens. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 10Q22-23 CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN BREAST CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Parsons, Ramon; Columbia University Health Sciences New York, Ny 10032 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Recently, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, has been identified on human chromosome 10q23 that is mutated in sporadic cancers of the brain, breast, and prostate. Germline mutations of the PTEN gene are observed in Cowden disease, an inherited predisposition in breast and thyroid cancer. Analysis of the codon sequence of PTEN has revealed a tyrosine phosphatase/dual specificity phosphatase domain. The phosphatase domain sits within a large domain homologous to tensin and auxilin. Mutations have been observed within the phosphatase domain and non-overlapping portions of the tensin domain. The carboxy-terminal half of the codon sequence has no significant homology to other genes; nevertheless, it is a target for mutations as well. Thus, it represents a potential functional domain of unknown significance. The first specific aim will attempt to identify the frequency of PTEN inactivation in brain and breast tumors. Tumor DNA paired with normal DNA samples will be analyzed for PTEN mutations in exonic sequences. Homozygous deletions of exons will be investigated using a variety of techniques, including Southern blotting, PCR, with polymorphic markers within and surrounding the gene, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The potential inactivation of PTEN expression through methylation will be explored. Finally, tumors at different phases of development will be tested for alterations. The second specific aim is to characterize the PTEN protein. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies will be developed. These antibodies will be utilized to identify the location of PTEN in cells, normal tissues, and tumors. PTEN will be expressed as a fusion protein in e. coli, purified, and tested for phosphatase activity.
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Mutants of PTEN found in people will be expressed to determine their effects on phosphatase activity. Finding proteins that specifically interact with the phosphatase or other domains of the protein will be a high priority. Approaches to find such proteins include co-immunoprecipitation, two-hybrid analysis, and affinity purification. The third aim is to determine the physiological function of PTEN and uncover its mechanisms of tumor suppressor. To identify the role of PTEN in normal and tumor development, the gene will be mutated in the germline of mice. As an alternative approach, tumor cell lines mutated for PTEN will be complemented with the wild type gene. Phenotypes to be tested include cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: DEMETHYLATION THERAPY OF THYROID CARCINOMA Principal Investigator & Institution: Ain, Kenneth B.; Medicine; University of Kentucky 109 Kinkead Hall Lexington, Ky 40506 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 04-MAY-2000; Project End 31-MAR-2005 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Disseminated dedifferentiated thyroid epithelial carcinoma is a terminal disease with no effective systemic treatment or chemotherapy, as a consequence of the loss of the ability to concentrate iodide, rendering it unable to be treated with radioactive iodide. Our translational research efforts aim to restore the therapeutic effectiveness of radioiodine for systemic therapy. Iodide uptake depends upon expression of the human sodium-iodide membrane symporter (hNIS). Chemical agents, differentiation inducers and demethylation agents, have been able to restore lost differentiated functions in a wide variety of other tumor types. Our data show that demethylation agents can restore expression of hNIS mRNA in dedifferentiated human thyroid cancer cell lines and restore iodide uptake. We have shown that this is likely consequent to demethylation of CpG islands of the hNIS gene promoter (or the promoters of thyroid-specific transcription factors) in tumor samples. For this reason, we hypothesize that methylation-induced loss of hNIS gene transcription is reversible by chemical therapy with demethylating agents or differentiation inducers. Such therapy should enable radioiodide treatment of dedifferentiated thyroid cancers. In addition, we have demonstrated that the same mechanism of gene methylation is responsible for loss of expression of E-cadherin, a protein contributing to cell:cell adhesion in human thyroid cancer cells. Restoration of E-cadherin expression may suppress tumor invasion and metastasis, improving the clinical course of thyroid cancer patients. In this way, clinical use of demethylation agents may enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic radioiodine and simultaneously diminish the progression and spread of disease. This proposed patient-oriented research will utilize demethylation agents to restore or enhance radioiodine uptake in thyroid carcinoma metastases of patients previously unresponsive to radioiodine treatment. Pilot trials using known active agents, such as 5-azacytidine, will be supplemented with trials of additional agents defined by cell culture and xenograft studies. Patients with therapeuticallyunresponsive dedifferentiated thyroid cancer metastases are often treated with palliative surgical resection of gross tumor. In such patients, fresh tumor samples will be analyzed for hNIS gene methylation and E-cadherin expression and cultured for cell lines. These analyses and in vitro studies will permit targeting of specific agents to individual patients for the purposes of both radioiodine therapy and modulation of tumor progression. Such patient-oriented research will proceed in the context of active mentorship in thyroid oncology and translational research centered on Oncology fellows. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: ESTABLISH OF POST CHERNOBYL NIS THYROID BANKS Principal Investigator & Institution: Thomas, Geraldine A.; University of Cambridge Cambridge, England Cambridge, Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 17-JUL-2000; Project End 10-SEP-2002 Summary: (Applicant's Description) This project will form an internationally supported collaborative research resource for many groups working on the problems of thyroid cancer which has followed the Chernobyl accident. It is designed to promote collaboration and avoid competition in the use of limited and very valued resources. The four funding organizations involved in the project are the National Institute of Health of the USA, the European Commission, the World Health Organization and the Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation of Japan. The basis of the project is a collaborative approach to the collection of the tissue from cases of thyroid cancer in the areas around Chernobyl with simultaneous collection of blood samples and basic clinical information. The project has several aims (a) to ensure that the best possible diagnostic service is given to patients, (b) to provide a diagnosis agreed by internationally recognized pathologists. This diagnosis will be made available to research groups from those countries carrying out molecular biological, therapeutic, epidemiological and other studies. (c) to ensure that specimens of thyroid cancer are properly described and sampled, and that materials are available for appropriate research studies (frozen tissue, fixed tissue sections, extracted DNA/RNA and blood samples, together with relevant information), through a protocol agreed by the research organizations involved. The project will provide a valuable research tool for future researchers interested in the mechanism of radiation tumourigenesis of the thyroid following irradiation. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: EXPLOITATION OF RET INHIBITORS FOR TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Nelkin, Barry D.; Associate Professor; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 12-SEP-2002; Project End 31-MAY-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): Activation of the RET tyrosine kinase is involved in approximately 50% of cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and 20-25% of cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). For medullary thyroid carcinoma, there is no effective therapy other than surgery. In this proposal, we will develop therapeutic approaches for MTC and PTC, based on inhibition of RET. We have shown that the indolecarbazole compunds of CEP-701 and CEP-751 inhibit RET and induce apoptosis in MTC cells in culture. Focusing mainly on MTC, this proposal will develop this observation, toward effective therapy for these diseases in humans. The effect of CEP701 and CEP-751 on inhibition of RET activity and MTC growth will be evaluated in an animal model of human MTC. Combination therapy, using CEP-701 or DEP-751 and a conventional cytotoxic agent, will be examined. A library of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, structurally similar to CEP-701 and CEP-751, will be screened for more effective RET inhibitors. Correlative markers will be identified for RET inhibition, based on downstream effectors of RET signal transduction pathways. Immunological assays for these markers will be developed for future use in assessing the efficacy of RET inhibition in clinical settings. The effect of RET inhibition by CEP-701, CEP-751, or other compounds on several forms of RET commonly activated in MTC and PTC will be
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examined. In addition, the effect of RET inhibition therapy will be examined in tumors arising in the natural thyroid setting, in transgenic models of MTC and PTC. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: FUNCTIONAL PROTEOGENOMICS OF MITOCHONDRIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Oefner, Peter J.; Associate Director; Biochemistry; Stanford University Stanford, Ca 94305 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUN-2003; Project End 31-MAY-2006 Summary: (provided by applicant): One hundred and two clinical phenotypes have been associated with mutations in a quarter of the known 406 nuclear-encoded human mitochondrial proteins. Estimated 500-600 nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins await identification. The physiological mechanisms operating in mitochondria are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Hence, insights gained into the function of mitochondrial proteins in yeast can be correlated to their orthologues in human that are involved in health and disease. Using single-gene yeast deletion mutants, 265 novel proteins with a respiratory deficiency have been identified. By blasting these proteins against an expressed sequence tag library and, consequently, correlating them to mapped putative mitochondrial disorders, candidate genes could be identified for such mitochondrial disorders as optic atrophy 4, Moebius syndrome 2, Friedreich ataxia 2, and thyroid cancer with cell oxyphilia. As a follow-up, a complementary study of mitochondrial function at the transcriptional and translational level is proposed. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of isolated yeast mitochondria, accurate mass tags for yeast nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins will be obtained with the goal to identify all mitochondria located proteins. High-density DNA array expression analysis of proteins identified by gene deletion and the proteomics project will be used to identify pathway specific mRNA signature profiles, which can be used to group unclassified genes into an operational network. Thirty-two yeast deletion strains involved in the function of the respiratory chain, amino acid metabolism, heme biosyntesis, and membrane transport were selected under the criteria of their quantitative deletion phenotype and a human orthologue involved in a mitochondrial disorder. In addition, to study more subtle alterations of cellular and mitochondrial function, experiments using the yeast deletion collection on several iron and thiamin conditions are proposed. Further, mRNA signature profiling will be conducted on human cell lines established from patients with mitochondriopathies. These cell lines are related to yeast, 19 have a known gene mutation and a yeast orthologue involved in the similar pathway and partially found with a respiratory deficiency. In a pilot project, a library of accurate mass tags for human mitochondrial proteins will be generated for the characterization of human cell lines derived from patients with known or putative mitochondriopathies. The concordance of protein data with those obtained by means of human mRNA expression arrays and the functional genomic findings from yeast will be assessed. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: GCRC MASS SPECTROMETRY CORE FACILITY SUPPLEMENT Principal Investigator & Institution: Burnett, John C.; Professor of Medicine & Physiology Direc; Mayo Clinic Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-DEC-1976; Project End 30-NOV-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): This is a revised supplemental application to bring a proteomic analytical facility to our Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Core Laboratory so as
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to facilitate clinical research in the post-genome era. The investigators request support to expand our shared instrument facility by adding a state-of-the-art mass spectrometer ion-trap to perform protein profile analysis in conjunction with functional and gene array analysis. This new system with high throughput and capability for proteomic analysis will enhance the research efforts of several human researchers. This proposal deals with human studies conducted in the MC GCRC from nine NIH-supported investigators (total 20 NIH grants including two program projects representing support from NIDDK, NIA, NIHL, and NCI). These investigators represent a wide range of disciplines endocrinology, metabolism, aging, nutrition, transplantation biology, vascular biology and cancer. The proposals are: 1) Dr. K. S. Nair (PI) investigates (I) the effect of insulin and amino acids on hepatic and muscle protein profiles and (ii) age and exercise effects on muscle protein and gene transcript profiles. 2) Dr. R. Rizza investigates whether the circulatory proteins differentially regulated by insulin and glucose in Type II diabetics and non-diabetic people. 3) Dr. J. Levine investigates the effect of experimental weight gain on changes in adipocyte protein expression. 4) Drs. B. L. Riggs and S. Khosla investigate the effect of estrogen deficiency on protein expression in bone marrow. 5) Drs. D. Jelinek and N. Kay investigate the protein and gene expression profiling in multiple myeloma and (three cell leukemia. 6) Dr. M. Joyner investigates the protein and gene transcript profiles in microvasculature in people who are non-responsive to nitric oxide stimulants and compare with the responder. 7) Dr. M. Stegall investigates the protein profiling in kidney samples of people with chronic allograft nephropathy. 8) Dr. M. Jensen investigates the differential of proteins and gene transcripts profile in abdominal and gluteal fat cells. 9) Drs. N. Eberhardt and B. McIver investigate the proteins and gene transcripts differentially expressed in thyroid cancer tissues and normal thyroid tissue. The facility is well supported by NIH (through GCRC as well as program projects) and Mayo Foundation for maintenance and supplies. Highly qualified mass spectrometry technicians are available and the investigator has longstanding experience in using biomedical mass spectrometry for protein studies. The addition of new mass spectrometers and personnel will allow our facility to advance our program to identify new proteins and the altered expression of proteins in diseased states and in response to physiological stimuli. The results from the proposed studies are expected to make major contributions to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of various diseases and the aging process. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: GENE THERAPY OF PROSTATE CANCER USING RADIOIODINE Principal Investigator & Institution: Morris, John C.; Associate Professor & Chair; Mayo Clinic Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 31-AUG-2001; Project End 31-JUL-2006 Summary: (provided by applicant): Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death of American men. Metastatic prostate cancer is considered essentially incurable. In marked contrast, thyroid cancers can be effectively treated and, at times, cured even when widespread metastasis is present, because of the ability of the cells to concentrate iodine, making therapy with radioactive iodine possible and effective. The studies described in this proposal are aimed at transferring the gene for the thyroidal sodiumiodide symporter (NIS), the structure that is responsible for iodide trapping by thyroid cells, into prostate cancer cells. In addition, the potential role of this transfer as a means of gene therapy for metastatic prostate cancer is examined. The studies involve targeting expression of the NIS gene using prostate specific promoters in order to achieve prostate specific gene expression. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated the feasibility of
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this gene transfer in vitro and in vivo, in that high level and prostate specific iodide uptake has been established in LNCaP cell tumors in mice and those tumors have been successfully treated with 131I. The experiments outlined in this proposal will further examine the feasibility and efficacy of NIS gene transfer in vivo using mouse models, mechanisms of maximizing NIS protein expression and activity, and the cell killing effect of 131I in these models in vitro and in vivo. Further, our studies will examine the immune response within immunocompetent host mice following radioiodine killing of NIS transfected murine prostate tumors and the influence of that response upon the appearance and progression of native prostate cancer in transgenic mice (TRAMP), which naturally develop prostate cancer. Finally the proposal describes a phase I/II clinical trial of adenoviral mediated NIS gene transfer in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Our studies, will serve to examine the potential of NIS gene transfer to prostate cancer as a method of therapy of metastatic disease and are the first so described. In addition, successful demonstration of radioiodine effect in our prostate cancer model will serve to stimulate interest in NIS as a therapeutic gene for other cancer types. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: GENERAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER Principal Investigator & Institution: Boat, Thomas F.; Director; Children's Hospital Med Ctr (Cincinnati) 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45229 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-DEC-1993; Project End 30-NOV-2001 Summary: This is a proposal for the renewal of a multi-categorical General Clinical Research Center at the Children's and University Hospitals. Major areas of research include: 1. Pediatric Liver Disease. Studies are defining the pathophysiology and treatment of new inborn errors of bile acid metabolism and peroxisomal disorders and the pathogenesis of bone disease and growth failure in cholestatic liver disease. 2. Bone Health. Studies will examine the effect of maternal age during lactation on bone demineralization and the value of progestins in ameliorating the loss. Studies will evaluate the role of calcium supplementation on bone accretion in prepubertal children, the role of exercise in bone accretion in preschoolers and the pathogenesis and management of bone disease in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Cancer. Using resources available through a proposed Tissue Procurement Facility supported by the GCRC, basic science and clinical investigators will obtain tumors for investigations of the cell biology and molecular mechanisms of malignancies. Studies will investigate thyroid cancer, neural tumors, breast cancer, and the APC and Bloom's Syndrome genes. 4. Gaucher Disease. Despite the availability of enzyme research for Gaucher Disease, disability from bone disease persists. Studies will evaluate the potential value of bisphosphonates as an adjunct to enzyme replacement for the treatment of bone disease in Gaucher Disease. 5. Cystic Fibrosis. Studies are defining the safety of a replicationdeficient recombinant adenovirus construct to deliver the CF transmembrane conductance gene to the nasal epithelium. 6. Cholesterol Synthesis. Studies are evaluating the potential effect of the cholesterol content in breast milk or infant formulae and cholesterol synthesis rates to determine if early exposure to cholesterol in the human infant may have an "imprinting" effect on cholesterol synthesis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: INTRATHECAL CANCER THERAPY USING I131 NAI Principal Investigator & Institution: Wong, Franklin C.; Associate Professor, Nuclear Medicine An; Nuclear Medicine; University of Texas Md Anderson Can Ctr Cancer Center Houston, Tx 77030
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Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 04-SEP-2001; Project End 31-MAY-2003 Summary: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a difficult management problem of patients with various types of cancers. If left untreated, it is invariably fatal. There is essentially no effective treatment. Serious untoward effects are associated with current therapies including neural-axis irradiation and/or intrathecal chemotherapy. The former is limited by radiotoxicity to the underlying nervous tissues while the latter, by intrathecal breakdown and poor penetration of the meninges to reach the tumors. On the other hand, the locoregional use of radiopharmaceuticals such as beta-emitters with millimeter ranges may overcome such hurdles. Beta emission from iodine-131 has a limited range of 2-3 mm that is not impeded by diffusion. It will deliver large radiation to the tumors in the CSF and meninges while sparing the cerebral cortices and the spinal cord. Others using tumor-specific I-131 labeled anti-tenascin monoclonal antibodies have found partial therapeutic success but encountered hematotoxicity. Since hematotoxicity from I-131 compounds has been correlated with total body exposure and labeled antibodies are known to be retained in the body for days, exclusion of the antibody moiety may enhance excretion of unnecessary radiopharmaceuticals and decrease hematotoxicity to allow higher initial dosage for better efficacy. This study aims to determine the regional distribution, dosimetry, potential toxicity and efficacy of intrathecal I-131 sodium iodide (NaI). It is a widely available radiopharmaceutical for effective thyroid cancer therapy. Our preliminary modeling results have found sufficient dosimetry to treat tumor cells in the CSF and meninges, while sparing the underlying brain and spinal cord. This Phase I study will measure the whole-body, organ and regional dosimetry of intrathecally injected I- 131 NaI to correlate with potential efficacy and side effects including thyrotoxicity, hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Five to six groups of 3 patients will be studied according to the IRBapproved protocol ID98- 331. In brief, study patients will undergo intrathecal injection of I-131 NaI, followed by blood and urine collection and scintigraphic imaging at determined intervals for pharmacokinetics and dosimetry. Eradication of tumor cells in the CSF will be the primary indicator of efficacy. The CSF cytology, MRI, thyroid, hematology and neuropsychology profiles and neurological status will be followed up to 6 months and contrasted with dosages and dosimetry to determine a reliable set of parameters for further studies. At the end of the study period, our team shall have generated a sufficient set of data to determine whether it is worthwhile to pursue a phase II clinical trial of intrathecal I-131 NaI for the treatment of LM. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: THERAPY
LEVOTHYROXINE:
TRIIODOTHYRONINE
COMBINATION
Principal Investigator & Institution: Jonklaas, Jacqueliine; Medicine; Georgetown University Washington, Dc 20057 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 15-MAY-2002; Project End 30-APR-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): The objective of this project is to determine what combination of thyroid hormones provides optimum replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. There are two circulating thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and standard thyroid hormone replacement consists of synthetic thyroxine (levothyroxine) alone. Although levothyroxine is converted into triiodothyronine in the circulation, triiodothyronine levels achieved may not be equal to those seen with intact thyroid function. Therefore, the overall hypothesis of this project is that levothyroxine replacement results in a subtle deficiency of triiodothyronine and provides incomplete treatment for hypothyroidism. The initial hypothesis to be tested in
Studies
11
this project is whether, within individual patients, standard replacement with levothyroxine results in lower serum levels of triiodothyronine than those seen while the thyroid gland is functioning. Participants will be euthyroid individuals scheduled for thyroidectomy for benign nodular disease or thyroid cancer. Serum triiodothyronine levels prior to thyroid surgery will be compared with those after thyroidectomy, to determine if levothyroxine replacement results in lower, sub-physiologic triiodothyronine levels. Another hypothesis of this project is that a panel of genes can be identified whose expression level is reflective of thyroid status. Complimentary (c) DNA array technology will be used to develop a gene panel whose expression is regulated by thyroid hormone. This gene panel will be included in the biochemical markers used to assess thyroid status. The third hypothesis is that levothyroxinetriiodothyronine combination will provide superior treatment of hypothyroidism. Biochemical, physiologic and psychologic indices of thyroid status will be compared during combination therapy with several ratios of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine to indices during treatment with levothyroxine alone. The regimens will be compared to determine if the one that most closely reproduces the triiodothyronine levels seen with intact thyroid function, also has the most favorable impact on thyroid status. The final hypothesis of this project is that sustained release triiodothyronine is superior to commercially available triiodothyronine. Because of its short half-life, replacement with triiodothyronine leads to fluctuating serum levels. A new sustained release product, which results in steady triiodothyronine levels, will furnish more physiologic replacement. This will be tested against treatment with levothyroxine, and levothyroxine and triiodothyronine. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MECHANISMS OF RET/PTC REARRANGEMENTS IN THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Nikiforov, Yuri E.; Assistant Professor; Pathology and Lab Medicine; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-JUL-2001; Project End 30-JUN-2006 Summary: (Scanned from the applicant's abstract) Thyroid cancer is the most common form of solid neoplasms known to be associated with radiation exposure. However, the mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood. The high prevalence of rearrangements of the RET gene has been recently found in postChernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas and in thyroid tumors from patients exposed to therapeutic external radiation. The positions of breakpoints sites in the RET and ELEI genes identified in post-Chemobyl tumors with RETPTC3 rearrangements suggested that these two genes may be aligned across from each other in the nucleus at the time of DNA breaks (Nikiforov et al., Oncogene, 1999). Consistent with this idea, we found that one pair of RET and H4 genes (contributing to RET/PTCI rearrangement) was juxtaposed in 35 percent of inter-phase nuclei of normal thyroid cells. These data suggest that two potentially recombinogenic chromosomal loci may be contiguous to each other in the nucleus predisposing to generation of rearrangement by adjacent double-strand DNA breaks produced by ionizing radiation or other genotoxic agents. The main goal of the current proposal is to explore the role of nuclear architecture and gene proximity in generation of chromosomal rearrangements after radiation exposure. We propose to use two-color FISH and three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy to determine the frequency of physical proximity of genes, contributing to the major types of RET/PTC rearrangements, in normal human thyroid follicular cells and in other cell lineages. We will establish whether chromosomal organization with
12
Thyroid Cancer
respect to these loci is cell-type specific, age-dependent, or varies with cell cycle stage. Any of these parameters could explain in part the high prevalence of thyroid cancer after irradiation, and the higher susceptibility of children. Then, we will expose cultured cells to different doses of ionizing radiation to test directly the relationship between gene proximity and the frequency of radiation-induced RET/PTC rearrangements in vitro. These studies will extend our understanding of the mechanisms of radiationinduced carcinogenesis in the thyroid gland. In addition, they are likely to have importance for a broad range of chromosomal rearrangements found in cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MOLECULAR CHANGE AND THYROID CANCER RISK AFTER CHERNOBYL Principal Investigator & Institution: Davis, Scott; Professor of Epidemiology; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Box 19024, 1100 Fairview Ave N Seattle, Wa 98109 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUL-2003; Project End 30-JUN-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This study will investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of thyroid cancer in residents of the Bryansk Oblast of the Russian Federation who were up to 50 years of age at the time of exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl Power Station accident on April 26, 1986. The study has three primary purposes: 1) to characterize cases of thyroid cancer according to specific molecular markers of genetic change, and to investigate whether the presence of such markers is associated with individual thyroid radiation dose to the thyroid from the Chernobyl accident; 2) to investigate whether age-at-exposure dependent radiation dose response for thyroid cancer differs between cancers that are positive versus negative for the molecular markers investigated; and 3) to investigate whether the presence of these same molecular markers is associated with clinical outcome. Thyroid cancer cases diagnosed between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2006 will be identified and the diagnosis confirmed by a panel of expert thyroid pathologists. Controls, equal in number to the cases of thyroid cancer, will be selected among residents in the Bryansk Oblast, without thyroid cancer, individually matched to cases by sex, age, type of settlement and talon. For all cases and controls, the following information will be collected: 1) demographic and health history; 2) details of residential and dietary history; 3) appropriate physical samples to aid dose reconstruction; and 4) a blood sample. Individual radiation dose to the thyroid will be estimated for each case and control. Paraffin embedded tissue or fresh frozen tissue will be obtained for each case to assess tyrosine kinase growth factor and tyrosine kinase receptor expression for purposes of estimating the association between the presence of each of the markers and individual thyroid radiation dose. Clinical history and outcome data will be collected from medical records for investigation of the association between adverse clinical outcome (e.g. recurrence) and individual thyroid radiation dose, patient characteristics, and molecular markers of genetic change. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ADENOMA/FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
DISTINGUISH
FOLLICULAR
Principal Investigator & Institution: Zeiger, Martha A.; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001
Studies
13
Summary: Over 28,000 thyroidectomies are performed in the United States annually for suspected malignancy. However, up to 18,000 of these are benign on permanent histology. This phenomenon is due to the fact that fine needle aspirations (FNA) of the thyroid that are suspicious for malignancy ultimately turn out to represent a benign process in 60% of cases. Because of this phenomenon we chose to examine follicular neoplasms of the thyroid for molecular markers that would distinguish a follicular adenoma from a carcinoma. Up to 40 follicular neoplasms of the thyroid were screened by microsatellite polymorphism analysis that might distinguish the two. Although there was no difference between follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas, Hijrthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid appeared to have greater loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 1q and 2p that could distinguish Hijrthle cell adenomas from Hijrthle cell carcinomas. These abnormalities could also be demonstrated on FNA samples with 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity; a potential dramatic improvement over what can now be accomplished by cytology. Because Hiirthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid represent a very small percentage of thyroid carcinomas that still left the clinical dilemma of distinguishing follicular adenomas from carcinomas as well as lesions that were suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma. We, therefore, examined follicular neoplasms and lesions that were suspicious for papillary cancer for telomerase activity. We found that 100% of follicular carcinomas and 67% of papillary thyroid cancer have a positive telomerase activity. As a result of this above work, we are prospectively collecting FNA samples from patients who have suspicious lesions on thyroid cytology. The collaborating institutions include the University of Pittsburgh and Mayo Clinic at Jacksonville. To date we have collected 127 samples and are currently examining the use of telomerase as a marker to distinguish benign from malignant. Should we be able to accomplish this and apply it to FNA then theoretically this technique could result in the obviation of up to 18,000 thyroidectomies performed annually in this country. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THYROID CELL GROWTH Principal Investigator & Institution: Fagin, James A.; Professor; Internal Medicine; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-AUG-1989; Project End 30-JUN-2005 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): This grant application proposes to study the mechanism through which the RET/PTC oncogenes induce papillary thyroid cancer. While the mechanism of RET activation of cell signaling pathways has been evaluated in a variety of cells, almost nothing is known about its signaling pathways in the thyroid, where it is normally expressed. Considering that RET is intimately involved in carcinogenesis, both for differentiated thyroid tumors and medullary thyroid tumors, this study has a very sensible goal. In particular, the applicant will study the effects of RET/PTC on cell cycle control and genomic stability, evaluate signaling of RET/PTC through the RAS pathway and via PLC-gamma and determine the role of PKC-epsilon in thyroid cell transformation in vivo. RET/PTC rearrangements (four or more) are unique to papillary thyroid carcinoma, and RET/PTC3 is especially prevalent in cancers arising in children exposed to radiation in Chernobyl. RET/PTC appears to be a specific initiating event in tumorigenesis, although presumably with additional mutational change. The translocations forming the RET/PTC oncogene appear to be through chromosomal exchange at specific break points, and it is suggested that these are because the sites of exchange are next to each other during interphase. RET/PTC is believed to be constitutively activated, and that phosphorylation at position 586 allows binding to the membrane and interaction with
14
Thyroid Cancer
SHC, allowing it to transduce signals through RAS. Subsequent steps in the pathway may involve MAP kinase, or possibly phospholipase C-gamma. Studies on H-RAS have shown that it, when constitutively expressed, can act possibly through MAP kinases to cause abnormal mitosis. Activation of PLC-gamma can cause activation of PKC-epsilon, and this may possibly be involved in apoptosis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: MOLECULAR-GENETIC ANALYSIS OF 3P14 GENOMIC STABILITY Principal Investigator & Institution: Drabkin, Harry A.; Professor; Medicine; University of Colorado Hlth Sciences Ctr P.O. Box 6508, Grants and Contracts Aurora, Co 800450508 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 14-AUG-1998; Project End 30-APR-2002 Summary: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): The hereditary renal carcinoma 3;8 translocation has been the source of considerable interest among cancer geneticists and a long-term goal of this laboratory. The pattern of disease is one of classic hereditary cancer with autosomal dominant inheritance, multifocal early onset renal cancer and less frequently, thyroid cancer. The investigators were the first to clone the 3p14 translocation breakpoint. Their subsequent investigations identified homozygous deletions in various carcinoma cell lines involving a region approximately 150 kb telomeric to the t(3;8) breakpoint. This region coincides with FRA3B, the most inducible fragile site in the genome. Whether or not the deletions involving FRA3B result solely from genomic instability, or are biologically selected, is an important question, given the high frequency of 3p loss in a variety of malignant diseases. While Ohta et al. identified a 3p14 gene, FHIT, spanning the 3;8 breakpoint, its role as a tumor suppressor has been seriously questioned. The investigators have discovered that the 3;8 translocation results in a fusion transcript between a novel gene, TRC8, and FHIT. The TRC8 gene is suggested to be a membrane receptor with partial similarity to Drosophila patched, the human homologue of which is responsible for the hereditary basal cell carcinoma syndrome. With regard to the distinct 3p14 deletion region, the investigators have obtained evidence for additional non-FHIT transcripts and have identified a cell line, CC19, with ongoing spontaneous deletions in FRA3B which exhibit tumorigenic differences. This system provides an ideal model to investigate the tumorigenic role of FHIT and other putative genes. The investigators propose, therefore, two main areas of investigation: 1) The further characterization of TRC8 including a mutational analysis of renal and thyroid carcinomas; development of antibodies for the subcellular localization of normal and rearranged products; transfection experiments to functionally characterize the TRC8, TRC8-FHIT and FHIT-TRC8 products. 2) To clarify the role of 3p14 deletions in cancer, they will examine the tumorigenesis of CC19 subclones with and without deletions affecting FHIT exons. If consistent correlations between deletions and tumorigenic variation can be obtained, they will perform transfection experiments with FHIT to confirm this activity. If non-FHIT coding regions are suggested to have tumor suppressor activity they will be further characterized. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: PROTEIN KINASE C AND THYROID CELL APOPTOSIS Principal Investigator & Institution: Knauf, Jeffrey A.; Internal Medicine; University of Cincinnati 2624 Clifton Ave Cincinnati, Oh 45221 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-APR-2000; Project End 30-NOV-2002
Studies
15
Summary: (taken from the application) In 1997, there were an estimated 16,100 new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States. Cancer is not simply a proliferation process, but the manifestation of an imbalance between cell growth and cell death. It is likely that for a tumor clone to progress the apoptotic program must be successfully disabled. In support of this paradigm, we have isolated a chimeric and truncated mutant of PKCepsilon (Tr-PKC-epsilon), the gene for which was amplified and rearranged in a thyroid cancer cell line. When transfected into PCCL3 cells (a well-differentiated rat thyroid cell line) Tr-PKC-epsilon inhibits activation-induced translocation of the wild-type isozyme, resulting in protection of cells from apoptosis. This is accompanied by a marked impairment in p53 stabilization, which may be in part due to elevated levels of MDM2. These findings point to a role for PKC-epsilon in apoptosis signaling pathways in thyroid cells, and suggest that disruptions in PKC-epsilon function may be involved in thyroid tumorigenesis, possibly by altering the cellular response to DNA damage. In support of this we have found that in 75-85% of thyroid carcinomas there were dramatic changes in the level and/or subcellular distribution of PKC-epsilon compared to corresponding normal thyroid tissue. The following Specific Aims are proposed: (1) We will use an inducible expression system to achieve selective activation of either PKCepsilon or the constitutively activated mutant PKC-epsilon-A159F and to determine whether this alone can initiate an apoptotic program, that can be blocked by Tr-PKCepsilon. (2) We will explore whether PKC-epsilon activation interferes with phosphorylation, stabilization, and other post-translational modifications of p53 and MDM-2. (3) We will manipulate the function of the isozyme in thyroid follicular cells of transgenic mice, by targeting expression of either PKC-epsilon, PDK-epsilon-A159F, or the dominant negative inhibitor Tr-PKC-epsilon. Effects on thyroid cell apoptosis in vivo will then be studied in mice exposed to external radiation to the thyroid bed. (4) We will determine if the observed changes in expression and distribution of PKCepsilon in thyroid cancers are due to somatically-acquired structural defects in the PKCepsilon gene, or to epigenetic events. For tumor clones to expand, they must not only exhibit unrestrained stimulation to proliferate, but must also disable essential protection circuits that trigger apoptosis. We propose that PKC-epsilon is part of this defensive strategy, and that this can be subverted during tumorigenesis, or perhaps modulated during adaptive responses such as goiter involution, or thyroid remodeling. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: RADIATION INDUCED THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Schneider, Arthur B.; Professor of Medicine and Chief; Medicine; University of Illinois at Chicago 1737 West Polk Street Chicago, Il 60612 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-APR-1977; Project End 30-JUN-2003 Summary: The major objective of this research proposal is to study radiation- induced thyroid cancer by coordinated clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations. The clinical studies are designed to determine the continuing incidence of radiationinduced thyroid cancer and to evaluate methods of diagnosis and medical and surgical approaches to treatment. This will be accomplished by continuing the longitudinal study of patients who received childhood head and neck irradiation for benign conditions at Michael Reese Hospital. Of the 4,296 patients who were so treated 3,058 (71.2 percent) have been located and 1,025 (33.5 percent) have had surgery for thyroid nodules. Among those who have had surgery, 357 (34.8 percent) have had thyroid cancer. The follow-up of this population will continue with the following aims: (1) to determine the continuing incidence of radiation-induced thyroid cancer, (2) to determine if their radiation-induced thyroid cancers have the same age- dependent
16
Thyroid Cancer
worsening prognosis as seen in the general population, and (3) to evaluate the diagnostic methods and treatment methods that have been used. Laboratory studies will focus on the role of serum thyroglobulin in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Parallel studies will continue on other radiation-induced tumors, including benign and malignant salivary tumors, neural tumors, parathyroid tumors and others. Together these will provide the information to develop guidelines for the care of persons with a history of radiation. Epidemiological studies will focus on identifying evidence for the existence of heritable radiation susceptibility factors. Patterns of multiple tumors in irradiated individuals and family histories of cancer will be analyzed. Specimens of neoplasms from previous surgery will be used to study specific oncogenes as markers of and as participants in radiation-induced neoplastic transformation. These studies will focus on rearrangements of the ret protooncogene in thyroid neoplasms and the NF2 tumor suppressor gene in neural tumors. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: RADIATION INDUCED THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G.; Staff Scientist; Structural Biology Division; University of Calif-Lawrenc Berkeley Lab Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Ca 94720 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 30-SEP-2000; Project End 29-SEP-2003 Summary: (From Abstract) In 1986, an accident at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, USSR, led to the release of high levels of radioisotopes. Ten years later, the incidence of childhood papillary thyroid cancer (chPTC) near Chernobyl had risen by 2 orders of magnitude, most likely as a consequence of increased exposure to ionizing radiation. The routes and mechanisms by which radiation generated these additional thyroid cancers remain mysterious. Eight years ago, we began to archive thyroid tumor tissues from patients who underwent thyroidectomy near the site of the power plant, among them 214 specimens from children. Several tumors from this collection aberrantly expressed ret tyrosine kinase transcripts due to a ret/PTC1 or ret/PTC3 chromosomal rearrangements on chromosome 10. However, many other chPTC tumors have phenotypes not attributable to aberrant ret expression. Moreover, even within a retpositive chPTC tumor, not all cells express ret or contain a rearranged chromosome 10. We hypothesize that these other classes of tumors may inappropriately express a different oncogene or have lost function of a tumor suppressor as a result of chromosomal rearrangements and that knowledge of the kind of genetic alterations leading to chPTC may facilitate the early detection and staging of tumors as well as provide guidance for therapeutic intervention. To test this hypothesis, we propose to map the sites of chromosomal breakpoints in 38 cases of radiation-induced chPTC and identify genes with abnormal pattern of expression. We will localize the breakpoints in radiation-induced tumors for which we have metaphase spreads using G-banding results and Spectral Karyotyping. With the breakpoints grossly determined, we will define the targets for positional cloning and prepare breakpoint-spanning YAC contigs and high-resolution physical maps based on co-linear BAC clones. Control groups will be comprised of children who developed thyroid cancer without prior radiation exposure as well as tumors in adult patients who underwent radiotherapy as children or adults. Interphase cell preparations from the control groups will be studied with comparative genomic hybridization and probes specific for candidate loci to detect translocations as well as gene amplifications and deletions. We can then identify genes at the chPTC-specific breakpoints by exon-trapping, direct selection, and DNA sequencing. We will prepare stable cell lines carrying the oncogenic rearrangements for
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further characterization and distribution. Finally, we will examine the levels and localization of mRNAs with Northern and in situ hybridization analysis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: REGULATION OF THE SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER IN BREAST Principal Investigator & Institution: Brent, Gregory A.; Professor; Medicine; University of California Los Angeles 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1200 Los Angeles, Ca 90024 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 12-JAN-2001; Project End 31-DEC-2004 Summary: (Adapted from the applicant's abstract) In the lactating mammary gland, iodide is concentrated up to 36-fold in milk compared with the plasma iodide concentration, due to stimulation of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Some hormone-dependent breast cancers also concentrate iodide, up to 7-fold, but iodide uptake in breast cancer must be enhanced to make radioiodine treatment possible, analagous to the TSH stimulation required for uptake of radioiodine into thyroid cancer. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment stimulates iodide uptake, MS mRNA, and MS protein in MCF-7 cells, an estrogen receptor (ER) positive human breast cancer cell line, in a time and dose dependent fashion. No RA-induction of iodide uptake is seen in an ER-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231, or a normal breast-derived cell line, MCF-12A. An in vitro clonogenic assay demonstrated selective toxicity of radioiodine following RA stimulation of MCF-7 cells. MCF-12A cells have abundant MS protein, but no functional iodide uptake. MS regulation differs significantly in the breast compared to the thyroid, and differs in normal breast and breast cancer cell lines. We propose to study the regulation of iodide transport in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast and thyroid cell lines, with the goals of optimzing iodide uptake and selectively targeting breast cancer cells. Specific aims include: 1. Determine the mechanism of RA-mediated transcriptional regulation of the NIS gene in breast-derived cells utilizing selective retinoid agonists and cell lines with a range of endogenous RAR and RXR expression. 2. To determine the characteristics of NIS protein expression, subcellular localization, and kinetics that are associated with maximal function of NIS in breast-derived cell lines and those features that distinguish functional iodide uptake among cell lines that express NIS protein. 3. Utilize an in vitro model to optimize RAstimulated radiation-mediated cell killing in breast cancer cells. 4. Develop in vivo models to determine the efficacy and specificity of RA-stimulated iodide uptake into breast cancer and determine the influence of enhancers and radiation sensitizers. RA raioiodide uptake may be useful for diagnosis and treatment of some differentiated breast cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: RHENIUM-188 THERAPY OF NIS-EXPRESSING BREAST TUMORS Principal Investigator & Institution: Dadachova, Ekaterina; Nuclear Medicine; Yeshiva University 500 W 185Th St New York, Ny 10033 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-APR-2002; Project End 31-MAR-2004 Summary: (provided by applicant): Breast cancer remains the major cause of cancer death in women in the developed world. Novel therapeutic modalities are needed for those patients in whom chemotherapy, hormonal treatment and external radiation therapy are not effective. Recently a new molecular target has been identified in 80% of mammary cancers in humans but not in normal/healthy breast tissue - mammary gland sodium/iodide symporter (mgNIS) which may open a new avenue in treatment of breast cancer with radioactive iodine 131-I. However, in the absence of prolonged
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Thyroid Cancer
biological retention of 131-I in NIS-expressing mammary tumors an isotope with shorter physical half-life and superior to 131-I decay properties, which can be transported by NIS may provide a better therapeutic option. We have recently showed that the powerful beta-emitter 188-Rhenium (188-Re) which has therapeutically useful emissions superior to those of 131-I, is also transported by NIS and will deliver several times higher radiation dose to the tumor in comparison with 131-I. We hypothesize that 188Re will be more efficient than 131-I in elimination of NIS-expressing breast tumors in mice. We also hypothesize that the combination of dose fractionation/normal organ protection will increase 188-Re tumodcidal effect while decreasing the radiation dose to normal organs. To test these hypotheses we will start with evaluation of 188-Re and 131I cell-killing impact on NIS-expressing cells of thyroid in normal mice under the conditions of suppressed organification. We will perform comparative 188-Re and 131-I therapy of xenografted breast tumors in nude mice including dose escalation and maximum tolerated dose determination. We will employ the combination of dose fractionation/stomach protection to protect the stomach from radiation. We wilt also perform comprehensive dosimetry calculations for future therapy of NIS-expressing breast cancers in humans. The Specific Aims of the project are: Aim 1 To compare cellkilling potential of 188-Rhenium versus 131-Iodine in NIS-expressing tissue in vivo using thyroid in healthy mice as a target organ. Aim 2 To evaluate the feasibility of using 188-REO4- as a tumoricidal agent in NtS-expressing breast cancer tumors in mice. The proposed research will provide data on interaction of a novel molecular cancer target - mgNiS with non-iodine therapeutic radioisotope and on its potential to eradicate breast tumors. The long-term goal of this research is to contribute to the development of a novel cost-effective radionuclide therapy for treatment of breast cancer and, possibly, for other NIS-expressing cancers such as thyroid cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: ROLE TUMORIGENESIS
OF
THE
CNC
GENE
IN
DEVELOPMENT
AND
Principal Investigator & Institution: Kirschner, Lawrence S.; Internal Medicine; Ohio State University 1960 Kenny Road Columbus, Oh 43210 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 21-MAR-2003; Project End 28-FEB-2005 Summary: (Adapted from applicant's description): Carney Complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome that is best classified as a novel form of multiple endocrine neoplasia. In this application, Dr. Lawrence S. Kirschner proposes to isolate the genetic defect causing CNC and to begin the functional study of the encoded protein product. In the first portion of this study, a positional cloning strategy will be undertaken to isolate the genetic lesion responsible for CNC. 24 families with CNC have been collected, and a candidate region on chromosome 2pl6 has been defined by genetic recombination analysis. A yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome (YAC and BAG, respectively)-based contig of this area will be constructed and utilized to map expressed sequences into the minimal candidate region. Those mRNA sequences falling in the candidate interval will be cloned and screened for mutations using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) analysis. Once the CNC gene is identified, this information will be used to generate transgenic mice lacking the CNC gene, and the effects of this mutation during fetal development, especially of the endocrine system, will be examined. At the same time, mutations in the CNC gene will be sought in CNC associated sporadic tumors, such as cardiac myxomas, benign and malignant adrenal tumors, and thyroid cancers. The long-term goal of this project is to identify the role that the CNC gene product plays in the normal development of the
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endocrine and other systems, as well as the role that the mutated gene plays in tumorigenesis. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Chen, Herbert; Chief, Endocrine Surgery; Surgery; University of Wisconsin Madison 750 University Ave Madison, Wi 53706 Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUL-2003; Project End 30-JUN-2005 Summary: (provided by applicant): Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from the calcitonin-producing thyroid C-cells and accounts for 3-5% of cases of thyroid cancer. Besides surgery, there are limited curative and palliative treatments available to patients with MTC, emphasizing the need for development of other forms of therapy. We have shown that over-expression of raf-1 markedly suppresses cellular growth and induces differentiation of human MTC cells in vitro. We have also shown that these raf-1 effects can be mediated through leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a soluble cytokine currently in clinical use for central nervous system disorders. However, the role of raf-1 and LIF in modulating MTC growth and differentiation in vivo has not been explored. In this proposal we will further characterize the downstream events required for raf-1-mediated MTC growth suppression and differentiation. Secondly, we will determine if raf-1 activation can inhibit in vivo MTC tumor growth in a mouse model of metastatic MTC. These studies should determine if modulation of the raf-1 signaling pathway, either by direct activation or through LIF signaling, could play a potential role in the management of patients with metastatic MTC. Because LIF has been already utilized in human subjects for treatment of central nervous system disorders, if our animal data validates our in vitro observations, clinical trials with LIF in patients with metastatic MTC could happen in the near future. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: SIMPLIFIED LOW IODINE DIET FOR I 131 RADIOIODINE DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING Principal Investigator & Institution: Lee, Stephanie; New England Medical Center Hospitals 750 Washington St Boston, Ma 021111533 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: Radioactive iodine is used for the diagnosis of distant and local metastases of thyroid cancer and therapy of thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer. Because of the high iodine content of the American diet, the efficacy of radioiodine is diminished unless that patient is placed on a strict low iodine diet. This diet which consists of freshly prepared meals and homemade breads and pastas is nearly impossible to follow with the American dietary habits of eating in restaurants and using convenience foods. After review of the iodine content of currently available foods, the objective of this study is to develop and test a convenient and palatable out-patient diet to decrease iodine intake and excretion to less than 50mcg/24hrs in normal volunteers and patients undergoing routine radioactive iodine diagnostic scanning or therapy for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: SPORE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Sidransky, David; Associate Professor; Otolaryn & Head & Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles St Baltimore, Md 21218 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 12-SEP-2002; Project End 31-MAY-2007 Summary: (provided by applicant): This application for continuation of the Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Head and Neck Cancer at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine supports a highly interactive, multidisciplinary, and interinstitutional program. Five research projects, three cores, a career development and a research developmental program are proposed to carry out our translational research in head and neck cancer. Research Project #1 - Molecular Screening and Risk Prediction of HNSC. - Co- Investigators, William Westra (basic) and Wayne Koch (clinic). Research Project #2 - Tumor Suppressor Gene Promoter Hypermethylation for Detection of Head and Neck Cancer - Co-Investigators, David Sidransky (basic) and Joseph Califano (clinic). Research Project #3 - HPV Vaccine Therapy and Correlates of Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSC) - Co-investigators, TC Wu & Keerti Shah (basic) and Maura Gillison (clinic). Research Project #4 - Combined Modalidty Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer Evaluating Inhibitors of the EGFR/TK Pathway - Co-Investigators, Edward Ratovitski & Manuel Hidalgo (basic) and Arlene Forastiere (clinic). Research Project #5 - Exploitation of RET Inhibitors for Treatment of Thyroid Cancer - Co-Investigators, Barry Nelkin (basic) and Doug Ball (clinic). The cores support the research programs (Core #1 - Pathology/Tissue Core, Dr. Westra; and Core #2 - Administrative/Clinical Core (Drs. Sidransky & Forastiere), Core #3 Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core (Dr. Goodman). The Career Development Program (Dr.Forastiere) aids the emergence of new investigators and the Research Developmental Program (Dr. David Sidransky) provides rapid funding of innovative directions. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCOPROTEINS USING MS Principal Investigator & Institution: Desaire, Heather; University of Kansas Lawrence Lawrence, Ks 66045 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 30-SEP-2002; Project End 31-AUG-2007 Summary: The glycoprotein hormones to be studied are used as diagnostic markers, for pregnancy and tumors, and as pharmaceuticals, for the treatment of infertility and thyroid cancer. Thus, a reliable method to characterize these proteins, particularly when they are used for medicinal purposes, is paramount in order to assure medication is safe and effective. Current techniques used to study these compounds are time-consuming. Furthermore, they often do not provide sufficient information about the point of attachment, of the carbohydrate to the protein, or sufficient information about the heterogeneity of the carbohydrates. We propose to overcome these problems by analyzing intact glycopeptides using tandem mass spectrometry. By developing mass spectrometric methods of characterizing the carbohydrates, while they remain attached to the protein, the origin of carbohydrate attachment will be unambiguous. Our approach will utilize tools developed for analyzing carbohydrates that are not linked to proteins; however we will tailor these techniques to accommodate the peptide fragments linked to the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. After demonstrating our technique will be successful on a purified glycopeptide, we will develop the appropriate
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separation strategies required to use our technology in characterizing a glycoprotein that has multiple glycosylation sites. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: THE MAMMARY GLAND SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER (MGNIS) Principal Investigator & Institution: Carrasco, Nancy; Professor; Pharmacology; Yeshiva University 500 W 185Th St New York, Ny 10033
Molecular
Timing: Fiscal Year 2003; Project Start 01-JUL-2003; Project End 30-JUN-2008 Summary: (provided by applicant): The Na symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane protein that mediates active I- transport in the thyroid and other tissues, including salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and lactating mammary glands (MG). NIS is regulated differently in each tissue. NIS-mediated I- transport in the thyroid is the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Endogenous functional expression of NIS in thyroid cancer is the foundation for the single most effective and most side effect-free anticancerous targeted radiation therapy available, i.e. radioiodide therapy, which has been successfully used in thyroid cancer for over 60 years. Our group isolated the cDNA encoding NIS and generated anti-NIS Abs. We have characterized thyroid NIS and its regulation. Mammary gland NIS (mgNIS) mediates active I- transport in lactating mammary cells, from which I- is passively translocated via a different transporter to the milk. mgNIS is expressed in lactating (but not in non-lactating) MG. mgNIS is regulated by estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin. Mammary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice display mgNIS-mediated active I- uptake. The only two cancers in which endogenous functional NIS is expressed are thyroid cancer and breast cancer. Over 80% of human breast cancers express mgNIS, but it is still unknown in what percentage of these NIS is functional. Normal non-lactating human breast samples do not express mgNIS. The endogenous expression of NIS in breast cancer provides an immense advantage over other cancers, into some of which NIS has been ectopically expressed by virus-mediated gene transfer. To characterize mgNIS in mammary cells and ascertain its potential value in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, we propose: 1. a) To characterize the regulation of mgNIS in mammary cell lines; b) to investigate the effects of systemic and local regulatory factors on the expression of mgNIS in vivo; c) to determine whether low temperature and chemical chaperones promote targeting of mgNIS to the plasma membrane; d) to complement our understanding of I- translocation in the lactating mammary gland by assessing the role of putative apical I- transporters. 2) To develop a radioiodide therapeutic protocol and assess its effectiveness in the treatment of adenocarcinomas in animal models. 3) To ascertain, in fine needle aspirates from both human primary breast tumors and metastases, the functional expression of mgNIS and its possible correlation with other breast cancer parameters. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •
Project Title: THYROID NEEDLE BIOPSY--ITS DIAGNOSTIC USEFULNESS IN THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Lopresti J.; University of Southern California 2250 Alcazar Street, Csc-219 Los Angeles, Ca 90033 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER Principal Investigator & Institution: Eberhardt, Norman L.; Professor; Mayo Clinic Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 05-JAN-1999; Project End 31-DEC-2002 Summary: Thyroid malignancies, the most common endocrine cancer, account for >17,000 new cases and 1,200 cancer deaths per year in the U.S. The bulk (70-95%) of these neoplasms are primary thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell origin, including differentiated papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC), and undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid cancers. In the U.S. incidence rates are PTC > FTC >> anaplastic carcinomas, while morbidity/mortality rates associated with these cancers are anaplastic carcinomas >> FTC >PTC. Evidence for progression from benign follicular adenoma (Fa) > FTC has been observed, while PTC appears to arise de novo. While numerous studies have attempted to define the molecular genetics of differentiated thyroid cancer, virtually all of these studies have suffered from lack of significant specimen numbers, insufficient pathological criteria, or both. We have shown extensive evidence for frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 3p, 10q, 13q and 17p in FTC , but not FA or PTC, suggesting that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) may be involved in the genesis of FTC. Known TSGs mapping near regions of LOH on chromosomes 3p (VHL and FHIT) and 17p (p53) do not appear to be involved, since mutations of these sequences are rare in FTC. Thus as yet undefined TSGs appears to be involved in the genesis of FTC. In the current studies we will perform a detail molecular genetic study of at least 30 specimen/tumor type of a well defined and stratified population of thyroid cancers, in which extensive clinical records are available. Tumor types will include PTC (grades 1,2 and 3), FTC (minimally and widely invasive, oxyphilic and non-oxyphilic carcinomas) and FA. With this population of tumors we will: (i) perform a comprehensive LOH analysis of all chromosomes arms at a resolution of approximately 10 cM, (ii) refine mapping of regions of significant LOH at a resolution of less than or qual to 2 cM, (iii) analyze candidate TSGs that resides within the refine map locations and (iv) clone potential tumor suppressor genes that reside in locations for which no known TSG candidates have been identified. The molecular genetic profiles will be correlated with the clinical records to assess the significance of the genetic changes on morbidity and mortality. These studies will offer one of the first comprehensive analyses of LOH in any well defined tumor population that can be reconciled with the clinical record and will provide detailed insight into the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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Project Title: USE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN A THYROID CANCER PT Principal Investigator & Institution: Burge, Mark R.; Assistant Professor; University of New Mexico Albuquerque Controller's Office Albuquerque, Nm 87131 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 01-DEC-2000; Project End 30-NOV-2001 Summary: This abstract is not available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen
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E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for thyroid cancer in the PubMed Central database: •
Identification of rapid turnover transcripts overexpressed in thyroid tumors and thyroid cancer cell lines: use of a targeted differential RNA display method to select for mRNA subsets. by Gonsky R, Knauf JA, Elisei R, Wang JW, Su S, Fagin JA.; 1997 Oct 1; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstr act&artid=146961
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Increased expression of AP2 and Sp1 transcription factors in human thyroid tumors: a role in NIS expression regulation? by Chiefari E, Brunetti A, Arturi F, Bidart JM, Russo D, Schlumberger M, Filetti S.; 2002; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139985
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with thyroid cancer, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for thyroid cancer (hyperlinks lead to article summaries):
3 4
Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.
With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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A case of pulmonary metastatic thyroid cancer complicated with Graves' disease. Author(s): Suzuki K, Nakagawa O, Aizawa Y. Source: Endocrine Journal. 2001 April; 48(2): 175-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11456264&dopt=Abstract
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A case of thyroid cancer involving the trachea: treatment by partial tracheal resection and repair with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Author(s): Shigemitsu K, Naomoto Y, Haisa M, Yamatsuji T, Noguchi H, Kataoka M, Kamikawa Y, Tanaka N. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2000 May; 30(5): 235-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10857502&dopt=Abstract
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A comprehensive analysis of MNG1, TCO1, fPTC, PTEN, TSHR, and TRKA in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer: confirmation of linkage to TCO1. Author(s): Bevan S, Pal T, Greenberg CR, Green H, Wixey J, Bignell G, Narod SA, Foulkes WD, Stratton MR, Houlston RS. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 August; 86(8): 3701-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11502798&dopt=Abstract
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A new therapeutic approach in medullary thyroid cancer treatment: inhibition of oncogenic RET signaling by adenoviral vector-mediated expression of a dominantnegative RET mutant. Author(s): Drosten M, Frilling A, Stiewe T, Putzer BM. Source: Surgery. 2002 December; 132(6): 991-7; Discussion 997. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490846&dopt=Abstract
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A novel autocrine loop involving IGF-II and the insulin receptor isoform-A stimulates growth of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Vella V, Pandini G, Sciacca L, Mineo R, Vigneri R, Pezzino V, Belfiore A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 January; 87(1): 24554. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11788654&dopt=Abstract
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A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VI. Fish and shellfish consumption. Author(s): Bosetti C, Kolonel L, Negri E, Ron E, Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Galanti MR, Mark SD, Preston-Martin S, McTiernan A, Land C, Jin F, Wingren G, Hallquist A, Glattre E, Lund E, Levi F, Linos D, La Vecchia C. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2001 May; 12(4): 375-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11456234&dopt=Abstract
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A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VII. Cruciferous and other vegetables (International). Author(s): Bosetti C, Negri E, Kolonel L, Ron E, Franceschi S, Preston-Martin S, McTiernan A, Dal Maso L, Mark SD, Mabuchi K, Land C, Jin F, Wingren G, Galanti MR, Hallquist A, Glattre E, Lund E, Levi F, Linos D, La Vecchia C. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2002 October; 13(8): 765-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12420956&dopt=Abstract
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A report of six cases of familial papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Orsenigo E, Beretta E, Gini P, Verrecchia F, Invernizzi L, Fiorina P, Di Carlo V. Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology : the Journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. 2003 March; 29(2): 185-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12633563&dopt=Abstract
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A thyroid-specific far-upstream enhancer in the human sodium/iodide symporter gene requires Pax-8 binding and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-like sequence binding proteins for full activity and is differentially regulated in normal and thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Taki K, Kogai T, Kanamoto Y, Hershman JM, Brent GA. Source: Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). 2002 October; 16(10): 2266-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12351692&dopt=Abstract
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Aberrant localization of beta-catenin correlates with overexpression of its target gene in human papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ishigaki K, Namba H, Nakashima M, Nakayama T, Mitsutake N, Hayashi T, Maeda S, Ichinose M, Kanematsu T, Yamashita S. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 July; 87(7): 3433-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12107263&dopt=Abstract
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Ablation of thyroid residues with 30 mCi (131)I: a comparison in thyroid cancer patients prepared with recombinant human TSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal. Author(s): Pacini F, Molinaro E, Castagna MG, Lippi F, Ceccarelli C, Agate L, Elisei R, Pinchera A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 September; 87(9): 4063-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12213846&dopt=Abstract
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An audit of management of differentiated thyroid cancer in specialist and nonspecialist clinic settings. Author(s): Kumar H, Daykin J, Holder R, Watkinson JC, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2001 June; 54(6): 719-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11422105&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of Tg transcripts by real-time RT-PCR in the blood of thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Savagner F, Rodien P, Reynier P, Rohmer V, Bigorgne JC, Malthiery Y. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 February; 87(2): 635-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11836297&dopt=Abstract
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Analysis of thyroid cancer data from the Ukraine after 'Chernobyl' using a twomutation carcinogenesis model. Author(s): Leenhouts HP, Brugmans MJ, Chadwick KH. Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 2000 June; 39(2): 89-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10929377&dopt=Abstract
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Anaplastic thyroid cancer evolved from papillary carcinoma: demonstration of anaplastic transformation by means of the inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction. Author(s): Wiseman SM, Loree TR, Hicks WL Jr, Rigual NR, Winston JS, Tan D, Anderson GR, Stoler DL. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2003 January; 129(1): 96100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12525202&dopt=Abstract
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Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pasieka JL. Source: Current Opinion in Oncology. 2003 January; 15(1): 78-83. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490766&dopt=Abstract
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Anatomical distribution and sclerotic activity of bone metastases from thyroid cancer assessed with F-18 sodium fluoride positron emission tomography. Author(s): Schirrmeister H, Buck A, Guhlmann A, Reske SN. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 July; 11(7): 677-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11484897&dopt=Abstract
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Antisense hTERT inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth. Author(s): Teng L, Specht MC, Barden CB, Fahey TJ 3rd. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 March; 88(3): 13626. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12629130&dopt=Abstract
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Appearance of antithyroglobulin antibodies as the sole sign of metastatic lymph nodes in a patient operated on for papillary thyroid cancer: a case report. Author(s): Tumino S, Belfiore A. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 May; 10(5): 431-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10884191&dopt=Abstract
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Are posttherapy radioiodine scans informative and do they influence subsequent therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer? Author(s): Fatourechi V, Hay ID, Mullan BP, Wiseman GA, Eghbali-Fatourechi GZ, Thorson LM, Gorman CA. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 July; 10(7): 573-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10958309&dopt=Abstract
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Balancing demands of cancer surveillance among survivors of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Dow KH, Ferrell BR, Anello C. Source: Cancer Practice. 1997 September-October; 5(5): 289-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9341351&dopt=Abstract
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Benign thyroid disease and dietary factors in thyroid cancer: a case-control study in Kuwait. Author(s): Memon A, Varghese A, Suresh A. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2002 June 5; 86(11): 1745-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12087461&dopt=Abstract
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Bilateral cervical lymph node metastases in well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Noguchi M, Kumaki T, Taniya T, Miyazaki I. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 1990 June; 125(6): 804-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2346381&dopt=Abstract
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Binding of a human monoclonal antithyroglobulin antibody to cultured human thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Misaki T, Alam MS, Sakahara H, Kasagi K, Konishi J. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 1997 May; 11(2): 81-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9212886&dopt=Abstract
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Biodistribution and dosimetric study in medullary thyroid cancer xenograft using bispecific antibody and iodine-125-labeled bivalent hapten. Author(s): Hosono M, Hosono MN, Kraeber-Bodere F, Devys A, Thedrez P, Fiche M, Gautherot E, Barbet J, Chatal JF. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 September; 39(9): 1608-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9744353&dopt=Abstract
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Biologic basis for the treatment of microscopic, occult well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Furlan JC, Bedard Y, Rosen IB. Source: Surgery. 2001 December; 130(6): 1050-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11742337&dopt=Abstract
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Biologic dosimetry in thyroid cancer patients after repeated treatments with iodine131. Author(s): M'Kacher R, Schlumberger M, Legal JD, Violot D, Beron-Gaillard N, Gaussen A, Parmentier C. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 May; 39(5): 825-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9591584&dopt=Abstract
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Biphasic effects of thyrotropin on invasion and growth of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer in vitro. Author(s): Hoelting T, Tezelman S, Siperstein AE, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 1995 February; 5(1): 35-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7787431&dopt=Abstract
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Bispecific antibody and bivalent hapten radioimmunotherapy in CEA-producing medullary thyroid cancer xenograft. Author(s): Kraeber-Bodere F, Faibre-Chauvet A, Sai-Maurel C, Gautherot E, Fiche M, Campion L, Le Boterff J, Barbet J, Chatal JF, Thedrez P. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1999 January; 40(1): 198-204. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9935077&dopt=Abstract
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Bone changes in pre- and postmenopausal women with thyroid cancer on levothyroxine therapy: evolution of axial and appendicular bone mass. Author(s): Jodar E, Begona Lopez M, Garcia L, Rigopoulou D, Martinez G, Hawkins F. Source: Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the Usa. 1998; 8(4): 311-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10024900&dopt=Abstract
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Bone mineral density in medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Chen JJ, La France ND. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1988 February 25; 318(8): 517-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3340134&dopt=Abstract
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Bone mineral density in well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with suppressive thyroxine: a systematic overview of the literature. Author(s): Quan ML, Pasieka JL, Rorstad O. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2002 January; 79(1): 62-9; Discussion 69-70. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11754378&dopt=Abstract
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Both class I and class II HLA antigens are thyroid cancer susceptibility factors. Author(s): Rigopoulou D, Martinez-Laso J, Martinez-Tello F, Alcaide JF, Benmamar D, Hawkins F, Arnaiz-Villena A. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1994 May; 43(5): 281-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7940496&dopt=Abstract
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Brachiocephalic vein thrombus of papillary thyroid cancer: report of a case. Author(s): Koike E, Yamashita H, Watanabe S, Yamashita H, Noguchi S. Source: Surgery Today. 2002; 32(1): 59-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11871819&dopt=Abstract
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Brain metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancer in patients treated with radioiodine for bone and lung lesions. Author(s): Misaki T, Iwata M, Kasagi K, Konishi J. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 2000 April; 14(2): 111-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10830528&dopt=Abstract
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Breast uptake of iodine-131 mimicking lung metastases in a thyroid cancer patient with a pituitary tumour. Author(s): Kao PF, Chang HY, Tsai MF, Lin KJ, Tzen KY, Chang CN. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2001 April; 74(880): 378-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11387158&dopt=Abstract
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Bronchoscopic diagnosis of thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion. Author(s): Koike E, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Yamashita H, Ohshima A, Watanabe S, Uchino S, Takatsu K, Nishii R. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2001 October; 136(10): 1185-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11585513&dopt=Abstract
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Cardiovascular safety of acute recombinant human thyrotropin administration to patients monitored for differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Pagano L, Klain M, Scherillo G, Salvatore M, Fenzi G, Lombardi G, Fazio S. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 January; 88(1): 2114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519854&dopt=Abstract
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Case-control study of female thyroid cancer--menstrual, reproductive and hormonal factors. Author(s): Zivaljevic V, Vlajinac H, Jankovic R, Marinkovic J, Dzodic R, Sipeti Grujii S, Paunovic I, Diklic A, Zivaljevic B. Source: European Journal of Cancer Prevention : the Official Journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (Ecp). 2003 February; 12(1): 63-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12548112&dopt=Abstract
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Characterization of a thyroid hormone-mediated short-loop feedback control of TSH receptor gene in an anaplastic human thyroid cancer cell line. Author(s): Chen ST, Lin JD, Lin KH. Source: The Journal of Endocrinology. 2002 November; 175(2): 459-65. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12429043&dopt=Abstract
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Cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B)/gastrin receptor targeting peptides for staging and therapy of medullary thyroid cancer and other CCK-B receptor expressing malignancies. Author(s): Behe M, Behr TM. Source: Biopolymers. 2002; 66(6): 399-418. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12658727&dopt=Abstract
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Cigarette smoking and the risk of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kreiger N, Parkes R. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2000 October; 36(15): 196973. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11000579&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical impact of retinoids in redifferentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer: final results of a pilot study. Author(s): Simon D, Korber C, Krausch M, Segering J, Groth P, Gorges R, Grunwald F, Muller-Gartner HW, Schmutzler C, Kohrle J, Roher HD, Reiners C. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 June; 29(6): 775-82. Epub 2002 March 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12029551&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical review 156: Recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid cancer management. Author(s): Robbins RJ, Robbins AK. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 May; 88(5): 1933-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12727936&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical review 158: Beyond radioiodine: a review of potential new therapeutic approaches for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Braga-Basaria M, Ringel MD. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 May; 88(5): 1947-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12727938&dopt=Abstract
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Clinico-pathological features of thyroid cancer as observed in five referral hospitals in Iran--a review of 1177 cases. Author(s): Larijani B, Aghakhani S, Khajeh-Dini H, Baradar-Jalili R. Source: Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). 2003; 42(4): 334-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12899505&dopt=Abstract
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Coexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis with differentiated thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases: indications for thyroidectomy. Author(s): Pisanu A, Piu S, Cois A, Uccheddu A. Source: Chir Ital. 2003 May-June; 55(3): 365-72. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12872571&dopt=Abstract
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Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Zimmer LA, McCook B, Meltzer C, Fukui M, Bascom D, Snyderman C, Townsend DW, Johnson JT. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2003 February; 128(2): 178-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12601311&dopt=Abstract
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Coming of age: recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone as a preparation for (131)i therapy in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Robbins RJ, Pentlow KS. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 July; 44(7): 1069-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12843222&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of documented and recalled histories of exposure to diagnostic x-rays in case-control studies of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Berrington de Gonzalez A, Ekbom A, Glass AG, Galanti MR, Grimelius L, Allison MJ, Inskip PD. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 April 1; 157(7): 652-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12672685&dopt=Abstract
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Complications of neck dissection for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cheah WK, Arici C, Ituarte PH, Siperstein AE, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2002 August; 26(8): 1013-6. Epub 2002 June 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12045861&dopt=Abstract
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Concomitant hyperparathyroidism and nonmedullary thyroid cancer, with a review of the literature. Author(s): Leitha T, Staudenherz A. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 February; 28(2): 113-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12544127&dopt=Abstract
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Contralateral papillary thyroid cancer-high incidence in therapeutic completion thyroidectomy. Author(s): Gemsenjager E, Heitz PU. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2002 April; 12(4): 345-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12034063&dopt=Abstract
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Contribution of an Anti-CEA Fab' scan in the detection of medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Malamitsi J, Kosmidis PA, Papadopoulos S, Petounis A, Linos DA. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 June; 27(6): 447-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12045444&dopt=Abstract
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Current national health insurance policies for thyroid cancer prophylactic surgery in the United States. Author(s): Dackiw AP, Kuerer HM, Clark OH. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2002 August; 26(8): 903-6. Epub 2002 June 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12045864&dopt=Abstract
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Current therapy for childhood thyroid cancer: optimal surgery and the legacy of king pyrrhus. Author(s): Ringel MD, Levine MA. Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology : the Official Journal of the Society of Surgical Oncology. 2003 January-February; 10(1): 4-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12513952&dopt=Abstract
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CXC chemokine receptor 4 expression and function in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Hwang JH, Hwang JH, Chung HK, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Suh JM, Kim H, You KH, Kwon OY, Ro HK, Jo DY, Shong M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 January; 88(1): 40816. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12519884&dopt=Abstract
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Detection of hepatic metastasis from medullary thyroid cancer with Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy in a patient with Sipple's syndrome. Author(s): Sato S, Okumura Y, Tamizu A, Maki K, Akaki S, Takeda Y, Kanazawa S, Hiraki Y. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 2001 October; 15(5): 443-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11758951&dopt=Abstract
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Detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Takami H, Sasaki K, Ikeda Y, Tajima G, Kameyama K. Source: Asian J Surg. 2003 July; 26(3): 145-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12925288&dopt=Abstract
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Determination of galectin-3 messenger ribonucleic Acid overexpression in papillary thyroid cancer by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Author(s): Bernet VJ, Anderson J, Vaishnav Y, Solomon B, Adair CF, Saji M, Burman KD, Burch HB, Ringel MD. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 October; 87(10): 4792-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12364475&dopt=Abstract
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Diabetes and infarcted papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Haddad FH, Malkawi OM, Omari AA, Izzat AS, Khassrof HM, Faiad LM, Okla AL, Jamil AN. Source: Saudi Med J. 2002 April; 23(4): 467-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11953778&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Modigliani E, Franc B, Niccoli-sire P. Source: Bailliere's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000 December; 14(4): 631-49. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11289739&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis of thyroid cancer and cytogenetics. Author(s): Antonaci A, Boncompagni A, De Capoa A, Consorti F, Giovannone G, Mardente S, Vietri F. Source: Tumori. 2001 July-August; 87(4): S46-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11693821&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic 131-iodine whole-body scan may be avoided in thyroid cancer patients who have undetectable stimulated serum Tg levels after initial treatment. Author(s): Pacini F, Capezzone M, Elisei R, Ceccarelli C, Taddei D, Pinchera A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 April; 87(4): 1499501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11932271&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the follow-up of papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hooft L, Hoekstra OS, Deville W, Lips P, Teule GJ, Boers M, van Tulder MW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 August; 86(8): 3779-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11502811&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic changes as a reason for the increase in papillary thyroid cancer incidence in Geneva, Switzerland. Author(s): Verkooijen HM, Fioretta G, Pache JC, Franceschi S, Raymond L, Schubert H, Bouchardy C. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2003 February; 14(1): 13-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12708720&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic dilemma: papillary thyroid cancer with psammomatous calcifications. Author(s): Gooding GA. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 2001 April 15; 110(6): 496, 503. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11379568&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnostic value of high-resolution B-mode and power-mode sonography in the follow-up of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Gorges R, Eising EG, Fotescu D, Renzing-Kohler K, Frilling A, Schmid KW, Bockisch A, Dirsch O. Source: European Journal of Ultrasound : Official Journal of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 2003 February; 16(3): 191-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12573788&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. Author(s): Giuffrida D, Scollo C, Pellegriti G, Lavenia G, Iurato MP, Pezzin V, Belfiore A. Source: J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 January; 25(1): 18-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11883862&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer presenting as distant metastases. Author(s): Mishra A, Mishra SK, Das BK, Pradhan PK. Source: The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica. 2002; 168(5): 305-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12375614&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer: “complete” rational approach. Author(s): Kebebew E, Clark OH. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2000 August; 24(8): 942-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10865038&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome in patients under 21 years of age who present with distant metastases. A report from the Surgical Discipline Committee of the Children's Cancer Group. Author(s): La Quaglia MP, Black T, Holcomb GW 3rd, Sklar C, Azizkhan RG, Haase GM, Newman KD. Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2000 June; 35(6): 955-9; Discussion 960. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10873043&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer: determinants of disease progression in patients <21 years of age at diagnosis: a report from the Surgical Discipline Committee of the Children's Cancer Group. Author(s): Newman KD, Black T, Heller G, Azizkhan RG, Holcomb GW 3rd, Sklar C, Vlamis V, Haase GM, La Quaglia MP. Source: Annals of Surgery. 1998 April; 227(4): 533-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9563542&dopt=Abstract
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Differentiated thyroid cancer: prognostic factors and influence of treatment on the outcome in 441 patients. Author(s): Sautter-Bihl ML, Raub J, Hetzel-Sesterheim M, Heinze HG. Source: Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ Der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft. [et Al]. 2001 March; 177(3): 125-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11285769&dopt=Abstract
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Diffuse soft tissue uptake of I-131 after post-thyroidectomy ablation therapy for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Song HC, Heo YJ, Kim SM, Bom HS. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 March; 27(3): 215. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11852316&dopt=Abstract
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Distant metastases from thyroid and parathyroid cancer. Author(s): Shaha AR, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. Source: Orl; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 2001 JulyAugust; 63(4): 243-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11408821&dopt=Abstract
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Dosimetry-guided radioactive iodine treatment in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: largest safe dose using a risk-adapted approach. Author(s): Dorn R, Kopp J, Vogt H, Heidenreich P, Carroll RG, Gulec SA. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2003 March; 44(3): 451-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12621014&dopt=Abstract
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Early detection of occult thyroid cancer metastases in small cervical lymph node by genetic analysis of fine-needle aspiration specimens. Author(s): Lee MT, Lin SY, Yang HJ, Lee TI, Lin HD, Tang KT. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2000 October; 29(5): 322-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11108495&dopt=Abstract
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Early malignant progression of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Machens A, Niccoli-Sire P, Hoegel J, Frank-Raue K, van Vroonhoven TJ, Roeher HD, Wahl RA, Lamesch P, Raue F, Conte-Devolx B, Dralle H; European Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (EUROMEN) Study Group. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003 October 16; 349(16): 1517-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14561794&dopt=Abstract
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Ectopic lingual thyroid masquerading as thyroid cancer metastases. Author(s): Basaria S, Westra WH, Cooper DS. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 January; 86(1): 3925. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11232030&dopt=Abstract
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Effective half-life of 131I in thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): North DL, Shearer DR, Hennessey JV, Donovan GL. Source: Health Physics. 2001 September; 81(3): 325-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11513465&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of thyroid hormone suppression therapy on adverse clinical outcomes in thyroid cancer. Author(s): McGriff NJ, Csako G, Gourgiotis L, Lori C G, Pucino F, Sarlis NJ. Source: Annals of Medicine. 2002; 34(7-8): 554-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12553495&dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy of high therapeutic doses of iodine-131 in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and detectable serum thyroglobulin. Author(s): de Keizer B, Koppeschaar HP, Zelissen PM, Lips CJ, van Rijk PP, van Dijk A, de Klerk JM. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2001 February; 28(2): 198-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11303890&dopt=Abstract
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Elevated F-18 FDG uptake in laryngeal muscles mimicking thyroid cancer metastases. Author(s): Zhu Z, Chou C, Yen TC, Cui R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 August; 26(8): 689-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11452175&dopt=Abstract
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Endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with thyroid cancer: its usefulness and limitations for evaluating esophagopharyngeal invasion. Author(s): Koike E, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Ohshima A, Yamashita H, Watanabe S, Uchino S, Arita T, Kuroki S, Tanaka M. Source: Endoscopy. 2002 June; 34(6): 457-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12048627&dopt=Abstract
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Enhanced antitumor activity of combined pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel in medullary thyroid cancer xenograft. Author(s): Kraeber-Bodere F, Sai-Maurel C, Campion L, Faivre-Chauvet A, Mirallie E, Cherel M, Supiot S, Barbet J, Chatal JF, Thedrez P. Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 2002 February; 1(4): 267-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12467222&dopt=Abstract
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Epidemiology and primary prevention of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Nagataki S, Nystrom E. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2002 October; 12(10): 889-96. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12487771&dopt=Abstract
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Epidemiology of reproductive and hormonal factors in thyroid cancer: evidence from a case-control study in the Middle East. Author(s): Memon A, Darif M, Al-Saleh K, Suresh A. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2002 January 1; 97(1): 82-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11774247&dopt=Abstract
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Equal induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 4 and 10 in thyroid cancer patients treated with radioactive iodine. Author(s): Puerto S, Marcos R, Ramirez MJ, Galofre P, Creus A, Surralles J. Source: Mutation Research. 2000 August 21; 469(1): 147-58. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10946251&dopt=Abstract
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Establishment and characterization of OCUT-1, an undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line expressing high level of telomerase. Author(s): Ogisawa K, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Takenaka C, Inaba M, Ogawa Y, Chung KH. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2002 August; 80(4): 197-203. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12210034&dopt=Abstract
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Estrogens in female thyroid cancer: alteration of urinary profiles in pre- and postoperative cases. Author(s): Lee SH, Kim KM, Jung BH, Chung WY, Park CS, Chung BC. Source: Cancer Letters. 2003 January 10; 189(1): 27-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12445674&dopt=Abstract
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Evaluation of germline sequence variants of GFRA1, GFRA2, and GFRA3 genes in a cohort of Spanish patients with sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Borrego S, Fernandez RM, Dziema H, Japon MA, Marcos I, Eng C, Antinolo G. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2002 November; 12(11): 1017-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490080&dopt=Abstract
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Evaluation of the levels of bFGF, VEGF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in serum of patients with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pasieka Z, Stepien H, Komorowski J, Kolomecki K, Kuzdak K. Source: Recent Results Cancer Res. 2003; 162: 189-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12790334&dopt=Abstract
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Expansion of microsatellite in the thyroid hormone receptor-alpha1 gene linked to increased receptor expression and less aggressive thyroid cancer. Author(s): Onda M, Li D, Suzuki S, Nakamura I, Takenoshita S, Brogren CH, Stampanoni S, Rampino N. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2002 September; 8(9): 2870-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12231529&dopt=Abstract
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Expression of the sodium iodide symporter and thyroglobulin genes are reduced in papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ringel MD, Anderson J, Souza SL, Burch HB, Tambascia M, Shriver CD, Tuttle RM. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2001 April; 14(4): 289-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11301345&dopt=Abstract
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Expression patterns of cellular growth-controlling genes in non-medullary thyroid cancer: basic aspects. Author(s): Sarlis NJ. Source: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. 2000 April; 1(3): 183-96. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11708296&dopt=Abstract
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External radiotherapy of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pollinger B, Duhmke E. Source: Onkologie. 2001 April; 24(2): 134-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11441292&dopt=Abstract
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False positive 131I whole body scans in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mitchell G, Pratt BE, Vini L, McCready VR, Harmer CL. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 June; 73(870): 627-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10911786&dopt=Abstract
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Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer in Iceland. Author(s): Hrafnkelsson J, Tulinius H, Jonasson JG, Sigvaldason H. Source: Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 March; 38(3): 189-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11303513&dopt=Abstract
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Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Alsanea O. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2000 October; 1(4): 345-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12061376&dopt=Abstract
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Familial occurrence of nonmedullary thyroid cancer: a population-based study of 5673 first-degree relatives of thyroid cancer patients from Norway. Author(s): Frich L, Glattre E, Akslen LA. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2001 February; 10(2): 113-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11219767&dopt=Abstract
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Familial thyroid cancer. Author(s): Alsanea O, Clark OH. Source: Current Opinion in Oncology. 2001 January; 13(1): 44-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11148685&dopt=Abstract
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FDG PET in thyroid cancer: thyroxine or not? Author(s): Grunwald F, Biersack HJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 December; 41(12): 1996-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11138684&dopt=Abstract
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Feasibility of a randomized trial on adjuvant radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Dragoiescu C, Hoekstra OS, Kuik DJ, Lips P, Plaizier MA, Rodrigus PT, Huijsmans DA, Ribot JG, Kuijpens J, Coebergh JW, Teule GJ. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2003 April; 58(4): 451-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12641628&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and iodine-131 wholebody scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Dietlein M, Scheidhauer K, Voth E, Theissen P, Schicha H. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1997 November; 24(11): 1342-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9371865&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in medullary thyroid cancer: results of a multicentre study. Author(s): Diehl M, Risse JH, Brandt-Mainz K, Dietlein M, Bohuslavizki KH, Matheja P, Lange H, Bredow J, Korber C, Grunwald F. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2001 November; 28(11): 1671-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11702109&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease in a patient with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Bakheet SM, Powe J. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 February; 39(2): 234-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9476924&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, a new technique for increasing the detection rate of coincident thyroid cancer in head and neck oncology. Author(s): Stokkel MP, de Klerk JM, Hordijk GJ. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2000 December; 257(10): 552-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11195035&dopt=Abstract
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Follicle-derived thyroid cancer in young people: the Duke experience. Author(s): McGregor LM, Rosoff PM. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 2001 March; 18(2): 89-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11255738&dopt=Abstract
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Follicular thyroid cancer cells: a model of metastatic tumor in vitro (review). Author(s): Hoelting T, Goretzki PE, Duh QY. Source: Oncol Rep. 2001 January-February; 8(1): 3-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11115561&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pacini F. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 August; 29 Suppl 2: S492-6. Epub 2002 June 13. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12192551&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of multiple diagnostic tests. Author(s): Dietlein M, Moka D, Scheidhauer K, Schmidt M, Theissen P, Voth E, Eschner W, Schicha H. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2000 November; 21(11): 991-1000. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11192718&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer: what is the value of FDG and sestamibi in the diagnostic algorithm? Author(s): Dietlein M, Scheidhauer K, Voth E, Theissen P, Schicha H. Source: Nuklearmedizin. 1998 January; 37(1): 12-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9467164&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of thyroid cancer patients with “poor prognosis”. Author(s): Toubert ME. Source: Annales D'endocrinologie. 2003 February; 64(1): 68-71. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12707640&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of thyroid cancer patients with favorable prognostic indicators. Author(s): Leboulleux S, Baudin E, Schlumberger M. Source: Annales D'endocrinologie. 2003 February; 64(1): 64-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12707639&dopt=Abstract
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Frequency and predictive factors of malignancy in residual thyroid tissue and cervical lymph nodes after partial thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Alzahrani AS, Al Mandil M, Chaudhary MA, Ahmed M, Mohammed GE. Source: Surgery. 2002 April; 131(4): 443-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11935135&dopt=Abstract
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Functional results and quality of life after tracheal resection for locally invasive thyroid cancer. Author(s): Sywak M, Pasieka JL, McFadden S, Gelfand G, Terrell J, Dort J. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 2003 May; 185(5): 462-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12727568&dopt=Abstract
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Gadd45gamma expression is reduced in anaplastic thyroid cancer and its reexpression results in apoptosis. Author(s): Chung HK, Yi YW, Jung NC, Kim D, Suh JM, Kim H, Park KC, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Song JH, Ku BJ, Han HJ, Ro HK, Kim JM, Shong M. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 August; 88(8): 3913-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12915687&dopt=Abstract
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Ganglioside reactive antibodies of IgG and IgM class in sera of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lewartowska A, Pacuszka T, Adler G, Panasiewicz M, Wojciechowska W. Source: Immunology Letters. 2002 February 1; 80(2): 129-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11750045&dopt=Abstract
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Gene therapy of rat medullary thyroid cancer by naked nitric oxide synthase II DNA injection. Author(s): Soler MN, Bobe P, Benihoud K, Lemaire G, Roos BA, Lausson S. Source: The Journal of Gene Medicine. 2000 September-October; 2(5): 344-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11045428&dopt=Abstract
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Gene therapy of thyroid cancer via retrovirally-driven combined expression of human interleukin-2 and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. Author(s): Barzon L, Bonaguro R, Castagliuolo I, Chilosi M, Franchin E, Del Vecchio C, Giaretta I, Boscaro M, Palu G. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2003 January; 148(1): 73-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12534360&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic alterations in differentiated thyroid cancer: what can be expected for gene expression profiling of thyroid carcinomas. Author(s): Santoro M, Melillo RM, Carlomagno F, Castellone MD, Vitagliano D, Guida T, Vecchio G, Fusco A. Source: Annales D'endocrinologie. 2003 February; 64(1): 62-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12707638&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic and biological subgroups of low-stage follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): French CA, Alexander EK, Cibas ES, Nose V, Laguette J, Faquin W, Garber J, Moore F Jr, Fletcher JA, Larsen PR, Kroll TG. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2003 April; 162(4): 1053-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12651598&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic disregulation of gene coding tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors (TNF alpha Rs) in follicular thyroid cancer--preliminary report. Author(s): Zubelewicz B, Muc-Wierzgon M, Wierzgon J, Romanowski W, Mazurek U, Wilczok T, Podwinska E. Source: J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2002 April-June; 16(2): 98-104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12144133&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic events in the evolution of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Freeman J, Carroll C, Asa S, Ezzat S. Source: The Journal of Otolaryngology. 2002 August; 31(4): 202-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12240753&dopt=Abstract
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Genetic predisposition to non-medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Houlston RS. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1998 October; 19(10): 911-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10234671&dopt=Abstract
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Genome-wide appraisal of thyroid cancer progression. Author(s): Wreesmann VB, Ghossein RA, Patel SG, Harris CP, Schnaser EA, Shaha AR, Tuttle RM, Shah JP, Rao PH, Singh B. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2002 November; 161(5): 1549-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12414503&dopt=Abstract
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Global skeletal uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in female patients receiving suppressive doses of L-thyroxine for differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Frusciante V, Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Zingrillo M, Dicembrino F, Giannatempo GM, Ghiggi MR, Minisola S. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 February; 25(2): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9473261&dopt=Abstract
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Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Hernandez A, Cespedes W, Xamena N, Surralles J, Creus A, Galofre P, Marcos R. Source: Cancer Letters. 2003 February 10; 190(1): 37-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12536075&dopt=Abstract
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Gonadal damage from 131I therapy for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mazzaferri EL. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2002 September; 57(3): 313-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12201822&dopt=Abstract
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Good prognosis in thyroid cancer found incidentally at surgery for thyrotoxicosis. Author(s): Vini L, Hyer S, Pratt B, Harmer C. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1999 March; 75(881): 169-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10448499&dopt=Abstract
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Graves' disease, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Author(s): Belfiore A, Russo D, Vigneri R, Filetti S. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2001 December; 55(6): 711-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11895209&dopt=Abstract
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Greater local recurrence occurs with “berry picking” than neck dissection in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Musacchio MJ, Kim AW, Vijungco JD, Prinz RA. Source: The American Surgeon. 2003 March; 69(3): 191-6; Discussion 196-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12678473&dopt=Abstract
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Growth inhibition and chemosensitivity of poorly differentiated human thyroid cancer cell line (NPA) transfected with p53 gene. Author(s): Kim SB, Ahn IM, Park HJ, Park JS, Cho HJ, Gong G, Suh C, Lee JS, Kim WK, Kim SH. Source: Head & Neck. 2001 March; 23(3): 223-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11428453&dopt=Abstract
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Growth inhibitory effects of flavonoids in human thyroid cancer cell lines. Author(s): Yin F, Giuliano AE, Van Herle AJ. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 1999 April; 9(4): 369-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10319943&dopt=Abstract
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Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kendall-Taylor P; Guidelines Working Group. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2003 April; 58(4): 400-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12641620&dopt=Abstract
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Guidelines for the use of radio-iodine, thyroid hormone, and treatment of metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Paloyan E, Walker RP, Lawrence AM. Source: Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1998 October; 7(4): 665-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9735128&dopt=Abstract
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Hanford: study leaves questions about increased thyroid cancer rates unanswered. Author(s): Kotz D. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 April; 41(4): 17N-18N, 21N, 25N. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10768551&dopt=Abstract
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Hayes Martin Lecture. Our AMES is true: how an old concept still hits the mark: or, risk group assignment points the arrow to rational therapy selection in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cady B. Source: American Journal of Surgery. 1997 November; 174(5): 462-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9374215&dopt=Abstract
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Health profiles and quality of life of 518 survivors of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schultz PN, Stava C, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R. Source: Head & Neck. 2003 May; 25(5): 349-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12692870&dopt=Abstract
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High frequency deletion of the tumour suppressor gene P16INK4a (MTS1) in human thyroid cancer cell lines. Author(s): Jones CJ, Shaw JJ, Wyllie FS, Gaillard N, Schlumberger M, Wynford-Thomas D. Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 1996 January 15; 116(1): 115-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8822272&dopt=Abstract
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High incidence of thyroid cancer in central Italy. Author(s): Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Bidoli E. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1998 July 29; 77(3): 481-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9663615&dopt=Abstract
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High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Author(s): Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, Knauf JA, Nikiforov YE, Fagin JA. Source: Cancer Research. 2003 April 1; 63(7): 1454-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12670889&dopt=Abstract
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High resolution loss of heterozygosity mapping of 17p13 in thyroid cancer: Hurthle cell carcinomas exhibit a small 411-kilobase common region of allelic imbalance, probably containing a novel tumor suppressor gene. Author(s): Farrand K, Delahunt B, Wang XL, McIver B, Hay ID, Goellner JR, Eberhardt NL, Grebe SK. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 October; 87(10): 4715-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12364463&dopt=Abstract
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Highly sensitive serum thyroglobulin and circulating thyroglobulin mRNA evaluations in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer in apparent remission. Author(s): Fugazzola L, Mihalich A, Persani L, Cerutti N, Reina M, Bonomi M, Ponti E, Mannavola D, Giammona E, Vannucchi G, di Blasio AM, Beck-Peccoz P. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 July; 87(7): 3201-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12107225&dopt=Abstract
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High-resolution ultrasound associated with aspiration biopsy in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Rodriguez JM, Reus M, Moreno A, Martinez M, Soria T, Carrasco L, Parrilla P. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 1997 December; 117(6): 694-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9419100&dopt=Abstract
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High-sensitive 2nd generation thyroglobulin immunoradiometric assay. Clinical application in differentiated thyroid cancer management. Author(s): Giovanella L, Ceriani L, Garancini S. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 2002 December; 46(4): 319-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12411872&dopt=Abstract
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High-sensitivity human thyroglobulin (hTG) immunoradiometric assay in the followup of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Giovanella L, Ceriani L. Source: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : Cclm / Fescc. 2002 May; 40(5): 480-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12113292&dopt=Abstract
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Histologic trends in thyroid cancer 1969-1993: a clinico-pathologic analysis of the relative proportion of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Author(s): Agrawal S, Rao RS, Parikh DM, Parikh HK, Borges AM, Sampat MB. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1996 December; 63(4): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8982370&dopt=Abstract
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Histological verification of positive fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose findings in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schluter B, Grimm-Riepe C, Beyer W, Lubeck M, Schirren-Bumann K, Clausen M. Source: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Chirurgie. 1998 April; 383(2): 187-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9641897&dopt=Abstract
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote apoptosis and differential cell cycle arrest in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Greenberg VL, Williams JM, Cogswell JP, Mendenhall M, Zimmer SG. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 April; 11(4): 315-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11349829&dopt=Abstract
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Histopathological characteristics of childhood thyroid cancer in Gomel, Belarus. Author(s): Ito M, Yamashita S, Ashizawa K, Hara T, Namba H, Hoshi M, Shibata Y, Sekine I, Kotova L, Panasyuk G, Demidchick EP, Nagataki S. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1996 January 3; 65(1): 29-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8543392&dopt=Abstract
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Hospital discharge policy in thyroid cancer patients treated with 131I: the effect of changing from fixed time to exposure rate threshold. Author(s): Mohammadi H, Saghari M. Source: Health Physics. 1997 March; 72(3): 476-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9030851&dopt=Abstract
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Human kallikrein 2 (hK2) mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid cancer: a novel molecular marker? Author(s): Roddiger SJ, Renneberg H, Martin T, Tunn UW, Zamboglou N, Kurek R. Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 2003 January; 129(1): 29-34. Epub 2003 February 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12618898&dopt=Abstract
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Human thyroid cancer cells as a source of iso-genic, iso-phenotypic cell lines with or without functional p53. Author(s): Wyllie FS, Haughton MF, Rowson JM, Wynford-Thomas D. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1999 March; 79(7-8): 1111-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10098744&dopt=Abstract
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Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Vaiana R, Cappelli C, Perini P, Pinelli D, Camoni G, Farfaglia R, Balzano R, Braga M. Source: Tumori. 1999 July-August; 85(4): 247-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10587026&dopt=Abstract
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Hyperthyroidism with concurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Zanella E, Rulli F, Sianesi M, Sciacchitano S, Danese D, Pontecorvi A, Farinon AM. Source: Ann Ital Chir. 2001 May-June; 72(3): 293-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11765347&dopt=Abstract
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I-123 imaging after recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone to diagnose metastatic disease in an intubated patient with papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Fish SA, Alavi A, Mandel SJ. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 December; 27(12): 895. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12607874&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of cervical lymph node dissection on serum TG and the course of disease in TG-positive, radioactive iodine whole body scan-negative recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Alzahrani AS, Raef H, Sultan A, Al Sobhi S, Ingemansson S, Ahmed M, Al Mahfouz A. Source: J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 June; 25(6): 526-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12109624&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of nodal metastases on prognosis in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Beasley NJ, Lee J, Eski S, Walfish P, Witterick I, Freeman JL. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 2002 July; 128(7): 825-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12117344&dopt=Abstract
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Importance of lymph node metastases in follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Witte J, Goretzki PE, Dieken J, Simon D, Roher HD. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2002 August; 26(8): 1017-22. Epub 2002 June 06. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12045860&dopt=Abstract
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In-111 DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy for disease detection in metastatic thyroid cancer: comparison with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography and extensive conventional radiographic imaging. Author(s): Sarlis NJ, Gourgiotis L, Guthrie LC, Galen B, Skarulis MC, Shawker TH, Patronas NJ, Reynolds JC. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 March; 28(3): 208-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12592128&dopt=Abstract
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Incidence and survival of Swedish patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lundgren CI, Hall P, Ekbom A, Frisell J, Zedenius J, Dickman PW. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2003 September 10; 106(4): 569-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12845654&dopt=Abstract
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Increased expression of phosphorylated p70S6 kinase and Akt in papillary thyroid cancer tissues. Author(s): Miyakawa M, Tsushima T, Murakami H, Wakai K, Isozaki O, Takano K. Source: Endocrine Journal. 2003 February; 50(1): 77-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12733712&dopt=Abstract
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Increased risk of thyroid cancer among women with hysterectomies. Author(s): Luoto R, Grenman S, Salonen S, Pukkala E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 January; 188(1): 45-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12548194&dopt=Abstract
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Increasing incidence and characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer in Huntington, West Virginia. Author(s): Merhy J, Driscoll HK, Leidy JW, Chertow BS. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 November; 11(11): 1063-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762717&dopt=Abstract
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Increasing the effectiveness of radioactive iodine therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer using Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Author(s): Zarnegar R, Brunaud L, Kanauchi H, Wong M, Fung M, Ginzinger D, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: Surgery. 2002 December; 132(6): 984-90; Discussion 990. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490845&dopt=Abstract
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Increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Canada, 1970-1996: time trends and age-periodcohort effects. Author(s): Liu S, Semenciw R, Ugnat AM, Mao Y. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2001 November 2; 85(9): 1335-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11720471&dopt=Abstract
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Influence of proliferation, differentiation and dedifferentiation factors on the expression of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin L (CL) in thyroid cancer cell lines. Author(s): Plehn A, Gunther D, Aurich H, Hoang-Vu C, Weber E. Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2000; 477: 487-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10849775&dopt=Abstract
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Initial results from a prospective cohort study of 5583 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the united states during 1996. U.S. and German Thyroid Cancer Study Group. An American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Patient Care Evaluation study. Author(s): Hundahl SA, Cady B, Cunningham MP, Mazzaferri E, McKee RF, Rosai J, Shah JP, Fremgen AM, Stewart AK, Holzer S. Source: Cancer. 2000 July 1; 89(1): 202-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897019&dopt=Abstract
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Innovative strategies for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schmutzler C, Koehrle J. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2000 July; 143(1): 15-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10870026&dopt=Abstract
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Interlaboratory comparison of thyroglobulin measurements for patients with recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Morris LF, Waxman AD, Braunstein GD. Source: Clinical Chemistry. 2002 August; 48(8): 1371-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12142399&dopt=Abstract
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Intraoperative ultrasonography improves identification of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Karwowski JK, Jeffrey RB, McDougall IR, Weigel RJ. Source: Surgery. 2002 December; 132(6): 924-8; Discussion 928-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490837&dopt=Abstract
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Iodine deficiency, radiation dose, and the risk of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in the Bryansk region of Russia following the Chernobyl power station accident. Author(s): Shakhtarin VV, Tsyb AF, Stepanenko VF, Orlov MY, Kopecky KJ, Davis S. Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2003 August; 32(4): 584-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12913034&dopt=Abstract
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Iodine-131 uptake in focal bronchiectasis mimicking metastatic thyroid cancer. Author(s): Song HC, Heo YJ, Kim SM, Bom HS. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2003 April; 28(4): 351-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12642729&dopt=Abstract
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Is a bilateral modified radical neck dissection beneficial for patients with papillary thyroid cancer? Author(s): Ohshima A, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Uchino S, Watanabe S, Koike E, Yamashita H, Kuroki S, Tanaka M. Source: Surgery Today. 2002; 32(12): 1027-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12541017&dopt=Abstract
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Is hepatitis C virus infection associated with thyroid cancer? A case-control study. Author(s): Montella M, Crispo A, Pezzullo L, Izzo F, Fabbrocini G, Ronga D, Tamburini M. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2000 August 15; 87(4): 611-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10918206&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of antigenicity of recombinant human thyrotropin after multiple injections in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Paterakis T, Ebels H, Mallick UK, Proud G, Jones N, Lennard T, Lucraft H, Fenwick J, Weightman D, Kendall-Taylor P, Perros P. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 July; 10(7): 623. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10958317&dopt=Abstract
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Lack of impact of radioiodine therapy in tg-positive, diagnostic whole-body scannegative patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Author(s): Fatourechi V, Hay ID, Javedan H, Wiseman GA, Mullan BP, Gorman CA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 April; 87(4): 1521-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11932275&dopt=Abstract
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Laparoscopic detection of hepatic metastases in patients with residual or recurrent medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Tung WS, Vesely TM, Moley JF. Source: Surgery. 1995 December; 118(6): 1024-9; Discussion 1029-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7491518&dopt=Abstract
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Leukaemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: estimation of radiation risks (1986-1995). Author(s): Ivanov VK, Tsyb AF, Gorsky AI, Maksyutov MA, Rastopchin EM, Konogorov AP, Korelo AM, Biryukov AP, Matyash VA. Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 1997 February; 36(1): 9-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9128893&dopt=Abstract
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Leukaemias and cancers following iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer. Author(s): de Vathaire F, Schlumberger M, Delisle MJ, Francese C, Challeton C, de la Genardiere E, Meunier F, Parmentier C, Hill C, Sancho-Garnier H. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 1997; 75(5): 734-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9043033&dopt=Abstract
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Leukemia after a small dose of radioiodine for metastatic thyroid cancer. Author(s): Bitton R, Sachmechi I, Benegalrao Y, Schneider BS. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1993 November; 77(5): 1423-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8077344&dopt=Abstract
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Leukemia developing after 131I treatment for thyroid cancer in a patient with Werner's syndrome: molecular and cytogenetic studies. Author(s): Takemoto Y, Hata T, Kamino K, Mitsuda N, Miki T, Kawagoe H, Ogihara T. Source: Intern Med. 1995 September; 34(9): 863-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8580557&dopt=Abstract
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Levothyroxine dose requirements for thyrotropin suppression in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Burmeister LA, Goumaz MO, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1992 August; 75(2): 34450. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1639933&dopt=Abstract
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Lifestyle and other risk factors for thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County females. Author(s): Mack WJ, Preston-Martin S, Bernstein L, Qian D. Source: Annals of Epidemiology. 2002 August; 12(6): 395-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12160598&dopt=Abstract
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Longchain serum fatty acids and risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based casecontrol study in Norway. Author(s): Berg JP, Glattre E, Haldorsen T, Hostmark AT, Bay IG, Johansen AF, Jellum E. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 1994 September; 5(5): 433-9. Erratum In: Cancer Causes Control 1995 March; 6(2): 182. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7999965&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term follow-up of 92 patients with locally advanced follicular or papillary thyroid cancer after combined treatment. Author(s): Glanzmann C, Lutolf UM. Source: Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ Der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft. [et Al]. 1992 May; 168(5): 260-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1598660&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term impact of initial and surgical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): DeGroot LJ. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1994 December; 97(6): 499-500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7985706&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1994 November; 97(5): 418-28. Erratum In: Am J Med 1995 February; 98(2): 215. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7977430&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term outcome of children with papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Vassilopoulou-Sellin R. Source: Surgery. 2001 June; 129(6): 769. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11391381&dopt=Abstract
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Long-term results of reoperation and localizing studies in patients with persistent or recurrent medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kebebew E, Kikuchi S, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2000 August; 135(8): 895-901. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10922248&dopt=Abstract
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Loss of heterozygosity of the long arm of chromosome 7 in follicular and anaplastic thyroid cancer, but not in papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Trovato M, Fraggetta F, Villari D, Batolo D, Mackey K, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1999 September; 84(9): 3235-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10487693&dopt=Abstract
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Lovastatin induces apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and de novo protein synthesis. Author(s): Zhong WB, Wang CY, Chang TC, Lee WS. Source: Endocrinology. 2003 September; 144(9): 3852-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12933658&dopt=Abstract
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Low-iodine diet in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer with radioactive iodine. Author(s): Sonenberg M. Source: Endocrine. 2002 March; 17(2): 141-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12041916&dopt=Abstract
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Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer: the need for selective treatment. Author(s): Shaha AR, Shah JP, Loree TR. Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology : the Official Journal of the Society of Surgical Oncology. 1997 June; 4(4): 328-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9181233&dopt=Abstract
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Lysophosphatidic acid, a novel lipid growth factor for human thyroid cells: overexpression of the high-affinity receptor edg4 in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schulte KM, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Oberhauser S, Roher HD. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 2001 April 15; 92(2): 249-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11291053&dopt=Abstract
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Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid cancer: new paradigms using recombinant human thyrotropin. Author(s): Mazzaferri EL, Massoll N. Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer. 2002 December; 9(4): 227-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12542401&dopt=Abstract
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Management of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Jones MK. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2002 July; 95(7): 325-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12091503&dopt=Abstract
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Management of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Vini L, Harmer C. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2002 July; 3(7): 407-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12142170&dopt=Abstract
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Massive rise in thyroglobulin with adult respiratory distress syndrome after embolisation of thyroid cancer metastasis. Author(s): Elshafie O, Hussein S, Jeans WD, Woodhouse NJ. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 May; 73(869): 547-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10884754&dopt=Abstract
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Measurement of thyroglobulin mRNA in peripheral blood as an adjunctive test for monitoring thyroid cancer. Author(s): Grammatopoulos D, Elliott Y, Smith SC, Brown I, Grieve RJ, Hillhouse EW, Levine MA, Ringel MD. Source: Molecular Pathology : Mp. 2003 June; 56(3): 162-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12782763&dopt=Abstract
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Medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kebebew E, Clark OH. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2000 October; 1(4): 359-67. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12057161&dopt=Abstract
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Medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Clayman GL, el-Baradie TS. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2003 February; 36(1): 91-105. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12803011&dopt=Abstract
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Metastatic thyroid cancer unresponsive to conventional therapies: novel management approaches through translational clinical research. Author(s): Sarlis NJ. Source: Current Drug Targets. Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2001 August; 1(2): 103-15. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12476792&dopt=Abstract
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Mitochondrial DNA alterations in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Tong BC, Ha PK, Dhir K, Xing M, Westra WH, Sidransky D, Califano JA. Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2003 March; 82(3): 170-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12619060&dopt=Abstract
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Molecular rearrangements and morphology in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kroll TG. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 2002 June; 160(6): 1941-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12057897&dopt=Abstract
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Multifactorial analysis of survival and recurrences in differentiated thyroid cancer. Comparative evaluation of usefulness of AGES, MACIS, and risk group scores in Mexican population. Author(s): Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Labastida-Almendaro S, Cortes-Arroyo H, Lopez-Garza J, Barroso-Bravo S. Source: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2002 March; 21(1): 79-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12071534&dopt=Abstract
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Multiple neoplasms in an irradiated cohort: pattern of occurrence and relationship to thyroid cancer outcome. Author(s): Mihailescu D, Shore-Freedman E, Mukani S, Lubin J, Ron E, Schneider AB. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 July; 87(7): 3236-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12107231&dopt=Abstract
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Neck and whole-body scanning with 5-mCi dose of (123)I as diagnostic tracer in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Gulzar Z, Jana S, Young I, Bukberg P, Yen V, Naddaf S, Abdel-Dayem HM. Source: Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2001 July-August; 7(4): 2449. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11497474&dopt=Abstract
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Neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor activity inhibits thyroid cancer growth in vivo. Author(s): Soh EY, Eigelberger MS, Kim KJ, Wong MG, Young DM, Clark OH, Duh QY. Source: Surgery. 2000 December; 128(6): 1059-65; Discussion 1065-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11114643&dopt=Abstract
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New research developments increase therapeutic options for thyroid cancer and bone pain palliation. Author(s): Williams JE. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1997 November; 38(11): 19N-20N, 26N. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9374327&dopt=Abstract
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New treatment regimen for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kerr C. Source: The Lancet Oncology. 2003 March; 4(3): 137. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12623354&dopt=Abstract
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No association between immunohistochemical expression of p53, c-erbB-2, Ki-67, estrogen and progesterone receptors in female papillary thyroid cancer and ionizing radiation. Author(s): Karlsson MG, Hardell L, Hallquist A. Source: Cancer Letters. 1997 December 9; 120(2): 173-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9461034&dopt=Abstract
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No evidence of increased chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes from nonfamilial thyroid cancer patients prior to radiotherapy. Author(s): Gil OM, Oliveira NG, Rodrigues AS, Laires A, Ferreira TC, Limbert E, Rueff J. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2000 November; 123(1): 55-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11120336&dopt=Abstract
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Non-131I-scintigraphy in the treatment and follow-up of thyroid cancer. Singlephoton-emitters or FDG-PET? Author(s): Grunwald F, Briele B, Biersack HJ. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 1999 September; 43(3): 195-206. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10568135&dopt=Abstract
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Non-medical exposure to radioiodines and thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hindie E, Leenhardt L, Vitaux F, Colas-Linhart N, Grosclaude P, Galle P, Aurengo A, Bok B. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 August; 29 Suppl 2: S497-512. Epub 2002 July 19. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12192552&dopt=Abstract
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Northern Cancer Network guidelines for management of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Regional Thyroid Cancer Group. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2000; 12(6): 373-91. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11202091&dopt=Abstract
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Nuclear medicine and thyroid cancer. Author(s): Jana S, Abdel-Dayem HM, Young I. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1999 December; 26(12): 1528-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10638402&dopt=Abstract
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Obstructive endotracheal lesions of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ahmed M, Saleem M, Al-Arifi A, Almahfouz A, Mahasin Z, Al-Sobhi S, Ingemansson S, Taibah K. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 August; 116(8): 613-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12389690&dopt=Abstract
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On target cell numbers in radiation-induced H4-RET mediated papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN, Little MP. Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 2001 September; 40(3): 191-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11783847&dopt=Abstract
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Operative strategy in follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Wang MY, Lin MT, Liaw KY. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 2002 December; 101(12): 820-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12632814&dopt=Abstract
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Opposite ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis to restore phonation in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Author(s): Miyauchi A, Yokozawa T, Kobayashi K, Hirai K, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K. Source: The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica. 2001 July; 167(7): 540-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11560391&dopt=Abstract
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Optimal treatment strategy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: a decision analysis. Author(s): Esnaola NF, Cantor SB, Sherman SI, Lee JE, Evans DB. Source: Surgery. 2001 December; 130(6): 921-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11742318&dopt=Abstract
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Optimizing the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mallick UK, Lucraft H, Proud G, Perros P, Fenwick J, Kendall-Taylor P, Johnson S, Lennard T, Ball S, James RA, Douglas F, Weightman DR. Source: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2000; 12(6): 363-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11202089&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome after treatment for papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lin JD, Hsieh SH, Chang HY, Huang CC, Chao TC. Source: Head & Neck. 2001 February; 23(2): 140-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11303631&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome and toxicity associated with maximum safe dose radioiodine treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer. Author(s): Robeson WR, Ellwood JE, Margulies P, Margouleff D. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 August; 27(8): 556-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12170000&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with negative diagnostic whole-body scanning and detectable stimulated thyroglobulin. Author(s): van Tol KM, Jager PL, de Vries EG, Piers DA, Boezen HM, Sluiter WJ, Dullaart RP, Links TP. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2003 June; 148(6): 589-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12773129&dopt=Abstract
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Outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer with detectable serum Tg and negative diagnostic (131)I whole body scan: comparison of patients treated with high (131)I activities versus untreated patients. Author(s): Pacini F, Agate L, Elisei R, Capezzone M, Ceccarelli C, Lippi F, Molinaro E, Pinchera A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 September; 86(9): 4092-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11549631&dopt=Abstract
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p73 tumor-suppressor activity is impaired in human thyroid cancer. Author(s): Frasca F, Vella V, Aloisi A, Mandarino A, Mazzon E, Vigneri R, Vigneri P. Source: Cancer Research. 2003 September 15; 63(18): 5829-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14522906&dopt=Abstract
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Papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Yim JH, Doherty GM. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2000 October; 1(4): 329-38. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12057158&dopt=Abstract
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Patterns of care for patients with primary differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland treated in Germany during 1996. U.S. and German Thyroid Cancer Group. Author(s): Holzer S, Reiners C, Mann K, Bamberg M, Rothmund M, Dudeck J, Stewart AK, Hundahl SA. Source: Cancer. 2000 July 1; 89(1): 192-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10897018&dopt=Abstract
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PET in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Khan N, Oriuchi N, Higuchi T, Zhang H, Endo K. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2003 October; 76(910): 690-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14512328&dopt=Abstract
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Population-based study of familial medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hemminki K, Dong C. Source: Familial Cancer. 2001; 1(1): 45-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14574015&dopt=Abstract
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Positron emission tomography in thyroid cancer management. Author(s): Larson SM, Robbins R. Source: Semin Roentgenol. 2002 April; 37(2): 169-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12134369&dopt=Abstract
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Postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cohen EG, Tuttle RM, Kraus DH. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2003 February; 36(1): 129-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12803014&dopt=Abstract
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Pregnancy following operative and complementary treatment of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pomorski L, Bartos M, Narebski J. Source: Zentralblatt Fur Gynakologie. 2000; 122(7): 383-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10951709&dopt=Abstract
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Prevalence of thyroid cancer in hyperthyroidism treated by surgery. Author(s): Lin CH, Chiang FY, Wang LF. Source: Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2003 August; 19(8): 379-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12962424&dopt=Abstract
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PTEN expression is reduced in a subset of sporadic thyroid carcinomas: evidence that PTEN-growth suppressing activity in thyroid cancer cells mediated by p27kip1. Author(s): Bruni P, Boccia A, Baldassarre G, Trapasso F, Santoro M, Chiappetta G, Fusco A, Viglietto G. Source: Oncogene. 2000 June 29; 19(28): 3146-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10918569&dopt=Abstract
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Quality-of-life changes in patients with thyroid cancer after withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. Author(s): Dow KH, Ferrell BR, Anello C. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 1997 August; 7(4): 613-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9292951&dopt=Abstract
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Quantification of salivary gland function in thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine. Author(s): Malpani BL, Samuel AM, Ray S. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1996 June 1; 35(3): 535-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8655377&dopt=Abstract
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Quantitative and qualitative differences in growth, invasion and lung colonization of an anaplastic and a papillary human thyroid cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Author(s): Boghaert ER, Ain K, Taylor K, Greenberg VL, Fowler C, Zimmer SG. Source: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis. 1996 October; 14(5): 440-50. Erratum In: Clin Exp Metastasis 1997 January; 15(1): 76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8871538&dopt=Abstract
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Quantitative detection of peripheral thyroglobulin mRNA has limited clinical value in the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Span PN, Sleegers MJ, van den Broek WJ, Ross HA, Nieuwlaat WA, Hermus AR, Sweep CG. Source: Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2003 January; 40(Pt 1): 94-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12542917&dopt=Abstract
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Quantitative radioiodine therapy in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Maxon HR. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 1999 December; 43(4): 313-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10731782&dopt=Abstract
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Radio-guided surgery for lymph node recurrences of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Salvatori M, Rufini V, Reale F, Gajate AM, Maussier ML, Revelli L, Troncone L, Ardito G. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 2003 July; 27(7): 770-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14509503&dopt=Abstract
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Radioiodine treatment with 30 mCi after recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation in thyroid cancer: effectiveness for postsurgical remnants ablation and possible role of iodine content in L-thyroxine in the outcome of ablation. Author(s): Barbaro D, Boni G, Meucci G, Simi U, Lapi P, Orsini P, Pasquini C, Piazza F, Caciagli M, Mariani G. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 September; 88(9): 4110-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12970272&dopt=Abstract
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ras mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Garcia-Rostan G, Zhao H, Camp RL, Pollan M, Herrero A, Pardo J, Wu R, Carcangiu ML, Costa J, Tallini G. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2003 September 1; 21(17): 3226-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12947056&dopt=Abstract
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Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Durski JM, Weigel RJ, McDougall IR. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2000 June; 21(6): 521-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10894560&dopt=Abstract
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Recombinant thyrotropin for detection of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ladenson PW. Source: Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2002; 113: 21-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12053710&dopt=Abstract
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Recurrent and/or metastatic thyroid cancer: therapeutic options. Author(s): Karavitaki N, Vlassopoulou V, Tzanela M, Tzavara I, Thalassinos N. Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2002 July; 3(7): 939-47. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12083993&dopt=Abstract
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Recurrent or persistent thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin. Author(s): Duren M, Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Clark OH. Source: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2000 October; 1(4): 339-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12057159&dopt=Abstract
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Reproductive factors and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in women. Author(s): Rossing MA, Voigt LF, Wicklund KG, Daling JR. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2000 April 15; 151(8): 765-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10965973&dopt=Abstract
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Retinoic acid redifferentiation therapy for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schmutzler C, Kohrle J. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 May; 10(5): 393-406. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10884186&dopt=Abstract
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Right thyroid hemiagenesis associated with papillary thyroid cancer and an ectopic prelaryngeal thyroid: a case report. Author(s): Huang SM, Chen HD, Wen TY, Kun MS. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 2002 May; 101(5): 368-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12101857&dopt=Abstract
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Scatter irradiation in childhood causes thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cohen A, van der Schaaf A. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 2002 June 17; 176(12): 570-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12064952&dopt=Abstract
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Scintigraphic evaluation of salivary gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid cancer after radioiodine treatment. Author(s): Caglar M, Tuncel M, Alpar R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2002 November; 27(11): 767-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12394122&dopt=Abstract
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Segregation of the V804L mutation and S836S polymorphism of exon 14 of the RET gene in an extended kindred with familial medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Patocs A, Valkusz Z, Igaz P, Balogh K, Toth M, Varga I, Racz K. Source: Clinical Genetics. 2003 March; 63(3): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12694233&dopt=Abstract
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Sensitivity of 123I whole-body scan and thyroglobulin in the detection of metastases or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): de Geus-Oei LF, Oei HY, Hennemann G, Krenning EP. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 June; 29(6): 768-74. Epub 2002 March 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12029550&dopt=Abstract
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Serum thyroglobulin and 131I whole body scan after recombinant human TSH stimulation in the follow-up of low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Torlontano M, Crocetti U, D'Aloiso L, Bonfitto N, Di Giorgio A, Modoni S, Valle G, Frusciante V, Bisceglia M, Filetti S, Schlumberger M, Trischitta V. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2003 January; 148(1): 19-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12534353&dopt=Abstract
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Serum thyroglobulin measurements in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Girelli ME, De Vido D. Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie. 2000 July; 54(6): 330-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10989968&dopt=Abstract
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Statins sentence thyroid cancer cells to death rho. Author(s): Robbins RJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 July; 88(7): 3019-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12843137&dopt=Abstract
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Surgical approach to cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Goss M, D'Amico S, Mobiglia A, Sargiotto A, Deandrea M. Source: Tumori. 2002 May-June; 88(3): S47-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12365389&dopt=Abstract
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Surveillance of TSH-suppressive levothyroxine treatment in thyroid cancer patients: TRH testing versus basal TSH determination by a third generation assay. Author(s): Gorges R, Saller B, Eising EG, Quadbeck B, Mann K, Bockisch A. Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. 2002 October; 110(7): 35560. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12397535&dopt=Abstract
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Surviving thyroid cancer. This silent cancer affects both young & old women. Author(s): Biller L. Source: Awhonn Lifelines / Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 2002 June-July; 6(3): 280, 277-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12078573&dopt=Abstract
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The helix-loop-helix protein, Id-1, is overexpressed and regulates growth in papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kebebew E, Treseler PA, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: Surgery. 2003 August; 134(2): 235-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12947323&dopt=Abstract
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The role of cell cycle regulatory protein, cyclin D1, in the progression of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Wang S, Lloyd RV, Hutzler MJ, Safran MS, Patwardhan NA, Khan A. Source: Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2000 August; 13(8): 882-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10955455&dopt=Abstract
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The role of external beam radiotherapy in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mazzarotto R, Cesaro MG, Lora O, Rubello D, Casara D, Sotti G. Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie. 2000 July; 54(6): 345-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10989971&dopt=Abstract
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The value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Brandt-Mainz K, Muller SP, Gorges R, Saller B, Bockisch A. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 May; 27(5): 490-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10853802&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid cancer in children: report of three cases and a review of the Japanese literature. Author(s): Matsuura K, Ogata T, Araki K, Kaneko A, Kobayashi M, Sugimoto T. Source: Surgery Today. 1997; 27(10): 961-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10870585&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid cancer prevalence after radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism. Author(s): Angusti T, Codegone A, Pellerito R, Favero A. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 June; 41(6): 1006-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10855625&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid cancer: 1999 update. Author(s): Tyler DS, Shaha AR, Udelsman RA, Sherman SI, Thompson NW, Moley JF, Evans DB. Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology : the Official Journal of the Society of Surgical Oncology. 2000 June; 7(5): 376-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10864346&dopt=Abstract
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TRAIL-induced apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells: potential for therapeutic intervention. Author(s): Ahmad M, Shi Y. Source: Oncogene. 2000 July 13; 19(30): 3363-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10918593&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of advanced medullary thyroid cancer with an alternating combination of doxorubicin-streptozocin and 5 FU-dacarbazine. Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs a Calcitonine (GETC). Author(s): Nocera M, Baudin E, Pellegriti G, Cailleux AF, Mechelany-Corone C, Schlumberger M. Source: British Journal of Cancer. 2000 September; 83(6): 715-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10952773&dopt=Abstract
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Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: phase 2 trial using ninetysix-hour infusion. Collaborative Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Health Intervention Trials (CATCHIT) Group. Author(s): Ain KB, Egorin MJ, DeSimone PA. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 July; 10(7): 587-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10958311&dopt=Abstract
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Unusual radioiodine uptake caused by metallic sutures in the skull in a patient with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Modoni S, Martino G, Guerra M, Frusciante V. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2000 December; 25(12): 1053-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11129153&dopt=Abstract
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Unusual radioiodine uptake in a patient with thyroid cancer and cranial metallic clips. Author(s): Campenni A, Minutoli F, Pecorella GR, Baldari S. Source: Nuklearmedizin. 2002 December; 41(6): N89-N90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12520663&dopt=Abstract
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Unusual types of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ain KB. Source: Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. 2000 April; 1(3): 225-31. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11708297&dopt=Abstract
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Use of a remote controlled radiotherapy afterloading system to manage unresectable, metastatic thyroid cancer in the trachea. Author(s): Nakashima T, Yano G, Nomura Y, Tomita K, Wada S, Hata K. Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (Eufos) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1994; 251 Suppl 1: S73-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11894782&dopt=Abstract
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Use of surgical gamma probe for the detection of lymph node metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lippi F, Capezzone M, Miccoli P, Traino C, Di Martino F, Angelini F, Spinelli C, Iacconi P, Pinchera A, Pacini F. Source: Tumori. 2000 July-August; 86(4): 367-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11016732&dopt=Abstract
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Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in diagnosing esophageal infiltration of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ohshima A, Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Uchino S, Watanabe S, Toda M, Yamashita H, Koike E, Takatsu K, Inomata M, Arita T. Source: J Endocrinol Invest. 2001 September; 24(8): 564-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11686537&dopt=Abstract
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Usefulness of recombinant human thyrotropin in the radiometabolic treatment of selected patients with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pellegriti G, Scollo C, Giuffrida D, Vigneri R, Squatrito S, Pezzino V. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 November; 11(11): 1025-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11762711&dopt=Abstract
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Usefulness of the diagnostic total body scan in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Doi SA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 February; 86(2): 949-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11158080&dopt=Abstract
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Using baseline and recombinant human TSH-stimulated Tg measurements to manage thyroid cancer without diagnostic (131)I scanning. Author(s): Wartofsky L. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 April; 87(4): 1486-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11932269&dopt=Abstract
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Using recombinant human TSH in the management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: current strategies and future directions. Author(s): Mazzaferri EL, Kloos RT. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 September; 10(9): 767-78. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11041454&dopt=Abstract
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Value of external irradiation for locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kim TH, Yang DS, Jung KY, Kim CY, Choi MS. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 2003 March 15; 55(4): 1006-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12605980&dopt=Abstract
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Value of mass screening for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Miki H, Inoue H, Komaki K, Uyama T, Morimoto T, Monden Y. Source: World Journal of Surgery. 1998 January; 22(1): 99-102. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9465769&dopt=Abstract
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Value of protein-bound radioactive iodine measurements in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer treated with (131)I. Author(s): Hammersley PA, Al-Saadi A, Chittenden S, Flux GD, McCready VR, Harmer CL. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2001 May; 74(881): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11388991&dopt=Abstract
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Value of stimulated serum thyroglobulin levels for detecting persistent or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer in high- and low-risk patients. Author(s): Duren M, Siperstein AE, Shen W, Duh QY, Morita E, Clark OH. Source: Surgery. 1999 July; 126(1): 13-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10418587&dopt=Abstract
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Variation in survival of adult patients with thyroid cancer in Europe. EUROCARE Working Group. Author(s): Teppo L, Hakulinen T. Source: European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 1998 December; 34(14 Spec No): 2248-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10070295&dopt=Abstract
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Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is higher in differentiated thyroid cancer than in normal or benign thyroid. Author(s): Soh EY, Duh QY, Sobhi SA, Young DM, Epstein HD, Wong MG, Garcia YK, Min YD, Grossman RF, Siperstein AE, Clark OH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1997 November; 82(11): 3741-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9360534&dopt=Abstract
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Vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts in nude mice. Author(s): Bauer AJ, Terrell R, Doniparthi NK, Patel A, Tuttle RM, Saji M, Ringel MD, Francis GL. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2002 November; 12(11): 953-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490072&dopt=Abstract
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Visualization of jugular vein on a thallium-201 scan for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Nakano S, Hasegawa Y, Kuriyama K, Kajita A, Ishigami S. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1989 June; 14(6): 449-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2743696&dopt=Abstract
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Visualization of the thymus with therapeutic doses of radioiodine in patients with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Michigishi T, Mizukami Y, Shuke N, Yokoyama K, Noguchi M, Watanabe Y, Matsui O, Aburano T, Tonami N, Hisada K. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1993 January; 20(1): 75-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8267685&dopt=Abstract
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Vitiligo, autoimmune thyroiditis: a rare thyroid cancer arising with bone metastates on maxillofacial area. Author(s): Frati R, Frati C, Sassano PP, Antonaci A. Source: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 1999 March; 18(1): 85-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10374684&dopt=Abstract
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Well differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Kinder BK. Source: Current Opinion in Oncology. 2003 January; 15(1): 71-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12490765&dopt=Abstract
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Well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Jossart GH, Clark OH. Source: Current Problems in Surgery. 1994 December; 31(12): 933-1012. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7956323&dopt=Abstract
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What causes thyroid cancer? Author(s): Ziegler J. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1997 December 3; 89(23): 1754. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9392614&dopt=Abstract
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What is the optimal treatment of nodal metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer? Author(s): King WW, Li AK. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery. 1994 December; 64(12): 815-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7980252&dopt=Abstract
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What is the role of 1100 MBq (< 30 mCi) radioiodine 131I in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer? Author(s): van Wyngaarden M, McDougall IR. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1996 March; 17(3): 199-207. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8692486&dopt=Abstract
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Why are thyroid cancer rates so high in southeast asian women living in the United States? The bay area thyroid cancer study. Author(s): Haselkorn T, Stewart SL, Horn-Ross PL. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2003 February; 12(2): 144-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12582024&dopt=Abstract
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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and thyroid cancer.
Finding Nutrition Studies on Thyroid Cancer The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail:
[email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.
7 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “thyroid cancer” (or a synonym): •
A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. I. Methods. Author(s): Laboratory of General Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
[email protected] Source: Negri, E Ron, E Franceschi, S Dal Maso, L Mark, S D Preston Martin, S McTiernan, A Kolonel, L Kleinerman, R Land, C Jin, F Wingren, G Galanti, M R Hallquist, A Glattre, E Lund, E Levi, F Linos, D Braga, C La Vecchia, C Cancer-CausesControl. 1999 April; 10(2): 131-42 0957-5243
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Actin architecture of cultured human thyroid cancer cells: predictor of differentiation? Author(s): Surgical Service Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121. Source: Demeure, M J Hughes Fulford, M Goretzki, P E Duh, Q Y Clark, O H Surgery. 1990 December; 108(6): 986-92; discussion 992-3 0039-6060
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Aetiology of thyroid cancer: an epidemiological overview. Author(s): Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale del CNR, Roma, Italy. Source: Salabe, G B Thyroidology. 1994 April; 6(1): 11-9
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An epidemiologic study of thyroid cancer in Hawaii. Author(s): Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Source: Kolonel, L N Hankin, J H Wilkens, L R Fukunaga, F H Hinds, M W CancerCauses-Control. 1990 November; 1(3): 223-34 0957-5243
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Assessment of combined radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Garden State Cancer Center, Belleville, New Jersey 07109, USA. Source: Stein, R Juweid, M Zhang, C H Goldenberg, D M Clin-Cancer-Res. 1999 October; 5(10 Suppl): 3199s-3206s 1078-0432
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Benign thyroid disease and dietary factors in thyroid cancer: a case-control study in Kuwait. Author(s): Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
[email protected] Source: Memon, A Varghese, A Suresh, A Br-J-Cancer. 2002 June 5; 86(11): 1745-50 00070920
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Bone changes in pre- and postmenopausal women with thyroid cancer on levothyroxine therapy: evolution of axial and appendicular bone mass. Author(s): Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Source: Jodar, E Begona Lopez, M Garcia, L Rigopoulou, D Martinez, G Hawkins, F Osteoporos-Int. 1998; 8(4): 311-6 0937-941X
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Case-control study of thyroid cancer in Northern Italy: attributable risk. Author(s): Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
[email protected] Source: Fioretti, F Tavani, A Gallus, S Franceschi, S Negri, E La Vecchia, C Int-JEpidemiol. 1999 August; 28(4): 626-30 0300-5771
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Ceramide-induced apoptosis of human thyroid cancer cells resistant to apoptosis by irradiation. Author(s): Department of International Health and Radiation Research, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Source: Sautin, Y Takamura, N Shklyaev, S Nagayama, Y Ohtsuru, A Namba, H Yamashita, S Thyroid. 2000 September; 10(9): 733-40 1050-7256 •
Clinical impact of retinoids in redifferentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer: final results of a pilot study. Author(s): Department of Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
[email protected] Source: Simon, D Korber, C Krausch, M Segering, J Groth, P Gorges, R Grunwald, F Muller Gartner, H W Schmutzler, C Kohrle, J Roher, H D Reiners, C Eur-J-Nucl-MedMol-Imaging. 2002 June; 29(6): 775-82 1619-7070
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Clonally related but phenotypically divergent human cancer cell lines derived from a single follicular thyroid cancer recurrence (TT2609). Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit and Medical School Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[email protected] Source: Geldof, A A Versteegh LRT van Mourik, J C Rooimans, M A Arwert, F Hermsen, M A Schadee Eestermans, I L van Dongen, G A van der Valk, P van der Clement EHP Lips, P Teule, G J Thyroid. 2001 October; 11(10): 909-17 1050-7256
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Combined chemotherapy with bleomycin, adriamycin, and platinum in advanced thyroid cancer. Author(s): Divisione Oncologia Medica, U.L.S.S. N. 21, Padova, Italy. Source: De Besi, P Busnardo, B Toso, S Girelli, M E Nacamulli, D Simioni, N Casara, D Zorat, P Fiorentino, M V J-Endocrinol-Invest. 1991 June; 14(6): 475-80 0391-4097
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Degree of thyrotropin suppression in differentiated thyroid cancer without recurrence or metastases. Author(s): Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ankara University Medical School, Turkey. Source: Kamel, N Gullu, S Dagci Ilgin, S Corapcioglu, D Tonyukuk Cesur, V Uysal, A R Baskal, N Erdogan, G Thyroid. 1999 December; 9(12): 1245-8 1050-7256
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Diagnostic value of technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy in detecting thyroid cancer metastases: a critical evaluation. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan. Source: Alam, M S Kasagi, K Misaki, T Miyamoto, S Iwata, M Iida, Y Konishi, J Thyroid. 1998 December; 8(12): 1091-100 1050-7256
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Efficacy of high therapeutic doses of iodine-131 in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and detectable serum thyroglobulin. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Source: de Keizer, B Koppeschaar, H P Zelissen, P M Lips, C J van Rijk, P P van Dijk, A de Klerk, J M Eur-J-Nucl-Med. 2001 February; 28(2): 198-202 0340-6997
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Follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Source: Grebe, S K Hay, I D Endocrinol-Metab-Clin-North-Am. 1995 December; 24(4): 761-801 0889-8529
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Global skeletal uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in female patients receiving suppressive doses of L-thyroxine for differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, IRCCS di San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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Source: Frusciante, V Carnevale, V Scillitani, A Zingrillo, M Dicembrino, F Giannatempo, G M Ghiggi, M R Minisola, S Eur-J-Nucl-Med. 1998 February; 25(2): 13943 0340-6997 •
Growth inhibitory effects of flavonoids in human thyroid cancer cell lines. Author(s): Division of Endocrinology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA. Source: Yin, F Giuliano, A E Van Herle, A J Thyroid. 1999 April; 9(4): 369-76 1050-7256
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Guidelines for the use of radio-iodine, thyroid hormone, and treatment of metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hinsdale Hospital, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA. Source: Paloyan, E Walker, R P Lawrence, A M Surg-Oncol-Clin-N-Am. 1998 October; 7(4): 665-80 1055-3207
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Highly sensitive determination of TSH in the follow-up of TSH-suppressive therapy of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Munich, FRG. Source: Mann, K Saller, B Mehl, U Hormann, R Moser, E Nuklearmedizin. 1988 February; 27(1): 24-8 0029-5566
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote apoptosis and differential cell cycle arrest in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): University of Kentucky, Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Lexington 40536, USA. Source: Greenberg, V L Williams, J M Cogswell, J P Mendenhall, M Zimmer, S G Thyroid. 2001 April; 11(4): 315-25 1050-7256
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Influence of L-thyroxine on cardiac function in athyreotic thyroid cancer patients--an echophonocardiographic study. Author(s): II. Medizinische Universitats-Klinik, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Stadt Wien, Osterreich. Source: Punzengruber, C Weissel, M Klin-Wochenschr. 1988 August 15; 66(16): 729-35 0023-2173
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Longchain serum fatty acids and risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based casecontrol study in Norway. Author(s): Hormone Laboratory, Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Source: Berg, J P Glattre, E Haldorsen, T Hostmark, A T Bay, I G Johansen, A F Jellum, E Cancer-Causes-Control. 1994 September; 5(5): 433-9 0957-5243
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Low-iodine diet in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer with radioactive iodine. Author(s):
[email protected] Source: Sonenberg, M Endocrine. 2002 March; 17(2): 141-3 0969-711X
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Management of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Thyroid Nodule and Oncology Clinical Service, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Centre, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. Source: Ain, K B Baillieres-Best-Pract-Res-Clin-Endocrinol-Metab. 2000 December; 14(4): 615-29 1521-690X
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Metastatic thyroid cancer unresponsive to conventional therapies: novel management approaches through translational clinical research. Author(s): Clinical Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm 8D12C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
[email protected] Source: Sarlis, N J Curr-Drug-Targets-Immune-Endocr-Metabol-Disord. 2001 August; 1(2): 103-15 1568-0088
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Minimal thyroid cancer: clinical consequences. Author(s): Klinik und Poliklinik fur Nuklearmedizin, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, FRG. Source: Bottger, I G Recent-Results-Cancer-Res. 1988; 106139-45 0080-0015
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Monitoring isotretinoin therapy in thyroid cancer using 18F-FDG PET. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
[email protected] Source: Boerner, A R Petrich, T Weckesser, E Fricke, H Hofmann, M Otto, D Weckesser, M Langen, K J Knapp, W H Eur-J-Nucl-Med-Mol-Imaging. 2002 February; 29(2): 231-6 1619-7070
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Norwegian case-control study testing the hypothesis that seafood increases the risk of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo. Source: Glattre, E Haldorsen, T Berg, J P Stensvold, I Solvoll, K Cancer-Causes-Control. 1993 January; 4(1): 11-6 0957-5243
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On the cells of origin of radiogenic thyroid cancer: new studies based on an old idea. Author(s): Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Madison 53792. Source: Clifton, K H Domann, F E Groch, K M J-Radiat-Res-(Tokyo). 1991 December; 32 Suppl 2143-55 0449-3060
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Phenylacetate enhances the antiproliferative effect of retinoic acid in follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco/Mount Zion Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif., USA. Source: Eigelberger, M S Wong, M G Duh, Q Y Clark, O H Surgery. 2001 December; 130(6): 931-5 0039-6060
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Prognostic value of serial serum thyroglobulin determinations after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Endocrine Division, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil. Source: Lima, N Cavaliere, H Tomimori, E Knobel, M Medeiros Neto, G J-EndocrinolInvest. 2002 February; 25(2): 110-5 0391-4097
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Radioiodine ablation and therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer under stimulation with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone. Author(s): Department of Oncology, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[email protected] Source: Berg, G Lindstedt, G Suurkula, M Jansson, S J-Endocrinol-Invest. 2002 Jan; 25(1): 44-52 0391-4097
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Radioiodine-131 in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic well differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Hospital, Ohio.
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Source: Maxon, H R 3rd Smith, H S Endocrinol-Metab-Clin-North-Am. 1990 September; 19(3): 685-718 0889-8529 •
Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) in the radioablation of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: preliminary therapeutic experience. Author(s): Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
[email protected] Source: Perros, P J-Endocrinol-Invest. 1999; 22(11 Suppl): 30-4 0391-4097
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Recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
[email protected] Source: Krausz, Y Uziely, B Nesher, R Chisin, R Glaser, B Isr-Med-Assoc-J. 2001 November; 3(11): 843-9 1565-1088
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Recombinant thyrotropin for detection of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
[email protected] Source: Ladenson, P W Trans-Am-Clin-Climatol-Assoc. 2002; 113: 21-30 0065-7778
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Recurrent and/or metastatic thyroid cancer: therapeutic options. Author(s): Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, GR 10675, Greece. Source: Karavitaki, N Vlassopoulou, V Tzanela, M Tzavara, I Thalassinos, N ExpertOpin-Pharmacother. 2002 July; 3(7): 939-47 1465-6566
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Retinoic acid redifferentiation therapy for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Medizinische Poliklinik, Abteilung Molekulare Innere Medizin und Klinische Forschergruppe, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany.
[email protected] Source: Schmutzler, C Kohrle, J Thyroid. 2000 May; 10(5): 393-406 1050-7256
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Risk factors for thyroid cancer in northern Italy. Author(s): Epidemiology Unit, Aviano Cancer Centre, Italy. Source: Franceschi, S Fassina, A Talamini, R Mazzolini, A Vianello, S Bidoli, E Serraino, D La Vecchia, C Int-J-Epidemiol. 1989 September; 18(3): 578-84 0300-5771
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Risk factors of thyroid cancer among women in Tokai, Japan. Author(s): Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. Source: Takezaki, T Hirose, K Inoue, M Hamajima, N Kuroishi, T Nakamura, S Koshikawa, T Matsuura, H Tajima, K J-Epidemiol. 1996 September; 6(3): 140-7 0917-5040
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Safety of completion thyroidectomy following unilateral lobectomy for welldifferentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Source: Kupferman, M E Mandel, S J DiDonato, L Wolf, P Weber, R S Laryngoscope. 2002 July; 112(7 Pt 1): 1209-12 0023-852X
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Selective cytotoxic activity of a novel ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor MDL-101,731 against thyroid cancer in vitro. Author(s): Pediatric Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, University Clinics of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
[email protected] Source: Kotchetkov, R Krivtchik, A A Cinatl, J Kornhuber, B Cinatl, J Folia-Biol-(Praha). 1999; 45(5): 185-91 0015-5500
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Sensitivity of 123I whole-body scan and thyroglobulin in the detection of metastases or recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Rotterdam, Dijkzigt, The Netherlands.
[email protected] Source: de Geus Oei, L F Oei, H Y Hennemann, G Krenning, E P Eur-J-Nucl-Med-MolImaging. 2002 June; 29(6): 768-74 1619-7070
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Somatostatins and their role in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK.
[email protected] Source: England, R J A Atkin, S L Clin-Otolaryngol. 2002 April; 27(2): 120-3 0307-7772
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Surveillance after treatment for well differentiated thyroid cancer: audit for chest radiography. Author(s): Thyroid Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. Source: Powell, M E Moskovic, E C Harmer, C L Clin-Oncol-(R-Coll-Radiol). 1994; 6(3): 151-3 0936-6555
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Susceptibility of thyroid cancer cells to 7-hydroxystaurosporine-induced apoptosis correlates with Bcl-2 protein level. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA. Source: Wang, S H Phelps, E Utsugi, S Baker, J R Jr Thyroid. 2001 August; 11(8): 725-31 1050-7256
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The association of body size, reproductive factors and thyroid cancer. Author(s): Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813. Source: Goodman, M T Kolonel, L N Wilkens, L R Br-J-Cancer. 1992 December; 66(6): 1180-4 0007-0920
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The roles of cytokines and retinoic acid in the regulation of human thyroid cancer cell growth. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C. Source: Lin, J D Chao, T C Weng, H F Lin, K D Cytokine. 1998 July; 10(7): 536-9 10434666
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Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents--consequences in later life. Author(s): Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[email protected] Source: Wiersinga, W M J-Pediatr-Endocrinol-Metab. 2001; 14 Suppl 5: 1289-96; discussion 1297-8
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Thyroid cancer with a high 123I-NaI uptake in primary and metastatic foci with euthyroidism. Author(s): Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan. Source: Nakayama, C Nakata, H Zeze, F Eto, S Ichiya, Y Eur-J-Nucl-Med. 1987; 13(9): 480-1 0340-6997
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Thyrotoxicosis due to metastatic papillary thyroid cancer in a patient with Graves' disease. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Source: Basaria, S Salvatori, R J-Endocrinol-Invest. 2002 Jul-August; 25(7): 639-42 03914097
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Thyrotropin suppression and disease progression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: results from the National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Registry. Author(s): Division of Endocrinology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland 21215, USA. Source: Cooper, D S Specker, B Ho, M Sperling, M Ladenson, P W Ross, D S Ain, K B Bigos, S T Brierley, J D Haugen, B R Klein, I Robbins, J Sherman, S I Taylor, T Maxon, H R Thyroid. 1998 September; 8(9): 737-44 1050-7256
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Transplantable rat thyroid cancer cell line FRTC transformed with muramyl dipeptide. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine 4, Saitama Medical School, Japan. Source: Iitaka, M Fukasawa, N Kitahama, S Miura, S Kawakami, Y Sato, H Sugano, S Ishii, J Katayama, S Br-J-Cancer. 1997; 75(1): 40-6 0007-0920
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Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: phase 2 trial using ninetysix-hour infusion. Collaborative Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Health Intervention Trials (CATCHIT) Group. Author(s): Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
[email protected] Source: Ain, K B Egorin, M J DeSimone, P A Thyroid. 2000 July; 10(7): 587-94 1050-7256
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TSH and thyroid cancer. Author(s): Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Source: Williams, E D Horm-Metab-Res-Suppl. 1990; 2372-5 0170-5903
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Using recombinant human TSH in the management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: current strategies and future directions. Author(s): Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
[email protected] Source: Mazzaferri, E L Kloos, R T Thyroid. 2000 September; 10(9): 767-78 1050-7256
Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •
healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0
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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov
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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov
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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/
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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/
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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/
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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/
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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •
AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/
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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html
The following is a specific Web list relating to thyroid cancer; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: •
Minerals Iodine Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Iodine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com
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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to thyroid cancer. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to thyroid cancer and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to thyroid cancer: •
131I whole body scintigraphy in thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Lind P. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 1999 September; 43(3): 188-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10568134&dopt=Abstract
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18F-FDG for the staging of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of a dual-head coincidence gamma camera with dedicated PET. Author(s): Tiepolt C, Beuthien-Baumann B, Hliscs R, Bredow J, Kuhne A, Kropp J, Burchert W, Franke WG. Source: Ann Nucl Med. 2000 October; 14(5): 339-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11108162&dopt=Abstract
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18F-FDG-PET in the follow-up of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lind P, Kresnik E, Kumnig G, Gallowitsch HJ, Igerc I, Matschnig S, Gomez I. Source: Acta Medica Austriaca. 2003; 30(1): 17-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12558561&dopt=Abstract
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99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC and (18)F-FDG in thyroid cancer patients with negative (131)I whole-body scans. Author(s): Gabriel M, Froehlich F, Decristoforo C, Ensinger C, Donnemiller E, Von Guggenberg E, Heute D, Moncayo R. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2003 November 19 [epub Ahead of Print] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14625664&dopt=Abstract
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Adjuvant treatment of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Beauduin M, Hermans J, Majois F. Source: Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1987; 41(5): 944-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3454107&dopt=Abstract
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Assessment of combined radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Stein R, Juweid M, Zhang CH, Goldenberg DM. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1999 October; 5(10 Suppl): 3199S-3206S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10541364&dopt=Abstract
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Chemotherapy for thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hoskin PJ, Harmer C. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 1987 November; 10(3): 187-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2448847&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical experience with recombinant human thyrotrophin (rhTSH) in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mariani G, Ferdeghini M, Augeri C, Villa G, Taddei GZ, Scopinaro G, Boni G, Bodei L, Rabitti C, Molinari E, Bianchi R. Source: Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals. 2000 April; 15(2): 211-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10803328&dopt=Abstract
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Clinical usefulness of FDG PET in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Macapinlac HA.
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Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Zimmer LA, McCook B, Meltzer C, Fukui M, Bascom D, Snyderman C, Townsend DW, Johnson JT. Source: Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2003 February; 128(2): 178-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12601311&dopt=Abstract
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Comparison of 123I scintigraphy at 5 and 24 hours in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Shankar LK, Yamamoto AJ, Alavi A, Mandel SJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2002 January; 43(1): 72-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11801706&dopt=Abstract
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Complementary role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and 131I scan in the follow-up of post-therapy differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Hsu CH, Liu RS, Wu CH, Chen SM, Shih LS. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 2002 July; 101(7): 459-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12353337&dopt=Abstract
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Cytochrome c release is upstream to activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 in the enhanced apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells induced by manumycin and paclitaxel. Author(s): Pan J, Xu G, Yeung SC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001 October; 86(10): 4731-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11600533&dopt=Abstract
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Diagnosis in medullary thyroid cancer with [18F]FDG-PET and improvement using a combined PET/CT scanner. Author(s): Bockisch A, Brandt-Mainz K, Gorges R, Muller S, Stattaus J, Antoch G. Source: Acta Medica Austriaca. 2003; 30(1): 22-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12558562&dopt=Abstract
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Effects of vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil on human glioma and thyroid cancer cell monolayers and spheroids. Author(s): Nederman T. Source: Cancer Research. 1984 January; 44(1): 254-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6690037&dopt=Abstract
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Elevated F-18 FDG uptake in laryngeal muscles mimicking thyroid cancer metastases. Author(s): Zhu Z, Chou C, Yen TC, Cui R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 2001 August; 26(8): 689-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11452175&dopt=Abstract
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Enhanced antitumor activity of combined pretargeted radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel in medullary thyroid cancer xenograft. Author(s): Kraeber-Bodere F, Sai-Maurel C, Campion L, Faivre-Chauvet A, Mirallie E, Cherel M, Supiot S, Barbet J, Chatal JF, Thedrez P.
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Epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and tyrosine kinase in vitro. Author(s): Holting T, Siperstein AE, Clark OH, Duh QY. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 1995 February; 132(2): 229-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7858744&dopt=Abstract
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Evaluation of low-dose radioiodine ablation therapy in postsurgical thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Ramanna L, Waxman AD, Brachman MB, Tanasescu DE, Sensel N, Braunstein GD. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1985 November; 10(11): 791-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4075672&dopt=Abstract
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False positive 131I whole body scans in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Mitchell G, Pratt BE, Vini L, McCready VR, Harmer CL. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2000 June; 73(870): 627-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10911786&dopt=Abstract
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Feasibility of a randomized trial on adjuvant radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Dragoiescu C, Hoekstra OS, Kuik DJ, Lips P, Plaizier MA, Rodrigus PT, Huijsmans DA, Ribot JG, Kuijpens J, Coebergh JW, Teule GJ. Source: Clinical Endocrinology. 2003 April; 58(4): 451-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12641628&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose dual-head positron emission tomography in the detection of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer: preliminary results. Author(s): Stokkel MP, de Klerk JH, Zelissen PM, Koppeschaar HP, van Rijk PP. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1999 December; 26(12): 1606-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10638413&dopt=Abstract
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Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease in a patient with thyroid cancer. Author(s): Bakheet SM, Powe J. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 February; 39(2): 234-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9476924&dopt=Abstract
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Follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer: what is the value of FDG and sestamibi in the diagnostic algorithm? Author(s): Dietlein M, Scheidhauer K, Voth E, Theissen P, Schicha H. Source: Nuklearmedizin. 1998 January; 37(1): 12-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9467164&dopt=Abstract
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Growth inhibitory effects of flavonoids in human thyroid cancer cell lines. Author(s): Yin F, Giuliano AE, Van Herle AJ. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 1999 April; 9(4): 369-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10319943&dopt=Abstract
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Growth regulation of the human papillary thyroid cancer cell line by protein tyrosine kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Author(s): Hishinuma A, Yamanaka T, Kasai K, So S, Bamba N, Shimoda SI. Source: Endocrine Journal. 1994 August; 41(4): 399-407. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8528355&dopt=Abstract
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Histological verification of positive fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose findings in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Schluter B, Grimm-Riepe C, Beyer W, Lubeck M, Schirren-Bumann K, Clausen M. Source: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Chirurgie. 1998 April; 383(2): 187-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9641897&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of cervical lymph node dissection on serum TG and the course of disease in TG-positive, radioactive iodine whole body scan-negative recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Alzahrani AS, Raef H, Sultan A, Al Sobhi S, Ingemansson S, Ahmed M, Al Mahfouz A. Source: J Endocrinol Invest. 2002 June; 25(6): 526-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12109624&dopt=Abstract
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Impact of FDG PET on patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who present with elevated thyroglobulin and negative 131I scan. Author(s): Schluter B, Bohuslavizki KH, Beyer W, Plotkin M, Buchert R, Clausen M.
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Influence of initial large dose on subsequent uptake of therapeutic radioiodine in thyroid cancer patients. Author(s): Jeevanram RK, Shah DH, Sharma SM, Ganatra RD. Source: Int J Rad Appl Instrum B. 1986; 13(3): 277-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3771260&dopt=Abstract
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Initial experience with high-dose radioimmunotherapy of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer using 131I-MN-14 F(ab)2 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen MAb and AHSCR. Author(s): Juweid ME, Hajjar G, Stein R, Sharkey RM, Herskovic T, Swayne LC, Suleiman S, Pereira M, Rubin AD, Goldenberg DM. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 January; 41(1): 93-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10647610&dopt=Abstract
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Intraoperative ultrasonography for localization of recurrent thyroid cancer. Author(s): Desai D, Jeffrey RB, McDougall IR, Weigel RJ. Source: Surgery. 2001 April; 129(4): 498-500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11283542&dopt=Abstract
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Iodine supplementation in Sweden and regional trends in thyroid cancer incidence by histopathologic type. Author(s): Pettersson B, Coleman MP, Ron E, Adami HO. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1996 January 3; 65(1): 13-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8543389&dopt=Abstract
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Iodine-131 uptake in a patient with thyroid cancer and rheumatoid arthritis during acupuncture treatment. Author(s): Otsuka N, Fukunaga M, Morita K, Ono S, Nagai K, Katagiri M, Harada T, Morita R. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1990 January; 15(1): 29-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2306894&dopt=Abstract
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Isotope imaging for metastatic thyroid cancer. Author(s): Haugen BR, Lin EC.
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Longchain serum fatty acids and risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based casecontrol study in Norway. Author(s): Berg JP, Glattre E, Haldorsen T, Hostmark AT, Bay IG, Johansen AF, Jellum E. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 1994 September; 5(5): 433-9. Erratum In: Cancer Causes Control 1995 March; 6(2): 182. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7999965&dopt=Abstract
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Low-dose and high-dose radioiodine in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ryo UY. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1977 July; 63(1): 167-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=879192&dopt=Abstract
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Management of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ain KB. Source: Bailliere's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000 December; 14(4): 615-29. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11289738&dopt=Abstract
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Monitoring isotretinoin therapy in thyroid cancer using 18F-FDG PET. Author(s): Boerner AR, Petrich T, Weckesser E, Fricke H, Hofmann M, Otto D, Weckesser M, Langen KJ, Knapp WH. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2002 February; 29(2): 231-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11926385&dopt=Abstract
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Non-131I-scintigraphy in the treatment and follow-up of thyroid cancer. Singlephoton-emitters or FDG-PET? Author(s): Grunwald F, Briele B, Biersack HJ. Source: Q J Nucl Med. 1999 September; 43(3): 195-206. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10568135&dopt=Abstract
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Obstructive endotracheal lesions of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Ahmed M, Saleem M, Al-Arifi A, Almahfouz A, Mahasin Z, Al-Sobhi S, Ingemansson S, Taibah K. Source: The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2002 August; 116(8): 613-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12389690&dopt=Abstract
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p21 Waf-1 (Cip-1) enhances apoptosis induced by manumycin and paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Yang HL, Pan JX, Sun L, Yeung SC. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003 February; 88(2): 763-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12574211&dopt=Abstract
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PET imaging of recurrent medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Simon GH, Nitzsche EU, Laubenberger JJ, Einert A, Moser E. Source: Nuklearmedizin. 1996 June; 35(3): 102-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8710526&dopt=Abstract
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Phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) in patients with thyroid cancer with no prior chemotherapy: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1385). Author(s): Leaf AN, Wolf BC, Kirkwood JM, Haselow RE. Source: Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England). 2000 February; 17(1): 47-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10713660&dopt=Abstract
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Phytoestrogens and thyroid cancer risk: the San Francisco Bay Area thyroid cancer study. Author(s): Horn-Ross PL, Hoggatt KJ, Lee MM. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2002 January; 11(1): 43-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11815400&dopt=Abstract
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Positron emission tomography in thyroid cancer management. Author(s): Larson SM, Robbins R. Source: Semin Roentgenol. 2002 April; 37(2): 169-74. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12134369&dopt=Abstract
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Positron emission tomography of the thyroid, with an emphasis on thyroid cancer. Author(s): McDougall IR, Davidson J, Segall GM. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 2001 May; 22(5): 485-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11388568&dopt=Abstract
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Postoperative management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Cohen EG, Tuttle RM, Kraus DH. Source: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2003 February; 36(1): 129-57. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12803014&dopt=Abstract
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Pregnancy following operative and complementary treatment of thyroid cancer. Author(s): Pomorski L, Bartos M, Narebski J.
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Radiation Dose Assessment for I-131 Therapy of Thyroid Cancer Using I-124 PET Imaging. Author(s): Erdi YE, Macapinlac H, Larson SM, Erdi AK, Yeung H, Furhang EE, Humm JL. Source: Clinical Positron Imaging : Official Journal of the Institute for Clinical P.E.T. 1999 January; 2(1): 41-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=14516552&dopt=Abstract
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Radioimmunotherapy of medullary thyroid cancer with iodine-131-labeled anti-CEA antibodies. Author(s): Juweid M, Sharkey RM, Behr T, Swayne LC, Herskovic T, Pereira M, Rubin AD, Hanley D, Dunn R, Siegel J, Goldenberg DM. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1996 June; 37(6): 905-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8683309&dopt=Abstract
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Radioiodine therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer: a quantitative dosimetric evaluation for remnant thyroid ablation after surgery. Author(s): Samuel AM, Rajashekharrao B. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1994 December; 35(12): 1944-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7989975&dopt=Abstract
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Radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogues for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Gorges R, Kahaly G, Muller-Brand J, Macke H, Roser HW, Bockisch A. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 July; 11(7): 647-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11484893&dopt=Abstract
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Radioprotection of salivary glands by amifostine in high-dose radioiodine treatment. Results of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Bohuslavizki KH, Klutmann S, Brenner W, Kroger S, Buchert R, Bleckmann C, Mester J, Henze E, Clausen M.
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Redifferentiation therapy with retinoic acid in follicular thyroid cancer. Author(s): Grunwald F, Pakos E, Bender H, Menzel C, Otte R, Palmedo H, Pfeifer U, Biersack HJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 September; 39(9): 1555-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9744342&dopt=Abstract
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Redifferentiation therapy-induced radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Grunwald F, Menzel C, Bender H, Palmedo H, Otte R, Fimmers R, Risse J, Biersack HJ. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1998 November; 39(11): 1903-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9829580&dopt=Abstract
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Resistance of [18f]-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid metastatic thyroid cancer lesions to treatment with high-dose radioactive iodine. Author(s): Wang W, Larson SM, Tuttle RM, Kalaigian H, Kolbert K, Sonenberg M, Robbins RJ. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2001 December; 11(12): 1169-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12186505&dopt=Abstract
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Resveratrol induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cell lines via a MAPK- and p53dependent mechanism. Author(s): Shih A, Davis FB, Lin HY, Davis PJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2002 March; 87(3): 122332. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11889192&dopt=Abstract
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Retinoic acid for redifferentiation of thyroid cancer--does it hold its promise? Author(s): Gruning T, Tiepolt C, Zophel K, Bredow J, Kropp J, Franke WG. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2003 April; 148(4): 395-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12656659&dopt=Abstract
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Salivary gland protection by amifostine in high-dose radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Bohuslavizki KH, Klutmann S, Bleckmann C, Brenner W, Lassmann S, Mester J, Henze E, Clausen M.
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Selective cytotoxic activity of a novel ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor MDL-101,731 against thyroid cancer in vitro. Author(s): Kotchetkov R, Krivtchik AA, Cinatl J, Kornhuber B, Cinatl J Jr. Source: Folia Biol (Praha). 1999; 45(5): 185-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10730887&dopt=Abstract
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Signal pathways involved in apigenin inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells (ARO). Author(s): Yin F, Giuliano AE, Van Herle AJ. Source: Anticancer Res. 1999 September-October; 19(5B): 4297-303. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10628390&dopt=Abstract
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Swainsonine augments the cytotoxicity of human lymphokine-activated killer cells against autologous thyroid cancer cells. Author(s): Fujieda S, Noda I, Saito H, Hoshino T, Yagita M. Source: Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery. 1994 April; 120(4): 389-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8166967&dopt=Abstract
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The role of F-18FDG PET in thyroid cancer. Author(s): Lind P, Kumnig G, Matschnig S, Heinisch M, Gallowitsch HJ, Mikosch P, Kresnik E, Gomez I, Unterweger O. Source: Acta Medica Austriaca. 2000; 27(2): 38-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10812462&dopt=Abstract
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The use of imaging studies in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism. Author(s): James C, Starks M, MacGillivray DC, White J. Source: Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1999 January; 8(1): 145-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9824366&dopt=Abstract
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The value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Author(s): Brandt-Mainz K, Muller SP, Gorges R, Saller B, Bockisch A. Source: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2000 May; 27(5): 490-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10853802&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroglobulin mRNA quantification in the peripheral blood is not a reliable marker for the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Author(s): Eszlinger M, Neumann S, Otto L, Paschke R. Source: European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 2002 November; 147(5): 575-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12444888&dopt=Abstract
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Thyroid cancer. Author(s): Rossi RL, Majlis S, Rossi RM. Source: The Surgical Clinics of North America. 2000 April; 80(2): 571-80. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10836007&dopt=Abstract
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Thyrotropin stimulates invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer cells via PKC- rather than PKA-activation. Author(s): Hoelting T, Tezelman S, Siperstein AE, Duh QY, Clark OH. Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1993 September 30; 195(3): 1230-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8216254&dopt=Abstract
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Treating the patient with differentiated thyroid cancer with thyroglobulin-positive iodine-131 diagnostic scan-negative metastases: including comments on the role of serum thyroglobulin monitoring in tumor surveillance. Author(s): Fatourechi V, Hay ID.
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Source: Semin Nucl Med. 2000 April; 30(2): 107-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10787191&dopt=Abstract •
Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: phase 2 trial using ninetysix-hour infusion. Collaborative Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Health Intervention Trials (CATCHIT) Group. Author(s): Ain KB, Egorin MJ, DeSimone PA. Source: Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. 2000 July; 10(7): 587-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10958311&dopt=Abstract
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Uptake of 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose by thyroid cancer: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Author(s): Sisson JC, Ackermann RJ, Meyer MA, Wahl RL. Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1993 October; 77(4): 1090-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8408458&dopt=Abstract
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Usefulness of [99mTC]MIBI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose for imaging recurrent medullary thyroid cancer and hyperparathyroidism in MEN 2a syndrome. Author(s): Roelants V, Michel L, Lonneux M, Lacrosse M, Delgrange E, Donckier JE. Source: Acta Clin Belg. 2001 November-December; 56(6): 373-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11881324&dopt=Abstract
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Value of protein-bound radioactive iodine measurements in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer treated with (131)I. Author(s): Hammersley PA, Al-Saadi A, Chittenden S, Flux GD, McCready VR, Harmer CL. Source: The British Journal of Radiology. 2001 May; 74(881): 429-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11388991&dopt=Abstract
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What is the role of 1100 MBq (< 30 mCi) radioiodine 131I in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer? Author(s): van Wyngaarden M, McDougall IR. Source: Nuclear Medicine Communications. 1996 March; 17(3): 199-207. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8692486&dopt=Abstract
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Why are thyroid cancer rates so high in southeast asian women living in the United States? The bay area thyroid cancer study. Author(s): Haselkorn T, Stewart SL, Horn-Ross PL.
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Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2003 February; 12(2): 144-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12582024&dopt=Abstract
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •
Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/
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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats
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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/
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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/
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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/
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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/
General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.
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CHAPTER 4. CLINICAL TRIALS AND THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning thyroid cancer.
Recent Trials on Thyroid Cancer The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to thyroid cancer.8 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •
Boronophenylalanine-Fructose Complex (BPA-F) and/or Sodium Borocaptate (BSH) Followed By Surgery in Treating Patients With Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, or Liver Metastases Condition(s): Endocrine Cancer; Gastrointestinal Cancer; Head and Neck Cancer; metastatic cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): EORTC Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Study Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures using boronophenylalaninefructose complex (BPA-F) and/or sodium borocaptate (BSH) to detect the presence of boron in tumor cells may help determine whether patients who have thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, or liver metastases may benefit from boron neutron capture therapy. PURPOSE: Phase I trial to study the effectiveness of BPA-F and/or BSH followed by surgery in detecting boron uptake in tissues of patients who have primary, metastatic, or recurrent thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, or who have liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00062348
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These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Celecoxib in Treating Patients With Progressive Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Condition(s): insular thyroid cancer; recurrent thyroid cancer; stage II follicular thyroid cancer; stage II papillary thyroid cancer; stage IV follicular thyroid cancer; stage IV papillary thyroid cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital & Richard J. Solove Research Institute; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Celecoxib may stop the growth of thyroid cancer by stopping blood flow to the tumor and by blocking the enzymes necessary for tumor cell growth. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of celecoxib in treating patients who have progressive metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00061906
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Combretastatin A4 Phosphate in Treating Patients With Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Condition(s): anaplastic thyroid cancer; recurrent thyroid cancer Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Ireland Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Combretastatin A4 phosphate may stop the growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer by stopping blood flow to the tumor. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combretastatin A4 phosphate in treating patients who have advanced recurrent or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00060242
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Using X-Ray Dye to Locate Hidden Parathyroid Tumors Condition(s): Hyperparathyroidism; Parathyroid Neoplasm Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Purpose - Excerpt: Occasionally tumors of the parathyroid gland cannot be detected by standard x-ray diagnostic procedures (CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds). In order for the tumor to be removed surgically it must first be localized. To do this often requires a procedure known as parathyroid arteriography and parathyroid venous sampling. This procedure begins by placing a catheter through a blood vessel in the groin. The catheter is then guided through blood vessels to reach the area of the neck. The blood vessels in this region flow in and out of the thyroid and parathyroid. An X-ray dye is then injected through the catheter into the arteries of the thyroid/parathyroid (parathyroid arteriography). The alternative is taking a small sample of the veins found in this same
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region (parathyroid venous sampling). Researchers prefer parathyroid arteriography because it causes less discomfort to the patient and requires less experience to do the procedure. However, parathyroid arteriography provides positive results in only 50% of patients undergoing the procedure. Parathyroid venous sampling provides greater amounts of positive results but the readings are often imprecise. Parathyroid tissue secretes a hormone known as PTH (parathyroid hormone). The release of PTH is stimulated by low levels of calcium in the blood. The idea behind the study is to inject a dye into the area of the parathyroid that will cause a release of PTH. Several parathyroid venous samplings will be taken following the abrupt elevation of PTH. This will provide information on the effectiveness of an intraarterial hypocalcemic stimulus (injection of dye into the arteries of the parathyroid when calcium blood levels are low) and venous sampling as techniques to improve localizing parathyroid tumors. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001394 •
Thalidomide in Treating Patients With Thyroid Cancer Condition(s): stage IV papillary thyroid cancer; stage IV follicular thyroid cancer; medullary thyroid cancer; recurrent thyroid cancer; insular thyroid cancer Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): University of Kentucky; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Thalidomide may stop the growth of thyroid cancer by stopping blood flow to the tumor. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness thalidomide in treating patients who have thyroid cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00026533
Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials:
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For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/
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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html
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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/
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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm
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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm
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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp
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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm
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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/
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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm
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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm
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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm
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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm
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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm
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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials
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CHAPTER 5. PATENTS ON THYROID CANCER Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.9 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “thyroid cancer” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on thyroid cancer, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.
Patents on Thyroid Cancer By performing a patent search focusing on thyroid cancer, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. The following is an 9Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm.
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example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on thyroid cancer: •
Method of detecting metastatic thyroid cancer Inventor(s): Chabot; John A. (Rye, NY), Ditkoff; Beth Ann (New York, NY), Feind; Carl R. (Alpine, NJ), LoGerfo; Paul (Grandview, NY) Assignee(s): The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York (New York, NY) Patent Number: 6,066,449 Date filed: April 15, 1997 Abstract: This invention provides a method of detecting metastatic thyroid cancer in a subject which comprises detecting circulating thyroid cells in a bodily fluid sample of the subject by obtaining an appropriate nucleic acid sample from the bodily fluid sample of the subject; and determining whether the nucleic acid sample contains a marker sequence. Specifically, this invention provides wherein the marker sequence is mRNA corresponding to the reverse transcript of DNA encoding thyroglobulin. Also, this invention provides wherein the marker sequence is mRNA corresponding to the reverse transcript of DNA encodes thyroid peroxidase. This invention further provides a test kit for performing the above-described method. Excerpt(s): Throughout this application, various publications are referenced by author and date. Full citations for these publications may be found listed alphabetically at the end of the specification immediately before the claims. The disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art as known to those skilled therein. Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy (Cady, B. and Rossi, R. L. , 1991). In the United States, there are approximately 14,000 new patients and 1,100 deaths per year (Shah, J. P. and Lydiatt, W., 1995). Follicular cancers generally metastasize via hematogenous dissemination, whereas papillary cancers spread through lymphatic involvement. Patients with distant metastatic disease have the worst prognosis (Braverman, L. E., et al., 1991). Current techniques to detect metastases include nuclear scans (such as.sup.131 I scanning) as well as measurement of serum thyroglobulin. Detectable serum thyroglobulin levels are found in normal patients as well as some types of benign thyroid disease (LoGerfo, P., et al., 1979). Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06066449__
Patent Applications on Thyroid Cancer As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.10 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to thyroid cancer:
10
This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.
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Cancer gene determination and therapeutic screening using signature gene sets Inventor(s): Horrigan, Steve; (Potomac, MD) Correspondence: Alan J. Grant, ESQ.; C/o Carella, Byrne, Bain, Gilfillan,; Cecchi, Stewart & Olstein; 6 Becker Farm Road; Roseland; NJ; 07068; US Patent Application Number: 20020102531 Date filed: September 27, 2001 Abstract: Processes for assaying potential antitumor agents based on their modulation of the expression of specified genes, or sets, of suspected cancer cell genes, especially for thyroid cancer, are disclosed, along with methods for diagnosing cancerous, or potentially cancerous, conditions as a result of the expression, or patterns of expression, of such genes, or sets of genes. Also disclosed are methods for determining functionally related genes, or gene sets, as well as methods for treating cancer based on targeting expression products of such genes, or gene sets, and determining genes involved in the cancerous process. Excerpt(s): This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/236,033, filed Sep. 28, 2000, 60/236,032, filed Sep. 28, 2000 and 60/236,028, filed Sep. 28, 2000, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The present invention relates to methods of assaying potential anti-tumor agents based on their modulation of the expression of specified sets of genes and methods for diagnosing cancerous, or potentially cancerous, conditions as a result of the patterns of expression of such genes. Screening assays for novel drugs are based on the response of model cell based systems in vitro to treatment with specific compounds. Various measures of cellular response have been utilized, including the release of cytokines, alterations in cell surface markers, activation of specific enzymes, as well as alterations in ion flux and/or pH. Some such screens rely on specific genes, such as oncogenes (or gene mutations). Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
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Indole carboxylic acids as thyroid receptor ligands Inventor(s): Aspnes, Gary E.; (Rockville, RI), Chiang, Yuan-Ching P.; (East Lyme, CT) Correspondence: Pfizer INC.; Patent Department, Ms8260-1611; Eastern Point Road; Groton; CT; 06340; US Patent Application Number: 20030078289 Date filed: September 24, 2002 Abstract: A compound of the formula 1wherein W, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.13 are as defined herein, useful in the treatment of obesity, overweight condition, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer and related disorders and diseases such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypercholesteremia, depression, osteoporosis and hair loss. Excerpt(s): This non-provisional application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/325,385, filed Sep. 26, 2001. The present invention relates to novel thyroid receptor ligands and, more preferably, relates to indole carboxylic acids, and derivatives thereof, which are useful in the treatment of obesity, overweight condition,
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hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer and related disorders and diseases such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypercholesteremia, depression, osteoporosis and hair loss. The present invention also provides methods, pharmaceutical compositions and kits for treating such diseases and disorders. Thyroid hormones are important in normal development and in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. For example, thyroid hormones stimulate the metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids and enhance the lipolytic responses of fat cells to other hormones. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html •
Methods of treatment and kits comprising a growth hormone secretagogue Inventor(s): Carpino, Philip A.; (Groton, CT), Griffith, David A.; (Old Saybrook, CT), Hadcock, John R.; (East Lyme, CT), Landschulz, William H.; (East Lyme, CT), Pan, Lydia C.; (Mystic, CT) Correspondence: Pfizer INC.; Patent Department, Ms8260-1611; Eastern Point Road; Groton; CT; 06340; US Patent Application Number: 20030105114 Date filed: September 27, 2002 Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to methods of treating bulimia nervosa, male erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, or ameliorating ischemic nerve or muscle damage. The present invention also relates to kits that can be used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, male erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, or ameliorating ischemic nerve or muscle damage. The present invention also relates to increasing gastrointestinal motility after surgery and increasing gastrointestinal motility in patients who have been administered an agent that decreases gastrointestinal motility. The present invention relates to new treatments and kits comprising a growth hormone secretagogue. Growth hormone, which is secreted from the pituitary gland, stimulates growth of all tissues of the body that are capable of growing. In addition, growth hormone is known to have the following basic effects on the metabolic processes of the body: (1) increased rate of protein synthesis in all cells of the body; (2) decreased rate of carbohydrate utilization in cells of the body; and (3) increased mobilization of free fatty acids and use of fatty acids for energy. As is known to those skilled in the art, the known and potential uses of growth hormone are varied and multitudinous. See "Human Growth Hormone," Strobel and Thomas, Pharmacological Reviews, 46, pg. 1-34 (1994). Also, these varied uses of growth hormone are summarized in International Patent Application Publication Number WO 97/24369. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
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Thyroid receptor ligands Inventor(s): Chiang, Yuan-Ching P.; (East Lyme, CT) Correspondence: Gregg C. Benson; Pfizer INC.; Patent Department; MS 4159, Eastern Point Road; Groton; CT; 06340; US Patent Application Number: 20010051645 Date filed: April 17, 2001 Abstract: The invention provides thiazolidinedione, oxadiazolidinedione, and triazolone compounds of Formula (I) which compounds are thyroid receptor ligands. 1The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising such compounds and methods of treating obesity, overweight condition, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, depression, and osteoporosis using such compounds. Excerpt(s): This application claims priority of U.S. provisional application No. 60/199,044, filed Apr. 21, 2000. The present invention relates to certain thiazolidinedione, oxadiazolidinedione, and triazolone compounds which are thyroid receptor ligands. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising such thiazolidinedione, oxadiazolidinedione, and triazolone compounds and to methods of using such compounds in the treatment of obesity, overweight condition, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, depression, and osteoporosis. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html
Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with thyroid cancer, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on thyroid cancer. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning thyroid cancer. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.
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CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON THYROID CANCER Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to thyroid cancer. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on thyroid cancer include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.
Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “thyroid cancer” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “thyroid cancer” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “thyroid cancer” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •
21st Century Complete Medical Guide to Thyroid Cancer - Authoritative Government Documents and Clinical References for Patients and Physicians with Practical Information on Diagnosis and Treatment Options by PM Medical Health News; ISBN: 1592480209; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1592480209/icongroupinterna
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Induction of Thyroid Cancer by Ionizing Radiation (Ncrp Report No. 80) by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. (1985); ISBN: 0913392723; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0913392723/icongroupinterna
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Radiation and Thyroid Cancer by G. Thomas (Editor), et al; ISBN: 9810238142; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9810238142/icongroupinterna
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The Charles Harkin Award for research in thyroid cancer (SuDoc HE 20.3152:C 38/998) by U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; ISBN: B00010Y51O; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00010Y51O/icongroupinterna
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The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Thyroid Cancer by James N., Md. Parker (Editor), et al; ISBN: 059783489X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/059783489X/icongroupinterna
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The Thyroid Cancer Book by M. Sara, Ph.D. Rosenthal (2002); ISBN: 1553950593; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1553950593/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer by H. J. Biersack (Editor), F. Grunwald (Editor) (2001); ISBN: 3540413901; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540413901/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer by Larry D. Greenfield (1978); ISBN: 0849352053; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849352053/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer by James A. Fagin (Editor); ISBN: 0792383265; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0792383265/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid cancer; ISBN: 0433142200; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0433142200/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer (Intl Congress Series, 684) by C. Jaffiol (Editor), G. Milhaud (Editor) (1986); ISBN: 0444807594; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0444807594/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer in Children Living Near Chernobyl: Expert Panel Report on the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident (Radiation Protection Research A) by D. Williams, et al; ISBN: 9282655156; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9282655156/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid cancer in Denmark in the period 1943-1968 by Finn Lindahl; ISBN: 8774375717; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8774375717/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid cancer, an Indian perspective; ISBN: 8187099054; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8187099054/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management by L. Wartofsky (Editor), Ernest L. Mazzaferri; ISBN: 0896034291; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0896034291/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment by Orlo H. Clark (Editor), Shiro Noguchi (Editor) (2000); ISBN: 1576261166; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1576261166/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer: Its Epidemiology Clinical Features, and Treatment by Georg Riccabona (1987); ISBN: 038716555X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/038716555X/icongroupinterna
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Thyroid Cancer: Its Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment; ISBN: 354016555X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/354016555X/icongroupinterna
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Understanding thyroid cancer and its treatment (SuDoc HE 20.3002:T 42) by U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; ISBN: B000109VUO; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000109VUO/icongroupinterna
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Value of histologic classification of thyroid cancer by Kaarle Franssila; ISBN: 8716009096; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8716009096/icongroupinterna
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What you need to know about thyroid cancer (SuDoc HE 20.3152:T 42/2) by U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; ISBN: B0001161OC; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0001161OC/icongroupinterna
The National Library of Medicine Book Index The National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health has a massive database of books published on healthcare and biomedicine. Go to the following Internet site, http://locatorplus.gov/, and then select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once you are in the search area, simply type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box, and select “books only.” From there, results can be sorted by publication date, author, or relevance. The following was recently catalogued by the National Library of Medicine:11 •
Bone metastases of thyroid cancer, biological behaviour and therapeutic possibilities Author: Nemec, Jan.; Year: 1978; Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1978
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Controversies in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer Author: Cady, Blake,; Year: 1985; [Leiden?]: Boerhaave Committee for Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Leiden, [1987]; ISBN: 9067671363
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Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer in adults. Author: British Thyroid Association.; Year: 1999; [London?]: British; ISBN: 186016157X
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Irradiation-related thyroid cancer: information for physicians Author: National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Division of Cancer Control and Rehabilitation.; Year: 1978; [Bethesda, Md.]: U. S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, [1977?]
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Oversight on implementation of the Orphan Drug Act (Public Law 97-414): hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninetyeighth Congress, first session, on reviewing the radioepidemiological tables and thyroid cancer research (section 7 of the Orphan Drug Act, Public Law 97-414), April 12, 1983. Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources.; Year: 1984; Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1984
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Report of the Expert Meeting on Thyroid Cancer After the Chernobyl Accident: Kiev, Ukraine, 18-21 October 1993; Year: 1998; Geneva: World Health Organization, 1994
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Scientific protocol for the study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid disease in Belarus following the Chernobyl accident Author: Becker, David V.,; Year: 2001; [United States: s.n., 1992?]
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In addition to LOCATORPlus, in collaboration with authors and publishers, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is currently adapting biomedical books for the Web. The books may be accessed in two ways: (1) by searching directly using any search term or phrase (in the same way as the bibliographic database PubMed), or (2) by following the links to PubMed abstracts. Each PubMed abstract has a "Books" button that displays a facsimile of the abstract in which some phrases are hypertext links. These phrases are also found in the books available at NCBI. Click on hyperlinked results in the list of books in which the phrase is found. Currently, the majority of the links are between the books and PubMed. In the future, more links will be created between the books and other types of information, such as gene and protein sequences and macromolecular structures. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books.
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Soft tissue roentogenography in diagnosis of thyroid cancer; detection of psammoma bodies by spot-tangential projection, by Masayoshi Akisada and Yoshihide Fujimoto. Author: Akisada, Masayoshi.; Year: 1977; Tokyo, Igaku Shoin, 1973
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The histogenesis of thyroid cancer. Author: Simionescu, N. (Nicolae); Year: 1973; London, Heinemann [1970]; ISBN: 0433302801
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Thyroid cancer Author: Riccabona, G. (Georg); Year: 2000; Copenhagen: [s.n.], 1983; ISBN: 8774942484
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Thyroid cancer: a report by 76 Illinois hospitals on patients diagnosed in 1970-84. Author: American Cancer Society. Illinois Division. Cancer Incidence and End Results Committee.; Year: 1994; Chicago (77 E. Monroe St., Chicago 60603): American
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Thyroid cancer: role of radionuclides in diagnosis, management, and treatment: proceedings of the National Seminar on Thyroid Cancer: Role of Radionuclides in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment Author: Shah, D. H.; Year: 1990; Bombay, India: Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, c1986
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Thyroid cancer. Edited by Chr. E. Hedinger. Author: Hedinger, Chr. E. (Christoph Ernst),; Year: 1970; Berlin, New York, Springer [c1969]
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Treatment of thyroid cancer in childhood: proceedings of a workshop held September 10-11, 1992 at the National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda, Maryland Author: Robbins, Jacob,; Year: 1994; [Bethesda, Md.: National Institutes of Health]; Springfield, VA: Available from the US Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Technical Information Service, [1994]
Chapters on Thyroid Cancer In order to find chapters that specifically relate to thyroid cancer, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and thyroid cancer using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on thyroid cancer: •
Endocrine Disease Source: in Miller, R.L., et al. General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 1995. p. 309-320. Contact: Available from Mosby-Year Book, Inc. 11830 Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146-9934. (800) 426-4545 or (314) 872-8370; Fax (800) 535-9935 or (314) 4321380; E-mail:
[email protected]; http://www.mosby.com. PRICE: $43.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0801670241. Stock Number 07024. Summary: This chapter, from a textbook on pathology for dental hygiene students, covers endocrine disease. Topics include the clinical aspects of hyper-and hypopituitarism; diabetes insipidus; the development of the thyroid gland, and the physiology and function of the thyroglossal duct cyst and the lingual thyroid gland; common causes of myxedema; the etiology of Hashimoto's disease; the etiology and clinical symptoms of Graves' disease; thyroid cancer and its relationship to radiation or genetic etiology; goiter; the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of Friderichsen-
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Waterhouse syndrome, Addison's disease, and Cushing's syndrome; diseases caused by hypersecretion of aldosterone and adrenal sex hormones; the clinical and radiographic changes indicative of hyperparathyroidism; diabetes mellitus (types I and II); and common dental problems associated with diabetes mellitus. The chapter includes a list of learning objectives; illustrative case studies; and recommended readings. 4 figures. 2 tables.
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CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on thyroid cancer. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.
Bibliography: Multimedia on Thyroid Cancer The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in thyroid cancer (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.” From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on thyroid cancer: •
Controversies in thyroid cancer therapy, adrenal imaging and osteoporosis evaluation [slide] Source: the Society of Nuclear Medicine; Year: 1992; Format: Slide; [New York, NY]: The Society, [1992]
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Current management of thyroid cancer [videorecording] Source: SSO, the Society of Surgical Oncology, 52nd Annual Cancer Symposium, March 4-7, 1999, Orlando, FL; Year: 1999; Format: Videorecording; [Chicago, Ill.]: Distributed by Teach'em, [1999]
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Surgical management of thyroid cancer-total thyroidectomy [videorecording] Source: American College of Surgeons; produced and distributed by DG, Davis & Geck; Year: 1983; Format: Videorecording; Danbury, Conn.: American Cyanamid, c1983
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Thyroid cancer: diagnosis and treatment [motion picture] Source: American Cancer Society, inc.; [made by] Aegis Productions, inc; Year: 1969; Format: Motion picture; [New York]: The Society, 1969
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Thyroid cancer [slide] Source: Department of Continuing Medical Education School of Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo, in cooperation with the Lakes Area Regional Medical Program; Year: 1975; Format: Slide; [Buffalo]: Communications in Learning, 1975
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CHAPTER 8. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON THYROID CANCER Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover thyroid cancer.
News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on thyroid cancer is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to thyroid cancer. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for thyroid cancer: •
Extrathyroidal growth of thyroid cancer increases risk of local, distant metastases Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 27, 2003
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Lovastatin induces apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells, but clinical value uncertain Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: July 30, 2003
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TSH use before radiotherapy for thyroid cancer reduces iodine isotope half-life Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 18, 2003
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Oxigene thyroid cancer drug gets fast-track status Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: June 04, 2003
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Low-iodide diet enhances efficacy of radiotherapy for thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 30, 2003
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BRAF mutation linked to papillary thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 21, 2003
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Higher chance of thyroid cancer after hysterectomy Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 10, 2003
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Hysterectomy linked to early increased risk of thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 05, 2003
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Targeted gene therapy for thyroid cancer exhibits efficacy in animal model Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: December 24, 2002
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Marine organism-derived aplidine advances against rare thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: October 22, 2002
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Zeltia's aplidine advances against rare thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: October 21, 2002
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Mortality low but recurrence high with thyroid cancer in children Source: Reuters Medical News Date: August 29, 2002
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UK guidelines aim to reduce thyroid cancer mortality Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 22, 2002
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UK guidelines aim to cut thyroid cancer mortality Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 22, 2002
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Thyroid cancer can present in youngsters who carry RET oncogene mutation Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 01, 2002
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Reproductive, hormonal factors influence risk of thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 21, 2002
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Chernobyl's young have high rate of thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: December 10, 2001
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Many thyroid cancer cases linked to Chernobyl Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: October 23, 2001
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Radiation therapy for breast cancer does not increase risk of thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Industry Breifing Date: September 27, 2001
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Breast tumor radiation not tied to thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: September 25, 2001
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Thyroid cancer therapy may up breast cancer risk Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: July 26, 2001
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Thyroid cancer is the major continuing health effect of Chernobyl disaster Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 27, 2001
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New test improves the detection of recurrent thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 13, 2000
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Thyroid cancer patients treated with radioactive iodine not a threat to family Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 05, 2000
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Family safe from thyroid cancer patient's radiation Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: May 03, 2000
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Embolization effective for vertebral metastases of thyroid cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 27, 2000
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Children at risk for thyroid cancer following radiation therapy Source: Reuters Medical News Date: December 20, 1999
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Recombinant human TSH alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal for thyroid cancer follow-up Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 22, 1999
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After Chernobyl, pediatric thyroid cancer incidence escalated in Ukraine Source: Reuters Medical News Date: July 01, 1999
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Child thyroid cancer rises 10-fold after Chernobyl Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: June 30, 1999
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Lithium improves I-131 uptake, retention in thyroid cancer patients Source: Reuters Medical News Date: March 31, 1999
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Scans help detect thyroid cancer recurrence Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: February 19, 1999
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Screening for thyroid cancer due to nuclear bomb tests not advisable Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 02, 1998
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Experts advise against thyroid cancer screening Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: September 02, 1998
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Conventional Method Still Best In Radioiodine Scanning For Thyroid Cancer Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 29, 1997
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Increase In Thyroid Cancer In Children Of Chernobyl Source: Reuters Medical News Date: November 22, 1995
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Incidence Of Thyroid Cancer Quintupled In Chernobyl Area Source: Reuters Medical News Date: June 01, 1995 The NIH
Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests.
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Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to thyroid cancer, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “thyroid cancer” (or synonyms).
Academic Periodicals covering Thyroid Cancer Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to thyroid cancer. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering thyroid cancer that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”
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CHAPTER 9. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.
U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for thyroid cancer. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI Advice for the Patient can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database,
