Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFER...

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ACUTE

LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R EFERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83547-0 1. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on acute lymphocytic leukemia. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ........................................................... 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Combined Health Information Database ................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia....................................................... 4 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed.................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ............................................... 125 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 125 Finding Nutrition Studies on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ................................................... 125 Federal Resources on Nutrition................................................................................................. 127 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 127 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ......................... 129 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 129 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ............................................... 129 Additional Web Resources......................................................................................................... 132 General References..................................................................................................................... 132 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ........................................... 133 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 133 Dissertations on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ........................................................................ 133 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 134 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ..................................... 135 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 135 Recent Trials on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ........................................................................ 135 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ........................................................................................... 138 CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ......................................................... 141 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 141 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers ........................................................................................ 141 Chapters on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ............................................................................... 141 CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA .............................................. 145 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 145 Bibliography: Multimedia on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia .................................................... 145 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 149 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 149 NIH Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 149 NIH Databases .......................................................................................................................... 151 Other Commercial Databases .................................................................................................... 154 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES .............................................................................................. 155 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 155 Patient Guideline Sources ......................................................................................................... 155 Associations and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia........................................................................ 156 Finding Associations ................................................................................................................. 157 APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS ................................................................................ 159 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 159 U.S. Pharmacopeia .................................................................................................................... 159 Commercial Databases............................................................................................................... 160 Researching Orphan Drugs....................................................................................................... 161 APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ............................................................................... 163 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 163 Preparation ................................................................................................................................ 163 Finding a Local Medical Library ............................................................................................... 163 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada................................................................................. 163

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES ................................................................................................................169 Online Dictionary Directories ...................................................................................................173 ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA DICTIONARY...........................................................175 INDEX...............................................................................................................................................195

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with acute lymphocytic leukemia is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about acute lymphocytic leukemia, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to acute lymphocytic leukemia, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on acute lymphocytic leukemia. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-ofcharge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on acute lymphocytic leukemia. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on acute lymphocytic leukemia.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and acute lymphocytic leukemia, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a Patient with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Source: Oral Diseases. 5(1): 76-79. January 1999. Contact: Available from Stockton Press. Marketing Department, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, United Kingdom. (800) 747-3187. Summary: This article reports the first case of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) in an HIV negative 56 year old patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). A white plaque was observed while the patient was in complete remission following chemotherapy scheme. The clinical and histopathologic findings were typical for OHL and the polymerase chain reaction method was positive for Epstein Barr virus DNA. The authors concludes that underdiagnosis and underreporting of OHL in patients with a

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malignant hematological disease and the apparent different environmental factors to which these non-AIDS patients have been exposed, probably constitute some of the reasons for the very few OHL cases reported in these patients. The patient, after the excisional biopsy, received prophylactic antibiotics and acyclovir and had an uneventful recovery. Careful examination of patients with a malignant hematological disease or other immunodeficiency state is suggested, in order to add knowledge to the biologic mechanisms and behavior of OHL. 3 figures. 30 references.

Federally Funded Research on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to acute lymphocytic leukemia. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore acute lymphocytic leukemia. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for acute lymphocytic leukemia: •

Project Title: ENHANCING TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Sallan, Stephen E. Professor; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a model of a curable malignancy. The best therapies to date have resulted in cure for 75-80 percent of childhood ALL, although only 35 percent for adult ALL. Most survivors of childhood ALL have sequelae of treatment. The goal of Project 4 is to maximize the therapeutic index (the efficacy:toxicity balance) in the treatment of ALL. We seek to increase the proportion of patients cured, assess the long-term outcome of anti-leukemia therapy, and augment the usual event-free survival comparisons of treatment programs by use of methods to adjust survival for its quality. In a randomized clinical trial, we will determine the relative efficacy of an augmented intensification regimen and a conventional intensification regimen (Core 9001). We will also extend our program to adult patients (ages 18-40 years) and assess biological (Projects 4, 7, 8, 9) and outcome differences of adults compared to children with ALL. Specific Aim 1 will determine the efficacy and toxicity of pharmacokinetically-based, individualized dosing of E.coli asparaginase - a pillar of our successful program. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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that L-carnitine can decrease late doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. (We will continue our long-term assessment of the value of serial cardiac monitoring during doxorubicin therapy, as well as the long-term natural history of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, continuous infusions of doxorubicin, and cardioprotection with dexrazoxane). Specific Aim 3 will define the efficacy and neuropsychologic morbidity of either intensive intrathecal therapy or radiation therapy. In Specific Aim 4 qualityadjusted analyses using Q-TWiST and QALY methods will evaluate the trade-off between the benefit of improved cure rates and the cost in terms of treatment-related toxicity. We seek to determine the most effective, least toxic therapies for ALL, balancing health-related quality of life against the proportion of patients cured, thus maximizing the therapeutic index. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: GENOMIC PREDICTOR OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA BIOLOGY Principal Investigator & Institution: Golub, Todd R. Director, Cancer Genomics, Assistant Pro; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Despite overall improvements in the treatment of childhood ALL, the outcome of individual patients remains uncertain. Thus the individualization of treatment for patients with the intent of maximizing cure yet minimizing treatment-related side effects is not currently feasible. While particular chromosomal translocations do have prognostic value, most patients lack such informative rearrangements. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of these characteristic translocation proteins is in large part unknown, thereby limiting their ability to contribute to an overall, generalizable understanding of treatment response and outcome prediction. The goal of Project 8 is to take a genomic approach to these issues, focusing on gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays coupled with pattern recognition computer algorithms. Specifically, we will focus on 3 subgroups of ALL patients: 1) those who in general have a favorable outcome (namely, TEL/AML1 positive patients), 2) those with a generally unfavorable prognosis (infants and adults), and 3) T-cell ALL, for which response is unpredictable. By comparing the gene expression profiles of these groups of patients, we hope to identify gene expression 'signatures' of favorable and unfavorable prognosis. The development of improved molecular predictors of outcome is an essential first step in the targeting of specific therapies to specific patients. It is also anticipated that this project will result in new insights into the mechanism by which, for example, the TEL/AML1 fusion protein causes ALL that is highly curable. Such insights are likely to be valuable not only for understanding TEL/AML1-induced ALL, but also for understanding chemoresponsiveness in general. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: MOLECULAR MEASUREMENTS OF OUTCOME IN ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Gribben, John G. Associate Professor of Medicine; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Increasing evidence suggests that eradication of detectable leukemia cells is necessary for cure and that the rate of reduction of tumor

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load early during therapy also has prognostic significance. This provides the basis to continue our present prospective studies of detection and quantitation of minimal residual leukemia. We use the rearranged antigen receptor genes as clonal markers for qualitative and quantitative PCR analysis. The hypotheses being tested are that a rapid reduction in leukemic burden will predict for a higher cure rate and that eradication of leukemia cells is necessary for cure. The aim of these studies is to identify in a timely manner patients at sufficiently high risk of relapse that they are candidates for alternative treatment strategies, such as increased intensity of therapy as outlined in Core 9001, or for novel immune-based strategies as outlined in Project 10. Immunebased strategies are dependent upon identification and exploitation of tumor associated antigens. Antigen receptor rearrangements are not only clonal markers, but also tumorspecific antigens and the idiotypic (Id) structures of immunoglobulin from malignant B cells were the first tumor-specific antigens recognized. However, the role of Id-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumor rejection remains elusive. We aim to characterize Id specific and other tumor-associated peptides that are targets for a CTLmediated immune response. Therefore, two specific aims are proposed: 1) to detect and quantitate MRD in children and adults with ALL, and 2) to combine molecular biologic techniques with advances in bioinformatics and cellular immunology to identify and characterize peptides that can be a target of a CTL mediated response. The success of this project is dependent upon the clinical resources provided by Project 4 and all Cores. Identification of novel gene products will be dependent upon Project 8, and also upon Project 5, Project 6 and Project 7. This project is particularly interactive with Project 10, to identify patients at sufficiently high risk to merit experimental treatment approaches but also to identify tumor antigens that can be exploited as a target of a T cell- mediated immune response. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TEL/AML1 FUSION IN PEDIATRIC ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Gilliland, D Gary. Associate Professor; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-MAY-2001; Project End 0-APR-2002 Summary: (Applicant's Description) TEL/AML1 is the most common gene rearrangement in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), accounting for approximately 25 percent of cases. We and others have reported that TEL/AML1 confers a favorable prognosis in retrospective studies. However, controversy has arisen regarding the prognostic value of TEL/AML1. Two centers have reported that the incidence of TEL/AML1 at relapse is similar to that at diagnosis, suggesting that the rearrangement does not confer a favorable prognosis. The disparity may reflect true differences in outcome between centers for this subgroup of patients, or may reflect the selection bias inherent in retrospective studies. Specific Aim 1 of this proposal will test the hypothesis that TEL/AML1 confers a favorable prognosis. The incidence and prognostic significance of the TEL/AML1 gene rearrangement will be prospectively determined in children with newly diagnosed ALL treated on DFCI protocols 95-01 and 2000-01. We will further determine whether quantitative minimal residual disease measurements can delineate TEL/AML1 positive patients that are cured of their disease versus those that are destined to relapse. Specific Aim 2 is to develop a murine model for TEL/AML1 leukemia. Our preliminary data indicate that expression of TEL/AML1 alone is not sufficient for transformation of hematopoietic cells in vitro or in vivo. We will test the hypothesis that additional mutations, present in human leukemic cells with

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the TEL/AML1 rearrangement, are required for transformation mediated by TEL/AML1. These include loss of the residual TEL allele, and hemizygous loss of the neighboring tumor suppressor gene p27/KIP1. In addition, a subset of TEL/AML1 positive patients are p16 deficient. We have developed strategies for expression of TEL/AML1 in each of these genetic backgrounds, including the construction of a conditional Tel allele in mice. The two Specific Aims of this proposal are complementary. The first Specific Aim will provide definitive information on prognosis of the TEL/AML1 gene rearrangement in pediatric B-cell ALL, and may provide a rationale for considering alternative approaches to therapy. Specific Aim 2 will focus on the development of an animal model of TEL/AML1-mediated leukemia, which would be valuable for testing alternative approaches to therapy, and in defining the genetic events that are critical for the transformation of hematopoietic cells. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: TRANSLATIONAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Principal Investigator & Institution: Nadler, Lee M. Chair; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney St Boston, Ma 02115 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001 Summary: (Applicant's Description) Development of novel therapeutic approaches will be essential to improve the therapeutic index and outcome of children and adults with ALL. The hypothesis of Project 6 is that interactions between host cells and tumor cells result in a survival advantage for the tumor. Here, we propose to develop strategies to modulate these interactions to either directly lyse the tumor cell or alter its survival advantage. Two approaches based upon our preliminary data are proposed. First, we will attempt to induce T cell mediated anti-ALL specific immunity. Second, we will attempt to modulate de novo angiogenesis thereby altering the survival of the ALL cell within its microenvironment. Extensive preliminary evidence in both of these areas are in hand which suggest that these objectives can be achieved. Therefore, two Specific Aims are proposed: 1) To undertake clinical trials using vaccination and/or adoptive therapy to induce or augment autologous T-cell mediated anti-ALL specific immunity to determine feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome; and 2) To develop pre-clinical strategies to modulate angiogenesis within the bone marrow of patients with ALL with the view to undertake clinical trials. The success of these aims requires: 1) identification of patients who are appropriate for experimental therapy at relapse and prior to relapse as defined by collaborations with Projects 8 and 9; and 6) identification of specific intervals of time extending from diagnosis, on treatment, off treatment, or at the time of relapse when the proposed manipulations between host cells and tumor cells will be optimal for intervention. To achieve these goals, we propose to develop and validate in vitro and in vivo assays that quantify tumor immunity and de novo angiogenesis with the view to define "windows of therapeutic opportunity" and provide surrogate markers of outcome. Armed with these biologic endpoints, we will first conduct Phase I and II clinical trials in years 1 to 3 and then in later years attempt to integrate these strategies into Project 4. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with acute lymphocytic leukemia, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

“High-risk” acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Freeman AI. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1987 July; 5(7): 997-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3474360&dopt=Abstract

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“Total therapy” studies of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Current results and prospects for cure. Author(s): Simone J, Aur RJ, Hustu HO, Pinkel D. Source: Cancer. 1972 December; 30(6): 1488-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4509105&dopt=Abstract

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5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) in the treatment of advanced acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Finklestein JZ, Albo V, Ertel I, Karon M, Hammond D. Source: Cancer Chemother Rep. 1972 August; 56(4): 523-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4507686&dopt=Abstract

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9p- in a girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia and sickle cell disease. Author(s): Bigner SH, Friedman HS, Kinney TR, Kurtzberg J, Chaffee S, Becton D, Falletta JM. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1986 April 1; 21(3): 267-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3456265&dopt=Abstract

PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A 14q+ chromosome in a B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and in a luekemic nonendemic Burkitt lymphoma. Author(s): Slater RM, Philip P, Badsberg E, Behrendt H, Hansen NE, van Heerde P. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1979 May 15; 23(5): 639-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=88421&dopt=Abstract

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A 2 1/2-year-old male with limping on the left lower extremity. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Stahl JA, Schoenecker PL, Gilula LA. Source: Orthop Rev. 1993 May; 22(5): 631-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8316428&dopt=Abstract

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A case of B-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia presenting ophthalmoplegia. Author(s): Yamashita M, Kusaka H, Yamasaki M, Imai T. Source: Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1993 May; 33(5): 568-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8365069&dopt=Abstract

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A case of transformation of an untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia into acute erythroblastic leukemia (Di Guglielmo's disease) Author(s): Cantore N, Fotino A, Volpe S, Santaniello L, Pagnini D, Volpe E. Source: Haematologica. 1985 July-August; 70(4): 375-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3935545&dopt=Abstract

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A clinical perspective on cell markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bowman WP, Melvin SL, Aur RJ, Mauer AM. Source: Cancer Research. 1981 November; 41(11 Pt 2): 4794-801. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6975162&dopt=Abstract

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A comparative pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia using a limited sampling procedure. Author(s): Eksborg S, Palm C, Bjork O. Source: Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2000 February; 11(2): 129-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10789596&dopt=Abstract

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A comparative study of central nervous system irradiation and intensive chemotherapy early in remission of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ, Simone JV, Hustu HO, Verzosa MS. Source: Cancer. 1972 February; 29(2): 381-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4501697&dopt=Abstract

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A comparison of two regimens for high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): van Eys J, Berry D, Crist W, Doering E, Fernbach D, Pullen J, Shuster J, Wharam M. Source: Cancer. 1989 January 1; 63(1): 23-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2910421&dopt=Abstract

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A correlation of initial blood counts with survival time in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Holyoke EA Jr, Rigby PG. Source: Nebr State Med J. 1970 July; 55(7): 410-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4247544&dopt=Abstract

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A cytogenetic study of children in India with acute lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with clinical data. Author(s): Waghray M, Rowley JD, Reddy PP, Reddy SV. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1986 November; 23(3): 225-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3464342&dopt=Abstract

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A cytogenetic survey of 13 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Palka G, Fioritoni G, Lombardo M, Calabrese G, Guanciali Franchi P, Di Marzio A, Stuppia L, Parruti G, Geraci L. Source: Haematologica. 1987 November-December; 72(6): 511-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3126107&dopt=Abstract

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A low rate of loss of heterozygosity is found at many different loci in childhood Blineage acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cave H, Guidal C, Elion J, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1996 September; 10(9): 1486-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8751467&dopt=Abstract

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A monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with human platelets, megakaryocytes, and common acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Deng CT, Terasaki PI, Iwaki Y, Hofman FM, Koeffler P, Cahan L, El Awar N, Billing R. Source: Blood. 1983 April; 61(4): 759-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6187394&dopt=Abstract

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A monoclonal antibody detecting a 39,000 m.w. molecule that is present on B lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but is rare on acute lymphocytic leukemia blasts. Author(s): Zipf TF, Lauzon GJ, Longenecker BM.

Studies 11

Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1983 December; 131(6): 3064-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6358359&dopt=Abstract •

A new case of dic(9;12)(p13;p11) in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Lai JL, Deminatti M, Estienne MH, Zandecki M, Nelken B, Fenaux P. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1989 October 15; 42(2): 307-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2790762&dopt=Abstract

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A new chromosome translocation (3;21) in M2 acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Caimo A, Parodi CM, De Filippi S, Rabitti C, Cerri R, Risso M, Bacigalupo A, Castellaneta A, Marmont A. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1986; 75(1): 23-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3088882&dopt=Abstract

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A population-based study of referral, diagnostic and treatment patterns for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Green SB, Myers MH, Fink DJ. Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 1977 July; 106(1): 53-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=267429&dopt=Abstract

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A review of the t(1;19) breakpoints in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Michael PM, Garson OM, Callen DF. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1985 May; 17(1): 79-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3857111&dopt=Abstract

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A study of “total therapy” of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): George P, Hernandez K, Hustu O, Borella L, Holton C, Pinkel D. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1968 March; 72(3): 399-408. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5237796&dopt=Abstract

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A study of surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. Author(s): Yamanaka N, Ishii Y, Koshiba H, Mikuni C, Konno M, Kikuchi K. Source: Cancer. 1978 December; 42(6): 2641-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=310335&dopt=Abstract

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A study of the cross-resistance of vincristine and vindesine in reinduction therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. A report for Children's Cancer Study Group. Author(s): Krivit W, Anderson J, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Chard R, Hammond D. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1980 Fall; 2(3): 217-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7001942&dopt=Abstract

12 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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A 'surprising' pathogen in a man with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Riefler JF 3rd. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1988 August 15; 23(8): 125-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3136175&dopt=Abstract

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A translocation t(8;14) and c-myc gene rearrangement associated with the histological transformation of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (FAB-L2) into Burkitt's type (FAB-L3) leukemia. Author(s): Masauzi N, Kasai M, Suzuki G, Kobayashi N, Ohizumi H, Ogasawara M, Kiyama Y, Naohara T, Saitoh M, Higa T, Tanaka J, Hashino S, Imamura M, Asaka M. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1997 October; 27(3-4): 357-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9402334&dopt=Abstract

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A unique surface marker profile in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Richie ER, Sullivan MP, van Eys J. Source: Blood. 1980 April; 55(4): 702-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6444535&dopt=Abstract

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Aberrant DNA methylation in pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Jeha S, Daniel J, Williamson J, Albitar M, Kantarjian HM, Issa JP. Source: Cancer. 2003 February 1; 97(3): 695-702. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12548613&dopt=Abstract

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Aberrant DNA methylation of p57KIP2 identifies a cell-cycle regulatory pathway with prognostic impact in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shen L, Toyota M, Kondo Y, Obata T, Daniel S, Pierce S, Imai K, Kantarjian HM, Issa JP, Garcia-Manero G. Source: Blood. 2003 May 15; 101(10): 4131-6. Epub 2003 February 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12586619&dopt=Abstract

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Abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Phillips PC, Moeller JR, Sidtis JJ, Dhawan V, Steinherz PG, Strother SC, Ginos JZ, Rottenberg DA. Source: Annals of Neurology. 1991 March; 29(3): 263-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2042943&dopt=Abstract

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Abnormal CT scans of the brain in asymptomatic children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system with radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. Author(s): Peylan-Ramu N, Poplack DG, Pizzo PA, Adornato BT, Di Chiro G.

Studies 13

Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1978 April 13; 298(15): 815-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=273143&dopt=Abstract •

Absence of prognostic significance of skeletal involvement in acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children. Author(s): Appell RG, Buhler T, Willich E, Brandeis WE. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1985; 15(4): 245-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3858787&dopt=Abstract

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Acid phosphatase positivity in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Head DR, Borowitz M, Cerezo L, Craven CM, Brock BL, Boyett JM, Pullen DJ, Crist WM, Falletta J, Humphrey GB. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1986 November; 86(5): 650-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3465229&dopt=Abstract

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Actinomycin D in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Green DM, Sallan SE, Krishan A. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 May; 62(5): 829-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=274997&dopt=Abstract

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Activation of the interleukin-3 gene by chromosome translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia with eosinophilia. Author(s): Meeker TC, Hardy D, Willman C, Hogan T, Abrams J. Source: Blood. 1990 July 15; 76(2): 285-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2114933&dopt=Abstract

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Acute ascending poliomyelomalacia after treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Reznik M. Source: Acta Neuropathologica. 1979 February 15; 45(2): 153-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=283679&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in elderly patients. Author(s): Virgilio JF, Moscinski LC, Ballester OF, Corrado C, Guida C, Balducci L, Saba H. Source: Hematological Oncology. 1993 May-June; 11(3): 121-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8112726&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia after fulminant varicella associated with severe neutropenia. Author(s): Helft DA, Correa H, Rojas P, Warrier RP.

14 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Southern Medical Journal. 2002 September; 95(9): 1074-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12356115&dopt=Abstract •

Acute lymphocytic leukemia and complement receptors. (A study of 45 cases). Author(s): De Rossi G, Guglielmi C, Lopez M, Pasqualetti D, Mandelli F. Source: Ric Clin Lab. 1981 April-June; 11(2): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6943645&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia and psychosis: treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. Author(s): Magen JG, D'Mello D. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1995 September; 7(3): 133-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8646273&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with severe myelofibrosis. Author(s): Yokoyama K, Amamiya T, Kawai Y, Hibi T, Yajima T, Tanosaki R, Takayama N, Yamada T, Hata J, Ikeda Y. Source: Keio J Med. 1997 December; 46(4): 196-204. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9444932&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia CNS disease presenting as central diabetes insipidus. Author(s): Vyas V, Shah SA, Patel KM, Parekh BB, Nath SV, Hussain BM. Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 February; 50: 281-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12038668&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia developing in a male with germ cell carcinoma: a case report. Author(s): Johnson DC, Luedke DW, Sapiente RA, Naidu RG. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1980; 8(4): 361-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6935496&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in a child with congenital xanthine oxidase deficiency: implications for therapy. Author(s): Morgan E, Honig G, Nelson DJ. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1981 Winter; 3(4): 439-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6949480&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Author(s): Lin HJ, Kakkis ED, Sun NC, Lim S, Gurevitch AW.

Studies 15

Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1994 August; 46(4): 374-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8037198&dopt=Abstract •

Acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: a retrospective study and analysis of current management options. Author(s): Ho TC, Tefferi A, Su JQ, Litzow MR, Hoagland HC, Noel P. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1994 October; 69(10): 937-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7934190&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: an update. Author(s): Preti HA, Kantarjian HM. Source: Tex Med. 1994 January; 90(1): 52-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8140553&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Alvarado CS, Kim T, Ragab AH. Source: J Med Assoc Ga. 1982 April; 71(4): 271, 289-92. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6951909&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Simone J. Source: Semin Hematol. 1974 January; 11(1): 25-39. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4520529&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood: immunologic marker, cytogenetic, and molecular studies. Author(s): Crist WM, Furman W, Strother D, Pui CH. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1987 July; 80(7): 841-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2955521&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children presenting with bone marrow necrosis. Author(s): Macfarlane SD, Tauro GP. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1986 August; 22(4): 341-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3460326&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Simone JV, Aur RJ, Hustu HO, Verzosa M. Source: Cancer. 1975 August; 36(2): 770-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1080431&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. A medical success story. Author(s): Kelly KP.

16 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Adv Nurse Pract. 2000 April; 8(4): 57-8, 61-4, 94. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11146951&dopt=Abstract •

Acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: recent progress and future prospects. Author(s): Mauer AM. Source: Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1990 October; 32(5): 479-84. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2284924&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia in the adolescent: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Author(s): Dunsmore KP. Source: Adolescent Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.). 1999 October; 10(3): 407-17, X-Xi. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10611938&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as splenic rupture. Author(s): Johnson CS, Rosen PJ, Sheehan WW. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1979 July; 72(1): 118-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=287370&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as acute osteomyelitis. A report of two cases. Author(s): Sitarz AL, Berdon WE, Wolff JA, Baker DH. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1980; 9(1): 33-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6928066&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia mimicking renal failure. Author(s): Khan A, Sinks LF, Silhaug M, Champion L. Source: Ca: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 1979 September-October; 29(5): 319-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=113059&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: the problem of relapses. Author(s): Rivera GK, Santana V, Mahmoud H, Buchanan G, Crist WM. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1989 January; 4 Suppl 1: 80-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2653524&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia of the ovary: the value of sonography. Author(s): Slasky BS, Straub WH, Deutsch M. Source: J Comput Tomogr. 1982 September; 6(2): 161-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6959755&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia presenting as masquerade syndrome. Author(s): Dadeya S, Malik KP, Guliani BP, Dewan S, Mehta R, Gupta VS.

Studies 17

Source: Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers. 2002 March-April; 33(2): 163-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11942552&dopt=Abstract •

Acute lymphocytic leukemia treatment: effects on learning. Author(s): Gallagher JA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. 1989 September-October; 3(5): 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2778595&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with 9p anomalies. A report of four additional cases and review of the literature. Author(s): Lai JL, Fenaux P, Pollet JP, Estienne MH, Savary JB, Huart JJ, Deminatti M. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1988 July 1; 33(1): 99-109. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3289733&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with atypical cytochemical features. Author(s): Shaw MT, Ishmael DR. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1975 March; 63(3): 415-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=46699&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with dermatomyositis-like onset in childhood. Author(s): Falcini F, Taccetti G, Trapani S, Lippi A, Bartolozzi G. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 1993 July; 20(7): 1260-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8371239&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with microblastosis and near haploidy (26 chromosomes): a case report. Author(s): Hoeltge GA, Dyment PG, Slovak ML. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1982; 10(1): 53-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6950203&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with prominent azurophilic granulation and punctate acidic nonspecific esterase and phosphatase activity. Author(s): Grogan TM, Insalaco SJ, Savage RA, Vail ML. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1981 May; 75(5): 716-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6263079&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with variant t(5;14) and preleukemia: expanding the spectrum of the 5q- abnormality? Author(s): Whitlock JA, McCurley TL.

18 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Blood. 1992 March 1; 79(5): 1376-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1536961&dopt=Abstract •

Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cytochemistry and ultrastructure. Author(s): Schmalzl F, Huhn D, Abbrederis K, Braunsteiner H. Source: Blut. 1974 August; 29(2): 87-95. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4136509&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia: a comprehensive review with emphasis on biology and therapy. Author(s): Cortes JE, Kantarjian H, Freireich EJ. Source: Cancer Treat Res. 1996; 84: 291-323. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8724635&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia: biological markers of clinical response. Author(s): Mauer AM, Bowman WP, Dow LW, Look AT, Williams D. Source: J Cell Physiol Suppl. 1982; 1: 127-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6950939&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia: correlation of clinical features with immunocytochemical classification. Author(s): Twu B, Li CY, Smithson WA, Hoagland HC, Dewald GW. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1987 May; 25(1): 13-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3472463&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia: nursing care, psychosocial issues, and discharge education. Author(s): Bean CA. Source: Oncology Nursing Forum. 1997 July; 24(6): 961-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9297182&dopt=Abstract

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia-associated cell membrane antigen. Author(s): Billing R, Minowada J, Cline M, Clark B, Lee K. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1978 August; 61(2): 423-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=308102&dopt=Abstract

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Addition of rubidomycin to induction treatment with vincristine, prednisone, and Lasparaginase in standard-risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (study ALL V): a report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. Author(s): van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, de Koning J, Rammeloo JA, Solbu G, Suciu S, van Zanen GE.

Studies 19

Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 444-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3305211&dopt=Abstract •

Adult acute lymphocytic leukemia study testing chemotherapy and autologous and allogeneic transplantation. A follow-up report of the French protocol LALA 87. Author(s): Thiebaut A, Vernant JP, Degos L, Huguet FR, Reiffers J, Sebban C, Lepage E, Thomas X, Fiere D. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 135366, X. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147227&dopt=Abstract

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Adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Future research directions. Author(s): Kantarjian HM. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 207-11, Viii. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253607&dopt=Abstract

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Adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Introduction and questions related to current programs. Author(s): Kantarjian HM. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 1205-8, Vii. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147219&dopt=Abstract

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Adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: critical review of current knowledge. Author(s): Kantarjian HM. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1994 August; 97(2): 176-84. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8059784&dopt=Abstract

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Adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. Author(s): Cassileth PA, Andersen JW, Bennett JM, Hoagland HC, Mazza JJ, O'Connell MC, Paietta E, Wiernik P. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1992; 6 Suppl 2: 178-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1578927&dopt=Abstract

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Adult and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: are they different diseases? Author(s): Mauer AM. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1993 January; 42(1): 127-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8416287&dopt=Abstract

20 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma following preparation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy2). Author(s): Copelan EA, Biggs JC, Szer J, Thompson JM, Crilley P, Brodsky I, Klein JL, Kapoor N, Harman GS, Avalos BR. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1993 August; 20(4 Suppl 4): 33-8; Quiz 39. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8342074&dopt=Abstract

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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Author(s): Martin TG, Gajewski JL. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 97-120. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253611&dopt=Abstract

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Alpha-chain locus of the T-cell antigen receptor is involved in the t(10;14) chromosome translocation of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kagan J, Finan J, Letofsky J, Besa EC, Nowell PC, Croce CM. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1987 July; 84(13): 4543-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2885838&dopt=Abstract

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Altered mercaptopurine metabolism, toxic effects, and dosage requirement in a thiopurine methyltransferase-deficient child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evans WE, Horner M, Chu YQ, Kalwinsky D, Roberts WM. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1991 December; 119(6): 985-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1960624&dopt=Abstract

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Alternaria infection in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Body BA, Sabio H, Oneson RH, Johnson CE, Kahn J, Hanna MD. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1987 April; 6(4): 418-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3473426&dopt=Abstract

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An evaluation of diagnostic techniques utilized in the initial workup of pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kuntz DJ, Leonard JC, Nitschke RM, Vanhoutte JJ, Wilson DA, Basmadjian GP. Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 1984 July; 9(7): 405-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6590162&dopt=Abstract

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An initial report of a phase-III trial comparing vindesine and vincristine for acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Krivit W, Chilcote R, Pyesmany A, Anderson J, Hammond D.

Studies 21

Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1979; 2(4): 267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=287570&dopt=Abstract •

An integrated approach to the assessment of family adjustment to acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Magni G, Silvestro A, Tamiello M, Zanesco L, Carli M. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1988 November; 78(5): 639-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3232545&dopt=Abstract

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An outbreak of pneumocystis pneumonia in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ruebush TK 2nd, Weinstein RA, Baehner RL, Wolff D, Bartlett M, GonzlesCrussi F, Sulzer AJ, Schultz MG. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1978 February; 132(2): 143-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=305199&dopt=Abstract

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An unrelated donor bone marrow transplant (BMT) for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aker SN, Vogelsan GB, Riley-Graves L, Manela EM, Stutzer CA, Beck J, Weisdorf S. Source: Cancer Practice. 1993 November-December; 1(4): 268-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8111436&dopt=Abstract

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An unusual t(9;12)(p13;q24) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Price C, Hagger D, Kanfer E, Spoudeas H, Samson D, Haworth C. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1989 February; 37(2): 293-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2702632&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of cell proteins in lymphoblasts of acute lymphocytic leukemia by twodimensional gel electrophoresis. Author(s): Tsuchiya H, Migita M, Nunoi H, Adachi N, Matsuda I, Takeda T. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1987; 77(2): 65-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3111142&dopt=Abstract

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Analysis of gamma globin chain composition in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Iolascon A, Pinto L, Di Tullio MT, Cutillo S. Source: Haematologica. 1988 November-December; 73(6): 445-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3148505&dopt=Abstract

22 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Analysis of the BCR-ABL protein in Philadelphia chromosome-positive adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bseiso AW, Kantarjian HM, Guo JQ, Cortes J, Talpaz M, Koller C, AlBitar M, Keating M, Arlinghaus R. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1997 September; 11(9): 1583-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9305617&dopt=Abstract

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Antibodies to human herpes virus-6 in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Levine PH, Ablashi DV, Saxinger WC, Connelly RR. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1992 November; 6(11): 1229-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1331626&dopt=Abstract

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Apoptosis and acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Schuler D, Szende B. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1997 September 17; 824: 28-37. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9382453&dopt=Abstract

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Apoptosis and pH of blasts in acute childhood leukemia. Author(s): Malinowska I, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Wasik M, Rokicka-Milewska R. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 June; 8(6): Cr441-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12070437&dopt=Abstract

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Arthritis caused by unidentified gram-positive rods in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Appelbaum PC, Dossett JH. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1982 March; 15(3): 525-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6951832&dopt=Abstract

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Asparaginase in combination chemotherapy for remission induction of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pratt CB, Roberts D, Shanks E, Warmath EL, Jackson R. Source: Cancer Research. 1973 September; 33(9): 2020-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4516498&dopt=Abstract

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Aspergillus vegetative endocarditis complicated with schizocytic hemolytic anemia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nishiura T, Miyazaki Y, Oritani K, Tominaga N, Tomiyama Y, Katagiri S, Kanayama Y, Yonezawa T, Tarui S, Yamada T, et al.

Studies 23

Source: Acta Haematologica. 1986; 76(1): 60-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3098030&dopt=Abstract •

Association between HLA-D region antigens and disease-free survival in childhood non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Casper JT, Marrari M, Piaskowski V, Lauer SJ, Duquesnoy RJ. Source: Blood. 1982 September; 60(3): 698-702. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6954996&dopt=Abstract

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Association of serum iron, serum transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin with survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Potaznik D, Groshen S, Miller D, Bagin R, Bhalla R, Schwartz M, de Sousa M. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1987 Winter; 9(4): 350-5. Erratum In: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1988 Fall; 10(3): 277. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3484368&dopt=Abstract

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Ataxia-telangiectasia associated with non-T, non-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sugimoto T, Kidowaki T, Sawada T, Ohtsuka-Urano T, Kusunoki T. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982 May; 71(3): 509-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6958175&dopt=Abstract

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Atypical anorexia nervosa and hysterical symptomatology in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A case management conference. Author(s): Szajnberg NM, Zalneraitis E, Altman AJ, Weisman SJ, Andrulonis PA. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1989 December; 28(12): 561-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2582696&dopt=Abstract

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Auer-bodies in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) Author(s): Jehn U, Thiel E, Baumgart R. Source: Blood. 1980 January; 55(1): 167-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6243217&dopt=Abstract

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Augmentation of cell number and LAK activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2. Preliminary results in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma. Author(s): Anderson PM, Bach FH, Ochoa AC. Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : Cii. 1988; 27(1): 82-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3260824&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Dicke KA, Spinolo JA.

24 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1992; 6 Suppl 2: 136-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1578916&dopt=Abstract •

Autologous stem cell transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Author(s): Martin TG, Linker CA. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 121-43. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253604&dopt=Abstract

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Autologous stem cell transplantation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gorin NC. Source: Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). 2002; 20(1): 3-10. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11796917&dopt=Abstract

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Avascular necrosis of bone after adult acute lymphocytic leukemia treatment with methotrexate, vincristine, L-asparaginase, and dexamethasone (MOAD). Author(s): Hui L, Wiernik PH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1996 July; 52(3): 184-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8756084&dopt=Abstract

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Avascular necrosis of bone following combination chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Felix C, Blatt J, Goodman MA, Medina J. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1985; 13(5): 269-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3861932&dopt=Abstract

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B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Clinical, morphologic, and immunologic findings. Author(s): Gill PS, Meyer PR, Pavlova Z, Levine AM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1986 May; 4(5): 737-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3486255&dopt=Abstract

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B8.7 antigen is present on B-cell precursor acute lymphocytic leukemia. Correlation with the low molecular weight B-cell growth factor responsiveness of these cells. Author(s): Leprince C, Blumenfeld N, Flandrin G, Galanaud P, Sigaux F, Richard Y. Source: Blood. 1990 February 15; 75(4): 963-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2137354&dopt=Abstract

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Baker's antifol in children with late-stage acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nitschke R, Vietti T, Ragab A, Dyment P.

Studies 25

Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 December; 62(12): 2109-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=376130&dopt=Abstract •

Banding studies of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cimino MC, Rowley JD, Kinnealey A, Variakojis D, Golomb HM. Source: Cancer Research. 1979 January; 39(1): 227-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=367578&dopt=Abstract

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Basal ganglia calcification on CT scanning in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smith D, Bloch S, Al-Rashid RA. Source: Neuroradiology. 1980; 20(2): 91-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6932592&dopt=Abstract

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B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia in HIV-antibody-positive patients. Author(s): Gold JE, Castella A, Zalusky R. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1989 November; 32(3): 200-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2816914&dopt=Abstract

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BCG in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Heyn RM, Joo P, Karon M, Nesbit M, Shore N, Breslow N, Weiner J, Reed A, Hammond D. Source: Blood. 1975 September; 46(3): 431-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1056801&dopt=Abstract

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Becoming a cancer patient: a study of families of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Tarr J, Pickler RH. Source: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing : Official Journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. 1999 January; 16(1): 44-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9989016&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral optic disk edema and blindness as initial presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Mayo GL, Carter JE, McKinnon SJ. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2002 July; 134(1): 141-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12095830&dopt=Abstract

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Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in an 11-year-old with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Is a chance to cut really a chance to cure? Author(s): Zarin DA, Pauker SG.

26 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making. 1983; 3(2): 247-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6605469&dopt=Abstract •

Biology and treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Camitta BM, Pullen J, Murphy S. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1997 February; 24(1): 83-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9045307&dopt=Abstract

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Birth characteristics, maternal reproductive history, hormone use during pregnancy, and risk of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia by immunophenotype (United States). Author(s): Ou SX, Han D, Severson RK, Chen Z, Neglia JP, Reaman GH, Buckley JD, Robison LL. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 2002 February; 13(1): 15-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11899114&dopt=Abstract

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Blepharochalasis associated with dermatomyositis and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bartley GB, Gibson LE. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1992 June 15; 113(6): 727-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1598975&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow histoplasmosis associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Drewinko B, Lichtiger B, Thomson S. Source: Beitr Pathol. 1972; 147(3): 293-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4508193&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: MR relaxation times. Author(s): Moore SG, Gooding CA, Brasch RC, Ehman RL, Ringertz HG, Ablin AR, Matthay KK, Zoger S. Source: Radiology. 1986 July; 160(1): 237-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3459212&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Weisdorf DJ. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1997 May; 11 Suppl 4: S20-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9179277&dopt=Abstract

Studies 27

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Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia utilizing total body irradiation followed by high doses of cytosine arabinoside: lack of superiority over cyclophosphamide-containing conditioning regimens. Author(s): Woods WG, Ramsay NK, Weisdorf DJ, Haake R, Vallera DA, Kim TH, Lasky L, Nesbit ME, Bostrom B, Uckun F, et al. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1990 July; 6(1): 9-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2202462&dopt=Abstract

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Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nesbit ME Jr, Woods WG, Weisdorf D, Filipovich AH, LeBien TW, Kersey JH, Ramsay NK. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1985 June; 12(2): 149-59. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3892695&dopt=Abstract

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Boys but not girls with T-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are different from children with B-progenitor ALL. Population-based data results of initial prognostic factors and long-term event-free survival. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. Author(s): Imbach P, Fuchs A, Berchtold W, Arnet B, Stupnicki A, Angst R, Signer E. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 1995 November; 17(4): 346-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7583392&dopt=Abstract

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Brain sarcoma of meningeal origin after cranial irradiation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Case report. Author(s): Tiberin P, Maor E, Zaizov R, Cohen IJ, Hirsch M, Yosefovich T, Ronen J, Goldstein J. Source: Journal of Neurosurgery. 1984 October; 61(4): 772-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6590801&dopt=Abstract

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Breast involvement with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wiernik PH. Source: Cancer. 1989 April 15; 63(8): 1624. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2924269&dopt=Abstract

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Brief report. Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis and Cryptococcus albidus fungemia in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wells GM, Gajjar A, Pearson TA, Hale KL, Shenep JL. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1998 December; 31(6): 544-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9835915&dopt=Abstract

28 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Brief-duration high-intensity chemotherapy for patients with small noncleaved-cell lymphoma or FAB L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of cancer and leukemia group B study 9251. Author(s): Lee EJ, Petroni GR, Schiffer CA, Freter CE, Johnson JL, Barcos M, Frizzera G, Bloomfield CD, Peterson BA. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 October 15; 19(20): 4014-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11600602&dopt=Abstract

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Burkitt's acute lymphocytic leukemia (L3ALL) in adults. Author(s): Fenaux P, Bourhis JH, Ribrag V. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 37-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253608&dopt=Abstract

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Can protocol-specified doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy be used as a measure of treatment actually received? A CCG/NIH study on long-term survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Haupt R, Novakovic B, Fears TR, Byrne J, Robinson LL, Tucker MA, Reaman GH. Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1996 June; 49(6): 687-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8656231&dopt=Abstract

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Cancer after acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gilman PA, Miller RW. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1981 April; 135(4): 311-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6938126&dopt=Abstract

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Candida abscess of the thyroid in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Da'as N, Lossos IS, Yahalom V, Rund D, Wolf DG, Zelig O, Ben-Yehuda D. Source: European Journal of Medical Research. 1997 August 28; 2(8): 365-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9262492&dopt=Abstract

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Case report 761. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Patrone SV, Resnik CS, Aisner SC, Young JW. Source: Skeletal Radiology. 1992; 21(8): 546-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1465651&dopt=Abstract

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Catheter-related cutaneous aspergillosis complicated by fungemia and fatal pulmonary infection in an HIV-positive patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Girmenia C, Gastaldi R, Martino P.

Studies 29

Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. 1995 June; 14(6): 524-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7588826&dopt=Abstract •

Causes of mortality in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Choudhry VP, Krishnamurthy L, Arya LS, Desai N, Pati H. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1992 June; 29(6): 709-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1500128&dopt=Abstract

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Cell surface characteristics of human histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. II. Expression of Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin binding surface glycoproteins, HLA-DR and common acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL) antigen. Author(s): Nilsson K, Kimura A, Klareskog L, Anderson LC, Gahmberg CG, Wigzell H. Source: Leukemia Research. 1981; 5(3): 185-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6943398&dopt=Abstract

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Cell-mediated immune responsiveness of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission. Author(s): Oldham RK, Weiner RS, Mathe G, Breard J, Simmler MC, Carde P, Herberman RB. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1976 March 15; 17(3): 326-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1062362&dopt=Abstract

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Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cortes J. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 145-62. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253605&dopt=Abstract

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Central nervous system involvement of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Drury SS, Sathiapalan RK, Warrier RP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2000 March-April; 22(2): 167-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10779033&dopt=Abstract

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Cerebral calcifications associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garwicz S, Mortensson W. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1977 March; 90(3): 496-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=264958&dopt=Abstract

30 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Cerebral calcifications associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Mueller S, Bell W, Seibert J. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1976 April; 88(4 Pt. 1): 650-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1062546&dopt=Abstract

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Cerebral glucose metabolic change after high-dose methotrexate treatment in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shishido F, Uemura K, Komatsu K, Inugami A, Ogawa T, Yamaguchi T, Murakami M, Kanno I. Source: Acta Radiologica. Supplementum. 1986; 369: 422-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2980515&dopt=Abstract

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Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in children during treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Silverstein FS, Hutchinson RJ, Johnston MV. Source: Pediatric Research. 1986 April; 20(4): 285-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2422625&dopt=Abstract

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Cessation of therapy during complete remission of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ, Simone JV, Husto HO, Verzosa MS, Pinkel D. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1974 December 5; 291(23): 1230-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4528982&dopt=Abstract

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Changes in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes associated with relapse of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kovesi TA, Hsu E. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 1994 September-October; 11(5): 527-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7826848&dopt=Abstract

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Changes in red blood cell methotrexate pharmacology and their impact on outcome when cytarabine is infused with methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children: a pediatric oncology group study. Author(s): Graham ML, Shuster JJ, Kamen BA, Land VJ, Borowitz MJ, Camitta B, Cheo DL, Harrison MP, Leventhal BG, Pinkel DP, Pullen DJ, Steuber P, Whitehead VM. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1996 February; 2(2): 331-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9816176&dopt=Abstract

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Characterisation of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11) activity on various leukemic cells expressing the common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen (CALLA). Author(s): Arock M, Gros C, Devillier P, Guillosson JJ, Schwartz JC.

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Source: Febs Letters. 1989 May 8; 248(1-2): 123-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2524403&dopt=Abstract •

Characteristics and outcome of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and myeloperoxidase-positive blasts by electron microscopy. Author(s): Preti A, Kantarjian HM, Estey E, Huh Y, Keating M, Pierce S, HirschGinsberg C, Yee G, Stass SA. Source: Hematol Pathol. 1994; 8(4): 155-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7860434&dopt=Abstract

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Characterization of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes from an acute lymphocytic leukemia with four rearrangements. Author(s): Carter M, Neale GA, Kitchingman GR. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1991 August; 5(8): 668-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1909410&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia: cognitive and academic sequelae. Author(s): Brown RT, Madan-Swain A, Pais R, Lambert RG, Sexson S, Ragab A. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1992 December; 121(6): 885-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1447650&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Holland JF, Glidewell O. Source: Cancer. 1972 December; 30(6): 1480-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4509104&dopt=Abstract

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Chemotherapy-related side effects in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in Taiwan: a nursing perspective. Author(s): Chen YC, Lin KH. Source: Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1992 March-April; 33(2): 11929. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1514401&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with a preleukemic phase: report of an associated translocation and review of the literature. Author(s): Whitlock JA, McCurley TL. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1993 October; 11(3-4): 299-303. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8260901&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with a second primary neoplasm. Author(s): Walters TR.

32 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1979 Fall; 1(3): 285-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=317418&dopt=Abstract •

Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smithson WA, Gilchrist GS, Burgert EO Jr. Source: Ca: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 1980 May-June; 30(3): 158-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6769554&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ. Source: Compr Ther. 1976 April; 2(4): 48-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1063069&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Initial radiological bone involvement and prognosis. Author(s): Aur RJ, Westbrook HW, Riggs W Jr. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1972 November; 124(5): 653-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4508099&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: progress and problems in treatment. Author(s): Bowman WP. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1981 January 15; 124(2): 129-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7006781&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: study VIII. Author(s): Aur RJ, Simone JV, Verzosa MS, Hustu HO, Barker LF, Pinkel DP, Rivera G, Dahl GV, Wood A, Stagner S, Mason C. Source: Cancer. 1978 November; 42(5): 2123-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=363252&dopt=Abstract

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Childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia--a model for therapeutic strategies in hemopoietic neoplasia. Author(s): Simone JV. Source: Recent Results Cancer Res. 1979; 69: 49-54. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=382308&dopt=Abstract

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Cholelithiasis during remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia in a child. Author(s): Kasprisin DO, Heiss R, Rausen AR. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1981 October; 20(10): 678. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6944166&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosomal findings and their correlation to prognosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kaneko Y, Hayashi Y, Sakurai M. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1981 November; 4(3): 227-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6947858&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosome abnormalities in 16 Finnish patients with Burkitt's lymphoma or L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Knuutila S, Elonen E, Heinonen K, Borgstrom GH, Lakkala-Paranko T, Perkkio M, Franssila K, Teerenhovi L, Ekblom M, von Willebrand E, et al. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1984 October; 13(2): 139-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6592036&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosome studies in patients with acute nonlymphocytic or acute lymphocytic leukemia submitted to bone marrow transplantation--results of a European cooperative study. Author(s): Zaccaria A, Rosti G, Testoni N, Arnold R, Bandini G, Becher R, Boogaerts M, Carbonell F, Di Bartolomeo P, Ferrant A, et al. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1987 May; 26(1): 51-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3548946&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosomes in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hossfeld DK. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1987 May; 26(1): 59-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3470136&dopt=Abstract

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Chronic parvovirus B19 meningitis in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sinclair JP, Croxson MC, Thomas SM, Teague LR, Mauger DC. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1999 April; 18(4): 395-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10223704&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical and biological characteristics of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Author(s): Kalwinsky DK, Raimondi SC, Bunin NJ, Fairclough D, Pui CH, Relling MV, Ribeiro R, Rivera GK. Source: Am J Med Genet Suppl. 1990; 7: 267-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2149960&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical and biological heterogeneity of childhood B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia: implications for clinical trials. Author(s): Sullivan MP, Pullen DJ, Crist WM, Brecher M, Ramirez I, Sabio H, Borowitz MJ, Head DR, Cerezo L, Shuster JJ, et al.

34 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1990 January; 4(1): 6-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2404163&dopt=Abstract •

Clinical and immunological recovery of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia admitted to “total therapy” studies. Author(s): Borella L, Green AA, Aur RJ, Simone JV, Pinkel D. Source: Recent Results Cancer Res. 1973; 43: 145-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4531073&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and Down's syndrome. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Ragab AH, Abdel-Mageed A, Shuster JJ, Frankel LS, Pullen J, van Eys J, Sullivan MP, Boyett J, Borowitz M, Crist WM. Source: Cancer. 1991 February 15; 67(4): 1057-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1825025&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical experience in prevention of candidiasis by nystatin in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Carpentieri U, Haggard ME, Lockhart LH, Gustavson LP, Box QT, West EF. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1978 April; 92(4): 593-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=273087&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical features of central nervous system involvement in E-rosette-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Roskos RR, Smithson WA, Groover RV, Bergert EO Jr, Gilchrist GS. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1983 Summer; 5(2): 119-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6577804&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical pharmacodynamic studies of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evans WE, Abromowitch M, Crom WR, Relling MV, Bowman WP, Pui CH, Ochs J, Dodge R. Source: Nci Monogr. 1987; (5): 81-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3481040&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Identification of a relation between concentration and effect. Author(s): Evans WE, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Dodge R, Look AT, Bowman WP, George SL, Pui CH. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1986 February 20; 314(8): 471-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3456079&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical trials of teniposide (VM-26) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rivera GK, Evans WE. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1992 April; 19(2 Suppl 6): 51-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1411639&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical trials of the acute leukemia group B in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Glidewell OJ, Holland JF. Source: Bibl Haematol. 1973; 39: 1053-67. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4521511&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical trials referral resource. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cheson BD. Source: Oncology (Huntingt). 1993 May; 7(5): 31-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8512780&dopt=Abstract

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Clinicopathologic aspects of E rosette negative T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Borowitz MJ, Dowell BL, Boyett JM, Pullen DJ, Crist WM, Quddus FM, Falletta JM, Metzgar RS. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1986 February; 4(2): 170-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3484780&dopt=Abstract

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Close association of accelerated rates of whole body protein turnover (synthesis and breakdown) and energy expenditure in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kien CL, Camitta BM. Source: Jpen. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 1987 March-April; 11(2): 12934. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3473242&dopt=Abstract

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Closely related BCR/ABL oncogenes are associated with the distinctive clinical biologies of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Witte ON. Source: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1988; 141: 42-9. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3063449&dopt=Abstract

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Clostridium perfringens septicemia in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sharpe MR, Bentley HP, Blackburn W.

36 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Am J Dis Child. 1979 January; 133(1): 101-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=216262&dopt=Abstract •

Cognitive and academic late effects among children previously treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving chemotherapy as CNS prophylaxis. Author(s): Brown RT, Madan-Swain A, Walco GA, Cherrick I, Ievers CE, Conte PM, Vega R, Bell B, Lauer SJ. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1998 October; 23(5): 333-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9782681&dopt=Abstract

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Cognitive late effects of treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Fergusson JH. Source: Top Clin Nurs. 1981 January; 2(4): 21-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6934634&dopt=Abstract

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Cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a severe complication in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sohngen D, Heyll A, Meckenstock G, Arning M, Runde V, Schneider W, Wernet P. Source: Transfusion. 1992 October; 32(8): 790-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1412692&dopt=Abstract

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Colony growth of peripheral blood cells from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Mack T, Robinson WA, Holton CP. Source: Cancer Research. 1972 October; 32(10): 2054-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4507648&dopt=Abstract

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Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: results of CALGB protocol 7113. Author(s): Henderson ES, Scharlau C, Cooper MR, Haurani FI, Silver RT, Brunner K, Carey RW, Falkson G, Blom J, Nawabi IV, Levine AS, Bank A, Cuttner J, Cornwell GG 3rd, Henry P, Nissen NI, Wiernik PH, Leone L, Wohl H, Rai K, James GW, Weinberg V, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Source: Leukemia Research. 1979; 3(6): 395-407. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=297176&dopt=Abstract

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Combination chemotherapy for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who fail to respond to standard remission-induction therapy. Author(s): Lay HN, Ekert H, Colebatch JH. Source: Cancer. 1975 October; 36(4): 1220-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1058044&dopt=Abstract

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Combination chemotherapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Henderson ES. Source: Cancer Research. 1967 December; 27(12): 2570-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5237352&dopt=Abstract

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Combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smyth AC, Wiernik PH. Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1976 February; 19(2): 240-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=770047&dopt=Abstract

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Combination therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia of children. Author(s): Holland JF. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1972 November 27; 222(9): 1169-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4507723&dopt=Abstract

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Combined modality therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Simone JV, Aur RJ, Hustu HO, Verzosa M, Pinkel D. Source: Cancer. 1975 January; 35(1): 25-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1053694&dopt=Abstract

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Common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen is identical to neutral endopeptidase. Author(s): Letarte M, Vera S, Tran R, Addis JB, Onizuka RJ, Quackenbush EJ, Jongeneel CV, McInnes RR. Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1988 October 1; 168(4): 1247-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2971756&dopt=Abstract

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Comparable effects of 1800- and 2400-rad (18- and 24-Gy) cranial irradiation on height and weight in children treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Starceski PJ, Lee PA, Blatt J, Finegold D, Brown D. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1987 May; 141(5): 550-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3578168&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Zintl F, Hermann J, Fuchs D, Prager J, Reiners B, Muller A, Kob D, Goetz I, Metzner G. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 692-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2323668&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of intermediate-dose methotrexate with cranial irradiation for the postinduction treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Freeman AI, Weinberg V, Brecher ML, Jones B, Glicksman AS, Sinks LF, Weil

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M, Pleuss H, Hananian J, Burgert EO Jr, Gilchrist GS, Necheles T, Harris M, Kung F, Patterson RB, Maurer H, Leventhal B, Chevalier L, Forman E, Holland JF. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1983 March 3; 308(9): 477-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6571946&dopt=Abstract •

Comparison of maintenance treatment regimens for first central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Land VJ, Thomas PR, Boyett JM, Glicksman AS, Culbert S, Castleberry RP, Berry DH, Vats T, Humphrey GB. Source: Cancer. 1985 July 1; 56(1): 81-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3859359&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of techniques for detecting T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Melvin SL. Source: Blood. 1979 July; 54(1): 210-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=376002&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of two different schedules of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor during treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a hyper-CVAD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone) regimen. Author(s): Weiser MA, O'Brien S, Thomas DA, Pierce SA, Lam TP, Kantarjian HM. Source: Cancer. 2002 January 15; 94(2): 285-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11900213&dopt=Abstract

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Complement receptor-positive, sheep erythrocyte receptor-negative lymphoblasts in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Richie ER, Culbert SJ, Sullivan MP, van Eys J. Source: Cancer Research. 1978 November; 38(11 Pt 1): 3616-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=151582&dopt=Abstract

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Complete remodeling of the vertebrae in a child successfully treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): deCastro LA, Kuhn JP, Freeman AI, Sinks LF, Mindell ER. Source: Cancer. 1977 July; 40(1): 398-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=267505&dopt=Abstract

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Computed tomographic findings of the brain in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after central nervous system prophylaxis without cranial irradiation. Author(s): Kolmannskog S, Moe PJ, Anke IM. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979 November; 68(6): 875-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=295173&dopt=Abstract

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Computed tomography brain scans in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving methotrexate alone as central nervous system prophylaxis. Author(s): Ochs JJ, Berger P, Brecher ML, Sinks LF, Kinkel W, Freeman AI. Source: Cancer. 1980 May 1; 45(9): 2274-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6929724&dopt=Abstract

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Computerized tomography scan findings in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with three different methods of central nervous system prophylaxis. Author(s): Brecher ML, Berger P, Freeman AI, Krischer J, Boyett J, Glicksman AS, Foreman E, Harris M, Jones B, Cohen ME, et al. Source: Cancer. 1985 November 15; 56(10): 2430-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3862463&dopt=Abstract

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Congenital acute lymphocytic leukemia in a newborn with Klinefelter syndrome. Author(s): Gale GB, Toledano SR. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1984 Fall; 6(3): 338-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6595949&dopt=Abstract

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Consolidation therapy with antimetabolite-based therapy in standard-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Harris MB, Shuster JJ, Pullen DJ, Borowitz MJ, Carroll AJ, Behm FG, Land VJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1998 August; 16(8): 2840-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9704737&dopt=Abstract

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Correlation of HLA-DRw3 with childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Michel K, Hubbel C, Dock NL, Davey FR. Source: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 1981 October; 105(10): 560. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6945072&dopt=Abstract

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Correlation of the FAB morphologic criteria and prognosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Wagner VM, Baehner RL. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1979 Summer; 1(2): 103-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=295577&dopt=Abstract

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Cranial irradiation and lymphocyte subpopulations in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kishida K, Miyazaki S, Take H, Fujimoto T, Shin H, Sasaki K, Goya N. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1978 May; 92(5): 785-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=305954&dopt=Abstract

40 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Cranial irradiation in the management of extreme leukemic leukocytosis complicating childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gilchrist GS, Fountain KS, Dearth JC, Smithson WA, Burgert EO Jr. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1981 February; 98(2): 257-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6936549&dopt=Abstract

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Cranial radiation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Neuropsychologic sequelae. Author(s): Whitt JK, Wells RJ, Lauria MM, Wilhelm CL, McMillan CW. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1984 August; 138(8): 730-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6377873&dopt=Abstract

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Cure of acute lymphocytic leukemia following relapse. Author(s): Rivera GK, Murphy SB. Source: Pediatrics. 1987 April; 79(4): 650-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3469616&dopt=Abstract

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Current management of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ekert H. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1981 July-August; 48(393): 491-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7035349&dopt=Abstract

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Current therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia: is it rational? Author(s): Mauer AM. Source: Blood Cells. 1982; 8(3): 553-60. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6760934&dopt=Abstract

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Current trends in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Castleberry RP. Source: Ala J Med Sci. 1981 July; 18(3): 243-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6945058&dopt=Abstract

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Cutaneous disseminated actinomycosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Takeda H, Mitsuhashi Y, Kondo S. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1998 January; 25(1): 37-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9519608&dopt=Abstract

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Cytodiagnosis and monitoring of acute lymphocytic leukemia and eosinophilia in cerebrospinal fluid. Author(s): Coleman A, Schumann GB.

Studies 41

Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology. 1987 December; 3(4): 330-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3480795&dopt=Abstract •

Cytogenetic aberrations in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: optimal technique may influence the results. Author(s): Pedersen RK, Kerndrup GB, Sorensen AG, Mourits-Andersen T, GramHansen P, Pulczynski S, Schmidt KG. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2001 July 1; 128(1): 7-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11454422&dopt=Abstract

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Cytogenetic studies in 45 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Whang-Peng J, Freireich EJ, Oppenheim JJ, Frei E 3rd, Tjio JH. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1969 June; 42(6): 881-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4240411&dopt=Abstract

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Cytogenetic studies in acute lymphocytic leukemia: special emphasis in long-term survival. Author(s): Whang-Peng J, Knutsen T, Ziegler J, Leventhal B. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1976; 2(3): 333-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1068341&dopt=Abstract

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Cytogenetics in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wetzler M. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 123749. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147221&dopt=Abstract

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Cytomegaloviremia in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cox F, Hughes WT. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1975 August; 87(2): 190-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=168338&dopt=Abstract

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Cytomegalovirus oophoritis with cortical necrosis during remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Iwasaki T, Sakuma T, Satodate R, Takano N, Sata T, Kurata T. Source: Acta Pathol Jpn. 1988 August; 38(8): 1069-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2847481&dopt=Abstract

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Cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine in refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bryan JH, Henderson ES, Leventhal BG.

42 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Cancer. 1974 February; 33(2): 539-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4521473&dopt=Abstract •

Cytotoxic antibody in normal human serums reactive with tumor cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bias WB, Santos GW, Burke PJ, Mullins GM, Humphrey RL. Source: Science. 1972 October 20; 178(58): 304-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4116712&dopt=Abstract

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Cytotoxicity of purified Leu 19+ cells from the peripheral blood of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Afify ZA, Abdel-Mageed A, Findley HW, Ragab AH. Source: Cancer. 1990 August 1; 66(3): 469-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1694716&dopt=Abstract

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Daunorubicin (NSC-83142) versus daunorubicin plus prednisone (NSC-10023) versus daunorubicin plus vincristine (NSC-67574) plus prednisone in advanced childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Jones B, Cuttner J, Levy RN, Patterson RB, Kung F, Pleuss HJ, Falkson G, Treat CL, Haurani F, Burgert EO Jr, Rosner F, Carey RW, Lukens J, Blom J, Degnan TJ, Wohl H, Glidewell O, Holland JF. Source: Cancer Chemother Rep. 1972 December; 56(6): 729-37. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4574054&dopt=Abstract

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Decrease in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose after high-dose methotrexate in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Komatsu K, Takada G, Uemura K, Shishido F, Kanno I. Source: Pediatric Neurology. 1990 September-October; 6(5): 303-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2242171&dopt=Abstract

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Decreased incidence of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated prophylactically with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Author(s): Morgan E. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1981 November; 99(5): 807-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6975363&dopt=Abstract

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Decreased lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia children and their parents. Author(s): Zimmer J, Khalifa AS, Lightbody JJ. Source: Cancer Research. 1975 January; 35(1): 68-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1053696&dopt=Abstract

Studies 43

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Decreasing the risk of infection in a child with end stage renal disease and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hiott K, Hudson K, Gibbons G. Source: Anna J. 1987 August; 14(4): 273. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3115200&dopt=Abstract

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Defect of NK activity in children with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). I. Dependence on the blast count and phenotype, and response to exogenous and endogenous alpha-interferon. Author(s): Gabrilovac J, Rajic L, Martin-Kleiner I, Osmak M, Batinic D, Tiefenbach A, Boranic M. Source: J Clin Lab Immunol. 1989 May; 29(1): 9-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2628585&dopt=Abstract

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Defective immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wakiguchi H, Fujieda M, Matsumoto K, Ohara Y, Wakiguchi A, Kurashige T. Source: Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1989 April; 31(2): 144-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2560606&dopt=Abstract

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Defective transport as a mechanism of acquired resistance to methotrexate in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Trippett T, Schlemmer S, Elisseyeff Y, Goker E, Wachter M, Steinherz P, Tan C, Berman E, Wright JE, Rosowsky A, et al. Source: Blood. 1992 September 1; 80(5): 1158-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1381235&dopt=Abstract

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Defective transport is a common mechanism of acquired methotrexate resistance in acute lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with decreased reduced folate carrier expression. Author(s): Gorlick R, Goker E, Trippett T, Steinherz P, Elisseyeff Y, Mazumdar M, Flintoff WF, Bertino JR. Source: Blood. 1997 February 1; 89(3): 1013-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9028333&dopt=Abstract

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Defects of natural killer cell activity in children with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gabrilovac J, Boranic M, Kusic B, Batinic D, Rajic L, Tiefenbach A. Source: Klin Wochenschr. 1988 April 15; 66(8): 354-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3164791&dopt=Abstract

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Deletion of alpha-, beta-, and omega-interferon genes in malignant cells from children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Einhorn S, Grander D, Bjork O, Brondum-Nielsen K, Soderhall S.

44 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Cancer Research. 1990 December 15; 50(24): 7781-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1701354&dopt=Abstract •

Deletions and losses in chromosomes 5 or 7 in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: incidence, associations and implications. Author(s): Dabaja BS, Faderl S, Thomas D, Cortes J, O'Brien S, Nasr F, Pierce S, Hayes K, Glassman A, Keating M, Kantarjian HM. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 June; 13(6): 869-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10360374&dopt=Abstract

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Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9, including the interferon-alpha/-beta genes, in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Studies on loss of heterozygosity, parental origin of deleted genes and prognosis. Author(s): Heyman M, Grander D, Brondum-Nielsen K, Liu Y, Soderhall S, Einhorn S. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1993 July 9; 54(5): 748-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8100807&dopt=Abstract

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Demyelinating neuropathy and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gorson KC, Miller KB, Preston DC. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1993 March; 7(3): 466-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8445952&dopt=Abstract

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Dental care in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bertolone SJ, Burzynski NJ, Borden D. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1981 August; 74(8): 976-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6943686&dopt=Abstract

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Dental treatment for the child with acute lymphocytic leukemia 1974. Author(s): Carey JA, Chilcote RR. Source: Asdc J Dent Child. 1975 May-June; 42(3): 191-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=239034&dopt=Abstract

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Dermatoglyphics and acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Edelstein J, Amylon M, Walsh JA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing : Official Journal of the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses. 1991 January; 8(1): 30-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2012691&dopt=Abstract

Studies 45

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Detection of residual leukemic cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia of B-cells (B-ALL) by a nonradioactive PCR-based technique. Author(s): Lendeckel U, Wex T, Frank K, Daoud A, Franke A, Ansorge S. Source: Cancer Detection and Prevention. 1996; 20(3): 185-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8769711&dopt=Abstract

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Development of a histiocytic medullary reticulosis-like syndrome during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Griffin JD, Ellman L, Long JC, Dvorak AM. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1978 May; 64(5): 851-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=274070&dopt=Abstract

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Development of an effective treatment program for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: a preliminary report. Author(s): Furman L, Camitta BM, Jaffe N, Sallan SE, Cassady JR, Traggis D, Leavitt P, Nathan DG, Frei E 3rd. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1976; 2(2): 157-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=822270&dopt=Abstract

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Development of chronic myelocytic leukemia during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia in an adult. Author(s): Fisher BL, Lyons RM, Sears DA. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1977; 2(3): 291-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=271462&dopt=Abstract

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Development of systemic lupus erythematosus following autologous bone marrow transplant for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Steinbach WJ, Sandborg CI. Source: The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001 June; 28(6): 1467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11409148&dopt=Abstract

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Diabetes insipidus complicating acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Malter IJ, Gross S, Teree TM. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1969 February; 117(2): 228-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5249718&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnostic value of surgical testicular biopsy after therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hudson MM, Frankel LS, Mullins J, Swanson DA. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1985 July; 107(1): 50-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3859628&dopt=Abstract

46 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Dicentric (9;12) in acute lymphocytic leukemia and other hematological malignancies: report from a dic(9;12) study group. Author(s): Behrendt H, Charrin C, Gibbons B, Harrison CJ, Hawkins JM, Heerema NA, Horschler-Botel B, Huret JL, Lai JL, Lampert F, et al. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1995 January; 9(1): 102-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7845002&dopt=Abstract

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Differences in teniposide disposition and pharmacodynamics in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evans WE, Rodman JH, Relling MV, Petros WP, Stewart CF, Pui CH, Rivera GK. Source: The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1992 January; 260(1): 71-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1731053&dopt=Abstract

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Differential effects of 18- and 24-Gy cranial irradiation on growth rate and growth hormone release in children with prolonged survival after acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cicognani A, Cacciari E, Vecchi V, Cau M, Balsamo A, Pirazzoli P, Tosi MT, Rosito P, Paolucci G. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1988 November; 142(11): 1199-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3177326&dopt=Abstract

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Diminished lymphocyte and granulocyte gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia and response to chemotherapy. Author(s): Russo SA, Harris MB, Greengard O. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1987 September; 26(1): 67-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2888307&dopt=Abstract

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Discontinuing therapy in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. A multicentric survey in Italy. Author(s): Mandelli F, Amadori S, Rajnoldi AC, Di Montezemolo LC, Madon E, Masera G, Meloni G, Pacilli L, Paolucci G, Pastore G, Rosito P, Uderzo C, Vecchi V. Source: Cancer. 1980 September 15; 46(6): 1319-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6932251&dopt=Abstract

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Discrepant cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization results in a 26-year-old male with early T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Chinnappan D, Cowan J, Rastogi A, Miller KB, Blanchard R, Wyandt HE. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1998 October 15; 106(2): 116-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9797775&dopt=Abstract

Studies 47

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Disposition of intermediate-dose methotrexate in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evans WE, Stewart CF, Hutson PR, Cairnes DA, Bowman WP, Yee GC, Crom WR. Source: Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1982 November; 16(11): 839-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6959800&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated cutaneous and vascular invasion by Fusarium moniliforme in a fatal case of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smith AG, Bustamante CI, Wood C. Source: Mycopathologia. 1993 April; 122(1): 15-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8326994&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with poor prognostic features. Author(s): Champion LA, Luddy RE, Schwartz AD. Source: Cancer. 1978 April; 41(4): 1642-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=273470&dopt=Abstract

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Disseminated intravascular DNA thromboemboli. A complication of chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smith SB, Blum EB. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1978 March; 132(3): 294-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=272849&dopt=Abstract

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Diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics and myelotoxicity of mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Koren G, Langevin AM, Olivieri N, Giesbrecht E, Zipursky A, Greenberg M. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1990 October; 144(10): 1135-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2403095&dopt=Abstract

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DNA methylation of multiple promoter-associated CpG islands in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Daniel J, Smith TL, Kornblau SM, Lee MS, Kantarjian HM, Issa JP. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2002 July; 8(7): 2217-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12114423&dopt=Abstract

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DNA methylation patterns at relapse in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Bueso-Ramos C, Daniel J, Williamson J, Kantarjian HM, Issa JP.

48 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2002 June; 8(6): 1897-903. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12060634&dopt=Abstract •

Donor leukocyte infusions in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Collins RH Jr, Goldstein S, Giralt S, Levine J, Porter D, Drobyski W, Barrett J, Johnson M, Kirk A, Horowitz M, Parker P. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000 September; 26(5): 511-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11019840&dopt=Abstract

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Double Philadelphia chromosomes in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Yahata N, Tauchi T, Kimura Y, Kodama A, Fukutake K, Ohyashiki K. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2000 August; 121(1): 101-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10991618&dopt=Abstract

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Dysgonic fermenter 3 bacteremia in a neutropenic patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aronson NE, Zbick CJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1988 October; 26(10): 2213-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3183009&dopt=Abstract

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E receptors on blasts from untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL): comparison of temperature dependence of E rosettes formed by normal and leukemic lymphoid cells. Author(s): Borella L, Sen L. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1975 January; 114(1 Pt 1): 187-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1089710&dopt=Abstract

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E rosette negative T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bernard A. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1986 August; 4(8): 1281-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3488375&dopt=Abstract

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E2A-Pbx1, the t(1;19) translocation protein of human pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, causes acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Author(s): Kamps MP, Baltimore D. Source: Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1993 January; 13(1): 351-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8093327&dopt=Abstract

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Early diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy of acute lymphocytic leukemia by MRI. Author(s): Ito M, Akiyama Y, Asato R, Kubota M, Kasai Y, Rios E, Mikawa H.

Studies 49

Source: Pediatric Neurology. 1991 November-December; 7(6): 436-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1797008&dopt=Abstract •

Early intensification therapy in high-risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: lack of benefit from high-dose methotrexate. Author(s): Janka GE, Winkler K, Juergens H, Goebel U. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 456-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476379&dopt=Abstract

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Early results of intensified remission induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rivera GK, George SL, Williams D, Look AT, Abromowitch M, Pui CH, Ochs JJ, Dahl GV, Kalwinsky DK, Mirro J, et al. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1986; 14(3): 177-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3462464&dopt=Abstract

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Educational late effects in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Peckham VC, Meadows AT, Bartel N, Marrero O. Source: Pediatrics. 1988 January; 81(1): 127-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3422112&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of hydration on methotrexate plasma concentrations in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Christensen ML, Rivera GK, Crom WR, Hancock ML, Evans WE. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1988 May; 6(5): 797-801. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3163362&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of methylprednisolone and VP-16 on acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Skala JP, Rogers PC, Chan KW, Richardson RO, Cannon de Rodriguez W. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990; 333: 79-86. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2309003&dopt=Abstract

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Effective dose of L-asparaginase for induction of remission in previously treated children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: a report from Childrens Cancer Study Group. Author(s): Ertel IJ, Nesbit ME, Hammond D, Weiner J, Sather H. Source: Cancer Research. 1979 October; 39(10): 3893-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=383278&dopt=Abstract

50 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Effective multidrug, multimodality consolidation therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a preliminary report. Author(s): Stein RS, Flexner JM, Collins RD. Source: Cancer. 1982 March 1; 49(5): 846-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6977407&dopt=Abstract

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Effective prevention of central nervous system leukemia with intrathecal methotrexate and intrathecal methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and hydrocortisone in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ, Hanna M, Sabbah R, Sackey K, Willoughby S, Atwood J. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 504-10. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2323651&dopt=Abstract

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Effectiveness of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia induction chemotherapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cassileth PA, Bennett JM. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1985 December; 69(12): 1439-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3865702&dopt=Abstract

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Effectiveness of rubidomycin in induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase for standard risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Dutch phase III study (ALL V). A report on behalf of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group (DCLSG). Author(s): van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Suciu S, Solbu G, van 't Veer MB, Rammeloo JA, de Koning J, van Zanen GE. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1989 Summer; 11(2): 125-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2665546&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of central-nervous-system irradiation on neuropsychologic functioning of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Soni SS, Marten GW, Pitner SE, Duenas DA, Powazek M. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1975 July 17; 293(3): 113-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1055858&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of cranial radiation on hearing in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Thibadoux GM, Pereira WV, Hodges JM, Aur RJ. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1980 March; 96(3 Pt 1): 403-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6928463&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy and morbidity of daunomycin (NSC-82151) added to vincristine (NSC-67574) and prednisone (NSC-10023) for remission induction of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Verzosa M, Fite A.

Studies 51

Source: Cancer Chemother Rep. 1971 February; 55(1): 79-82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5287341&dopt=Abstract •

Efficacy of daunorubicin in the therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized trial by cancer and leukemia group B. Author(s): Gottlieb AJ, Weinberg V, Ellison RR, Henderson ES, Terebelo H, Rafla S, Cuttner J, Silver RT, Carey RW, Levy RN, et al. Source: Blood. 1984 July; 64(1): 267-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6375760&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of high-dose methotrexate in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: analysis by contemporary risk classifications. Author(s): Abromowitch M, Ochs J, Pui CH, Fairclough D, Murphy SB, Rivera GK. Source: Blood. 1988 April; 71(4): 866-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3281724&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of intrathecal methotrexate with and without cranial radiotherapy in preventing central nervous system relapses in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Choudhry VP, Krishnamurthy L, Rath GK, Arya LS, Pati H, Saraya AK. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1992 July; 29(7): 843-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1428132&dopt=Abstract

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Electrophoretic distributions of human peripheral blood mononuclear white cells from normal subjects and from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smith BA, Ware BR, Weiner RS. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1976 July; 73(7): 2388-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1065891&dopt=Abstract

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Electrophoretic examination of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. II. Communication. Author(s): Harms D. Source: Z Kinderheilkd. 1974; 118(2): 107-15. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4140631&dopt=Abstract

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Electrophoretic mobility distributions of normal human T and B lymphocytes and of peripheral blood lymphoblasts in acute lymphocytic leukemia: effects of neuraminidase and of solvent ionic strength. Author(s): Smith BA, Ware BR, Yankee RA. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1978 March; 120(3): 921-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=305450&dopt=Abstract

52 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Endocarditis due to Eikenella corrodens in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Fainstein V, Luna MA, Bodey GP. Source: Cancer. 1981 July 1; 48(1): 40-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7016299&dopt=Abstract

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Endogenous fungal retinitis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia manifesting as uveitis and optic nerve lesion. Author(s): Song A, Dubovy SR, Berrocal AM, Murray T. Source: Archives of Ophthalmology. 2002 December; 120(12): 1754-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12470157&dopt=Abstract

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Endogenous Fusarium endophthalmitis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Patel AS, Hemady RK, Rodrigues M, Rajagopalan S, Elman MJ. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1994 March 15; 117(3): 363-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8129012&dopt=Abstract

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Epidemiological characteristics of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Greaves MF, Alexander FE. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1994 October; 8(10): 1793-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7934179&dopt=Abstract

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Epidemiological characteristics of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Analysis by immunophenotype. The Childrens Cancer Group. Author(s): Buckley JD, Buckley CM, Ruccione K, Sather HN, Waskerwitz MJ, Woods WG, Robison LL. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1994 May; 8(5): 856-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8182942&dopt=Abstract

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Epstein-Barr virus infection in Chediak-Higashi syndrome mimicking acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kinugawa N. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1990 Summer; 12(2): 182-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2165746&dopt=Abstract

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Erythroid hypoplasia. An unusual presentation of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): de Alarcon PA, Miller ML, Stuart MJ.

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Source: Am J Dis Child. 1978 August; 132(8): 763-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=278478&dopt=Abstract •

Erythrophagocytic acute lymphocytic leukemia with B-cell markers and with a 20qchromosome abnormality. Author(s): Colon-Otero G, Li CY, Dewald GW, White WL. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1984 October; 59(10): 678-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6332955&dopt=Abstract

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Establishment and characterization of a cell line, TOM-1, derived from a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Okabe M, Matsushima S, Morioka M, Kobayashi M, Abe S, Sakurada K, Kakinuma M, Miyazaki T. Source: Blood. 1987 April; 69(4): 990-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3103721&dopt=Abstract

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Etoposide and cytosine arabinoside combination chemotherapy for refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Esumi N, Todo S, Arakawa S, Imashuku S. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1986 July; 4(7): 1089-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3459812&dopt=Abstract

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ETV6 is the target of chromosome 12p deletions in t(12;21) childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cave H, Cacheux V, Raynaud S, Brunie G, Bakkus M, Cochaux P, Preudhomme C, Lai JL, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1997 September; 11(9): 1459-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9305598&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of a polychemotherapeutic regimen including Idarubicin (4demethoxydaunorubicin) in relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Mandelli F, Testi AM, Aloe Spiriti MA, Giona F, Meloni G, Moleti ML, Amadori S, Pacciarini MA. Source: Haematologica. 1986 January-February; 71(1): 34-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3084353&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells obtained from children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: advantages of combining cytomorphology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Author(s): Casper JT, Lauer SJ, Kirchner PA, Gottschall JL, Camitta BM.

54 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1983 November; 80(5): 666-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6579834&dopt=Abstract •

Evaluation of cytogenetic samples and pertinent technical variables in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hawkins JM, Secker-Walker LM. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1991 March; 52(1): 79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2009514&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of different induction regimens in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Choudhry VP, Arya LS. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1988 September-October; 55(5): 789-95. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3246387&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of treatment with protocol IIA in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients (a preliminary report). Author(s): Nurbafri NY, Arsyad J, Yazid E, Asykaruddin, Sutjipto A. Source: Paediatr Indones. 1986 May-June; 26(5-6): 93-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3461420&dopt=Abstract

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Exclusive p15INK4B gene deletions in acute lymphocytic leukemia include the E1 beta exon of the p16INK4 gene. Author(s): Heyman M, Rasool O, Brandter LB, Liu Y, Grander D, Einhorn S, Soderhall S. Source: Blood. 1996 February 15; 87(4): 1657-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8608263&dopt=Abstract

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Experience with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD) chemotherapy in adults with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Walters RS, Keating MJ, Barlogie B, McCredie KB, Freireich EJ. Source: Cancer. 1989 July 1; 64(1): 16-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2659160&dopt=Abstract

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Expression of a distinctive BCR-ABL oncogene in Ph1-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Clark SS, McLaughlin J, Timmons M, Pendergast AM, Ben-Neriah Y, Dow LW, Crist W, Rovera G, Smith SD, Witte ON. Source: Science. 1988 February 12; 239(4841 Pt 1): 775-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3422516&dopt=Abstract

Studies 55

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Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors by two pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines. Author(s): Tsai LH, White L, Raines E, Ross R, Smith RG, Cushley W, Ozanne B. Source: Blood. 1994 January 1; 83(1): 51-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8274753&dopt=Abstract

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis in acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as hepatic, renal, and splenic microabscesses. Author(s): Kopecky KK, Moriarty AT, Antony AC, Baker MK. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1986 October; 147(4): 846-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3489395&dopt=Abstract

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Factors in the cryopreservation of bone marrow cells from children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ragab AH, Gilkerson E, Myers M. Source: Cryobiology. 1977 April; 14(2): 125-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=266438&dopt=Abstract

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Failure of early intensive chemotherapy to improve prognosis in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Camitta BM, Pinkel D, Thatcher LG, Casper J, Kun LE, Lauer S. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1980; 8(4): 383-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7005645&dopt=Abstract

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Familial acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: genetic study of six generations with many consanguineous marriages and four cases of acute leukemia. Author(s): Hoffman RS. Source: J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1976 October; 31(10): 396-401. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=184142&dopt=Abstract

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Familial neurofibromatosis type I and adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Julia A, Ayguasanosa J, Blanco A. Source: Haematologica. 1999 May; 84(5): 472-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10329933&dopt=Abstract

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Fatal recurrent varicella in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Donn SM, Dickerman JD. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1981 Summer; 3(2): 183-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6946717&dopt=Abstract

56 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Fatal subacute immunosuppressive measles encephalitis (SIME) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia--clinical, electroencephalographic, and computerized tomographic scan features. Author(s): Ch'ien LT, Price RA, Murti KG, Ochs J. Source: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1983 October; 14(4): 214-20. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6416716&dopt=Abstract

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Fatal systemic herpes simplex without mucocutaneous manifestations in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hussain MI, Yaish H, Main C. Source: Indiana Med. 1987 October; 80(10): 951-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3481388&dopt=Abstract

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Favorable prognosis associated with hyperdiploidy in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia correlates with extra chromosome 6. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Jackson JF, Boyett J, Pullen J, Brock B, Patterson R, Land V, Borowitz M, Head D, Crist W. Source: Cancer. 1990 September 15; 66(6): 1183-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2205354&dopt=Abstract

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Favorable response to maintenance therapy of second or subsequent remissions in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kimball JC, Herson J, Sullivan MP. Source: Cancer. 1980 September 1; 46(5): 1093-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6938300&dopt=Abstract

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Ferritin and malignant hemopathies. II. Serum ferritin in adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia at presentation and in remission. Author(s): Lopez-Karpovitch X, Piedras J, Sosa A, Alvarez-Hernandez X, Cano R, Gomez-Almaguer D, Cordova MS. Source: Revista De Investigacion Clinica; Organo Del Hospital De Enfermedades De La Nutricion. 1983 July-September; 35(3): 225-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6579585&dopt=Abstract

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Fever, cough and pneumonia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Chan L, Loeffler AM. Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1997 October; 16(10): 1009, 1013-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9380460&dopt=Abstract

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Fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Suki S, Kantarjian H, Gandhi V, Estey E, O'Brien S, Beran M, Rios MB, Plunkett W, Keating M.

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Source: Cancer. 1993 October 1; 72(7): 2155-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8374873&dopt=Abstract •

Fluorescence in situ hybridization study of TEL/AML1 fusion and other abnormalities involving TEL and AML1 genes. Correlation with cytogenetic findings and prognostic value in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Martinez-Ramirez A, Urioste M, Contra T, Cantalejo A, Tavares A, Portero JA, Lopez-Ibor B, Bernacer M, Soto C, Cigudosa JC, Benitez J. Source: Haematologica. 2001 December; 86(12): 1245-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11726315&dopt=Abstract

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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: case reports and review of literature. Author(s): Sathiapalan RK, Velez MC, McWhorter ME, Irwin K, Correa H, Baliga R, Warrier RP. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 1998 September-October; 20(5): 482-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9787325&dopt=Abstract

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Further evidence of the involvement of the c-abl oncogene in chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Szabo P, Macera MJ, Verma RS. Source: Mol Biol Med. 1988 December; 5(3): 139-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3072467&dopt=Abstract

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Fusarium infection with unusual skin lesions in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hansson C, Rosen K, Braide I. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1995; 191(4): 333-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8573934&dopt=Abstract

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Fusion of the bcr and the c-abl genes in Ph'-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia with no rearrangement in the breakpoint cluster region. Author(s): ar-Rushdi A, Negrini M, Kurzrock R, Huebner K, Croce CM. Source: Oncogene. 1988 April; 2(4): 353-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3283653&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic predisposition to acute lymphocytic leukemia in American blacks. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Budowle B, Dearth J, Bowman P, Melvin S, Crist W, Go R, Kim T, Iyer R, Roseman J, Barger B, et al.

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Source: Cancer. 1985 June 15; 55(12): 2880-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2581686&dopt=Abstract •

Giant mitochondria in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Eguchi M, Iwama Y, Ochiai F, Ishikawa K, Sakakibara H, Sakamaki H, Furukawa T. Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 1987 August; 47(1): 69-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3475212&dopt=Abstract

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Glioblastoma multiforme following prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Chung CK, Stryker JA, Cruse R, Vannuci R, Towfighi J. Source: Cancer. 1981 June 1; 47(11): 2563-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6266634&dopt=Abstract

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Glucocorticoid receptors in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Costlow ME, Pui CH, Dahl GV. Source: Cancer Research. 1982 November; 42(11): 4801-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6957262&dopt=Abstract

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Glucocorticoid receptors in immunological subtypes of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia cells: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Quddus FF, Leventhal BG, Boyett JM, Pullen DJ, Crist WM, Borowitz MJ. Source: Cancer Research. 1985 December; 45(12 Pt 1): 6482-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3864532&dopt=Abstract

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Glucocorticoid receptors in subpopulations of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Yarbro GS, Lippman ME, Johnson GE, Leventhal BG. Source: Cancer Research. 1977 August; 37(8 Pt 1): 2688-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=141324&dopt=Abstract

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Glucocorticoid receptors in the lymphoblasts of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wells RJ, Mascaro K, Young PC, Cleary RE, Bachner RL. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1981 Fall; 3(3): 259-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6945061&dopt=Abstract

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Glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Durak I, Buyukberber S, Akyol O, Canbolat O, Kavutcu M, Tunc E.

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Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1994 July; 46(3): 254. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8192163&dopt=Abstract •

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor supportive treatment following intensive chemotherapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia in first remission. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Estey E, O'Brien S, Anaissie E, Beran M, Pierce S, Robertson L, Keating MJ. Source: Cancer. 1993 November 15; 72(10): 2950-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7693325&dopt=Abstract

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Granulopoietic studies in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children. Author(s): Mangalik A, Robinson WA, Holton CP. Source: Blut. 1977 February; 34(2): 77-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=300034&dopt=Abstract

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Growth and biologic properties of karyotypically defined subcategories of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Author(s): Jeha S, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S, Huh Y, Pisa P, Ordonez N, Beran M. Source: Blood. 1995 December 1; 86(11): 4278-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7492788&dopt=Abstract

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Growth in children after bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia as compared to acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Alter CA, Thornton PS, Willi SM, Bunin N, Moshang T Jr. Source: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1996 January-February; 9(1): 51-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8887133&dopt=Abstract

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Growth in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Berry DH, Elders MJ, Crist W, Land V, Lui V, Sexauer AC, Dickinson L. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1983; 11(1): 39-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6572778&dopt=Abstract

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Growth of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results. Author(s): Lippens RJ, Otten BJ, van 't Hof MA. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 427-31. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476377&dopt=Abstract

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Hematologic engraftment and reconstitution of immune function post unrelated placental cord blood transplant in an adult with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Laughlin MJ, Rizzieri DA, Smith CA, Moore JO, Lilly S, McGaughey D, Martin P, Carrier C, Stevens CE, Rubinstein P, Buckley R, Kurtzberg J.

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Source: Leukemia Research. 1998 March; 22(3): 215-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9619913&dopt=Abstract •

Hemiparesis and ischemic changes of the white matter after intrathecal therapy for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Yim YS, Mahoney DH Jr, Oshman DG. Source: Cancer. 1991 April 15; 67(8): 2058-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2004323&dopt=Abstract

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Hemolytic uremic syndrome followed by acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Salcedo JR, Fusner J. Source: Int J Pediatr Nephrol. 1986 July-September; 7(3): 169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3468090&dopt=Abstract

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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome as a presenting form of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Martini G, Dall'Amico R, Murer L, Montini G, D'Avino A, Zacchello G. Source: Annals of Hematology. 2000 August; 79(8): 452-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10985366&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatic and small bowel mucormycosis after chemotherapy in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Suh IW, Park CS, Lee MS, Lee JH, Chang MS, Woo JH, Lee IC, Ryu JS. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2000 June; 15(3): 351-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10895981&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in a long-term survivor of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Fried M, Kalra J, Ilardi CF, Sawitsky A. Source: Cancer. 1987 November 15; 60(10): 2548-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2444327&dopt=Abstract

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Hepatotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: pharmacokinetic characteristics. Author(s): Berkovitch M, Matsui D, Zipursky A, Blanchette VS, Verjee Z, Giesbrecht E, Saunders EF, Evans WE, Koren G. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1996 February; 26(2): 85-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8531858&dopt=Abstract

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Herpes zoster following varicella vaccine in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Williams DL, Gershon AA, Gelb LD, Spraker MK, Steinberg S, Ragab AH. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1985 February; 106(2): 259-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2982006&dopt=Abstract

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Herpes zoster in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Novelli VM, Brunell PA, Geiser CF, Narkewicz S, Frierson L. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1988 January; 142(1): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3277389&dopt=Abstract

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Heteroantiserum against acute lymphocytic leukemia raised to the lymphoblastoid cell line NALM-1. Author(s): Billing R, Clark B, Guidera K, Minowada J. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1978 December; 22(6): 694-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=309868&dopt=Abstract

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Heterogeneity of acute lymphocytic leukemia cell surface markers as detected by monoclonal antibodies. Author(s): Mann DL, Haynes BF, Thomas C, Cole D, Fauci AS, Poplack DG. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1983 July; 71(1): 11-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6602900&dopt=Abstract

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Heterogeneity of chromosome 22 breakpoint in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Erikson J, Griffin CA, ar-Rushdi A, Valtieri M, Hoxie J, Finan J, Emanuel BS, Rovera G, Nowell PC, Croce CM. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1986 March; 83(6): 1807-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3513189&dopt=Abstract

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Heterogeneity of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia defined by the quantitative expression of Ia and common all antigens. Author(s): Okamura J, Letarte M, Gelfand EW. Source: Leukemia Research. 1984; 8(3): 335-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6235405&dopt=Abstract

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Hexose monophosphate shunt activity of circulating phagocytes in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Skeel RT, Yankee RA, Henderson ES. Source: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1971 June; 77(6): 975-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5283987&dopt=Abstract

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High dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Moe PJ, Seip M. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978 May; 67(3): 265-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=148830&dopt=Abstract

62 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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High risk acute lymphocytic leukemia: a study of 141 cases with initial white blood cell counts over 100,000/cu mm. Author(s): Harousseau JL, Tobelem G, Schaison G, Chastang C, Auclerc MF, Weil M, Jacquillat C, Bernard J. Source: Cancer. 1980 November 1; 46(9): 1996-2003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6932999&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose anthracycline induction in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Todeschini G. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 9-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253610&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose methotrexate as part of remission maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group pilot study. Author(s): Frankel LS, Wang YM, Shuster J, Nitschke R, Doering EJ, Pullen J. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1983 December; 1(12): 804-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6583318&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose methotrexate for the remission induction of refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Peterson BA, Bloomfield CD. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1978; 5(1): 79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=370537&dopt=Abstract

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High-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Freeman AI, Wang JJ, Sinks LF. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 July; 61(4): 727-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=267510&dopt=Abstract

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Histiocytic medullary reticulosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of T cell origin. Author(s): Chen TK, Nesbit ME, McKenna R, Kersey JH. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1976 November; 130(11): 1262-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1086596&dopt=Abstract

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Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ulukutlu L, Yazici H, Cam H, Esen E, Ozbakir F. Source: Turk J Pediatr. 1986 April-June; 28(2): 111-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3461609&dopt=Abstract

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HL-A antigens and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Davey FR, Henry JB, Gottlieb AJ.

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Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1974 May; 61(5): 662-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4133233&dopt=Abstract •

HL-A antigens and acute lymphocytic leukemia: the nature of the HL-A2 association. Author(s): Rogentine GN, Trapani RJ, Yankee RA, Henderson ES. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1973; 3(6): 470-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4521388&dopt=Abstract

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HL-A antigens and disease. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rogentine GN Jr, Yankee RA, Gart JJ, Nam J, Trapani RJ. Source: The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1972 September; 51(9): 2420-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4508824&dopt=Abstract

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HLA-A9 and survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia and myelocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cohen E, Singal DP, Khurana U, Gregory SG, Cox C, Sinks L, Henderson E, Fitzpatrick JE, Higby D. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1977; 16: 65-70. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=269457&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin disease following acute lymphocytic leukemia in a patient from a cancerprone family: a case report. Author(s): Horbar JD, Dickerman JD, Allen EF, Albertini RJ. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1981; 9(3): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6941068&dopt=Abstract

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Hodgkin's disease in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission. Author(s): Sabatino D, Hameed N, Kulpa J, Kaufman MF. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1986 Spring; 8(1): 73-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3459379&dopt=Abstract

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Hopes for tomorrow versus realities of today: therapy and prognosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Holland JF. Source: Pediatrics. 1970 February; 45(2): 191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5263280&dopt=Abstract

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HPLC analysis of aromatic amino acids, nucleosides, and bases in plasma of acute lymphocytic leukemia on chemotherapy. Author(s): Zakaria M, Brown PR, Farnes MP, Barker BE.

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Source: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 1982 November 24; 126(1): 69-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6959747&dopt=Abstract •

Human B-cell antigens in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Lack of correlation with other lymphocyte surface markers. Author(s): Mann DL, Kundsen BB, Yarbro GC, Leventhal BG. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1979 July; 63(1): 49-53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=156279&dopt=Abstract

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Human deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase. Purification and characterization of the deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Williams MV, Cheng Y. Source: The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1979 April 25; 254(8): 2897-901. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=285077&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: cellular properties and prognostic implications. Author(s): Smets LA, Behrendt H, de Vaan G, Hahlen K, de Waal FC. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 513-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476383&dopt=Abstract

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Hypereosinophilia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rios-Herranz E, Fores-Cachon R, Diez-Martin SL, Fernandez MN. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1991 July; 67(789): 702-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1924073&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperfractionation versus single dose irradiation in human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells: application to TBI for marrow transplantation. Author(s): Shank B. Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. 1993 April; 27(1): 30-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8327730&dopt=Abstract

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Hypoplastic anemia: a preleukemic state in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Desai N, Vohra P, Pati H, Choudhry VP. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1991 October; 28(10): 1186-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1797672&dopt=Abstract

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Hypothalamic syndrome in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Greydanus DE, Burgert EO Jr, Gilchrist GS.

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Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1978 April; 53(4): 217-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=273134&dopt=Abstract •

Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction following CNS prophylaxis in acute lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with CT scan abnormalities. Author(s): Oliff A, Bode U, Bercu BB, Di Chiro G, Graves V, Poplack DG. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1979; 7(2): 141-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=291772&dopt=Abstract

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Hypothalamic-pituitary function of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after three forms of central nervous system prophylaxis. A retrospective study. Author(s): Voorhess ML, Brecher ML, Glicksman AS, Jones B, Harris M, Krischer J, Boyett J, Forman E, Freeman AI. Source: Cancer. 1986 April 1; 57(7): 1287-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3753892&dopt=Abstract

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Iatrogenic pancreatitis. A fatal complication in the induction therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Jain R, Ramanan SV. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1978 November; 138(11): 1726. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=281192&dopt=Abstract

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Identification of a leukemia-associated antigen of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Veit BC, Melvin SL, Bowman WP. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1980 June; 64(6): 1321-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6154821&dopt=Abstract

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Identification of risk groups for development of central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Walters RS, Smith TL, Keating MJ, Barlogie B, McCredie KB, Freireich EJ. Source: Blood. 1988 November; 72(5): 1784-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3052630&dopt=Abstract

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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Yenicesu I, Sanli C, Gurgey A. Source: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 2000 December; 17(8): 719-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11127406&dopt=Abstract

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Immune function at diagnosis in relation to responses to therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Jose DG, Ekert H, Colebatch J, Waters K, Wilson F, O'Keefe D.

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Source: Blood. 1976 June; 47(6): 1011-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1084177&dopt=Abstract •

Immune status in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Observations in 67 cases. Author(s): Bardare M, Pietrogrande MC, Corona F, Varin E, Carnelli V, Masera G. Source: Helv Paediatr Acta. 1978 August; 33(3): 241-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=309463&dopt=Abstract

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Immunity to diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after cessation of chemotherapy. Author(s): van der Does-van den Berg A, Hermans J, Nagel J, van Steenis G. Source: Pediatrics. 1981 February; 67(2): 222-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6941208&dopt=Abstract

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Immunogenetic determinants of familial acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Blattner WA, Naiman JL, Mann DL, Wimer RS, Dean JH, Fraumeni JF. Source: Annals of Internal Medicine. 1978 August; 89(2): 173-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=307933&dopt=Abstract

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Immunologic chimerism as evidence of bone marrow graft acceptance in an identical twin with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Starling KA, Falletta JM, Fernbach DJ. Source: Experimental Hematology. 1975 August; 3(4): 244-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1100419&dopt=Abstract

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Immunologic classification of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Foon KA, Herzog P, Billing RJ, Terasaki PI, Feig SA. Source: Cancer. 1981 January 15; 47(2): 280-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7006794&dopt=Abstract

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Immunologic markers in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Crist WM, Grossi CE, Pullen DJ, Cooper MD. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1985 June; 12(2): 105-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3892693&dopt=Abstract

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Immunophenotypes in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Role of flow cytometry in diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Author(s): Huh YO, Ibrahim S.

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Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 125165. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147222&dopt=Abstract •

Immunophenotypic analysis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Riley RS, Massey D, Jackson-Cook C, Idowu M, Romagnoli G. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2002 April; 16(2): 245-99, V. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12094473&dopt=Abstract

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Immunophenotyping to detect and characterize acute lymphocytic leukemia in testicular biopsies. Author(s): Verdi CJ, Hutter J, Grogan TM. Source: Pediatr Pathol. 1989; 9(2): 117-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2787504&dopt=Abstract

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Improved prognosis for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with very high white blood cell count (greater than 100/nl) with rotation of non-cross-resistant drug combinations. Author(s): Janka-Schaub GE, Goebel U, Graubner U, Haas RJ, Juergens H, Spaar HJ, Winkler K. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 489-93. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2182442&dopt=Abstract

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Improved results of an intensified therapy in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Lluesma-Gonalons M, Pavlovsky S, Santarelli MT, Eppinger-Helf M, Dorticos Bavea E, Corrado C, Carnot J. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1991 January; 2(1): 33-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2009234&dopt=Abstract

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In vitro and in vivo properties of human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen. Author(s): Saga T, Endo K, Koizumi M, Kawamura Y, Watanabe Y, Konishi J, Ueda R, Nishimura Y, Yokoyama M, Watanabe T. Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 1990 June; 31(6): 1077-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2348236&dopt=Abstract

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In vitro enhancement of natural killer cell activity against herpesvirus-infected targets in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): McKolanis JR, Ragab AH, Schmid DS.

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Source: Archives of Virology. 1991; 117(1-2): 17-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1848749&dopt=Abstract •

In vitro treatment of human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells in bone marrow with a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies. Author(s): Nakamura H, Hirayama F, Tatsumi Y, Tani Y, Kubota Y, Kanakura Y, Oguma S, Ueda T, Shibata H, Masaoka T. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1984 December; 14 Suppl 1: 537-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6596454&dopt=Abstract

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Increase in “Null” cells in acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission on long-term immunotherapy. Author(s): Joseph RR, Belpomme D. Source: Recent Results Cancer Res. 1976; (56): 72-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1087444&dopt=Abstract

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Increased BAX expression is associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hogarth LA, Hall AG. Source: Blood. 1999 April 15; 93(8): 2671-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10194447&dopt=Abstract

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Increased radiation sensitivity of fibroblasts in ataxia telangiectasia with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ali SK, Bowman WP, Aur RJ. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1981 December; 135(12): 1142-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6947688&dopt=Abstract

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Individualized dosages of chemotherapy as a strategy to improve response for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evans WE, Rodman J, Relling MV, Crom WR, Rivera GK, Crist WM, Pui CH. Source: Semin Hematol. 1991 July; 28(3 Suppl 4): 15-21. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1780747&dopt=Abstract

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Induction of tumor resistance by hybrid cell lines between human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and mouse myeloma cells. Author(s): Isobe K, Kawashima K, Watanabe E, Yamada K, Nagai Y, Nakashima I. Source: Gann. 1981 October; 72(5): 705-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6948734&dopt=Abstract

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Induction of tumoricidal activity and alterations of growth by interleukin-2 and manipulation of protein kinase C and cytosolic calcium in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Massey GV, McCrady CW, Dunn NL, Russell EC, Carchman RA. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1989 August; 3(8): 602-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2787455&dopt=Abstract

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Induction therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia without the use of vincristine or prednisone. Author(s): Weiss M. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 1-7, V. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253603&dopt=Abstract

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Infantile genetic agranulocytosis and acute lymphocytic leukemia in two sibs. Author(s): Lui V, Ragab AH, Findley H, Frauen B. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1978 June; 92(6): 1028. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=275472&dopt=Abstract

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Infection during induction of remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hughes WT, Smith DR. Source: Cancer. 1973 April; 31(4): 1008-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4513294&dopt=Abstract

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Infections during continuous complete remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia: during and after anticancer therapy. Author(s): Hughes WT. Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 1976 JanuaryFebruary; 1(3-4): 305-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=184071&dopt=Abstract

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Infectious mononucleosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Blom J. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1965 October 4; 194(1): 27-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5213074&dopt=Abstract

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Influence of cytotoxicity enhancers in combination with human serum on the activity of CD22-recombinant ricin A against B cell lines, chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): van Horssen PJ, van Oosterhout YV, Evers S, Backus HH, van Oijen MG, Bongaerts R, de Witte T, Preijers FW.

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Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 February; 13(2): 241-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10025898&dopt=Abstract •

Inhibitory anti-tumor effects of interleukin-4 on Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies. Author(s): Okabe M, Saiki I, Miyazaki T. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1992 September; 8(1-2): 57-63. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1493472&dopt=Abstract

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Initial features and prognosis in 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Simone JV, Verzosa MS, Rudy JA. Source: Cancer. 1975 December; 36(6): 2099-108. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1060505&dopt=Abstract

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Insights into the biologic and molecular abnormalities in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Faderl S, Albitar M. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 126788. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147223&dopt=Abstract

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Insulin binding of acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Esber EC, Buell DN, Leikin SL. Source: Blood. 1976 July; 48(1): 33-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1084767&dopt=Abstract

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Insulin receptor overexpression in a human pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line with a t(1;19) chromosome translocation near the INSR locus. Author(s): Kaplan GC, Pillion DJ, Rutter WJ, Kim H, Barker PE. Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1989 March 31; 159(3): 1275-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2539148&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside followed by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Estey EH, O'Brien S, Anaissie E, Beran M, Rios MB, Keating MJ, Gutterman J. Source: Blood. 1992 February 15; 79(4): 876-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1737098&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive intravenous methotrexate and mercaptopurine treatment of higher-risk non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Camitta B, Mahoney D, Leventhal B, Lauer SJ, Shuster JJ, Adair S, Civin C, Munoz L, Steuber P, Strother D, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1994 July; 12(7): 1383-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8021728&dopt=Abstract

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Intensive therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in second or subsequent remission: determination of prognostic factors (a report from the University of Minnesota Bone Marrow Transplantation Team). Author(s): Woods WG, Nesbit ME, Ramsay NK, Krivit W, Kim TH, Goldman A, McGlave PB, Kersey JH. Source: Blood. 1983 June; 61(6): 1182-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6340756&dopt=Abstract

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Interferon system in primary acute lymphocytic leukemia cells with or without deletions of the alpha-/beta-interferon genes. Author(s): Grander D, Heyman M, Brondum-Nielsen K, Liu Y, Lundgren E, Soderhall S, Einhorn S. Source: Blood. 1992 April 15; 79(8): 2076-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1562733&dopt=Abstract

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Interferon-alpha n1 in children with recurrent acute lymphocytic leukemia: a phase I study of pharmacokinetics and tolerance. Author(s): Wells RJ, Weck PK, Baehner RL, Krivit W, Raney RB, Ortega JA, Bernstein IO, Lampkin B, Whisnant JK, Sather HN, et al. Source: Journal of Interferon Research. 1988 June; 8(3): 309-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3166026&dopt=Abstract

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Interleukin 2 induces human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells to manifest lymphokine-activated-killer (LAK) cytotoxicity. Author(s): Kaufmann Y, Levanon M, Davidsohn J, Ramot B. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1987 August 1; 139(3): 977-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3496395&dopt=Abstract

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Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Freeman AI, Brecher ML, Wang JJ, Sinks LF. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1979; 23: 115-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=296106&dopt=Abstract

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Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Norway. Preliminary results of a national treatment program. Author(s): Moe PJ, Seip M, Finne PH. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1981 January; 70(1): 73-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6971042&dopt=Abstract

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Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). An update. Author(s): Freeman AI. Source: Sangre (Barc). 1985; 30(6): 1007-33. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3913034&dopt=Abstract

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Intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate and mercaptopurine therapy for non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Camitta B, Leventhal B, Lauer S, Shuster JJ, Adair S, Casper J, Civin C, Graham M, Mahoney D, Munoz L, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1989 October; 7(10): 1539-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2778483&dopt=Abstract

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Intermittent chemotherapy and BCG in continuation therapy of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ekert H, Jose DG, Walters KD, Smith PJ, Matthews RN. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1977; 3(1): 85-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=265001&dopt=Abstract

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Intermittent chemotherapy and immunotherapy with BCG in remission maintenance of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: effects upon immunological function. Author(s): Ekert H, Jose DG, Wilson FC, Matthews RN, Lay H. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1975 July 15; 16(1): 103-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1058172&dopt=Abstract

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Intermittent continuous iv infusion of high-dose cyclophosphamide for remission induction in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Solidoro A, Otero J, Vallejos C, Casanova L, Salas F, Pasco T, Quiroz L, Orlandini O, Marcial J. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 March-April; 65(3-4): 213-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6940657&dopt=Abstract

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Intracerebral calcifications appearing during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with methotrexate and X-rays. Author(s): Flament-Durand J, Ketelbant-Balasse P, Maurus R, Regnier R, Spehl M.

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Source: Cancer. 1975 February; 35(2): 319-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1053935&dopt=Abstract •

Intracranial and otological presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nabors MW, Narayan RK, Poplack DG. Source: Neurosurgery. 1985 August; 17(2): 309-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3861958&dopt=Abstract

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Intracranial bleeding during therapy with L-asparaginase in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Urban C, Sager WD. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1981 November; 137(3): 323-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6947890&dopt=Abstract

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Intracranial hemorrhage and focal seizures secondary to use of L-asparaginase during induction therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Cairo MS, Lazarus K, Gilmore RL, Baehner RL. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1980 November; 97(5): 829-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6933231&dopt=Abstract

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Invasive hyalohyphomycosis due to Fusarium solani in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Costa AR, Valente NY, Criado PR, Pires MC, Vasconcellos C. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2000 September; 39(9): 717-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11044201&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated central nervous system relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children. Experiences of the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG/SAKK) 19761986. Author(s): Stucki F, Arnet B, Baumgartner C, Beck D, Berchtold W, Bertrand AM, Bleher EA, Caflisch U, Delaleu B, Feldges A, et al. Source: Helv Paediatr Acta. 1988 November; 43(3): 187-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3065299&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated testicular leukemia following bone marrow transplant for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The need for pretransplant testicular biopsies. Author(s): Cairo M, Weetman RM, Baehner RL. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1982 Spring; 4(1): 41-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7046495&dopt=Abstract

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Isolated testicular relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: categories and influence on survival. Author(s): Bowman WP, Aur RJ, Hustu HO, Rivera G.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1984 August; 2(8): 924-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6589364&dopt=Abstract •

Karyotypic and clinical findings in a consecutive series of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Heerema NA, Palmer CG, Baehner RL. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1985 June; 17(2): 165-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3857967&dopt=Abstract

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Kidney size at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: lack of prognostic significance for outcome. Author(s): Neglia JP, Day DL, Swanson TV, Ramsay NK, Robison LL, Nesbit ME Jr. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1988 Winter; 10(4): 296-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3239706&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of association between abnormalities of the chromosome 9 short arm and either “lymphomatous” features or T cell phenotype in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Carroll AJ, Castleberry RP, Crist WM. Source: Blood. 1987 March; 69(3): 735-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3493041&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of correlation between blast cell size and length of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Wagner VM, Baehner RL. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1977; 3(4): 373-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=270609&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of p21(CIP1) DNA methylation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shen L, Kondo Y, Issa JP, Garcia-Manero G. Source: Blood. 2002 November 1; 100(9): 3432-3; Author Reply 3433-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12412576&dopt=Abstract

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Lack of prognostic value of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and blast cell size in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shaw MT. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1977; 2(3): 237-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=74208&dopt=Abstract

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Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a child while in remission for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Chiles LR, Christian MM, McCoy DK, Hawkins HK, Yen AH, Raimer SS.

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Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2001 December; 45(6 Suppl): S233-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11712070&dopt=Abstract •

Language-related skills in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Moehle KA, Berg RA, Ch'ien LT, Lancaster W. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1983 December; 4(4): 257-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6198335&dopt=Abstract

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L-Asparaginase as a single agent in acute lymphocytic leukemia: survey of studies form Childrens Cancer Study Group. Author(s): Nesbit ME, Ertel I, Hammond GD. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1981; 65 Suppl 4: 101-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7049373&dopt=Abstract

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L-asparaginase reinduction and maintenance therapy in previously treated acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sieger L, Higgins G, Ortega J, Shore N, Williams K. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1976; 2(3): 327-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1068340&dopt=Abstract

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L-asparaginase used with cytosine arabinoside in treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia refractory to vincristine and prednisone. Author(s): Smithson WA, Gilchrist GS, Burgert EO Jr. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1979; 6(2): 163-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=287856&dopt=Abstract

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L-Asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone for induction of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ortega JA, Nesbit ME Jr, Donaldson MH, Hittle RE, Weiner J, Karon M, Hammond D. Source: Cancer Research. 1977 February; 37(2): 535-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=264412&dopt=Abstract

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L-Asparaginase-induced coagulopathy during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sills RH, Nelson DA, Stockman JA 3rd. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1978; 4(4): 311-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=281595&dopt=Abstract

76 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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L-asparaginase-induced hypocomplementemia in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) of childhood. Author(s): Shapiro R, Kim Y, Michael AF, Gerrard JM, Nesbit M, Coccia P, Ramsay NK, Krivit W. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1979 Spring; 1(1): 5-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=295575&dopt=Abstract

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Late intensification therapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Meloni G, Mandelli F, Aloe Spiriti MA, Giona F, Amadori S. Source: Haematologica. 1982 October; 67(5): 803-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6816694&dopt=Abstract

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Left shift in the peripheral blood count at diagnosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia is significantly correlated with duration of complete remission. Author(s): Shen BJ, Ekert H, Tauro GP, Balderas A. Source: Blood. 1984 January; 63(1): 216-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6418231&dopt=Abstract

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Letter: Membrane immunofluorescence in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Astaldi A Jr, Martini A, Massimo L. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1974 June 20; 290(25): 1438. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4597887&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemia cutis in acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as viral exanthem. Author(s): Chao SC, Lee JY, Tsao CJ. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1999 April; 26(4): 216-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10343465&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemic distribution of a human acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line (Ichikawa strain) in nude mice conditioned with whole-body irradiation. Author(s): Watanabe S, Shimosato Y, Kameya T, Kuroki M, Kitahara T, Minato K, Shimoyama M. Source: Cancer Research. 1978 October; 38(10): 3494-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=278639&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemic involvement of the ovaries in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zarrouk SO, Kim TH, Hargreaves HK, Ragab AH. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1982 March; 100(3): 422-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6950077&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemic iris infiltration in recurrent acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Britt JM, Karr DJ, Kalina RE.

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Source: Archives of Ophthalmology. 1991 October; 109(10): 1456-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1929942&dopt=Abstract •

Leukemic relapse presenting as acute unilateral hypopyon in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Decker EB, Burnstine RA. Source: Ann Ophthalmol. 1993 September; 25(9): 346-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8297072&dopt=Abstract

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Leukemic thyroiditis as the initial relapsing sign in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia and blast expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule. Author(s): Byrd JC, Dow NS, Gaertner E, Hargis JB, Raber TR, Burrell L, Weiss RB. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1997 August; 55(4): 212-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9257883&dopt=Abstract

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Leukocyte glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as prognostic indicator in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Devi GS, Prasad MH, Reddy PP, Rao DN. Source: Indian J Exp Biol. 1995 November; 33(11): 829-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8786155&dopt=Abstract

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Leukodepletion for acute lymphocytic leukemia in a three-week-old infant. Author(s): Woloskie S, Armelagos H, Meade JM, Haas D. Source: Journal of Clinical Apheresis. 2001; 16(1): 31-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11309829&dopt=Abstract

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Life-threatening diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium in a child undergoing therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Miller RA, Holmberg RE Jr, Clausen CR. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1983 August; 103(2): 256-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6576123&dopt=Abstract

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Limiting toxicities during intensified remission induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rivera GK, Kovnar E, Pui CH, Dahl GV, Abromowitch M, Ochs JJ, Look AT, Kalwinsky DK, Mirro J, Dow LW, et al. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 156-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476354&dopt=Abstract

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Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia: possible involvement of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Author(s): Kano Y, Kokaji T, Shiohara T.

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Source: Eur J Dermatol. 1999 March; 9(2): 122-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10066961&dopt=Abstract •

Lithium and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Carulli G, Azzara A, Caracciolo F, Margelli M, Ambrogi F, Grassi B. Source: Haematologica. 1983 September-October; 68(5): 698. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6416950&dopt=Abstract

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Livedo reticularis in association with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Report of a case. Author(s): Popkin GL, Brodie SJ. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1965 August; 92(2): 160-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11850918&dopt=Abstract

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Liver and spleen MRI findings in virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zilkha A, Madan V, Leonidas JC, Valderrama E. Source: Pediatric Radiology. 1998 December; 28(12): 920-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9880630&dopt=Abstract

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Liver function studies in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after cessation of therapy. Author(s): Bessho F, Kinumaki H, Yokota S, Hayashi Y, Kobayashi M, Kamoshita S. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1994; 23(2): 111-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8202032&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of individuals undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Woods WG, Ramsay NK, Kersey JH. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1986 June; 4(6): 1015-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3519877&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up of treatment and potential cure of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia with MOAD: a non-anthracycline containing regimen. Author(s): Wiernik PH, Dutcher JP, Paietta E, Gucalp R, Markus S, Weinberg V, Azar C, Garl S, Benson L. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1993 August; 7(8): 1236-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8350624&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term follow-up results of adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma treated with short-term, alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 8702. Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Kobayashi T, Tobinai K, Shimoyama M, Mikuni C, Konda S, Kozuru M, Araki K, Sai T, Fukuhara S, Matsumoto M, Aoki I, Deura K, Oyama A, Hotta T, Abe T, Toki H, Nagai M, Fukuda H, Niimi M, Yamaguchi N, Tajima K, Shirakawa S. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999 July; 29(7): 340-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10470659&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term neurological implications of somnolence syndrome in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ch'ien LT, Aur RJ, Stagner S, Cavallo K, Wood A, Goff J, Pitner S, Hustu HO, Seifert MJ, Simone JV. Source: Annals of Neurology. 1980 September; 8(3): 273-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6933883&dopt=Abstract

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Long-term survival in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Italy. Author(s): Mandelli F, Amadori S, Ceci A, Guazzelli C, Madon E, Marchi A, Masera G, Paolucci G, Zanesco L. Source: Cancer. 1981 December 1; 48(11): 2364-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6945898&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dosage asparaginase treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pratt CB, Choi SI, Holton CP. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1971 May; 121(5): 406-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5283023&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose cytosine arabinoside as remission induction therapy in refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Onundarson PT, Rowe JM. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1989 April; 86(4): 493-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2929641&dopt=Abstract

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Low-dose cytosine arabinoside in relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Amara F, Colonna P. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1990 January; 88(1): 82-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2294771&dopt=Abstract

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Lower incidence of meningeal leukemia when prednisone is replaced by dexamethasone in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Jones B, Freeman AI, Shuster JJ, Jacquillat C, Weil M, Pochedly C, Sinks L, Chevalier L, Maurer HM, Koch K, et al.

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Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1991; 19(4): 269-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2056971&dopt=Abstract •

Lymphoblasts with T-cell markers in five girls with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hann HW, London WT, Evans AE. Source: Cancer. 1977 May; 39(5): 2001-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=300649&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Davey FR, Gottlieb AJ. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1974 December; 62(6): 818-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4530625&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte surface receptors in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Esber E, DiNicola W, Movassaghi N, Leikin S. Source: Pediatrics. 1975 November; 56(5): 788-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1081671&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphocyte thymidine kinase and treatment response in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Russo SA, Harris MB, Greengard O. Source: Leukemia Research. 1987; 11(2): 149-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3469483&dopt=Abstract

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Lymphoma in Castleman's disease, acute lymphocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma accompanied with high serum soluble Fas ligand levels. Author(s): Takubo T, Ohkura H, Kumura T, Ohta K, Yamane T, Hino M, Kamitani T, Tatsumi N. Source: Haematologia. 2000; 30(1): 23-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10841320&dopt=Abstract

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Male reproductive capacity may recover following drug treatment with the L-10 protocol for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Evenson DP, Arlin Z, Welt S, Claps ML, Melamed MR. Source: Cancer. 1984 January 1; 53(1): 30-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6580941&dopt=Abstract

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Malignant external otitis as the presentation of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pacini DL, Trevorrow T, Rao MK, Birck HG, Barson WJ.

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Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1996 December; 15(12): 1132-4. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8970229&dopt=Abstract •

Malignant histiocytosis occurring in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Karcher DS, Head DR, Mullins JD. Source: Cancer. 1978 May; 41(5): 1967-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=274172&dopt=Abstract

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Management of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: present issues and key challenges. Author(s): Preti A, Kantarjian HM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1994 June; 12(6): 1312-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8201394&dopt=Abstract

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Mandibular involvement in acute lymphocytic leukemia: report of case. Author(s): Huffman GG. Source: J Oral Surg. 1976 September; 34(9): 842-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1065733&dopt=Abstract

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Mandibular lesion in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Goepp RA. Source: J Oral Pathol. 1976 January; 5(1): 60-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=814221&dopt=Abstract

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Marker chromosome 1q+ in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Petkovic I, Nakic M, Tiefenbach A, Konja J, Kastelan M, Rajic L, Feminic-Kes R. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1987 February; 24(2): 251-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3466676&dopt=Abstract

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Markers and properties of a pure cell population in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Astaldi A Jr, Mori PG, Martini A, Giovanelli A, Franchini MI. Source: Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1973 July-August; 52(4): 306-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4544265&dopt=Abstract

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Maytansine in refractory childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Sabio H, Frankel L, Sexauer C, Falletta J, Kim TH. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1983 November; 67(11): 1045. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6580069&dopt=Abstract

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Membrane markers and 14q+ acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): De Rossi G, Alimena G. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1981; 65(2): 138-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6785962&dopt=Abstract

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Membrane-bound Ig-bearing cells in the peripheral blood of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Astaldi A Jr, Martini A, Franchini MI. Source: Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1974; 53(1): Suppl: 294. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4604753&dopt=Abstract

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Memory function in disease-free survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia given CNS prophylaxis with or without 1,800 cGy cranial irradiation. Author(s): Mulhern RK, Wasserman AL, Fairclough D, Ochs J. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1988 February; 6(2): 315-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3422262&dopt=Abstract

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Meningosis prophylaxis with intrathecal 198Au-colloid and methotrexate in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Metz O, Stoll W, Plenert W. Source: Cancer. 1982 January 15; 49(2): 224-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6274505&dopt=Abstract

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Mitogen activation of human lymphocytes from normal and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) subjects. Author(s): Russo SA, Tugal OL, Harris MB, Greengard O. Source: Enzyme. 1989; 41(4): 217-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2568257&dopt=Abstract

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Mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Walters RL, Keating MJ, Estey EH, O'Brien S, Schachner J, McCredie KB, Freireich EJ. Source: Cancer. 1990 January 1; 65(1): 5-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2293869&dopt=Abstract

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Mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone in adults with relapsed or primarily refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive blastic phase chronic myelocytic leukemia. Author(s): Paciucci PA, Keaveney C, Cuttner J, Holland JF.

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Source: Cancer Research. 1987 October 1; 47(19): 5234-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476201&dopt=Abstract •

Mixed-lineage leukemia revisited: acute lymphocytic leukemia with myeloperoxidase-positive blasts by electron microscopy. Author(s): Matutes E, Chan LC. Source: Blood. 1991 January 15; 77(2): 410-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1845933&dopt=Abstract

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Mixed-lineage leukemia revisited: acute lymphocytic leukemia with myeloperoxidase-positive blasts by electron microscopy. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Hirsch-Ginsberg C, Yee G, Huh Y, Freireich EJ, Stass S. Source: Blood. 1990 August 15; 76(4): 808-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2166608&dopt=Abstract

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Moderate dose methotrexate, vincristine, asparaginase, and dexamethasone for treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Esterhay RJ Jr, Wiernik PH, Grove WR, Markus SD, Wesley MN. Source: Blood. 1982 February; 59(2): 334-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7034815&dopt=Abstract

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Modified pharmacokinetics of I-asparaginase from E coli by formation of specific antibodies to I-Asparaginase of different immunoglobulin classes in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wahn V, Fabry U, Korholz D, Reinhardt D, Jurgens H, Gobel U. Source: Pediatr Pharmacol (New York). 1983; 3(3-4): 303-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6377216&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular biology of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Thandla S, Aplan PD. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1997 February; 24(1): 45-56. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9045304&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular detection and characterization of clonal cell populations in acute lymphocytic leukemia by analysis of conformational polymorphisms of cRNA molecules of rearranged T-cell-receptor-gamma and immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. Author(s): Koch OM, Volkenandt M, Goker E, Buer J, Probst M, Banerjee D, Danenberg PV, Bertino JR. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1994 June; 8(6): 946-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8207989&dopt=Abstract

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Molecular monitoring of pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nowell PC. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1987 May; 5(5): 692-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3494817&dopt=Abstract

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Monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes the receptor for transferrin on human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Goding JW, Burns GF. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1981 September; 127(3): 1256-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6790617&dopt=Abstract

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Multidisciplinary rounds. Case study: acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Stewart E, Rasco C, Cincotta NF, Pawletko TM, Stine KC. Source: Cancer Practice. 1993 July-August; 1(2): 94-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8324541&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple genetic events involving RB1 gene deletion and amplification of chromosome 21 in a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Liu Y, Soderhall S, Heyman M, Grander D, Brondum-Nielsen K, Einhorn S. Source: Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 1994 January; 9(1): 72-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7507704&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple neck papules in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Author(s): Whitmore SE, Greer KE. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1990 January; 126(1): 102, 104-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2404459&dopt=Abstract

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Multiple-drug chemotherapy in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia during pregnancy. Author(s): Krueger JA, Davis RB, Field C. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1976 September; 48(3): 324-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1065823&dopt=Abstract

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Myeloid markers in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Correlations with patient and disease characteristics and with prognosis. Author(s): Preti HA, Huh YO, O'Brien SM, Andreeff M, Pierce ST, Keating M, Kantarjian HM. Source: Cancer. 1995 November 1; 76(9): 1564-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8635059&dopt=Abstract

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Myelopoiesis in immunologically classified subgroups of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Crist WM, Ragab AH, Vogler L, Lui VK, Castleberry RP, Findley HW Jr, Merijanian G. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1980; 8(3): 289-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6970326&dopt=Abstract

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Myelosuppression associated with co-trimoxazole as a prophylactic antibiotic in the maintenance phase of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Woods WG, Daigle AE, Hutchinson RJ, Robison LL. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1984 October; 105(4): 639-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6332893&dopt=Abstract

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Neonatal exposure to protoporphyrin-activating lighting as a contributing cause of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ben-Sasson SA, Davis DL. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 1992 July; 3(4): 383-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1617127&dopt=Abstract

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Neuroendocrine function in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma: a study of pulsatile growth hormone and gonadotropin secretions. Author(s): Mauras N, Sabio H, Rogol AD. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1988 Spring; 10(1): 9-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3142288&dopt=Abstract

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Neurologic problems associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Prensky AL. Source: Tex Med. 1984 May; 80(5): 53-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6587606&dopt=Abstract

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Neuropsychologic follow-up study of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A preliminary report. Author(s): Obetz SW, Smithson WA, Groover RV, Houser OW, Klass DW, Ivnik RJ, Colligan RC, Gilchrist GS, Burgert EO Jr. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1979 Fall; 1(3): 207-13. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=317417&dopt=Abstract

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Neuropsychologic performance among children in remission from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ivnik RJ, Colligan RC, Obetz SW, Smithson WA.

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Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1981 June; 2(2): 2934. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6943148&dopt=Abstract •

Neutropenia, fever, and infection in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wolk JA, Stuart MJ, Stockman JA 3rd, Oski FA. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1977 February; 131(2): 157-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=264764&dopt=Abstract

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Nine years' experience with “total therapy” of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pinkel D, Simone J, Hustu HO, Aur RJ. Source: Pediatrics. 1972 August; 50(2): 246-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4505343&dopt=Abstract

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Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with immunologic phenotype similar to non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Castella A, Neuberg RW, Kurec AS, Jones DB, Davey FR. Source: Human Pathology. 1982 August; 13(8): 777-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7049896&dopt=Abstract

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Non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cells enhance the mitogen induced proliferation of normal lymphocytes. Author(s): Richie ER, Gillespie DJ. Source: Leukemia Research. 1980; 4(6): 629-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6970863&dopt=Abstract

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Normal glucocorticoid receptor numbers in a child with glucocorticoid-resistant relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wells RJ, Mascaro K, Young PC, Provisor AJ, Cleary RE, Baehner RL. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1981 Spring; 3(1): 3-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6940460&dopt=Abstract

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Normal human sera with cytotoxic reactivity to acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Bias WB, Santos GW, Burke PJ, Mullins GM, Humphrey RL. Source: Transplantation Proceedings. 1973 March; 5(1): 949-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4121184&dopt=Abstract

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Normal platelet function after therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pui CH, Jackson CW, Chesney C. Source: Archives of Internal Medicine. 1983 January; 143(1): 73-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6571781&dopt=Abstract

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Notes on treating a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia resembling necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: a case history. Author(s): Aker F, Magera J, Vernino A. Source: Quintessence Int. 1978 March; 9(3): 51-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=287120&dopt=Abstract

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N-ras gene point mutations in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia correlate with a poor prognosis. Author(s): Lubbert M, Mirro J Jr, Miller CW, Kahan J, Isaac G, Kitchingman G, Mertelsmann R, Herrmann F, McCormick F, Koeffler HP. Source: Blood. 1990 March 1; 75(5): 1163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2407301&dopt=Abstract

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Numb chin syndrome as an initial symptom of acute lymphocytic leukemia: report of three cases. Author(s): Hiraki A, Nakamura S, Abe K, Takenoshita Y, Horinouchi Y, Shinohara M, Shirasuna K. Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 1997 May; 83(5): 555-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9159815&dopt=Abstract

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Occlusive microvascular retinopathy with optic disc and retinal neovascularization in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wiznia RA, Rose A, Levy AL. Source: Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 1994; 14(3): 253-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7973121&dopt=Abstract

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Occult abdominal involvement with apparently isolated testicular relapse in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Baum E, Heyn R, Nesbit M, Tilford D, Nachman J. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1984 Fall; 6(3): 343-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6595950&dopt=Abstract

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On the prognostic value of systemic methotrexate clearance in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Seidel H, Nygaard R, Moe PJ, Jacobsen G, Lindqvist B, Slordal L. Source: Leukemia Research. 1997 May; 21(5): 429-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9225071&dopt=Abstract

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Oncologists' reply: survival expectancy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Holland JF, Glidewell O.

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Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1972 October 12; 287(15): 769-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4506615&dopt=Abstract •

Optic atrophy following prophylactic chemotherapy and cranial radiation for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Fishman ML, Bean SC, Cogan DG. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1976 October; 82(4): 571-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1067756&dopt=Abstract

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Optic disc neovascularization associated with ocular involvement in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): De Juan E, Green WR, Rice TA, Erozan YS. Source: Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 1982; 2(2): 61-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6184767&dopt=Abstract

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Optimal use of L-asparaginase (NSC-109229) in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Jones B, Holland JF, Glidewell O, Jacquillat C, Weil M, Pochedly C, Sinks L, Chevalier L, Maurer HM, Koch K, Falkson G, Patterson R, Seligman B, Sartorius J, Kung F, Haurani F, Stuart M, Burgert EO, Ruymann F, Sawitsky A, Forman E, Pluess H, Truman J, Hakami N. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1977; 3(4): 387-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=337095&dopt=Abstract

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Oral complications in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia: a report of case. Author(s): Beiraghi S, Sanders B. Source: Spec Care Dentist. 1988 January-February; 8(1): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3272038&dopt=Abstract

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Oral hairy leukoplakia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nicolatou O, Nikolatos G, Fisfis M, Belegrati M, Papadaki T, Oikonomaki E, Kalmantis T. Source: Oral Diseases. 1999 January; 5(1): 76-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10218045&dopt=Abstract

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Osteogenic sarcoma developing after successful therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gohokar D, Borges A, Shetty P. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1986 Fall; 8(3): 259-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3464220&dopt=Abstract

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Outlook for acute lymphocytic leukemia in children in 1982. Author(s): Simone JV.

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Source: Annual Review of Medicine. 1981; 32: 207-12. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7013662&dopt=Abstract •

Overexpression of c-fos in a human pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia derived cell line, SMS-SB. Author(s): Tsai LH, Nanu L, Smith RG, Ozanne B. Source: Oncogene. 1991 January; 6(1): 81-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1704120&dopt=Abstract

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p15ink4B and p16ink4 gene inactivation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rasool O, Heyman M, Brandter LB, Liu Y, Grander D, Soderhall S, Einhorn S. Source: Blood. 1995 June 15; 85(12): 3431-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7780130&dopt=Abstract

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Parental occupational exposure to hydrocarbons and risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia in offspring. Author(s): Shu XO, Stewart P, Wen WQ, Han D, Potter JD, Buckley JD, Heineman E, Robison LL. Source: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 1999 September; 8(9): 783-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10498397&dopt=Abstract

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Parotid gland carcinoma following treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bacha DM, Shah NR. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1983 Winter; 5(4): 411-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6584046&dopt=Abstract

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Pathologic diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Lai R, Hirsch-Ginsberg CF, Bueso-Ramos C. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 120935. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147220&dopt=Abstract

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Pediatric oncology group utilization of immunologic markers in the designation of acute lymphocytic leukemia subgroups: influence on treatment response. Author(s): Pullen DJ, Boyett JM, Crist WM, Falletta JM, Roper M, Dowell B, Van Eys J, Jackson JF, Humphrey GB, Metzgar RS, et al. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1984; 428: 26-48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6234834&dopt=Abstract

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Persistent erythema infectiosum-like rash as a prodrome of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Lee SM, Kim DG, Bang D. Source: Pediatric Dermatology. 1994 June; 11(2): 156-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8041657&dopt=Abstract

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Ph1-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia with chromosome 7 abnormalities. Author(s): Mandel EM, Shabtai F, Gafter U, Klein B, Halbrecht I, Djaldetti M. Source: Blood. 1977 February; 49(2): 281-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=264384&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacodynamic and DNA methylation studies of high-dose 1-beta-Darabinofuranosyl cytosine before and after in vivo 5-azacytidine treatment in pediatric patients with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Avramis VI, Mecum RA, Nyce J, Steele DA, Holcenberg JS. Source: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1989; 24(4): 203-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2473850&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of methotrexate in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garre ML, Relling MV, Kalwinsky D, Dodge R, Crom WR, Abromowitch M, Pui CH, Evans WE. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1987 October; 111(4): 606-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2958611&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics of mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Adamson PC, Balis FM, Steinberg SM, Poplack DG, Holcenberg JS. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990 November 29; 323(22): 1565-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2233941&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate following intravenous and intraventricular administration in acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Ettinger LJ, Chervinsky DS, Freeman AI, Creaven PJ. Source: Cancer. 1982 November 1; 50(9): 1676-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6956429&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Najjar TA, al Fawaz IM. Source: Chemotherapy. 1993 July-August; 39(4): 242-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8325125&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics of oral methotrexate in bone marrow during maintenance treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sonneveld P, Nooter K, Schultz F, Hahlen K. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 293-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476360&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacokinetics of vincristine in children and adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Crom WR, de Graaf SS, Synold T, Uges DR, Bloemhof H, Rivera G, Christensen ML, Mahmoud H, Evans WE. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1994 October; 125(4): 642-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7931891&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II evaluation of teniposide and ifosfamide in refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Ryan DH, Kopecky KJ, Head D, Gumbart CN, Grever MR, Karanes C, Weick JK, Coltman CA Jr. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1987 July-August; 71(7-8): 713-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3475171&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II trial of asaley in children with late-stage acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sexauer CL, Morgan S, van Eys J, Komp DM. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 October; 61(7): 1373-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=338146&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Graham ML, Estrada J, Ragab AH, Starling KA, Rosen D, Wilkenson RW, Wilkerson RW. Source: Investigational New Drugs. 1991 August; 9(3): 263-7. Erratum In: Invest New Drugs 1991 November; 9(4): 383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1783526&dopt=Abstract

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Phase II trial of zinostatin in children with late-stage acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Sexauer C, Kim T, Nix W, Berry DH, Morgan S. Source: Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 January-February; 65(1-2): 173-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6452947&dopt=Abstract

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Phase III trial of brief intensive treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia comparing daunorubicin and mitoxantrone: a CALGB Study. Author(s): Cuttner J, Mick R, Budman DR, Mayer RJ, Lee EJ, Henderson ES, Weiss RB, Paciucci PA, Sobol R, Davey F, et al.

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Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1991 May; 5(5): 425-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2033963&dopt=Abstract •

Philadelphia chromosome in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Propp S, Lizzi FA. Source: Blood. 1970 September; 36(3): 353-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5271290&dopt=Abstract

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Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphocytic leukemia arising from aplastic anemia. Author(s): Takeuchi M, Soda R, Takahashi K, Kimura F, Lai M, Ueda Y. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2000 March; 63(3): 161-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10679810&dopt=Abstract

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Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Radich JP. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 21-36. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11258387&dopt=Abstract

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Philadelphia-chromosome-positive adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: characteristics, treatment results, and prognosis in 41 patients. Author(s): Preti HA, O'Brien S, Giralt S, Beran M, Pierce S, Kantarjian HM. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1994 July; 97(1): 60-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8030658&dopt=Abstract

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Ph-negative acute lymphocytic leukemia occurring after interferon therapy for Phpositive chronic myelocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zhang X, Ji L, Liu S, Wang J. Source: Leukemia Research. 2003 April; 27(4): 367-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12531230&dopt=Abstract

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Ph-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia in a man with Klinefelter syndrome. Author(s): Yano T, Yuzurio S, Kimura K, Kshimoto T. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 2000 April 1; 118(1): 83-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10766521&dopt=Abstract

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Pneumococcal vaccination in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Feldman S, Malone W, Wilbur R, Schiffman G.

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Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1985; 13(2): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3856733&dopt=Abstract •

Polycythemia vera in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hann HW, Festa RS, Rosenstock JG, Cifuentes E. Source: Cancer. 1979 May; 43(5): 1862-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=286632&dopt=Abstract

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Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase genes and risk of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Skibola CF, Smith MT, Hubbard A, Shane B, Roberts AC, Law GR, Rollinson S, Roman E, Cartwright RA, Morgan GJ. Source: Blood. 2002 May 15; 99(10): 3786-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11986237&dopt=Abstract

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Poor prognosis in Negro children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Walters TR, Bushore M, Simone J. Source: Cancer. 1972 January; 29(1): 210-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4500288&dopt=Abstract

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Poor prognosis of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and increased B cell markers. Author(s): Koenig HM, Incaudo GA, Griswold WR. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1977 April; 90(4): 672-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=300104&dopt=Abstract

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Poor prognosis of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and increased B cell markers. Author(s): Wolff LJ, Richardson ST, Neiberger JB, Neiburger RG, Irwin DS, Bachner RL. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1976 December; 89(6): 956-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1086896&dopt=Abstract

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Position effect in translocation (2;8) in acute lymphocytic leukemia with kappa light chain immunoglobulin expression. Author(s): Hecht F, Hecht BK, Berger C, Morgan R, Jarzabek V, Vyvial T, Isaacs J, Epstein A. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1983 November; 10(3): 255-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6414684&dopt=Abstract

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Possible prognostic indicator for high risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia patients. Author(s): Bondurant M, Aur J, Dahl GV, Tereba A.

94 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Lancet. 1983 January 29; 1(8318): 234-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6130260&dopt=Abstract •

Post-induction treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nesbit ME Jr, D'Angio GJ, Sather HN, Robison LL, Ortega JA, Hammond D. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1984 January 26; 310(4): 262-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6581386&dopt=Abstract

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Postirradiation treatment outcomes for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: clarification of risks. Author(s): Taylor HG, Albo VC, Phebus CK, Sachs BR, Bierl PG. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1987 September; 12(3): 395-411. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3479548&dopt=Abstract

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Potential role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with secondary acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Melemed AS, Vance G, Kotylo PK, Smith FO. Source: Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002 January; 29(2): 173-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11850713&dopt=Abstract

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Predominance of hospital deliveries among children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: speculations about neonatal exposure to fluorescent light. Author(s): van Steensel-Moll HA, van Duijn CM, Valkenburg HA, van Zanen GE. Source: Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc. 1992 July; 3(4): 389-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1617128&dopt=Abstract

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Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Author(s): Zalazar FE, Chiabrando GA, de Aldao NA, Ojeda F, Vides MA, Aldao MA. Source: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry. 1992 September 15; 210(1-2): 133-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1424154&dopt=Abstract

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Preliminary clinical trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation after in vitro monoclonal antibody and complement treatments in null cell-type acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Morishima Y, Sao H, Ueda R, Morishita Y, Murase T, Kodera Y, Ohno R, Tahara T, Yoshikawa S, Kato Y, et al. Source: Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann. 1985 December; 76(12): 1222-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3937834&dopt=Abstract

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Premature chromosome condensation in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1) and malignant histiocytosis. Author(s): Petkovic I, Nakic M, Tiefenbach A, Konja J, Kastelan M, Rajic L, Feminic-Kes R. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1988 October 1; 35(1): 37-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3180006&dopt=Abstract

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Preservation of the rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) following the negative conversion of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in relapse of Ph1-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Mochizuki T, Izumi Y, Kato Y, Okazaki T, Tashima M, Nagauchi O, Sawada H, Uchino H. Source: Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. 1987 September; 50(6): 1183-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3479883&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of myeloperoxidase gene expression in infant acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Austin GE, Alvarado CS, Austin ED, Hakami N, Zhao WG, Chauvenet A, Borowitz MJ, Carroll AJ. Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1998 November; 110(5): 575-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9802341&dopt=Abstract

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Preventive cranial irradiation in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Reinartz G, Kogelnik HD, Krepler P, Schmidmeier W, Pichler E. Source: Radiol Clin (Basel). 1978; 47(5): 380-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=100826&dopt=Abstract

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Probable cure of acute lymphocytic leukemia following relapses. Author(s): Dyment PG, Doering EJ, Asimont LA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1979 February 23; 241(8): 829. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=283240&dopt=Abstract

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Proceedings: Daunorubicin cardiac toxicity in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Halazun JF, Wagner HR, Gaeta JF, Sinks LF. Source: Cancer. 1974 February; 33(2): 545-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4521474&dopt=Abstract

96 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia with extensive osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia. Author(s): Miyamura T, Taguchi F, Ishikura H, Yufu Y, Nishi Y, Yamashita S, Nishimura J, Nawata H. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1995 October; 50(2): 150-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7573001&dopt=Abstract

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Progeny of survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Moe PJ, Lethinen M, Wegelius R, Friman S, Kreuger A, Berg A. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979 May; 68(3): 301-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=286498&dopt=Abstract

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Prognosis in 262 Turkish children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hicsonmez G, Ozsoylu S, Yetgin S, Zamani V, Gurgey A, Atahan I. Source: Turk J Pediatr. 1982 July-September; 24(3): 159-67. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6959406&dopt=Abstract

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Prognosis of black children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pendergrass TW, Hoover R, Godwin JD II. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1975; 1(2): 143-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1228413&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic factor analysis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Pluss HJ. Source: Helv Paediatr Acta. 1987 October; 42(2-3): 197-247. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3480281&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic implication of hyperdiploidy as based on DNA flow cytometric measurement in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia--a multicenter study. Author(s): Smets LA, Homan-Blok J, Hart A, de Vaan G, Behrendt H, Hahlen K, de Waal FJ. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1987 March; 1(3): 163-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3478536&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic importance of p15INK4B and p16INK4 gene inactivation in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Heyman M, Rasool O, Borgonovo Brandter L, Liu Y, Grander D, Soderhall S, Gustavsson G, Einhorn S. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1996 May; 14(5): 1512-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8622065&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic meaning of chromosome aberrations in acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients of the BFM Study Group. Author(s): Harbott J, Budde M, Creutzig U, Engel R, Fengler R, Rudolph B, Lampert F. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1987; 30: 497-503. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3476381&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic significance of CD34 expression in childhood B-precursor acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. Author(s): Borowitz MJ, Shuster JJ, Civin CI, Carroll AJ, Look AT, Behm FG, Land VJ, Pullen DJ, Crist WM. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1990 August; 8(8): 1389-98. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1696310&dopt=Abstract

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Prognostic significance of elevated serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Smith T, Estey E, Polyzos A, O'Brien S, Pierce S, Beran M, Feldman E, Keating MJ. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1992 December; 93(6): 599-604. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1466355&dopt=Abstract

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ganguly S, Ganguly SB, Biswas K. Source: Indian Pediatrics. 1995 June; 32(6): 684-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8613340&dopt=Abstract

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Prolonged second remissions in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. Author(s): Baum E, Nachman J, Ramsay N, Weetman B, Neerhout R, Littman P, Griffin T, Norris D, Sather H. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1983; 11(1): 1-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6572777&dopt=Abstract

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Properdin factor B and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Budowle B, Acton RT, Barger BO, Blackstock R, Crist W, Go RC, Humphrey GB, Ragab A, Roper M, Vietti T, Dearth J. Source: Cancer. 1982 December 1; 50(11): 2369-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6958349&dopt=Abstract

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Prospective study of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: hematologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic correlations. Author(s): Michael PM, Garson OM, Ekert H, Tauro G, Rennie GC, Pilkington GR.

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Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1988; 16(3): 153-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3164089&dopt=Abstract •

Pseudomonas aeruginosa blepharoconjunctivitis during cytoreductive chemotherapy in a woman with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Giagounidis AA, Meckenstock G, Flacke S, Burk M, Wehmeier A, Aul C, Schneider W. Source: Annals of Hematology. 1997 September; 75(3): 121-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9368482&dopt=Abstract

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Purine excretion during tumor lysis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving allopurinol: relationship to acute renal failure. Author(s): Andreoli SP, Clark JH, McGuire WA, Bergstein JM. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1986 August; 109(2): 292-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3461147&dopt=Abstract

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Pyomyositis during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Corden TE, Morgan ER. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 1996 August; 18(3): 323-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8689354&dopt=Abstract

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Pyomyositis in acute lymphocytic leukemia heralded by cutaneous vasculitis: brief communication. Author(s): Blatt J, Reaman G, Pizzo PA. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1979; 7(3): 237-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=295415&dopt=Abstract

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Quality control of radiotherapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia protocol treatment: experience with 610 cases. Author(s): Hunig R, Landmann C, Roth J, Reinstein LE, Glicksman AS. Source: Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1983 November; 19(11): 1585-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6357807&dopt=Abstract

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Racial differences in acute lymphocytic leukemia mortality and incidence trends. Author(s): Pratt JA, Velez R, Brender JD, Manton KG. Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1988; 41(4): 367-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3162512&dopt=Abstract

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Radiation dosimetry for large, irregularly-shaped fields in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Simpson LD, Holt JG, Edelstein GR, D'Angio G.

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Source: Radiology. 1973 October; 109(1): 205-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4205837&dopt=Abstract •

Raised blast glutathione levels are associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kearns PR, Pieters R, Rottier MM, Pearson AD, Hall AG. Source: Blood. 2001 January 15; 97(2): 393-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11154214&dopt=Abstract

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Rare adult acute lymphocytic leukemia with CD56 expression in the ECOG experience shows unexpected phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Author(s): Paietta E, Neuberg D, Richards S, Bennett JM, Han L, Racevskis J, Dewald G, Rowe JM, Wiernik PH; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 2001 March; 66(3): 189-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11279625&dopt=Abstract

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Rationale and results of combination chemotherapy and central nervous system irradiation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Simone J, Pinkel D. Source: Bibl Haematol. 1973; 39: 1068-73. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4521512&dopt=Abstract

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Raynaud's phenomenon preceding acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Powell KR. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1973 March; 82(3): 539-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4512401&dopt=Abstract

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Reactivation of Chagas' disease during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kohl S, Pickering LK, Frankel LS, Yaeger RG. Source: Cancer. 1982 September 1; 50(5): 827-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6807527&dopt=Abstract

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Recent approaches to the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Holcenberg JS, Camitta BM. Source: Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 1981; 21: 231-49. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7016005&dopt=Abstract

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Recent clinical trials in acute lymphocytic leukemia by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Author(s): Larson RA.

100 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 136779, X. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147228&dopt=Abstract •

Recent trends in incidence and mortality rates for leukemias, and in survival rates for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, in Upstate New York. Author(s): Polednak AP. Source: Cancer. 1986 May 1; 57(9): 1850-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3456821&dopt=Abstract

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Reciprocal 8;14 translocation in EBV-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia with Burkitt-type cells. Author(s): Mitelman F, Andersson-Anvret M, Brandt L, Catovsky D, Klein G, Manolov G, Manolova Y, Mark-Vendel E, Nilsson PG. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1979 July 15; 24(1): 27-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=90020&dopt=Abstract

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Recombinant human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen. Author(s): Nishimura Y, Yokoyama M, Araki K, Ueda R, Kudo A, Watanabe T. Source: Cancer Research. 1987 February 15; 47(4): 999-1005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2948638&dopt=Abstract

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Recurrent venous thrombosis as the presenting manifestation of acute lymphocytic leukemia: leukemic cell procoagulant activity is not responsible for the hypercoagulable state. Author(s): Bilgrami S, Greenberg BR, Weinstein RE, Hair GA, Rickles FR. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1995 January; 24(1): 40-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7968791&dopt=Abstract

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Refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia: response to aclacinomycin A and VP-16-213. Author(s): Rowe JM, Chang AY, Bennett JM. Source: Hematological Oncology. 1989 November-December; 7(6): 405-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2807178&dopt=Abstract

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Relapse rates following cessation of chemotherapy during complete remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Baum E, Sather H, Nachman J, Seinfeld J, Krivit W, Leikin S, Miller D, Joo P, Hammond D. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1979; 7(1): 25-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=118329&dopt=Abstract

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Relationship of a leukemia-associated antigen to the presence of lymphoblasts in the peripheral blood in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Morgan E, Hsu CC. Source: Blood. 1981 May; 57(5): 879-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6938260&dopt=Abstract

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Relative hyperglucagonemia in L-asparaginase-and prednisone-induced glucose intolerance in management of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Turner GR, Marks JF, Buchanan GR. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1983 May; 22(5): 363-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6340906&dopt=Abstract

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Relevance of surface markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia to acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aisenberg AC, Wilkes BM. Source: Cancer Research. 1981 November; 41(11 Pt 2): 4810-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6975164&dopt=Abstract

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Remission induction in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Use of vincristine and prednisone alone. Author(s): Scavino HF, George JN, Sears DA. Source: Cancer. 1976 August; 38(2): 672-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1067890&dopt=Abstract

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Remission induction with daunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Einhorn LH, Bond WH. Source: Oncology. 1977; 34(1): 25-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=266674&dopt=Abstract

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Remission maintenance in acute lymphocytic leukemia with hydroxyurea. Author(s): Storrs RC, Wolman IJ, Gussoff BD, Hananian J. Source: Cancer Research. 1966 February; 26(2): 241-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5216605&dopt=Abstract

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Renal biopsy diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bunchman TE, Gale GB, O'Connor DM, Salinas-Madrigal L, Chu JY. Source: Clinical Nephrology. 1992 September; 38(3): 142-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1395166&dopt=Abstract

102 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Repeated high-dose cyclophosphamide, BCNU and VP-16-213 and autologous bone marrow transplantation in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia in first remission. Author(s): Vellekoop L, Dicke KA, Zander AR, Spitzer G, Verma DS, Keating MM, McCredie KB. Source: Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1984 May; 20(5): 593-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6376130&dopt=Abstract

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Response of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cells to phorbol ester. Author(s): Okamura J, Gelfand EW, Letarte M. Source: Cancer Research. 1984 March; 44(3): 1246-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6581867&dopt=Abstract

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Response to combination therapy after relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ, Verzosa MS, Hustu HO, Simone JV. Source: Cancer. 1972 August; 30(2): 334-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4538148&dopt=Abstract

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Restricted genetic heterogeneity in families of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): MacSween JM, Fernandez LA, Eastwood SL, Pyesmany AF. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1980 July; 16(1): 70-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6936867&dopt=Abstract

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Results of the vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone regimen in adults with standard- and high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, Walters RS, Keating MJ, Smith TL, O'Brien S, Estey EH, Huh YO, Spinolo J, Dicke K, Barlogie B, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1990 June; 8(6): 994-1004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2189958&dopt=Abstract

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Results of therapy in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Einhorn LH, Meyer S, Bond WH, Rohn RJ. Source: Oncology. 1975; 32(5-6): 214-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1064827&dopt=Abstract

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Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Smith TL, Cortes J, Giles FJ, Beran M, Pierce S, Huh Y, Andreeff M, Koller C, Ha CS, Keating MJ, Murphy S, Freireich EJ.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2000 February; 18(3): 547-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10653870&dopt=Abstract •

Retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, partial retinal atrophy and macular hole in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Inkeles DM, Friedman AH. Source: Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1975; 194(4 Suppl): 253-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1079418&dopt=Abstract

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Rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by electron microscopy in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Crist WM, Edwards RH, Pereira F. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1978 November; 93(5): 893-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=280675&dopt=Abstract

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Risk factors for candidemia in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Richet HM, Andremont A, Tancrede C, Pico JL, Jarvis WR. Source: Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1991 March-April; 13(2): 211-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2041951&dopt=Abstract

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Risk factors in long-term sequelae of central nervous system prophylaxis in successfully treated children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Carli M, Perilongo G, Laverda AM, Drigo P, Casara GL, Marin G, Sotti G, Deambrosis G, Zanesco L. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1985; 13(6): 334-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3862935&dopt=Abstract

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Rituximab with interleukin-2 after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukemia in second remission. Author(s): Ozsahin H, Fluss J, McLin V, Wacker P, Miralbell R, Helg C. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 2002 April; 38(4): 300-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11920807&dopt=Abstract

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Role of bone marrow transplant in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Dicke KA. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1992 November; 6 Suppl 4: 56-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1434834&dopt=Abstract

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Salvage therapy for refractory or relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Thomas DA.

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Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 163-205. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253606&dopt=Abstract •

Salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia by alternative administration a lymphoid- and myeloid-directed chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of dual modulation of ara-C, hydroxyurea, and etoposide. Author(s): Higashigawa M, Hori H, Hirayama M, Kawasaki H, Ido M, Azuma E, Sakurai M. Source: Leukemia Research. 1997 September; 21(9): 811-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9393595&dopt=Abstract

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Seasonal childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in the midwest. Author(s): Harris RE, Patil KD, Al-Rashid RA. Source: Iowa Med. 1986 September; 76(9): 419-22. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3490454&dopt=Abstract

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Seasonal variation in the incidence of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Nebraska. Author(s): Harris RE, Al-Rashid RA. Source: Nebr Med J. 1984 June; 69(6): 192-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6588304&dopt=Abstract

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Second malignancy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Review of 33 cases. Author(s): Mosijczuk AD, Ruymann FB. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1981 April; 135(4): 313-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6938127&dopt=Abstract

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Second or subsequent remission with a disease-free survival of 5 years or longer in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: results of a national survey. Author(s): Musgrave S, Dickerman JD, Land VJ. Source: Pediatrics. 1986 May; 77(5): 765-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3458157&dopt=Abstract

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Seminoma in an adult with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Musmanno MC, White JM. Source: The Journal of Urology. 1986 November; 136(5): 1083-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3534303&dopt=Abstract

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Sequential quantitative EEG analysis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children. Author(s): Epstein CM, Humphries LL, Alvarado CS, Kutner MH, Ragab AH.

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Source: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1985 October; 16(4): 208-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3865749&dopt=Abstract •

Sequential testicular biopsies in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kim TH, Hargreaves HK, Chan WC, Brynes RK, Alvarado C, Woodard J, Ragab AH. Source: Cancer. 1986 March 1; 57(5): 1038-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3455840&dopt=Abstract

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Serial in vitro bone marrow culture in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Duttera MJ, Bull JM, Northup JD, Henderson ES, Stashick ED, Carbone PP. Source: Blood. 1973 November; 42(5): 687-99. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4518062&dopt=Abstract

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Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia by mouse monoclonal antibodies. Author(s): Ueda R, Tanimoto M, Takahashi T, Ogata S, Nishida K, Namikawa R, Nishizuka Y, Ota K. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1982 July; 79(14): 4386-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6956869&dopt=Abstract

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Serological study for in vitro use of monoclonal antibody for autologous bone marrow transplantation in null cell-type acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Sao H, Morishima Y, Ueda R, Yoshikawa S, Kodera Y, Ohno R, Takahashi T. Source: Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann. 1985 December; 76(12): 1212-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3937833&dopt=Abstract

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Serum beta 2-microglobulin in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Anand A. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1994 April; 96(4): 396. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8166167&dopt=Abstract

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Serum lactate dehydrogenase is an important risk determinant in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Fanin R, Zuffa E, Fasola G, Damiani D, Gallizia C, Michieli MG, Marcuzzi P, Russo D, Visani G, Resegotti L, et al. Source: Haematologica. 1989 March-April; 74(2): 161-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2501169&dopt=Abstract

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Serum vitamin A status in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Alade SL, Brown RE, Bowman WP.

106 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1988 March-April; 18(2): 155-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3164174&dopt=Abstract •

Significance of commonly used prognostic factors differs for children with T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), as compared to those with B-precursor ALL. A Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) study. Author(s): Pullen J, Shuster JJ, Link M, Borowitz M, Amylon M, Carroll AJ, Land V, Look AT, McIntyre B, Camitta B. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 November; 13(11): 1696-707. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10557041&dopt=Abstract

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Simultaneous development of a pineal tumor and an intradural spinal mass during remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kudoh T, Otoi H, Suzuki N, Oda T, Katoh S, Akiba H, Hareyama M, Chiba S. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2000 February; 30(2): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10768875&dopt=Abstract

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Skeletal scintigraphy and radiography at onset of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Clausen N, Gotze H, Pedersen A, Riis-Petersen J, Tjalve E. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1983; 11(4): 291-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6577265&dopt=Abstract

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Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia or with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Author(s): Chang CS, Liu HW, Lin SF, Chen TP. Source: Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1989 May; 22(2): 1327. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2605973&dopt=Abstract

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Some recent concepts on acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Manfredi JA. Source: J Med Assoc Ga. 1975 April; 64(4): 111-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1056975&dopt=Abstract

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Sonography of ovarian involvement in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Bickers GH, Siebert JJ, Anderson JC, Golladay S, Berry DL. Source: Ajr. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1981 August; 137(2): 399-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6789652&dopt=Abstract

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Southwest Oncology Group experience with immunological phenotyping in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Pullen DJ, Falletta JM, Crist WM, Vogler LB, Dowell B, Humphrey GB, Blackstock R, Eys JV, Cooper MD, Metzgar RS, Meydrech EF. Source: Cancer Research. 1981 November; 41(11 Pt 2): 4802-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6975163&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous improvement of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ettinger LJ, Torrisi J, Wood BP, Anderson VM. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1982; 10(5): 477-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6983026&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneous remission of cryptosporidiosis in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Stine KC, Harris JS, Lindsey NJ, Cho CT. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1985 December; 24(12): 722-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3864576&dopt=Abstract

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Sporadic acute lymphocytic leukemia arising in a patient with neurofibromatosis and xanthogranulomatosis. Author(s): Deb G, Habetswallner D, Helson L, De Sio L, Caniglia M, Donfrancesco A. Source: Cancer Investigation. 1996; 14(2): 109-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8597895&dopt=Abstract

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Streptozotocin (NSC-85998) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Author(s): Dyment PG, Iyer RV, Morgan SK, Sexauer CL. Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1979 July; 19(7): 390-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=158035&dopt=Abstract

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Studies of banded chromosomes in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, including one patient with the Burkitt-type (L3). Author(s): Shabtai F, Halbrecht I. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1981 January; 3(1): 11-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6944148&dopt=Abstract

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Studies of minimal residual disease in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Stock W, Estrov Z. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 1289305, Viii-Ix. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147224&dopt=Abstract

108 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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Studies of mixed lymphocyte reactions, surface B cell antigens, and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in “null cell” acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Davey FR, Dock NL, Wolos JA, Terzian JA, Gottlieb AJ. Source: Cancer. 1979 November; 44(5): 1622-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=159120&dopt=Abstract

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Studies of T, B, and null lymphocytes during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hann HW, London WT, Evans AE. Source: Cancer. 1977 April; 39(4): 1489-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=300648&dopt=Abstract

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Studies on the immune status of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Pluss HJ, Hitzig WH, Joller P, Jakob M. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1977; 20: 227-33. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=273003&dopt=Abstract

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Successful remission induction in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia at high risk for treatment failure. Author(s): Aur RJ, Simone JV, Pratt CB. Source: Cancer. 1971 June; 27(6): 1332-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5282619&dopt=Abstract

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Successful use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Smith T, Grossberg H. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1990 September; 89(3): 384-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2203265&dopt=Abstract

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Surface glycoproteins of human non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines. Author(s): Gahmberg CG, Andersson LC, Nilsson K. Source: Leukemia Research. 1980; 4(3): 279-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6931961&dopt=Abstract

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Surface membrane determinants on childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia cells: immunoglobulin, Fc and C3 receptors. Author(s): Esber EC, Movassaghi N, Leikin SL. Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1978 June; 32(3): 523-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=278686&dopt=Abstract

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Survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rosner F, Grunwald HW.

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Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1973 June 4; 224(10): 1426-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4513058&dopt=Abstract •

Survival in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: effect of protocol and place of treatment. Author(s): Meadows AT, Kramer S, Hopson R, Lustbader E, Jarrett P, Evans AE. Source: Cancer Investigation. 1983; 1(1): 49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6582988&dopt=Abstract

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Systemic exposure to mercaptopurine as a prognostic factor in acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Koren G, Ferrazini G, Sulh H, Langevin AM, Kapelushnik J, Klein J, Giesbrecht E, Soldin S, Greenberg M. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990 July 5; 323(1): 17-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2355954&dopt=Abstract

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T- and B-lymphocytes and lymphoblasts in untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Borella L, Sen L. Source: Cancer. 1974 September; 34(3): 646-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4605204&dopt=Abstract

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T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia terminating as malignant histiocytosis. Author(s): Skoog DP, Feagler JR. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1978 April; 64(4): 678-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=306197&dopt=Abstract

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T cell surface markers on lymphoblasts from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Borella L, Sen L. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1973 October; 111(4): 1257-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4580669&dopt=Abstract

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t(1;19)(q23;p13) in pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line 697. Author(s): Barker PE, Carroll AJ, Cooper MD. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1987 April; 25(2): 379-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3493838&dopt=Abstract

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T6 monoclonal antibody reacts with blasts from cases of common antigen acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hutchinson RE, Kurec AS, Dubowy RL, Davey FR.

110 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1987 July; 88(1): 83-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2440297&dopt=Abstract •

T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in a patient with common acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kobayashi Y, Hirai H, Okabe T, Urabe A, Takaku F. Source: Japanese Journal of Cancer Research : Gann. 1985 September; 76(9): 796-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3932276&dopt=Abstract

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TEL-AML1, expressed from t(12;21) in human acute lymphocytic leukemia, induces acute leukemia in mice. Author(s): Bernardin F, Yang Y, Cleaves R, Zahurak M, Cheng L, Civin CI, Friedman AD. Source: Cancer Research. 2002 July 15; 62(14): 3904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12124316&dopt=Abstract

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Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase activity in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shaw MT, Dwyer JM, Allaudeen HS, Weitzman HA. Source: Blood. 1978 February; 51(2): 181-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=304365&dopt=Abstract

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Testicular biopsy and occult tumor in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shepard BR, Hensle TW, Marboe CC. Source: Urology. 1983 July; 22(1): 36-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6575493&dopt=Abstract

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Testicular infiltrate in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. The need for biopsy in suspected relapse. Author(s): Braren V, Lukens JN, Stroup SL, Bolin MG, Rhamy RK. Source: Urology. 1980 October; 16(4): 370-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6932135&dopt=Abstract

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Testicular relapse in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and literature review. Author(s): Vukelja SJ, Swanson SJ, Knight RD, Weiss RB. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1989; 17(2): 170-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2649778&dopt=Abstract

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Testicular relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia during bone marrow remission. Author(s): Kuo TT, Tschang TP, Chu JY.

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Source: Cancer. 1976 December; 38(6): 2604-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1000486&dopt=Abstract •

Tetany and renal failure prior to chemotherapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Che J, O'Connor DM, Roodman ST, Ahrens RC. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1977 August; 131(8): 925. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=268142&dopt=Abstract

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Tetrasomy 8 detected by interphase cytogenetics in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shao J, Zhang L, Semenza JC, Beach B, Smith MT. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1996 December; 92(2): 135-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8976370&dopt=Abstract

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The (4;11)(q21;p15) translocation fuses the NUP98 and RAP1GDS1 genes and is recurrent in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Hussey DJ, Nicola M, Moore S, Peters GB, Dobrovic A. Source: Blood. 1999 September 15; 94(6): 2072-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10477737&dopt=Abstract

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The breakpoint in 22q11 in a case of Ph-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia interrupts the immunoglobulin light chain gene cluster. Author(s): Cannizzaro LA, Nowell PC, Belasco JB, Croce CM, Emanuel BS. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1985 October; 18(2): 173-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3931902&dopt=Abstract

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The child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Brown NC. Source: Mcn. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing. 1978 September-October; 3(5): 290-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=99615&dopt=Abstract

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The chromosome translocation (11;14)(p13;q11) associated with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia: an 11p13 breakpoint cluster region. Author(s): Yoffe G, Schneider N, Van Dyk L, Yang CY, Siciliano M, Buchanan G, Capra JD, Baer R. Source: Blood. 1989 July; 74(1): 374-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2526665&dopt=Abstract

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The culture of colony forming units from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Ragab AH, Gilkerson E, Myers M, Choi SC.

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Source: Cancer. 1974 September; 34(3): 663-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4528021&dopt=Abstract •

The development of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Madoff L, Davey FR, Gordon GB, Dock NL, Goldberg J. Source: Cancer. 1981 September 1; 48(5): 1157-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6456061&dopt=Abstract

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The development of cerebral CT changes during treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Pedersen H, Clausen N. Source: Neuroradiology. 1981; 22(2): 79-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6946301&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of L-asparaginase on DNA and RNA synthesis by lymphoblasts of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Leinonen EA. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1973; 50(5): 269-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4202630&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of patient position on radiotherapy protocol deviations in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Reinstein LE, Landmann C, Roth J, Maddock P, Huenig R, Glicksman AS. Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology : the Official Publication of the American Radium Society. 1982 June; 5(3): 303-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6952758&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of postinduction intensification treatment with cytarabine and daunorubicin in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized clinical trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Author(s): Ellison RR, Mick R, Cuttner J, Schiffer CA, Silver RT, Henderson ES, Woliver T, Royston I, Davey FR, Glicksman AS, et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1991 November; 9(11): 2002-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1941059&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system on the intellectual functioning of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Moss HA, Nannis ED, Poplack DG. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1981 July; 71(1): 47-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6941699&dopt=Abstract

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The epipodophyllotoxin teniposide in therapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rivera GK. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1988 February; 6(2): 191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3276820&dopt=Abstract

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The experiences of Hong Kong Chinese parents of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wills BS. Source: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 1999 August; 14(4): 231-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10467801&dopt=Abstract

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The glutathione S-transferase mu polymorphism and susceptibility to acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Saadat I, Saadat M. Source: Cancer Letters. 2000 September 29; 158(1): 43-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10940507&dopt=Abstract

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The hyper-CVAD regimen in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 138196, X-Xi. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147229&dopt=Abstract

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The hypereosinophilic syndrome in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Troxell ML, Mills GM, Allen RC. Source: Cancer. 1984 September 15; 54(6): 1058-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6590112&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of acute lymphocytic leukemia on diabetic retinopathy. Author(s): Melberg NS, Grand MG, Rup D. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 1995 February; 17(1): 81-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7743244&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of cranial irradiation on the growth of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wells RJ, Foster MB, D'Ercole AJ, McMillan CW. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1983 January; 137(1): 37-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6336634&dopt=Abstract

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The impact of isolated central nervous system relapse following initial complete remission in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Wells RJ, Weetman RM, Baehner RL. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1980 September; 97(3): 429-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6931896&dopt=Abstract

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The importance of cytogenetic studies in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Walters R, Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Estey EH, Trujillo J, Cork A, McCredie KB, Freireich EJ. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1990 November; 89(5): 579-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2239977&dopt=Abstract

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The lack of correlation of gallium (67Ga) scans with known prognostic indicators in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zuraw MS, Ko B, Siddiqui A, Weetman RM, Baehner RL. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1978; 5(1): 39-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=284170&dopt=Abstract

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The Medical Research Council trials in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Durrant IJ, Richards SM, Prentice HG, Goldstone AH. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 132752. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147226&dopt=Abstract

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The ninth annual David Karnofsky Lecture. Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pinkel D. Source: Cancer. 1979 March; 43(3): 1128-37. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=371785&dopt=Abstract

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The present of situation in treatment and prognosis of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with an outlook for the future. Author(s): Simone JV. Source: Haematologica. 1982 June; 67(3): 329-34. English, Italian. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6814989&dopt=Abstract

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The prognostic value of bone marrow lymphocytes in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Author(s): Green AA. Source: Cancer. 1974 December; 34(6): 2009-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4530746&dopt=Abstract

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The role of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Author(s): Forman SJ. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1997 May; 11 Suppl 4: S18-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9179276&dopt=Abstract

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The role of bone marrow transplantation in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Dicke KA, Hoelzer DF, Gorin NC, Lowenberg B, Gale RP. Source: Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / Esmo. 1993; 4 Suppl 1: 81-90. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8338797&dopt=Abstract

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The role of radiotherapy in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Glicksman AS, Tefft M. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1978; 25: 85-98. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=366627&dopt=Abstract

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The seasonal risk of pediatric/juvenile acute lymphocytic leukemia in the United States. Author(s): Harris RE, Harrell FE Jr, Patil KD, Al-Rashid R. Source: J Chronic Dis. 1987; 40(10): 915-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3475280&dopt=Abstract

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The t(5;14) chromosomal translocation in a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia joins the interleukin-3 gene to the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Author(s): Grimaldi JC, Meeker TC. Source: Blood. 1989 June; 73(8): 2081-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2499362&dopt=Abstract

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The therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Holland JF. Source: Rev Bras Pesqui Med Biol. 1976 January-February; 9(1): 75-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1064888&dopt=Abstract

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The treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zubrod CG. Source: J Chronic Dis. 1970 March; 22(10): 633-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5271320&dopt=Abstract

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The treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Nyhan WL.

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Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1966 June; 68(6): 969-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5219724&dopt=Abstract •

The treatment of primary childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia with intermediate dose methotrexate. Author(s): Sinks LF, Wang JJ, Freeman AI. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1981; 26: 99-107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6947942&dopt=Abstract

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The use of enzyme marker analysis for subclassification of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood. Author(s): Gaedicke G, Drexler HG. Source: Leukemia Research. 1982; 6(4): 437-48. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6755072&dopt=Abstract

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Therapeutic considerations in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Holland JF. Source: American Journal of Pathology. 1978 February; 90(2): 521-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=272122&dopt=Abstract

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Therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood with intermediate dose methotrexate and CNS irradiation. A report of the ALL 77-02 study group. Author(s): Haas RJ, Janka G, Gaedicke G, Kohne E, Netzel B. Source: Blut. 1983 December; 47(6): 321-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6580929&dopt=Abstract

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Therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Gottlieb AJ. Source: Seminars in Oncology. 1984 December; 11(4 Suppl 3): 15-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6594761&dopt=Abstract

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Thiamine deficiency: probable Wernicke's encephalopathy successfully treated in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Shah N, Wolff JA. Source: Pediatrics. 1973 April; 51(4): 750-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4512248&dopt=Abstract

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Thrombotic complications during L-asparaginase treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Castaman G, Rodeghiero F, Dini E.

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Source: Haematologica. 1990 November-December; 75(6): 567-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2098299&dopt=Abstract •

Thymidine as a chemotherapeutic agent: pharmacologic, cytokinetic, and biochemical studies in a patient with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Howell SB, Chu B, Mendelsohn J, Carson DA, Kung FH, Seegmiller JE. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1980 August; 65(2): 277-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6967527&dopt=Abstract

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Thymidylate synthase activity in leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia and its inhibition by phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids pergularinine and tylophorinidine. Author(s): Narasimha Rao K, Bhattacharya RK, Venkatachalam SR. Source: Cancer Letters. 1998 June 19; 128(2): 183-8. Erratum In: Cancer Lett 1998 December 11; 134(1): 119. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9683281&dopt=Abstract

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Thyroid adenoma following treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rapaport R, Morishima A, Wolff JA, Ryan B, Walters TR. Source: Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1990 Summer; 12(2): 190-3. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2198824&dopt=Abstract

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Time trends in survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zippin C, Cutler SJ, Lum D. Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1975 March; 54(3): 581-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1054762&dopt=Abstract

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Time trends in survival of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in Piedmont, Italy: a report from the Population-Based Cancer Registry. Author(s): Magnani C, Paze E, Terracini B, Pastore G, Mosso ML. Source: Tumori. 1995 May-June; 81(3): 164-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7571021&dopt=Abstract

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Torsade de pointes associated with hypokalemia after anthracycline treatment in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kishi S, Yoshida A, Yamauchi T, Tsutani H, Lee JD, Nakamura T, Naiki H, Ueda T. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 2000 February; 71(2): 172-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10745628&dopt=Abstract

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Total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide with stem cell transplant as treatment for infants with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pirich L, Haut P, Morgan E, Marymount M, Kletzel M.

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Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1999 January; 32(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9917745&dopt=Abstract •

Total therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Aur RJ, Pinkel D. Source: Prog Clin Cancer. 1973; 5: 155-70. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4511857&dopt=Abstract

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Total therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pinkel D. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1972 November 27; 222(9): 1170. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4507724&dopt=Abstract

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Traditional Chinese medicines improve the course of refractory leukemic lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia: two case reports. Author(s): Hijikata Y, Kaneko J, Xi L, Nasu M, Yamashita S. Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1995; 23(2): 195-211. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7572781&dopt=Abstract

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Transient white matter changes on MR images in children undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with neuropsychologic deficiencies. Author(s): Wilson DA, Nitschke R, Bowman ME, Chaffin MJ, Sexauer CL, Prince JR. Source: Radiology. 1991 July; 180(1): 205-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2052695&dopt=Abstract

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Translocation 1;19--a new cytogenetic abnormality in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Michael PM, Levin MD, Garson OM. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1984 August; 12(4): 333-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6589036&dopt=Abstract

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Translocation and rearrangement of c-myc into immunoglobulin alpha heavy chain locus in primary cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Peschle C, Mavilio F, Sposi NM, Giampaolo A, Care A, Bottero L, Bruno M, Mastroberardino G, Gastaldi R, Testa MG, et al. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1984 September; 81(17): 5514-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6089208&dopt=Abstract

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Translocation t (4; 11) in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Author(s): Weh HJ, Hossfeld DK.

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Source: Blut. 1982 May; 44(5): 271-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6951617&dopt=Abstract •

Transplantation of HL-A identical allogeneic bone marrow to a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Graw RG Jr, Brown JA, Yankee RA, Leventhal BG, Whang-Peng J, Rogentine GN, Henderson ES. Source: Blood. 1970 December; 36(6): 736-47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4922090&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment intensity and outcome for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia of standard risk. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Van Eys J, Berry D, Crist W, Doering E, Fernbach D, Pullen J, Shuster J. Source: Cancer. 1989 April 15; 63(8): 1466-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2924255&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in Uganda. Author(s): Amsel S. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1975; 54(6): 336-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=812319&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Letendre L, Colgan JP, Hineman VL, Hoagland HC. Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1982 July; 57(7): 426-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6953291&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. Author(s): Mazza JJ, Leong T, Rowe JM, Wiernik PH, Cassileth PA. Source: Leukemia & Lymphoma. 1996 January; 20(3-4): 317-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8624473&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pinkel D. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1979; 23: 25-33. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=296110&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pinkel D. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1970 December; 77(6): 1089-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4922336&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of children with early pre-B and pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia with antimetabolite-based intensification regimens: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Harris MB, Shuster JJ, Pullen J, Borowitz MJ, Carroll AJ, Behm FG, Camitta B, Land VJ. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 2000 September; 14(9): 1570-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10995002&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia with vincristine and diltiazem. Author(s): Bessho F, Kinumaki H, Kobayashi M, Habu H, Nakamura K, Yokota S, Tsuruo T, Kobayashi N. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1985; 13(4): 199-202. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3859743&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Author(s): Freund M, De Boben M, Diedrich H, Ganser A, Heil G, Heyll A, Henke M, Hiddemann W, Knauf U, Koch P, et al. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 432-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2182434&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of relapsed or refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Freund M, Diedrich H, Ganser A, Gramatzki M, Heil G, Heyll A, Henke M, Hiddemann W, Haas R, Kuse R, et al. Source: Cancer. 1992 February 1; 69(3): 709-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1730121&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment outcome of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia with VPD(L) regimen: analysis of prognostic factors. Author(s): Park SR, Kim JH, Kim do Y, Lee S, Lee SY, Choi IS, Yoon SS, Park S, Kim BG, Kim NK. Source: Korean J Intern Med. 2003 March; 18(1): 21-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12760264&dopt=Abstract

•

Trisomy 4 in a case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1). Author(s): Hodohara K, Fujiyama Y, Inoue T, Niwakawa M, Kitoh K, Andoh A, Bamba T, Hosoda S, Abe T. Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 1992 August; 62(1): 88-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1521241&dopt=Abstract

•

Two additional cases of t dic(9:12) in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL): prognosis in ALL with dic(9:12). Author(s): Huret JL, Heerema NA, Brizard A, Provisor AJ, Benz-Lemoine E, Guilhot F, Savage JR, Tanzer J.

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Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1990 June; 4(6): 423-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2193203&dopt=Abstract •

Two cases of mature B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia with normal karyotype in adults. Author(s): Ohtsuki T, Ogawa Y, Izumi T, Hatake K, Miura Y. Source: Acta Haematologica. 1996; 96(4): 258-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8922497&dopt=Abstract

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Ultrastructural study of acute lymphocytic leukemia: comparison with immunologic studies. Author(s): Glick AD, Vestal BK, Flexner JM, Collins RD. Source: Blood. 1978 August; 52(2): 311-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=307416&dopt=Abstract

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Unfulfilled promise of endostatin in a gene therapy-xenotransplant model of human acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Eisterer W, Jiang X, Bachelot T, Pawliuk R, Abramovich C, Leboulch P, Hogge D, Eaves C. Source: Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2002 April; 5(4): 352-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11945061&dopt=Abstract

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Unusual manifestations of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rogers JS 2nd, Eyster E, Hamilton RW, Dossett JH. Source: W V Med J. 1976 October; 72(10): 281-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1068588&dopt=Abstract

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Update of the cytogenetic study of childhood non-high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia at diagnosis in protocol VI of the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group. Author(s): Slater RM, Smeets DF, Hagemeijer A, De Jong B, Beverstock CG, Geraedts JP, van der Does-van den Berg A, van Wering ER, Veerman AJ. Source: Haematol Blood Transfus. 1990; 33: 169-73. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2138993&dopt=Abstract

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Use of a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies and human complement in selective killing of acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): Sugita K, Majdic O, Stockinger H, Holter W, Koller U, Peschel C, Knapp W. Source: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 1986 March 15; 37(3): 351-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3456339&dopt=Abstract

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Use of L-asparaginase and cytosine arabinoside for refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia with particular reference to T-cell leukemia. Author(s): Steuber CP, Levy GJ, Nix WL, Shepherd DA, Starling KA, Fernbach DJ. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1978; 5(1): 33-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=311413&dopt=Abstract

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Utilization of an immunostaining technique to demonstrate heterogeneity in the content of dihydrofolate reductase in peripheral blast cells from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Grill SP, Wells RJ, Cheng YC. Source: Cancer Research. 1984 March; 44(3): 1252-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6581868&dopt=Abstract

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Variability in methotrexate serum and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: relation to assay methodology and physiological variables. Author(s): Seidel H, Andersen A, Kvaloy JT, Nygaard R, Moe PJ, Jacobsen G, Lindqvist B, Slordal L. Source: Leukemia Research. 2000 March; 24(3): 193-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10739001&dopt=Abstract

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Variation in survival among patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Zippin C, Cutler SJ, Reeves WJ Jr, Lum D. Source: Blood. 1971 January; 37(1): 59-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=5312779&dopt=Abstract

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Varicella-like illness caused by live varicella vaccine in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Brunell PA, Geiser CF, Novelli V, Lipton S, Narkewicz S. Source: Pediatrics. 1987 June; 79(6): 922-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3035478&dopt=Abstract

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Ventral polyradiculopathy with pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Anderson SC, Baquis GD, Jackson A, Monteleone P, Kirkwood JR. Source: Muscle & Nerve. 2002 January; 25(1): 106-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11754193&dopt=Abstract

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Vincristine and prednisone vs vincristine, L-asparaginase, and prednisone for second remission induction of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Author(s): Herson J, Starling KA, Dyment PG, Humphrey GB, Pullen J, Vats T. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1979; 6(4): 317-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=384187&dopt=Abstract

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Vindesine and prednisone for remission induction in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Vats TS, Mehta P, Trueworthy RC, Smith SD, Klopovich P. Source: Cancer. 1981 June 15; 47(12): 2789-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6942907&dopt=Abstract

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Violaceous nodules on the arm of a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis (Aspergillus flavus). Author(s): Magid ML, Prendiville JS, Esterly NB. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1988 January; 124(1): 122, 125-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3422145&dopt=Abstract

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V-J junctional sequences of T cell receptor gamma gene in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Dong S, Huang W, Tong J, Wang Z, Chen S, Chen Z, Gu L, Li X, Xie J. Source: Science in China. Series B, Chemistry, Life Sciences & Earth Sciences. 1995 February; 38(2): 202-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7755873&dopt=Abstract

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VM-26 with prednisone and vincristine for treatment of refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Rivera G, Bowman WP, Murphy SB, Dahl GV, Aur RJ, Kalwinsky DK, Wood A, Stagner S, Avery TL. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1982; 10(5): 439-46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6958957&dopt=Abstract

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X;6 translocation in a child with congenital acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Carney LA, Kinney JS, Higgins RR, Freeman AI, Hecht BK, Woods GM. Source: Cancer. 1992 February 1; 69(3): 799-803. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1730130&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or a synonym): •

Consolidation therapy with antimetabolite-based therapy in standard-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Author(s): Tomorrow's Children's Institute, Hackensack University Medical Center, NJ, USA. [email protected] Source: Harris, M B Shuster, J J Pullen, D J Borowitz, M J Carroll, A J Behm, F G Land, V J J-Clin-Oncol. 1998 August; 16(8): 2840-7 0732-183X

•

DNA methylation of multiple promoter-associated CpG islands in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Departments of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. [email protected] Source: Garcia Manero, G Daniel, J Smith, T L Kornblau, S M Lee, M S Kantarjian, H M Issa, J P Clin-Cancer-Res. 2002 July; 8(7): 2217-24 1078-0432

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Long-term follow-up results of adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma treated with short-term, alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 8702. Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan. Source: Kobayashi, T Tobinai, K Shimoyama, M Mikuni, C Konda, S Kozuru, M Araki, K Sai, T Fukuhara, S Matsumoto, M Aoki, I Deura, K Oyama, A Hotta, T Abe, T Toki, H Nagai, M Fukuda, H Niimi, M Yamaguchi, N Tajima, K Shirakawa, S Jpn-J-Clin-Oncol. 1999 July; 29(7): 340-8 0368-2811

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Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Departments of Leukemia, Biomathematics, and Radiotherapy, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Source: Kantarjian, H M O'Brien, S Smith, T L Cortes, J Giles, F J Beran, M Pierce, S Huh, Y Andreeff, M Koller, C Ha, C S Keating, M J Murphy, S Freireich, E J J-Clin-Oncol. 2000 February; 18(3): 547-61 0732-183X

•

Total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide with stem cell transplant as treatment for infants with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. [email protected] Source: Pirich, L Haut, P Morgan, E Marymount, M Kletzel, M Med-Pediatr-Oncol. 1999 January; 32(1): 1-6 0098-1532

•

Ventral polyradiculopathy with pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. [email protected] Source: Anderson, Stephen C Baquis, George D Jackson, Anthony Monteleone, Philip Kirkwood, J Robert Muscle-Nerve. 2002 January; 25(1): 106-10 0148-639X

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Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to acute lymphocytic leukemia and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to acute lymphocytic leukemia: •

Avascular necrosis of bone after adult acute lymphocytic leukemia treatment with methotrexate, vincristine, L-asparaginase, and dexamethasone (MOAD). Author(s): Hui L, Wiernik PH. Source: American Journal of Hematology. 1996 July; 52(3): 184-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8756084&dopt=Abstract

•

Brief-duration high-intensity chemotherapy for patients with small noncleaved-cell lymphoma or FAB L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of cancer and leukemia group B study 9251. Author(s): Lee EJ, Petroni GR, Schiffer CA, Freter CE, Johnson JL, Barcos M, Frizzera G, Bloomfield CD, Peterson BA.

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Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2001 October 15; 19(20): 4014-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11600602&dopt=Abstract •

Comparison of two different schedules of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor during treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a hyper-CVAD (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone) regimen. Author(s): Weiser MA, O'Brien S, Thomas DA, Pierce SA, Lam TP, Kantarjian HM. Source: Cancer. 2002 January 15; 94(2): 285-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11900213&dopt=Abstract

•

DNA methylation of multiple promoter-associated CpG islands in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Daniel J, Smith TL, Kornblau SM, Lee MS, Kantarjian HM, Issa JP. Source: Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2002 July; 8(7): 2217-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12114423&dopt=Abstract

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Induction therapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia without the use of vincristine or prednisone. Author(s): Weiss M. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2001 February; 15(1): 1-7, V. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11253603&dopt=Abstract

•

Influence of cytotoxicity enhancers in combination with human serum on the activity of CD22-recombinant ricin A against B cell lines, chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. Author(s): van Horssen PJ, van Oosterhout YV, Evers S, Backus HH, van Oijen MG, Bongaerts R, de Witte T, Preijers FW. Source: Leukemia : Official Journal of the Leukemia Society of America, Leukemia Research Fund, U.K. 1999 February; 13(2): 241-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10025898&dopt=Abstract

•

Long-term follow-up results of adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma treated with short-term, alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 8702. Lymphoma Study Group. Author(s): Kobayashi T, Tobinai K, Shimoyama M, Mikuni C, Konda S, Kozuru M, Araki K, Sai T, Fukuhara S, Matsumoto M, Aoki I, Deura K, Oyama A, Hotta T, Abe T, Toki H, Nagai M, Fukuda H, Niimi M, Yamaguchi N, Tajima K, Shirakawa S. Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999 July; 29(7): 340-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10470659&dopt=Abstract

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•

Myeloid markers in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Correlations with patient and disease characteristics and with prognosis. Author(s): Preti HA, Huh YO, O'Brien SM, Andreeff M, Pierce ST, Keating M, Kantarjian HM. Source: Cancer. 1995 November 1; 76(9): 1564-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8635059&dopt=Abstract

•

Pyomyositis during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Corden TE, Morgan ER. Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 1996 August; 18(3): 323-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8689354&dopt=Abstract

•

Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Smith TL, Cortes J, Giles FJ, Beran M, Pierce S, Huh Y, Andreeff M, Koller C, Ha CS, Keating MJ, Murphy S, Freireich EJ. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2000 February; 18(3): 547-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10653870&dopt=Abstract

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Salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia by alternative administration a lymphoid- and myeloid-directed chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of dual modulation of ara-C, hydroxyurea, and etoposide. Author(s): Higashigawa M, Hori H, Hirayama M, Kawasaki H, Ido M, Azuma E, Sakurai M. Source: Leukemia Research. 1997 September; 21(9): 811-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9393595&dopt=Abstract

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The hyper-CVAD regimen in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM. Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 2000 December; 14(6): 138196, X-Xi. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11147229&dopt=Abstract

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Thymidylate synthase activity in leukocytes from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia and its inhibition by phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids pergularinine and tylophorinidine. Author(s): Narasimha Rao K, Bhattacharya RK, Venkatachalam SR. Source: Cancer Letters. 1998 June 19; 128(2): 183-8. Erratum In: Cancer Lett 1998 December 11; 134(1): 119. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9683281&dopt=Abstract

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Total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide with stem cell transplant as treatment for infants with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Author(s): Pirich L, Haut P, Morgan E, Marymount M, Kletzel M. Source: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1999 January; 32(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9917745&dopt=Abstract

•

Treatment outcome of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia with VPD(L) regimen: analysis of prognostic factors. Author(s): Park SR, Kim JH, Kim do Y, Lee S, Lee SY, Choi IS, Yoon SS, Park S, Kim BG, Kim NK. Source: Korean J Intern Med. 2003 March; 18(1): 21-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12760264&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on acute lymphocytic leukemia, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to acute lymphocytic leukemia. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

Cognitive and Emotional Late-effects from Treatment in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (leukemia) by Hiltz, Nicolee Mengel, Phd from Temple University, 1989, 99 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9007355

•

Educational Late Effects in Long-term Survivors of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Childhood (cancer, Learning Disabilities) by Peckham, Virginia Cronin, Phd from Temple University, 1986, 157 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8627496

•

Parents' Initial Experience with Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia by O'brien, Patricia Edwina, Phd from The University of Michigan, 1988, 152 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8907120

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•

The Effect on the Computational Ability of Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia due to Prophylactic Treatment of the Central Nervous System by Bath, Barbara Blake, Phd from The American University, 1984, 112 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8417450

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Recent Trials on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to acute lymphocytic leukemia.5 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •

506U78 in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): recurrent adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; L1 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; L2 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; B-cell adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; non-T, non-B adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Southwest Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of 506U78 in treating patients who have recurrent or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00006020

5

These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.

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•

Phase II Study of Hyper-CVAD plus Imatinib Mesylate for Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2 Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Purpose - Excerpt: The goal of this clinical research study if to learn if intensive chemotherapy, combined with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) given for 8 courses over 6 months, followed by maintenance imatinib mesylate plus chemotherapy for 1 year can improve Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The safety of this treatment will also be studied. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00038610

•

STI571 Plus Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia or Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): recurrent adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; relapsing chronic myelogenous leukemia; blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. STI571 may stop the growth of leukemia cells. Combining chemotherapy and STI571 may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy plus STI571 in treating patients who have chronic myelogenous leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase I; Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00015860

•

Total-Body Irradiation Plus Chemotherapy Followed By Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Children With Hematologic Cancer Condition(s): Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia; Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; recurrent childhood large cell lymphoma; recurrent childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma; recurrent childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage cancer cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Bone marrow transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to kill cancer cells. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune

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response against the body's normal cells. Eliminating the T cells from the donor cells before transplanting them may prevent this from happening. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of total-body irradiation and chemotherapy followed by T-cell depleted donor bone marrow transplantation in treating children who have hematologic cancer. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00028730 •

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): L3 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; stage IV adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; Burkitt's Lymphoma; stage IV childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma; B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; stage III adult diffuse small noncleaved cell/Burkitt's lymphoma; B-cell adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; L3 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; stage III childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); Pediatric Oncology Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy in treating patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00005977

•

Diagnostic Study of Gene Alterations in Children Who Have Been Treated for Relapsed Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI); Children's Cancer Group Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures, such as genetic testing, may improve the ability to detect acute lymphocytic leukemia and determine the extent of disease. PURPOSE: Diagnostic study to try to detect changes in the genes of children who have been treated for relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003933

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•

Hormone Therapy Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; untreated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): Medical Research Council Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Hormone therapy may stop the growth of cancer cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining hormone therapy with chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells. It is not yet known which hormone therapy and chemotherapy regimen is most effective for acute lymphocytic leukemia. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of different steroids and chemotherapy drugs in treating children who have acute lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00003437

•

Combination Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Infants With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Condition(s): untreated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; acute undifferentiated leukemia Study Status: This study is suspended. Sponsor(s): Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining bone marrow transplantation with chemotherapy may allow the doctor to give higher doses of chemotherapy drugs and kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in treating infants with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00002756

Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately

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5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •

For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/

•

For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html

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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/

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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm

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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp

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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/

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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm

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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm

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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm

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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm

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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm

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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials

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CHAPTER 6. BOOKS ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on acute lymphocytic leukemia include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “acute lymphocytic leukemia” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

Treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia by Donald Pinkel; ISBN: 0950223034; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0950223034/icongroupinterna

Chapters on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia In order to find chapters that specifically relate to acute lymphocytic leukemia, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and acute lymphocytic leukemia using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The

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following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on acute lymphocytic leukemia: •

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Patient Survival in the United States Source: in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Second Edition. Schottenfeld, D. Fraumeni, J.F. eds. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, pp. 168-191, 1996. Contact: Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Summary: Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Patient Survival in the United States, a book chapter in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Second Edition, presents data on the incidence of cancer, cancer mortality, and patient survival, using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data and mortality information provided by the National Center for Health Statistics. SEER collects information on the demographic characteristics of the patient, anatomic site of the malignancy, histologic cell type, extent (state) of the disease at the time of diagnosis, treatment, and followup, including survival status and cause of death. Incidence and mortality data are based on 479,729 newly diagnosed malignancies, 213,315 cancer deaths among residents of the SEER areas, and 2,432,671 cancer deaths in the United States between 1987-1991. During 1994, approximately 1,208,000 malignancies were diagnosed and 538,000 persons died as a result of cancer. Between 1973-1991, the overall cancer mortality rates increased only slightly (between 7 percent and 8 percent), while incidence rates increased 31 percent and 14 percent among males and females, respectively. Overall cancer incidence (19871991) was highest among black males, followed by white males, white females, and black females. Malignancies of the digestive system currently account for nearly 20 percent of all cancer in the United States. Of these, 64 percent arise in the colon and rectum, 12 percent in the pancreas, and 10 percent in the stomach. Incidence of melanoma of the skin increased 94 percent from 1973-1991, which was more rapid than for any other major primary site except for female lung cancer and male prostate cancer. There were approximately 183,000 diagnoses of invasive breast cancer in 1994. For females diagnosed with breast cancer between 1983-1990, survival was poorer for blacks than for whites, with 5-year relative rates of 66 percent and 82 percent, respectively. Cancers of the corpus uteri and uterus not otherwise specified accounted for over 40 percent of all malignancies of the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer accounted for 32 percent of such malignancies and cervical cancer, 20 percent. Survival rates have improved in the last several decades, most notably for acute lymphocytic leukemia among children. However, incidence rates for many other childhood cancers have continued to rise.

•

Consultations Source: in Lockhart, P.B. Oral Medicine and Hospital Practice. Chicago, IL: Special Care Dentistry. 1997. p. 4.3-4.40. Contact: Available from Special Care Dentistry. 211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611. (312) 440-2660. Fax (312) 440-2824. PRICE: $27.00 (member) or $30.00 (nonmember), plus shipping and handling; institutional prices and bulk orders available. ISBN: 0965719103. Summary: This chapter is from a manual designed to help dental residents, students and practitioners engaged in the care of patients in the hospital setting. This chapter discusses consultations in the hospital setting. The first section describes how to request consults from other services, how to answer consult requests from other services, and a recommended consult format. The remainder of the chapter provides examples of

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fourteen specific types of consults: poorly fitting denture on an atrophic ridge; acute myelogenous leukemia, stomatitis, and fungal infection; oral ulcerations of unknown etiology; endocarditis of possible dental origin; myeloproliferative disorder and facial swelling; aortic valve replacement and poor dentition; juvenile onset diabetes and poor dentition; dental trauma following motor vehicle accident (MVA), risk of aspiration; newborn infant with masses on alveolar ridge; acute lymphocytic leukemia and oral ulcers; AIDS with multiple oral problems; cerebral palsy and excessive drooling; malocclusion following old mandibular fracture; and ruling out a dental source of endocarditis. Most information is presented in outline format, for ease of access.

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CHAPTER 7. MULTIMEDIA ON ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on acute lymphocytic leukemia. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Bibliography: Multimedia on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in acute lymphocytic leukemia (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.” From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on acute lymphocytic leukemia (for more information, follow the hyperlink indicated): •

Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia [videorecording] Source: University of Texas System Cancer Center M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute; Year: 1976; Format: Videorecording; Houston: The Institute, 1976

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute6: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

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National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

6

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

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National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

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Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.7 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:8 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

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HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

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Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

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Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

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Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 8 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 7

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The Combined Health Information Database

A comprehensive source of information on clinical guidelines written for professionals is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to one of the following: Brochure/Pamphlet, Fact Sheet, or Information Package, and “acute lymphocytic leukemia” using the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For the publication date, select “All Years.” Select your preferred language and the format option “Fact Sheet.” Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a sample result: •

Occurrence of Cancer in Minnesota 1988-1992: Incidence, Mortality, and Trends: Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System Report to the Minnesota Legislature, March 1995 Source: Minneapolis, MN, Minnesota Department of Health, Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology, 182 p., March 1995. Contact: Minnesota Department of Health, Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology, P.O. Box 9441, 717 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55440. Summary: Occurrence of Cancer in Minnesota 1988-1992: Incidence, Mortality, and Trends: Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System Report to the Minnesota Legislature, March 1995, presents a statistical summary of the rates and trends of cancers among residents of Minnesota for the years 1988-1992. Sections include (1) summary, (2) overview, (3) cancer incidence 1988-1992, (4) cancer mortality, (5) 5-year trends in cancer incidence and mortality, and (6) breast cancer rates and trends around nuclear power plants in Minnesota. During the 5-year period 1988-1992, 94,266 new cancers were diagnosed among Minnesota residents. During the same period, an average of 4,293 cancer deaths among males and 3,933 cancer deaths among females occurred each year. Cancer rates were higher among males than females for all but a few types of cancer. Among men, the most common cancer was prostate cancer, which represented almost one-third (32 percent) of new cancers. Among women, breast cancer was the most common type of cancer, accounting for 32 percent of new cancer cases. Acute lymphocytic leukemia made up almost one-third of the total cancers for children under age 15 years. For the first time, the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System examined time trends in cancer occurrence in Minnesota. The most dramatic trend observed was a 15-percent increase per year in the rate of newly-diagnosed prostate cancers, which may be due to increased surveillance and the use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Lung cancer rates in females increased at a rate of about 3 percent per year, while rates in males were steady or declining. Researchers also analyzed breast cancer rates and trends in 10 counties near Minnesota's 2 nuclear power plants, but the analysis did not show any measurable differences in breast cancer mortality trends or incidence rates in those counties compared to the state overall. Appendixes include (1) the occurrence of cancer in Minnesota counties; (2) definitions of cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and

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Minnesota regions; (3) a glossary; (4) statistical methods; and (5) documents and technical notes regarding the breast cancer rates and trends around nuclear power plants. •

The impact of health maintenance organizations on accessibility, satisfaction and cost of health care for children with special needs Source: Madison, WI: Center for Health Systems Research and Analysis. 1990. 119 pp. Contact: Available from Center for Public Representation, P.O. Box 260049, Madison, WI 53726-0049. Telephone: (608) 251-4008 / fax: (608) 251- 1263 / e-mail: [email protected]. / Web site: http://www.law.wisc.edu. $20.00. Summary: This report describes a study of five health maintenance organizations in Dane and Milwaukee Counties, Wisconsin. The report examined what the plans did and did not cover, costs to families and family satisfaction, for the following three diagnoses: acute lymphocytic leukemia, cystic fibrosis, and developmental delay. Implications and recommendations are also reported.

The NLM Gateway9 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.10 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 14402 26 183 7 0 14618

HSTAT11 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.12 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 11 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 12 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 9

10

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assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice. Simply search by “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov. Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists13 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.14 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.15 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 15 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 13 14

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on acute lymphocytic leukemia can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to acute lymphocytic leukemia. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to acute lymphocytic leukemia. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “acute lymphocytic leukemia”:

156 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

•

Other Guides Bone Marrow Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html Lymphoma http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to acute lymphocytic leukemia. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources

A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Associations and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia The following is a list of associations that provide information on and resources relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia:

Patient Resources 157

•

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation Telephone: (914) 428-7100 Toll-free: (888) 663-4637 Fax: (914) 997-4763 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.marchofdimes.com Background: The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation is a national not-for-profit organization that was established in 1938. The mission of the Foundation is to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects and infant mortality. The March of Dimes funds programs of research, community services, education, and advocacy. Educational programs that seek to prevent birth defects are important to the Foundation and to that end it also produces a wide variety of printed informational materials and videos. The Pregnancy and Newborn Health Education Center staffs trained health information specialists who provide researched information on pregnancy issues, complications and risks, newborn care, birth defects, genetic diseases and related topics as well as referrals to relevant organizations and support groups.

Finding Associations There are a number of Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to acute lymphocytic leukemia. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about acute lymphocytic leukemia. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given

158 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “acute lymphocytic leukemia”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

159

APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for acute lymphocytic leukemia. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI® Advice for the Patient® can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Below, we have compiled a list of medications associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia. If you would like more information on a particular medication, the provided hyperlinks will direct you to ample documentation (e.g. typical dosage, side effects, drug-interaction risks,

160 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

etc.). The following drugs have been mentioned in the Pharmacopeia and other sources as being potentially applicable to acute lymphocytic leukemia: Cyclophosphamide •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Cytoxan; Neosar http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202174.html

Ifosfamide •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: IFEX http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202293.html

Vincristine •

Systemic - U.S. Brands: Oncovin; Vincrex http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202594.html

Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult™ Mosby’s Drug Consult™ database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/. PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee.

Researching Medications 161

Researching Orphan Drugs Although the list of orphan drugs is revised on a daily basis, you can quickly research orphan drugs that might be applicable to acute lymphocytic leukemia by using the database managed by the National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. (NORD), at http://www.rarediseases.org/. Scroll down the page, and on the left toolbar, click on “Orphan Drug Designation Database.” On this page (http://www.rarediseases.org/search/noddsearch.html), type “acute lymphocytic leukemia” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.” When you receive your results, note that not all of the drugs may be relevant, as some may have been withdrawn from orphan status. Write down or print out the name of each drug and the relevant contact information. From there, visit the Pharmacopeia Web site and type the name of each orphan drug into the search box at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. You may need to contact the sponsor or NORD for further information. NORD conducts “early access programs for investigational new drugs (IND) under the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) approval ‘Treatment INDs’ programs which allow for a limited number of individuals to receive investigational drugs before FDA marketing approval.” If the orphan product about which you are seeking information is approved for marketing, information on side effects can be found on the product’s label. If the product is not approved, you may need to contact the sponsor. The following is a list of orphan drugs currently listed in the NORD Orphan Drug Designation Database for acute lymphocytic leukemia: •

Pegaspargase (trade name: Oncaspar) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=342

•

Teniposide (trade name: Vumon for injection) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=334

•

Erwinia L-asparaginase (trade name: Erwinase) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=428

•

Ricin (blocked) conjugated murine mca (anti b-4) http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=6

If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.16

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of libraries recommended by the National

16

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

164 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)17: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

17

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries 165

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

166 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries 167

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

168 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

169

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on acute lymphocytic leukemia: •

Basic Guidelines for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute lymphocytic leukemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000541.htm ALL Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000541.htm Down syndrome Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000997.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Anemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000560.htm Ankle pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003167.htm

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Bleeding gums Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003062.htm Bleeding into the skin Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Bone pain or tenderness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003180.htm Bruising Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Ecchymoses Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Elbow pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003172.htm Enlarged liver Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003275.htm Fatigue Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm Fever Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm Foot pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003183.htm Gums, swollen Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003066.htm Hip pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003179.htm Joint pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003261.htm Knee pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003187.htm Leukemia Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001299.htm Menstrual periods, abnormal Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003263.htm Nosebleeds Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003106.htm

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Paleness Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003244.htm Palpitations Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003081.htm Petechiae Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Pinpoint red spots Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm Purpura Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003232.htm Shortness of breath Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003075.htm Shoulder pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003171.htm Skin rash or lesion Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003220.htm Weight loss Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003107.htm Wrist pain Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003175.htm •

Diagnostics and Tests for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ALT Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003473.htm Blood cell differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm Bone marrow aspiration Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003658.htm CBC Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003642.htm Cell surface antigen studies (B-cell, leukemia/lymphoma panel) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003518.htm Differential Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm

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Platelet count Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003647.htm Platelets Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003647.htm T(thymus derived) lymphocyte count Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003516.htm WBC count Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003643.htm •

Nutrition for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphadenopathy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001377.htm

•

Surgery and Procedures for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Bone marrow transplant Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003009.htm

•

Background Topics for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002215.htm Aggravated by Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002227.htm Bleeding Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000045.htm Cancer - support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002166.htm Chemotherapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002324.htm Exercise Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001941.htm Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm Leukemia - support group Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002151.htm Peripheral Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002273.htm

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Physical examination Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002274.htm Radiation therapy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001918.htm Secondary infections Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002300.htm Toxins Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002331.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

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ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute lymphocytic leukemia: ALL. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myelogenous leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myeloid leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acute myeloid leukemia: AML. A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. [NIH] Acyclovir: Functional analog of the nucleoside guanosine. It acts as an antimetabolite, especially in viruses. It is used as an antiviral agent, especially in herpes infections. [NIH] Adverse effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. [NIH]

Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile

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sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Angiogenesis: Blood vessel formation. Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of blood vessels from surrounding tissue to a solid tumor. This is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumor. [NIH] Animal model: An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. [NIH] Annealing: The spontaneous alignment of two single DNA strands to form a double helix. [NIH]

Anthracycline: A member of a family of anticancer drugs that are also antibiotics. [NIH] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Anti-inflammatory: Having to do with reducing inflammation. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Antiviral: Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Aortic Valve: The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Asparaginase: A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1. [NIH] Aspartate: A synthetic amino acid. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH]

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Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacteriophage: A virus whose host is a bacterial cell; A virus that exclusively infects bacteria. It generally has a protein coat surrounding the genome (DNA or RNA). One of the coliphages most extensively studied is the lambda phage, which is also one of the most important. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS, CHOLESTEROL, and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of bone marrow from one human or animal to another. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bowel Movement: Body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. [NIH] Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues. [NIH] Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Carcinogenic: Producing carcinoma. [EU] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH]

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Cardiomyopathy: A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease, often of obscure or unknown etiology. [EU] Carnitine: Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. [NIH] Castor Oil: Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer. [NIH] Causal: Pertaining to a cause; directed against a cause. [EU] Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cellulose: A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in cellobiose. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral Palsy: Refers to a motor disability caused by a brain dysfunction. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and vagina. [NIH] Chemoprotective: A quality of some drugs used in cancer treatment. Chemoprotective agents protect healthy tissue from the toxic effects of anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Chromosomal: Pertaining to chromosomes. [EU] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Chronic granulocytic leukemia: A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myelogenous leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia. [NIH] Chronic myelogenous leukemia: CML. A slowly progressing disease in which too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Also called chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. [NIH]

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Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Combination chemotherapy: Treatment using more than one anticancer drug. [NIH] Communis: Common tendon of the rectus group of muscles that surrounds the optic foramen and a portion of the superior orbital fissure, to the anterior margin of which it is attached at the spina recti lateralis. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complete remission: The disappearance of all signs of cancer. Also called a complete response. [NIH] Complete response: The disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This does not always mean the cancer has been cured. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and

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theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conjugated: Acting or operating as if joined; simultaneous. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Continuous infusion: The administration of a fluid into a blood vessel, usually over a prolonged period of time. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Cortisone: A natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone reduces swelling and can suppress immune responses. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. It is used in the treatment of lymphomas, leukemias, etc. Its side effect, alopecia, has been made use of in defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. [NIH] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Cytotoxicity: Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. [NIH] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH] Daunorubicin: Very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemias and other neoplasms. [NIH]

De novo: In cancer, the first occurrence of cancer in the body. [NIH] Denaturation: Rupture of the hydrogen bonds by heating a DNA solution and then cooling it rapidly causes the two complementary strands to separate. [NIH] Dentition: The teeth in the dental arch; ordinarily used to designate the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. [EU] Dexamethasone: (11 beta,16 alpha)-9-Fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4diene-3,20-dione. An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used either in the free alcohol or esterified form in treatment of conditions that respond generally to cortisone. [NIH] Dexrazoxane: A drug used to protect the heart from the toxic effects of anthracycline drugs

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such as doxorubicin. It belongs to the family of drugs called chemoprotective agents. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive system: The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes. [NIH] Disparity: Failure of the two retinal images of an object to fall on corresponding retinal points. [NIH] Doxorubicin: Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetics. It is a hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin and is used in treatment of both leukemia and solid tumors. [NIH] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Enhancers: Transcriptional element in the virus genome. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH] Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epigastric: Having to do with the upper middle area of the abdomen. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Excisional: The surgical procedure of removing a tumor by cutting it out. The biopsy is then examined under a microscope. [NIH] Excisional biopsy: A surgical procedure in which an entire lump or suspicious area is removed for diagnosis. The tissue is then examined under a microscope. [NIH] Exocrine: 1. secreting outwardly, via a duct;. [EU] External-beam radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. Also called external radiation. [NIH]

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Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Fallopian tube: The oviduct, a muscular tube about 10 cm long, lying in the upper border of the broad ligament. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gamma Rays: Very powerful and penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than that of x-rays. They are emitted by a decaying nucleus, usually between 0.01 and 10 MeV. They are also called nuclear x-rays. [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of gene action. [NIH] Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed i.e., transcribed, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell. [NIH] Gene Rearrangement: The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development. [NIH] Genetic testing: Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucocorticoid: A compound that belongs to the family of compounds called corticosteroids (steroids). Glucocorticoids affect metabolism and have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. They may be naturally produced (hormones) or synthetic (drugs). [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Graft: Healthy skin, bone, or other tissue taken from one part of the body and used to replace diseased or injured tissue removed from another part of the body. [NIH] Granulocyte: A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Haploid: An organism with one basic chromosome set, symbolized by n; the normal condition of gametes in diploids. [NIH]

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Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heredity: 1. the genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. the genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hormone therapy: Treatment of cancer by removing, blocking, or adding hormones. Also called endocrine therapy. [NIH] Host: Any animal that receives a transplanted graft. [NIH] Hydroxyurea: An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Immune response: (antigens). [NIH]

The activity of the immune system against foreign substances

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Immunosuppressive: Describes the ability to lower immune system responses. [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Implant radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU]

Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infant Mortality: Perinatal, neonatal, and infant deaths in a given population. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized,

184 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. an infectious disease. [EU]

Infusion: A method of putting fluids, including drugs, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion. [NIH] Internal radiation: A procedure in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near the tumor. Also called brachytherapy, implant radiation, or interstitial radiation therapy. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intrathecal: Describes the fluid-filled space between the thin layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. Drugs can be injected into the fluid or a sample of the fluid can be removed for testing. [NIH] Irradiation: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Irradiation is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and x-ray therapy. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Lethal: Deadly, fatal. [EU] Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Leukoplakia: A white patch that may develop on mucous membranes such as the cheek, gums, or tongue and may become cancerous. [NIH] Library Services: circulation. [NIH]

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and

Ligament: A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. [EU] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Locomotion: Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries

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cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphatic system: The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infection and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells. These tubes branch, like blood vessels, into all the tissues of the body. [NIH] Lymphoblastic: One of the most aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [NIH] Lymphoblasts: Interferon produced predominantly by leucocyte cells. [NIH] Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphocyte Count: A count of the number of lymphocytes in the blood. [NIH] Lymphocytic: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Melanocytes: Epidermal dendritic pigment cells which control long-term morphological color changes by alteration in their number or in the amount of pigment they produce and store in the pigment containing organelles called melanosomes. Melanophores are larger cells which do not exist in mammals. [NIH] Melanoma: A form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. [NIH] Membranes: Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH]

186 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monoclonal: An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. [NIH] Monocytes: Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate bone marrow and released into the blood; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Myelogenous: Produced by, or originating in, the bone marrow. [NIH] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH]

Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and

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stainable by neutral dyes. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate and the posterior soft palate. [NIH] Palliative: 1. affording relief, but not cure. 2. an alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Patch: A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.: a patch over the eye. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Penis: The external reproductive organ of males. It is composed of a mass of erectile tissue enclosed in three cylindrical fibrous compartments. Two of the three compartments, the corpus cavernosa, are placed side-by-side along the upper part of the organ. The third compartment below, the corpus spongiosum, houses the urethra. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Peripheral stem cell transplantation: A method of replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the circulating blood that are similar to those in the bone marrow are given after treatment to help the bone marrow recover and continue producing healthy blood cells. Transplantation may be autologous (an individual's own blood cells saved earlier), allogeneic (blood cells donated by someone else), or syngeneic (blood cells donated by an identical twin). Also called peripheral stem cell support. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Phytotoxin: A substance which is toxic for plants. [NIH] Pigment: A substance that gives color to tissue. Pigments are responsible for the color of skin, eyes, and hair. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH]

188 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Plaque: A clear zone in a bacterial culture grown on an agar plate caused by localized destruction of bacterial cells by a bacteriophage. The concentration of infective virus in a fluid can be estimated by applying the fluid to a culture and counting the number of. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Polymerase: An enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of DNA using a single DNA strand as a template. The polymerase copies the template in the 5'-3'direction provided that sufficient quantities of free nucleotides, dATP and dTTP are present. [NIH] Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. [NIH] Polyradiculopathy: Disease or injury involving multiple spinal nerve roots. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Power Plants: Units that convert some form of energy into electrical energy, such as hydroelectric or steam-generating stations, diesel-electric engines in locomotives, or nuclear power plants. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. [NIH] Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. [NIH] Prognostic factor: A situation or condition, or a characteristic of a patient, that can be used to estimate the chance of recovery from a disease, or the chance of the disease recurring (coming back). [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Promoter: A chemical substance that increases the activity of a carcinogenic process. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH]

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Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Prostate-Specific Antigen: Kallikrein-like serine proteinase produced by epithelial cells of both benign and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. EC 3.4.21.77. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. an enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body in the area near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called radiotherapy. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Radiolabeled: Any compound that has been joined with a radioactive substance. [NIH] Radiotherapy: The use of ionizing radiation to treat malignant neoplasms and other benign conditions. The most common forms of ionizing radiation used as therapy are x-rays, gamma rays, and electrons. A special form of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, links a cytotoxic radionuclide to a molecule that targets the tumor. When this molecule is an antibody or other immunologic molecule, the technique is called radioimmunotherapy. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Randomized clinical trial: A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH]

190 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Recombinant: 1. a cell or an individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent; usually applied to linked genes. [EU] Recombination: The formation of new combinations of genes as a result of segregation in crosses between genetically different parents; also the rearrangement of linked genes due to crossing-over. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refractory: Not readily yielding to treatment. [EU] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Relapse: The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement. [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Reproductive system: In women, this system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus (womb), the cervix, and the vagina (birth canal). The reproductive system in men includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis. [NIH] Residual disease: Cancer cells that remain after attempts have been made to remove the cancer. [NIH] Retinal: 1. pertaining to the retina. 2. the aldehyde of retinol, derived by the oxidative enzymatic splitting of absorbed dietary carotene, and having vitamin A activity. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. One isomer, 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin, or visual purple. Another, all-trans retinal (trans-r.); visual yellow; xanthopsin) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal also combines with opsins in the cones (photopsins) to form the three pigments responsible for colour vision. Called also retinal, and retinene1. [EU] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. [NIH] Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides using NADPH as the ultimate electron donor. The deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are used in DNA synthesis. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.17.4.1. [NIH] Ricin: A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally. [NIH] Rigidity: Stiffness or inflexibility, chiefly that which is abnormal or morbid; rigor. [EU] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH]

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Selection Bias: The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample. [NIH] Semen: The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma. [NIH] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sequencing: The determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA chain. [NIH] Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from glycine or threonine. It is involved in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and other amino acids. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Shock: The general bodily disturbance following a severe injury; an emotional or moral upset occasioned by some disturbing or unexpected experience; disruption of the circulation, which can upset all body functions: sometimes referred to as circulatory shock. [NIH]

Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Soft tissue: Refers to muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. [NIH] Solid tumor: Cancer of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinal Nerve Roots: The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule. [NIH] Sterility: 1. the inability to produce offspring, i.e., the inability to conceive (female s.) or to

192 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

induce conception (male s.). 2. the state of being aseptic, or free from microorganisms. [EU] Steroids: Drugs used to relieve swelling and inflammation. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stomatitis: Inflammation of the oral mucosa, due to local or systemic factors which may involve the buccal and labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and the gingivae. [EU]

Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH]

Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thermal: Pertaining to or characterized by heat. [EU] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation. [NIH]

Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thymus: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Total-body irradiation: Radiation therapy to the entire body. Usually followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins:

Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific

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biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Translocation: The movement of material in solution inside the body of the plant. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Tumor suppressor gene: Genes in the body that can suppress or block the development of cancer. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Ventricle: One of the two pumping chambers of the heart. The right ventricle receives oxygen-poor blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Vinca Alkaloids: A class of alkaloids from the genus of apocyanaceous woody herbs including periwinkles. They are some of the most useful antineoplastic agents. [NIH] Vincristine: An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Vivo: Outside of or removed from the body of a living organism. [NIH]

194 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH] Xenograft: The cells of one species transplanted to another species. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] X-ray therapy: The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (external-beam radiation therapy) or from materials called radioisotopes. Radioisotopes produce radiation and can be placed in or near the tumor or in the area near cancer cells. This type of radiation treatment is called internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, interstitial radiation, or brachytherapy. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, that circulates throughout the body. X-ray therapy is also called radiation therapy, radiotherapy, and irradiation. [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e. g. trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin. [NIH]

195

INDEX A Abdominal, 175, 187 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4, 6, 135, 136, 137, 138, 175 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 143, 175 Acute myeloid leukemia, 175 Acyclovir, 4, 175 Adverse effect, 175, 191 Agar, 175, 188 Alopecia, 175, 180 Alternative medicine, 175 Alveoli, 175, 180 Amino acid, 175, 176, 187, 189, 191 Anaesthesia, 175, 183 Analog, 175, 176 Angiogenesis, 7, 176 Animal model, 7, 176 Annealing, 176, 188 Anthracycline, 176, 180 Antibiotic, 176, 180, 181 Antibody, 176, 179, 183, 184, 186, 189, 194 Anticoagulant, 176, 189 Antigen, 6, 171, 176, 179, 183 Anti-inflammatory, 176, 180, 182, 188 Antimetabolite, 126, 175, 176, 185 Antineoplastic, 176, 180, 181, 183, 185, 188, 193 Antiviral, 175, 176 Anus, 176, 177, 179 Aorta, 176, 193 Aortic Valve, 143, 176 Arteries, 176, 177, 180, 185 Asparaginase, 4, 129, 161, 176 Aspartate, 176 Aspiration, 143, 171, 176 Autologous, 7, 176, 187 B Bacteria, 176, 177, 185, 193 Bacteriophage, 177, 188 Base, 177, 184 Basophils, 177, 182, 184 Benign, 177, 189 Bile, 177, 182, 184 Biochemical, 176, 177 Biopsy, 177, 181 Bladder, 177, 189, 193 Blood vessel, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 191, 192, 193 Bone Marrow, 7, 136, 137, 138, 156, 175, 177, 178, 185, 186, 187, 191, 192 Bone Marrow Transplantation, 136, 137, 138, 177

Bowel, 177, 181, 192 Bowel Movement, 177, 181, 192 Brachytherapy, 177, 184, 189, 194 Branch, 167, 177, 185, 191, 192 Buccal, 177, 192 C Carcinogenic, 177, 188 Cardiac, 5, 177, 186 Cardiomyopathy, 5, 178 Carnitine, 5, 178 Castor Oil, 178, 190 Causal, 178, 190 Cause of Death, 142, 178 Cell, 5, 6, 7, 126, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 137, 142, 171, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194 Cell Cycle, 178, 181 Cell Division, 177, 178, 181, 187 Cellulose, 178, 187 Cerebral, 143, 178 Cerebral Palsy, 143, 178 Cerebrum, 178 Cervical, 142, 178 Cervix, 178, 190 Chemoprotective, 178, 181 Chemotherapy, 3, 126, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 172, 178 Chin, 178, 185 Chromosomal, 5, 178 Chronic, 130, 131, 136, 152, 178, 184, 192 Chronic granulocytic leukemia, 178 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 136, 178 Clinical trial, 4, 7, 135, 139, 151, 179, 189 Colon, 142, 179, 184 Combination chemotherapy, 136, 137, 138, 179 Communis, 178, 179, 190 Complement, 179 Complementary and alternative medicine, 129, 132, 179 Complementary medicine, 129, 179 Complete remission, 3, 179, 190 Complete response, 179 Computational Biology, 151, 179 Conjugated, 161, 180 Connective Tissue, 177, 180, 182, 185 Continuous infusion, 5, 180 Contraindications, ii, 180 Coronary, 180, 185 Coronary Thrombosis, 180, 185 Corpus, 142, 180, 187 Cortisone, 180, 188

196 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Curative, 180, 192 Cyclophosphamide, 126, 130, 132, 160, 180 Cytotoxic, 6, 180, 189 Cytotoxicity, 130, 180 D Databases, Bibliographic, 151, 180 Daunorubicin, 180, 181 De novo, 7, 180 Denaturation, 180, 188 Dentition, 143, 180 Dexamethasone, 129, 130, 180 Dexrazoxane, 5, 180 Digestion, 177, 181, 184, 192 Digestive system, 139, 142, 181 Diploid, 181, 187 Disparity, 6, 181 Doxorubicin, 5, 130, 181 Drug Interactions, 160, 181 Duodenum, 177, 181, 192 E Efficacy, 4, 181 Embryo, 181, 183 Enhancers, 130, 181 Environmental Health, 150, 152, 181 Enzymatic, 175, 179, 181, 188, 190 Enzyme, 176, 181, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194 Epigastric, 181, 187 Epithelial, 181, 189 Erythrocytes, 177, 181 Esophagus, 181, 192 Etoposide, 126, 131, 132, 181 Excisional, 4, 181 Excisional biopsy, 4, 181 Exocrine, 181, 187 External-beam radiation, 181, 184, 189, 194 F Facial, 143, 182 Fallopian tube, 182, 190 Family Planning, 151, 182 Fat, 177, 182, 191 Fetus, 182, 193 Fibrosis, 153, 182 G Gallbladder, 175, 181, 182 Gamma Rays, 182, 189 Gastric, 178, 182 Gastrin, 182, 183 Gene, 5, 6, 137, 182 Gene Expression, 5, 182 Gene Expression Profiling, 5, 182 Gene Rearrangement, 6, 182 Genetic testing, 137, 182, 188 Gland, 180, 182, 185, 187, 189 Glucocorticoid, 180, 182, 188 Governing Board, 182, 188

Graft, 182, 183 Granulocyte, 130, 182 Growth, 136, 138, 176, 182, 185, 186, 187 H Haploid, 182, 187 Hemorrhage, 183, 190, 192 Heredity, 182, 183 Herpes, 175, 183 Hormone, 138, 180, 182, 183 Hormone therapy, 138, 183 Host, 7, 177, 183, 193 Hydroxyurea, 131, 183 I Id, 6, 127, 132, 156, 166, 168, 183 Immune response, 6, 137, 176, 180, 183, 193 Immune system, 183, 185, 194 Immunodeficiency, 4, 183 Immunoglobulin, 6, 183, 186 Immunology, 6, 183 Immunosuppressant, 183, 185 Immunosuppressive, 180, 182, 183 Impairment, 183, 185 Implant radiation, 183, 184, 189, 194 In vitro, 6, 7, 183, 188 In vivo, 6, 7, 183 Indicative, 141, 183, 193 Induction, 130, 131, 183 Infant Mortality, 157, 183 Infarction, 180, 183, 185 Infection, 143, 182, 183, 185, 192, 194 Infusion, 184 Internal radiation, 184, 189, 194 Interstitial, 177, 184, 194 Intracellular, 183, 184 Intrathecal, 5, 184 Irradiation, 126, 132, 136, 184, 194 K Kb, 150, 184 L Large Intestine, 181, 184, 190, 191 Lesion, 171, 184 Lethal, 184, 190 Leukocytes, 131, 177, 184, 186 Leukoplakia, 3, 184 Library Services, 166, 184 Ligament, 182, 184, 189 Liver, 170, 175, 178, 180, 181, 182, 184, 188 Localized, 183, 184, 187, 188 Locomotion, 184, 187 Lymph, 172, 178, 184, 185 Lymph node, 178, 185 Lymphatic system, 184, 185, 191, 192 Lymphoblastic, 126, 130, 135, 136, 137, 138, 185 Lymphoblasts, 175, 185 Lymphocyte, 172, 176, 185

Index 197

Lymphocyte Count, 172, 185 Lymphoid, 131, 185 Lymphoma, 126, 129, 130, 136, 137, 156, 171, 185 M Malignancy, 4, 142, 185 Malignant, 4, 6, 176, 185, 189 MEDLINE, 151, 185 Melanocytes, 185 Melanoma, 142, 185 Membranes, 184, 185, 186, 188 Mental, v, 4, 139, 150, 178, 185, 189 Mental Disorders, 139, 185 Methotrexate, 129, 185 MI, 173, 185 Microbe, 185, 192 Mitochondrial Swelling, 186 Mitotic, 181, 186 Modification, 175, 186, 189 Molecular, 5, 6, 151, 154, 180, 186 Molecule, 176, 177, 179, 186, 189 Monitor, 186, 187 Monoclonal, 184, 186, 189, 194 Monocytes, 184, 186 Mucosa, 186, 192 Myelogenous, 136, 186 Myocardium, 185, 186 N NCI, 1, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 149, 186 Necrosis, 129, 183, 185, 186 Need, 3, 141, 152, 158, 161, 186 Neonatal, 183, 186 Neoplastic, 185, 186 Nerve, 126, 178, 186, 188, 191 Neutrons, 184, 186, 189 Neutrophils, 182, 184, 186 Nitrogen, 180, 187 Nuclear, 152, 182, 186, 187, 188 O Ovaries, 187, 190 P Palate, 187, 192 Palliative, 187, 192 Pancreas, 142, 175, 181, 187 Pancreatic, 178, 187 Patch, 184, 187 Pelvic, 187, 189 Pelvis, 187, 193 Penis, 187, 190 Peptide, 175, 187, 189 Peripheral stem cell transplantation, 187, 192 Pharmacologic, 187, 192 Physiologic, 187, 189 Phytotoxin, 187, 190 Pigment, 185, 187 Plants, 152, 187, 188, 193

Plaque, 3, 188 Pneumonia, 180, 188 Podophyllotoxin, 181, 188 Polymerase, 3, 188 Polymerase Chain Reaction, 3, 188 Polyradiculopathy, 126, 188 Posterior, 187, 188 Power Plants, 152, 188 Practice Guidelines, 153, 188 Prednisolone, 188 Prednisone, 130, 188 Prognostic factor, 132, 188 Progression, 176, 188 Progressive, 182, 186, 188 Promoter, 126, 130, 188 Prophylaxis, 188, 193 Prospective Studies, 6, 189 Prostate, 142, 152, 189, 190 Prostate-Specific Antigen, 152, 189 Protein C, 5, 177, 189 Proteins, 5, 175, 176, 179, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 193 Proteolytic, 179, 189, 190 Psychic, 185, 189 Public Policy, 151, 189 Q Quality of Life, 5, 189 R Radiation therapy, 5, 136, 173, 181, 184, 189, 192, 194 Radioactive, 183, 184, 187, 189, 194 Radiolabeled, 184, 189, 194 Radiotherapy, 126, 177, 184, 189, 194 Randomized, 4, 138, 181, 189 Randomized clinical trial, 4, 189 Receptor, 6, 176, 189 Recombinant, 130, 190 Recombination, 182, 190 Rectum, 142, 176, 177, 179, 181, 184, 189, 190 Reductase, 185, 190 Refer, 1, 177, 179, 183, 184, 186, 190 Refractory, 131, 135, 190 Regimen, 4, 126, 130, 131, 132, 138, 181, 190 Relapse, 6, 7, 190 Remission, 190 Reproductive system, 142, 190 Residual disease, 6, 190 Retinal, 181, 190 Retrospective, 6, 190 Retrospective Studies, 6, 190 Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase, 183, 190 Ricin, 130, 161, 190 Rigidity, 187, 190

198 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

S Salivary, 181, 190 Salivary glands, 181, 190 Screening, 179, 190 Selection Bias, 6, 191 Semen, 189, 191 Semisynthetic, 181, 191 Sequencing, 188, 191 Serine, 189, 191 Serum, 130, 179, 191 Shock, 191, 193 Side effect, 5, 159, 161, 175, 180, 191, 192 Signs and Symptoms, 190, 191 Small intestine, 181, 183, 191 Social Environment, 189, 191 Soft tissue, 177, 191 Solid tumor, 176, 181, 191 Specialist, 157, 191 Species, 186, 191, 193, 194 Spinal cord, 184, 191 Spinal Nerve Roots, 188, 191 Sterility, 180, 191 Steroids, 138, 182, 192 Stomach, 142, 175, 181, 182, 183, 191, 192 Stomatitis, 143, 192 Stool, 179, 184, 192 Strand, 188, 192 Stroke, 139, 150, 192 Subacute, 184, 192 Subclinical, 184, 192 Support group, 157, 172, 192 Symphysis, 178, 189, 192 Systemic, 160, 176, 184, 188, 189, 192, 194 T Therapeutics, 160, 192 Thermal, 186, 188, 192 Thrombin, 189, 192 Thrombomodulin, 189, 192 Thrombosis, 192 Thymus, 172, 185, 192

Tissue, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 193 Total-body irradiation, 137, 192 Toxic, v, 5, 178, 180, 187, 188, 192 Toxicity, 4, 181, 192 Toxicology, 152, 192 Toxins, 173, 176, 183, 192 Translocation, 5, 193 Transplantation, 136, 138, 187, 193 Trauma, 143, 186, 193 Tumor suppressor gene, 7, 193 U Unconscious, 183, 193 Urethra, 187, 189, 193 Uterus, 142, 178, 180, 187, 190, 193 V Vaccination, 7, 193 Vaccines, 193 Vagina, 178, 190, 193 Vascular, 183, 184, 193 Vein, 187, 193 Ventricle, 176, 193 Veterinary Medicine, 151, 193 Vinca Alkaloids, 193 Vincristine, 129, 130, 160, 193 Virulence, 192, 193 Virus, 3, 177, 181, 188, 193 Vitro, 193 Vivo, 193 W White blood cell, 175, 176, 178, 182, 184, 185, 194 Womb, 190, 193, 194 X Xenograft, 176, 194 X-ray, 136, 182, 184, 187, 189, 194 X-ray therapy, 184, 194 Z Zymogen, 189, 194

Index 199

200 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Index 201

202 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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