REECH IRTH A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES
J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS
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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1
Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Breech Birth: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00177-2 1. Breech Birth-Popular works. I. Title.
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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.
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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on breech birth. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.
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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.
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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health
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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BREECH BIRTH .......................................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Breech Birth .................................................................................. 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND BREECH BIRTH .......................................................... 19 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 19 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 19 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 21 General References ....................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON BREECH BIRTH .......................................................................................... 23 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 23 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON BREECH BIRTH ............................................................. 25 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 25 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 25 Academic Periodicals covering Breech Birth................................................................................ 26 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 31 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 31 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 31 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 33 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 35 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 37 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 37 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 37 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 39 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 41 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 41 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 41 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 41 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 41 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 47 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 48 BREECH BIRTH DICTIONARY................................................................................................... 49 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 57
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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with breech birth is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about breech birth, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to breech birth, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on breech birth. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to breech birth, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on breech birth. The Editors
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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.
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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON BREECH BIRTH Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on breech birth.
Federally Funded Research on Breech Birth The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to breech birth. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to breech birth. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore breech birth.
The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3
Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text 2
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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with breech birth, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for breech birth (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •
A breech birth via Ma Bell. Author(s): O'Connor S. Source: The Birth Gazette. 1996 Summer; 12(3): 46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9015971
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A meta-analysis of infant outcomes after breech delivery. Author(s): Gifford DS, Morton SC, Fiske M, Kahn K. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 June; 85(6): 1047-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7770253
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A survey of pregnant women's attitude towards breech delivery and external cephalic version. Author(s): Leung TY, Lau TK, Lo KW, Rogers MS. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000 August; 40(3): 253-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11065030
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ACOG committee opinion. Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Number 265, December 2001. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Author(s): Committee on Obstetric Practice. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2002 April; 77(1): 65-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12053896
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ACOG committee opinion: number 265, December 2001. Mode of term single breech delivery. Author(s): Committee on Obstetric Practice. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 December; 98(6): 1189-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11755586
journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.
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Antenatal ultrasonography for breech delivery. Author(s): Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000166 Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2000 January; 68(1): 7-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11279680
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Any room left for disagreement about assisting breech births at term? Author(s): Lumley J. Source: Lancet. 2000 October 21; 356(9239): 1369-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11052572
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Are intrapartum and neonatal deaths in breech delivery at term potentially avoidable?--a blinded controlled audit. Author(s): Krebs L, Langhoff-Roos J, Bodker B. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2002; 30(3): 220-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12122903
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Arrest of the after-coming head in breech birth caused by chin-to-pubis rotation. Author(s): Gerber AH. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1971 February 1; 109(3): 418-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5549184
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Assisted breech delivery, is the art fading? Author(s): Akinola SE, Archibong EI, Bhawani KP, Sobande AA. Source: Saudi Med J. 2002 April; 23(4): 423-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11953768
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Breech birth a serious matter. Author(s): Hall V. Source: Midwifery Today Childbirth Educ. 1993 Spring; (25): 8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8319044
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Breech birth at term: vaginal delivery or elective cesarean section? A systematic review of the literature by a Norwegian review team. Author(s): Haheim LL, Albrechtsen S, Berge LN, Bordahl PE, Egeland T, Henriksen T, OIan P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 February; 83(2): 126-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14756727
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Breech births at term revisited: new contributions from Finland and Norway. Author(s): Bergsjo P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 February; 83(2): 121-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14756725
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Breech births in twin pregnancy: an analysis of Apgar score and perinatal mortality from a Nigerian sample. Author(s): Fakeye O. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1988 August; 27(1): 11-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2905285
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Breech delivery and epidural analgesia. Author(s): Smedstad KG, Morison DH. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992 September; 99(9): 782-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1420024
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Breech delivery and epidural analgesia. Author(s): Shah PN, Moolgaoker AS. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992 September; 99(9): 781-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1420023
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Breech delivery and epidural analgesia. Author(s): Chadha YC, Mahmood TA, Dick MJ, Smith NC, Campbell DM, Templeton A. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1992 February; 99(2): 96-100. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1294064
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Breech delivery and foetal outcome: a review of 291 cases. Author(s): Mekbib TA. Source: Ethiop Med J. 1995 July; 33(3): 175-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7588656
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Breech delivery at term in Denmark, 1982-92: a population-based case-control study. Author(s): Krebs L, Langhoff-Roos J. Source: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 1999 October; 13(4): 431-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10563362
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Breech delivery at term: a critical review of the literature. Author(s): Pollard JK, Bernstein IM, Cherouny PH. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 March; 83(3): 478-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8135964
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Breech delivery at term: a critical review of the literature. Author(s): Cheng M, Hannah M. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 October; 82(4 Pt 1): 605-18. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8377990
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Breech delivery in a Middle East hospital. Author(s): Vaclavinkova V. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1989 November; 30(3): 241-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2575050
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Breech delivery in very preterm and very low birthweight infants in The Netherlands. Author(s): Gravenhorst JB, Schreuder AM, Veen S, Brand R, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Verweij RA, van Zeben-van der Aa DM, Ens-Dokkum MH. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1993 May; 100(5): 411-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8518238
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Breech delivery of infants weighing more than 2000 grams: a case controlled retrospective analysis of 751 patients. Author(s): Mahomed K, Seeras R, Coulson R. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1990 June; 32(2): 111-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1972095
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Breech delivery of the second twin. Author(s): Escamilla JO. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 September; 175(3 Pt 1): 750-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8828448
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Breech delivery protocol. Author(s): Escamilla JO. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 May; 178(5): 1104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9609594
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Breech delivery. Author(s): Mukhopadhyay S, Arulkumaran S. Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 February; 16(1): 31-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11866495
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Breech delivery: the value of X-ray pelvimetry. Author(s): Fait G, Daniel Y, Lessing JB, Bar-Am A, Gull I, Kupferminc MJ. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1998 May; 78(1): 1-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9605440
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Caesarean section and breech delivery. Old question--new answers. Author(s): Hickl EJ. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 19(4): 271. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1294349
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Caesarean section delivery on registrar experience in vaginal breech delivery. Author(s): Molloy D. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999 November; 39(4): 524. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10687786
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Can the fetal-pelvic index predict fetal-pelvic disproportion during vaginal breech delivery? Author(s): Al-lakkany NS, Badawy AM, Bassiouni BA. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 March; 22(2): 140-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12521693
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Changes in obstetric care in breech births. Author(s): Stephenson JA. Source: J R Coll Gen Pract. 1986 August; 36(289): 385. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3735232
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Complications following arrest of the aftercoming head in breech delivery. Author(s): Sharma M, Uprety D, Jha M. Source: Trop Doct. 2003 April; 33(2): 104-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12680547
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Congenital central nervous system abnormalities, idiopathic hypopituitarism and breech delivery: what is the connection? Author(s): Maghnie M, Larizza D, Zuliani I, Severi F. Source: European Journal of Pediatrics. 1993 February; 152(2): 175. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8444232
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Emergency symphysiotomy for the trapped head in breech delivery: indications, limitations and method. Author(s): Pust RE, Hirschler RA, Lennox CE. Source: Trop Doct. 1992 April; 22(2): 71-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1604718
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Experience with external cephalic version and selective vaginal breech delivery in private practice. Author(s): Cook HA. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993 June; 168(6 Pt 1): 1886-9; Discussion 1889-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8317537
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Extremely preterm vaginal breech delivery en caul. Author(s): Richmond JR, Morin L, Benjamin A. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 99(6): 1025-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12052593
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Femur fracture during cesarean breech delivery. Author(s): Awwad JT, Nahhas DE, Karam KS. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1993 December; 43(3): 324-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7907046
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Hypopituitarism and stalk agenesis: a congenital syndrome worsened by breech delivery? Author(s): Maghnie M, Larizza D, Triulzi F, Sampaolo P, Scotti G, Severi F. Source: Hormone Research. 1991; 35(3-4): 104-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806462
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Influence of elective cesarean section and breech delivery on neonatal neurological condition. Author(s): Otamiri G, Berg G, Ledin T, Leijon I, Nilsson B. Source: Early Human Development. 1990 June; 23(1): 53-66. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2209475
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Lipid peroxidation in umbilical arterial blood at birth: the effects of breech delivery. Author(s): Kaya H, Oral B, Dittrich R, Ozkaya O. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2000 August; 107(8): 982-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10955429
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McRoberts maneuver for the management of the aftercoming head in breech delivery. Author(s): Shushan A, Younis JS. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1992; 34(3): 188-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1427423
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Midwives and breech births. Author(s): Cronk M. Source: Pract Midwife. 1998 July-August; 1(7-8): 44-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10392150
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Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Author(s): Apuzzio J, Iffy L, Weiss G. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 99(6): 1131; Author Reply 1131-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12052612
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Nitroglycerin for fetal head entrapment during vaginal breech delivery? Author(s): Mercier FJ, Benhamou D. Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1995 September; 81(3): 654-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7653843
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Normalizing the breech delivery. Author(s): Halta VE. Source: Midwifery Today Childbirth Educ. 1996 Summer; (38): 22-4, 41. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8826380
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Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. Author(s): Al-Qattan MM. Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2003 September; 51(3): 257-64; Discussion 265. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12966236
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Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. A different pattern of injury. Author(s): Geutjens G, Gilbert A, Helsen K. Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 1996 March; 78(2): 303-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8666647
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Optic nerve hypoplasia with posterior pituitary ectopia: male predominance and nonassociation with breech delivery. Author(s): Brodsky MC. Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1999 February; 127(2): 238-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10030584
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Hall MH, Lang GD, Campbell DM. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1993 March 13; 306(6879): 718. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8329028
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Cleary R. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 December 12; 305(6867): 1499-500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1493410
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): MacKenzie IZ, Jefferies M. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 December 12; 305(6867): 1499. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1493409
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Bingham P, Lilford R. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 December 12; 305(6867): 1500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1303656
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Paterson-Brown S, Fisk NM. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 October 31; 305(6861): 1091; Author Reply 1092. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1467697
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Cardozo LD, Kelleher CJ. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 October 31; 305(6861): 1090-1; Author Reply 1092. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1467696
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Kingdom J, Murphy K. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 October 31; 305(6861): 1090; Author Reply 1092. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1467695
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Deans AC, Allman AC, Steer PJ. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 October 31; 305(6861): 1091; Author Reply 1092. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1298255
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Outcome of breech delivery at term. Author(s): Thorpe-Beeston JG, Banfield PJ, Saunders NJ. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1992 September 26; 305(6856): 746-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1422330
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Pelvimetry and breech delivery at term. Author(s): Walkinshaw SA. Source: Lancet. 1997 December 20-27; 350(9094): 1791-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9428246
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Perinatal mortality in breech delivery. Author(s): Nkata M. Source: Trop Doct. 2001 October; 31(4): 222-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11676063
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Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery. Author(s): Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (3): Cd000166. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12917886
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Planned Caesarean section for term breech delivery. Author(s): Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (1): Cd000166. Review. Update In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11279680
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Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery. Author(s): Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2): Cd000166. Review. Update In: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10796165
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Precipitous breech delivery of twins. Author(s): Apfelbaum JD, Colwell CB, Roe EJ 3rd. Source: Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000 January-March; 4(1): 78-81. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10634290
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Pregnancy outcomes by mode of delivery among term breech births: Swedish experience 1987-1993. Author(s): Roman J, Bakos O, Cnattingius S. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998 December; 92(6): 945-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9840555
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Preterm breech delivery in a developing country. Author(s): Malhotra D, Gopalan S, Narang A. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1994 April; 45(1): 27-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7913055
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Radiological case of the month. Transsection of the spinal cord associated with breech delivery. Author(s): DiMario FJ Jr, Wood BP. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1992 March; 146(3): 351-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1543185
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Recent trends in breech delivery in the Netherlands. Author(s): Molkenboer JF, Bouckaert PX, Roumen FJ. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 October; 110(10): 948-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14550366
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Registrar experience in vaginal breech delivery. How much is occurring? Author(s): Robson S, Ramsay B, Chandler K. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999 May; 39(2): 215-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10755783
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Route of breech delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Author(s): Sanchez-Ramos L, Wells TL, Adair CD, Arcelin G, Kaunitz AM, Wells DS. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 April; 73(1): 7-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11336715
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Safety of term vaginal breech delivery. Author(s): Roumen FJ, Luyben AG. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1991 July 25; 40(3): 171-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1879592
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Singleton vaginal breech delivery at term: still a safe option. Author(s): Alarab M, Regan C, O'Connell MP, Keane DP, O'Herlihy C, Foley ME. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 March; 103(3): 407-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14990399
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Small fetal size: a risk factor for breech birth at term. Author(s): Roberts CL, Algert CS, Peat B, Henderson-Smart D. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 October; 67(1): 1-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10576233
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Stay in the humble: a double footling breech birth. Author(s): Cameron C, Ribas K. Source: Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 1999 Winter; (52): 36-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11051984
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Teaching infrequently used skills: vaginal breech delivery. Author(s): Queenan JT. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 March; 103(3): 405-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14990398
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Teaching vaginal breech delivery and external cephalic version. A survey of faculty attitudes. Author(s): Lavin JP Jr, Eaton J, Hopkins M. Source: J Reprod Med. 2000 October; 45(10): 808-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11077628
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Term breech and long-term morbidity -- cesarean section versus vaginal breech delivery. Author(s): Munstedt K, von Georgi R, Reucher S, Zygmunt M, Lang U. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 June; 96(2): 163-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11384800
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Term breech birth in New South Wales, 1990-1997. Author(s): Roberts CL, Peat B, Algert CS, Henderson-Smart D. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000 February; 40(1): 23-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10870774
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Term breech delivery: does X-ray pelvimetry help? Author(s): Biswas A, Johnstone MJ. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1993 May; 33(2): 150-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8216113
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The preterm breech delivery in Zaria, northern Nigeria. Author(s): Emembolu J. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1992 August; 38(4): 287-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1358686
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The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging for the management of breech delivery. Author(s): Berger R, Sawodny E, Bachmann G, Herrmann S, Kunzel W. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1994 June 15; 55(2): 97-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7958156
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The 'Term Breech Trial': findings of this major international study leave a question mark over midwives' role in breech delivery. Author(s): Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA; Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Source: Midwifery. 2001 March; 17(1): 74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11207107
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The term, singleton, vaginal breech delivery controversy. Author(s): Lockwood CJ. Source: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002 August;12(2):75-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12420835
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Uterine tocolysis at cesarean breech delivery with epidural anesthesia. Author(s): Ezra Y, Wade C, Rolbin SH, Farine D. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 July; 47(7): 555-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12170532
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Vaginal breech delivery and perinatal mortality in twins. Author(s): Roopnarinesingh AJ, Sirjusingh A, Bassaw B, Roopnarinesingh S. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 May; 22(3): 291-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12521502
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Vaginal breech delivery in the 1990s. Author(s): Weiner CP. Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1992 September; 35(3): 559-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1521385
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Vaginal breech delivery is no longer justified. Author(s): Vidaeff AC, Yeomans ER. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 November; 100(5 Pt 1): 1038; Author Reply 1038-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12423872
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Vaginal breech delivery is no longer justified. Author(s): Burkman RT. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 November; 100(5 Pt 1): 1038; Author Reply 1038-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12423871
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Vaginal breech delivery is no longer justified. Author(s): Greene MF. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 99(6): 1113-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12052607
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Vaginal breech delivery is still justified. Author(s): Hauth JC, Cunningham FG. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 June; 99(6): 1115-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12052608
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Vaginal breech delivery or a third cesarean section for intrauterine fetal demise. Author(s): Al Nuaim LA, Mustafa MS. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1996 February; 52(2): 183-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8855102
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Vaginal breech delivery: a five-year prospective evaluation of a protocol using computed tomographic pelvimetry. Author(s): Christian SS, Brady K, Read JA, Kopelman JN. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 September; 163(3): 848-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2403165
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Vaginal breech delivery: is it still an option? Author(s): Hellsten C, Lindqvist PG, Olofsson P. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 December 10; 111(2): 122-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14597238
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Vaginal breech delivery: will it disappear forever from the delivery room? Author(s): Fylstra DL. Source: J S C Med Assoc. 2001 September; 97(9): 376-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11584495
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Vaginal delivery compared with caesarean section in early preterm breech delivery: a comparison of long term outcome. Author(s): Wolf H, Schaap AH, Bruinse HW, Smolders-de Haas H, van Ertbruggen I, Treffers PE. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1999 May; 106(5): 486-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10430200
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Vaginal term breech delivery--a time for reappraisal? Author(s): Halmesmaki E. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 March; 80(3): 187-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11207482
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Variation in vaginal breech delivery rates by hospital type. Author(s): Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD000166 Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001 March; 97(3): 385-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12917886
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CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND BREECH BIRTH Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to breech birth. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to breech birth and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to breech birth: •
A disappearing art: vaginal breech birth. Author(s): Reed B. Source: Pract Midwife. 2003 October; 6(9): 16-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14618884
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American childbirth educators in China: a transcultural exchange. Author(s): Williamson D, Foster JC. Source: Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 1982 September-October; 27(5): 15-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6922162
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External cephalic version as an alternative to breech delivery and cesarean section. Author(s): Jordan B.
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Source: Social Science & Medicine (1982). 1984; 18(8): 637-51. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6374911 •
Fetal acoustic stimulation, an adjunct to external cephalic version: a blinded, randomized crossover study. Author(s): Johnson RL, Elliott JP. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 November; 173(5): 136972. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7503169
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Home breech birth. Author(s): Culpin E, Odent M. Source: Pract Midwife. 2003 January; 6(1): 10-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12599965
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Instinctual breech birth. Author(s): Morningstar S. Source: Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2003 Winter; (68): 52-5. English, Spanish. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14730864
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Long bone fractures in extreme low birth weight infants at birth: obstetrical considerations. Author(s): Garcia Garcia IE, de la Vega A, Garcia Fragoso L. Source: P R Health Sci J. 2002 September; 21(3): 253-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12243117
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Marion's message. Making the best of the birth environment. Author(s): McLean MT. Source: Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2003 Summer; (66): 7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12848027
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Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: a randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Cardini F, Weixin H. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998 November 11; 280(18): 1580-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9820259
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Outcome of 306 twin deliveries according to first twin presentation and method of delivery. Author(s): Grisaru D, Fuchs S, Kupferminc MJ, Har-Toov J, Niv J, Lessing JB.
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Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 2000; 17(6): 303-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11144312 •
Preterm singleton breech in North Jordan: vaginal versus abdominal delivery. Author(s): Ziadeh S, Abu-Heija AT, El-Sunna E, El-Jallad MF, Shatnawi A, Obeidat A. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1997; 44(3): 169-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9359642
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Vaginal birth following unmonitored labor in patients with prior cesarean section. Author(s): Zorlu CG, Danisman N, Caglar T, Turan C, Isik AZ, Kaleli B, Gokmen O. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1996; 42(4): 222-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8979091
Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •
Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/
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AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats
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Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/
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drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html
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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm
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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/
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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/
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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine
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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/
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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/
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WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs
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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html
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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/
General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html.
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This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.
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CHAPTER 3. BOOKS ON BREECH BIRTH Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to breech birth. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on breech birth include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.
Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on breech birth: •
What We Told Our Kids About Sex Contact: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 111 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10003, (212) 614-3000. Summary: Written for parents, this monograph explains both bodily sexual changes at puberty and sexual intercourse. It also discusses pregnancy and childbirth, (including natural childbirth, Cesarean section, and breech birth), sex outside of marriage, and prostitution. Coverage of Sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) includes herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Contraceptives are reviewed and other forms of sexuality, such as homosexuality, are introduced. Sexrelated crimes are also covered. The monograph closes with a glossary of terms. The material is presented from a morally neutral standpoint and emphasizes the need to provide children with sex information at an early age.
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CHAPTER 4. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON BREECH BIRTH Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover breech birth.
News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on breech birth is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to breech birth. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “breech birth” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for breech birth: •
Vaginal breech birth safe in selected cases Source: Reuters Medical News Date: February 10, 2003
•
Term breech births benefit from elective C-section delivery Source: Reuters Medical News Date: January 01, 1999
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Breech Birth
The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “breech birth” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to breech birth, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “breech birth” (or synonyms).
Academic Periodicals covering Breech Birth Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to breech birth. In addition to
Periodicals and News
27
these sources, you can search for articles covering breech birth that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”
29
APPENDICES
31
APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.
NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute4: •
Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm
•
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/
•
National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html
•
National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25
•
National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm
•
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm
•
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375
•
National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/
4
These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.
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•
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm
•
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/
•
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm
•
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm
•
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
•
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/
•
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm
•
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html
•
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm
•
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm
•
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm
•
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html
•
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm
•
Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp
•
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/
•
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp
•
Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html
•
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm
Physician Resources
33
NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.5 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:6 •
Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html
•
HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html
•
NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html
•
Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
•
Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html
•
Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html
•
Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/
•
Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html
•
Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html
•
Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html
•
MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html
Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 6 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 5
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•
Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html
•
Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway7
The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.8 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total
Items Found 1211 44 763 10 16 2044
HSTAT9 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.10 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.11 Simply search by “breech birth” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.
Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 9 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 10 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 11 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 7 8
Physician Resources
35
Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists12 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.13 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.14 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.
Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •
CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.
•
Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.
Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 14 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 12
13
37
APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on breech birth can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.
Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to breech birth. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to breech birth. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “breech birth”:
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Breech Birth
Birth Defects http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/birthdefects.html High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html Infections and Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectionsandpregnancy.html Premature Babies http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prematurebabies.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to breech birth. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •
AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats
•
Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm
•
Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/
•
Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html
•
Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/
•
Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/
•
WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics
Patient Resources
39
Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to breech birth. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with breech birth. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about breech birth. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “breech birth” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “breech birth”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “breech birth” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.
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Breech Birth
The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “breech birth” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”
41
APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.
Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.15
Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.
Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of
15
Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.
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Breech Birth
libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)16: •
Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/
•
Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)
•
Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm
•
California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html
•
California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html
•
California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html
•
California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)
•
California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/
•
California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp
•
California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html
•
California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/
•
California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/
•
California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/
•
California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html
•
California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/
•
Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/
•
Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/
•
Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/
16
Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.
Finding Medical Libraries
43
•
Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml
•
Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm
•
Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html
•
Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm
•
Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp
•
Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/
•
Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm
•
Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html
•
Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/
•
Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm
•
Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/
•
Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/
•
Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/
•
Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm
•
Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html
•
Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm
•
Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/
•
Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/
•
Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10
•
Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/
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•
Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html
•
Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp
•
Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp
•
Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/
•
Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html
•
Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm
•
Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp
•
Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/
•
Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html
•
Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/
•
Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm
•
Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/
•
Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html
•
Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm
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Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330
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Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)
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National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html
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National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/
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National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/
Finding Medical Libraries
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•
Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm
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New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/
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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm
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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm
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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/
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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html
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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/
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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html
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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/
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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm
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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp
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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/
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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/
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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml
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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html
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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html
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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml
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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp
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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm
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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/
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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp
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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/
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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/
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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72
47
ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •
ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html
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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp
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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/
•
Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html
•
On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/
•
Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp
•
Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm
Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on breech birth: •
Basic Guidelines for Breech Birth Potter syndrome Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001268.htm
•
Diagnostics and Tests for Breech Birth Flat plate Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003815.htm Heart rate Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003399.htm
•
Surgery and Procedures for Breech Birth Cesarean section Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002911.htm C-section Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002911.htm
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Episiotomy Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002920.htm •
Background Topics for Breech Birth Gestational age Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002367.htm Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm
Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •
Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical
•
MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html
•
Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/
•
Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine
49
BREECH BIRTH DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Ablation: The removal of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Acoustic: Having to do with sound or hearing. [NIH] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Agenesis: Lack of complete or normal development; congenital absence of an organ or part. [NIH]
Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Axilla: The underarm or armpit. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Brachial: All the nerves from the arm are ripped from the spinal cord. [NIH] Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Caudal: Denoting a position more toward the cauda, or tail, than some specified point of reference; same as inferior, in human anatomy. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are
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made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cesarean Section: Extraction of the fetus by means of abdominal hysterotomy. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such
Dictionary 51
as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Cor: The muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. c. adiposum a heart that has undergone fatty degeneration or that has an accumulation of fat around it; called also fat or fatty, heart. c. arteriosum the left side of the heart, so called because it contains oxygenated (arterial) blood. c. biloculare a congenital anomaly characterized by failure of formation of the atrial and ventricular septums, the heart having only two chambers, a single atrium and a single ventricle, and a common atrioventricular valve. c. bovinum (L. 'ox heart') a greatly enlarged heart due to a hypertrophied left ventricle; called also c. taurinum and bucardia. c. dextrum (L. 'right heart') the right atrium and ventricle. c. hirsutum, c. villosum. c. mobile (obs.) an abnormally movable heart. c. pendulum a heart so movable that it seems to be hanging by the great blood vessels. c. pseudotriloculare biatriatum a congenital cardiac anomaly in which the heart functions as a three-chambered heart because of tricuspid atresia, the right ventricle being extremely small or rudimentary and the right atrium greatly dilated. Blood passes from the right to the left atrium and thence disease due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to disease of the lung, or its blood vessels, with hypertrophy of the right ventricle. [EU] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]
Epidural: The space between the wall of the spinal canal and the covering of the spinal cord. An epidural injection is given into this space. [NIH] Extremity: A limb; an arm or leg (membrum); sometimes applied specifically to a hand or foot. [EU] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling
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reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Foetal: Of or pertaining to a fetus; pertaining to in utero development after the embryonic period. [EU] Foramen: A natural hole of perforation, especially one in a bone. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]
Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gonorrhea: Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Herpes Zoster: Acute vesicular inflammation. [NIH] Homosexuality: Sexual attraction or relationship between members of the same sex. [NIH] Hormones: Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects. [NIH] Hypopituitarism: Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FSH; somatotropin; and corticotropin). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory pituitary neoplasms, metastatic tumors, infarction, pituitary apoplexy, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. [NIH] Hypoplasia: Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. [EU] Hysterotomy: An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]
Immunodeficiency: The decreased ability of the body to fight infection and disease. [NIH] Immunodeficiency syndrome: The inability of the body to produce an immune response. [NIH]
Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be
Dictionary 53
clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]
Innervation: 1. The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. [EU] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]
Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the face constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Meta-Analysis: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine. [NIH] Metastatic: Having to do with metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Natural Childbirth: Psychophysical relaxation techniques that are used to facilitate childbirth. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neonatal: Pertaining to the first four weeks after birth. [EU]
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Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH] Nerve Fibers: Slender processes of neurons, especially the prolonged axons that conduct nerve impulses. [NIH] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Palsy: Disease of the peripheral nervous system occurring usually after many years of increased lead absorption. [NIH] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Partnership Practice: A voluntary contract between two or more doctors who may or may not share responsibility for the care of patients, with proportional sharing of profits and losses. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvimetry: Measurement of the dimensions and capacity of the pelvis. It includes cephalopelvimetry (measurement of fetal head size in relation to maternal pelvic capacity), a prognostic guide to the management of labor associated with disproportion. [NIH] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Peripheral Nervous System: The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Pituitary Apoplexy: Sudden hemorrhage or ischemic necrosis involving the pituitary gland which may be associated with acute visual loss, severe headache, meningeal signs, cranial nerve palsies, panhypopituitarism, and rarely coma. The most common cause is hemorrhage (intracranial hemorrhages) related to a pituitary adenoma. Ischemia, meningitis, intracranial hypertension, and other disorders may be associated with this condition. [NIH] Pituitary Gland: A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica tissue. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. [NIH] Pituitary Neoplasms: Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the pituitary gland. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (adenoma, basophil; adenoma, acidophil; and adenoma, chromophobe). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the hypothalamus, several cranial nerves, and the optic chiasm. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal hemianopsia. [NIH]
Dictionary 55
Plexus: A network or tangle; a general term for a network of lymphatic vessels, nerves, or veins. [EU] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Private Practice: Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice. [NIH] Prostitution: The practice of indulging in promiscuous sexual relations for money. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Protocol: The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. [NIH] Puberty: The period during which the secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained. [EU] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Relaxation Techniques: The use of muscular relaxation techniques in treatment. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Secretory: Secreting; relating to or influencing secretion or the secretions. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the
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one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Somatotropin: A small peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary under hypothalamic control. Somatotropin, or growth hormone, stimulates mitosis, cell growth, and, for some cell types, differentiation in many tissues of the body. It has profound effects on many aspects of gene expression and metabolism. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spirochete: Lyme disease. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Symphysis: A secondary cartilaginous joint. [NIH] Syphilis: A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. [NIH]
Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thoracic: Having to do with the chest. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tocolysis: Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit uterine contractions in pregnant women at risk for preterm labor. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Urogenital: Pertaining to the urinary and genital apparatus; genitourinary. [EU] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Venereal: Pertaining or related to or transmitted by sexual contact. [EU] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH]
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INDEX A Abdominal, 21, 49, 50, 54 Ablation, 49, 52 Acoustic, 20, 49 Adverse Effect, 49, 55 Agenesis, 9, 49 Algorithms, 49 Alternative medicine, 26, 49 Anatomical, 49, 50 Anesthesia, 10, 15, 49 Arterial, 9, 49, 51, 55 Arteries, 49, 51, 53 Artery, 49, 51 Axilla, 49 B Biotechnology, 3, 26, 33, 49 Brachial, 10, 49 Brachial Plexus, 10, 49 C Caesarean section, 8, 12, 17, 49 Caudal, 49, 55 Cell, 49, 50, 53, 56 Central Nervous System, 8, 50 Cervical, 49, 50 Cesarean Section, 5, 9, 14, 16, 19, 21, 50 Chin, 5, 50, 53 Clinical trial, 3, 33, 50, 55 Cloning, 49, 50 Complement, 50 Complementary and alternative medicine, 19, 21, 50 Complementary medicine, 19, 50 Computational Biology, 33, 51 Contraindications, ii, 51 Cor, 51, 52 Coronary, 51, 53 Coronary Thrombosis, 51, 53 Curative, 51, 56 D Diagnostic procedure, 26, 51 Direct, iii, 51, 55 Dorsal, 51, 55 Drug Interactions, 51 E Elective, 5, 9, 25, 51 Environmental Health, 32, 34, 51 Epidural, 6, 15, 51 Extremity, 49, 51
F Family Planning, 33, 51 Fetus, 50, 52 Foetal, 6, 52 Foramen, 50, 52 G Gallbladder, 49, 52 Gene, 49, 52, 56 Gestation, 52, 54 Gonorrhea, 23, 52 Governing Board, 52, 55 H Herpes, 23, 52 Herpes Zoster, 52 Homosexuality, 23, 52 Hormones, 52, 55 Hypopituitarism, 8, 9, 52 Hypoplasia, 10, 52 Hysterotomy, 50, 52 I Idiopathic, 8, 52 Immune response, 52 Immunodeficiency, 23, 52 Immunodeficiency syndrome, 23, 52 Incision, 49, 52, 53 Infarction, 51, 52, 53 Infection, 52 Innervation, 49, 53 Intestines, 49, 53 Invasive, 53 K Kb, 32, 53 L Liver, 49, 52, 53 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 15, 53 Mandible, 50, 53 MEDLINE, 33, 53 Meninges, 50, 53 Mental, iv, 3, 32, 34, 50, 53 Meta-Analysis, 4, 53 Metastatic, 52, 53 MI, 48, 53 Molecular, 33, 35, 49, 51, 53 Myocardium, 53 N Natural Childbirth, 23, 53 Necrosis, 52, 53, 54
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Breech birth
Neonatal, 5, 9, 13, 15, 53 Nerve, 10, 49, 50, 53, 54 Nerve Fibers, 49, 54 Nervous System, 50, 54 Nuclei, 53, 54 P Palliative, 54, 56 Palsy, 10, 54 Pancreas, 49, 54 Partnership Practice, 54, 55 Pelvic, 8, 54 Pelvimetry, 8, 12, 15, 16, 54 Pelvis, 54 Perinatal, 5, 6, 12, 15, 54 Peripheral Nervous System, 54 Pharmacologic, 49, 54, 56 Pituitary Apoplexy, 52, 54 Pituitary Gland, 52, 54 Pituitary Neoplasms, 52, 54 Plexus, 49, 55 Pneumonia, 51, 55 Posterior, 10, 51, 54, 55 Practice Guidelines, 34, 55 Private Practice, 9, 55 Prostitution, 23, 55 Protein S, 49, 55 Protocol, 7, 16, 55 Puberty, 23, 55 Public Policy, 33, 55 R Radiation, 52, 55 Randomized, 20, 55 Refer, 1, 50, 52, 55 Relaxation Techniques, 53, 55 Retrospective, 7, 55
Risk factor, 14, 55 S Screening, 50, 55 Secretion, 52, 55 Secretory, 52, 55 Sex Characteristics, 55 Side effect, 49, 55, 56 Somatotropin, 52, 56 Specialist, 39, 56 Spinal cord, 13, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56 Spirochete, 56 Stomach, 49, 53, 56 Symphysis, 50, 56 Syphilis, 23, 56 T Therapeutics, 56 Thoracic, 49, 56 Tissue, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 Tocolysis, 15, 56 Toxic, iv, 56 Toxicity, 51, 56 Toxicology, 34, 56 Transfection, 49, 56 U Ultrasonography, 5, 56 Urogenital, 52, 56 Uterine Contraction, 56 V Vagina, 52, 56 Vaginal, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 56 Venereal, 56 Vertebrae, 56 Veterinary Medicine, 33, 56
59
60
Breech birth
