Dermatitis Herpetiformis - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS A 3-IN-1 MEDICAL REFERENCE Medical Dictionary Bibliography & Annotated Research Guide TO I NTERNET

R EFERENCES

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ”2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ”2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Dermatitis Herpetiformis: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00348-1 1. Dermatitis Herpetiformis-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on dermatitis herpetiformis. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications.

Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ................................................................... 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 The Combined Health Information Database................................................................................. 3 Federally Funded Research on Dermatitis Herpetiformis.............................................................. 6 E-Journals: PubMed Central ......................................................................................................... 8 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ......................................................... 51 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 51 Finding Nutrition Studies on Dermatitis Herpetiformis............................................................. 51 Federal Resources on Nutrition ................................................................................................... 52 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ................................... 55 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 55 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 55 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 57 General References ....................................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ................................................................ 59 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 59 Patent Applications on Dermatitis Herpetiformis ....................................................................... 59 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS ................................................................... 63 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 63 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies.............................................................................................. 63 Chapters on Dermatitis Herpetiformis......................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS...................................... 65 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 65 News Services and Press Releases................................................................................................ 65 Newsletters on Dermatitis Herpetiformis.................................................................................... 67 Newsletter Articles ...................................................................................................................... 67 Academic Periodicals covering Dermatitis Herpetiformis ........................................................... 68 CHAPTER 7. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................... 69 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 69 U.S. Pharmacopeia....................................................................................................................... 69 Commercial Databases ................................................................................................................. 70 Researching Orphan Drugs ......................................................................................................... 70 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 75 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 75 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 75 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 77 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 81 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 81 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 81 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 84 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 87 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 87 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 87 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 87 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 87

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ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 93 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 93 DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS DICTIONARY.................................................................... 95 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 121

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with dermatitis herpetiformis is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about dermatitis herpetiformis, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to dermatitis herpetiformis, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on dermatitis herpetiformis. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to dermatitis herpetiformis, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on dermatitis herpetiformis. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on dermatitis herpetiformis.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and dermatitis herpetiformis, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: x

Incidence of Familial Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: British Journal of Dermatology. 134(3): 394-398. March 1996. Contact: Available from Blackwell Science, Ltd. Journal Subscriptions, P.O. Box 88, Oxford, England OX2 0NE. Phone (44) 1865 206180. Fax (44) 1865 206219. Summary: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and celiac disease (CD) are gluten sensitive diseases which have a common immunogenetic background, with the histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) alleles DQA1-0501 and B1-0201 in the short arm of chromosome 6. CD is well known to cluster in families whereas DH has not been generally regarded as a familial disease. This article reports on a study undertaken to evaluate the familial incidence of DH. The prospective study was started in 1969 at the Department of

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Dermatology of Helsinki University Hospital and in 1976 at the Department of Dermatology of Tampere University Hospital. A total of 1018 patients with DH were diagnosed and questioned for positive family histories. Of the 999 unrelated DH patients, 105 (10.5 percent) had one or several affected first-degree relatives. The disease in the relatives was either DH (4.4 percent) or CD (6.1 percent). Analysis of the 105 families showed that 13.6 percent of parents, 18.7 percent of siblings, and 14.0 percent of children were affected, a segregation pattern which fits well to a dominant mode of Mendelian inheritance. Gender may also be important because the first-degree relatives affected with DH were more often females and those affected with CD twice as often females as males. In contrast, there were more males among the 105 participants with DH and also among the 894 DH patients with no affected relatives. The author concludes that this study clearly shows that DH is a familial disease. Parents, siblings, and children were almost equally affected in the study group. The frequent occurrence of CD among the first-degree relatives of DH patients comports with the hypothesis that a genetically determined gluten-sensitive enteropathy, i.e. CD, is a prerequisite for the development of DH. 5 tables. 33 references. (AA-M). x

Protective Effect of Gluten-Free Diet Against Development of Lymphoma in Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: British Journal of Dermatology. 134(3): 363-367. September 1996. Contact: Available from Blackwell Science, Ltd. Journal Subscriptions, P.O. Box 88, Oxford, England OX2 0NE. Phone (44) 1865 206180. Fax (44) 1865 206219. Summary: This article reports on a retrospective study of 487 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). The study showed that lymphoma developed in eight patients (the expected incidence being 0.21). All lymphomas occurred in patients whose dermatitis herpetiformis had been controlled without a gluten-free diet (GFD) or in those who had been treated with a GFD for less than 5 years. The results suggest that GFD plays a protective role against lymphoma in DH and give further support for advising patients to adhere to a strict GFD for life. 2 tables. 22 references. (AA-M).

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Diseases Associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: British Journal of Dermatology. 136(3): 315-318. March 1997. Contact: Available from Blackwell Science, Ltd. Journal Subscriptions, P.O. Box 88, Oxford, England OX2 0NE. Phone (44) 1865 206180. Fax (44) 1865 206219. Summary: This article reports on a study of the occurrence of associated diseases in a cohort of 305 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) followed up for a mean of 10 years. The results were compared with those from 383 patients with celiac disease (CD). Twenty-nine (9.5 percent) patients with DH and 73 (19.1 percent) with CD had concomitant endocrine or connective tissue disorders. The following associations were found: autoimmune thyroid disease (4.3 percent of DH patients and 6.0 percent of CD patients), type 1 diabetes (1.0 percent DH and 5.5 percent CD), lupus erythematosus (1.3 percent DH and 0.3 percent CD), Sjogren's syndrome (1.0 percent DH and 2.9 percent CD), sarcoidosis (1.3 percent DH and 1.8 percent CD), and vitiligo or alopecia areata (1.6 percent DH and 0 percent CD). The authors have shown that patients with DH are similar to those with CD in that many have associated endocrine or connective tissue disorders. Most of these diseases began before DH had been diagnosed, suggesting that those on a gluten-free diet are not at special risk of contracting them. 1 table. 26 references. (AA-M).

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Malignancy and Survival in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: A Comparison with Coeliac Disease Source: Gut. Journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology. 38(4): 528-530. April 1996. Contact: Available from British Medical Journal. P.O. Box 408, Franklin, MA 02038. Summary: This article reports on a study that investigated the occurrence of malignancy and the survival of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH); the results were compared with those seen in patients with celiac disease (CD), and the general population. A total of 305 adult patients with DH diagnosed at the University Hospital of Tampere from 1970 to 1992 were studied. Most patients started a gluten free diet and at the end of the study, 93 percent of the patients were adhering to the diet. A control group comprised 383 adult patients with celiac disease; 81 percent of them adhered to a gluten free diet, 6 percent had a normal diet, and in 13 percent the diet history remained unknown. The occurrence of malignant diseases and survival of the patients was assessed up to the end of 1993. The survival of the patients was compared with that of the general population. Thirteen (4.3 percent) patients with DH developed 14 malignant disorders during the followup. A non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurred in four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, significantly more than expected. Thirteen (4.3 percent) patients with DH died during followup, but there was no increased general mortality. In celiac disease, 13 (3.4 percent) patients developed malignancy, 31 (8.1 percent) patients died, but the survival rate did not differ from that in the general population. The authors conclude that the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was significantly increased in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. The results also confirm that the patients with DH treated mainly with a gluten free diet have no increased general mortality. 4 tables. 13 references. (AA-M).

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Living with Dermatitis Herpetiformis: The Ultimate Itch Source: Gluten-Free Living. 5(1): 3. January-February 2000. Contact: Available from Gluten-Free Living. P.O. Box 105, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706. E-mail: [email protected]. Summary: This newsletter article offers suggestions and support for patients with celiac disease who are living with the complication called dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). DH, a hereditary, autoimmune response to dietary gluten, is the skin manifestation of celiac disease (gluten intolerance). It is characterized by an extremely itchy, watery blister or rash found on the limbs, trunk, face and scalp. Scratching further irritates the blisters and can cause scarring. The eruptions are often misdiagnosed and treated as other skin conditions. The author cautions that DH is a chronic, permanent condition and that if it is not treated with a gluten free diet, it may cause gastrointestinal symptoms at a later date whether or not the intestine shows damage initially. The condition is diagnosed by a small skin biopsy at the edge of an eruption. Current treatment for DH is twofold: strict adherence to a gluten free diet and use of medications to relieve the itching and burning of the blisters. The author reviews triggers for DH, including ingested gluten (the obvious trigger), and other substances or triggers such as stress, iodine, some antiinflammatory agents, and other foods. The article concludes by encouraging readers to share their experiences with DH with the newsletter (mail and email addresses are provided).

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Federally Funded Research on Dermatitis Herpetiformis The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to dermatitis herpetiformis. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore dermatitis herpetiformis. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for dermatitis herpetiformis: x

Project Title: DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AND THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSE Principal Investigator & Institution: Hall, Russell P.; Professor and Chair; Medicine; Duke University Durham, Nc 27710 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 01-APR-2001; Project End 31-MAR-2006 Summary: (Verbatim) Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a blistering skin disease characterized by the presence of cutaneous IgA deposits and an associated, almost always asymptomatic, gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE). The critical role of the mucosal immune response (MIR) in DH has been demonstrated by the observation that, despite the lack of clinical symptoms of GSE in the majority of DH patients, the cutaneous manifestations of DH can be controlled by a gluten free diet. The mechanisms that allow for the development of cutaneous IgA deposits and skin disease yet that prevent the development of symptoms of GSE are not known. The purpose of this project is to characterize the MIR in patients with DH in order to determine the factors that prevent the development of clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease yet result in cutaneous deposits of IgA and the development of the cutaneous manifestations of DH. In addition, this project will provide new information regarding factors that may modify and regulate the mucosal immune response to dietary proteins in man and how mucosal inflammation results in inflammatory disease in the skin, joints and other organs. The specific aims of this project are: 1. Determine the antigenic patients with DH and isolated GSE and control subjects using organ culture of specificity and dose response of the T cells in small bowel biopsies from isolated GSE. 2. Characterization of the circulating neutrophils in patient with small bowel biopsies and gliadin peptides, some of which induce disease in DH on gluten containing diets and of the level of cytokine(IL1/TNFa)/chemokine(IL-8) expression in the skin. Skin biopsies from patients with DH from areas predisposed to develop skin lesions (extensor, surfaces) and those areas which normally do not develop skin lesions (upper inner arm) will be analyzed for IL1a, TNF-a, IL-8, and other cyto/chemokine expression during periods of control of the

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Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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skin disease and no skin lesions and during disease activity. Neutrophils will be analyzed during periods when skin lesions are present and not present to assess the level of activation and expression of cell surface molecules which play a role in neutrophil migration 3. Characterization of the CDR3 region of the T cell Vb families expressed in the small bowel biopsies of patients with DH and of patients with isolated symptomatic and asymptomatic GSE. cDNA from the small bowel of patients with DH, patients with isolated symptomatic GSE and patients with isolated, asymptomatic (treated) GSE and patients with non-gluten sensitive intestinal disease will be analyzed by RT-PCR for the evidence of clonality of the T cells in the gut using CDR3 spectrotype analysis and single strand conformational polymorphisms. These studies will provide insights into the pathogenesis of DH and isolated GSE, the relationship between the MIR and the skin and factors important in controlling the mucosal immune response in man. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen x

Project Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CELIAC DISEASE--A POPULATION BASED STUDY Principal Investigator & Institution: Murray, Joseph A.; Professor; Mayo Clinic Coll of Medicine, Rochester 200 1St St Sw Rochester, Mn 55905 Timing: Fiscal Year 2002; Project Start 15-JUL-2000; Project End 30-JUN-2005 Summary: In parts of Europe celiac disease is considered one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases. It has been identified as a cause of significant morbidity and an increased risk of malignancies. Celiac disease is thought to be quite rare in the United States. Because it is thought to be rare, it is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of many common conditions. As general population screening requires a great expenditure of resources it would make sense to study the prevalence of the disease in those groups of people most likely to have it. If it is present in these groups at the same level as has been seen in countries where celiac disease is common then this would justify consideration of more widespread screening. This study aims to examine the prevalence of celiac disease in those thought most at risk: Type one diabetes, family history of celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis; osteoporosis, chronic diarrhea with abdominal pain, and iron deficiency anemia (Specific aim number 1). We will use standardized validated gastrointestinal questionnaires to identify any clinical predictors of the who may have celiac disease (Specific aim number 2). We aim to study whether the HLA associations seen in European populations are unaltered by the more heterogenous population of the US and screen for other predictive HLA genotypes for disease risk in American celiacs (Specific aim number 3). If celiac disease is a common condition, that is undiagnosed, it is important to know what benefit (or detriment) may accrue to the individual when the diagnosis has been made. To study how making the diagnosis of CD as the result of a screening project affects both gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms, the patient's quality of life, and the utilization of health care resources (Specific aim number 4). If this proposal demonstrates that celiac disease is more common than believed, it will provide important insights into who it affects, how to detect the condition or predict risk, while demonstrating a substantial benefit in both relief of suffering, improved functioning and reduced utilization of health care. This will be possible, because the subjects who will be diagnosed with CD will actually live in Olmsted County, and their medical histories and ongoing medical care will be recorded in community medical records accumulated by the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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E-Journals: PubMed Central3 PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).4 Access to this growing archive of e-journals is free and unrestricted.5 To search, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pmc, and type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box. This search gives you access to full-text articles. The following is a sample of items found for dermatitis herpetiformis in the PubMed Central database: x

HL-A8: A Genetic Link between Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy. by Katz SI, Falchuk ZM, Dahl MV, Rogentine GN, Strober W.; 1972 Nov; http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&action=stream&blobt ype=pdf&artid=292449

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.6 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with dermatitis herpetiformis, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for dermatitis herpetiformis (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): x

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A case of dermatitis herpetiformis with IgA endomysial antibodies but negative direct immunofluorescent findings. Author(s): Beutner EH, Baughman RD, Austin BM, Plunkett RW, Binder WL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2000 August; 43(2 Pt 2): 32932. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10901714

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/intro.html.

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With PubMed Central, NCBI is taking the lead in preservation and maintenance of open access to electronic literature, just as NLM has done for decades with printed biomedical literature. PubMed Central aims to become a world-class library of the digital age. 5 The value of PubMed Central, in addition to its role as an archive, lies in the availability of data from diverse sources stored in a common format in a single repository. Many journals already have online publishing operations, and there is a growing tendency to publish material online only, to the exclusion of print. 6

PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A Japanese case of the fibrillar type of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Shimizu K, Hashimoto T, Fukuda T, Watanabe K, Ishiko A, Niizeki H, Shimizu H, Zone JJ, Nishikawa T. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1995; 191(2): 88-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8520073

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A rare case of dermatitis herpetiformis requiring parenteral heparin for long-term control. Author(s): Tan CC, Sale JE, Brammer C, Irons RP, Freeman JG. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1996; 192(2): 185-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8829511

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A subepidermal blistering disease with histopathological features of dermatitis herpetiformis and immunofluorescence characteristics of bullous pemphigoid: a novel subepidermal blistering disease or a variant of bullous pemphigoid? Author(s): Salmhofer W, Kawahara Y, Soyer HP, Kerl H, Nishikawa T, Hashimoto T. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1997 October; 137(4): 599-604. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9390339

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Abnormal liver function tests induced by dapsone in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Author(s): Kirby B, Keaveney A, Brophy D, O'Donoghue D, Rogers S. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1999 July; 141(1): 172-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10417547

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Absence of gluten-specific T lymphocytes in the skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Baker BS, Garioch JJ, Bokth S, Leonard J, Fry L. Source: Journal of Autoimmunity. 1995 February; 8(1): 75-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7734038

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Absence of toxicity of avenin in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hardman C, Fry L, Tatham A, Thomas HJ. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 January 28; 340(4): 321. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9935353

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Absence of toxicity of oats in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Parnell N, Ellis HJ, Ciclitira P. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1998 May 14; 338(20): 1470-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9583980

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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Absence of toxicity of oats in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hardman CM, Garioch JJ, Leonard JN, Thomas HJ, Walker MM, Lortan JE, Lister A, Fry L. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 December 25; 337(26): 1884-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9407155

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Absolute linkage of celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis to HLA-DQ. Author(s): Balas A, Vicario JL, Zambrano A, Acuna D, Garcia-Novo D. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1997 July; 50(1): 52-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9243756

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Acquired cutis laxa with dermatitis herpetiformis and sarcoidosis. Author(s): Lewis FM, Lewis-Jones S, Gipson M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1993 November; 29(5 Pt 2): 846-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8408824

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Adenovirus 12 and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Handley J, O'Neill H, Connolly J, Burrows D. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1993 December; 73(6): 430-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7906454

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Adult coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and smoking. Author(s): Lear JT, English JS, Jones PW. Source: Gut. 1997 February; 40(2): 289. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9071949

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Aggravation of dermatitis herpetiformis by dental fluoride treatments. Author(s): Bovenmyer DA. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1985 April; 12(4): 719-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3989030

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An HLA class II region restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: association with HLA-DP phenotype. Author(s): Hall RP, Ward FE, Wenstrup RJ. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1990 August; 95(2): 172-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1974277

Studies

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Antibodies to E1b protein-derived peptides of enteric adenovirus type 40 are associated with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lahdeaho ML, Parkkonen P, Reunala T, Maki M, Lehtinen M. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1993 December; 69(3): 300-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7694817

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Antibodies to gliadin in adult coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Volta U, Cassani F, De Franchis R, Lenzi M, Primignani M, Agape D, Vecchi M, Bianchi FB, Pisi E. Source: Digestion. 1984; 30(4): 263-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6391982

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Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase as serologic markers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Dieterich W, Laag E, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Reunala T, Karpati S, Zagoni T, Riecken EO, Schuppan D. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999 July; 113(1): 133-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10417632

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Antipeptide antibodies to adenovirus E1b protein indicate enhanced risk of celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lahdeaho ML, Lehtinen M, Rissa HR, Hyoty H, Reunala T, Maki M. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1993; 101(3): 272-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8324388

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Asymptomatic anemia in three men with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Denman SL, Freeman NJ. Source: Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1992 April 15; 27(4): 187, 189-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1560069

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Binding of wheat gliadin in vitro to reticulum in normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin. Author(s): Unsworth DJ, Johnson GD, Haffenden G, Fry L, Holborow EJ. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1981 February; 76(2): 88-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6161972

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Bizarre widespread vesicular eruption. Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). Author(s): Giblin WJ, James WD. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1990 April; 126(4): 527-8, 530-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2321999

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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Bone mass and metabolism in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Di Stefano M, Jorizzo RA, Veneto G, Cecchetti L, Gasbarrini G, Corazza GR. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1999 October; 44(10): 2139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10548369

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Buccal mucosa immunofluorescence in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Harrison PV, Scott DG, Cobden I. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1980 June; 102(6): 687-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7000137

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Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Cohen HJ. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1970 April; 101(4): 485. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5440821

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Bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Ahmed AR, Hameed A. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1993 January-March; 11(1): 47-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8339200

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Bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Histopathologic differentiation of bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Eng AM, Moncada B. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1974 July; 110(1): 51-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4608882

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Bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis: mixed bullous disease or coexistence of two separate entities? Author(s): Sander HM, Utz MM, Peters MS. Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 1989 December; 16(6): 370-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2693505

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Bullous pemphigoid, herpes gestationis and linear dermatitis herpetiformis: circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies; in vitro studies. Author(s): Pehamberger H, Gschnait F, Konrad K, Holubar K. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1980 February; 74(2): 105-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6985947

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Can chemicals precipitate dermatitis herpetiformis? Author(s): Snider RL, Maize JC. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1993 January; 28(1): 111-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8425950

Studies

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Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of individuals hospitalized with celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Askling J, Linet M, Gridley G, Halstensen TS, Ekstrom K, Ekbom A. Source: Gastroenterology. 2002 November; 123(5): 1428-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12404215

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Celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis: the spectrum of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Oxentenko AS, Murray JA. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2003 August; 42(8): 585-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12890099

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Changes in food consumption and its nutritional quality when on a gluten-free diet for dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Bjorkman AC, Mobacken H, Kastrup W, Andersson H. Source: Hum Nutr Appl Nutr. 1985 April; 39(2): 124-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2991172

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Characterization of a subgroup of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis with nonclassical histologic features. Author(s): Warren SJ, Cockerell CJ. Source: The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 2002 August; 24(4): 305-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12142608

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Characterization of circulating and cutaneous IgA immune complexes in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hall RP, Lawley TJ. Source: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1985 September; 135(3): 1760-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4020133

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Characterization of T lymphocyte and monocyte populations in HLA B8/DRw3 normal individuals and in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hall RP, Leiserson WM, Chused TM, Lawley TJ. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1984 March; 82(3): 231-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6230405

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Childhood dermatitis herpetiformis: an unusual presentation. Author(s): Woollons A, Darley CR, Bhogal BS, Black MM, Atherton DJ. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1999 July; 24(4): 283-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10457132

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Circulating autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase differentiate patients with dermatitis herpetiformis from those with linear IgA disease. Author(s): Rose C, Dieterich W, Brocker EB, Schuppan D, Zillikens D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1999 December; 41(6): 95761. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10570380

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Class-specific antibodies to gluten in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lane AT, Huff JC, Zone JJ, Weston WL. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1983 May; 80(5): 402-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6341474

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Clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Younus J, Ahmed AR. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 279-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806214

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Close association of dermatitis herpetiformis and chronic tonsillitis in a Japanese patient without gluten sensitivity. Author(s): Ota M, Sato-Matsumura KC, Matsumura T, Kataura A, Yokota T, Kobayashi K, Shimizu H. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2001 October-November; 81(5): 373-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11800152

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Coeliac-type dental enamel defects in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Aine L, Maki M, Reunala T. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1992; 72(1): 25-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1350136

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Coexistence of dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and ulcerative colitis. Author(s): Malmusi M, Manca V, Girolomoni G. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1994 December; 31(6): 10501. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7962755

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Comparative genetic association of human leukocyte antigen class II and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Wilson AG, Clay FE, Crane AM, Cork MJ, Duff GW. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1995 May; 104(5): 856-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7738367

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Comparison of the intestinal and serum antibody response in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hall RP 3rd, McKenzie KD. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1992 January; 62(1 Pt 1): 33-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1728978

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Concordance of dermatitis herpetiformis and celiac disease in monozygous twins. Author(s): Hervonen K, Karell K, Holopainen P, Collin P, Partanen J, Reunala T. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2000 December; 115(6): 990-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11121131

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Concurrence of lupus erythematosus and dermatitis herpetiformis. A report of nine cases. Author(s): Thomas JR 3rd, Su WP. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1983 September; 119(9): 740-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6614961

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Confocal laser scanning microscopic and immunoelectron microscopic studies of the anatomical distribution of fibrillar IgA deposits in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kawana S, Segawa A. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1993 April; 129(4): 456-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8466215

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Correlation between IgA antiendomysial antibodies and subtotal villous atrophy in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Volta U, Molinaro N, De Franchis R, Forzenigo L, Landoni M, Fratangelo D, Bianchi FB. Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 1992 June; 14(4): 298-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1607605

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Dental enamel defects in children with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Aine L, Reunala T, Maki M. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1991 April; 118(4 ( Pt 1)): 572-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2007934

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Dermatitis herpetiformis and a gluten-free diet. Author(s): Lovett W. Source: American Family Physician. 2003 February 1; 67(3): 470; Author Reply 470. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12588069

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Dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten sensitive enteropathy (including celiac disease)-increased subepithelial extracellular matrix viscosity due to gliadin. Author(s): Stone OJ. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1990 December; 33(4): 283-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2090932

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Dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy in a patient with nodular prurigo. Author(s): Delfino M, Nino M, Delfino G, Cavallaro R, Romano R, Ciacci C. Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : Jeadv. 2002 January; 16(1): 88-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11952305

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Dermatitis herpetiformis and the mucosal immune response. Author(s): Hall RP 3rd. Source: Journal of Autoimmunity. 1991 February; 4(1): 47-58. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2031663

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Dermatitis herpetiformis bodies. Ultrastructural study on the skin of patients using direct preembedding immunogold labeling. Author(s): Karpati S, Meurer M, Stolz W, Schrallhammer K, Krieg T, Braun-Falco O. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1990 November; 126(11): 1469-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2241200

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Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring with palmoplantar keratosis. Author(s): Ohshima Y, Tamada Y, Matsumoto Y, Hashimoto T. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2003 December; 149(6): 1300-2. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14674919

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Dermatitis herpetiformis in a 30-month-old child. Author(s): Medica I, Zmak M, Persic M. Source: Minerva Pediatr. 2003 April; 55(2): 171-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12754462

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Dermatitis herpetiformis in association with lichen planopilaris. Author(s): Moravedge H, Salamat A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002 March; 46(3): 467-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11862193

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Dermatitis herpetiformis in Japan: an update. Author(s): Shibahara M, Nanko H, Shimizu M, Kanda N, Kubo M, Ikeda M, Matsumoto M, Nonaka S, Shimizu H. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 2002; 204(1): 37-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11834848

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Dermatitis herpetiformis in monozygous twins--concordance for dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Anstey A, Wilkinson JD, Walshe MM. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1991 January; 16(1): 51-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2025937

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Dermatitis herpetiformis with flame figures mimicking an arthropod bite. Author(s): Rose C, Brocker EB, Krahl D. Source: The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 2003 June; 25(3): 277-8; Author Reply 278. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12775996

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Dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Otley C, Hall RP 3rd. Source: Dermatologic Clinics. 1990 October; 8(4): 759-69. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2249367

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Dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kosann MK. Source: Dermatology Online Journal [electronic Resource]. 2003 October; 9(4): 8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14594581

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Dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Nicolas ME, Krause PK, Gibson LE, Murray JA. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 2003 August; 42(8): 588-600. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12890100

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Dermatitis herpetiformis. Atlas. Author(s): Witkowski JA, Parish LC, Imber MJ. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 283-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806215

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Dermatitis herpetiformis: gastrointestinal association. Author(s): Galvez L, Falchuk ZM. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 325-33. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806219

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Dermatitis herpetiformis: problems, progress and prospects. Author(s): Fry L. Source: European Journal of Dermatology : Ejd. 2002 November-December; 12(6): 52331. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12459520

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Dermatitis herpetiformis: should direct immunofluorescence be the only diagnostic criterion? Author(s): Sousa L, Bajanca R, Cabral J, Fiadeiro T. Source: Pediatric Dermatology. 2002 July-August; 19(4): 336-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12220281

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Distinct TCR delta repertoires are present in the cutaneous lesions and inflamed duodenum of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Holtmeier W, Pfander M, Zollner TM, Kaufmann R, Caspary WF. Source: Experimental Dermatology. 2002 December; 11(6): 527-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12473060

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Effect of gluten-free diet on dermatological, intestinal, and haematological manifestations of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fry L, McMinn RM, Cowan JD, Hoffbrand AV. Source: Lancet. 1968 March 16; 1(7542): 557-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4170272

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Effects of additional dietary gluten on the small-intestinal mucosa of volunteers and of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Ferguson A, Blackwell JN, Barnetson RS. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1987 June; 22(5): 543-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3629179

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Efficacy of cyclosporine in two patients with dermatitis herpetiformis resistant to conventional therapy. Author(s): Stenveld HJ, Starink TM, van Joost T, Stoof TJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1993 June; 28(6): 1014-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8496445

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Electron microscopic studies in dermatitis herpetiformis in relation to the pattern of immune deposits in the skin. Author(s): Dabrowski J, Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M, Maciejewski W. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1977 September 27; 259(3): 213-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=334088

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Electron microscopic study of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fry L, Johnson FR. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1969 January; 81(1): 44-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5763636

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Endomysium and antigliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and other bullous diseases. Author(s): Economidou J, Avgerinou G, Tsiroyianni A, Stavropoulos P, Vareltzidis A, Katsambas A. Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : Jeadv. 1998 September; 11(2): 184-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9784051

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Endoscopic duodenal biopsy compared with biopsy with the Watson capsule from the upper jejunum in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gillberg R, Kastrup W, Mobacken H, Stockbrugger R, Ahren C. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1982 March; 17(2): 305-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7134857

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Enhanced expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin-1, and urokinase plasminogen activator in lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Airola K, Vaalamo M, Reunala T, Saarialho-Kere UK. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1995 August; 105(2): 184-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7636299

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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, gluten enteropathy, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Bennett RA, Whitelock T 3rd, Kelley JL Jr. Source: Am J Dig Dis. 1974 December; 19(12): 1154-61. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4440670

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Epidermal transglutaminase (TGase 3) is the autoantigen of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Sardy M, Karpati S, Merkl B, Paulsson M, Smyth N. Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2002 March 18; 195(6): 747-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11901200

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Evidence for the activation of complement via the alternate pathway in skin diseases. II. Dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Provost TT, Tomasi TB Jr. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1974 November; 3(2): 178-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4217677

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Evidence that the IgA in patients with linear IgA disease is qualitatively different from that of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Leonard JN, Haffenden GP, Unsworth DJ, Ring NP, Holborow EJ, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1984 March; 110(3): 315-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6421307

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Expression of eotaxin, interleukin 13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Amerio P, Verdolini R, Giangiacomi M, Proietto G, Feliciani C, Offidani A, Bossi G. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2000 November; 143(5): 974-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11069505

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Expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in the small bowel of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and isolated gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Smith AD, Bagheri B, Streilein RD, Hall RP 3rd. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1999 October; 44(10): 2124-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10548367

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Factors influencing small bowel changes in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Roberts-Thompson IC, Stevens DP, Michel B, Braun WE, Morris PJ, Wall AJ, Fone DJ, Dworken HJ. Source: Aust N Z J Med. 1977 August; 7(4): 356-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=270984

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Failure of intradermal skin testing with gluten to produce delayed hypersensitivity reactions in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Garioch JJ, Unsworth DJ, Baker BS, Leonard JN, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1995 May; 132(5): 698-702. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7772473

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Failure of isotretinoin to control dermatitis herpetiformis and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Author(s): Rutman AJ, Powles AV, Griffiths CE, McFadden J, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1988 August; 119(2): 270-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3048371

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Failure to detect C1q binding immune complexes in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Pehamberger H, Smolen J, Menzel J. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1980; 268(1): 101-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7416793

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Failure to detect gliadin or gliadin binding sites in the skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: immunofluorescence, organ culture and autoradiographic studies. Author(s): Pehamberger H, Gschnait F, Menzel J, Holubar K. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1979 August; 73(2): 174-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=379243

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Failure to detect specific gluten antigens associated with the immune aggregates in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Eterman KP, Nefkens MJ, van der Meer JB. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1977 December 27; 260(3): 247-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=74984

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Familial dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala TL, Koskimies S. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 335-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806220

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Familial incidence of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Meyer LJ, Zone JJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1987 October; 17(4): 643-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3312315

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Family studies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T, Salo OP, Tiilikainen A, Selroos O, Kuitunen P. Source: Ann Clin Res. 1976 August; 8(4): 254-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=999211

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Fine points in the management of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fry L. Source: Semin Dermatol. 1988 September; 7(3): 206-11. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3153446

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Fine structure of the small bowel in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Laguens R, Schaposnik F, Echeverria R, Calafell R, Conti A. Source: Virchows Arch a Pathol Pathol Anat. 1971; 352(1): 34-42. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5313114

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Fingerprint changes in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Verbov J, Kumar PJ, Marks R. Source: British Medical Journal. 1971 October 30; 4(782): 300-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5123921

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First-degree relatives are frequently affected in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hervonen K, Hakanen M, Kaukinen K, Collin P, Reunala T. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2002 January; 37(1): 51-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11843035

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Food antibodies in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease relationship to jejunal morphology. Author(s): Kumar PJ, Ferguson A, Lancaster-Smith M, Clark ML. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1976; 11(1): 5-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=946332

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Food iron absorption in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Braide I, Kastrup W, Magnusson B, Mobacken H, Rossander L. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1982; 62(3): 225-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6179363

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Foods for patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hogan DJ. Source: Can Med Assoc J. 1983 March 1; 128(5): 512. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6825017

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Gamma/delta T-cell receptor expression in the jejunal epithelium of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Author(s): Sturgess R, Kontakou M, Nelufer J, Hung T, Ciclitira PJ. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1993 July; 18(4): 318-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8403465

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Gastric histology and function tests in Italian patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Primignani M, Agape D, Ronchi G, Forzenigo L, Bonato C, Meroni P, Falsitta M, Malesci A, de Franchis R. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1990 April; 25(4): 357-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2336546

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Gastric lesion in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): O'Donoghue DP, Lancaster-Smith M, Johnson GD, Kumar PJ. Source: Gut. 1976 March; 17(3): 185-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=773783

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Gastric morphology and function in dermatitis herpetiformis and in coeliac disease. Author(s): Gillberg R, Kastrup W, Mobacken H, Stockbrugger R, Ahren C. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1985 March; 20(2): 133-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3992169

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Gastrointestinal investigations in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fausa O, Larsen TE, Husby G, Thune P. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1975; 55(3): 203-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=50693

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Genetic dissection between coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis in sib pairs. Author(s): Karell K, Korponay-Szabo I, Szalai Z, Holopainen P, Mustalahti K, Collin P, Maki M, Partanen J. Source: Annals of Human Genetics. 2002 November; 66(Pt 5-6): 387-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12485471

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Glomerulitis in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): DeCoteau WE, Gerrard JW, Cunningham TA. Source: Lancet. 1973 September 22; 2(7830): 679-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4125652

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Glomerulonephritis in dermatitis herpetiformis. A case study. Author(s): Pape JF, Mellbye OJ, Oystese B, Brodwall EK. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1978; 203(5): 445-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=352098

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Gluten challenge in children with dermatitis herpetiformis: a clinical, morphological and immunohistological study. Author(s): Kosnai I, Karpati S, Savilahti E, Verkasalo M, Bucsky P, Torok E. Source: Gut. 1986 December; 27(12): 1464-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3804022

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Gluten challenge in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Leonard J, Haffenden G, Tucker W, Unsworth J, Swain F, McMinn R, Holborow J, Fry L. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1983 April 7; 308(14): 816-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6339917

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Gluten sensitive enteropathy in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Harendra de Silva DG, Chularatne W, Ravindra Fernando P. Source: Ceylon Med J. 1985 December; 30(4): 183-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3842099

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Gluten-free diet and elemental diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): van der Meer JB. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1990 December; 29(10): 679-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2269561

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Gluten-free diet for dermatitis herpetiformis: the long-term effect on cutaneous, immunological and jejunal manifestations. Author(s): Frodin T, Gotthard R, Hed J, Molin L, Norrby K, Walan A. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1981; 61(5): 405-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6172928

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Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gross AS, King LE Jr, Patten WT. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1991 February; 127(2): 273-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1991004

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Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): McClelland DB. Source: British Medical Journal. 1977 May 21; 1(6072): 1353-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=861631

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Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Heading RC, Barnetson RS. Source: British Medical Journal. 1977 May 7; 1(6070): 1220-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=861551

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Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. I. Clinical response of skin lesions in 81 patients. Author(s): Reunala T, Blomqvist K, Tarpila S, Halme H, Kangas K. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1977 November; 97(5): 473-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=588461

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Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. II. Morphological and immunological findings in the skin and small intestine of 12 patients and matched controls. Author(s): Reunala T. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1978 January; 98(1): 69-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=626715

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Gluten-free diet in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Effect on the occurrence of antibodies to reticulin and gluten. Author(s): Ljunghall K, Scheynius A, Jonsson J, Schilling W, Forsum U. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1983 December; 119(12): 970-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6651313

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Gluten-sensitive dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Seah PP, Stewart JS. Source: Proc R Soc Med. 1973 November; 66(11): 1107. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4591081

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Helicobacter pylori serology in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Crabtree JE, O'Mahony S, Wyatt JI, Heatley RV, Vestey JP, Howdle PD, Rathbone BJ, Losowsky MS. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992 July; 45(7): 597-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1517459

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Hemidesmosomal molecular changes in dermatitis herpetiformis; decreased expression of BP230 and plectin/HD1 in uninvolved skin. Author(s): Leivo T, Lohi J, Kariniemi AL, Molander G, Kiraly CL, Kotovirta ML, Owaribe K, Burgeson RE, Leivo I. Source: The Histochemical Journal. 1999 February; 31(2): 109-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10416682

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Hepatic injury in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Wojnarowska F, Fry L. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1981; 61(2): 165-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6165199

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Histiocytic lymphoma occurring in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Jenkins D, Lynde CW, Stewart WD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1983 August; 9(2): 252-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6350384

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Histocompatibility antigens and dermatitis herpetiformis with special reference to jejunal abnormalities and acetylator phenotype. Author(s): Reunala T, Salo OP, Tiilikainen A, Mattila MJ. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1976 February; 94(2): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1252348

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Histology of linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, and bullous pemphigoid. Author(s): Blenkinsopp WK, Haffenden GP, Fry L, Leonard JN. Source: The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 1983 December; 5(6): 547-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6364874

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History of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Holubar K. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 273-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806213

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HL-A antigen type and small-intestinal disease in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gebhard RL, Katz SI, Marks J, Shuster S, Trapani RJ. Source: Lancet. 1973 October 6; 2(7832): 760-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4126478

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HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis among Japanese. Author(s): Hashimoto K, Miki Y, Nishioka K, Nakata S, Matsuyama M. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1980 August; 7(4): 289-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6999057

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HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Author(s): Solheim BG, Ek J, Thune PO, Baklien K, Bratlie A, Rankin B, Thoresen AB, Thorsby E. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1976 January; 7(1): 57-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=56060

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HLA antigens in juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Richiardi P, Borelli I, Malavasi F, Curtoni ES, Berti E, Gianotti F, Giannetti A. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1981; 61(3): 241-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6167108

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HLA antigens, jejunal morphology and associated diseases in children with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Karpati S, Kosnai I, Verkasalo M, Kuitunen P, Simon Z, Koskimies S, Reunala T, Gyodi E, Torok E. Source: Acta Paediatr Scand. 1986 March; 75(2): 297-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3962661

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HLA association with dermatitis herpetiformis is accounted for by a cis or transassociated DQ heterodimer. Author(s): Hall MA, Lanchbury JS, Bolsover WJ, Welsh KI, Ciclitira PJ. Source: Gut. 1991 May; 32(5): 487-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1674926

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HLA class II alpha chain gene polymorphisms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, dermatitis herpetiformis, and celiac disease. Author(s): Hitman GA, Niven MJ, Festenstein H, Cassell PG, Awad J, Walker-Smith J, Leonard JN, Fry L, Ciclitira P, Kumar P, et al. Source: The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1987 February; 79(2): 609-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3805283

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HLA class II region genes and susceptibility to dermatitis herpetiformis: DPB1 and TAP2 associations are secondary to those of the DQ subregion. Author(s): Hall MA, Lanchbury JS, Ciclitira PJ. Source: European Journal of Immunogenetics : Official Journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. 1996 August; 23(4): 285-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8858285

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HLA in juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis: clinical heterogeneity correlated with DNA and serological polymorphism. Author(s): Amoroso A, Mazzola G, Canale L, Borelli I, Dall'Omo AM, Curtoni ES, Ansaldi N, Fusco P, Elia G, Barbera C. Source: J Immunogenet. 1990 June; 17(3): 195-206. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1979987

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HL-A8: a genetic link between dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Katz SI, Falchuk ZM, Dahl MV, Rogentine GN, Strober W. Source: The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1972 November; 51(11): 2977-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5080422

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HLA-B8 and dermatitis herpetiformis in patients with IgA deposits in skin. Author(s): Katz SI, Hertz KC, Rogentine N, Strober W. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1977 February; 113(2): 155-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=836691

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HLA-DQ2 second-domain polymorphisms may explain increased trans-associated risk in celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hall MA, Lanchbury JS, Lee JS, Welsh KI, Ciclitira PJ. Source: Human Immunology. 1993 December; 38(4): 284-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8138424

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HLA-DR3 in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Pehamberger H, Holubar K, Mayr WR. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1981 March; 104(3): 321-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6971119

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IgA antibodies against reticulin and endomysium in the serum and gastrointestinal secretions of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): McCord ML, Hall RP 3rd. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1994; 189 Suppl 1: 60-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8049567

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IgA class antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis: reaction with tissue antigens. Author(s): Rast HP, Hunziker T, Gerber HA, Walti ER, Lentze MJ, Spath PJ, Spycher MO. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1991 January; 96(1): 155. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1987290

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IgA immune complexes in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis occur in the absence of IgA rheumatoid factor. Author(s): Hall RP, Eyre RW. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1987 July; 89(1): 27-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3298445

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IgA-binding structures in dermatitis herpetiformis skin are independent of elasticmicrofibrillar bundles. Author(s): Lightner VA, Sakai LY, Hall RP. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1991 January; 96(1): 88-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1987301

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Immunoglobulin and HLA-DP genes contribute to the susceptibility to juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Mazzola G, Berrino M, Bersanti M, D'Alfonso S, Cappello N, Bottaro A, Curtoni ES, Fusco P, Vallati M, Bundino S, et al. Source: European Journal of Immunogenetics : Official Journal of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. 1992 June; 19(3): 129-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1627534

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Immunopathology of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Reunala TL, Kumar V. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 295-311. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806217

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In patients with dermatitis herpetiformis distribution of transglutaminase in cutaneous tissue does not differ from controls. Author(s): Biagi F, Bassi E, Ardigo M, Vignini MA, Caravaggi M, Borroni G, Corazza GR. Source: Dig Liver Dis. 2003 January; 35(1): 41-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12725607

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Incidence of familial dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1996 March; 134(3): 394-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8731659

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Increase of lymphocytes bearing the gamma/delta T cell receptor in the jejunum of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Savilahti E, Reunala T, Maki M. Source: Gut. 1992 February; 33(2): 206-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1531801

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Increased expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) in bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and erythema multiforme. Author(s): Brown LF, Harrist TJ, Yeo KT, Stahle-Backdahl M, Jackman RW, Berse B, Tognazzi K, Dvorak HF, Detmar M. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1995 May; 104(5): 744-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7738351

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Increased jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes bearing gamma/delta T-cell receptor in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Vecchi M, Crosti L, Berti E, Agape D, Cerri A, De Franchis R. Source: Gastroenterology. 1992 May; 102(5): 1499-505. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1314748

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Increased production of IL-4 by gut T-cell lines from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis compared to patients with isolated gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Hall RP 3rd, Smith AD, Streilein RD. Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2000 October; 45(10): 2036-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11117580

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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with dermatitis herpetiformis: evidence for heterogeneity of HLA-associated genes. Author(s): Reijonen H, Ilonen J, Knip M, Reunala T. Source: Tissue Antigens. 1991 February; 37(2): 94-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2057939

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Intestinal humoral immunity in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fry L, Leonard JN. Source: Lancet. 1990 August 11; 336(8711): 378-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1975360

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Intracorneal nuclear dust aggregates in dermatitis herpetiformis. A clue to diagnosis. Author(s): Williams BT, Hampton MT, Mitchell DF, Metcalf JS. Source: The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 1995 February; 17(1): 48-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7695010

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Intraepithelial lymphocytes bearing the gamma/delta receptor in the oral and jejunal mucosa in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Patinen P, Savilahti E, Hietanen J, Malmstrom M, Maki M, Reunala T. Source: European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1997 April; 105(2): 130-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9151065

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Iodine and gliadin challenge on oral mucosa in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Patinen P, Hietane J, Malmstrom M, Reunala T, Savilahti E. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 2002; 82(2): 86-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12125958

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Is dermatitis herpetiformis a gluten-sensitive enteropathy? Author(s): Savilahti E, Reunala T. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1990 December; 29(10): 706-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2269563

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Jejunal function in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease. Author(s): Kumar JP, Silk DB, Clarke ML, Dawson AM. Source: Gut. 1972 April; 13(4): 322. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5033856

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Jejunal mucosa in pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Bedi TR, Bhutani LK, Kandhari KC, Tandon BN. Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1974 April; 62(4): 626-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4435872

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis (a case report). Author(s): Verma KC, Chaudhry SD. Source: Indian J Dermatol. 1973 July; 18(4): 79-82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4777767

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis and chronic acquired bullous disease in children. Author(s): Thune PO, Husby G, Larsen TE, Solheim B, Ek J. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1978 September; 3(3): 279-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=367643

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis in Jamaica: clinical and gastrointestinal features. Author(s): Warner J, Brooks SE, James WP, Louisy S. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1972 March; 86(3): 226-37. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5018677

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis in the light of immunofluorescence studies. Author(s): Jablonska S, Chorzelski T, Beutner EH, Blaszczyk M. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1971 October; 85(4): 307-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4942237

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis versus "benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood." Are these immunologic diseases? Author(s): Chorzelski TP, Jablonska S, Beutner EE, Maciejowska E, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1975 November; 65(5): 447-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1104719

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Diaz LA, Lamkin BC, Dubin HV. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1979 May; 115(5): 584-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=375840

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Workman A. Source: Nurs Times. 1972 November 9; 68(45): 1415-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5087210

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Grant PW. Source: Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc. 1968; 54(2): 128-36. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5715707

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis: an immunoelectron microscopic study. Author(s): Pehamberger H, Konrad K, Holubar K. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1979 September; 101(3): 271-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=389268

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Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis: an immunologically proven case. Author(s): Hertz KC, Katz SI. Source: Pediatrics. 1977 June; 59(6): 945-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=865949

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Juvenile pemphigoid or dermatitis herpetiformis: a case report. Author(s): Soler AV. Source: St Lukes Hosp Gaz (Guardamangia). 1976 June; 11(1): 53-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1072811

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Lack of proliferative response by gluten-specific T cells in the blood and gut of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Baker BS, Garioch JJ, Bokth S, Thomas H, Walker MM, Leonard JN, Fry L. Source: Journal of Autoimmunity. 1995 August; 8(4): 561-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7492350

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Lack of reactivity of glutenin and gliadin antisera to normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin. Author(s): McFadden JP, Bhogal B, Shewry P, Fido R, Leonard JN, Black MM. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1993 March; 18(2): 197-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8482005

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Landmark article, Aug 30, 1884: Dermatitis herpetiformis. By Louis A. Duhring. Author(s): Duhring LA. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1983 July 8; 250(2): 21216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6345814

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Landmark perspective: Dermatitis herpetiformis. A commentary. Author(s): Kalis JB, Malkinson FD. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1983 July 8; 250(2): 21721. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6352978

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Laryngeal involvement in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): McFadden JP, Powles AV. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1990 February; 22(2 Pt 1): 325-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2312825

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Laryngeal involvement in dermatitis herpetiformis: case report. Author(s): Greenberg RD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1989 April; 20(4): 690-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2715418

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Letter: Autoantibodies in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Baker PG, Palmer RI. Source: Lancet. 1976 April 3; 1(7962): 750. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=56566

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Letter: HLA-DW3 in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Marks JM. Source: Lancet. 1976 April 3; 1(7962): 750. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=56567

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Letter: Iodide-induced immunofluorescence in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Charlesworth EN, Backe JT, Garcia RL. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1976 April; 112(4): 555. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=773312

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Levels of F(1+2) prothrombin fragments and thrombin - antithrombin III (TAT) complexes in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Wankiewicz A, Iwan-Zietek I, Gwiezdzinski Z, Kotschy M. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 August; 8(8): Br324-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12165736

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Linear IgA bullous dermatosis v dermatitis herpetiformis. Quantitative measurements of dermoepidermal alterations. Author(s): Smith SB, Harrist TJ, Murphy GF, Halperin AJ, Newell JB, Fallon JT, Fine JD, Mihm MC Jr. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1984 March; 120(3): 324-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6367664

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Local immunoglobulin production is different in gastritis associated with dermatitis herpetiformis and simple gastritis. Author(s): Valnes K, Brandtzaeg P, Elgjo K, Stave R, Baklien K, Fausa O. Source: Gut. 1987 December; 28(12): 1589-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3428685

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Localized dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Helander I, Jansen CT. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1987 May; 16(5 Pt 1): 1052-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3584569

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Long term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis with and without dietary gluten withdrawal. Author(s): Fry L, Leonard JN, Swain F, Tucker WF, Haffenden G, Ring N, McMinn RM. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1982 December; 107(6): 631-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7171483

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Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. Author(s): Ermacora E, Prampolini L, Tribbia G, Pezzoli G, Gelmetti C, Cucchi G, Tettamanti A, Giunta A, Gianotti F. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1986 July; 15(1): 24-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3722506

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Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Author(s): Bardella MT, Fredella C, Trovato C, Ermacora E, Cavalli R, Saladino V, Prampolini L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2003 November; 149(5): 968-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14632800

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Lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fowler JM, Thomas DJ. Source: British Medical Journal. 1976 September 25; 2(6038): 757. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=974595

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Lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis: report on four cases. Author(s): Reunala T, Helin H, Kuokkanen K, Hakala T. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1982; 62(4): 343-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6183872

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Lymphoma in the setting of dermatitis herpetiformis: another case. Author(s): King PD, Perry MC, Zanol K. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1995; 190(3): 253. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7661976

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Major histocompatibility complex susceptibility genes for dermatitis herpetiformis compared with those for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Ahmed AR, Yunis JJ, Marcus-Bagley D, Yunis EJ, Salazar M, Katz AJ, Awdeh Z, Alper CA. Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1993 December 1; 178(6): 2067-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8245782

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Malabsorption of dietary folate (Pteroylpolyglutamates) in adult coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hoffbrand AV, Douglas AP, Fry L, Stewart JS. Source: British Medical Journal. 1970 October 10; 4(727): 85-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5471775

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Malabsorption of vitamin B12 in dermatitis herpetiformis and its association with pernicious anaemia. Author(s): Kastrup W, Mobacken H, Stockbrugger R, Swolin B, Westin J. Source: Acta Med Scand. 1986; 220(3): 261-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3776700

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Male sex hormone status in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gawkrodger DJ, Sweeting VM, Edwards CR, Barnetson RS. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1985 January; 112(1): 57-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3918554

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Malignancy and survival in dermatitis herpetiformis: a comparison with coeliac disease. Author(s): Collin P, Pukkala E, Reunala T. Source: Gut. 1996 April; 38(4): 528-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8707082

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Malignant disease in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala TL, Leonard JN. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 369-73. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806224

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Malignant disease in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Mansson T. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1971; 51(5): 379-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4109277

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Malignant lymphoma and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Bose SK, Lacour JP, Bodokh I, Ortonne JP. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1994; 188(3): 177-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8186505

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Malignant mesenteric lymphoma in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis, hypochlorhydria, and small-bowel abnormalities. Author(s): Andersson H, Dotevall G, Mobacken H. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1971; 6(5): 397-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5093525

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Malignant pancreatic somatostatinoma in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Author(s): Levi S, Bjarnason I, Swinson CM, Polak JM, Murray W, Levi AJ. Source: Digestion. 1988; 39(1): 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2899527

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Management difficulties due to concurrent dermatitis herpetiformis and variegate porphyria. Author(s): Varma S, Lanigan SW. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2000 September; 143(3): 654-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10971353

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Manic depression induced by dapsone in patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gawkrodger D. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1989 September 30; 299(6703): 860. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2510873

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Membrane attack complex of complement in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Dahl MV, Falk RJ, Carpenter R, Michael AF. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1985 January; 121(1): 70-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3881089

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Milk sensitivity in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Pock-Steen OC, Niordson AM. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1970 December; 83(6): 614-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5537034

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Milk, bread, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Shortridge RW. Source: Lancet. 1980 September 13; 2(8194): 587. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6106761

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Mixed form of dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid. Author(s): Falk ES, Rekvig OP. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1980; 60(3): 229-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6158225

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Molecular analysis of HLA DP and DQ genes associated with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fronek Z, Cheung MM, Hanbury AM, Kagnoff MF. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1991 November; 97(5): 799-802. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1919044

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Monozygous twins concordant for duodenojejunal villous atrophy and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Green ST, Natarajan S, Connor JM, Forrest JA. Source: Gut. 1986 August; 27(8): 970-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3732905

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Mortality and cancer incidence in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: a cohort study. Author(s): Swerdlow AJ, Whittaker S, Carpenter LM, English JS. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1993 August; 129(2): 140-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7654572

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Multiple immune complexes and hypocomplementaemia in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Author(s): Mohammed I, Holborow EJ, Fry L, Thompson BR, Hoffbrand AV, Stewart JS. Source: Lancet. 1976 September 4; 1(7984): 487-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=74460

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Natural history of dermatitis herpetiformis in southern Sweden. Author(s): Christensen OB, Hindsen M, Svensson A. Source: Dermatologica. 1986; 173(6): 271-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3817238

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Nephrotic syndrome and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Dyck RF. Source: Lancet. 1979 November 24; 2(8152): 1139. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=91875

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Neurologic symptoms posing as dapsone-induced polyneuropathy in two patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fernandez-Obregon AC, Forconi RJ. Source: Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner. 1988 May; 41(5): 347-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2836133

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Neutrophil CD11b, L-selectin and Fc IgA receptors in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Smith AD, Streilein RD, Hall RP 3rd. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2002 December; 147(6): 1109-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12452859

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Normal IgA production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA dermatosis. Author(s): Wojnarowska F, Perl S. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1989; 280(8): 494-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2919896

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Nutritional status in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gawkrodger DJ, Ferguson A, Barnetson RS. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1988 August; 48(2): 355-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3407614

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On the occurrence of IgD in dermatitis herpetiformis and pemphigoid. Author(s): Cormane RH, Giannetti A. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1971 February; 84(2): 179. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4100980

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Oral acantholytic itching disease responding to dapsone. Dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus, or a new disease? Author(s): Lindgren S, Enerback L, Freiberg N. Source: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976 November; 42(5): 597-605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1068417

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Oral lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Fraser NG, Kerr NW, Donald D. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1973 November; 89(5): 439-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4584995

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Oral manifestations of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Russotto SB, Ship II. Source: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971 January; 31(1): 42-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5275503

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Oral mucosa is frequently affected in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lahteenoja H, Irjala K, Viander M, Vainio E, Toivanen A, Syrjanen S. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1998 June; 134(6): 756-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9645655

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Overlapping cutaneous disorders related to dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kaplan RP, Callen JP. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 361-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806223

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Paediatric coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis: differences in complement activation in relation to diet. Author(s): Cefalo A, Pietrogrande M, Schiavo G, Prampolini L, Berti E, Ermacora E. Source: Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1989; 68(1): 72-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2491289

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Palmar petechiae in dermatitis herpetiformis: a case report and clinical review. Author(s): McCleskey PE, Erickson QL, David-Bajar KM, Elston DM. Source: Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner. 2002 October; 70(4): 217-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12403313

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Palmar purpura: an atypical presentation of childhood dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): McGovern TW, Bennion SD. Source: Pediatric Dermatology. 1994 December; 11(4): 319-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7899181

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Parallel expression of macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) in duodenal and skin lesions of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Salmela MT, Pender SL, Reunala T, MacDonald T, Saarialho-Kere U. Source: Gut. 2001 April; 48(4): 496-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11247893

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Parallel interleukin 5 synthesis by eosinophils in duodenal and skin lesions of a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Desreumaux P, Janin A, Delaporte E, Dubucquoi S, Piette F, Cortot A, Capron M, Colombel JF. Source: Gut. 1995 July; 37(1): 132-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7672663

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Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, acne, psoriasis and Darier's disease have low epidermal zinc concentrations. Author(s): Michaelsson G, Ljunghall K. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1990; 70(4): 304-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1977254

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Pemphigus with characteristics of dermatitis herpetiformis. A long-term follow-up of five patients. Author(s): Ingber A, Feuerman EJ. Source: International Journal of Dermatology. 1986 November; 25(9): 575-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3539834

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Perimenstrual nonvesicular dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Leitao EA, Bernhard JD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1990 February; 22(2 Pt 2): 331-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2303587

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Pharmacokinetic observations on dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Swain AF, Ahmad RA, Rogers HJ, Leonard JN, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1983 January; 108(1): 91-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6821646

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Polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor genes in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Messer G, Kick G, Ranki A, Koskimies S, Reunala T, Meurer M. Source: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 1994; 189 Suppl 1: 135-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7914110

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Polymyositis/dermatomyositis associated with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kalovidouris AE, Miller FW, Lawley TJ. Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1989 September; 32(9): 1179-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2789048

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Prevalence of duodenal and jejunal lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Primignani M, Agape D, Ronchi G, Falsitta M, Cipolla M, Vecchi M, Torgano G, Monti M, Berti E, de Franchis R. Source: Ric Clin Lab. 1987 July-September; 17(3): 243-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3671997

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Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and in control subjects with HLA-B8/-DR3. Author(s): Gaspari AA, Huang CM, Davey RJ, Bondy C, Lawley TJ, Katz SI. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1990 February; 88(2): 145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2301441

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Primary abdominal lymphoma. Presenting manifestation of celiac sprue or complicating dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Freeman HJ, Weinstein WM, Shnitka TK, Piercey JR, Wensel RH. Source: The American Journal of Medicine. 1977 October; 63(4): 585-94. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=333913

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Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gabrielsen TO, Hoel PS. Source: Dermatologica. 1985; 170(1): 31-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3972148

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Primary biliary cirrhosis in a diabetic male with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Walton C, Walton S. Source: Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1987 January; 12(1): 46-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3652504

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Protective effect of gluten-free diet against development of lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lewis HM, Renaula TL, Garioch JJ, Leonard JN, Fry JS, Collin P, Evans D, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1996 September; 135(3): 363-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8949426

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Proteolytic enzymes in blister fluids from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Oikarinen AI, Reunala T, Zone JJ, Kiistala U, Uitto J. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1986 March; 114(3): 295-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3006737

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Purpuric papules and vesicles of the palms in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Pierce DK, Purcell SM, Spielvogel RL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1987 June; 16(6): 1274-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3597876

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PUVA treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kalimo K, Lammintausta K, Viander M, Jansen CT. Source: Photodermatol. 1986 February; 3(1): 54-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3703708

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Rapid improvement of dermatitis herpetiformis after elemental diet. Author(s): van der Meer JB, Zeedijk N, Poen H, van der Putte SC. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1981; 271(4): 455-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7332354

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Rapid progression of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia following diaminodiphenyl sulphone treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kanda Y, Chiba S, Hirano N, Hirai H, Yazaki Y. Source: International Journal of Hematology. 1997 October; 66(3): 383-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9401285

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Recurrent genital ulceration: a case of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Sivakumar K, Coelho DC, Roy RB. Source: Genitourinary Medicine. 1990 August; 66(4): 270-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2391115

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Recurrent pericarditis and dermatitis herpetiformis. Evidence for immune complex deposition in the pericardium. Author(s): Afrasiabi R, Sirop PA, Albini SM, Rosenbaum HM, Piscatelli RL. Source: Chest. 1990 April; 97(4): 1006-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2323232

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Relation between HLA-DR-like antigens and secretory component (SC) in jejunal epithelium of patients with coeliac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Scott H, Brandtzaeg P, Solheim BG, Thorsby E. Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1981 May; 44(2): 233-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7030531

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Relationship of beta 1H globulin and cleavage fragments of the third component of complement in the skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gammon WR, Ruddy S, Sams MW Jr, Carlo JR. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1981 July; 20(1): 21-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6167388

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Relationship of dietary gluten intake to dapsone dose in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Mobacken H, Andersson H, Dahlberg E, Kastrup W. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1987; 67(3): 267-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2442946

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Renal involvement and circulating immune complexes in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T, Helin H, Pasternack A, Linder E, Kalimo K. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1983 August; 9(2): 219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6886113

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Response of the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis to a gluten free diet, with reference to jejunal morphology. Author(s): Cooper BT, Mallas E, Trotter MD, Cooke WT. Source: Gut. 1978 August; 19(8): 754-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=680606

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Results of treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with a gluten-free diet after one year. Author(s): Marks R, Whittle MW. Source: British Medical Journal. 1969 December 27; 4(686): 772-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5359941

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Reticulum cell sarcoma complicating dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Goodwin P, Fry L. Source: Proc R Soc Med. 1973 July; 66(7): 625-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4582308

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Rheumatoid factor in sera of dermatitis herpetiformis patients. Author(s): Kalimo K. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1978 January; 98(1): 79-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=203309

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Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Lear JT, Neary RH, Jones P, Fitzgerald DA, English JS. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1997 May; 90(5): 247-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9204017

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Risk of lymphoma in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Sigurgeirsson B, Agnarsson BA, Lindelof B. Source: Bmj (Clinical Research Ed.). 1994 January 1; 308(6920): 13-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8298344

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Role of elemental diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): van der Meer JB, Zeedijk N, van Voorst Vader PC, de Jong MC. Source: Current Problems in Dermatology. 1991; 20: 176-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1935210

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Salivary and serum IgA antigliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Patinen P, Bjorksten F, Malmstrom M, Savilahti E, Reunala T. Source: European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1995 October; 103(5): 280-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8521118

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Selected parameters of fibrinolysis system in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Wankiewicz A, Iwan-Zietek I, Kotschy M, Gwiezdzinski Z. Source: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2002 March; 8(3): Cr189-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11887034

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Selenium, glutathione-peroxidase and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Ljunghall K, Juhlin L, Edqvist LE, Plantin LO. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1984; 64(6): 546-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6084931

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Sequential studies of gliadin antibodies in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kieffer M, Barnetson RS, Blackwell JN. Source: Archives of Dermatological Research. 1984; 276(2): 74-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6721574

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Serum antibodies to gliadin and other cereal proteins in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kieffer M. Source: Dan Med Bull. 1985 October; 32(5): 251-62. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4053695

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Serum antibodies to gliadin and small-intestinal morphology in dermatitis herpetiformis. A controlled clinical study of the effect of treatment with a gluten-free diet. Author(s): Kilander AF, Gillberg RE, Kastrup W, Mobacken H, Nilsson LA. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1985 October; 20(8): 951-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3909375

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Serum eosinophil cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, tryptase, eotaxin and Th2-L-like cytokines in Dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Caproni M, Cardinali C, D'Agata A, Selvaggi W, Fabbri P. Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2002 May; 128(1): 67-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12037403

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Similar high frequency of IgA antireticulin and antiendomysial antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T, Hallstrom O. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1990 December; 23(6 Pt 1): 1188-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2273136

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Similar IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF syntheses by eosinophils in the jejunal mucosa of patients with celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Desreumaux P, Delaporte E, Colombel JF, Capron M, Cortot A, Janin A. Source: Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 1998 July; 88(1): 14-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9683545

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Simultaneous involvement of the skin and joints in a case of dermatitis herpetiformis affecting an adolescent boy. Author(s): Rosenzweig A, Shvartzman P, Kornmehl P, Avinoach I, Navon P. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 1994 May; 15(3): 254-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8075097

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Small intestinal function and dietary status in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Gawkrodger DJ, McDonald C, O'Mahony S, Ferguson A. Source: Gut. 1991 April; 32(4): 377-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2026337

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Small-bowel involvement in dermatitis herpetiformis and in linear-IgA bullous dermatosis. Author(s): deFranchis R, Primignani M, Cipolla M, Vecchi M, Agape D, Monti M, Berti E, Zuccato E, Mussini E. Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 1983 October; 5(5): 429-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6355270

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Spontaneous remission of dermatitis herpetiformis: dietary and gastrointestinal studies. Author(s): Mobacken H, Andersson H, Dahlberg E, Fransson K, Gillberg R, Kastrup W, Stockbrugger R. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1986; 66(3): 245-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2426903

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Stevens-Johnson syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Hochman MA, Mayers M. Source: International Ophthalmology Clinics. 1997 Spring; 37(2): 77-92. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9269599

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Successful treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with tetracycline and nicotinamide in a patient unable to tolerate dapsone. Author(s): Zemtsov A, Neldner KH. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1993 March; 28(3): 505-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8445075

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TCR Vbeta expression in the small bowel of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten sensitive enteropathy. Limited expression in dermatitis herpetiformis and treated asymptomatic gluten sensitive enteropathy. Author(s): Hall RP 3rd, Owen S, Smith A, Keough M, Bagheri B, Church P, Streilein R. Source: Experimental Dermatology. 2000 August; 9(4): 275-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10949550

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Th2-like cytokine activity in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Caproni M, Feliciani C, Fuligni A, Salvatore E, Atani L, Bianchi B, Pour SM, Proietto G, Toto P, Coscione G, Amerio P, Fabbri P. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1998 February; 138(2): 242-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9602868

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The incidence of agranulocytosis during treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with dapsone as reported in Sweden, 1972 through 1988. Author(s): Hornsten P, Keisu M, Wiholm BE. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1990 July; 126(7): 919-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2360840

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The occurrence of type 1 diabetes in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and their first-degree relatives. Author(s): Hervonen K, Viljamaa M, Collin P, Knip M, Reunala T. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2004 January; 150(1): 136-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14746628

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The pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Otley CC, Hall RP 3rd. Source: Clinics in Dermatology. 1991 July-September; 9(3): 313-23. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1806218

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The role of diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T. Source: Current Problems in Dermatology. 1991; 20: 168-75. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1935209

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Tissue transglutaminase and endomysial antibodies-diagnostic markers of glutensensitive enteropathy in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Kumar V, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M, Sulej J, Rajadhyaksha M, Jablonska S. Source: Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.). 2001 March; 98(3): 378-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11237562

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Tissue transglutaminase antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Porter WM, Unsworth DJ, Lock RJ, Hardman CM, Baker BS, Fry L. Source: Gastroenterology. 1999 September; 117(3): 749-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10490368

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Tissue transglutaminase antibody assessment in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Caproni M, Cardinali C, Renzi D, Calabro A, Fabbri P. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 2001 January; 144(1): 196-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11167713

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Tolerance to oats in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Reunala T, Collin P, Holm K, Pikkarainen P, Miettinen A, Vuolteenaho N, Maki M. Source: Gut. 1998 October; 43(4): 490-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9824575

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Ultrastructural aspects of dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease). Author(s): Rodrigo FG. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1972 April; 86(4): 348-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5051315

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Ultrastructural binding sites of endomysium antibodies from sera of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Author(s): Karpati S, Meurer M, Stolz W, Burgin-Wolff A, Braun-Falco O, Krieg T. Source: Gut. 1992 February; 33(2): 191-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1541414

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Ultrastructural observations on uninvolved skin in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Riches DJ, Martin BG, Seah PP, Fry L. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1973 April; 88(4): 323-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4712214

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Ultrastructural observations on uninvolved skin in dermatitis herpetiformis. 'Elastic' versus 'reticular' fibrils. Author(s): Rodrigo FG, Cotta-Pereira G. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1973 November; 89(5): 543-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4753714

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Ultrastructural sites of blister formation in dermatitis herpetiformis: report of a case and retrospective electron microscopy using routine histologic preparations. Author(s): Horiguchi Y, Danno K, Toda K, Takada K, Komura J, Horio T, Imamura S. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1987 October; 14(5): 462-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3325537

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Urokinase plasminogen activator is expressed by basal keratinocytes before interstitial collagenase, stromelysin-1, and laminin-5 in experimentally induced dermatitis herpetiformis lesions. Author(s): Airola K, Reunala T, Salo S, Saarialho-Kere UK. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1997 January; 108(1): 7-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8980278

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Ursodeoxycholic acid causing exacerbation of dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Stroubou E, Dawn G, Forsyth A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2001 August; 45(2): 319-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11464204

x

Use of sulfasalazine in dermatitis herpetiformis in young people. Author(s): Lowney ED. Source: Archives of Dermatology. 1978 October; 114(10): 1553. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=31139

x

Vesicular pemphigoid vs dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Jawitz J, Kumar V, Nigra TP, Beutner EH. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1984 May; 10(5 Pt 2): 892-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6373860

x

Vitamin B absorption in intestinal diseases (coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, jejuno-ileal shunting). Author(s): Fausa O. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement. 1974; 29: 75-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4530459

x

Vitronectin colocalizes with Ig deposits and C9 neoantigen in discoid lupus erythematosus and dermatitis herpetiformis, but not in bullous pemphigoid. Author(s): Dahlback K, Lofberg H, Dahlback B. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1989 June; 120(6): 725-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2474318

x

Wheat protein antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Huff JC, Weston WL, Zirker DK. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1979 December; 73(6): 570-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=512410

x

Wheat starch-containing gluten-free flour products in the treatment of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. A long-term follow-up study. Author(s): Kaukinen K, Collin P, Holm K, Rantala I, Vuolteenaho N, Reunala T, Maki M. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1999 February; 34(2): 163-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10192194

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Zinc absorption in celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis: a test of small intestinal function. Author(s): Crofton RW, Glover SC, Ewen SW, Aggett PJ, Mowat NA, Mills CF. Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1983 November; 38(5): 706-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6637862

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CHAPTER

2.

NUTRITION AND HERPETIFORMIS

DERMATITIS

Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and dermatitis herpetiformis.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Dermatitis Herpetiformis The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.7 The IBIDS includes references and citations to both human and animal research studies. As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

7

Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis

The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or a synonym): x

Aggressive gluten challenge of dermatitis herpetiformis cases converts them from seronegative to seropositive for IgA-class endomysial antibodies. Author(s): Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Academy of Medicine, Poland. Source: Chorzelski, T P Rosinska, D Beutner, E H Sulej, J KuMarch, V J-Am-AcadDermatol. 1988 April; 18(4 Pt 1): 672-8 0190-9622

x

Diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Author(s): Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, USA. Source: Zaenglein, A L Hafer, L Helm, K F Arch-Dermatol. 1995 May; 131(5): 571-3 0003987X

x

Similarities in intestinal humoral immunity in dermatitis herpetiformis without enteropathy and in coeliac disease. Author(s): Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK. Source: O'Mahony, S Vestey, J P Ferguson, A Lancet. 1990 June 23; 335(8704): 1487-90 0140-6736

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: x

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

x

The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

x

The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

x

The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

x

The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

x

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

x

Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

x

Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Nutrition

53

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: x

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

x

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

x

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

x

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

x

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

x

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

x

WebMD“Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

x

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

The following is a specific Web list relating to dermatitis herpetiformis; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: x

Vitamins Folic Acid Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Vitamin B12 Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Vitamin B3 Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Vitamin E Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

x

Minerals Betaine Hydrochloride Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Iron Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Selenium Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Zinc Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

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Food and Diet Gluten-Free Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to dermatitis herpetiformis and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to dermatitis herpetiformis: x

An analysis of 24 patients with IgA deposition at the BMZ. Author(s): Weng MW, Qiu BS, Kang KF. Source: The Journal of Dermatology. 1993 May; 20(5): 276-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8340531

x

Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. Author(s): Juhlin L, Edqvist LE, Ekman LG, Ljunghall K, Olsson M. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1982; 62(3): 211-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6179360

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x

Effect of gluten in dermatitis herpetiformis--implications for psychosomatic medicine. Author(s): Locke SE. Source: The New England Journal of Medicine. 1983 August 4; 309(5): 315. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6866061

x

Extracts of wheat gluten activate complement via the alternative pathway. Author(s): Unsworth DJ, Wurzner R, Brown DL, Lachmann PJ. Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 1993 December; 94(3): 539-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8252813

x

Folic acid as an adjuvant to sulphapyridine in dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): MOLESWORTH J. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1950 December 2; 2(23): 832-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14796143

x

Identification of a basement membrane zone antigen reactive with circulating IgA antibody in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Author(s): Smith EP, Taylor TB, Meyer LJ, Zone JJ. Source: The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1993 October; 101(4): 619-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8409534

x

Induction of lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis by autologous serum. Author(s): Cox NH, Friedmann PS. Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1991 January; 124(1): 69-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1993147

x

Intestinal permeability in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Bjarnason I, Marsh MN, Price A, Levi AJ, Peters TJ. Source: Gut. 1985 November; 26(11): 1214-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3934051

x

Investigation of patients suffering from generalized pruritus, with special references to systemic diseases. Author(s): Rajka G. Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 1966; 46(2): 190-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4162639

x

Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis. Case reports of six children from Birmingham. Author(s): Ganpule M.

Alternative Medicine 57

Source: The British Journal of Dermatology. 1967 April; 79(4): 221-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6024738 x

Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma occurring in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. Author(s): Sen V, Barlow AM. Source: Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 1988; 10(3): 357-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3180701

x

Measurement of cell production rate in the human small bowel. Author(s): Wright NA, Morley AR, Appleton DR, Marks JM, Douglas AP, Watson AJ. Source: Pathol Microbiol (Basel). 1973; 39(3): 251-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4718564

x

Recurrent “flare” of dermatitis herpetiformis after cytotoxic therapy for malignant lymphoma. Author(s): Gottlieb D, Commens C. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1986 September 1; 145(5): 241. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3528778

x

The measurement of cell production rates in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. An experimental and clinical study. Author(s): Wright N, Watson A, Morley A, Appleton D, Marks J, Douglas A. Source: Virchows Arch a Pathol Anat Histol. 1974; 364(4): 311-23. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4280650

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: x

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

x

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

x

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

x

drkoop.com“: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

x

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

x

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

x

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

x

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

x

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis

x

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

x

WebMD“Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

x

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

x

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to dermatitis herpetiformis; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation: x

General Overview Acne Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Allergies and Sensitivities Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Celiac Disease Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

x

Herbs and Supplements Dapsone Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com PABA Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com Tetracycline Source: Healthnotes, Inc.; www.healthnotes.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. PATENTS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.8 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on dermatitis herpetiformis, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patent Applications on Dermatitis Herpetiformis As of December 2000, U.S. patent applications are open to public viewing.9 Applications are patent requests which have yet to be granted. (The process to achieve a patent can take several years.) The following patent applications have been filed since December 2000 relating to dermatitis herpetiformis:

8Adapted

from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm. 9 This has been a common practice outside the United States prior to December 2000.

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Enzyme treatment of foodstuffs for celiac sprue Inventor(s): Gray, Gary; (Stanford, CA), Hausch, Felix; (Langenselbold, DE), Khosla, Chaitan; (Palo Alto, CA), Shan, Lu; (Stanford, CA) Correspondence: Bozicevic, Field & Francis Llp; 200 Middlefield RD; Suite 200; Menlo Park; CA; 94025; US Patent Application Number: 20030215438 Date filed: February 14, 2003 Abstract: Administering an effective dose of glutenase to a Celiac or dermatitis herpetiformis patient reduces levels of toxic gluten oligopeptides, thereby attenuating or eliminating the damaging effects of gluten. Excerpt(s): This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional application 60/357,238 filed Feb. 14, 2002; to U.S. Provisional Application 60/380,761 filed May 14, 2002; to U.S. Provisional Application 60/392,782 filed Jun. 28, 2002; and to U.S. Provisional application No. 60/422,933, filed Oct. 31, 2002, to U.S. Provisional Application 60/428,033, filed Nov. 20, 2002, and to U.S. Provisional Application 60/435,881, filed Dec. 20, 2002, each of which are herein specifically incorporated by reference. In 1953, it was first recognized that ingestion of gluten, a common dietary protein present in wheat, barley and rye causes disease in sensitive individuals. Gluten is a complex mixture of glutamine- and proline-rich glutenin and prolamine molecules, which is thought to be responsible for disease induction. Ingestion of such proteins by sensitive individuals produces flattening of the normally luxurious, rug-like, epithelial lining of the small intestine known to be responsible for efficient and extensive terminal digestion of peptides and other nutrients. Clinical symptoms of Celiac Sprue include fatigue, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption of nutrients, weight loss, abdominal distension, anemia, as well as a substantially enhanced risk for the development of osteoporosis and intestinal malignancies (lymphoma and carcinoma). The disease has an incidence of approximately 1 in 200 in European populations. A related disease is dermatitis herpetiformis, which is a chronic eruption characterized by clusters of intensely pruritic vesicles, papules, and urticaria-like lesions. IgA deposits occur in almost all normalappearing and perilesional skin. Asymptomatic gluten-sensitive enteropathy is found in 75 to 90% of patients and in some of their relatives. Onset is usually gradual. Itching and burning are severe, and scratching often obscures the primary lesions with eczematization of nearby skin, leading to an erroneous diagnosis of eczema. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet for prolonged periods may control the disease in some patients, obviating or reducing the requirement for drug therapy. Dapsone, sulfapyridine and colchicines are sometimes prescribed for relief of itching. Web site: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with dermatitis herpetiformis, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button,

Patents 61

scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on dermatitis herpetiformis. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning dermatitis herpetiformis. Simply go back to http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 5. BOOKS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on dermatitis herpetiformis include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on dermatitis herpetiformis: x

Canadian Celiac Association Handbook: Celiac Diseases Needs a Diet for Life. 3rd ed Source: Ontario, Canada: Canadian Celiac Association. 1993. 128 p. Contact: Available from Canadian Celiac Association. 6519B Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 1A6. (905) 567-7195 or (800) 363-7296. Fax: (905) 567-0710. PRICE: OUT OF PRINT. ISBN: 0921026080. Summary: This handbook presents an overview of the changes in lifestyle that may be necessary for people with celiac disease. Topics include the medical aspects of celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis; foods for people with these diseases; coping with the new lifestyle; and children with celiac. The remainder of the book presents information about diet and nutrition, with gluten-free recipes for soups, entrees, breads and batters, pies, muffins, cookies and squares, unbaked cookies and squares, and cakes

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and frostings. Also included is the contact information for Canadian regional celiac associations, as well as a few advertisements for the producers of gluten-free products.

Chapters on Dermatitis Herpetiformis In order to find chapters that specifically relate to dermatitis herpetiformis, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and dermatitis herpetiformis using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.” Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on dermatitis herpetiformis: x

What Is Celiac Disease? (And Nontropical Sprue, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, GlutenSensitive Enteropathy, and General Gluten Intolerance) Source: in Korn, D. Kids with Celiac Disease: A Family Guide to Raising Happy, Healthy, Gluten-Free Children. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. 2001. p. 3-8. Contact: Available from Woodbine House. 6510 Bells Mill Road, Bethesda, MD 20817. (800) 843-7323 or (301) 897-3570. Fax (301) 897-5838. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.woodbinehouse.com. PRICE: $17.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1890627216. Summary: This chapter defining celiac disease is from a practical survival guide for families of children and teenagers with celiac disease, a lifelong digestive disorder that affects nearly two million Americans. Celiac disease results from an intolerance of gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats, and any food made with these grains. Removing gluten from the diet is the only known treatment for this illness. Left untreated, the disease can lead to serious conditions such as damage to the central nervous system, osteoporosis, and cancer. The chapter begins by defining celiac disease and explaining how gluten damages the villi in the small intestine, resulting in malnutrition and dehydration. The symptoms tend to be varied, which lends to difficulties in diagnosing celiac disease. Classic symptoms include diarrhea, malabsorption, gas, and bloating; other symptoms can include fatigue, anemia, irritability, vomiting, short stature, or difficulty concentrating. Some people with celiac disease show absolutely no symptoms. The author notes that dermatitis herpetiformis is a 'sister' to celiac disease, with a subset of symptoms (primarily a very severe rash on the skin) that responds well to the gluten free diet. The author stresses that the good news about celiac disease is the fact that it is so treatable; a complete, strict gluten free diet will result in nearly immediate improvement. After a few weeks on the gluten free diet, most people feel better overall, as their malnutrition and dehydration resolve.

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CHAPTER 6. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover dermatitis herpetiformis.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on dermatitis herpetiformis is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing.

PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance.

Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms).

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The NIH Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine.

Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name.

Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests.

Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to dermatitis herpetiformis, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/.

BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms).

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Newsletters on Dermatitis Herpetiformis Find newsletters on dermatitis herpetiformis using the Combined Health Information Database (CHID). You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To access CHID, go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Limit your search to “Newsletter” and “dermatitis herpetiformis.” Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter.” Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following list was generated using the options described above: x

Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Part I Source: GIG Newsletter. Gluten Intolerance Group of North America Newsletter. 17(2): 9-14. April-June 1993. Contact: Available from Gluten Intolerance Group of North America. P.O. Box 23053, Seattle, WA 98102. (206) 325-6980. Summary: This newsletter article provides an overview of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), a common complication in people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Written in a question-and-answer format, the document discusses the appearance of DH; the body areas most likely to have DH eruptions; variations in severity; relationship between hormone levels and DH eruptions; demographics; how DH is diagnosed; other IgA skin disorders that mimic DH; treatment options for DH; medications used and side effects of each, including dapsone, sulphapyridine, and sulphamethoxy-pyridazine; and choosing diet versus medication. The article was excerpted from a chapter in the text Coeliac Disease (Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on dermatitis herpetiformis: x

Can Celiacs Eat Cheese?: A Resounding Yes! If the Cheese is Real, Maybe Not if It's 'Processed' Source: Gluten-Free Living. 5(6): 1, 13. November-December 2000. Contact: Available from Gluten-Free Living. P.O. Box 105, Hastings-On-Hudson, NY 10706. (914) 969-2018. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.celiac.com. Summary: This newsletter article for people following a gluten free diet (to treat celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis, for example) explains how to incorporate cheese into one's diet. The author stresses that, with the exception of French Roquefort, 'real' cheese is a top quality food that people with celiac disease can enjoy to the fullest, though perhaps not if they are overweight, severely lactose intolerant, or have high cholesterol. The author briefly reviews the categories of cheese (fresh, soft fermented,

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and hard fermented), emphasizing the benefits of buying quality cheeses. The author explains why Roquefort may be off limits; it is made from sheep's milk and aged with mold spores that form on specially baked loaves of rye bread. The cheese therefore contains gliadins, albeit in tiny amounts and perhaps rendered harmless by the mold spores themselves. The article concludes with a discussion of 'processed' cheese, which is usually made from a combination of natural cheese, vegetable based gums, dyes, emulsifiers, and stabilizers, any of which may contain gluten. One sidebar offers a recipe for goat cheese dip, the availability of a kit to make mozzarella, and summaries of two books about cheese.

Academic Periodicals covering Dermatitis Herpetiformis Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering dermatitis herpetiformis that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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CHAPTER 7. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for dermatitis herpetiformis. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI“ Advice for the Patient“ can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).

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Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult• Mosby’s Drug Consult• database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/.

PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html.

Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee.

Researching Orphan Drugs Although the list of orphan drugs is revised on a daily basis, you can quickly research orphan drugs that might be applicable to dermatitis herpetiformis by using the database managed by the National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. (NORD), at http://www.rarediseases.org/. Scroll down the page, and on the left toolbar, click on “Orphan Drug Designation Database.” On this page (http://www.rarediseases.org/search/noddsearch.html), type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.” When you receive your results, note that not all of the drugs may be relevant, as some may have been withdrawn from orphan status. Write down or print out the name of each drug and the relevant contact information. From there, visit the Pharmacopeia Web site and type the name of each orphan drug into the search box at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. You may need to contact the sponsor or NORD for further information. NORD conducts “early access programs for investigational new drugs (IND) under the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) approval ‘Treatment INDs’ programs which allow for a limited number of individuals to receive investigational drugs before FDA marketing approval.” If the orphan product about which you are seeking information is approved for

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marketing, information on side effects can be found on the product’s label. If the product is not approved, you may need to contact the sponsor. The following is a list of orphan drugs currently listed in the NORD Orphan Drug Designation Database for dermatitis herpetiformis: x

Sulfadiazine http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=275

x

Sulfapyridine http://www.rarediseases.org/nord/search/nodd_full?code=899

If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute10: x

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

x

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

x

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

x

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

x

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

x

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

x

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

x

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

10

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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x

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

x

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

x

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

x

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

x

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

x

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

x

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

x

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

x

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

x

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

x

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

x

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

x

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

x

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

x

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

x

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

x

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

x

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

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NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.11 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:12 x

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

x

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

x

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

x

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

x

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

x

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

x

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

x

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

x

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

x

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

x

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

11 Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 12 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html.

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x

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

x

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The NLM Gateway13 The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.14 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 2450 15 617 0 10 3092

HSTAT15 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.16 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.17 Simply search by “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

13

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x.

14

The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

15

Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html.

16

The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/.

17

Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations.

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Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists18 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.19 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.20 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: x

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

x

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

18 Adapted 19

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html.

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 20 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process.

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on dermatitis herpetiformis can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to dermatitis herpetiformis. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly.

The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below.

Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to dermatitis herpetiformis. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “dermatitis herpetiformis”:

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Dermatitis http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dermatitis.html Eczema http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eczema.html Skin Diseases http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skindiseases.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search.

The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on dermatitis herpetiformis. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: x

Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: Omaha, NE: Celiac Sprue Association/United States of America, Inc. (CSA/USA). 200x. [4 p.]. Contact: Available from Celiac Sprue Association/United States of America, Inc.(CSA/USA). P.O. Box 31700, Omaha, NE 68131-0700. (402) 558-0600. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.csaceliacs.org. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an important associated disorder or complication of celiac disease, a condition of gluten intolerance in which the small intestinal lining is damaged by a protein fraction of gluten called gliadin. DH is characterized as an intensely itchy skin eruption distinguished by the formation of small papules or vesicles. Although its severity may vary, it persists indefinitely and is a lifelong condition. This brochure describes DH, including the genetics, immune system changes in CH, treatment strategies, and associated disorders. The brochure emphasizes that the gluten-free diet has distinct advantages for the patient with DH: it reduces the drug therapy necessary and its associated complications; it provides an improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms; and the gluten free diet is a therapy aimed at the cause rather than the symptoms of the disease. The brochure concludes with the contact information for the Celiac Sprue Association/United States of American, Inc., a national support organization that offers information and referral services. (www.csaceliacs.org).

Patient Resources

x

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Gluten Intolerance Group of North America: Serving Those with Celiac Sprue and Dermatitis Herpetiformis Source: Seattle, WA: Gluten Intolerance Group of North America. 199x. 2 p. Contact: Available from Gluten Intolerance Group of North America. P.O. Box 23053, Seattle, WA 98102-0353. (206) 325-6980. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This brochure describes gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE), a group of hereditary immune system disorders that includes celiac sprue (CS), dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and transient gluten intolerance. In these disorders, protein fractions in wheat, rye, oats, and barley set off a chain of events that leads to tissue damage. The brochure describes the symptoms of these disorders, diagnosis, and treatment options, which primarily involve the institution of a gluten-free diet (avoiding wheat, rye, oats, and barley). The author emphasizes that proper substitutions can make the diets of persons with GSE varied and appealing. Combinations of rice, corn, soy, and potato flours are used to make cookies, pasta, cakes, and breads. The brochure lists immune system disorders associated with celiac sprue and DH, including type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, Graves' disease, Addisons' disease, and myasthenia gravis. The brochure also describes the Gluten Intolerance Group of North America, an organization that offers assistance to persons with celiac sprue or dermatitis herpetiformis through publications, outreach programs, local chapter support, advocacy, funding of research, and increasing awareness of these diseases. The brochure lists some of the publications and videotapes available from the organization. (AA-M).

The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to dermatitis herpetiformis. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html.

Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: x

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

x

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

x

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

x

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

x

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

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x

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

x

WebMD“Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to dermatitis herpetiformis. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with dermatitis herpetiformis.

The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about dermatitis herpetiformis. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797.

Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information.

The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “dermatitis herpetiformis”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “dermatitis

Patient Resources

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herpetiformis” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “dermatitis herpetiformis” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.21

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

21

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)22: x

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

x

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

x

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

x

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

x

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

x

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

x

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

x

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

x

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

x

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

x

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

x

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

x

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

x

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

x

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

x

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

x

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

x

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

22

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

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x

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

x

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

x

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

x

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

x

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

x

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

x

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

x

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

x

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

x

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

x

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

x

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

x

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

x

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

x

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

x

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

x

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

x

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

x

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

x

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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x

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

x

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

x

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

x

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

x

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

x

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

x

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

x

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

x

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

x

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

x

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

x

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

x

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

x

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

x

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

x

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

x

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

x

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

x

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

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x

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

x

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

x

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

x

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

x

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

x

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

x

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

x

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

x

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

x

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

x

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

x

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

x

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

x

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

x

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

x

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

x

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

x

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

x

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

x

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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x

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

x

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

x

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

x

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

93

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: x

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

x

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

x

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

x

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

x

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

x

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

x

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: x

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

x

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

x

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

x

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

95

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. [NIH] Acantholysis: Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see pemphigus) and keratosis follicularis. [NIH] Acne: A disorder of the skin marked by inflammation of oil glands and hair glands. [NIH] Acne Vulgaris: A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. [NIH] Adenovirus: A group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections. Adenoviruses used in gene therapy are altered to carry a specific tumor-fighting gene. [NIH] Adjuvant: A substance which aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy; in immunology, nonspecific stimulator (e.g., BCG vaccine) of the immune response. [EU] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Agranulocytosis: A decrease in the number of granulocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils). [NIH] Albumin: 1. Any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. 2. Serum albumin; the major plasma protein (approximately 60 per cent of the total), which is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and serves as a transport protein carrying large organic anions, such as fatty acids, bilirubin, and many drugs, and also carrying certain hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, when their specific binding globulins are saturated. Albumin is synthesized in the liver. Low serum levels occur in protein malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease. [EU] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alimentary: Pertaining to food or nutritive material, or to the organs of digestion. [EU] Alleles: Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. [NIH] Allografts: A graft of tissue obtained from the body of another animal of the same species but with genotype differing from that of the recipient; tissue graft from a donor of one genotype to a host of another genotype with host and donor being members of the same species. [NIH] Alopecia: Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments.

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Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. [NIH] Anaemia: A reduction below normal in the number of erythrocytes per cu. mm., in the quantity of haemoglobin, or in the volume of packed red cells per 100 ml. of blood which occurs when the equilibrium between blood loss (through bleeding or destruction) and blood production is disturbed. [EU] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Anaphylatoxins: The family of peptides C3a, C4a, C5a, and C5a des-arginine produced in the serum during complement activation. They produce smooth muscle contraction, mast cell histamine release, affect platelet aggregation, and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from strongest to weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. The latter is the so-called "classical" anaphylatoxin but shows no spasmogenic activity though it contains some chemotactic ability. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Anemia: A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. [NIH] Anorexia: Lack or loss of appetite for food. Appetite is psychologic, dependent on memory and associations. Anorexia can be brought about by unattractive food, surroundings, or company. [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the antigen that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with an antigen closely related to it. [NIH] Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH]

Dictionary 97

Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes immune complex diseases. [NIH] Anti-infective: An agent that so acts. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Aseptic: Free from infection or septic material; sterile. [EU] Asymptomatic: Having no signs or symptoms of disease. [NIH] Atrophy: Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. [NIH] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (autoantigens) of the organism that produced them. [NIH] Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with autoantibodies and cause an immune response. [NIH] Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. [NIH] Autologous: Taken from an individual's own tissues, cells, or DNA. [NIH] Avidin: A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with biotin to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Bacterium: Microscopic organism which may have a spherical, rod-like, or spiral unicellular or non-cellular body. Bacteria usually reproduce through asexual processes. [NIH] Basement Membrane: Ubiquitous supportive tissue adjacent to epithelium and around smooth and striated muscle cells. This tissue contains intrinsic macromolecular components such as collagen, laminin, and sulfated proteoglycans. As seen by light microscopy one of its subdivisions is the basal (basement) lamina. [NIH] Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes. [NIH] Benign: Not cancerous; does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile duct: A tube through which bile passes in and out of the liver. [NIH]

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Biliary: Having to do with the liver, bile ducts, and/or gallbladder. [NIH] Binding Sites: The reactive parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Blister: Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis. [NIH] Bloating: Fullness or swelling in the abdomen that often occurs after meals. [NIH] Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Body Mass Index: One of the anthropometric measures of body mass; it has the highest correlation with skinfold thickness or body density. [NIH] Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Buccal: Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the buccal surface of a tooth. [EU] Bullous: Pertaining to or characterized by bullae. [EU] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Callus: A callosity or hard, thick skin; the bone-like reparative substance that is formed round the edges and fragments of broken bone. [NIH] Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. [NIH]

Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Case series: A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual

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patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NIH] Celiac Disease: A disease characterized by intestinal malabsorption and precipitated by gluten-containing foods. The intestinal mucosa shows loss of villous structure. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Character: In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. [NIH] Chemotactic Factors: Chemical substances that attract or repel cells or organisms. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract leukocytes, macrophages, or other cells to the site of infection or insult. [NIH] Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [NIH] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Cicatricial: Ectropion due to scar tissue on the margins or the surrounding surfaces of the eyelids. [NIH] Cirrhosis: A type of chronic, progressive liver disease. [NIH] CIS: Cancer Information Service. The CIS is the National Cancer Institute's link to the public, interpreting and explaining research findings in a clear and understandable manner, and providing personalized responses to specific questions about cancer. Access the CIS by calling 1-800-4-CANCER, or by using the Web site at http://cis.nci.nih.gov. [NIH] Clinical study: A research study in which patients receive treatment in a clinic or other medical facility. Reports of clinical studies can contain results for single patients (case reports) or many patients (case series or clinical trials). [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Colitis: Inflammation of the colon. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The

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remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complement Activation: The sequential activation of serum components C1 through C9, initiated by an erythrocyte-antibody complex or by microbial polysaccharides and properdin, and producing an inflammatory response. [NIH] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Concomitant: Accompanying; accessory; joined with another. [EU] Congestion: Excessive or abnormal accumulation of blood in a part. [EU] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH]

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Connective Tissue Cells: A group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells. [NIH] Constitutional: 1. Affecting the whole constitution of the body; not local. 2. Pertaining to the constitution. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Control group: In a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared to the group that receives the new treatment, to see if the new treatment works. [NIH] Conventional therapy: A currently accepted and widely used treatment for a certain type of disease, based on the results of past research. Also called conventional treatment. [NIH] Conventional treatment: A currently accepted and widely used treatment for a certain type of disease, based on the results of past research. Also called conventional therapy. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cutaneous: Having to do with the skin. [NIH] Cyclosporine: A drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection of organ and bone marrow transplants by the body. It is also used in clinical trials to make cancer cells more sensitive to anticancer drugs. [NIH] Cytokine: Small but highly potent protein that modulates the activity of many cell types, including T and B cells. [NIH] Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell. [EU] Cytotoxic: Cell-killing. [NIH] Degenerative: Undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration. [EU] Dehydration: The condition that results from excessive loss of body water. [NIH] Depigmentation: Removal or loss of pigment, especially melanin. [EU] Dermatosis: Any skin disease, especially one not characterized by inflammation. [EU] Dermis: A layer of vascular connective tissue underneath the epidermis. The surface of the dermis contains sensitive papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. [NIH] Diabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders that share glucose intolerance in common. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diarrhea: Passage of excessively liquid or excessively frequent stools. [NIH] Diarrhoea: Abnormal frequency and liquidity of faecal discharges. [EU] Dietary Proteins: Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the essential

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amino acids. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Digestive tract: The organs through which food passes when food is eaten. These organs are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Discoid: Shaped like a disk. [EU] Discrete: Made up of separate parts or characterized by lesions which do not become blended; not running together; separate. [NIH] Dissection: Cutting up of an organism for study. [NIH] Dorsal: 1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference; same as posterior in human anatomy; superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine. [NIH] Dyes: Chemical substances that are used to stain and color other materials. The coloring may or may not be permanent. Dyes can also be used as therapeutic agents and test reagents in medicine and scientific research. [NIH] Dystrophic: Pertaining to toxic habitats low in nutrients. [NIH] Eczema: A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). [NIH] Effector: It is often an enzyme that converts an inactive precursor molecule into an active second messenger. [NIH] Elastic: Susceptible of resisting and recovering from stretching, compression or distortion applied by a force. [EU] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Enamel: A very hard whitish substance which covers the dentine of the anatomical crown of a tooth. [NIH] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Endotoxins: Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Eosinophil: A polymorphonuclear leucocyte with large eosinophilic granules in its cytoplasm, which plays a role in hypersensitivity reactions. [NIH] Eosinophilic: A condition found primarily in grinding workers caused by a reaction of the pulmonary tissue, in particular the eosinophilic cells, to dust that has entered the lung. [NIH]

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Epidermal: Pertaining to or resembling epidermis. Called also epidermic or epidermoid. [EU] Epidermis: Nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers: 1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); 2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); 3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); 4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and 5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis). [NIH] Epidermolysis Bullosa: Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. [NIH] Epithelial: Refers to the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Epithelium: One or more layers of epithelial cells, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body. [NIH] Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. [NIH] Erythema Multiforme: A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic "bull's-eye" lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. [NIH] Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. [NIH] Exogenous: Developed or originating outside the organism, as exogenous disease. [EU] Exotoxin: Toxic substance excreted by living bacterial cells. [NIH] Extensor: A muscle whose contraction tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a flexor. [NIH]

Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Extracellular Space: Interstitial space between cells, occupied by fluid as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. [NIH] Eye Infections: Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Febrile: Pertaining to or characterized by fever. [EU] Fibril: Most bacterial viruses have a hollow tail with specialized fibrils at its tip. The tail fibers attach to the cell wall of the host. [NIH] Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three nonidentical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas

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fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products. [NIH] Fibrinolysis: The natural enzymatic dissolution of fibrin. [NIH] Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. [NIH] Flatus: Gas passed through the rectum. [NIH] Flexor: Muscles which flex a joint. [NIH] Folate: A B-complex vitamin that is being studied as a cancer prevention agent. Also called folic acid. [NIH] Fold: A plication or doubling of various parts of the body. [NIH] Folic Acid: N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-Lglutamic acid. A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [NIH] Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi refer to those that grow as multicelluar colonies (mushrooms and molds). [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach. [EU] Gastroenteritis: An acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines, characterized by anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and weakness, which has various causes, including food poisoning due to infection with such organisms as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella species; consumption of irritating food or drink; or psychological factors such as anger, stress, and fear. Called also enterogastritis. [EU] Gastrointestinal: Refers to the stomach and intestines. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gene Therapy: The introduction of new genes into cells for the purpose of treating disease by restoring or adding gene expression. Techniques include insertion of retroviral vectors, transfection, homologous recombination, and injection of new genes into the nuclei of single cell embryos. The entire gene therapy process may consist of multiple steps. The new genes may be introduced into proliferating cells in vivo (e.g., bone marrow) or in vitro (e.g., fibroblast cultures) and the modified cells transferred to the site where the gene expression is required. Gene therapy may be particularly useful for treating enzyme deficiency diseases, hemoglobinopathies, and leukemias and may also prove useful in restoring drug sensitivity, particularly for leukemia. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH]

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Genital: Pertaining to the genitalia. [EU] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Giant Cells: Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Gliadin: Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with celiac disease. [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which the fasting plasma glucose level is less than 140 mg per deciliter and the 30-, 60-, or 90-minute plasma glucose concentration following a glucose tolerance test exceeds 200 mg per deciliter. This condition is seen frequently in diabetes mellitus but also occurs with other diseases. [NIH] Glucuronic Acid: Derivatives of uronic acid found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. They detoxify drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form glucuronides in the liver which are more water-soluble metabolites that can be easily eliminated from the body. [NIH] Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid (glutamate) is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. [NIH]

Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throught the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [NIH] Glutathione Peroxidase: An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9. [NIH]

Gluten: The protein of wheat and other grains which gives to the dough its tough elastic character. [EU] Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy: A general term that refers to celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. [NIH] Glycoprotein: A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Granulocyte: A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes. [NIH] Gravis: Eruption of watery blisters on the skin among those handling animals and animal products. [NIH] Haematological: Relating to haematology, that is that branch of medical science which treats of the morphology of the blood and blood-forming tissues. [EU]

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Haematology: The science of the blood, its nature, functions, and diseases. [NIH] Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. [NIH] Hemoglobin: One of the fractions of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when linkages of glucose and related monosaccharides bind to hemoglobin A and its concentration represents the average blood glucose level over the previous several weeks. HbA1c levels are used as a measure of long-term control of plasma glucose (normal, 4 to 6 percent). In controlled diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is within the normal range, but in uncontrolled cases the level may be 3 to 4 times the normal conentration. Generally, complications are substantially lower among patients with Hb levels of 7 percent or less than in patients with HbA1c levels of 9 percent or more. [NIH] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heparin: Heparinic acid. A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. [NIH] Hepatic: Refers to the liver. [NIH] Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes. [NIH] Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. [NIH] Hereditary: Of, relating to, or denoting factors that can be transmitted genetically from one generation to another. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Herpes: Any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpesvirus and characterized by the formation of clusters of small vesicles. When used alone, the term may refer to herpes simplex or to herpes zoster. [EU] Herpes Gestationis: An itching polymorphous bullous eruption which occurs in pregnancy or the puerperium and which recurs in successive pregnancies. [NIH] Herpes Zoster: Acute vesicular inflammation. [NIH] Herpetiformis: Duhring's disease a recurring, inflammatory disease of the skin of unknown etiology characterized by erythematous, papular, pustular, or vesicular lesions which tend to group and are accompanied by itching and burning. [NIH] Heterodimer: Zippered pair of nonidentical proteins. [NIH] Heterogeneity: The property of one or more samples or populations which implies that they are not identical in respect of some or all of their parameters, e. g. heterogeneity of variance. [NIH]

Heterogenic: Derived from a different source or species. Also called heterogenous. [NIH] Heterogenous: Derived from a different source or species. Also called heterogenic. [NIH] Histocompatibility: The degree of antigenic similarity between the tissues of different individuals, which determines the acceptance or rejection of allografts. [NIH] Histology: The study of tissues and cells under a microscope. [NIH]

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Homologous: Corresponding in structure, position, origin, etc., as (a) the feathers of a bird and the scales of a fish, (b) antigen and its specific antibody, (c) allelic chromosomes. [EU] Hormonal: Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Humoral: Of, relating to, proceeding from, or involving a bodily humour - now often used of endocrine factors as opposed to neural or somatic. [EU] Humour: 1. A normal functioning fluid or semifluid of the body (as the blood, lymph or bile) especially of vertebrates. 2. A secretion that is itself an excitant of activity (as certain hormones). [EU] Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. [NIH] Idiopathic: Describes a disease of unknown cause. [NIH] Ileal: Related to the ileum, the lowest end of the small intestine. [NIH] Ileum: The lower end of the small intestine. [NIH] Immune response: The activity of the immune system against foreign substances (antigens). [NIH]

Immune system: The organs, cells, and molecules responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign ("non-self") material which enters the body. [NIH] Immunofluorescence: A technique for identifying molecules present on the surfaces of cells or in tissues using a highly fluorescent substance coupled to a specific antibody. [NIH] Immunoglobulin: A protein that acts as an antibody. [NIH] Immunologic: The ability of the antibody-forming system to recall a previous experience with an antigen and to respond to a second exposure with the prompt production of large amounts of antibody. [NIH] Immunologic Diseases: Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated or both. [NIH] Immunology: The study of the body's immune system. [NIH] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infarction: A pathological process consisting of a sudden insufficient blood supply to an area, which results in necrosis of that area. It is usually caused by a thrombus, an embolus, or a vascular torsion. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

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Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Insulin: A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [NIH] Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development of type I diabetes. [NIH] Interferon: A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to disease). Interferons interfere with the division of cancer cells and can slow tumor growth. There are several types of interferons, including interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases. [NIH] Interferon-alpha: One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells. [NIH] Interleukin-4: Soluble factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that causes proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and Fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. [NIH] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Interstitial Collagenase: A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving fibrillar collagen. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III. EC 3.4.24.7. [NIH] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestinal Mucosa: The surface lining of the intestines where the cells absorb nutrients. [NIH] Intestine: A long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a large intestine and a small intestine. Also called the bowel. [NIH] Intoxication: Poisoning, the state of being poisoned. [EU] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intraepithelial: Within the layer of cells that form the surface or lining of an organ. [NIH] Intramuscular: IM. Within or into muscle. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Intrinsic: Situated entirely within or pertaining exclusively to a part. [EU] Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. [NIH] Ions: An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as cations; those with a negative charge are anions. [NIH]

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Ischemia: Deficiency of blood in a part, due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel. [EU] Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects. [NIH] Jejunum: That portion of the small intestine which extends from the duodenum to the ileum; called also intestinum jejunum. [EU] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Keratin: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins important both as structural proteins and as keys to the study of protein conformation. The family represents the principal constituent of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth enamel. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms an alpha-helix, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. [NIH] Keratinocytes: Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. [NIH] Keratosis: Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. [NIH] Labile: 1. Gliding; moving from point to point over the surface; unstable; fluctuating. 2. Chemically unstable. [EU] Laminin: Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Leucocyte: All the white cells of the blood and their precursors (myeloid cell series, lymphoid cell series) but commonly used to indicate granulocytes exclusive of lymphocytes. [NIH]

Leukemia: Cancer of blood-forming tissue. [NIH] Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) as well as non-granular leukocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). [NIH] Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lipid: Fat. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Lucida: An instrument, invented by Wollaton, consisting essentially of a prism or a mirror through which an object can be viewed so as to appear on a plane surface seen in direct view and on which the outline of the object may be traced. [NIH] Lupus: A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically

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involves the nasal, buccal, and conjunctival mucosa. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphocyte: A white blood cell. Lymphocytes have a number of roles in the immune system, including the production of antibodies and other substances that fight infection and diseases. [NIH] Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Lytic: 1. Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin. 2. Producing lysis. [EU] Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells. [NIH] Major Histocompatibility Complex: The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) transplantation antigens, genes which control the structure of the immune responseassociated (Ia) antigens, the immune response (Ir) genes which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement. [NIH] Malabsorption: Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. [EU] Malignancy: A cancerous tumor that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malignant: Cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. [NIH] Malnutrition: A condition caused by not eating enough food or not eating a balanced diet. [NIH]

Medical Records: Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mesenteric: Pertaining to the mesentery : a membranous fold attaching various organs to the body wall. [EU] Mesentery: A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the abdominal wall and conveys their blood vessels and nerves. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbe: An organism which cannot be observed with the naked eye; e. g. unicellular animals, lower algae, lower fungi, bacteria. [NIH]

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Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Migration: The systematic movement of genes between populations of the same species, geographic race, or variety. [NIH] Mitochondrial Swelling: Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. [NIH] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monitor: An apparatus which automatically records such physiological signs as respiration, pulse, and blood pressure in an anesthetized patient or one undergoing surgical or other procedures. [NIH] Monocyte: A type of white blood cell. [NIH] Mononuclear: A cell with one nucleus. [NIH] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Mucus: The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells. [NIH] Myasthenia: Muscular debility; any constitutional anomaly of muscle. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Nausea: An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Neoplasm: A new growth of benign or malignant tissue. [NIH] Neoplastic: Pertaining to or like a neoplasm (= any new and abnormal growth); pertaining to neoplasia (= the formation of a neoplasm). [EU] Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis,

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as the neutral arch. [EU] Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nuclear: A test of the structure, blood flow, and function of the kidneys. The doctor injects a mildly radioactive solution into an arm vein and uses x-rays to monitor its progress through the kidneys. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Ocular: 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting the eye. 2. Eyepiece. [EU] Oligopeptides: Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids. [NIH] Organ Culture: The growth in aseptic culture of plant organs such as roots or shoots, beginning with organ primordia or segments and maintaining the characteristics of the organ. [NIH] Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Overweight: An excess of body weight but not necessarily body fat; a body mass index of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Pancreatic: Having to do with the pancreas. [NIH] Parenteral: Not through the alimentary canal but rather by injection through some other route, as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraorbital, intracapsular, intraspinal, intrasternal, intravenous, etc. [EU] Parotid: The space that contains the parotid gland, the facial nerve, the external carotid artery, and the retromandibular vein. [NIH] Partial remission: The shrinking, but not complete disappearance, of a tumor in response to therapy. Also called partial response. [NIH] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathologic: 1. Indicative of or caused by a morbid condition. 2. Pertaining to pathology (= branch of medicine that treats the essential nature of the disease, especially the structural and functional changes in tissues and organs of the body caused by the disease). [EU] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pemphigus: Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by acantholysis and blister formation within the epidermis. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium. [EU]

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Peripheral blood: Blood circulating throughout the body. [NIH] Peroxidase: A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7. [NIH] Peroxide: Chemical compound which contains an atom group with two oxygen atoms tied to each other. [NIH] Petechiae: Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes and between the genotype and the environment. This includes the killer phenotype, characteristic of yeasts. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Plasma cells: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. [NIH] Plasma protein: One of the hundreds of different proteins present in blood plasma, including carrier proteins ( such albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin), fibrinogen and other coagulation factors, complement components, immunoglobulins, enzyme inhibitors, precursors of substances such as angiotension and bradykinin, and many other types of proteins. [EU] Plasmin: A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by plasminogen activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins. EC 3.4.21.7. [NIH] Plasminogen: Precursor of fibrinolysin (plasmin). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent. [NIH] Plasminogen Activators: A heterogeneous group of proteolytic enzymes that convert plasminogen to plasmin. They are concentrated in the lysosomes of most cells and in the vascular endothelium, particularly in the vessels of the microcirculation. EC 3.4.21.-. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Poisoning: A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection or inhalation of, or exposure to a deleterious agent. [NIH] Polymorphism: The occurrence together of two or more distinct forms in the same population. [NIH] Polysaccharide: A type of carbohydrate. It contains sugar molecules that are linked together chemically. [NIH] Porphyria: A group of disorders characterized by the excessive production of porphyrins or

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their precursors that arises from abnormalities in the regulation of the porphyrin-heme pathway. The porphyrias are usually divided into three broad groups, erythropoietic, hepatic, and erythrohepatic, according to the major sites of abnormal porphyrin synthesis. [NIH]

Porphyrins: A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. [NIH] Postmenopausal: Refers to the time after menopause. Menopause is the time in a woman's life when menstrual periods stop permanently; also called "change of life." [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Prickle: Several layers of the epidermis where the individual cells are connected by cell bridges. [NIH] Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Irritation, scarring, and narrowing of the bile ducts inside and outside the liver. Bile builds up in the liver and may damage its cells. Many people with this condition also have ulcerative colitis. [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. [NIH] Proteolytic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting proteolysis. 2. An enzyme that promotes proteolysis (= the splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides). [EU] Prothrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to

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thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia. [NIH]

Protozoa: A subkingdom consisting of unicellular organisms that are the simplest in the animal kingdom. Most are free living. They range in size from submicroscopic to macroscopic. Protozoa are divided into seven phyla: Sarcomastigophora, Labyrinthomorpha, Apicomplexa, Microspora, Ascetospora, Myxozoa, and Ciliophora. [NIH] Pruritic: Pertaining to or characterized by pruritus. [EU] Pruritus: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. [NIH] Psoriasis: A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Psychoactive: Those drugs which alter sensation, mood, consciousness or other psychological or behavioral functions. [NIH] Psychosomatic: Pertaining to the mind-body relationship; having bodily symptoms of psychic, emotional, or mental origin; called also psychophysiologic. [EU] Psychosomatic Medicine: A system of medicine which aims at discovering the exact nature of the relationship between the emotions and bodily function, affirming the principle that the mind and body are one. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing. [NIH]

Puerperium: Period from delivery of the placenta until return of the reproductive organs to their normal nonpregnant morphologic state. In humans, the puerperium generally lasts for six to eight weeks. [NIH] Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Pustular: Pertaining to or of the nature of a pustule; consisting of pustules (= a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis). [EU] Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment. [NIH] Quiescent: Marked by a state of inactivity or repose. [EU] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH]

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Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Reticular: Coarse-fibered, netlike dermis layer. [NIH] Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs. [NIH] Retrospective: Looking back at events that have already taken place. [NIH] Retrospective study: A study that looks backward in time, usually using medical records and interviews with patients who already have or had a disease. [NIH] Rheumatism: A group of disorders marked by inflammation or pain in the connective tissue structures of the body. These structures include bone, cartilage, and fat. [NIH] Rheumatoid: Resembling rheumatism. [EU] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. [NIH] Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. [NIH] Schizoid: Having qualities resembling those found in greater degree in schizophrenics; a person of schizoid personality. [NIH] Schizophrenia: A mental disorder characterized by a special type of disintegration of the personality. [NIH] Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia. [NIH] Scleroderma: A chronic disorder marked by hardening and thickening of the skin. Scleroderma can be localized or it can affect the entire body (systemic). [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Secretory: Secreting; relating to or influencing secretion or the secretions. [NIH] Segregation: The separation in meiotic cell division of homologous chromosome pairs and their contained allelomorphic gene pairs. [NIH] Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large

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amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase. [NIH] Senile: Relating or belonging to old age; characteristic of old age; resulting from infirmity of old age. [NIH] Serologic: Analysis of a person's serum, especially specific immune or lytic serums. [NIH] Serology: The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro. [NIH] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Signs and Symptoms: Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. [NIH] Skin test: A test for an immune response to a compound by placing it on or under the skin. [NIH]

Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Specificity: Degree of selectivity shown by an antibody with respect to the number and types of antigens with which the antibody combines, as well as with respect to the rates and the extents of these reactions. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH] Spinous: Like a spine or thorn in shape; having spines. [NIH] Spleen: An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach. [NIH] Spores: The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as protozoa, fungi, and cryptogamic plants. [NIH] Sprue: A non febrile tropical disease of uncertain origin. [NIH] Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: A disease of infants due to group 2 phage type 17

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staphylococci that produce an epidermolytic exotoxin. Superficial fine vesicles and bullae form and rupture easily, resulting in loss of large sheets of epidermis. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Strand: DNA normally exists in the bacterial nucleus in a helix, in which two strands are coiled together. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Subcutaneous: Beneath the skin. [NIH] Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases. [NIH] Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods. [NIH] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systemic disease: Disease that affects the whole body. [NIH] Systemic lupus erythematosus: SLE. A chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys, inflammation of the fibrous tissue surrounding the heart (i.e., the pericardium), as well as other problems. Not all affected individuals display all of these problems. May be referred to as lupus. [NIH] Teratogenic: Tending to produce anomalies of formation, or teratism (= anomaly of formation or development : condition of a monster). [EU] Tetracycline: An antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces viridifaciens, but used mostly in synthetic form. It is an inhibitor of aminoacyl-tRNA binding during protein synthesis. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombolytic: 1. Dissolving or splitting up a thrombus. 2. A thrombolytic agent. [EU] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. It is often caused by a bacterium. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. [NIH] Tonsils: Small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. [NIH] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and

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pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxins: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often proteins, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants, or animals. [NIH] Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. [NIH] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tumor Necrosis Factor: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes which has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. It mimics the action of endotoxin but differs from it. It has a molecular weight of less than 70,000 kDa. [NIH] Tumour: 1. Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammations; morbid enlargement. 2. A new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive; called also neoplasm. [EU] Tunica: A rather vague term to denote the lining coat of hollow organs, tubes, or cavities. [NIH]

Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ulceration: 1. The formation or development of an ulcer. 2. An ulcer. [EU] Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. This condition is marked by abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. [NIH] Urokinase: A drug that dissolves blood clots or prevents them from forming. [NIH] Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Vesicular: 1. Composed of or relating to small, saclike bodies. 2. Pertaining to or made up of vesicles on the skin. [EU] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Villous: Of a surface, covered with villi. [NIH] Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. [NIH]

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Viruses: Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells. [NIH] Viscosity: A physical property of fluids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces. [EU] Vitiligo: A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Wart: A raised growth on the surface of the skin or other organ. [NIH] White blood cell: A type of cell in the immune system that helps the body fight infection and disease. White blood cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and others. [NIH]

Windpipe: A rigid tube, 10 cm long, extending from the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra. [NIH] Withdrawal: 1. A pathological retreat from interpersonal contact and social involvement, as may occur in schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders. 2. (DSM III-R) A substance-specific organic brain syndrome that follows the cessation of use or reduction in intake of a psychoactive substance that had been regularly used to induce a state of intoxication. [EU] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] Yeasts: A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae; therapeutic dried yeast is dried yeast. [NIH]

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INDEX A Abdominal, 7, 41, 60, 95, 104, 110, 112, 119 Abdominal Pain, 7, 95, 104, 119 Acantholysis, 95, 112 Acne, 40, 58, 95, 109 Acne Vulgaris, 95, 109 Adenovirus, 10, 11, 95 Adjuvant, 56, 95 Adverse Effect, 95, 109, 117 Agranulocytosis, 47, 95 Albumin, 95, 97, 113 Algorithms, 95, 98 Alimentary, 95, 112 Alleles, 3, 95 Allografts, 95, 106 Alopecia, 4, 95 Alternative medicine, 66, 95 Amino acid, 96, 102, 105, 112, 114 Amino Acid Sequence, 96 Ammonia, 96, 105 Anaemia, 35, 96 Anaesthesia, 96, 107 Anaphylatoxins, 96, 100 Anatomical, 15, 96, 102 Anemia, 7, 11, 60, 64, 96, 104 Anorexia, 96, 104 Antibacterial, 96, 117, 118 Antibiotic, 96, 117, 118 Antibodies, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 22, 25, 28, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 52, 96, 97, 110, 113 Antibody, 15, 47, 56, 96, 97, 100, 107, 117 Antigen, 3, 14, 26, 56, 96, 97, 100, 105, 107, 117 Antigen-Antibody Complex, 97, 100 Anti-infective, 97, 108 Arteries, 97, 98, 101, 110 Aseptic, 97, 112 Asymptomatic, 6, 11, 46, 60, 97 Atrophy, 15, 37, 95, 97 Atypical, 39, 97 Autoantibodies, 14, 33, 97 Autoantigens, 97 Autoimmune disease, 7, 97 Autologous, 56, 97 Avidin, 52, 97 B Bacteria, 96, 97, 103, 110, 111, 117 Bacterium, 97, 118

Basement Membrane, 12, 56, 97, 103, 109 Basophils, 95, 97, 105, 109 Benign, 31, 97, 111 Bile, 97, 98, 104, 107, 109, 114 Bile duct, 97, 98, 114 Biliary, 41, 98 Binding Sites, 21, 48, 98 Biochemical, 95, 98 Biopsy, 5, 19, 98 Biotechnology, 8, 66, 77, 98 Blister, 5, 41, 48, 98, 112 Bloating, 64, 98 Blood Glucose, 98, 106, 108 Blood vessel, 98, 109, 110, 119 Body Mass Index, 98, 112 Bone Marrow, 98, 101, 104 Bowel, 6, 20, 21, 36, 46, 57, 98, 108, 119 Buccal, 12, 98, 110 Bullous, 9, 12, 19, 26, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 46, 49, 98, 106 C Calcium, 98, 100, 115 Callus, 98, 109 Carcinoma, 60, 98 Case report, 30, 32, 33, 39, 56, 98, 99 Case series, 98, 99 Celiac Disease, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 27, 45, 50, 58, 63, 64, 67, 82, 99, 105 Cell Division, 97, 99, 113, 116 Central Nervous System, 64, 99, 105 Character, 99, 101, 105 Chemotactic Factors, 99, 100 Cholesterol, 67, 97, 99 Chromosome, 3, 99, 109, 116 Chronic, 5, 7, 14, 31, 42, 60, 83, 95, 99, 107, 112, 115, 116, 118, 119 Cicatricial, 56, 99 Cirrhosis, 41, 99 CIS, 27, 99 Clinical study, 45, 57, 99 Clinical trial, 6, 77, 99, 101 Cloning, 98, 99 Colitis, 99 Collagen, 96, 97, 99, 108, 114, 116 Colon, 99, 109, 119 Complement, 19, 36, 39, 43, 56, 96, 100, 110, 113 Complement Activation, 39, 96, 100

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Complementary and alternative medicine, 55, 58, 100 Complementary medicine, 55, 100 Computational Biology, 77, 100 Concomitant, 4, 100 Congestion, 100, 103 Connective Tissue, 4, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 110, 116, 118 Connective Tissue Cells, 100, 101 Constitutional, 101, 111 Contraindications, ii, 101 Control group, 5, 101 Conventional therapy, 18, 101 Conventional treatment, 101 Coronary, 101, 110 Coronary Thrombosis, 101, 110 Criterion, 18, 101 Curative, 101, 118 Cutaneous, 6, 12, 13, 18, 24, 29, 38, 39, 101, 109 Cyclosporine, 18, 101 Cytokine, 6, 46, 101 Cytoplasm, 97, 101, 102 Cytotoxic, 57, 101 D Degenerative, 101, 106 Dehydration, 64, 101 Depigmentation, 101, 120 Dermatosis, 20, 31, 33, 38, 46, 101 Dermis, 101, 116 Diabetes Mellitus, 101, 105, 106 Diagnostic procedure, 59, 66, 101 Diarrhea, 7, 60, 64, 101 Diarrhoea, 101, 104 Dietary Proteins, 6, 101 Digestion, 11, 36, 60, 95, 97, 98, 102, 108, 109, 118 Digestive tract, 102, 117 Direct, iii, 8, 16, 18, 102, 109, 116 Discoid, 49, 102 Discrete, 102, 105 Dissection, 23, 102 Dorsal, 102, 103 Drug Interactions, 70, 102 Duodenum, 18, 97, 102, 109, 118 Dyes, 68, 97, 102 Dystrophic, 102, 103 E Eczema, 60, 82, 102 Effector, 100, 102 Elastic, 28, 48, 102, 105 Embryo, 102, 107

Enamel, 14, 15, 102, 109 Endogenous, 97, 102 Endotoxins, 100, 102 Environmental Health, 76, 78, 102 Enzymatic, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104 Enzyme, 60, 102, 104, 105, 113, 114, 118, 120 Eosinophil, 45, 102 Eosinophilic, 19, 102 Epidermal, 19, 40, 103, 109 Epidermis, 95, 98, 101, 103, 109, 112, 114, 115, 118 Epidermolysis Bullosa, 46, 103 Epithelial, 60, 103, 106, 109 Epithelial Cells, 103, 106, 109 Epithelium, 22, 42, 97, 103 Erythema, 29, 103, 119 Erythema Multiforme, 29, 103 Erythrocytes, 96, 98, 103 Exogenous, 102, 103 Exotoxin, 103, 118 Extensor, 6, 103, 115, 120 Extracellular, 16, 100, 103 Extracellular Matrix, 16, 100, 103 Extracellular Space, 103 Eye Infections, 95, 103 F Family Planning, 77, 103 Fat, 98, 103, 109, 112, 116 Fatigue, 60, 64, 103 Febrile, 103, 117 Fibril, 103, 116 Fibrinogen, 103, 113, 118 Fibrinolysis, 44, 104 Fibrosis, 104, 116 Flatus, 104 Flexor, 103, 104 Folate, 35, 104 Fold, 104, 110 Folic Acid, 53, 104 Fungi, 103, 104, 110, 111, 117, 120 G Gallbladder, 95, 98, 104 Gas, 64, 96, 104, 112 Gastrin, 104, 107 Gastritis, 33, 104 Gastroenteritis, 19, 104 Gastrointestinal, 5, 6, 7, 17, 23, 28, 31, 46, 52, 82, 104 Gene, 27, 95, 98, 104, 116 Gene Therapy, 95, 104 Genetics, 23, 82, 104

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Genital, 42, 105 Genotype, 95, 105, 113 Giant Cells, 105, 116 Gland, 105, 110, 112, 116, 118 Gliadin, 6, 11, 16, 21, 30, 32, 44, 45, 82, 105 Glucose, 98, 101, 105, 106, 108 Glucose Intolerance, 101, 105 Glucuronic Acid, 105, 106 Glutamic Acid, 104, 105, 114 Glutamine, 60, 105 Glutathione Peroxidase, 105, 117 Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy, 6, 16, 46, 83, 105 Glycoprotein, 103, 105, 109, 119 Governing Board, 105, 114 Granulocyte, 105, 108 Gravis, 83, 105 H Haematological, 18, 105 Haematology, 57, 105, 106 Heme, 106, 114 Hemoglobin, 96, 103, 106, 114 Hemorrhage, 106, 115 Heparin, 9, 106 Hepatic, 25, 95, 106, 114 Hepatitis, 83, 106 Hepatocytes, 106 Hereditary, 5, 83, 106, 113 Heredity, 95, 104, 106 Herpes, 12, 106 Herpes Gestationis, 12, 106 Herpes Zoster, 106 Herpetiformis, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 67, 82, 83, 105, 106 Heterodimer, 27, 106 Heterogeneity, 27, 29, 106 Heterogenic, 106 Heterogenous, 7, 106 Histocompatibility, 3, 25, 27, 28, 35, 106 Histology, 22, 26, 106 Homologous, 95, 104, 107, 116 Hormonal, 97, 107 Hormone, 35, 67, 104, 107, 108, 118 Humoral, 30, 52, 107 Humour, 107 Hypersensitivity, 20, 102, 107 I Idiopathic, 107, 116

Ileal, 49, 107 Ileum, 107, 109 Immune response, 6, 16, 95, 97, 107, 110, 117 Immune system, 82, 83, 107, 110, 120 Immunofluorescence, 9, 12, 18, 21, 31, 33, 107 Immunoglobulin, 28, 33, 96, 107 Immunologic, 31, 99, 107 Immunologic Diseases, 31, 107 Immunology, 11, 13, 15, 19, 27, 42, 43, 45, 47, 56, 95, 107 In vitro, 11, 12, 104, 107, 117 In vivo, 104, 106, 107 Induction, 56, 60, 107 Infarction, 101, 107, 110 Infection, 97, 99, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 119, 120 Inflammation, 6, 95, 99, 101, 103, 104, 106, 108, 112, 113, 116, 118, 119 Ingestion, 60, 108, 113 Insulin, 27, 29, 108 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 27, 29, 108 Interferon, 20, 108 Interferon-alpha, 108 Interleukin-4, 20, 108 Interstitial, 19, 48, 103, 108 Interstitial Collagenase, 19, 48, 108 Intestinal, 7, 15, 18, 26, 30, 45, 49, 50, 52, 56, 60, 82, 99, 108, 110 Intestinal Mucosa, 18, 99, 108 Intestine, 5, 98, 108, 109 Intoxication, 108, 120 Intracellular, 107, 108, 117 Intraepithelial, 29, 30, 108 Intramuscular, 108, 112 Intravenous, 108, 112 Intrinsic, 97, 108 Iodine, 5, 30, 108 Ions, 108, 115 Ischemia, 97, 109 Isotretinoin, 20, 109 J Jejunum, 19, 29, 109 K Kb, 76, 109 Keratin, 109 Keratinocytes, 48, 109 Keratosis, 16, 95, 109 L Labile, 100, 109

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Laminin, 48, 97, 109 Large Intestine, 102, 108, 109, 115, 117 Lesion, 22, 109, 119 Leucocyte, 102, 109 Leukemia, 42, 104, 109 Leukocytes, 97, 98, 99, 108, 109, 113, 119 Linkage, 10, 109 Lipid, 108, 109 Liver, 9, 29, 95, 97, 98, 99, 104, 105, 106, 109, 114, 116 Localized, 34, 107, 109, 113, 116, 119 Lucida, 109 Lupus, 4, 15, 49, 109, 118 Lymph, 107, 110, 116 Lymph node, 110, 116 Lymphocyte, 13, 97, 110 Lymphoid, 96, 109, 110, 118 Lymphoma, 4, 5, 25, 34, 36, 41, 44, 57, 60, 110 Lytic, 110, 117 M Macrophage, 39, 110 Major Histocompatibility Complex, 108, 110 Malabsorption, 35, 60, 64, 99, 110 Malignancy, 5, 35, 110 Malignant, 5, 35, 36, 57, 110, 111, 116 Malnutrition, 64, 95, 97, 110 Medical Records, 7, 110, 116 MEDLINE, 77, 110 Membrane, 36, 100, 103, 109, 110, 111 Meninges, 99, 110 Mental, iv, 6, 76, 78, 103, 110, 115, 116 Mesenteric, 36, 110 Mesentery, 110 MI, 93, 110 Microbe, 110, 118 Microbiology, 97, 111 Migration, 7, 111 Mitochondrial Swelling, 111 Modification, 96, 111, 115 Molecular, 25, 37, 77, 79, 98, 100, 103, 106, 111, 113, 119 Molecule, 97, 98, 100, 102, 111, 115 Monitor, 33, 44, 111, 112 Monocyte, 13, 111 Mononuclear, 111, 119 Morphological, 23, 24, 102, 111 Morphology, 22, 23, 26, 43, 45, 105, 111 Mucosa, 12, 30, 39, 45, 110, 111 Mucus, 111, 119 Myasthenia, 83, 111

Myocardium, 110, 111 N Nausea, 104, 111 NCI, 1, 75, 99, 111 Necrosis, 20, 107, 110, 111, 116 Neoplasm, 111, 116, 119 Neoplastic, 110, 111 Nervous System, 99, 111 Neural, 107, 111 Neutrophil, 7, 38, 112 Nitrogen, 105, 112 Nuclear, 30, 111, 112 Nucleus, 97, 101, 111, 112, 118 O Ocular, 56, 112 Oligopeptides, 60, 112 Organ Culture, 6, 21, 112 Osteoporosis, 7, 60, 64, 112 Overweight, 52, 67, 112 P Palliative, 112, 118 Pancreas, 95, 108, 112 Pancreatic, 36, 112 Parenteral, 9, 112 Parotid, 112, 116 Partial remission, 112, 116 Pathogenesis, 7, 47, 112 Pathologic, 98, 101, 107, 112, 115 Patient Education, 82, 88, 90, 93, 112 Pemphigus, 30, 38, 40, 95, 112 Peptide, 96, 109, 112, 114 Pericarditis, 42, 112 Peripheral blood, 38, 108, 113 Peroxidase, 44, 52, 55, 113 Peroxide, 105, 113 Petechiae, 39, 113 Pharmacologic, 113, 119 Phenotype, 10, 25, 113 Physiologic, 113, 115 Plants, 105, 111, 113, 117, 119 Plasma, 95, 96, 103, 105, 106, 113, 114 Plasma cells, 96, 113 Plasma protein, 95, 113, 114 Plasmin, 113 Plasminogen, 19, 48, 113 Plasminogen Activators, 113 Pneumonia, 101, 113 Poisoning, 104, 108, 111, 113 Polymorphism, 10, 27, 40, 113 Polysaccharide, 97, 113, 114 Porphyria, 36, 113 Porphyrins, 113, 114

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Postmenopausal, 112, 114 Practice Guidelines, 78, 114 Precursor, 102, 113, 114 Prevalence, 7, 41, 114 Prickle, 95, 109, 114 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, 9, 114 Progression, 42, 114 Progressive, 99, 111, 114, 119 Proline, 60, 99, 114 Prospective study, 3, 114 Protein S, 98, 114, 118 Proteins, 44, 60, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 119 Proteoglycans, 97, 114 Proteolytic, 41, 100, 104, 113, 114 Prothrombin, 33, 114, 118 Protozoa, 115, 117 Pruritic, 60, 102, 115 Pruritus, 56, 115 Psoriasis, 40, 115 Psychic, 110, 115 Psychoactive, 115, 120 Psychosomatic, 56, 115 Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 115 Public Policy, 77, 115 Publishing, 8, 115 Puerperium, 106, 115 Purpura, 39, 115 Pustular, 20, 95, 106, 115 Q Quality of Life, 7, 115 Quiescent, 115, 120 R Race, 111, 115 Radioactive, 112, 115 Receptor, 22, 29, 30, 97, 115 Rectum, 100, 102, 104, 109, 115 Refer, 1, 98, 100, 104, 106, 116 Refraction, 116, 117 Remission, 34, 46, 116 Reticular, 48, 116 Reticulin, 25, 28, 116 Retrospective, 4, 48, 116 Retrospective study, 4, 116 Rheumatism, 40, 116 Rheumatoid, 28, 43, 116 Risk factor, 43, 114, 116 S Sarcoidosis, 4, 10, 116 Sarcoma, 43, 116 Schizoid, 116, 120 Schizophrenia, 116, 120

Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 116, 120 Scleroderma, 83, 116 Screening, 7, 99, 116 Secretion, 95, 107, 108, 111, 116 Secretory, 42, 116 Segregation, 4, 116 Selenium, 44, 53, 55, 116 Senile, 112, 117 Serologic, 11, 117 Serology, 25, 117 Serum, 15, 28, 44, 45, 56, 95, 96, 100, 117, 119 Side effect, 67, 69, 71, 95, 117, 118 Signs and Symptoms, 116, 117 Skin test, 20, 117 Small intestine, 24, 60, 64, 102, 107, 108, 109, 117, 119 Social Environment, 115, 117 Somatic, 107, 117 Specialist, 84, 117 Species, 95, 104, 106, 111, 115, 117, 119 Specificity, 6, 117 Spectrum, 13, 117 Sperm, 99, 117 Spinal cord, 99, 110, 111, 117 Spinous, 103, 109, 117 Spleen, 116, 117 Spores, 68, 117 Sprue, 41, 60, 64, 82, 83, 117 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, 46, 117 Stomach, 95, 102, 104, 107, 111, 117, 118 Strand, 7, 118 Stress, 5, 104, 111, 118, 119 Subcutaneous, 112, 118 Sulfapyridine, 60, 71, 118 Survival Rate, 5, 118 Symptomatic, 7, 118 Systemic, 56, 83, 107, 116, 118 Systemic disease, 56, 118 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 83, 118 T Teratogenic, 109, 118 Tetracycline, 46, 58, 118 Therapeutics, 70, 118 Thrombin, 33, 103, 114, 118 Thrombolytic, 113, 118 Thyroid, 4, 41, 108, 118 Tissue, 4, 10, 11, 14, 26, 28, 29, 47, 83, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 108, 109, 110, 111, 117, 118, 119 Tonsillitis, 14, 118

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Tonsils, 118 Topical, 109, 118 Toxic, iv, 60, 102, 103, 105, 116, 118, 119 Toxicity, 9, 10, 102, 118 Toxicology, 78, 118 Toxins, 97, 102, 105, 107, 119 Trachea, 118, 119 Transfection, 98, 104, 119 Trauma, 111, 119 Tuberculosis, 109, 119 Tumor Necrosis Factor, 14, 40, 119 Tumour, 20, 119 Tunica, 111, 119 U Ulcer, 119 Ulceration, 42, 119 Ulcerative colitis, 14, 49, 114, 119 Urokinase, 19, 48, 119 Urticaria, 60, 119 V Vascular, 29, 101, 107, 113, 119

Vascular endothelial growth factor, 29, 119 Vein, 108, 112, 119 Vesicular, 11, 49, 106, 119 Veterinary Medicine, 77, 119 Villi, 64, 119 Villous, 15, 37, 99, 119 Virulence, 118, 119 Viruses, 95, 103, 111, 119, 120 Viscosity, 16, 120 Vitiligo, 4, 120 Vitro, 106, 120 W Wart, 109, 120 White blood cell, 96, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 120 Windpipe, 118, 120 Withdrawal, 34, 120 X X-ray, 112, 120 Y Yeasts, 104, 113, 120

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