Chinese (Mandarin) - Phrase Dictionary and Study Guide (Book only)

BOOKLET ACCOMPANIES BY CASSETTE 442 3474

Phrase Dictionary and Study Guide

Chinese

(Mandarin)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GENERAL EXPRESSIONS SalUfa/ions

.•......... _......•....•....•........ 1

Visits and Introductions .....•.....•...••...••.... 1 Inquiries on the Street .......•....•....•....•.... J Everyday Expressions ... . . . . . • • . . . . • . . • • • . . • . . . . .. 3 PERSONAL NEEDS

Food At the Ac the Al the

..........................•....•....•..... Amusement Places ........••..••........... Hotel ..... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. Restauranl ..............••....•...••......

S 6 7 8

TIME, NUMBERS. COLORS

Days 01 the Week .............•....•....•....... 9 Monrhs of the Year _•••••••..•.•...... . 10

Season-Weather . ..................•....•...... .10 Time . .................••...••....•....••....... 11 Numbers ....................•....•...••........ 12 Colors .......................•...••...••........ 14 COMMUNICATIONS

At the Post Office . .........•....•....•....•..... 14 At the Telegraph Station ........•••..••.•••.•..... 15 AI the Telephone ...............•....•....•...... 15 Handling Money ...............•....•...•....... 16 At Customs .... .............••••..••....••...... 16 TRANSPORTATION

@ 1974 Educational Servtces, Washlnglon, D.C. All rights resaMtcl. No part 01 this book may be reprodlJC8d In any Iorm without permission from the publlshar.

All Languagel30 components produced In the U.S.A.

Means of Transportation .......••..•••..•••....... 17 Railway Travel ...............•....•............. 17 At tile Airport ..............•....•.............. 18 Driving an Automobile , 1B Automobile Maintenance , 20 SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND POLin EXPRESSIONS

22

Important Signs

24

ALH MBRA PUALIC LIBRARY All rr./ 11,.~. r ,I ~r-J,

Stut cassette SIDE 1 and lislen 10 the taped introduction before reading.

,

INTRODUG/ON More people speak Chinese than any other of the world's langUilges. It is the official language for the approximately 850,000,000 population of the People's Republic of China and is spoken b)' millions more in Taiwan and in the colonies of overseas Chinese in South East Asiill, North and South AmeriCill, and other parts of Ihe world. The Chinese given in the C.llSSelles and booklet is slillndard Mandarin, known in Chinese as Cwo yu (national languillge). With locilll vuiilltions, this is the native language of Jlboul 8S% oj the Chinese people. II is the medium of instruction in neuly 0111 Chinese schools, world-wide, except in Hong Kong. There are reveral other Chinese dialects that ue related linguistically. Numerically the most important of these are Cantonese (spoken in Kwangtung province, Hong Kong and overseas, including the United Slates), Wu (spoken in the Shanghai area), Amoy {spoken in Fukien, Taiwan and Singaporel, and Hakka (spoken in parts of Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Fukien and Taiwan). The first three are spoken by well over 50 million people each, while Hakka has about half as many speakers. This cassette course has been prepared to furnish you with the basic phrases you will need to communicate in Chinese: what you wish to say and what you can expect to hear in reply. The Chinese phrases you will hear when you listen to the cassettes will enable you to make yourself understood and establish communication so you can get what you want, find your way about, and make friends in China. The phrases on the cassettes arc shorl, easy to repeat and memorize, and they are the phrases that Chinese people use many times each day. The number of words and phrases employed in everyday conversation is surprisingly smarr, and the vocabulary of this cassette course includes and stresses these. Your repetition of these

key phrases will give you an instinctive grasp of how Chinese is put together. II will help you to make your own sentences as you .Iearn new words. You will discover that simply listening, readl~g, and repeating the Chinese souds will give you a heilld start In speaking modern idiomatic Chinese. After a brief introduction by Charles Berlitz, the well known linguist, you will hear phrases in English immediately translillted into Chinese, repeated twice, and followed by a pause. During the pause say the Chinese words aloud. Remember, you CilIn always stop the cassette and replay any phrase you feel unsure ilIbout. Just listening is not enough! You must repeat the words and phrases listened to, as often illS possible. Say the words aloud many times to impress them on your memory. The Chinese phrases are spoken at normal conversationilll speed, illS you will hear them spoken by Chinese people. Practice repeating them at the same speed in order to be understood. It ha:s been proven by testing that ill word spoken 10 to 20 times will impress itself on the conscious mind more reilldily thiln ill word seen 50 to 100 times. When the two systems are combined, as in this course, you will be surprised ilIt the ease with which you will acquire ill whole new vocilbulary. After reading this introduction, notice that on page 1 the English phrase is on the left, and the equivalent Chinese phrase. written in English letters, in the middle. The chJlracters Jlt the right mJlY be used 10 point out what you want 10 say if pronouncing JI phrase is difficult. The beautiful Chinese script is also well worth examining and, in time, studying as ill way of underslillnding the people ilInd culture of ChinJi. It is interesting to note that all Chinese dialects use the same writing systeman important link in national unity that makes Cantonese and Mandarin mutually understandable when wriuen, although not when spoken. Some Chinese ideographs were originally pictures, and these are frequently combined. When the character "woman," for example, is combined with that for "child:' it means "good." One woman under a roof means "peace." The combination of "tree" and "sun" form a character meaning "east," and this is sometimes explained as the morning Sun seen through the trees. However, such traditional explanations, while helpful in memoriZing the characters, do not explain everything. For example the characters "east" and "west" written in sequence represent a two syllable word meaning "thing". The word for "middle" is also the Chinese word for "China" (the Middle Kingdom), going back to an early concept that the Chinese Empire was the center of civilization, with other, less civilized nations on its fringes. Chinese grammar is relatively simple and, like English, depends largely on word order for meaning, rather than changes in word forms.

The pronoun list below will help you identify these important little words when you hear them in Chinese. English Pronunciation Chinese I

WO

yo, he, she, it

fa'

nr

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

:Ut

CHINESE

SALUTATIONS

'fir.

flI! !@ !I< 1M

:t

women nimen yo, 'fir.iJ'j .hey ta men ill! 1I'l !@ ~, :t 11' English, in common with many other languages, uses tonal changes to indicate meaning. such as the dlfference between a statement and a question. In English Ihe lone is related to the sentence pattern, and not 10 Ihe word. (Different words may be substituted to change the meaning without changing the tonal pattern of the sentence.) In Chinese the tone is an inherent pari of the word. The Chinese must, therefore, use a different method in asking questions, ralher than depending on tone alone? It is important to learn Ihe senlence patterns provided, as, otherwise, your ques-tions may not bc identified as such. Mandarin Chinese has four major tones and a fifth caned a light tone. Since the tones are pronounced correctly on Ihe cassettes, simply pronounce the words as you hear them and your own tones will be correcl. The four tones are relative to each other, not a mailer of absolute pitch, and they are given the following lone marks in the book; 1. Normal tone (flat) - ma = "mother" 2. Said as if asking question - ma = "hemp" 3. Said as if saying wh-a-a-H - rna "horse" 4. Said as if giving an order - ma = "scold"

we

GENERAL EXPRESSIONS

=

The use of Ihe same syllable in the above shows how Ihe tone can completely change the meaning of a word. Now proceed with the book and turn on the cassette. And, as soon as you are familiar with the cassette tape, put the book aside and practice repeating each phrase aloud in the time pause after the Chinese phrase is repeated for the second timc. We suggest that you play these casselles not only 411 special "study times" but at different times during the day, even when you are doing something else, like gelling dressed, having breakfast or a coffee break, sipping cocktails, ignoring a TV commercial, or in bed, before going to slccp. Each timc you hear and practice repeating the language will become casier; and the more ohen you repeat the words and phrases the beller you will remember them. Finally they will easily come to mind as needed. ·masculine, feminine and neuter gender

,

Good morning. Mt. lee.

Oliu-'in, Ii syiinsheng.

'i'-'I< 1

Good aflernoon, Mr. lee.

Wli-iin, Ii sy'insheng.

'r'/i'1i!f.~!E

Good evening. Mr. lee.

WIn-:in, Ii sy:insheng.

I!l<'/i' ,i!f.l\';!E •

How are youl

N' hiu m.lll

l>l:1!f1!'l?

1 .11m ~f)' ple.llsed 10 meel )'OU-

Wo

ll! 1ll ;to ~ JUlll>l:

Th.llnk you.

Syesye no.

Iltot!tl>l:

Pleue

Ching

li.lI

Good by.

Dzii

hen g:iusying jyin d.1u ni.

win.

$~!E

:JIll/.

VISITS ,..NO INTROOUQtONS

00 you know himl

NT rensht l'i m.lll

l>l: 112 lii fUll ?

Allow me 10 introduce him. he.

R.1Ing WQ jyes!w.u rii.

~

m~lf

IUt tiJ it:! •

l~

Jl!!

wO di ji

ll!1lIc.

Here is my urd.

Ie shr wOde mingpyin.

iliil\ll!m~!t

How do you dol

Ni hlu m.lll

''r. I!f I!!l •

Ate you Mr. leel

Ni shr Ii sy~nsheng milll

l>l:Ji!i!f.l\';!E'!ll ?

Where are you stayingl

NT juddi n.jlil

l>l: j£ :(£ mll!l ?

I am Slaying .Ill lhe hotel.

Wo

ll!

Do you speak Englishl

Ni !lwei shwo Ying wen mal

Yes, .. little.

Hwei

judl;i Iyuguin Ii.

y~ir.

j£ :(£

liHlll!J! •

l>l:tllll:ll:x"-'l {'I-!!.\ll·

?

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

I don't speak. your language welt.

Wo budi

<Jt'f';;;~iOl:tl<1I'J

Please speak slowly.

Ching ni shwo man yldyi'r.

ENClfSH

Please repeat.

hwei shwo nimende hwi.

9'J IIIi •

•

,

Ching dzii shwo yibyan.

Dweibuchi, d.ljyi'u nile.

Please come to my house lor breiJklasf. lunch

Ching ni dau wo jya lai chi-' dzauflm. jungfin

When witt she be back?

Tii shemma shihou hwei lail

Ching dzwo.

Will you have a cigarette?

Ni yau chllu fr' yan m.1

You are welcome.

Bukcchi.

May I offer you something to drink?

Ni ylu he yldy!r dUngsyi mal chr'

Do you like tea?

Ni syihwan cM mOl?

I like coflee.

We

Please remember me 10 your family. father

'P'\!(

li tai lai dzai Iya rna?

Please be seated.

has been a long time since I saw you laS!.

1t 'f' Jt9 , IT ~ tt. J • IiII ~r. "1 I~ '!i JI< ,z !i!. fiii •

wintan

Ching jlnlai.

It

tl< flJ

~

'T IH"

?

3d/.

Please come again.

0",

Please come in.

,,'

Nide e(h·dz hau rna? nyu.er

How is your sonl daughlN

INQUIRIES ON THE STREET

EIKuse me for interrupting.

Is Mrs. lee at home?

CHINESE

muchin syansheng tai tai

mother husband wife

I beg your pardon.

'" dinner

PRONUNCIATION

ENCLISH

itt~l%-~j5eJH il;j" ~J!1 ?

l!I!? iillli !i! >II Illill'l II<

It

Is Ihis the way to the bu~iness districa airport bank church hospital department Slore museum park temple railrO
)e

Please show me on this map.

Ching ni dzai ditu shang irgei wo kan.

J~

What is the name of this streel1

Ching_wen je tyau jye jylu shemma mingdzl

aM 11I1 , i£ {Ll m

tyau lu dau shang-ye chyu rna? fi.@chang yinhing jyaulang ~Iyw.in blihwogongsz bo-wu gwan

ore

llH1PII

ti ~

~~II

s· 1'(1}'P] l
Dl:.tsung shanglsz jyan myan yijing hcnjyou Ie.

fHLt '" lUili , e~lM"'J •

Ching dli wo wenhou nide ;yii.ren. Fuchin

nM ~t Ix 1111 '!if..'

{ll; tl: ~J

Il

g~n.~.in

0~

you.jeng·jyu

"''iII/; 011 if{ I"j I

<'f~

sz.AiY~u ,W h'"elan hwac

Sh1-

•

?

lJ!IT

No

Bush1-

Please

Ching

EKcuse me.

Oweibuchi.

Maybe

Yesyil

Cerlainly

Dangran

)

I[

JtT. :{£ :itiJ. l;il

J:. tfr

II. I~ '!'1 • {t}f;~¥?

EVERYDAY EXPRESSIONS

syihwan K:ff(!i.

2

1\

Ching-wen yaul;ing dzai nali?

"l

x::m

~M I:'~ , !$ h} ;{£ '»I;

Where is the pharmacyr

Il~

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

Is that so! Thank you very much.

Hen sYlhye ni.

You are welcome.

Bu

•

PRONUNCIATION

Which w.ay sh.all we

Women dzou natySu lu nel

'01

How much will it cosH Jl:ge if dwoshau chySn!

kechi.

1lI1UHIl •

I am grateful.

I am sorry.

wei hen

I don't know.

Wo bufidau.

I think so.

Wl)

•

~uchyan.

sying.. ;yOushr jeying.

I lm in .a hurry.

This is the shortest way.

Wo ddi gin shijy.n.

Ie yitySu shr dzwei jinde

fOOD

Good luck.

Ju

Be careful!

SyJusy,n!

Can you gel an interprelerl

Ni oing ~u yige I¥n-yi mal

ni hlu yun.

illJilfTll!?

What is thisl

What are you doingl

Ching-wen tse swO ddi n.$lir

ilIl rJl , ~I iii :COli 1!i!?

II

Ni ddi dzwb shemmaf

I am going to school.

We d.iu sywesyau chyis.

Please show me.

Ching gei wo Idnb.n.

Please write it.

Ching sye syltol"i.

Please draw a picture of it.

Ching ni hwisyltoliii.

Please wail unlil I come back.

Chins nJ deng wo hweilai.

We will go right away.

Women nke jyouyau dzou Ie. h~

nT yichi

•

Ching-.....en shkhang ddi n.ilil

Where is Ihe grocery storel

Ching-wen ddhwOdy.in ddi nilil

Where can I buy food.

Wo dd.i n.ili neng miilUu shfpingl

~pp'es.

bread butter ubbage chinese c.bb.ge

•

WO keyi dz3u.

Where is the m.arkeU

I w.nl to buy b.1n.1n.lS bean curd beans beef beef steak bee,

Where are you goingl

I should like 10 accompany you.

lu.

PERSONAL NEEDS

I don't think so.

Where is the loilell

CHINESE

ENGLISH

,~ ~~

rr ~IJ ¥t 'll! ;1;

,

cake candy cheese cherries chicken chocolate

T •

dams

l~ '1 V) "" ;1;.

cocoanuts coffee cream

.t. -

jjj

Wo

yau mli ping sy.ngjy:iu dOulu doudz ny6urou ny6up.ii pijyeu myilnb:iu nyouyOu biiusYints.ii b"itsli din-g:iu tJnggwo rullu y'lhgt.u j,'

chyiuken gl!li ycdz k;ift!i naiy6u

twO.

roil , iljljH£ llII 'l!I? I/j

U~ltiti.· ~lli

Jill! Ji'f 'Fall 'FIJI c.¥ ii'!i 1Il~

'Filii ~'L'~ a~

lI>: I!

1\Ii* ~lM

tf!jjt III "Pi ;l tJ

'*

;;'1

lIIl'f WlJ ~~ ~ll'lll

,

ENGLISH

d.>•., eggs fish grapes lamb

I.mo,,, IoMle, mangon meat milk oranges oyslers peaches

"',.

pineapples plums po,k

potatoes ,ice (uncooked) rice (cooked) shrimp soda .....aler ~p

.,

string beans

lomalon turnips vegelablei

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

lilT

ddudz j,"din

f!J.

pUlau yln..ou ningmt:ng lungS)'. mang-swO

'IiJ'lii

'l'J1J

*'~ lUll

"'lI!

,0,

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

~t

SyisYlngchi ~ide shr shemmol syH

Please reserve lwo lickels for friday,

Wo ylu ding lySng[~'ng sy'lngchi wilde pyiu,

l' £. lPI :lI O'HHt ilH!l ? lJ1 'Ii! lIT iii 'ill liLiI1l

AI what lime does Ihe ploly beginl

Jechu syi shbnma ,hmou kJ'"rylonl

pb,y is Kheduled next weekI

Iillili

y"

ENGliSH

AT THE HOTH

JIJ

'FjJl

nyou-nai iyudz

flail

"',

~

liT

liudz

I;

~

ill:1Ii lilT

bwCllw6 m~idz

iiirau m3lingsh\i

sy:i sUdSshwei chishwei ltng dou;yau

Wholl is lhe rate per dolyl

Chi"g-wen Utlgjyi shl dwiishlu chyS" Y;ly.lin! yisyingchi yige ywe

)Jl i(t '"

Do you accepl credit u.dsl

Nimen jyeshOu syin-yung kl moll

ti !I< iHul<

Have you .. room wilh .. balh or showe,l

Nimen you tiuUng m.. !

HolYe you an ilir condilioned room!

Ni you y6u lengcht

I wanl iI belter

wlS ylu yige hlude

Ij


j i jlj :I(;

f¥nchye

'lli'lID

Ii

IwObwo

.. iii 1\

shiltwi

ii~

AT THE AMUSEMENT PLACES

Ching.wen shemma di(olng you Iyugwln!

monlh

*

II,

Where on I find ol hoterl

w"k

l1tJlJ

m;

~

.

che..pe, luger quiet smaller

SIDE 2

,h~b~ide

fangjyl'n moll

f1ngjy'''. py.inyide

I Wilnl bedditlB_

Ch'i"8-wen dyln ying-ywlon dd,i nSln

Ie shr yige hiu dzwowU

Did you buy Ihe lickel at the box office!

Ni shr bushr ddi py;ufI"8 mIl de pyloul

6

;

hoi Wille, ice ice Willer a light a pillow

""p loilet pape'

a

lOWe!

fM fill , tt II'! Jlil1;

-r.nlfi?

iiIIllll'IJ}1J"'lJ 1'9-7t.? -lil.lPI -,w!J

it A:lc 11 9'-1

-i1r. ;A

~

IN rJl

i!Yj ?

tl!. ~ - -ul tf ir.J tllI • 1l A rt-J

*- ~

dlde

rJi _ rt-J

~njingde

IJ' 9':1

sylude

ChIng-wen jyu-ywin ddi nalif

This is a good seill.

1L lY:1!,\!l •

Wb ylu y;sy~ beiru. yis~ r6hw~

yisy" brng yisy" bingshwei yijlndl'ng yige j~nlou y"'kw~i feiddu weis~g jf jlty~u miuflft

7

D}

ENGLISH

another blanket

PRONUNCIATION

ENGLISH

CHINESE

fin -woli yityiu mliutan

Uf!1I

7i'"

Please wolke me at 6 a.m.

Ching dzai ddu shang Iyoudylnjung jyilUsyin wc).

tW {£ 1f!. J:. '" ,Wi t;: '411HJI •

Where is the bathroomr barber shop hairdresser

Ching-wen, yushr dzai nali! lifldyan meirungywan

1M Ill]

'g

, 1li-:i!1'£JlII

l!Il?

Jm ~ :i:

...

~~~

Please have these clothes washed. dry cleaned

Ching ba jesye yifu sy;giiniylng. giinsyi

,M IE ill I!!> ;IOU, ~ i'I' •

When can I have them back!

Shemma shrhou keyi gci weil

It Il! ~'i fill 1lf J;l!k

I want a key to my room.

W6 yau U:ngiy~'nde yaushr.

III 'l\!

I want to spe",k to Ihe manager.

Wci yau he jihgli iyJnghwJi.

<JI

Here is my new olddress.

Ii!' shr wade syih dlji'.

ill J<: III «j oIIi JtIi, :!It •

I shall relurn tomorrow.

Wo ming tyjin jyou hweilai.

llllJlJ,,:¥l:I!JJl!<

Giye me my bill, please.

Ching bi jangdiin kiii llii.

1M Ie It,ll! 1m l!<

Please bring me the bill.

~O\;

Shemma dHang you hlude f.'ln-gwanl

We desire bre.l/cl.lS(. lunch dinner

Women yau ddutsiin. jungtsiin

Please bring me a cup. a fork it glass a knife

Ching gei wo yfge b'eidz. y'bi ch:idz yige bwolibei yibi diiudz

w3nt~'n

mroll ffj in /l!;

flo my~nbau

ny6u-you

chli

-ffil~T

- 'Ii' II!!!!; ;IJ/Ii

II III ft~·

tf~

t:l:iI!l

i!l l!!{i!, If-iI!l :l'i

Ching nj bl jangdan kiii lai.

,M 1< IE i>Ji Yii IlII ""

• TIME, NUMBERS, COLORS

~

:fIJ

mJ1Il ;l!l ;i'i •

DAYS OF THE WEEK

Monday

Syingchiy(

III Jill -

Tuesday

Syingc!lier

lilWI _

Wednesday

Sy'ingchisan

lilJllJ=:

Thursday

SyYngchisi.

J'.JIIII!!I

Friday

Syingchiwu

lilJllJr.:

Saturd",y

SyYngchilyou

&W1'"

Sunday

Syingchityan

lilJIII"

everyday

meity.ln

."

today

fl'nty~n

"':R 4-"

tomorrow

m,ngtyan

IJIJ""

•

yesterd.lY

dzw6tyan

fI\;"

this week

jege syingchi

ill fill & WI

-JeJI.'r

neltt week

syhyingchi

l' iiI Jill

r~ ~J:

last week

shlngsy'ingchi

J:.lilJIIJ

It 111; JtIi, 1; :/.f IJ- (f.)

Il!l!ll? 'fY. 1i"J ~ J1! '1"R

n

~·tt

,

yige poindz Y'jr t~·ngch; hiijf.h.J ylin ting tsu jyang you IJi-y6u

CHINESE

III ?

AT THE RESTAURANT

Where is a good restaurant!

'" plate '" spoon pepper salt sug"'r vinegar soy Soluce hot sauce cooked rice bread and buller

PRONUNCIATION

WHiHJI -

-

·a~ # T •

lltl :f;f;

-IEJJT

,

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

Calendar

Ywe-li

January

V,ywe

February

Erywe

"'«"

»o-ywi

April

Si:ywe

"" June

Wuywe

Jllll -Jl _Jl -Jl "Jl 'liJl

lyOuywe

july

Ch"r'ywi

August

''Yw>

September

ly6uywe

Cktober

ShFywe

November

Sh(yi)'we

December

Sh;erywe

this month

jege ywe

next month

,ylige

last monlh

shlingge ywe

Ihis year

I

I

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

How is the weather today?

(Inty.i°nde fy.i°nehi dzemma ylngf

,\-;J
What will lhe weather be lomorrowl

Mr"gtyande tylinchi dzemma y~ngl

ch.lu

III ;J< ~j ;J< i\ I:!! tl! III ? l!: 1tI

leng

I!t

.dO'

w" ., 4,' cold

,

°

hot

g.n

III

?

il'.

"

~JJ

dear

chrnglJlng

'~M

-\:JJ AJl ;It.JJ -tJJ -t-JJ -t_Jl illlIJl Tl!IJJ

cloudy

y;'nlyan

r-l;J<

cool

lyingkwi;i

.~

frosl

shw.i'ng

l-1l

fog

w,

G

raining

sy~yCi

snowins

syi;sywi

nailing

syUliu

lhundering

dllei

1:
windy

gua leng

ji'n'nyin


humid

chiushr

IOisl year

chyu-ny.in

;l;'f.

nice

hluly:tndii

trill rt 11\ ltIill 1l;J
next year

mingny.in

II/lFr

beauliful

chinglingde 'Yilonctii

'UII Q'J ;J< li\

ywe

SEASON -

II>

Till Tfl T'I!l

TIME

WEATHER

r~

lime

I

shijV.on

Of

minute

",

-IT

I

second

mylu

tJ>

II

hour

shf

',j

dUng

q;

AoM.

shlingwu

1:'1'

chihoU

i\~

PM.

syiwii

T'F

season

iljyi

~fil

spring

chwun

'II'

autumn

chyOu

tI:

summer

",

I .

w;nler weather

,.

11

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

ENGLISH

COl.ORS Wh~l

color is thisl

II is rKJ. yellow

"'"'

while black green purple

Ie shr shemma

yinsl"~

Ie shr Mngde. hw1ingde Uinde Wide heidI" Iyude

This

.. J< it ll! 4J1 15 .. !HI fl'j. 'IIi fl'j 111 fl'j S il')

conl.lins

Jege li.iugwo shi-

II lW lUI J< '.If Ii! •

shu;;.

to\" andy

w.lnjyu l.lnggwo shipin yifu hwei hwli de shlpin hwii pwo de diingsyi

food

~ IY..J

CHINESE

bach.

clolhing perish.lble food fragile materi.lls

» fl'j 111

dld<

?

pack~ge

PRONUNCIATION

fl'j

ljtJltiJiJlf

11: !'All till1l f.t iIU'f..J it ~ fI fit fl'j JI[ l'i

AT THE TELECtu.PH STATION I

COMMUNICATIONS

to SI"fld ~ lele'V.lm to the

w~nt

Wo y.iu

fii

yiffing dy.inb.iu.

U.s.A.

AT THE POST OFFICE

mail

yOujyln

I&i'l'

m.lil curil"1'

y6ucNi

Where is the POSI olficel

Ching-wen, yOujyli ddi shEmm.l dif.lngl

1&* ,

Whefl'" can I m.lil this'

Ching-wen, wOdui shemma dibng keyi bI jege ~chiichyU'

I wanl to send this

WO

y~u

yung gwilhilu

day leller niah. leller ablegr.lm radiogr.lm

""/Ill

11\ "HE It 1l!Jil.1i? II'lIfll ,1lI-l£ltJ! Jil.1iIlJJ;.lre .. lIIl 1ftll1
ji jege.

.Iir m~il spKhlll delivery p.lrcel posl resulu mail

h.1ngkUng syinshf jw~n sung b:.iugwe pingsyin

Please give me ponige JI.lmps. .Ierogr.lms

Ching gei wo yi.lye y6upy~u. yisye hlingkiing youjyJn Ylsye m;nssyinpy~n

W~~~

)e leng syln syiiyiu dwosh5u y6upyiul

ill tl lrr ~ !Ii!;\!' !~ liIItI ?

post cuds How much is the postage on this lellerl parcel

ge baugwo

,.

M!l< rl!"'W~

ii!;\I!

II

'I'!i1

cosil When will il nrivel

00 l,J •

-1!!>AiL!l<~illi

-

~

IJlllll it

lW iiI;\I!

Shemm.l shmou keyy dju~

AT THE TELEPHONE

Chingwtm, shemm.l dif.lng yOu dy~lnhwU

liN Ill! 'ftll!Jil.1i

WO keyi yung nidI" dylnhwl m.l'

1lI 'f V.l !II 'ft fl'j lli 118'!1l ?

Where is the telephone directory'

Chingwen, shemm.l dilang y3u dylmhwilbu I

1m lUI ,ltlf!ltI!1i

Will you please gel this number lor mel

Ni keyi ti wo jye jege hlumi m.ll

Wh.ll number are you alling'

Ni' ylu shemma hlumU

Where is Ihe lelephonel M~y

~

- 'N 8 l1li:( l!l - ~ fHoI11tt III ,,.,,1:111 l!l .allllol

How much will this

til·

regiuered.

yirina i-jy'ndy:inblu yirena ~jy.ndyilnb:iu midi dylnW-u wUsyin dyilnb:iu

t use your

lelephone'

1S

1-ftlL~?

+ri'lllt&M:? i,tnJ V.l 'f'r lJ1 Jj:< m

{W!A!

Q!j ~.~

?

ifr. J:i ftill"ll! iI'J

?

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

Informilliion, plene.

Ching ni t1

we we

fliwUl.iii. long dislillnce. pleJse.

CHINESE

fNGLlSH

PRONUNCIATION

TRANSPORTATION

a.

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

we

Ching ni 11 jye ch.ingludyinhwlll.ii.

Where un I find

HANDLING MONEY

Ching-wen yin h£ng dzii n.ilil

Pleillse dwnge this inlO sm.toll bills.

Ching oi bJ jege hwinche'ng syJu pylltKlz..

ho~

lui

yilyJing jichlingchiche

Plene give me Chinese money.

Ching nl gei wiS

Whilll is Ihe rJte of exchJngel

Nimende dweihwinlyu sh( dwOshillul

Do you sell lrillve!er's checksf

Nimen mii Iyusying fr'pylu millf

bo..

bu.

llIi iIr. l~ ill ill ~ 1£ 'H:~ =j'- •

This is my billggillge.

J~ shr wOde syingli.

I hillve nothing 10 declJre.

wiS meiyou Ylu biu

This is not new.

I~

IS this duty free!

Ie shr bushr

iIr. I~

~~

:l1: II! !!' !i!

~!V?

suilcne hillndbillg

- §

ilt ... I'UI'

Ching gei wO yifen shriYanbyJu.

11<.

How much is J touriSI (first) d ..ss ridea

Ching-wen gw:in-gwang-

:N tnl , illt!2 ~

hi... dwOshlu chy.in yijJngpyllul

!P il _

*

l.ii-hweipy~u

~~ ?

l:i!l ~

kw~iche

~

dwCi hiu kwlliche

~ ~

1jf

tR- ]![

PU lungche

When does lhe tr",in depull Is this the right

l1Hlt 7 '" I!I

Irillinf

ll!

\\l

Tij 'j'-

:F.

V.l i\'.ll!

~~

fill J: 7

qJJj ,

gwanshang Ie millf syiu syangdz

'HI!

shiSuti~u

'jS!l£~

16

-l!>lJI

Plene give me J lime t",ble.

popular dns licket

bushr syYnde.

dfj syangdz

~~jl{Jt!

- § rUli

$C""s

shweide dungsyi.

wiS keyi bl wOde

-Ulil

Where is the inform",tion deskl

round trip ticket express ticket express wilh reserved

myinshweidef MillY I lock my trunk nowf

l1l4I rtf :il[ ?

Where is the (Jilw",y stationl

AT CUSTOMS Shemmill dlfJng shr hloigw:l'n gwan-yw.inl

ll'l131 ll! ~£ IT II'! JiI. :Ii llj Ji.l tt 1'1 - lIi

RAILWAY TRAVEL

liinggw6 chySn.

Where is the customs officiJlI

Ching-w~n,

w6 dzii shemmJ eftfJng keyi j'liud.lu yi/yanl; ;yIvtkhel yiry.i ... chw.in gunggungchiche yily.lng chic-he yip·iml

a bicyclel

Where Is the bJnkf

CHINESE

=j'-

Is lhis ",n express IrJinl

Ie shr

Is there <1 rest~ur,lnl on this trJinl skeping ur

lely~ cheshJng yo...

kw~iche

ts.Jiichfi m~' wOpUchC!

17

?

maf

ill "I 'II J: ~

?

~ fiIi '"

~J ff ,~

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

Is smoking permilted in this comp~rtmentl

lege chesyang jwunsyu syiyan mill

WhIt is the nlme of this placel

lege difilng jy~u shl!mmil mingdl.t

How long does the trilin Stily heref

Hwoche dl..i jeli ling dwlSjyOut

Where is lhe exit 10 lhe slreet!

NiH shr lUng dijye

Tilke my bilggage to the bus stand.

Ching bl wOde syingl! ~n diu

CHINESE

ENClISH

bod p~sSlble

open 10

Where is the bridgel

If.ll re lJt 9'J f'i 'f. lil f1J0~i"1:lfijQ.

Fe:;j,chlng ddi shemml difilngl Oi iYichengche chyir fl!!ijU:h:ing yiu dwOsh1u chyJinl

Where do I hIve my licket checked!

Odi shemma dilang chlpyJ,u'

Where is Ihe p.tSsport and customs areal

HujJ,u he h:iigwin dd,i I\,)li jylnchH

Whal time does the plane lor Tokyo

OJ,u OUngf,hg chyu de ftI'fl'sMmmilshmou chimil

dep.-.rt' WhOlI gilte do I go 101

WfJ y"'nggii dl.6u n~ge men!

How long will the

Fllifi yJ,u yJinch; dwtljyfJul

flight be delayed'

lli l!t l!I • '1.,,1\ it iI\;:;J!l>il!?

NT

jjld~u

w:ing n;in cnyu de Itl mill dUng

:til Jli ),>:'1-' O'j

18

mUl

* Ilf Vl iii

Chin8·~n

chyJiu ddi nJilil

Am I on Ihe told 10 lhe northl

\Yo sM bushr ddi

How mlny miles is it to town!

Olu cheng Ii yOu jr Ii lul

Excuse I'T'K", I ilm lost. Please help mel

Dwflbuch'j wo mile lu. Ching ni b:.lnllm;nlll

sying bii de IUsh:ingl

lJt I!!! ii!! ;E III I!I 1"1

lJt

j£ 'l' j£ .(E

"'J ~t

9'J i!.I:. ?

It 'l' l!: , lJt iil! T llfWii!r.~1t·

~~.m

Jl!

?

Ni nblll bYnenll Ii wo d:iilu!

Can you lind me guidel

Ni neng Ii w6 jau yille sySndlu mil

.II

i!r. tt 'il'ilttt - til 'lfl!JIIll?

Chinll ni irxei w~ Un.

Whilt pllce is thisl

?

SIDE 4

i!r. ~ ill tl'. 111 .J< O'j

Ciln you guide 1'T'K"1

Pluse point,

tt Ii! 'HH,HI\ ?

I!li

sy'"

fiT

Ni yfJu ditu m.lll

DRIVING AN AUTOMOBILE Do you know the road to the soothl east west

tH~ lit~ ?

Il!i flUi f'i e If IlII

Jety.1ulU tUngcWu s~mml dilang'

-"T THE -"'RPORT

How much does Ihe laxi 10 lhe ;airporl cosll

;a

Is lhere il ferryl

jkhengchiche

~irporll

lelY;u lu hlu md hwii neng tungsyin yijihg k1ilJ,ng, keyi liingsyingle

Ir~flic

de chUk6u!

Where is Ihe

CHINESE

north Is Ihis road goodr

BUnggvnBchich~iJn,

PRONUNCIATION

What is the name of this slreell

lely.1u jye jy:iu shemm. mlnlld.d

Turn right.

lwan you.

Turn left.

lwin dl.wfJ.

Go Slraillht Ihead,

Vi;; syilngchyan.

Go back 10 the cross. rO.lld and follow Ihe guide sign.

DyJ,UI~U

hweidJ,u ddi sweije lup.iii dl~U. shfdzruk~

,.

1* l!Jl rm itlJ -f- ¥ llf I:l j!j: ~ ;If

!If ~ ;l; •

PRONUNCMTION

CHINESE

Twsiinjw1ng dzi,i shemm. e1if.ngr

*'I tHE It lUll 15

Ihere

nlli

JlllI

he..

j!li

illJi!

near

funn

~I

,wI"

ill

ENGUSH

,,,

ifr

?

ENCLISH

PRONUNCIATION

CHINESE

Where un J find. mech.nid

NiH k~ jludiu yige

;(EllIIi!l;J!1!fJ;ll.t flI - l!l U Jll 0'1 A ?

Will you plene rep.ir the tirer

Chingwen ni-ning 11 wo syOu chefal m.r

lI'I 1'1 -;T. ht '8' lJ! IJ Jti AS l!j ?

How much will the work C05t'

Ni yiu dwl:Ssnau

itt.

Th.nk you.

Syesye ni.

syouchC!de

giingchy~nr

Ihis way Ih.u w.y Is there. g.r.ge ne.r here' gu Sl.lion town police slalion river r.i1ro.d telephone

he

i5J

""""

l!I! ill 'iii &s

dylmhwi

AUTOMOBILE MAINTENANCE

Where is • g.r.gel

Nili you syOuchi!chlngl

Do you h.ve parlS

Ni you jejung Meigwochi!de I(ngjy:'n m.l

i!r. ~, ;a .Ill: 'll III 0''''1 i'f OJ> ?

Ni yOu dylnping m.l dylnsyin

iii: ;([ 111 ItH'l ?

lor Ihis Ameriun uri Do you "'.live. baueryl

a c.ble lire chains distilled w.ler Inoline gre.se an inner lube a lighl bulb oil • pump sp.rk plugs • lire lire p.llches

ch~t~llyin

jengly6ushwfi chiy6u run.hw",-you neil~i

yiji di!"ngpiu jly6u dkhllung hwosyings:'U yij1 chef.ii blil1ibu

~

§. ~j.> .I if ?

I!tl!ti!r..

'!Ilia! jery",u lu iIlUiJi nirySu lu !II lUll lefuj,h y6u sy&chechlng iB rg ;fr ;:ff U ... lit m.r q ? jy.youjin 110 iE!l 'M jensh1 @i ili jTngch~jyU If e: f.i} hen ywl'"

very far

t~n ~

~[

ill ~ '" It; it

l'it>1lIJl< ~llil

;lljjjfllil

!'lit; -:JillliiY illl1!J trll\l>'! j(JH~

-:JiJliit;

III it;:/Ii

21

SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND POLITE EXPRESSIONS The many Chinese words and phrases you have listened to on

the casseltes and practiced saying can be varied

10

express all

kinds of different meanings. Now you will be able to get along

quite well in Chinese, using the phrases you have learned in set patterns, without h.aving to worry about grammar or sentence construction.

Besides these necessary words, however, there ;Ire other words -polile expressions and phrases that. spoken at Ihe right lime, will indiCllte that you know something about Ihe culture of Chin<1l. These are Ihe "extra words" that Chinese people constantly use-words that will stamp you as someone who under-

stands and respeclS the social customs of the countf)'. Use these exlr.ll words and the Chinese will think of you as polite, charming, interesting, or-as they say in Chinese-Hen you /i-mau, A good example of this type of word and one y?U will frequently hear is Hau, meaning "Goodl" When hau IS preceded by the negative word bu its meaning changes to "Bad!" that is, "Nol good!" In the same way Ihe word ~~r "ycs";-sh! when preceded by bu means "no" or "It isn't SO as In B~ shr.. The word for "Mr," or "sir" is Syan-sheng which hterillly meilns "elder" or "born before." The word for "Mrs," or "mildilm" is rai-Ia;, To Siily "Miss" use Syiu-iye, In Communist China these titles have been replilced by a new one equivalent to "Comrade," which in Chinese is Tung-;t. The title follows the name, so if you are speaking to or introducing a Mr. li, you refer to him as U Syan-sheng, Also remember that the personal name follows the family name, In the Chinese name Lin Yu-tang, Lin is the family name and Yu-tang is the personal name. An easy way to say "Happy to meet you" is Jyou-yang jyouyang, A polite way to ask a person's name is Gwei·sying meiln· ing "honorable name," the word gwei being allribuled to the other person's name or family, but not used in reference to one's self. When meeting people, taking leave, or 10 express Ihanks lor something. it is considered courteous 10 bow to Ihe person to whom you are speaking. When someone does you a service, besides silying "Thanks" -Sye-sye, or "Many thanks"-dwo-sye, you might sometimes use "Unusual many thanks"-Fei-chang dwo·sye. If you are invited somewhere accept "with great pleasure"-hau ;i Ie, meaning "very happy," When visiting someone's home you will probably hear the expression "Make yourself at home,"-Ching swei-yi; or "Pleue sit down," Ching dzwo; to which you can reply, "Please don't 22

stand on ceremony,"-Bu ke chi; which can al§O be used for "Don't bother," or "You're welcome." If you meet the children you can exclaim, "What a charming chHd!"-}e haidz pyaulyang de hen! or "What charming children'''-}e jige haidz pyaulyang de henl When you are invited to dinner compliment your hosl by saying, "This is excellent."-Jen hau-ch,: And when you leave remember to say "Thanks for an excellent dinner"-Sye-sye ni, iemma hlude wantan; and "Thank you for a fine time,"Sy~-sye ni, war de henhlu. You should be ready to admire monuments, palaces, pagodas, and scenery with remarks like, "How beautiful!"-Je"n haulc.in! or "Very interesting"-Hen-you yi-szl or "Great"-}itn b~ng! When having a drink with a Chinese friend you Siily G.1l'n bei, meaning "Dry cup!" or "BOlIoms up'" "Have a good lrip." is Yi-Iu shUn-/e'ng and "Good luck!" is Ju ni hIu-yun! The lunar New Year, falling in January or February, is an important holiday for all Chinese, The expression for "Happy New Year" is GUngsyi, CUng-syi, China is famous for its parades and mass demonstrations at which you will hear the exclamation, Wan·swei"Ten Ihousands years." The Chinese name for China is Jilng-gw6. Certain idiomatic expressions can be used as informal greetings such as "How are youl"-Ni hiJul to which the .mswer is Hau, or H;ii-hau, "Still good," "long time no see," a translation of a Chinese expression which is often used in English is, in the original Chinese: Hau-;yOu bti-iyan! To call the waiter's attention in a restaurant you say tau-iya, Chopsticks are called Kwai-dz, and when you finish eating. place the chopsticks pointing out from you, To ask for Ihe check, say Ching swan-jang and if Ihe waiter thanks you say, "11'5 nothing!" -Mei shemmal Although Ihere is no common linguistic basis between the IndO-European languages, of which English is one, and the Sino-Tibetan language group, which includes Chinese, Chinese is not hard to learn 10 speak since the grammar is relatively simple. There are no case endings or verb conjugations to worry about as there are in European languages so you can substilute new words into the framework of what you have already learned without fear of grammatical mistakes. Some Chinese words, especially pertaining to food, are familiar to many Americans, Here are a few with their correct Chinese pronun· cialion: Chow (eMu), Chow Mein (chau-myan) Won Ton (hwtinlwun), lichee (Ii-it). In addition, many place names you are familiar with have basic meanings in Chinese. Shanghai (Shang-hai) means "by Ihe sea;" "Soulh Capital" is Nanking (Nan-;ing); "North Capital" is Peking (Bei-t,ng); "Terrace Bay" is Taiwan (Tai.wan), And one word almost everyone knows is Kung Fu (GUng-Iu), You scel You already know some Chinese!

ALHAMBRA Pb/'3L1C LIBRARY ALHAMLJRA, CAUFOANIA

IMPORTANT SICNS ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

Bridge

ehy.iulyang

C.reful

lyOusyih

CloSt~d

fengbi

Crossro.d

jy:iuch"ilu

CHINESE

O.ngerous curve De.d end ~

DetOur

,tl: j!!1

fj

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIA.TION

CHINESE

No p.rking

jin-jF ting ehe

# .Ll: if' '"

No vehicles

chelyang bujwun tungsying

lI1lii 111 .Ll: ii1itj

Right culVe

yQujwinwin

tiM ill

ShoUp lurn

jiwiin

Speed limit

syin sii

fi'kilo! RUg;

hke either rOUle

sweibyin dzOu yityjulu

This w.y

tsung jeti WOO

~il!1Ijl;

Weight limit 5 Ions

ddi/ung wudwun

lliililiiU

Women

nyulSetWO

,n,Hi;

Do not enter Don't smoke jingi chukou jinkou

Wo

bil

ehukou

Go slow

minsying

Keep out

bu;wun ru·nei

Keep to left

kiudzwo

Keep 10 righl

kiuyOu

left curve

dzwojwInw:in n.int~wO

No iIIdmit.nce No .nim.l·drillwn tr.ffie

shensyu twolide chety.iing bude lungsying

No motor vehicles

ehiche bude tungsying

"

tt 111 i{fi lSl ;Ie :flilil!il'i

l~

lii

25

n~

1;l1\ljl;JII\-j1;llI

IN TE RN AT IO NA L RO AD SI G NS

~ DANGE R

& V DANGE R

MAIN ROAD

AHEAD

A 0 &

E! & A CAUTI ON

SHARP TURN

®

0 • n 0

et) ~ @@

@@ III

LEFT CURVE

TAKE EITHER ROUTE

~ (S)

UNGUA RDED RAIL~ ROAD CROSSING

NO ANIMA L· DRAWN TRAFF IC

~O

WAITING

OPEN CULVE RT (DIP)

CROSSROAD

THIS WAY

DO NOT

ENTER

NO PARKI NG

NO MOTOR VEHICL ES

PARKI NG

WEIGHT LIMIT S~ TONS

NO VEHICL ES

RIGHT CURVE

~

GUARDEO RAIL· ROAD CROSS ING

@ SPEED LIMIT

m

Signs showing pl~ce.llt which.ll first-,.id sl.lllion un be found.