www.process-heating.com | March 2011 | Volume 18, Number 3
Use our Equipment Overview on Ovens to research manufacturers’ capabilities and zero in on those that meet your needs.
Periodical Class
14 The Way the Wind Blows 18 Getting Energy from Waste
These heaters will be fully assembled and checked at our factory before delivery.
Get a complete heater package Need a new heater? Get a complete heater package from Heatec. A complete package eliminates hassles, saves you time and saves you money. Our package includes design, manufacturing, factory assembly, on-site setup and startup. We also offer maintenance contracts and provide free phone support. Heaters have many components from a variety of manufacturers. It’s always best to mate these components with the heater and adjust them before the heater is shipped to you. This eliminates most compatibility problems. Our goal is that setup of our heater at your plant will be trouble free, without undue rework. Most setups should only require re-assembly of parts dismantled
for shipping, plus connection of electrical power and piping. Complete factory assembly eliminates last-minute fieldwork that can cause startup delays. It also eliminates buck passing if things don’t go right. Moreover, if a problem develops later, you won’t have to wrangle with a variety of component suppliers to fix it. So, when you buy a new heater, always choose a manufacturer that provides a complete package. Heatec has this capability, which sets us apart from others. Call today and let us answer any questions you have about our heater packages.
HEATEC
( % ! 4 % # DQ$VWHF,QGXVWULHV&RPSDQ\ :,/6215'&+$77$122*$7186$)$;KHDWHFFRP
Where Do I Go for Electric Heaters?
omega.com, of Course! Your single source for process measurement and control products! Regulate Liquid Temperature Liquid Flow Through Heaters
FTH Series Starts at $ 525
Visit omega.com/fth Infrared Thermometer with Relative Humidity Measurement
Strip Heater
Heating Tapes with Built-In Adjustable Thermostat
OT Series Starts at $ 47
HTWAT Series Starts at $134
TM
*OS418L $165
Visit omega.com/htwat
Visit omega.com/ot_heater 1 ⁄4 DIN Compact Temperature Controller CN2110 Series Starts at $ 340
FREE! OMEGALUX
New LOW PRICE!
®
New Horizons in Electric Heaters
Thermal Imager with Software Included OSXL-101 $1990
®
Visit omega.com/cn2110_series
Visit omega.com/osxl-101
Visit omega.com/os418l “T” Type Air Process Heaters
AHP Series Starts at $67
Visit omega.com/ahp_series
Visit omega.com to order the OMEGALUX® New Horizons ® in Electric Heaters—Part I Featuring 96 Dilbert Cartoons!
Shop Online at
For Sales and Service, Call TOLL FREE ®
*PATENTED Covered by U.S. and International patents and pending applications
Dilbert © United Feature Syndicate, Inc.
© COPYRIGHT 2011 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
March 2011 Volume 18 • Number 3
www.process-heating.com WEB EXCLUSIVES: READ MORE AT WWW.PROCESS-HEATING.COM Q Air Knives Boost Performance of Infrared Drying System
page
page
14
18
Q Infrared Applications in the Real World
Fans The Way the Wind Blows Selecting a fan type and fit by purpose increases efficiency and performance. Knowing whether your application requires high volumes of airflow with low pressure or high pressure airflow with low volumes is just one of the questions to be answered in order to determine the correct fan shape selection.
18
Q Plate Points Learn about some of the features that are available in plate heat exchangers, such as wide-gap spacing, semi-welded plates and double-wall designs.
Features 14
With the changeover from solvent-based to water-based coatings, drying times in hot air circulation ovens have increased, reducing throughput. Air knives help shorten drying time.
Heat Exchangers Getting Energy from Waste
Want to save valuable floor space, heat products faster and increase production line speeds? Infrared could be your answer. Sign up for “Infrared Applications in the Real World,” a webinar presented by Process Heating in conjunction with the Infrared Division of the Industrial Heating Equipment Association.
UPDATED DAILY Q New Products
Q Industry News
ALWAYS ONLINE Q Archives Q Calendar of Events Q Drying Files columns
Q Energy Notes column Q Equipment Overviews Q Heating Highlights
Q Digital Editions Q Buyers Guide Q Archived Webinars
Take a close approach for more power. Compact plate heat exchangers offer benefits for heat recovery applications.
20
Equipment Overview: Ovens
Check out our redesigned site with more frequent updates and web exclusives!
Hot Prospects Use our Equipment Overview on Ovens to research manufacturers’ capabilities and zero in on those that meet your needs.
Q Go Mobile Use your smart phone to read Process Heating, wherever you are! Simply visit http://gettag.mobi/ with your phone’s browser to install the Microsoft Tag app. Then, point your phone’s camera at the tag below to be taken to our current issue online — instantly. The reader works on most current smart and advancedd ffeature phones, h includi l d ing Windows Mobile (5.5 and above), iPhone, Blackberry, Symbian and J2ME.
About the Cover
Columns & Departments 6
Editor’s Page
28 Classified Directory
7
Inner Workings
29 Advertiser Index
13 Calendar
29 Free Subscription Form
24 Products
30 Places & Faces
A 1,112°F (600°C) industrial oven from Hope Valley, U.K.-based Carbolite (www.carbolite.com) has a vertical opening door, 92 ft3 (2,600 liter) capacity, load management system and integral quench tank. It is used for an aerospace manufacturing process compliant to NADACP AMS 2750D. To learn more about ovens, see page 20.
PROCESS HEATING (ISSN 1077-5870) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PROCESS HEATING, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to PROCESS HEATING, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or
[email protected].
www.process-heating.com • M a r c h 2 0 1 1
|
5
By Linda Becker
Commentary What Does It Mean for You?
Boiler Emissions Rules Released On February 21, the Environmental Protection Agency issued pollution standards that apply to new and existing industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers and process heaters. Two rules were released as national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP). The first requires all “major sources” to meet hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control technology (MACT). In the second rule, EPA released a national emission standard for two “area source” categories: industrial boilers and institutional and commercial boilers. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA classifies sources by the amount of toxic pollution they emit. • A “major source” facility emits 10 or more tons per year of any single air toxic, or 25 or more tons per year of any combination of air toxics. In addition, the EPA defined 15 subcategories of “major source” boilers and process heaters based on their designs. The final MACT rule just released includes specific requirements for each of these 15 subcategories. • An “area source” emits less than 10 tons per year of any single air toxic, or less than 25 tons per year of any combination of air toxics.
SYSTEM DOWN!
While all of the intricacies of the rules are too lengthy to cover here, a few key points are worth noting. For facilities identified as “major sources,” the EPA established critical limits. For certain types, such as new and existing natural gas- and refinery gas-fired units, the final rule establishes a work practice standard instead of numeric emission limits. The rule also established a work practice standard for new and existing units with a heat input capacity of less than 10 million BTU/hr, or for new and existing limited-use units, which EPA defines as units that operate less than 876 hours per year. Although the boilers covered by the new standards will not be required to comply until after February 2014, the EPA estimates as many as 200,000 boilers are affected. For more information on these standards, visit http://www.epa.gov/airquality/combustion.html.
Linda Becker, Associate Publisher and Editor,
[email protected]
MultiTherm’s Heat Transfer Fluids Keep All Systems
GO! Run your system more efficiently, for longer periods, with less down time. Make System Maintenance a Priority!
1-800-339-7549 www.multitherm.com 6
|
M a r c h 2 0 1 1 • Process Heating
Inner Workings
Move over silicon. There’s a new electronic material in town that generates little heat, and it goes fast. The material, graphene, which was the focus of the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics, is a fancy name for extremely thin layers of ordinary carbon atoms arranged in a “chicken-wire” lattice. The layers — sometimes just a single atom thick — conduct electricity with virtually no resistance, little heat generation and less power consumption than silicon, say the developers. By heating silicon carbide, a widely used electronic material, Georgia Tech researchers were able to drive silicon atoms from the surface, leaving just the carbon lattice in thin layers of graphene large enough to grow the kinds of electronic devices familiar to a generation of electronics designers. With silicon device fabrication approaching its physical limits, many researchers believe graphene can provide a new platform material that would allow the semiconductor industry to continue its march toward eversmaller and faster electronic devices — progress described in Moore’s Law. Though graphene is not likely to ever replace silicon for everyday electronic applications, it could take over as the material of choice for high performance devices. And graphene ultimately could spawn a new generation of devices designed to take advantage of its unique properties. A new electronics material is needed because silicon is running out of miniaturization room. “Primarily, we’ve gotten the speed increases from silicon by continually shrinking feature sizes and improving interconnect technology,” says Dennis Hess, director of the National Science Foundation-sponsored Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Georgia Tech.“We are at the point where in less than 10 years, we won’t be able to shrink feature sizes any farther because of the physics of the device operation. That means we will either have
to change the type of device we make, or change the electronic material we use.” It’s a matter of physics. At the very small size scales needed to create ever more dense device arrays, silicon generates too much resistance to electron flow, creating more heat than can be dissipated and consuming too much power. Silicon has matured over many generations through constant research and improvement, and many experts agree that it always will be around, useful for low-cost consumer products such as iPods, toasters, personal computers and the like. But Walt de Heer, a professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Physics who pioneered the development of graphene for high-performance electronics and leads the school’s graphene research, expects
Photo by Mali Azima
Silicon Replacement Generates Little Heat
Professor Walt de Heer leads Georgia Tech research into fabricating electronic devices from epitaxial grapheme, which produces little heat.
graphene to find its niche doing things that could not otherwise be done. “We’re not trying to do something cheaper or better; we’re going to do things that can’t be done at all with silicon,” he says. “Making electronic devices as small as a molecule, for instance, cannot be done with silicon,
www.process-heating.com • M a r c h 2 0 1 1
|
7
Inner Workings Your source for the highest quality Single & Multiple Channel Chillers on the market today.
Design
Custom Design available 6 standard chiller models to choose from Design your chiller one on one with our engineers From 2,500 to 380,000 BTU/hr Re-circulating Heat Only Systems available Various sizes available for your application and space requirements
Quality
Over 25 years of high quality manufacture and design Only the highest quality refrigeration and components used All motors thermally protected and tested All units are manufactured in our US facility Each unit goes through an in depth in-process and ¿nal quality inspection
but in principle could be done with graphene.” Much of the world’s graphene research, including work leading to the Nobel Prize, involved the study of exfoliated graphene, which are layers of the material removed from a block of graphite, originally with tape. While agreeing that the exfoliated material has produced useful information about graphene properties, de Heer dismisses it as “a science project” unlikely to have industrial electronics application. “Electronics companies are not interested in graphene flakes,” he says. “They need industrial graphene, a material that can be scaled up for high-volume manufacturing. Industry is now getting more and more interested in what we are doing.” “We are not really trying to compete with these other groups,” he says. “We are really trying to create a practical electronic material. To do that, we will have to do many things right, including fabricating a scalable material that can be made as large as a wafer. It will have to be uniform and able to be processed using industrial methods.”
Dryer Maker Gets More Out of Lignite Using Waste Heat
401 Magnolia Avenue Croydon, Pa 19021 | (Phone) 215-788-5528 | (Fax) 215-788-7737 You can visit us on the web: www.tek-tempinstruments.com or email
[email protected]
8
|
M a r c h 2 0 1 1 • Process Heating
Heyl & Patterson Inc., a specialist engineering company headquartered in Pittsburgh, has created a new technology for coal-firing power plants that improves fuel quality, decreases volatile gas emissions, and reduces a plant’s operating
Inner Workings HT, consists of extruded polystyrene rigid-foam panels. The high temperature limit makes the foam suitable for applications exposed to high temperatures that require high compressive strength, low water absorption, resistance to rot and good insulation performance. Styrodur
expenses and maintenance costs. Called, “DryFining,” the project was led by electric service provider Great River Energy, Maple Grove, Minn., and launched in December 2009. Coal Creek Station in Underwood, N.D., operated by Great River Energy, was used as the test facility. According to the company, “DryFining” is a combination of drying and refining. This fuel enhancement technology simultaneously dries and refines lignite, a form of coal that is softer and contains more moisture. Lignite ordinarily is burned as it is mined, but its water content causes it to produce a lower quality fuel. Heyl & Patterson custom-engineered a series of fluid bed dryers for the project that use waste heat from the plant’s existing processes to gently dry the lignite and cause it to burn cleaner and more efficiently. The drying process also reduces gases such as carbon dioxide and removes compounds containing sulfur and mercury. “Utilities across the country have been seeing increases in the cost of generating and transmitting electricity, with power bills up to ten percent higher than previous years,” says Jeff Morris, vice president of Heyl & Patterson.“Our project was able to help provide a sustainable, cost-reducing solution utilizing existing energy from within the power plant.” More than 400,000 tons of lignite has been processed since the project’s inception.
Insulation Effective Up to 221°F A key feature of insulation from BASF, Florham Park, N.J., is its heat-distortion temperature of up to 221°F (105°C), which is the application-limit temperature. The new material, called Styrodur
HT stays dimensionally stable even with high ambient temperatures or high solar radiation, according to the company. BASF provides the insulation material at nominal compressive strengths of 300 and 600 kPa. The product is particularly suitable for insulating hot water tanks, insula-
Did you know that 90% of heat transfer fluid breakdowns are caused by equipment issues? Listing and temperature range chart for all Paratherm heat transfer fluids.
If you just check your hot-oil on a regular basis you could practically eliminate unplanned shutdown or loss of production. The easy way to do this is by conducting a Fluid Analysis. Because Fluid Analysis isn't just to check your fluid; it's to test your system. When we test your fluid (we suggest annually or more frequently for demanding service) the values we get from boiling range, viscosity, and acidity tell us what's going on in there. Better yet, together with a one-to-one system review with you, those same test results can help pinpoint emerging issues with oxidation, overheating, or possible mismatches in those interrelated components that could lead to a downtime-causing problem. This can help you keep the system up when it's supposed to be up, and know in advance if any corrections are needed for when you do have scheduled downtime. Your system runs better, your fluid lasts longer, and your process earns its keep.
Immersion Engineering™™
Services Fluid Analysis Fluid Maintenance Training Troubleshooting Consulting
Products Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm
CR® HTF MR® HTF MG™ HTF LR™ HTF HR™ HTF HE® HTF
Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm Paratherm
NF® HTF OR® HTF GLT™ HTF SC® Cleaner LC™ Cleaner AC™ Cleaner
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
4 Portland Road West Conshohocken PA 19428 USA
800-222-3611
®
610-941-4900 • Fax: 610-941-9191
[email protected]
®
www.paratherm.com
www.process-heating.com • M a r c h 2 0 1 1
|
9
Inner Workings tion applications with hot water that are exposed to pressure and moisture, and for various insulation applications in solar technology. For more information, go to www.styrodur.com.
Defining Boiler Water Problems
ARI Valves can take the heat… There’s no margin of error when it comes to reliability of the valves in your system. While you may not have to protect against lava flow, we can solve your problems up to 800˚F! ARI Valves are the choice of industrial professionals. Our quality assurance system is in accordance with DIN ISO 9001. You can trust our bellows-seal valves to perform under adverse conditions and never need to replace stem packing. ARI Valves are in Heat Transfer Service Around the Globe. So if you are responsible for the security and safety of your company’s system, make certain that ARI Valves are the choice. When things get hot, you should specify ARI Valves for Thermal Transfer Fluid Applications. ARI Valves…The Obvious Choice
ARI Valve Corporation 1738 Sands Place, S.E. · Marietta, Georgia 30067 U.S.A. Fax: (770) 933-8846 · Phone: (770) 933-8845 www.arivalve.com
PH04104ARI.indd 1
Boiler operators face the potential of three particular problems, any one of which can be alleviated with proper water treatment. Amsolv, an industrial water treatment company headquartered in Waxahachie, Texas, addresses the three most-common boiler water problems and how they occur, on www.amsolv.com. They are: • Scaling. Scaling occurs as water is heated and converted into steam. The boiler functions as a distillation unit, taking pure water out as steam and leaving behind concentrated minerals and other contaminants in the boiler. Scale forms as a result of the precipitation of normally soluble solids that become insoluble as temperature increases. Some examples of boiler scale are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium silicate. • Corrosion. Corrosion is a general term that indicates the conversion of a metal into a soluble compound. In the case of boiler metal, corrosion is the conversion of steel into rust. In a boiler, two types of corrosion are prevalent. There is oxygen-pitting corrosion, seen on the tubes and in the preboiler section. And there is low-pH corrosion, seen in
3/26/10 2:13:40 PM
Two Coils
are Better than One Designed with twin helical coils the General Combustion HYT Series heaters offer the highest efficiency available. The HYT is designed for high temperature applications and its small, compact package makes it the ideal choice for limited space environments and easy installation. The General Combustion HYT is suitable for use with a wide range of fuels and thermal fluids making it the most versatile and efficient heater available. For reliability you can trust and efficiency you can bank on... Call the experts at General Combustion.
HERE’S WHY . . . • • • • • • •
10
|
Highest efficiency available Reduced operating costs Lower stack temperatures Compact construction for easy installation Safe, low-pressure operation No castable refractory Factory tested for optimum performance
M a r c h 2 0 1 1 • Process Heating
5201 N. Orange Blossom Trail, Orlando, FL 32810 • Phone (407)290-6000 • Fax (407) 578-0577
Inner Workings the condensate return system. Corrosion of either type can lead to failure of critical parts of the boiler system, deposition of corrosion products in critical heat exchange areas, and overall efficiency loss. • Carryover. Carryover is caused by either priming or foaming. Priming is the sudden violent eruption of boiler water that is carried along with steam out of the boiler. It usually is caused by mechanical conditions. Priming can cause deposits in and around the main steam header valve in a short period of time. Foaming causes carryover by forming a stable froth on the boiler water that then is carried out with the steam. Over a period of time, deposits due to foaming can completely plug a steam or condensate line.
Software Controls Dryer’s Energy Use The Siemens Industry Solutions Division, Erlangen, Germany, has developed software with an energy-saving control strategy for dryer sections. The Sipaper APC (Advanced Process Control) DrySec reduces steam consumption in papermaking by decreasing energy needs in the drying process. Optimized setpoints are calculated for all drying parameters and adjusted to actual process conditions. The system was piloted successfully at the Rhein Papier GmbH’s paper mill in Hürth near Cologne, Germany, reducing the main steam requirement by more
Valve Proving Systems Experience Dungs valve proving system advantages! t*NQSPWFETBGFUZ t&OWJSPONFOUBMMZGSJFOEMZ t$PTUFGGFDUJWF t.FFUT/'1"1SPPGPG$MPTVSF SFRVJSFNFOUT 'PSBDPNQMJNFOUBSZ%7%GFBUVSJOH %VOHTWBMWFQSPWJOHTZTUFNTDPOUBDU
00A
K2
VD
POFPGPVSGSJFOEMZDVTUPNFSTFSWJDF SFQSFTFOUBUJWFT www.dungs.com/usa KARL DUNGS INC. 3890 Pheasant Ridge Drive NE Suite 150 Blaine, MN 55449 Office: (763) 582-1700 Fax: (763) 582-1799 Email:
[email protected]
VPS
504
www.process-heating.com • M a r c h 2 0 1 1
|
11
Inner Workings
s &LUID